roobert filmer

sarr roobert filmer (sii. 1588-26 meyy 1653) rajaakkanmaarude daivika avakaashathe prathirodhicha oru engleesh rashtreeya sidhaanthakanaayirunnu. 1680-ll marananantharamaayi prasidheekaricha addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya kruthiyaaya "patriarcha", aljernon sidneyude "sarkkaarinekkurichulla prabhashanangal", jaims tyralinte "patriarcha noonn monroca", joonn lokkinte "sarkkaarinte rund prabandhangal" ennivayulppede niravadhi nishedha shramangalkk lakshyamayirunnu. thomas hobbs, joonn milttan, hugo grotius, aristottil ennivarekkurichum filmer vimarsanangal ezhuthi.
jeevitam.
kentile eest sattanile sarr edward filmerinteyum (nee argal) elisabath filmerinteyum (nee argal) mootha kuttiyaya addeham 1604-ll kembridjile trinity collegil ninnu metrikkuleshan poortthiyaakki. birudam nedaathe 1605 januvari 24-nuu linkens sannil praveshippikkappettu. 1613-ll addehathe barylake vilippichu, pakshe addeham niyamam abhyasichathinu thelivukalonnumilla. westminstar aabiyile porttarude lodge addeham thante taunn hausaayi upayogikkunnathinaayi vaangi. 1618 august august landanile sent leonards palliyil vachu addeham aan hettane vivaham kazhichu, avarude aadya kutty 1620 februvariyil jnjaanasnaanamettu. 1619 januvari januvari king jaims onnaaman nyoomaarkkattil vachu filmerinu naitt padavi nalki.
1629 novemberil filmerinte pithaav marikkukayum mootha kuttyenna nilayil filmer pithaavinte kottaravum estettum ettedukkukayum cheythu. cheythu addeham samadhaanathinte neethinjanum kaundi milishyayude udyogasthanumaayi. filmerinte mootha makan sarr edward neenda paarlamentine athirkkunnathil sajeevamaayirunnu, kentish harjiyil thadavilakkappetta thante suhruthu sarr rogger twisdene mochippichathinu filmer 5000 poundinu jaamyathil ninnu. 1642 septambaril paarlamentari sainyam addehathinte kottara veedu kollayadichu. adutha varsham paarlamentari aavasyathinu dhanasahayam nalkunnathinaayi westminstarileyum kentileyum addehathinte swathukkalkku kanatha nikuthi chumatthi. raajaavine pinthunachuvennu samshayichu kaundi kammitti filmerine anweshichengilum vyakthamaaya thelivukalonnum kandethiyitla. pravrithikalilo vaakkukalilo iruvashathum edapedunnathil ninnu thanikk ethratholam akalamundennu" parisodhakarodu filmer chodichu."ithu vyaja aaropanamaanenkilum, filmer raajavargakkaarkkaayi aayudangal olippichuvechathayi addehathinte kudiyanmaril oraal avakashappettu. orupakshe aaa kaaranathaalaanu, filmer kurachu varshakkalam leads kottayil thadavilaakkappedukayum addehathinte estettukal pidichedukkappedukayum cheythath.
1653 meyy ekadesham ekadesham ekadesham filmer antharichu. addehathinte shavasamskaram meyy meyy kizhakkan suttonil nadannu, avide addehathe patthaam thalamurayile addehathinte pingaamikalaal chuttapetta palliyil samskarichu. bharya moonnu aanmakkalum oru makalum oru makalum oru makalum addehathinu munpu marichavarumaayirunnu.
addehathinte makan, roobert, 1674-ll filmer baaronettukalil aadyatheyaalaayi srishtikkappettu. addehathinte mattoru makan beversham filmer, favershaaminaduthulla ludenham kottaaratthinte udamayaayi, addeham athu kudumbatthiloode kaimari.
"pithrusathaaka" yum mattu kruthikalum.
rajaavum house oof komansum thammilulla tharkkam addehathe saahitya pravarthanatthilekku uyarthiyappol thanne filmer madhyavayaskanaayirunnu. daivika valathupakshathinte theevravibhaagam kaivashappedutthiya sidhaanthangalude udaaharanagal addehathinte rachanakal nalkunnu.
1680ll marananantharamaayi prasidheekaricha "pithrthvam allengil rajaakkanmaarude swaabhaavika shakti" yill filmerude chinthakalude poornnamaaya aavishkaaram kaanapedunnu, ennaal orupakshe orupakshe aarambhich 1642ll aabhyantharayudham aarambhikkunnathin munbu eathaandu poortthiyaayittundaakam. christopher hill parayunnathanusarichu, "raajaavinte chinthakalude muzhuvan vaadavum". . . "pithrthvavum", "pithrthvavum" "1640kalilum neratthe prasidheekaricha addehathinte kruthikalum" "uthbhavam" "muthalulla pazhaya niyamacharithrathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu".
thante jeevithakaalathu addeham prasidheekaricha kruthikal addehathinte sthaanam vyakthamaakkunnu. "vishudhaathmaavinethiraaya daivaninda" enna vaakk 1646 allengil 1647 muthal daivanindayekkurichulla joonn kaalvinte sidhaanthathil ninnu aarambhich kaalvinistukalkkethire vaadichu. "freeholdezhs grand inkvast" (1648) engleesh bharanaghadanaa charitravumaayi bandhappettathaan. filmerinte aadyakaala prasidheekaranangalkku valia shradha labhichilla, athesamayam "patriarcha" kayyezhuthuprathikalil maathram pracharichu. "parimithavum sammisravumaaya raajavaazhchayude araajakathvam" (1648) raajavaazhchayekkurichulla oru grandhatthinu nereyulla akramanamaayirunnu philipp hundon, raajaavinte prathyekaavakaasham paarlamentinte sabhakalude adhikaarathekkaal shreshtamallennu addeham vaadichirunnu.
emm. aarr. hobsinte leviyathanekkurichulla sarkkaarinte yadhaarthathekkurichulla filmerinte nireekshanangal, saalmasiyasinethiraaya emm. aarr. milttan, echu. 1652ll grotius dii juur bellie essy passis prathyakshappettu. athinte thalakkettin anusrithamaayi, ithu niravadhi rashtreeya klaasikkukale akramikkunnu, grotiyasinte "dii juur bellie essy passis", joonn milttante "defencio proo populo anglicano", thomas hobsinte "leviathan". rajaakkanmaarude shakti, prathyekichu englandile raajaavinte" (1648 ll ezhuthiyathu) enna laghulekha aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu 1680 laanu.
kazhchakal.
pithaavinte oru kudumbatthinte bharanamaan ellah gavanmentinteyum yadhaartha uthbhavavum maathrkayum enna prasthavanaye adisthaanamaakkiyaanu filmerinte sidhaantham sthaapikkappettathu. thudakkathil thante pingaamikalil polum jeevithathilum maranathilum polum poornna niyanthranam undaayirunna aadaaminu daivam adikaaram nalki. aadaamil ninnu eee adikaaram nohayk paarambaryamaayi labhichu. ithu anumaanikkunnath, shem, haam, jafet ennivayil ninnu gothrapithaavin avarude kudumbangalkkum sevakarkkum mail avar prayogicha samboornna adikaaram paarambaryamaayi labhichuvennum ellah rajaakkanmaarum gavarnarmaarum (orotta rajaavo bharanasabhayo aakatte) avarude adikaaram nedunnathu eee gothrapithaavil ninnaanennum, athinaal athu samboornnavum daivika avakaashathil adhishtithavumaanu.
daivathinte "rahasya" ishtam anusarichaanu pravarthikkunnathennu avakaashappedunna manushyarude adhikara avakaashavaadangalude saadhuta vilayiruthunnathil antharleenamaaya budhimuttu filmer avaganichu, aadhipathyam nilanirthaanulla oru paramonnatha pithaavinte swaabhaavika avakaashathe adisthaanamaakki atharam adhikaarathinte swabhaavathe athu oru tharatthilum maattimarichillennu addeham abhiprayappettu. rajaavu manushyarude ellah niyanthranangalil ninnum poornnamaayum swathanthranaanu. thante mungaamikalude pravrithikalaal avanu baadhyasthanaakaan kazhiyilla; allengil svanthamaayi, kaaranam oru manushyan thanikoru niyamam nalkunnathu asaadyamaanu-oru niyamam matoraal athil baadhyasthanaaya vyakthiyude mail adichelppikkanam.
engleesh bharanaghadanaye sambandhichidatholam, nammude paramadhikaariyaaya karthaavaaya rajavineyum paarlamentineyum sparshichukond addeham thante "freeholdermaarude mahathaaya anweshanathil" (1648) karthaakkal rajaavinu maathrame upadesham nalkoo ennum paarlamentinte oordinansukal maathram nadappaakkukayum sammathikkukayum cheyyanamennum rajaavu maathramaan niyamangal nirmmikkunnathennum, athu avarude adikaaram poornnamaayum addehathinte ishtathil ninnu nedunnuvennum addeham paranju. janangal thangalude raajaavine vidhikkukayo sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayo cheiyunnathu bheeruthvamaanennu filmer karuthi, kaaranam avar swantham kaaryatthil vidhikarthaakkalaakum.
janaadhipathyathinte kadutha vimarshakanaayirunnu filmer. addehathinte abhipraayathil, purathana ethansile janadhipathyam yadhaarthathil oru "neethi-vyapara samvidaanamaayirunnu". eadhanikalkku orikkalum yadhaartha neethi ariyillaayirunnuvennum janakkoottathinte ishtam mathramaayirunnuvennum addeham avakashappettu. filmerude abhipraayathil saamrajyam sthaapithamaayathinushesham maathramaan purathana roome neethipoorvam bharichirunnathu.
sweekaranam.
maranananthara prasidheekaranam samayabandhithamaayathinaal filmerude sidhaanthathinu vyapakamaaya amgeekaaram labhichu. patriarcha" prasidheekarichu onpathu varshathinu sesham, simhaasanathil ninnu stuvarttukale purathaakkiya viplava samayat, joonn lokke daivika avakaashathe pinthunaykkunnavaril ninnu filmere ottappeduthukayum "gavanmentinte rund prabandhangalude" aadya bhaagath addehathe vyakthamaayi akramikkukayum cheythu. aadyathe "prabandham" addehathinte ellah vaadangalilekkum pookunnu, addehathinte vaadathinte aadya thathwangal nissaaramaayi edukkendi vannalum, moothavarude avakashangal palappozhum thallikkalanjathinaal aadhunika raajaakkanmaarkk adhikaarathinte anantharaavakaasham avakashappedaan kazhiyillennu filmer avakaashappedunnu.
filmerinte purushaadhipathya rajavaazhcha aljernon sidneyudeyum jaims tyralinteyum "patriarcha noonn-monarca" enna prasamgatthil lakshyamitirunnu.
1689 muthal 1720 vareyulla britiish rashtreeya samvaadathekkurichulla thante padanatthil joonn keniyan avakaashappettath, "eee nilapaadinekkurichulla eathoru pakshapatharahithamaaya padanavum kaanikkunnath aaa kaalaghattatthile ettavum swaadheenamulla chinthakan hobbs, loock allengil sidney allah, marichu filmaraayirunnu ennaanu. . . . rund lokkeshanukalum ullathukondu filmerinte swaadheenam alakkaan kazhiyum. . . oppam sidney. . . rashtreeya chinthaykku swathanthravum kriyathmakavumaaya sambhavanakal nalkunnathayirunnilla, aadya prasidheekaranathinu thottupinnaale ezhuthiya addehathinte "pithrusathaaka" thekkurichulla vipulamaaya nishedhangal. vaasthavathil, ennaal addehathe sambandhichidatholam eathenkilum pusthakam ezhuthappettirikkumo ennathu samshayakaramaan."
kween aan filmerinte bharanakaalathu addehathinte kruthikal punarujjeevippikkappedu. 1705-ll joorarallaatha chaals lesley aazhchappathippile "rihezhsalinte" thudarchayaaya panthrand lakkangal filmerude sidhaanthangal vishadeekarikkunnathinaayi neekkivaykkukayum avaa oru vaalyathil prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu.
prasidheekarikkappedaathu oru kayyezhuthuprathiyil jeremi bentham ezhuthi
filmerinte sarkkaarinte uthbhavam ellaayidathum udaaharanamaayi kaanapedunnu oru sthaapanathinteyum arivanusarichu lokkinte sarkkar padhathi evideyum udaaharanamaayi kaanapettitla. oro kudumbatthilum gavanmentum oro kudumbatthilum ettavum samboornnamaaya tharatthilulla keezhppettathum keezhppettathumaaya vishayangalundu pithaav, paramaadhikaari, amma, cheruppakkaar, prajakal. lokkinte padhathi anusarichu, oru sarkkar nirmmikkaan orumichu cherunnathuvare purushanmaarkk sarkkaarukalekkurich onnum ariyillaayirunnu. lokathekku varumbol thanikk praayamaayirunnilla ennu marannupokunnathra aazhathil oohaapohangalum yukthisahamaya yukthikalum lokke nadathiyittundu. . . . pithaavinteyum addehathinte sahaayiyudeyum pradhaanamanthriyudeyum adhikaarathin keezhil, oro manushya srishtiyum keezhppedaanulla prachodanam nedukayum keezhppetta oru sheelathilekku parisheelikkappedukayum cheiyunnu. ennaal, orikkal roopappetta seelam, athu oru vasthuvil ninnu mattonnilekku maattunnathinekkaal eluppamullathaayi onnumilla. muun aabhyanthara gavanment sthaapichittillenkil, rakthathinte maathram, orupakshe athinte oru neenda yaathraykk rashtreeya gavanment roopeekarikkaamaayirunnu.
daivika avakasha sidhaantham theliyikkunnathil filmer parajayappettuvennum ennaal "samboornna samathvathinteyum swaathanthryathinteyum samvidaanathinte bhauthika asadhyatha, swaathanthryamalla, keezhpedalaanu manushyante swaabhaavika avasthayennum" addeham theliyichuvennum bentham avakashappettu.
kudumbam.
addehathinte aadya makan sarr edward aaa swakaarya arayile manyanaayirunnu. 1668ll addeham marikkukayum eest sattan estettu addehathinte sahodaran robertinu kaimarukayum cheythu, avar kireedatthodulla pithaavinte vishwasthathayude bahumaanaartham 1674ll oru baaranat srishtichu. filmer baronettukal kaanuka. filmerinte moonnaamathe makan saamuval maria horsemandene vivaham kazhikkukayum taamasiyaathe kuttikalillaathe marikkunnathin munbu virgenia kolaniyil thaamasikkukayum cheythu.
pravrithikalude pattika.
freeholdermar" enna kruthiyude rachayithaav saadhaaranayaayi peettar laaslett roobert filmeranennu aaropikkunnu, ennaal samakaalika charitrakaaranaaya aanthani wood ithu roobert holbonanennu aaropikkunnu. 

