
samudra pravaham

kaatt, coriolis prabhavam, takarnna thiramaalakal, cabbeling, thaapanila, lavanatha vyathyaasangal ennivayulppede vellathil pravartthikkunna niravadhi sakthikalaal srishtikkappedunna samudrajalathinte thudarchayaaya, dishaabodhamulla chalanamaanu samudra pravaham. aazhathilulla rooparekhakal, theerarekha krameekaranangal, mattu pravaahangalumayulla edapedalukal enniva vaidyuthadhaarayude dishayeyum shakthiyeyum swaadheenikkunnu. samudra pravaahangal pradhaanamaayum thirashcheena jala chalanangalaan.
oru samudra pravaham valare doorathekku ozhukukayum avaa orumichu aagola kanveyar beltt srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu bhoomiyude pala pradeshangaludeyum kaalavastha nirnnayikkunnathil pradhana punk vahikkunnu. kooduthal vyakthamaayi paranjaal, samudra pravaahangal avaa sanjarikkunna pradeshangalude thapanilaye swaadheenikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, kooduthal mitasheetoshna theerangalil sanjarikkunna choodulla pravaahangal avaykku mukaliloode veeshunna kadalkkaatt choodaakki pradeshatthinte thaapanila vardhippikkunnu. orupakshe ettavum sradheyamaaya udaaharanam gulf aruviyaanu, ithu vadakkupadinjaaran europine athe akshaamshatthile mattu pradeshangale apekshichu uyarnna akshaamshathinu kooduthal mithasheethoshnamaakkunnu. mattoru udaaharanam peruvile limayaan, athinte thanutha uposhnamekhalaa kaalavastha humbolt karant kaaranam chuttumulla ushnamekhalaa akshaamshangalumaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. lokamembaadumulla kalavastha mekhalakaleyum kalavastha reethikaleyum swaadheenikkunna jalachalanathinte paattenukalaan samudra pravaahangal. avaa pradhaanamaayum kaattum kadaljala saandrathayum moolamaanu pravartthikkunnathu, ennirunnaalum avaa ozhukunna samudra thadatthinte aakruthiyum krameekaranavum ulppede mattu niravadhi gadakangal avaye swaadheenikkunnu. uparithala, aazhathilulla jala pravaahangal ennee rund adisthaana tharatthilulla pravaahangal grahathiludaneelamulla samudrajalathinte swabhaavavum ozhukkum nirvachikkaan sahayikkunnu.
kaaranagal.
samudrangalude chalanathmakatha samudrangalkkullile jalathinte chalanathe nirvachikkukayum vivarikkukayum cheiyunnu. samudra thapanilayeyum chalana mandalangaleyum moonnu vyathyastha paalikalaayi verthirikkaam mishrita (uparithala) paali, mukalile samudram (thermocline mukalil), aazhathilulla samudram. samudra pravaahangal alakkunnathu secondil 1 ezz. vii. vooliyam phloo rettinu thulyamaaya ezz. vii. aarr. drappinte (ezz. vii.) yoonittukalilaan.
uparithala samudra pravaahangal (uparithala samudra pravaahangalkk vipareethamaayi), samudrathile motham jalathinte 8 sathamaanam maathramaan, saadhaaranayaayi samudrajalathinte mukal bhaagath parimithappedutthiyirikku, koodaathe jalathinte saandrathaye badhikkunna vyathyastha thapanilayum lavanathvavum thaazhnna pradeshangalil ninnu verthirikkunnu, ithu oro samudra mekhalayeyum nirvachikkunnu. samudra thadangalile aazhathilulla jalathinte chalanam saandrathayaal nayikkappedunna shakthikalum guruthwaakarshanavum moolamundaakunnathinaal, aazhathilulla vellam saandrata vardhippikkaan paryapthamaaya thapanilayulla uyarnna akshamshangalil aazhathilulla samudra thadangalil mungunnu.
uparithala pravaahangal secondil meter (meter/seey) allengil nottu yoonittukalilaan alakkunnathu.
kaattil sanjarikkunna rakthachamkramanam.
uparithala samudra pravaahangal kaattinte pravahangalaal nayikkappedunnu, valia thothilulla kaatt pradhana sthiramaaya samudra pravaahangale nayikkunnu, koodaathe seasonal allengil idaykkide kaatt avaye nayikkunna kaattin samanamaaya sthirathayude pravaahangale nayikkunnu, koodaathe coriolis prabhavam avayude vikasanathil pradhana punk vahikkunnu. ikman sarppila vegathayude vitharanam chaalaka kaattin oru konil ozhukunna vaidyuthadhaarakalkku kaaranamaakunnu, avaa vadakkan ardhagolathil saadhaarana gadikaaradishayil sarpilakalum thekkan ardhagolathil ethir gadikaaradishayil bhramanavum vikasippikkunnu.
koodaathe, uparithala samudra pravaahangalude pradeshangal rithukkalkkanusarichu oru paridhivare neengunnu; bhoomadhyarekhayile pravahangalil ithu ettavum sradheyamaanu.
aazhathilulla samudra thadangalkku saadhaaranayaayi asamathwamillaatha uparithala vaidyuthadhaarayundu, ithil kizhakkan madhyarekhayilekku ozhukunna shaakha vishalavum vyaapikkunnathum dhruvathilekku ozhukunna padinjaaran athirthi vaidyuthadhaara thaarathamyena idungiyathum aanu.
termohalin rakthachamkramanam.
aazhathilulla samudra pravaahangal saandrathayum thaapanila gradiantukalum aanu nayikkunnath. eee termohalin sarkkuleshan samudrathinte kanveyar beltt ennum ariyappedunnu. chilappol antarvaahini nadikal ennu vilikkappedunna eee pravaahangal samudrathinte uparithalathinu thazheyaayi aazhathil ozhukukayum udanadi kandethunnathil ninnu maraykkappedukayum cheiyunnu. samudra pravaahangalude ganyamaaya lambamaya chalanam nireekshikkappedunnavil, ithine mukalilekkum thaazhekkum pookuka ennu vilikkunnu. 2000kalil argo enna anthaaraashtra paripadi vellathinadiyilulla robottukalude oru koottam upayogichu aazhathilulla samudra pravaahangalekkurichu gaveshanam aarambhichu.
uparithala thapavum shudhajala pravaahangalum srishtikkunna aagola saandrata gradiantukalaal nayikkappedunna valia thothilulla samudra rakthachamkramanathinte bhagamaanu termohalin sarkkuleshan. termohalin" enna naamavachakam uruthirinjathu "thermo-" ennathil ninnaan, thapanilaye soochippikkukayum "uppu ulladakkam soochippikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu samudrajalathinte saandrata nirnnayikkunna gadakangalaanu. kaattil sanjarikkunna uparithala pravaahangal (gulf stream polullava) bhoomadhyarekha atlaantik samudrathil ninnu dhruvathilekku sanjarikkukayum vazhiyil thanuppikkukayum oduvil uyarnna akshamshangalil mungukayum cheiyunnu (vadakkan atlaantik aazhathilulla jalam roopappedunnu). eee idathoornna vellam pinneedu samudra thadangalilekku ozhukunnu. athinte bhooribhaagavum thekkan samudrathilaanu sthithicheyyunnathenkilum ettavum pazhaya jalam (ekadesham 1000 varshathe gathagatha samayamulla) vadakkan pasafikkil kinarinu mukalilaanu. athinaal samudra thadangalkkidayil vipulamaaya kalarcha nadakkunnu, avaa thammilulla vyathyaasangal kuraykkukayum bhoomiyude samudrangale oru aagola samvidaanamaakki maattukayum cheiyunnu. avarude yaathrayil, jala pindangal oorjjavum (thaapatthinte roopathil) dravyavum (kharapadaarthangal, alinja padaarthangal, vaathakangal) lokamembaadum kondupookunnu. athinaal, rakthachamkramanathinte avastha bhoomiyude kaalaavasthayil valia swaadheenam cheluthunnu. termohalin sarkkuleshane chilappol ooshyan kanveyar beltt, grettu ooshyan kanveyar allengil global kanveyar beltt ennu vilikkunnu. chila sandarbhangalil, meritional overtaining sarkkuleshane (mooku) soochippikkaan ithu krithyamaayi upayogikkunnilla.
vitharanam.
artic samudrathile pravaahangal
atlaantik samudrathile pravaahangal
indian mahaasamudrathile pravaahangal
pasaphik samudrathile pravaahangal
thekkan samudrathile pravaahangal
samudrathile geyrukal
kaalaavasthayilum paristhithiyilum undaakunna prathyaaghaathangal.
samudra avashishtangalekkurichula padanatthil samudra pravaahangal pradhaanamaan, thirichum. eee pravaahangal lokamembaadumulla thapanilayeyum badhikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, vadakkan atlaantik muthal vadakkupadinjaaran europe vare chooduvellam konduvarunna samudra pravaham kadaltheerangalil aise roopappedunnathil ninnu mothatthilum saavadhaanathilum thadayunnu, ithu kappalukale ulnaadan jalapaathakalilum thuramukhangalilum praveshikkunnathilum purathukadakkunnathilum ninnu thadayunnu, athinaal samudra pravaahangal avaa ozhukunna pradeshangalude kaalaavasthaye swaadheenikkunnathil nirnaayaka punk vahikkunnu. dhruva, upadhruva pradeshangalil ninnu ozhukunna thanutha samudrajala pravaahangal samudra aavaasavyavasthayile niravadhi pradhana kadal jeevikalude thudarchayaaya nilanilppin nirnayakamaaya dhaaraalam plaanktanukal konduvarunnu. plankton malsyangalude bhakshanamayathinaal, eee pravaahangal nilanilkkunnidathu dhaaraalam malsyangal vasikkunnu.
pala jeevajaalangaludeyum vyaapanathil samudra pravaahangal valare pradhaanamaan. europian eelinte jeevitachakram oru udaaharanamaanu.
saambathika praadhaanyam.
kappal gathaagathachelavu kuraykkunnathinu uparithala samudra pravaahangalekkurichulla arivu athyaavasyamaanu, kaaranam avaykkoppam yaatra cheiyunnathu indhanachelavu kuraykkunnu. kaattil pravartthikkunna kappal-kappal kaalaghattatthil, kaattinte reethikalekkurichum samudra pravaahangalekkurichum arivu kooduthal anivaryamaayirunnu. naavikar indiayil athunnathil ninnu erekkaalam thadanjirunna agulhaz pravaahamaan (kizhakkan aafrikkayiludaneelam) ithinu oru nalla udaaharanam. sameepakaalath, lokamembaadumulla kappal malsaraarthikal vegatha nirmmikkunnathinum nilanirthunnathinum uparithala pravaahangal nannayi upayogikkunnu.
samudra vaidyutha ulppaadanathinum samudra pravaahangal upayogikkaam, jappan, florida, havaay ennee pradeshangal pareekshana padhathikalkkaayi pariganikkunnu.