
belvoirinte manthravaadinikal

englandil manthravaadatthinte peril kuttaropitharaaya oru amayum avarude rund penmakkalum, rund yuvasahodaranmaaraaya henry (maranam 1613), francis maannezhs (maranam 1620) ennivarude maranavum, belvoire kottayil irippidamaayirunna rutlandile aaraamathe earlinte francis maantezhsinte anantharaavakaashikalumaayirunnu belvoirinte manthravaadinikal. joonn flover enna amma vichaaranayilekkulla vazhimadhye marikkukayum maargarattineyum philippa linkenil thookkikkollendivariyum cheythu. philipa kaavalkkaarkk mayakkumarunnu nalkukayum rakshappedukayum kentilekku pookukayum cheythathayi parayappedunnu, avide moonnu kuttikalundaayathine thudarnnu avar marichu.
bottisfordinte pookkal.
kadinamaaya samayangalil" veenupoya oru praadeshika kudumbatthil ninnulla "joonn, maargarat, philippa pushpangal" aushadha chikilsakar "ennariyappettirunnu. jaims onnaaman raajaavinte varaanirikkunna sandarshanathinu adhika jeevanakkaare aavashyamullappol linkanshayarile graandatthinaduthulla belvoire kottayil aaraamathe earlilum kaundessilum rutlandile sevakar aayi avar jolie sweekarichu, ennaal sahodarimaarum avarude amayum mattu jeevanakkarodu athrayadikam janapreeti nediyirunnilla, koodaathe moshanathekkurichum duraachaarangalekkurichum nirddeshangal undaayirunnu. movereyum puratthaakkukayum joninu maathram "40 shillingukal, oru bolsttar (thalayina), oru kambili metha" enniva nalkukayum cheythu.
pookkal pottia sesham, "chharddiyum virayalum" moolam earlum kaundasum rogabaadhitharaayi. avarude makan anantharaavakaashiyumaaya henry, baaran dii rooss, 1613 septambar 26nuu marikkukayum samskarikkappedukayum cheythu. avarude ilaya makkalaya francis makal catherine, samanamaaya durithangal anubhavikkukayum francis 1620 march 7nuu marikkukayum cheythu. rund aankuttikaludeyum maranathil oru purusha anantharaavakaashiyumillaathe erl avasheshikkukayum 1632ll swantham maranashesham erldom addehathinte sahodaran kaimarukayum cheythu.
manthravaadatthinte kuttam.
henriyude maranathinu moonnu varshathinu sesham, 1616 juulai 16 nuu, oru kochukutty manthravaadam cheythathinu ombathu sthreekale leishireil manthravaadinikalaayi thookkilettukayum pookkalude kesil samanamaaya kuttangalil poochakale kudumbakkarayi nilanirthiyathaayi parayappedukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, belvoire kottayil ninnu pookkal valicheriyukayum avarude randaamathe makan fraansisinte maranathethudarnnu anchu varshathinu sesham 1618 leeii chrismasinu munbu rutlandukal avare arast cheyyukayum praadhamika parishodhanakalkk sesham 1619 februvariyil rutlandile earl, hoonn avare arast cheyyukayum cheythu. roobert berty, loard villoby dii eresby, sarr jorjju maanezhs, sarr vilyam pelham, sarr henry haastings, purohitan saamuval fleming, mattullavar ennivare linkon gavalilekku kondupokanam.
arast cheyyappettappol joonn flover thante niraparaadhithvam prakhyaapichu. aval oru palliyil pokunnavalaanennu ariyapettirunnilla, pakshe ankaasttaril, linkanile jayililekkulla yaathraamadhye, divyakaarunyathinu pakaramaayi aval appam aavasyappettu. ithrayum anugraheethamaaya entho oru manthravaadiniykku dahippikkaan kazhiyillennu avar avakashappettu. aadyathe kadiyettathinushesham aval shwaasammuttukayum marikkukayum cheythu.
linkenil vachu maargarat thante ammaye manthravaadatthinu kuttappedutthi, athesamayam philippa tanikkum maargarattinum joninum vendi manthravaadatthil earppettathaayi sammathichu. thangalude padhathikalil thangale sahaayicha parichitha aathmaakkalumaayi thangal koottaaymayil earppettathaayi sahodarimaar paranju. rutterkin" enna poocha ammaykku parichithamaayirunnu. loard rosinte kayyura moshtichathaayi sthreekal sammathikkukayum athu ammaykku nalkukayum avar athu thilaykkunna vellathil mukki rattarkinte purakil thatti kuthukayum cheythu. chila manthrangalumaayi chernnu ithu loard rosinu asukham vannu marikkaan kaaranamaayi. rutterkin" nuu avalude mail adhikaaramillenn kandethiyappol, erlinte makalaaya catherine enna sthriye upadravikkaanulla sramam parajayappettu. sthreekal ratlaandinte kidakkayile methayil ninnu kurachu thoovalukalum oru jodi kayyurakalum eduthirunnu. iva rakthathil kalarthiya vellathil thilappichukondu avar karnnavum kaundasum kooduthal kuttikal undakaathirikkaan manthrangal prayogikkunnu. pishaachukkalude darshanangal anubhavichathaayum avarude parichithamaaya athmaakkal thangale sandarshikkukayum avarude shareerangalil valichedukkukayum cheythathaayum rund sthreekalum sammathichu.
mattullavar prathikalaanu.
parishodhanaykkide, avare sahaayicha mattu sthreekalude perukal avar velippeduthi bottisfordile aan baker; godbiyile john villimot; staatharnile ellen green.
moonnu sthreekaleyum parishodhanaykk vidheyaraakkukayum avarkkum darshanangalundennum parichithamaaya aathmaakkalumaayi sahavasikkunnuvennum velippeduthi. thante parichithaye "sundariyennu" vilichathayum thante muun yajamanan oru yakshiyude roopathil avalude vaayil oothivechathaayum pinneedu thante aathmaavine upekshikkaan aavasyappetta oru sthreeyude roopathil veendum prathyakshappettathayum villimot paranju. oru manthravaadiniyekkaal thandrashaaliyaaya sthreeyaayaan villimot kooduthal saakshyam vahichathu, aval sukhappeduthaan shramicha aalukalude aarogyathekkurichu anweshikkaan "sundariyaaya" avale sahayichu ennu maathram paranju
oru poochakkutty oru "moldwarpinteyum" (moll) roopathil rund aathmaakkale villimot srishtichathaayi paranja oru maratthilekku villimottinoppam thaan kadannuvennu green avakashappettu, athu avalude tholil kayari cheviyil valichu. thaan tharkkicha oru purushan sthriyeyum kollan green eee kudumbamgangale ayachu, randaazhchaykkullil iruvarum marichu. oru velutha naayayude roopathil parichithamaaya oru naaya svanthamaakkiyathaayi baker sammathichuvenkilum avalude saakshikalil bhooribhaagavum aval kanda darshanangalekkurichaanu.
anantharafalangalum paarambaryavum.
maargarattineyum philippa pookkaleyum pothu harjikalude cheef justice henry hobartinum khajanaavinte baaran edward bromlick munnil vichaarana cheyyukayum kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethukayum cheythu. 1619 march 11nuu maargarattine linkon kottayil thookkikkonnu.
aaa varsham thanne 'jii' achadicha "linkenshare manthravaadinikalaaya joyan floverinteyum avarude rund penmakkaludeyum moshamaaya achaarangal" enna oru balled. joonn baarnasinte eld prathyakshappettu.
manthravaadatthinte falamaayi thangalude makkal kollappettuvennu erlum kaundasum boatisford palliyile avarude smaarakathil alekhanam cheythuvennu bodhyappettu. athinte bhaagikaroopam iprakaaramaanu
1953-ll hilda levis oru charitraparamaaya pranayam prasidheekarichu, "dhii vichu aandu dhii preest", athil saamuval fleming pookkalude pareekshakalkk melnottam vahicha purohitan joonn pushpatthinte prethavum thammilulla sambhaashanangalude oru parambara ulppedunnu.
1623ll buckingham prabhuvayi janicha leisheyaril janicha jorjju villiyezhs enna raajaavinte priyappetta jaims onnaaman aanu pookkal roopappeduthiyathennu 2013ll charitrakaaranaaya tracey borman abhiprayappettu. williermark rutlandinte makal catherine enna sthriye vivaham kazhikkaan padhathiyundennum avarude rund sahodaranmaar marichathode avarkk eee padavi avakashappettuvennum bormaante sidhaantham parayunnu. borman vaadikkunnathu 'thaan avare visham nalki-thudarnnu thante kuttabodham marachuvekkaan oru pukamanju screen srishtikkaan joonn flowerineyum avalude rund penmakkaleyum manthravaadinikalaayi roopappeduthi' ennaanu. pookkalude sahodarimaare vadhichathinusesham, williermar 1620 meyy 16 nuu ratlaandinte eaka anantharaavakaashiyaaya catherine enna sthriye vivaham kazhichu.

