
ravennayude apolynaris

ravennayile apolynaris (πολιναρις, "apolynarios", laattin "apolynaris") oru syrian vishudhanaanu, addehathe roman rakthasaakshithvam visheshippikkunnathu "paarambaryamanusarichu, kristhuvinte kandethaanaavaatha sambathu raajyangalkkidayil pracharippikkumbol, thante attin koottatthe oru nalla idayanaayi nayikkukayum raavennaykkaduthulla classis palliye mahathaaya rakthasaakshithvathiloode aadarikkukayum cheytha oru bishappaan" ennaanu."
jeevacharitram.
orupakshe roma pravisyayaaya syriayile anthiyokya aayirunnirikkam addehathinte janmasthalam ennu urappilla. kristhuvinte ezhupathirandu shishyanmaril oraalaayirunnuvenn urappilla, ennaal addeham vishudha peettarinte shishyanaayirikkaam, addeham addehathe vishudhanaakkukayum, eiii 41 muthal 54 vare naalaamathe roman chakravarthiyaaya claudius chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu ravennayude aadya bishappayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythirikkaam.dii. bishappayi addeham prathishtikkappetta krithyamaaya theeyathi nirnnayikkaan kazhiyilla. emilia-romagnayile suvisheshavathakarana pravarthanatthinaayi addeham svayam samarppichu. ravenna bishappayi irupathiyaaru varshathe bharanakaalathu addeham eathaandu nirantharamaaya peedanam nerittu.
randaam noottaandile kristhyan likhithangal classinaduthu kandethiyittundu, ithu valare aadyakaalakhattathil thanne ravennayil kristhumathatthinte saannidhyam sthireekarikkunnu. bishop marianus (546-556) samaaharicha ravennayile bishappumaarude pattika prakaram, ravennayile panthrandaamatthe bishappin severus ennu perittu; 343-ll sardica kaunsilil oppuvachavaril oraalaan addeham. athinaal, vishudha appolynaarisinte yugam randaam noottaandinte avasana dashakangalil kanakkakkaam, ithu addehathinte rakthasaakshithvam septimiyas severus chakravartthiyude keezhil nirtthiyekkaam.
passio sancti apolynaris" charitraparamaaya budhimuttukal avatharippikkunnu. romile oru paridhivare svayambharanaadhikaaram nedaanulla shramathil thante seeyude aadyakaala uthbhavavum vishudha peettarumaayulla bandhavum prakadippikkaan aagrahicha ravennayile aarch bishop moras (642-671) aayirikkam ithu ezhuthiyathu. (666-ll koonstans randaaman chakravarty romile anumathiyillathe bishappine prathishtikkaan ravenna anuvadichukondu bishop morasinte abhyarthana amgeekarikkukayum aaa nagaram thante adutha prathinidhiyaya exaarkkinte aasthaanamaayathinaal ravennayile aarch bishappinte mail maarppaappaykk adhikaaraparidhiyillenn prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.)
parambaraagatha vivaranam.
apolynaris nadatthiya athbhuthangal taamasiyaathe audyogika shradha aakarshichu, kaaranam avayum addehathinte prasamgavum vishwaasathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappetta niravadhi pere nedi, athesamayam vigrahaaraadhakarude kopam addehathil konduvannu, avar addehathe krooramaayi marddikkukayum nagaratthil ninnu puratthaakkukayum cheythu. kadaltheerathu paathi maricha nilayil kandethukayum kristhyaanikal olippichuvekkukayum cheythenkilum veendum pidikkappedukayum kathunna kalkkariyiloode nadakkaan nirbandhitharaakukayum randaam thavana purathaakkappedukayum cheythu. ennaal addeham sameepat thanne thudarukayum suvisheshavathakarana pravartthanam thudarukayum cheythu.
thudarnnu addeham emiliayilekku yaatra cheythu. moonnaam thavanayum addeham raavananilekk madangi. veendum pidikkappedukayum marddikkukayum peedippikkukayum changalakal niracha oru nilavarayilekku pattini kidannu marikkaan eriyappedukayum cheythu; ennaal naalu divasathinu sesham addehathe oru kappalil kayatti greasylake ayachu. avide prasamgangal, athbhuthangal, kashtappaadukal ennivayude athe gathi thudarnnu; addehathinte saannidhyam thanne daivagrandhangal nishabdamaayitheernnappol, krooramaaya mardhanathinu sesham addehathe italiyilekku thirichayachu.
ithellaam moonnu varsham thudarnnu, naalam thavanayum addeham raavananilekk madangi. eee samayamaayappozhekkum vespassian chakravarthiyaayi, purajaatheeyarude parathikalkk marupadiyaayi addeham kristhyaanikalkkethire naadukadatthal utharavu purappeduvichu. apolynaris kurachukaalathekku marachuvekkappettu, pakshe nagaratthinte kavaadangalil ninnu kadannupokumbol, orupakshe oru praanthapradeshamaaya classisil vachu avane marddikkukayum krooramaayi marddikkukayum cheythu, ennaal peedanangal vardhikkumennu pravachichukondu ezhu divasam jeevichu, pakshe sabha aathyanthikamayi vijayikkumennu. 
aaradhana.
addehathinte prasthaanam nagaraparidhikkappurathekku athivegam vyaapichu. poppu simmachas (498-514) oonariyas I (625-638) umm romilek athinte vyaapanathe prothsaahippichu, athesamayam frankish rajaavaaya clovis dijaninu sameepamulla apolynarisinu oru palli samarppichu. germmaniyil ithu benedikttin, commaldolese ashramangal moolam vyaapichu. palasso dell podesta pradeshathe bolognayil oru pally addehathinu samarppichirunnuvenkilum 1250ll athu polichumaatti.
utsavadinam.
trisula kalandaril addehathinte perunnaal dinam juulai 23 aanu, addeham rakthasaakshithvam varichuvennu aaropikkappedunna divasam, addehathinte perunnaal erattiyaanu. innathe pothu roman kalandar eee divasam sweedante vishudha bridjattinaayi samarppikkunnu, kaaranam avar maricha divasam koodiyaanu, europile rakshaadhikaarikalaaya vishudharil oralaaya avar ippol padinjaaru sent apolynaarisinekkaal kooduthal ariyappedunnu. lokamembaadumulla vishudha appolynaarisinte virunnukalude parimithamaaya praadhaanyam kaaranam, addehathinte aaraadhanaaparamaaya aakhosham 1969 ll pothu roman kalandaril ninnu neekkam cheyyappettu, pakshe vishudharude audyogika pattikayaya roman rakthasaakshithvathil ninnu allah. 2002-leeii roman misalinte pathippil addehathinte smaarakam pothu roman kalandarilekku punasthaapichu, aaghosha theeyathi mattu aakhoshangalumaayi edukkaatha ettavum adutha divasamaaya juulai 20 aayi maatti. roman rakthasaakshithvathil juulai 20-num (mukalil udharicha vaachakathodoppam) juulai 23-num vishudha apolynarisinekkurichu paraamarsikkunnu.
avashishtangal.
addehathinte rakthasaakshithvathinte parambaraagatha sthalamaaya classile saant appolinaareyile basilikkayilaan addehathinte avashishtangal sookshichirunnathu. 856-ll, adriatic theerathu pathivayi kadalkkollakkar nadathunna reydukal uyarthunna bheeshani kaaranam avare ravennayile saant appolinare newoyude basilicayilekku maatti. appolynaarisukalude avashishtangalum () ll undu. adhika avashishtangal rimajan enna apolynaarisirchilaanu sookshichirikkunnathu.
achan, birtshade, jarmmani ennividangalil addehathinaayi samarppichirikkunna pallikalundu, avide addehathinte aaradhana orupakshe benedikttain sanyasimar pracharippichirikkaam. frankish rajaavaaya clovis dijonil thanikkayi samarppicha oru palli nirmmichu, vishudha apolynarisinu samarppicha mattoru palli bolognayil nilavilundaayirunnu, pakshe 1250-ll nasippikkappettu. bohemia duke borivoj randaaman, sadskayile (annathe check samsthaanathinte oru pradhana kendram) vishudha apolynarisinu samarppicha oru collegiat adhyayamulla oru palli sthaapichu. vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya chaals ivalsinu vendi, eee adhyayam pinneedu sadskayil ninnu aduthide 1362-ll puthiya pattanamaya praaguvilekku maattukayum avide nirmmicha mattoru sent apolynaris pally. bohemiayile eee rund pallikalum innum nilakollunnu. 1957ll vishudhane aaradhikkunna oru palli. kaaliforniyayile naapayilaan apolynaris sthaapithamaayathu.
rakshaakarthruthvam.
ravennayudeyum emilia-romagnayudeyum rakshaadhikaariyaanu apolynaris. germmaniyile dasseldorfinte rakshaadhikaari vishudhan koodiyaanu addeham. prashastha atbhutha pravarthakanaaya sent apolynaris sandhivatham, laingika rogam, apasmaram ennivaykkethire prathyekichum phalapradamaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu.
iconography.
oru idaya vadi, eenthappana, palium enniva upayogichu vishudha apolynarasine prathinidheekarikkunnu. sent appolynaarisinte katha cathedral seyint-piyari-ettu-seyint-pooll dii troisile karayulla glassilaanu parayunnath.