
daaridryam alakkunnu

sarkkar, sarkkarithara samghadanakal daaridryathe vyathyastha reethikalil alakkunnu. alavukal kevalamayirikkaam, athu sandarbhathe aashrayichirikkunna orotta staanderdine allengil aapekshikathe paraamarsikkunnu. vishalamaaya saamoohika-rashtreeya prakriyakalkkullil sthithicheyyunna saamoohikavum swaabhaavikavum saambathikavumaaya gadakangal ulkkollunna bahumukhamaanu daaridryam ennu parakke manassilaakkappedunnu. paavappettavarude daaranakal pidichedukkunnathu daaridryam manassilaakkunnathin adisthaanamaanennu sheshikalude sameepanam vaadikkunnu.
sharashari kudumba varumaanathinte 60 shathamaanathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla aapekshika daaridryarekhayaanu oo. iii. dii. yilum europian unionilum upayogikkunna pradhana daaridryarekha. yunaittad stetts yuu adisthaanamaakkiyulla samboornna daaridrya nadapadi upayogikkunnu.ezz. kaarshika vakuppinte "sambadvyavastha bhakshya padhathi", panapperuppatthinaayi krameekarichirikkunnu. locabank daaridryathe samboornna padangalil nirvachikkunnu. prathidinam 1.9 dollaril thaazhe varumaanamullavaraan kadutha daaridryam ennu ithu nirvachikkunnu. (ppp), "mithamaaya daaridryam" prathidinam $3.1 ll thaazhe. 
2008ll 1.4 bilyan aalukalkk prathidina upabhogam 1.25 dollaril thazheyaayirunnuvennum 2.7 bilyan aalukal prathidinam 2 dollaril thaazheyaan jeevichathennum kanakkaakkappedunnu.
samboornnavum aapekshikavumaya daaridryam.
alakkumbol, daaridryam kevalamo aapekshikamo aakam. kaalakramena raajyangalkkidayil sthirathayulla oru nischitha maanadandatheyaanu samboornna daaridryam soochippikkunnathu. manushyashareerathe nilanirthaan aavashyamaayathinekkaal kuranja bhakshanam kazhikkunna janasamkhyayude sathamaanamaanu (prathidinam ekadesham 2000-2500 kalori) oru samboornna alavinte udaaharanam.
thaarathamyena daaridryam, saamoohikamaayi nirvachikkappettathum saamoohika pashchaathalatthe aashrayikkunnathumaayi daaridryathe kaanunnu. janasamkhyayude moonnilonnu daridrarude motham sambathine janasamkhyayude oru sathamaanam sambannarude motham sambathinoppam thaarathamyam cheyyuka ennathaanu oru aapekshika alavu. eee saahacharyathil, daridraraayi kanakkaakkappedunnavarude ennam vardhikkumbol avarude varumanam vardhikkum. niravadhi vyathyastha varumaana asamathva alavukal undu; oru udaaharanam jini gunakam aanu.
vikaswara rajyangalil samboornna daaridryam kooduthalaanengilum lokamembaadum daaridryavum asamathvavum nilanilkkunnu.
alavukal.
saambathika akalam" adisthaanamaakkiyulla aapekshika daaridrya alavukolaanu oo. iii. dii. yilum europian unionilum upayogikkunna pradhana daaridryarekha, varumaanathinte oru nilavaaram saadhaaranayaayi sharashari kudumba varumaanathinte 60 shathamaanamaayi nischayikkunnu.
ithinu vipareethamaayi, america samboornna daaridryaparidhi upayogikkunnu. yuu. ezz. daaridryarekha srishtikkappettathu <aii. dii. 1> ll aanu, athu yuu. esinte dollar vilaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.ezz. kaarshika vakuppinte "sambadvyavasthayude bhakshyapadhathi" moonnu gadakangalaal gunichu. bhakshyachelavu annu panavarumaanatthinte moonnilonnu aayirunnuvennu kaanikkunna gaveshanathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu gunakam. eee ottathavana kanakkukoottal pinneedu panapperuppatthinaayi varsham thorum update cheyyappedunnu.
yuu.ezz. line valare uyarnnatho valare thaazhnnatho aanennu vimarshikkappettittundu. udaaharanathinu, heritteju foundeshan, oru yaadhaasthithika yuu.ezz. think tank, yuu anusarichu, eee vasthuthaye ethirkkunnu.ezz. sensus beuro, yuu. esil daaridryathilaanennu nirvachichavaril 46 sathamaanavum.ezz. svanthamaayi oru veedu (sharashari pavapetta vyakthiyude veettil moonnu kidappumurikalum onnara kulimuri oru garej ulla). saambathika shaasthranjanaaya ellen frankineppolulla mattullavar, 1950kalil eee nadapadi nadappaakkiyappol chelavazhichathinekkaal kudumbangal avarude motham bajattinte valare kurachu maathramaan bhakshanathinaayi chelavazhikkunnathenathil daaridryapramaanam valare kuravaanennu vaadikkunnu. koodaathe, federal daaridrya sthithivivarakkanakkukal bhawana, gathagatham, yoottilittikal thudangiya bhakshyethara chelavukalile vyaapakamaayi vyathyaasappedunna praadeshika vyathyaasangalkk kaaranamakunnilla.
samboornnavum aapekshikavumaya daaridrya nadapadikal saadhaaranayaayi oru vyakthiyude vaarshika varumaanathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, mathramalla palappozhum motham sambathu kanakkakkunnilla. ithu saambathika kshematthinte oru pradhana gadakathe avaganikkunnuvennu chilar vaadikkunnu. eee mekhalayile pradhana sambhavavikasangalum gaveshanangalum soochippikkunnathu pradhaanamaayum sambathu allengil kalori upabhogathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla daaridryathinte oru dimensional alavukal gurutharamaaya kuravaanennaanu. kaaranam, daaridryam palappozhum pala mekhalakalilum nashtappeduka ulkkollunnu, athu sambavumaayi nannayi bandhappettirikkanamennila. sambathu ulppedaatha oru alavukolinte udaaharanamaanu adisthaana aavashyangalilekkulla praveshanam. shudhajalam, bhakshanam, paarppidam, vasthram ennivayaanu daaridryam alakkaan upayogikkaavunna adisthaana aavasyangal. adisthaana aavasyangal niravettaan mathiyaya varumanam aalukalkk undakamenkilum athu vivekathode upayogikkillennu theliyikkappettittund. athupole, mathiyaya sakthamaaya saamoohika shringalakalo saamoohika sevana samvidaanangalo nilavilundenkil valare daridraraaya aalukalkk nashtam sambhavikkilla. aazhathilulla charchakalkku, bahumukha daaridryathekkurichu wikipedia lekhanavum kaanuka.
soochakangal.
soochika varumanam.
aanukoolyangal
.. sarkkar vibhavangal anuvadikkunnathinu sahayikkuka
poraaymakal
soochika chelavu.
aanukoolyangal
poraaymakal
dhanakaaryamallaatha soochakangal.
samboornna daaridryathinte mattu dhanakaarya soochakangalum mechappedukayaanennu gaii fefermanepolulla chila saambathika vidagdhar parayunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham vikaswara rajyangalil aayurdairkhyam valareyadhikam vardhikkukayum mechappeduthal cheruthaaya vikasita rajyangalumaayulla vidavu nikathaan thudangukayum cheiyunnu. ettavum kuranja vikasita mekhalayaaya sub-saharan aafrikkayil polum, aayurdairkhyam randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbulla 30 varshathil ninnu ekadesham 50 varshathe ettavum uyarnna nilayilekku uyarnnu-echuaivi pakarchavyaadhiyum mattu rogangalum athine nilavile 47 varshathilekku nirbandhithamaakkaan thudangunnathinu munbu. lokathile ellah vikaswara pradeshangalilum sisumarananirakku kuranju. prathidinam 2,200 kaloriyil (9,200 kilojool) thaazheyulla aalohari bhakshya vitharanam ulla rajyangalil thamasikkunna loka janasamkhyayude anupatham 1960 kalude madhyathil 56 sathamaanathil ninnu 1990 kalode 10 sathamaanathil thazheyaayi kuranju. 1950num 1999num idayil aagola saksharatha lokathinte 52 shathamaanathilninn 81 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. sthreekalaanu eee vidavinte bhooribhaagavum nirvahichatha purusha saaksharathayude shathamaanamenna nilayil sthree saksharatha 1970ll 59 sathamaanathil ninnu 2000ll 80 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. thozhil shakthiyil illaatha kuttikalude sathamaanavum 1960ll 76 sathamaanathil ninnu 2000ll 90 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. aalohari vaidyuthi, kaarukal, radiokal, telephonukal ennivayude kaaryatthil samanamaaya pravanathakalum shudhajalam labhyamaakunna janasamkhyayude anupaathavum undu.
kudumbakshemathinulla mattu nadapadikal.
varumaanavum chelavukalum krithyamaayi alannalum, eee nadapadikalonnum vasthunishtamaayi kshemam kanikkunnilla. udaaharanathinu, ozhivusamayangal, pothusaadhanangal, aarogya samrakshanam, vidyaabhyaasam, samadhaanavum surakshyum polum ithil ulppedunnu. oraalkk kalori upabhogam ennathaanu oru maanadandam. eee maanadandamanusarichu, janasamkhyayude ethra sathamaanam pattini anubhavikkunnuvenn namukk kaanaan kazhiyum. sharashari paridhi ekadesham 2,100 kalorianengilum athu oro vyakthikkum vyathyaasappedunnu. ithu praayam, lingabhedam muthalaayavaye aasrayichirikkunnu. varumaanathinte ethra sathamaanam naam bhakshya upabhogathinaayi chelavazhikkunnu? oru raajyam ethratholam vikasikkunnuvo athratholam bhakshanathinaayi naam chelavazhikkunna bajatt cheruthaanennu gaveshanangal kaanikkunnu. eee alavukolinte poraayma, bhakshanathinte gunanilavaarathilum athu oro vyakthiyude upabhogathilum aalukal thaarathamyena vyathyaasappettirikkunnu ennathaanu. inputtukalekkaal phalangal alakkunnu. bhakshanathinte alavinekkaal naam naravamshashaasthraparamaaya avasthayil (bharam kurravaayathu muthalaayava) shradha kendreekarikkanam.). eee alavu sarikkum kudumbatthinte gunanilavaaram kaanikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, deseeyathakal alavil vyathyasamullathinaal samsthaanangalo bhookhandangalo thammilulla thaarathamyathinu ithu upayogikkaan kazhiyilla. daaridryam engane vilayiruthaam ennathinekkurichulla avasana ashayam pouranmaar thammilulla theerumaanamaanu. udaaharanathinu, viyatnaamil chila graamangale daaridryathil ninnu sahayam aavasyamulla aalukal thanne vidhikkunnu. eee lalithamaaya pariharam evideyengilum pravartthikkunnundena, ithu palappozhum vividha swaadheenangalaal valachodikkappedunnu. churukkatthil, janasamkhyayude shemathinu anuyojyamaaya oru nadapadiyum ithuvare undayittilla. ithu alavu avasanippikkunnathinulla oru vaadamalla, marichu pishakukal kuraykkaanum kazhiyunnathra gadakangal kanakkiledukkanumulla oru munnariyippaanu.
nirvachanangal.
locabank daaridryathe nirvachikkunnath samboornnamaaya padangalilaanu. prathidinam 1.9 dollaril thaazhe varumaanamullavaraan kadutha daaridryam ennu baank nirvachikkunnu. (ppp), "mithamaaya daaridryam" prathidinam $3.1 ll thaazhe. 2008ll 1.4 bilyan aalukalkk prathidina upabhogam 1.25 dollaril thazheyaayirunnuvennum 2.7 bilyan aalukal prathidinam 2 dollaril thaazheyaan jeevichathennum kanakkaakkappedunnu. kadutha saambathika daaridryathil jeevikkunna vikaswara raajyangalile janasamkhyayude anupatham 1990-ll 28 sathamaanathil ninnu 2001-ll 21 shathamaanamaayi kuranju. kizhakk, thekke eshyayilaanu bhooribhaagam mechappeduthalukalum sambhavichathu. sub-saharan aafrikkayil jii. dii. pii/aalohari 14 shathamaanamaayi churungi, kadutha daaridryam 1981-ll 41 sathamaanathil ninnu 2001-ll 46 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. mattu pradeshangalil kaaryamaaya mattamonnum undayittilla. 1990kalude thudakkathil europinteyum madhyeshyayudeyum parivartthana sambadvyavasthakal varumaanathil kuthane idivu nerittu. daaridryanirakku kurayaan thudangunnathinu munbu dashakathinte avasaanathil 6 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. eee alavukalekkurichu vimarsanangalundu.
pothuvaaya daaridrya alavukal.
head kaundu soochika.
pavapetta janasamkhyayude anupaathathe soochippikkunna vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna alavukolaanu headcound indux (pioo). ennirunnaalum pavappettavar ethra daridraraanennu ithu soochippikkunnilla.
soothravaakyam formula _ 1, ivide np ennathu daridrarude ennavum n ennathu motham janasamkhyayumaanu.
udaaharanam 1000 pere sample cheiyunna oru sarveyil 10 perr daridraraanengil, appol poow = <aii. dii. 1> = 0.01 = 1 sathamaanam
ithu palappozhum thiruthiyezhuthunnathinu sahayikkunnu
formula _ 2, ivide, i (·) ennathu oru indikkettar functionaanu, athu bracketed expression shariyaanenkil 1 nte moolyavum allengil 0 umm edukkunnu. athinaal chelavu (yi) daaridryarekha (z) nekkaal kurravaanengil, i (·) ennathu 1 nuu thulyavum kudumbatthe daridraraayi kanakkakkum. 
eee soochika manassilakkaan eluppamaanu, pakshe ithinu kurachu poraaymakalundu. athu daaridryanirakku kanikkunnilla. koodaathe, jeevanakkaarude ennam soochika daridrar ethra daridraraanennu kanikkunnilla. mathramalla, eee kanakk vyakthikaleyalla, kudumbangaleyaanu kanakkaakkunnath.
daaridrya vidavu soochika (pii1).
daaridryarekhaykku thaazheyulla sharashari dooramaanu daaridryarekhayude anupatham, avide sharashari motham janasamkhyaye marikadakkunnu, daridrarallaathavarkku daaridrya vidavu illennu kanakkakkunnu.
soochika pravartthanam upayogichu, namukk undu formula _ 3, avide daaridrya vidavu (jii) daaridryarekha (isad) pavapetta vyakthikalkk yadhaartha varumanam (vaii) kuravaanu; eee vidavu matellaavarkkum poojyamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
veendum ezhuthaam formula _ 4 
daaridryarekhayude anupaathathil vyakthikal daaridryarekhaykku (daaridrya vidavu) thaazheyaakunnathine daaridrya vidavu soochika soochippikkunnu. eee daaridrya vidavukal sangrahikkunnathiloode daaridryam illaathaakkunnathinulla ettavum kuranja chelavu naam nedunnu.
kaimattangal thikachum kaaryakshamamaayi nadatthaan kazhiyumenkil maathrame eee reethi nyaayayukthamaakoo, athu saadhyamalla.
daaridrya vidavu soochika (daaridrya theevratha soochika, pii 2).
daaridryarekhayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol daaridrya vidavukalude sharashari chathurangalaanu daaridrya vidavu soochika nadathunnathu. eee nadapadi kadutha daaridryathinu oonnal nalkukayum kuranja daaridryathekkaal valia bharam nalkukayum cheiyunnu. samoohathile ettavum daridraraayavarude varumaana nilavaaratthil vyathiyaanathinulla saadhyathayaanu athinte nettangalilonnu. daaridrya theevratha soochika janasamkhyaa upavibhagangalkkaayi verthirikkaam.
seen soochika.
seen soochika daridrarude ennathe avarude daaridryathinte valupavum saambilile daaridryathinte vitharanavumayi bandhippikkunnu.
soothravaakyam _ 5
seen-shorox-thoon soochika.
seen-shorox-thoon soochika (chilappol ezz. ezz. tii soochika ennu vilikkunnu) seen soochikayude mechappetta pathippaanu.
soothravaakyam _ 6
paavappettavarude anupatham, avarude daaridryathinte vyaapthi, paavappettavarkkidayile kshematthinte vitharanam ennivayude veekshanaparamaaya nadapadikal seen-shorox-thoon soochika edukkunnu. eee soochika daaridryathe moonnu gadakangalaayi vibhajikkanum eee chodyangalkku utharam nalkaanum namme praptharaakkunnu kooduthal daridrarundo? avarude daaridryathinte aazham vashalaayikkondirikkukayano? paavappettavarkkidayil kooduthal asamathvam undo?
swath adisthaanamaakkiyulla nadapadikal.
mattoru veekshanam daaridryatheyum swathukkaleyum nirvachikkunnu. eee aasthi adisthaanamaakkiyulla nadapadikal yadhaartha saambathika aasthi kaivashappedutthal, credit maarkkattilekkulla praveshanam, oru kudumbatthinte sambavumaayi bandhapetta daaridryam enniva pariganichekkaam. varumaanathinte motham moolyanirnnaya nadapadikal, aasthi-daaridryam, saambathika durbalata enniva avayude udaaharanamaakaam.
swath daridranaayirikkuka ennathinartham varumaanamillaathavaraayirik ennalla, thirichum. udaaharanathinu, sthiramaaya jeevithanilavaram urappakkunnathinaal surakshithamaaya thozhilulla rajyangalil sambathu sambannaraakunnathinte praadhaanyam kuravaanu, athesamayam mattu rajyangalil anishchithathvangalkkum aaghaathangalkkumethiraaya oru methayaayi ithu aavashyamaayi vannekkaam. 
uyarnna aavruthiyilulla daaridrya nadapadikal.
daaridryathekkurichum janangalude kshemathekkurichum thalsamaya vivarangal ithuvare nannayi vikasippichitilla. southu soudaan, peru allengil tanzania ennividangalil locabank mobail phonukalude sahaayathode chila pailat padhathikal nadatthaan ithinakam prothsaahanavum undu.
usile anubandhavum audyogikavumaaya nadapadikal.
audyogika daaridrya nadapadi vyakthiyude kudumbatthinte nikuthiyilavinu munbulla pana varumaanavum valupavum praayavum vyathyasthamaaya paridhi paridhikalum kanakkiledukkunnu, pakshe inn-type prograamukal (udha.jii. bhawana, oorjja paripaadikal, poshakaahaara sahayam), nikuthi kredittukal allengil jeevithachelavukalile praadeshika vyathyaasangal.
american kudumbangalude saambathika kshemathekkurichu nannayi manassilakkunnathinum federal nayangalude falapraapthiyekkurichu eluppathil vyaakhyaanikkunnathinum, sensus beuro yuu. esum chernnaanu supplemental daaridryaparidhi (ezz. pii. emm) vikasippichath.ezz. 2010-ll beuro oof laber statistiks. adutha kurachu varshangalil ezz. pii. emmilekku niravadhi puthiya reethishaasthraparamaaya mechappeduthalukal varuthi. kudumba vibhavangalum opmilum bhoomishaasthraparamaaya saahacharyangalilum ulppeduthiyittillaathi chelavukalum ezz. pii. emm kanakkiledukkunnu.
daaridrya janasamkhyayude janasamkhyaaparamaaya rooparekha ezz. pii. emm, oo. pii. emm nadapadikalkku keezhil vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. thaarathamyena, kuttikalude daaridrya nirakk ezz. pii. emmine apekshichu kuravaanu, praayamaayavaril (65 vayassinu mukalilullavar) uyarnna daaridrya nirakk nadakkunnu. thozhil cheiyunna praayathilullavarude daaridrya nirakk rund daaridrya nadapadikalkkidayil varsham thorum vyathyaasappedunnu. audyogika daaridrya nadapadikalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol medical, joliyumaayi bandhapetta chelavukal eduthukaanikkunna eee anubandha daaridrya nadapadi nayaroopeekaranakkaarkku sarkkar paripaadikalude falathekkurichu vyakthamaaya chithram nalkunnu.
cases padanangal.
daaridryam alakkunnathu vividha reethikalum sameepanangalum aavasyamulla sankeernavum samagravumaaya oru joliyaanu. cases padanangalkku yadhaartha loka udaaharanangalekkurichula ulkkaazhchakalum daaridryam engane alakkukayum abhisambodhana cheyyukayum cheiyunnu ennathinte udaaharanangalum nalkaan kazhiyum. meksikkoyile bahumukha daaridrya soochika (emm. pii. aii), indoneshyayile samoohathinte neethrthwathilulla motham shuchithva (pamsimas) sameepanam, indiayile deseeya grameena thozhil gyaarandi niyamam (enn. aarr. iii. jii. eiii) ennivayulppede daaridryam alakkunnathinulla vaividhyamaarnna saankethikavidyakal pradarshippikkunna naalu cases padanangal eee vibhaagam parishodhikkunnu. eee cases padanangal parishodhikkunnath aagolathalathil daaridryam engane vilayiruthappedunnu, abhisambodhana cheiyunnu ennathinekkurichu aazhathilulla dhaarana nalkum.
bahumukha daaridrya soochika (emm. pii. aii).
meksikkoyile bahumukha daaridrya soochika (emm. pii. aii) ennathu daaridryam vilayiruthunathinulla samagra sameepanamaan, athu varumanathinappuram vividha soochakangal pariganikkunnu. saambathika vibhavangalude abhavam kanakkiledukkunnathinupe, saamoohika nayam abhisambodhana cheyyenda mattu maanangalum ulkkollunna oru audyogika bahumukha daaridrya nadapadi avatharippicha aadya rajyamaanu meksikoo. meksikkoyile daaridryavum saamoohika nayavum vilayiruthunathinulla utharavaadithamulla ejansiyaaya saamoohika vikasana nayatthinte (konaval) moolyanirnnayathinaayi deseeya kaunsil meksikkoyil emm. pii. aii vikasippichu.
varumanam, vidyaabhyaasa kaalathamasam, aarogya sevanangalilekkulla praveshanam, saamoohika surakshayilekkulla praveshanam, bhakshanathilekkulla praveshanam, bhawana gunanilavaaram, sthalam, adisthaana bhawana aavashyakathakalilekkulla praveshanam, saamoohika aikyathinte alavu enningane ettu daaridrya soochakangale adisthaanamaakkiyaanu meksikkoyile emm. pii. aii. daaridryam alakkunnathu. saamoohika avakasha sameepanathile varumaanavum aarr maanangalum eee alavu pariganikkunnu. saamoohika aikyam ulppeduthunnathiloode ithu poorttheekarikkappedunnu, sandarbhochithavum parasparabandhithavumaya gadakangalude praadhaanyam thirichariyunnu, avaa samoohathil avaa cheluthunna swaadheenathinte adisthaanathil vishakalanam cheyyaavunnathaanu.
parambaraagatha varumaanathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla alavukalekkaal daaridryathekkurichu kooduthal sankeernamaaya dhaarana nalkunna daaridryathinum daaridryathinum kaaranamakunna vividha gadakangal emm. pii. aii pariganikkunnu. kaalakramena daaridryam illaathaakkunnathile purogathi nireekshikkaanum ettavum aavasyamullavarkku saamoohika sevanangalum nayangalum lakshyamidaanum meksikkan sarkkar ithu upayogikkunnu. oro rund varshathilum meksikkoyile deseeya, samsthaana sarkkarukal daaridryam alakkunnu. munisippaalittikal oro anchu varshathilum daaridryam alakkunnu.
daaridryam vilayiruthunnathinum saamoohika purogathi prolsaahippikkunnathu sahayakaramaaya upakaranamaan meksikkoyude emm. pii. aii. ennirunnaalum, daaridryam alakkunnathinulla eathoru reethiyum pole ithinu athinte poraaymakalum vimarshakarum undu. thaddesheeyarum graamapradesangalile thaamasakkaarum polulla paarshwalkkarikkappetta vibhaagangalude daaridryathinteyum paarshwavalkkaranathinteyum kaadinyatthe emm. pii. aii kurachukaanunnuvennu niravadhi athiraalikal vaadikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, daaridryam alakkunnathinu samagravum bahumukhavumaaya kaazhchappaadukal vikasippikkaan sramikkunna mattu raajyangalkk meksikkoyile bahumukha daaridrya nadapadi oru moolyavathaaya maathrkayaanu.
samoohathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla kudivella vitharanavum shuchithva paripadiyum.
community adhishtitha kudivella vitharana, shuchithva paripadi allengil indoneshyayile penyediyan eyar miniman daan santasis berbasses masyarakat (pumsimus) sameepanam daaridryam alakkunnathinulla mikacha udaaharanamaanu, kaaranam mosham shuchithvam pothuvaaya aarogyasthithikaleyum avayude saamoohikavum saambathikavumaaya vashangaleyum engane baadhikkunnuvenn ithu amgeekarikkunnu. thangalude shuchithva prasnangal thirichariyunnathilum pariharikkunnathilum svayam samyojippichukondu saamoohika vikasanathil pankedukkaan pammeemas sameepanam vyakthikale prerippikkunnu. thalphalamaayi, varumaanavum swathukkalum kanakkileduthu daaridryam kuraykkunnathinu samagramaya sameepanam pammeema sameepanam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, koodaathe daaridryam alakkunnathinu sambhavana cheiyunna kooduthal vipulamaaya saamoohikavum paaristhithikavumaaya gadakangal pariganikkunnu.
vikasanathinulla parambaraagatha topp-daun sameepanangalekkaal praadeshika samoohangal avarude shuchithva aavasyakathakal thirichariyunnathinum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum kooduthal anuyojyamaanenna aashayathilaanu eee sameepanam sthaapikkappettathu. eee reethiyil samoohangalumaayi chernnu thuranna malavisarjanam polulla mosham shuchithvathilekku nayikkunna reethikal thirichariyukayum shuchithvathinte aavasyakathayekkurichulla avabodham prolsaahippikkukayum cheiyunnu. sheshi vardhippikkal, aasoothranam, sambharanam, maanejment ennivayiloode kammyoonittiyude punk shakthippeduthunnathinu saankethika sahaayathin purame, web adhishtitha, mobail monittaring sisttam upayogichu community monittaring ulppede, praadeshika jalathinum shuchithva adisthaana soukaryangalkkumaayi padhathi communitykalkku nerittu graantukal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. mechappetta shuchithvavum shuchithva sheelangalum vikasippikkaan sahaayikkunnathin faesilittettarkkum jillakalkkum pariseelanavum consulting sevanangalum nalkunnu. thudarnnu, kooduthal vikasanathinulla oopshanukal srishtikkunnathinu facilitettarmaar kammyoonittikale sahayikkunnu.
indoneshyayile pummies sameepanam veliyida visarjanam vijayakaramaayi kuraykkukayum graamapradesangalile shuchithva soukaryangalilekkulla praveshanam mechappeduthukayum cheythu. lokabaankinte kanakkanusarichu, labhyamaya malavisarjjanarahita padavi lakshyamidunna samoohangalude sathamaanam 0 sathamaanathil ninnu 58 shathamaanamaayi ganyamaayi vardhichu, ekadesham 81 sathamaanam schoolukalum avarude shuchithva, shuchithva samrambhangal mechappeduthi. udaaharanathinu, 97 sathamaanam jillakalum padhathiyude lakshyamaya ayalpakkangalkk purathu ithu aavarthikkukayum 86 sathamaanam samoohangal ellaavarkkum shudhamaaya vellavum shuchithvavum urappakkunnathinulla chelavu vardhippikkukayum cheythukondu pamsima sameepanathinte sthaapanaparamaaya susthiratha kooduthal dridamaayi.
deseeya grameena thozhil gyaarandi niyamam (enn. aarr. iii. jii. eiii).
2005ll india mahathmaagaandhi deseeya grameena thozhil gyaarandi niyamam (enn. aarr. iii. jii. eiii) enna peril oru deseeya daaridrya virudha padhathi aarambhichu. raajyathe grameena kudumbangalkk thozhilavasarangal nalkunnathinulla indian gavanmentinte oru pradhana padhathiyaanithu. 2005ll aarambhicha eee padhathi jolie aavashyappedunna oro grameena kudumbatthinum 100 divasathe vethana thozhil urappunalkunnu.
aavasyakkaar nayikkunna oru paripaadiyaanu nerga, athaayath kudumbangal eee padhathikku keezhil jolic apekshikkanam. apeksha nalki 15 divasathinullil jolie cheyyaan sarkkar baadhyasthamaanu. kendra sarkkar nischayicha minimum vethanam thozhilaallikalkk vaagdaanam cheiyunna eee padhathi oro samsthaanathinum vyathyasthamaan.
avasarangal kuravaayirikke mandagathiyilulla kaarshika seasonil grameena kudumbangalkk thozhil avasarangal nalkaan uddeshichullathaanu nrega. grameena kudumbangale niyamikkunnathiloode daaridryam kuraykkaanum grameena varumanam uyarthanum padhathi shramikkunnu. vanavalkkaranam, jalasamrakshanam, adisthaanasoukarya nirmmaanam ennivayil thozhilavasarangal srishtikkunnathiloode graamapradesangalile susthira vikasanam prolsaahippikkaanum padhathi uddeshikkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, indiayile daaridrya laghookaranathinum graamavikasanathinumulla phalapradamaaya upakaranamaayi nrega parakke amgeekarikkappettittundu. 2020ll, covid-19 mahamari baadhicha 116 jillakalilekku eee padhathi vyaapippikkukayum graamapradesangalile durbalaraaya kudumbangalkk valare aavashyamaaya thozhilavasarangal nalkukayum cheythu.
upasamhaaramaayi, grameena kudumbangalkk thozhilavasarangal nalkukayum saamoohika ulcherkkal prolsaahippikkukayum grameena vikasanathinu sambhavana nalkukayum cheiyunna indiayile oru pradhana saamoohika kshema padhathiyaanu nrega. padhathikku velluvilikalundenkilum, daaridrya laghookaranathilum graamavikasanathilum athinte gunaparamaaya swaadheenam pariganikkanam.
pothuvaaya sarway prasnangal.
eee sarvekal chila pothuvaaya prasnangalulla daattaye vyaakhyaanikkunnu
kramarahithamaya sample ellah gaveshanangalum kramarahithamayi aalukale oru saambililekku thiranjedukkunnathine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, oororutharkkum thiranjedukkappedaanulla ore avasaram undaayirikkanam. nirbhagyavashaal, sample pakshapathaparamalla ennathu eluppamalla, kaaranam chila koottam aalukale kandethaan prayaasamaan.
sample anubhavathil ninnum sarvekalil ninnum namukk asamathvangal kaanaan kazhiyum. sarvekal namukk oru kanakkakkiya soothravaakyam maathrame kaanikkunnulloo. sample engane nadatthi ennathaanu namukk thaalpparyamulla mattoru kaaryam. janasandrata kuranja pradeshangalil saadhaaranayaayi sample edukkaarilla.
charakkukalude parirakshayum moolyanirnnayavum vivarangal ulkkollunnathinum parishkarikkunnathinum, nammal saambilinodu kooduthal pothuvaayi chodikkanam. varumaanathinteyum chelavinteyum prasnangal mathramalla, kudumba krishiyidathil ninnulla swantham upabhogavum mathiyakum. bhavananirmmaanathekkurim susthiramaaya upabhogathinte gadakangalekkurichum vivarangal shekharikkendathu aavasyamaanu.
vyathyasavum alaveduppinte samayaparidhiyum varumanam, upabhogam, mattu gadakangal enniva kaalakramena maarunnu. athinaal, vikasita raajyangalile shradha varumaanathil ninnu kooduthal sthirathayulla upabhogathil maathramaan.
samana upabhoga thalatthilulla kudumbangaludeyellaam thaarathamyangal kudumbangal thammilulla thaarathamyangal budhimuttaanu, kaaranam kudumbangal varumaanathinteyum chelavinteyum valuppathil mathramalla, paristhithi, ozhivusamayangal, paristhithiyude gunanilavaaram muthalaayavayil vyathyaasappettirikkunnu.
sthithivivarakkanakkukal.
lokathinte mothatthilulla daaridryam kurayunnundengilum athu oru valia prashnamaayi thudarunnu.
mattu gadakangal.
23 raajyangalile 20,000-thiladhikam pavapetta aalukalumaayulla gaveshanathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla lokabaankinte mosham samrambhathinte shabdangal, pavapetta aalukal daaridryathinte gadakangalaayi kanakkaakkunna niravadhi gadakangale thirichariyunnu. bhauthika shemathinu, prathyekichu bhakshanathinu aavasyamaayavayaanu ettavum pradhanam. mattu palathum bhauthika prashnangalekkaal saamoohika prasnangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
bhaavi dishakal.
patana mekhalayil puthiya charchakalum pravanathakalum nilanilkkunnathinaal daaridryam alakkunnathinulla bhaavi dishakal nirantharam marikkondirikkunnu. metriksukal vikasippikkunnathil, bahumukha daaridrya alavukalum aathmanishtamaaya kshema soochakangalum ulppedunna pradhana mekhalakalaanu.
udaaharanathinu, daaridryam poornnamaayum manasilakkunnathinulla vividha kaazhchappaadukal pariganikkunnathin bahumukha alavukal amgeekarikkappedunnu, udaaharanathinu, aarogyam, vidyaabhyaasam, adisthaana sevanangalilekkulla praveshanam, saamoohikavum saambathikavumaaya shaaktheekaranam, paaristhithika saahacharyangal thudangiya vividha gadakangal kanakkiledukkunnu. daaridryathinte adisthaana kaaranagal padikkunnathil eee samagramaya reethiye adisthaanamaakki sarkkaarukalkk nayangalum nadappaakkalukalum srishtikkaan kazhiyum.
aikyaraashtrasabhayude vikasana paripaadiyumaayi sahakarichu, ooksfoord daaridryavum maanava vikasana samrambhavum (ophi) 2010 ll bahumukha daaridrya soochika (emm. pii. aii) vikasippichu. poshakaahaaram, school vidyaabhyaasam, shudhajalam, vaidyuthi ennivaykkulla praveshanam thudangiya patthu soochakangal upayogichu aarogyam, vidyaabhyaasam, jeevithanilavaram ennivayulppedeyulla koottaaya soochakangal eee soochika upayogikkunnu. 
uyarnnuvarunna charchayude mattoru mekhala, janangalude swantham kshemathekkurichulla avarude daaranakal rekhappeduthunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha aathmanishtamaaya nadapadikal ulppeduthuka ennathaanu, ithu bhouthikamaaya nashtatthinappuram janangalude jeevithathil daaridryathinte swaadheenathekkurichu vilapetta vivarangal nalkum. aathmanishtamaaya daaridrya alaveduppinte oru udaaharanam avarude samoohathile kudumbangalude aapekshika daaridrya nilayekkurichu praadeshika reference grouppukalude ratingukal upayogikkunna pankaalittha sambathu ranking (pwr) sameepanamaan. 

