
suu-152

randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu upayogichirunna soviyatt svayam-niyantritha kanatha hovitsaraanu suu-152 ().
oru kevi-1ezz hevi taankinte chesiyil 152 emm gann-hovitsar gadippichu. pinneedu nirmmaanathinaayi tank chassis upayogichirunna isue-152 ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu. kaduva, elephant thudangiya kanatha jarmman kavachitha vaahanangale takarkkaan kazhivulla oru munkootty upayogikkaatha kanatha tank distroyaraayi sweekarichathinaal ithine "sweroboy" ("mrugathe kollunna") ennu vilipperunalki.
vikasanam.
stalingrad ethir aakramanamaaya ooppareshan euranus, jarmman kottakal nasippikkunnathinu mobail hevi thokkukalude chuvanna sainyathinte adiyanthira aavasyakatha thurannukaatti. akkaalat soviyatt frond-line graundu unitukalkku pill boxukalum mattu kottakalum kaikaaryam cheyyaan mathiyaya vedivayppu undaayirunnilla.
peerankikaludeyum combatt enchineeyarmaarudeyum adutha pinthuna ooppareshan yuraanasinte vijayathil oru pradhana gadakamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, apoorvamaaya ozhivaakkalukalode, eee samayat soviyatt thokkukalum hovitsarukalum svayam chalippikkunnathinekkaal valichedukkukayaayirunnu. rodukalude abhavam, aazhathilulla manjinte saannidhyam, peeranki tractorukalude kuravu enniva eee chalanasheshiyude abhavam vardhippichu. 
kuthirakalo avarude jeevanakkaro palappozhum valichidunnathinaal, neengumbol thokkukalkku ethir akramanam undakaan saadhyathayund. 152 milleemettar bharamullah hovitsarukal avayude valia bharam kaaranam kaikaaryam cheyyaan prathyekichum budhimuttaayirunnu. tank paalangalallathe mattonnum vazhi nadikal kadakkaan kazhiyaatha avar kuzhanjuveenathinushesham upekshikkappedaan saadhyathayund. 
athinaal 1942 novemberil samsthaana prathirodha samiti oru 152.4mm emm. ell.-20 hovitsar upayogichu svayam chalippikkunna kanatha thokku vikasippikkaan utharavittu. 130 emm thokku upayogichu suu-100y-kku anubandhamaayi vanthothil ulppaadippikkaan kazhiyunna oru vahanam chuvanna sainyathin aavashyamaayirunnu.
yudhathinu munbulla kaalaghattatthil chuvanna sainyathin 152.4 mm m-10 hovitsar upayogichu aayudhadhaarikalaaya kevi-2 hevi tank polulla kottaya virudha vahanangal undaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1941 octoberil leningradil ninnu chelyabinskilekku kirov nirmmanangal ozhippikkendivannappol kevi-2-kalude vanthothilulla uthppaadanam nirtthi. 1942ll oru anjjaatha nambar ippozhum pravarthichirunnu. 
puthiya aanti-fortification vahanam roopakalppana cheythath athe uddeshyathode, ennaal uyarnna chalanathmakatha, bharameriya kavachangal, kuranja ulppaadanachelavu, kooduthal shakthavum krithyavumaaya emm. ell-20 152 emm. emm thokku ennivaykkoppam. emm. ell-20 oru gopuratthil sthaapikkunnathu athinte neelavum pinnokkavum kaaranam asaadhyamaayirunnu, puthiya vaahanathin oru nischitha kesmettu-stail superstructuril gadippichirikkunna noonn-rotating thokku undaayirikkanamennu theerumaanichu.
mattu niravadhi kottaya virudha vahana padhathikalellaam nirtthivachirunnu. pinneedu yudhathil eee padhathikal punaraarambhichu. 1942 desemberil pradhana soviyatt peeranki, tank faaktarikalil ninnulla enchineeyar grouppukal "pilbox killer" vaahanangalude moonnu vyathyastha designukal avatharippichu. eee designukalellaam emm. ell-20 thokkine praadhamika aayudhamaayi upayogichu, kevi-1ezz hevi tank chassis. kurachu charchakalkku sesham, joseph kottinte padhathi vanthothilulla ulppaadanathinaayi thiranjedutthu. eee roopakalppana emm. ell-20, kevi-1ezz chassis enniva kuranja chelavil vijayakaramaayi samyojippichu.
padhathikku "kevi-14" ennu namakaranam cheyyukayum aadyathe prototypinte ("object 236" ennu vilikkunnu) assembly 1942 desember 31 nuu aarambikkukayum 25 divasathinu sesham poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. object 236" nte plaant pareekshanangal 1943 januvari 25 nuu aarambhichu. niravadhi vijayakaramaya plaant parishodhanakalkk sesham kooduthal karsanamaaya samsthaana parisodhanakal aarambhichu. "object 236" veendum vijayichu. 1943 februvari 14 nuu samsthaana prathirodha samiti ithu redu armi sevanathinaayi amgeekarikkukayum udan thanne "chelyabinsky kirovsky savod" (chelyabinsk kirov plaant, chkz) ll vanthothil uthppaadanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. svayam-sanjarikkunna thokkukalude shreniyude peru kevi-14 ll ninnu suu-152 aayi maatti. suu-152 ll gadippikkunnathinaayi emm. ell-20 thokku cheruthaayi parishkkarichu-mechappetta gunner sukhasoukaryathinaayi chila handilukal neekki. eee vakabhedathinu emm. ell-20s enna peru undaayirunnu. mookkinte vegathayum baahya balistiksum yadhaartha tove cheytha emm. ell.-20 thokkinu samanamaayirunnu.
aanti-tank roll pariganikkathe roopakalppana cheythittundenkilum, emm. ell-20-kalude valare kanatha uyarnna sphodakavasthukkal kaaranam suu-152-nuu athbhuthakaramaamvidham nalla aanti-tank sheshiyundennu thelinju. akkaalathe uddeshyathode nirmmicha aanti-tank thokkukal saadhaaranayaayi cheruthum uyarnna vegathayullathumaaya soolid projectylukale aashrayichirunnu, kavachiloode kuthunnathinu opttimais cheythathaanu. ellah suu-seerees svayam-propeled thokkukaleyum pole suu-152 tank killing manassil vechalla roopakalppana cheythirunnathu ennathinaal, kroovinu epi projectylukalonnum nalkiyittilla, koodaathe kavachangalkkethiraya prarambha parishodhanakalum nadatthiyilla. ennirunnaalum, 1943-nte thudakkathil pidicheduttha kaduva taankukalil nadatthiya parisodhanakal kaanikkunnath spodanam vazhi gopuratthe neekkam cheythukondu suu-152 nuu (1943-ll, russian sevanathil ithu maathrame angane cheyyaan kazhiyoo) eathenkilum shreniyil avaye nasippikkaan kazhinjuvennu. eee kandethal vanthothilulla suu-152 uthppaadanathinum svayam-niyantritha peeranki yoonittukalude roopeekaranathinum kaaranamaayi, avaa pinneedu kanatha tank distroyer battaliyanukalaayi pravarthichu.
suu-152 vanthothilulla uthppaadanam aarambhichathinusesham, vishwaasyathayum falapraptiyum mechappeduthunnathinaayi ithu cheruthaayi parishkkarichu. thudakkathil suu-152 nuu oru mesheen gann illaayirunnu, ithu nagara yudhathilum mattu adutha poraattangalilum gurutharamaaya balaheenathayaayirunnu. eee prashnam pariharikkunnathin 1943-leeii venalkkaalath dii. ezz. echu. keey 12.7 emm. emm. aanti-aircraft gann instaaleshan vikasippicheduthu. chila suu-152-kalkk attakuttappanikalkk sesham ithu labhichu. vanthothilulla uthppaadanathil kevi taankukalude kudumbatthile avasana amgamaayirunnu suu-152,1943 desemberil cks ulppaadana lainukalil isu-152 upayogichu maatti. uthppaadippikkunna suu-152-kalude krithyamaaya ennam russian srothassukalil polum vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, ettavum saadhaaranamaaya kanakkukal 670 allengil 704 aanu. 
randaam lokamahaayudhathe athijeevicha suu-152 vimanangal 1958ll soviyatt armi sarveesil ninnu pinvalikkapettu.
nirmmanavum roopakalppanayum.
mattu mikka soviyatt svayam niyantritha thokkukaludeyum athe, poornnamaayum adacha casemeted roopakalppanayaanu suu-152 pinthudarnnathu. poornnamaayum kavachithamaaya hull rund compartmentukalaayi thirichirikkunnu onnu crewin, thokkum vedikkoppukalum hallinte munvashathum, onnu enchin, transmission ennivaykku pinnilum. 75, 60, 30, 20 millimeter enningane vyathyastha kanamulla uruttiya kavacham plettukalil ninnaan puram weld cheythath. munvashathe purambhaagavum superstructure kavacham plettukalum mikacha vahana samrakshanathinaayi charinjirunnu, athesamayam side kavacham lambamaayirunnu. thaazhathe munbhaagavum pinbhaagathe kavacham plettukalum silindar aakruthiyilullathum avayude ulppaadana reethiyil thaarathamyena sankeernnavumaayirunnu. emm. ell.-20 gann-hovitsar 12 digri paridhiyil parimithamaaya oru traaversumaayi madhyathinte valathuvashath cheruthaayi gadippichirikkunnu. moonnu jeevanakkarum thokkinte idathuvashathaayirunnu, driver munvashathum, thudarnnu gunner, oduvil loader. vahana commander breach mechanism oopparettarum valathuvashathaayirunnu.
oro vashathum aarr rooad chakrangalkkum (oronninum 600 milleemettar vyaasamulla) 12 tortion baarukal suspensionil ulppedunnu. drive sprokkattukal pinnilaayirunnu. oro trackilum 608 milleemettar veethiyulla 90 staambu cheytha linkukal undaayirunnu. bandhippicha rund linkukal thammilulla saadhaarana dooram 160 millimeteraayirunnu. kroo eriyayil randennam, enchin compartmentil orennam enningane motham aii. dii. 1 littar sheshiyulla moonnu aantharika indhana taankukal undaayirunnu. 360 littar adhika indhanam vahikkaan kazhiyunna naalu bandhippikkappedaatha baahya indhana taankukal saadhaaranayaayi iva mechappeduthunnu. oru aarr. eiii.-24 volteju rile regulator unitulla 1 kilowatt jii. tii-4563eiii janarettaril ninnum 256 ampere-manikkoor motham sheshiyulla naalu 6ste-128 akkumulettar baattarikalil ninnumaanu 24 wolt vaidyutha vitharanam vannath. eee vaidyutha upakaranangal samakaalika soviyatt kavachitha vahanangalil saadhaaranamaayirunnu. generatorum akkumulettar baattarikalum matellaa vaidyutha upakaranagalkkum-ezz. tii-700 electric starttar motor, oru radio settu, oru intercom, bahyavum aantharikavumaaya laittukal, thokkinte kaazhchayude skeyilukalude prakasham enniva nalki.
akathalathil ninnulla nireekshanatthinaayi, ellah melkoora haachukalilum rund thokku kazhchakalkkoppam periscopukalum undaayirunnu telescopic ezz. tii-10 (ezz. tii. 10), panoramic kazhcha. kroo aashayavinimayathinayi oru tpu-4-bisf intercom gadippikkukayum inter-vehicle aashayavinimayathinayi orotta radioyum undaayirunnu. aadya seereesaaya suu-152ll 9aarr, thudarnnu 10aarr, oduvil 10aarke-26 radio settu enniva sajjeekarichirunnu. yudhathinte thudakkathil eee radiokal soviyatt upakaranangalekkaal mikachavayaayirunnuvenkum jarmman upakaranangalekkaal thazhnnavayaayirunnu.
rund pii. pii. ezz. echu submussin thokkukalum hraswadura svayam prathirodhatthinaayi 25 eph1 grenadeukalum samghathil undaayirunnu.
pooraattatthinte charithram.
eee rolinu vendi roopakalppana cheythittillenkilum, suu-152 vilakuranjathum phalapradavumaaya hevi tank killer aanennu thelinju, oru soviyatt antitank vahanamenna nilayil suu-100 nuu sesham randaamathu, athupole kaalalppadaykkum kottakalkkumethiraaya yadhaartha rolil vijayichu, suu-100y-ykku samanamaaya punk vahichu.
1943 meyy maasathil uyarthiya puthiya hevi mechanised gann rejimentukalkku aadyathe suu-152kall nalkikkond suu-152 1943 ll udaneelam valia thothil nirmikkappettu. aadyathe rejiment 12 thokkukal mathramulla kurskilethi, pooraattatthil 21 thokkukalude poornna shakthiyilekku konduvannu.
kanatha vedikkoppukal kaaranam kuranja theepidittham, kuranja vedikkoppukal sambharanam (20 raundu maathram), idungiyathum oorjjarahithavumaaya kroo compartment enniva vaahanathinte poraaymakalil ulppedunnu. athinte kavacha samrakshanam mathiyaayirunnu; 30 digri charivulla 65 milleemettar frondall kavacham ippozhum kaduvayudeyum ferdinand/elephantinteyum 88 milleemettar kwk 36/43 thokkukalkkum idatharam, hraswa renchukalil (vashangalil ninno pinnil ninno eathu renchilum) 7.5 centimeter kwk 40 hye-velsity thokkum pancer IV, stug III/IV ennivaykku munnil durbalamaayi. 152 emm thokku, 88 emm-nekkaal valare mikacha paramavadhi renchullappol, 88 emm, 7.5 centimeter thokkukalekkaal kuranja krithyamaaya renchulla oru kanatha hovitsar aayirunnu, athesamayam athe akale thirichulla vedivayppinu saadhyathayund. jarmman kanatha taankukalude nettangal illaathaakkaanum suu-152-kalkk avarude otta shoat kollaanulla kazhivu upayogikkaanum kazhiyunna urachunilkkunna shathrukkalkkethire ithu ettavum falapradamaakki.
oru yadhaartha tank distroyarinekkaal svayam-nayikkunna peeranki kashanamaayi uddeshichirunnathinaal, suu-152 saadhaaranayaayi kavacha-thulaykkunna projaktailukalekkaal staanderd roundukalilaanu purathirakkiyathu. 152 emm addeham raundu athinte falapraapthikkaayi vegathaye aashrayikkaatha oru valia spodanam srishtichu, ithu kaduvayum elephantum ulppedeyulla eathu jarmman tankinum ethire phalapradamaakkunnu (thulachukayarunna projaktailukalekkaal phalapradamallengilum). oru kaduva tankinte gopuratthe (eathu shreniyilum) neekkam cheyyaan ithinu kazhiyumaayirunnu, koodaathe niravadhi jarmman kavachitha poratta vahanangal kursk yudhathil suu-152-kall nasippikkukayo kedupaadukal varuthukayo cheythathayi avakashappettu.
ennirunnaalum, ferdinand hevi tank distroyarine sthiramaayi nasippikkunnathil ithu vishwasaneeyamallennu thelinju, athinte bulkier, lalithamaaya roopakalppana addeham spodanam cheyyaathathine kooduthal prathirodhikkunnu. oru ooppareshanil russiakkaar kuranjathu ezhu jarmman ferdinandukalenkilum suu-152 ll kurskilvechu thattikkondupoyappol, jarmman aakshan sheshamulla enchineeyarmaarkku attakuttappanikal nadatthaanum punaraarambhikkaanum pittennu mikkavarum ellah yudhangalkkum madangaanum kazhinju. thokkinte spodanathil jeevanakkaarude maranam sambhavikkukayum vedikkoppukalude vitharanathino chesiko kedupaadukal varuthaathe thalavedanayiloodeyum pottaliloodeyum vaahanathinte ulvasham nasippikkukayum cheythathaanu ithinu kaaranam. soviyatt suu-152 kroovinu avarude gopurangal thakarkkunnathuvare kazhivillaatha tankukalkku nere vediyuthirkkaan utharavidiyengilum ferdinandinu oru gopuram undaayirunnilla. 
kurskinu sesham, 152 emm br-540 soolid-coor epi raundu cheria thothil nirmmikkukayum penetrating projectilaayi hevi tank distroyer battaaliyanukalkk nalkukayum cheythu, ennaal thokkinte kuranja vegatha epi roundine kooduthal krithyathayillaathathum mithamaaya reethiyil maathram falapradamaakkukayum cheythu.
kurskinu sesham, ooppareshan bagression aakramana samayat jarmman kottakal nasippikkunnathil suu-152 oru pradhana punk vahichu, ithaanu vaahanathinte yadhaartha design lakshyam..1943-nte randaam pakuthi muthal randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanam vare finland muthal crimea vareyulla ellah soviyatt munnanikalilum suu-152kall upayogichirunnu. 1943 desemberil yudhanashtangalum vanthothilulla uthppaadanavum nilachathinaal soviyatt sainyathile suu-152 vimaanangalude ennam kuranju. oduvil suu-152 vimaanagalkk pakaram kooduthal vishwasaneeyavum mikacha kavachithavumaya isu-152 vimanangal upayogichu, avaa ore aayudangalum vedikkoppukalum ore eratta-uddeshya rolil upayogichu. ennirunnaalum, randaam lokamahaayudhathiludaneelam 1958 vare yudhaananthara kaalam vare suu-152 soviyatt armi sevanathil thudarnnu.
1986 leeii chernobyl duranthatthinu sesham shucheekarana, polikkal pravarthanangalil avayil chilath upayogichu.
samghadana.
svayam niyantrithamaaya swatantra peeranki rejimentukal (russian bhashayil otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsaap, otsa thudakkathil oro otsaapinum naalu vaahanangalude moonnu baattarikalaayi thirichirikkunna panthrand suu-152 vimaanangalundaayirunnu. oru kevi-1ezz tank oru commanderude vaahanamaayi pravarthichu. 1943 novemberinu sesham otsaap samghadana oru rejimentinu 21 vaahanangalaayi maari.

