
grobhaavsarn

kalikkaar panthayam vekkukayum thudarnnu avarude 4-card kombineshanukal thaarathamyam cheyyukayum cheiyunna charitraparamaaya oru jarmman malsara geyimaanu grobousern. 32 card pikvettu paaykk upayogichu rund muthal ettu vare kalikkaar ithu kalikkunnu. mikka sthalangalilum eee kalii niyamavirudhamaayirunnu. pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil grameena upper saxonyil ithu janapriyamaayirunnu.
charithram.
grobhavsernineyum trishakkineyum "samana" maayi visheshippichuvenkilum 1780-ll adelang shervensalil ninnu "vyathyastha" maayi. pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathode grobhaavsern grameena upper saxonyilum shervensal jarmmani, polandu, saileshya, bohemia ennividangalile graamapradesangalilum kalichirunnu. shervensalile wilde kaardukalaayi jaakkukal (oru paridhivare 9s) upayogikkunnathu vividha europian card geyimukalile jaakkukale (oru paridhivare 9s) trumbukalaayi uyarthunnathumaayi bandhappettirikkam. jaakkukalkk ettavum uyarnna trumbukal enna padanaamamaaya "venzel" enna padatthinte uthbhavam shervenzel aanennu adelung nirddeshichu.
niyamangal.
aadya ghattathil oro kalikkaaranum 2 cardukal nalkum. ettavum mootha kaii kuranja panthayam vekkaan baadhyasthanaanu, appol matellaa kalikkaarkkum vilikkukayo madakkukayo cheyyaam. kooll cheyyuka ennaal oraalude panthayam ithuvare paramavadhi panthayatthilekku vardhippikkuka, madakkuka ennaal kalii upekshichu oraalude panthayam nashtappedutthuka ennaanu. avasaanamaayi vilikkunna kalikkaaran ohari uyarthaano oru puthiya raundu kooll allengil folding muthalaayava aarambhikkaano avakaashamund. ellaavarum vilichukazhinjaal aadya ghattam avasaanikkukayum aarum veendum vilikkathirikkukayum cheiyunnu. madakkiya kalikkaarude cardukal backie stokkinoppam maattunnu.
alpam vyathyasthamaaya randaam ghattathil, oro kalikkaaranum motham 4 cardukalkku 2 cardukal koodi nalkunnu. aadyam mootha kaii, thudarnnu dealer (ippozhum kaliyilaanengil), thudarnnu kalikkaaran dealerude munnil irikkunnu. ohari uyarthukayum athuvazhi oru puthiya raundu colling allengil folding aarambikkukayum cheyyaam. ellaavarum vilichukazhinjaal randaam ghattam avasaanikkukayum aarum athu uyarthathirikkukayum cheiyunnu.
vaathuvepp avasaanichukazhinjaal, ellah kalikkaarum avarude cardukal pradarshippikkukayum mikacha kaiyulla kalikkaaran paathram nedukayum cheiyunnu. avarohana kramatthil saadhyamaaya kombineshanukal ivayaanu
card pooyintukal enniyathinusheshavum samanila undaakumbol, kaliyude dishayil neratthe irikkunna kalikkaaran jayikkunnu, mootha kaiyil ninnu aarambikkunnu.
randaam ghattathil aarum ezhunnelkkaatha saahacharyathil, kalikkaar avarude cardukal kanikkunnilla. eee saahacharyathil aadya roundil madakkiya ellah kalikkaarum munkaala praabalyathode avarude oharikal uyarthukayum paathram nirtthivaykkukayum venam.
vyathiyanangal.
ettavum uyarnna samyojanamaayi inipparayunnava cherkkunna oru vyathiyaanamund.
ettavum thaazhnna cricklecracalil 7,8,9,10 enniva adangiyirikkunnu, avayil randennam ore suitil allah.
bandhapetta kalikal.
furbellen allengil inunviersig.
kooduthal sankeernavum danubian (austro-hankerian) vakabhedavumaanu furbellen allengil inunviersig. 1756 muthal thanne furbellen rekhappeduthiyittundu.
shervenzel.
bavariayil kalikkunna furbellinte oru roopamaayirunnu shervenzel allengil sharvenzel, athil anttezhs "sharvencels", "shervencels", "sherers" allengil "vensels" enningane ariyappettirunnu. avayum oru paridhivare onpathu perum wilde kaardukalaayi pravarthichu. adelang parayunnathanusarichu, grobhaavsern "shervenselinekkaal valare lalithamaayirunnu". 1711 leeii oru franch-jerman nighanduvil, shervenzel kaliyile oru trippilttaanu "triken" ennu rekhappeduthiyittundu. 
eee vakabhedathe jaakkukalkk prathyeka pankillaattha vadakkan jarmman geyim sharvensalumaayi thettidharikkaruthu, ennaal homber, sooloo ennivayil ullava pole topp trumbukal karutha raajnjikalum trump 7 umm aanu.
grapoj.
geyiminte oru sweedish pathippaanu grapojs (grasposes allengil graspois ennum ucharikkappedunnu). sweedish peru jarmman "grobouser" enna vaakkinte apabhramsamaanu.

