fathi sultan mehmet paalam

fathi sultan mehmet paalam ("sultan mehmed dhaa kankvarar bridge";, "eph" ennu churukkatthil.ezz.emm. randaamathe bosphorous paalam ennum ariyappedunna koprusu), turkeyile istanbulil bosphorous kadalidukkil (turkisha "bogazi") vyaapichukidakkunna oru paalamaan. 1988ll poortthiyaakumbol, lokathile anchaamathe neelam koodiya thookumara paalamaayirunnu ithu.
1453ll baisaantain thalasthaanamaaya konstaantinoppil (istanbul) keezhadakkiya pathinanjaam noottaandile ottomaan sultan mehmed dhii kankvararude perilaanu eee paalam ariyappedunnathu. ithu europian root e80, eshyan haiway 1, eshyan haiway 5, ottoyol 2 haivekal enniva vahikkunnu.
europineyum eshyayeyum bandhippikkunna mattu moonnu paalangal turkeyil sthithicheyyunnu, avaykku yavoos sultan selam paalam, juulai 15 rakthasaakshikalude paalam (munbu bosphorous paalam ennariyappettirunnu), 1915 canacale paalam enningane perukalundu.
sthalam.
<unk>stanbul hisarustuvinum (europian vasham) kavakkinum (eshyan vasham) idayilaanu paalam sthithi cheiyunnathu. steel pailonukalum lambamaya hangerukalum ulla guruthwaakarshana-nankooramulla suspension paalamaanit. aerodynamic deck eratta lamba steel kebilukalil thoongikkidakkunnu. ithinu 1,510 meter neelavum 39 meter veethiyumulla deck undu. gopurangal thammilulla dooram (pradhana spaan) 1,090 meterum rooad thalatthil avayude uyaram 105 meterumaanu. samudranirappil ninnu 64 meteraanu paalatthinte neekkam.
nirmmaanam.
freeman phoox & partnermaarum botech bosphorous technical consulting corporation chernnaanu paalam roopakalppana cheythath.munbu bosphorous paalam roopakalppana cheythayaalaanu addeham. moonnu japanese kambanikalude (ihi corporation mitsubishi hevi industries ulppede) oru itaaliyan (impregillo), oru turkish kambani (ezz. tii. eph. eiii) ennivayude oru anthaaraashtra kansorshyam nirmmaana pravartthanangal nadatthi. 1988 juulai 3 nuu poortthiyaaya paalam pradhaanamantri turgut oasal udghaadanam cheyyukayum thante audyogika kaar oodichu aadyamaayi kadakkukayum cheythu. paalatthinte chelavu 130 dasalaksham dolaraanu.
gathagatham.
edirninum ankaaraykkum edayilulla trans-europian motorveyilaanu paalam sthithi cheiyunnathu. haiway paalatthil vaahanagathaagathinaayi naalu paathakalum oro dishayilum oru emarjansi paathayumund. pravrithidivasangalil raavile, yaathrakkaarude gathagatham kooduthalum padinjarottu europian bhaagathekku ozhukunnu, athinaal ettu pathakalil anjennam padinjarottum moonnu kizhakode maathramaan. neremarichu, pravrithidivasangalil vaikunnerangalil, kizhakottulla gathaagathathinaayi anchu pathakal, padinjaarottulla gathaagathathinaayi moonnu pathakal enniva neekkivaykkunnu. kaalnadakkaarkku paalam upayogikkaan anuvaadamilla. nilavil, 150,000 oolam vahanangal divasena iru dishakaliloodeyum kadannupokunnu; ekadesham 70 sathamaanavum automobilukalaanu.
toll piriv.
fathi sultan mehmet oru toll paalamaan, ennaal eshyayilekku pookunna vahanangalil ninnu maathrame panam nalkendathulloo (aadyathe bosphorous paalatthilennapole, eshyayil ninnu europilekku pookumbool panamadaykkendathilla.) 2008 epril muthal, oru vidoora payment samvidaanam upayogichu maattisthaapichathinaal, panamadaykkal inii sweekarikkilla. ooo. jii. esinu purame, contactless smart stikkar echu. jii. ezz samvidaanavum upayogathilundu.
haivekaludeyum paalangaludeyum toll plaasaykk munbu vividha steshanukalil oru ooo. jii. ezz upakaranam allengil echu. jii. ezz stikkar labikkum.
2019 avasaanathode toll 10.50 aanu (nilavil ekadesham 1.4 usd).
uyarnna panapperuppatthinanusaricha istambul paalangalude toll oro 20 maasathilum pathinaayirakkanakkin sathamaanam vardhikkunnu.

