
swatantra nagaram dancig

1920 num 1939 num idayil leag oof neshansinte samrakshanathilulla oru nagara-samsthaanamaayirunnu dancig (ippol gdansk, polandu) enna baltic kadal thuramukhavum chuttumulla pradeshangalile 200 oolam cheria pradeshangalum ulkkollunna swatantra nagaram. onnaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinusesham 1919 leeii vezhsaay udambadiyile article 100 (bhagam III leeii sekshan xi) vyavasthakalkkanusrithamaayi 1920 november 15 nuu eee raashtreeyam roopeekarikkappettu. udambadi vyavasthakalkku anusrithamaayi, leag oof neshansinte melnottathilaanu sthaapanam sthaapikkappettathu. pradhaanamaayum jarmman janasamkhyayullathaanenkilum, videsanayam, prathirodham, kasttams, railway, poost enniva ulkkollunna polandumaayulla adichelppicha union eee pradeshathe bandhippichirikkukayum yudhaananthara jarmman republicil ninnum puthuthayi swathanthramaaya poolish republicil ninnum vyathyasthamayi thudarukayum cheythu. koodaathe, nagaratthile thuramukha soukaryangalumaayi bandhapetta chila avakashangal polandinu nalki.
1920leeii bharanaghadanaa assembly thiranjeduppil poolish partic 6 sathamaanathiladhikam vottu labhichenkilum pinneedu athinte vottu sathamaanam ekadesham 3 shathamaanamaayi kuranju. pakaram dhaaraalam dancig dhruvangal catholica sentar partic vottu cheythu. 1921-ll polandu oru idatharam malsyabandhana pattanamaya gdinia nagaram vikasippikkaan thudangi. dansiginu vadakkulla eee poornnamaayum puthiya thuramukham 1919 ll nalkia pradeshathaanu poolish idanaazhi ennu vilikkappedunnathu. 1933 aayappozhekkum, jidiniyayiloode kadannupokunna vyapaaram dansiginekkaal kooduthalaayirunnu. 1936 aayappozhekkum nagaratthile senattil bhooripaksham praadeshika naasikalum undaayirunnu, germmaniyil veendum cheraanulla prakshobham sakthamaakki. jarmman yahoodavirudhatha, peedanam, adichamarthal ennivayil ninnu niravadhi juthanmaar palayanam cheythu. 1938ll swatantra nagaratthile janasamkhyayaaya 4,10,000 ll 98 sathamaanam jarmmankaarum 1 sathamaanam polishukaarum 1 sathamaanam mattu janangalumaayirunnu. dancig dhruvangalude anupatham 10 muthal 13 sathamaanam vareyaanu ennu charitraparamaaya kanakkukal parayunnu. 1920kalilum 1930kalilum poolish janasamkhya vardhikkukayum 1939ll swatantra nagaratthile janasamkhyayile dhruvangalude anupatham ekadesham 20 shathamaanamaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. 
1939-ll polandile jarmman adhiniveshathinushesham, naasikal swatantra nagaram nirthalaakkukayum eee pradesham puthuthayi roopeekaricha dancig-vestt prashyayil ulppeduthukayum cheythu. nagaratthile thoonukaleyum joothanmaareyum naasikal vivechanam, nirbandhitha thozhil, unmoolanam ennivaykku vidheyaraakki manushyathvarahitharaayi tharamthirichu. sameepathulla stuthof (ippol polandile stuttovo) ulppede niravadhi naasi thadankalppaalayangalil vachu kollappettu. 1945-nte aadya maasangalil soviyatt, poolish sainikar nagaram pidichedutthappol, kadalil ninnu ozhippikkaanulla thayyaareduppillaathum valare vaikiyathumaaya sramangalil ganyamaaya ennam jarmman nivaasikal kollappedukayum bakkiyullavar palayanam cheiyukayo purathaakkappedukayo cheythu.
potsdam karaarinte falamaayi nagaram poornnamaayum polandilekku punarekeekarichu, athesamayam yudhathinu munbulla poolish vamseeya nyoonapakshatthile amgangal madangithudangukayum puthiya poolish kudiyettakkaar varaan thudangukayum cheythu. eee sambhavangalil ninnu gdansk janasamkhyayil gurutharamaaya kuravu anubhavichu, 1950 kalude avasaanam vare athu veendeduthilla.
sthaapanam.
swaathanthryathinteyum svayambharanathinteyum kaalaghattangal.
dansiginu swaathanthryathinte aadyakaala charithramundaayirunnu. prashyayile tutonic sanyasi rashtrathinethire nayikkapetta prussian konfedareshanile oru pramukha kalikkaranayirunnu ithu. poolish rajaavaaya kasimir IV jagiyallonumaayi chernnu, poolish kireedatthinu prashyayude padinjaaran bhaagangalude (royal prussia) raashtrathalavante punk nalkumennu konfedareshan nirddeshichu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, ducal prussia oru poolish kottayaayi thudarnnu. danzig elbing, thoon thudangiya mattu nagarangalum yudhathinte bhooribhaagathinum dhanasahayam nalkukayum uyarnna thalatthilulla nagara svayambharanaavakaasham aaswadikkukayum cheythu. dancig "royal poolish sitti oof dancig" enna padavi upayogichu.
1569ll, royal prashyayude estettukal eee pradeshathe poolish-lithwanian komanveltthil ulppeduthaan sammathichappol, nagaram athinte prathyeka padavi nilanirthaan nirbandhichu. prathyeka aanukoolyangal samrakshikkunnathinaayi 1577-ll daansiginte chelaveria uparodhathiloode athu svayam prathirodhikkukayum thudarnnu poolish rajaavinu nerittu doothanmaare ayachukondu charchakal nadatthaan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. 16-aamm noottaandilum 17-aamm noottaandilum polandil ninnum ukrainil ninnumulla daanyangal dansigile kappalukalil kayattunnathinaayi visttulayilekku borjukalil kayatti ayachirunnathinaal, baltic kadalumaayi visttula nadhi koodicherunna aazhathilulla thuramukhamenna nilayil dancig sthithicheyyunnathu europile ettavum sambannamaaya nagarangalilonnayi maari. dancigil ninnu daanyangal kayatti ayaykkunna pala vyaapaarikalum dachukaraayathinaal, avar thangalkkayi dutch shailiyilulla veedukal nirmmikkukayum mattu dansigermar avare anukarikkunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheythathinaal, nagarathinu vyathirikthamaya dutch roopam nalkappettu. padinjaaran, kizhakkan yooroppinte saambathikashaasthrathe bandhippikkunna sambannamaaya thuramukhavum vyapara crostodukalumaaya "kizhakkinte aamstardaam" ennariyappedunna dancig, athinte sthaanathaanu visttula baltikkilekku ozhukunnathu, ithu nagaram bharikkan malsarikkunna vividha shakthikalilekku nayichu.
1793-ll polandinte randaam vibhajanathil dancig prussia raajyathinte bhaagamaayenkilum 1806-ll nepolian bonapart prussia keezhadakkukayum 1807 septambaril nepolian dansigine franch saamraajyathinte ardha-swatantra upabhokthru rajyamaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. russia, austriya, prussia enniva ulppedunna oru sakhyam lepsig yudhathil (raashtrangalude yuddham) neppoliyane paraajayappedutthiyathinu sesham 1814-ll prussia rajyavumaayi veendum samyojippikkunnathuvare ithu ezhu varsham neenduninnu. 1920 vare prashyayude bhaagamaayi thudarnna eee nagaram 1871ll "reachinte" bhaagamaayi.
yuu yude pooyint 13.ezz. president vudro vilsante pathinaalu pooyintukal poolish swaathanthryam punasthaapikkaanum polandinu "kadalilekku surakshithamaaya praveshanam" undaakanamennum aavasyappettu, ithu visttula nadhi baltic kadalilekku ozhukunna thanthraparamaaya sthaanam kaivashappedutthiya dancig polandinte bhaagamaakanamenn soochippikkunnu. 1919-leeii paarees samadhana sammelanathil, roman dmovsky neethrthwathilulla poolish prathinidhi samgham, dancig polandilekku maattunnathiloode pathinaalu pooyintukalil 13 pooyintum manikkaan vilsanode aavasyappettu, dancig illaathe polandu saambathikamaayi labhakaramaakillennum 1793 vare nagaram polandinte bhagamaayirunnathinaal athu polandinte bhagamaayirunnuvennum vaadichu. ennirunnaalum, deseeya svayam nirnnayamaan vezhsaay udambadiyude adisthaanam ennu vilson vaagdaanam cheythirunnu. eee kaalaghattatthile dansigile 90 sathamaanam aalukalum jarmmankaraayathinaal, paarees samadhana sammelanathile sakhyakakshikal polandinu chila prathyeka avakashangalulla oru nagara-samsthaanamaaya dancig enna swatantra nagaram srishtichukondu vittuveezhcha cheythu. 90 sathamaanam jarmmankaarulla oru nagaram polandilekku ulppeduthunnathu deseeya svayam nirnaya thathwathinte lamghanamaanennu thonniyengilum athe samayam polandine "kadalilekku surakshithamaayi praveshikkaan" anuvadikkunna pathinaalu pooyintukalile vaagdaanam polandinu dancigil avakaashavaadam unnayichu, athinaal swatantra nagaramaya daansiginte vittuveezhcha.
franch premiier georges clemenzo yuu. yuu. yum enna nilayil britiish nayathanthratthinte pravartthanamaayirunnu dansiginte swatantra nagaram.ezz. president vudro vilson dansiginte (gdansk) polandinte avakaashavaadathe pinthunachu, britiish pradhaanamantri david lloyd jorjinte ethirppukal maathramaan dansiginte polandilekkulla yathraye thadanjathu. swatantra nagaram srishtichittum, britishukaar daansiginte swatantra nagaratthinte pravarthanakshamathayil vishwasichilla, lloyd jorj akkaalat ezhuthi "france naale avalude avakaashathe ethirkkukayaanenkil france athinuvendi poraadum. ennaal nammal daansiginaayi yuddham cheyyumo?"jarmman videshakaarya sekrattari arther balfour 1918-leeii venalkkaalath ezhuthiyathu, jarmmankaarkk dhruvangalodu ithra bheekaramaaya avahelanamundennum dhaarmmikamaayi nyaayeekarikkappettaalum jarmmankaar orikkalum bhoomi nashtappedunnathu amgeekarikkillennum atharamoru sahacharyam yudhathinu kaaranamakumennum jarmmankaarkk polandinu oru pradeshavum nashtappedunnathu budhishoonyamaanennum. 1919leeii paarees samaadhaanasammelanathinide, jarmmankaarkk mattu slavik janathayodoppam dhruvangalodu angeyattam avahelanamundaayirunnathil atharam nashtangal avarude vikaarangale aazhathil vranappeduthukayum yudhathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheiyumennathinaal polandinulla jarmman pradeshika nashtam kuraykkaan britishukaar nirantharam shramichu. franch-jarmman shathruthayude ellah kayppukalkkum jarmmankaarkk franchukaarodu orutharam veruppu niranja bahumanamundaayirunnu, athu dhruvangal vare vyapichirunnilla. paarees samadhana sammelanathil, britiish charitrakaaranaaya jaims headlam-morleyude adhyakshathayil germmaniyum polandum thammilulla athirthikal evideyaayirikkanamennu anweshikkunna oru kammeeshan daansiginte charithrathekkurichu gaveshanam aarambhichu. dancig munkaalangalil oru swatantra nagaramaayirunnuvennu kandethiyappol, headlam-morley oru mikacha othutheerppu parihaaramaayi kanakkakkiya oru pariharam konduvannu, athinu keezhil dancig veendum germmaniyudeyo polandinteyo bhaagamallaatha oru swatantra nagaramaayi maarum. dancig polandinte bhaagamaakunnathine britishukaar ethirthappol franchukaarum amerikkakkarum dancig germmaniyude bhaagamaakunnathine athirthathinaal, swatantra nagaramaya dansiginekkurichulla headlam-morleyude vittuveezhcha sweekarichu.
dansiginu chuttumulla graamapradeshangal valareyadhikam poolish aayirunnu, dansiginu chuttumulla poolish karshakarude prathinidhikal polandil cheraan aagrahikkunnuvennu paranju swatantra nagaramaya dancigil ulppeduthiyathaayi parathippettu. thangalude bhaagathuninnu, dansigile jarmman janasamkhyayude prathinidhikal germmaniyil ninnu verpeduthappettathaayi paraathippedukayum swatantra nagaramaya dansigine "reachil" punarnirmmikkanamenn nirantharam aavasyappedukayum cheythu. swatantra nagaratthinte nilanilppil orikkalum dancig deseeya swathuabodham uyarnnuvannitillennum dansigile jarmman janatha ellaayppozhum germmaniyil ninnu anyaayamaayi purathaakkappetta jarmankaaraayi svayam kanakkakkunnuvennum canadian charitrakaaranaaya maargarat mcmillan ezhuthi. dansiginte nashtam jarmman deseeya abhimaanathe aazhathil vedanippikkukayum yudhakaalakhattathil jarmman desheeyavaadikal "kizhakk thuranna murivine" kurichu samsaarikkukayum cheythu, athu swatantra nagaramaya dansigaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, gdiniyayude nirmmaanam vare, polandinte kayattumathiyellam dancig vazhiyaan kadannupoyathu, poolish sambadvyavasthayil germmanic "chokku-hold" undaayirikkunnathine poolish pothujanabhipraayam ethirthu.
pradesham.
dancig (1920-39) enna swatantra nagaratthil dancig nagaram (gdansk), sopot (sopot), oliva (oliva), tigenhoff (nauyi dwar gdansky), nyoottich (nauyi staa), motham 1,966 chathurashra kilometer () visthruthiyulla 252 graamangalum 63 graamangalum ulppedunnu. dancig (1818 muthal), sopot (1920 muthal) ennee nagarangal swatantra nagarangal (stadcrise) roopeekarichu, athesamayam matellaa pattanangalum munisippaalittikalum moonnu grameena jillakalil onninte (landcrise) bhaagamaayirunnu, dansiger hohe (randum dancig nagaratthil irikkunnu), tigenhoffil irikkunnu.
1928ll 58 chathurashra kilometer shudhajala uparithalam ulppede 1,952 chathurashra kilometer visthruthiyullathaayirunnu athinte pradesham. athirthikku 290.5 kilometer neelamundaayirunnu, athil theerapradesham 66.35 kilometres.
vezhsaay udambadi prakaram poolish avakashangal prakhyaapichu.
swatantra nagaratthe polandu videshathu prathinidheekarikkukayum athumaayi oru kasttams yooniyanil cherukayum venam. swatantra nagaratthe puthuthayi srishticha polandumaayi bandhippikkunna jarmman railway line polandaanu niyanthrikkendathu, athupole thanne swatantra nagaratthinte pradeshathe ellah railway lainukalum. 1920 november 9nuu dancigil oru poolish nayatantra prathinidhiyude saannidhyam nalkunna oru kanvenshanil poolish sarkkarum dancig adhikaarikalum thammil oppuvachu. article 6 ll, swatantra nagara sarkkaarumaayi munkootty koodiyaalochikkaathe daansigumaayi bandhapetta anthaaraashtra karaarukalonnum avasaanippikkillenn poolish sarkkar etteduthu.
nilavilulla munisippal postopheesinu purame oru prathyeka poolish postopheesum sthaapichu.
leag oof nations hicommissionermaar.
amgaraajyangale ealppicha nirbandhitha pradeshangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, swatantra nagaramaya dancig (saar thadatthinte pradesham pole) leag oof neshansinte adhikaarathin keezhilaanu thudarnnathu. vividha raajyangalile prathinidhikal hicommissionerude punk etteduthu
hansiatic sitti" enna padam audyogika naamatthinte bhaagamaayi upayogikkaan nagara-samsthaanangale anuvadikkaan leag oof nations visammathichu; ithu hansiatic leagile daansiginte deerghakaala amgathvathe soochippikkunnu.
samsthaana constabulary.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham swatantra nagaram roopeekarichathode 1919 august 19nuu oru suraksha police seena roopeekarikkappettu. 1920 epril 9nuu "musicorps" enna sainika shailiyilulla march baand roopeekarikkappettu. samgeethasamvidhaayakan ernst stiberitsinte neethrthwathil police baand nagaratthilum videshathum prashasthamaayi. 1921-ll daansiginte sarkkar muzhuvan sthaapanatheyum parishkarikkukayum "shuttspolisi" allengil protection police sthaapikkukayum cheythu. helmut frobos poleesinte presidentaayi (athaayath. iii. cheef) 1921 epril 1 nuu. jarmman nagaram pidichedukkunnathuvare addeham eee padaviyil sevanamanushtichu.
12 parisarangalil ninnum 7 rajistreshan pooyintukalil ninnumaanu police thudakkathil pravarthichathu. 1926ll parisarangalude ennam 7 aayi kuranju.
senatt naasi adhikaaramettathinusesham, abhipraaya swaathanthryavum rashtreeya viyojipum adichamarthaan poleesine kooduthalaayi upayogichu. 1933-ll, frobos idathupaksha pathrangalaya "dansiger volksttime", "dansiger landesettang" enniva yathaakramam 2 maasavum 8 divasavum prasidheekaranangal nirtthivaykkaan utharavittu.
1939 aayappozhekkum poolish-jerman bandham vashalaavukayum yudhathinu saadhyathayundennu thonnukayum cheythu. samgharsham undaayal nagaratthinullile poolish instaaleshanukal pidichedukkaan police padhathiyidukayum cheythu. aathyanthikamayi dancig police septambar prachaaranatthil pankedutthu, praadeshika ezz. ezz. esinum jarmman sainyathinum oppam nagaratthile poolish poost offeesilum westerplaattilum poraadi.
1939 octoberil naasi jarmmani swatantra nagaram audyogikamaayi pidichadakkiyenkilum police seena erekkure oru niyama nirvvahana ejansiyaayi thudarnnu. nagaratthil ninnu 35 kilometer kizhakkayi police president 1939 muthal 1941 november vare thadankalppaalayamaayi nadathiyirunna stuthoff thadankalppaalayam 1945ll soviyatt union kaivashappeduthiyappol bharanam avasaanichu.
janasamkhya.
swatantra nagaratthile janasamkhya 1929ll 357,000 (1919) ll ninnu 408,000 aayi uyarnnu; audyogika sensus prakaram 95 sathamaanam jarmmankaaraayirunnu, bakkiyullavar pradhaanamaayum kashubian allengil dhruvangalaayirunnu. iii. anusarichu. udaaharanathinu, swatantra nagaratthinte janasamkhyaa rajisttarukal kaanikkunnath 1929-ll poolish janasamkhya 35,000 aayirunnu, allengil janasamkhyayude 10.7%.
1929 leeii poolish janasamkhya ekadesham 22,000 allengil janasamkhyayude 6 shathamaanamaanennu henrique stepniyaakk kanakkakkunnu, ithu 1930 kalil ekadesham 13 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. kanakkakkiya votting reethikale adisthaanamaakki (stepniyaakk anusarichu poolish partykalkku pakaram niravadhi dhruvangal catholica centremspartic vottu cheythu), nagaratthile dhruvangalude ennam athil thamasikkunna katholikkarude 25-30% allengil ekadesham 30-36 ayiram aalukalaanennu stepniyaakk kanakkakkunnu. nagaratthil rajisttar cheytha 4,000 poolish pouranmaar ulppede, poolish janasamkhya janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 1>% aanennu stepniyaakk kanakkakki. ithinu vipareethamaayi 130,000 katholikkaril 10 sathamaanavum poolish vamshajaraanenn stephaan samarsky kanakkakkunnu. 30kalude avasaanathil poolish janasamkhya 20 shathamaanathilethiyathaayi andrej drisimsky kanakkakkunnu (yudhathinushesham ethiya dhruvangal ulppede). 
1920kalilum 1930kalilum poolish janasamkhya aanupaathikamaayi vardhikkukayum 1939ll randaam lokamahaayudham aarambhikkunnathin thottumunbu 20 sathamaanam aayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. 1936ll swatantra nagaramaya dansigile janasamkhyayude 20 sathamaanam dhruvangalaanennu catholica purohithanaaya francisec rogasevsky kanakkakki. dancig janasamkhyayude vamsheeyavum bhashaaparavumaaya swathuangal thammilulla poruthakkedukal janasamkhyaaparamaaya kanakkukoottalukalude krithyathaye sankeernamaakkunnu-athesamayam swatantra nagaramaya dansigile 95 sathamaanam nivaasikalum jarmman samsaarikkunnavaraayirunnu, niravadhi dhruvangal dwibhasha bhaashakalum jarmman samsaarikkunnavayumaayirunu, atharam kanakkukoottalukalil ulppeduthiyittundu. pomeranian bhashayil ninnu avarude bhasha uruthirinjathum svanthamaayi swathanthramaaya swathuamullathumaaya mattoru padinjaaran slavik grouppaaya kashoobukalaayirunnu mattoru pradhana nyoonapakshangal. koodaathe, kulturkampf niyamangalude falamaayi, nagaratthile janasamkhyayude 40 shathamaanatholam varunna jarmman catholicar poolish deseeya prasthaanatthe pinthunaykkukayum poolish thaalpparyangalkkayi nilakollukayum cheythu. catholica purohithanmareyum catholica sentar partyile pravartthakareyum amgangaleyum arast cheythukondu ensdap aadipathyamulla dancig senatt avatharippicha catholica virudha niyamanirmmanam ithu kooduthal vashalakki. catholica sentar party dancig dhruvangalodu souhrudaparamaayirunnu, pala dhruvangalum poolish samghadanakalkku pakaram sentar partic vottu cheythu. dansigile jarmman catholica purohithanmaarum poolish nyoonapakshathe shakthamayi pinthunachu, dansigile bishop edward ooo 'rourk dancig dhruvangalude thaalpparyangalkkayi sajeevamaayi poraadi.
1929ll dansigile poolish pouranaaya tudues kijansky 1923leeii audyogika sensus phalangale chodyam cheythu, athinte adisthaanathil dancig janasamkhyayude 3 muthal 1 sathamaanam vare maathramaan poolish. itharathilulla sensus nadathunnathinulla saadhaaranavum vivekapoornnavum theliyikkappettathumaya maarggathil ninnulla vyathiyaanamaan" police nadatthiya sensus ennu kijansky choondikkaatti. sensus nadathunnathinulla chumatala vahichirunna police udyogastharil bhooribhaagavum jarmman pouranmaaraayirunnu, avarude sevana kaalayalavil dancig pourathvam nalkappettu, koodaathe praadeshika jarmman ithara janataye bhayappeduthunna niravadhi sambhavangalum undaayittund. sensus palappozhum oro pouranodum nerittu chodikkunnathinupakaram bhoovudamakalo veettudamastharo nalkunna vivarangale aashrayichirunnu; thalphalamaayi, sensasinte phalangal desheeyathayude daattayude kaaryatthil yadhaartha anupaathathil ninnu kaaryamaaya vyathiyanangal kaanikkunnuvenn kijansky prasthaavichu. kijansky parayunnathanusarichu, eee bheeshaniyudeyum jarmman thozhiludamakalude sammarddathinteyum falamaayi dansigile pala dhruvangalum sensasil avarude deseeyatha velippeduthiyittilla. swatantra nagaratthile sthiramaaya janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 1> dhruvangalaanennu addeham kanakkaakkiyenkilum dansigile ellah videshikaludeyum 60 sathamaanam dhruvangalayirunnathinaal yadhaartha dhruvangalude ennam kooduthalaayirikkaamennu addeham abhiprayappettu.
puthuthayi roopeekaricha samsthaanathinu thaamasthalatthinte adisthaanathil svanthamaayi pourathvam undaayirikkanamennu vezhsaay udambadi aavashyappedunnu. swatantra nagaram roopeekarichathode jarmman nivaasikalkk avarude jarmman pourathvam nashtappettuvenkilum samsthaanam nilanilkkunnathinte aadya rund varshathinullil athu veendum nedaanulla avakasham avarkk nalkappettu. jarmman pourathvam aagrahikkunna eathoraalkkum avarude swath upekshichu germmaniyude sheshikkunna bhaagangalil dancig pradeshathinu purathu thaamasikkendivannu.
matham.
1924ll janasamkhyayude aii. dii. 2 protestant aayirunnu (220,731 perr, kooduthalum yunaittad ooldu-prussian sabhayile lutheranmaar), aii. dii. 1 roman catholica (140,797 perr), 2.4% juthanmaar (9,239 perr). mattu protestantukalil 5,604 mennonaittukal, 1,934 kaalvinistukal (parishkarichavar), 1,093 snapanakkaar, 410 swatantra mathavishwaasikal, athupole 2,129 viyojippukal, mattu mathangalilum vibhaagangalilum ninnulla 1,394 vishwaasikal, 664 mathaviruddhar ennivar ulppedunnu. 1910ll 2,717 ayirunna joothasamooham 1923ll 7,282 aayum 1929ll 10,448 aayum valarnnu, avaril palarum polandil ninnum russiayil ninnum kudiyeriyavaraayirunnu.
swatantra nagaramaya daansiginte praadeshika synadal federation.
munbu pazhaya-russian yooniyante (ekaapu) ivaanchalikkal sabhayude "padinjaaran prashyayile eklisistikkal pravishya" yill ulppettirunna swatantra nagaratthinte pradeshathu sthithicheyyunna kooduthalum lutheran, bhaagikamaayi parishkaricha sabhakal 1920 nuu sesham "swatantra nagaramaya daansiginte praadeshika synadal federation" aayi parivartthanam cheyyappettu. aaa eklisistikkal pravishyayude executive bodiyaaya kansteeshanari (ezz. tii.). 1886 november 1), dancigil irikkukayaayirunnu. 1920 nuu sesham swatantra nagaratthinte pradeshathinullile aaa sabhakalkkulla utharavaadithathil ithu parimithappedutthi. general suuprandum (<aii. dii. 2>) bishop (<aii. dii. 1>) onninupurake onnaayi kansteeshanarikk adhyakshatha vahichu.
ekaappuvumaayulla sahakaranathe ethirtha randaamathe poolish republicil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, volkstagum daansiginte senattum athirthi kadannulla mathasthaapanangale amgeekarichu. svayambharana memmalaandinte praadeshika synadal federation pole daansiginte praadeshika synadal federation ekaappuvinullil oru sabhaa pravishyayude padavi nilanirtthi.
1939ll jarmman swatantra nagaram pidichadakkiyathinusesham, 1940ll ekkaapu dancig regional synadal federatione dancig-vestt prashyayile sabhaa mekhalayumaayi layippichu. polandile ekeekritha ivaanchalikkal sabhayude poolish sabhakal, padinjaaran prashyayile samananaamamaaya reachsgow dancig, padinjaaran prashyayile jarmman sabhakal enniva ithil ulppedunnu. dansiginte kansttidari aaa pradeshatthinte oru executive bodiyaayi pravarthichu. 1945num 1948num idayil swatantra nagaramaya dancigil ninnu mikka jarmman protestant edavakakkaarum palayanam cheyyukayum purathaakkappedukayum cheythathode sabhakal aprathyakshamaayi.
1945 maarchil, kanstettari lubekkilekku maarukayum upper kanstettoriyal kaunsilarude neethrthwathil dansigezhsinaayi (hilfstelle beyim ivanchalischen koonsistooriyam dancig) oru abhayaarthi kendram thurakkukayum cheythu. lutheran sabha sent. meriyude palliykk athinte vilapetta paarament shekharam maattaan kazhiyukayum prisbittari athu sent. yudhaanantharam lubekkilulla annan museum. 1940 muthal yuddha aavasyangalkkaayi vermact ferres ithara lohamaayi aavasyappettirunna, ennaal sambharanathil avasheshichirunna, ithuvare uruthirinjittillaath, (udha.jii. ) britiish adhinivesha mekhalayil. yuddham moolam munny nashtappetta vadakkupadinjaaran jarmman lutheran sabhakalkkaan presbitteriyakal saadhaaranayaayi avaa nalkiyathu.
roman catholica sabhayude dancig roopatha.
1922ll swatantra nagarapradeshathe 36 catholica edavakakal kooduthalum poolish roopathayaaya kulminteyum kooduthalum jarmman roopathayaaya ermlandinteyum thulya oharikalaayirunnu. randaamathe poolish republic swatantra nagaratthinullile ellah edavakakalum poolish kulminte bhaagamaakanamenn aagrahichappol, volkstagum senattum avarellam jarmman ermlandinu vidheyamaakanamennu aagrahichu. 1922-ll hollie zee swatantra samsthaanathile avarude edavakakalude mail rund roopathakaludeyum adhikaraparidhi thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivaykkukayum pradeshathinu oru ozhivakkappetta apostolica bharanam sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
aadyathe apostolica bharanadhikaariyaaya edward oo 'rourk (minskill janichathum airish vamsajarum) 1925 ll bharanathe ozhivakkiya roopathayilekku uyarthiya avasarathil daansiginte bishappayi. athe avasarathil thanne addeham dansigaraayi swaabhaavikavalkkarikkuppadu. 1938ll poolish vamshajaraaya edavaka purohithanmaarude niyamanathecholli naasi aadipathyamulla dancig senattumaayulla tharkkathe thudarnnu addeham raajivachu. pinneedu oru poolish pouranaayitheernna ooo 'roorkkine swaabhaavikavalkkarikkaanum senatt prerippichu. ooo 'roorkkinte pingamiyaayi free sitti eriyayil ninnulla bishop kaal maria splett adhikaaramettu.
swatantra nagaram jarmman adhiniveshathinushesham splett bishappayi thudarnnu. 1941-nte thudakkathil, aarch bishop adolph bertraminte kizhakkan jarmman eklisistikkal pravisyayil dancig roopathaye amgamaayi amgeekarikkaan addeham apekshichu, angane bishappumaarude fulda konfaransil; ennirunnaalum, fulda konfaransinte speaker koodiyaaya bertram abhyarthana nirasichu. daansiginte adhiniveshathinu anthaaraashtra amgeekaaram illaathathinaal swatantra nagaramaya dancig naasi germmaniyumaayi kootticherkkappettu enna vaadangal bertramine aakarshichilla. dansigileyum germmaniyude muun kizhakkan pradeshangalileyum catholica roopathakalude punasamghadana vare roopathakalude pradesham maattamillathe thudarukayum zee ozhivaakkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1945 num 1948 num idayil daansiginte janasamkhyaykku pakaram kooduthalum catholica dhruvangal vannathode, catholica edavakakalude ennam vardhikkukayum munkaala protestant pallikal catholica sevanangalkkayi ettedukkukayum cheythu.
jootha dansigermar.
1883 muthal pilkkala swathanthraraajyapradeshathe mikka joothasabhakalum dansigile sinagogal samoohathil layichu. 1938 vare tigenhoffile juthanmaar maathramaan svanthamaayi sabha nadathiyirunnathu.
vadakke amerikkayilekkulla poolish, russian jootha kudiyettatthinte kendramaayi dancig maari. 1920num 1925num idayil 60,000 juthanmaar dancig vazhi amerikkayilekkum kaanadayilekkum kudiyeri. athe samayam, 1923num 1929num idayil dansiginte swantham jootha janasamkhya ekadesham 7,000ll ninnu 10,500 aayi uyarnnu. thaddesheeya juthanmaarum puthumukhangalum nagaratthil svayam sthaapikkukayum athinte pourajeevithathinum samskaarathinum sambadvyavasthaykkum sambhavana nalkukayum cheythu. 1924 septambar 2 nuu shutsenhouse vediyil jootha yuvaakkalude loka union sthaapicha david benn-guriyon pankeduttha vividha raajyangalile jootha yuvajana samghadanakalil ninnulla prathinidhikalude kanvenshan polulla jootha samghadanakalude anthaaraashtra yogangalude vediyaayi dancig maari. 1926 march 21 nuu "siyanistische oorganaiseshan pharr dancig" hebruvine pothu bhashayaayi upayogichukondu dancigil nadanna aadya konfaransinaayi allaayidathuninnumulla hechalutsinte prathinidhikale vilichukootti, athil benn gurion pankedutthu.
volkkstaagilum senattilum naasi bhooripakshathode, yootha virudha peedanavum vivechanavum adhikaarikalude anumathiyillathe nadannu. 1931 muthal mooladhana bahirpravaaha niyanthranam earppeduthiya germmaniyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, daansiginte joothanmaarude kudiyettam alppam eluppamaayirunnu, mooladhana kaimaattam baank oof dancig saadhyamaakki. koodaathe, thaarathamyena kurachu dancig juthanmaarkku anukoolamaaya soujanya nagara kudiyetta kwaattakal kaaranam surakshita rajyangalil eluppathil abhayam nalki.
1938 novemberil germmaniyil nadanna kristtalnaachinte jootha virudha kalaapathin sesham, samanamaaya kalapangal novemberil dancigil nadannu. 1939ll eee mahathaaya sinagog praadeshika adhikaarikal ettedukkukayum polichuneekkukayum cheythu. mikka juthanmaarum ithinakam nagaram vittupoyi, 1939nte thudakkathil dansigile jootha samooham svanthamaayi kudiyettam samghadippikkaan theerumaanichu.
raashtreeyam.
sarkkar.
swatantra nagaramaya daansiginte senattaanu swatantra nagaratthe bharichirunnathu, ithu paarlament (volkstaag) naalu varshathe niyamanirmmaana kaalayalavilekku thiranjedutthu. poolish bhaashayude upayogam niyamaprakaaram urappunalkiyittundengi audyogika bhasha jarmman aayirunnu. swatantra nagaratthile rashtreeya partykal weimer germmaniyile rashtreeya partykalumaayi bandhappettirunnu; 1920kalile ettavum swaadheenamulla partykal yaadhaasthithika jarmman naashanal peeples party, swatantra nagaramaya daansiginte soshyal demookratik party, catholica sentar party ennivayaayirunnu. 1921ll spartacus leagilum kizhakkan prashyayile communist partyilum uthbhavicha oru communist party sthaapithamaayi. niravadhi liberal paarttikalum swatantra vottar associationukalum nilanilkkukayum thiranjeduppil vyathyastha vijayangalumayi malsarikkukayum cheythu. oru poolish party poolish nyoonapakshathe prathinidheekarikkukayum 3 sathamaanam (1933) muthal 6 sathamaanam (1920) vare vottu nedukayum cheythu (motham 1933ll 4,358 vottukalum 1920ll 9,321 vottukalum).
thudakkathil, naasi partic cheria vijayam maathrame undaayirunnulloo (1927-ll 0.8% vottu), athu hraswakaalathekku polum pirichuvidappettu. dushkaramaaya saambathika kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathodum germmaniyil naasi party vardhichuvarunna janapreethiyodum koodi athinte swaadheenam valarnnu. 1930 octoberil albert forsttar gauleettaraayi. 1933 meyy 28-leeii volkstaag thiranjeduppil naasikal 50 sathamaanam vottukal nedukayum 1933 juunil senattinte niyanthranam ettedukkukayum herman raushning dancig senattinte prasidantaakukayum cheythu. germmaniyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, swatantra nagaramaya dancigil naasi party thaarathamyena durbalamaayirunnu, koodaathe naasi bharanakoodatthe athinte bharanathiludaneelam baadhicha "prakopanaparamaaya vibhageeya poraattangal" kaaranam asthiramaayi thudarnnu. party amgathvam pothuve kuravaayirunnu, 1935leeii dancig thiranjeduppu "naasikalude thiranjeduppu paraajayathinu thulyamaayirunnu". janaadhipathya prathipaksham shakthamayi thudarukayum 1935num 1937num idayil naasi gleachshaltung nayangal thaalkkaalikamaayi thadayaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. jarmman catholicar poolish nyoonapakshathe pinthunaykkukayum mikka dancig dhruvangalum catholica sentar partic vottu cheyyukayum cheythu. soshyal demokraattukal katholikkarumaayum druvangalumaayum sahakarikkaan thayyarayirunnu, dansigile catholica sabha poolish anukoolavum deseeya soshyalisathe ethirthathum aayirunnu.
1934 novemberil forsttar roushningine sthaanathuninnu neekkam cheyyukayum pakaram arther greasere niyamikkukayum cheythu. 1935leeii thiranjeduppil naasikalkk vottu cheyyaruthennu addeham pinneedu pothujanangalodu abhyarthichu. niravadhi raashtreeyakkaare jayililadakkukayum kollukayum cheythathode naasikalodulla rashtreeya ethirppu adichamarthappettu. thozhil srishtikkal paripaadikalkkulla pothuchelavu vardhippicha daansiginte naasi neethrthwathilulla sarkkaarinte saambathika nayam, germmaniyil ninnulla saambathika sahayam vettikkurachathu 1935 ll dansiger guldante 40 sathamaanathiladhikam moolyathakarchaykku kaaranamaayi. baank oof daansiginte swarnna shekharam 1933 ll 30 dasalaksham guldenil ninnu 1935 ll 13 dasalakshamaayum videsha aasthi shekharam 10 dashalakshathil ninnu 250,000 guldanaayi kuranju. 1935ll daansiginte senatt guldante moolyam kurachathode poolish slotic thulyamaayirikkumenn polandu prathishedhichu.
jarmmaniyilennapole, naasikal enable aakttineyum neuremberg niyamangaleyum (november 1938) prathifalippikkunna niyamangal avatharippichu; nilavilulla paarttikalum unionukalum kramena nirodhichu. ennirunnaalum leag oof neshansinte saannidhyam kuranjathu niyamaparamaaya urappu urappunalkunnu. 1935ll poolish party ozhikeyulla prathipaksha partykal volkstaag thiranjeduppile krithrimathvathil prathishedhichu dancig haikkodathiyil cases phayal cheythu. daansigile jootha samoohatheppole prathipakshavum leag oof neshansinodu prathishedhichu. dansigile naasi partyile amgangalude ennam 1934 juunil 21,861 aayirunnathil ninnu 1938 septambaril 48,345 aayi uyarnnu.
videsha bandhangal.
videshabandhangal kaikaaryam cheythath polandaanu. 1927ll swatantra nagaramaya dancig boliviyayilekku oru sainika upadeshaka dauthyathe ayachu. hernando siles reysinte bolivian sarkkar onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbulla jarmman sainika dauthyam thudaraan aagrahichenkilum vezhsaay udambadi athu nirodhichu. ernst roome ulppedeyulla jarmman udyogasthare dancig police senayilekku maattukayum thudarnnu boliviyayilekku ayaykkukayum cheythu. 1929ll, dauthyathile prashnangalkk sesham, britiish embassy jarmman udyogastharude madakkam kaikaaryam cheythu.
jarmman-poolish samgharshangal.
swatantra nagarapradeshathinullile randaamathe poolish republicinte avakashangal 1920 november 9 leeii paarees udambadiyilum 1921 october 24 leeii varso udambadiyilum vyavastha cheythittundu. poolish aanukoolyangalude vishadaamshangal taamasiyaathe praadeshika janangalum poolish bharanakoodavum thammilulla tharkkangalude sthiramaaya vishayamaayi maari. swatantra nagaratthinte prathinidhikal nagaratthinte svayambharanavum paramadhikaaravum uyarthippidikkaan shramichappol, polandu athinte aanukoolyangal vipuleekarikkaan shramichu.
poolish-soviyatt yudhathiludaneelam, praadeshika doock thozhilaallikal panimudakkukayum poolish sainyathin vedikkoppukal irakkaan visammathikkukayum cheythu. oduvil britiish sainyam vedikkoppukal irakkiyappol, westerplaattil oru sthiramaaya vedicope dippo sthaapikkunnathilekkum 1932 meyy maasathil motham kayattumathiyum irakkumathiyum dansiginekkaal kooduthalaaya oru vyapara, naavika thuramukhathinte nirmmaanathilekkum eee sambhavam nayichu. 1925 desemberil, yudhasaamagrikalude dippo samrakshikkunnathinaayi westerplat upadveepil 88 peradangunna oru poolish sainika gaard sthaapikkaan leag oof nations kaunsil sammathichu.
yudhakaalakhattathil poolish nyoonapakshathodu jarmman janatha valareyadhikam vivechanam kaanikkukayum avar vamseeya adhikshepangalum peedanangalum upayogichu amgangale parasyamaayi akramikkukayum jarmman vidyaarthikalude poolish konsulettinethiraaya aakramanangale adhikaarikal prashamsikkukayum cheythu. 1932 juunil, britiish distroyarukalude oru schwadronine swaagatham cheyyaan senattinte anumathiyillathe poolish distroyer oorpu "vicharine" dancig thuramukhathekku ayachappol oru prathisandhi pottipurappettu. witcher" dancig thuramukhathekku thirike kondupokillennu vaagdaanam cheythathinu pakaramaayi swatantra nagaram poolish naavikasenaykku kooduthal praveshana avakashangal nalkiyathodeyaanu prathisandhi pariharikkappettath.
danzig polandum thammilulla niravadhi tharkkangal thudarchayaayi nadannu. westerplat dippo, nagarathinullil poolish lettar boxukal sthaapikkal, thuramukhathu poolish yudhakkappalukalude saannidhyam ennivaykkethire swatantra nagaram prathishedhichu. poolish iloo prathinidhiyude prathishedhathetthudarnnu leag oof nationsile sthiram anthaaraashtra neethi kodathi anthaaraashtra thozhil samghadanayil cheraanulla swatantra nagaratthinte sramam nirasichu.
adolph hitlar germmaniyil adhikaarathil vannathinushesham, puthiya chansalarude prathikaranam pareekshikkunnathinayi poolish sainyam westerplatteyil 88 sainikarude ennam erattiyaayi. prathishedhathe thudarnnu adhika sainikare pinvalichu. 1933 meyy maasathil nadanna volkstaag thiranjeduppil naasikal eee sambhavangal upayogichu, athil naasikalkk kevala bhooripaksham labhichu.
1933 juun vare, danzig polandum thammilulla 66 tarkka kesukalil hicommissioner vidhichu; 54 kesukalil kakshikaliloraal anthaaraashtra neethinyaaya sthira kodathiyil appeel nalki. 1933-leeii venalkkaalath anthaaraashtra kodathiyile kooduthal appeelukalil ninnu vittunilkkan iruvarum sammathikkukayum ubhaykakshi karaarukal avasanippikkukayum cheythathinetthudarnnu senattum polandum thammilulla nerittulla charchakaliloode thudarnnulla tharkkangal pariharikkapettu.
1934leeii jarmman-poolish noonn-aggression udambadiyude pashchaathalatthil, dancig-poolish bandham mechappedukayum poolish virudha nadapadikal avasaanippikkaan adolph hitlar praadeshika naasi sarkkarinodu nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. pakaramaayi, dansigile naasi virudha prathipakshatthinte pravartthanangale polandu pinthunachilla. germmaniyile poolish ambasseder joseph lipsky herman goringumaayulla koodikkazhchayil paranju.
"... swatantra nagravum polandum thammil oru anurajanam konduvannathinaal dansigile oru deseeya soshyalist senattum njangalude kazhchappadil ettavum abhikaamyamaanennu njaan addehathe ormmippikkaan aagrahikkunnu, njangal ellaayppozhum aabhyanthara dancig prasnangalil ninnu akannunilkkunnu. prathipaksha partykal aavarthichu sameepanakal nadathiyittum, senattinethire nadapadiyedukkaan njangale prerippikkanulla eathoru shramavum njangal nirasichu. dansigile poolish nyoonapakshathinu thiranjeduppu samayat prathipakshavumayi chernnupokaruthennu nirddeshichathaayi njaan valare rahasyamaayi paraamarshichu."
kaal jeey. 1937 februvariyil burkhard hicommissionaraayi, dhruvangalum jarmmankaarum addehathinte pinvaangaline parasyamaayi swaagatham cheyyukayum senattumaayo naasi partyumaayo ulla budhimuttukal undaayal "poolish bharanakoodatthinte pinthuna aashrayikkaruthenn" poolish videshakaarya mantri joseph beck addehathe ariyikkukayum cheythu.
senatt polandumaayulla karaarukale maanikkunnathayi thonniyappol, "daansiginte naseekaranam ashraanthamaayi thudarnnu", polandile jarmman, ukreniyan nyoonapakshangalkkidayil poolish virudha prachaaranathinulla oru springboardaayi dancig maari. 1937 octoberil naalu poolish pouranmaare koodi edavaka purohithanmaaraayi niyamikkaan shramichathine thudarnnu dansigile catholica bishop edward oo 'rourk pinmaran nirbandhithanaayi.
dancig prathisandhi.
1938 octoberil nadanna myoonikk konfaransinu thottupinnaale jarmman videshakaarya mantri jokim voonn rebentrope swatantra nagaratthe reachil ulppeduthanamennu aavashyappettappol jarmman nayam parasyamaayi maari. germmaniyile poolish ambasseder joseph lipsky rebentropinte vaagdaanam nirasikkukayum poolish pothujanabhipraayam germmaniyil cherunna swatantra nagaratthe sahikillennum varso athu anuvadichaal 1926 muthal polandu bharichirunna "sanition" sainika svechaadhipathyam attimarikkappedumennu pravachichu. 1939 march 29 nuu ernst voonn weisecker dancig sarkkarinodu "raike" polandinekkurichulla "sermurbangspolitic" (naasha pooyint) oru nayam nadappaakkumennu paranju, oru vittuveezhcha pariharam aavasyamillennu paranju, 1939 epril 5 nuu hans-adolph voonn moltkeyodu oru vyavasthayilum dhruvangalumayi charcha cheyyillennu paranju.
1939 leeii vasanthakaalathum venalkkaalathum "reachinte veedu" enna mudraavaakyathinu keezhil swatantra nagaramaya dancig jarmmaniyilekku udan thirike nalkanamennu aavasyappettu germmaniyil oru valia maadyama pracharanam nadannu.". ennirunnaalum, dancig prathisandhi yudhathinulla oru ozhikazhivu mathramaayirunnu. swatantra nagaram jarmmaniyilekku madangivarumenna dhruvangalude valia bhayamayathinaal polandile jarmman ambasadaraaya kaundu hans-adolph voonn moltkeyodu dansiginu mukalilulla dhruvangalumayi charcha cheyyaruthennu rebentrope utharavittu, athuvazhi polandine akramikkunnathinulla "reachy" neey athinte nyaayeekaranathil ninnu illaathaakki.
august pakuthiyode, beck oru elavu vaagdaanam cheythu, daansiginte aachaarangalude niyanthranam upekshikkaan polandu thayyaaraanenn paranju, ithu berlinil roshathinu kaaranamaayi. ennirunnaalum, swatantra nagaratthile nethaakkal 1939 august 19 nuu berlinilekk oru sandesham ayachu "gaulaittar" forsttar avakaashavaadangal neettaan uddeshikkunnu...dhruvangal veendum vilavu nalkiyaal karar asaadhyamaakkunnathinaayi avakaashavaadangal kooduthal vardhippikkaan uddeshikkunnu. athe divasam thanne berlinil ninnulla oru telegram vyavasthayodoppam amgeekaaram prakadippichu "oru karaarilethaathathinteyum anantharafalangaludeyum utharavaaditham polandil nilkkunna vidhathil charchakal nadathukayum polandinethire sammarddam cheluthukayum venam". 1939 august 23nuu daansiginte "gauleettar" albert forsttar swatantra nagaram germmaniyil veendum cheranamennu vottu cheytha senattinte yogam vilichu pirimurukkangal thakarthukondirunnu. dancig samsthaana presidentine niyukthamaakkiya athe yogam, forstarine dhruvangalil valare mriduvaayi kanakkakkiya "volkish" mathabhranthanaaya arther greaserumaayi forstarinte deerghakaala sathrutha moolamaayirunnu. samsthaana presidentaayi forsttare niyamikkunnathum swatantra nagaratthe "reachil" veendum cheraan ahvaanam cheytha prameyavum 1920 ll leag oof nations dancig nalkia chaarttarinte lamghanamaayirunnu, eee vishayam leag oof neshansinte suraksha kaunsililekku charchaykkaayi kondupokendathaayirunnu.
dancig chaarttarinte eee lamghanangal leag daansiginte naasi sarkkaarine sthaanabhrashtanaakkaan kaaranamayathinaal, franchukaarum briteeshukaarum eee vishayam suraksha kaunsililekku ruffer cheiyunnathil ninnu thadanju. pakaram dancig sarkkaarine sthaanabhrashtanaakkaan oru sainika senaye ayaykkathirikkaanum prathisandhi pariharikkan oru madhyasthane niyamikkathirikkaanum briteeshukaarum franchukaarum dhruvangalil sakthamaaya sammarddam chelutthi. 1939 august avasaanathode, swatantra nagaram vazhi kayattumathi cheiyukayo irakkumathi cheiyukayo cheiyunna poolish bisinasukalude gothamb, uppu, petrol ennivayude stokkukal senatt kandukettiyathiloode prathisandhi rookshamaayi. athe divasam thanne, dancig kappalshaalakalile 200 poolish thozhilaallikale severance shambalamillaathe pirichuvidukayum avarude thirichariyal rekhakal raddaakkukayum cheythu, athaayath avarkk niyamaparamaayi dancigil thamasikkaan kazhiyilla. dancig sarkkar bhakshya rationing earppeduthi, dancig pathrangal sainikamaayi poolish virudha nilapad sweekarichu, polandumaayulla athirthiyil mikkavarum ellah divasavum "sambhavangal" nadannirunnu. yuddham aasannamaanennu vyakthamayathinaal 1939 august avasana divasangalil dansigile saadhaaranakkaar valareyadhikam aashankaakularaayirunnuvennu visheshippikkappettu. athinidayil, jarmman yudhakkappal "schleswig-holstain" august 15 nuu dancigil athiyirunnu. thudakkathil, "sauhruda sandarshanam" ennu visheshippikkappetta laitt cruiser "conigsburg" dansigilekku ayaykkaan padhathiyittirunnuvenkum avasana nimisham kooduthal vedivayppulla oru kappal aavasyamaanennu theerumaanikkukayum athu "schleswig-holstein" ennathilekku nayikkukayum athinte thokkukal maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu. dancig thuramukhathu nankooramittappol, "schleswig-holstein" westerplat upadveepile poolish sainika depoyil prakopanaparamaaya oru aamgyathil thangalude thokkukal lakshyamidukayum athu swatantra nagaratthile samgharshangal kooduthal uyarthukayum cheythu.
1939 septambar 1 nuu pularche 4.48 nuu "schleswig-holstein" westerplaattil vediyuthirkkukayum randaam lokamahaayudhathinte aadya shottukal vediyuthirkkukayum cheythu.
randaam lokamahaayudhavum athinte anantharafalangalum.
1939 septambar 1 nuu, swatantra nagaramaya dancigil jarmman adhinivesham nadanna divasam, swatantra nagaram germmaniyil ulppeduthumennu prakhyaapikkunna oru niyamathil phosttar oppuvachu. athe divasam thanne, hitlar phosttar oppitta niyamam jarmman niyamamaanennu prakhyaapikkunna oru niyamathil oppuvaykkukayum swatantra nagaramaya dancig audyogikamaayi germmaniyil samyojippikkukayum cheythu.
nagaratthile poolish sainika senakal septambar 7 vare thudarnnu.
poolish nyoonapakshatthile 4,500 vare amgangale arast cheyyukayum avaril palareyum vadikkukayum cheythu. nagaratthiluthanne noorukanakkinu poolish thadavukaar krooramaaya vadhasikshakalkkum pareekshanangalkkum vidheyaraayi, athil purushanmaare vandhyamkaranam cheiyunnathum "nordic vamshathinte vishudhikku" apakadakaramennu karuthunna sthreekale vandhyamkaranam cheiyunnathum gillattin upayogichu shirachhedam cheiyunnathum ulppedunnu. nagaratthile naasi germmaniyude neethrthwathilulla dhruvangalodulla unmoolanam nayatthinte pradhana upakaranangalilonnaan neethinyaaya samvidaanam, dhruvangal manushyathvarahithamaanenna prasthaavanakalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondaayirunnu vidhikal.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathode nagaratthinte mikkavarum muzhuvan bhaagavum thakarnnadinjirunnu. 1945 march 30nuu nagaram redu armi pidichedutthu.
1945 februvariyil nadanna yalta konfaransil eee nagaram polandinte bhagamaakumennu sakhyakakshikal sammathichu. oru aupachaarika udambadiyum swatantra nagaramaya daansiginte padaviyil orikkalum maattam varuthiyittilla, polandilekku athinte samyojanam anthaaraashtra samoohathinte pothu sammathathil adhishtithamaanu. pinneedu, pala grouppukalum pravaasatthil swatantra nagaramaya dancig sarkkaarine prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu prakhyaapichu, ithu samsthaanathinte thudarchayaanu.
1945 augustile potsdam konfaransinte theerumaanangalkku munbuthanne yudhaananthara nivaasikale puratthaakkal aarambhichu. juun muthal october vare 60,000 thaamasakkaare poolish adhikaarikal purathaakki, palappozhum poolish sayudha senayude unitukal, poolish stettu security, milicha obivethalska enniva chila pradeshangal valayam cheyyukayum puthuthayi ethiya poolish kudiyettakkaarkku idam nalkaan nivaasikale nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. ekadesham 20,000 jarmmankaar ottaykku pooyi, 1945 avasaanathode 10,000 muthal 15,000 vare yudhaananthara nivaasikal avide avasheshichu.
1950 aayappozhekkum, muun swatantra nagaratthile ekadesham 285,000 perr palayanam cheyyukayum purathaakkappedukayum cheytha pouranmaar germmaniyil thaamasikkukayum muun swatantra nagaratthile 13,424 pouranmaarkku "parisodhana" nadathukayum poolish pourathvam nalkukayum cheythu. 1947 aayappozhekkum jarmman vamshajaraaya 1,26,472 dansigermare gadanskill ninnu jarmmaniyilekku puratthaakkukayum madhya polandil ninnu 101,873 dhruvangalum soviyatt-anubandha kizhakkan polandil ninnu 26,629 dhruvangalum avarude sthaanam ettedukkukayum cheythu (eee kanakkukal gadansk nagaratthe soochippikkunnu, yudhathinu munbulla swatantra nagaratthinte muzhuvan pradeshatheyum allah).
yudhaananthara janasamkhyayude uthbhavam.
1950 desemberile poolish yudhaananthara sensus samayat, 1939 august vareyulla nivaasikalude yudhaananthara thaamasasthalangalekkurichu vivarangal shekharichu. 1939 septambarinum 1950 desemberinum idayil janicha kuttikalude kaaryatthil, avarude uthbhavam avarude ammamaarude yudhathinu munbulla thaamasasthalangale adisthaanamaakkiyaanu report cheythath. eee vivarangalude falamaayi yudhaananthara janasamkhyayude yudhaananthara bhoomishaasthraparamaaya uthbhavam punarnirmikkaan kazhiyum. yudhathinu munbulla dancig nagaravumaayi bandhapetta athe pradeshathu 1950 desemberil janavasamundaayirunnu
1950 desemberile janasamkhyayude 85 shathamaanamenkilum yudhaananthara puthumukhangalaayirunnuve 10 sathamaanathiladhikam nivaasikal ippozhum yudhathinu munbulla daansigarmaaraayirunnu (avaril bhooribhaagavum yudhaananthara poolish, kashubian nyoonapakshangalil ninnulla swatantra nagaramaya dansigile amgangal). mattoru 25 sathamaanavum yudhathinu munbulla poolish pomeraniayude ayal pradeshangalil ninnaan vannath. ekadesham 20 sathamaanavum muun kizhakkan polandile yuu. ezz. ezz. aarr. pidicheduttha pradeshangalil ninnulla dhruvangalaayirunnu (palathum vilno voyodospishil ninnullava). 1944ll erekkure nasippikkappetta varso nagaratthil ninnaan ithil palathum vannath.