
niraparaadhikalude koottakkola (brugel)

niraparaadhikalude koottakkolayude niravadhi oayil-ookku-paanal pathippukal pathinaram noottaandile netherlandish chithrakaaranmaaraaya piyattar brugal dhii elder addehathinte makan piyattar brugal dhii elder varachu. enpathu varshathe yuddham ennum ariyappedunna spanish bharanathinethiraaya dutch kalaapathinte munnodiyaayi niraparaadhikalude koottakkolayekkurichulla baibil vivaranathe netherlandsile oru shaityakaala rangamaakki eee kruthi vivarthanam cheiyunnu.
ippol brugel dhii elder (c.1565-1567) ezhuthiya eaka pathipp britiish royal shekharathilundu; kurachu kaalathekku hampton kottaaratthil nadanna 2017 aayappozhekkum athu winder kottayilaayirunnu. vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya rudolph randaaman marichupoya kuttikaludeyum marikkunna kuttikaludeyum chithrangal maraykkaan athil amithamaayi peyint cheyyaan utharavittu. mattu niravadhi pathippukal piyattar brugal dhii yangarinu avakaashappettathaan, vividha kalaa charitrakaaranmaar viyannayile kunstistorisches myoosiyathile (kashap kaanikkunna eaka pathipp), brassalile beljiyathile phine aartsinte royal myoosiyangalilum buchaarasttile romaniayile naashanal myusiyathilum ulppede 7 allengil 14 pathippukal pattikappedutthiyittundu. cheruppakkaaranaaya peettar brugel niraparaadhikalude koottakkolayude vyathyasthamaaya rachana varachu oru udaaharanam beljiyathile phine aartsinte rajakeeya myoosiyangal sookshikkunnu.
pashchaathalam.
baibilinte puthiya niyamathil vishudha mathaayi <aii. dii. 1> nte suvisheshathil vivarichirikkunna oru sambhavathe eee chithram chithreekarikkunnu bethlahemil yeshuvinte jananathekkurichu rajaavaaya nayakanodu maanthrikan paranjathinushesham, 2 vayassinu thaazheyulla bethlahemile ellah sisukkaleyum kollan addeham thante sainikarodu utharavittu. (baibil vivaranathil, oru maalaakha yeshuvinte kudumbatthinu munnariyipp nalkukayum avar eejipthilekk rakshappedukayum cheythu.) niraparaadhikalude koottakkola desember 28 nuu catholica, lutheran, engleesh sabhaa kalandarukalil kristhumassinte naalam divasamaayi anusmarikkunnu. 
enpathu varshathe yuddham ennum ariyappedunna spanish bharanathinethiraaya dutch kalaapathinte munnodiyaayi spanish sainikar adhinivesham nadatthiya spanish sainikarude perumaattathekkurichu vyaakhyaanamaayi brugal eee rangam pathinaram noottaandile netherlandish graamathilekku vivarthanam cheythu, avide spanish sainikarum jarmman koolippadayaalikalum flemish graamavaasikale akramikkunnu. aidi1-leeii valare kadinamaaya shaithyakaalam manjumoodiya ramgathinu prachodanamaayirikkaam, eevsil ninnu aisikal thoongikkidakkukayum kattiyulla aise paalikalaal moodappetta oru kulavum aazhathilulla shaithyakaalam 1565-leeii addehathinte painting "manjile vettakkar" enna chithrathinum prachodanamaayi.
pathippukal.
rajakeeya shekharathile mootha brugelinte pathipp vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya rudolph randaaman ettedukkukayum ekadesham 1600 oode praayogikaavasthayilaavukayum cheythu. rudolphinu graphik rangam eshtappettilla, athil eratta thalayulla kazhukante saamraajyathva vamshavali vahikkunna sainikar niravadhi shishukkale vadikkunnathum kuttikale vishadaamshangal kondu varaykkunnathum chithreekarichirikkunnu-bhakshanavum mrugangalum ulppedeyulla cheria vasthukkal-angane athu kunjungalude koottakkolayude rangamaayi maarathe kollayude rangamaayi maari. 1998-leeii samrakshana pravarthanangalil pilkkala overpating prathyakshappettu, royal shekharathile paintingine brugel dhii eldarinte yadhaartha pathippayi loonn campbel thiricharinju. muppath varshathe yudhathinte avasaanathil 1648ll oru sweedish sainyam prague kottayil ninnu kollayadicha saamraajyathva shekharathil ninnulla niravadhi paintingukalil onnayirikkaam eee pathippu ithu 1652 oode kristeena raajnjiyude shekharathilundaayirunnu, 1660 ll bredayil naadukadatthappetta chaals randaaman etteduthappol britiish rajakeeya shekharathilekku vannu. ithu "bravegal" <aidi 1 ", oppuvacha alavukal ennivayaayirunnu.
viyannayile kunstistorisches myoosiyathile pathipp peettar brugel dhii elder orijinal aanennu pandey karuthiyirunnu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil nyoo burgill undaayirunna ithu 1748-ll jemaldegalaric nalkappettu. ithu ippol addehathinte makanaaya piyattar brugel dhii ilayayaalo addehathinte studiyoyo pakarthiyathaayi karuthappedunnu. ithu amithamaayi varachittillathathinaal, koottakkolayude yadhaartha vishadaamshangal ithu kaanikkunnu; mattu aadyakaala pathippukalude kaaryatthilum ithu baadhakamaan. ithu "breweg" ennu oppittirikkunnu. 1593-ll brugel dhii younger oppitta addehathinte aadyakaala paintingukalilonnaaya loans-leeii-soniyarile musey dess beaux-aarttsinte kaivashamund.
mattoru pakarpp oppittu ".bravegel. 15.."aadyakaala soviyatt sarkkar vilkkunnathin munbu sweedanilaayirunnu, thudarnnu hermittej myoosiyathilaayirunnu. 1979ll paareesilum 2005ll sothebisilum 2012ll christeesilum 18 laksham poundinu ithu vittu. cbuvile brookenthaal myoosiyathil mattoru pathipp, romania 'pii' ll oppuvachittundu. bravegel '. 2009ll sothebisil vittupoya beljiyathilum netherlandilum uthbhavamulla oru pathipp, piyattar brugel dhii younger ennum parayappedunnu, ithu 4.6 milyan poundinu vittu.
vivaranam.
netherlantish pazhanchollukal", "kuttikalude geyimukal" thudangiya brugelinte niravadhi paintingukal pole, oru valia rachanayil niravadhi samanthara aakhyaana ramgangal eee paintingil ulppedunnu. pashchaathalatthil palliyil ninnu munvashathekku jolie cheiyunnu oru eettiyodukoodiya oru kuthirasavaarikkaran oru paalathinu kaaval nilkkunnu. idathuvashathu, oru manushyan oru kutty maraykkaan shramikkunnu. munnott pookukayum edathottu kooduthal munnott pookukayum cheiyunna oru sainikan oru mathilil moothramozhikkunnu; thudarnnu idathuvashathu, mattoru sainikan chila sthreekale oru veettilekku nayikkunnu, moonnaamathe sainikan oru shishuvine mattoru veettil ninnu valichidunnu (paintingil jeevichirikkunna kurachu sisukkalil oraal, rajakeeya shekharathile pathippil amithamaayi varaykkaatha churukkam chilaril oraal). naalu graameenarude oru samgham sameepat vilapikkunnu. 
valathottu neengumbol, paintinginte madhyabhaagathekku, oru eakaakiyaaya sthree thante maricha kunjinekkurichu dukkhikkunnu, manjil raktham choriyunnu (mamsavum cheesum upayogichu rajakeeya shekharathile pathippil amithamaayi varachirikkunnu), oru dambathikal oru sainikanodu avarude makale edukkaan aavashyappedunnu, allathe avarude kunjineyalla (rajakeeya shekharathile pathippil oru valia pakshiyayi amithamaayi varachirikkunnu). oru koottam grameenar chuttum oru maricha kunjinu mukalil nilkkunna chuvapp pothinja oru sainikane neridunnu (oru bundle pole ovar peyint cheythirikkunnu); allengil, oru pithaav thante kunjine konna sainikane akramikkunnathil ninnu gramavaasikal thadayaan shramikkunnu. irikkunna oru sthree thante marichupoya kunjine madiyil vechukondu (oru bundle aayi maattappettukond) dukkhikkunnu.
valathuvashathekku thudarnnu, paintinginte madhyabhaagathu, karutha kavacham dharicha oru koottam spanish sainikar oru koottam kunjungalkku (mrugangalaayi marria) kunthangal kondu kuthunnu, koodaathe kuthirappurathu kayarunna sainikarude oru valia samghathinum munnil eenangalum karutha kavacham dharichittundu. kuthirappurathulla sainikaril oraal velutha nilathu anchu swarnna kurishukalude oru nilavaaram kaivasham vachirikkaam, jerusaleminte heraldic aayudangal, ithu habsburgukal jerusaleminte rajaavu enna padavi avakaashappedunnu enna vasthuthaye soochippikkunnu. varakalulla oru pattaalakkaaran oru kutty kuthukayum (panniyeppole ovar peyint cheytha) matoraal oru sthree kaivasham vachirikkunna kunjinu nere kuthukayum cheiyunnu (oru jug pole ovar peyint cheythirikkunnu). valathuvashath, orotta kuthirappurathulla manushyan chuttum prathishedhikkunna oru koottam grameenar undu yadhaarthathil addeham habsburg eratta thalayulla kazhukan kondu alankaricha oru thaavalam dharicha oru ghoshakanaayirunnu.
valathuvashath, rund kuthirasavaari sainikar chuvanna jaakkattukalum vrithaakrithiyilulla loha helmettukalum dharikkunnu. kaalnadayaayi chila sainikar oru sathrathilekku praveshikkunnu sathrathinte adayaalam yadhaarthathil bethlahem nakshathravumayi bandhippikkunna oru nakshathrathe kaanichu (rajakeeya shekharathile pathippil amithamaayi varachirikkunnu). oru sainikan kodali upayogikkunnu, mattoraalkk adikkunna aattukottanaayi upayogikkaan oru maram undu; moonnu perr oru thuranna janalayilekku kayarunnu, oraal halbird upayogichu vathilil chavittunnu, thalayil veezhumennu bheeshanippeduthunna thoongikkidakkunna icycle kulukkunnu. munvashath, valathuninn edathottu neengumbol, oru kunju (oru bundle aayi maariyath) oru ammayil ninnum avalude cheria makalil ninnum keeriyirikkunnu; oru sainikan oru valia nayaye pinthudarunnu; thudarnnu idathuvashathu, thottaduttha munvashath, oru sainikan oru kutty kuthunnu (oru kaalakkuttiyeppole ovar peyint cheythirikkunnu). idathuvashathu mattoru sainikan oru sthriye pinthudarunnu.
idathu munvashath oru koottam kuthirasavaari cheiyunna sainikar nilkkunnu, randuper karutha kavacham dharichu, manja jackettil oru kahalam, chuvanna jaakkattukalulla moonnu perr. netherlandsile spanish sainyathinte kuprasidhamaaya kadinamaaya kamaandaraaya albayude rajakumaaranaakaan uddeshichirikkaam oraal cheruppakkaaranaaya broogalinte pilkkala paintingukalil saamyam kooduthal vyakthamaakunnu. 

