
njaan marikkaan thayyaaraan.

 
"1964 epril 20 nuu rivonia vichaaranayile prathiyude kappalil ninnu nelson mandela nalkia moonnu manikkoor prasamgathinu nalkia peraanu "njaan marikkaan thayyaaraan". njaan marikkaan thayyaraya oru aadarshamaanithu" enna vaakkukalode avasanikkunnathinaal prasamgathinu angane thalakkett nalkiyittundu. irupathaam noottaandile mahathaaya prasamgangalilonnaayi eee prasangam kanakkaakkappedunnu, koodaathe dakshinaafrikkan janaadhipathyathinte charithratthile oru pradhana nimishamaayi ithu kanakkaakkappedunnu.
vichaarana.
1963 joolaiyil johannasburginte praanthapradeshamaaya revoniayil patthu aafrikkan naashanal kongras (enn. sii.) nethaakkale arast cheythu. 1962 augustil arast cheyyappedukayum anchu varshathe shiksha anubhavikkukayum cheytha mandelakkoppam, attimari, communism munnott kondupokal, videsha shakthikale sahaayikkal ennee kuttangalum avarkkethire aaropikkapettu. dakshinaafrikkan rashtrathinethire garilla yuddham nadatthaan aalukale recruit cheythathinum republicinethire videsha sainyathe sahayikkaan goodaalochana nadathiyathinum kammyoonisathinte pravartthanangal munnott kondupoyathinum chumathiya kuttangal ithil ulppedunnu. prosecutor pezhsi utar vadhashikshaykk vendi vyakthamaayi neengiyillengilum sarkkar aagrahichathu athaanu ennu pothuve vishwasikkappettirunnu. ellah prathikalum kuttam sammathichilla.
vichaaranaykk munbu, mandela mattu prathikalum saakshikalayi saakshyappeduthunnathum cross-examination samarppikkunnathinuparam dakshinaafrikkan samoohathinteyum athinte niyamavyavasthayudeyum aneethikal choondikkaanichukondu samsthaanathe vichaarana cheiyunnathinaayi addeham oru prasangam nadathumennu theerumaanichu. aansiyude raashtreeyavum daarmmikavumaaya paripadi kaanikkanum avar shramichu.
vichaaranaykk aazhchakalkk munbu prasamgatthil pravarthicha mandelaykku ezhuthukaaranaaya naddin gordimaril ninnum pathrapravartthakanaaya aanthani sampsonil ninnum athu edittu cheyyaanum minukkuvaanum sahayam labhichu. prasangam ezhuthunnathinidayil, phidal kaastroyude prashasthamaaya "charithram enne kuttavimukthanaakkum" enna prathirodha prasamgatthil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondaanu mandela prasamgichathu. anthaaraashtra prekshakare aakarshikkunnathil addeham prathyeka thaalparyam prakadippikkukayum aank lakshyathin anthaaraashtra pinthuna nalkukayum cheythu.
judjic vadhasiksha vidhikkan prerippikkathirikkaan anthima prasthavana upekshikkaan mandelayude abhibhaashakar addehathodu abhyarthichenkilum mandela visammathichu. thante prasthavana pariganikkathe thanne vadhashikshaykk vidhikkan saadhyathayundennu addeham karuthi, athinaal thanikk yadhaarthathil thonniyathu parayuka ennathaanu ettavum nalla maargam. ennirunnaalum, "aavashyamenkil" addeham yogyathaa yogyatha koottichertthu.
kooduthal parambaraagathamaaya oru cross-examination abhimukeekarikkunnathinu pakaram oru prasangam nalkikkond mandela aarambhikkumenn prathibhagam prakhyaapichappol prosecutor pezhsi utar apratheekshithamaayi ethirppu prakadippichu "ente yajamanane, ente yajamanane, addeham svayam cross-examination samarppikkunnathinekkaal valare kuravaanennu ningal prathikk munnariyipp nalkanamennu njaan karuthunnu."jadji dii vettu ethirppu thalli paranju," njaan karuthunnu misttar. yuthar, ningalude sahayamillaathe avarude kakshikale upadesikkaan kazhiyunnathra parichayasampatthundu prathirodhatthinulla aaa kaunsilinu."pradhana prathibhagam abhibhashakanaaya bram fisher koottichertthu," "njangalko njangalude kakshikalkko criminal kodile vyavasthakalekkurichu ariyilla", "angane mandela thanne criminal vichaaranayile parichayamulla oru abhibhaashakanaayirunnu enna vastutha sookshumamaayi choondikkaanikkunnu". dakshinaafrikkan niyamathil, oru prathi saakshiyude staandil ninnu kodathiye abhisambodhana cheyyaathirikkam, pakshe chodyangalkku maathram utharam nalkaam, mandela prathiyude dokkil ninnaan prasangam nadathiyathu. njaan marikkaan thayyaaraan" ennu palappozhum udharikkunnathinu munbu addeham ekadesham moonnu manikkoor samsaarichu.
prasamgatthinte avasana varii parayumbol mandela jadjiye, naalara chathurashra roopathil, nerittu kannilekku nokki, vichaaranaykkide iruvarum thammilulla avasaanathe kannile sanbarkkam.
prasangam.
dakshinaafrikkan gavanmentinum athinte varnnavivechana nayangalkkumethiraya (bhaaviyile saadhyamaaya upayogathinaayi oru sainika vibhaagathe parisheelippikkumbol) avarude pravartthanatthinte bhaagamaayi bharanaghadanaa reethikalum gaandhiyude ahimsaathmaka prathirodhavum munpu upayogichathinum appurathekku pooyi swathinethiraaya attimari (parikkukalum maranavum kuraykkunnathinu roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu) sweekarikkaan aank theerumaanichathenthaanenna prasangam vivarikkunnu.
aansinte sayudha vibhagamaaya umkhondo vii sisweyude sthaapakaril oralaayirunnuvennum attimari aasoothranathil thante pankaalittham nishedhikkunnillennum paranjukondaanu mandela aarambhichatha "njaan athu aasoothranam cheythath ashradhayude manobhaavathilo akramathodu oru snehavum illaathathukondo allah. vellakkaar ente janathe varshangalolam adichamarthiyathum chooshanam cheythathum adichamarthiyathum adichamarthiyathum adichamarthiyathum varshangalolam ente janathe adichamarthiyathum adichamarthiyathum samadhaanaparavum shaanthavumaaya rashtreeya saahacharyathekkurichulla vilayiruthalinte falamaayaanu njaan ithu aasoothranam cheythath."
ellah ahimsaathmaka maargangalum pareekshichuvennum avaa vardhichuvarunna niyanthranangalkkum aafrikkan janathayude swaathanthryam kuraykkunnathinum maathrame kaaranamaayulloovennum mandela vaadichu. sharpville vedivayppineyum prathishedhakkaarkkethiraaya mattu niravadhi sarkkar akramangaleyum paraamarshichukondu, "bharanathe pinthunaykkaan balaprayogam nadathunna sarkkar adichamarthappettavare athine ethirkkaan balaprayogam nadatthaan padippikkunnu" ennum akramasakthamaaya marggangal thiranjeduttha reethiyil upayogikkaanulla theerumaanam "njangal atharamoru gathi aagrahikkunnathukondal" ennum addeham paranju. sarkkar njangalkk mattu maargangalonnum avasheshippikkaathathukonu maathram."
dakshinaafrikkayile communist party videsha thaalpparyangaludeyum aadhipathyathilaanu taanum ancy pravarthichathenna prosecutionte aropanangal nishedhikkunnathinum mandela ganyamaaya sramam nadatthi. kammyoonistukaarum ancy thammilulla sakhyathe naasi jarmmanikkethiraya us, brittan, soviyatt union ennivayude sakhyavumayi addeham upamichu. ancy communist party thammilulla bandhathekkurichu addeham kurachu vishadamaayi charcha cheyyukayum varnnavivechana sanbradaayathinethiraaya nadapadiyude prathibaddhatha iruvarum pankittappol, dakshinaafrikkayude bharanaghadanaaparamaaya janaadhipathyathinte oru maathrkayumaayi thaan vivahithanaayennum (prathyeka prashamsaykkaayi addeham britiish rashtreeya maathrkaye ottappeduthi) communist saambathika maathrkayekkaal vipani sambadvyavasthaye pinthunachuvennum vishadeekarichu. kammyoonistukaarum aansikalum thammil rashtreeya vyathyaasangalundengilum, "adichamarthalinethire pooraadunnavar thammilulla saidhaanthika vyathyaasangal eee ghattathil namukk thangaan kazhiyaatha oru aadambaramaan" ennu addeham abhiprayappettu. aafrikkakkaare manushyarayi kanakkakkaan sannadhatha prakadippicha dakshinaafrikkayile eaka rashtreeya grouppaanu communistukal ennum addeham koottichertthu.
swaadheenam.
mandalayude suhruthukkalaaya aanthani saampsan, naddin gordimer ennivar mandala ezhuthiyathupole prasangam avalokanam cheiyunnathil pankedutthirunnu, avarkk athinte avatharanathodu vipareeta prathikaranangalundaayirunnu. saampsan ithine thante kariyarile ettavum phalapradamaaya prasamgamaayi visheshippichu, athesamayam gordimer aaa delivari "madikkunnathum parsonical" aanennu karuthi, "avasaanam maathrame aaa manushyan kadannuvarikayulloo, avasana vaachakam samsaarichappol manushya thondayil ninnu njaan ketta ettavum vichithravum chalippikkunnathumaaya shabdam kodathi prekshakarude 'karutha' bhaagath ninnaan".
vichaaranayude avasaanathil mandela shikshikkukayum jeevaparyantham thadavinu shikshikkukayum cheythu. mochithanaakunnathinum dakshinaafrikkayude presidentaayi thiranjedukkappedunnathi munbu addeham 27 varshathe shiksha anubhavichu. mochithanaayappol addeham thante prasamgatthile avasana vaachakam kaathirikkunna maadyamangalodu udharichu. jadji dii vettu thanne vadhashikshaykk vidhikkaathathinte kaaranam addehathinte prasamgatthil mandela "angane cheyyaan addehathe velluvilichathaanu" ennu mandela vishwasichu.