
microheology

oru phloo tracerinte (micrometer valippamulla kanika) sanjaarapatham alakkunnathiloode microviscosity polulla oru maadhyamathinte reological gunangal alakkaan upayogikkunna oru saankethikavidyayaanu microriology. parambaraagathamaayi reometer upayogichu cheiyunna reology cheiyunnathinulla oru puthiya maarggamaanith. rund tharam microherologykalundu "nishkriya microherology", "sajeeva microherology". nishkriya microriology tracerukal neekkaan antharleenamaaya taapa oorjjam upayogikkunnu, athesamayam active microriology kaanthikakshethram allengil opttikkal tweaser polulla baahyamaayi prayogikkunna sakthikal upayogikkunnu. microheology 1-umm 2-umm kanika reethikalaayi kooduthal verthirichariyaan kazhiyum.
nishkriya microriology.
"nishkriya microriology" tracerukal neekkaan taapa oorjjam ("kedi") upayogikkunnu, ennirunnaalum koshangalkkullile sajeeva kramarahita sakthikal pakaram tracerukale defusive polulla reethiyil neekkumennu sameepakaala thelivukal soochippikkunnu. tracerukalude sanjaarapathangal optikkalaayi alakkunnathu microscopy vazhiyo allengil laitt scattering teknikkukal vazhiyo aanu. defusing-wave spectroscopy (dii. dablyu. ezz) onniladhikam chitharal sambhavangalkk kaaranamakunna prakasha chitharal alavedukkal saankethikavidyakal vipuleekarikkunna oru saadhaarana thiranjeduppaanu. samayavumaayi bandhapetta sharashari square displacementil ninnu (msd allengil <δ "r" 2>), oraalkk saamaanyavalkkaricha stooks-ainsteen bandham (gser) upayogichu visco-ilaastik moduli "jii" ("ω"), "jii" ′ ("ω") enniva kanakkakkaam. micrometer valippamulla oru kanikayude sanjaarapathathinte oru kazhchayaanu ivide.
oru staanderd passive microriology testtil, dussen kanakkinu tracerukalude chalanam orotta viidiyoo framil tracucheyyunnu. tracerukalude chalanagal sharashari cheyyukayum sakthamaaya oru msd profile kanakkaakkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu prachodanam.
vishalamaaya integration time skeyilukalkkaayi (allengil freekwansikal) msd nireekshikkunnathu tracerukal vyaapikkunna maadhyamathinte microstructurinecture vivarangal nalkunnu.
poornnamaayum viscos meteeriyalil tracerukal swathanthramaaya vyaapanam anubhavikkunnundengil, sample samyojana samayathinoppam msd rekheeyamaayi valaranam
formula _ 1.
poornnamaayum ilaastik meteeriyalinullil spring polulla reethiyilaan tracerukal neengunnathenkil, emsdic samayathe aasrayikkendathilla
soothravaakyam _ 2
mikka kesukalilum tracerukal oru sub-leanier integration-time dependence avatharippikkunnu, ithu meediyathinu intermediat viscoelastic gunangalundennu soochippikkunnu. theerchayaayum, meteeriyalil ninnulla prathikaranatthinte swabhaavam aavruthiye aashrayichirikkunnathil charivu vyathyastha samaya skeyilukalil maarunnu.
leanier reology cheiyunnathinulla mattoru maargamaan microriology. ulppettirikkunna balam valare durbalamaayathinaal (10−15n kramatthil), microriology strain/stress bandhatthinte leanier mekhala ennu vilikkappedunnathaanenna urappaan. valare cheria alavil (biological sell) alakkaanum ithinu kazhiyum.
g" "(" ω ") ilaastik (kansarvetteevu) bhaagavum" g "" ′ ("ω") viscos (disipative) bhaagavum "ω" = 2 "πf" pulsation ulla sankeernna viscoelastic modulus formula _ 3 nalkunnu. gsr thaazhepparayunnavayaanu
koode 
nishkriya microriology anubandha reethiyil uyarnna aavruthiyilulla oru kanikayude tracking sthaanangal ulppedunnu, palappozhum kwaadrant photodiode upayogichu. sthaanathu ninnu, formula _ 7, power spectrum, formula _ 8 kandethaam, thudarnnu prathikarana functionte yadhaarthavum saangalppikavumaaya bhagangalumaayi bandhapetta formula _ 9. prathikarana function nerittu sankeernamaaya shear modulasinte kanakkukoottalilekku nayikkunnu, formula _ 10 vazhi
rund pooyint microriology.
nishkriya microriology parisodhanakal alakkunna moolyangal mattunna niravadhi karakaushala vasthukkal undakam, ithu microriology saadhaarana reology thammilulla abhipraayavyathyaasathinu kaaranamaakunnu. eee karakaushala vasthukkalil tracer-matricks edapedalukal, tracer-matricks valuppa poruthakkedu ennivayum athilereyum ulppedunnu.
ore saambilile rund tracerukalude paraspara bandhathe kurichu vyathyasthamaaya microriological sameepanam padikkunnu. praayogikamaayi, msd formula _ 12 alakkunnathinupakaram, rund vyathyastha kanangalude chalanagal alakkunnu-formula _ 13. tracerukalkkidayilulla maadhyamathinte jii (ω) kanakkaakkunnath inipparayunnavayaanu
soothravaakyam _ 14
eee samavaakyam a yeei aashrayikkunnillenn shradhikkuka, pakaram r-tracerukal thammilulla dooram (r "a ennu karuthuka) aasrayichirikkunnu.
chila padanangal kaanikkunnath eee reethi saadhaarana reological alavukalumayi (prasakthamaaya aavruthikalilum vasthukkalilum) yojikkunnathaan nallathennu.
sajeeva micro herology.
"active microriology" oru kaanthikakshethram upayogichekkaam. 
 opttikkal tisserukal
 allengil traceril oru balam prayogikkunnathinum thudarnnu stress/strain bandham kandethunnathinum oru aattomik fozhsu microscope.
prayogikkunna balam amplitude a, aavruthi ω ennivayulla oru sinusoidal sakthiyaanu. -
soothravaakyam _ 15
traasharinte prathikaranam matricks visco-ilaastik swabhaavathinte oru gadakamaanu. oru matricks poornnamaayum ilaastik (khara) aanenkil, pravartthana shakthiyodulla prathikaranam udanadi aayirikkanam, koodaathe tracerukal neengunnathu nireekshikkanam-
formula _ 16.
formula _ 17.
maruvashathu, matricks poornnamaayum viscos (oru draavakam) aanenkil, strain stressin idayil formula _ 18 nte oru ghatta maattam undaayirikkanam. -
formula _ 19
vaasthavathil, mikka vasthukkalum visco-ilaastik aayathinal, nireekshicha ghatta maattam formula _ 20 aanu.
φ> 45 matricks kooduthalum athinte "viscos domainilum" φ <45 aayirikkumbol matricks kooduthalum athinte "ilaastik domainilum" kanakkakkunnu.
alanna prathikarana ghatta shift φ (chilappol δ ennu ariyappedunnu) nalkiyaal, eee anupatham baadhakamaanu
soothravaakyam _ 21
samanamaaya prathikarana ghatta vishakalanam pathiv reology parisodhanayil upayogikkunnu.
aduthide, cytoskelittanile defusive chalanatthilekku kramarahithamaya active motor proteinukalude sambhavanakal alakkunnathinayi fozhsu spectrum microscopy ithu vikasippicheduthittundu.

