joonn phaal (vyavasayi)

nyoo southu veyilsile sheyil oayil pravarthanangalilum greenvichile gorr beyilum sidneyude praanthapradeshangalaaya clydilum rund aadyakaala enna shudheekaranashaalakal sthaapikkunnathilum earppettirunna oru vyavasaayiyaayirunnu joonn vilson phaal (1862-1955). joonn phaal & kambaniyude prinsippalaayirunna addeham varshangalolam komanvelthu oayil korppareshante managing directoraayirunnu, athu addeham reseavershippil ninnu punarujjeevippichu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum kudumba pashchaathalavum.
skotlandile vestt lothiyaanile livingstanilaanu joonn vilson phaal janichathu. 1862 november 7 nuu alexander morrison phaal, seeniyar (1825-1890), bhaarya maargarat (nee ferguson) (1828-1901) ennivarude makanaaya addeham 1870-kalil maathapithaakkalodoppam oostreliyayilekku kudiyeri.
akkaalat lokathile ettavum purogamanaparavum valuthumaaya scotish sheyil enna vyavasaayathile oru pradhana vyakthiyaayirunnu alexander morrison. 1860-ll, mooladhanathinu pakaramaayi sheyil khanana paattatthinu sambhavana cheytha alexander vestt calder oayil kambaniyilum athinte maanejarilum pankaliyaayi. kambaniyude pravartthanangal athinte maanejarkk sesham 'gaviside oayil works' allengil 'falls works' ennariyappettirunnu. ennirunnaalum, pankaalikalkkidayil vairudhyavum parajayappetta oru kodathi kesum undaayirunnu, athinte anthimaphalam 1873-ll alexander papparaayi. alexander pinneedu kudumbathodoppam nyoo southu veyilsilekku kudiyeri. faalsinte cheruppakaalathu, nyoo southu veyilsilekkulla kudiyettatthinu sesham, addehathinte pithaav ithinakam praadeshika oayil sheyil vyavasaayathile oru pradhana vyakthiyaayirunnu; aadyam moundu kembla, avide addeham american creak oayil kambaniyude maanejaraayirunnu.1877 vare, pinneedu 1877 muthal 1881 vare australian mannenna, dhaatu kambanikku vendi addeham manejaraayirunna jodjayil.. 
joonn faalinte cussin jaims walter phaal (1847-1882) oostreliyayilekku kudiyeriya kudumbatthile aadyatheyaalaayirunnu. skotlandilum nyoo southu veyilsilum sheyil oayil vyavasaayathilum jaims earppettirunnu. addeham vestten mannenna oayil kambaniyude maanejaraayirunnu. 1870 aayappozhekkum hartley vaaleyil waterloovile hartley vaaleyude refineryude manejar pinneedu jodjayilumaayirunnu. ammavan alexanderineppole james sheyil oayil prosessing mekhalayil vidagdhanaayirunnu; iruvarum vestt calder oayil kambaniyilum skotlandilum pinneedu jodjayilum orumichu jolie cheythirunnu. tii.ezz. hartley mannenna, paraphine kambani ennee rund sheyil enna kambanikalude samyojanathil jaims nirnaayaka punk vahichu. ell. tii. dii. vestten mannenna oayil qoo.1872-ll puthiya southu weils sheyil & oayil kambani roopeekarikkaan. sheyil oayil vyavasaayathile punk ozhike, sidneyile north shoar gyaas kambaniyude sthaapakanaayirunnu jaims fail. australian gyaas laitt kambani ulppede mattu gyaas varkkukalil enchineeyaraayi pravartthikkukayum goalbanile gyaas varkkukalil bisinesses thalpparyam nilanirthukayum cheythirunnu. 1870-ll jaims helen vilson thomsone (1849-1935) vivaham kazhichu, avar vivahithayaaya helen vilson veenu, oru jeevakaarunya pravartthakayum dayaristum aayi. bisinassinaayi lunden sandarshikkumbol thanne oru sambannanaayirunna jaims 35-aamm vayassil marichu, addehathinte eaka makan joonn walter (1872-1891) 18-aamm vayassil cheruppatthil thanne marichu.
vilyam scott phaal (1866-1930), scott phaal & kambaniyude principal-theeradesha shippingle kalkari khananathilum thaalpparyamulla-raashtreeyakkaaran, addehathinte ilaya sahodaran david phaal (1869-1956), akkoundantum raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu. alexander morisante mootha sahodaranaayirunna joonn vilson phaal (1820-1879) enna kappalinte kyapttan, seeniyar, veenathinethudarnnu avarude pithaav vazhiyaan veezhchayumaayi bandhappettath. mootha joonn vilsante maranashesham, addehathinte vidhavayaya jessy sidneyil vachu (nee power) (1845-1937) veendum vivahithayaayi. ennirunnaalum, avarude puthiya bharthaavinu ithinakam thanne englandil oru bharyayundaayirunnu, avar vivaahamochanathin bharthaavinethire vijayakaramaayi cases phayal cheythuvenkilum appozhekkum addeham paapparaayirunnuvenn kandethi.
currier.
aadyakaala bisinesses jeevitam.
1885 aayappozhekkum, enn. enn. yumayullah paattakkaraarin keezhil.ezz.dablyu. sheyil & oayil kambani, addehathinte pithaavinte kudumba kambani, eiii.emm. sidneyile waterloovil (chilappol alexandria ennu paraamarshikkappedunnu) oru enna shudheekarana bisinesses nadathukayum, crude oayil prosess cheyyukayum cheythu, ithu oru prathirodhatthil uthppaadippikkappettu.emm. veenupoyi, aanmakkalum hartley vaaliyil oodi. 1887 oode waterloo refinery adachupoottukayum shudheekarana pravartthanam hartley vaalilekk maattukayum cheythu. 1891 aayappozhekkum kambanikku container niraykkunnathinum vitharanam cheiyunnathinumaayi priyappetta thuramukhathu oru enna paniyundaayirunnu.
1889-ll kambani ulppetta oru kodathi cases undaayirunnu; joonn vilson oru vaadiyaayi naamanirddesham cheyyappettu, appozhekkum addeham pithaavinte kambaniyil oru pankaliyaayirunnu. kuranjathu oru divasamenkilum addeham thelivukal nalki. settilmentinu keezhil eiii.emm. veenappol hartley vaaleyile makante punk avasaanichu. 1890ll faalsinte pithaav marichu.
1891ll pithaavinte probettu samayat joonn vilson oru 'enna, grease nirmmaathaav' ennaanu visheshippikkappettath. sahodaran alexander morrison veenathinoppam juuniyar-'enna, grease nirmmaathaav' ennum visheshippikkappedunnu-pithaavinte bisinesses thalpparyangal thudarnnu. mattoru sahodaranaaya walter joonn phaal (d.1938) oru pankaliyum aayirunnu, pakshe 1891-ll oru 'pazham valarthal' ennu visheshippikkappettu, athinaal theerchayaayum akkaalat bisinessil oru nishabda pankaali mathramaayirunnu.
nyoo southu veyilsile sholhaven mekhalayil, bomaderi, kulangatta estettu ennividangalil contensed paal uthppaadanathinaayi rund plaantukal sthaapikkunnathil earppettirikkumbol, enna vyavasaayathin purathu kurachu samayam chelavazhichu. thante rund makkalude jananasthalathe adisthaanamaakki, addeham sholhawan jillayilaan thaamasichirunnathu, 1897-1901 kaalayalavil. addehathinte sahodaran walter joonn full, beriyile contensed paal vyavasaayathilum earppettirunnu.
addehathinte sahodaranaaya alexander morrison juuniyar aayi 1904ll marichu. athinidayil, 1902ll, onnukil joonn full & kambani enna swantham kambani sthaapichathukondo allengil oru kambani ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythathukondo addeham veenu. emm. veenupoyi aaa puthiya peru upayogicha aanmakkal.
sheyil oayil.
nyoosans.
komanvelthu oayil korppareshan kambaniyude director chairmaanumaaya sarr jorjju nyoonesinte peril neuness ennu peritta volgan thaazhvarayile oru sthalathu sheyil oayil ulppaadanathil valia nikshepam nadathiyirunnu. munbu oru marubhoomiyodu aduthirunna oru vishalamaaya vyaavasaayika samuchayam srishtikkunnathinaayi oru valia engleesh mooladhanam-ekadesham £1-nikshepichirunnu. avar thaazhvarayilekku oru railway nirmmikkukayum thaazhvarayil oru valia khanana graamam valarukayum cheythu.
nyoonukalile oayil sheyilil ennayude alavu valare uyarnnathaanengilum, thaarathamyena chelaveriyathum parambaraagathavum bhoogarbha khanana saankethikavidyakal upayogichaanu ithu khananam cheythathennu athinte seeminte kanavum aazhavum nirddeshikkunnu. sheyil, crude oayil ennivayude samskaranathinu indhanam pakaraan khananam cheyyaan kazhiyunna oru kalkari seem undaayirunnu. nalla nilavaaramulla kalkari kookk nirmmikkanum upayogichirunnu. sheyil remortukalude upolppannamaayi amonia ulppaadippikkappedukayum sulfuric assid upayogichu samskarichu valamaayi wilkan kazhiyunna amonium sulfate uthppaadippikkukayum cheyyum.
1906ll plaantinte nirmmaanam aarambhichenkilum 1911 juunil maathramaan remortukal pravartthanam aarambhichath. kambani athinte prakriyayil saankethika budhimuttukal nerittu, koodaathe, thozhilaalikalumaayi, prathyekichu khanithozhilaalikalumaayi niravadhi deerghakaala vyaavasaayika tharkkangalkkum vidheyamaayi. 1912 februvariyil thirichadiyude pravartthanam bhaagikamaayi nirtthivaykkukayum 1913 maarchil poornnamaayum nirthukayum cheythu. rund varshathil thaazhe maathrame thirichadiyude pravartthanam nadannulloo. komanvelthu oayil korppareshan limittad. 1912 desemberil reseavershippil earppeduthukayum reseiver akkoundantum oodittarumaayirunnu, david veenu, joninte cussin veenu.
enna samskaranathil amgeekritha vidagdhanaayirunnu phaal, addeham englandu sandarshicha samayathaan nyoonile prasnangal pariharikkunnathin sahayikkaan kookk addehathe sameepichathu. scotish sheyil prosess cheiyunnathinaanu kookk upayogichirunna remortukal roopakalppana cheythirunnathu, valare kuranja enna ulladakkamulla valare sambannamaaya sheyil-neelamulla tunninu 150 imperial gaalan vare-nyoonukalil khananam cheiyunnu. nyoonukalile retortukal kaarban samyukthangalaal adanjukidakkukayum shariyaayi pravarthikkaathirikkum cheythu ennathaanu phalam. mosham bisinesses ettedukkaan thaalpparyamulla phaal aadyam enna sambannamaaya sheyil vijayakaramaayi prosess cheyyaan kazhiyumennu theliyikkaan swantham roopakalppanaykku naalu resortukal nirmmichu.
newnesine ettedukkunnu.
komanvelthu oayil korppareshante reseaverumaayulla oru karar prakaram, 1914 avasaanathode motor kaarukalkkum mannenna, lubricantukal, mattu petroleum uthppannangal ennivaykkum indhanamaayi 'benzin' (petrol) ulppaadippikkaan padhathiyumaayi kambaniyude bharanam etteduthu. komanvelthu oayil korppareshante managing director sthaanam addeham etteduthu. nilavilulla chila bisinesses thalpparyangal addeham vilkkukayum nilavilulla 64 remortukale swantham roopakalppanayilekku parivartthanam cheiyunnathadakkam aavashyamaaya mechappeduthalukalkku dhanasahayam nalkunna 350,000 poundinte motham mooladhana kuthivayppilekku 100,000 poundu svayam sambhavana cheyyukayum cheythu. faalsinte cussin david phaal 1914 meyy maasathil reseaveraayi maari.
falsinte parishkkaranangal yadhaartha retortukal veendum upayogichu-pumperson retort ennariyappedunna oru scotish design-ennaal kooduthal oof takeukal chertthu, ithu parishkkaricha roopakalppanaye nyoonukalile enna sambannamaaya sheyil kaikaaryam cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu. modified pumperson', 'phaal retort', allengil 'phaal daunkammar retort' enningane palavidhatthil paraamarshikkappedunna eee retort designinu phaal pettant nedi.
1915 muthal 1918 vare hartley vaaleyile enna shudheekaranashaala polichuneekkukayum bhagangal nyoonil veendum upayogikkukayum cheythu.
1915 maarchinum 1917 octoberinum idayil nyoons plaant <aii. dii. 1> gaalan enna uthppaadippichu. komanvelthu oayil kambani 1910-ll thanne, orupakshe athinte hartley vaale refineryilum 1912 muthal 1915 vare hamiltonile britiish australian oayil kambaniyilum kurachu petrol nirmmichirunnuvenkilum 1917-oode nyoonasil motor kaarukalkkayi praadeshikamaayi parishkaricha petrol vaanijya alavil nirmikkunnathil vijayikkukayum cheythu. munbathe sheyil verthirichedukkal pravarthanangalil maalinyamaayi pottithericha asthiramaaya 'naphta' bhinnasamkhyakalil ninnaan petrol nirmmichathennu karuthappedunnu.
1919 joolaiyil, kambaniyudeyum thanteyum samyuktha akkoundinaayi 1929 october vare swath pravarthippikkaan vyavastha cheiyunna oru karaaril, fuld komanvelthu oayil kambaniyum thammil oppuvachu. eathenkilum varshathe phalam nashtamaanengil, iru kakshikalil ninnum oru varshathe ariyippode, eee krameekaranam neratthe avasaanippikkunnathaayirunnu.
1921 aayappozhekkum, nyoonukalude janasamkhya ekadesham 1,500 aayi uyarnnu, neunus plaantinu prathivarsham 15,000,000 gaalan crude ooyilum 1,000,000 gaalan motor spirittum ulppaadippikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum plaant athinte naamamaathramaaya seshiyil thaazheyaan pravarthichathu.
hartley vaale.
1910 nuu sesham hartley vaaleyil komanvelthu oayil korppareshan oru enna shudheekarana pravartthanam mathramaayirunnu nadathiyirunnathu. 1913 augustil ithu adachupootti. 1914 meyy maasathil poornnamaayum adachupoottunnathinumbu ithu hrasvamaayi veendum thurannathaayi thonnunnu. 1914 avasaanathode kokkinte bharanam ettedutha sesham refinery veendum thurannilla. ennirunnaalum, addeham hartley vaaleyil ninnu chila sambharana taankukal neekkam cheythu-gorr beyile (sidneyile) lubricuting oayil refineryilekku maatti-koodaathe newnesinaayi nischayichirunna pipe varkkum. nyoonsil ninnum torbanil ninnumulla asamskritha ennayude ellah shudheekaranavum pinneedu nyoonsilo gorr beyilo aayirunnu, ithu hartley vaaleyude cheria samoohathe nashippichu. 
torban.
komanvelthu oayil korppareshan 1913ll adachupoottiya torbanil oru cheria khananavum thirichadaykkal pravartthanavum svanthamaakkiyirunnu. kambani, veezhchayude niyanthranatthin keezhil, 1916 muthal 1918 vare eee pravartthanam veendum thurannu, aaa sthalathe avasana crude oayil ulppaadanam enthaayirikkum. yudhasamayathu praadeshika enna ulppaadanathinu nalkia sarkkar subsidikal eee uthppaadanam sugamamaakkiyathaakam. 1920ll, torban tounshippile mikka kettidangalum polichu neekkukayum nyoonesilekku maattukayum cheyyuka enna theerumaanam pinvalikkapettu.
irakkumathi cheytha ennayil ninnum bulk shippingil ninnumulla malsaram.
irupathaam noottaandinte aadya dashakathode austreliya athinte petroleum oru valia bhagam poortthiyaaya ulppannamaayi irakkumathi cheythu, motor kaarukalkk kooduthal indhanam. chila petroleum uthppannangal ippozhum thadi pettikalilulla tinplate drummukalilaanu vannath; eee roopathil ithu 'cases oayil' ennariyappettirunnu, athu pradhaanamaayum amerikkayil ninnaan vannath.
1897-ll mathilda enna oru cheria refinery kambani dutch bharanathilulla borneo dveepinte bhagamaaya balikpaanil enna thurankam thudangi. baalikpan oru pradhana ennappaadamaayum shudheekarana kendramaayum maari. 1906-ll, dutch bharanathilulla borneoyude bhagamaayirunna thaarakkan dveepil koninklijke netherlandshe petroleum maattshappij asamskritha ennayude uthppaadanam aarambhichu. 1907 eprilil kambani oru britiish ethiraaliyaaya shell transport aandu trading kambaniyumaayi layippichu royal dutch shell aayi. 1910 desemberil, saraavakkile miriyile sambannamaaya ennappaadathil, borneo dveepilum shell avarude aadyathe drill dwaarathiloode enna adichu. 1972 october vare aadyathe ennakkinar ozhukiyethi. 1914-ll shell miril oru refinery sthaapikkukayum 1916-ll aduthulla lutongilekku maattukayum cheythu. athinartham australian vipaniyilekkulla shudheekaricha petroleum uthppannangal borneo crude oayil upayogichu nirmmikkaano allengil mumbathethinekkaal valare aduthulla oru refineryil ninnu shudheekaricha roopathil kayatti ayaykkaano kazhiyum ennaanu. borneo crude oru bharam kuranja crude aayirunnu, motor kaarukalkk paraphine, indhanam ennivayude ulppaadanathinu anuyojyamaayirunnu, koodaathe crude sheyil oayil uthppaadippikkunnathine vilakuranjathaayirunnu.
britiish imperial oayil kambani limittad (shellinte bhagam) bhoomi vaangiyirunnu-pinneedu joonn phaal & koyude sthalamaaya sthalathodu chernnu. refinery-greenvichile gorr beyil, oru irakkumathi terminalayi. 1901 muthal shell petroleum avide kayattukayayirunnu. 1909ll avarude bulk taankarukalilonnil ninnu 500,000 gaalan 'motor spiritt' enna record charakk avar irakkiyirunnu. 1902ll irakkumathi cheytha mannennayude theeruva neekkam cheythu.
oduvil, vaakvam oayil polulla mattu kambanikal sidneyilum bulk terminalukal nirmmichu, niravadhi samudra duranthangalkku sesham (ss kaanastottayude nashtam polullava) 'cases oayil' swaabhaavikamaayum apakadakaramaanennu thiricharinju. petroleum bulk kayattumathi valare vilakuranjathum surakshithavumaayirunnu.
1920ll komanvelthu oof austreliyayum anglo-pershyan enna kambaniyum thammilulla samyuktha samrambhamaya komanvelthu enna shudheekaranashaalakal sthaapikkappettu. 1924ll victoriyayile lavertoninu sameepam oru aadhunika enna shudheekaranashaala thurannu. 1908ll iraanil kandethiya vishalamaaya nikshepangalil ninnulla asamskritha enna upayogichukondu sidneyilum nyoo southu veyilsilum nirmmicha australian-parishkaricha petroleum uthppannangal puranthallaan kazhiyunna sidneyile thuramukhathe beris beyil oru tanker berth sambharana soukaryavum coor thurannu.
eee sambhavavikaasangalude samayam, chila aagola praadhaanyamulla, newnessile sheyil oayil pravarthanangalkku ithilum moshamaakumaayirunnilla. koodaathe, borneoyil ninnulla parambaraagatha asamskritha enna irakkumathi tarifinu vidheyamaayirunnilla, praadeshika asamskritha enna ulppaadanathinu oru samrakshanavum undaayirunnilla.
thozhil prasnangal, inn-sittu extraction pareekshanam, anthima adachupoottal.
1917 maarchil shambala vardhanavu nalkiyittum 'kaaryakshamamaya thozhilaallikalude' abhavam kaaranam nyoons plaant athinte poornna seshiyil pravarthichilla. onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, komanvelthu sarkkar uthppaadippikkunna oro gaalan ennaykkum bonus thukayude roopathil subsidy nalki.
australiyayile oru enna shudheekaranashaalayude veekshanakonil, vardhichuvarunna thozhil chelavu borneoyil ninnulla irakkumathi cheytha asamskritha ennayumaayi sheyil nirmmicha asamskritha ennaye malsaramillaathathaakkunnu. malsaramillaathathaakkunnu 1912num idayil, "asaadhaaranamaaya thozhil saahacharyangal kaaranam" nyoonile sheyil khananam cheiyunnathinulla chelavu 400% vardhichuvennu avakaashappedunnathaayirunnu pinneedu veenathu.atharam chelavu vardhanavinte prathyaaghaathangalum parambaraagatha asamskritha ennayude athivegam vardhichuvarunna vitharanavum sheyil enna ulppaadanathe apakadatthilaakkunnu.
khananachelavu mathramaayirunnilla prashnam; theevramaaya khanana union neethrthwathinte neethrthwathilulla vyaavasaayika tharkkangal, komanvelthu oayil korppareshante muun maanejmentil cheythathupole uthppaadanathe thadassappeduthi. nyoonesinte pravartthanangalude anischithamaaya saambathika sthithiyekkurichu union neethrthwathil ninnu aashankayonnum undaayirunnillenn thonni; khanithozhilaalikale sambandhichidatholam, sheyilinte idungiya thadikal khananam cheiyunnathu budhimuttullathum apakadakaravumaayirunnu. asthira" ennu visheshippikkappetta oru kadinamaaya mookk bisinasukaaran enna nilayil, svayam veenathukondaayirikkaam eee vairudhyathinu kaaranamaayath.
sheyil khananam cheyyaathe allengil retortukal upayogikkaathe, inn-sittu verthirichedukkal pareekshichukondu sheyilil ninnu asamskritha enna uthppaadippikkunnathinu chelavu kuraykkaan aadyam shramichu. 1921ll addehathinu kurachu vijayam labhichu. inn-sittu verthirichedukkalinte saambathikashaasthram mechappeduthunnathinaayi, uthppaadippikkunna oayil sheyil vaathakam vaidyuthi uthppaadippikkunnathin indhanamaayi upayogikkaan addeham vibhavanam cheythu. 1924 vare, inn-sittu verthirichedukkal neuness sheyil oayil saambathikamaakkumennu pratheekshichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, inn-sittu verthirichedukkunnathinu atharam abhilaashangal akkaalat labhyamaya saankethikavidyakalekkaal valare munnilaayirunnu. paristhithi veekshanakonil, eee sramangal-adisthaanaparamaayi sheyil seeminu thee koluthunna, kurachu niyantritha saahacharyangalil-kooduthal pinthudarunnilla ennathaanu nallath.
oduvil, nyoonisil crude oayil nirmmikkunnath nirthendathundennu manassilakkiya addeham irakkumathi cheytha crude oayil prosess cheyyaan neuni refinery upayogikkaan padhathiyittu. sheyil khananavum thirichadaykkal pravartthanangalum avasaanippikkaan addeham padhathiyittirunnuvenkum shudheekarana pravarthanatthinu indhanam nalkunnathinaayi kalkari khananam thudarum. 
1923 januvariyil sheyil khananam nirthalaakkukayum athinte falamaayi retortukalum adachupoottukayum cheythu. borneo crude oayil sidneyil irakkukayum reyil maargam nyoonesilekku ayaykkukayum avide athu shudheekarikkukayum pinneedu reyil maarggam veendum vipaniyilekku ayaykkukayum cheythu. sheyil khani veendum thurakkukayum jolikal 'karupp' aayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythillengil newnessile kalkari khanithozhilaalikal jolie cheyyaan visammathichu. 1924 februvari februvari 80 thozhilavasarangal nashtappettathode nyoonile sheshikkunna enna shudheekarana pravartthanangal avasaanippikkukayallathe mattu maargangalonnum undaayirunnilla. nyooneesinte bhaviyekkurichu komanvelthu oayil kambaniyude debenture udamakalumaayi koodiyaalochikkaan taamasiyaathe englandilekku pooyi. 
1925-nte thudakkathil, nyoonukalude janasamkhya 150 aayi kurayukayum niravadhi kadakalum veedukalum vijanamaavukayum cheythu. pinneedu 1925-ll, sidneyile clydil oru puthiya refinery nirmmikkukayum athinte nirmmaanatthil nyoonukalilum torbanilum kookk aasthikalil ninnulla chila vasthukkalum upakaranangalum veendum upayogikkukayum cheyyum. 1926 maarchode, saadhanangalum upakaranangalum neekkam cheyyaan railway laininte aavasyamillaathaavukayum athile ellah sevanangalum nirthukayum cheythu. railway line paripaalikkunna bakkiyulla kurachu pere pirichuvittu. 1927 augustil, panayam vachavar enna nilayil, komanvelthu oayil kambaniyude asthikal nyoons, nyoons junction, hartley wall ennividangalil tender vazhi otta lottil vilppanaykku vechu; akkaalat vilppana undaayirunnillenn thonnunnu.
sheyil khananam cheiyunnathinulla chelavu nyoonesinte maranathinu oru pradhana kaaranamaanennu pinneedu kuttappedutthi. samrambham ippozhum aashankaajanakamaayirikke athine pinthunaykkaan kooduthal karyangal cheyyaathathinu unionukale addeham kuttappedutthi. 1922-ll, niravadhi vyaavasaayika tharkkangalil onninte avasaanathil addeham paranjathaayi udharikkappedunnu, "njaan eee thaazhvarayil ninnu onnum illaathe pookunnu, khanithozhilaalikalkku ente swantham pokkattil ninnu ente samrambhathile nikshepam ulppede dhaaraalam labhichu.1928-ll, adachupootti naalu varshathinu sesham," "njaan vijayikkaan kadinamaayi parishramichu, avarkk angane cheyyaan kazhiyumennu aarenkilum karuthunnundengil avarkk sramikkaan swaagatham", "nyoons juuliyas seaserineppole marichuvennu prakhyaapichu".
newnessile swathukkalude vilppana parajayappetta punarujjeevanavum.
1920 kalude thudakkathil swantham niraashakalkk sesham, full newnesine punarujjeevippikkaanulla pilkkala sramavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. 1930 joolaiyil addeham komanvelthu oayil korppareshante nyoons, refinery, railway ennividangalile swathukkal takarnna malayora mekhalayile urukkunnavarude kansorshyathile kambanikalkku vittu. puthiya udamakal sheyil oayil investigations propraittari limittad enna kambani sthaapikkukayum ekadesham 6,000 poundu chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. 1931 januvariyil padhathi upekshikkaanulla puthiya udamakalude theerumaanathetthudarnnu eee punarujjeevana sramam nishfalamaayi. 
1931 februvariyil mahaamaandyathinte uchasthaayiyil thozhilillaatha khanithozhilaalikal jolie thedi newnukalilekku oodiyengilum thaarathamyena cheria alavil enna-ekadesham 200,000 200,000 gaalan-1931lum thudakkathilum sarkkar pinthunayulla sheyil oayil development kammitti nirmmicha 'veendum thurakkunnathu' hraswamaayirunnu. 
sheyil oayil jolikal thudarumennu vyakthamaayikkazhinjaal, 1932 januvari 1 nuu nyoonesilekkulla railway audyogikamaayi adachu. 1930 kaliludaneelam, sarkkar pinthunayulla sheyil oayil development kammittiyudeyum neuness anweshana samithiyudeyum vividha swakaarya kambanikaludeyum pravarthanangaliloode neuness veendum thurakkunnathinekkurichu charchakal thudarnnu, pakshe newnessile crude oayil uthppaadanam orikkalum punaraarambhichilla. 
punaraarambhichilla madhyathode, volgan thaazhvara eathaandu janavasam illaathaavukayum athinte valia vyaavasaayika samuchayathil avasheshikkukayum khanana tounshippinte bhooribhaagavum thakarukayum cheythu. 
sidney.
sidneyile refinerykal.
joonn phaal, kambani greenvichile gorr beyilum sidneyile parramatta nadiyile clydilum refinerykal pravarthippichu.
gorr bay (greenwich) refinery.
shellinte bulk unloading, storeju soukaryathinu thekk gorr beyude muntheerathaanu refinery sthithicheythirunnathu. 1911ll greenwich thadi kambaniyil ninnaan eee sthalam etteduthathennu thonnunnu. oru thadi muttamaakunnathin munbu, 1884 muthal 1908 vare nyoo southu veyilsinte pettant asphaalttam kambani pravarthippichirunna oru bittumen refineryaayirunnu eee sthalam, ithu trinidadil ninnulla crude bittumen prosess cheythu.
pazhaya hartley vaale railway steshanil ninnu 1914 ll refineryil sthaapikkunnathinaayi maatti sthaapicha sambharana taankukal veenu.
lubricantukalude uthppaadanathinaayi gorr bay refinery upayogichirunnu. 1921-ll kambani refineryumaayi chernnulla bhoomi ettedukkukayum ishtika curton mathilukalulla naalu nila ishtika shakthippeduthiya konkreett kettidam nirmmikkukayum cheythu, ithu athinte uthppannangalude bulk storaayi upayogikkunnu. 1923-ll, sheyil oayil muthal irakkumathi cheytha asamskritha ennayilekku maarunnathode, gorr bay saitt oru tanker bertah irakkumathi cheytha asamskritha enna sambharikkaanum addeham padhathiyittu. praadeshika athirppukalkkidayilum avide sambharana taankukal sthaapikkunnathil addeham vijayichu.
clyde refinery.
joonn veenu, kambani 1925-ll pravartthanam aarambhicha clydil (chilappol granvilleyil ennu vilikkappedunnu) oru refinery nirmmichu. 1923-ll bhoomi vaangiyirunnu, orupakshe nyoonukalum athinte refinery sthiramaayi adachupoottumennu vyakthamaayikkazhinjaal. sidani thuramukhathe tankerukalil ninnu irakkiya asamskritha enna gorr beyil barj vazhi konduvaraan kazhiyunna reyil shringalayilekkum nadiyude munvashathekkum saittin praveshanamundaayirunnu, thudarnnulla vipuleekaranathinaayi dhaaraalam bhoomiyum undaayirunnu.
puthiya refinery newnessilum torbanilum ulla pazhaya komanvelthu oayil korppareshan plaantukalil ninnu kandedutha ishtikakalum mattu vasthukkalum veendum upayogichu.
motor vaahanangalkkayi 'nockless' indhanam uthppaadippikkunnathina oru 'doubs cracker' plaantil ulppeduthiyittundu. aadyathe yoonit 1926-ll poornna ulppaadanathilekku praveshichu, randaamathethu aasoothranam cheythu. ducks' motor spiritt (kaarukalkk), 'ajax' power mannenna (tractors) ennee perukalilaanu uthppannangal vitharanam cheythath. athe alavil crude oayil ninnu kooduthal indhanam nedaan padakkam anuvadichu.
offeesukal.
1902 muthal, joonn phaal & kambaniyude offeesukal sidneyile jorjju streettile oru kettidatthilaayirunnu, athu ippol juuliyan aashtan art skoolinte paithruka pattikayil ulppeduthukayum kaivashappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. kettidam enn. yill ninnu vaangi.ezz.dablyu. 1931ll sarkkar adhikaaramettappol athu addehathinte swakaarya swathaayi maari.
joonn phaal & kambani limittad.
1902ll joonn phaal & kambani sthaapikkappettu. clydile pravartthana vipuleekaranathinum pravartthana mooladhanathinumaayi fund swaroopikkendivanna kambani 1926 meyy maasathil munganana oharikalude roopathil kooduthal mooladhanam swaroopikkunnathinaayi vipaniyilethi. joonn phaal & kambani limittadinte oharikal 1926 october 24 nuu sidani stokku ekschenchil listt cheyyappettu. chairman managing directorumaayirunnu. faalsinte nilanilkkunna sahodaran walter joonn phaal (maama. 1938), general maanejaraayirunnu. 
mootha makante maranam, swathukkalude vilppana, swamedhayaa panamozhukkal.
1927 august august, veezhchayude mootha makan joonn simpson veenu (1894-1927), thaledivasam clyde refineryil undaaya spodanathil marichu. mattu rund perum marichu. newnessile swathukkal vilppanaykku vechathinu divasangalkku sheshamaan ithu sambhavichathu.
1927 desemberil, clyde refinery vilkkumennu prakhyaapichu. joonn veenu, kambani "mattoru oorganaiseshanaayi motor spirittum indhana ennayum labham pankidal adisthaanathil nirmmikkum", koodaathe "karaarile vyavastha prakaram ventor kambani oru kaalayalavilekku vaangunnayaalkk vendi chelavil thudarendathundu." joonn full enna peru aasthikalude puthiya udamayude udamasthathayilulla oru swakaarya kambaniyude peril upayogikkunnathu thudarumennu paranja samayat.
uyarnna thozhilchelavum kadutha malsaravumaayirunnu vilppanaykku nalkia kaaranagal. joonn phaal & kambani limittad 1927 juun 30 vare varshathil 16,375 poundu nashtam varuthiyirunnu, 1926 juun muthal labhavihitam nalkiyirunnilla. munganana ohari udamakalkkulla paymentukal saadhaarana oharikalude udamakalkku avarude oharikalude mukhavilayekkaal kuravu labhikkaan kaaranamaayi. 
valia anthaaraashtra ennakkambanikalumaayi malsarikkaan aavashyamaaya mooladhanam-300,000 poundu maathram-addehathinte kambanikku illennu aaa veezhcha nigamanam cheythathayi thonnunnu, ennaal orupakshe addehathinte makante joliyumaayi bandhapetta maranavum swantham praayavum-appozhekkum addehathinu 65 vayassayirunnu-asthikal vilkkanulla theerumaanatthile gadakangalum.
puthiya udama, royal dutch shellinte udamasthathayilulla britiish imperial oayil kambaniyaayirunnu, athinte brand naamamaya 'shell' ennaanu ithu kooduthal ariyappedunnathu. neunese crude ooyilumaayi valare mathsaraadhishtithamaanennu theliyikkapetta borneoyile ennappaadangal shell pravarthippichirunnu. vilppanayude bhaagamaayi, gorr bay refinery sambharana sthalavum shell etteduthu; gorr beyile aduthulla sthalam shell ithinakam svanthamaakkiyirunnu. gorr bay lubricant oayil refinery blending plaantum shell udamasthathayil pravartthanam thudarnnu. 
1930 juun juun joonn phaal & kambani limittad swamedhayaa pirichuvittu.
kudumbam, veedukal, pilkkala jeevithavum maranavum.
1888ll maargarat clark simpsone (1866-1945) vivaham kazhichu.
eee dambathikalkku anchu kuttikalundaayirunnu. avarude mootha kutty jaanett emm full aayirunnu (<aii. dii. 1>); aval vivaham kazhichu amerikkayil thamasikkaan poyathaayi thonnunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathil sevanamanushticha enchineeyarum clyde refineryil undaaya spodanathil marichavarumaaya joonn simpson aayirunnu avarude mootha makan. avarude randaamathe makal helen marian phaal (1897-1977) aayirunnu, aval soshyalaitt ennariyappettirunnu, marian veenu; aval orikkalum vivaham kazhichilla, pakshe avalude bandhuvum jeevakaarunya pravarthakanumaaya helen vilson phaal (1849-1935) aarambhicha kindergarten prasthaanatthil kudumba pankaalittham thudarnnu. avarude randaamathe makan dougless alexander full aayirunnu (1901-1962). colorado sarvakalashaalayil ninnu petroleum enchineeyaringil birudam nediya sesham joonn phaal & kambaniyilaanu addeham thante currier aarambhichath. clydil, thudarnnu borneoyilum yuu. yilum jolie cheythukondu shellil executive aayi.ezz.eiii. austreliyayum; avan shellinte enn aayi.ezz.dablyu. 1942-ll maanejar. viramikkumbol, dougless campbeltownile oru meyakkaranaayirunnu. avarude ilaya makan iyaan buchan phaal (1904-1962) aayirunnu, addeham oru schwadron leaderaayirunnu, ippol sidney sarvakalaashaalayile vaasthuvidyayude faakkalttiyil iyaan buchan phaal housing research sentarinu perukettayaalaan, athu addehathinte vaswat nalki.
kudumbam sholhavanil thaamasichirunna samayat, naurayile avarude vasathi 'rosstrevore' ennariyappettirunnu. 1906 muthal 16 pooyint roadle, thuramukhathe sidani praanthapradeshamaaya north woodle, kudumbam varshangalolam thaamasichirunna oru sradheyamaaya poonthottamulla mattoru veedinu avar 'rostrevor' enna samanamaaya peru nalki. irelandile rostrevorinte perilayirikkaam eee veedinu nalkappettath.
1928ll viramichathinusesham deerghakaalam jeevikkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte lakshyam. 1948ll clydil oru shell bittumen refineryude audyogika udghaadanathil addeham athidhiyaayirunnu. naashanal oayil propraittari limittadil addeham ulppettittillengilum, glen davisile sheyil oayil extraction phesilitic vendiyulla retort design vishayangalil addeham sarr jorjju davisine upadeshichu. 1951ll thante 89-aamm varshamaayappozhekkum ezhuthiya oru kathil addeham thante 'veezhchayude prathikara' thinte roopakalppanaye prathirodhichu. avasaanathe australian sheyil oayil nirmmikkukayum 1952 meyy maasathil glen davis ooppareshan avasanippikkukayum cheythappol veenathu ippozhum jeevanodeyundaayirunnu.
1951 januvariyode addeham pimpilil thaamasikkukayaayirunnu, 1955 juun 11 nuu addeham marikkumbozhum athu addehathinte vilasamaayirunnu.
paarambaryamaayi.
irupathaam noottaandinte aadya moonnu pathittaandukalil australian enna vyavasaayathile oru pradhana vyakthiyaayirunnu idivu. addehathinte peru palappozhum newnessile vyaavasaayika avashishtangalumayi bandhappettirikkunnu, koodaathe eee sthalavumaayi bandhapettavayil ettavum vijayakaramaayath veenu. 
veenu scotish sheyil enna vyavasaayathil pithaavinte munnira punk muthal swantham pankaalittham, australiyayile parambaraagatha ennayude shudheekaranathil addehathinte puthranmaarude pankaalittham vare ulppede addehathinte kudumbatthile moonnu thalamurakal enna vyavasaayathil earppettirunnu. nyoo southu weils shekharathinte samsthaana libraryil 1837 muthal 1975 vareyulla kaalayalavil sheyil oayil vyavasayavumaayi bandhapetta warta cuttingukal ulppede phaal kudumbatthinte pepparukal ulppedunnu. 
greenvichileyum clydileyum muun shell soukaryangal-randum ippol vaiva energyude udamasthathayilullavayaanu-ippol ennaye shudheekarikkunnillenkum avayude pradhana paarambaryamaanu. 
jakkaranda austreliyayil janapriyamakkunnathil addehathinte bhaarya maargarat nirnaayaka punk vahichu. graafttanile jakkarandas avanyoovile pala marangalum north vudile felsinte veettaaya 'rostrevorinte' thottatthil aval valarthiya marangalude vithukalil ninnaan valarthiyathu, avayude oru bhagam ippozhum nilanilkkunnu. 1911ll nyoo southu veyilsil redu krosinte oru shaakha konduvanna aadya yogangalkk maargarat aathidheyathvam vahicha 'rostrevorilum' aayirunnu ithu.

