yosemite pradeshatthinte bhoomishaasthram

kaaliforniyayile central siyara nevaadayilaan yosemite desheeyodyaanam sthithi cheiyunnathu. yosemitinode chernnulla moonnu marubhoomi pradeshangal thekkukizhakk ansel adams marubhoomi, vadakkukizhakku hoover marubhoomi, vadakku kudiyetta marubhoomi.
ekadesham yuu. esinte valippamaan paarkkin.ezz. rooad dweep enna samsthaanathil aayirakkanakkin thadaakangalum kulangalum aruvikalum kaalnadayaathra paathakalum roadukalum undu. federal aayi niyukthamaaya rund vanyavum manoharavumaaya nadikalaaya mersed, tuvolumne enniva yosemaittinte athirthikalil ninnu aarambhich siera thaazhvarakaliloode padinjarottu ozhuki kaaliforniyayude madhya thaazhvarayilekku ozhukunnu. yosemite thaazhvarayude ezhu chathurashra mile (18 chathurashra kilometer) pradeshathu kendreekarichirikkunna mikka sandarshakarudeyum vaarshika paarkk sandarshanam 35 laksham kavinju.
thaazhe click cheyyaavunna bhoopadam upayogichu yosemite pradeshatthinte bhoomishaasthram drishyavalkkarikkaam
paarakalum mannolipum.
yosemite pradeshathe mikkavarum ellah bhooprakrithikalum siera newada baatholithinte graanaitik paarayil ninnaan murichirikkunnathu (uparithalathinu thazheyaayi roopappetta nuzhanjukayatta ignius paarakalude oru valia pindamaanu batholith). desheeyodyaanathinte bhooprakrithiyude ekadesham 5 sathamaanavum (kooduthalum daana parvathathinaduthulla kizhakkan attathu) roopaantharappetta agniparvvatha, avashishta paarakalaanu. eee paarakale "roof pendantukal" ennu vilikkunnu, kaaranam avaa oru kaalath graanaitik paarayude melkkoorayaayirunnu.
vividha tharatthilulla uyarthal srishticha sandhikalilum odivukalilum pravartthikkunna mannolipp thaazhvarakal, malayidukkukal, thazhikakkudangal, innu naam kaanunna mattu savisheshathakal enniva srishtikkunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu. eee sandhikalum odivukalum neengunnilla, athinaal avaa thakaraaralla. graanait, granodiorite paarakalile silikkayude alavaanu sandhikal thammilulla akalam niyanthrikkunnath; kooduthal silica kooduthal prathirodhasheshiyulla paara srishtikkunnu, ithu sandhikalkkum odivukalkkum idayil valia edangal srishtikkunnu.
washington nira, nashtappetta ambu thudangiya thoonukalum nirakalum cross sandhikal upayogichaanu srishtikkappedunnathu. maasttar sandhikalil pravartthikkunna mannolipp thaazhvarakalum pinneedu malayidukkukalum srishtikkunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu. kazhinja eathaanum dasalaksham varshangalayi ettavum kooduthal mannolipp undaakkunna eaka shakti valia alpine himanikalaanu, avaa munbu vii-aakruthiyilulla nadhi-muricha thaazhvarakale yuu-aakruthiyilulla glacial-muricha malayidukkukalaayi (yosemite thaazhvara, hetch hechi thaazhvara enniva polullava) maatti. vishalamaaya akalamulla sandhikalulla graanaitik paarakalil pravartthikkunna exfoliation (plutonic paarakalile paralukal uparithalathil vikasikkanulla pravanatha moolamundaakunna) pakuthi thaazhikakkudam, vadakkan thaazhikakkudam, rajakeeya kamanangal polulla insett kamanangal enniva srishtikkunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu.
janapriya savisheshathakal.
yosemite thaazhvara paarkk pradeshatthinte oru sathamaanam maathrame prathinidheekarikkunnum ivideyaanu mikka sandarshakarum athicherukayum thaamasikkukayum cheiyunnathu. niravadhi sandarshakar thaazhvarayude aadya kazhchayaanu turanka kazhcha, ithu vipulamaayi photoyedukkunnu. yosemite thaazhvaraykku mukalilaayi sthithicheyyunna oru pramukha graanait malanjerivaaya ell kaapittan, varsham muzhuvanum athicheraavunnathinu purame vaividhyamaarnna malakayatta roottukal ullathinaal lokathile ettavum janapriyamaaya paara kayaral lakshyasthaanangalilonnaan. graanait thazhikakkudangalaaya centinal thaazhikakkudam, pakuthi thaazhikakkudam enniva yathaakramam thaazhvarayude tharaykku mukalil uyarunnu.
uyarnna pradeshamaaya yosemitil tuvolumne pulmedukal, daana pulmedukal, clark rench, cathedral rench, kuna krestt thudangiya manoharamaaya pradeshangal adangiyirikkunnu. siyera krasttum pasaphik krestt trailum yosemaittiloode kadannupokunnu, moundu daana, moundu gibbukal polulla chuvanna roopaanthara paarakalude kodumudikalum moundu conness polulla graanait kodumudikalum undu. paarkkile ettavum uyaram koodiya sthalamaanu moundu lail. yosemite desheeyodyaanathile ettavum valia himaniyanu lail himani innu siyara nevadayil avasheshikkunna churukkam chila himanikalil onnaanith.
purathana bheeman seekwoia ("sequoyadendron gigantium") marangalude moonnu thoppukal eee desheeyodyaanathilundu; mariposa thoppu (200 marangal), tuvolumne thoppu (25 marangal), mersed thoppu (20 marangal). mattethoru inathekkaalum valuppathil valarunna eee inam ettavum uyaramullathum kooduthal kaalam jeevikkunnathumaaya enangalilonnaanu.
vellavum manjum.
toolumne, mersed nadee samvidaanangal paarkkile siyara nevadayude mukalbhaagathu ninnu uthbhavikkukayum aazhathilulla nadeethadangal kothiyedukkukayum cheiyunnu. ekadesham 200 kilometer visthruthiyulla desheeyodyaanathinte vadakkan bhagam muzhuvan tyoolumne nadhi ozhukunnu. paarkkinte thekkan kodumudikalil, praadhamikamaayi cathedral, clark parvathanirakalil ninnu aarambikkunna eee nadhi ekadesham oru pradeshathekku ozhukunnu.
himanikal, vellapokkam, fluevial geomorphic prathikaranam ennivayulppedeyulla jala prakriyakal parkkil bhooprakrithikal srishtikkunnathil adisthaanaparamaayavayaanu. ekadesham 3,200 thadakangal (100 chathurashra meettaril kooduthal), rund jalasambharanikal, aruvikal ennivayum eee desheeyodyaanathilundu, ivayellaam eee rund valia neertthadangal roopappeduthaan sahayikkunnu. yosemaittile thanneerthadangal paarkkiludaneelamulla thaazhvarayude adithattil kaanapedunnu, koodaathe kaalaanusrithamaaya vellappokkathiloodeyum bhugarbhajala neekkatthiloodeyum palappozhum aduthulla thadakangalumaayum nadikalumaayum jalashaasthraparamaayi bandhippichirikkunnu. desheeyodyaanathil ninnu uyarathil vitharanam cheyyappedunna pulmedukalude aavaasavyavasthakal pothuve thanneerthadangalaanu, athupole yosemaittinte niravadhi aruvikaludeyum nadikaludeyum theerangalil kaanapedunna nadeethada aavaasavyavasthakalum.
oru cheria pradeshathu vellachaattangalude uyarnna saandrathaykku yosemite prashasthamaan. niravadhi thullikal, himaanikalude padikal, paarkkile thoongikkidakkunna thaazhvarakal enniva vellachaattangalkk niravadhi sthalangal nalkunnu, prathyekichu epril, meyy, juun maasangalil (manjuveezhchayude kaalam). yosemite thaazhvarayil sthithi cheiyunna yosemite vellachaattam vadakke amerikkayile ettavum uyaram koodiya vellachaattamaan. yosemite thaazhvarayilum ettavum kuranja vooliyam riban vellachaattamund, athil ettavum uyarnna otta lamba thulliyundu. orupakshe yosemite thaazhvarayile vellachattangalil ettavum pradhaanappettathaanu vavona thurankatthinte kizhakke attathulla turanka kazhchappadil ninnu kaanunna vellachattamaaya bridalweel vellachaattam. hetch hechi thaazhvarayile vapama vellachaattamaan mattoru sradheyamaaya vellachaattam. noorukanakkinu kshanika vellachattangalum eee desheeyodyaanathilundu.
desheeyodyaanathile ellah himanikalum thaarathamyena cheria himanikalaanu, avaa vadakku, vadakkukizhakku abhimukhamaaya sirkkukal polulla sthiramaaya nizhalilulla pradeshangal ulkkollunnu. yosemaittile ettavum valia himaniyanu lail himani (palisades himanikalaanu siyara nevadayile ettavum valuth) moodupadam. yosemite himanikalonnum yosemite bhooprakrithi nirmmikkunnathin utharavaadikalaaya valare valia manjukaala alpine himaanikalude avashishtangalalla. pakaram, manjukaalatthinte urukal muthal (cheria manjukaalatheppole) sambhavicha oru navoglatial episodilaanu avaa roopappettathu. kalavastha vyathiyaanam lokamembaadumulla himaanikalude ennavum valipavum kurachittundu. 1871ll joonn muir kandethukayum yosemite pradeshathekkurichulla addehathinte glacial uthbhava sidhaanthathe shakthippeduthukayum cheytha mersed glacier ulppede niravadhi yosemite himanikal aprathyakshamaakukayum mattullavayil bhooribhaagathinum avayude uparithala vistheernnathinte 75 sathamaanam vare nashtappedukayum cheythu.
kaalavastha.
yosemitinu medittareniyan kaalaavasthayundu (copen kalavastha vargeekaranam "csa"), athaayath mikka mazhayum mithamaaya shaithyakaalath veezhunnu, mattu seasonukal eathaandu varandathaanu (mazhayude 3 sathamaanathil thaazhe neendathum choodullathumaaya venalkkaalath veezhunnu). orographic liftt kaaranam, mazha uyarathinanusarichu athu pathukke shikharathilekku kurayunnu. mazhayude alavu uyaram muthal uyaram vare vyathyaasappedunnu. uyarnna rajyath november vare manju saadhaaranayaayi nilathu nilanilkkilla. ithu ellah shaithyakaalathum march allengil epril aadyathode shekharikkappedunnu.
sharashari dainamdina thaapanila tuvolumne pulmedukal muthal tuvolumne pulmedukal vare aayirikkum. vavonayude praveshana kavaadatthil (uyaram), sharashari dainamdina thaapanila muthal aanu. thaazheyulla thaazhnna uyarangalil, thaapanila kooduthal choodullathaanu; yosemite thaazhvarayile (uyaram) sharashari dainamdina uyarnna thaapanila ithil ninnu vyathyaasappedunnu. mukalil, choodullathum varandathumaaya venalkkaala thaapanila pathivayi venalkkaala idiminnalodeyum juulai vare thudaraan kazhiyunna manjum moolam mithamaakkunnu. varanda sasyangal, kuranja aapekshika eerppam, idiminnal ennivayude samyojanam idaykkide minnal moolamundaakunna theepidutthatthinum kaaranamaakunnu.
paarkk aasthaanathu, januvari sharashari uyarathil, juulai sharashari, venalkkaalath raathrikal choodulla pakalukalekkaal valare thanuppullathaanenkilum. uyarnnatho athiladhikamo thapanilayulla sharashari 39.5 pakalukalum thanuthuranja thapanilayulla sharashari 97.9 raathrikalumaan ullathu. varshathile ellah maasavum thaapanila rekhappeduthiyittundu. 1915 juulai 20-nuu record uyarnna thapanilayum 1924 januvari 2-nuu record kuranja thapanilayum 1937 januvari 21-nuu sharashari vaarshika mazha ekadesham 65 divasathekku kurayukayum cheythu. ettavum eerppamulla varsham 1983 umm ettavum varanda varsham 1976 umm aayirunnu. oru maasathil ettavum kooduthal mazha labhichathu 1955 desemberilum oru divasathil ettavum kooduthal mazha labhichathu 1955 desember desember. sharashari vaarshika manjuveezhchayaanu. 1967 aayirunnu ettavum manjuveezhchayulla varsham. oru maasathinide ettavum kooduthal manjuveezhchayundaayath 1993 januvariyilaanu.

