antharjanitharaaya pradesham

jeenukalkkidayil sthithicheyyunna dna shrenikalude oru bhagamaanu intergenic reejian. intergenic pradeshangalil pravartthana gadakangalum junk dna adangiyirikkaam. "janithaka mekhalakal thammilulla" "janithaka mekhalakalumaayi (allengil intronukal) thettidharikkaruthu, avaa jeenukalkkullil, prathyekichu eucariotic jeevikalude jeenukalkkullil kaanapedunna coding ithara pradesangalaanu".
savisheshathakalum pravartthanangalum.
intergenic pradeshangalil promotermaarum regulatory gadakangalum, enhancerukal, spacerukal, (yookkaariyottukalil) centromereukal thudangi niravadhi pravarthanaparamaaya dna sequenceukal adangiyirikkaam. avayil replication, scarfold attaachment pradeshangal, transposonukal, virusukal ennivayude uthbhavavum adangiyirikkaam. syoodojenukal, aavarthichulla dna thudangiya pravartthanarahitha dna gadakangal, iva randum junk dnaude tharangalaanu, avaa intronukalile jeenukalkkullil sthithicheyyaamenkilum intergenic pradeshangalilum kaanapedunnu.
ellah shaasthreeya arivukalum aathyanthikamayi thaalkkaalikamaayathinaal-thathwathil mechappetta thelivukal nalkikkond punaravalokanatthinu vidheyamaayathinaal-nannayi savisheshathayulla chila janithaka mekhalakal (ennaal intronukal polulla janithaka mekhalakalum) saangalppikamaayi ithuvare thirichariyappedaatha pravartthana gadakangal adangiyirikkaam, udaaharanathinu noonn-coding rna jeenukal allengil regulatory sequenceukal. atharam kandethalukal kaalaakaalangalil sambhavikkunnu, ennaal kandethiya pravarthanaparamaaya dnaude alavu saadhaaranayaayi intergenic/intronic dnaude mothatthilulla alavinte oru cheria bhagam maathramaan.
vividha jeevajaalangalile janithaka mekhalakal.
manushyaril, janithakaghadanayude 50 sathamaanavum janithakaghadanayude 50 sathamaanavum ulkkollunna intergenic pradeshangalil bakteeriyakalilum (15 sathamaanam) yeesttilum (30 sathamaanam) eee samkhya valare kuravaanu.
mattu mikka noonn-coding dnakleyum pole, intergenic pradeshangalude jisi-ulladakkam oro speesheesilum ganyamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu. udaaharanathinu, "plasmodium faalsipaaratthil", pala intergenic pradeshangalilum 90 sathamaanam ulladakkamundu.
janithakamekhalakalude tanmatra parinamam.
negatteevu selection vazhi avayude kramam nilanirthunnathinaal intergenic pradeshangalile pravartthana gadakangal saavadhaanam vikasikkum. valare valia genomukalulla speesheesukalil, intergenic pradeshangalil valiyoru sathamaanavum junk dna aayirikkam, athu parinaamatthinte nishpaksha nirakkil vikasikkum. junk dna sequenceukal selection shudheekarikkunnathiloode paripaalikkappedunnilla, pakshe doshakaramaaya phitnas efakttukalulla geyin-oof-function mutationukal sambhavikkam. 
phylostratigraphic anumaanavum bioinformatics reethikalum kaanikkunnath, intergenic pradeshangalkk-bhoomishaasthraparamaaya samayaparidhiyil-protein coding jeenukale anukarikkunna ooppan reeding frame seekwansukalaayi kshanikamaayi parinamikkaan kazhiyumennum athinaal dii novo jeane barth ennariyappedunna oru prakriyayil puthiya protein-coding jeenukalude parinaamatthilekku nayikkumennum.

