
anivaryamaaya maanasikavastha

oru commando abhyarthanayo roopappeduthunna vyaakarana manobhaavamaan anivaryamaaya maanasikavastha.
oru pravrithi nadathanamennu aavashyappedunnathino aavashyappedunnathino anivaryamaaya maanasikavastha upayogikkunnu. ithu saadhaaranayaayi varthamaanakaala, second pezhsanil maathrame kaanappedunnulloo. directive fozhsine encode cheiyunna oru savisheshathayum yaadhaarthyamaakaatha vyaakhyaanathinte reethi encode cheiyunna mattoru savisheshathayum ulppedunnathinaal avaye chilappol "directives" ennu vilikkunnu.
imperative moodle upayogikkunna oru kriyayude oru udaaharanam engleesh vaakyamaan "goo"."atharam nirbandhangal oru randaam vyakthi vishayathe (" "ningal" ") soochippikkunnu, ennaal mattu chila bhashakalkkum" "namukk (enthengilum cheyyaam)" "allengil" "avare (enthengilum cheyyaam)" "(roopangale marimari cohortative, jusive ennu vilikkam) enna ardhamulla aadya, moonnaam vyakthi nirbandhangalundu".
anivaryamaaya maanasikaavasthaye glossing churukkapperil soochippikkaam. ithu yaadhaarthyabodhamillaathu maanasikaavasthakalilonnaanu.
roopeekaranam.
prathyeka samyojitha kriya roopangal upayogichaanu anivaarya maanasikavastha palappozhum prakadippikkunnathu. mattu parimithamaaya kriya roopangaleppole, anivaaryathakal palappozhum vyakthikkum samkhyaykkum vendi prathifalikkunnu. randaam vyakthiyude anivaaryathakal (prasamgikkunna vyakthiyil ninnu nerittu prakadanam oordar cheiyunnathino abhyarthikkunnathino upayogikkunnu) ettavum saadhaaranamaanu, ennaal chila bhaashakalkk onnum moonnum vyakthikalkk anivaryamaaya roopangalundu (yathaakramam cohortative, jassive ennu vilikkunnu).
engleeshil, kriyayude ananthamaaya roopam upayogichaanu imperative roopappedunnathu (kooduthal vishadaamshangalkku engleesh kriyakal kaanuka). ithu saadhaaranayaayi randaam vyakthi avatharippikkunna soochaka roopathinu thulyamaanu, "aayirikkuka" enna kriyayude kaaryatthil ozhike, avide anivaaryamaayath "aayirikkuka", athesamayam soochakam "aakuka". (ippozhathe upavibhaagathin ellaayppozhum anivaaryathayude athe roopamundu, athu vyathyasthamayi nishedhikkappedunnunde-anivaaryatha "enne thodaruthu" ennathupole "cheyyaruthu" upayogichu nishedhikkappedunnu!";" cheyyuka "-pinthuna kaanuka. idaykkide "cheyyuka" enna vaakk upayogikkilla "enne thodaathirikkaan dhairyappedaruthu!") anivaryamaaya roopam randaamathe vyakthiyil ullathayi manassilakkunnu (vishaya sarvanaamam" "ningal" "saadhaaranayaayi ozhivaakkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu oonnalinaayi ulppeduthaam), ekavachanathinteyo bahuvachanathinteyo vyakthamaaya soochanayilla". ledu" enna kriyayude anivaaryathayodukoodiya oru nirmmaanam upayogichu onnum moonnum vyakthikalude anivaaryathakal periphraastik aayi prakadippikkunnu
mattu bhashakal.
laattin, franch, jarmman thudangiya mattu bhaashakalkk vyakthikkum samkhyaykkum adayaalappeduthiyirikkunna kooduthal vaividhyamaarnna inflected imperative roopangalundu, avayude roopeekaranam palappozhum oru kriyayude konjugeshan paattenine aasrayichirikkunnu. chuvadeyulla nirddishta bhasha vibhagangalil udaaharanagal kaanam. tii. vii. yill vyathyasam varuthunna bhashakalil (vii. , vii. , vii. , vii. , muthalaayava.) randaam vyakthiyude prathyeka roopangalude upayogam mattu kriya roopangaleppole, prabhashakanum vilasam sweekarikkunnavanum thammilulla parichayatthinte alavine ashrayichirikkum.
second pezhsan singular imperittiyil palappozhum kriyayude thandu maathram adangiyirikkunnu, avasaanamilla-udaaharanathinu slavik bhashakalil ithaanu sthithi.
udaaharanathinu, teey rioo mavoric anivaryamaaya "njaan" undu, ithu command cheyyaan vaakyangalkk munnil vaykkunnathinupurame (udha.jii. "mii horoy ooo ringeringa"; "(ningal) ningalude kaikal kazhukanam"), engleeshil "namukk (namukk)" ennu vivarthanam cheyyappedunna vaakyangalile anivaarya maanasikavastha urappikkaan upayogikkunnu. njangale (ningalum njaanum) pokatte" ennu vivarthanam cheiyunna "mii here thawa" aanu ithinte oru udaaharanam, ennaal "yuu. ezz" ghadakam avasaanathethaanu.
vaakyaghadanayum nishedhavum.
anivaarya vaakyangal chilappol declarative allengil mattu tharatthilulla klosukalekkaal vyathyastha vaakyaghadana upayogikkunnu. sthireekaranavum nishedhaathmakavumaaya anivaarya vaakyangal thammil vaakyaghadanayude vyathyaasangalum undakam. chila sandarbhangalil nishedhikkumbol kriyayude anivaarya roopam thanne vyathyasthamayirikkum. oru prathyeka negatteevu imperative roopam chilappol nirodhithamo vettetevu maanasikaavasthayo (churukkatthil) aanennu parayappedunnu.
negatteevu nirbandhangal vishayathodu enthengilum cheyyaruthennu parayunnu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi "cheyyaruthu" enna creayo allengil oru kriyayude negatteevu roopamo upayogichaanu aarambhikkunnath. iii.jii.udaaharanathinu, "angane aakarut."
saadhaaranayaayi engleeshil sambhavikkunnathupole, pala bhaashakalum, saadhaaranayaayi shoonya-vishaya bhaashakalallengilum, anivaarya vaakyangalile vishaya sarvanaamam ozhivaakkunnu (chuvade kaanuka). mattu chila bhaashakalile anivaarya vaakyangalude vaakyaghadanayude vishadaamshangalum sthireekaranavum nishedhaathmakavumaaya anivaaryathakal thammilulla vyathyaasangalum chuvadeyulla mattu chila nirddishta bhasha vibhagangalil kaanam.
rekhaamoolam, anivaryamaaya vaakyangalum vaakyangalum oru vismayam adayaalathil avasaanichekkaam (!).
upayogam.
thokku thaazhthuka!" enna nirbandhangal pradhaanamaayum kelkkunnayaale enthengilum cheyyaan (allengil cheyyaruthu) oordar cheyyaano abhyarthikkaano upadeshikkaano upayogikkunnu."," enikku soos tharanam ", kaduvayude aduthekku pokaruthu."oru task engane nirvahikkaam ennathinekkurichulla nirddeshangal nalkunnathinum avaa palappozhum upayogikkunnu" "phayal instaal cheyyuka, thudarnnu ningalude computer punararambhikkuka". nirthuka", "" vazhithettikkuka "," "" praveshikkaruthu "ennee utharavukalo munnariyippukalo nalkunna adayaalangalil avaa chilappol kaanaan kazhiyum".
anivaryamaaya maanasikaavasthayude upayogam chila saahacharyangalil maryaadayillaathatho anuchithamo kuttakaramo aayi kaanapedaam. manyamaaya samsaarathil, utharavukalo abhyarthanakalo palappozhum nirbandhangalekkaal chodyangalo prasthaavanakalo aayi padavinyaasam cheiyunnu
oru sambhaashana pankaaliyude svayam nirnnayathinteyum pradeshathinteyum aavasyangalil bheeshanippeduthaathirikkaan manyamaaya thanthrangal (udaaharanathinu, paroksha samsara pravrithikal) kooduthal uchithamaanennu thonniyekkaam pankaaliyude "nishedhaathmaka mukham" bheeshanippeduthunnathaayi kaanaruth. mukalil charcha cheythathupole mattu vaakya tharangalumayi anivaaryathakal maattisthaapikkunnathinom, "dayavaayi" polulla oru vaakk cherkkuka; allengil "ningalkk kazhiyumenkil" polulla oru vaachakam; allengil "ichhaashakthi" yill ninnu "meeii" iii "yilekkulla maattathilennapole, oru" nirddesham "mattonnin pakaram vaykkuka thudangiya kooduthal manyamaaya reethiyil oru anivaarya padaprayogatthinulla reethikalum palappozhum nilavilundu.g, "ningal athu cheyyum" ennathu "ningalkk athu cheyyaam/cheyyaan kazhiyum" aayi maarunnu.
praadhamikamaayi oru utharavo abhyarthanayo nalkukayalla, marichu oru kshanam nalkaanum anumathi nalkaanum aagraham prakadippikkaanum mapp parayanum muthalaayava nalkaanumaan prasanga pravrithikalkku nirbandhangal upayogikkunnathu. 
ezhuthumbol, anivaryamaaya vaakyangal palappozhum, pakshe ellaayppozhum allah, oru vismayam adayaalam upayogichu avasaanippikkunnu.
pradhama vyakthi bahuvachana anivaaryathakal (cohortativukal) pradhaanamaayum samsaarikkunnavanum vilasiyum (orupakshe mattu aalukalum) orumichu nirvahikkenda oru pravartthanam nirddeshikkaan upayogikkunnu "namukk eee varsham barbadosylake pookaam", "namukk praarthikkaam". oru moonnaam kakshiyeyo kakshikaleyo anuvadikkukayo enthengilum cheyyaan prerippikkukayo cheyyanamennu nirddeshikkaano utharavidaano moonnaam vyakthi nirbandhangal (jassives) upayogikkunnu "avar kekku kazhikkatte", "avane vadikkatte".
illa" enna wack thudarnnu jerend roopavum ulkkollunna oru adhika anivaarya roopamundu, athu pothuvaaya nirodhanangalkkayi upayogikkunnu. pukavalikkaruth", "parking cheyyaruthu" ennivayaanu ettavum ariyappedunna udaaharanagal. eee roopathinu oru positteev roopamilla; athaayath, parking anuvadaneeyamaanennu parayumbol oru naamamaayi upayogichillengil "parking" ennathinu thanne ardhamilla.
inipparayunna vaakyangal anivaarya maanasikaavasthayude niravadhi vyathyastha roopangal prakadamaakkunnu.
prathyekichu bhashakalil.
thaazhe koduthirikkunna bhaashakalileyum pattikappedutthiyittilla bhaashakalileyum anivaaryathakalekkurichula kooduthal vivarangalkk, nirddishta bhaashakalude vyaakaranathekkurichulla lekhanangal kaanuka.
engleesh.
engleesh saadhaaranayaayi anivaarya vaakyangalil vishaya sarvanaamam ozhivaakkunnu
ennirunnaalum, oonnal nalkunnathinaayi anivaarya vaakyangalil "ningal" ulppeduthaan kazhiyum. 
engleesh nirbandhangal "cheyyaruthu" ("pravartthikkaruthu!" ennathu pole) upayogichu nishedhikkappedunnu.") ithu soochaka khandangalil kaanappedunnathupole" "cheyyuka" "-pinthunaykkunna oru kesaanu; ennirunnaalum anivaryathayil ithu" "aayirikkuka" "enna kriyayude kaaryatthil polum baadhakamaan (ithu soochakathil" "cheyyuka" "-pinthunaykkuka enna prayogam upayogikkunnilla):
oonnal allengil (chilappol) maanyathaykkaayi "cheyyuka"-pinthunaykkuka enna vaakk upayogikkaanum kazhiyum "mindaathirikkuka!"," svayam sahayikkuka!".
nishedikkappetta nirbandhangalil oonnal nalkunnathinaayi "ningal" enna vishayam ulppeduthiyekkaam, "cheyyaruthu" ennu pinthudaruka "ningal athu veendum cheyyaan dhairyappedaruthu!"
laattin.
laattin pathiv nirbandhangalil "amaa" (2nd pers) ulppedunnu. ekavachanam), "amate" (2nd pers. bahuvachanam), ananthamaaya "amare" (snehikkaan); athupole "mone", "mone" enniva "monere" (upadesikkaan/munnariyipp nalkaan); "oodi", "ooditt" enniva "oodir" (kelkkaan) muthalaayavayil ninnu. noll" (aagrahikkaruth): "nollie staar" (nilkkaruth, 2nd pers) enna anivaaryathaykk munbu kriyayude ananthathayodeyaanu negatteevu imperitteshan roopappedunnathu. ekavachanam), "noolit staar" (2nd pers. bahuvachanam); positteev imperative "staa" (staand, 2nd pers) thaarathamyam cheyyuka. ekavachanam), staatt (2nd pers. bahuvachanam).
moonnaam vyakthiyude anivaaryathakalkk pakaram subjunctive maanasikaavasthayaanu upayogikkunnathu.
lattinil anivaryathayil oru prathyeka kaalamund, bhaviyil aaa adikaaram niravettanamennu ningal aagrahikkumbol upayogikkunna bhaavikaalamaan ithu. eee samayam pradhaanamaayum niyamangal, ichhaashakthikal, pramanangal muthalaayavayil upayogikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum vyakthikalude ekavachanathinu "-toow", randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum vyakthikalude bahuvachanathinu "-totte", moonnaamatheyum vyakthikalude bahuvachanathinu "-noow" enningane oru vyaakaranamaayi allengil avasaanikkunna moonnaamatheyum randaamatheyum vyakthikalude ekavachanavumaayum bahuvachanavumayum maathrame ithu samyojippichittulloo. maruvashathu, lokathile mattu bhashakalil oru savisheshamaaya anivaaryathayund, athinu bhaaviyile moolyavumundu, pakshe muun ardhamundu, ithu franch, greak bhashakalil oru pooyintaayi prathyakshappedunna bhootakaala anivaaryathayaan. laattin konjugeshan kaanuka.
kriyakalude inipparayunna samyojanangalude udaaharanagal, koodaathe
bhaaviyile anivaaryathayude vaakya udaaharanangal
jarmman bhashakal.
dutch.
dachinte oru savisheshatha, pluperfect tensil oru anivaarya maanasikavastha roopappeduthaan kazhiyum ennathaanu. athinte upayogam valare saadhaaranamaanu
jarmman.
jarmman kriyakalkk oru ekavachanavum bahuvachana anivaaryathayum undu. ekavachana anivaaryatha nagnamaaya thandu allengil nagnamaaya thandu + "-e" nuu thulyamaanu. (mikka kriyakalilum, rund vazhikalum sariyaanu.) bahuvachanam anivaaryamaayath varthamaanakaalathinte randaam vyakthi bahuvachanathinu thulyamaanu.
avarude vilasam oonnipparayunnathinaayi, jarmman nirbandhangale "duu" ("nee; nee [esji] enna naamanirddesha vyakthigatha sarvanaamangal pinthudaraan kazhiyum.]") allengil" ihr "(" ningal [pla.]"), yathaakramam. udaaharanathina "geh vegue!"-" "enthaa, enthaa!"(" pookoo!"-" enthaa, nee poow!").
jarmman bhaashaykk tii/vii vyathyaasamund, athaayath "duu", "ihr" ennee sarvanaamangal pradhaanamaayum oraalkk svakaaryamaayi parichayamulla vyakthikalkkaan upayogikkunnathu, ithu anubandha nirbandhangalkk baadhakamaan. (vishadaamshangalkku jarmman vyakaranam kaanuka.) allaathapaksham, saamoohika-dhoora sarvanaamamaaya "sii" (yuu) ekavachanathinum bahuvachanathinum upayogikkunnu. sii" yumayi bandhapetta yadhaartha anivaaryathayonnum nilavillillaathathinaal, eee roopathe nilavile upavibhaagathinte moonnaam vyakthi bahuvachanavumayi vyaakhyaanikkunnu, thudarnnu sarvanaamam
chilappozhokke, vyakthiye nerittu abhisambodhana cheiyunnathu ozhivaakkunnathino vaakyathinte nirmmaanam lalithamaakkunnathino vendi ananthamaaya ("ananthamaaya" allengil "ananthamaaya") soumyamo maanyamo aaya anivaryathayaayi upayogikkaam. chilappol samsaarikkunna bhashayil upayogikkunnundengil, eee roopam pothuvaaya nirddeshangalilum paachakakkurippukalilum saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu. udaaharanangalil iva ulppedunnu
engleeshilethupole jarmman bhashayilum aajnjakalum aagrahangalum prakadippikkunna niravadhi nirmmanangal undu. athinaal avaa vyakaranaparamaayi anivaaryathakalallathe anivaryathakalumaayi ardhaparamaayi bandhappettirikkunnu
pranaya bhashakal.
franch.
franchile pathiv nirbandhangalude udaaharanagal "maanke" (2nd pers) aanu. ekavachanam), "mangez" (2nd pers. bahuvachanam), "manjeens" (1st vyakthi bahuvachanam, "namukk kazhikkaam"), "pultthakidi" (kazhikkaan)-iva prasakthamaaya soochaka roopangalumaayi saamyamullatho samaanamo aanu, ennirunnaalum "étre" (aayirikkendathu) ennathil ninnu "Sois", "Soyez", "Soyon" thudangiya nilavile upavibhagangalumaayi saamyamulla chila kramarahithamaya anivaaryathakalund. kyu 'ails maanchant dii laa brioche" (avare kekku kazhikkaan anuvadikkuka) ennathupole "kyu" enna samyojanathodukoodiya oru subjunctive closs upayogichu oru moonnaam vyakthi imperative roopappeduthaam.
nischayaathmakavum nishedhaathmakavumaaya anivaarya vaakyangalkk franch vyathyastha padha kramam upayogikkunnu
negatteevu imperiteevinu (nirodhana) soochakathinte athe padha kramamundu. vishadaamshangalkku nokkuka.
engleeshilennapole, anivaarya vaakyangal palappozhum oru vismayam adayaalathode avasaanikkunnu, udha.jii. oru oordarinu oonnal nalkuka.
franch bhashayil valare savisheshamaaya oru anivaaryathayund, athu preterite tensinte anivaarya maanasikaavasthayaanu (bhaaviyile thikanjathinte munkaala anivaaryatha allengil anivaaryatha), munkaala bhaavi moolyathode oru nischitha kramam prakadippikkunnu, athu bhaviyil nadappilaakkukayo niravettukayo venam, athu udaneyalla, varaanirikkunna oru pravartthanamennapole, bhaviyil sambhavikkunna mattonninumayi bandhappett neratthe. ennirunnaalum, itharathilulla anivaaryatha franch bhashayil savisheshamaan, athinu oreyoru uddeshyameyulloo theeyathiykko samayathino munbu enthengilum cheyyaan utharaviduka, athinaal ithu ellaayppozhum samayathinte saahacharya poorakathodoppam undaayirikkum. ennirunnaalum, eee anivaaryatha roopappedunnathu "avoir" samyuktha kaalangalude sahaaya kriyayodum, pronominal kriyakalum chila intraansitteevu kriyakalum chernna kaalangal roopappeduthunnathinu upayogikkunna sahaaya kriya "étre" upayogichum aanu, ithinartham anivaryamaaya kriyayude ghadana athinte poornnathayil roopappettathaanu ennaanu. udaaharanangal
engleeshil anivaryamaaya maanasikaavasthayude eee pirimurukkam roopappeduthunnathinu thulyamaaya vyaakarana gadanayilla; muun moolyamulla varthamaanakaalathinte anivaarya maanasikaavasthayil ithu vivarthanam cheyyappedunnu.
spanish.
spanish bhashayil, parichithamaaya ekavachanamaaya randaamathe vyakthiyude ("thuu") anivaaryathakal saadhaaranayaayi ekavachanamaaya moonnaam vyakthiyude soochaka roopangalkku samaanamaan. ennirunnaalum, "thuu" ennathinu savisheshamaaya anivaarya roopangal nilanilkkunna kramarahithamaya kriyakalundu. "voos" ("thuu" ennathinu pakaramaayi) saadhaaranayaayi "thuu" yude athe roopangal edukkunnu (saadhaaranayaayi alpam vyathyasthamaaya oonnalode) ennaal athinu savisheshamaaya roopangalum nilavilundu. "vosotros" (bahuvachanam parichithanaaya randaamathe vyakthi) anivaaryathaykk savisheshamaaya roopangal edukkunnu.
oru imperative oru sarvanaamathe oru vasthuvayi edukkukayaanengil, athu kriyayumaayi cherkkunnu; udaaharanathinu, "daimi" (ennodu parayuka). sarvanaamangal soochippikkunna khandangalil pole adukki vaykkaam
usted" (ekavachana aupachaarika randaam vyakthi), "ustedes" (bahuvachanam randaam vyakthi), "nosotros" (bahuvachanam aadya vyakthi) enniva athath nilavile upavibhaga roopathil ninnu nirbandhangal roopappeduthaam. eee sarvvanaamangalude (athupole "thuu", "voos", "vosotros") negatteevu anivaaryathakalum eee reethiyil roopappedunnu, pakshe "illa" (iii.jii. "kaantukalilla", "paadaruthu").
porchugees.
porchugeesil, ekavachanathinum bahuvachanathinum ("thuu"/"voos") anukoolamaaya anivaaryathakal avayude avasana "-s" ozhivaakkiyathin sesham athath ippozhathe soochaka samyojanangalil ninnu uruthirinjathaanu. maruvashathu, avayude negatteevu anivaaryathakal athath subjunctive roopangal, athupole thanne chikitsa sarvanaamangal ("voos (kall)"), bahuvachanam aadya vyakthi ("nose") ennivaykkulla sthireekaranavum nishedhaathmakavumaaya anivaaryathakal ennivayaal roopappedunnu.
oru kriya oru sarvanaamam edukkukayaanengil, athu kriyayumaayi cherkkanam
indic bhashakal.
hindi-urdu.
hindi-urdu (hindusthaani) bhashayil, moola kriyayilekku prathyayangal cherthaanu anivaaryathakal samyojippikkunnath. hindumathathil negatteevu, positteev anivaaryathakal vyathyasthamayi nirmikkappettilla. negatteevu anivaaryathakal roopappeduthaan moonnu nishedhangalundu. awar
palappozhum anivaaryathakalude swaram mriduvaakkaan, negatteevu anivaaryathakal roopappeduthaan subjunctive, indicative negatteevu enniva upayogikkunnu. moonnaamathe vyakthikkum aupachaarikamaaya randaamathe vyakthikkum parokshamaaya aajnjakal nalkunnathinu subjunctiveukal upayogichu nirbandhangal roopappeduthaanum kazhiyum. hindi-urduvinte oru savisheshatha, athinu varthamaanakaalavum bhavikaalavum enna rund kaalangalil anivaaryathakalund ennathaanu. varthamaanakaala anivaaryatha varthamaanakaalathum bhaaviyilum anivaaryatha bhaaviyilum adikaaram nalkunnu. hindi-urdu vyaakarana vashangale vyakthamaayi adayaalappeduthunnu, eathu kriayum lalithavum pathivum paripoornnavum purogamanaparavumaaya vashangalil ulppeduthaam. oro vashatheyum anchu vyathyastha vyaakarana manobhavangalaayi samyojippikkaan kazhiyum, anivaryamaaya maanasikavastha athilonnaanu. chuvadeyulla pattikayil, 'karna' karna (cheyyendathu) enna kriya naalu veekshana roopangaludeyum anivaarya maanasikaavasthayumaayi samyojippichirikkunnu.
samskritham.
samskrithathil, lottu lacker ("lottu lakara") enna kriyayodoppam anivaryamaaya maanasikavastha roopappeduthunnu. negatteevu roopappeduthunnathinu, n ("naa") allengil ma ("maa") (kriya yathaakramam nishkriyamo sajeevamo aaya shabdathilaayirikkumbol) anivaryamaaya maanasikaavasthayil kriyaykk munnil sthaapikkunnu.
bangali.
-ayoo" fusional suffix upayogichu bhaviyil roopeekaricha anivaaryathaykk sesham staanderd aadhunika bangali negatteevu postposition/naa/upayogikkunnu (koodaathe, kriyayude verile umloutt swaraakshara mattangal sambhavikkam).
mattu intho-europian bhashakal.
greak.
purathana greekkil sajeeva madhyavum nishkriyavumaaya shabdangalkku varthamaanakaala, oorist, thikanja kaalangal ennivaykku anivaryamaaya roopangalundu. eee kaalangalkkullil, randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum vyakthikalkk, ekavachanam, eratta, bahuvachanam vishayangalkk roopangal nilavilundu. ayoristtile negatteevu impertettukalkkaayi myoonas ulla subjunctive roopangal upayogikkunnu.
ippozhathe sajeevamaaya anivaaryatha 2nd esji. λειπε, 3rd sg. leypatt, 2nd pla. leypettu, 3rd pla. oru layanamaan.
purathana greekkil, pothuvaaya kramam (dairkhyam allengil aavarthanam enna aashayathode) oorist anivaaryatha upayogichu varthamaanakaala anivaaryathayum samayanishtayum (dairkhyamo aavarthanamo enna aashayamillathe) upayogichu prakadippikkunnu.
russian.
russian bhaashayile commanding roopam varthamaanakaalathinte aditharayil ninnaan roopappedunnathu. randaamathe vyakthiyude ekavachanam allengil bahuvachanam ennivayude ettavum saadhaaranamaaya roopam. anivaarya maanasikaavasthayil randaamathe vyakthiyude ekavachanathinte roopam inipparayunna reethiyil roopappedunnu
airish.
irishinu moonnu vyakthikalilum rund samkhyakalilum anivaarya roopangalundu, ennirunnaalum aadya vyakthi ekavachanam saadhaaranayaayi negatteevilaan kaanappedunnath (udha.jii. "" "njaan athu veendum kelkkaruth" ")".
indo-europian ithara bhashakal.
finnish.
finnishil, oru aadya vyakthi bahuvachanam anivaaryamaayi roopappeduthunnathinu rund vazhikalundu. oru saadhaarana pathipp nilavilundenkilum ithu saadhaaranayaayi almaratta kaalathaal pakaram vaykkunnu. udaaharanathinu, "mennah" (pookuvaan) ennathil ninnu, anivaryamaaya "namukk pookaam" ennathu "mencamme" (staanderd phoom) allengil "mennan" (samsaarabhasha) ennivayaal prakadippikkaam.
randaamathethinu roopangalum nilavilundu (paaduka. "mene", plure. "menca"), moonnaamathethu (paaduka. "mencon", plar. "mencott") vyakthi. aadya vyakthikk maathram ekavachanathinu oru anivaryathayilla.
ebraayan.
classical heebruvil, positteev imperiteevinu oru roopamundu. ithu ekavachanathinum bahuvachanathinum pullingatthinum sthreelingathinum randaam vyakthikk nilanilkkunnu. anivaryamaaya samyojanangal bhaaviyile shaamangal pole kaanapedunnu. ennirunnaalum, aadhunika heebruvil, bhavikaalam palappozhum samsaarabhashayil athinte sthaanathu upayogikkunnu, sariyaaya anivaarya roopam aupachaarikamo uyarnna rajisttaro aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
aaa bhaashakalile negatteevu anivaaryatha kooduthal sankeernamaanu. udaaharanathinu, aadhunika hebroovil, athil "illa" enna vaakkinte paryaayapadamundu, athu negatteevu imperativil (αl) maathram upayogikkunnu, thudarnnu future tense varunnu.
japanese.
thaazhe kaanichirikkunnathupole japanese prathyeka kriya roopangal upayogikkunnu. kaaku" ("ezhuthuka") enna kriyaykka
(-nassai), (-kudasai) ennee prathyayangalum kaanuka.
corian.
koriyaykku aarr thalatthilulla bahumaanamund, avaykkellaam athintethaaya anivaryamaaya avasaanangalund. aanta", "malda" ennee sahaaya kriyakal yathaakramam negatteevu indicative, nirodhanathinaayi upayogikkunnu. gadhaa" (pookuka ') enna kriyaykka
manderine.
staanderd chainees soochakavum nirodhithavumaya maanasikaavasthakalkku nishedhathinte vyathyastha vaakkukal upayogikkunnu. suvo" ("cheyyuka") enna kriyaykka
turkey.
anivaarya roopathinu, randaam vyakthi ekavachanamaaya turkish "-meck"/"-mack" enna ananthamaaya avasaanamillathe nagna kriya stem upayogikkunnu. mattu anivaarya roopangal vividha prathyayangal upayogikkunnu. aupachaarikatha prakadippikkaanum upayogikkaavunna randaam vyakthi bahuvachanam (tii-vii vyathyasam kaanuka), "-in/- ın/- ün/- un" enna prathyayam upayogikkunnu. suuppar aupachaarika sandarbhangalkkaayi (saadhaaranayaayi pothu ariyippukal) neekkivachirikkunna randaamathe vyakthi eratta-bahuvachanam, "-iniz/- ınız/- unüz/- unuz" enna suffix upayogikkunnu. moonnaam vyakthi ekavachanam "-sin/- sin/- sün/- sun/- sun" upayogikkunnu. moonnaam vyakthi bahuvachanam "-synler/- sanlar/- sanlar/- sanlar" upayogikkunnu (turkish bhashayil moonnaam vyakthi eratta-bahuvachanam illa). aadya vyakthi sarvanaamangalkk anivaarya roopangalilla. swaraakshara samanvayathinte niyamangalkkanusarichu ellah turkish imperative suffixukalum stem enna kriaye aashrayich maarunnu. isemec" enna kriyaykk (kudikkaan, sigaratt valikkaan allengil samanamaaya):
turkish bhashaykkum oru prathyeka optetteevu maanasikaavasthayundu. aadya-vyakthi sarvanaamangalkkulla (ekavachanam "iseeyam", (eratta-) bahuvachanam "icealum") optetteevu maanasikaavasthayude samyojanangal chilappol aadya-vyakthi anivaaryathakalaanennu thettayi parayum. randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum vyakthikalude sarvanaamangalkkulla optetteevu maanasikaavasthayude samyojanangal nilavilundu (second-pezhsan singular "icessin", second-pezhsan (double-) bahuvachanam "icessinis", therd-pezhsan singular "aise", therd-pezhsan plular "iselar"), ennaal praayogikamaayi apoorvvamaayi maathrame avaa upayogikkaarulloo.
negatteevu imperative roopangal athe reethiyil nirmmikkappedunnu, pakshe oru nishedikkappetta kriaye adisthaanamaayi upayogikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, "isememech" (kudikkaathirikkuka) ennathinte randaamathe ekopaka anivaaryatha "aiseme" (kudikkaruth) aanu. mattu turkey bhashakal turkish bhaashaykk samaanamaayi anivaarya roopangal nirmmikkunnu.

