
inhaler

oru vyakthiyude shwasana pravartthanatthiloode shwaasakoshathilekku marunnukal ethikkaan upayogikkunna oru medical upakaranamaan inhaler (puffer, pump allengil allergy spray ennum ariyappedunnu). ithu marunnukal shwaasakoshathilekku athikkaanum agiranam cheyyaanum anuvadikkunnu, ithu shareerathinte eee prathyeka pradeshathekku targettucheytha medical chikilsaykkulla kazhivum vaayile marunnukalude paarshwafalangal kuraykkaanum sahayikkunnu. vaividhyamaarnna inhalerukalundu, asthmayum chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (sii. oo. pii. dii) ettavum sradheyamaaya niravadhi medical avasthakal chikilsikkaan avaa saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu.
meter-doses inhalerukal, dry poudar inhalerukal, sophtt mistt inhalerukal, nebulizerukal enniva chila saadhaarana tharam inhalerukalil ulppedunnu. oro upakaranathinum gunangalum doshangalumundu, koodaathe vyakthigathamayi rogiyude prathyeka aavasyangal, praayam, rogalakshanangal, ekopanam, shwaasakoshathinte pravartthanam ennivayude adisthaanathil thiranjedukkaam. shwasikkunna marunnukal shwaasakoshathil sariyaaya phalangal srishtikkunnuvennu urappakkaan inhaler upayogathekkurichulla sariyaaya vidyaabhyaasam pradhaanamaan.
medical upayogangal.
oru vyakthiyude swantham shwasanathiloode shwaasakoshathilekku nerittu marunnu athikkunnathinaanu inhalerukal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. rogathinte pradeshangalilekku nerittu marunnukal nalkunnathiloodeyum marunnukalkk athinte lakshyathil kooduthal swaadheenam cheluthaan anuvadikkunnathiloodeyum praadeshikamaayi nalkumbol marunnukalude paarshwafalangal parimithappeduthunnathilum ithu oru rogikk gunam cheyyum. shwaasakoshathinteyum shwasanavyavasthayudeyum rogangal ettavum saadhaaranamaayathinaal vividha medical avasthakalil inhalerukal upayogikkunnu. eee rogangal/avasthakalulla vyakthikalkk eluppathilum sukhakaravumaaya shwasanam anuvadikkunnathinu shwaasanaalathile veekkavum thadassavum kuraykkunnathinu roopakalppana cheytha marunnukal aavasyamaanu. shwaasakoshathinullile anubaadhayude pradeshangalilekku nerittu vitharanam cheyyaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi inhalerukalkkaayi antibiotic marunnukal polum vikasippichittund. inhaler therapy urappunalkunna ettavum saadhaaranamaaya rund avasthakal asthmayum vittumaaraatha shwaasakosha sambandhamaaya rogavumaanu.
aasthma.
shwaasakoshathile koshajwalana prakriyakal moolam idaykkide shwaasanaalangal thadassappedunna avasthayaanu aasthma. shwaasakosharogam samippikkaanum shwaasanaalathile thadassangal laghookarikkaanum shwasikkunna marunnukal upayogikkunnu. aasthmayude chikilsaykkaayi upayogikkunna saadhaarana shwasikkunna marunnukal salbutamol, corticosteroidukal, salmettol thudangiya broncodylaterukalaanu. eee marunnukal rogikalkku shwaasanaala thadassa lakshanangalil ninnu aashvaasam nedaanum veekkam kuraykkaanum anuvadikkunnu. chila aalukalkk inhalerukal upayogikkaan kazhiyunnillengil, noonn-stiroyidal aanti-inflammatory marunnukal (enn. ezz. eiii. aii. dii. ezz) upayogikkaam, pakshe avaa enn. ezz. eiii. aii. dii. kalkk rogaprathirodha hypersensitivity undaakkiyekkaamennathil jaagrathayode, brongospasm, acute aasthma vardhanavu, kadutha aasthma rogaavastha thudangiya shwaasakosha sambandhamaaya lakshanangalkk kaaranamakum.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (sii. oo. pii. dii).
shwaasakoshathinte shwaasanaalangalkku deerghakaala kedupaadukal undakunnathinaal undaakunna oru shwaasakosha rogamaanu sii. oo. pii. dii. deerghakaala kedupaadukal vaayumaargangal shariyaayi thurakkaan kazhiyaathathilekku nayikkukayum ithu vayumarga thadassathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. shwasikkunna marunnukal rogikale lakshanangalil mechappeduthalum dainamdina jeevithathinte mechappetta pravartthanavum kaanaan anuvadikkunnu. ipraatroriyam, salmettol, corticosteroidukal ennivayaanu sii. oo. pii. dii. ulla rogikalil saadhaaranayaayi shwasikkunna chila marunnukal.
tharangal.
meter-doses inhaler (emm. dii. aii).
mettal kaanisttar, plaastik aakyuvettar, metering valve enningane 3 staanderd gadakangal chernna pressurised metered-doses inhaleraanu (emm. dii. aii) ettavum saadhaaranamaaya inhaler. marunnu saadhaaranayaayi oru propellant allengil suspension adangiya oru pressurised kanisttarile laayaniyil sookshikkunnu. emm. dii. aii. kanasttar oru plaastik, kaikondu pravartthikkunna aakyuvettaril gadippichirikkunnu. sajeevamaakumbol, metered-doses inhaler oru nischitha alavil marunnu aerosol roopathil acuvatoriloodeyum rogiyude shwaasakoshathilekkum purathuvidunnu. marunnu phalapradamaakunnathinu oru vyakthi shwasikkunna athe samayatho athinadutho marunnu discharge cheyyendathinaal eee upakaranagalkk kaaryamaaya ekopanam aavasyamaanu.
dry poudar inhaler (dpi).
dry poudar inhalerukal oru dpi upakaranathiloode shwasikkunna podi marunninte meter cheythatho upakaranam alakkunnatho aaya alavu purathuvidunnu. eee upakaranathil saadhaaranayaayi oro dosinum munbu podi marunnu nikshepikkunna oru arra adangiyirikkunnu. thudarnnu pettennu shwaasam ullilekku edukkaam. propellant/suspension upayogikkaathe shwaasakoshathilekku marunnu ethikkaan ithu anuvadikkunnu.
sophtt mistt inhaler (smi).
sophtt mistt inhalerukal propellant/suspension aavasyamillaathe marunnu adangiya oru neriya moodalmanju purathuvidunnu. oru button amarthumbol, inhaler marunninte oru moodalmanju srishtikkukayum shwaasakoshathilekku shwasikkaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu. smiss ekadesham 1.2 second shwasikkunna marunnukal nirtthivaykkunnu, ithu sharashari emm. dii. aii inhaler suspension kaalayalavinekkaal kooduthalaanu. ithu upayogikkumbol kuranja ekopanam aavasyamaanu, koodaathe emm. dii. aii inhalerukal upayogikkaan budhimuttulla yuva rogikalkko rogikalkko ithu sahaayakamaayekkaam.
nebulizer.
oru mouthu pease allengil pheys mask vazhi onniladhikam shwaasangaliloode deerghakaalathekku marunnukal athikkunnathinaanu nebulizerukal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. aerosolised marunnukal upayogichu avaa thudarchayaaya moodalmanju srishtikkukayum oru rogiye saadhaarana shwasikkaanum marunnukal sweekarikkaanum anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu. shwasikkunna marunnukal aavasyamulla sisukkalkkum pinchukunjungalkkum allengil shwasikkunna marunnukal aavasyamulla aashupathriyile rogikalkkum avaa saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu.
smart inhaler.
divasathinte samayam, vaayuvinte gunanilavaaram, upakaranathile sensor saankethikavidyayiloode ethra thavana upayogichu ennathulppedeyulla vivarangal upayogichu oru aaplikkeshan svayameva update cheiyunna oru inhaleraanu smart-inhaler. aadyathe smart-inhalerinu 2019 ll fda amgeekaaram nalki, athinte uddeshyam upakaranathinte rogi upayogavum dosinte falaprapthy badhikkunna mattu chila saahacharya gadakangalum tracucheiyuka ennathaanu. eee vivarangal oru mobail upakarana aappilekk blutooth vazhi ayaykkukayum pinneedu asthmayum mattu prashnangalum undaakkunna tharatthilulla karyangal nirnnayikkaan avarude doktarumaayi pankidukayum cheiyunnu. aasthmayumaayi bandhapetta medical chelavukal kuraykkunnathinum kuranja adiyanthira saahacharyangalil rogikale avarude avastha nannayi kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum eee saankethikavidya oru mikacha maarggam avatharippikkunnu.
fda amgeekaricha aadyathe smart inhelaraayirunnu tewa proo eyar digihaller. aasthmaykk sariyaaya alavil marunnu upayogikkunnathinu rogikale sahayikkunnathil eee upakaranam ethratholam phalapradamaanennu ithu kaanikkunnu. europian respiratory jenal prasidheekaricha oru padanatthil, rogikal avarude inhalerukal upayogikkumbozhum upakaranam upayogichu 370 rogikalude pareekshanatthil avar phalapradamaayi doses nalkunnundo ennum proo eyar digihaller krithyamaayi thiricharinju. aasthmaykkum mattu shwaasakosha avasthakalkkumulla tracking, marunnu maanejmentine sahayikkunna aaplikkeshanukalum upakaranangalum sambandhicha saankethikavidyayekkurikulla oru avalokanam eee patanam nalkunnu. smart inhalerukal rogikal nalkunna ellah dosukalum avarude saankethikavidya upayogichu krithyamaayi rekhappeduthunnuvennu mattoru patanam kaanikkunnu, ithu rogikalkkum avarude doctormark krithyamaaya dosage vivarangal nalkunnathil avarude praadhaanyatthe soochippikkunnu.
proppallantukal.
2009ll chlorofluorocarbonukal (cfc) proppallantukalaayi upayogikkunna inhalerukalude upayogam fda nirodhichu. avaykku pakaram inhalerukal ippol hydrofluoroalkeyn (echu. eph. eiii) upayogikkunnu. harithagriha vaathakamaayathinaal echu. eph. eiii paristhithi nishkriyamallengilum ithu oosoon paaliye baadikkunnilla. asthmayum advecasy grouppukalum ulla chila aalukal echfa inhalerukal athra phalapradamallennu vaadikkumbol, prasidheekaricha klinikkal padanangal soochippikkunnathu aasthma niyanthrikkunnathil cfc, echfa inhalerukal thulyamaayi phalapradamaanennu soochippikkunnu.
oosoon paaliyil inhalerukalil ninnulla sii. eph. sikalude swaadheenam valare kuravaayirunnuvenkilum (sii. eph. sii. kall upayogikkunna vyaavasaayika prakriyakalaal kullanaayath), montriyal protocolinte vyaakhyaanathil eph. dii. eiii proppallantukalile switch nirbandhamaakki. pothuvaaya cfc inhalerukal labhyamaayirunnappol pothuvaaya pathippukal illaathathinaal echfa inhalerukalude uyarnna vilayekkurichu rogikal aashanka prakadippichu.
sariyaaya upayogam.
svayam allengil mattullavarkk inhalerukal nalkumbol sariyaaya saankethikavidya upayogikkendathu pradhaanamaan. inhalerukalude anuchithamaya upayogam valare saadhaaranamaanu, ithu marunninte aavasyamulla phalam srishtikkaan kazhiyaathathum dosham varuthunnathumaya vaayilekko thondayilekko vitharanathilekku nayichekkaam. marunnukal vitharanam cheiyunnathinaayi inhalerukalude sariyaaya upayogathekkurichulla vidyaabhyaasam medical padanangalil saadhaaranayaayi udharikkappedunna oru vishayamaan, koodaathe inhalerukal phalapradamaayi upayogikkaan aalukale engane sahaayikkaamenn valareyadhikam chinthichittundu. oro vyathyastha tharam inhalerinum sariyaaya inhaler saankethikavidyayude vivaranavum tekst enthaanu parayunnathennu vishadeekarikkunna sahayakaramaaya veediyoyum chuvadeyundu.
meter doses inhalerukal.
1. mouthu pease neekkam cheyyukayum inhaler 5-10 secondukal elakkukayum cheiyunnu
2. inhaleril thaazhe mouthu pease mukalil kannipalakayum gadippichirikkunnu. marunnu vitharanam cheyyaan anuvadikkunnathinu oru viral kanasttaril vaykkunnu.
3. poornnamaayi shwaasam puranthalliyaal, vaaya mouthu peesinu mukalil vaykkunnu.
4. shwaasam ullilekku edukkaan thudangumbol, marunnu shwaasakoshathilekku vidunnathinaayi kanasttar amarthunnu.
5. mandagathiyilulla aazhathilulla shwaasam thudarukayum shwaasam <aii. dii. 1> secondukal pidichunirtthukayum cheiyunnu, ithu marunnu shwaasakoshathil sookshikkukayum marunninte aerosolised roopathil ninnu rakshappedaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu.
6. poornnamaaya shwaasam veendum puranthallunnu. onniladhikam puffs marunnukal edukkendathundengil, 15-30 second kaathirunnathinu sesham 1 muthal 5 vareyulla gattangal aavarthikkunnu.
7. mouthu pease maatti.
spacerumaayi.
spacerinte attathu vaaya sookshikkumbol meter doses inhalerinte mouthu peasil spacer sthaapikkunnu. shwaasakoshathilekku marunnu ethikkaan thayyarayirikkaan aazhathilulla shwaasam edukkukayum thudarnnu kanni amarthukayum cheiyunnu. ithu inhaler aaktiveshan upayogichu shwasanathinte ekopanathinte aavasyakatha kuraykkunnu.
dry poudar inhalerukal.
1. inhaler medisin chamber thayyaaraakkiyittund (inhalerinte tharatthe adisthaanamaakki ithu vyathyasthamayirikkum, ennaal marunnu upayogichu chamber thayyarakkukayum thurakkukayum cheiyunnathu ulppedum)
2. chamber rogiye choondikkaanichukondu inhaler pidikkukayum avarude thala inhaleril ninnu thirichu poornnamaayi shwaasam vidukayum cheiyunnu.
3. vaaya araykku mukalilaayi vaykkukayum shwaasakoshathil marunnu vitharanam cheyyaan anuvadikkunna vegathilullathum aazhathilullathumaya shwaasam edukkukayum cheiyunnu.
4. 5-10 secondukal shwaasam pidikkukayum thudarnnu pathukke shwaasam puranthallukayum cheiyunnu.
5. kurachu minitt kaathirunna sesham, mattoru doses aavashyamenkil 1 muthal 4 vareyulla gattangal aavarthikkunnu.
mriduvaaya manju inhalerukal.
1. vediyundakal looad cheyth oru nalla moodalmanju drishyamaakunnathuvare inhaler discharge cheythaanu inhaler praadhamikamaakkunnathu.
2. poornnamaayi shwasichukazhinjaal, mouthu peesinu chuttum mouthu peesinu chuttum cheria dwaarangalkkaayi idam nalkunnu.
3. marunnu puratthirakkaan oresamayam button amarthumbol pathukke shwasikkunnu.
4. 5-10 secondukal shwaasam pidichunirtthunnu.
5. kurachu minitt kaathirunna sesham mattoru marunnu doses aavashyamaanenkil pathukke shwaasam puranthallukayum gattangal 1-4 aavarthikkukayum cheiyunnu.
inhaler ellah divasavum upayogikkukayaanenkil, saadhaaranayaayi oru puthiya vediyunda upayogichu inhaler aadyamaayi primer cheyyendathundu, ennaal onniladhikam divasangalaayi ithu upayogichillengil athu veendum primer cheyyendathundu.
upayogathinu sesham.
shwasikkunna corticosteroidukal upayogikkukayaanenkil, inhaler upayogichathinu sesham nerittu vaaya kazhukuka. ithu anubadha thadayaan sahayikkunnu.
nebulizer.
1. mouthu peesinu mukaliloo mookkinum vaayaykkum mukaliloo mukhammoodikal vaykkukayo cheyyuka.
2. nebulizer mesheen oonaakki.
3. saadhaarana shwasanam <aii. dii. 1> minittinuvendiyaanu (allengil chikilsaykkaayi anuvadicha samayam).
4. mesheen oof cheyyukayum pheys mask/mouthu pease neekkam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
vilayum labhyathayum.
amerikkayil, farmaceutical nirmmathaakkal inhalerinte vila krithrimamaayi uyarthi nirthaan niyamaparavum niyantranaparavumaaya thanthrangal upayogikkunnu. pathittaandukalaayi inhaler saankethikavidyayil cheria naveekaranangal undaayittund, aasthma allengil sii. oo. pii. dii chikilsikkunnathinaayi fda amgeekaricha ettavum puthiya marunnu 1986 ll ipraatropiyam bromide aayirunnu. athinusesham, nirmmathaakkal marunnu vitharanam cheiyunna samvidaanangalil cheria mattangal upayogichu, allengil pettantukal sajeevamaayi nilanirthaan sajeevamaaya cheruvakal oru inhaler upakaranathil ninnu mattonnilekku ("device hoopp" ennariyappedunna oru thanthram) maatti. ithu malsaram parimithappedutthukayum inhalerukal chelaveriyathaakkukayum cheiyunnu. uyarnna vila kaaranam, rogikal chilappol dosukal ozhivaakkukayo inhalerukal upayogikkunnathu upekshikkukayo cheiyunnu.
charithram.
sugandha, aushadha neeravi upayogam ulppedunna purathana parambaraagatha chikilsakale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu shwaasakoshathilekku nerittu marunnu athikkuka enna ashayam. puka undakkaan kathikkunnathino choodaakkunnathino upayogikkunna upakaranathinappuram prathyeka upakaranangalonnum ithil ulppettirunnilla. aadyakaala shwasana upakaranagalil 1778-ll joonn mudge vikasippichedutha onnu ulppedunnu. ithinu oru dwaramullah oru puter mug undaayirunnu, ithu oru vazhakkamulla tube attaachment anuvadikkunnu. karupp upayogichu chumayude chikilsaykkaayi mudge ithu upayogichu. wolf, mccansey (1872) ennivayude parishkkaranangaliloodeyum 1866-ll baijal polulla mikacha vaaya attaachmentukaliloode eee upakaranangal vikasichu. eee aadyakaala inhalerukalil palathinum sajeevamaaya raasa gadakathe baashpeekarikkaan choodu aavasyamaanu. nirbandhitha kaalaharanathinteyum aasthma chikilsikkaanulla prachodanatthinteyum gunangal jeey. ezz. 1865-ll monal. inhalerukalil upayogikkunna raasavasthukkalil amonia, chlorin, iodine, taar, baalsam, turpentine karppooram ennivayum mattu niravadhi raasavasthukkalum samyojippichirikkunnu. 1890ll juuliyas moundu blair newyorkkil oru vyathiyaanam upayogichu.
1968-ll, abot laborattarikalile roobert vexler analjaisar vikasippichu, ithu dispossible inhaleraanu, ithu vedanasamhaarikalkkaayi vaayuvil methoxifluoran neeravi svayam niyantrikkaan anuvadichu. 5 inch neelavum 1 inch vyaasavumulla oru polyethileen silindarum 1 inch neelamulla mouthu pease adangunnathaanu analjaisar. 15 millie littar methoxifluoran adangiya polypropylene feeldinte oru uruttiya wick upakaranathil undaayirunnu.
analjaisarinte laalithyavum methoxifluoraininte aushadha savisheshathakalum kaaranam, rogikalkku marunnu svayam nalkunnathum kurachu minitt muthal niravadhi manikorukal vare neendunilkkunna oru kaalayalavil aavashyamaaya reethiyil paripalikkaanum krameekarikkaanum kazhiyunna bodhapoorvamaaya vedanasamhaarikal vegathil kaivarikkunnathum eluppamaayirunnu. methoxifluoreynint 15 millilittar vitharanam saadhaaranayaayi rund muthal moonnu manikkoor vare neendunilkkum, eee samayat upayokthaavin palappozhum vedanayude bodham bhaagikamaayi anubhavapedum; aavashyamenkil upakaranam veendum niraykkaam.
prasava samayat obstetrik rogikalkkum asthi odivukalum sandhikalude sthaanachalanavum ulla rogikalkkum pollaletta rogikalkku vasthradhaarana mattangalkkum surakshithavum phalapradavum lalithavumaanennu kandethi. laber analjeeshyaykk upayogikkumbol, analjaisar prasavathe saadhaaranagathiyil purogamikkaan anuvadikkunnu, koodaathe upger skorukalil prathyakshamaaya prathikoola phalangalonnumilla. obstetrik rogikal, navajaathasisukkal, parikketta rogikal ennivaril ellah supradhana lakshanangalum saadhaarana nilayilaanu. 1970 kalude arambham vare vedanasamhaarikalkkum mayakkathinum analjaisar vyaapakamaayi upayogichirunnu, innathe rogi niyantritha vedanasamhaarikal infusion pambukalkku munkootty kaanichutharunna reethiyil. 1974ll analjaisar inhaler pinvalichenkilum australiyayilum nyoosilandilum pentrox inhalerinte roopathil mayakkavum vedanasamhaarikayum aayi methoxifluorane upayogikkunnathu thudarunnu.

