
ernst sermelo

ganithashaasthrathinte aditharayil valia prathyaaghaathangal srishtikkunna oru jarmman yukthivaadiyum ganithashaasthranjanumaayirunu ernst friedrich ferdinand sermelo (,; 27 juulai 187121 meyy 1953). sermelo-frenkel svayamsidha settu sidhaantham vikasippikkunnathil vahicha pankinum nannayi krameekarikkunna sidhaanthathinte thelivinum addeham ariyappedunnu. koodaathe, chess kalikkaare rank cheiyunnathinekkurichu addehathinte 1929 leeii pravartthanangal eee reethi upayogikkunna vividha prayoga mekhalakalil aazhathilulla swaadheenam cheluthunna jody thirichulla thaarathamyathinulla oru maathrkayude aadya vivaranamaan.
jeevitam.
1889-ll berlinte lucenstadisches jimneshyathil (ippol) ninnu birudam nediya ernst sermelo pinneedu berlin sarvakalaashaalayilum haale sarvakalaashaalayilum freeberg sarvakalaashaalayilum ganitham, bhauthikashaasthram, thathwachintha enniva padichu. addeham thante doktarettu poortthiyaakkiyathu 1894ll berlin sarvakalashaalayil ninnaan, vyathiyaanangalude kaalkkulasinekkurichula oru prabandhathinu ("andersachungan surr variances rechnung") nalkappettu. sermelo berlin sarvakalashaalayil thudarnnu, avide plaankinte sahayiyaayi niyamikkapettu, avarude maarganirdeshaprakaaram addeham hydrodynamics padikkaan thudangi. 1897-ll sermelo akkaalat lokathile ganithashaasthra gaveshanathinulla pramukha kendramaayirunna gottingan sarvakalashaalayil pooyi, avide addeham 1899-ll thante haabilitteshan theesis poortthiyaakki.
1910-ll sermelo soorich sarvakalaashaalayile ganithashaasthra chairmaanaayi niyamithanaayappol gottingan vittu, athu 1916-ll addeham raajivachu.
1926ll freeberg sarvakalaashaalayile oonarari chairmaanaayi niyamithanaaya addeham adolph hitlarude bharanathe amgeekarichilla ennathinaal 1935ll raajivachu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathilum addehathinte abhyarthana maanichum sermelo freebergile addehathinte oonarari sthaanathekku punasthaapichu.
settu sidhaanthathil gaveshanam.
1900-ll, ganithashaasthranjarude anthaaraashtra kongrasinte paarees konfaransil, david hilbert thante prashasthamaaya hilbertinte prasnangal upayogichu ganithashaasthra samoohathe velluvilichu, varum noottaandil ganithashaasthranjar aakramikkenda 23 pariharikkappedaatha adisthaana chodyangalude pattika. ivayil aadyathethu, settu sidhaanthathinte oru prasnamaanu, 1878 ll kaantor avatharippicha thudarchayaaya sidhaanthamaayirunnu, athinte prasthavanayil hilbert well-oordaring sidhaantham theliyikkendathinte aavasyakathayum paraamarshichu.
hilbertinte swaadheenathil sermelo settu sidhaanthathinte prasnangalil pravartthikkaan thudangukayum 1902-ll traansphinait kardinaalmaare cherkkunnathinekkurichu thante aadya kruthi prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. appozhekkum addeham russell paradox ennu vilikkappedunnathum kandethi. 1904-ll, hilbert nirddeshicha aadya chuvaduveppu thudarchayaaya sidhaanthathilekku edukkunnathil addeham vijayichu, addeham well-oordaring sidhaantham ("oro settum nannayi krameekarikkaan kazhiyum") theliyichu. eee phalam 1905-ll gottinjenil professoraayi niyamithanaaya sermeloic prashasthi nedikkodutthu. powerset svayamsidhaanthatheyum thiranjeduppinte svayamsidhaanthatheyum adisthaanamaakkiyulla nannayi krameekarikkunna sidhaanthathinte thelivu ellah ganithashaasthranjarum amgeekarichilla, kaaranam thiranjeduppinte svayamsidhaantham nirmmaanaathmakamallaatha ganithashaasthrathinte oru maathrkayaayirunnu. 1908-ll, oru settinte "cheyin" enna didekindinte ashayam upayogichu mechappetta thelivu nirmikkunnathil sermelo vijayichu, athu kooduthal vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappettu; ithu pradhaanamaayum athe varsham addeham settu sidhaanthathinte svayamsidheekaranavum vaagdaanam cheythathukondaanu.
1905-ll sermelo settu sidhaanthathe svayamsidhamaakkaan thudangi; 1908-ll, thante svayamsidha samvidaanathinte sthiratha theliyikkunnathil paraajayappettenkilum addeham thante phalangal prasidheekarichu. eee prabandhatthinte rooparekhaykkaayi, yadhaartha sidhaanthangalkkoppam, yadhaartha samkhyayodoppam sermelo settu sidhaanthathekkurichulla lekhanam kaanuka.
1922-ll ebraham frenkel thoralf scholem swathanthramaayi sermeloyude svayamsidhatha samvidaanam mechappeduthi. thathfalamaayundaakunna 8 svayamsidhamaaya vyavastha, ippol sermelo-frenkel svayamsidhathakal (zf) ennu vilikkappedunnu, ithu ippol svayamsidhamaaya settu sidhaanthathinu ettavum saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna samvidaanamaanu.
sermeloyude naavigeshan prashnam.
1931ll nirddeshikkappetta sermeloyude naavigeshan prashnam oru classic opttimal niyanthrana prasnamaanu. oru pooyint oyil ninnu oru lakshyasthaanathekku dii vare uthbhavikkunna oru boat oru jalaashayathil sanjarikkunnathaanu prashnam. bottinu oru nischitha paramavadhi vegathaykku kazhivundu, saadhyamaaya ettavum kuranja samayathinullil dii athicherunnathinu saadhyamaaya ettavum mikacha niyanthranam nedaan njangal aagrahikkunnu.
vaidyuthadhaara, kaatt thudangiya baahyashakthikal pariganikkathe, boat ellaayppozhum dii yilek neenguka ennathaanu opttimal niyanthranam. athinte paatha appol oo muthal dii vareyulla oru line segmentaanu, ithu nissaaramaayi opttimalaan. vaidyuthadhaarayum kaattum kanakkiledukkumbol, boatil prayogikkunna samyojitha shakti poojyamallengil, vaidyuthadhaarayum kaattum illaatha niyanthranam opttimal paatha nalkunnilla.
prasidheekaranangal.
mattullavar cheiyunna pravartthanangal

