
gangakal (1861)

utharenthyayile ganga nadiyude peril ariyappedunna moonnu nozhs line kappalukalil aadyathethaanu ganga.
vilyam koombaaram nirmmichu 1861 juulai 9 nuu vikshepicha 839 tonn bharamullah piking kappalaya gamgayaayirunnu aadyathe nozhs line kappal. gangakal avarude kaalathe oru valia kappalayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, koodaathe bosprittinu thaazhe oru figurehead undaayirunnu, ithu prathyulpaadanakshamathayude pratheekamaaya 'maathruganga' yeei prathinidheekarikkunnu. nadikalude peril ariyappedunna niravadhi nozhs line kappalukalil aadyathethaanu avar. nirmmikkappettathin thottupinnaale, kalkattaykkum australiyaykkum idayil vyapaaram aarambhikkunnathinayi gangakal indiayilekku kappal kayatti, avide jaims nozhs avale sandback, tinne & kambanikku niyamichu, avar panchasaara, kaappi, rumm, molassis ennivayude gathaagathathil earppettirunnu, karar thozhilaallikal.
indian karar thozhilaallikale vestt indeesilekku kondupookunna bisinessilekku nozhs line kadannappol, gangakal trinidadilekku naalu yathrakal nadatthi. aadyathethu, 1872 epril 9 nuu, avar 408 thozhilaallikale kondupoyi, avaril aarr perr yaathraykkide marichu. 1874 meyy 11-nuu nadanna randaamathe yaathrayil anchu maranangalode 383 thozhilaallikale kondupoyi. 1876 februvari 10nuu moonnaamathe yaathrayil moonnu maranangalode 379 yaathrakkaarundaayirunnu. naalaamathethu, 1878 februvari 5 nuu, 14 maranangalode 477 yaathrakkaarumaayi. avar sent luciayilekku oru yaatra nadathukayum 1867-ll madakkayaathrayil 451 thozhilaallikale indiayilekku thirike konduvarikayum cheythu.
britiish gayana cape tounum thammilulla dooram 42 divasathinullil marikadanna oru athivega kappalaayirunnu avar. ennirunnaalum, avale neettiyathum tanej 839 ll ninnu 1161 aayi vardhippichathum avalude vegatha kurachu.
1881 october 14nuu, railway irumbu upayogichu middlesbroyil ninnu kalkkattayilekkulla yaathraamadhye kentil ninnulla goodwin manalil aval thakarkkapettu. moonnu perr apakadatthil marichu.

