
munsi bhasha

munsi (munsi delaver, delaver, ontaariyo delaver ennum ariyappedunnu) aljic bhasha kudumbatthile oru shaakhayaaya algongian bhasha kudumbatthile kizhakkan algongian upavibhaagathile vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna bhaashayaan. rund delaware bhashakalil onnaanu munsi (gothratthinte svayamnaamathinu sesham lenap bhashakal ennum ariyappedunnu). ithu unami deliverumaayi valare adutha bandhamullathaanengilum iva randum vyathyastha bhashakalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnathin mathiyaya vyathyaasamund. padinjaaran long ailand, manhattan ailand, staattan ailand, pradhana bhoopradeshathe sameepa pradeshangal thekkukizhakkan newyork stettu, nyoojezhsiyude vadakkan moonnaamathethu, vadakkukizhakkan pensylvania ennivayulppede amerikkayile aadhunika newyork sitti eriyaykku sameepathaayi munsi thaddesheeyamaayi samsaarichirunnu.
2018 leeii kanakkanusarichu, kaanadayile ontaariyoyile moraaviyandaun reservil 77 umm 90 umm vayassulla rund prayamaaya vyakthikal maathramaan munsi samsaarichirunnath. ithu gurutharamaaya vamshanaashabheeshani srishtichu. vyakthikal samsaarikkunna bhasha oororutharkkum oro vyakthigatha bhaashayund. cheruppakkaarkku eee bhasha padikkaan thaalpparyamund.
vargeekaranam.
munsi oru kizhakkan algonqvian bhaashayaan, ithu algonqvian bhasha kudumbatthinte pothuvaaya poorvvika bhashayaaya proto-algonkviyanil ninnu uthbhavikkunna eaka amgeekritha janithaka upavibhagamaanu. munsikk unami delaaverumaayi valare adutha bandhamund. munsi unamiyum kizhakkan algongyan bhaashakalkkullile oru upavibhagam ulkkollunna delaware bhaashakalaan. mahikkanumaayi chernnu, delaware bhashakal kizhakkan algongian bhaashakalkkullile oru upavibhagamaaya "delaveran" aanu.
delaware jala vidavinu vadakku delaware nadiyude mukaliloode roopappetta oru koottam koottatthinte engleesh peraayi "munsi" enna padam vikasichu. mattu munsi bhashaabhaashakal minising groupil chernnu; 1725 muthal munsiyekkurichu rekhappeduthiyittulla aadya paramarsham. 'dveepil' ennartham varunna oru munsi padamaanu minising, athu transcribe cheyyanam."ippol upayogikkaatha 'ailand' enna vaakkinte locative roopamaanithu (uravidam nalkiyittilla, rekhakalil nalkiyittulla oru roopamalla, oru saadhaarana munsi namam avasanikkunnilla; athaayath. ,; roopam soochippikkunnathu 'cheria dweep'); mattu algongian bhaashakalile kognettukal iii aanu.jii. oojibwe, 'dweep'. minising" enna roopathilulla orthographic aadhunika munsi locative suffix aanu (vyaakarana vibhaagathil chuvade charcha cheythirikkunnu). minisinghil ninnulla vyakthi' enna padatthinte ('minisinghil ninnulla vyakthi') engleesh pathippaanu 'munsi' enna padam.
kaalakramena britishukaar munsi bhasha samsaarikkunna eathoru vyakthiyilekkum "munsi" enna padam vyapippichu. brintan nirddeshichathupole 'kallu' allengil 'parvvatham' ennartham varunna oru vakkil ninnu 'munsi' uruthirinjedukkaanula sramangal thettaanu. munsi" oru thaddesheeya padamallennum minisinghinte engleesh upayogathinte "azhimathi" yill ninnaan ithu undakunnathennum kraafttinte avakaashavaadam thettaanu. munsi padha roopeekaranathinte oru pathiv maathrkayaanu eee padam pinthudarunnathu.
vamsheeyanaamangal.
munsi samsaarikkunnavarkkulla perukal engleeshilum munsiyilum sankeernamaaya reethikalil upayogikkunnu. unami bhasha chilappol "delaware" allengil "delaware proper" aayi kanakkakkunnu, ithu unami samsaarikkunnavarkk delaware enna padatthinte yadhaartha prayogatthe prathifalippikkunnu, ennaal munsi samsarikkunnavar engleeshil svayam-padanaamamaayi "delaware" upayogikkunnu. virjeeniyayile aadya gavarnaraaya loard dii laa vaarinte perilulla delaware nadiyude theerathu thamasikkunna unami samsaarikkunnavarkkaan britiish kolanikkaar delaware enna padam aadyam prayogichathu. ellah deliver grouppukaleyum soochippikkunnathinaayi eee padam kramena vipuleekarichu.
ontaariyoyile munsi chilappol "ontaariyo delaver" allengil "canadian delaver" ennu vilikkunnu. moravian tounile munsi samsaarikkunna nivaasikal ekadesham kizhakk munsi tounile nivaasikale soochippikkaan "munsi" enna engleesh padam upayogikkunnu. engleeshil, moravian taunn nivaasikal svayam "delaware" ennum munsiyil "delaware pezhsan, indian" ennum vilikkunnu.
moravian tounile chila delivermar engleeshil "kristhyan indian" enna padam oru mungananayulla svayam-padanaamamaayi upayogikkunnu. munsi ennathinu thulyamaaya padam ('praarthikkunnayaal, moravian parivartthanam cheiyunnayaal') aanu. munsi samsarikkunnavar oklahoma delaverine engleeshilo munsiyilo "unami" ennaanu vilikkunnathu. lenap" enna engleesh padam unami uthbhavamaan, koodaathe engleeshil unami samsarikkunnavar svayam-padanaamamaayi upayogikkunnu;
pandithanmarkkidayil asaadhaaranamaamvidham, kraaft ellah deliver samsaarikkunna grouppukaleyum soochippikkunnathinu "lenap" enna engleesh bhasha cover padamaayi upayogikkunnu, athesamayam eee upayogam "poornnamaayum uchithamalla" ennu shradhikkunnu.
munsi samsarikkunnavar avarude bhasha aksharaarthatthil 'delaware bhasha samsaarikkunnath' ennaanu vilikkunnathu.
bhoomishaasthraparamaaya vitharanam.
grettar manhattan pradeshathum lover hudson nadeethadatthinte drainejilum upper delaware nadiyilumaayirunnu munsi samsarikkunnavar aadyam thaamasichirunnathu. europian paryavekshakarudeyum vyaapaarikaludeyum kudiyettakkaarudeyum varavu niravadhi noottaandukalude kaalayalavil munsi janathayude purogamanaparamaaya sthaanachalanathinu kaaranamaayi. eee prakriya baadhicha munsi grouppukal aathyanthikamayi avarude janmanaattil ninnu americayileyum canadayileyum communitykalilekku maari.
irupathaam noottaandil, kaanadayil nilaninnirunna munsi samsarikkunnavar aarr rajyangalil thaamasichirunnu, ontaariyo; munsi taunn, ontaariyo; moraaviyandaun reserve. ippol aadyathe rund sthalangalil vamshanasham sambhavicha eee bhasha ontaariyoyile moravian tounile kurachu muthirnnavar maathrame upayogikkunnulloo.
21-aamm noottaandinte arambham muthal, mohikkan thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarude stockbridge-munsi baandile gothraamgangaleyum delaware rajyamaaya moraaviyandaun reservineyum eee bhasha padippichittundu.
yadhaartha sthaanam.
munsi pradeshatthinte thekkan athirthi delaware jala vidavinu vadakkulla pradeshamaayirunnu, thekkukizhakkayi raarittan nadiyude theerathu atlaantik samudram vare. munsiyude thekk bhaagath unami delaware undaayirunnu. vadakku algongian mahikkan kizhakk kizhakk neelamulla dweep janathayum ankwachog ("ankechog" ennum ucharikkappedunnu) polulla algongian bhaashakalum kwirpi polulla thekkan nyoo englandu bhaashakalum samsaarichirunnu. (kwirpiyum ankwaachogum oru bhaashayude oru upabhaashayude thudarchayile amgangalaanu.)
thaddesheeyamaayum, europiarude varavinu sheshamulla oru kaalayalavilum, pradeshathe pradhana nadee samvidaanangalaaya hudson, upper delaware nadikalude drainageinullil sthithi cheiyunna cheruthum pradhaanamaayum svayambharanamullathumaaya praadeshika baandukalude oru parambaraykkullil munsi samsaarichirunnu. kizhakkan algongian pradeshathudaneelam kaanapedunna pothuvaaya maathrkayil, pradhana nadeethadangalude azhukkuchaalukalkidayil thaddesheeya grouppukal thaamasichirunnu, nadiyude mukalilum thaazheyumulla grouppukal thammil vibhajanamundaayirunnu. pradhana poshakanadikalil perulla grouppukal kandethi; avaa pradhana aruvikalil valia saittukalum head vaattarukalilum feeder aruvikalilum cheria kyaambukalum vikasippichu. kanakkukal vyathyasthamaanenkilum eee praadeshika grouppukalil irunooru perr vare janasamkhyayundaakaam. eee grouppukal ippol munsi ennu vilikkappedunna praadeshika bhaashakalude vaividhyangal samsaarikkunnundenkum munsi samsaarikkunna pradeshathinullile bhasha vyathyaasathekkurich valare kurachu vivarangal maathrameyulloo.
hudson nadiyude padinjaaru bhaagath vadakku muthal thekk vare ariyappedunna munsi grouppukal 
upper hudsoninte kizhakk bhaagathaayirunnu wappinger; avaykku thaazhe vadakku ninnu thekk bhaagathekku pookunna hudsoninte kizhakkan theerathu 
europian kudiyettakkaar, romakkachavadakkaar, paryavekshakar ennivarude praveshanam moolamundaaya thadassangal eee praadeshika grouppukalude sthaanachalanathilekku nayichu. avar kramena valia grouppukalaayi ekeekarikkappedukayum munsi samsaarikkunna pradeshathe vividha grouppukalil ninnulla samsaarikkunnavare orumichu konduvarikayum cheythu.
phonology.
munsi phonology sankeernamaanenkilum pala kaaryangalilum pathivaanu. aksharabhara assainmentinte alavukolukal vaakk-thala sammarddam nalkunnathil pradhana punk vahikkunnu, koodaathe sankeernavum ennaal vaakkukalude roopangalil pathivayathumaaya aaltarneshanukal srishtikkunna swaraakshara samanvayathinte niyamangalude roopavum nirnnayikkunnu. vaakk-level stress pradhaanamaayum pravachikkaavunnathaan, ozhivaakkalukal praadhamikamaayi vaipa vaakkukal, erattippicha roopangal, charitraparamaaya maattam charitraparamaayi sutharyamaaya aaltarneshanukale kooduthal athaaryamaakkiya vaakkukal ennivayil sambhavikkunnu.
vyanjanaksharangal.
munsiyil vyanjanaaksharangalude inipparayunna pattikayund; anthaaraashtra phoonetik aksharamaalayude (aii. pii. eiii) moolyangal braakkattukalil nalkiyirikkunnu.
engleeshil ninnulla chila vaipa vaakkukalil 'oru meela nadakkunnu'; 'ente tayar' enniva adangiyirikkunnu.'
svaraaksharangal.
munsi swaraakshara sanbradaayathinte vyathyastha vishakalanangal nirddeshikkappettittund. munsik unamikkum ore swaraakshara sanbradaayamulla oru vishakalanam goddard (1979) avatharippikkunnu, ithu proto-eestten-algongyan swaraakshara sanbradaayathil ninnu maattamillathe (chuvadeyulla "charithram" vibhaagathil charcha cheythirikkunnu). eee vishakalanathil naalu neelamulla svaraaksharangalum rund hraswa svaraaksharangalumundu. swaraaksharathinte neelam uyarthiya oru dott (·) upayogichaanu soochippikkunnathu. ennirunnaalum, aadhunika munsiyil, punarnirmmaanam, vaipa vaakkukal, mattu vividha shabdashaasthraparamaaya mattangal thudangiya srothassukalil ninnu uthbhavikkunna puthiya hraswakaalathinte niravadhi srothassukal undu, avaa mattu adisthaana swaraaksharangalil ninnu uruthirinjedukkaan kazhiyilla. athinaal vairudhyamulla swaraaksharathinte neelavum athupole thanne naalu sthaanangalum ulla oru vishakalanam uchithamaan.
hraswa swaraaksharathinu shabdaparamaaya moolyamundu. hraswatinu munbundaakunna moolyangal kendreekarichu moolyangalundu (ivide 'sii' eathenkilum stopp allengil laattaral vyanjanaaksharathe prathinidheekarikkunnu). hrasvamaaya moolyangal kendreekrithamaanu. neelamulla svaraaksharangalkku praadhamika moolyangalundu, labial vyanjanaaksharangalkk sheshavum athinusheshavum vyathyaasappedunnu.
aksharabharam.
sammarda sthaanam nirnnayikkunnathilum chila hraswa svaraaksharangal illaathaakkunnathilum munsi phonologyil aksharabharam oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu. neelamulla svaraaksharangal adangiyirikkunna ellah aksharangalum "shakthamaan"."adanja aksharatthile eathenkilum hraswa swaraaksharam (i.iii. (sii) vii. sii) shakthamaan. idathuninnu valathottu ennumbol, hraswa svaraaksharangal adangiya rando athiladhikamo thuranna aksharangalude shreniyil, ottasamkhyayulla aksharam "durbalav erattasamkhyayulla aksharam shakthavumaan. koodaathe, hraswa svaraaksharangal adangiyirikkunna chila aksharangal (palappozhum atharam aksharangal eratta aksharangalilum vaayana vaakkukalilum sambhavikkunnu) asaadhaaranamaamvidham shakthamaayathaayi adayaalappeduthanam.
rund aksharangalil kooduthal neelamulla vaakkukalil, avasana aksharathe stress placementinte pariganayil ninnu ozhivaakkunnu, athaayath.iii. ithu alavukolallaathathaanu, koodaathe vaakkile avasana aksharathinu munbulla avasana sakthamaaya aksharathinu pradhana sammarddam labhikkunnu.
dysillabic vaakkukalil sakthamaaya oru avasana aksharathinu praadhamika sammarddam labhikkunnu.
durbalamaaya avasana aksharamulla oru disilabilil, avasana aksharam shakthavum praadhamika sammarddam sweekarikkunnathumaayirikkum.
vyakaranam.
munsiyude vyaakaranathinte savisheshatha sankeernamaaya inflectional, derivative morphology ennivayaanu. samkhya (ekavachanam allengil bahuvachanam), lingabhedam, vyakthi, kaivashappedutthal, nishedham, vyathichalanavum mattum ulppedeyulla vyaakarana vivarangal soochippikkunnathinaayi padatthinte kaandangalil cherkkunna prefixukalum suffixukalum upayogikkunnathiloodeyaanu munsiyile vyathichalanathe thirichariyunnathu.
namangal vyakthikalude prefixukaludeyum suffixukaludeyum samyojanam upayogichu udamasthaavakaasham soochippikkunnu, koodaathe lingam, samkhya, cheria, asaannidhyam, vyathichalikkal enniva soochippikkunnathinu suffixukal upayogikkunnu.
vyakthi, samkhya, nishedham, vyathichalanavum mattullavayude samyojanavum soochippikkunnathinu kriyakal stem pinthudarunna position klaasukalil orotta koottam vyakthi prefixukalum prathyayangalude oru parambarayum upayogikkunnu.
ezhuthu samvidaanam.
munsikk staanderd raitting sisttam illa. parambaraagatha staanderd raitting sisttangalil sthiramaayi prathinidheekarikkaatha shabdangale prathinidheekarikkunnathin bhaashaashaasthranjar anthaaraashtra phoonetik aksharamaalayilo samanamaaya american chinnangalilo kaanapedunna tharatthilulla saadhaarana phoonetik transcription chinnangal upayogikkaan pravanatha kaanikkunnu.
europianmaar avabodhamulla vaakkukalum vaakyangalum ezhuthunnathu europian aksharamalayudeyum anubandha kanvenshanukaludeyum poruthappedutthalukal upayogikkunna pravanatha kaanikkunnu. europianmaar thangalkk parichithamallaattha shabdangalum shabda samyojanangalum record cheyyaan sramichathinaal atharam lipyantharana avatharanagalude gunanilavaaram vyaapakamaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu.
vividha bhasha samrakshana, documentation padhathikalude pashchaathalatthil munsikk oru praayogika aksharavinyasam srishtichittundu. munsiyude sameepakaala dwibhasha nighandu munsikk bhashaaparamaaya transcription samvidaanathil ninnu uruthirinja oru praayogika aksharavinyasam upayogikkunnu. moravian tounil praadeshikamaayi nirmmicha sameepakaala vaakk pusthakatthilum ithe sambradaayam upayogikkunnu. bandhapetta unami bhasha oru prathyeka praayogika aksharavinyasam upayogichaanu ezhuthunnathu.
ezhuthu samvidaanathinte saambilukal.
chuvadeyulla pattika munsi padangalude oru sample avatharippikkunnu, aadyam bhashaaparamaaya transcriptionil ezhuthukayum thudarnnu praayogika samvidaanathil ezhuthappetta athe vaakkukal. swaraaksharathinte neelam soochippikkaan bhashaaparamaaya vyavastha uyarthiya dott (·) upayogikkunnu. sammarddam kooduthalum pravachikkaavunnathaanenkil, bhashaaparamaaya sambradaayam pravachikkaavunna pradhana sammarddathe soochippikkaan theevramaaya uchaaranam upayogikkunnu. athupole, pravachikkaavunna shabdamillaathatho pirupirukkappettatho aaya shabdaprayogam breeve uchaaranam (̃) upayogichu soochippikkunnu. athupole, oru swaramulla vyanjanaaksharathin munbaayi saadhaaranayaayi sambhavikkunna oru ultra-shortine soochippikkaan breeve uchaaranam upayogikkunnu.
praayogika samvidaanam swaraaksharam erattiyaakkikkondu swaraaksharathinte neelam soochippikkunnu, koodaathe sammarddavum shabdamillaatha/ultra-short svaraaksharangalum adayaalappeduthunnathinu linguvistik sisttathinte sanbradaayangal nilanirthunnu. praayogika samvidaanam phoonetik chinnathinum phoonetik chinnathinum orthographic upayogikkunnu.
bhashaaparamaaya vyathiyaanam.
nilavil, munsi bhasha samsaarikkunna ettu thaddeshiyar undu, avarude vyakthiparamaaya bhaashaabhedangal parasparam vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. ettu samsaarikkunnavarum thammilulla bhaashayude vyathyasathekkurichulla vipulamaaya vishadaamshangal naravamshashaasthra bhaashaashaastra vaalyam 52 ll prasidheekaricha "dhii pezhsanal dailaakts oof moraaviyandaun delaware" enna thalakkettil aivas goddard oru prabandhatthil pattikappedutthiyittundu.
phonological vyathiyaanam.
avasaanathinte oopshanal uchaaranam.
-i _ w", "-e _ w", "-a _ w" ennivayil avasaanikkunna namangalum kriyakalum; chila samsarikkunnavar palappozhum "-w" ozhivaakkaarund. eee thulli "shradhaapoorvvam samsaarikkunnathilekku" kondupoyi.
kanikakal yadhaarthathil aandu.
saadhaaranayaayi avasaanathode kelkkunna oru valia vibhaagam kanangalum munvaakkukalum chila prabhaashakarude prasamgatthil yadhaarthamaayathu nilanirtthi.
kriyayude avasaanam yadhaarthathil aandu.
negatteevu suffix allengil subjunctive suffix upayogichu avasaanikkunna vaakkukalkk final enna veriyantukalundaayirunnu.
kanikakal yadhaarthathil.
mattoru valia tharam kanangalum pree-verdukalum pazhaya srothassukalil kaanapedunnu, udha.jii.
mattu lexicalised vyathiyanangal.
thammilulla vyathyasam | eiii. |oppam| eiii. |.
chila vaakkukalkk adisthaanaparamaaya vyathyaasangalund."| eiii. |"oppam"| eiii. |". mattu algonkwin bhashakalil ninnum mattu munsi samoohangalil ninnum muun srothassukalil ninnumulla thelivukal upayogichu eathu svaraaksharamaanu pazhayathennum eathu puthumayaanennum nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum.
hraswavum neelamullathumaaya svaraaksharangal thammilulla vyathyasam.
aadyatheyum moonnu vaakkukalileyum svaraaksharangal hraswavum neelamullathumaaya svaraaksharangal thammilulla vyathyasam kaanikkunnu. eee vaakkukal ivayaanu
 ~-'scoop': ~ 'avan vellam mukkunnu'
 ~ 'chilanthi'
 ~ 'vippoorvil'
 ~ 'aapran'
thammilulla vyathyasam | enn. ezz. |oppam| enn. sii. sii. |..
rund vaakkukal undu "| enn. ezz. |"" "vyathyastha"| enn. sii. sii. |"."tii"
eee vaakkukal 'corncob', 'elderberry' ennivayaanu.
orotta vibhaagathile mattu vyathyaasangal.
oru vibhaagam vyathyaasappedukayo vyathyaasappedukayo cheiyunna niravadhi kesukal nilavilundu.
udaaharanathinu, inn (muthalaayava) upayogichu maattisthaapikkunnu.) ~ (muthalaayava.) 'juunberi'.
vyathyasthamaaya saannidyamulla namangal..
chila namangal avasaanathodoppavum allatheyum kaanapedunnu.
pakshikalude perukal | ell. | ~ | enn. |..
rund pakshikalude perukalil,"| ell. |"" "ennathanusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu"| enn. |".
udaaharanathina 'kingfisher'; 'bluebard'."
kooduthal sankeernamaaya vyathiyaanam.
chila vaakkukalkk kooduthal sankeernamaaya vyathiyaanangalund. udaaharanathina 'table' enna vaakk-yadhaarthamaanu. eee vaakk chilappol athe padatthilekku maattappedunnu, pakshe athu oru padamaayi punarnirmmikkappedunnu.
vyathyasthamaaya vaakkukal.
chila kesukalil vyathyastha padangal allengil paryaayapadangalaayi upayogikkunna "valare vyathyasthamaaya vakabhedangal" ulppedunnu. udaaharanathinu, vyakthiparamaaya bhaashaabhedangalil 'kanpeelikal' ennu parayaan naalu vazhikalundu.
vyathiyaanathinte uthbhavam.
kooduthal vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna vakabhedangal samsaarikkunnavarko bhaashaashaasthranjarkko oru community maanadandam nirvachikkaathathinaal community manadandangalonnumilla. koodaathe, chila vakabhedangal kooduthal janapriyamo sveekaaryamo aayi vilayiruthanaavilla. "oru maanadanda vivaranam polum avaa randum allengil ellaam nalkendathundu".
chila vyathiyanangal baahyamaayi uthbhavikkunnu. munsi samudaayathile chila amgangal munbu samsaarichirunna vadakkan unami bhashayil ninnu chila upayogangal nerittu kandethanakum.
chila vyathiyanangal aantharikamaayi uthbhavikkunnu. eee uchaaranangalum vyaakarana pravanathakalum valare vidooramaaya bhoothakaalathil uyarnnuvannirikkaanu saadhyatha.
charithram.
munsi oru kizhakkan algongian bhaashayaan. kizhakkan algongyan bhashakal uthbhavikkunna saangalppika pothu poorvvika bhasha proto-eestten algongyan (pee) aanu. proto-eestten algongiante pingamiyaaya delaveran enna oru intermediat groupil, mahikkan kooman delawar ulppedunnu, randaamathethu munsi delawar unami delawar ulppedunna oru upavibhagamaanu. oru intermediat subgroup enna nilayil delawarane nyaayeekarikkunnath mahikkan rund delaware bhaashakalum thammilulla uyarnna alavilulla samaanathayilaan, ennaal delaverine pinthunaykkunnathinaayi thaarathamyena vishadamaaya vaadangal nalkiyittilla.
munsi shabdashaasthraparamaayi yaadhaasthithikamaanu, koodaathe payarinte pala shabdashaasthraparamaaya swabhaavasavisheshathakalum nilanirthiyathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. thaarathamyappeduthumbol, morphological regularisationodoppam unami vipulamaaya phonological naveekaranathinu vidheyamaayittundu.
* i·, * o·, * e·, * a·" ennee naalu neelamulla svaraaksharangalum "* a", "Â ennee rund hraswa svaraaksharangalum chernnathaanu pee swaraakshara sambradaayam."swaraakshara charithram iprakaaramaanu" "* i·" "(proto-algongyan (paa" "* i·" "," * i "" muthal pee "" * i· ""), "" * o· "" (paa "" * o· "", "* o" "ennivayude pee layanathil ninnu)," "* e·" "(proto-algongyan" "* e·" ")," "a·" "(proto-algongyan" "* a·" "ll ninnu); hraswa svaraaksharangal" "* Â" "(proto-algongyan" "* e" "ll ninnu)," "a" "(proto-algongyan" "* a" "ll ninnu) ennivayaanu". eee sambradaayam pothuvaaya deliver vare thudarnnu, ennaal munsi unamiyum swaraakshara samvidaanangalumaayi bandhappett vevvere naveekarichu.
munsi uyarnna svaraaksharangalkkum munbhaagathe madhya svaraaksharangalkkum virudha swaraakshara dairkhyam veendum avatharippichittundu. aadhunika munsikk neelavum hraswavum thirichariyendathu aavasyamaanu. udaaharanathinu aksharangalum vaipa vaakkukalum punarnirmmikkunnathil ninnaan hraswakaalathinte noothana udaaharanagal undaakunnath.

