
kadal kudilukal

valia vyapara kappalukalil thaalaathmaka advaanathodoppam oru varkk gaanamaayi orikkal saadhaaranayaayi aalapichirunna parambaraagatha naadodi gaanatthinte oru vibhagamaanu zee shandy, chaanti allengil chaanti (). shanti" enna padam ettavum krithyamaayi eee charitraparamaaya shekharathil ulppedunna oru prathyeka shailiyilulla kruthigaanathe soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, sameepakaalathe janapriya upayogathil, athinte nirvachanatthinte vyaapthi chilappol vishalamaaya shekharavum savisheshathakalum amgeekarikkunnathino allengil pothuve oru "maaridaim varkk songine" soochippikkunnathino vipuleekarikkunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil franch "chaanttar" vazhi laattin "kaantar" ennathil ninnu "shaanti" enna vaakk uyarnnuvannathu, prathyekichu vyaapaarakkappalukalil vikasippichedutha, american aabhyantharayudhathinu munbulla pathittaandukalil praadhaanyathilundaayirunna, ithinu munbu kandethiya oru sradheyamaaya varkk gaanathe paraamarsikkunnu. cheria jeevanakkarullathum karsanamaaya samayakramathil pravarthikkunnathumaaya valia kappalukalayi maariyirunna eee cheria ganangal, oresamayam jolicheyyunnathinum athuvazhi thozhilaallikale opttimais cheiyunnathinum pravarthichu. kudilukal paadunna reethi oduvil anthaaraashtrathalathilum kaattil pravartthikkunna paakkat, clipper kappalukalude yugathiludaneelavum sarvavyaapiyaayi.
thekkan american aikyanaadukalile thuramukhangalil parutthi kappalukal swamedhayaa looad cheyyumbol aalapikkunnathupolulla britiish, mattu deseeya samudra paarambaryangalude pravartthana manthrangalil kudilukalkk mungaamikalundaayirunnu. naavikar aaswadikkunna samakaalika janapriya samgeethathil ninnu kadamedutha minstral samgeetham, janapriya maarchukal, bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla naadodi ganangal enniva oru paaykkappal pravarthippikkaan aavashyamaaya vividha thozhil jolikalkku anuyojyamaaya sangeetha roopangalkku anuyojyamaaya reethiyil sweekarichu. saadhaaranayaayi valikkunnathino thallunnathino ekopithamaaya oru koottaaya sramam aavasyamulla atharam jolikalil thookkamulla nankooravum kappal chramicarical ulppedunnu.
praayogikamaayi valareyadhikam mechappeduthalinum saahacharyangalumayi poruthappedunna oru paatt neettaan allengil cheruthakkaanulla kazhivum nalkunna vazhakkamulla gaanaroopangalaal eee cheri tharam tharamthirickunnu. oru sooloo vaadyakaaran bakkiyulla thozhilaallikalum thammil corressil avatharippikkapetta kolum prathikaranavumaayirunnu athinte mukhamudra. shantiman" ennu vilikkappedunna nethaavu addehathinte theekshnamaaya bhashaykkum gaanaparamaya budhikkum sakthamaaya shabdathinum vilamathikkapettu. kudilukal vaadyangalude pinthunayillaathe alapikkappettu, charitraparamaayi paranjaal, avaa vinodathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla sandarbhangalekkaal joliye adisthaanamaakkiyullavayil maathrame aalapichirunnulloo. engleeshil ettavum pramukhamaanenkilum, mattu europian bhaashakalilekku kudilukal srishtikkukayo vivarthanam cheiyukayo cheythittundu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode neeravi upayogichu pravartthikkunna kappalukalilekkulla maattavum kappal board jolikalkkaayi yanthrangalude upayogavum ardhamaakkunnathu kudilukal kramena oru praayogika pravartthanam nirtthi. irupathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil avayude thozhilgaanangal enna upayogam valare kuravaayirunnu. kudilukalekkurichulla vivarangal muthirnna naavikarum naadodi gaananirmmaathaakkalum samrakshikkukayum avarude ezhuthum shabda recorducheytha kruthikalum pinneedu oru bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla ozhivusamaya pravartthanamaayi kudilukal aalapikkunnathile punarujjeevanathe pinthunaykkunna vibhavangal nalkukayum cheythu. vaanijya sangeetha recordingukal, janapriya saahityam, mattu maadyamangal enniva, prathyekichu 1920kall muthal, shaandikalil thaalpparyathinu prachodanamaayi. eee gaanangalude samakaalika prakadanangal samudrasamgeethathinte "parambaraagatha" shaili muthal vividha aadhunika sangeetha vibhagangal vare ulkkollunnu.
vaakk.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
anishchithathvamulla niravadhi sidhaanthangal munnottuvachittundu "shanti" enna vaakkinte uthbhavam anjjaathamaanu. adyakaalavum ettavum sthirathayaarnnathumaaya derivations onnaanu franch bhashayil ninnu "paaduka"."
pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathile charitraparamaaya rekhakalil "shandy" enna padam uyarnnuvarunnathinu munbu, kadal thozhilaallikalodoppam eathenkilum roopathil paattukalo manthrangalo upayogikkunna prathibhasam. atharamoru gaanathinaayi eee padatthinte aadyakaala prasidheekarana upayogangalilonnu jii yill vannu. iii. klaarkkinte "oru naavikante jeevithathinte ezhu varshangal", 1867.1860 kalude thudakkathil bombayil ninnu newyork nagaratthilekkulla oru clipper kappalile oru yaatra vivarichukondu clark ezhuthi, "aankar 'ooo, rili, ooo,', 'enne neelam koottuka' ennee manthrangalumaayi villilekk vannu, tugg njangale brooklinil warfilake nayichu."provinstownil ninnu mattoru yaathrayekkurich parayumbol, maas. 1865ll addeham ezhuthi
oro purushan dutyilekku vannu. santhoshakaramaaya manthram muzhangukayum kodunkaattinte nilavilikku mukalil kelkkukayum cheythu. cable valare kadinamaayi pidichunilkkukayum athu mukalilekku uyarumbol, windlass aalukale avarude kaikalil oru galwanic baattari prayogichathupole deckinu chuttum paratthukayum cheythu. kappalinte thala palappozhum khara kadalukalil kuzhichidukayum, nananjum viyarthumaayi aalukal, breakkukalil valichidumbol "reyilveyil nellu", "njangal veettilekku pogunnavaraanu" ennu urakke nilavilikkukayum neelamullathum kadinavumaaya cable inch inch murikkukayum cheythu.
koodaathe, clark oru pradhana gaayakane "manthravaadiyaaya manushyan" ennu visheshippikkukayum steevadorukal kappalukalil ninnu charakk irakkunnathine "manthravaadikalaaya purushanmaar" ennum "manthravaadikalaaya samgham" ennum addeham visheshippikkukayum cheythu.
chaanti menn" enna nilayil steevadorukale aalapikkunnathinekkurichu eee paramarsham eee vibhaagathe oru varkk samghathinte forman enna nilayilum avarude gaanangalude pradhana gayakanenna nilayilum "chaanti-maan" ennathinekkurichulla munbathe paraamarshavumaayi bandhippikkunnu. 1840 kalude avasaanathode, chaals nordhoff mobail beyil "kottan-scruing" enna oru tharam advaanathil earppettirikkunna thozhil samghangale nireekshichu. ettavum bharameriya tharatthilulla advaanangalilonnaayi nordoff visheshippikkunna parutthi screwingle valia jacq-scrookal upayogichu purathekkulla kappalukalude kaivashangalilekku parutthi baalukal amarthukayum nirbandhikkukayum cheiyunnu. jacq scru "manthrangal" ennu vilikkunna gaanangalilekku mattunnathinulla avarude parisramangal samayabandhithamaakkunna naalu purushanmaar ulppedunnathaanu varkk samghangal.
paadal, allengil "manthravaadam" ennu vilikkappedunnathupole, parutthiyil pravarthikkunnathinu oru maattamillaatha koottaliyaayirikkunnu, pala scru-gaangukalkkum vaakkukalilum raagathilum parukkan, parushamaaya ananthamaaya gaanangalude shekharamundu, ennaal ellaavareyum orumichu akarshikkunnathinum kadinamaaya adhwaanathe sajeevamaakkunnathinumulla uddeshyangalkku nannayi utharam nalkunnu. forman "chaanti-maan" aanu, addeham paatt paadunnu, samgham corressil maathram cherunnu, athu oro variyudeyum avasaanathil varunnu, athinte avasaanam veendum scru handilukalil valikkunnu...<bii. aarr.>
manthrangal", karuthiyirikkaavunnathu, avayil yukthiyekkaal kooduthal praasamund. naavikarude mikka capstaan tuneukalum pole eee tuneukalum pothuve soumyavum ekathaanavumaanu, ennaal ulkkadalile nischalamaaya vellathil prathidhwanikkunna avaykku mikacha falamundaayirunnu.
american speach" jenalil prasidheekaricha gaveshanamanusarichu, "chaanti" ennathu "chaanti-maan" ennathil ninnulla oru pinvarunnathaayirikkamenna shrefler vaadikkunnu, ithu thudakkathil oru singing steevdorinte ardham vahichirunnu (mukalil nordhoffinte vivaranathil ullathupole). pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil maathramaan "shandy" (athinte vyathyastha aksharavinyaasangal) currency nedunnathennu charitraparamaaya rekhakal kaanikkunnu; athe shekharathe munbu "gaanam", "manthram" allengil "chaundu" ennu vilichirunnu."
aksharavinyasam.
1920kalkk sheshavum eee padatthinte aksharavinyasam valare poruthakkedu niranjathaayi kaanapettu. melpparanjava soochippichappol, american srothassukal oru "ch" spelling upayogichu, 1868 muthal 1869 vare britiish prasidheekaranangalil ninnulla samanamaaya rund lekhanangalil vanna eee padatthinte adutha prasidheekaranangal "shandy" upayogichirunnu. eee vibhaagam kaaranam ganyamaaya sambhavanakal nalkia aadyakaala ezhuthukaar (i.iii. kudilukalekkurichu paraamarshikkaathavar avarude deseeyatha pariganikkathe palappozhum "ch" aksharavinyasam upayogichirunnu.
1915-ll royal myoosikkal associatione abhisambodhana cheythukondu, engleesh samgeethashaasthranjanaaya richard ransimaan terry, spelling ucharanavumaayi vyakthamaayi poruthappedanamennathinte adisthaanathil eee vibhaagathe "shhaa" ennu ucharikkanamennu thante vishwaasam munnottuvachu. thudarnnulla thante cheri shekharangalil addeham eee aksharavinyasam sthiramaayi upayogichu. american shandy collector jovana colcord terriyude aadya pusthakam (rachayithaavumaayi bandhappettathum addehathinte chila metteeriyalukal veendum achadichathum) nannayi upayogichu, koodaathe 1924 leeii shekharathinaayi "shhaa" spelling sweekarikkunnathu vivekapoornamaanennu avar karuthukayum cheythu.
terriyude kruthikal aadyakaala vaanijya recordingukaludeyum (chuvade kaanuka) kudilukalude janapriya prakadanangaludeyum uravidamaayirunnu-prathyekichum, munbathe pala kruthikalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, avaa piano anubandhavum mathiyaya neelamulla, prakadanatthinu thayyaraya varikal nalki. colcordinte kruthikalum ekkaaryathil valare upayogapradamaayirunnu, koodaathe pramukha britiish naadodi punarujjeevana kalakaaranmaar oru uravidamaayi upayogichu. ell. lloyd eevaan mccoll. terry, colcord ennivarude kruthikale thudarnnu niravadhi shandy shekharangalum skorukalum "shhaa" spelling upayogikkaan thiranjedutthu, mattullavar eee padatthinte uthbhavam ennu avar vishwasikkunna karyangal samrakshikkaan "chaa" nilanirthanamennu nirbandham pidichu. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, komanvelthu engleeshil "shhaa" spelling erekkure staanderdaayi maariyappol "chaa" spellingukal kooduthalum amerikkayil saadhaarana upayogathil thudarnnu.
1920kalil, saadhaarana niroopakar eee vaachakam pathivayi upayogichu, ennirunnaalum ithu naavikar thanne upayogichathayi rekhappeduthiyittil, staan hyoogil polulla vishayathekkurichulla arivulla ezhuthukaar ithu upayogichittilla. zee shandy/chaanti" enna padam janapriya upayogathinte oru pradhana gadakamaayi mariyirikkunnu, avide "shandy" enna vaakkinte mattu ardhangalil ninnu varkk soong vibhaagathe verthirichariyaan ithu sahayikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, samudra pravartthanangale paraamarshichittum "aise fishing shandy" yumayi bandhamilla.
charithravum vikasanavum.
aavirbhavam.
vividha samayangalilum vividha sthalangalilum vividha saamskaarika grouppukalkkidayil kadal paathrangalil adhwaanathodoppam paadukayo japikkukayo cheythittundu. skotlandinte paraathikkaari" (1549) enna kruthiyil oru naavikante valikkunna manthrathekkurichulla paramarsham oru janapriya udaaharanamaanu. irupathaam noottaandile naadodi saahithyanjar "shanti" enna vaakkinte udaaramaaya upayogam "kadalumaayi bandhapetta varkk ganangal" pothuve ulppeduthunnathinaayi eee padatthinte aashayaparamaaya vyaapthi vipuleekarichu. ennirunnaalum, vividha aagola varkk soong prathibhasangalil ninnu eee cheri tharam vyathyasthamaan. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil atlaantik vyaapaarathil uyarnnuvanna oru varkk soong vibhaagathinte chithram roopappeduthunnathinu athinte aupachaarika savisheshathakal, prathyeka upayoga reethi, shekharam enniva yojikkunnu. yadhaartha kruthisamgeethangal enna nilayil, ekadesham ambathu varshathe kaalayalavil kudilukal thazhachuvalarnnu.
varkk chaantukalum "singauttukalum".
pathinettaam noottaandil muzhuvan ariyappedunnathupole kudilukal polulla onninekkurichum charitraparamaaya paraamarshangalude kuravundu. pathinettaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil, engleesh, franch naavikar ekakandamaaya sramam aavasyamulla chila kappal board jolikal ekopippikkaan lalithamaaya manthrangal upayogichirunnu. samudra padangalude oru nighandu, windlass ennariyappedunna aankar-holling mechanical upakaranathe vivarikkunnathil, atharam oru manthrathinte upayogam rekhappeduthi. eee prathyeka pazhaya reethiyilulla windlass gearukal thirikkunnathin thozhilaallikal nirantharam "handspikeukal" (thadi liverage baarukal) upakaranathilekku neekkam cheyyukayum veendum ulppeduthukayum cheyyendathundu.
ennirunnaalum, kaithanda kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu ettavum valia nettatthinaayi kurachu vaidagdhyavum vilaasavum aavasyamaanu; ithu cheiyunnathinu navikarellam ottayadikku windlassil ezhunnettu, athil avarude baarukal urappichu, athe nimisham pettennulla oru virayal nalkanam, athil orutharam paatt allengil avarude nambarukalil onnu ucharikkunna shabdathaal avaa niyanthrikkappedunnu.
kudilukale savisheshamaakkunna nannayi vikasippicha gaanangalekkaal, eee "alaralum" mattullavarum "1,2", 3 "ennee reethiyil lalithamaaya manthrangalaayi roopappeduthiyirunnu!"franch naavikar athu paranjuvennu athe nighandu rekhappeduthukayum oru engleesh windlass manthram enganeyaayirikkaam ennathinu chila soochanakal nalkukayum cheythu
"yun, dukes, troi", oru vismayam, allengil gaanam, naavikar bolain valikkumbol upayogikkunnu, avasana vakkil ettavum valia sramam nadakkunnu. engleesh naavikar, athe reethiyil, eee avasarathil vilikkunnu,-hole-inn-hole-tuu-hole-balle!
atharam lalithamo hraswamo aaya manthrangal pathonpathaam noottaand vare nilaninnu. 1870kalile navikanaaya frederic pease harloyepolulla aadyakaala nireekshakar avarude sarvvyaapithvam saakshyappeduthukayum oru hrasvamaaya jolie aavasyamullappozhellaam avaa upayogappeduthumennu parayukayum cheythu. charitraparamaayi eee enangale pothuve "singauttukal" ennu vilikkaarund; ennittum "shandy" enna padam varunnathinu munbuthanne richard henry daana "singing outtu" ennu paraamarshichirunnu.
kaatt aaa riggingiloode visiladikkukayum, ayanja kayarukal parakkukayum cheythu; uchathilum enne sambandhichidatholam, manassilakkaan kazhiyaatha utharavukal nirantharam nalkukayum vegathil nadappilaakkukayum cheythu, naavikar avarude parukkan vichitravumaaya strainukalil kayarukalkku nere "paadukayum cheythu".
pilkkala ezhuthukaar atharam manthrangalum "singauttukalum" kudilukalil ninnu verthirichu, ennaal thaarathamyena "lalithamaaya" kudilukalude kaaryatthil-sheettukalum taakkukalum valikkunnathinullava (chuvade kaanuka)-oru chaaraniratthilulla pradeshamundu. pilkkala varshangalile kooduthal sankeernamaaya kudilukal kooduthal aadima manthrangalil ninnaan vikasichathennu vishwasikkaan ithu chilare prerippichu.
aadyakaala britiish, anglo-american naavikarude ganangal.
pathonpathaam noottaandile vyaapakamaayi sthaapithamaaya aadyathe naavikarude varkk gaanamaya "cheerli maan" gaanangalil ninnulla sankeernathayude oru chuvaduveppu prathinidheekarikkunnu. mattu varkk-manthrangal vyakthamayum valare vyathyaasappettirunnatho, vivaranaathmakamallaathatho, allengil thalakkettukal sweekarikkaan aakasmikamo aayirunnuvenkilum, noottaandinte thudakkathil "cheerli maan" ennu niravadhi thavana paraamarshikkappedunnu, koodaathe 1920-kalil jaims maadisan marappanikkaaran record cheytha naavikar polum oormmikkenda pilkkala shailiyilulla kudilukalkkoppam ithu jeevichu. "cheerli maan" daana (kadal anubhavam <aii. dii. 1>), herman melville (kadal anubhavam <aii. dii. 2>) ennivayude srishtikalil sradheyamaaya veshangal avatharippikkunnu.
ellah kaikalumaayi mukalile seyil yaardukalil maast-head cheyyaan athiyappol, njangal "santhoshathode, purushanmaare" adichu, oru corus upayogichu, athu nilam nilamparisaan pakuthi vazhi kettirikkaam.
dekkukal muzhuvan jeevante kolahalamaayirunnu; pravachanatthilulla naavikar paadunnu, "hoow, santhoshamulla manushyare!"avar nankooram kettiyappol;
santhoshavaanaaya manushyane" sharashari gaanangalekkaal kooduthal "vikasithanayi" kanakkaakkaamenkilum, athinte roopathil ithu innu namukk ariyaavunna bhooribhaagam kudilukalil ninnum vyathyasthamaan, ithu "aadhunika" kudilukalude aavirbhaavathin munbulla naavikarude gaanangalude aadyaghattathil pettathaanennu soochippikkunnu.
1830-kalkk munbu shandy-singhingumaayi poruthappedunna kappal board sanbradaayangalekkurichu vishadamaaya paramarsham valare apoorvamaayirunnu. onnamathaayi, jolie cheyyumbol paadunnathu saadhaaranayaayi vaanijya kappalukalil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu, yudhakkappalukalilla. royal nevi jolisthalathu paadunnathu nirodhichu-shabdam kroovinu commandukal kelkkaan budhimuttaakkumennu karuthiyirunnu-ennirunnaalum capstaan jolikoppam bosante pipe, allengil faif, drum allengil fiddle ennivayundaayirunnu. 1830kalil ninnulla oru ezhuthukaaran ithu vyakthamaakkunnu 
nannayi achadakkamulla oru yudhapurushante kappalil, vividha parinaamangalude prakadana samayat udyogastharozhike mattarkkum samsarikkaan anuvaadamilla. dhaaraalam purushanmaar orumichu jolie cheyyumbol, oru fifaro fidlero saadhaaranayaayi avarude priyappetta chila raagangal aalapikkunnu; jacq "staambu cheyth pookum", "jacks dhii laadu" allengil "koleju honepipe" ennivaykku krithyamaaya samayam nalkunnathu valare santhoshakaramaanu."
munkaalangalil vyaapaarakkappalukale jolikalkkaayi fife fidd upayogichirunnu.
dhii quid" (1832) enna peril oru eest india kambani kappalinte yaathrayude logil oru anjjaathanaaya "steerej passenture" aanu kandethiya cheri polulla gaanangalekkurichulla aadyakaala paraamarshangalilonn. kappal jeevanakkarum yaathrakkaarum orupole capstaan chuttikkarangunnathil pankuchernnathaayi sradhikkappettu. onno athiladhikamo gaanangalkk kurachu vaakyangal nalkunna "pazhaya dittikal" avar paadunnuvennu parayappedunnu. eee sambradaayam pinneedu "capstaan shandies" ennu vilikkappedunna aalapana sanbradaayathinu samaanamaayirunnuvenkilum, eee vaakyangalude roopam pilkkala shaandikalumaayi prathyekichum saamyamullathalla. eee ganangal pilkkala kaalaghattangalil ariyappedunna oru kudilumaayum poruthappedunnillenna thonnunnu. capstaan heave cheiyunna dairkhyameriyathum ekathaanavumaaya dauthyam "dhii quid" polulla vividha tharatthilulla kaalakramena pattukal alapikkaan deerghakaalamaayi prachodippichirikkaam. udaaharanathinu, 1838-ll norwegian kavi henrique verjlaant rachicha capstaan shailiyilulla "naavikagaanangalude" rachana soochippikkunnathu scandinaviakkaarum atharam ganangal upayogichirunnuvennaanu. ennirunnaalum, eee pazhaya gaanangale "shandy" enna label nalkia pilkkala tharam gaanangalil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum, ithu sradheyamaaya puthiyathum vyakthamayum amgeekarikkappettathumaaya oru prathibhaasathinu janmam nalkia mattu roopaathmaka swaadheenangalundennu soochippikkunnu.
aafrikkan-american, caribean varkk gaanangalude swaadheenam.
shandy" enna padatthinte upayogam, orikkal eee maathruka mikka jolikalkkum oru samagra parisheelanamaayi maariyappol, sailiyum uthbhavavum pariganikkathe ellaatharam coupleboard varkk gaanangalum athinte nirvachanathinu keezhil ulppeduthi. ennirunnaalum, kudilukal pala tharathilundaayirunnu, avayellaam ore samayam vikasichavayayirunnilla. "mukalil charcha cheytha muun capstaan gaanangalil ninnu vikasippichedutha "capstaan shaandikal" avayude roopathilum uthbhavathilum valare vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. maruvashathu, "halliard kudilukal" ennu vilikkappedunnavayude shekharam sthiramaaya roopathilekku koodikkalarunnu. pambukal, windlass, capstaan ennivaykkum cheria maattangalode upayogikkunna eee gaanangalil bhooribhaagatheyum vyakthamaakkunna vyathirikthamaya "double-pull" formet-aafrikkan-american varkk gaanangalkk valareyadhikam kadappettirikkunna pilkkala vikasanamaayirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte aadya eathaanum pathittaandukalil, europian-american samskaaram, prathyekichu aamglophon-naavikarude "cheerli maan", chila capstaan ganangal enniva athinte varkk gaanangalkk perukettirunnilla. ithinu vipareethamaayi, aafrikkayilum puthiya lokathum jolie cheyyumbol paadunna aafrikkan thozhilaallikal vyaapakamaayi ariyappettirunnu. pomona kolejile sangeetha associate professoraaya gib shreflerude abhipraayathil, europian nireekshakar aafrikkan varkk-singarukale shradheyamaayi kandethi (avarude vivaranangalude swarathil ninnu shrefler kanakkaakkunnath pole). muun noottaandil europian kappalukalil jolie cheiyunnathinte cheria thelivukalude adisthaanathil, europian samskaarathil varkk gaanangalkk valare kurachu currency undaayirikkaamenn shrefler kooduthal anumaanikkunnu. pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil karutha aafrikkakkaarkk paadaathe "pravartthikkaan kazhiyilla" enna kleesha vikasikkunnath kaanaan kazhiyunna atharam paraamarshangal prathyakshappedaan thudangunnu. udaaharanathinu, 1806-ll maarttinikkile oru nireekshakan ezhuthi, "neegroik ellaatharam advaanathinum vyathyasthamaaya vaayuvum vaakkukalum undu; chilappol avar paadunnu, avarude chalanagal, nilam krishi cheyyumbol polum, samgeethathinu samayam nalkunnu."athinaal aafrikkan-american varkk soong paarambaryangalude aazham ippol amgeekarikkappettuvenkum, pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil avaa europian-amerikkakkaarkkidayile atharam paarambaryangalude kurravil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaayirunnu. athinaal europian naavikar chila tharatthilulla adhwaanathinu hraswa manthrangal upayogikkaan padichappol, mikka jolikalkkum vikasippicha varkk gaanangalude samagra samvidaanathinte maathruka aafrikkan-amerikkakkaarude nerittulla pankaalitthatthiloodeyo anukaranathiloodeyo sambhavana cheythirikkaam. kudilukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunna ganangal aalapicha aafrikkan-amerikkakkaarkk thaazhepparayunna jolikal undaayirunnu
pathonpathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil, aafrikkan-amerikkakkar aalapicha chila ganangal kappal board jolikalkkaayi upayogikkaan thudangi, athaayath.iii. kudilukal pole.
oduvil, naavikar jolie cheiyunnathulppede niravadhi sandarbhangalkkidayil pankitta oru varkk gaanatthinte oru udaaharanam "grogg time ooo 'day" aanu. ippol nashtamaaya eee gaanam aalapichathu 1811-ll oru capstaanil jamaikkan steevadorukal; antiguayil oru boat roying afro-caribean beans ca.1814; 1841-ll nyoo oorliyansil oru steamboat loducheyyunna karutha steevadorukal; newyorkkil ninnu clipper-briggle halliardukal valikkunna oru europian-american samgham ca.1840s. atharam mattu multy-job ganangal ivayaayirunnu "raundu dhii koonn (err), saali", "fayar daun dablo", "johnny hiloilek varoo", "hilo, boys, hilo", "tommy pooyi", naavikan thante kuppi-ooo eshtappedunnu, "" hyland laddy "," mudder dina "," buli inn dhaa alle "," hogey maan "," good morning, ladys, ellaavarum "," enikku panam nalkuka "," alabama, joonn cheroki "," yanki joonn, stormalong "," heave away (ente jonis) ".
mukalil soochippicha naavika ithara thozhilukal pradhaanamaayum karutha thozhilaallikalude paridhiyilaayirunnuvenkum, avaril avasaanatheth, parutthi scruing, 1840 kalode karuthavarallaathavarum edapedaan thudangiya onnaayirunnu. atlaantik mekhalayile thanutha shaithyakaalam ozhivakkaan aagrahichu, nalla shambalamulla parutthi-screwingle earppedaan theerathekku poya brittanilum irelandilum ninnulla naavikar ulppede atlaantik kadaltheera parutthi vyaapaarathile naavikarude raankukalil ninnaan eee thozhilaallikal palappozhum vannath. 1845ll nyoo oorliyansil angane cheytha oru europian-amerikkakkaaran ezhuthi
njangal athiyathinte pittennu thanne samgham rund samghangalaayi roopeekarikkukayum parutthi cheethayil jolie nedukayum cheythu... oru koottam jacq scrookaludeyum oru ditiyudeyum sahaayathode, njangal parutthiyude valia beylukal valicheriyukayum ellaayppozhum paadukayum cheyyum. eee gaanam samghathe sajeevamaakkukayum jolie valare eluppamaakkukayum cheythu.
pradhana paruthikkappalukalilonna mobail bay ennu vilikkunna shandy-ezhuthukaaranaaya staan hyoogil, vividha saamskaarika pashchaathalangalil ninnulla naavikarum thozhilaallikalum avarude pattukal vyapaaram cheiyunna oru "shandy maartt" aanu.
samakaalika nireekshakarekkurichulla daaranakal.
kudilukalude vamsheeyamo deseeyamo aaya uthbhavathekkurich abhipraayappettavar, 19-aamm noottaandil kudilukal ippozhum vyaapakamaayi upayogichirunnappol, eee vibhaagam amerikkayil ninnu uthbhavichathaanennu pothuve karuthukayum brittanil ninnulla munkaala engleesh paarambaryangalkku vipareethamaayi aafrikkan-american gaanavumayi samaantharangal amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. 1858ll oberlin kolejile vidyaarthi prabandhatthil prathyakshappetta kudilukalude uthbhavathekkurich (avaye aaa peril vilikkunnillenkilum) oru abhiprayam nalkunnathinulla oru aadyakaala lekhanam aafrikkakkaarude paattukalum naavikarude jolikalum thammilulla thaarathamyam varachu.
aafrikkan theerathu avarude ellah gaanangalilum, jolisthalatho theerathekkum avarude kanottukal paal cheiyunnathupole, avar samgeethathinu samayam nalkunnathu pole, aaa darj polulla strain ningal kelkkum. thekkan thottangalilum ningal athu kelkkum, neegroyile ellaayidathum, soumyavum maaduryavum, dukhavum aathmaarthathayum. athu deseeya adhapathanathinte virayal, adichamarthappettathum thakarnnathum, svechaadhipathyam, keezhadangal, aavashyappedaatha advaanam enniva parichayamullathumaaya oru vamshathinte nilavili pole thonnunnu... naavikarude pravartthana samghavum njaan saakshyam vahichatho kettatho aaya oru sambhavathiloode ente shradha prathyekamaayi nayicha neegro raagavum thammilulla saamyam ivide enikku shradhikkaan kazhiyilla.
orikkal "ariyappedunna oru sangeetha vakabhedam" ketta oru sambhavam ezhuthukaaran vivarichu, athu karuthavarggakkaar roying kanokkal paadunnathu kandu addeham athbhuthappettu. avar paadukayaanennu addeham avakashappettu, "hayee jiim vithu josie, hayee jiim vithu joou, jiim vithu joou!"eee gaanam oru naavikagaanathinu samanamaayirunnu ennathaanu ardham, orupakshe ariyappedunna shandy," "hole away, joou" "allengil" "hole away phoor rossie" ", athaayath".: "vazhi, valichiduka; ooo, valichiduka, ente rossie; vazhi, valichiduka; ooo, valichiduka", joou "."ezhuthukaaran minstral gaanamaya" "jiim vithu josie" "yumayi kooduthal bandham pulartthiyilla, ithumaayulla bandham vyakthamaan, ennirunnaalum ithu kudilinu prachodanamaayirunno atho thirichaano ennu anjjaathamaanu".
innu ariyappedunna mikka cheri shekharangalilum 1840-kalil ninnu janapreeti nediya minstrell gaanangalumaayi samanathakal kandethunnu. niravadhi minstral gaanangalude kavithakalude meter kudilukalilullathinu samaanamaan, aaa gaanangalude "noonn seekvittar" tharam "floating shlokangal" valareyadhikam kadameduthathaanu. shaandikalekkurichulla swaadheenamulla oru aadyakaala lekhanathil newyork pathrapravartthakanaaya vilyam ell. alden, shaandikalum "randum" aadhikaarikamaaya aafrikkan-american gaanangalum ardha-aafrikkan-american minstral gaanangalum thammil thaarathamyam cheythu
pazhaya naavikagaanangalkk savisheshamaaya oru vyakthithvamundaayirunnu. avar avarude vanyamaaya raagathil krooratha kaanichirunnu. kathapaathrangalil eathenkilum vidhathil avayodu saamyamulla oreyoru paatt "dixi" yum ore ezhuthukaarante rando moonno neegro gaanangalum maathramaan. minstral thozhilil "ooldu emmettu" ennariyappedunna eee manushyan aafrikkan gaanangalude yadhaartha aathmaavine-kroominte niyamavirudhavum pakuthi-dukhakaravum pakuthi-ullasakaravumaaya ganangal-pidichedutthu. ivayum naavikarude gaanangalum orikkalum parishkritha manushyarude gaanangalakaan paadillaayirunnu...
pala naavika gaanangalkkum neegro uthbhavamund ennathil samshayamilla. thekkan thuramukhangalile kappalukalude kaivashangalil parutthi vaykkunna neegros aalapicha gaanangalude oormmakalaanu avaa. pravachanatthinte kadinamaaya "shandy-menn", neegro korasukalude ardhashoonyamaaya vaakkukal oru paridhivare samrakshikkukayum uppuvella aavasyangalkku anuyojyamaaya reethiyil ganangal parishkarikkukayum cheythu. mattu chila ganangal anishchithathvamullathum ennaal valare vidooravumaaya kaalaghattatthile engleesh naavikarude kruthikalaayirunnu.
alden oru gaveshana charithrakaaranalla, marichu annathe nilavile shandy-singinginte nireekshakanaayirunnu. appol, avarude sailiyeyum prakadanareethiyeyum adisthaanamaakkiyulla kudilukalude bhavamaayirunnu addehathintethu, koodaathe deseeya "naadodi samgeethathinte" eathenkilum canonil pedunna kudilukal ezhuthukaarkkum maadyamangalkkum ithuvare roopappeduthappedaatha oru samayathaan addeham ezhuthunnathu.
aaa kaalaghattatthile oru engleesh ezhuthukaaranaaya vilyam clark russell, shaandikal american vamshajaraanenna niravadhi kruthikalil thante vishwaasam prakadippichu.
naavikarude pravarthanagaanam ippol amerikkakkaarkk kaivashamullathinal nammal kadappettirikkunnuvennu karuthaamenn njaan karuthunnu. eee pattukal ethratholam pazhakkamullathaanu? avayil ettavum puraathanamaayath eee noottaandinekkaal valare pazhakkamullathaano ennu enikku samshayamundu. jolisthalathu naavikar paadunnathino corresukal vazhi avarude shramangale prothsaahippikkunnathi pazhaya sanjaarikal soochana nalkunnilla ennathu sradheyamaanu. navikasenayil, theerchayaayum, itharathilulla gaanam orikkalum anuvadaneeyamayirunnilla. oru fiddle, boat vayinukaludeyum koottukaarudeyum piping, allengil munkaalangalil kahalam vare jolie thudarnnu. aaa gaanatthinte pravartthanam vyapara sevanathinu savisheshamaan, ennaal american swaathanthryathinu munbum yanki maraine sthaapikkunnathinum munbu athinte nilanilppinekkurichulla oru nirddeshavum neridendivarikayillaathe oraalkk pazhaya charithrangaliloode vettayaadaam.
kaalam kadannupokukayum pala raajyangaludeyum kappalukalil vaividhyamaarnna jeevanakkaare vahikkunna oru anivaarya upakaranamaayi kudilukal sthaapikkappedukayum cheythathode, niravadhi deseeya, saamskaarika paarambaryangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond avayude shaili pinneedu ennamatta vyakthikalaal roopappeduthappettu. adisthaana uthbhavam enthuthanneyaayaalum, pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode kudilukal anthaaraashtra naavikarude paithrukamaayirunnu, avaykku aavasyamulla deseeya associationukal kuravo illa.
pathonpathaam noottaand.
puthiya kappalukalum puthiya aavasyangalum.
1812leeii yudhathinu thottupinnaleyum american aabhyantharayudham vareyulla oru kaalaghattatthil pettathayi kudilukalude uthbhavathe (allengil orupakshe kudilukalile oru "punarujjeevanam", vilyam maine dorflinger sidhaantham cheythathupole) ezhuthukaar visheshippichittundu. kadalil thaarathamyena samadhaanam nilanilkkukayum kappal gathagatham abhivridhippedukayum cheytha oru kaalamaayirunnu ithu. paakkat kappalukal lokamembaadum nischitha samayakramathil charakkukalum yaathrakkaarum vahichirunnu. paakkat kappalukal valuthaayirunnuvenkilum munkaalathe kappalukalekkaal kurachu jeevanakkaarullavayaayirunnu, koodaathe avaa karsanamaaya samayakramathil pratheekshichirunnuvenna vasthuthaykkum purame. eee aavasyakathakal manushyavelayude kaaryakshamavum achadakkapoornavumaaya upayogathinu ahvaanam cheythu. udyogasthar thangalude jeevanakkaril ninnu uyarnna phalangal aavasyappettathinaal american kappalukal, prathyekichu, kroorathaykku prashasthi nedi. pathonpathaam noottaandile kudilukale kappal jeevithathinte eee reethiyumaayi poruthappedaan naavikar sweekaricha oru puthiya "saankethikavidya" aayi visheshippikkaam.
irupathaam noottaandile ezhuthukaarkku saadhyamaayathinekkaal vishalamaaya 19-aamm noottaandile srothassukal aduthideyulla gaveshanangal pariganichittundu. eee srothassukalil ninnulla thelivukal soochippikkunnathu 1830 kalude madhyathil polum eee vibhaagam ippozhum vikasichukondirikkayuku, ithu kudilukalude uyarchayudeyum abhivridhithinteyum kaalaghattatthe munbu amgeekarichathinekkaal alppam vaikunnathilekku maattunnu. 1840kalude avasaanam vare aadhunika kudilukalekkurichulla charitraparamaaya rekhakalude pothuvaaya nishabdatha, shipping kooduthal vegathayeriya clipper kappalukalilekku maariyappol polum, noottaandinte pakuthi vare avaa vyaapakamaayi upayogikkappettittille soochippikkunnu. californiayileyum australiyayileyum swarnna thirakkinte kanatha kudiyettatthil ninnu avarkk uthejanam labhichu. 1850kalile janapriya kudilukalil "nooru varshangalkk munbu", "oru divasam koodi", "santiana", "bolainil valikkuka", "padinjaaran samudrathinu kuruke", prathyekichu "stomlong" enniva ulppedunnu.
uchavum pathanavum.
american aabhyantharayudhasamayathu, shandy phoom poornnamaayum vikasippikkukayum athinusesham athinte shekharam valarukayum athinte nadappaakkal vyaapakavum staanderdais cheyyappedukayum cheythu. 1870-kalude dashakam eee vibhaagathinte unnathiye prathinidheekarikkunnu; aaa dashakathinu sesham aadyamaayi kadalil poya naavikar avarude pradhana kaalaghattatthil kudilukal kandittillenn kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1882ll, neeravi kappalukalude vyaapanam kaaranam, alden ithinakam kudilukalude kadannupokalinekkurichu vilapikkukayaayirunnu.
pazhaya paakkat kappalinte koristtaraaya "shandyman"-pingaamikaleyonnum avasheshippichitla. oru aaveshakaramaaya "valikkunna gaanathinu" pakaram, nammal ippol neeravi-vinchinte kolaahalangal kelkkunnu; neeravi allengil aadhunika neeravi-pump upayogichu pravartthikkunna aadhunika windlass, mattu divasangalile kaattu korasukalkku pakaram kogveelukaludeyum neeravi shabdathinteyum shabdamundaakkunnu. paattukalum neeravi parihaaramillaathathaanu. neeravi enchininte choodullathum annamayamullathumaaya anthareekshathil nilanilkkunna samgeethathodulla ettavum adutha sameepanamaan hoarse steem-visil.
1880kaliludaneelam mattu ezhuthukaar aaldante vilaapathe prathidhvanichu; oru ardhathil, oru aprathyakshamaaya kalayaanennu rachayithakkal vishwasichathinulla prathikaranamaayi, aaa dashakathil kudilukalude aadya shekharangal prathyakshappettu. windjamerukal ullidatholam kaalam kudilukal oru paridhivare thudarnnu, ennirunnaalum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil iva thaarathamyena kuravaayirunnu.
irupathaam noottaand.
roopeekarana ezhuthu.
irupathaam noottaandinte aadya dashakathile naadodi ezhuthukaar, prathyekichu brittanil ninnullavar, deseeya paithruka ashayavumaayi bandhapetta naadodi ganangal shekharikkunnathile avarude thalpparyangalil kudilukal ulppeduthi. engleesh naadodi-gaana samoohathile sessil sharp addehathinte sahapravarthakarum muthirnna naavikarude vaayil ninnu nerittu kudilukalude varikalum raagangalum neekkam cheyyukayum avaa erekkure vishwasthathayode prasidheekarikkukayum cheythavaril ulppedunnu. avarude shramangalkk thulyatha nalkiyathu kadinamallaatha niravadhi lekhanangalum muun naavikar thanne prasidheekaricha shekharangalumaanu. 1920kalode, kudilukalekkurichulla saahityam valare valuthayi valarnnuvenkilum athu maarunna gunanilavaaramullathaayirunnu. mikka edittarmaarum gaanangalude "anuyojyamaaya" pathippukal avatharippichu-oru reethiyilum eee cheri aalapichirikkilla, marichu achadikkaayi edittu cheytha oru samyojitha chithram. bodlerisation varikal ozhivaakkalum saadhaaranamaayirunnu. koodaathe, kurachu ezhuthukaar pariseelanam labhicha naadodi ezhuthukaaraayirunnu, athilum kurachuper vimarsanaathmakamaaya charitra reethishaasthram nilanirtthi. edittarmaar pathivayi adisthaanarahithamaaya prasthavanakal ulppedunna ulladakkathekkurichu saangalppikavum palappozhum nostaaljik aamukhangalum prasidheekarichu. thalphalamaayi, aprathyakshamaayuvarunna cheri shekharathinte bhooribhaagavum asthikooda roopathil samrakshikkappettittundum, samakaalika daaranakalkkanusarichu eee vibhaagathinte vashangal punarnirmikkappettu.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil shekharikkunnavar enthaanu ulppeduthendathu, enthaanu ozhivaakkendathu, shekharam engane roopappeduthanam ennivayekkurichulla thiranjeduppukal, varum thalamurakal eee vibhaagathe engane veekshikkunnu ennathine swaadheenichu. kudilukal paadiya naavikar eee samayat valare praayamaayavaro marichavaro aayathinal, kudilukalude prakadanangal anubhavikkan pothujanagalkk avasaram undaayirunnilla, eee rachayithaakkalude praathinidhyam vivarangal madhyasthamaakkunnathilum gaanangalude "staanderd" pathippukalude bhavam srishtikkunnathilum kooduthal swaadheenamullathaayirunnu.
engleesh kavi joonn masfield, rudyard kiplingineppolulla samapraayakkaarude paatha pinthudarnnu, kudilukale oru nostaaljik saahitya upakaranamaayi pidichedukkukayum avaye valare pazhayathum shaanthamallaathathumaaya kadal gaanangalkoppam 1906 leeii thante shekharamaaya "eiii silers maala" yill ulppeduthukayum cheythu. masfieldinu kadal parichayam undaayirunnuvenkilum (1891-95), addeham kudilukalil vidagthanallaayirunnu, koodaathe addeham nalkia gaanangalude pathippukal poornnamaayum aadhikaarikamaanennu anumanikkaan kazhiyilla. udaaharanathinu, oru pumping kudilinekkurichu thaan orikkalum kettitlennu addeham sammathikkunnu, ennittum athinte uravidam udharikkaathe thanne addeham orennam avatharippikkunnu. addehathinte muun lekhanangalilonnil, davinteyum tosarinteyum muun kruthikalil ninnu vaakkalulla shabdangalil edutha gaanangalkkayi addehathinte kudilukal sajjeekarichirikkunnu, koodaathe athu upayogichathaayum vyaapakamaayi labhyamaya mattoru shekharam (ell.eiii. smith, 1888) resourceukalaayi. valare pazhaya engleesh paarambaryangalumaayum saahityavumaayum kudilukale bandhippikkaan masfield aagrahichu, koodaathe vyakthigatha enangalude swabhaavam pilkkala premikalkku aakarshakamaanennu theliyikkum. udaaharanathinu, thomas hevudinte "dhaa trajady oof dhaa rape oof lucress" (1608) enna kruthiyil ninnaan "eiii-roving" ("aamstardaaminte velakkaari" ennu addeham visheshippichathu) enna cheri uruthirinjathennu masfield soochippikkunnu. maasfeeldinte shekharathil ninnulla varikalum ashayangalum pilkkaalatthe cheri shekharangalil ettavum kooduthal udharikkappedukayo koppiyadikkappedukayo cheythavayaayi maari, avayude sarvvyaapithvathaal iva irupathaam noottaandile prekshakarude eee vibhaagathekkurichulla daaranakalkku kaaranamaayi.
frank thomas bullante 1914 leeii samahaaramaaya "songs oof zee laber", masfield polulla ezhuthukaarude srishtikalil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu, romaantik toninekkaal kooduthal praayogikamaaya swaram. bullan enna engleesh vamshajan, thekkan yuu. esile thuramukhangalilekku kudilukalude uchhraaya ghattathil kappal yaatra cheytha parichayasambannanaaya oru kudilkkaaranaayirunnu.ezz. pinne caribean. thante shekharathil yadhaartha varkk ganangal maathrame ulppeduthaavoo enna uracha nilapad addeham sweekarichu, angane baaladukaludeyo mattu oof-duty gaanangaludeyo vibhaagangalilekku kudilukale vazhuthiveezhaanulla pralobhanatthe addeham ethirthu. (pusthakatthinte avasaanathil vyakthamaayi verthirichirikkunna rund kadalganangal ulppeduthaan addehathinte prasaadhakante sammarddam addehathe nirbandhithanaakki.) koodaathe, kudilukale aakhyaana kashanangalayi roopappeduthunnathinupar, mikka kudilukalum saadhaaranayaayi mechappeduthappedunnathu, onno rando sample vaakyangalil kooduthal avatharippikkunnath vanchanaaparamaanennu addeham abhiprayappettu. eee vibhaagathinte uthbhavathekkurichulla thante roopeekaranathekkurichu bullan thante vishwaasam prasthaavichu, "eee ragangalil bhooribhaagavum aantileesileyum thekkan samsthaanangalileyum neegroyil ninnaan uthbhavichath, ekkaalathum undaayirunnengil ettavum tyoonful rays, koodaathe oru gaanamillathe oru kayar edukkaan kazhiyaatha purushanmaar..."bullens musicologist edittar arnold avakashappettu," [tii] manthrangalil bhooribhaagavum uthbhavam negroid aanu..."yadhaartha varkk ganangal maathram shekharathil ulppeduthanamenna bullante nirbandham ardhamaakkunnathu, vividha raajyangalude bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla paarambaryangalil ninnu eluppathil kadameduthirunna-saadhaaranayaayi kapstaan varkk polulla heaving jolikalkkulla-ganangal addeham ozhivaakkiyirikkam. ettavum prathyekamaayi joliye adisthaanamaakkiyulla ganangal maathram ulppeduthunnathiloode aafrikkan-american gaanangalude uyarnna sathamaanam prathinidheekarikkappettu. 
eee kazhchappaadukalkkidayil evideyo sessil sharps undaayirunnu, athe varsham thanne "engleesh phokku-chandies" (1914) prasidheekarikkukayum brittanile prayamaaya engleesh naavikaril ninnu addeham shekharicha kudilukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. karutha kudilukalude pattukal niravadhi kudilukale swaadheenichuvennu sammathichukondu aafrikkan-american uthbhavathekkurichulla bullante avakaashavaadangalodu moorchayulla prathikaranam-engleesh naadodi gaanamaan paarambaryatthinte kaathal ennu karuthunna oru sthaanam. shaarppinte kruthiyude thalakkett, thudarchayaaya oru engleesh naadodi gaana paarambaryamaayi addeham vibhavanam cheythathinte bhaagamaayi kudilukal shekharikkukayum grouppucheyyukayum cheiyunnathinulla addehathinte padhathiye prathifalippikkunnu. aamukhathil addeham manahpoorvvam kudilukal ozhivaakkiyathaayi moorchayulla prasthavanakal undu (i.iii. addehathinu) janapriya gaanangalil ninnaan janichathu. kudilukalkk bhakshanam nalkunna janapriya ganangal pradhaanamaayum amerikkakkaaraanennum yadhaarthamo sangalppithamo aaya aafrikkan-american sangeetha swabhaavangale adisthaanamaakkiyullavanum oraal pariganikkumbol eee ashayam prasnakaramaanu. ennirunnaalum, janapriya gaanangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla atharam kudilukal illaathaakkunnathiloode "naadodi" gaanangalil shradha kendreekarikkaan kazhiyumennu addeham vishwasichu. sharpinu bullaneppolulla oraleppolulla kudilukale avabodhapoorvvam vilayiruthunnathin shoonyathayo kadal parichayamo illaayirunnuvennu addeham svayam sammathikkunnu, ennirunnaalum addeham thante vasthunishtatha vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, thanikk paadiyathu krithyamaayi record cheiyunnu, aashvaasamaayi. kudilukal rekhappeduthunnathinulla shaarppinte reethi erekkure vasthunishtamaayirunnuve, addehathinte gaveshana mekhalayum enthaanu shekharikkendathennathila addehathinte pakshapaathavum theerchayaayum eee padanatthinte phalathe swaadheenichu. bullante srishtikal valare apraapyamaayirunnuvenkum, naadodi gaana gaveshanathinte yuva mekhala sajeevamaayi srishtikkunna pandithanmaarude oru koottatthinte nethaavenna nilayil moorchayulla swaadheenam chelutthi.
1920kalode, cheri shekharangalude vyaapanam saadhaaranakkaarude vinodamaayi cheri paattukalude punarujjeevanathinu soukaryamorukkaan thudangi (chuvade kaanuka), ithu oru pothu prekshakarkkaayi sajjamakkiya kooduthal cheri shekharangalkku oru vipani srishtichu. 1920, 30, 40 kaalaghattangalile ezhuthukaar, avarude uthppannangalum janapriya kruthikalum upayogichu, pathonpathaam noottaandile nireekshakarekkurichulla chila arivukale marikadanna kudilukalekkurichulla "pothu arivinte" oru puthiya body sthaapichu.
feeld recording.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil naadodi punarujjeevanatthinte oru vashamaayaan cheri shekharam kanakkaakkappettath. austreliyayil janicha samgeethasamvidhaayakanum naadodi ezhuthukaaranumaaya persey grainer 1900 kalude thudakkathil vividha kudilukal shekharikkukayum mezhuk silindarukalil record cheyyukayum cheythu, koodaathe recordingukal vohan vilyams memorial libraryude oonlain soujanyathil labhyamaan.
1920kalil, sophtt-scholar pusthakangalude vyaapanam cheri shekharathe punarnirmmikkumbol, kurachu american pandithanmaar avarude dainamdina pravartthanatthinte bhaagamaayi kudil paadiya sheshikkunna naavikaril chilare audiyo record cheiyukayaayirunnu churukkatthil, feeld recording. jaims maadisan marappanikkaaran, brittan, ireland, vadakkukizhakkan yuu. ezz ennividangalile gaayakaril ninnulla noorukanakkinu kudilukalude recordingukal nadatthi.ezz. 1920kalude avasaanathil, vipulamaaya feeld daattayil ninnu nireekshanam nadatthaan addehathe anuvadichu. library oof kongrasile american naadodi gaanangalude archive sthaapaka thalavanaaya roobert vinslo gorden 1920 kalude thudakkathil naavikar saan francisco bay pradeshathu kudilukal paadunnathu record cheyyukayum pinneedu jorjiayilum mattidangalilum aafrikkan-american varkk ganangal record cheyyukayum ivayum kudilukalum thammilulla kathidapaadukal pradarshippikkaan sramikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee pandithanmaaril arcum kudilukalekkurichulla pradhana kruthikal prasidheekarikkaan avasaram labhichilla. athupole, 1930kalil aarambhicha alan lomaxinte rachanakal, prathyekichu caribean, thekkan yuu. esile gaanangalude feeld recordingukal.ezz., nilavilulla kudilumaayi bandhapetta paarambaryangalekkurichu vivarangalkk ganyamaaya sambhavana nalkunnu.
1940 muthal 1960 vare canadian naadodi ezhuthukaaranaaya helen kraittan nova scotia naavikaril ninnu 'blow dhaa maan daun', 'visky johnny', 'dhii silers alfabettu', 'shenando', 'rioo grande' thudangiya kudilukal shekharichu. avasaanamaayi, vilyam maine dorflinger 1930kalilum 1940kalilum newyorkkileyum nova skottiyayileyum gaayakaril ninnu shradhaapoorvvam record cheyyukayum kudilukal shekharikkukayum cheythu, athinte falamaayi addehathinte "naavikanteyum lumbermanteyum ganangal".
engleesh naadodi ezhuthukaaranaaya peettar kennidi 'hole away, joou', 'leave hirr, johnny', 'shenando' ennivayulppede niravadhi kudilukal aalapichukond 'avasaanathe shaanthikkaaran' ennu karuthappedunna englandile bristtolile staanli slade record cheythu, koodaathe recordingukal britiish library soundu archive vazhi oonlainil labhyamaan.
staan hyoogil, "ezhu kadalil ninnulla kudilukal".
irupathaam noottaandil nirmmicha kudilukalekkurichulla ettavum prashasthamaaya vaalyangalilonnaanu staan hyoogil ezhuthiya "ezhu kadalil ninnulla kudilukal" (1961). hyoogilsinte reethishaasthravum kaalakrama sthaanavum kaaranam itharathilulla ettavum valuthaanu ithu. reethishaasthravumaayi bandhappett, hyoogil saadhyamaayathra ulkkollaan lakshyamidunnu-chilappol sakalangalaayi maathram aanenkil, nilavil kandethaan kazhiyunna ellah vasthukkaleyum kanakkiledukkukayum avatharippikkukayum cheyyuka. aaa gaanam pothuve oru cheri ennariyappettirunnil atho oru cheri enna nilayil upayogichirunno ennathu apoorvavum akasmikavumaayirunnu ennathu pariganikkathe, addeham kelkkukayo vaayikkukayo cheytha eathenkilum gaanam eppozhengilum "kudilaayi upayogichirunnu" ennu saakshyappeduthiyittundil athu ulppeduthiyittundu. eee vibhaagathinte vaividhyamaarnna chhaayaachitramaanu phalam, ennirunnaalum, kudilukalude paraakaashtayilo pinneedulla kaalaghattatthilo ettavum saadhaaranamaaya ganangal eathokkeyaanennu shradha kendreekarichu manassilakkunnu. aduthide janapriyamaaya ganangal hyoogil eluppathil ulppeduthi-shandy vibhaagathin sesham paadaatthava, pakshe hyoogil kappal yaatra cheythappol (1920-40) nilaninnirunnu. engleesh ithara bhasha naavikarude gaanangalude pradhana shekharangalil ninnum addeham ganangal shekharichu. ellah pradhana munkaala kruthikalil ninnum "thante swantham feeld anubavangalil ninnulla yadhaartha meteeriyalukalumaayi" samyojippichu udaaramaayi neekkam cheiyunnathinulla hyoogilte pariseelanam, kalaakaaranmaarkk oru eluppamulla uravidapusthakamaakkunnu, pakshe charitraparamaaya krithyathayude kaaryatthil vilayiruthunnathu budhimuttulla oru srishtiyaanu.
kaalakramatthil hyoogil "avasaanathe shandyman" ennu snehapoorvvam ariyappedunnundengilum, avasaanathe yadhaartha "shandy collectormaaril" oraalaayirunnu addeham. thudarnnu vanna chila yadhaartha shekharangal, prathyekichu rogger ebrahamsinteyum hooras bekkinteyum caribean mekhalayile samakaalika shoonyathayekkurichulla kruthikal, ennittum "gaana shekharam" vibhaagathile mikka prasidheekaranangalum hyoogil, addehathinte mungaamikalude kruthikal ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla pothu samaahaarangalaan. oru paridhivare, "ezhu samudrangalil ninnulla kudilukal" kudilukalekkurichulla "avasana wack" aadya stoppum "oru referenzaayi" kanakkaakkappedunnu. pusthakatthinte "aadhikaarika" sthaanam athinte rachayithaavinte vyakthiparamaaya prathichaayayaal shakthippeduthappedunnu. thanikk munbu kudilukal shekharicha pala academic naadodikkathaapaathrangalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, hyoogil oru pazhaya naavikante roopavum vamshavaliyum kaivashappeduthiyirunnu, koodaathe kadal sangeetha uthsavangalil thante shekharathil ninnulla ganangal avatharippikkan addehathinu kazhinju. "ezhu kadalil ninnulla kudilukal", staan hyoogil ennivarude prakadanangal enniva irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthi muthal innuvare utsahimar kudilukal engane manassilakkukayum avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu ennathil valia swaadheenam cheluthiyittundu.
punarujjeevanam.
kappalukalile jolikoppam cheraanulla cheria pattukal "marikkunna" avasthayil polum, orutharam ozhivusamaya vinodamaayi athine "punarujjeevippikkunnathi" thaalparyam kaanikkapettu. irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathilo athinumumbilo ulla mikka shaanthamaaya gaanangalum atharamoru "punarujjeevana" dhamaniyayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
aadyakaala shandy shekharangalile chila edittarmaar avarude kudilukalkkoppam pianophort anubandhathinulla krameekaranangal nalki. ithu pattukal avatharippikkunathino avayude swaram roopappeduthunnathino ulla oru pathiv maargamaayirikkaamenkilum, avarude udaaharanangalum avatharippikkan kazhiyumennu avar pratheekshichathaayum ithu soochippikkaam. aadyakaala cheri shekharangalilonnaaya davinteyum tosarinteyum (1890-kalude thudakkathil pracharicha) "naavika ganangal allengil" chaantikal ", surakshithamaaya" droying room "shailiyilulla varikalkoppam atharam anubandhangalum ulppedunnu. eathenkilum yadhaartha prakadanangal eee swaadheenamulla kruthiye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaano ennu anjjaathamaanu, ennirunnaalum, 1895 februvari 4 nuu maanchastar litareri klabbinte oru yogathil ninnulla nadapadikal, aaa aadyakaalakhattathil saadhaaranakkaar shoonyamaaya prakadanangal punarnirmikkaan shramichathinte oru udaaharanam rekhappeduthunnu. pothuve, 20-aamm noottaandinte aadya rund pathittaandukalolam saadhaaranakkaarude mosham prakadanam thaalpparyatthinte abhaavamallengilppolum anuyojyamaaya vibhavangalude abhavam thadassappeduthumaayirunnu.
eee saahithyathil ninnu swathanthramaayi, yuu. ezz orutharam punarujjeevanam nadatthi.ezz. 1918ll staantan echu. 1880kalile oru vyapara navikanaaya boosttan raajaavine "american marchant maraininte audyogika chaanti maan" aayi niyamichu."rajaavu samudrathilninnu recruit cheyyappetta yuva vyaapaarikale kudilukal padippichuvenkilum avaa jolikalekkaal vinodathinaayi upayogichirunnathaayi thonnunnu. dainamdina pariseelana shedyoolinte vivaranathil thaazhepparayunna kurippukal ulppedunnu
vinodathil paatt ulppedunnu, oro kappalinum oru piano nalkunnu. sangeetha paripaadiyil pazhayakala manthrangal ulppedunnu, athil cheruppakkaare oru muthirnna aazhathilulla jala manthranjan padippikkunnu.
1920kalile gaanasamahaarangal, prathyekichu terriyude "dhaa shandy book" (1921,1926 ennee rund vaalyangalil) ozhivusamayangalkkayi shandy gaanaramgatthe oru theeradesha punarujjeevanathinu soukaryamorukki. mathiyaya varikalulla poornna sangeetha score thudarnnulla shekharangalum ithine verthirikkunnu. terriyude munkaala shekharangal (davinteyum tosarinteyum valare munbullathum aasoothrithavumaaya shabda krameekaranangal ozhike) "poornna" ganangal srishtikkaan mathiyaya vaakyangal nalkiyirunnilla, koodaathe kalakaaranmaar parambaraagatha shandymen reethiyil puthiya vaakyangal mechappeduthaan sramikkaan saadhyathayilla. 1926 aayappozhekkum landanile seven sease clubble klabbinte prathimasa athaazhathinu sesham oru cheri paadunnathu oru aachaaramaayi maari. 1928 aayappozhekkum, classical kacheri aalapana reethiyil avatharippikkunna kudilukalude vaanijya recordingukal echmv, vocalian, paarlophon, edison, akoo, columbia labelukalil puratthirangi; avayil palathum terriyude shekharathil ninnulla skorukalude saakshaathkaarangalaayirunnu. johnny kumm daun tuu hilo" polulla kudilukal janakeeya prachaaranatthiloode erekkure nilavaramullathaakki.
irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathile aamglophon naadodi sangeetha punarujjeevanatthinte bhagamaayaanu kudilukalile adutha punarujjeevanam nadannathu. american naadodi punarujjeevana grouppaaya almanac gaayakare 1941 leeii aalbamaaya deep zee chaantees aandu timingala vettayaadal baaladukalkkayi niravadhi shaandikal record cheyyaan alan lomax niyamichu. brittanil, naadodi punarujjeevana shekharathil kudilukal ulppeduthunnathinu pradhaanamaayum neethrthwam nalkiyathu oru...ell. 1950kalil lloyd aarambhichu. oru amachwar naadodi ezhuthukaaranaaya lloyd, kooduthal "aadhikaarika" prakadana shailikk anukoolamaayi munbathe classical shailiyilulla avatharanangal upekshichu. thante kudilukalude krameekaranangalude uravidangalekkurichu addeham pothuve duroohanaayirunnu; sharp, colcord, dorflinger thudangiya edittarmaarude shekharangale addeham vyakthamaayi paraamarshichu, ennirunnaalum addehathinte pathippukal eppol, eppol, feeld anubhavathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaano atho addehathinte swakaarya kandupiduthamaano ennu palappozhum vyakthamalla. loyidinte "dhii singing sailar" (1955) enna eevaan mccolinoppamulla aalbam oru aadyakaala naazhikakkallaayirunnu, ithu staan hyoogil 1961 leeii shekharam thayyaaraakkumbol, prathyekichu athu ulkkollunna prakadana shaili munbathe vaanijya recordingukalekkaal anuyojyamaanennu kanakkakkappettirunnathil, addehathil oru mathipp srishtichu. mattu niravadhi kalakaaranmaar pinthudarnnu, innu nilanilkkunna kudilukalude swaadheenamulla pathippukalum vyaakhyaanangalum srishtichu. udaaharanathinu, "southu austreliya" yekkurichulla loyidinte vyakthiparamaaya vyaakhyaanam airish naadodi punarujjeevana grouppaaya clancy sahodaranmaar etteduthu, athil ninnu eee pathipp ennamatta naadodi kalakaaranmaarilekku vyaapichu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi "parambaraagatha" kudilaayi avatharippikkunnathinte "staanderd" roopamaayi sthaapithamaayi. kaanadayile alaan mills (1913-1977) "songs oof dhaa zee" (1959) ulppede niravadhi ganangal naadodi recordukalkkaayi record cheythu. recordingukaliloodeyum klabbukaliloodeyum prathyeka cheri roopangalude vanthothilulla vitharanathiloode, naadodi punarujjeevanathinu pakaram sthirathayulla grandhangaludeyum raagangaludeyum oru mathipp srishtikkunna falamundaayi-jolie adisthaanamaakkiyulla cherigaanatthinte valare vyathyasappettathum palappozhum mechappeduthiyathumaaya swabhaavathil ninnu moorchayulla vyathyasam. mattoru phalam, mikka naadodi kalakaaranmaarum mattu vibhagangalkkoppam kudilukalum paadiyathinaal, kudilukalude shekharam "naadodi gaana" thinte pothuvaaya koottatthil kooduthal ulppeduthukayum avayude vyathirikthamaya upayogam, prakadana reethi, swathuam enniva orumichu thiranjedukkukayum cheythu ennathaanu.
parambaraagatha kudilukalude lokath oru call urachunirthiyirunna muthirnna navikanum ezhuthukaaranumaaya staan hyoogil naadodi sangeetha punarujjeevanathile pravanathakalude nethaavaayi (anuyayiyum) maari. naavikagaanangalude oru prathyeka kalakaranenna nilayil addehathinte saannidhyam naadodi samgeethathinupuramo athinullilo kadal samgeethathe oru punarujjeevana vibhaagamaayi sthaapikkaan valareyadhikam sahayichu. 1970 kalude avasaanathode, mistik seaport museum (1979 ll oru vaarshika zee music festival aarambhicha), saan francisco maaridaim museum thudangiya sthalangalil utsaahinmaarudeyum pandita-prakadanakkaarudeyum pravartthanangal-shaandikal, kadal ganangal, mattu samudra samgeetham enniva ulppedunna kadal samgeetham-uthsavangal, record labelukal, perfomence protocol thudangiyavayude swantham sarkyuttulla oru vibhaagamaayi sthaapichu.
pattukal swabhaavam.
pravartthanam.
manushya peshikal maathramaan kappalil labhyamaya eaka oorjja srothass ayirunna divasangalil, kudilukal praayogika pravartthanangal nirvahichirunnu. naavikarude chalanagal samanvayippikkunnathino aavarthichulla jolikalil avar adhvaanikkumbol adhwaanathe vegathilaakkunnathino paattinte thaalam sahayichu. virasatha laghookarikkaanum orupakshe kadinaadhvaanathinte maanasika bharam laghookarikkaanum gaanam sahayichu. sauhrudam valarthunnathinulla oru saamoohika uddeshyavum kudilukal niravettiyennu parayaam.
roopam.
samghathe orumichu paadaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi ellah kudilukalilum eathenkilum tharatthilulla oru corus undaayirunnu. pala kudilukalkkum oru "kooll aandu response" formet undaayirunnu, oru shabdam (shandyman) sooloo lineukal paadukayum bakkiyulla naavikar prathikaranamaayi hraswa refrainukal vilikkukayum cheythu (sainika cadense kolukal thaarathamyam cheyyuka).
mattullavare paattu paadunnathil nayicha oru saadhaarana naavikanayirunnu "shandyman". addeham saadhaaranayaayi svayam niyamikkappettayalaayirunu. oru naavikan saadhaaranayaayi oru shentimanaayi saine inn cheiyukayilla, pakshe kappalile avarude mattu jolikalkku purame aaa roll ettedukkum. ennirunnaalum, nalla kudilukalaayi ariyappedunna naavikar vilamathikkappedukayum bahumaanikkappedukayum cheythu.
thaazhepparayunna udaaharanathil, (neppoliyane paraamarsikkunna) 'boony' enna shaanthiyude oru vaakyam, kooll aandu response roopavum shantiyum samghavum thammilulla shabdangal thammilulla paraspara bandhavum kaanikkunnu.
<kavita>
shantiman ("sooloo"): boony oru yodhaavaayirunnu,
ellaam ("nirthuka"): vazhi-vazhi-"yaa",
shandyman ("sooloo"): oru regler kaalayum tarrier,
ellaam ("nirthuka"): joonn fran "Çois!"</kavita>
ithu oru "short dragg" shandiyaayi pravartthikkumbol (chuvade kaanuka), variyile kaikal oro prathikaranatthinteyum avasana aksharavumaayi (itaaliksil) avayude valikkunnavaye samanvayippikkum.
gaanaparamaya ulladakkam.
jolisthalathe ganangal enna nilayil kudilukalude praayogika pravarthanatthinu avayude varikalkko oru prakadanatthinte samgeethakshamathaykko munganana nalki. ekkaaranathaal, paatt gaanatthinte roopathinu anuyojyamaakunnidatholam kaalam, soundaryaparamaaya kazhchappadil-chilappol kramarahithamaya asambandhangalil polum-shaanthamaaya grandhangal moshamaayirunnirikkam. kudilukalekkurichulla oru ezhuthukaaran thante vaayanakkaarkk avarude varikal, bhoopradeshavaasikalkk, "orupakshe ettavum yadhaartha doggeralaayi kaanappedumenn munnariyipp nalki."addeham vishadeekarichu,
chattam pole, manthrathinu poornnamaayum praasamo yuktiyo illa; ennirunnaalum, ithu naavikarude pravarthanatthinu prashamsaneeyamaayi anuyojyamaanu. eee kadalganangalil oronninum aarambikkaan kurachu stokku vaakyangalo shailikalo undu, ennaal iva aalapichathinusesham, solooyist mechappeduthanam, pradhaanamaayum eee dishayilulla addehathinte naipunyamaanu vijayakaramaya manthravaadiye adayaalappeduthunnathu.
mechappeduthalum stokku vaakyangalum cherikkaarude vyaapaarathinte upakaranangalayirunnu. neelaykku samaanamaayi, kudilukal palappozhum atharam vaakyangalude oru string valare vyakthamo thudarchayaayatho aaya prameyamillaathe pradharshippichirunnu. oru vashath ithu roopam uthbhavicha sangeetha samskaarathinte soundaryathe prathifalippikkumenkilum, ithum praayogika niyanthranangalkk anuyojyamaaya oru savisheshathayaayirunnu. jolikal ethra dairkhyamullathum palappozhum pravachanaatheethavumaayirikkam. oru katha parayunna oru nischitha koottam vaakyangalulla ganangal allengil baaladukal, eppol venamenkilum pettennu avasanicano allengil vipuleekarikkaano kazhiyunna jolikalkku athra anuyojyamalla.
karutha varkk-singinginte euro-american nireekshakar athinte vipulamaaya swabhaavathekkurichu sthiramaayi abhipraayappettathinaal atharamoru pashchaathalatthil varikal mechappeduthunnathu oru aafrikkan-american sangeetha savisheshathayaayi kaanaan kazhiyum. srishtiparamaaya kazhivukal kuravaayappol shentimaane niraykkaan stokku vaakyangal sahayichu. iva multy purposes klichukalude roopamedukkaam, udaaharanathina
<kavita>
eee muttam mukalilekku pookanam.
[vittunilkkuka]
thaazhe ninnu mukalilekku.
[nirthuka] </kavita>
allengil, "ningal eppozhengilum [shoonyathayil] ayirunno?" ennathupolulla soothravaakyangal aaa shaanthikarmmakkaaran upayogichekkaam.", udaaharanathinu,
<kavita>
ningal eppozhengilum mobail beyil poyittundo?
[vittunilkkuka]
oru divasam oru scruing parutthi?
[nirthuka] </kavita>
niravadhi stokku vaakyangal minstralinum aadhikaarikamaaya aafrikkan-american parambaraagatha gaanangalkkumidayil "float" cheytha padangal upayogichu. udaaharanathinu, "neela vasthramulla penkutty" enna vaachakam oru karutha kallarayude gaanathilum oru janapriya minstral gaanathilum, athupole thanne kurachu kudilukalilum rekhappeduthiyittundu, udaaharanathinu,
<kavita>
o avale unarthuka, allengil kulukkuka,
neela vasthram dharichu aaa penkuttiye kulukkuka,
johnny hiloilek varoo;
pavam vrudhan.</kavita>
mukalilulla avasana ganarachanayil ninnu vyakthamaakunnathupole, shaanthamaaya varikal kadalyaathrayilo thozhil vishayangalilo maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyittilla. akkaalathe janapriyavum parambaraagathavumaaya gaanarachanakalil ninnu varikal varaykkuka (chilappol muzhuvan gaanangalum) ennathinartham vaividhyamaarnna prameyangal prathinidheekarikkappeduka ennaanu.
srothassukal.
kudilukal vividha srothassukale prathifalippikkunnu. mukalil charcha cheythathupole, joliyudeyum ozhivusamayathinteyum shentikalum aafrikkan-american gaanangalum thammil sradheyamaaya oru kathidapaadukalund. akkaalathe janapriya samgeetham, prathyekichu minstral sangeetha vibhaagam, avayude ganangal palappozhum anuyojyamaaya alavukolullathaayirunnu. 1830 kaludeyum 1840 kaludeyum avasaanathile minstrell gaanangalil ninnulla vaakyangal "valarekkalam munbu", "jambori", "johnny kamdaun tuu hilo" allengil "johnny boukkar" thudangiya pala kudilukalilum saadhaaranamaanu."music haal gaanangalkkum oru swaadheenamundaayirunnu, udaaharanathinu" reyilveyil nellu "."joonn brouninte shareeram", "jorjiyayiloode march cheyyal ennivayulppede kapstaan jolikalkkaayi prathyekichum janapriya maarchukal kadameduthirunnu"."chila kudilukalkk" "dreadnote", "" "newfoundlaandinte theerangal", "" "golden vaanity" "thudangiya ballad roopangalundu, ennaal iva thaarathamyena asaadhaaranavum oru corus vibhaagam cherkkendathumaanu". ennirunnaalum, shandymen palappozhum baaladukalil ninnulla varikalum prameyangalum sweekarikkukayum nilavilulla shandy gaanangalum corresukalum "splies" cheyyukayum cheythu. mattu kudilukal bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla parambaraagatha gaanangalil ninnu sweekarichu, udaaharanathinu "billie booy", "derby raam"."
tharangal.
vishaalamaayi paranjaal, kudilukalude vibhagangal avaa upayogicha task (kall) "holling" allengil "heaving" ennivayumaayi bandhappettathaano ennathinte adisthaanathil manassilakkaan kazhiyum. "valikkunna" (valikkunna) pravartthanangal edaykkideyulla swabhaavamullathaayirunnu. avarkk susthiramalla, marichu nirddishta nimishangalil ekopithamaaya ekopitha parisramam aavasyamaanu. jolikal nadathunnathinulla kudilukal angane aaa parishramangalude samayathe ekopippichu, athaayath "valikkunnu."thallal" (thallal) pravartthanangal thudarchayaaya swabhaavamullathaayirunnu. ivayil, "pacing" ennathumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ekopanam cheria praadhaanyamullathaayirunnu. thaalaathmakamaayi "samayakramam" ennathinupakaram, hevinginullah kudilukal uchithavum kaikaaryam cheyyaavunnathumaaya vegatha nischayikkaanum palappozhum dairkhyameriya jolikalaayirikkavunna kaalayalaviludaneelam thozhilaallikale ulkkollaano prachodippikkaano uddeshichullathaayirunnu.
mattu tharangal.
melpparanja vibhagangal, avayil adangiyirikkunna shekharavumaayi bandhappett, samboornnamalla. naavikar palappozhum oru vibhaagathil ninnu oru gaanam edukkukayum thaalam, aardrata allengil roopathil aavashyamaaya mattangal varuthukayum mattoru jolikkayi athu upayogikkukayum cheythu. oru kudiline eathu jolikkaanu upayogichathennu vividha ezhuthukaarkkum vivaradaathaakkalkkum idayil idaykkide samavaayamillathathil ithu kaanaan kazhiyum.
"shandies" "vezhsas" "kadal ganangal".
jolikkayi maathram paadiyirunna jolikkulla gaanangalaanu kudilukal. ennirunnaalum, naavikar thangal urangunna sthalatheyo nalla kaalaavasthayilo munvashathe bittukalkk (munbhaagathe valia posttukal) sameepam othukoodiya focus (pravachanam) aaswadikkaan paadi. samudra prameyangalulla ganangal aalapikkumbol, eathu vishayatheyum kurichulla ellaatharam janapriya gaanangalum baaladukalum kaanathe aalapikkam. naavikarumayi bandhapetta ozhivusamaya ganangal "kadalganangal" ennu label cheythittundenkilum avaykku sthiramaaya aupachaarika savisheshathakalonnumilla. avar abhiniveshakkaarkkidayil, prathyekichu kudilukalil ninnu verthirikkumbol, "foxinte pattukal" allengil "forbittarukal" ennum ariyappedunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandil aaa padangal valia thelivukalaayirunnillengum, "phoor-bittar", "foxley soong" ennivayekkurichulla chila saahitya paraamarshangal "shandy" prathyakshappedunnathin munbuthanne avayude upayogathe saakshyappeduthunnu."oraalude kaikal niranjirunna kudilukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, fiddle allengil kanserttina polulla kaikondu nirmikkaavunna upakaranangalude koode kadalganangal aalapikkam.
kadalgaanangalude udaaharanangalil royal neviyil aadyamaayi janapriyamaaya "spanish ladys", yuu yekkurichulla oru balled "stetli southen" enniva ulppedunnu.ezz. yudhakkappal. kappalyaathrayude kaalaghattatthil moshamaayi rekhappeduthappettathum ennaal punarujjeevana kaalaghattatthil gayakarkkidayil valia janapreeti nediyathumaaya kadalgaanangalude udaaharanagal "livarpool viduka", "pazhaya mouyiyilekku thaazhekku pathikkuka" ennivayaanu."
engleesh ozhikeyulla mattu bhashakalil.
kudilukal aalapicha vyaapaarakkappalukale jeevanakkar vaividhyamaarnna deseeya, vamseeya pashchaathalangalil ninnullavarum vividha maathrbhaashakal samsaarichavarumaayirikkam, kudilukal oru engleesh bhasha prathibhasamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, engleesh ithara bhasha naavikarude varkk gaanangalum vikasippichu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi eee tharatthilaannu
sweedish, norwegian, dutch, franch, brettan, velsh bhashakalil sradheyamaaya shenti shekharangalundu, koodaathe shenttikal poolish, jarmman bhaashakalilekku vivarthanam cheyyappettittund. eee bhaashakalile kudilukalkkulla padangal ellaayppozhum engleesh upayogavumaayi krithyamaayi bandhappettirikkilla. joliyum ozhivusamaya gaanangalum ulppedunna oru vishalamaaya vibhagamaanu franch bhashayil "naavikante gaanam". sweedish oru vishalamaaya vibhaagamaayi "sjomanvisa", "naavika gaanam" upayogikkunnu, ennaal oru varkk gaanathe soochippikkaan kadamedutha "shandy" upayogikkunnu. athupole, norwegian "sjömannsvice" vishalamaaya vibhagamaayum kadamedutha padamaaya ("shandy" ennum ucharikkappedunnu) allengil praadeshika "opsang" enna padavum varkk gaanangalkkayi upayogikkunnu. jarmman bhashayil thulyamaayathu "simanslide", veendum, shandy ennivayaanu. poolish engleeshil ninnu uruthirinja oru vaakk upayogikkunnu "saanda".
engleesh ithara kudilukalude ganyamaaya shekharangalil inipparayunnava ulppedunnu, avaa athath bhashakalil punarujjeevana kalakaaranmaarude aadhunika naavika ganangal roopappeduthunnathil pradhana punk vahikkunnu>
innathe prakadanam.
charitraparamaayi, kudilukal saadhaaranayaayi thozhil saahacharyangalkk purathu paadillaayirunnu, kadalganangal aalapikkunnath saadhaaranayaayi naavikarude paridhiyilaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, saadhaaranakkaarkkidayil ozhivusamaya gaanangalayi avayude punarujjeevanathinushesham avaa vividha sandarbhangalil avatharippikkappedunnu. euro-american naadodi samgeethathinu samaanamaayi, shaandikalum kadalgaanangalum anoupachaarikamaayi amachwarmaarum professionalukalum vaanijya vinodamaayum avatharippikkunnu, niravadhi kalakaaranmaar rund sandarbhangalilum vyaaprutharaanu. chila kalakaaranmaar samudrasamgeethathinte bhaagamaayi kudilukal, kadalganangal, anubandha vasthukkal ennivayil shradha kendreekarikkunnu, athesamayam mattu sandarbhangalil janapriya samgeethavum (naadodi samgeethavum ulppede) shaasthreeya samgeethavum avatharippikkunnavar kudilukalil ninnulla ganangal svanthamaayi konduvarunnu.
praadeshika pravanathakal.
kudilukalude samarppita prakadanangal vividha mekhalakalile chila aachaarangalum pothuvaaya pravanathakalum pradarshippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee vibhaagam oru anthaaraashtramaanu; sanbradaayangal swathanthramaayi vyathyaasappedunnu, avaa inipparayunna saamanyavalkkaranangalil maathram parimithappedunnilla.
vadakke america.
vadakke amerikkayil, pathivayi shedule cheythathum thurannathumaaya aalapana sessionukalil utsahikku othukoodaam, udaaharanathinu, maasaasettasile glousesteril aazhchathorum saan fraansiskoyile balkluta kappalil nadakkunna "chaanti songs", eee sessionukalil, pankedukkunna eathoraalkkum oru cheri aarambhikkaanum nayikkanum swaathanthryamundu, athil sannihitharaya bakkiyullavar-chilappol nooro athiladhikamo pankaalikal-korasukalil cherunnu. ellah praayathilumullavareyum lingabhedangaleyum vamshangaleyum aalapana sheshikaleyum swaagatham cheiyunna oru ulkkollunna anthareeksham lakshyamittaanu othucheralukal. vadakke american professionalukal palappozhum ottaykko valare cheria grouppukalaayo upakaranangal upayogikkunnu. amerikkayile ettavum pazhaya sathrangalilonnaya connectikkattile essexile griswold inn 1972 muthal thinkalaazhcha sayahna zee chaanti sessionukalkk aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu, yadhaarthathil cliff haslaaminte neethrthwathilum pinneedu mattu sangeethanjjar joviyal kroo aayi chernnu.
theeradesha pattanangalile vaarshika samudra uthsavangal amachwarmaarkkum professionalukalkkum oru othucheral kendravum puthiya vyaakhyaanangal avatharippikkunathinulla sthalavum nalkunnu.
yunaittad kingdom.
yukeyil, naadodi clubbukalkku aathidheyathvam vahikkunna pabbukalil kudilukal oru vedhi kandethunnu."professional kalakaaranmaar kooduthal ganyamaaya korasulla valia grouppukalilaayirikkum, ithu" "oru capella" "prakadanangal anuvadikkunnu". avar ulppedunna oru prathyeka thuramukha pattanavumayi avaye palappozhum thirichariyunnu. brittanilum chaanaliludaneelamulla niravadhi vaarshika samudra uthsavangal prakadanatthinulla sandarbhangal nalkunnu.
europe bhookhandam.
navikagaanangal maathram avatharippikkunna niravadhi amgangalulla corell grouppukalaanu ezz (jarmman, dutch). netherlands, jarmmani, norway ennividangalil avaa prathyekichum janapriyamaan. kudilukalile poolish kalakaaranmaar idatharam grouppukale eshtappedunnu, palappozhum yojichu paadunnu, upakaranagalil thangaletthanne anugamikkunnu, oru roock baand cheiyunnathupole thanne svayam avatharippikkunnu.
austreliya.
perth, fremantil, albani ennivayulppede oostreliyayiludaneelam zee shandy grouppukal sajeevamaan. 2018 ll mathyoo vernum collin anker chernnu roopeekaricha ankerman enna samgham padinjaaran australiyayile banbariyil pathiv paripaadikal avatharippikkunnu. 2021-ll albani maaridaim festival nagaratthil avar prakadanam nadatthi. maanasikaarogyathekkurichu aankar paranju "aarum avare vidhikkathathil thangalkk sukhamulla oreyoru sthalamaanithennu groupile aankuttikal paranju. prekshakarkku pakaram njangal palappozhum parasparam abhimukeekarikkukayum avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu. athoru saahodaryamaanu. ningal kadal kudilukal paadaan thudangumbol, athu ningale aakarshikkukayum aakarshikkukayum cheiyunnu. avaa kelkkunnathum paadunnathum nirthaan ningalkk kazhiyilla."spanish vanithakalaanu ettavum priyappetta gaanam.
mattu vibhagangal kadamedutha kudilukal.
naadodi samgeetham, roock, paashchaathya shaasthreeya samgeetham ennivayude kalakaaranmaarude reporterukalilekku cheri, kadal gaanangalude shekharathil ninnulla enangal konduvannittundu. naadodi saahithyanjarude pusthakangalum cheri punarujjeevana kalakaaranmaarude vaanijya recordingukalum eee avatharanagalude uravidangalil ulppedunnu. eee kalakaaranmaar nirmmikkunna roopangal valare staanderd aayirikkukayum oru cover soong cheiyunnathinu samanamaaya avarude uravida metteeriyalumaayi bandhappettirikkukayum cheiyunnu. samudrasamgeethathil shradha kendreekarikkunna, aaa vibhaagathilo paarambaryatthilo pravarthikkunnathaayi svayam karuthunna, onniladhikam srothassukalil ninnum vividha anubhavangaliloode thangalude shekharam vikasippikkunna kalakaaranmaarude reethiyumaayi ithine thaarathamyappeduthaam.
janangal.
naadodi punarujjeevana prasthaanatthil kudilukal palappozhum punarujjeevippikkappedu, prathyekichum avaa aamglophon samskaarathinte paithruka parambaraagatha gaanangalude oru shaakhayaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. naadan vibhaagathile aadyakaala kalakaaranmaaril palarum ganyamaaya ennam naavika ganangal avatharippikkukayum record cheyyukayum cheythu. udaaharanathinu, pooll kleydan 1956-ll "timingala vettayum kappalyatra" (paarambaryam recordukal) enna aalbam record cheythu, athe varsham thanne burl ives 'kappalukalile kadal vare' puratthirangi. kuranjathu 1950kall muthal, chila kudilukal naadodi vibhaagathinte pradhana gadakangalaayi mariyirikkunnu. manushyane thaazhekku eriyuka", "madyapicha oru naavikane njangal enthucheyyanam", "thekkan oostreliyayilekku pookunna" thudangiya kudilukal ulppedunna janapriya naadodi sangeetha vyaja pusthakamaaya "rais upp singing" ll ithu theliyikkunnu.
paara.
naadodi, roock kalakaaranmaarum prekshakarum thammilulla draavaka athirthikal kaaranam roock samgeethathilekkulla kadangal palappozhum undaayittund. udaaharanathinu, broose springsteente "payy mii mye munny daun" enna kruthi, oru kaalath jorjia kadal dveepukalile nivaasikal parambaraagathamaayi nadathiyirunna shekharicha kudilukalil onnaayi kandethiya neythukaarude naadodi groupinte vyaakhyaanathil ninnaan uruthirinjathu. chila roock kalakaaranmaarum avarude praadeshikamo deseeyamo aaya paithrukavumaayi bandhappettathayi avar karuthunnathinte bhaagamaayi kudilukal sweekarikkaan prachodanam nediyittundu. udaaharanathinu, airish kanakshan kaaranam, dablainarmaarude naadodi grouppinte krameekaranatthil "mosham nellu [reyilveyil jolie cheiyunnu]" ennu pogukal rekhappeduthiyittundu. kadalkkollakkar", naavika samskaarathinte swaathanthryam, vanyatha allengil durviniyogam ennivayulppedeyulla "kadal" prameyangalil mattullavar aakarshikkappettittund.
raajyam.
naashville kantri gayakan gaanarachayithaavumaaya hardy thante 2023 studiyo aalbamaaya mocking bared & dhii kroyil ninnulla campfire naitt tyoon "dhii redneck soong" upayogichu oru kudilil oru spoof eduthu. jorjju haarisante "dhii pairett soong" enna gaanathe eee gaanam kooduthalum thamashayaayi chithreekarikkukayum mattu kudilukaleyum kadalgaanangaleyum kurichu vividha paraamarshangal nadathukayum cheiyunnu, udaaharanathinu, rednekkukal "land hoow!" ennu vilikkunnu."pashchaathalatthil, paalatthinidayil hardy" "yoo hoow hoow aandu eiii kuppi oof due" "paadunnu, ithu" "marichupoya oru manushyante nenjil pathinanju pere" "paraamarsikkunnu, koodaathe corressil addeham" "kaast irumbil biskwick cheyyuka, ente collaril thuppuka, njaan abhimaanikkunnu, njaan athu uchathil uchikkum, ningalkk athu hollaril kelkkaan kazhiyum, njaan oru chuvanna kazhuthaanu!, njaan oru chuvanna kazhuthaanu!oru kadalkkollakkaarante jeevitam maathramaan enikku eaka jeevitam" ennathine paraamarsikkunna njaan ningale sambandhichidatholam oru stereotype mathramaayirikkilla, ennaal chuvanna kazhuthulla jeevitam maathramaan enikku eaka jeevitam "."
classical.
classical sangeethanjjar avarude kruthikalil kudilukalum kadalgaanangalum (allengil avarude ganangal) upayogichittundu. australian samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya persey grainger oru sradheyamaaya kesaanu. wood wind kvintattinaayi (1943) malcom aarnoldinte "three shandies" "madyapicha naavikan", "boony oru yodhaavaayirunnu", "johnny hiloilek varika" ennivayil ninnu roopangal vikasippikkunnu."
prakadana shailikal.
innathe shaanthamaaya prakadanangal vaividhyamaarnna sangeetha sameepanangaleyum abhiruchikaleyum prathifalippikkunnu. innathe kaalaghattatthile cherippaattinte uddeshyavum maanadandangalum eathu kudilukal paadunnu, engane paadunnu ennathil swaadheenam cheluthiyittundu.
oru "parambaraagatha" sailiye anukoolikkunna kalakaaranmaar pathonpathaam noottaandile krithyamaaya shailiyilulla cherigaanam aavarthikkunnuvennu vishwasikkunnilla. ennirunnaalum, aadhunika sandarbhangalude parimithikalkkullil, avaa charitraparamaayi eee vibhaagathinte savisheshathayundennu vishwasikkappedunna chila stailistik swabhaavasavisheshathakal paalikkunnu. uchathilullatho poornnamo aaya shabdam, shakthamaayathum kadinamaayathum-kadinavumaaya-toonn (kaattinteyum thiramaalakaludeyum shabdam vahikkunnathupole), pravartthikkaan nyayamaaya reethiyil anuyojyamaaya tempokalum thaalangalum enniva ithil ulppedaam. avar palappozhum "oru kappella" allengil naavikarude saadhaaranamaaya laitt instrumenteshan upayogichu maathram avatharippikkunnu (udha.jii. kansarttina). pothuve, prakadanangal kooduthal "arikukalkk chuttum parukkan" aayirikkam, koodaathe vaakyangalile munkoor mattangal ulkkollunnathin vyathyasappetta dairkhyamullathaayirikkaam.
kudilukalile kalakaaranmaaril palarum "naadodi samgeetham" shailiyaayi verthirichariyaan kazhiyunna vidhathil angane cheiyunnu. parambaraagatha kudilukalekkaal kooduthal vaividhyavum thaalpparyavumullathum kooduthal sukhakaravum parukkanthumallaathathumaaya samgeethathinu anukoolamaayi avar paattukalil thanne kooduthal thaalpparyamullavarum "shandy stail" prakadanatthil kuravumaanu. naadodi" swaramulla bharam kuranja shabdam, sajeevamaaya svarangal, vaakyangal thammilulla upakarana edavelakal enniva stailistik savisheshathakalil ulppedunnu. eee kalakaaranmaar gitaar, banjo thudangiya upakaranagalil eppozhum thangalodoppam pookaan thiranjedukkunnu. shabdathekkaal samayam nilanirthaan upakaranangale aasrayikkunna avarude thaalangal samanvayippichathum jolisthalathe gaana thaalangalil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthavumaayirikkam.
ippozhum mattu kalakaaranmaar poppu, roock allengil naadaka sangeetha pashchaathalangalil ninnu kudilukalilekku varikayum "samakaalika" shaili ennu vilikkappedunna reethiyil prakadanam nadathukayum cheiyunnu. minusamarnna, poppu shailiyilulla shabdaswaram, shradhaapoorvvam samanvayippicha saamyam, aakarshakamaaya thaalangal ennivayaanu chila munganana savisheshathakal.
saadhaaranagathiyil kuravaayirunnengilum-avarude aadyakaala vaanijya recordingukalil angane aayirunnengilum-kudilukal oru "classical" gaayaka sailiyilaanu avatharippikkunnath. roobert shhaa choral, norman lubof gaayakasangham, seeferezhs corus thudangiya gaayakasamghangal kudilukaludeyum kadalgaanangaludeyum muzhuvan aalbangalum purathirakkiyittundu.
janapriya maadyamangalil.
janapriya maadyamangalil kudilukaludeyo "kudilukal" ennu label cheytha gaanangaludeyum gaanangaludeyum prathyakshappedal kaalatheethavum saangalppikavumaanu. noorukanakkinu varshangal pazhakkamulla oru vibhaagamenna nilayil kudilukalekkurichulla janakeeya daaranaykku anusrithamaayi, pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyam vare maathram rekhappeduthiya asthithwamulla ganangal, aadyakaalangalil, pathinettaam noottaandileyum athinumumbumulla ramgangal chithreekarikkaan swathanthramaayi upayogichittundu. kadalkollayude suvarnna kaalaghattatthilum nepolian yudhangalilum aadhunika kudilukal upayogichirunnathaayi sangalppikkunnathiloode kudilukalum kadalkkollakkaarum thammil kaalaharanapetta bandhangal roopappettittundu."eee upayogangalkkum asosiyeshanukalkkumulla thelivukal eee vibhaagathil pinthudarunna udaaharanangalil kaanam. 2020 avasaanathode 2021 nte thudakkathil pradhaanamaayum tick tokkile oru trend kaaranam shaandikalum avaa paadunna hraswa veediyokalum janapreeti vardhippichu.
janapriya saahityam.
kudilukalekkurichulla labhyamaya charitraparamaaya vivarangalil bhooribhaagavum sanjaaracharithra saahithyathil ninnaan varunnath, athil bhooribhaagavum sradheyamaaya janapreeti kuravaanu, ennaal athil chilath daanayude "rund varsham munbu maast" (1840) polulla vishalamaaya prekshakarilekku ethi. ennirunnaalum, pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyam vareyulla chila fiction ezhuthukaar, kappal yaathraanubhavamullavaril, naavikarude varkk ganangal ulppedunna ramgangalum ulppedunnu. eee ezhuthukaaril hooras elisha scudder, elijah kellog, herman melville ennivarum ulppedunnu. udaaharanathinu, "redben addehathinte aadya yaatra" ennathil melville ezhuthi
taamasiyaathe enikku eee gaanam sheelamaayi; naavikar orikkalum athillathe oru kayar sparsichittilla. chilappol, aarum adikkaan thayyarakathe, valikkunnath, athu enthuthanneyaayaalum, valare nannayi munnott pokunnillennu thonnumbol, inaykku eppozhum parayaam, "varoo, purushanmaare, ningalil arcum paadaan kazhiyille? ippol paaduka, marichavare uyirppikkuka."ennittu avaril oraal thudangum, oororutharudeyum kaikalkk aaa paatt enneppole thanne aashvaasam pakarukayum, njaan cheythathupole nannayi valikkaan kazhiyukayum cheythaal, atharamoru aaveshakaramaaya koode, aaa paatt athil chelavazhicha shwaasam vilamathikkunnathaanennu enikku urappund. nannayi paadunnathu ariyunnathu oru naavikanil oru valia kaaryamaan, kaaranam athu udyogastharil ninnu addehathinu mikacha perum kappal yaathrakkarkkidayil nalla janapreethy nedunnu. chila kadal kappalukal, oru manushyane ayaykkunnathinu munbu, ellaayppozhum oru kayariloode paadaan kazhiyumo ennu chodikkuka.
1880kalil prasidheekarikkappedunna eee cheri vibhaagam pothujanangalil bhooribhaagathinum aparichithamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum, fictionile janapriya paraamarsangalil bhooribhaagavum aaa dashakam vare aarambikkunnilla. oru kudilinekkurichu karsanamaayi paraamarshikkunnillenkum, roobert luis steevansan thante "trusher ailand" (1883) enna novalinaayi kandupidicha "marichayaalude nenjil pathinanju perr" enna gaanamaan oru ariyappedunna aadyakaala udaaharanam. manushyane thaazheyirakkuka" enna udharanikal prathyekichum dhaaraalamaayirunnu. rudyard kippling thante "dhii phastt chaanti", "dhii laast chaanti" (1893) ennee kruthikal upayogichu naavikante kadalganam enna ashayam kaavyathmaka vibhagathinullil romaantik aakki.
janapriya samgeetham.
kudilukal charitraparamaayi thozhilganangalaayi manassilaakkappettirum, irupathaam noottaandinte pakuthi muthal janapriya samskaarathil "shandy" enna vaakk palappozhum oru catch-ool padamaayi upayogikkunnu, athil ozhivusamayangalil kadalil aalapichathayi karuthappedunna gaanangalum kadal sambandhicha mattu gaanangalum allengil kadalinte chinthakale avyakthamaayi prachodippikkunnavayum ulppedunnu. nirvachanamanusarichu jolikalkku anuyojyamaayi roopakalppana cheythirikkunna charitraparamaaya cheri shekharathinte bhooribhaagavum vinoda shravanatheppole aakarshakamalla. sangeetha roopangal valare aavarthanakshamamayirunnu, koodaathe varikal palappozhum yojichatho munkootty sangalppichatho aaya rachanakalonnumillaatha dogreral aayirunnu. eee kaaranangalal, orikkalum allengil asaadhaaranamaayi kudilukalaayi maathram sweekarikkappedaatha kadalganangal-ennaal aakarshakamaaya raagangalum grandhangalum ullava-20-aamm noottaandile prekshakarkku "kudilukal" enna peril janapriyamaanennu thelinju."eee cheria naavikarallaatha gaanangalum kudilukalude charitraparamaaya shekharavum saadhaaranayaayi upakaranangalude koode avatharippikkunnu-ithu kadalil apoorvamo kettittillaatthatho aayirunnu.
parambaraagatha shekharathinte janapriya sangeetha vyaakhyaanangal.
samudrasamgeethavumaayi sakthamaaya bandhamillaattha sangeethanjjar parambaraagatha kudilukalum kadalgaanangalum vyaakhyaanichittund, avayil vyaapakamaayi chitharikkidakkunna niravadhi udaaharanangalund. udaaharanathinu, "frigging inn dhaa rigging" enna body zee gaanam pank baand sex pistalukalaanu record cheythath. orupakshe clancy sahodaranmaar, doublinermar thudangiya airish naadodi punarujjeevana grouppukalude swaadheenathil, avarude reporterukalil chila kudilukal ulppeduthiyathukondu, kudilukalum airish samgeethavum thammil chila bandhangalum roopappettittundu. athinaal, eee kalakaaranmaarilekku thirinjunokkumbol, pinneedu airish adhishtitha roock grouppukalaaya pogukal parambaraagatha kudilukalum "southu austreliya", "greenland timingala malsyabandhanam" thudangiya kadalgaanangalum vyaakhyaanichu."niravadhi noonn-maaridaim sangeethanjjar parambaraagatha samudra shekharathe kaikaaryam cheytha oru sradheyamaaya udaaharanam nadan johnny deppinte" "pairetts oof dhii caribean" "chithreekarikkunna samayat vikasicha kudilukalodulla thaalpparyathil ninnaan". thalphalamaayi, 2006-ll depp soukaryamorukkaan sahayichu."britiish kadalgaanangalekkurichulla sarr henry vudinte fantasia, kacheri oorkkastra avatharippicha kadalgaanangalude oru misrithamaanu, brittanile promukalude avasana raathriyile oru janapriya gadakamaanu. 2021-ll, scotland aasthaanamaayulla postmaan nathan evans avatharippicha kadal prameya gaanamaya "vellerman" enna gaanam vairalayi avatharippichathinu sesham kadal kudilukal tick tokkil trend cheythu, ithu oru kudilaanennu thettidharikkappedukayum upayokthaakkale eee vibhaagathil ganangal tirayan avatharippikkanum prachodippikkukayum cheythu.
shandy" shailiyilulla puthiya rachanakal.
19-aamm noottaandile ganashaili anukarikkaan roopakalppana cheythava muthal prakopanaparamaaya shailikaliloodeyum tokkan sangeetha savisheshathakaliloodeyum kadalyaathra samskaarathe unarthaan uddeshichava vareyulla puthiya sangeetha rachanakalkkum kudilukalude sangeetha "shaili" prachodanamaayi. udaaharanathinu, staan rogezhs gaanam, "baaratts praivattezhs", parambaraagatha shailiyil alapikkukayum samudracharithrathinte oru kathayumaayi bandhapetta varikal undaakukayum cheiyunnathu, bodhyappeduthunna kadal balled undaakkukayum samudra sangeetha kalakaaranmaarude shekharathil sweekarikkappedukayum cheiyunnu. naadodi gayakanaaya steevu goodman puthuthayi rachicha mattoru gaanamaya "linkon paarkk pairetts", "way, hayy, toow 'emm eway" enna vaachakam upayogikkunnu, ithu shaanthikoshangale anukarikkukayum athe samayam athinte vishayathile "kadalkkolla" yeei kaalaatheethamaayi unarthukayum cheiyunnu. television shoyaya sponch bob skvayarpaantukalude theem songinu oru cheri polulla kooll aandu response gadanayundu, koodaathe parambaraagathamaaya "manushyane thaazhekku eriyuka" ennathumaayi poruthappedunna oru madhura vaakyathil ninnaan aarambhikkunnath, orupakshe kathaapaathram "kadalinadiyil oru painappilil thaamasikkunnu" ennathukondaakaam."gilligans dveepinte prameyavum cheri ghadanayilum shailiyilum ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu. shandy" ennu label cheytha oru puthiya rachana eee vibhaagathinte pradhana savisheshathakalum thammilulla kooduthal durbalamaaya bandhatthinte udaaharanamaaya "zee shandy" enna gaanam pogukal record cheythu."eee cheri vibhagavumaayi ithu pankidunnathaayi thonnunna oreyoru savisheshatha 6/8 meteraanu (" "manushyane thaazhekku eriyuka" "polulla chila ariyappedunna kudilukal pradarshippikkunnu)".
engleesh samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya maikkal maybric (steefan adams enna peril) 1876-ll purathirangiya "nancy liie" enna gaanatthinte lakshakkanakkin koppikal kadalyaathra shailiyil vittazhichu, frederic ezhuthiya varikal oru purathana naavika bharyayekkurichaanu. portt aartharile (austreliya) vidoora britiish kolaniyile australian samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya frederic augustus packeril ninnulla 1882 leeii prathikarana soosi bell eee gaanam unarthi. 
sinimayilum televisionilum.
eee cheruchithrangalude shekharathil ninnulla ganangal chalachithrangalil prathyakshappettittundu. iva mikkappozhum uchithamaaya thozhil pashchaathalatthil chithreekarikkappedunnil, chilappol oru kappal board sandarbham polum illa, koodaathe naadakatthinu niravum thaalpparyavum konduvaraan sahayikkunna kaalaharanangalayi avaye tharamthirikkaam. parambaraagatha shandy shekharam ulppeduthiya sradheyamaaya sinimakalude oru sample listt chuvade cherkkunnu.