
david collier (rashtreeya shaasthranjan)

thaarathamya raashtreeyathil vaidagdhyamulla oru american rashtreeya shaasthranjanaanu david collier (jananam februvari 17,1942). berkleyile california sarvakalaashaalayile chansalarude professoraanu addeham. thaarathamya raashtreeyam, laattin american raashtreeyam, reethishaasthram ennee mekhalakalil addeham pravartthikkunnu. addehathinte pithaav naravamshashaasthranjanaaya donald koliyaraayirunnu.
jeevacharitram.
1942ll illinoyisile chikkagoyilaanu collier janichathu. addehathinu eiii. bii. undu.eiii. 1965ll harward sarvakalashaalayil ninnu phd nedi.dii. 1971ll chikkago sarvakalashaalayil ninnu polittikkal sayansil birudam nedi.
phd nediya sesham, collier bloomingtonile indiana sarvakalashaalayil padippichu, avide 1975 ll asisttant professoraayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. 1978 ll addeham berkleyile polittikkal sayans vibhaagathil chernnu. berkleyil, collier polittikkal sayans departmentinteyum sentar phoor laattin american stadeesinteyum chairmaanaayirunnu, koodaathe laattin american stadeesil berkley-stanford prograaminte saha-directoraayirunnu. berkleyil laattin american raashtreeyam, thaarathamya raashtreeyam, reethishaasthram ennee mekhalakalile pandithanmaare parisheelippikkunnathil addeham kendramaayi earppettirunnu, koodaathe berkleyude campus-wide vishishta faakkaltti mentar award nedi.
american polittikkal sayans association (apsa) enna thaarathamya rashtreeya vibhaagathinte presidentaayi collier sevanamanushtichittundu; aapsayude vais prasidantaayirunnu; gunaparavum multy-methed gaveshanathinumaayi apsa samghaditha vibhaagathinte sthaapaka prasidantaayirunnu. syracuse sarvakalashaalayil varsham thorum nadakkunna anthaaraashtra pariseelana paripaadiyaaya instittyoott phoor kvaalitteevu aandu multy-methed research (aii. kyu. emm. aarr) nirmikkunnathil collier sajeeva punk vahichittundu. 
collierinu oru guggenheim fellowship labikkukayum behavioural sciencesile advanced stadi sentaril fellow aayirunnu. 
avaardukalum bahumathikalum.
gunaparavum multy-methed gaveshanathinumaayi samghadithamaaya apsa vibhaagathinte "david collier midu-currier acheevment award" 2010 ll koliyarinte perilaanu ariyappedunnathu.
academic gaveshanam.
laattin american raashtreeyathekkurichu pravartthanangalude perilaanu collier thudakkathil ariyappettirunnath. thante kariyarinte randaam pakuthiyil addeham reethishaasthrathil shradha kendreekarichu. adthyaapanathil ninnu viramicha sesham, addeham nirnaayaka ghattangalude vishayathilekku madangukayum "nirnaayaka ghattangalum charitraparamaaya paarambaryangalum thaarathamya saamoohika shaasthrathinulla ulkkaazhchakalum reethikalum" (2022) saha-edittu cheyyukayum cheythu.
thaarathamya raashtreeyavum laattin america.
koliyarude kruthikalude aadyabhaagam laattin american raashtreeyathilum thaarathamya raashtreeyathinte vishalamaaya mekhalayilum shradha kendreekarikkunnu. eee aadyakaala kruthiyil rashtreeya bharanakoodangal, corporatism, saamoohika nayam ennivayekkurichulla alavukolulla cross-naashanal gaveshanavum peruvile schwater settilmentukalilekkula bharana maattavum pothu nayavum thammilulla bandhathekkurichulla paryaveshanavum ulppedunnu, ithu "squaters aandu oligarksa pettoovil svechaadhipathya bharanavum naya maattavum" (1976) enna peril prasidheekarichu. laattin american raashtreeyathekkurichu addehathinte rund pradhana kruthikal addehathinte edittad vaalyam "laattin amerikkayile puthiya svechaadhipathyam" (1979), addehathinte saha rachayithaav "rashtreeya mekhalaye roopappeduthunnu nirnaayaka gattangal, thozhil prasthaanam, laattin amerikkayile bharana chalanathmakatha" (1991) ennivayaanu.
"laattin amerikkayile puthiya svechaadhipathyam". "
laattin amerikkayile puthiya svechaadhipathyam" (1979), collier eee mekhalayile niravadhi pramukha pandithanmaraya gillermo oo 'donnel, albert oo. hirshman fernando henrique cardoso 1960kalilum 1970kalilum laattin amerikkayil svechaadhipathyathinte uyarchaykku badal vishadeekaranangal paryavekshanam cheiyunnu. akkaalathe thaarathamya raashtreeyathil prabalamaaya aadhunikavalkkarana sidhaanthavumaayi ashayavinimayam nadathikkondu eee kruthi laattin american raashtreeyathekkurichu saahithyathe konduvannu. ettavum vyavasaayavalkkarikkappetta laattin american rajyangal kooduthal janaadhipathya raajyangalalla enna vasthuthayil shradha kendreekarichu, aadhunikavalkkarana sidhaanthakar munnottuvacha moonnaam loka raashtreeyathekkurichu nilavilulla kazhchappadinekkurichu niravadhi vimarsanangal athu prakadippichu (udha.jii., seymar martin lip settu). athinaal, praadeshika vidagdhar vikasippicha ulkkaazhchakale valia thothil avaganikkunna vidhathil raashtreeyathinte oru pothu sidhaantham nalkaan thaarathamya raashtreeyam shramicha oru samayat, koliyarinte "puthiya svechaadhipathyam" oru badal nalki, ithu eriya padanangal srishtiparamaaya sidhaanthathinte oru sthalamaakaamennu theliyikkunnu. thathfalamaayi, "laattin amerikkayile puthiya svechaadhipathyam" deseeya rashtreeya bharanakoodangalekkurichulla saahithyathilum laattin amerikkayile raashtreeyathekkurichu padanatthilum oru naazhikakkallaayirunnu, eee mekhalayile ettavum udharicha rashtreeya shaasthra grandhangalilonnaanithu.
"rashtreeya mekhala roopappeduthuka". "
oru pathittaandilereyaayi nadanna gaveshanathinte falamaaya laattin amerikkayekkurichulla koliyarinte ettavum vyapakamaaya kruthi, "rashtreeya mekhalaye roopappeduthuka nirnaayaka gattangal, thozhil prasthaanam, laattin amerikkayile bharana chalanathmakatha" (1991), rooth berrins koliyarumaayi sahakarichu rachikkapettu. eee pradhana kruthi rund adisthaana saidhaanthika sambhavanakal nalkunnu. aadyathethu (eiii) nirnaayaka gattangal, thannirikkunna raajyangalude charithratthilo mattu rashtreeya unitukalilo nirnayakamaaya maattatthinte kaalaghattangal, vyathirikthamaya paarambaryangal avasheshippikkumennu anumaanikkappedunna kaalaghattangal, (bii) nirnaayaka ghattangalil ninnu uthbhavikkunnathum parimithappeduthunnathumaa maattatthinte paathakale aasrayikkal ennivayumaayi bandhapetta aashayangalekkurichaan. oru ardhathil iva puthiya aashayangalaayirunnilla. rashtreeya mekhalaye roopappeduthunnathinte" savisheshamaaya sambhavana eee aashayangale thaarathamya raashtreeyathile gaveshanathinu nerittu prasakthamaaya shradhaapoorvvam roopappeduthiya oru maathrkayaakki maattuka ennathaayirunnu; thudarnnu laattin american kesukalil eee maathrkayude oru majistretteeriyal prayogam vaagdaanam cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu. nirnaayaka ghattangaludeyum paatha aashrithathvathinteyum ettavum chittayaya roopeekaranangalilum prayogangalilum onnaaya eee pusthakam aadyathethum ippozhum nilanilkkunnu. rashtreeya bharanagal muthal janadhipathyam vare party samvidaanangal vareyulla pradhana rashtreeya phalangalil nirnnayakamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiyekkaavunna charitra sambhavangalekkurichum vazhithirivukalekkurich nilaninnirunna ellah samshayangalum athu bodhyappeduthikkondu illaathaakki. koliyarinte sambhavanayude shaashvathamaaya phalam pala tharatthil vyakthamaan. thaarathamya rashtreeya mekhalayile mattu gaveshakarkk collier prachodanamaayi (udha.jii., kathleen thelen, pooll piyezhsan, deborah jeey. yasher jaims mahoni) rashtreeya ramgathe roopappeduthunnathil avatharippikkunna maathrkaye mikacha reethiyil chittappeduthunnathinum kooduthal vikasippikkunnathinum."mathramalla, nirnaayaka ghattangaleyum paathaye aasrayikkunnathineyum kurichulla koliyarinte pradhana aashayangale aakarshikkunna prayogangal rashtreeya shaasthrathinappuram saambathikashaasthrathil pookunnu.
rashtreeya mekhalaye roopappeduthunnathinte" randaamathe saidhaanthika sambhavana laattin american rashtreeyathekkurichaanu. ekkaaryathil, rashtreeya mekhalaye roopappeduthunnathu, deseeya rashtreeya sthaapanangalil thozhilaallikale ulppeduthiya reethi oru raajyathinte party samvidaanathinteyum rashtreeya bharanakoodangaludeyum thudarnnulla parinaamatthil engane valuthum nilanilkkunnathumaaya swaadheenam cheluthunnuvennu kaanichu. ethirvashathu, thozhilaallikalude punk kooduthalaayirunnappol, athu kooduthal pankedutthappol, thathfalamaayundaaya rashtreeya bharanam kooduthal sthirathayullathaayirunnu. naalu jody thaarathamyangale aasrayichulla anchu pathittaandinidayilulla ettu raajyangalude abhilasha charitraparamaaya thaarathamya vishakalanathiloodeyaanu eee vaadam parishodhikkappettath. ettavum vivaadaparamaaya jodikalilonnu brazil chilyum aayirunnu; eee jodiye niravadhi laattin amerikkakkarum laattin amerikkayile thozhil vidagtharum chodyam cheythu. ennirunnaalum, thirinjunokkumbol, eee thiranjeduppu theliyikkapettu. raashtreeyavum saambathikavumaaya vikasanavumayi bandhappett brazil chilyum oru pothu paathayude udaaharanamaayi kaanunnath ippol saadhaaranamaayirikkunnu. churukkatthil, "rashtreeya mekhalaye roopappeduthunnathu" oru nirnaayaka ghattathinteyum paatha aashrithathva maathrkayudeyum vishadeekaranathiloode oru pradhana saidhaanthika sambhavana nalkunnu, koodaathe thaarathamya-charitra vishakalana paarambaryatthil laattin amerikkayekkurichulla ettavum abhilaashavum chittayumulla kruthiyaayi nilakollunnu.
reethishaasthram.
koliyarinte pravartthanatthinte randaamathe bhagam reethishaasthrathil shradha kendreekarikkunnu, athil collier karsanamaaya gunaparamaaya gaveshanathinulla maanadandangal nischayikkunnathil shradha kendreekarikkunnu, athupole gunaparavum alavum samyojippikkunna multy-methed varkkum. saamoohika anweshanam punarchinthanam cheyyuka vaividhyamaarnna upakaranangal, pankitta maanadandangal" (2004/2010), "ooksfoord handbook oof polittikkal methadology" (2008) ennivayaanu reethishaasthrathekkurichu koliyarinte pradhana prasidheekaranangal.
ashayangalum typologykalum.
oru pradhana sambhavana rashtreeya shaasthra gaveshanathile aashayangalude kendreekaranavum aashaya roopeekaranathinteyum aashayaparamaaya maattathinteyum reethishaasthraparamaaya prasnangalumaanu. jiovanni sarthori paarambaryam vipuleekarikkunna collier savisheshavum yadhaarthavumaaya sambhavanakal nalkunnu. democracy vithu adgavives" (saha rachayithaav, "waled politiks" 1997) enna thante pusthakatthil, aashayangalude vishakalanam engane mahathaaya aashayaparamaaya naveekaranatthinte savisheshathakalaaya gaveshanathinu kramam konduvaraan sahaayikkumenn collier kaanikkunnu, pakshe orupakshe aashayaparamaaya takarar athishayippikkunnilla. prathyekichum, eee aashayathinte vyakthamaaya verthirivum athinte aantharika gadanayilekkulla shradhayum badal ardhangal vyakthamaakkunnathengane athuvazhi arivu uthppaadippikkunnathinum shekharikkunnathinum addeham thudarchayaayi sambhavana cheiyunnathenganeyennum addeham kaanikkunnu.
typologykalil shradha kendreekarichukondu collier rashtreeya shaasthrathinum oru pradhana sambhavana nalkiyittundu. typologykal, shradhaapoorvvam chittayayi upayogikkumbol, adisthaanaparamaaya gaveshanathile pradhana ashayangal roopappeduthaan sahayikkumennum sidhaantham nalkunnathinulla oru avashya upakaranamaanennum collier kaanikkunnu. koodaathe, aashayavalkkaranathekkurichulla theerumaanangal alaveduppine engane baadhikkunnuvenn vividha prasidheekaranangalil collier kaanichittundu, koodaathe soochakangalude thiranjeduppum alaveduppinte thalangal sambandhicha theerumaanangalum (udha.jii., ashayam dvigunithamaayo shreneekrithamaayo pravarthanakshamamaakkiyidu). koliyarinte ashayangal orumichu, aashaya vishakalanathe rashtreeya shaasthra gaveshanathile oru kendra velluviliyaayi kaanunnathinum eee velluvili neridunnathinulla reethishaasthra upakaranangalekkurich anivaryamaaya oru guide nalkunnathinum sakthamaaya oru prasthavana nalkunnu.
kaaryakaarana nigamanavum gunaparamaaya gaveshanavum.
koliyarinte mattoru kendra sambhavana kaaryakaarana nigamanathinulla gunaparamaaya upakaranangalumayi bandhappettathaan. ivide, prakriyayude kandethalinekkurichulla ashayangal kooduthal surakshithamaaya aditharayil vaykkuka, gunaparamaaya kaaryakaarana nigamanathinulla nadapadikramangal krodeekarikkuka ennivayaanu koliyarinte pravartthanatthinte kendra oonnalukal. saamoohika anweshanathekkurichu punarchinthanam vaividhyamaarnna upakaranangal, pankitta maanadandangal" (1st. edii. 2004, randaam. edii. 2010, henry bradyumaayi sahasamyojanam), pramukha jenalukalile lekhanangalil, kaaryakaarana nigamanathinu stattistikkal upakaranangal ellaayppozhum kooduthal shakthamaanenna parambaraagatha kaazhchappaadine velluvilikkunnu. ettavum vyakthamaayi paranjaal, gunaparamaaya gaveshakarkk avarude alavilulla athiraalikale apekshichu yadhaarthathil oru nettamundennu collier sakthamaaya oru cases undaakkunnu. gunaparamaaya vishakalanathile "kaaryakaarana-prakriya nireekshanangalil" shradha kendreekarikkunnathil ninnaan eee nettam undaakunnath. sandarbhatheyum samvidaanangaleyum kurichulla vivarangal nalkunnathum kaaryakaarana nigamanangal undakkunnathil vyathirikthamaya swaadheenam nalkunnathumaaya daattayude bhagangalaayi ivaye nirvachikkaam. eee kruthiyil, aashayangalekkurichulla thante pravarthanatthilennapole, gunaparamaaya gaveshakar abhimukeekarikkunna onniladhikam velluvilikalilekku shradha aakarshikkunnathiloode gunaparamaaya gaveshanam engane mechappeduthaamennu paryavekshanam cheiyunnathil collier atheeva shradha cheluthiyittundu. ennaal alavum gunavum sambandhicha gaveshakar bhayappeduthunna reethishaasthraparamaaya velluvilikal neridunnundennum ithinu alavum gunaparavumaya reethikalude shakthiyum balaheenatayum kooduthal thulyamaayi vilayiruthendathundenum collier oonnipparanju.
alavilum gunaparamayum gaveshakar abhimukeekarikkunna pankitta velluvilikale amgeekarikkunnathil ninnu uthbhavikkunna koliyarinte pravartthanatthinte mattoru disha multy-methed thanthrangalude paryaveshanamaanu. parambaraagatha reethishaasthraparamaaya athirukalkkapuram neengaanulla koliyarinte sramangal "saamoohika anweshanathekkurichu punarchinthikkunnathilum" "ooksfoord handbook oof polittikkal methadology" (2008, jaanett emm. boxes-stephensmear henry iii. brady).

