bokkej

vadakkan france, thekkan englandu, ireland, netherlands, vadakkan jarmmani ennivayude bhaagangalude savisheshathayulla mishrita vanapradeshangaludeyum mechilppurangaludeyum bhoopradesamaanu bokkej (,).
"bokkej" ennathu oru cheria vanam, elakalude alankaara ghadakam, allengil oru tharam avashishtangal ennivaye soochippikkaam, ithu poonthotta alankaaravumaayi bandhappett "grameena" enna engleesh upayogavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaam. alankaara kalakalil, prathyekichu porsalainil, ithu roopangalkku mukalilum pinnilum vyaapichukidakkunna oru elapozhiyum screenine soochippikkunnu. bhookhandaakrithiyilulla roopangalil kaanappedunnundengilum, pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathil aarambhich, prathyekichu chelsey porsalainil, pinneedu kooduthal vilakuranja staffordshire manpaathra roopangalilekku vyaapichukond ithu oru engleesh savisheshathayaanu. 
engleeshil, "bokej" ennathu mishrita vanapradeshangaludeyum mechilppurangaludeyum bhoopradeshathe soochippikkunnu, vayalukalum valanja naadan paathakalum idungiya thaazhnna malanirakalkum theerangalkkum idayil mungikkidakkunnu, kaatt thakarkkukayum drishyaparatha parimithappedutthukayum cheiyunna uyaramulla kattiyulla velikal ithinu mukalilundu. thekkan englandinte pala bhagangalilum kaanapedunna tharatthilulla bhooprakrithiyaanithu, udaaharanathinu devon hedge, cornish hedge. ennirunnaalum, englandil pothuvaaya upayogathekkaal saankethikavidyayilaanu eee padam kooduthalaayi kaanappedunnath. fraansil eee padam kooduthal pothuvaayi upayogikkunnu, prathyekichu normandiyil, samanamaaya ardhathode. fraansile bokkej bhooprakrithi pradhaanamaayum normandi, brittani, lloyer thaazhvarayude chila bhagangal ennivayil parimithappedutthiyirikku.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
"bokkej" ennathu pazhaya norman "boskej" (anglo-norman "boskej", pazhaya franch "boshej"), pazhaya franch root "bosk" ("wood")> aadhunika franch "bois" ("wood") sii. eph. ennivayil ninnu vanna oru norman padamaanu. madhyakala laattin "boscus" (eiii. dii. 704-ll aadyamaayi paraamarshichathu). norman sthalanaamangal parambaraagathamaayi allengil ucharikkunna "bosk-", "-bosk", "bosk-" enningane nilanirthunnu. -praayam" enna prathyayam "oru pothuvaaya kaaryam" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu. boskej" roopam engleeshil "marangalo kuttichedikalo valarthunnathinum; oru katta, thottam; maramkondulla valarcha", koodaathe pathinettaam noottaandile porsalainil kaanapedunna shaakhakalum elakalum allengil ila alankaaravum anukarikkunna alankaara roopakalppanaye soochippikkaan upayogichu; irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkam muthal ithine saadhaaranayaayi "bokej" ennu vilikkunnu. scandinavian bhashayilum samanamaaya vaakkukal kaanapedunnu (sii. eph. sweedish "buskaj"; danish "buskeds"), mattu jarmman bhashakal (sii. eph. dutch "booas", "boshag"); yadhaartha root proto-germanic "* bosk-" aanennu karuthappedunnu. pathinettaam noottaandile romaantisisathinte swaadheenathil "boskej" roopam athinte ardham vikasippichathayi thonnunnu.
1934-leeii "noview pettitt laaraus" "bokkejine" oru "boskett", oru cheria thadi, sammathathode nizhalulla thadi ", oru" boskett "ennivaye" oru cheria thadi, marangalude koottam "enningane nirvachichu. 2006 aayappozhekkum, "pettitt laaraus" enna nirvachanam "(norman vaakk) pradeshamaayi maari, avide vayalukalum pulmedukalum velikaloo marangalude varikaloo vahikkunna bhoumatheerangalaal chuttappettirikkunnu, koodaathe vaasasthalam saadhaaranayaayi krishiyidangalilum kugraamangalilum chitharikkidakkunnu."
charitraparamaaya punk.
englandu.
thekkukizhakkan englandil, eee bhooprakrithiyumaayi poruthappedaattha oru avashishta mannu undaayirunnittum, thuranna vayalukalude chuttupaadukalude chalanatthinte falamaayi oru bokkej undaayi.
pathinezhaam noottaandil englandu oru abhilasha kadal nayam vikasippichu. akkaalathe engleesh gothambinekkaal vilakuranja russian gothambinte irakkumathiyaayirunnu ithinte falangalilonnu.
bokkej graamapradesangalil saadhaarana kaanapedunna chuttupaadukal aaduvalarthalinum parimithamaaya engleesh dhaanya ulppaadanathinum anukoolamaayirunnu, eee nayatthinte anantharafalamaayi grameena palayanam vardhippikkukayum vyaavasaayika viplavathe thwarithappeduthukayum cheythu.
kaarshika thozhilaallikalude micham faaktarikalil jolie cheiyunnathinaayi nagarangalilekku kudiyeri.
saadhaarana.
normandiyil, franch viplavakaalath bokkej chounariyil oru prathyeka praadhaanyam nedi.
randaam lokamahaayudhathile normandi yudhathilum bokkej praadhaanyamarhichirunnu, kaaranam ithu jarmman prathirodhakare neridaan budhimuttaayirunnu. jalasechana kuzhikalkoppam purathana azhukkukalude nirakalaal vibhajikkappettirunna bhoomiyude plottukal; eee azhukk kunnukalile kattiyulla sasyangalkk pathinaar adii vare uyaramulla mathilukal srishtikkaan kazhiyum. yudhabhoomiyile oru saadhaarana chathurashra mylil noorukanakkinu kramarahithamaya velikal adangiyirikkaam.
ithinu marupadiyaayi, bokkej murikkunna parishkkaranangal gadippicha "kaandaamriga taankukal" vikasippichu. american udyogasthare saadhaaranayaayi "bokkej" ennu vilikkunnathu "headjeros" ennaanu. kottenttin upadveepilum seyint-loow pattanatthinum chuttum american sainyathe thadayaan sakthamaaya pooyintukalum prathirodhavum nadappilakkaan jarmman sainyam mungiya paathakalum upayogichu.
ireland.
thaazhnna irelandile mikkavarum ellah pradeshangalum bokkej bhooprakrithiyude savisheshathayaanu, ithu idaya krishiyude anantharafalamaanu, ithinu attin koottangalude paripaalanathinu chuttupaadukal aavasyamaanu. irelandinte ekadesham 5 sathamaanam bhoopradesam velikal, vayal mathilukal, shelterbeltukal ennivaykkaayi neekkivachirikkunnu. kooduthal phalabhooyishtamaaya pradeshangalil iva saadhaaranayaayi mantheerangal ulkkollunnu, avaa marangalum kuttichedikalum nattupidippichatho kolanivalkkarichatho aanu; vanapradeshangal kuravo illayo aanenkilppolum eee sasyangalkk vanapradeshathinte bhavam nalkaan kazhiyum. ireland phalatthil prakrithidatha vanapradeshangal illaatha kaalaghattamaaya 18-aamm noottaandinteyum 19-aamm noottaandinteyum avasaanathilaanu eee velippalakakalude reethi pradhaanamaayum sthaapikkappettathu. aadhunika theevramaaya krishi velikal neekkam cheythukondu vayalinte valuppam vardhippikkaan pravanatha kaanikkunnu, eee pravanatha varshangalayi europian yooniyante pothu kaarshika nayam prolsaahippikkukayum aduthide europian yooniyante kaarshika nayangal vanyajeevi aavaasavyavasthayude samrakshanathe anukoolikkukayum cheythu.

