
niniyan steefan

1982 muthal 1989 vare oostreliyayude 20-aamath govarnor generalayi sevanamanushticha engleeshil janicha australian jadjiyaayirunnu sarr niniyan martin steefan (15 juun 1923-29 october 2017). munbu 1972 muthal 1982 vare australian haikkodathiyude jadjiyaayirunnu.
scotish maathaapithaakkalkk englandilaanu steefan janichathu. kuttikkaalathu addeham france, jarmmani, scotland, swittsarland ennividangalil kurachukaalam thaamasikkukayum oduvil 16-aamm vayassil austreliyayil athukayum cheythu. steefan randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu australian sainyathil sevanamanushtikkukayum yudhaanantharam niyama thozhilil praveshikkukayum cheythu. australiyayile pramukha bharanaghadanaa abhibhashakariloraalaayi addeham maari. 1970ll victoriyayile supreme kodathiyilekkum pinneedu 1972ll 48-aamm vayassil haikkodathiyilekkum steefan niyamikkapettu. addeham kodathiyude "mitavaada kendra" thile amgamaayi kanakkakkappettu. 1982ll malcom fraasarinte shupaarshaprakaaram steefane govarnor generalayi niyamichu. adhikaarathilirunna kaalath addeham rund eratta pirichuvidalukalkku amgeekaaram nalki, angane cheytha eaka govarnor general. kaalavadhi kazhinjathinushesham, steefan oru samrakshanavaadiyaayum vividha anthaaraashtra tribunalukalile amgamaayum pothujeevithatthil sajeevamaayi thudarnnu. 94-aamm vayassil addeham antharichu, ithu addehathe oostreliyayude ettavum kooduthal kaalam jeevicha govarnor generalakki.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
englandile ooksfordshayarile nettilbedil scotish maathaapithaakkalaaya barbera (nee crookshank), frederic braun steefan ennivarude makalaayi steefan janichu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathile driver kozhi karshakan motor saikkil koriyarumaaya pithaav, janichathinu thottupinnaale kudumbam upekshichu kaanadayilekk kudiyeri oru puthiya kudumbam aarambhichu; makan marichuvennum 2003 vare sathyam arinjittillennum addehathodu parayapettu. steefante amma, munbu oru sthreeyude velakkaariyaayirunna queensland idayakkaari graham mailinte sambannayaaya anantharaavakaashiyaaya nina mailinte shambalamulla koottaaliyaayirunnu; addehathinte peru avarude bahumaanaartham nalkiyirunnu. kuttikkaalathu, avar moonnu perum swittsarland (jineeva, montrox), france (paarees, kaans, sent-kaast-leeii-gildo), jarmmani (wiesbadden) ennividangalil thaamasichu, avide mailne addehathe 1938 leeii reachspartitag grosdutiolandinaayi (5-12 septambar) neurembergilekku kondupoyi. steefanu aupachaarika school vidyaabhyaasam aarambikkaan kazhiyunnathinayi avar oduvil 1929-ll edinbergilekku maari.
scotland (jorjju vaatsans koleju, eddinberg akkadami), lunden (sent pools school), swittsarland (chillan koleju, montrex) ennividangalil nadanna steefante vidyaabhyaasathinu mailne panam nalki. adhehavum mailneyum saadhaaranayaayi orumichu yaatra cheyyukayum amma skotlandil thudarukayum oru boarding house nadathukayum cheythu. 1940-ll, yuddham ozhivakkaan moovarum melbornilekku thamasam maari, aadyam ooriyantal hotelil book cheyyukayum pinneedu scoach colleginu athirvashathulla lyndon haalil oru phlait edukkukayum cheythu, athu pinneedu steefan rund thavana padikkukayum pinneedu melbone sarvakalashaalayil niyamam padikkaan sweekarikkappedukayum cheythu.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
1941 desemberil, sarvakalaashaalayile thante onnaam varsham avasaanichathinethudarnnu, melbone yooniversitti rejimentil part time sevanathinaayi steefan pouranmaarude sainika senayil chernnu. randaam lokamahaayudhathilekkal jappaante praveshanathetthudarnnu, steefan 1941 desember 8 muthal 1942 februvari 15 vare muzhuvan samaya sainika pariseelanam poortthiyaakki, thudarnnu padinjaaran austreliyayil sevanamanushtikkunna pathaamatthe feeld rejimentaaya royal australian peerankiyil niyamikkapettu. pinneedu addeham randaamathe australian saamraajyathva senayilekku maari. 1943 avasaanathode steefan royal australian enchineeyarmaarilekku maari, 1944 epril muthal august vare 43-aamath australian vaattar transport kambaniyumaayi nyoo giniyayil sevanamanushtichu. thudarnnu addeham kozhsukalil chernnu, 1945 eprilil oru commissioning kozhsil avasaanichu. leftanantaayi addeham nyoo giniyayileyum nyoo brittanileyum 41-aamath australian landing kraaft kambaniyil sevanamanushtichu. 1945 augustil addeham borneoyile labuvanil niyamikkappedukayum yuddham avasaanichathinusesham 1946 januvari vare avide sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu. oostreliyayilekku madangiyethiya sesham 1946 februvari 5 nuu addehathe discharge cheythu.
niyamaparamaaya thozhil.
yuddham avasaanichathinusesham steefan thante patanam poortthiyaakki, 1949-ll victorian baaril praveshippikkappettu. 1960-kalode addeham australiyayile pramukha bharanaghadanaa, vaanijya abhibhashakariloraalaayi. 1966ll addehathe raajnjiyude upadeshtaavaayi niyamichu.
judicial currier.
1970 juun 30nuu steefan victoriyayile supreme kodathi jadjiyaayi niyamithanaayi. 1972 februvari 29 vare addeham eee sthaanam vahikkukayum australian haikkodathiyude justice enna nilayil thante niyamanam ettedukkunnathinaayi athu upekshikkukayum cheythu. 1979ll yunaittad kingdatthile privy kaunsilil sathyaprathinja cheyyukayum athinte judicial kammitti amgamaayi irikkukayum cheythu.
steefane oru liberal gavanment haikkodathiyilekku niyamichenkilum, samsthaanangalude avakashangal samrakshikkunna parambaraagatha yaadhaasthithikanallennu addeham theliyichu. sarr garfield baarvikkinte yaadhaasthithikathayum lionel marfiyude theevravaadavum thammilulla kottaaratthinte "mithamaaya kendratthil" addeham chernnu. 1982ll "coowarta vii belke-peettezhsan" kesil australian bharanaghadanayude "videshakaarya adhikaarathe" kurichu vishalamaaya vyaakhyaanam nalkaan theerumaanicha bhooripakshathinte bhaagamaayirunnu addeham.
govarnor general.
sarr selman kovante pingamiyaayi oostreliyayude govarnor generalayi niyamikkanulla sarr niniyan steefante shupaarsha elisabath raajnji randaaman amgeekarichathaayi 1982 maarchil pradhaanamantri malcom fraser prakhyaapichu. addehathinte niyamanam raashtreeyathinte irubhaagavum prashamsichu. 1931ll sarr isak isaxinu sesham govarnor generalaya aadya muun haikodathi jadjiyaayi 1982 juulai 29nuu addeham sathyaprathinja cheythu. 1983ll bob hockinte keezhil laber party fraasarine paraajayappedutthiyappol steefanu oru laber gavanmentinoppam pravartthikkaan budhimuttundaayirunnilu. 1987ll vyakthiparamaaya bahumaanatthinte adayaalamaayum bill hedane (hoock aaa sthaanathinu vaagdaanam nalkiyirunna) thaan thiranjeduttha samayat raashtreeyam vidaan anuvadikkunnathinum addehathinte kaalavadhi 18 maasam neetti. 1983ll (fraasarinaayi), 1987ll (hokkinaayi) enningane rund eratta pirichuvidalukalkku amgeekaaram nalkia eaka govarnor generalaanu steefan.
pinneedu jolie.
1989-ll steefan paristhithikkaayulla oostreliyayude aadya ambaasadaraayi, thante moonnu varshathe bharanakaalathu antaarttikkayile khananam nirodhikkunnathinaayi pravartthikkunnathil prathyekichum oorjjaswalanaayirunnu. 1990-ll addeham hobart aasthaanamaayulla australian antartic foundeshante chairmaanaayi, thudarnnu 1991-leeii bharanaghadanaa shatabdi sammelanathethudarnnu sthaapithamaaya melbone aasthaanamaayulla bharanaghadanaa shatabdi foundeshante chairmaanaayi. 1991ll vadakkan ireland samadhana charchakalude randaam nirayude chairmaanaayi niyamithanaayappol addeham oru budhimutteriya chumatala etteduthu. 1991 muthal 1995 vare addeham eest timore (porchugal vii. austreliya) 1991-1995 ". 1993 muthal 1997 vare addeham yugoslaviayileyum rwandayileyum yudhakkuttangal anweshikkunna anthaaraashtra tribunalukalil jadjiyaayirunnu. 1998 muthal australian sittisanshipp kaunsilinte chairmaanaayum sevanamanushticha addeham 1994ll banglaadeshile rashtreeya samgharshangal pariharikkunnathinayi yuu. enn sekrattari generalinte prathyeka prathinidhiyayi pravarthichu.
pinneedu steefan niyamamekhalayilekku thirichupoyi, kaanadayile nikshepakanaaya mondevum america thammilulla nikshepa tharkkathil vidhi prasthaavicha uthara american swatantra vyapara karaarinte (naaftta) 11-aamm adhyaayathin keezhil roopeekaricha oru aarbitril tribunalinte presidentaayi.
steefante vishadamaaya pandithochithamaaya jeevacharitramaaya philipp ayarsinte "luckid voyejar" 2013 septambaril puratthirangi. athil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond, "victorian baar nyoos" ennathinaayulla steefante currier ires samgrahichu.
bahumathikal.
1972 epril 20 nuu "niyamathodulla vishishta sevanangalkkayi" steefane britiish saamraajyathinte oordarinte (kbe) naitt kamaandaraayi niyamikkukayum 1979 ll privy kaunsilinte sathyaprathinja cheyyukayum cheythu. govarnor general enna nilayil addehathe oostreliyayude oordarinte naitt (eke), sent maikkal, sent jorj (gcmg) oordarinte naitt grand cross, royal victorian oordarinte (gcvo) naitt grand cross enningane niyamichu. 1994ll elisabath raajnji randaaman addehathe oordar oof garter (kilogram) aayi niyamichu, australian raajaavinte vyakthiparamaaya sammaanathil naitt padavi labhicha ettavum puthiya oostreliyakkaaranaanu. athinaal anchu vyathyastha naitt padavikal kaivasham vacha asaadhaaranamaaya prathyekatha addehathinu undaayirunnu, koodaathe loard kesi, sarr pooll hasluck ennivarumaayi garter oordarile churukkam chila australian naittukalil oralaayi chernnu. 1983ll franch lejian dii oonarinte kamaandaraayi addeham thiranjedukkappettu.
1993ll newkaasttil niyamavidyaalayathil steefan aadyathe sarr niniyan steefan prabhashanam nadatthi, eee prabhaashana parambaraykku thante peru nalki.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevithavum maranavum.
1949 juunil steefan valery merii synclairine (juulai 4,1925-november 3,2019) vivaham kazhikkukayum avarkk anchu penmakkal janikkukayum cheythu. steefanum bharya australian ulnaadan botanical gaardansinte rakshaadhikaarikalaayirunnu. 2017 october 29nuu 94-aamm vayassil addeham melbonil vachu antharichu. steefante shavasamskaram november 8nuu melbonile sent pools cathedralil nadannu.

