
roobert fleming

linkaninte deenaayirunnu roobert fleming (maranam 1456).
pashchaathalam.
york roopathayil janicha roobert fleming, reponinu sameepamulla (d.1459) vaathile escueraaya roobert fleminginte niyamaviruddha makanayirikkaam. addehathinte ammayi, sessily fleming, 1407-ll, 'henry naalaamante escure valathukaikkaaranum' aaya roobert watertone vivaham kazhichu. addehathinte ammavan richard fleming (d.1431) linkon bishop ooksfoordile linkon kolejinte sthaapakanum aayirunnu.
apoornnavum poortthiyaakaathathumaaya avasthayil ammavan sthaapicha kolejile aadyakaalavumaayi addehathinu bandhamundaayirunnirikkam. enthaayaalum, eee samoohathodulla thante karuthal addeham pinneedu chila vilapetta sammaanangaliloode prakadippichu. orupakshe linkanile palliyumayi addehathinu aadyakaala bandhamundaayirunnuvennu karuthaam, ammaavante maranathinu irupathu varshathinusesham, bishop lumliyude episcopattinte keezhil, addehathe deanayi (1451) thiranjedutthu.
antharicha deane joonn maakwarthum bishop vilyam alnevic thammil nadanna deerghavum kayperiyathumaaya pooraattatthil ninnu linkon cathedral ettavum aswasthamaaya avasthayilaayirunnu. episcopal decanel shakthikalum thammilulla tharkkangal ippozhum thudarnnukondirikkumennathu samshayamilla, ithu flemingine thante cathedral upekshichu italiyil thamasikkaan prerippichirikkaam. ivideyum addehathinu thante saahitya abhiruchikal valarthiyedukkunnathinu kooduthal soukaryangal undaayirunnu. ooksfoordil svayam verthirichedukkukayum thante gambheeramaaya laattin scholarshippin prashasthi nedukayum cheythathayi leland pittukalum parayunnu.
italiyile jeevitam.
prabodhanathinaayulla addehathinte theekshnamaaya aagrahamaan italiyilekkulla addehathinte yaathraykk kaaranam. athe ezhuthukaarude abhipraayathil addeham kooduthal prashasthamaaya sarvakalashaalakal sandarshikkukayum avarude ettavum panditharaaya pandithanmarumaayi sauhrudam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. ferrarayil addeham greak, laattin professoraaya baptista gwaarinoyude sishyanaayi maarukayum ganyamaaya kaalayalavil addehathinte prabhashanangalil pankedukkukayum cheythu. thudarnnu addeham romilek pooyi, avide addeham niravadhi varshangal padanathinaayi thudarnnu. ivide addeham 'poppumaarude jeevithangal' enna grandhakaaran vaattikkan grandhakaaranumaaya plattinayumaayum mattu pandithanmarumaayum sauhrudam sthaapikkukayum, bharanakarthaavaaya sixtus IV enna maarppaappaykk ariyappedukayum cheythu. sixtus marpappa flemingine prothonotery offeesilekku niyamichu, angane addeham roman seeyude sankeernamaaya kaaryangalil jolie cheythu. venalkkaalath, choodukaalatthu, thivoliyilekku pinvaangunnath addehathinte aachaaramaayirunnu, ivide addeham veerochithamaaya swarathil ezhuthukayum maarppaappaykk samarppikkukayum cheytha thante kavithakal rachichu.
paarambaryamaayi.
eee kavithakalude thalakketta 'lucubrations tibertine'.2.' vividha vishayangalkk upadesham nalkuka.3.' carmina diversey janaris.eee flemmingin purame greak, laattin bhaashakalude oru nighandu samaharichathaayi parayappedunnu, ennaal ithu italiyile pravaasathinidayilo englandilekku madangiyethiya sheshamo ezhuthappettathaano ennu kanunnilla. mattu kruthikal (vyakthamaakkaatha) addehathintethaanu. italiyil ninnu madangiyethiya flemming, linkon collegil kauthukathode prakaashippichathum maram kondu 'swarnam kondu avarude arikukalil lind cheytha' chila vilayeriya kayyezhuthuprathikal sammaanichu, avaa orupakshe ippozhum aaa kolejile kayyezhuthuprathi shekharangalil kandethaanund. addeham swantham kruthikalude koleju pakarppukalum koleju chaappalile uyarnna balipeetathinaayulla oru meshayum nalki. 1467nuu munbu addeham englandilekku madangiyethiyirikkaam, aaa varsham addehathe linkon cathedralile laittan menarinte munvashath sthaapichu. ithu addeham 1478-ll laittan basardinu kaimari. linkon deane enna nilayil addeham nadatthiya pravarthanangalekkurichu prathyeka rekhakalonnum illa. addehathinte mungami pingami avarude prakshubdhathaykku shradheyamaayirunnu. ennaal 1501-leeii sandarshana velayil linkon cathedralil sixtus marpappayude dhaaraalam vitharanangal nilavilundennu kandethiyathin kaaranam aaa maarppaappayumaayulla fleminginte swaadheenamaayirikkaam. 1483ll addeham marichu.

