phayal sisttam vighadanam

computingil, phayal sisttam fragmentation, chilappol phayal sisttam aging ennu vilikkunnu, fayalukalude ulladakkangal avayude ulladakkathil maattam varuthaan anuvadikkunnathinu thudarchayaayi fayalukalude ulladakkangal thayyarakkanulla oru phayal sisttathinte pravanathayaanu. ithu daatta fraagmenteshante oru prathyeka kesaanu. phayal sisttam vighadanam negatteevu efakttukal spinning storeju mediayil samayam thedunnu, ithu throoputtine thadassappeduthumennu ariyappedunnu. fayalukalum swatantra sthalavum thudarnnulla pradeshangalilekku punakrameekarichukondu vighadanam pariharikkan kazhiyum, ithu defragmentation ennu vilikkunna oru prakriyayaan.
soolid-stettu driveukal bhouthikamaayi anweshikkunnilla, athinaal avayude noonn-sequential daatta axus chalikkunna drivukalekkaal noorukanakkinu madangu vegathayullathaanu, ithu fraagmenteshane oru prashnamallaathathaakkunnu. soolid-stettu storeju defragment cheyyaruthennu shupaarsha cheiyunnu, kaaranam ithu anaavashya raitt-irez pravarthanangaliloode driveukal akaalathil dharikkan kazhiyum.
kaaranagal.
oru paartteeshanil oru phayal sisttam aadyamaayi aarambhikkumbol, athil kurachu cheria aantharika gadanakal maathrame adangiyirikkunnulloo, allaathapaksham shoonyamaaya sthalathinte oru thudarchayaaya blokkaanu. ithinartham puthuthayi srishticha fayalukal paartteeshanil evideyum sthaapikkaan phayal systethinu kazhiyum ennaanu. srishtichathinushesham kurachu samayathekku, fayalukal yathaasamayam sthaapikkaan kazhiyum. operating sisttavum aaplikkeshanukalum instaal cheiyumbozho aarkkaivukal anpaakk cheiyumbozho, bandhapetta fayalukal parasparam aduthu sthaapikkunnathinaal vyathyastha fayalukal thudarchayaayi sambhavikkunnu.
nilavilulla fayalukal illaathaakkukayo vettimaattukayo cheyyumbol, swatantra sthalathinte puthiya pradeshangal srishtikkappedunnu. nilavilulla fayalukal cherkkumbol, phayal avasaanikkunnidathu thanne ezhuthu punaraarambhikkunnath palappozhum asaadyamaanu, kaaranam mattoru phayal ithinakam avide anuvadichittundaakam; athinaal, oru puthiya bhagam anuvadikkendathundu. samayam kadannupokumbol, athe gadakangal thudarchayaayi nilanilkkumbol, swatantra sthalavum pathivayi cherttha fayalukalum kooduthal vighadikkum. swatantra sthalathinte cheria pradeshangal ardhamaakkunnathu phayal systethinu puthiya fayalukal thudarchayaayi anuvadikkaan kazhiyillennum avaye sakalangalaayi vibhajikkendathundennum ardhamaakkunnu. phayal sisttam poornnamaakukayum valia thudar pradeshangal labhyamaakaathirikkukayum cheyyumbol ithu prathyekichum sathyamaan.
udaaharanam.
thaazhepparayunna udaaharanam sankeernamaaya oru vishayathinte lalithavalkkaranamaan. thaazhepparayunna sahacharyam pariganikkuka oru puthiya diskill a, b, c, d, e ennee anchu fayalukal aaa kramatthil thudarchayaayi save cheythittundu. oro file 10 "blokkukal" space upayogikkunnu. (ivide, blokkinte valippam pradhaanamalla.) disk sthalathinte backie oru free blokkaanu. athinaal, iii fayalinu sesham adhika fayalukal srishtikkaanum samrakshikkanum kazhiyum.
bii phayal illaathaakkukayaanenkil, patthu blokkukalude swatantra idam srishtichu disk vighadippikkappedum. shoonyamaaya idam avide veruthe vidukayum pinneedu upayogathinaayi labhyamavukayum pinneedu aavasyaanusaranam veendum upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. oru illaathaakkalinushesham phayal systethinu disk defragment cheyyaan kazhiyum, pakshe angane cheiyunnathu pravachanatheethamaaya samayangalil kadinamaaya penaltti nalkum.
ippol, ezhu blokkukal aavasyamulla eph enna puthiya phayal, munbu bii phayal kaivashamulla puthuthayi swathanthramaakkiya sthalathinte aadya ezhu blokkukalil sthaapikkaam, athinusheshamulla moonnu blokkukal labhyamakum. moonnu blokkukal maathram aavasyamulla jii enna mattoru puthiya phayal cherkkukayaanenkil, athu eph-nuu sheshavum sii-kku munbum idam pidichedukkum.
pinneedu f vipuleekarikkendathundel, athine thottupinnilulla sthalam niranjirikkunnathinaal, phayal systethinu moonnu oopshanukal undu
randaamathe oopshan orupakshe prakadana kaaranangalal apraayogikamaanu, moonnaamathethu phayal valare valuthaanenkil. puthiya phayal sookshikkaan mathiyaya valia otta thudarchayaaya swatantra idam illaathirikkumbol moonnaamathe oopshan asaadyamaanu. athinaal mattevideyengilum oru "paridhi" srishtikkukayum puthiya paridhi pazhayathil bandhippikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu saadhaarana reethi.
eph fayalinte avasaanathil cherkkunna metteeriyal athe paridhiyude bhagamaayirikkum. ennaal avasana paridikk sesham oru sthalavum labhyamallathathra metteeriyal undengil, "mattoru" vyaapthi srishtikkendathundu, thudangiyava. oduvil phayal systethinu pala sthalangalilum swatantra segmentukal undu, chila fayalukal pala bhaagangalil vyaapichukidakkaam. aaa fayalukalude (allengil ellah fayalukaludeyum) axus samayam amithamaayi neendekkaam.
aavasyam.
chila aadyakaala phayal systengalkku fayalukal vighadippikkaan kazhinjilla. atharam oru udaaharanam bbc microyil upayogichirunna akkoon dfs phayal sistamaayirunnu. fayalukal vibhajikkaanulla kazhivillaayma kaaranam, "vipuleekarikkaan kazhiyilla" enna pishak sandesham chilappol drishyamaakum, koodaathe diskinu mathiyaya idam undengilum upayokthaavin palappozhum oru phayal samrakshikkaan kazhiyilla.
dfs valare lalithamaaya oru disk ghadana upayogichu, diskile fayalukal avayude neelavum arambha sector upayogichu maathrame sthithicheyyunnulloo. ithinartham ellah fayalukalum sectorukalude thudarchayaaya blocayi nilanilkkendathundennum vighadanam saadyamallennum. mukalilulla pattikayile udaaharanam upayogichu, anchaam ghattathil phayal eph vipuleekarikkaanulla sramam "vipuleekarikkaan kazhiyilla" enna pishak sandesham ulla atharamoru sisttathil paraajayappedumaayirunnu. diskill athramaathram sthalam avasheshikkunnundenkil, daatta phayal vipuleekarikkaan athu labhyamayirunnilla.
akkaalat pishak kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla maanadandangal aadimamaayirunnu, enthaayaalum bbc microyude parimithamaaya memmariyilekku amarthia prograamukalkku pishakukal manoharamaayi kaikaaryam cheyyaan shramichu sthalam paazhaakkaan apoorvvamaayi maathrame kazhiyoo. pakaram, upayokthaav command prompttil "cand ekstendu" sandesham upayogichu svayam upekshikkukayum fayalil ithuvare cherkkenda ellah daattayum nashtappedukayum cheyyum. diskile swatantra idam munkootty parishodhichu prashnam pariharikkan kazhinjilla. diskill swatantra idam nilanilkkumenkilum, disk kaattalog avatharippicha samkhyakal vishakalanam cheyyaathe swatantra sthalathinte ettavum valia thudarchayaaya blokkinte valuppam udan prakadamaayilla, athinaal upayokthaavinte shradhayil ninnu rakshappedum. koodaathe, mikkavarum ellah dfs upayokthaakkalum munbu kaasatt phayal storeju upayogichirunnu, ithu eee pishak baadikkunnilla. oru floppy disk systethilekkulla upgraded oru chelaveria upgraded aayirunnu, koodaathe munnariyippillathe upgraded daatta nashtatthinu kaaranamaakumennath njettalundakkunnu.
tharangal.
phayal sisttam vighadanam niravadhi thalangalil sambhavikkaam
phayal vighadanam.
oru phayal onniladhikam kashanangalayi vibhajikkumbozhaanu vyakthigatha phayal vighadanam sambhavikkunnath (vyaapthi adisthaanamaakkiyulla phayal sisttangalile eksttants ennu vilikkunnu). disk phayal sisttangal vyakthigatha fayalukal thudarchayaayi sookshikkaan shramikkumbol, kaaryamaaya penaalttikal illaathe ithu palappozhum saadhyamalla. phayal sisttam check, defragmentation toolukal saadhaaranayaayi avarude "fragmentation sathamaanam" sthithivivarakkanakkil phayal fragmentation maathrame kanakkaakkunnulloo.
swatantra idam vighadanam.
puthiya fayalukaloo mettaadaattayo ezhuthaan kazhiyunna phayal sisttathinte upayogikkaatha niravadhi mekhalakal undaakumbozhaanu swatantra (alokkettu cheyyaatha) space fragmentation sambhavikkunnath. anaavashya swatantra ida sakalangal saadhaaranayaayi fayalukal illaathaakkukayo murikkukayo cheiyunnathaanu, ennaal aduthulla fayalukal vipuleekarikkaan sahaayikkunnathin phayal sisttangal manahpoorvvam swatantra sthalathinte sakalangal ("kumilakal") cherkkukayum cheyyaam (thaazhe sakalangal thadayunnathu kaanuka).
phayal chitharunnu.
bandhapetta phayal fragmentation allengil aaplikkeshan level (phayal) fragmentation ennum vilikkunna phayal segmenteshan, bandhapetta fayalukalkkidayil referencinte sthaanathinte abhaavathe (sambharana maadhyamathinullil) soochippikkunnu (kooduthal vishadaamshangalkku phayal sequence kaanuka). muun rund tharam fraagmenteshanukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, phayal scattering valare avyakthamaaya oru aashayamaanu, kaaranam ithu nirddishta aaplikkeshanukalude axus paattenine valareyadhikam aasrayichirikkunnu. ithu vasthunishtamaayi alakkukayo kanakkaakkukayo cheiyunnathu valare budhimuttaanu. ennirunnaalum, secondil labhyamaya disk throoputtumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ettavum kooduthal axus cheyyappedunna fayalukal cheruthaayirikkumenn padanangal kandethiyathinal ithu ettavum nirnayakamaaya tharam vighadanamaanu.
bandhapetta phayal vighadanam ozhivaakkaanum referencinte sthaanam mechappeduthaanum (eee saahacharyathil "phayal contigvity" ennu vilikkunnu), aaplikkeshanukalude pravarthanathekkurichu anumaanangalo sajeeva nireekshanangalo nadathendathundu. cheria fayalukal orotta directoricullil orumichu sookshikkukayum avaa swaabhaavika phayal sisttam kramatthil sthaapikkukayum cheiyunnathu moolyavathaanennu valare pathivayi anumaanikkappedunnu. ithu palappozhum nyayamaaya oru anumaanamaanengilum, athu ellaayppozhum nilanilkunnilla. udaaharanathinu, oru aaplikkeshan niravadhi vyathyastha fayalukal vaayichekkaam, orupakshe vyathyastha dayaraktarikalil, avaa ezhuthiya athe kramatthil. athinaal, ellah ezhuthukalum thudarchayaayi oordar cheiyunna oru phayal sisttam, thannirikkunna aaplikkeshanil vegathil pravarthichekkaam.
daatta gadanayude vighadanam.
oru phayal sisttam thanne upayogikkunna catalogukalo soochikakalo kaalakramena vighadippikkappedaam, kaaranam avayil adangiyirikkunna entrikal srishtikkukayo maattukayo illaathaakkukayo cheiyunnu. oru vooliyam cheria fayalukal kondu niraykkunnathinekkaal valare cheria fayalukal volyathil adangiyirikkumbol ithu kooduthal aashankaajanakamaanu. prathyeka phayal sisttam roopakalppanaye aashrayich, aaa fayalukaliloo pradeshangalilo nilanirthunna yadhaartha daatta recordukalude eathenkilum sakalam pariganikkathe, aaa daatta adangiyirikkunna fayalukaloo pradeshangalo vighadippichekkaam ('saadhaarana' fayalukalkkaayi mukalil vivarichathupole).
chila phayal systengalkku (enn. tii. eph. ezz, echu. eph. ezz/echu. eph. ezz plus polullava), eee daatta opttimais cheiyunnathinu aavashyamaaya kompaakshan/sorting/kompaakshan phayal sisttam upayogathilaayirikkum eluppathil sambhavikkaan kazhiyilla.
prathikoola prathyaaghaathangal.
phayal sisttangal saadhaaranayaayi sthaapikkunna thudarchayaaya axus vegathayum bhramana latensiyum (oru paridhivare samayam theduka) thammilulla vardhichuvarunna asamathvam kaaranam upabhokthru-grade haard disk driveukalil phayal sisttam vighadanam kooduthal prasnakaramaanu. athinaal, phayal sisttam gaveshanathilum roopakalppanayilum vighadanam oru pradhana prasnamaanu. fragmentation niyanthrikkunnath phayal sisttathinte oonn-disk formaattine mathramalla, athinte nadappakkalineyum valareyadhikam aasrayichirikkunnu. mechanical seekk time illaathathinaal phayal sisttam fragmentation soolid-stettu driveukalil kuranja prakadana swaadheenamaanu cheluthunnathu. ennirunnaalum, fayalinte oro thudarchayillaatha bhaagathinum phayal sisttam adhika mettaadaatta sambharikkendathundu. mettaadaattayude oro bhaagavum sthalam ulkkollunnu, koodaathe prosessing shakthiyum prosessor samayavum aavasyamaanu. paramavadhi vighadana paridhi ethiyaal, ezhuthu abhyarthanakal parajayappedum.
lalithamaaya phayal sisttam maanadandangalil, fragmentation ghadakam palappozhum ozhivaakkappedunnu, kaaranam yaadhaarthyabodhamulla vaardhakyavum fragmentation maathrkayaakkaan prayaasamaan. pakaram, thaarathamyathinte laalithyathinaayi, phayal sisttam maanadandangal palappozhum shoonyamaaya phayal sisttangalil pravarthippikkunnu. athinaal, phalangal yadhaartha jeevita axus paattenukalil ninnu valareyadhikam vyathyaasappedaam.
laghookaranam.
vighadanathinethire pooraadunnathinu niravadhi saankethikavidyakal vikasippichittund. avaye saadhaaranayaayi rund vibhagangalaayi tharamthirikkaam "premptive", "retro active". axus paattenukal pravachikkunnathinulla budhimuttu kaaranam eee saankethikavidyakal mikkappozhum huristic swabhaavamullavayaanu, koodaathe apratheekshithamaya jolibhaarathil prakadanatthe tharamthaazhthiyekkaam.
vighadippikkal thadayunnu.
diskile daatta ezhuthumbol fragmentation ettavum kuranja reethiyil nilanirthaan premptive teknikkukal shramikkunnu. oru puthiya bhaagathekku puthiya blokkukal anuvadikkunnathinupakaram, saadhyamaakunnidathellaam nilavilulla oru bhaagathilekku daatta cherkkuka ennathaanu ettavum lalitham.
innathe pala phayal sisttangalum sajeevamaayi cherttha fayalukalilekku ekstents ennu vilikkunna neelamulla bhagangal allengil vividha swatantra sthala shakalangalil ninnulla bhagangal munkootty anuvadikkaan shramikkunnu. niravadhi fayalukal oresamayam cherkkumbol ithu phayal vighadanam ozhivaakkunnu, angane avaa amithamaayi parasparam bandhippikkunnath ozhivaakkunnu.
parishkkaranatthinu vidheyamaaya oru fayalinte anthima valuppam ariyaamenkil, muzhuvan fileinum sambharanam munkootty neekkivachekkaam. udaaharanathinu, microsopht windos swaapp phayal (peju phayal) saadhaarana pravartthanatthil chalanathmakamaayi valuppam maattaan kazhiyum, athinaal ithu valare vighadippichekkaam. ore kuranjathum paramavadhi valuppamullathumaya oru peju phayal vyakthamaakkunnathiloodeya muzhuvan file phalapradamaayi munkootty neekkamcheyyunnathiloodey ithu thadayaan kazhiyum.
bittodarantum mattu piyar-tuu-piyar phayal sharing aaplikkeshanukalum daunlodukal aarambhikkumbol oru fayalinu aavashyamaaya muzhuvan sthalavum munkootty neekkivachukondu vighadanam parimithappedutthunnu.
thaarathamyena sameepakaala saankethikavidya xfs, hfs +, zfs ennivayil kaalathamasam varuthiya alokkeshan aanu; ithe saankethikavidyaye reaser 4, ext 4 ennivayil alokkettu-oonn-flush ennum vilikkunnu. phayal sisttam ezhuthumbol, phayal sisttam blokkukal reserve cheiyunnu, pakshe nirddishta fayalukalude lokkeshanukal ithuvare nischayichittilla. pinneedu, memory sammarddathinteyo edapaadinteyo falamaayi phayal sisttam mattangal varuthaan nirbandhithamaakumbol, fayalukalude savisheshathakalekkurichu allocatork kooduthal nalla arivu undaayirikkum. eee sameepanamulla mikka phayal sisttangalum fayalukal orotta directoryil thudarchayaayi flush cheyyaan shramikkunnu. orotta directoryil ninnu onniladhikam reedukal saadhaaranamaanennu karuthiyal, referencinte sthaanam mechappedunnu. directory haash table anusarichu fayalukalude leauttum leauttum oordar cheiyunnu, angane fayalukal swaabhaavika phayal sisttam kramatthil axus cheyyumbol (reedir nirddeshikkunnathupole) avaa ellaayppozhum thudarchayaayi vaayikkappedunnu.
defragmentation.
pingamikalaaya saankethikavidyakal athu sambhavichathinusesham vighadanam allengil vighadanathinte prathikoola phalangal kuraykkaan shramikkunnu. pala phayal sisttangalum defragmentation toolukal nalkunnu, avaa fayalukalude sakalangal punakrameekarikkan shramikkunnu, chilappol avayude chitharal kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu (athaayath.iii. directorykalilo directory treakalilo allengil diskill phayal sequenceukal parasparam aduthu sookshikkukayo cheythukondu avayude contigvity allengil reference lokkeshan mechappeduthuka.
echfs plus phayal sisttam 20 emm. aii. bii. yill thaazheyullathum phayal thurakkumbol 8 allengil athil kooduthal sakalangalaayi vibhajikkappettathumaya fayalukal suthaaryamaayi defragment cheiyunnu.
ippol kaalaharanapetta comodore amiga smart phayal sisttam (sfs) phayal sisttam upayogathilaayirikkum thanne svayam defragment cheythu. defragmentation prakriya eathaandu poornnamaayum raajyamillaathathaan (athu pravartthikkunna sthalathinupurame), athinaal athu nirthaanum udan aarambhikkaanum kazhiyum. defragmentation samayat mettadaattaykkum saadhaarana daattaykkum daattayude samagratha urappaakkunnu.

