thrayam (samghaditha kuttakrithyam)

ganyamaaya chainees pravasa janasamkhyayulla vividha raajyangalile autposttukalulla grettar chaina aasthaanamaayulla oru chainees traansnaashanal samghaditha crime syndicateanu triad ().
hongong thrayam pradhana chainees criminal samghadanakalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. purathana chainayil, thrayam moonnu pradhana rahasya samoohangalil onnaayirunnu. mccavu, hongong, taiwan, videshathulla chainees samoohangalil ithu shaakhakal sthaapichu. mainland chainees criminal oorganaiseshanukal" ennariyappedunna avaa rund pradhana tharatthilaannu "dark fozhsu" (ayanja samghaditha grouppukal) (), "black sosaittikal" () (kooduthal pakwathayulla criminal samghadanakal). oru karutha samoohathe saadhaarana "irunda sakthikal" allengil thaazhnna thalatthilulla criminal samghangalil ninnu verthirikkunna rund savisheshathakal, samghadanaykku praadeshika vipanikale niyantrikkaan kazhiyunna alavilum police samrakshanathinte alavilum aanu. hongong, mccavu, taiwan, thekkukizhakkan eshyan rajyangal, pradeshangal ennividangalil pravartthikkunna (allengil uthbhavicha) parambaraagatha criminal samghadanakale hongong thrayam soochippikkunnu, athesamayam chainayile pradhana bhoopradeshathe samghaditha-kuttakrithya grouppukale "mainland chainees criminal grouppukal" ennu vilikkunnu.
chainees sarkkaarumaayi trikalkku bandhamundennu valarekkaalamaayi aaropikkappedunnu.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
ooksfoord engleesh nighandu anusarichu, swarggam, bhoomi, manushyarashi ennivayude samyojanathe soochippikkunna chainees padamaaya "saan heey hui" (three yunaittad association) ennathinte vivarthanamaan "triad". thrikal thrikonaakrithiyilulla chithrangal upayogichathine paraamarshikkunnathinaayi colonial hongongile britiish udyogastharaanu thrikal enna vaakk srishtichathennu mattoru sidhaantham abhipraayappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, koolani roopeekarikkappedunnathin valare munbuthanne 1826 ll chainayile rahasya samoohathe vivarikkan "triad" enna vaakk upayogichirunnathinaal eee sidhaantham valare asambhavyamaan. velutha thamara, typing, boxer kalapangal, swarggavum bhoomiyum polulla viplava prasthaanangalkk sesham trikoneeya samghadanakal kaikkondatho yadhaarthathil avayude bhaagamaayirunnatho aanennu anumaanikkappedunnu.
ellah chainees criminal samghadanakalkkum "triads" enna vaakkinte pothuvaaya upayogam avyakthamaanu; thrikal bhoomishaasthraparamaayum vamsheeyamaayum saamskaarikamaayum gadanaaparamaayum savisheshamaan. "hongong, mccavu, taiwan ennividangalil ninnu uthbhavikkunna parambaraagatha samghaditha kuttakrithya grouppukalaanu "triadukal". chainayude pradhana bhoopradeshathu pravartthikkunnatho uthbhavichatho aaya criminal samghadanakal "mainland chainees criminal grouppukal" allengil "black sosaittikal" aanu. varshangalude adichamarthalinu sesham, thrikoodangalude chila gadakangal maathramaan niyamaviruddha pravarthanangalil earppedunnathu. hongongile thrikal "parambaraagatha" criminal pravarthanangalil earppedunnilla, vaitt collar kuttakrithyangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu; audyogika shradha ozhivakkaan parambaraagatha deekshaasanghadanakal apoorvvamaayi maathrame nadakkaarulloo.
charithram.
uthbhavam.
chaina aasthaanamaayulla criminal samghadanayaaya triad, secrut association allengil club, annathe bharanakakshiyaya kwing raajavamshathe attimarikkuka enna uddeshyathode roopeekaricha oru rahasya samoohamaaya secrut haang sosaittiyude oru shaakhayaayirunnu. athinaal kwing rajavamsham vamseeya maanchukalal nirmmithamayathinaal hahn vamseeya bhooripakshathinu svechaadhipathyaparavum videsavumaayathaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna kwing bharanathe attimarikkunnathinulla oru samghaditha desasneha prasthaanatthinte bhagamaayaanu thrikal aadyam aarambhichath. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, azhimathikkaranum parishkkarikkan kazhiyathavanumaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna, bharanakakshiyaya rogiyaaya kingine attimarikkaan roopakalppana cheytha viplavakaravum rahasyavumaaya pravarthanangalil chainees thrikal earppettirunnu.
kwing raajavamshathe ethirkkukayum ming punasthaapikkukayum cheyyuka" () enna baanarin keezhil pravartthikkunna grouppukalulla kwing rajavamsha kaalaghattatthile rahasya samoohangal deshasnehathinte paryayamaayirunnu. republican kaalaghattatthil rashtreeya athiraalikale vadikkunnathinum rashtreeya shathrukkale aakramikkunnathinumayi chainayil kumintang allengil deseeya party thrikal cherthathaayi aaropikkappedunnu. 1927ll chainees communist party (sii. sii. pii) amgangalude shanghoy koottakolayil pankeduttha green gyang sradheyamaaya samghadanakalil ulppedunnu.
1949ll peeples republic oof chaina sthaapithamaayathinushesham, 1978ll samghaditha kuttakrithyangalkkethiraaya "strike haard" pracharanangalil maavo sedonginte utharavanusarichum thudarnnu deng seoping vazhiyum chainayile rahasyasamghangal adichamarthappettu. thalphalamaayi, thrikoodangalum sheshikkunna chila ching samghangalum (yadhaarthathil vighadicha thoongimaricha samoohathil ninnu pilarnna oru samgham) ulppede mikka chainees rahasyasamghangalum hongong, taiwan, thekkukizhakkan eshya, videsha rajyangal (prathyekichu america) ennividangalile britiish kolaniyilekku thamasam maarukayum tongumaayum mattu vamseeya chainees criminal samghadanakalumaayum malsarikkukayum cheythu. kramena chainees rahasyasamghangal varumanathinaayi mayakkumarunninum pidichedukkalinum thirinju.
pathinettaam noottaand.
oru saahodarya samghadanayaaya swarggavum bhoomiyum (<unk>, tiandihui) 1760-kalil sthaapithamaayi, orupakshe 1760-lum 1769-lum. samoohathinte swaadheenam chainayiludaneelam vyaapichathode, athu vyathyastha perukalulla niravadhi cheria grouppukalaayi shaakhaapithamaayi, athilonnu moonnu harmonis sosaitti (<unk>, sanhui) aayirunnu. eee samoohangal trikonathe avarude chihnamaayi sweekarichu, saadhaaranayaayi vaalinte alankaara chithrangalo gwan yuu (<unk>, gwan yuu) (chainees yudhadevan) yude chhaayaachithrangalo undaayirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaand.
chainayil ninnulla kudiyettakkaare avarude puthiya thaamasasthalathekku sthirathaamasamaakkunnathinum thozhililoodeyum praadeshika bandhangalude vikasanathiloodeyum sahayikkunnathinulla niyamaanusritha maargangalayi atharam samoohangale kandu. kandu singappoorile britiish colonial sarkkar rahasyasamghangale nirodhichu, thudarnnulla colonial gavarnarmaarum nethaakkalum kramena avayude ennam kurachu. singapur thrithvangalude saambathika shakti sugamamakkiya raakkattukalum karupp vyapaaravum veshyaavrithiyum nirodhichu. samoohangalude thakarchaykku kaaranamaaya rahasya sosaittikalilekku thiriyunnathinupakaram oru praadeshika "kongsi" yude sahayam thedaan kudiyettakkaare prothsaahippichu. avishwasaneeyamaamvidham raktharookshithamaaya typing kalaapasamayath, palarum onnukil theerumaanikkukayo allengil edapedunna kwing raajavamshathodulla ethirppil ninnu typing swargeeya raajyathe sahayikkaan nirbandhitharaakukayo cheythu.
irupathaam noottaand.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, gundakal anishchithathvam muthaleduthu svayam punasthaapikkaan shramichathode rahasya samoohangal punarujjeevichu. kuwala lumpoorile "puthiya gramangal", singappoorile bukitt hoow swe thudangiya chila chainees samoohangal samgha akramathinu kuprasidhamaayi. 1949-leeii chainees communist viplavathinushesham chainayile pradhana bhoopradeshathu niyamapalanam karshanamaavukayum criminal samghadanakalkkethiraaya sarkkar adichamarthal thrikal britiish hongongilekku kudiyeraan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu. cheythu ekadesham 300,000 thrikal hongongil thaamasichirunnu. hongong sarvakalaashaalayude kanakkanusarichu, mikka trikonamithi samghangalum 1914 num 1939 num idayil sthaapithamaayi, orikkal eee pradeshathu 300 ladhikam undaayirunnu. samghangalude ennam 50 aayi ekeekarichu, athil 14 ennam police nireekshanatthilaanu. hongongil pravartthikkunna naalu pradhana trikonamandalangal-chiyu chau group (sann yee oonn ulppede), cheythu, voo group (voo shing voo ulppede), bigg phoor (luvan group, taann yee, mccavu chaay, thung group) ennivayaayirunnu. oro thrithwathinum oru pradeshatthinte chumathalayundayi, avar bhoomi vamseeya vibhaagavum bhoomishaasthraparamaaya sthalangalum anusarichu vibhajichu. oororutharkkum avarudethaaya aasthaanangalum upasamghangalum pothu prathichaayayum undaayirunnu. undaayirunnu kalaapathin sesham hongong sarkkar karsanamaaya niyama nirvvahanam earppeduthukayum thrikal sajeevamaakaathirikkukayum cheythu. cheythu bigg sarkkil samghavum hunan samghavum enna rund pradhana thrayam uyarnnuvannu.
21-aamm noottaand.
2018 januvari januvari itaaliyan police athinte ooppareshan chaina trekkinte (2011ll aarambhicha) bhaagamaayi europil pravartthikkunna oru chainees triadumaayi bandhapetta 33 pere arast cheythu. italiyile tuscany, venetto, roome, milan ennividangalilum france, spain, jarmman nagaramaya nyoos ennividangalilum eee thrayam sajeevamaayirunnu. chainees thrayam pidichedukkal, palisha, anadhikritha choothaattam, veshyaavrithi, mayakkumarunnu kadathu ennivayil kuttaropitharaanu. europilekku rooad maargam charakkukal kondupokaan aagrahikkunna chainees kambanikalkkethire bheeshaniyum akramavum upayogichu eee samgham gathagatha mekhalayil nuzhanjukayariyathaayi parayappedunnu. niravadhi vahanangal, bisinasukal, swathukkal, baank akkoundukal enniva police pidichedutthu.
theevravaada samghadanakalileyum maphia tharatthilulla samghaditha kuttakrithyangalileyum vidagdhanaaya antonio dii bonis parayunnathanusarichu, thrayam, camora enniva thammil adutha bandhamund, koodaathe chainees niyanthrikkunna vyaapaarangalude ettavum pradhanappetta landing poyintaanu napples thuramukham. rund criminal samghadanakalum orumichu pravartthikkunna niyamaviruddha pravarthanangalil manushyakkadatthum italiyilekkulla chainees kudiyettakkaare laingikamaayum thozhilparamaayum chooshanam cheiyukayenna lakshyathodeyulla niyamaviruddha kudiyettavum synthetic mayakkumarunnu kadathum riyal estettu vaangunnathiloode anadhikritha panam kallappanam veluppikkalum ulppedunnu. 2017ll, camora triadukalum samyukthamaayi nadathunna anadhikritha vyaavasaayika maalinya gathagatha padhathi anweshakar kandethi. maalinyangal italiyil ninnu chainayilekku kondupoyi, italiyile praattoyil ninnu hongongilethi-ithu kandethunnathinumbu, rund samghadanakalkkum dasalakshakkanakkinu dollar varumanam nedunna oru padhathiyaanu.
criminal pravartthanangal.
vanchana, thattikkondupokal, kallappanam veluppikkal muthal kallakkadathum veshyaavrithiyum vare vividha kuttakrithyangalil earppedunna thrikal samgeetham, viidiyoo, software, vasthrangal, vaachukal, panam thudangiya kallakkadathum vyaajavasthukkalum nadathunnavaraanu.
mayakkumarunnu kadathu.
pathonpathaam noottaandile aadyathe karupp nirodhanam muthal, chainees criminal samghangal lokamembaadumulla niyamaviruddha mayakkumarunnu vyaapaarathil earppettittundu. swarnna trikonathile karupp chedikalil ninnu uthppaadippikkukayum chainayil heroine aayi parishkarikkukayum earppettirikkukayaanu cheythu vadakke amerikkayilekkum europilekkum kadathikkondupokukayum cheytha niravadhi trikonamithi karuppil ninnu heroinilekku maari. anthaaraashtra heroine vyaapaarathil sajeevamaaya ettavum pradhanappetta thrayam cheythu, thaay huen chaay ennivayaanu. chainees faaktarikalil ninnu vadakke amerikkayilekkum (methamphettaamain uthppaadanathinaayi) europilekkum emm. dii. emm. eiii uthppaadanathinaayi rasavasthukkal kadathaan thudangi. american aikyanaadukalile triadukalum valia alavil kettaamain traaphikk cheiyunnu.
vyaajarekha.
vyaajarekha muthal moovarum vyaajarekhakalil earppettirikkukayaanu. earppettirikkukayaanu cheythu avar vyaajanottukalil earppettirunnu (palappozhum hongong 50 sent kashanam). karinchanthayil vilppanaykkethunna vilayeriya pusthakangal vyaajamaakkunnathilum samghangal ulppettirunnu. puthiya saankethikavidyayude varavinum sharashari jeevithanilavaram mechappeduthunnathinuma, thrayam vaachukal, philim vii. sii. dii, dvd thudangiya vyaja vasthukkalum vasthrangal, handbagukal thudangiya designer vasthrangalum nirmmikkunnu. nirmmikkunnu muthal, trikonamathsarapradeshangalu niyanthranam durbalappedukayum chilar thangalude varumaana srothassukal niyamaanusrithamaaya bisinasukalilekku maattukayum cheythu.
aarogya samrakshana thattippukal.
2012ll jappanil aarogya parirakshaa thattippumayi bandhappett naalu trikakshi amgangal arasttilaayi.
kallappanam veluppikkal.
meksikoo, itali, mattu sthalangal ennividangalile mayakkumarunnu samghangalude pradhana kallappanam veluppikkal idapaadukaaraayi triadukal maari.
chainees sarkkar bandhangal.
vividha rashtreeya prasthaanangaleyum vibhaagangaleyum pinthunaykkunna "desasnehaparamaaya" pravartthanangalude charithram kaaranam, thrikal chainees sarkkaarumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave valarekkaalamaayi aaropikkappedunnu; prathyekichu, praadeshika, madhya-kendra thalangalil chainees communist party. viyojippukale adichamarthuka, prathishedhangale adichamarthuka, rajyath videshathumulla vimarshakare nishabdaraakkuka, bhayappeduthuka, nirbandhikkuka thudangiya rashtreeya lakshyangal kaivarikkunnathil samsthaanathinte ejantumaaraayi pravartthikkunna amgangalaanu trikakshi amgangal ennu aaropikkappedunnu, prathyekichu hongong, taiwan, uyarnna vamseeya chainees pravaasikalulla rajyangal. 2019ll hongongil janaadhipathya anukoola prathishedhakkaarkkethiraaya yuen deerghakaala aakramanathil thrikal pankedutthathaayi aaropikkappedunnathiloode ithu theliyikkunnu. aazhchakalkk munbu prathishedha paripaadikalil kanatha police saannidhyam undaayirunnittum sambhavasthalathu udyogastharude sradheyamaaya abhavam kaaranam thrikal criminal sindikkettukalumaayi koottukettu nadathiyathaayi hongong poleesinethire pinneedu aaropikkapettu. rashtreeya soukaryathinu virudhamaayi azhimathikkaraaya udyogastharude seeniority swaadheenikkumbol criminal perumaattatthilekku kannadaykkunna praadeshika sarkkar azhimathiyum niyama nirvvahana adhikaarikalum thrikal pravarthippikkunnu. pravarthippikkunnu propublica anweshanathil chila chainees police videsha sarvees steshanukalude neethrthwathinu samghaditha kuttakrithyangalumaayi bandhamundennu kandethi.
ghadanayum ghadanayum.
samghathinullile raankukalum sthaanangalum verthirichariyaan thrayam samkhyaa kodukal upayogikkunnu; akkangal chainees samkhyaashaasthrathil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathum "aii ching" adisthaanamaakkiyullathum. parvvatham (allengil draagan maasttar head) 489,438 deputy parvatha maasttar, 432 vaikkol cheruppu rank soochippikkunnu; parvatha yajamanante proxy, dhoopavarga maasttar (thrithwathilekku ulppeduthalukalude melnottam vahikkunna), 438 allengil 2238 (dhoopavarga yajamanane sahayikkunna) ennivayaanu. niyamapaalakarum intalijansum parayunnath munnirakkaarkk yadhaarthathil ettavum uyarnna adhikaaramo anthima vaakkukalo undayirikkaam ennaanu. prathirodha, aakramana pravarthanangalkku melnottam vahikkunna oru sainika commander (chuvanna dhruvam ennum ariyappedunnu) 426 aanu; 49 ennathu oru sainikane allengil rank-aandu-phayal amgathe soochippikkunnu. vaitt paper phaan (415) saambathikavum bisinesses upadeshavum nalkunnu, vaikkol cheruppu (432) unitukal thammilulla oru bandhamaan. mattoru thrayam muthal oru rahasya niyama nirvvahana ejantu allengil chaaran 25 aanu, ithu oru vivaradaathaavinu janapriyamaaya hongong bhaashayaan. neela vilakkukal aarambhikkaatha amgangalaanu, maphia asosiyettukalkku thulyamaanu, avaykku oru niyukta nambar illa. hongongile thrayam, adhikaarikal ennivarumaayi abhimukham nadatthiya dii liyon petta gomas daa kosttayude abhipraayathil, nilavile gadanayude bhooribhaagavum avyakthavum thaazhnnathumaaya sreniyaanu. parambaraagatha raankukalum sthaanangalum ippol nilavililla.
aachaarangalum perumattachattangalum.
indian "thuggikal" allengil japanese "yakusa" ennivaykku samaanamaayi, thrikoodam amgangal deekshaasumanassukalil pankedukkunnu. oru saadhaarana chadangu gwan yuu (Кате, guānyü)-nuu samarppichirikkunna oru balipeetathil dhoopavarggavum mrgabaliyum (saadhaaranayaayi oru kozhi, panni allengil aadu) nadathunnu. veenjum rakthavum (mrugathil ninno sthaanaarthiyil ninno) kalarthi kudicha sesham, thrikoodatthinte prathinjakal chollumbol amgam vaalukalude kamaanathinadiyil kadannupokunnu. daivangalodulla thante karthavyangal nirvahikkaanulla amgathinte badhyatha sthireekarikkunnathinu prathinjja ezhuthappetta paper balipeetathil kathikkum. idathu kaiyude moonnu viralukal oru binding aamgyamaayi uyarthunnu. 36 sathyangal palikkaan thrayam aarambhikkendathund.
vamshangal.
hongong aasthaanamaayi.
hongong aasthaanamaayulla ettavum sakthamaaya thrayam ivayaanu
mattevideyengilum adisthaanamaakki.
niravadhi thrikal lokamembaadumulla thaayvaanilekkum chainees samoohangalilekkum kudiyeri.
tang.
thrayam pole, aadyakaala kudiyetta chainadaun kammyoonittikalil swathanthramaayi uthbhavichathaan tonkukal. eee vaakkinte ardham "soshyal club" ennaanu, tongs prathyekamaayi bhoogarbha samghadanakalalla. pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil aadyakaala kudiyettakkaaraaya chainees-american samoohangalile paarshwalkkarikkappetta amgangalkkidayil paraspara pinthunaykkum native vaadikalil ninnulla samrakshanathinumaayi aadyathe tongukal roopappettu. thrikoodangale maathrkayaakki, vyakthamaaya rashtreeya uddeshyangalillaathe sthaapikkappetta avar pidichedukkal, niyamaviruddha choothaattam, mayakkumarunnu, manushyakkadathu, kolapathakam, veshyaavrithi thudangiya criminal pravarthanangalil earppettu.
thekkukizhakkan eshya.
thekkukizhakkan eshyayiludaneelamulla chainees samoohangalilum thrikal sajeevamaayirunnu. malaysia singapur (eee mekhalayile ettavum kooduthal vamseeya chainees janasamkhyayulla) kireeda kolanikalaayi maariyappol, rahasya samoohangalum thrikoodangalum praadeshika samoohangale niyanthranathilaakki samrakshana panavum anadhikritha vaypayum thattiyedutthu. palarum saahodaryathinte adayaalamaayi parasparam raktham kudikkunnath polulla rakthasamskaarangal nadatthi; mattullavar karupp guhakalum veshyaalayangalum nadatthi.
eee muun samghangaludeyum samoohangaludeyum avashishtangal ippozhum nilanilkkunnu. kuttakrithyangal kuraykkunnathinulla malaysiayileyum singappoorileyum sarkkar sramangal kaaranam, samoohangal pothujanangalude kannil ninnu (prathyekichu malaysiayil) erekkure mangi.
valia chainees (prathyekichu cantonese, teoche) communitykalulla vietnaamees nagarangalilum thrikal saadhaaranamaayirunnu. franch colonial kaalaghattatthil, sigonileyum (prathyekichu chainadaun jillayileyum) hyphongileyum niravadhi bisinessukalum sambannaraaya thaamasakkaarum samrakshana-raakkat samghangalude niyanthranathilaayirunnu.
1945ll vietnaamees swaathanthryam nediyathode, hoow chii minninte sarkkar raajyathe criminal pravartthanangal shudheekarichathinaal samghaditha kuttakrithya pravartthanangal ganyamaayi kuranju. hoow parayunnathanusarichu, kuttakrithyangal nirthalaakkunnathu vietnaamineyum aviduthe janangaleyum samrakshikkunnathinulla oru reethiyaanu. onnaam indochina yudhasamayathu, hoyude police seena thante mekhalayile aalukale kuttakrithyangalil ninnu samrakshikkunnathil shradha kendreekarichu; viyatt minninethire poraadaan franchukaar criminal samghadanakalumaayi sahakarichu. 1955-ll, saigon-jiya dunn-biyan hoow-wung taavu mekhalayilum mccong delttayile america thoo, qaan thann thudangiya nagarangalilum samghaditha kuttakrithya grouppukale niraayudheekarikkaanum thadavilaakkaanum president engo dinh deam dakshina vietnaamees sainyathodu utharavittu. veshyaalayangal, masaj parlorukal, kaasinokal, choothaattashaalakal, karupp guhakal, baarukal, mayakkumarunnu veedukal, naitt clubbukal, thrikal pathivayi varunna ellah sthaapanangalum dayim nirodhichu. ennirunnaalum, thekk viyatt miin illaathaakkaanulla thante shramangalkk dhanasahayam nalkaan deam criminal pravartthanangale anuvadichu. criminal pravartthanangalude karshana niyanthranavum nireekshanavum ulla vadakku niyamapalanam karshanamaayirunnu. demookratik republic oof vietnaam sarkkar hyphong, hanoi pradeshangalil thrikal ulppedeyulla samghaditha kuttavaalikale shudheekarikkukayum jayililadaykkukayum cheythu. hoow chii minninte poleesinte sammarddathethudarnnu, trikakshi affiliateukalkku elemination allengil niyamasadhutha enniva thiranjedukkendivannu. vietnaam yudhasamayathu, vadakku thrikal illaathaakkappettu; thekk, republic oof vietnaam azhimathi avarude niyamaviruddha pravartthanangal samrakshikkukayum njangalude sahaayathe niyantrikkaan avare anuvadikkukayum cheythu. cheythu 1970kalilum vietnaamees police ellah anadhikritha sino-vietnaamees pravartthanangalum illaathaakki. mikka thrikoodangalum taiwan, hongong allengil thekkukizhakkan eshyayile mattu raajyangalilekku palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhitharaayi.
anthaaraashtra pravartthanangal.
mccavu, taiwan, hongong, america, canada, jappan, austreliya, yunaittad kingdom, jarmmani, france, itali, brazeel, peru, arjanteena ennee videsha-chainees janasamkhyayulla mattu pradeshangalilum thrikal sajeevamaan. avar palappozhum kudiyettakkadatthil earppedunnu. mayakkumarunnukalil ninnulla vaarshika labham 200 bilyan dollaranennum europilekkum amerikkayilekkum manushyakkadatthil ninnulla vaarshika varumanam 3.5 bilyan dollaranennum shandy aandu mishra (2007) kanakkakkunnu.
sameepa dashakangalil anadhikritha mayakkumarunnukalude pradhana irakkumathi austreliyayil 'kambani' aanennu eee mekhalayile police vrithangal parayunnu. methamphettaamain, kokkeyn ennivayil shradha kendreekarikkunna triad booas nadathunna oru kambaniyaanithu. australiyayileyum mccavuvileyum kireeda kaasinokal sandarshikkunna uyarnna nilavaaramulla choothaattakkaarkkaayi jankattukal vazhi ithu panam kallappanam veluppichittund.
dakshinaafrikkayil, niyama nirvvahana adhikaarikal thrayam niravadhi valia swatantra upagrooppukal valia thothilulla manushyakkadathu, mayakkumarunnu kadathu, kallappanam veluppikkal, athupole veshyaavrithi, choothaatta valayangal enniva nadathunnathaayi avakashappettu. dakshinaafrikkayil pravartthikkunna thrayam, voo shing voo group, saan yee group, group group, group group ennivayumaayi bandhapetta naalu pradhana chainees samghangale dakshinaafrikkan adhikaarikal thiricharinjittundu. 2022 november 22 nuu cape tounile tirakkeriya theruvil athiraalikalaaya thrikal thammilulla vedivayppu nadannu, niravadhi kaazhchakkaarkk parikkettu.
ethir nadapadikal.
niyama nirvvahanam.
hongong.
trikonamatsarangalkku utharavaadikalaaya hongong police senayude divisionaanu samghaditha crime aandu triad beuro (oktibi). trikakshi nethaakkale prathirodhikkunnathinaayi vivarangal prosess cheiyunnathinaayi oktabum criminal intelligence beuro mayakkumarunnu, vaanijya kuttakrithya byoorokalumaayi pravartthikkunnu. kasttams aandu excise vakupp, immigration vakupp, azhimathikkethiraya swatantra kammeeshan ennivayaanu mattu bandhapetta vakuppukal. thrikoodangaludeyum mattu samghaditha samghangaludeyum vipuleekaranathe thadayaan avar poleesumaayi sahakarikkunnu. thrikal niyantritha vinoda sthaapanangalile reydukalum rahasya pravartthanangalum ulppede samghaditha kuttakrithyangale police nadapadikal pathivayi lakshyamidunnu. hongong prathishedhangal adichamarthunnathil thrikal ulppettittundennu "videsanayam" enna jenal athinte 2019 august pathippil report cheythu.
canada.
deseeya thalatthil (chila sandarbhangalil, pravishya thalatthil), royal canadian mounded poleesinte samghaditha crime branchinu samghavumaayi bandhapetta pravartthanangal (thrikal ulppede) anweshikkaanulla utharavaadithamundu. canada boarder sarveesas ejansi samghadippicha crime yoonit aarcmpyumaayi chernnu canada ithara thrayam amgangale thadankalil vaykkaanum neekkam cheyyaanum pravartthikkunnu. pradhaanamaayum torrento, vancouver, kalgari, edmundon thudangi niravadhi nagarangalil eshyan samghangal kaanapedunnu.
torrento police sarveesinte thokkukalum samghangalum nagaratthile thrikal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinte utharavaadithamaanu vahikkunnath. metro torrento poleesinte eshyan samgha yoonit munbu trikonamathsaravumaayi bandhapetta karyangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinte utharavaadithamaayirunnu, ennaal vishalamaaya vamseeya samghangale kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi oru valia yoonit srishtichu.
samghaditha kuttakrithyavum niyama nirvvahana niyamavum kaanadayile police senakalkku samghaditha criminal pravartthanangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla oru upakaranam nalkunnu. criminal trikooda pravartthanangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil criminal kodinte (samghaditha kuttakrithyangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla bhedagathikalkoppam) pothuvaaya punk eee niyamam vardhippikkunnu. niyamaviruddha motorcycle clubbukal, adivasi kuttakrithya grouppukal, indo-canadian kuttakrithya grouppukal ennivaykku pinnil kaanadayile naalaamathe valia samghaditha kuttakrithya prashnamaayi eshyan samghaditha kuttakrithya grouppukal sthaanam nedi.
2011ll, britiish kolambiyayile vaankoovarile heroine vyaapaarathinte 90 sathamaanavum triadukalumaayi bandhapetta criminal samghangal niyanthrichirunnathaayi kanakkakkappettu. bhoomishaasthraparavum janasamkhyaaparavumaaya savisheshathakal kaaranam, thekkukizhakkan eshyayil uthppaadippikkunna heroininte bhooribhaagathinteyum (thrikal bandhapetta anthaaraashtra samghaditha-kuttakrithya grouppukal niyanthrikkunna vyaapaarathinte bhooribhaagavum) vadakke amerikkayilekkulla praveshana kendramaanu vancouver. 2006 muthal 2014 vare britiish kolambiyayile samghamaranangalil 21 sathamaanavum thekkukizhakkan, kizhakkan, dakshineshyan vamshajaraanu (samghamaranangalil 46.3 sathamaanam varunna kokkeshyakkaare maathram pinnilakki).
austreliya
2022 juunil, australian federal police kammeeshanar reez kersha, videsha sarkkarukal padinjaaran criminal sindikkettukalumaayi sahakarikkunnundennum "chila rajyangalil ninnulla samsthaana abhinethaakkalum pouranmaarum nammude paramaadhikaaratthinteyum sambadvyavasthayudeyum chelavil nammude raajyangale upayogikkunnu" ennum anchu annukalulla niyama nirvvahana groupil (efvlg) prasthaavichu. oru raajyatheyum prathyekamaayi paraamarshichittillenkum, australiyayile chainees samghaditha kuttakrithyangalude pankaalitthatthinte soochanayode chaina shradheyamaayi ulppeduthi.
2022 augustil, hongong aasthaanamaayulla aabharanangalum riyal estettu vikasana kambaniyaaya chau thaay phookkine queensland samsthaana sarkkar staar casinoyude kweens warf vikasanathil 25 sathamaanam ohariyudamayaayi amgeekarichathaayi "australian broadcasting korppareshan" report cheythu.
cheythu triadumaayi bandhamundennu vishwasikkappedunna cheng yuu tenginte udamasthathayilulla chau phookk thaay kambaniyaanu hongong, mccavu samghaditha crime sindikkettukalumaayi bandhamundennu aaropikkappedunnu, prathyekichu vaan cook kuyy, "takarnna pallu" allengil triad sarkkilukalile "takarnna pallu koyi" ennivayumaayulla bisinesses bandhatthiloode.
14k, sann yee oonn triadukal chengumaayi adutha bandhamullavayaanennum veshyaavrithi, manushyakkadathu, mayakkumarunnu kadam ennivayil earppedunnathinu purame choothaatta kadangal shekharikkunnathinulla nadappaakkal udyogastharaayi upayogichirunnuvennum vishwasikkappedunnu. 2020 leeii kanakkanusarichu azhimathi, kallappanam veluppikkal, "samsthaana swathukkalude durupayogam" ennivaykkaayi aagola magnitsky niyamaprakaaram yunaittad stetts department oof treasury uparodhathin vidheyamaan.
niyamanirmmanam.
sosaitti oordinansum samghadithavum gurutharavumaaya kuttakrithyangalude oordinansumaanu thrikal abhisambodhana cheiyunna praadhamika niyamangal. 1949ll hongongil thrayam niyamavirudhamaakkaan niyamam konduvanna aadyathethu, oru thrayam oafees holder allengil maanejucheyyunna (allengil maanejmentil sahayikkunna) kuttatthinu shikshikkappedunna eathoru vyakthikkum oru dasalaksham dollar vare pizhayum 15 varsham vare thadavum sikshayum vidhikkan vyavastha cheiyunnu.
1974ll azhimathikkethire swatantra kammeeshan roopeekarichathode thrikoodangalude adikaaravum kuranju. thrikoodangalumaayi bandhapetta police vakuppukalile azhimathi kammeeshan lakshyamittu.
oru thrikoodatthil amgamaayirikkuka ennathu poleesinu prathyeka anweshana adikaaram nalkaanum samghaditha kuttakrithya pravarthanangalkku kanatha shikshakal nalkaanum atharam kuttakrithyangalude varumanam kandukettaan kodathikale adhikaarappeduthaanum lakshyamitulla 1994 ll hongongil nadappaakkiya oru oordinansinu keezhil 100,000 dollar muthal 250,000 dollar vare pizhayum moonnu muthal ezhu varsham vare thadavum shikshikkaavunna kuttamaan.

