gallium monoyodide

gallium monoyodide (gaay allengil allengil gallium adisthaanamaakkiyulla pala ulppannangalkkum reactive intermediattaayi pravartthikkunna kuranja vaalant gallium inamaanu. gallium (i) haalaidukal aadyam chrystallographicaly savisheshathakalullavayum snockel sahapravarthakarum kuranja moolyamulla niravadhi gallium speesheesukalilekku synthetic root anuvadikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, gallium (i) halide mungaamikalekkaal "gaay" upayogikkunna raasasamshleshanangal eee reactorinte samanvayathinte eluppam kanakkileduthu kooduthal anweshikkappettittund. gallium (i) haalaidukal samanvayippikkunnathinu snockalinteyum sahapravarthakarudeyum synthetic reethikk asaadhaaranamaaya uyarnna thaapanila aavashyamaanenkilum, muriyile thaapanilaykk sameepam "gaay" enna lalithamaaya thayyaareduppu puthiya gallium adhishtitha rasathanthrangalude paryaveshanathinu anuvadichu.
synthesis.
1990-ll malcom green sahapravarthakarum chernnu oru "gaay" inathe samanvayippichu, athinte thayyaareduppu reethi ettavum vyaapakamaayi pinthudarunnu. oru toluin laayakathil iodine upayogichu draavaka gallium lohathinte ultrasonication "gaay" ennu vilikkunna oru puthiya ilam pacha podi nalkunnuvennu avar kandethi. eee intermediat samanvayippikkaan thaarathamyena lalithamaayirunnuvenkilum, 2010 kalude thudakkam muthal pakuthi vare "gaayi" yude raasaghadana nirnnayikkappettirunna.
2012-ll, ilam pacha gaay podi gallium adisthaanamaakkiyulla vividha enangalude samyojanamaanennu nirnnayichu. 2012-ll, ayodinumaayulla gallium lohathinte poornna prathikaranatthil ninnu samanvayippicha "gaay" nuu raasaghadana yude 2 [gaa +] +] undennu widdifield sahapravarthakarum nirnnayichu. ennirunnaalum, 2014-ll, ayodinumaayulla gallium lohathinte apoornnamaaya prathikaranam eee raasaghadanayumaayi "gaay" nalkunnuvennu malbrech sahapravarthakarum oru parasparavirudhamaaya padanatthil kandethi. poornnamaaya prathikaranatthinaayi kooduthal prathikarana samayangalumayi samanvayippicha "gaay" nuu vyathyasthamaaya raasaghadana yude 2 [gaa +] 2 2 undaayirunnu. gaayi" yude vividha vakabhedangalkku vividha tharatthilulla raasapravarthanangal axus cheyyaan kazhiyumennathinaal, eee parasparavirudhamaaya phalangal kooduthal pareekshanangalkk munbu oro thayyaareduppinum "gaayi" yude raasaghadana sthireekarikkanamennu pinthunaykkunnu.
vyathyastha "gaay" rachanakal axus cheyyaan malbrech sahapravarthakarum upayogikkunna thayyaareduppinte oru skeemattik mukalil chithreekarichirikkunnu. ellah vakabhedangalum 30 digri selshyasil toluyeenil listtucheythirikkunna samayathekku sonikkettu cheythu. thathfalamaayundaaya "gaay" podi valare vaayu samvedanakshamathayullathayi kandethi, ennaal nishkriya anthareekshathil-35 digri selshyasil oru varsham vare sthirathayullathaanu.
swabhaavam.
adii-raman spectroscopy, podi ex-reey defraction, <aii. dii. 1> gaa soolid-stettu enn. emm. aarr. spectroscopy, 127aii nuclear kwadrupol resonance (enn. kyu. aarr) enniva upayogichu gaayinte ghadana anweshikkappettittund. emm. wilkinson njaanum. jeey. 1975ll mattoru thayyaareduppiloode oru "gaay" inathe samanvayippicha voraal, eee gadakangalude savisheshamaaya raaman spectra adisthaanamaakki "gaay" ennathu gallium (0) loham, gaga2aii3, gaga2aii4 ennivayude samyojanamaanennu nirnnayichu. gaayi" yude rund vakabhedangalkku raasaghadanakal yude 2 [gaa +] +], yude 2 [gaa +] 2 2 ennivayundennu nirnnayichathinaal eee sidhaantham sthireekarikkappettu, ivide [gaa +] +] [gaay4−] allengil allengil ennum [gaa +] 2 2 parishodhichappol ennum prakadippikkaam.
yude 2 [gaa +] +].
69/71 gaa soolid-stettu nmr spectroscopy parishodhikkumbol, raasaghadanayulla [ga0] 2 [ga +] [gai4−] "gaay" nuu δiso = 4488.1 (0.3) ppmil valare deshield signal undu, kaaryamaaya gallium kwadrupol interaakshan (qi) tensor illa. ithu khara gallium (0) lohathekkaal draavaka gallium (0) lohathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. 127i nqr parishodhichappol, 113.69,132.04,134.39,163.71 mhz ennee naalu kodumudikal nireekshikkappettu. raasa shifttukal oru Ga2i4 referenceumaayi yojikkukayum [ga0] 2 [ga +] [ga4−] assainmentine kooduthal prathirodhikkukayum cheiyunnu. 141 (sakthamaaya), 230 (durbalamaaya), 85 (durbalamaaya) centimeter −1 enningane thirichariyaan kazhiyunna vibrational freekwansikalulla raman spectroscopy eee composition assainmentum sthireekarichu. eee freekwansikal Ga2i4-nte referenceumaayi poruthappedunnunde avaa oru oru referenceumaayi ovarlaappu cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, spectrayude aakruthi, mattu spectroscopic reethikalil ninnulla thelivukal, power ex-reey defraction paattenukal enniva kanakkiledukkumbol, eee "gaay" veriyantinaayi [gaay] 2 [gaga +] [gaay 4 −] enna assainment saadhookarikkappettu.
yude 2 [gaa +] 2 2.
127i nqr parishodhichappol, parishodhichappol enna asainmentumaayi yojikkunna <aii. dii. 2>, <aii. dii. 3>, <aii. dii. 1> emm. echu. ezz ennee moonnu kodumudikal nireekshikkappettu. raman spectroscopy 124 (sakthamaaya), 292 (durbalamaaya), 188 (durbalamaaya) sem. mee. −1 ennee vibrational freekwansikalode eee assainment sthireekarichu. eee freekwansikal oru oru referencil ninnullavayumayi yojikkunnu. avasaanamaayi, eee "gaay" vakabhedam gaay 2-ll ninnu vyathyasthamaaya gaay 2-aii 3-maayi poruthappedunnuvennu power ex-reey defraction pinthunaykkunnu.
gaayi" yude 69/71 gaa ssnmr.
rund "gaay" vakabhedangalude 69/71 gaa soolid-stettu enmr spectra vyaakhyaanikkunnathil chila parasparavirudhamaaya reportukal undaayittund. poojyamallaatha qi tensorulla δiso =-424 (5) pppm-leeii oru signal valachodicha tetrahedral [gai4−] gadakathinte savisheshathayaanu ennathaanu oru vyaakhyaanam. athinaal, eee spectra oru [ga0] 2 [ga +] [gai4−] assainmentine prathirodhikkum. ennirunnaalum, mattoru kandethal kaanikkunnath δiso =-425 (3) leeii eee signal δiso = 15 (5) ppmile mattoru peekkumaayi samyojippichaan kaanappedunnath ennaanu. eee saahacharyathil, δiso =-425 (3) leeii kodumudi gaay 2-ll kaanunnathupole gaga +-maayi poruthappedaam, δiso = 15 (5) ppm [gaay 2i62-]-maayi poruthappedaam. athinaal, eee spectrike oru [ga0] 2 [ga +] 2 [ga2i62-] assainmentine prathirodhikkanum kazhiyum. eee vyathyastha vyaakhyaanangal soochippikkunnathu 69/71 gaa soolid-stettu enmrinu maathram oru "gaay" vakabhedathinu oru prathyeka raasaghadana nischayamaayi nalkaan kazhiyilla ennaanu. eee assainmentukal karuthuttathaakkunnathinu mattu spectroscopic alavukalumayi chernnu gaa soolid-stettu enmr vishakalanam cheyyanam.
[ga0] 2 [ga +] [gai4−] nuu [ga0] 2 [ga +] 2 [ga2i62-] aayi parivartthanam cheyyaan kazhiyumennathinaal kaalakramena oru "gaay" vakabhedam upayogichu maathram axus cheyyaan kazhiyunna uthppannangalkkayi "gaayi" yude raasaghadana parishodhikkendathundu ennathu sradhikkendathaanu.
prathikaranasheshi.
eee vyathyastha "gaay" vakabhedangal engane labhikkunnu ennathumaayi chila poruthakkedukal undu (i.iii. prathikaranatthinte dairkhyam, prathikaranatthinte thaapanila, apachayathinte samayam), rund vyathyastha "gaay" vakabhedangal axus cheyyaan kazhiyumenna vastutha, atharam vishalamaaya prathikaranasheshikal "gaay" vazhi engane axus cheyyaamennathinekkurich kurachu ulkkaazhcha nalkunnu.
gaay" ennathu vividha prathikaranangalude munnodiyaayi upayogikkunnu. aadyakaalangalil, alkail iodide, rii ennivayude saannidhyathil draavaka gallium lohav iodeen prathipravarthippichundu auxidative addition vazhi alkilgalium diodideukal axus cheiyumennu "gaay" kaanichu. athinusesham, mattu oorgaanogaliyam complexukalum levis bays aaddakttukalum gallium adhishtitha klasttarukalum axus cheythittundu. eee rasathanthrangalil chilath chuvade kooduthal vishadamaayi vishadeekarichirikkunnu.
gaa levis adisthaana anubandhangal.
gaay" kku vishalamaaya monodentettu levis baseukalumaayi prathipravartthichu gaga (ii), gaga (iii), allengil mixed vaalant speesheesukal, gallium adisthaanamaakkiyulla dimerukalum trimerukalum roopappeduthaan kazhiyum. udaaharanathinu, "gaay" nuu primery, secondary, tertiary amainukal, secondary allengil tertiary phosphine allengil eetharukal ennivayumaayi prathipravartthichu gaga (ii)-gaga (ii) dimerukal roopappeduthaan kazhiyum. "gaay" nuu pph3-maayi prathipravartthichu oru gaa (iii) i3pph3 samuchayam roopappeduthaanum kazhiyum. ithinu sterik aayi encumber cheytha pettu 3 ligandumaayi prathikarichu gaa (ii)-gaa (i)-gaa (ii) dietivaayi coordinate cheytha pettu 3 ligaandukalumaayi mixed vaalant complexes roopappeduthaanum kazhiyum. eee aadktukal uruthirinja "gaay" prarambha vasthuvinte krithyamaaya ghadana anishchithathvathilaanenkil, soolid gaga lohangal prathikaranatthil nikshepikkappedunnathil eee prathikaranangal asamathvathiloodeyaanu sambhavikkunnathenn vishwasikkappedunnu.
rasakaramennu parayatte, pii. pii. echu. 3 ligandumaayi samanamaaya prathikarana saahacharyangalil "gaay" ezz. bii. eph. 3-maayi prathikarikkumbol, oru gaffy 2 shakalavumayi bandhikkappetta oru ezz. bii. eph. 3 sakalam nammal nireekshikkunnu. pii. eph. 3-nte kanatha aattam analogaaya pii. eph. 3-umm ezz. bii. eph. 3-umm thammilulla prathipravartthanathile vyathyasam durbalamaaya ezz. bii.-sii bondaanu, ithu oru phenyl groupine aantimaniyil ninnu gaaliyathilekku maattaan anuvadikkunnu. ithu soochippikkunnathu "gaay" oru reducing ejantaayum upayogikkaam ennaanu.
enn-heterocyclic carbinukal "gaay" yumayi prathipravartthikkumbol, sterik encumbered aii. pii. aarr ligand maathramaan levis bays adakt roopappeduthunnathennu kaanichu. ennirunnaalum, chuvade vivarichirikkunnathu, "gaay" diasabutadianukalumaayi prathipravartthikkunnavum thudarnnu pottasyam lohathinte kuravu moolam enechsikalude gaa analogukal roopappedumennum kaanikkunnu. mattu gaa adisthaanamaakkiyulla carbinukal lii [naknak] upayogichu oru "gaay" mungamiyil ninnu axus cheyyaan kazhiyum.
monodentettu levis baseukal vishalamaaya gaa ooksideshan avasthakalilekku praveshikkunna gaa aaddaktukal roopappeduthumbol, "gaay" multy aidantett levis baseukalumaayi prathikarikkumbol, gaa (iii) complexukal pradhaanamaayum roopappedunnu. eee prathipravartthanathe bipyridine (baipi), phenyl-terpiridine (ferpy), biss (imino) pyridine (bimpi) ligandukal upayogichu parishodhichu, ivayellaam gaa (iii) complexukal nalki. chrystallographicaly, baipi derivative oru vikruthamaaya octahedral jyamiti sweekarikkunnathaayi kaanikkunnu, athinte gaa-enn bondinte neelam 2.063 Â aanu. rund madhyarekhaa gaa-enn bondukal (varachathupole) aksheeya gaa-enn bondinekkaal neelamullathum yathaakramam 2.104 Å, 2.007 (5) α boond neelamullathumaaya oru vikruthamaaya trikona bipyramidal jyamiti ferpy derivative sweekarikkunnu. sharashari gaa-enn bondinte neelam (<aii. dii. 2> ā) oru neutral gackle 3 (terpy) levis bays adakttinu (<aii. dii. 1> ā) samaanamaanenn theliyikkappettittund. bimpi derivativinu vikruthamaaya chathura adhishtitha pyramid jyamiti undennu vivarikkappedunnu. ferpy derivetteevinte pole, ekvattoriyal imino gaa-enn bondukalkku (2.203 ā) axial pyridil gaa-enn bondinekkaal (2.014 (7) ã) neelamundennu kandethi. samanamaaya eee prathikaranasheshikalum bandha savisheshathakalum undaayirunnittum, "gaay" imino-pakaramulla pyridinukalumaayi (rn = c (h) py) prathikarikkumbol, athulyamaaya prathikaranasheshi nireekshikkappettu. imin-pakaramulla pyridinukalude reductive coupling diamedo-diagalium (iii) complexukal roopappeduthi. puthiya sii-sii bondukalude roopeekaranam kanakkiledukkumbol, atharam prathipravartthanam jaiva samanvayathil "gaay" mungaamikalude upayogathilekku viral choondunnu.
gaa hettarosaikkilukal.
gallium adisthaanamaakkiyulla heterosaikkilukal roopappeduthunnathinulla oru munnodiyaayum "gaay" upayogikkaam. diasabootadians, {rn = c (h)} 2 ennivayumaayulla prathikaranangalkk diasabutadiansile pakarakkaare adisthaanamaakki monomerukalo dimerukaloo roopappedaam. kooduthal sterik aayi thadassappeduthiya pakarakkar, ennaal gaa (ii) dimerukalude roopeekaranathinu kaaranamaayi, athesamayam alkail allengil aaril pakaramaayi diasabootadians upayogichulla prathikaranangal gaa (iii) monomerukal roopeekarichu. gaayi" yude rund thulyathakalkk phineel-pakaramaayi 1,4-diasaboota-1,3-dainsumaayi prathipravartthichu diasabootadian monoyonian upayogichu oru gaa heterosaikkil roopappeduthaam. diasabootadian sakalam oru enee-diamedo dianion allengil neutral ligand ennathinekkaal oru paramagnetic monoyonionic speesheesaanenn eiii. pii. aarr spectroscopy velippeduthi. athinaal, "gaay" oru anupatharahitha prathikaranatthinu vidheyamaakukayum oru gaga (0) lohathinte nikshepathode oru gaga (iii) samuchayam roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. 1, 4-delethiated diasabootadian ennathumaayi kooduthal prathipravartthanathinu sesham, eee gaa heterosaikkil diasabootadian monoyonian sakalam gaa sentarumaayi (gaa-enn boond dairkhyam 1.9678 (13) ā) bandhippichum oru enee-diamedo dianon gaa sentarumaayi (gaa-enn boond dairkhyam 1.8831 (13) ā) sahavarthithvathode bandhippichum oru puthiya samuchayam roopappeduthunnu. rund diasabootadian samvidaanangalile electronukal muzhuvan samuchayathiludaneelam delocalise cheiyunnillennu gaa kendrathekkurichulla jyamiti soochippikkunnu. 
eee gaa (iii) hettarosaikkilinte valare pradhanappetta oru prathipravartthanam pottasyam lohathil kurayumbol enn-heterocyclic kaarbeenukalude gallium analogukal axus cheyyaanulla kazhivaanu. enn-heterocyclic kaarbeenukalude gallium analog munbu samanvayippichittundi, krithrimamaayi kooduthal eluppamulla "gaay" roottil ninnu enn-heterocyclic kaarbeenukalude bharameriya analogukalilekku praveshanam ullathu coordination rasathanthrathil puthiya vazhikal thurannu, athaayath puthiya gaa-emm bondukalilekkulla praveshanam.
"enn-heterocyclic kaarbeenukalude gallium analogukalkku samaantharamaayi aarr amgangalulla gaa (i) heterosaikkilukal axus cheyyaanum "gaay" upayogikkaam. eee neutral gaa (i) hettarosaikkilukal "gaay", lii [naknak] ennivayumaayi prathipravartthikkunnathi samanvayippikkaan kazhiyum.
guckpy guckpy *.
gaay" yumayullah mattoru rasakaramaaya prathikaranam haff-sandwich komplaksukalilekkulla eluppathilulla praveshanamaanu, gap *, gap. kooduthal krithrimamaayi budhimuttulla roottukal upayogichu hexameric gackp * aanu snockel aadyamaayi axus cheythath. ennirunnaalum, transition mettal komplexukalkkaayi valareyadhikam upayogikkunna ligandaaya gackp *, aavasyamulla ligandinte pottasyam uppumaayi "gaay" prathipravartthikkunnathi kooduthal lalithamaayi axus cheyyaan kazhiyumennu jutsy sahapravarthakarum kaanichu. benzyl iodide parshwa uthppannangal ozhivakkaan, "gaay", gackp * ligand enniva tolluninekkaal benzenil samanvayippichittundu. eee reethishaasthram upayogichu, sii. pii. * gaa, gaa gaa enniva kooduthal praayogika prathikarana saahacharyangalil vrithiyaayi samanvayippichittundu.
koodaathe, guck * nekkaal sterik aayi thadassappedunna guckp oru "gaay" mungaamiyiloode axus cheyyaamennu shenk sahapravarthakarum kaanichu. gaay" yumayullah naakpi-yude metatheesis prathikaranam upayogichu eee ligand samanvayippikkaan kazhiyum. eee gackp ligand upayogichathu upayogichathu complexilake dative bonded gackp upayogichu pravesikkaanaanu. eee samuchayam asaadhaaranamaaya oru daathaakkalude-sweekarthaakkalude gaa-gaa bandhathe pradarshippikkunnu. levis assid bii bii 3 complexes oru dative bonded gyaakp upayogichu axus cheyyaanum gackp upayogikkaam. eee rund complexukalkkum, gackp * analogukal samanvayippikkukayum ex-reey christalography pinthunaykkukayum cheythu, pratheekshichathupole, gackp * gaakkinekkaal alpam sakthamaaya daathaavaanennu.
guck * pole, guckpick sii. pii. jii. eiii-sii. aarr (qoo) 5 allengil (tii. echu. eph) guck (qoo) 4} 2 nalkunnathinu sii. sii. pii. eiii-sii. aarr (qoo) 5 polulla transition mettal komplexukalumaayi ekopippikkaanum kazhiyum. sii. pii. jii. eiii-sii. aarr (qoo) 5 nuu, guck-sii. aarr bondinte neelam (<aii. dii. 2> pii. emm) oru guck. eiii. pii * analoginu (<aii. dii. 1> pii. emm) samaanamaan. eee samuchayathinu, trans efakttum nireekshikkappedunnu, avide sii. aii. ezz. sii. aarr-qoo bondukalumaayi (<aii. dii. 1> pii. emm) thaarathamyappeduthumbol sii. aarr-qoo boond trans cheiyunnathu (186 pii. emm). gackpick gackpy * nuu samanamaaya oru terminal ligandaayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyumenkilum, gackpy analogukal avayude gackpy * athiraalikalekkaal vegathil prathikarikkunnuvennu nirnnayichu. kuranja sterik bulk gackpick kaaranamakaam, kuranja thapanilayil pravartthikkunnathu gaak ligaandukalulla sthirathayulla komplexukalilekku praveshikkaan sahaayikkumenn naglavum sahapravarthakarum abhipraayappettittund.
sii. aarr (qoo) 5 (saiklokttin) yumayullah prathipravartthanathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, gackp *, gackp ennivayude * (qoo) 8 ennivayumaayulla prathipravartthanangal ganyamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu. dicobalt octacarbonyl allengil * (qoo) 8 vividha isomeric avasthakalil nilavilundu. atharamoru isomeril rund bridging qoo ligandukal adangiyirikkunnu. gackp * * (qoo) 8-maayi prathipravartthikkumbol, qoo vaathakathin thulyamaaya rund vaathakangal purathuvidukayum (qoo) (qoo) ["" μ "2-(" "η" 5-gackp *)] 2-qoo (qoo) 3 roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. ithu dicobalt octacarbonyl complexil ninnu uruthirinjathaanu, avide bridging qoo moyittikal bridging gackp * moyittikalaal maattisthaapikkappedunnu. maruvashathu, gaaliyathinu rund qoo (qoo) 4 unitukalumaayi sigma prathipravartthanangallu (thf) gackp {qoo (qoo) 4} 2 roopeekarikkaan kaarban dye oxidative kootticherkkal (qoo) 8-lake gackp prapthamaakkunnu. eee puthiya samuchayathil sharashari gaa-qoo bondinte neelam <aii. dii. 1> pii. emm aanu, gallium aupachaarikamaayi + 3 ooksideshan avasthayilaanu. mothatthil, oru "gaay" mungamiyil ninnulla gaachinte neraaya samanvayathinu kuranja vaalant speesheesukalulla transition mettal chemistry vyaapthi vipuleekarikkunnathil niravadhi gunangalundu.
gallium klasttarukal.
oru "gaay" mungamiyil ninnu vividha gallium klasttarukalum samanvayippichittundu. snockel sahapravarthakarum thayyaaraakkiyathupole gallium adisthaanamaakkiyulla niravadhi klasttarukal munbu gacks mungaamikalil ninnu samanvayippichittundu. ennirunnaalum, kooduthal eluppathil axus cheyyaavunna "gaay" starting metteeriyal upayogichu puthiya klasttarukalum thayyaaraakkiyittund. eee koottangale palappozhum [sii (siim 3) 3] − polulla valia silail allengil jermil ionukal ulla lavanangalayi verthirichirikkunnu. oru otappetta gallium klasttarinte oru udaaharanam [ga9 {si (sme3) 3} 6] − aanu, ithinu panchabhujaakrithiyilulla bipyramidal polyhedral gadanayundu. - 78 digri selshyasil tollunil lii (thf) (thf) (siim 3) 3-maayi "gaay" prathipravarthippichaanu ithu samanvayippikkunnathu. eee prathikaranam vaividhyamaarnna uthppannangal axus cheiyunnuvennu theliyikkappettittund, ithu pinneedu malbrech sahapravarthakarum anweshicha vishalamaaya "gaay" rachanakalkk kaaranamakaam. eee uthppannangalil, [ga9 {si (sme3) 3} 6]-prathyekichum savisheshamaan, kaaranam Ga-kku valare kuranja sharashari ooksideshan avastha (0.56) undennu kandethi, koodaathe eee klasttarin polyhedron vertisukalekkaal kurachu aarr pakarakkaarund. samanamaaya prathikarana paathakaliloode verthirichedutha mattu klasttarukalil klasttarukalil {sii (siim 3) 3} 6], ithu oru kanjankto-polyedral klastaraanu, koodaathe moonnu 2-electron-2-sentarum moonnu 2-electron-3-sentar bondukalum adangiya closso-silattetraagalleyn ayoon ulppedunnu. rasakaramennu parayatte, oru oru idanila inathilekku praveshikkaan sub-stoikiyometrik alavukalulla aii2 upayogikkumbol maathrame eee randaamathe inathe samanvayippikkaan kazhiyoo. ithu draavaka gallium lohav iodine poorttheekaranatthinu munbulla prathipravartthanathinu thulyamaanu, mukalil vishadeekarichathupole, "gaayi" yude yude 2 [gaa +] 2 2 vakabhedathilekku praveshikkunnu. gallium adisthaanamaakkiyulla vishalamaaya samuchayangal axus cheiyunnathile "gaay" mungamiyude vaividhyathe ithu eduthukaanikkunnu.
"parivartthana lohangalude mungamikalumaayi klasttar tharam samyukthangalum "gaay" roopappeduthaam. oru udaaharanam "gaay" yum (2,6-pMP2c6h3) 2co, (pMP = c6me5) umm thammilulla prathikaranamaanu, ithu oru nido-type klasttar nalkunnu. eee thanmatra oru cubaininu samaanamaanenn visheshippikkappettindu, athil konukal lohav oru moola neekkam cheytha iodine aattangale bandhippikkunnathumaanu. gallium polulla 13 attangal adangiya transition mettal samyukthangalude asaadhaarana jyamiti kaaranam ithu prathyekichum savisheshamaaya oru qoo-gaay klastaraanu. qtaim vishakalanathiloode kanakkaakkunnathupole boond critical pooyintukalum boond paathakalum qoo-gaa bondukal undengilum gaa-gaa bondukal illennu pinthunaykkunnu.
avasaanamaayi, gackp *, loaks (i.iii. auyi (pii. eph. 3) allengil ookl (pii. eph. 3). eee klasttaril chrystallographicaly sthireekaricha aadyathe gaa-ooo bondukal adangiyirunnu. eee klasttarile gaa-ooo, aou-ooo bondukalude boond critical pooyintukaludeyum athupole thanne aattomik chaarjukalude enbo vishakalanathinteyum adisthaanathil, eee klasttarine gaa ligandukalaal bandhippicha oru eyu 3 klasttaraayi mikacha reethiyil vivarikkaamenn nirnnayichu. koodaathe, enbo vishakalanam kaanikkunnath gackp * ligaandukalkullile gaaliyangalile charge aou aattangalile chaarjinekkaalum gaii 2 mottifukalkkullile gallium aattangalile chaarjinekkaalum valare kooduthalaanennu. ithu soochippikkunnathu noonn-bridging gaa-ooo bondukal uyarnna dhruveekrithamaanennaanu, athesamayam micro-bridging gaa-ooo bondukal kooduthal noonn-pollar kovalant swabhaavamullavayaanu. gallium klasttar rasathanthram valare vishadamaayi paryavekshanam cheythittundenkilum, kooduthal tractable "gaay" mungamiyumaayi klasttarukal axus cheyyaan kazhiyunnath mattu gacks mungaamikalil ninnu axus cheyyaan kazhiyaatha puthiya speesheesukale kandethaan anuvadichekkaam.

