
nicopolis

roman pravisyayaaya epirus vettasinte thalasthaana nagaramaayirunnu nicopolis (Киотолис) allengil aaktiya nicopolis. greasile preevesaykkaduthaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. bii. sii. 31ll aduthulla aaktiyam yudhathil aantoni, cleopatra ennivaykkethiraaya vijayathinte smaranaykkaayi okdaaviyan bii. sii. 29laanu eee nagaram sthaapichathu.
purathana nagaratthinte sradheyamaaya niravadhi avashishtangal innu sandarshikkaam.
charithram.
foundeshan.
bii. sii. 29-ll, aaktiyam naavika yudhathile vijayathin 2 varshathinu sesham, okdaaviyan nicopolis (vijayathinte nagaram) ennu vilikkunna oru puthiya nagaram sthaapichu, ithu epairasinte thekke attathu sthithicheyyunnu, purathana pattanamaya aakttiyathil ninnu thuramukhathinte mukhathu. eee foundeshan mahanaaya alexander muthalulla oru paarambaryatthe prathidhwanikkukayum aduthide littil armeniyayile nicopolisinte sthaapakanaaya pompey chithreekarikkukayum cheythu (bii. sii. 63). pratheekaathmakamaayi, puthiya nagaram oru bharanathinu keezhil roman saamraajyathinte vijayakaramaya ekeekaranathinte oru udaaharanamaanu. bhoomishaasthraparamaayi, medittareniyante kizhakkan, padinjaaran bhagangal thammilulla oru pradhana gathagatha, ashayavinimaya connectaayirunnu ithu. saambathikamaayi, moonnaam macedonian yudhathil (171-167 bisi) lucius emilius poolas macedonicus nadatthiya naashatthil ninno allengil bisi 87-86 sullayude keezhil nadanna kooduthal naashatthil ninno orikkalum karakayaratha eee pradeshathe punasamghadippikkaanum punarujjeevippikkanum ithu sahayichu. medittareniyan kadal pathakalil eee thantrapradhaana sthaanathu oru pradhana vaanijya kendravum thuramukhavum sthaapichu.
nicopolisinu vadakkulla oru kunninpuratthu, thante koodaaram sthaapichirunna sthalathum innathe smirtoula graamatthinte vadakku bhaagathum okdaaviyan thante rakshaadhikaariyaayi kanakkaakkappedunna apolloic oru smaarakavum sankethavum nirmmichu, koodaathe neptyoon, chovva ennee rund devanmarkku athinte vijayathin nalkia sambhaavanakalkk trophikalum nalki. pidicheduttha gaalikalude aattukottanmaar kondu alankarichathaanu eee smaarakam. thante vijayathinte kooduthal aaghoshathil addeham apollo aakttiyasinte bahumaanaartham naaluvarshakkala aaktiyan games aarambhichu.
bii. sii. 27-ll okdaaviyan saamraajyathiludaneelamallu oru bharanaparishkaranam nadappaakki. puthiya "poolis" ambrasia, akkarnaniyayude bhooribhaagavum, padinjaaran aetolia ennivayulppedeyulla thekkan epairasinte pradeshangalude thalasthaanamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. casopia, ambrassia, akkarnaniyayude chila bhagangal (leukkakal, palairos, amphilochian argos, kaalidon, lysimakia ennivayulppede), padinjaaran ettoliya ennivayulppede chuttumulla pradeshangalile niravadhi nivaasikal puthiya nagaratthilekku marran nirbandhitharaayi. mattu karyangalkkoppam, amphictonic kaunsililekku anchu prathinidhikale ayaykkanulla avakasham athu nedi. oru senattettar pravishyayile oru nagaramenna nilayil, nicopolis svanthamaayi chembu nanayangal achadikkaan thudangi (268 vare).
nagaratthinte aditharayude aadya anchu varshangalil, praadeshika adhikaarikal nagara mathilukaludeyum thiyettar, stadium, jimneshyam, oodiyan, akwadakt ennivayulppede bhooribhaagam pothu kettidangaludeyum nirmmaanathinu melnottam vahichu. nagaratthinte padinjaaran kavaadam ionian thuramukhamaaya komarosumaayi oru rooad vazhi bandhippichirikkunnu. oduvil nagaram ekadesham 375 ekkar sthalam kaivashappedutthi.
nicopolisinte krithyamaaya niyamaparamaaya padavi chila tharkkangalkk vishayamaanengilum, nicopolisumaayi samakalikamaaya greasile mattu roman foundeshanukalaaya pathras, philippi, epirus, buttrottom, epidemnus ennivayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, nagaram oru roman kolaniyaayirunnilla, allengil mathramalla (roman sainika vettaranmaarum avide sthirathaamasamaakkiyathaayi soochippikkunnu) marichu oru swatantra nagravum (sivitaas libara nicopolitaana).iii. oru poolis (greak nagaram), swathanthravum svayambharanaadhikaaramullathum, "sivitaas libera", "sivitaas foderatta" ennivayude savisheshathakalullathum, oru udambadi ("foydus") vazhi romumaayi bandhippichathumaanu.
onnaam noottaand.
angane athinte sthaapakan ganyamaaya swathukkal nalki, puthiya nagaram roman kaalaghattatthil athivegam vikasichu; yudhathil kollayadicha smaarakangalal augustus athine alankarichu, pakshe athu mahanaaya veerante rakshaakarthruthvathinum kadappettirikkunnu. rund thuramukhangal, onnu amvrakikos gulfilum onnu orupakshe vathiyilum onnu ionian kadalile comerosilum (figue. 4), roman oorthoganal griddle nirmmicha nagaratthinte vaanijya vikasanam urappakki, athinte ganyamaaya valippam (ekadesham 180 hector) kondu verthirichirikkunnu.
augustasinte marumakkalum datheduttha makanumaaya germanicus siriyayilekkulla yaathraamadhye nagaram sandarshikkukayum eiii. dii 18-ll avide thante randaamathe koonsal padavi aaghoshikkukayum cheythu. 30-31 ll, roman koonsal popius sabinus nicopolis sandarshichu.
aii. dii. 1-leeii shaithyakaalath, aposthalanaaya poulos shaithyakaalam nicopolisil chelavazhikkaan theerumaanikkukayum titasinulla thante kathililoode thante sahapravarthakanaaya taittasine kreyittil ninnu thannodoppam cheraan shanikkukayum cheythu. nagaratthil oru kristhyan samooham nilavilundaayirunnuvennu thonnunnu.
66-ll, romile oru bheekaraakramanathinteyum saambathika parimithikaludeyum pashchaathalatthil, neero chakravarty kizhakottulla oru aasoothrithamaaya mahathaaya yaathraykk pakaramaayi greasylake kooduthal mithamaaya oru yaatra nadatthi. aaktiyan gamesil pankedukkunnathinaayi addeham greak paryadanatthil nicopolis sandarshikkukayum addehathinte bahumaanaartham nicopolisil achadicha nanayangalil soochippichirikkunnathu ratha oottathil vijayiyayi kireedamaniyukayum cheythu.
94-oode, nicopolisilekku poya pramukha stoik thathwachinthakanaaya hyrapolisile epictattas ulppedeyulla thathwachinthakare domissian chakravarty romil ninnu purathaakki. addeham svanthamaayi oru vidyaalayam sthaapikkukayum thante thathwachinthayekkurichu addeham ezhuthiya kurippukalkk nandi paranju traajante bharanakaalathu thante vidyaarthikalil oraale kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. eiii. dii. 135 oode addeham avide vachu marichu.
randaam noottaand.
110-oode trajan chakravartthiyude keezhil roman sarkkar macedoniayudeyum achaayayudeyum bhaagangalil ninnu epirus pravishya roopeekarikkukayum athine svanthamaayi oru prathyeka pravisyayaakkukayum cheythu. nicopolis aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkunna oru "prokurettar augusty" epirusine niyanthrikkunnu. puthiya epirus pravisyayil thekk acarnania muthal achellus vare, ennaal vadakku apolloniayalla, ionian dveepukalaaya corfu, leukas, itaqa, sephalonia, saseenthas enniva ulppedunnu. uyarnna varumanam labhikkunnathin eee pradeshathinu karsanamaaya oru gavanment aavashyamaayirunnu ennathaanu parishkaranatthinu kaaranam. puthiya pravishya oru saamraajyathva "prokkurettarude" niyanthranathilaakki, purple fisheriesile oru "prokurettar" ulppede mattu prathyeka "prokurettarukal", avarude oafees mekhala acheya, tesali vare vyaapichu. eee bharanasamvidaanam chakravarty septimiyas severasinte (193-211) parishkaarangaliloodeyum chakravarty dioclesian (284-305) vare kedupaadukal koodaathe thudarnnathaayi thonnunnu.
128-ll, kizhakkilekkulla randaamathe yaathrayil (128-134) hadrian chakravarty bhaarya sabinaykkoppam nicopolis sandarshichu. saamraajyathva dambathikale ettavum uyarnna bahumathikalode sweekarichu nagaratthile cheria balipeetangal yathaakramam epirasinte ettavum pradhanappetta devanaaya syoos dodoniosumaayi (athippazham) swaamsheekaricha hadrian, sabeena ennivayude aaradhanaye saakshyappeduthunnu. 5) nicopolisinu purathu anjjaathamaaya deviyude roopamaaya artemis kelkaiah. thante thamasam muthaleduthu parethanaaya thante anuyaayikalkk oru kshethram nirmmikkaan hadrian shramichu.
eee samayathaan nagaratthinte padinjaaran kavaadam nirmmikkappettath, thekkan kavaadatthil ninnu noorukanakkinu meter vadakku, nicopolisinte pradhana kavaadamaayi maari.
180 oode, sabhaa charithratthile nicopolisinekkurichu adutha paramarsham rominte oru bishappaya eleutherius maarpaappayekkurichaanu, addeham ekadesham aii. dii. 1 ll ninnu bharichu. "lieber pontificalis" anusarichu nicopolisil janikkukayum romil oru deekkanaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu. romile bishappaayirunna kaalath sabha montanist vivaadathil earppettirunnu.
syria aasthaanamaayulla severus chakravarty mesopotemiyayil pracharanam nadatthi, akkeyaykkum epirusinum parokshamaaya prathyaaghaathangal undaakki eee prachaaranangalkk panam nalkaan sahaayikkunnathin, severus chakravarthikku nicopolis, patrey, epidorus, apollonia, thooriya, plaattilla, thessalian "koyinoon" ennivayulppede niravadhi prathyeka nanayangal nirmmikkendivannu.
pinneedu roman, baisaantain kaalaghattatthil.
moonnaam noottaandinte avasaanathil saamrajyam muzhuvan prashnangalude samayamaayirunnu gothum heruli nagaratthe aakramichuvenkilum thaalkkaalika kottakal kaaranam kolla ozhivakkaan kazhinju.
268ll heruli naavikarudeyum mattu gothravargakkaarudeyum sahaayathode gothukal roman saamraajyathinethire karaa-kadal samyuktha akramanam aarambhichu. saamraajyathva kappalppada propontisine vijayakaramaayi thirichadichuvenkilum avarude naavikasena bysantium, chrysopolis enniva nashippichu. athesamayam, karasena thrays marikadannu sparta vare thekk achaayayilekku thudarnnu; adhinivesha godhukalum herulikalum ethans kollayadikkukayum isthmas kadakkukayum korinthinte thaazhathe bhagam kollayadikkukayum kathikkukayum argosilekkum spartayilekkum munnerukayum, vazhiyile graamapradeshangale nasippikkukayum rund nagarangalum kathikkukayum cheythu. ivide saamraajyathva karaa, kadal senakal ethir akramanam nadathukayum aakramanakaarikal beotia, acarnania, epirus, macedonia, thrays ennivayiloode mosiyayilekku madangunna vazhiyil alanjuthiriyukayum cheythu.
epirusil, nicopolis nivaasikal kottakalude attakuttappanikal thidukkathil nadathukayum apakadam ozhivakkaan kazhiyukayum cheythappol, korfuvinte nethaakkal swantham sainyathe samghadippikkukayum epirasilekku kadakkukayum gothukale karayil paraajayappedutthukayum cheythu.
roman sainyam godhukaleyum avarude sakhyakakshikaleyum pinthudarnnu naisasil avare paraajayappeduthi. oru pravishya kendramaayi maathram maariyathode nagarathinu athinte praadhaanyavum prasasthiyum nashtappettathayi thonnunnu. 
293-ll, dioclesian parishkaarangalude bhaagamaayi, epirus pravishya "epirus vettas" ennariyappettu (adrianopolis, phoenis, ogchismos, buthrottam enniva ettavum vadakkan pradhana nagarangalayi, akkarnania corfu dveepukalum, ithaakkayum, thekk leukkakalum ulppede). nicopolis aayirunnu thalasthaanam.
athesamayam, vadakkan epairasinte pradesham (thekkan athirthikalile apollonia, baillis, amanshya enniva ulppede) "epirus nova" ennariyappettu, thalasthaanamaaya dirachium. macedonia, tesali, achiya ennivaykkoppam rund pravishyakalum vadakkupadinjaaran baalkkanile naalu pravishyakal ulppedunna mossia roopathayil ulppeduthiyittundu. sephalonia, saisinthus, saitera ennee dveepukal acheya pravisyayil ulppeduthiyittundu.
epirus vettas, epirus nova enniva niyanthrikkunnath oru "presus" aayirunnu.
300 oolam ezhuthumbol, numediayile oru arnobius akkeya, macedonia, epirus ennividangalil kristhyan samoohangalude nilanilppinekkurichu paraamarshichu.
ekadesham 330-ll, epirasil ninnulla bishappukal 325-ll nikkaayayude aadyathe ecumenical kaunsilil pankedutthathaayi siseriyayile aadyathe mahanaaya palli charitrakaaranaaya eusebius paraamarsikkunnu. ithu soochippikkunnathu 325-nuu kurachu samayathinu munbu bishappukalum oru episcopal administrative sisttavum sthaapikkappettirunnu. konsttantain kaalam vare, nicopolisile bishoper corinth metropolittan adikaaraparidhiyil vannathayi karuthappedunnu, ennaal chakravarty dioclesian, konsttantain (306-337) ennivarude bharanaparamaya parishkarangalkkoppam nicopolis thanne epirus vettasinte metropolittan nagaramaayi maari. moonnaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil alexandriayude uthbhavam nicopolisilekku pooyi pazhaya niyamatthinte apoorva greak vivarthanam kandethiyathayum eusebius paraamarsikkunnu.
327ll konstaantain chakravarty mossia roopathaye dassia, macedonia enningane vibhajichu. epairasinte rund pravishyakal, macedonia, tesali, achaaya ennee pravishyakal enniva macedonia roopathayude (thalasthaana thesalonica) bhaagamaayi.
343-ll, sardica kaunsilinte niyamangalil, nicopolisile oru bishop, oru isidoros enna peril namukk aadyam paraamarshamund.
361-ll puthuthayi niyamithanaaya koonsal, vaachaadopakaaranaaya claudius mamertinus, dalmatiayileyum epirusileyum kanatha nikuthiyekkurichu paraamarshichu yuva chakravarthiyaaya juuliyan (360-363) nuu oru pannegrik kaimari. chakravartthiyude punarudhaarana pravarthanangalkku abhinandanam ariyikkunnathinide ettavum pradhanappetta chila smarakangal nasippichathinu addeham oonnal nalki.
kristhyan nicopolis.
libaniasinteyum themistiyasinteyum neethrthwathilulla saamraajyathiludaneelamallu saamskaarika sarcutil ulppetta epirusil ninnulla chila pramukha purushanmarumaayi jooliyante adutha bandhatthinte rekhakalude adisthaanathil, naalam noottaandinte madhyathil epirusil kristhumatham vyaapakamaayirunnilla (addehathinte purajaatheeya nayatthinte bhaagamaayi juuliyan aaktiyan geyimukalkku veendum pinthuna nalki), ennaal addehathinte maranashesham athu eee pradeshathu dooravyaapakamaayi vyaapichu, 371,372 varshangalil valentian purappeduvicha niyamanirmmaanathil ninnu vilayiruthumbol, athinte druthagathiyilulla vyaapanathinte chila prathikoola phalangal nikathaan sramikkukayum, 343 ll nicopolis bishop ozhike anchaam noottaand vare epirus nagarangalile bishappumarekkurichu rekhaamoolamulla rekhakalonnumilla.
381-leeii constantinoppil kaunsilinteyum moonnaamathe (431), naalaamathe (451) ecumenical kaunsilukaludeyum niyamangal, anchu pithaakkanmaarkk sesham, sabhaa bharanakramathil aaram sthaanathullathaayi thessalonikayude kaazhchaye amgeekarichu. elarikkathinte seasil thessalonica onnaam sthaanavum korinthum nicopolis thudarnnu.
431-ll, ephesasile moonnaamathe ecumenical kaunsilinte niyamangal nicopolisile metropolittan bishop donatus (sii. 425-432).
nicopolisile aattikkas bishop chaalsedon kaunsilil pankedutthirunnu.
epirus, illirikkam ennividangalil ninnulla bhooribhaagam bishappumarum mattu prathinidhikalum romile bishop selestin onnaamanteyum (422-432) alexandriayile bishop sirilinteyum yaadhaasthithika daivashaasthraparamaaya nilapad constantinoppil nestoriyasinte paathriyarkkeesinethire uyarthippidichu. eee samayat, nicopolisile bishop donatus nestoriyanisavumaayi bandhappett alexandriayile bishop sirilumaayi oru kathidapaadukal nadatthi.
451-ll, nicopolisile bishop aattikkas ulppede aarr epirottu bishappukal chalsedonile naalaamathe ecumenical kaunsilil pankedutthu. eee bishappumarellam romile bishappinte pinthunayulla diophysisathinte yaadhaasthithika nilapaadinu anukoolamaayi kaunsilinte theerumaanangalil oru apavaadavumillaathe oppuvachu.
pinneedu epirus bishappukal naalaamathe ecumenical kaunsilinte saadhuta amgeekarikkunnathinaayi oru pravishya syned nadatthi. nicopolisile bishop eugenius romile lioo onnaaman maarppaappaykk ezhuthiya kathil oppitta ombathu bishappumaarude pattika njangalude pakkalund.
fottikkiyile bishop diadocosinte kaalam koodiyaayirunnu ithu (c. 450-458), oru vishudhanum sabhayude pithavum. addeham theprotia enna vishalamaaya jillayude thalasthaanamaaya pradeshatthinte bishop mathramalla, moonnu nilavilulla pradhanappetta daivashaasthra grandhangalude rachayithaavum koodiyaayirunnu.
munbu paraamarshicha nicopolis bishop alexandria bishop thammilulla kathidapaadukalude ariyippumayi samyojippichu, diadocosinte rachanakalil ninnu, aamphoraykkoppam padicha grandhangalum anchaam noottaandil kizhakkan medittareniyan, epirus ennivaykkidayil sanjarichathaayi namukk anumanikkaan kazhiyum.
daivashaasthrathekkurich sanyasijeevithathinte samghadanayekkurichum saidhaanthikavum praayogikavumaaya ashayangal kizhakkan medittareniyan muthal epirus vare vyaapichathaayum diadocosinte grandhangal kaanikkunnu. vaasthavathil, diadocosinte swantham rachanakalilonnil oru paramarsham soochippikkunnathu addeham fottikkiyile oru aashramathinte ahankaariyaayirunnuvennum 450-kalil epirusinu kuranjathu aankarettik, coenobitic sanyasi samoohangalenkilum undaayirunnuvennum soochippikkunnu.
ekadesham 460 muthal, anchu edanaazhikalulla metropolittan basilica bii yill ninnu aarambhich aarr basilikkakalude oru parambara nirmikkappettu. karakaushalathozhilaalikal pala basilikkakalum uyarnna nilavaaramulla mosaikkukal kondu alankarikkukayum svanthamaayi workshop vikasippikkukayum 550 vare pravartthikkukayum cheythu. avarude swaadheenam epairasinte backie bhaagangalilekkum orupakshe kizhakkan illarikkathil kooduthal akaleyilekkum vyaapichu.
nicopolis basilikkakalil ettavum valuthum orupakshe metropolittan bishappinte pradhana palliyayi pravarthichirunnathumaaya basilica bii aayirunnu. bishop aalsisan (491-516) basilica bii yude thekkan anubandhathilekku chila kootticherkkalukal sponsor cheythathayi oru likhitham namme ariyikkunnu, orupakshe 500 oolam.
474ll seno chakravarty akramikalumaayi samadhana charchakal aarambhichu. ennaal charchakalil, thangalude sthaanam shakthippeduthunnathinaayi, akramikal veendum greak theerathe nasippikkukayum nicopolis pidichedukkukayum avarude mochanam urappakkaan mochanadravyamaayi nalkenda thadavukaare edukkukayum cheythu.
augustasinte kaalath nirmmicha nicopolisinte mathilukal prathirodha aavasyangalkku vendiyallaayirunnuvennu 474ll pravarthichilla ennatho vyakthamaan, kaaranam akramikal uparodha upakaranangal sajjeekarikkathe nagaram pidichadakkiyappol mathilukalulla nagaramaya taineram pidichadakkunnathil parajayappettu. anganeyaanengil, augusts sthaapicha nagaratthinte aarilonn maathram ulkkollunna justinian mathilukal 474 nuu munbu nirmmichavayalla. enthaayaalum, nicopolis mathilukal, orupakshe 480-510 kaalaghattatthile (dirachium pole), ishtikakal, mortar, avashishtangal enniva upayogichaanu nirmmichathu.
eee raid thadavukaare pidikoodalum nicopolisinte adisthaana soukaryangalilum pouranmaarude maanasikaavasthayilum vinashakaramaaya swaadheenam cheluthukayum nagaratthinte saamoohikavum saambathikavumaaya jeevithathe baadikkukayum cheythu. nagaratthile janasamkhya munbundaayirunnathinte aarilonn aayi kuraykkunnathumaayum, kotta nilakondirunna vadakkukizhakkan bhaagath parimithappeduthunnathum, mikacha prathirodham nalkunnathinaayi kattiyulla mathilukal kondu athine shakthippeduthunnathumaayuma ithu nerittu bandhappettirikkam.
paraamarshichathupole, anaestasius chakravartthiyude monophysite nayatthinte ethiraaliyaaya bishop aalsisan (491-516), addehathinte peru sweekaricha anchu edanaazhikalulla metropolittan basilica bii yilek anubandhangal cherkkunnathinu melnottam vahichu.
ekadesham 515ll, floor mosaikkukalude shakalangalulla moonnu edanaazhikalulla basilica δ nirmikkappettu.
516-ll, vettas epirusile ettu bishappumarum oru syned nadathukayum rakthasakshiyaaya bishop aalsisante pingamiyaayi ionesine thiranjedukkukayum cheythu. yaadhaasthithika vishwaasathil avarude sthiratha aavarthichukondu bishop eoinus oru deekkan, rufinasine, hormisdas maarppaappaykk oru kathinoppam ayachu. epirus vettasinte ezhaamathe praadeshika episcopal sinadaanu syned.
551-ll, adriyaattikkinte kizhakk bhaagath oru baisaantain sainika nirmmaanathekkurichulla reportukalkku marupadiyaayi, austrogothukalude rajaavaaya totila, 300 amgangalulla oru kappalpadaye corfuvilekku ayachu. ottakappakshikal athum sameepathulla dveepukalum kollayadichu. ulnaadan dodoni, nicopolis ennivaykku chuttumulla pradeshangalum avar kollayadikkukayum naarsukalilekku saadhanangal athikkunnathinaayi niravadhi baisaantain kappalukal pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
555 oode, procopius parayunnathanusarichu, nagara kottakalude naveekaranavum puthiya prathirodhangalude nirmmanavum ulppedunna thante valia padhathiyude bhaagamaayi justin chakravarty nicopolisinte kottakal naveekarichu.
nilavilulla floor mosaikkukalude vipulamaaya parambara kondu alankaricha moonnu edanaazhikalulla basilikkayude nirmmaanam. thudangi. bishop dumessius onnaaman basilica bii yill chila kootticherkalukalum ("paastophoriya") nadatthi, thekkan thuramukhamaaya magaronesinu sameepam moonnu edanaazhikalulla basilica ε nirmmichu.
575 oode, moonnu edanaazhikalulla basilica γ nirmmikkukayum basilica α bishop dumessius randaamante keezhil poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu.
587-ll slavik gothrangalumaayi sakhyamundaakkiya avarukal tesali, atikka, euboya, peloponesos ennivayulppede thress, macedonia, achaava, athupole thanne epirus vettas ennivaye aakramichu, avide akramanam euroya vare athiyathaayi thonnunnu, pakshe casop nicopolis allah.
625-ll, bishappine romilethunnathil ninnu thadanja dushkaramaaya yatra saahacharyangale paraamarshichu onnaaman marpappa nicopolisile metropolittan hypatiasinu oru kathu ayachu.
madhyakaalakhattam muthal varthamaanakaalam vare.
nicopolis thalasthaanamaayirunna epirus vettas pravishya, justinian onnaaman krameekaricha paashchaathya purushaadhipathyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu, athu maarppaappayude adikaaraparidhiyil nerittu vidheyamaayirunnu; ennaal, ekadesham 732 ll, lioo dhii issorian chakravartthiyude iconoclastic nayathodulla maarppaappayude cheruthunilppu kaaranam athine konstantinoppilinte paathriyarkkeesin vidheyamaakki.
787-leeii ecumenical kaunsilil pankeduttha anaestasius aayirunnu nicopolisile avasaanathe bishop. taamasiyaathe, nicopolis veenathinethudarnnu metropolittan zee noupaaktasilekku maatti. ithu pinneedu "noticia episcopaattumil" angane kandethi.
madhyakaalakhattathil nicopolis prevesa pattanathaal maattisthaapichu.
1798ll nepolian prevesayil nilayurappicha franch viplava sainikar purathana nicopolisinte shavakudeerangalilum avashishtangalilum kuzhichidukayum vividha nidhikal kollayadikkukayum cheythu. iva pinneedu alii paashayude sainyam pidichedutthu, avar franchukaareyum avarude greak sakhyakakshikaleyum paraajayappeduthi.
1912ll onnaam balcan yudhathil greak sainyam pidicheduttha eee pradeshathu nadanna vividha yudhangalkku "prevesa yuddham" ennathinekkaal "nicopolis yuddham" ennu perittu.
puraavasthushaasthram.
ippol palia prevesa ("pazhaya prevesa") ennariyappedunna nicopolisinte avashishtangal, pattanatthinu vadakku 5 kilometer akale, gulf oof artayude (sainas ambrassius) oru cheria ulkkadalil, gulfine ionian kadalil ninnu verthirikkunna upadveepinte isthmasinte ettavum idungiya bhagathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. acropolis koodaathe, ettavum sradheyamaaya savisheshathakal ivayaanu
aduthulla nicopolis archaeological myoosiyathil niravadhi pradarshanangalundu.