
birr hima paara petroglyphukalum likhithangalum

thekkupadinjaaran soudi arabiayile najran pravisyayil najran nagarathinu vadakku bhaagathulla oru paarakalaasthalamaanu birr hima (). purathana paleolithic, neolithic saittaya birr hima complexes bisi 7000-1000 kaalaghattatthe ulkkollunnu. vadakkan arabiyil ninnu yemanilekku samanamaaya niravadhi trafukal birr himayil adangiyirikkunnu.
2021 joolaiyil yuneskoyude loka paithruka sthalamaaya hima saamskaarika mekhalayude bhaagamaayi ithu naamanirddesham cheyyappettu.
charithram.
eee aavaasavyavasthayile manushyarude adhiniveshathinte purathana charithram athinte vanyajeevikal, jalam, chunnaambukallu bhoopradesam ennivayude vibhavangalkkaan. sameepa varshangalil prashamsa nediya soudi arabiayude paarakala austreliya, india, dakshinaafrikka ennividangalil kaanapedunna mattu udaaharanangalkkoppam lokathile ettavum sambannamaaya onnaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1951leeii filby-rickmans-lippen paryaveshanatthiloode eee pradesham paryavekshanam cheyyukayum iii. prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. anati (1969-72). paarakalile chithrangal bisi 300-200 theeyathiyilulla manalkkall roopeekaranathil insett cheythathayi pinneedu sradhikkappettu. 1976ll jubba mattu sthalangalum anweshichathinushesham maathramaan athinte sambannamaaya paara petroglyphukal soudi arabiayude puraavastu vakuppinte shradha pidichupattiyathu. eee kalaroopathekkurichu anweshikkunna paryaveshana amgangaliloraal birr himayile purathana kinarukalkku padinjaaru oru sthalam kandethi, avide addeham 250 chithrangal record cheythu.
kandethalukal.
purathana paleolithic, neolithic saittaya birr hima, najraante vadakku bhagathaayi sthithicheyyunnu, ithu oru thaazhnna paleolithic allengil ooldoovan saittayi tharamthirickunnu. petroglifukalkku purame, eee kalaasrishtikkaayi upayogikkunna kothupanikalum (choppar allengil kallu upakaranangalude roopathil) ivide kandethi, kwaartsait, andesite, flint thudangiya vasthukkal upayogichaanu ithu nirmmichirikkunnathu. chithrangal venkalam kondu alekhanam cheythathayi thonnunnu. 1950kalil thudakkathil kandethiyappol, kataarakalum vaalukalum, ambukalulla villukal, thirashcheena ambukal, ariwal vaalukal, throw-sttikkukal enniva ulppettathaayirunnu petroglyphukal. eee chithreekaranangal athmeeya jeevaathmaavinte pratheekamaayi vyaakhyaanikkappettu. 
najraante bhaagamaayi, jubba mekhalayil maathram kaanapedunna petroglyphukalude oru nidhiyaan birr hima. ivide 100 sthalangal thiricharinjittundu. najran pradeshathu 1,800-ladhikam ottakangalum 1,300 manushya chithreekaranangalum ulppede 6,400 manushyarudeyum mrugangaludeyum chithreekaranangal rekhappeduthiyittundu. eee pradhana paarakalaasthalathu, manushyarudeyum jiraafukaludeyum mattu mrugangaludeyum chithreekaranangalkku purame, aaram noottaandile najran kaivashappedutthiya himarayat rajaavaaya dhu nuvaasinte likhithangalum rekhappeduthiyittundu. niravadhi ottaka sakalangal aii. dii. 1. enna sthalathu khananam cheythu. athinte kothupanikal vettakkaarude paletinekkaal valare munbaayirikkaam, villu kondu aayudhadhaariyaaya birr hima yodhaavu vettakkaarude paletile purushanmarumaayi eathaandu saamyamullathaan. alle-musmada aksharamala, aramic-nabatian, thekke arabian, greak, islaamik ennivayulppede vividha lipikalilaayi aayirakkanakkin likhithangalum kandethiyittundu.

