
vaitt puerto ricans

vaitt puerto ricans () saadhaaranayaayi prabalamaaya europian vamshaparambara kaaranam "vaitt" ennu svayam thirichariyunna puerto ricans aanu. vaitt puerto rican" enna padavum "coloured puerto rican" enna padavum american prathirodha vakupp avar thayyarakkukayum american vann-drope niyamathe adisthaanamaakki thayyarakkukayum cheytha vellakkaarallaatha aalukalumaayulla avarude swantham vadakke american prashnam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi srishtichu.
padanangal kaanikkunnath prakaram puerto rikkanmaaril 4 ll 1 allengil 25 sathamaanam perr eathaandu shudhamaaya europian vamsajarum kuranjatho mishrithamillaathatho aanu. itharathilulla puerto rikkaanukalude ettavum uyarnna saandrata madhya, vadakkupadinjaaran pradeshangalil kaanam.
spanish-pradhaanamaayum canarian-kudiyettakkaarkku purame, france, yunaittad kingdom, porchugal, itali, jarmmani, ireland, scandinavia ennividangalil ninnulla niravadhi kudumbangalude adhika europianmaar, dweep speyininte oru videsha pravishya aayirunnappol puerto recoylake kudiyeri, prathyekichu 1800 kalil 1815 leeii rajakeeya kalppana kaaranam, avide spain mattu europian rajyangalil ninnu puerto recoyilekkulla kudiyettatthe prothsaahippichu.
janasamkhyayude charithram.
1530ll govarnor lefttanant general francisco maanuval dii lando dveepil aadyakaala sensus nadathiyathu. 1765ll lefttanant general alexander oo 'railey nadatthiya sensus prakaram (chila srothassukal anusarichu) motham 44,883 janasamkhyayil 17,572 vellakkaaraan. 1765 muthal 1887 vareyulla sensus kramarahithamaya edavelakalil nadatthiya spanish sarkkaaraan nadathiyathu.
1899leeii sensus american aikyanaadukalile yuddha manthraalayamaanu eduthathu. 1910 muthal yunaittad stetts edukkunna ellah dashaka sensukalilum puerto rico ulppeduthiyittundu.
puerto recoyile nirvachanam.
saadhaaranayaayi europian vamshaparambarayude aadhipathyam kaaranam "vella" ennu svayam thirichariyunna puerto reconmaaraanu velutha puerto rickenmar. charitraparamaayi, eee aashayathinte uthbhavam colonial kaalaghattatthinu sheshamulla oru kaalaghattatthilaanu, athil vellakkarkkum niyamaanusrithamaaya mestisosukalkkum (ivide oro thalamurayilum oru rakshakarthaavu vellakkaranaayirikke niyamaanusrithamaaya maathaapithaakkalude naalu thalamurakaliloode mishrita velutha niratthilulla raktham ennartham) "vellakkarum mestisokalum maathram prathyekaavakaashamulla pothu offeesukalil ninnum bahumathikalil ninnum prathyekathakalil ninnum prathyekaavakaashangalil ninnum ozhivakkappetta oru vibhaagathil" malinamaaya jaathikale "verthirikkunnathu" upayogapradavum aavasyavumaanu "ennu kaunsil oof indees nirddeshichirunnu. angane, swatantra varnna janasamkhya avakashangal kaivasham vaykkaanum pothu padavi vahikkunnath ulppedeyulla aanukoolyangal prayogikkaanum yogyamallaatha "malinamaaya jaathikalil" pettavarayi kalankappeduthi. thalphalamaayi, niravadhi swatantra varnnakkar niyamaparamaaya velutha padavi thedi, pakshe poornna pourathvam nedunnathinum swatantra varnnakkaarkk labhyamallaatha bureaucratic avasarathinum "naalu thalamurakalude swathanthravum niyamaanusrithavumaaya vamshavali" theliyikkendathundu. thalphalamaayi, oraalude vamshavali veluppikkunnathinulla prakriya saadhaarana nilayilayi. vaitt puerto rican" enna padavum "coloured puerto rican" enna padavum american prathirodha vakupp avar thayyarakkukayum american vann-drope niyamathe adisthaanamaakki thayyarakkukayum cheytha vellakkaarallaatha aalukalumaayulla avarude swantham vadakke american prashnam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi srishtichu.
europian swaadheenam.
spain.
ekadesham 400 varshatholam spanish videsha pravisyayaayirunnu puerto rico. puerto rikkanmaarude europian vamshaparambarayil bhooribhaagavum speyinil ninnullavaraan. 1899-ll, america dweep akramikkukayum niyanthranam ettedukkukayum cheyth oru varshathinusesham, 61.8% aalukalude ennam vellakkaaraanennu thiricharinju. 2020 leeii yunaittad stetts sensus prakaram vellakkaraayi thiricharinja puerto rikkanmaarude aake ennam 17.1% aayirunnu.
puerto rikkanmaarude europian paithrikam pradhaanamaayum oru srothassil ninnaan varunnathu spaaniyaardukal (canarian, kaattalan, kaastiliyan, gallisian, aastooriyan, andalusians ennivayulppede), baaskkukal. ennirunnaalum, speyinile kaanari dveepukalkku puerto recoyil ettavum kooduthal swaadheenamundu, ivideyaanu mikka puerto reconmark avarude poorvvikare kandethaan kazhiyunnath. puerto rikkanmaaril 82 sathamaanavum spain, andalusia, kaanari dveepukal ennivayude thekkan pradeshangalil ninnullavaril ninnullavaraan.
kaanari dveepukaarude swaadheenam.
puerto recoyilekkulla canarian kudiyettatthinte aadya tharamgam 1695lum mattullava 1714,1720,1731,1797 ennivayilumaanennu thonnunnu. iberian bharanathinte aadya moonnu noottaandukalil puerto recoylake kudiyeriya canarianmaarude ennam oru paridhivare krithyathayumaayi ariyilla. ennirunnaalum doow. estela sifrey dii laubriyalum canarian kudiyettathekkurichulla mattu pandithanmaarum, doow. tenerifile laa laguna sarvakalaashaalayile maanuval gonsaalas hernandes, dveepinte parvathapradeshangalude ulbhaagathe "jibaro" allengil velutha karshakarude koottatthinte bhooribhaagavum avar roopeekarichathaayi sammathikkunnu.
amerikkayile backie rund spanish kolanikalaaya puerto rico, cuba ennividangalilekku dveepukal avarude vaanijya gathagathavum kudiyettavum vardhippichu. 1898leeii spanish-american yudhathinusheshavum amerikkayilekkulla canarian kudiyettam thudarnnu. canarian kudiyettatthinte thudarchayaaya thiramaalakal puerto recoyil ethi, avide muzhuvan graamangalum sthalam mattappetta dveepukaar sthaapichu.
1860kalil, motham dweep janasamkhya 237,036 ayirunna samayat prathivarsham 2,000-thiladhikam enna nirakkil amerikkayilekkulla canarian kudiyettam nadannu. rund varshathe kaalayalavil 4,500-ladhikam kaanariyakkar spanish swathukkalilekku kudiyeri, 150 perr maathram puerto recoylake. 1891num 1895num idayil puerto recoyilekkulla canarian kudiyettakkaarude ennam 600 aayirunnu. iva audyogika anakkukalaanu; niyamaviruddhamo maranjirikkunnatho aaya kudiyettam kanakkiledukkukayaanenkil, ennam valare valuthayirikkaam.
1493 muthal 1890 vareyum athinusheshavum eee kudiyettakkaar sthaapicha niravadhi gramangalil puerto recoyile canarian saamskaarika swaadheenam ettavum pradhanappetta gadakangalilonnaanu. pala spanish pouranmaarum, prathyekichu kaanariyakkar, mattu muun spanish kolanikale apekshichu hyspanic bandhangalum aapekshika saameepyavum kaaranam puerto rico thiranjedutthu. kaanari dveepukalkku samanamaaya anthareekshathil avar surakshyum sthirathayum thedi, puerto rico aayirunnu ettavum anuyojyamaayathu. ithu oru thaalkkaalika pravaasamaayi aarambhichu, athu oru sthiramaaya sthaanamaattamaayi maari, puerto recoyilekkulla spanish allengil europian kudiyettatthinte avasaanathe pradhana tharamgamaayi maari.
1815 leeii rajakeeya kalppana.
1825 aayappozhekkum cuba puerto rico ozhikeyulla amerikkayile ellah pradeshangalum spanish saamraajyathin nashtappettu. ennirunnaalum, 1808-ll swaathanthrya anukoola prasthaanangal roopeekarichathumuthal eee rund swathukkalum kooduthal svayambharanaadhikaaram aavasyappedukayaayirunnu. sheshikkunna rund caribean pradeshangal nashtappedumennu thiricharinja spanish kireedam 1815-leeii rajakeeya kalpanaye punarujjeevippichu.
puthiya kudiyettakkaarude varavode swaathanthryasamarangalkk avarude janapreethy shakthiyum nashtappedumenna pratheekshayode spanish, franch, engleesh ennee moonnu bhashakalil eee utharavu achadichu.
spanish rajakeeya kalppana prakaram, kudiyettakkaarkku bhoomi nalkukayum spanish kireedatthodulla vishwasthathayum catholica sabhayodulla vishwasthathayum sathyaprathinja cheytha sesham thudakkathil oru "adhivasa kathu" nalkukayum cheythu. anchu varshathinusesham avarkk spanish vishayangalaakkunna oru "swaabhaavikavalkkarana kathu" abhyarthikkaan kazhiyum. rajakeeya utharavu hyspanic ithara europianmaarkku vendiyaayirunnu, eshyakkaarkko kristhyaanikalallaatha aalukalko vendiyalla.
1897-ll spanish courtus puerto recoic dveepinte paramadhikaaravum svayambharanathinulla avakashavum amgeekaricha svayambharana charter nalki. 1898 eprilode aadyathe puerto rican niyamanirmmanasabha thiranjedukkappedukayum oordar cheyyaan vilikkukayum cheythu.
corsica.
1830 muthal noorukanakkinu korsikkaanukalum avarude kudumbangalum puerto recoylake kudiyerukayum 1900 kalude thudakkathil avarude ennam uyarukayum cheythu. aadyathe spanish kudiyettakkaar theerapradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum bhoomi svanthamaakkukayum cheythu, korsikkaanukal dveepinte parvathanirakalaaya thekkupadinjaaran pradeshathu sthirathaamasamaakki, praadhamikamaayi adjundas, laaras, uttuwado, poons, coomoo, yoko, gwayaanilla, gwanika ennee pattanangalil. ennirunnaalum, sambannamaaya kaarshika mekhala corsican kudiyettakkaaril bhooribhaagatheyum aakarshichathu yoko aayirunnu. kaappi, karimbu, pukayila ennivayaayirunnu yukoyile moonnu pradhana vilakal. puthiya kudiyettakkaar eee vilakalude krishikkaayi svayam samarppikkukayum churungiya samayathinullil chilarkk svanthamaayi palacharakk kadakal swanthamaakkaanum pravarthippikkaanum polum kazhiyukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kaappi payar krishi cheythaanu avarkk avarude bhagyam labhikkuka. corsican kudiyettakkaarude pingaamikal vidyaabhyaasam, saahityam, pathrapravarthanam, raashtreeyam ennee mekhalakalilum swaadheenamullavaraayi maarendathaayirunnu.
innu yoko pattanam "corsican taunn", "coffey taunn" ennee perukalil ariyappedunnu. sii 19 ll njangalude graamatthil veroonniya, avarude paarambaryangal upayogichu nammude samskaarathe sambannamaakkukayum avarude samarppita pravartthanatthiloode nammude purogathiye sahayikkukayum cheytha corsican vamshajanaaya fraansile nammude pouranmaarude oormmaykkaayi-yaukko munisippaalitti avarkk adaranjali arppikkunnu" enna likhithathodukoodiya oru smaarakam youkkoyil undu."puerto recoyude corsican ghadakam valare thelivaanu, pavoli, neegroni, fraastakelli thudangiya corsican kudumbapperukal saadhaaranamaanu.
france.
louisiana (yunaittad stetts), sent domingue (haitti) thudangiya vividha sthalangalil sambhavicha saambathikavum raashtreeyavumaaya saahacharyangalude falamaayaanu puerto recoyilekkulla franch kudiyettam aarambhichath. ezhu varshathe yuddham (aii. dii. 1) ennum ariyappedunna franch, indian yuddham pottippurappettathinum, grettu brittan raajyavum fraansinethiraaya vadakke american kolanikalum thammil, franch kudiyettakkaaril palarum puerto recoylake palayanam cheythu. fraansinte pradhana bhoopradeshathu ninnum athinte pradeshangalile puerto recoyilekkulla franch kudiyettam ettavum kooduthalaayirunnu, spanish kudiyettakkaarkku sesham randaamathethu, innu dhaaraalam puerto rickenmark franch vamshaparambara avakashappedaan kazhiyum; dveepile kudumbapperukalil 16 sathamaanavum franch allengil franch-corsican aanu.
puerto rican samskaarathil avarude swaadheenam valare kooduthalaanu, dveepinte paachakareethikal, saahityam, kalakal ennivayil ithu thelivaanu. vidyaabhyaasam, vaanijyam, raashtreeyam, shaasthram, vinodam ennee mekhalakalile avarude sambhavanakal kandethaamenkilum avayil maathram parimithappedunnilla.
jarmmani.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil curesavoyil ninnum austriyayil ninnum jarmman kudiyettakkaar puerto recoyilethi. eee aadyakaala jarmman kudiyettakkaaril palarum theeradesha pattanangalaya fajardo, aroyo, poons, mayavas, cabo rojo, agwadilla ennividangalil warehouseukalum bisinessukalum sthaapichu. kaappi, panchasaara, pukayila thudangiya uthppannangalkkayi jarmmani kooduthalum grettu brittaneyaan aashrayichirunnath ennathaanu eee bisinasukaar dveepil svayam sthaapikkaanulla oru kaaranam. ivayudeyum mattu charakkukaludeyum kayattumathiykkum irakkumathikkum samarppichirikkunna bisinasukal sthaapikkunnathiloode, engleeshukaar eedaakkiya uyarnna thaarifukal germmanic nalkendivannilla. kudiyettakkaarellaam bisinasukaraayirunnilla; chilar adhyaapakarum karshakarum vidagdha thozhilaalikalumaayirunnu.
germmaniyil 1848-leeii europian viplavangal jarmman samsthaanangalil pottippurappedukayum ithu frankfurt paarlamentilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. aathyanthikamayi, ahimsaathmakamaaya "viplavam" parajayappettu. niraashayode, puerto rico ulppede niravadhi jarmmankaar amerikkayilekku kudiyerukayum naalppat-aittezhs ennu vilikkappedukayum cheythu. ivayil bhooribhaagavum alsays-loraine, badden, hesse, rainland, wurtemberg ennividangalil ninnaan vannath. jarmman kudiyettakkaarkku theerapradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakkaanum fajardo, aroyo, poons, mayagues, cabo rojo, agwadilla thudangiya pattanangalil avarude bisinesses sthaapikkaanum kazhinju. spanish rajakeeya utharavinte nibandhanakal prakaram swatantra bhoomi pratheekshichavar dveepinte madhyaparvatha pradeshangalil adjundas, ibonito, siales thudangiya pattanangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. avar kaarshika mekhalayil upajeevanam nadathukayum chila sandarbhangalil karimbu thottangalude udamakalaayitheerukayum cheythu. mattullavar malsyabandhana vyavasaayathinaayi svayam samarppichu.
1870-ll spanish kodathikal catholica mathamallathe mattoru mathathe aaradhikkaan aagrahikkunnavarkk mathaswaathanthryathinulla avakasham nalkunna acta dii culto contisionado (vyavasthaapitha aradhana niyamam) pasaki. 1872ll ponsil jarmman, engleesh kudiyettakkaraanu igleshya santisima trinidad enna engleesh palli sthaapichathu.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, aadyathe jarmman kudiyettakkaarude pingaamikalil palarum vijayakaramaya bisinasukaarum adhyaapakarum shaasthranjarum aayitheerukayum puerto recoyude television vyavasaayathinte thudakkakkaaril oralaayi maarukayum cheythu. puerto recoyil jarmman kudiyettakkaar sthaapicha vijayakaramaya bisinasukalil muellenhoff & corber, fraitt, lund & qoo ennivayundaayirunnu., maiks mayer & qoo. koodaathe federsen willenk & qoo. corber group ink.puerto recoyude ettavum valia parasya ejansikalilonnaaya ithu vilyam corberinte pingaamikalaan sthaapichathu.
ireland.
16 muthal 19-aamm noottaand vare niravadhi kaaranangalal puerto recoylake ganyamaaya airish kudiyettam undaayirunnu. pathinaram noottaandil "wilde gees" ennariyappettirunna niravadhi irishmaar engleesh sainyathil ninnu palayanam cheyth spanish sainyathil chernnu. eee purushanmaaril chilar puerto recoyil nilayurappikkukayum speyinilekkulla avarude sainika sevanam poortthiyaaya sesham avide thudarukayum cheythu. pathinettaam noottaandil feeld marshell alejandro oo 'railey, kenal tomas oo' dally ennivare thalasthaanatthinte kottakal naveekarikkaan dveepilekku ayachu. 1769ll colonial louisianayude govarnoraayi oo 'railey pinneedu niyamikkappedukayum avide addeham "bloody oo' railey" ennariyappedukayum cheythu. dveepinte sambadvyavasthayil airish kudiyettakkaar oru pradhana punk vahichu. dveepile ettavum pradhanappetta vyavasaayangalilonn panchasaara vyavasaayamaayirunnu. thottangal vijayakaramaya tomas oo 'daliye koodaathe, mattu airish aalukal eee vyavasaayathil vijayakaramaya bisinasukaraayi maari, avaril haattillo pattanatthil oru thottatthinte udamasthathayilulla migewell konveyum rioo pydrassil sthithicheyyunna thottatthinte udamasthathayilulla juvan nagilum ulppedunnu. airish vamshajaraaya puerto reconmaarum dveepinte pukayila vyavasaayathinte vikasanathil nirnaayaka punk vahichu. puerto recoyile pukayila vyaapaarathinte sthaapakanaayathinte bahumati mygual konboik labikkukayum kwinlan kudumbam rund pukayila thottangal sthaapikkukayum cheythu, onnu toow baja pattanatthilum mattonn loysayilum.
puerto recoyile airish moolakam valare thelivaanu. puerto recoyude kaarshika vyavasayathinum rashtreeyathinum vidyaabhyaasa mekhalaykkum avar nalkia sambhavanakal valare sradheyamaanu.
mattu kudiyetta srothassukal.
baaskkukal, porchugeesukaar, italikkaar,
franch janatha, scots, dutch, engleesh, danes. america, dominican republic, cuba thudangiya puthiya loka rajyangalil ninnu uthbhavicha velutha janasamkhyayum kooduthal srothassukalil ulppedunnu.
innathe puerto rico.
irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathode, puerto rico ekadesham 80 sathamaanam yooropyanaayirunnu, bhaagikamaayi 1815 leeii "royal dikri oof graysus" kaaranam, speyinile kendra sarkkar pradhana bhoopradeshamaaya spaniardukalkkum puerto recoyil sthirathaamasamaakkaan thayyaarulla mattu europian catholicarc soujanya bhoomi nalki. mikka puerto reconmaarum svayam europian ennu maathrame thirichariyunnulloovenkum, palarkkum tyno (thaddesheeya puerto rican) vamshaparambarayude vyathyastha alavukalundu. 1802-ll sensus rekhakalil labhyamaya oopshanukal "karupp" allengil "velutha" aayirunnu, aalukalkk sensus svayam thirichariyalil soochippikkaan kazhinjilla, athinaal avaa inii kanakkakkappettilla. athinumumbu, 1797-ll 2,312 perr svayam indian ennu thiricharinjirunnu. chila tyno purushanmaarum aafrikkan sthreekalum parasparam vivaham kazhikkukayum dveepukalude ulbhaagathu thaarathamyena otappetta meroon kammyoonittikalil thaamasikkukayum cheythuvennum avide avar spanish adhikaarikalude cheriyatho oru edapedalumillaathatho aaya oru hibrid grameena allengil campasino janasamkhyayaayi parinamichuvennum thelivukal soochippikkunnu.
dveepinte padinjaaru bhaagath europian vamshaparambara ettavum shakthamaanennum kizhakk aafrikkan vamshaparambara kooduthalum kaanappedunnuvennum dveepiludaneelam teyno vamshaparambarayude sthiramaaya nilavaaramundennum padanangal theliyichittundu. vaasthavathil, puerto rikkanmaaril 75 sathamaanavum svayam europian ennu maathrame svayam thirichariyunnulloovenkum, ekadesham 25 sathamaanam maathramaan eathaandu shudhamaaya europian vamshajarennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, avarkk europian ithara misrithangalilla. mukalil soochippichathupole, kaanari dveepukalil ninnulla spanish kudiyettakkaaril ninnu paarambaryamaayi labhicha vadakkan aafrikkan vamshaparambarayum puerto recoyile velutha europian/vadakkan aafrikkan kudiyettakkaarude janasamkhya thaddesheeya tynokalumaayum karutha padinjaaran aafrikkan adimakalumaayum punarnirmmikkunnath morezo ithinu kaaranamaakunnu.
2020leeii sensus prakaram munisippaalittikalude janasamkhya.
munisippaalitti sensasil vellakkaaranaayi svayam thiricharinja janasamkhya iprakaaramaanu

