silindar sammarddam

mechanicsil, oru silindar stress ennathu bhramana samamithiyulla oru stress vitharanamaanu; athaayath, stress cheytha vasthu eathenkilum sthira akshatthil karakkukayaanengil ithu maattamillathe thudarunnu.
silindar stress paattenukalil iva ulppedunnu
eee moonnu pradhana sammarddangal-valavu, rekhamsham, radial enniva paraspara lambamaya thri-aksha sammarda samvidaanam upayogichu vishakalanaparamayi kanakkakkaam.
oru thadi baaralinte irumbu baandukalil allengil valakalil prayogikkunna pirimurukkamaanu valaya sammarddathinte classical udaaharanam (koodaathe namesake). oru neraaya, adacha paippil, oru mardha deferential upayogichu silindar pipe mathilil prayogikkunna eathu shakthiyum aathyanthikamayi valanja sammarddangalkku kaaranamakum. athupole, eee paippin paranna end cappukal undengil, staatik marddam avayil prayogikkunna eathu shakthiyum athe pipe mathilil lambamaya "axial stress" undaakkum. nerttha vibhaagangalkk palappozhum cheria "radial stress" undu, ennaal kattiyulla mathilukalulla silindar shellukalude krithyamaaya modalukal atharam stresses pariganikkendathundu.
kattiyulla mathilukalulla mardha paathrangalil, anukoolamaaya prarambha sammarda paattenukal anuvadikkunna nirmmaana saankethikavidyakal upayogikkaam. aantharika uparithalathile eee compress stresses mardhamullah silindarukalile mothatthilulla valaya sammarddam kuraykkunnu. eee swabhaavamulla silindar pathrangal saadhaaranayaayi parasparam churungiya (allengil vikasippicha) concentric silindarukalil ninnaan nirmmikkunnath, athaayath.iii.biltt-upp shrink-phitt silindarukal, ennaal kattiyulla silindarukalude autofreetteju aanenkilum singular silindarukalilekkum ithu nadatthaam.
nirvachanangal.
hoopp stress.
silindar mathilile oro kanikayilum iruvashathum chuttupadaayi (vasthuvinte achuthandinu lambamaayum vyaasathilum) cheluthunna balamaan valaya sammarddam. ithine ingane vivarikkaam
evide
chuttalavile sammarddathe vivarikkunnathil "valavu sammarddathinu" pakaramullathaanu mathil sammarddam allengil mathil pirimurukkam ("tii"), ithu saadhaaranayaayi muzhuvan radial kanathilum cheluthunna motham chuttalavilulla shakthiyaayi nirvachikkappedunnu
axial stress, radial stress ennivaykkoppam, silindar kordinettukalile stress tensorinte oru gadakamaanu circurferential stress.
bhramana samamithiyulla oru vasthuvil prayogikkunna eathu shakthiyum "r", "z", "θ" ennee silindar kordinettukalkku samaantharamaayi gadakangalaayi vighadippikkunnathu saadhaaranayaayi upayogapradamaanu. balatthinte eee gadakangal yathaakramam radial stress, axial stress, hoop stress ennee anubandha stressukale prerippikkunnu.
aantharika sammarddavumaayi bandhappettathaan.
nerttha mathilukalulla anumaanam.
nerttha mathilukal saadhuthayullathaayirikkanamel, paathratthinu athinte vyaasathinte patthilonnil koodaattha (palappozhum vyaasam/tii> 20 ennu udharikkappedunnu) mathil kanam undaayirikkanam. ithu mathiline oru uparithalamayi kanakkakkaanum thudarnnu nerttha mathilukalulla silindar mardha paathratthil aantharika marddam srishtikkunna valavu sammarddam kanakkakkaan yuva-laplace samavaakyam upayogikkaanum anuvadikkunnu
evide
nerttha shellukalude valaya sammarda samavaakyam aantharika turger marddam niravadhi anthareekshangalil athiyekkaavunna sasyakoshangalum baakteeriyakalum ulppedeyulla golaakrithiyilulla pathrangalkkum ekadesham saadhuthayullathaanu. silindarukalkkulla (paippukalum tubeukalum) praayogika enchiniyaring aaplikkeshanukalil, valaya sammarddam palappozhum marddathinaayi punakrameekarikkappedunnu, ithine barloyude formula ennu vilikkunnu.
pii" yude inch-poundu-second sisttam (ips) unitukal chathurashra injile poundu-fozhsu (psi) aanu. tii", "dii" ennivayude unitukal inch (inch) aanu.
p" ennathinte sii unitukal paaskalukal (paa) aanu, athesamayam "t", "d" = 2 "r" enniva meterilaanu (m).
kappal attangal adaykkumbol, aantharika marddam avayil pravarthichu silindarinte achuthandil oru shakti vikasippikkunnu. ithu axial stress ennariyappedunnu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi hoop stressinekkaal kuravaanu.
ithu ekadesham kanakkaakkaamenkilum
uparithalathinu lambamaayi vikasippichedutha oru radial stress formula undu, ithu nerttha mathilukalulla silindarukalil ingane kanakkakkaam
nerttha mathilukalulla anumaanathil anupatham formula _ 10 valuthaanu, athinaal mikka kesukalilum eee ghadakam valayavum aksheeya sammarddangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol valare kuravaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. 
kattiyulla mathilukalulla pathrangal.
padikkenda silindarinu 10 ll thaazheyulla formula _ 11 anupatham (palappozhum formula _ 12 ennu udharikkappedunnu) ullilum puratthum sammarddangal ganyamaayi vyathyaasappedunnathinaal nerttha mathilukalulla silindar samavaakyangal nilanilkunnilla, cross sekshaniloodeyulla shear sammarddam inii avaganikkanaavilla.
franch ganithashaasthranjanaaya gabriel laam vikasippichedutha samavaakyangalude oru koottamaaya "laam samavaakyangal" upayogichu eee sammarddangalum strainukalum kanakkakkaam.
evide
athirthi vyavasthakalulla silindarina
thaazhepparayunna sthiraangangal labikkum
eee sthiraangangal upayogichu, valaya sammarddathinu inipparayunna samavaakyam labikkum
oru khara silindarina formula _ 25 pinne formula _ 26, oru khara silindarinu aantharika marddam undaakilla, athinaal formula _ 27.
kattiyulla mathilukalulla silindarukalkku, 10 enna anupatha soothravaakyam 10 ll kuravaayathinaal, radial stress, mattu stressukalkku aanupaathikamaayi, nissaaramaayi maarunnu (i.iii. pii ippol valare kuravaanu, pr/tii, pr/2 tii ennivayekkaal valare kuravaanu), athinaal mathilinte kanam roopakalppanayude oru pradhana parigananayi maarunnu (harway, 1974, pipi. 57).
presher vessel sidhaanthathil, mathilinte eathoru gadakavum oru trai-axial stress sisttathil vilayiruthunnu, moonnu pradhana stressukal valavu, rekhamsham, radial ennivayaanu. athinaal, nirvachanamanusarichu, transwers, tangential allengil radial thalangalil shear stresses illa.
kattiyulla mathilukalulla silindarukalil, eathu ghattathilum paramavadhi shear stress nalkunnathu paramavadhi, kuranja stresses thammilulla beejaganita vyathyaasathinte pakuthiyaanu, athinaal, ithu valayum radial stresses thammilulla vyathyaasathinte pakuthiykk thulyamaanu. kattiyulla silindarukalude yadhaartha villal parishodhanakalumaayi nannayi bandhappettirikkunnathil (harvy, 1974, pii. 57).
praayogika phalangal.
enchiniyaring.
mattu baahya bhaarangalude abhaavathil hoopp stress aanu odivine niyanthrikkunnath, kaaranam ithu ettavum valia pradhana stress aanu. oru valayathinte akathu ettavum valia sammarddam anubhavappedunnu (puratthum akathum ore motham sammarddam anubhavappedunnu, athu vyathyastha chuttalavukalil vitharanam cheyyappedunnu); athinaal paippukalile villalukal saidhaanthikamaayi paippinte "ullil" ninnu aarambikkanam. athukondaanu bhookambangalkku sheshamulla pipe parisodhanakalil saadhaaranayaayi villalukal parisodhikkaan oru paippinullil oru camera ayaykkunnath ulppedunnathu.
valam sammarddavum illaathirikkumbol rekhamsha allengil radial sammarddavum ulppedunna thulyamaaya sammarddamaanu vilavu niyanthrikkunnath.
marunnu.
vascular allengil dahananaala bhitthikalude rogalakshanathil, mathil pirimurukkam paathratthinte mathilile peshi pirimurukkatthe prathinidheekarikkunnu. laplace niyamatthinte falamaayi, rakthakkuzhalukalude mathilil oru aneurism roopappedukayaanenkil, rakthakkuzhalinte aaram vardhichu. ithinartham kappalile aantharika shakti kurayunnu, athinaal aneurism pottunnathuvare vikasikkunnath thudarum. kudalile diverticuly roopappedunnathinu samanamaaya oru yukthi baadhakamaan.
sidhaantha vikasanam.
silindarukalile sammarddathekkurichulla aadyathe saidhaanthika vishakalanam pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil enchineeyar vilyam fairbaren vikasippicheduthu, addehathinte ganithashaasthranjanaaya eedan hodgkinsante sahaayathodeyaanu ithu. steem boyilarukalude roopakalppanayum paraajayangalum padichaayirunnu avarude aadya thaalparyam. valanja sheettukalil ninnulla boiler shellukalude asambliyile oru pradhana gadakamaaya hoopp stress rekhamsha sammarddathinte erattiyaanennu fairbaren manassilakki. pinneedu paalam nirmmaanathinum boxes gaardarinte kandupiduthathinum pravartthanangal prayogichu. chepsto railway paalatthil, kaast irumbu thoonukal baahya irumbu baandukalaal shakthippeduthunnu. lambavum rekhaamshavumaaya balam oru compress cheiyunna sakthiyaanu, ithu kaast irumbinu nannayi prathirodhikkaan kazhiyum. valayathinte sammarddam tensile aanu, athinaal kaast irumbinekkaal mikacha tensile shakthiyulla metteeriyalaaya metteeriyal neytha irumbu cherkkunnu.

