
miliana

vadakkupadinjaaran aljeeriyayile ainn defla pravishyayile oru kammyoon aanu miliana (). ithe perilulla daira allengil jillayude bharana kendramaanithu. aljeeriyan thalasthaanamaaya aljeeyersinu ekadesham thekkupadinjaaraayittaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. 2008ll janasamkhya 44,201 aayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. eee pattanam dahra parvathanirakalude thekk, sakkar rerby parvathatthinte thekk bhaagath, chelif nadiyil ninnu anchu kilometer vadakku, padinjaaru sakkar peedabhoomiye abhimukeekarikkunnu.
bhoomishaasthram.
sthalam.
ainn defla vilaayayude vadakku bhagathaanu miliana kammyoon sthithi cheiyunnathu. aljiyezhsil ninnu 114 kilometer thekkupadinjaarum mediaykk 50 kilometer padinjaarum cleffinu 92 kilometer kizhakkum eee pattanam sthithicheyyunnu.
bhooprakrithi.
parvathapradeshangalile sthaanam kaaranam, miliyaanayude uyaram valare vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. thekkan charivukalil kuthaneyulla arikukalulla oru paarakkettilaanu ithu nirmmichirikkunnathu, ithu athinte vadakkan athirthi muzhuvan ulkkollukayum athicherukayum cheiyunnu. thekk bhagathaayi oru cheria malancherivum undu, athu miliana khemis miliyanayil ninnu verthirikkunnu. nagarathinu chuttumulla pradesham nalla vanapradesamaanu. kizhakkum thekkum chelif nadeethadavum padinjaaru aursenis parvatanira vare vyaapichukidakkunna oru valia peedabhoomiyumaanu.
kaalavastha.
choodullathum varandathumaaya venalkkaalavum neriyathum eerppamullathumaaya shaithyakaalavumulla medittareniyan kaalavasthayaanu (copen kalavastha vargeekaranam "csa") miliyaanayilullath.
toponymi.
roman kaalath sucabar ennariyappettirunna punic uthbhavamulla pattanavumayi miliana poruthappedunnu. augustasinte keezhil ithinu "colonia" enna padavi nalkappettathinaal ithine colonia eulia augusta suchabar ennu vilichirunnu. bhoomishaasthranjanaaya tolami upayogicha perinte greak roopam ζοιχάββαρι (suchabbari) aayirunnu. mootha pliny ithine "sucabar ennum vilikkappedunna augusta koolani" ennu vilikkunnu, ammianus marcelinus ithinu sugarri allengil (naamavachaka roopathil) sugaarrittaanam enna peru nalkunnu.
roman pravisyayaaya mouttaaniya siseriyansisilaayirunnu sucabar. gladiator" enna chithratthil yadhaarthathil nilaninnirunna oru roman pravisyayaaya suchaabarine paraamarsikkunnu.
eee sthalam oru valia nagaratthil pettathaanennu soochippikkunna sucabar allengil sugabar ennee perukal aduthulla shilashasana smarakangalil paraamarshichittundu. gothamb vipani ennartham varunna eee peru phoeneeshyan allengil libico-berber uthbhavam aayirikkam."
purathana kaalath manliana allengil malliana enna peru pattanatthinte nilavile sthalatho chuttumulla pradeshatho sthithicheyyunna oru nagarapradeshamaayi udharikkappedunnu, sent augustin eee nagaratthile oru bishappine soochippikkunnu. chilarude abhipraayathil, eee peru lattinil ninnu uruthirinjathaanu, koodaathe chelif nadeethadatthile kaarshika mekhalayil valia domainukal kaivashamulla oru patrician roman kudumbatthinte (manlia) makalaanu. ennirunnaalum, mattullavar eee peru berber uthbhavamaanenn vishwasikkunnu.
musleem adhiniveshathode, "manliana" enna peru arabiyil "sambannar niranjavar" ennartham varunna mell-anaa, pinne milyana enningane maari.
charithram.
purathanakaalam.
valarekkalam miliana numedian rajaakkanmaarude sanketa thalasthaanamaayirunnu. bisi 105ll eee pradeshathu ninnu adhikam akaleyallathe jugurta pidichadakki.
bisi 27num 25num idayil augustus chakravarty suchabaaril oru roman kaaval seena sthaapichu. 375-ll berber leader firmasinte kalaapasamayath ammianus marcelinus eee nagaratthe paraamarsikkunnu; roman general theodosius moothavan siseriya (ippol cherchal) upekshichu sugaarrittaanam kaivashappedutthi.
mouttaaniya siseriyansis pravishyayile oru pradhana nagaramaayirunnu suchabar, athu oru kristhyan episcopal zee aayi maari. athinte rund catholica bishappumaarudeyum oru daanadharmmiyude perukalum rekhappeduthiyittundu
catholica sabhayude taittilar seekalude pattikayil bishoperic ulppeduthiyittundu.
anchaam noottaandil, akramikalude varavode, roman nagravum athinte mikka purathana smaarakangalum upekshikkappettu.
madhyakala muslim aljiriya.
972num 980num idayil aljiyarsinteyum mediayudeyum sthaapakanaaya bulugin ibn siri rajakumaran roman nagaratthinte avashishtangalkk mukalil oru madeena nirmmichu. eee kaalayalavil nagaram oru navothaanavum valia samriddhiyum anubhavichu. niravadhi musleem bhoomishaasthranjar ithine paraamarsikkunnundu. patthaam noottaandil ibnu hakkhalaanu thante rachanakalil aadyamaayi eee nagaratthe paraamarshichathu. addeham ithine "jalapathayal thirikkapetta jala millukal kondu sajjeekarichirikkunathum dhaaraalam jalasechana kanaalukalullathumaaya purathana nagaram" ennaanu visheshippikkunnathu."pathinonnam noottaandil, aljiyar, media ennivaykkoppam buluggin nirmmicha nagarangalilonnaan miliana ennu alle-bakri ezhuthi. pathinalam noottaandil ibnu khaldun eee nagaratthe "chelif nadeethadatthile magrawa benii warsifan domaininte bhagamaanu" ennu visheshippikkukayum "ell djesser", "meliana", "lemdia" ennivaykkaayi bulugin bhoopadam varaykkukayum cheythu. eee kaalaghattatthiludaneelam, miliana samskaarathinte oru abhayakendramaayirunnu. 13-aamm noottaandile ezhuthukaaranum kaviyumaaya ahamed benn othmaane ell meliani, 14-aamm noottaandile daivashaasthranjanum niyamanjanumaaya alii benn meki ell miliani ennivarulppede vividha mekhalakalile dhaaraalam pandithanmaarum shaasthranjarum ithil undaayirunnu.
magrawa gothratthinte pradeshathaayirunnu eee nagaram.
magrebile mattu nagarangaleppole, milliana niravadhi vijayangalkkum rashtreeya prakshubdhathaykkum vidheyamaayi. 1081-ll almoravidukalude nethaavaaya yousuf ibn tashfin aljiyar, media, miliana enniva kaivashappedutthi. pinneedu, 1149-ll eee nagaram almohad khilaafathil samyojippikkappettu. 1184-ll baanu ghaniyayum magrebile mattullavayum nagaram pidichedutthu. adutha varsham, almohads avarude pradesham veendedukkukayum baanu ghaniya ifrikkiyayil ninnu pinmaarukayum cheythu.
1238ll tyoonikalude haafsidukal avarude sakhyakakshikalaya baanu thudjine avarude kaivashamulla nagaratthil pinthunachu. 1261-ll tunisile hafsid ameerinte sahodaranaaya abu haffs nagaram uparodhikkukayum castilile pravasiyaaya henriyude neethrthwathilulla cooley kristhyan naitukal ulppedunna sainyavumayi athu keezhadakkukayum cheythu. 1268ll sianid paramadhikaariyaaya yaghmuraassen ibn sian miliana pradesham kaivashappeduthaan shramichu; 1308ll abd alle-vaadidukal millianayilum magrebile mikkavarum ellah nagarangalilum adikaaram earppeduthiyappol maathrame nagaram tlemsen rajaakkanmaarude kaivashamullu. sianid saamraajyathinte pathanasamayathu, eee raajavamshathinte rajakumaaranmaaril oraal 1438ll miliana, media, tenez enniva pidichadakkiyenkilum tenas raajaavaayitheernna addehathinte makan addehathe vadhichu.
1517-ll ooreyku raise nagravum chelif nadeethadavum pidichedutthu; miliana oru automan kaidattaayi maari. ennirunnaalum, eee kaalayalavil ottomaan bharanathinethire niravadhi prakshobhangal eee pradesham kandu, prathyekichu 1544-ll soumatha gothrangalile shake bouteric.
franch kolanivalkkaranam.
1830-leeii aljiyar adhiniveshathinushesham, 1835-ll miliyanayil oru khilaafat sthaapicha ameer abdulkadarinodu vishwasthatha prathinjja cheytha janangalil ninnu franchukaar cheruthunilppu nerittu. 1835-ll aarambhicha desmickels samadhana udambadi ameer abdulqadarinu miliana kaivashappeduthaanulla avakasham urappunalki, avide nagaratthile pothu janangalum pramukha pouranmaarum addehathe ooshmalamaayi swaagatham cheythu.
athinte bhouma thanthraparamaaya sthaanam kaaranam, 10,440 poraalikale nayicha khaleefayum (1835-1837) pinneedu (1837-1840) bharikkunna oru khaleefayaayi miliana maari. khaleefaasanavum aayudha nirmmaanasaalayum ulppede niravadhi sthaapanangal ameer avide nirmmichu.
1840ll marshell vaaliyude sainyam eee nagaram kaivashappeduthiyirunnuve benn allelum praadeshika gothrangalum niravadhi thavana eee kaaval senaye uparodhichu. athinaal uparodhathilullavare pinthunaykkunnathinaayi marshell bogod aljiyaril ninnu sainyathe ayachu. franchukaarkku keezhadangunnathinupakaram miliana kathikkaan abdulqadar utharavittu. 1842ll eee pattanam oduvil franch niyanthranatthilaayi. 1843ll benn allel marikkukayum 1844ll franch sainyam ameerinte anuyaayikale purathaakkaan nagaram kathikkukayum cheythu. franch colonial vasthuvidyaa sailiyilaanu ithu punarnirmmichathu.
1865ll nepolian moonnaaman chakravarty miliana sandarshichu. 1901ll sheikh yaakkoobinte nirddeshaprakaaram ainn torkeyile righa gothrangal kalapam nadatthi.
eee kaalayalavil, koolani roopeekrithamaaya khemis miliyaanaykk anukoolamaayi nagaram paarshwalkkarikkappettu.
1957ll aljeeriyan yudhasamayathu miliyaanayude thekk bhaagathulla ooyudu gargoril mujaahiddeenukalum franch sainyavum thammil oru yuddham nadannu.
1874 muthal 1975 vare 2000 perr vare mondu sackerile oru bhoogarbha irumbayiru khaniyil jolie cheythu, ithu ayiru, yaathrakkaare miliana-maargarit tramway vazhi miliana-maargaritteyile ettavum aduthulla pii. ell. emm railway steshanilekku athichu.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
moundu sacker mekhalayile morriscokal, kaulolis, berber ennivarude pingaamikal adhivasikkunna oru pazhaya nagaramaan miliana.
khemis miliana, ainn defla, ell attaaf ennivaykku sesham ainn defla vilaayayile naalaamathe ettavum janasamkhyayulla communaanu miliana, 2008 leeii aljeeriyan sensus prakaram kammyoonile janasamkhya 44,201 aanu, 1977 leeii 22,528 nivaasikal
nagara ghadana.
turkish, berber aditharakalil nirmmicha nagara mathilukalaal chuttapetta oru musleem kwarter oru franch kwarter miliyaanayude madhyabhaagathundu. muslim kwaarttarile pradhana sthalam sidi ahamed benn yousefinte palliyaan. moorish shailiyil nirmmicha eee palli dvivarsha theerthaadanatthinte sthalamaanu. muslim kwarteril oru moodappetta vipaniyum undu. plays cornot (allengil plays dii ell horlog) ennariyappedunna taunn sentarinte aadhunika bhagam marangalaal nizhalittirikkunnu, koodaathe munbu oru minaramaayirunna oru clock tower adangiyirikkunnu.
sambadghadana.
miliana pradhaanamaayum oru kaarshika pattanamaan. nagarakendrathinu thaazheyulla munthirithottangal, thottangal, poonthottangal ennivaykku shaithyakaalath manjuveezhchayulla aduthulla parvathanirakalil ninnulla vellam nalkunnu. tyle faaktarikal, maav millukal, mattu laitt vyavasaayangal ennivaykku vaidyuthi nalkaan jalavaidyuthi upayogikkunnu.
vinodam.
franch kolanivalkkaranathinu munbu miliana, lagauvatt, mattu sthalangal ennividangalil kalichirunna oru parambaraagatha kaliyaanu ell kaura. association footballinu samaanamaayi, vasanthakaalathum kadutha varalchayude samayathum eee kalii kalichirunnu, kaaranam ithu mazha konduvarumennu vishwasikkappettirunnu. franch kolanivalkkaranathinushesham, europian sports, prathyekichu association football kooduthal janapriyamaayi.
aljeeriyan club football teaminte aasthaanamaanu eee nagaram.sii. miliana.
samskaaram.
andalusian, chaabi, surna enningane vividha aljeeriyan sangeetha vibhagangalil vaidagdhyamulla niravadhi sangeetha grouppukalude aasthaanamaanu miliana. aljeeriyayile moonnu sangeetha skoolukalil ninnulla samgeethajnjare orumichu konduvarunna oru andalusian sangeetha melaykku ithu aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu aljeeyezhs, tlemsenile gharnathi, konstaantaininte maluf.
emm 'sigaratt", pallikal, gopurangal, bottukal ennivayude thadi, naanal modalukal ennivayude nirmmaanam kaaranam miliyaanayile moulid alle-nabi (muhammadinte jananam aaghoshikkunnathu) aakhosham verittunilkkunnu. moulidinte thalennu mezhukuthirikal kondu prakashippikkukayum madurapalahaarangalum pazhangalum kondu alankarikkukayum cheiyunna "sigaratt" yude oru paredu sidi ahamed benuseff palliyilekku pookunnu.
sidi ahamed benusefinte shavakudeerathinte ulbhaagathekkulla vaarshika theerthaadanamaaya berber gothramaaya benii farayude praadeshika paarambaryamaanu miliyaanayude "reckb". messelmoun nagaratthil ninnu (tipasa vilaaya) vishudhante shavakudeerathilekkulla yaathraykkaayi raajyathudaneelamulla niravadhi pradeshangalil ninnu noorukanakkinu theerthaadakar varunnu.
kolanivalkkarana samayat sthaapithamaayathum swaathanthryam muthal nilanilkkunnathumaaya oru vaarshika saamoohika-saamskaarika paripaadiyaanu miliyaanayude cherry utsavam. juun avasana aazhchayilaan ithu nadakkunnathu. miliyaanayile cherikalude gunangal aaghoshikkaan miliyaanayile pouranmaare anuvadikkunna eee utsavam sandarshakare nagaratthinte achaarangal kandethaanum cherikalil ninnulla vyathyastha midaayikal pareekshikkaanum praptharaakkunnu. oru pathittaand neenda edavela anubhavicha eee utsavam pinneedu ainn defla vilaayayile prathyeka praadeshika aakhoshangal punarujjeevippikkaanulla padhathiyude bhaagamaayi veendum aakhoshichu. mattu horticulturinoppam cherry ulppaadanavum ganyamaayi kuranju; nagaratthile poonthottangalude nirmmanavum naashavumaan pradhana kaaranam.
praadeshika sittukal.
18, 19 noottaandukalile chila smarakangal innum avasheshikkunnu. ameer abdulkkaadarinte muun veedu nagara madhyathil sthithicheyyunna oru moorish shailiyilulla kettidamaanu, ithu punasthaapikkukayum miliyaanayile myoosiyamaayi parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. roman, muslim kaalaghattangalile puraavastu karakaushala vasthukkal, franch adhiniveshathinethiraaya janakeeya kalapangal, thekkan aljeeriyayil ninnulla vamseeya vasthukkal ennivayulppede eee pradeshatthinte charithrathekkurichulla niravadhi pradarshana haalukal ithil adangiyirikkunnu.
1526ll maskaraykkaduthulla kalayil janicha, 1526ll marikkukayum 1774ll ooraanile bay aaya mohammed ell-kebir addehathe miliyanayil samskarikkukayum cheytha vishudha abu ell-abbas ahamed benuseff eraachidikku samarppichirikkunnathaana sidi ahamed benuseff palli. djema ell-turke" allengil "djema ell-baatha" enna muun palliyude bhaagamaayirunnu minaarat ell-baathaa; 1844 ll oru pothu chathuratthinte nirmmaanathinaayi eee palli nasippikkappedukayum athinte minaram oru gadikaragopuramaakki maattukayum cheythu.
nagaratthinte praanthapradeshathu sthithi cheiyunna ameer abdulkkaadarinte aayudha nirmmaanashaala 1839 oode ameer nirmmichu. chila srothassukal anusarichu, kothalangal uthbhavam puraathanamaanengilum colonial nagaratthinte vipuleekaranathinaayi avaa niravadhi parivarthanangalkku vidheyamaayittundu. 1890ll nirmmicha oru valia pothu udyaanamaanu nagaratthilullathu.