
karutha parvvatham (rench)

thekk, madhya, padinjaaran velukalile oru parvathanirakalaanu black moundan (black moundan), carmarthenshire povinum (munbu breaknockshare) edayilulla kaundi athirthiyil vyaapichukidakkukayum brecon beakons desheeyodyaanathinte padinjaaran shreni roopeekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. 802 meter allengil 2,631 adii uyaramulla phaan brycheniyogaanu ithinte ettavum uyaram koodiya sthalam. karutha parvvatham phoorast phoor jiyopaarkkinte bhagamaanu.
peru.
karutha parvathatthe desheeyodyaanathinte kizhakkulla karutha parvathangalumayi thettidharikkaruthu, allengil karutha parvatham ennum aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunna karutha parvathangalile oru kodumudiyumaayi thettidharikkaruthu. black montaine" enna thante vivaranathil, puraavastu gaveshakanaaya joonn leyland carmarthan monmouthu I num idayil vyaapichukidakkunna oru pindatthe paraamarsikkunnu.iii. karutha parvathangalum edayilulla uyarnna vanabhoomiyum ulppede aaa padatthinte vishalamaaya aadhunika ardhathil ippol brekkan beekkanukalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnava.
carmarthan phaans" (velshil "bannoo sarr gaar") enna padam chilappol eee pindatthe muzhuvan vivarikkan thettayi upayogikkunnu, athesamayam ithu kaarmaarthanshayarinullile vadakkan escarpmentile kodumudikalil parimithappedutthanam (phaan braicheniyoginte kodumudi athirthikkappurathu kizhakk breaknoksheyarilekk sthithicheyyunnu). carmarthan aaradhakar" ennathil phaan phoyal, picks duu, vaan lefrith enniva ulppedunnu. carmerthan faanukalude" ettavum uyaram koodiya sthalavum kaarmarthanshayarile kaundi toppum athinaal phaan foyalinte cheria kodumudiyaanu, uyaram.
bhoomishaasthram.
thekk-padinjaaru bhaagath ammanford muthal vadakkukizhakku bhaagath cennibridge vare eee parvvathanirakal vyaapichukidakkunnu. eee kunnukalude valiyoru bhagam pazhaya chuvanna manalkkallukalil ninnaan roopappedunnathu, ennirunnaalum carboniferous chunnaambukallukaludeyum twerch manalkkallukaludeyum (allengil milstoon gritt) baandukal mannolippinulla valia prathirodham kaaranam shreniyude thekkum padinjaarum pradhana bhooprakrithiye roopappeduthunna paarakalaanu. ettavum prathirodhasheshiyullava peedabhoomi kidakkakalaanu, avaa mikka shrenikalilum oru samrakshana thoppi undaakkunnu. avaa escarpmentinte attathinu thottaduthaayi kuthaneyulla paarakkettukalum undaakkunnu. kizhakk bhaagathulla brekkan beekkanukalude koottaali kodumudikalumaayi pothuvaayi eee parakal devonian vamshajaraanu. manjukaalathu eee pradesham manjumoodiyirunnathinaal vadakku-kizhakk bhaagathulla manoharamaaya vadakkum kizhakkum vashathulla manalkkall skaarppukalkk thaazhe, prathyekichu phaan hirinu thaazhe niravadhi puthiya morainukal kaanapedunnu. vaan lefrith, picks duu ennivayude paarakalkk thottupinnilaayi cheria morains undu.
lyne vaii phaan phoor, lyne vaii phaan phack ennivayude escarpmentinu thaazheyulla thadaakangalum himaanikalude avashishtangalaan, paarakkettukalkk thaazhe aazhathilulla pollalukal roopappeduthunnathiloode drainage thadayunna mattu morainukal srishtichavayaanu.
puraavasthushaasthram.
charithraatheethakaalathum roman kaalaghattatthilumulla niravadhi avashishtangal eee pradeshathu avasheshikkunnund. minid baachu trekkaastalile kaastrakalum saarn helen enna nilayil phoorast phoor kadakkunna oru roman road avayil ulppedunnu. niravadhi menheerukal, vrithaakrithiyilulla baarokal, niravadhi cheria kallu vrithangal ennivayundu. phaan hirinu thaazheyulla taav nadiyude theerathu prathyekichum prashasthamaaya oru vritham kaanapedunnu, ithu serig duon allengil "black stoons" ennariyappedunnu. vrithathinu purathu oru cheria kallu roopappedunna rund cheria kallukalulla oru cheria avanyoovaayi sthithicheyyunna oru kallu aduthaanu, athu maine maavar ennariyappedunnu. manushyavaasakendrangal, kudilukal, krishi ennivayude thelivukalum undu. phaan foyalil aduthide nadatthiya khananathil ithu aadyakaala venkalayugamaanennu (ekadesham bii. sii. 2000) kandethi, picks duvil samanamaaya oru kothiyedukkaattha vrithaakrithiyilulla baaro undu. phaan foyalil nadatthiya khananathil, innathethinekkaal choodulla kaalavastha kaaranam brons yugathile brittanil moorland nannayi marangalaal chuttappettirunnuvennum nilavile moorlaandinte bhooribhaagavum thaazhnna uyarangalil ookku kondu hassel scrub kondu moodappettirunnuvennum soochippikkunnu. brittanile mattidangalil nilavilulla mikka moorlaandukalum samanamaaya avasthayilaayirunnu, koodaathe vipulamaaya venkalayuga avashishtangalum avide kandethiyittundu. udaaharanangalil dartmur, exmoor, bodin muur, uyarnna pradeshathe perumbaambukal, raajyathinte madhyathilum vadakkum uyarnna pradeshathulla velsh moorland enniva ulppedunnu. atharam moorlandukalellaam avayude mukal bhaagangalil, avayude nilavile upa-artic avasthayil marangalillaathavayaanu.
drainage.
pradhana malancherivil ninnu pindatthinte thekkan charivukaliloode ozhukunna niravadhi nadikal eee malayidukkine vattikkunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, vadakkott nayikkunna aruvikal cheruthum chenkuthullathumaanu. shreniyude mukal bhagangal pradhaanamaayum moorland aanu, avayil chilath peett bogg kondu moodappettirikkunnu, avayil chilath lyne vaii phaan forinu sameepamulla peett baankinte bhaagikamaayi nashicha bhagangal vilayiruthumbol apakeerthippeduthunnu. yusk, taav ennee nadikalkku avayude uravidangal eee parvathanirakalude vadakkum kizhakkum vashangalilumaan, athesamayam cheria loafer parvathanirakalude padinjaaran attathu uthbhavikkunnu. taaveyude pradhana valathu theera poshakanadikalaaya geed nadhi, aphon twerch, athupole thanne loforinte poshakanadiyaaya amman nadiyaanu thekkott nayikkunna pradhana jalapathakal. tovi nadiyude rund idathu karaa poshakanadikalaaya sennan nadhiyum aphon sodde karutha parvathatthinte vadakkupadinjaaran charivukaliloode ozhukunnu.
pradhana escarpmentinu nerittu thazheyaayi sthithi cheiyunna rund valia himanitala thadaakangalkk peruketta eee parvatanira, penn vaii faaninu thaazhe kaanapedunna samanamaaya uthbhavamulla cheria thadaakathekkaal valare valuthaanu.
lyne vaii phaan phack.
karutha parvathatthinullile rund prakrithidatha thadaakangalil cheruthum kooduthal padinjaarumullathumaan lyne vaii phaan fatch (velsh 'cheria kodumudiyude thadaakam'). himayugathile himapravarthanathinte falamaayi roopappetta oru paarakkulathinullil ithu pothinjirikkunnu. ekadesham 500 yard neelavum 200 yard veethiyumulla ithinu ekadesham kizhakk-padinjaaru dishayaanullathu. bhaagikamaayi oru prakrithidatha anakkett roopappeduthunna oru himanian morainil ninnu murichukalayunna aphon sooad aanu ithu vattikkunnath. 1930kalil laneliyude jalavitharanam vardhippikkunnathinaayi athinte kurachu vellam vazhithirichuvidunnathini oru cheria krithrima anakkett nirmmichu. lyne vaii phaan phack lake lejandinte ladyumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
landdusantinaduthulla vaattar board axus roadile kaar parkkil ninnu kaalnadayaayi thadaakathil athicheraan kazhiyum, ennirunnaalum kaar paarkkingilekkulla rooad mosham sainpostullathum kaar yaathraykk valare mosham avasthayilumaanu.
lyne vaii phaan phoor.
parvathatthinte kizhakkan attathu phaan brycheniyoginu thazheyaayi sthithi cheiyunna valia kodumudiyude thadaakam lyne vaii phaan phoor allengil thadaakam. padinjaaran ayalraajyathinu samanamaaya himanada uthbhavamulla ithu alpam valuthaanu. ekadesham 600 yard neelavum 200 yard veethiyumulla ithu ekadesham vadakku thekkott thirinjirikkunnu. nanth vaii lyne (velsh 'thadaakatthinte aruvi') ennariyappedunna oru aruviyaanu ithu ozhukunnathu, athinte vellam thave nadiyilekku ozhukunnu. samudranirappil ninnu ekadesham 1980 adii allengil 605 meter uyarathilaanu lyne vaii phaan forinte uparithalam sthithi cheiyunnathu.
cheria trascasil ninnu abercraff roadylake ekadesham 1.7 mile (2.7 kilometer) nadannaal thadaakathil kaalnadayaayi athicheraam, avide kaarukal paarkk cheyyaan oru cheria sthalamundu. thekk kurachu akale mattoru cheria kaar parking undu, athe roadinu sameepam thadaakathilekkulla mattoru futpaathinte avasaanathil.
praveshanam.
ettavum aduthulla pothu roadle ninnu 5 kilometeriladhikam allengil 3 myliladhikam akaleyaan eee malayidukkinte bhagangal. theerchayaayum, aaa roadukal mikkavarum valare cheria otta track rodukalaanu, kurachu kadannupokunna sthalangalundu, ithu shreniyude madhyabhaagathe kooduthal aprapyamaakkunnu. eee shreni kadakkunna cheria roadukalil niravadhi cheria kaar paarkkukalum landducent graamatthil ninnu lyne vaii phaan faachilekkulla praveshana roadinte adithattu vareyulla cheria roadle oru valia kaar park undu. bhoopradeshathinte muzhuvan bhaagavum thuranna rajyamaayi mapp cheythirikkunna bhoomi ulkkollunnu, athinaal grameena, raitts oof way act 2000 leeii vyavasthakal prakaram pothujanagalkk kaalnadayaayi niyamaparamaayi axus cheyyaan kazhiyum.
koodaathe, parvatha bikermar kuthirappadayaalikalum upayogikkunna niravadhi neenda briddlewakel vadakku ninnu thekkott kadakkunnu, ennirunnaalum avayude neelamulla bhagangal valare parukkan avyakthavumaanu. beekkan vazhi ekadesham kizhakk muthal padinjaaru vare eee parvathanirayiloode kadannupokunnu. sameepa varshangalil nadathakkaar paathayude chila bhagangal vardhippichathu thwarithappeduthiya mannolippinu kaaranamaayi, chilappol nertthathum charal niranjathumaaya mannum uyarnna mazhayum kaaranam prashnam vashalaavukayum brekkan beakons naashanal paarkk authority attakuttappanikalkk prerippikkukayum cheythu. uyarnnathum madhyathilullathumaaya nilangalil niravadhi peett bogukal undengilum chilath kallu niranja nadappathakalaal nirmmichirikkunnu. line vaii phaan phoor muthal escarpment vare renchinte madhyabhaagathulla phaan brycheniog vareyulla beekkan paatha vahikkunna nannayi graducheytha oru kallu padikalundu.
vanyajeevikal.
chuvanna pattam, saadhaarana bassard, kestral, carrian kakka, saadhaarana kakka, skylark enniva ulppede niravadhi vyathyastha inam pakshikal eee pradeshathundu. raajyathinte mattu bhaagangalil geyim keepparmaarude peedanam kaaranam chuvanna pattam munbu ithilum thekkan velukalile minid mallen polulla sameepa pradeshangalilum maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunne athinusesham chilttarnukal polulla thekkan brittanil ithu vyaapakamaayi avatharippikkappettu. kestral bussard vyaapakamaayi vyaapichukidakkunnum kakka uyarnna parvathanirakalil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirikku. feeld volukal, chuvanna kurukkanmaar, badgerukal thudangiya sasthanikalum niravadhi gaana pakshikalum undu. pradhana kodumudikalkku thaazheyulla vipulamaaya parukkan mechilppurangal kaaranam eee inam mannil koodundaakkaan anuvadikkunnathinaal skylark daaraalamaanu. aruvikalkku sameepam pied vaagteyilukalum kunnin mukalil ninnu ozhukunna torrentukalum saadhaaranamaanu.
saamskaarika samghadanakal.
black parvatham pothuve veyilsile ettavum vanyamaaya pradeshangalilonnayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, koodaathe lady oof dhaa lake, twerch trivith ennivayude artherian ithihaasam polulla niravadhi puraanangalumaayi ithu bandhappettirikkunnu. ettavum puthiya sambhavangal gadyathilum padyatthilum anusmarikkappedunnu, udha.jii. '1904 meyy maasathil eee moorukalil nadanna oru duranthatthinu sesham ezhuthiya 'moodalmanju muthal swarggam vare'. thekkukizhakkan arikilulla thottilin chilappol praadeshikamaayi urangunna bheeman ennu ariyappedunnu, sii. dablyu. emm. taavil ninnu thekk athinte profile prathyakshappettathin sesham.

