
paraspara aakarshanam

saamoohika manashaasthratthinte bhaagamaayi, platonic allengil romaantik bandhangalude vikaasathilekku nayikkunna aalukal thammilulla aakarshanathekkurichulla padanamaanu paraspara aakarshanam. ithu shaareerika aakarshanam polulla daaranakalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, koodaathe "enthaanu", "enthaanu allah" ennivayekkurichulla kaazhchappaadukal manoharamo aakarshakamo aayi kanakkakkunnu.
saamoohika manahshaasthra padanatthil, oraal mattoraale athramaathram eshtappedunnu allengil eshtappedunnilla ennathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. rund aalukale onnippikkukayum avarude verpiriyaline cherukkukayum cheiyunna oru shakthiyaayi ithine kaanaan kazhiyum. paraspara aakarshanam alakkumbol, pravachana krithyatha nedunnathinu aakarshikkappedunnavarude aakarshikkunnavarudeyum gunangal paraamarsikkanam. aakarshanam nirnnayikkaan vyakthithvavum sahacharyavum kanakkiledukkanamennu nirddeshikkunnu.
alakkal.
saamoohika manahshaasthrathil, doonn bairn vikasippichedutha paraspara aakarshana vidhi skeyil upayogichaanu paraspara aakarshanam mikkappozhum alakkunnathu. buddhi, samakaalika sambhavangalekkurichulla arivu, dhaarmikatha, krameekaranam, eshtappedal, oru thozhil pankaaliyenna nilayil agrahikkal thudangiya gadakangalude adisthaanathil oru vishayam mattoru vyakthiye vilayiruthunna oru alavukolaanu ithu. saamoohika thiranjeduppu, oru theeyathiykkaayulla aagrahathinte vikarangal, laingika pankaali allengil pankaali, swamedhayaa shaareerika saameepyam, kannumaayi sanbarkkam pularthunnathinulla aavruthi thudangiya saamoohika aakarshanathinte mattu nadapadikalumaayi eee skeyil nerittu bandhappettirikkunnave thonnunnu.
keysler goldberg aakarshanathinte alavukalaayi saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna vividha prathikarana nadapadikal vishakalanam cheyyukayum rund gadakangal verthirichedukkukayum cheythu aadyathethu, praadhamikamaayi saamoohika vaikaarikamaayi visheshippikkappedunnath, ishtam, soshyal klabbukalilum paarttikalilum vyakthiye ulppeduthaanulla aagraham, irippida thiranjeduppukal, orumichu uchabhakshanam enniva ulppedunnu. randaamathe gadakathil vottucheyyal, aadaravum bahumaanavum, lakshyathinte abhiprayam thedal thudangiya gadakangal ulppedunnu. vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna mattoru alaveduppu saankethikatha aathmanishtamaaya rettingukalaayo thaalpparyamulla vyakthiyude vidhikalaayo prakadippikkunna vaakkalulla prathikaranangale skeyil cheiyunnu.
kaaranangalum phalangalum.
paraspara aakarshanathilekku nayikkunna gadakangalundu. ellah gadakangalum saamoohika shakthippeduthalil ulppedunnuvennu padanangal soochippikkunnu. shaareerika aakarshanam, pravanatha (aashayavinimayathinte aavruthi), parichayam, saamyam, poorakatha, paraspara ishtam, shakthippeduthal enniva ettavum kooduthal padikkappedunnavayaanu. udaaharanathinu, shaareerika saameepyavum ashayavinimayavum aikyam vardhippikkunna reethiyilaan parichayatthinte swaadheenam kaanikkunnath, samaanathakalo pradhana lakshyangal niravettaanulla kazhivo kaaranam oru prathyeka vyakthiyodulla ashayavinimayavum kriyaathmaka manobhaavavum sugamamakkunna oru saamoohika ashayam. samanathakal vyathyaasangalekkaal ishtathilekkum aakarshanathilekkum nayikkumennu vishwasikkappedunnu. vyakthiparamaaya aakarshanathil shaareerika aakarshanathinte pankinekkurichu niravadhi padanangal shradha kendreekarichittundu. budhishakthi, kazhivu, ooshmalatha thudangiya gunangalkk aalukal anuyojyamaaya shaareerika roopamulla vyakthikale kaaranamaakunnu ennathaanu oru kandethal.
shaareerika aakarshanam.
oru vyakthiyude shaareerika swabhaavasavisheshathakal manoharamo manoharamo aanenna daaranayaanu shaareerika aakarshanam. laingika aakarshanam, soundaryam, saamyam, shareeram thudangi vividha prathyaaghaathangal ithil ulppedaam.
shaareerika swabhaavasavisheshathakalude aakarshanathekkurichulla vidhi ellah manushya samskarangalkkum bhaagikamaayi saarvathrikamaanu, bhaagikamaayi samskaaratheyo samoohatheyo kaalakramatheyo aasrayichirikkunnu, bhaagikamaayi jaivashasthraparavum bhaagikamaayi aathmanishtavum vyakthigathavumaan.
mukha soundaryathinte suvarnna anupatham nirnnayikkunna oru patanam anusarichu, mukha savisheshathakal thammilulla sharashari dooravum mukhatthinte sharashari neelavum veethiyum ullathaanu ettavum aakarshakamaaya mukham. mukhathe aakarshanam allengil soundaryam nirnnayikkaan kazhiyunnath samamithiyiloodeyum aanu. oru mukham asamamaanengil, ithu anarogyakaramaaya janithaka vivarangale soochippikkum. athinaal, oru mukham samamithiyaanengil (mukhatthinte samamiti kaanuka), aarogyakaramaya janithaka vivarangal soochippikkunnu. janithaka aarogyathinte shaareerika prakadanatthe adisthaanamaakki aalukal saadhyathayulla inakale vilayiruthum, ithu avarude prathyaksha aakarshanamaan. ithu nalla jeenukalude sidhaanthathe pinthunaykkunnu, ithu aakarshanathe santhathikalkku aarogyakaramaya jeenukal undaakumennum athinaal athijeevanathinulla ettavum mikacha saadhyathayundennum urappakkaanulla oru maargamaayi kaanunnu. oru pankaaliye thiranjedukkumbol nalla jeenukale soochippikkunna chila swabhaavasavisheshathakal (vyakthamaaya charmmam allengil mukhatthinte samamiti polullava) abhikaamyamaayi kaanapedunnu.
vyakthithvam.
paraspara bandhangalil (pranayam, sauhrudam muthalaayava) aalukal thammilulla vyakthithva swabhaavasavisheshathakalil saamyam undo illayo ennathinekkurichulla sammishra kandethalukal padanangal report cheythittundu.) bandhangalude samthrupthikkaayi athyaavashyamo anivaaryamo aanu. nigamanagalil ethaan upayogikkunna vividha tharatthilulla gaveshana reethikal ithinu kaaranamaan. rund vyakthikal thammilulla vyakthithva swabhaavasavisheshathakalile samanvayamaanu bandha samthrupthiyude oru pradhana pravachanamennathin munbulla thelivukalude abhavam vyakthikal aagola group thaarathamyathekkaal (reference-group prabhavam) parasparam pradhana thalatthil (praadeshika group) vidhinyaayangal edukkunnathaanu kaaranamenn vaadikkappedunnu.
2014leeii oru patanam soochippikkunnathu daya polulla nalla vyakthithva swabhaavangal chithreekarikkunna aalukal saadhaaranayaayi negatteevu vyakthithva swabhaavangal chithreekarikkunnavarekkaal kooduthal akarshakamaayi kaanapedunnu ennaanu.
samanatha aakarshana prabhavam.
thoovalukalude pakshikal orumichu" enna pazhanchollu, paraspara aakarshanathinte nirnaayaka nirnnayaka gadakamaanu saamyam ennu vyakthamakkaan upayogichittundu. aakarshanathekkurichulla padanangal soochippikkunnathu shaareerikavum saamoohikavumaaya roopathil aalukal samaanamaayavarkk shakthamayi aakarshikkappedunnu ennaanu. eee saamyam vishalamaaya ardhathilaanu asthi ghadana, swabhaavasavisheshathakal, jeevita lakshyangal, shaareerika roopam ennivayile saamyam. eee pooyintukal ethratholam poruthappedunnuvo athratholam santhushtarum samthruptharum samriddharumaaya aalukal eee bandhangalil undaakum.
lucklike ephakt svayam sthireekaranathinte punk vahikkunnu. oru vyakthi saadhaaranayaayi thante jeevithathinte vashangal, ashayangal, manobhaavangal, vyakthiparamaaya swabhaavasavisheshathakal ennivayude sthireekaranam aasvadikkunnu, aalukal avarude jeevitam chelavazhikkaan thante oru prathichaaya thedunnathaayi thonnunnu. parasparamulla aakarshanathinte adisthaana thathwam samaanathayude niyamamaan samanatha aakarshakamaan-souhrudathinum pranaya bandhangalkkum baadhakamaaya oru adisthaana thathwam. pankitta manobhaavangalude anupatham paraspara aakarshanathinte alavumaayi nannayi bandhappettirikkunnu. santhoshamulla aalukal mattu santhoshamulla aalukalkk chuttum nilkkaan eshtappedunnu, negatteevu aalukal mattu negatteevu aalukalkk chuttum nilkkaan eshtappedunnu. paroksha thelivukalude adisthaanathil 2004-ll nadatthiya oru padanatthil, manushyar thangalumaayulla mukhabhaavathinte bhagikamaaya saamyam adisthaanamaakki inakale thiranjedukkunnuvennu nigamanam cheythu.
moriyude aakarshana-samanatha maathruka (2007) anusarichu, yadhaartha saamyamulla aalukal prarambha aakarshanam srishtikkunnuvennu oru saadhaarana vishwaasamundu. oru souhrudathilennapole svayam sevikkukayo allengil oru romaantik bandhatthilennapole bandhathe sevikkukayo cheyyuka ennathaanu eee saamyam. 1963-leeii oru padanatthil, oru bandhatthil santhulithaavastha nedunnathinaayi aalukal manassilakkiya saamyam mattunna pravanatha kaanikkunnuvenn theodor nyookambe choondikkaatti. koodaathe, oru mukhaamukham aadya pranaya ettumuttalil paraspara aakarshanam pravachikkaan manassilakkiyathum ennaal yadhaartha saamyathayallathathumaaya kandethal undaayi.
1988-leeii oru padanatthil, lidoon, jaamisan & sanna ennivar soochippikkunnathu, janasamkhyaashaasthram, shaareerika roopam, manobhaavangal, paraspara shaili, saamoohikavum saamskaarikavumaaya pashchaathalam, vyakthithvam, mungananayulla thaalpparyangalum pravartthanangalum, ashayavinimayavum saamoohika kazhivukalum ennivayil aalukal thangalodu samanamaaya aalukalilekku aakarshikkappedunna bahumukha nirmmithikalaan paraspara samanathayum aakarshanavum. pothuvaaya pashchaathalangal, academic nettangal, manobhaavangal, moolyangal, rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukal ennivayulla vyakthikal saadhaaranayaayi suhrithukkalaayitheerumna 1961 ll koleju-dorm roomettukalekkurichulla nyookambiyude munkaala padanavum soochippikkunnu.
shaareerika roopam.
saamoohikashaasthranjanaaya erving gofman nirddeshicha poruthappeduthunna sidhaantham soochippikkunnathu shaareerika aakarshanam polulla saamoohika gunangalil thulyamaayi poruthappedunnavarumaayi aalukal deerghakaala bandham sthaapikkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanennu soochippikkunnu. gaveshakar vaalstarum vaalstarum nadatthiya patanam shaareerika aakarshanathinte kaaryatthil samaanathayulla pankaalikal parasparam ettavum kooduthal eshtappedunnuvennu kaanichu poruthappedunna sidhaanthathe pinthunachu. mattoru padanatthil eee poruthappedunna sidhaanthathe pinthunaykkunna thelivukalum kandethithi dettinginteyum vivaahanischaya dambathikaludeyum phottokal aakarshanathinte adisthaanathil rettucheythu, koodaathe innuvareyo edapazhakunnathino samanamaaya aakarshanamulla dambathikalkku oru krithyamaaya pravanatha kandethi. samanamaaya mukha aakarshanathinte eee thelivine niravadhi padanangal pinthunaykkunnu. pentan-vookku, perettu, peezhs (1999) ennivar chithrangalkk avarude swantham mukham kooduthal aakarshakamaanennu vilayiruthiyathayi kandethi. athiraalikale samanamaaya reethiyil avatharippikkumbol oru geyim playil vishayangal engane athiraalikale kooduthal panam ealppichuvennu debruin (2002) thante gaveshanathil theliyichu. littil, burt & peratt (2006) vivahita dambathikalude kaazhchayile saamyam parisodhikkukayum dambathikale ore praayatthilum aakarshana nilavaaratthilum vilayiruthiyathayi kandethukayum cheythu.
columbia sarvakalashaalayil ninnulla biruda vidyaarthikalil nadatthiya oru speed-dating pareekshanam kaanikkunnath oru pankaaliyil shaareerika aakarshanamaan munganana nalkunnathenkilum, purushanmaar sthreekalekkaal kooduthal munganana nalkunnu ennaanu. ennirunnaalum, yadhaartha jeevithathile saadhyathayulla pankaalikalkulla yadhaartha mungananakal parishodhikkumbol shaareerika aakarshanathinaayulla anuyojyamaaya pankaaliyude mungananakalile linga vyathyaasangal aprathyakshamaakumenn sameepakaala padanangal soochippikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, eestvikkum finkel (2008) oru speed dating maathrkayil shaareerika aakarshanathinte prarambha ratingukalum pankaalikalile romaantik thaalpparyavum thammilulla bandhatthil linga vyathyaasangal kandethunnathil parajayappettu.
shabdathinte gunanilavaaram.
shaareerika roopathinu purame, shabdathinte gunanilavaaravum paraspara aakarshanam vardhippikkumennu theliyikkappettittund. oguchiyilum kikuchiyilum (1997) oru sarvakalashaalayil ninnulla 25 vanita vidyaarthikal mattoru sarvakalashaalayil ninnulla 4 purusha vidyaarthikalude shabda aakarshanam, shaareerika aakarshanam, mothatthilulla vyakthiparamaaya aakarshanam ennivayude nilavaaratthilaayirunnu. swaravum shaareerika aakarshanavum mothatthilulla paraspara aakarshanathil swathanthramaaya swaadheenam chelutthi. ore padanatthinte randaam bhaagath, eee phalangal rund lingakkaarkkum (62 vishayangal, 20 purushanmaar, 42 sthreekal, 16 vidyaarthikal, 8 purushanmaar, 8 sthreekal) vidyaarthikalude oru valia saambilil aavarthichu. athupole, sukerman, miyakke, hodgins (1991) ennivar pothuvaaya aakarshanathinaayi lakshyangalude nireekshakarude ratinginu shabdavum shaareerika aakarshanavum ganyamaaya sambhavana nalkiyathaayi kandethi. oraalude shabdam aakarshakamaanennu aalukal vilayiruthumbol, aaa vyakthiye shaareerikamaayi aakarshakanaanennu vilayiruthaanum avar pravanatha kaanikkunnuvenn eee phalangal soochippikkunnu.
manobhaavangal.
vaijnjaanika sthiratha sidhaanthangale adisthaanamaakki, manobhaavangalileyum thaalpparyangalileyum vyathyasam veruppilekkum ozhivaakkalilekkum nayichekkaam, athesamayam manobhaavangalile saamyam saamoohika aakarshanathe prothsaahippikkunnu. manobhaava saamyam parasparam aakarshikkunnathum anukoolamaaya vivarangalum sajeevamakkunnuvennum athesamayam vyathyaasangal eee soochanakalude swaadheenam kuraykkumennum miller (1972) choondikkaatti.
jaamisan, laidan, sanna (1987-88) ennivarude padanangal kaanikkunnath manobhaava saamyam aalukalkk parasparam bahumanam engane vilayiruthaamenn pravachikkanum saamoohikavum boudhikavumaaya aadya impressionukal pravachikkanum kazhiyumennu-aadyathethu pravartthana munganana saamyathayum randaamathethu moolyathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla manobhaava saamyathayum. parasparamulla thaarathamyangalil, uyarnna manobhaavavum samanathayum inn-group amgangalkkidayil ekathaanathayilekku nayikkum, athesamayam kuranja manobhaavavum samanathayum inn-group amgangalkkidayil vaividhyathilekku nayikkukayum saamoohika aakarshanam prolsaahippikkukayum vividha jolikalil uyarnna group prakadanam kaivarikkukayum cheyyum.
manobhaavatthinte samanathayum aakarshanavum rekheeyamaayi bandhappettirikkunnavum, aakarshanam manobhaava maattathinu kaaryamaaya sambhavana nalkanamennilla.
mattu saamoohikavum saamskaarikavumaaya vashangal.
samana saambathika nilavaaramulla aalukal parasparam aakarshikkappedaan saadhyathayundennu bairne, clore, vortial (1966) abhiprayappettu. mathaparamaya pashchaathalam, rashtreeya aabhimukhyam, saamoohika-saambathika nila ennivayulppede chila janasamkhyaaparamaaya savisheshathakalil aalukal thangalude pranaya pankaalikale samaanamaayi kaanaan eshtappedunnuvennum buzz & barnus (1986) kandethi.
parasparamulla aakarshanam vyakthithva samanathayumaayi kriyaathmakamaayi bandhappettirikkunnave gaveshakar theliyichittundu. sammathabodham, manassaakshicheyyal, bahirgamanam, vaikaarika sthiratha, anubhavathodulla thuranna manass, aduppam ennivayil thangalodu saamyamulla pranaya pankaalikale aagrahikkaan aalukal chaayvullavaraanu.
aakarshanathinte vidhikale badhikkunna vidhinyaayangal ishtappedunnathinekkur pravartthana saamyam prathyekichum pravachikkunnathaanu. saamoohika aakarshanathinte parivarthanaanthara nadapadikal anusarichu, thanthraparamaaya saamyam pankaaliyude samthrupthiyumaayum aagola yogyathaa rettingukalumaayum kriyaathmakamaayi bandhappettirunnuvenkum abhipraaya mattavumaayum bodhyappedutthal nadapadikalumaayum bandhappeduthiyittil.
samanamaaya variableukal parishodhikkumbol avaa niravadhi vyakthithva savisheshathakalil kooduthal saamyamullathayi kaanapettu. sharashari bandhatthinte dairkhyam samanathayekkurichulla daaranayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave eee patanam kandethi; kooduthal kaalam orumichu undaayirunna dambathikale kooduthal thulyaraayi kaanunnu. samayam kadannupokumbol dambathikal pankitta anubhavangaliloode kooduthal orupoleyaakunnu ennatho allengil orupoleyulla dambathikal kooduthal kaalam orumichu thaamasikkunnu ennatho aanu eee phalathinu kaaranam.
parasparam ariyaanulla prarambha aakarshanathiloode oru bandham aarambikkunnathil samanatha swaadheenam cheluthunnu. uyarnna manobhaava saamyam lakshyamidunna vyakthiyodulla prarambha aakarshanathil ganyamaaya vardhanavinu kaaranamayennum uyarnna manobhaava vairudhyam prarambha aakarshanathil kuravundaakkiyennum kaanikkunnu. samanatha bandha prathibaddhathaye prolsaahippikkukayum cheiyunnu. bhinnalinga dambathikalekkurichulla padanatthil dambathikalude aantharika moolyangalile saamyam bandha prathibadhathayumaayum sthirathayumaayum bandhappettirikkunnave kandethi.
saamoohika swavarggavivaaham ennathu "bhaaryaabharthaakkanmaarude samanathayil nishkriyavum parokshavumaaya prathyaaghaathangal" ennaanu soochippikkunnathu. jeevithapankaaliyude munganana baadikkunnathil praayavum vidyaabhyaasa nilavaravum nirnaayakamaanennu phalam kaanichu. kaaranam, samana praayamulla aalukal skoolinte athe roopathil padikkukayum kooduthal samvadikkukayum cheiyunnu, propinkitti ephakt (i.iii.pothuvaaya swabhaavasavisheshathakal pankidunnavare kandumuttaanum samayam chelavazhikkanumulla aalukalude pravanatha) bhaaryaabharthaakkanmaarude samanathayil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam cheluthunnu. samayavumaayi vardhichuvarunna saamyathayaan samyojanam soochippikkunnathu. vyakthithva savisheshathakalekkaal manobhaavathilum moolyathilum valia swaadheenam cheluthunnuvennu muun gaveshanangal theliyichittundenkil, prarambha vargeekaranam (i.iii.vivaahathinte thudakkathil dambathikalkkullile saamyam) othucheralinekkaal, bhaaryaabharthaakkanmaarude saamyam vishadeekarikkunnathil nirnaayaka punk vahikkunnu.
inacheral mungananakalil thannodu saamyamulla oraale thiranjedukkunnathil nerittulla phalangale sajeevamaaya vargeekaranam soochippikkunnu. vyakthithva savisheshathakalekkaal rashtreeya, mathaparamaya manobhaavangalil kooduthal swaadheenam cheluthunnuvennu daatta kaanikkunnu. kandethalinte kaaranathekkurichu thudarnadapadikal uyarnnu. idiosynchratic enna ashayangal (i.iii. vyathyastha vyakthikalkk vyathyastha inayude mungananakalum sammathavum (athaayath.iii. inayude mungananyil mattullavarkk pakaram chila inakalkku munganana nalkunna oru samavayam. rashtreeya, mathaparamaya adisthaanangalil inayude munganana savisheshamaanennu daatta kaanikkunnu, udaaharanathinu, oru catholica oru budhamathakkaaranekkaal katholikkanaaya inaye thiranjedukkaan kooduthal saadhyathayund. atharam vyathirikthamaya mungananakal uyarnna thalatthilulla sajeevamaaya vargeekaranam srishtikkunnu, ithu bhaaryaabharthaakkanmaarude samaanathaye baadikkunnathil pradhana punk vahikkunnu. churukkatthil, sajeevamaaya vargeekaranam oru valia punk vahikkunnu, athesamayam atharam prabhavam kaanikkunnathil othucheralinu thelivukal kuravaanu.
propinkvitti prabhavam.
oru vyakthiye naam ethratholam kaanukayum avarumaayi edapazhakukayum cheiyunnuvo, athratholam avan allengil aval nammude suhrutho laingika pankaaliyo aakaan saadhyathayund" enna nireekshanatthe propinkitti prabhavam aasrayikkunnu."eee prabhavam verum exposure efakttumaayi valare saamyamullathaan, oru vyakthi oru uthejakathinu ethratholam vidheyanaakunnuvo athratholam vyakthi athu eshtappedunnu; ennirunnaalum, ozhivaakkalukalund. shaareerika sanbarkkamillaathe parichayavum sambhavikkam. sameepakaala padanangal kaanikkunnath internettiloode roopamkonda bandhangal, gunanilavaarathinteyum aazhathinteyum kaaryatthil, mukhaamukham vikasicha bandhangalumayi saamyamullathaanennu.
exposure prabhavam.
parichaya thathwam ennum ariyappedunna exposure ephakt, oru vyakthi entho oru kaaryathinu ethratholam vidheyanaakunnuvo athratholam avar athu eshtappedunnuvennu prasthaavikkunnu. ithu vasthukkalkkum aalukalkkum thulyamaayi baadhakamaan. 1992leeii oru padanatthil vyakthamaaya oru udaaharanamunda ore roopathilulla naalu sthreekal oru semastaril oru valia koleju kozhsil pankedukkunnuvennu gaveshakar paranju, angane oro sthriyum vyathyastha sessionukalil (0,5,10 allengil 15) pankedutthu. thudarnnu vidyaarthikal kaalavadhi avasaanikkumbol parichayavum aakarshanavum samanathayum ulla sthreekalkku rating nalki. parichayatthil exposure cheiyunnathinte falathaal edapedunna aakarshanathil eksposharinte sakthamaaya swaadheenam phalangal soochippichu. ennirunnaalum, exposure ellaayppozhum aakarshanam vardhippikkunnilla. udaaharanathinu, oru vyakthi kaalakramena thante swabhaavasavisheshathakalodu kooduthal ishtam valarthunnathinupakaram mattoraalude aavarthichulla perumattangalil kooduthal deshyappedukayum athinodu amithamaayi samvedanakshamatha kaanikkukayum cheyyumbol saamoohika allergy prabhavam sambhavikkam.
ferromonukal.
manushyar ulppedeyulla mrugangal sravikkunna chila pheromonukalkku mattullavare aakarshikkan kazhiyum, ithu manamilekku aakarshikkappedunnathayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. manushya laingika ferromonukal manushyante aakarshanathil oru punk vahichekkaam, ennirunnaalum manushyarkk yadhaarthathil mattoraalude pheromonukale ethra nannayi manassilakkaan kazhiyumennu vyakthamalla.
sidhaanthavum vashangalum.
rasathanthram.
bandhangalude pashchaathalatthil, rasathanthram ennathu rund aalukalkk oru prathyeka bandham pankidumbol labhikkuna oru lalithamaaya vikaaramaan. oraalude bandhatthinte valare thudakkathilaanu avarkk positteev allengil negatteevu rasathanthram undo ennu avabodhapoorvvam kandethaan kazhiyunnath.
nilakkadala vennayum jelliyum pole" allengil "oru prakadanam pole" polulla roopaka padangalil chila aalukal rasathanthrathe vivarikkunnu. paraspara vikaarangalude adisthaanathil ithine vivarikkaam-"rund aalukal thammilulla oru bandham, oru bandham allengil pothuvaaya vikaaram" allengil oru raasa prakriya-"ithu snehatheyo laingika aakarshanatheyo uthejippikkunnu...mastishka rasavasthukkal theerchayaayum ulppettirikkunnu ". sankeernamaaya maanadandangalude samyojanam vazhi ariyikkappedunna oru abodhaavasthayilulla theerumaanamaanu rasathanthram ennathaanu oru saadhaarana thettidhaarana. ennaal vaasthavathil, rasathanthram oru theerumaanamalla, marichu vyakthikal thammilulla aazhathilulla vaikaarika bandhamaan, athu avarkk aazhathilulla thalatthil manassilakkaanum anubhavikkanum kazhiyum.
rasathanthrathinte chila pradhana gadakangal ivayaanu "vidhinyaayamillaath, saamyam, nigoodatha, aakarshanam, paraspara vishwaasam, anaayaasamaaya ashayavinimayam". sneham, kaamam, moham, oralumaayi aduppathilakaanulla aagraham" ennivayude samyojanamaayaan rasathanthrathe visheshippikkaam.
ellaavarkkum rasathanthram anubhavappedunnilla" ennum "bhoomiyilninnu thaazhekku pookunnathum aathmaarthathayullavarumaaya aalukalkkidayilaanu rasathanthram palappozhum sambhavikkunnath" ennum gaveshanangal soochippikkunnu. kaaranam "oru vyakthikk svayam sukhakaramaanenkil, avarkk avarude yadhaartha swabhaavam lokathinu munnil prakadippikkaan kazhiyum, ithu avare arian eluppamaakkunnu...pradhanappetta kaaryangalile kaazhchappaadukal vyathyasthamaanenkilum."paraspara bandhangal roopappeduthunnathinu manassilakkaavunna vikaaram anivaaryamaayathinaal" samanathakal pankidunnathum rasathanthrathin anivaaryamaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu."
mattoru vyakthiyumayi nalla bandham pularthunnathinu vividha maanasikavum shaareerikavum vaikarikavumaaya lakshanangalund. adisthaana maanasika uthejanavum anandabodhavum samyojippicha" oru samyojanamaayi ithine visheshippichittundu. nadiviewham unarnnupokukayum oraalkk "drutha hridayamidippu, shwaasathadassam, apakadavumaayi bandhapetta samvedanangalumaayi saamyamulla aaveshathinte samvedanangal" ennivayude roopathil adrenaline labikkukayum cheiyunnu. mattu shaareerika lakshanangalil "rakthasammardham alppam uyarunnu, charmmam...mukhavum cheviyum flush cheyyuka...[ing] chuvapp aakkuka...[a] kaalmuttukalil balaheenata anubhavappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee lakshanangalellam vyakthigatha adisthaanathil vyathyaasappedunnu, ellah vyakthikalkkum ore lakshanagal anubhavappedanamennilla. oraalkk mattoraalude mail oru abhinivesham anubhavappedaam, "aaa vyakthiyude aduthekku [avar madangiyethumbol]" enna divasam aagrahikkunnu. mattoraalekkurichu chinthikkumbozhellaam oraalkk aniyanthrithamaayi punchirikkaanum kazhiyum.
thudakkathil athu anubhavappedunnillengil" oraalkk rasathanthram krithrimamaayi srishtikkaan kazhiyumo ennathinekkurichu chila charchakal nadakkunnundu. chila aalukal ithu ningalkk padikkaano padippikkaano kazhiyaatha onnaanenn karuthunnu...[ningalkkum undu...allengil ningal angane cheiyunnilla, "rasathanthram oru nimishatthekkaal oru prakriyayaanennu mattullavar karuthunnu", [ing] kettippadukkukayum kootticherkkukayum cheiyunnu, oduvil ningalkk itharathilulla raasabandham labhikkunnu. chila aalukal, krithrimamaayi rasathanthram srishtikkaan kazhiyumennu vishwasikkumbol, rasathanthram svayamprerithamaayi thangale adikkaan anuvadikkunnathaanu nallathennu karuthunnu.
paashchaathya samoohathil, rasathanthrathe saadhaaranayaayi "bandhatthinte ignittar [umm] kaattalistum" aayi kanakkakkunnu, athaayath.iii.eee rasathanthram illaathe oru bandhavum undaakilla. rasathanthram "oru bandham romaantik allengil platonic aayirikkam". rasathanthram "aalukal laingikamaayi aavegathodeyo arivillaaymayodeyo pravartthikkaan kaaranamakum". aarenkilum avarude bandhatthil vishwasthatha pularthunnathum oru ratri nilakollunnathum karyangal thedunnathum thammilulla vyathyasavum ithaayirikkaam.
dating coach ivaan maarkk kaatts abhipraayappedunnathu "bhaaviyile bandhatthinte ettavum thettidharippikkunna soochakangalilonnaanu rasathanthram. rasathanthram rasathanthramallathe mattonnum pravachikkunnilla."rasathanthrathin yadhaartha poruthakkedukalo munnariyipp adayaalangalo aalukale andharakkaan kazhiyumennathaanu kaaranam. manashaasthranjayaaya laurie bettitto abhipraayappedunnathu, krameekaricha vivahangal yadhaarthathil bandha samthrupthiyude kaaryatthil valare nannayi pravarthikkunnuvennum "ningalkk pothuvaayullavaye adisthaanamaakki oru theeppori srishtikkaan kazhiyumennathumaanu kaaranam. ningalkk pranayamaayi valaraan kazhiyum, pakshe ningal kaamatthil ninnu "valarunnu"."sakthamaaya rasathanthram pankidaattha dambathikalkku orumichu jeevithathinte uyarcha thaazhchakalil adhika prasnangal undakaamennathinaal physical kemistry" pradhaanamaanennu neel clark vaaran vaadikkunnu."bettittoyeppole, rasathanthrathinte abhavam kaaranam aadya theeyathiyil aareyengilum purathaakkaruthennu addeham nirddeshikkunnu. "pakshe," addeham kootticherkkunnu, "randaamatheyo moonnaamatheyo theeyathiyode mattoraale chumbikkano aduthaayirikkaano avante kaii pidikkano ningalkk sakthamaaya chaayvu thonnunnillenkil, ningalkk athu orikkalum anubhavappedilla."eee udharani matte vyakthi purushanaanennu anumaanikkunnundenkum, matoraal pakaram sthreeyaayirikkaam ennathaanu vasthuthayude sathyam. rasathanthram bandhangalude vijayathinte sakthamaaya pravachanamaanennu epril massiniyum parayunnu. rasathanthram varikayum pookukayum cheiyunnuvennum athu sajeevamaayi valarthiyedukkendathu pradhaanamaanennum avar nirddeshikkunnu, kaaranam ithu bhaaviyile samgharshangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan dambathikale sahayikkum.
poorakatha sidhaantham.
thoovalukalude pakshikal orumichu koottamkoodunnu" allengil "ethir pakshikal aakarshikkunnundo ennu paripoornnathayude maathruka vishadeekarikkunnu."
rund pankaalikal thammilulla paraspara poorakamaaya edapedal parasparam avarude aakarshanam vardhippikkunnuvennu padanangal kaanikkunnu. paraspara pooraka pankaalikal kooduthal adutha paraspara bandhamaan eshtappettathu. ettavum uyarnna snehavum souhaarddaparavumaaya bandham report cheytha dambathikal bandhatthinte gunanilavaarathil kuranja score nediya dambathikalekkaal aadhipathyathil kooduthal vyathyaasamullavaraayirunnu.
mathes aandu muur (1985) aalukalkk avarude aadarsha swabhaavathodu ekadeshamaayi thonnunna samapraayakkaarilekk aakarshikkappedunnathayi kandethi. prathyekichum, uyarnna aathmaabhimaanam ullavarekkaal kuranja aathmaabhimaanam ulla vyakthikal oru pooraka bandham aagrahikkanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. namme poorakamaakkunna aalukalilekku nammal aakarshikkappedunnu, kaaranam ithu nammude ishtappetta perumaattam nilanirthaan anuvadikkunnu, koodaathe nammude swantham perumaattatthe poorakamaakkunna oralumaayulla edapedal svayam moolyanirnnayavum surakshyum nalkunnu.
samanatha allengil poorakatha.
samaanathayudeyum poorakathayudeyum thathwangal uparithalathil parasparavirudhamaanennu thonnunnu. vaasthavathil, avar choodine sambandhicha alavinodu yojikkunnu. souhrudaparamaaya aalukal souhrudaparamaaya pankaalikale eshtappedumennu rund thathwangalum prasthaavikkunnu.
samaanathayudeyum poorakathayudeyum praadhaanyam bandhatthinte ghattathe ashrayichirikkum. aadyakaala aakarshanathil saamyam ganyamaaya bharam vahikkunnathayi thonnunnu, athesamayam kaalakramena bandham vikasikkumbol poorakatha praadhaanyam vahikkunnu. rund prabala vyakthikal samgharshangal anubhavichekkaamennathil, avarude pankaalikal avaril ninnu vyathyastharaanenkil aalukal avarude bandhatthil kooduthal samthruptharaakumennu markey (2007) kandethi, athesamayam rund vidheya vyakthikalkk munkaiyedukkaathathinaal niraashayundaakaam.
dharana yadhaartha perumattavum parasparam yojichathayirikkilla. aadipathyamulla aalukal thangalude pankaalikal samanamaaya aadhipathyamullavaraayi kanakkakkiya kesukalundaayirunnu, ennittum swatantra nireekshakarkk, avarude pankaaliyude yadhaartha perumaattam vidheyamaayirunnu, athaayath.iii. avarkk poorakam. neremaricha thelivukal undengilum aalukal avarude pranaya pankaalikale thangalumayi saamyamullavarayi kaanunnath enthukondaanennu vyakthamalla.
parinaama sidhaanthangal.
manushyarude paraspara aakarshanathinte parinaama sidhaantham parayunnath, oraalkk shaareerika savisheshathakal undaakumbol avan allengil aval valare phalabhooyishtaraanennu soochippikkumbozhaanu ethirlinga aakarshanam palappozhum sambhavikkunnath ennaanu. vaivaahika/pranaya bandhangalude oru praadhamika lakshyam prathyulppaadanamaannennu kanakkiledukkumbol, aalukal valare phalabhooyishtamaayi kaanapedunna pankaalikalil nikshepam nadathukayum avarude jeenukal adutha thalamurayilekku kaimaranullah saadhyatha vardhippikkukayum cheyyum.
shaareerika savisheshathakal soochippikkunna aalukal aarogyavaanmaaraanennu avar kooduthal akarshakamaayi kaanappedunnuvennum parinaama sidhaantham soochippikkunnu. aarogyamulla inaykku aarogyavumayi bandhapetta janithaka swabhaavasavisheshathakal undakanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanennum athu santhathikalkku kaimarumennum (paroksha aanukoolyangal ennariyappedunnu) aarogyamulla inaykku aarogyamulla inayekkaal mikacha vibhavangalum maathaapithaakkalude nikshepavum nalkaan kazhiyumennum sidhaantham soochippikkunnu. mukhatthinte samamiti kuranjavare apekshichu mukhatthinte samamiti ullavare kooduthal akarshakamaayi kanakkakkaanulla aalukalude pravanatha oru udaaharanamaanu. ennirunnaalum, thikachum samamithamaaya mukhangal saadhaarana mukhangalekkaal aakarshakamallenn kandethiya oru parisodhana nadatthi. eee patanam anusarichu, ettavum uyarnna aakarshanam chithreekarikkunna mukha savisheshathakalude asamathvavum samamitiyum thammilulla krithyamaaya anupatham ippozhum nirnnayikkappettilla.
eee savisheshathakal bandhuthwathinte soochanakalaayi varthikkunnathinaal aalukal avarudethinu samanamaaya mukhangalilekku aakarshikkappedunnuvennum abhipraayamund. mukhabhaavathinulla eee munganana sandarbhangalkkanusarichu vyathyaasappedumennu karuthappedunnu. udaaharanathinu, debruin muthalaayavar nadatthiya oru patanam. (2008) vyakthikal thangaludethinu samaanamaayi krithrimamaayi chithreekaricha mukhangale kooduthal saamoohika savisheshathakalullathaayi vilayiruthiyittunde ennaal avaa laingikamaayi aakarshakamaakaanulla saadhyatha kuravaanennum kandethi. eee phalangal "ulkkollunna shaareerikakshamatha sidhaanthathe" pinthunaykkunnu, ithu kooduthal vidoora bandhukkalumaayi adutha bandhamullah bandhukkale jeevikal sahaayikkumenn pravachikkunnu. santhathikalude aarogyathinaayi prajananachelavu pariganikkunna antharleenamaaya inaye thiranjedukkunna samvidaanangalum phalangal soochippikkunnu.
bandhangalil purushanmaarodulla sthree aakarshanam vardhippichu.
2009ll melissa burkley jessica parker nadatthiya oru padanatthil, pareekshicha 59 sathamaanam sthreekalum oru "anuyojyanaaya" avivahithanaaya purushanumaayi (sthreekalkku ariyaatha, saangalppikanaaya) bandham pularthaan thaalpparyappedunnuvennu kandethi. anuyojyanaaya" purushan ithinakam thanne oru romaantik bandhatthilaanennu avar vishwasichappol, 90 sathamaanam sthreekalkkum oru romaantik bandhatthil thaalpparyamundaayirunnu.
thakarkkunnu.
souhrudaparamo romaantik aaya oru bandham avasanikkaan (verpiriyal) niravadhi kaaranangalund. oru kaaranam ikvitti sidhaanthathil ninnaan uruthirinjathu bandhatthil undaayirikkunnathinulla vyakthiparamaaya chelavukal prathiphalathekkaal kooduthalaanennu bandhatthile oru vyakthikk thonnunnuvenkil, eee vyakthi bandham avasaanippikkanulla sakthamaaya saadhyathayund.

