
anthaaraashtra maadyamangal

arjanteeniyan kaviyum novelistum ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu angel dii estrada (1872-1923). 1872ll arjanteenayile buenos airsil janicha addeham 1923ll brazeelile rioo dii janeeroyil kadalil vachu marichu. nirgwan kavi ruban daariyoyude valia aaraadhakarum suhruthum itaaliyan ezhuthukaaranaaya gabriel dii 'annunsiyoyude kanatha swaadheenavumullayaalayirunu addeham.
kudumbacharitram.
1840-ll buenos airsil janicha aadyathe angel dii estrada sambannaraaya bhoovudamakalude oru neenda nirayil ninnu vannu, sosidad grameena arjanteena (grameena arjanteeniyan samooham) sthaapikkaan sahayichu. addehathinte kudumbabandhangalum valia bhagyavum addehathe oru vijayakaramaya bisinasukaranaakaan sahayichu. 1869-ll addeham edittoriyal estrada enna prasidheekarana sthaapanam sthaapichu, athu innu mcmillan grouppinte bhagamaanu. arjanteenayil aadyathe paper factory thurakkunnathu ulppede prasidheekarana mekhalayil addeham samanamaaya samrambhangal thudarnnu. athivegam valarunna raajyathin aavashyamaaya niravadhi vidyaabhyaasa saamagrikal dii estrada nalki. 1918ll angel dii estrada marichu. athe perilulla addehathinte makan angel dii estrada orupakshe pithaav upekshichupoya joliyude falamaayi ariyappedunnu.
currier.
1889-ll angel dii estrada (makan) niravadhi lekhanangalumayi oru kaviyayi thante currier aarambhichu, ennaal addehathinte mikacha rachanakal gadyathilum aadhunika sailiyilumaanu. francineyum italiyude navothaanatheyum snehichirunna asraanthanaaya oru sanjaariyaayirunnu addeham. addehathinu valia bhagyamundaayirunnu, ellaayppozhum oru mahanaaya maanyanaayirikkunnathinte adayaalangal addeham kaanichu. thante rajyath addeham naashanal collegilum akkadami oof artsilum padippichu.
thante yaathrakalude vivaranagal ezhuthaanum addeham ishtappedukayum vividha pathrangalil ezhuthukayum cheythu. addehathinte athilolamaaya samgeethavum soundaryavalkkarana manobhaavavum dhaaraalam navabhaashakalum prakrithidrishyangaleyum paristhithikaleyum kurichulla vivaranathil vishadaamshangalilekku shradha kendreekarikkaanulla sradheyamaaya pravanathayum addehathinte savisheshathayaanu.
1923ll rioo dii janeeroykkaduthulla europilekkulla yaathrayil ninnu arjanteenayilekku thirike kondupookunna kappalil addeham kadalil vachu marichu.