
tavanus

swittsarlandile bernn kantonile juura bernois administrative jillayile oru munisippaalittiyaan tavanes. kantoninte franch samsaarikkunna bhagamaaya juura parvathanirakalilaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
charithram.
soosinte thaazhvaraykkum birsinte thaazhvaraykkum edayilulla joorayiloode prakrithidatha thurankam ullathinaal tavanesinu chuttumulla pradesham helvetic samathalathile aadyakaala nivaasikal kadannupoyi. marcus ooreliyas chakravartthiyude keezhil eiii. dii 161num 169num idayil romakkar eee rooad mechappeduthi. roman bharanadhikaarikal piyari-pertoosile malancherivil ithumaayi bandhapetta oru likhitham avasheshippichu.
aadyakaala millukal birsinadutthaayi nirmikkappettu, athinte jalam oorjja srotassaayi upayogichu. jillayile aadyakaala janavaasamulla sthalangalil onnaayirunnu tavanes. purathana jarmman padangalaaya 'thaa-vinja, ansian howt allemand daas, germmanic * tahsu, blairo, ettu gothik vinja, germmanic * venjo, paattarej [perenot] ennivayil ninnaan ithinte peru vannath. ', athaayath pazhaya jarmman naamamaya' daxfeldon 'ennathinu thulyamaanu.
naalam noottaandil roman saamrajyam thakarnnappol bargundiyakkaar tavanesinu chuttumulla pradeshathekku maari. 630-ll mouttiyar-grandwall oru ashramam sthaapikkappettu, tavanus athinte udamasthathayilaayirunnu.
tavanesine (allengil athinte laattin thulyamaaya "tissevana") kurichulla aadya paramarsham 866-ll aanu. 999-ll burgandyile rudolph moonnaaman rajaavu mouttiyar-grandwalinte ashramavum athinte ellah swathukkalum basal rajakumaran-bishappin nalki. rudolfinte maranashesham, eee jilla 760 varshatholam vishudha roman saamraajyathilekku kadannupoyi.
1530 leeii vasanthakaalath, gwillom farrell tavaneyilum parisara pradeshangalilum parishkaranatthe valia vijayathode prasamgichu. protestant parishkaranatthinte puthiya vishwaasam tavanus amgeekarichappol, 1385-ll nirmmicha villej charchu oof seyint-ettiyen oru parishkaricha palliyayi maarukayum 1930-ll kristhuvaayiyude catholica palli nirmmikkunnathuvare tavaanasile eaka palliyayi thudarukayum cheythu.
franch viplavathinushesham 1792ll franch republican sainyam jilla akramikkukayum praadeshika sainikare nirbandhithamaayi athinte raankukalilekku niyamikkukayum cheythu. chilar aaveshabharitharaayirunnu, avaril theophile voyrol, druthagathiyilulla sthaanakkayattangalkku sesham oru generalayi. pinneedu addeham oru franch prabhuvum aljeeriyayude gavarnarumaayirunnu.
1797leeii franch vijayathin campo formio udambadikkum sesham, tavanes franch department oof mondu-terriblinte bhaagamaayi. moonnu varshathinu sesham, 1800-ll ithu howt-rinn vibhaagathinte bhaagamaayi. neppoliyante paraajayathinum vienna kongrasinum sesham, 1815-ll tavanesine bernn kantonilekku niyamichu. 1797-ll basal bishoperic pirichuvidunnathuvare nagara sarkkar sthaapithamaayirunnilla.
1874ll munisippaalitti valarunna railway shringalayumaayi bandhippikkappedukayum 1890kalode niravadhi valia faaktarikal sthaapikkappedukayum cheythu. tavanus vaachu kambani sthaapichu. 1895ll eee graamam oru pradhana vaachu making sentaraakki maatti. vardhichuvarunna janasamkhyaye paarppikkunnathinaayi 1900 num 1930 num idayil niravadhi swis chaalat, art noview shailiyilulla veedukal nirmikkappettu. 1918 ll rajakeeya sinima thurakkukayum tavanesine praadeshika saamskaarika kendramaakki maattukayum cheythu. 1966ll tavanes vaachu factory adachupoottukayum 1986ll oru pradhana nirmmaathaav adachupoottukayum cheythappol janasamkhya kuranju. eiii16 motorveyude nirmmaanathode janasamkhya pathiye vardhikkaan thudangi.
bhoomishaasthram.
tavanesinu oru pradeshamundu. 2012 leeii kanakkanusarichu, motham allengil 48.2% kaarshika aavasyangalkkaayi upayogikkunnu, allengil 41.1% vanathilaanu. backie bhoomi, allengil <aii. dii. 1> sthirathaamasamaakkiyirikkunnu (kettidangaloo rodukalo), allengil 0.1 sathamaanam nadikaloo thadaakangalo aanu.
athe varsham thanne bhavanangalum kettidangalum 5.8 sathamaanavum gathagatha adisthaanasoukaryangal 2.8 sathamaanavum aayirunnu. oorjja, jala adisthaana soukaryangalum vanabhoomiyude 1.2 sathamaanam varunna mattu prathyeka vikasita pradeshangalum, motham bhoopradeshathinte <aii. dii. 1] kanatha vanapradeshavum 3.2 sathamaanam thottangalo cheria marakkoottangalo kondu moodappettirikkunnu. kaarshika bhoomiyil, vilakal valarthaan <aii. dii. 2> upayogikkunnu, <aii. dii. 1> mechilppurangalum <aii. dii. 3> alpine mechilppurangalum upayogikkunnu. munisippalittiyile ellah vellavum ozhukunnu.
birs thaazhvarayile birs nadiyude uravidathinaduthaanu munisippaalitti sthithi cheiyunnathu.
2009 desember 31nuu munisippaalittiyude muun jillayaya distrikt dii mouttiyar pirichuvittu. pittennu, 2010 januvari 1 nuu, ithu puthuthayi srishticha arrontisment administrettar juura bernoysil chernnu.
kottu oof ams.
munisippal kottu oof aamsinte blayson "assure eiii roosttar hardy allengil crested langwade, jelloped gulls enniva 3 coupo vertt parvathathilaanu."
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
tavaanesinte janasamkhya () aanu. janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 1> videsha pouranmaaraanu. kazhinja 10 varshathinide (2001-2011) janasamkhya 1.4 sathamaanam nirakkil maari. kudiyettam 1.1 sathamaanavum jananavum maranavum 0.2 sathamaanavum aayirunnu.
janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagavum () avarude aadya bhashayaayi franch (2,835 allengil 84.0%) samsaarikkunnu, jarmman randaamathe ettavum saadhaaranamaaya bhasha (202 allengil 6.0%), itaaliyan moonnaamathe bhasha (122 allengil 3.6%).
janasamkhya 49.5% purushan 50.5% sthreekalum aayirunnu. janasamkhyayil 1,350 swis purushanmaarum (janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 2>) 370 (<aii. dii. 1>) swis ithara purushanmaarum ulppedunnu. 1, 477 swis vanithakalum (aii. dii. 1) 281 (8.1%) swis ithara vanithakalum undaayirunnu. munisippalittiyile janasamkhyayil 1,041 allengil ekadesham <aii. dii. 1> 2000-ll tavanesil janichu avide thaamasichu. 1,069 allengil <aii. dii. 4> ore kantanil janichu, 461 allengil <aii. dii. 3> swittsarlandil mattevideyengilum janichu, 675 allengil <aii. dii. 2> swittsarlandinu purathu janichu.
kuttikalum kaumaarakkaarum (aii. dii. 4> vayass) janasamkhyayude aii. dii. 5 aanu, muthirnnavar (aii. dii. 2> vayass) aii. dii. 1 umm muthirnnavar (64 vayassinu mukalil) aii. dii. 3 umm aanu.
munisippalittiyil avivaahitharum orikkalum vivaham kazhikkaathavarumaaya 1,355 perundaayirunnu. vivahitharaaya 1,631 perum vidhavakalo vidhavakalo aaya 224 perum vivaahamochanam nediya 163 perum undaayirunnu.
oraal maathram ulppedunna 612 veedukalum ancho athiladhikamo aalukalulla 91 veedukalum undaayirunnu. motham 1,437 appaartmentukal (motham aii. dii. 1) sthiramaayi niranjirikkumbol 113 appaartmentukal (6.6 sathamaanam) kaalaanusrithamaayi niranjirikkukayum 164 appaartmentukal (9.6 sathamaanam) shoonyamaavukayum cheythu. puthiya bhawana yoonittukalude nirmmaana nirakk 1000 thaamasakkaarkk 4.6 puthiya unitaayirunnu. munisippaalittiyude ozhivukalude nirakk 1.66% aayirunnu. 2011ll munisippalittiyile motham bhavanangalude aii. dii. 1 aayirunnu otta kudumba veedukal.
charitraparamaaya janasamkhya thaazhepparayunna chartle nalkiyirikkunnu
deseeya praadhaanyamulla paithruka sthalangal.
charchu oof kristt-rooy, piyar pertuse (roman roadinu mukalilulla paarayil kothiyeduttha bhagam) enniva deseeya praadhaanyamulla swis paithruka sthalangalaayi pattikappedutthiyittundu. nagaravalkarikkappetta gramamaaya tavanes muzhuvan swis paithruka sthalangalude pattikayude bhagamaanu.
adolph gyonatt aanu kristhuvaaya royi palli nirmmichathu. sent kalakaaranmaarude interior alankaarathinte bhooribhaagavum ulla lalithavum thurannathumaaya moonnu edanaazhikalulla palliyaan palli. 1924ll swittsarlandil sthaapithamaaya luke sosaitti (ezz. ezz. ell). pradhana kavaadathinu mukalilulla punarutthaanatthinte mosaik cheythath gino severiniyum luis baarillattum aanu. emilio-maria berettayude srishtikalaayirunnu nalla shepperdinte pradhana balipeeta mosaik palppitt mosaik. alexander singriyayude srishtiyaanu karayulla glass.
tavanesinu mukalilulla parvathangaliloodeyulla roman kaalaghattatthile oru thurankamaanu piyar pertuse. ravurisiyum helvetti pradeshangalum thammilulla athirthi thurankam adayaalappeduthi. marcus dunious paatternasinte moonnaam noottaandile oru likhitham ippozhum thurankatthinte vadakku bhaagath kaanam.
raashtreeyam.
2011leeii federal thiranjeduppil 29 sathamaanam vottu nediya swis peeples partyanu (ezz. vii. pii) ettavum janapriyamaaya party. soshyal demookratik party (ezz. pii.) (<aii. dii. 1>), mattoru praadeshika party (7.8%), green party (7.5%) ennivayaayirunnu adutha moonnu janapriya partykal. federal thiranjeduppil motham 819 vottukal rekhappeduthukayum vottarmaarude ennam <aii. dii. 1> aayirikkukayum cheythu.
sambadghadana.
, tavaanesinte thozhilillaayma nirakk 2.72% aayirunnu. munisippalittiyil aake 1,212 perr jolie cheythirunnu. ithil 57 perr praadhamika saambathika mekhalayil jolie cheiyunnavarum 21 oolam bisinasukal eee mekhalayil earppettirikkunnavarum. 476 perr dvitheeya mekhalayil jolie cheyyukayum 50 bisinasukal eee mekhalayil pravartthikkukayum cheythu. eee mekhalayil 120 bisinasukalulla 679 perr moonnaam mekhalayil jolie cheiyunnundu. munisippalittiyil 1,686 thamasakkaar chila seshiyil jolie cheythirunnu, athil sthreekalum thozhilaallikalude aii. dii. 1 aayirunnu.
 motham 987 muzhuvan samaya thulya jolikalundaayirunnu. praadhamika mekhalayile jolikalude ennam 42 aayirunnu, athil 39 ennam krishiyilum 3 ennam vanavalkkaranathilo thadi ulppaadanathilo aayirunnu. dvitheeya mekhalayile 434 jolikalil 246 allengil (56.7%) uthppaadanathilum 170 (39.2%) nirmmaanathilumaayirunnu. moonnaamthala mekhalayile thozhilukalude ennam 511 aayirunnu. moonnaamthala mekhalayile; 148 allengil aii. dii. 3; mothakkachavadathilo chillara vilppanayilo motor vaahanangalude attakutappanikalilo aayirunnu; 42 allengil 8.2% charakkukalude chalanathilum sambharanathilum aayirunnu; 39 allengil 7.6% oru hotelilo restorantilo aayirunnu; 14 allengil 2.7% vivara vyavasaayathilo aayirunnu; 14 allengil 2.7% insurance allengil saambathika vyavasaayathilo aayirunnu; 35 allengil 6.8% saankethika professionalukaloo shaasthranjaro aayirunnu; 70 allengil aii. dii. 1 vidyaabhyaasathilum 95 allengil aii. dii. 2 aarogya samrakshanathilumaayirunnu.
672 thozhilaallikal munisippaalittiyilekkum 1,008 thozhilaallikal yaatra cheyyukayum cheythu. oororutharum praveshikkunnathinu ekadesham onnara thozhilaallikal munisippaalitti vidunna thozhilaallikalude motham kayattumathikkaraanu munisippaalitti. motham 678 thozhilaallikal (munisippalittiyile motham 1,343 thozhilaallikalil <aii. dii. 1>) thavaaneyilaanu thaamasichirunnathu. tavaneyilekku varunna thozhilshakthiyude ekadesham 1 sathamaanam swittsarlandinu purathu ninnaan varunnath.
jolie cheiyunna janasamkhyayil, 13.6% jolisthalathekku pookaan pothugathagatham upayogichu, 60.4% oru swakaarya kaar upayogichu.
2011ll rund kuttikalulla oru vivahita thaamasakkaarante sharashari praadeshika, kantonal nikuthi nirakk 150,000 chf sambaadikkunna tavaanesinte 13.1% aayirunnu, athesamayam avivahithanaaya oru thaamasakkaarante nirakk 19.2% aayirunnu. thaarathamyappeduthumbol, athe varsham muzhuvan kantoninteyum nirakk 14.2%, 22.0% aayirunnu, athesamayam rajyavyaapaka nirakk yathaakramam 12.3%, 21.1% aayirunnu. 2009ll munisippalittiyil motham 1,503 nikuthidaayakarundaayirunnu. ithil 407 ennam prathivarsham 75,000 cfilaanu sambaadikkunnathu. prathivarsham 15,000 muthal 20,000 vare varumanam nedunna 18 perundaayirunnu. ettavum kooduthal thozhilaallikal, athaayath, prathivarsham 50,000 muthal 75,000 vare thozhilaallikal, varumanam undaakkunnu. tavaneyile 75,000-ladhikam chf grouppinte sharashari varumanam 119,231 chf aayirunnu, athesamayam swittsarlandiludaneelamlu sharashari 130,478 chf aayirunnu.
2011ll motham janasamkhyayude 8.8 sathamaanam perkku sarkkaaril ninnu nerittulla saambathika sahayam labhichu.
matham.
1,369 allengil 40.6% swis parishkaricha sabhayil pettavaraayirunnu, athesamayam 1,124 allengil 33.3% roman catholicaraayirunnu. bakkiyulla janasamkhyayil, oru yaadhaasthithika sabhayil 13 amgangalum (allengil janasamkhyayude ekadesham aii. dii. 1), kristhyan catholica sabhayilpetta oru vyakthiyum, mattoru kristhyan sabhayilpetta 298 vyakthikalum (allengil janasamkhyayude ekadesham aii. dii. 2) undaayirunnu. 119 perr (allengil janasamkhyayude ekadesham <aii. dii. 1>) islaamikaraayirunnu. anchu perr budhamathakkaarum aarr perr mattoru palliyilumullavarumaayirum. 319 perr (allengil janasamkhyayude ekadesham aii. dii. 2) oru palliyilum pettavaralla, anjeyavaadikalo nireeshwaravaadikalo aanu, 119 vyakthikal (allengil janasamkhyayude ekadesham aii. dii. 1) chodyathinu utharam nalkiyilla.
vidyaabhyaasam.
janasamkhyayude ekadesham aii. dii. 2% nirbandhithamallaatha unnathavidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkukayum aii. dii. 1 + adhikavidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu (onnukil sarvakalashaala allengil oru "faachoshchyool"). sensasil pattikappedutthiya eathenkilum tharatthilulla moonnaamvidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkiya 247 peril, swis purushanmaar, swis vanithakal, swis ithara purushanmaar, swis ithara sthreekal ennivar 8.9 sathamaanavum swis ithara vanithakal 3.2 sathamaanavum aayirunnu.
bernn school samvidaanathile kantoon oru varshathe nirbandhithamallaatha kindergarten thudarnnu aarr varshathe primery school nalkunnu. ithinethudarnnu moonnu varshathe nirbandhitha lover secondary school, avide vidyaarthikale kazhivinum abhiruchikkum anusarichu verthirikkunnu. lover seconderic sesham, vidyaarthikalkku adhika school vidyaabhyaasathil pankedukkaam, allengil avarkk oru aprenteeshippil praveshikkaam.
<aii. dii. 1> school varshathil, tavanesil motham 455 vidyaarthikal klaasukalil pankedutthu. munisippalittiyil motham 69 vidyaarthikalulla naalu kindergarten klaasukalundaayirunnu. kindergarten vidyaarthikalil, 13.0% swittsarlandile sthiramo thaalkkaalikamo aaya thaamasakkaaraayirunnu (pouranmaaralla) koodaathe 10.1% klaas room bhaashayekkaal vyathyasthamaaya maathrubhaashayullavaraanu. munisippalittiyil 12 primery klaasukalum 241 vidyaarthikalumundaayir. praadhamika vidyaarthikalil, 14.9% swittsarlandile sthiramo thaalkkaalikamo aaya thaamasakkaaraayirunnu (pouranmaaralla), koodaathe 14.1% nuu klaas room bhaashayekkaal vyathyasthamaaya maathrbhaashayundu. athe varsham thanne motham 111 vidyaarthikalulla aarr lover secondary klaasukalundaayirunnu. swittsarlandile sthiramo thaalkkaalikamo aaya thaamasakkaraaya (pouranmaaralla) 20.7% undaayirunnu, koodaathe 26.1% klaas room bhaashayekkaal vyathyasthamaaya maathrubhaashayullavarumaayirunnu. bakkiyulla vidyaarthikal oru swakaarya allengil prathyeka schoolil chernnu.
munisippalittiyile eathenkilum schoolil motham 469 vidyaarthikalaanu padichirunnathu. ivaril 415 perr munisippalittiyil thaamasikkukayum schoolil padikkukayum cheythappol 54 vidyaarthikal mattoru munisippalittiyil ninnullavaraan. athe varsham thanne 83 thamasakkaar munisippaalittikk purathulla skoolukalil chernnu.
bibliothech regional dii tavanes"-nte aasthaanamaanu tavanes. libraryil () 13,301 pusthakangalo mattu maadhyamangalo undu, athe varsham thanne 38,099 enangal vaaypayaayi nalki. aaa varsham aazhchayil sharashari 17.5 manikkoor enna nilayil motham 230 divasam ithu thurannirunnu.
gathagatham.
munisippalittiyil oru railway steshanundu. staanderd gej sonsebos-sombeval-mouttiyar lineilum idungiya gej tavanes-noirmond lineilum sthithicheyyunna ithu, koodaathe,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,