chattam shabdam

american aikyanaadukalile alaskayude athirthiyilulla kaanadayile britiish kolambiyayude vadakkan theerathulla oru shabdamaanu chaatham soundu. dundakalkkum steefans dveepukalkkum tsan upadveepinum idayilaanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu, ithu akathe paathayude bhagamaanu, vadakku portland inlettu muthal thekk porcher dweep vare vyaapikkunnu. 
tugwellinum melville dveepukalkkumidayil varacha oru rekhayiloode shabdathe rund bhagangalaayi thirikkam. vadakkan bhaagathe, naas nadiyude puranthallalum likes kwaalaamukalude gramavum swaadheenikkunnu, thekkan bhaagathe skeena nadiyude puranthallalum prins rupert nagravum swaadheenikkunnu.
1788ll britiish kyapttan chaals dunken akkaalat admiralttiyude aadya prabhuvaayirunna chaathatthile randaamathe erl joonn pittinte perilayirikkaam ithinu eee peru nalkiyathu.
bhoomishaasthram.
ekadesham ekadesham oru vistheernnamulla ardha-adanja thadamaanu chaatham soundu. pradhana, thavitt, hudson ulkkadal, edai paasejukal thudangi niravadhi chaanalukal vazhi hekkett kadalidukkinteyum dixon praveshanakavaadatthinteyum thuranna vellavumayi ithu bandhippichirikkunnu. athinte thekke attathu, marcus, arther bhagangal polulla ulnaadan bhaagangalilekkum athinappuramulla grenavil chaanalilekkum shabdam praveshanam nalkunnu.
naas nadhi (portland inlettu vazhi), skeena nadhi (inverness, marcus paasejukal vazhi) ennivayaanu shabdathilekku ozhukunna rund pradhana nadikal. shudhajalathinte valia ozhukk kaaranam shabdathinte lavanathvam aduthulla samudrathekkaal kuravaanu.
hydrography.
shabdathinte vadakkan bhaagath aazham kaviyunnuvenkil ozhike, chaatham shabdathinte bhooribhaagavum aazhathil thaazheyaan.
padinjaaran bhaagath uparithala jalathinaduthulla uyarnna lavanathayilekku maarunna, athinte kizhakk bhaagath uparithala jalathinaduthulla lavanatha kuravaanu chaatham shabdathinte savisheshatha.
veliyettangalude ettavum uyarnna moolyangalum sharashari veliyetta shreniyum ulla valare valia veliyettangalude oru pradesamaanu chaatham shabdam. valia veliyetta nirakal, kaalaanusrithamaayi sakthamaaya kaatt, skeena, naas nadikalil ninnulla valia shudhajalavitharanam ennivayude samyojanam kaaranam pravaahangal aanupaathikamaayi shakthavum valare vyathyaasappettirikkunnu.
paristhithi.
veliyetta mishrithatthinte falamaayi, ucha praadhamika uthppaadanakshamathayum uyarnna saandrathayulla phytoplankton biomass ulla oru mekhalayaanu chaatham shabdam. 
pasaphik vadakkan theerathe samyojitha maanejment eriyayile chemmeen enangalude ettavum valia vaividyamaanu eee shabdathinu ullathu, ithil ennam humpback chemmeenaan.
eee pradeshathu chaanaka njandukalude pradhana koottangalum undu.
orikkal vamshanasham sambhavichathayi karuthiyirunna sponch reefukal ippol soundu florinte oru pradhana gadakamaayi ariyappedunnu. ettavum valia klasttarine ippol chaatham soundu reef complexes ennu namakaranam cheythittundu. 

