
joonn pathinaraman marpappa

joonn pathinaraman marpappa (c. 955 desember 16 muthal 964ll addehathinte maranam vare romile bishop marpappa samsthaanangalude bharanaadhikaariyumaayirunnu okdaaviyan enna peril janicha 964 meyy 1). aranoottaandilereyaayi maarppaappayude raashtreeyathil aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna sakthamaaya roman kudumbamaaya kaundsa oof tusculavumaayi addeham bandhappettirunnu. kaumaarapraayatthinte avasaanathilo irupathukalude thudakkathilo addeham maarppaappayaayi. 960ll addeham thekk bhaagathulla lombaardukalumaayi ettumutti. romine eluppathil niyantrikkaan kazhiyaathathinal addeham germmaniyile ottoo onnaaman raajaavinte sahayam thedukayum addehathe chakravarthiyaayi kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythu. joonn pathinaaraamante madaadhipathiyaayirikke addeham thante padavi nadathiyirunna adharmmathinum laukikathaykkum addeham kuprasidhanaayi. taamasiyaathe addeham ottoyumaayi akannu, pakshe addehathe sthaanabhrashtanaakkaanulla shramathil oottoo vijayikkunnathin munbu addeham marichu.
kudumbavum thiranjeduppum.
spolettoyile alberic randaamante makan patrician svayambharanamulla romile rajakumaaranumaayirunnu octavianus. addehathinte amma aalberikkinte randaanachayum italiyile rajaavaaya hyooginte makalumaaya viyenneyude aaldayaayirunnuvenn vishwasikkappedunnu. ennaal, ithil chila samshayangalundu. octavianus oru veppaattiyude makanaanennu ("genuit (alberic) ex princippam ex vepattiyam philium, imposuit ees nomen octabianus") soraakteyude benedikt rekhappeduthiyittundu addehathinte laattin vyakthamalla. addeham aldayude makanaayirunnengil, maarppaappayaakumbol addehathinu 18 vayass thikayumaayirunnu, ennaal oru veppaattiyude makanaayirunnengil addehathinu 7 vayass vare moothavaraayirikkaamaayirunu. vichitramaaya kuninum campus marshyasinum idayil sthithi cheiyunna prabhukkanmaarude kwartaraaya lathaav vazhiyaan addeham janichathu. augustasine prachodippikkunna addehathinte peru, kudumbam thangaleyum addehathinte vidiyeyum engane kaanunnu ennathinte vyakthamaaya soochakamaayirunnu.
954-ll marikkunnathin thottumunbu, alberic sent. maarppaappayude kaseraykkulla adutha ozhivukal eee ghattathode palliyil praveshicha addehathinte makan okdaaviyan nikathumennu peettar vyavastha cheythu. pithaavinte maranathode, oru ethirppum koodaathe, 17 num 24 num idayil praayamulla romaakkaakkalude rajakumaaranaayi addeham pithaavinte pingamiyaayi.
955 novemberil agapettas randaaman maarppaappayude maranathode, domnikkayile santa mariyayude kardinal deakenaayirunna okdaaviyan 955 desember 16 nuu addehathinte pingamiyaayi thiranjedukkappettu. joonn pathinaraman enna apostolica namam addeham sweekarichathu maarppaappayude kaserayilekku uyarnnappol oru raajapadaviyilulla peru sweekaricha oru popsifinte moonnaamathe udaaharanamaayirunnu, aadyathethu joonn randaaman (533-535), randaamathe joonn moonnaaman (561-574). thudakkam muthal, mathethara prasnangalumaayi bandhappett, puthiya marpappa okdaaviyan enna peril thante nirddeshangal purappeduvichu, athesamayam sabhayumaayi bandhapetta ellah kaaryangalilum addeham marpappa kaalakalum mattu vasthukkalum joonn enna pontifical peril puratthirakki.
maarppaappayude bharanam.
ekadesham 960-ll, beneventam, kaapuva ennividangalile lombard dachikalkkethire joonn vyakthiparamayi oru aakramanathinu neethrthwam nalki, orupakshe maarppaappaykk nashtappetta samsthaanangalude chila bhagangal veendedukkunnathinaayi. tusculum, spoletto ennividangalil ninnulla oru sainyathinte thalaykku nere joonn march cheiyunnathu kandappol, beneventam, kaapuva rajakumaranmar salernoyile gisulf I-ll ninnu sahayam abhyarthichu, avar avare sahayikkaan vannu. joonn vadakkott pinvaangukayum terrasinayile gisfumaayi charchakalil earppedukayum cheythu. iru kakshikalum thammil oru udambadi urappikkappettu, jisalfinte edapedal illaathirunnathinte vila marpappa inii maarppaappayude paarambaryamaayi salerno avakaashappedillenn joonn sammathichu.
pithaav anaayaasamaayi cheythathupole shaktharaaya roman prabhukkanmaare niyantrikkaan thanikk kazhiyunnillennu joonn taamasiyaathe kandethi. ekadesham athe samayam, italiyile berenger randaaman rajaavu maarppaappayude pradesham akramikkaan thudangi. romile rashtreeya goodaalochanakalil ninnum berenger randaamante adhikaarathil ninnum svayam samrakshikkunnathinaayi, joonn 960-ll maarppaappayude legettukale germmaniyile ottoo onnaaman raajaavinte aduthekku ayachu, munbu addehathinu patrician padavi nalkiyirunnu, addehathinte sahayam abhyarthichu. joninte kshanam sweekarichu, 961-ll oottoo italiyil praveshichu. berenger vegathil thante shakthikendrangalilekku pinvaangukayum 962 januvari 31-nuu oottoo romilek praveshikkukayum cheythu. avide addeham jonine kandumuttukayum marpappa prathirodhikkaan ellaam cheiyumennu prathijnjayedukkukayum cheythu
ekadesham 40 varsham munbu italiyile berenger onnaamante maranashesham padinjaaran rajyangalil aadyathethu joonn chakravarthiyaayi kireedamaniyukayaayirunnu. vishudha peettarinte kuzhichitta avashishtangalkk mail marpappa roman prabhukkanmaarum ottoyodu vishwasthatha pulartthumennum berenger randaamano addehathinte makan adalbertino sahayam nalkillennum prathijnjayedutthu. pathinonnu divasathinu sesham, marpappa chakravarty "diploma ottoniyaanam" amgeekarichu, athinte keezhil thekk napples, kaapuva muthal vadakku laa specia, venis vare vyaapichirunna marpappa samsthaanangalude swaathanthryathinu chakravarty urappu nalki. ekadesham 100 varsham munbu carolingian saamraajyathinte thakarchaykku sheshamulla atharam samrakshanathinte aadya phalapradamaaya urappaayirunnu ithu. maarppaappayude thiranjeduppinulla swaathanthryavum addeham sthireekarichu, ennaal maarppaappayude prathishtaykku munbu thiranjeduppil sammathikkaanulla saamraajyathva avakasham nilanirtthi, athe samayam laukika maarppaappayude adikaaram niyanthrikkunna constitushyo romanayude khandangal nilanirtthi.
palliyude karyangal.
joonn pathinaraman marpappa thante laukika reethikalkku apalapikkappettuvenkilum, appozhum addehathinu sabhayude kaaryangalil kurachu samayam chelavazhikkaan kazhinju. 956-nte thudakkathil addeham germmaniyile maarppaappayude legettaaya vilyam oof mayensinu kathezhuthi, avide thante jolie thudaraan abhyarthichu, prathyekichu "daivathinte pallikale nasippikkunnavarkkethir". padinjaaran fraansiyayilum germmaniyilum nadakkunna sambhavangalekkurichu ariyikkaan addeham vilyaminodu aavasyappettu. trierinte puthiya aarch bishop henrique palium nalkukayum nalla jeevitam nayikkaan prolsaahippikkukayum cheythukondu joonn kathezhuthi. 958-ll addeham subiaco abback thaazhepparayunna vyavasthakal paalich prathyekaavakaashangal nalkki
960-ll joonn pathinaaraamante kaikalil ninnu palium nerittu sweekarikkaan romilek poya kaantarbariyile aarch bishappayi sent danstaane niyamichathaayi joonn sthireekarichu.
962 februvari 12nuu joonn oottoo chakravartthiyude nirddeshaprakaaram romil oru syned vilichu. athil, magdeburghinte aarch bishappineyum mersburghinte bishappineyum sthaapikkaan joonn sammathichu, sallsburghile aarch bishopin trierinte aarch bishopin palium nalki, verona bishappayi niyamikkappedunnathu sthireekarichu. reamsinte aarch bishop enna nilayil thante muun sthaanam veendedukkaan shramicha vermandoisinte bishop hyoogine bahishkarikkunna prameyavum athu pasaki. athe varsham thanne paviayil nadanna mattoru sinadil joonn eee bahishkaranam veendum sthireekarichu.
hooras kinder maan parayunnathanusarichu, "joonn pathinaramanodu sabhaparamaaya kaaryangalkk valia aakarshanamundaayirunnathayi thonnunnilla".
ottoyumaayum maranavumayum samgharsham.
962 februvari 14nuu berenger randaamane konduvaraan oottoo roome vittu. thante jeevitam muzhuvan vyarthathayilum vyabhichaarathilum chelavazhicha" joonn thante laukikavum indriyaparavumaaya jeevitashaili upekshikkanamennu addeham pookunnathinumumbu nirddeshichu. joonn eee upadesham avaganikkukayum oottoo berengarine maarppaappayude avasthakalil ninnu vegathil purathaakkiyathinaal vardhichuvarunna uthkandayode nireekshikkukayum cheythu. chakravartthiyude shakthiyekkurich kooduthal bhayapetta addeham ottoikkethire oru leag roopeekarikkunnathinaayi magyaarukalilekkum baisaantain saamraajyathilekkum doothanmaare ayachu. berengaarinte makan adalbertumaayum addeham charcha nadatthi.
joninte ambaasadarmaare oottoo onnaaman pidikoodi, avante purakil enthaanu sambhavikkunnathenn kandethaan romilek oru niyogam ayachu. athinidayil joonn maarppaappayude rajasabhaye parishkarikkaan shramikkukayaanennu chakravarthikku urappu nalkaan shramicha bhaavi lioo VIII marpappa ulppede joonn swantham doothanmaare ottoyilekku ayachu. ennirunnaalum, 963-ll, jonumaayulla charchakalkkaayi adalbertine romil praveshikkaan anuvadichathaayi oottoo aduthathaayi manassilakki. berengerine phalapradamaayi paraajayappedutthukayum thadavilaakkukayum cheythathode, 963-leeii venalkkaalath oottoo romilek madangukayum athu uparodhikkukayum cheythu. oru nagaram bhinnichathaayi addeham kandethi; romile adalbertinte varavu report cheytha chakravartthiyude anuyaayikal chuvarukalkk purathulla vishudha polinte basilica kendreekarichulla romile kottakettya bhagamaaya joanispolisil svayam kuzhichu. athesamayam john anuyaayikalum pazhaya leonin nagaram nilanirtthi. aadyam joonn nagaratthe prathirodhikkaan thayyaaredutthu; kavachitha vasthrathil prathyakshappettappol, oottooyude sainyathe tibber nadikku kuruke oodikkaan addehathinu kazhinju. ennirunnaalum, nagaratthe samrakshikkunnath thudaraan kazhiyillennu addeham udan thanne theerumaanichu, athinaal maarppaappayude treasury koode kondupoyi, adhehavum adalbert tiberilekku palayanam cheythu.
pinneedu ottoo njaan oru kaunsiline vilippichu, athu joonn svayam hajarakanamennum niravadhi kuttakrithyangalil ninnu svayam prathirodhikkanamennum aavasyappettu. thanne sthaanabhrashtanaakkaan shramicha aareyum bahishkarikkumennu joonn bheeshanippedutthi. eee samayat campania parvathanirakalil vettayaadaan poya joonn pathinaaraamane chakravarty kaunsilum sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayum lioo VIII marpappa addehathinu pakaram thiranjedukkukayum cheythu.
jonine pinthunachu oru kalapam nadathaanulla sramam ottoo onnaaman nagaram vidunnathinu munbuthanne romile nivaasikal nadathiyenkilum valia jeevan nashtappettu. ennirunnaalum, chakravarty poyathinushesham, joonn pathinaraman suhruthukkaludeyum nilanirthalkkaarudeyum oru valia koottatthinte thalavanayi madangi, lioo VIII surakshaykkaayi chakravartthiyude aduthekku palayanam cheyyaan kaaranamaayi. 964 februvariyil romil praveshicha joonn oru sinadine vilikkaan thudangi, athu addehathinte mozhi nishedaathmakamallennu prakhyaapichu. thante chila shathrukkale vikruthamaakkiya sesham addeham veendum romile phalapradamaaya bharanadhikaariyaayi. speyarinte bishappaya ootgarine chakravartthiyude aduthekku ayachu, addeham ottoikkoppam enthengilum thaamasasthalathekku varaan shramichu, pakshe athil ninnu enthengilum sambhavikkunnathinumbu, joonn pathinaraman 964 meyy 14 nuu marichu. cremonayile ludeprand parayunnathanusarichu, rominu purathu apoplexy allengil prakopithanaaya bharthaavinte kaikalil vachu vyabhichara laingikabandham aaswadikkunnathinidayil joonn marichu.
jonine laattaranil samskarichu. taamasiyaathe benedict anchaaman marpappa addehathinte pingamiyaayi, ennaal lioo VIII addehathe vijayakaramaayi sthaanabhrashtanaakki.
paarambaryamaayi.
swabhaavavum prasasthiyum.
romile mathethara rajakumaran sabhayude athmeeya medhaviyenna nilayil joninte eratta punk addehathinte perumaattam randaamathethinekkaal aadyathethilekku chaayunnath kandu. addehathinte maarppaappayude bharanathekkurichulla avasheshikkunna rachanakalil addehathe parukkan adhaarmikanumaayi chithreekarichu, addehathinte jeevitam laattaran kottaaratthe oru veshyaalayamaayi visheshippikkukayum romile dhaarmika azhimathi pothuvaaya apamaanathinu vidheyamaakkukayum cheythu. addehathinte jeevitashaili addeham ayirunna mathethara rajakumaran anuyojyamaayirunnu, addehathinte rashtreeya sathrukkal eee aropanangal upayogichu addehathinte prashasthi karuppikkumennu mathramalla, addehathinte mozhiyude rashtreeya manangal avyakthamakkaanum upayogichu.
eee aavasyathinaayaanu vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya ottoo onnaamante pakshakkaranaaya cremonayile leudprand 963-ll romile sinadil thanikkethire chumathiya aaropanangalekkurichu oru vivaranam nalkunnathu
ennirunnaalum, mattu samakaalikarum jonine adaarmika perumaattathinu kuttappedutthi. udaaharanathinu, veronayile ratherius ezhuthi
ennirunnaalum, oduvil, joonn pathinaaraamante thudarnnulla kadutha apalapanam crimonayile ludeprand rekhappeduthiya aropanangalil ninnaan uruthirinjathu. athinaal kadutha catholica virudhanaaya luis maari decormen parayunnathanusarichu
charitrakaaranaaya ferdinand gregorius kurachukoodi anukambayullavanaayirunnu
maarppaappayude prathirodhakkaranaaya hooras maan polum sammathikkaan nirbandhithanaayi
joonn maarppaappayude ithihaasathilekkulla link.
onophrio panvinio, poppukalekkurichulla bartolomio plaattinayude pusthakatthinte puthukkiya pathippil, joonn marpappayude aitihyam joonn pathinaaraamante yajamanathiye adisthaanamaakkiyumenathiraayi soochippikkunna oru vipulamaaya kuripp cherthu "panvinius, joonn maarpaappayekkurichulla plaattinayude vivaranathile oru kurippil, joonn pathinaaraamante licensius soochippikkunnathu, thante niravadhi yajamaanathimaaril, joonn ennu vilikkappedunna oraal undaayirunnu, addeham thante poppanmaarude bharanakaalathu romil pradhana swaadheenam cheluthiyirikkaam 'joonn marpappa' yude kathaykku kaaranamaayath."