
anwar sheikh (saambathika shaasthranjan)

anwar emm. classical rashtreeya sambadvyavasthayudeyum marxian saambathikashaasthrathinu paarambaryatthil oru paakistaan american heterodox saambathika shaasthranjanaanu sheikh (jananam 1945).
1972 muthal padippikkunna newyork nagaratthile nyoo school phoor soshyal researchil soshyal aandu polittikkal sayans biruda faakkalttiyil saambathikashaasthra professoraanu addeham.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1945ll karachiyilaanu sheikh janichathu. cheruppatthil thanne addeham vipulamaaya yathrakal nadathiyirunnu. 
skoolukalil padikkukayum washingtonile ankaarayil vividha kaalangal thaamasikkukayum cheythu.sii.newyork sitti, lagos, kuwala lumpur, kuvaitt.
1961ll newyork nagaratthile stuvsant haiskoolil ninnu birudam nediya addeham bii. eiii birudam nedi.ezz.1965ll prinsettan sarvakalashaalayil ninnu, kuvaittil rund varsham jolie cheythu, thudarnnu columbia sarvakalashaalayil padikkaan amerikkayilekku madangi, avide ninnu addeham phd nedi.dii. 1973ll saambathikashaasthrathil. 1972ll addeham puthiya school phoor soshyal researchinte biruda faakkalttiyil saambathikashaasthra vibhaagathil chernnu.
addeham kuvaitt nagaratthile kuvaitt-american schoolil ganitham, bhauthikashaasthram, saamoohika shaasthram enniva padippikkukayum biruda schoolil padikkumbol newyorkkile harlemile harlem preeppil saamoohika shaasthrathinteyum ganithashaasthrathinteyum adhyapakanaayi pravartthikkukayum cheythu.
amerikkayile pouraavakaasha prasthaanavum feminist prasthaanavum videshathulla deseeya vimochana prasthaanangalum ulppede puthiya idathupakshathil ninnaan addehathinte pradhana rashtreeya swaadheenangal udaleduthathu. addeham ellaayppozhum neoclassical saambathikashaasthram aprasakthamaanennu kandethi, kooduthal uracha aditharakalkkaayulla anweshanam addehathe joonn mainard cains, rooy harod, vassily leontiff, maikkal kaleki, joonn robinson, piero srapha, luigi paasinetti, thudarnnu aadam smith, david ricardo, kaal marks ennivarude kruthikalilekku nayichu. vikasita muthalaalithatthinte aadhunika rashtreeya sambadvyavasthaykkulla anweshanam addehathinte thudarnnulla kruthikalude kendra vishayamaayi maari.
academic currier.
puthiya idathupaksha saamoohika prasthaanangalude pashchaathalatthil uthbhavicha adhyapanavum gaveshanavum thudarnnukondu, sheikhinte rashtreeya sambadvyavastha navashaasthreeya saambathikashaasthrathil ninnu swathanthramaaya malsara sidhaanthathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla chalana niyamangalilum vyaavasaayika muthalaalithatthinte anubhavaparamaya paattenukalilum shradha kendreekarichu.
moolyathinte thozhil sidhaantham, ulppaadana pravartthanangal, anthaaraashtra vyapaaram, navaliberalism, shemaraashtram, saambathika valarcha, panapperuppam, laabhathinte nirakk kurayal, deerghakaala tharamgangal, lokathalathile asamathvam, bhoothakaalavum nilavilullathumaaya aagola saambathika prathisandhikal ennivayekkurichu addeham prathyeka mekhalakalil ezhuthiyittundu.
2016ll sheikh "muthalaalitham malsaram, samgharsham, prathisandhi" enna pusthakam prasidheekarichu.
thikanja malsarathekkurichulla vimarsanam.
vikasita muthalaalithatthinte vishakalanathin neoclassical saambathikashaasthramo vipareeta saambathikashaasthrathinthi valia bhaagamo mathiyaya adithara nalkunnillennu sheikh vividha prasidheekaranangalil vaadichittundu. aadyathethu athil pankedukkunna ellaavarudeyum thalpparyangal mikachathum kaaryakshamavumaayi niravettumennu avakaashappedunna oru thikanja muthalaalithatthinte kaazhchappaadine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
eee kaazhchappaadinte hridayabhaagathu thikanja malsaratthinte sidhaanthamundu. bhinnasampradaaya saambathikashaasthrathinte bhooribhaagavum apoornnamaaya malsara sidhaanthathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.iii., thikanja malsarathil ninnu purappedunnathil. ennaal apoornnamaaya malsara sidhaantham aantharikamaayi thikanja malsara sidhaanthathe aasrayichirikkunnu. sraafayude classic kruthikaliloode punarujjeevippikkappedu navaa-ricardian saambathikashaasthram polum thikanja malsarathekkurichum nediyedukkukayum kaivarikkukayum cheiyunna oru samsthaanamenna nilayil santhulithaavasthayekkurichum neoclassical aashayangale valareyadhikam aashrayikkunnuvenn sheikh vaadikkunnu.
eee aashayangalkk pakaram, yadhaartha malsara sidhaanthavum prakshubdhamaaya niyanthrana sidhaanthavum sheikh nirddeshikkunnu. yadhaartha malsaram yudhamenna nilayil malsaramaanu, vyakthigatha sthaapanangal chelavu kuraykkukayum vila kuraykkukayum cheythukondu parasparam durbalappedutthaan shramikkunnu. yadhaartha saambathika variableukal (vila, vethanam, laabhanirakk enniva polullava) avayude ekkaalavum neengunna guruthwaakarshana kendrangalkku chuttum sthiramaayi overshooting, undershooting ennivayude falamaayundaakunna prakriyayaan prakshubdhamaaya niyanthranam.
vyaavasaayika, saambathika, anthaaraashtra malsarangalude ithara sidhaanthangal vikasippikkaan sheikh eee chattakkood upayogichu (randaamathethu thaarathamyachelavinte staanderd sidhaantham nirasikkunnu). ellah kesukalilum pradhana ghadakam nikshepathinte vividha mekhalakalile laabhanirakkinte prakshubdhamaaya samanilayaan. vikasita raajyangalile vyaavasaayika vilakal, laabhanirakkukal, ohari vipani vilakal, vinimaya nirakkukal ennivayude yadhaartha paattenukal vishadeekarikkaan addeham thante saidhaanthika gadanakal upayogikkunnu.
laabhanirakkinte sidhaantham.
sheikhinte kruthiyude randaam bhagam macrodynamicsumaayi bandhappettathaan. orikkalkkoodi, laabhanirakkaan pradhana variable. muthalaalitha valarcha nayikkunnath laabhakshamathayiloodeyallennum neoclassical sidhaanthathilennapole poornna thozhilinte aavashyakathakaliloodeyo keeneeshyan sidhaanthathilennapole exogenous demand vazhiyo harodian sidhaanthathilennapole savings rettu vazhiyo allennum addeham vaadikkunnu.
laabhathinte nirakk kurayuka enna marxian ashayathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla deerghatharamgangaludeyum prathisandhikaludeyum oru sidhaantham vikasippikkaan addeham thante muun kruthiyil eee ashayam upayogichu. pinneedu, valarchayum labhanirakkum thammilulla bandhathinu panapperuppatthinte oru ithara sidhaantham nalkaanum kazhiyumennu addeham kaanichu, ithu yudhaananthara kaalaghattatthil americaykku valare nannayi pravarthikkunnuvennu addeham kaanichu.
sameepakaalathe kruthikalil, addeham aupachaarikamaaya laabhathil adhishtithamaaya oru valarchaa maathruka vikasippikkukayum athinte ghadanayeyum nayaparamaaya prathyaaghaathangaleyum mattu paarambaryangalile staanderd modalukalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum cheythu.
laabhathinte anubhavaparamaya alavukal.
addehathinte kruthiyude moonnaamathe bhagam saidhaanthika vibhaagangalum anubhavaparamaya nadapadikalum thammilulla bandhamaan. 1994 ll ahmet tonakumaayi sahakarichu rachicha addehathinte "raashtrangalude sambathu alakkunnu deseeya akkoundukalude rashtreeya sambadvyavastha" enna pusthakam neoclassical, keyneeshyan ashayangalkkum classical, marxian ashayangalkkum anuyojyamaaya deseeya akkoundukalkkidayil oru mapping vikasippichu. ithu ippol eee vishayathekkurichulla oru classic reference aanu.
aduthide, pazhayathum puthiyathumaaya nikshepangal ulppedunna ellah mooladhanathinteyum sharashari labha nirakkum puthiya nikshepathinte maathram varumaana nirakkum thammil verthirichariyunnathu nirnaayakamaanennu addeham vaadichu. ithu randaamathethu maathramaan, addeham vaadikkunnu, ithu mooladhanathinte badal upayogangalkkidayil prakshubdhamaayi thulyamaanu. laabhathinte vardhichuvarunna nirakkiloode puthiya nikshepathinte varumaanathinte nirakk kanakkakkaan kazhiyumennu addeham theliyichu.
ithu upayogichu, roobert shillarinte "yukthirahithamaya ullasa" avakaashavaadathinu vipareethamaayi, ohari vipaniyile varumaana nirakk korpparettu mekhalayile vardhichuvarunna varumaana nirakkine chuttippattiyaan yadhaarthathil oonnal nalkunnathennu addeham theliyichu. amerikkaykkakathum mattu raajyangaliludaneelamulla ulppaadana mekhalakalilum ithe prakshubdhamaaya thulyatha nilanilkkunnuvennu addeham sameepakaala kruthikalil kaanikkunnu.
production function vimarsanam.
addehathinte aadyakaala kruthiyaaya "ulppaadana niyamangalum beejaganita niyamangalum humbug ulppaadana pravartthanavum" (1974) muthalulla neoclassical aggregate production function athumaayi bandhapetta varumaana vitharanathinte naamamaatra ulppaadana sidhaanthatheyum kurichulla vimarsanamaanu addehathinte kruthiyude avasana bhagam. saankethika maattatthinte alaveduppinekkurichulla roobert soloyude prashasthamaaya lekhanathekkurichulla oru kadutha vimarshanamaayirunnu ithu, saiman aandu levi (1963) cross-sekshan ulppaadana pravarthanangalekkurichu samanamaaya vimarshanathe thudarnnu.
ulppaadana pravartthanangal, saidhaanthikamaayi mikachathallengilum, anubhavaparamayi nannayi pinthunaykkunnu enna ashayathe cherukkaan, plott cheyyumbol "humbug" ennu ucharikkunna oru koottam dattaa pooyintukalil sheikh oru function gadippichu, thudarnnu phalam sariyaaya ulppaadana pravartthanamaanennu kaanichu.
nirmmaana pravarthanangalekkurichu saiman-sheikh vimarsanam etteduthathu jeey. yeshu felippaanu. ezz. ell. varshangalayi lekhanangalude oru parambarayil mccomby mattullavarum. eee reethiyil sheikhinte kooduthal lekhanangal 1980,1986,2005 varshangalil prasidheekarikkappettu, avasaanatheth felip, mccomby, franklin emm ennivarude sambhavanakal ulppedunna vishayathinayi samarppichirikkunna oru prathyeka jenal lakkathilaayirunnu. mathsyathozhilaali. sheikhinte phalatthinte praadhaanyam prakadippichukondu jeey. iii. [i] saambathikashaasthra lokath enthengilum neethi undaayirunnengil", sheikhinu humbug nirmmaana chadanginulla nobel smaaraka sammanam labhikkanamaayirunnu ennu rajaavu abhiprayappettu.
"muthalaalitham malsaram, samgharsham, prathisandhikal".
shaasthreeya anumanangalil ninnu saidhaanthikavum anubhavaparavumaya phalangal nedunnathiloode shaasthreeya rashtreeya sambadvyavasthaye punarujjeevippikkaan sramikkunna oru biruda thala paatapusthakamaanu sheikhinte 2016 leeii pusthakam "capitalism kompatteeshan, konflikt, crisis". mukhyadharaa neoclassical saambathikashaasthratheyum poost-keeneeshyan badalukaleyum vimarshikkumbol, ithu addehathinte munkaala pravartthanangalude bhooribhaagavum micro, macro economicsinte samagra sidhaanthamaayi samanvayippikkunnu.