thirascheenamaaya tharamgam

bhauthikashaasthrathil, thirashcheena tharamgam ennathu tharamgatthinte munnettatthinte dishaykku lambamaya oru tharamgamaanu. ithu athinte aandolanangalude dishayilekku sanjarikkunna oru rekhamsha tharamgathinu virudhamaanu. jalatharamgangal thirashcheenatharamgathinte oru udaaharanamaanu.
oru attathu nankooramidukayum maruvashathu mukalilekkum thaazhekkum neekkukayum cheythukondu charadinte thirashcheena neelatthil srishtikkaan kazhiyunna tharamgangal oru lalithamaaya udaaharanam nalkunnu. mattoru udaaharanam oru drumminte membranil srishtikkappedunna tharamgangalaanu. membran plaininu samantharamaaya dishakalilaanu tharamgangal vyaapikkunnath, ennaal membranile oro pooyintum aaa plaininu lambamaayi mukalilekkum thaazhekkum sthaanabhrashtamaakunnu. oru thirashcheena tharamgatthinte mattoru udaaharanamaanu prakasham, avide aandolanangal vaidyutha, kanthika mandalangalaanu, avaa vyaapanathinte disha vivarikkunna anuyojyamaaya prakaashakiranangalilekk samakonukalil viral choondunnu. 
sheeyar stress kaaranam ilaastik solidukalil saadhaaranayaayi transwers tharamgangal sambhavikkunnu; eee saahacharyathil aandolanangal kharakanagal avayude shaanthamaaya sthaanathu ninnu akale, tharamgatthinte vyaapanathin lambamaya dishakalil sthaanabhramsham varuthunnu. eee sthaanachalanangal vasthuvinte praadeshika shear vaikalyavumayi poruthappedunnu. athinaal eee prakrithiyude oru thirashcheena tharamgathe shear tharamgam ennu vilikkunnu. vishramikkumbol draavakangalkku shear fozhsukale prathirodhikkaan kazhiyaathathinal, draavakangalude bhooribhaagathinakathum thirashcheena tharamgangalude vyaapanam saadhyamalla. bhookambashaasthrathil, shear tharamgangale dvitheeya tharamgangal allengil ezz-tharamgangal ennum vilikkunnu.
thirashcheena tharamgangal tharamgatthinte dishayil aandolanangal sambhavikkunna rekhamsha tharamgangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthunnu. oru rekhamsha tharamgatthinte saadhaarana udaaharanam vaathakangal, draavakangal allengil kharavasthukkal ennivayile oru shabda tharamgam allengil "mardha tharamgam" aanu, avayude aandolanangal tharamgam vyaapikkunna vasthuvinte compression vipuleekaranavum undaakkunnu. marddatharamgangale geophysicsil "primery vevukal" allengil "pii-vevukal" ennu vilikkunnu.
ganithashaasthra roopeekaranam.
ganithashaasthraparamaayi, ettavum lalithamaaya tharam thirashcheena tharamgam oru thalam rekheeya dhruveekritha sinusoidal tharamgamaanu. "ivide "thalam" ennaal prachaaranatthinte disha maattamillaathathum muzhuvan maadhyamathilum orupoleyumaanu; "leanierly polarised" ennaal sthaanachalanathinte dishayum maattamillaathathum muzhuvan maadhyamathilum orupoleyumaanu; sthaanachalanathinte vyaapthi samayathinteyum prachaaranatthinte dishayilulla sthaanathinteyum maathram oru sinusoidal functionaanu.
atharam oru tharamgatthinte chalanam ganithashaasthraparamaayi inipparayunna reethiyil prakadippikkaam. d" ennathu prachaaranatthinte dishayaayirikkatte (yoonit neelamulla oru vekttar), koodaathe maadhyamathile eathenkilum reference pooyint "o" aakatte. yuu" ennathu aandolanangalude dishayaayirikkatte ("dii" nuu lambamaayi mattoru yoonit-dairkhya vekttar). maadhyamathinte eathu binduvilum oru kanikayude sthaanachalanavum eathu samayathum "t" (secondukal) aayirikkum
soothravaakyam _ 1
a" ennathu tharamgatthinte amplitude allengil shakti, "t" ennathu athinte kaalayalav, "v" ennathu prachaaranatthinte vegatha, "φ" ennathu "o" ennathinte ghattam. eee paaraameettarukalellam yadhaartha samkhyakalaanu. " "" "enna chihnam rund vektarukalude aantharika uthppannathe soochippikkunnu.
eee samavaakyathiloode, tharamgam "d" dishayilekku sanjarikkukayum "u" dishayiloode angotum ingottum aandolanangal sambhavikkukayum cheiyunnu. yuu" enna dishayil tharamgam rekheeyamaayi dhruveekarikkappettathayi parayappedunnu.
oru nischitha pooyint "p" nokkunna oru nireekshakan, oro ardhathilum paramavadhi kanika sthaanachalanamulla "t" secondukalulla oru lalithamaaya harmonic (sinusoidal) chalanatthil kanika neengunnathu kaanum; athaayath, oro secondilum "f" = 1/"t" poornna andolana chakrangalude aavruthiyulla. oru nischitha samayat ellah kanangaludeyum oru snapshot "t" oro thalatthileyum ellah kanangalkkum "d" nuu lambamaayi ore sthaanachalanamaanu kaanikkunnath, thudarchayaaya thalangalile sthaanachalanangal oru sinusoidal paatten roopappeduthunnu, oro poornna chakravum "d" vazhi tharamgadairkhyam "λ" = "v" t "=" v "/" f "kondu vyaapikkunnu. muzhuvan paattenum "v" vegathayil "d" dishayilekku neengunnu.
sthaanachalanangal" "s" "(" "p", "t") ennathu "" p "" enna binduvileyum "" t "" enna samayathileyum vaidyutha mandalamaanennathozhike, athe samavaakyam oru samatalam rekheeya dhruveekritha sinusoidal prakaashatharamgatthe vivarikkunnu ". (kaanthikakshethrathe ore samavakyathaal vivarikkum, pakshe "d", "u" ennivaykku lambamaya "sthaanachalana" dishayilum vyathyastha amplitudilum.)
superposition thathwam.
oru ekeekritha rekheeya maadhyamathil, sankeernamaaya aandolanangale (oru vasthuvilo prakaashapravaahathilo ulla vibrationukal) thirashcheenamo rekhaamshamo aaya niravadhi lalithamaaya sinusoidal tharamgangalude superposition ennu visheshippikkaam.
udaaharanathinu, oru vayalin stringinte vibrationukal, stringine mukalilekko thaazhekko idathuninnu valathotto sthaanabhrashtamaakkunna vyathyastha aavruthikalude niravadhi thirashcheena tharamgangalude aakethukayaan. oru kulatthile tharamgangale orumichu vyaapikkunna thirashcheena, rekhamsha tharamgangalude (guruthwaakarshana tharamgangal) samyojanamaayi vishakalanam cheyyaam.
vrithaakrithiyilulla dhruveekaranam.
meediyam leanier aanenkil ore yatra dishayil onniladhikam swatantra sthaanachalana dishakal anuvadikkunnundenkil, namukk dhruveekaranatthinte rund paraspara lamba dishakal thiranjedukkaam, koodaathe aaa rund tharamgangaludeyum leanier kombineshanaayi (mixing) mattethenkilum dishayil leanier dhruveekarikkapetta eathu tharamgavum prakadippikkaam.
ore aavruthi, vegatha, yaathrayude disha enniva upayogichu rund tharamgangale samyojippikkunnathiloode, ennaal vyathyastha ghattangalum swatantra sthaanachalana dishakalum upayogichu, oraalkk vrithaakruthiyilullatho deerghavrithaakrithiyilullatho aaya dhruveekritha tharamgam labikkum. atharamoru tharamgathil kanikakal angotum ingottum neengunnathinupakaram vrithaakruthiyilullatho deerghavrithaakrithiyilullatho aaya sanjaarapathangale vivarikkunnu.
mukalil soochippicha oru irukiya charadukondu chinta pareekshanam veendum parisodhikkaan ithu sahaayichekkam. ningalude kaii mukalilekkum thaazhekkum maattathe valathottum idathottum neekkiyukondu ningalkk stringle tharamgangal vikshepikkaanum kazhiyumennu shradhikkuka. ithu oru pradhana poyintaanu. tharamgangalkk neengaan kazhiyunna rund swatantra (oorthoogoonal) dishakalundu. (ithu sariyaaya konukalil eathenkilum rund dishakalkku baadhakamaan, mukalilekkum thaazhekkum valathekkum idathekkum vyakthathaykkayi thiranjedukkunnu.) ningalude kaii nerrekhayil chalippichu vikshepikkunna eathoru tharamgavum rekheeya dhruveekritha tharamgangalaanu. 
ennaal ippol ningalude kaii oru vrithathil chalippikkunnathinekkur sangalppikkuka. ningalude chalanam charadil oru sarppila tharamgam vikshepikkum. ningal ningalude kaii oresamayam mukalilekkum thaazhekkum vashangalilekkum neekkunnu. mukalilekkum thaazhekkumulla chalanatthinte paramavadhi alavil ninnu naalilonn tharamgadairkhyam (allengil vrithathinu chuttumulla oru vazhiyude naalilonn, athaayath 90 digri allengil π/2 radians) sambhavikkunnu. stringle eathu ghattathilum, stringinte sthaanachalanavum ningalude kaiyude athe vrithathe vivarikkum, pakshe tharamgatthinte vyaapana vegatha kaaranam kaalathamasam sambhavikkum. ningalude kaii gadikaaradishayil allengil ethir gadikaaradishayil neekkaan ningalkk thiranjedukkaamennum shradhikkuka. eee ithara vrithaakrithiyilulla chalanagal valath, idathu vrithaakrithiyilulla dhruveekritha tharamgangal srishtikkunnu. 
ningalude vritham apoornnamaayirikkunna paridhi vare, oru saadhaarana chalanam oru deerghavrithathe vivarikkukayum deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla dhruveekritha tharamgangal srishtikkukayum cheyyum. vikendrathayude angeyattam ningalude deerghavritham oru nerrekhayaayi maarukayum deerghavrithathinte pradhana akshatthil rekheeya dhruveekaranam srishtikkukayum cheyyum. oru deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla chalanathe ellaayppozhum asamamaya aamplityoodinteyum 90 digri outtu oof facinteyum rund oorthoogoonal leanier chalanangalayi vighadippikkaan kazhiyum, vrithaakrithiyilulla dhruveekaranam rund leanier chalanangalkkum ore amplitude ulla prathyeka kesaanu.
stringle oru thirashcheena tharamgatthile shakti.
oru thirashcheena tharamgatthile oru pinda moolakatthinte gathikorjjam nalkunnathu
soothravaakyam _ 2
oru tharamgadairkhyathil, gathikorjjam
soothravaakyam _ 3
hook niyamam upayogichu pinda moolakathile pottensial oorjjam
formula _ 4
oru tharamgadairkhyathinulla pottensial oorjjavum
soothravaakyam _ 5
athinaal, oru tharamgadairkhya soothravaakyathile motham oorjjam _ 6
athinaal sharashari shakti formula _ 7 aanu.

