
janapriya samskaarathil thaddesheeya amerikkakkar

janapriya samskaarathil american thaddesheeyarude chithreekaranam prakrithiyumaayi yojichu jeevikkunna kuleenanaaya kaattumrigangalodulla aakarshanathinum parambaraagatha paashchaathya vibhaagathile anachaaramulla chuvanna indiakkaarante steeriodaippinum idayil oonnal nalkiyittundu. thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarude pothuvaaya thithreekaranavum europian kolanikkarumaayulla avarude bandhavum kaalakramena maari. innu thaddesheeya amerikkakkar avarude saamskaarika vishwaasangalum parambaraagatha aachaarangalum nilanirthunna poornnamaayum aadhunika janathayaan.
charithram.
1851-ll chaals dickens thante prathivaara maasikayil chithrakaaranaaya jorjju kaatlinte shhow oof american indians englandu sandarshichappol "gaarhika vaakkukal" enna peril oru parihasyamaaya avalokanam ezhuthi. kuleenanaaya cruren" enna thalakkettilulla thante lekhanathil, indiakkaarodum avarude jeevithareethiyodum vikaaram prakadippicha dickens, avar "nilanilppil ninnu nagarikatha praapikkanam" ennu shupaarsha cheythu. (dickensinte lekhanam soochippikkunnathu dryden eee padam upayogichathaanu, allathe roosovinalla.) kaatlineppole, "kuleenanaaya kaattupoortthiye" ennu vilikkappedunnavare vazhithettikkukayum uyarthukayum cheytha perillaattha vyakthikalodulla dickensinte avahelanathinu athirukalilla. vaasthavathil, indiakkaar vrithikettavarum crurer nirantharam parasparam pooraadunnavarumaayirunnu. kaatlineyum addehatheppolulla mattullavareyum kurichulla dickensinte aakshepahasyam american indiakkaarilo aafrikkan bushmenilo prashamsikkan enthengilum kandethiyekkaam, eee padaprayogatthinte charithratthile sradheyamaaya oru vazhithirivaan.
kizhakkan europian uthppaadippikkunna paashchaathyar communist kizhakkan europian rajyangalil janapriyamaayirunnu, koodaathe joseph staalinte prathyeka priyappettavayaayirunnu. "redu vestten" allengil "oostten" sinimakal saadhaaranayaayi american indiakkaare anukambayode chithreekarikkunnu, adichamarthappetta aalukal avarude avakaashangalkkaayi pooraadunnu, akkaalathe american paashchaathyarkk vipareethamaayi, indiakkaare palappozhum villanmaraayi chithreekarikkunnu.
prakrithiyumaayi yojichu jeevikkunna thaddesheeya amerikkakkar enna ashayam 1960-kalil hippy upasamskaaram ettedukkukayum paristhithi prasthaanatthinte roopeekarana ghattathil oru prathyeka punk vahikkukayum cheythu. mazhavillu yodhaakkalude ithihaasam ennu vilikkappedunna, paaristhithika pravartthanam pravachikkunna oru hoppy pravachanam, janapriyamaayi, mikka vakthaakkalum katha asathyamaanennu ariyaathe, oru suvisheshaka kristhyan laghulekhayude bhaagamaayi ezhuthukayum parambaraagatha thaddesheeya mathangale nasippikkaanulla shramavum nadatthi.
american saamskaarika mukhyadhaarayil, thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarude nishedhaathmaka chithreekaranam 1980kalil vamsheeyamaayi kaanapettu, ithu "chennaaykkalumaayulla nritham" (1990) polulla "kuleenamaaya krooratha" kku oonnal nalkunna paashchaathya sinimakalude nirmmaanatthil prathifalikkunnu.
comics.
mike rooy srishticha thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarekkurichu comic strippaya akwas, dissy komiksinaayi srishticha indian superheroyaya suuppar-cheef enniva comic pusthakangalileyum comic strippukalileyum thaddesheeya american kathapaathrangalil ulppedunnu. 1990kalil, dissy comics superheiro hockmane (cutter hole) oru tanagarian purushanteyum navomi carter enna thaddesheeya american sthreeyudeyum makanayi chithreekarichu.
thunderbird (joonn proudstaar), warpath, shaman, tallisman, forge, danielle moonstaar, ekko ennivayulppede niravadhi thaddesheeya american superherokal marvel comixilundu.
tex willer avatharippikkunna itaaliyan comic pusthakangalil thaddesheeya amerikkakkaare avarude pilottayil avatharippikkunnu, aadya kathayil ninnu abhinayichirikkunnu, "ill tottem mysterioso" ().
irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathile europian comics saadhaaranayaayi indiakkaare mandan haasya kathaapaathrangalaayi parihasichirunnu. cheria plum, umpa-paa, valia pradhana theekshnamaaya annukalulla moll enniva udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu.
samgeetham.
noottaandinte thudakkam muthal, stereotypical "veerochitha indian dhirarum" avarude "arppanabodhamulla skvokalum" thaddesheeyarallaathavarude janapriya gaanangalude vishayamaan. bob vilsinte "redu wing", "cheroki maddin" enniva aadyakaala udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. eee steeriyodaippukallu mattu gaanangalil bigg bopparinte "running bear", shaadosinte "appaache", sweettinte "wig vaam baam" enniva ulppedunnu.
ithinu vipareethamaayi, thaddesheeya american, phastt nations kalakaaranmaar avarude janangal, poorvvikar, anubavangal ennivayekkurichu avarude swantham ganangal purathirakkiyittundu. buffy sent maariyude "soljiyar blue", redboninte "vovoka", floyd redu crow westermaante "land ees yuvar mother", adisthaanaparamaayi frank vaalnte "oayil 4 blud" enniva ithil ulppedunnu. 
1980kall muthal, thaddesheeyarallaatha samgeethajnjarude ganangal vellakkaar cheytha aneethikale apalapikkunnathinaayi thaddesheeya amerikkakkar ezhuthiya saahithyathe aakarshichu. ayann medinte "rann tuu dhaa hills", naitvish enna peril "creak merris blud" enniva udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu, athil thaddesheeya american samgeethajnjanaaya joonn tuu-hoxinte shabdavum ulppedunnu.
sinima.
north vestt pasej" (1940) polulla sinimakalil, palappozhum neethibodhamillaatha vellakkaarude prachodanatthil, thaddesheeya amerikkakkar velutha kudiyettakkaare akramikkunna villanmaaraan. ennaal kooduthal anukambayulla chithram nalkunna niravadhi hollywood sinimakalundu. joonn foord vesttensil bhooribhaagavum american indiakkaarodu bahumanam prakadippikkunnu, avar "brekkan aaroo" (1950), "dance vithu woolves" (1990) thudangiya pradhana chithrangalile naayakanmaaraan. orupakshe american janapriya maadhyamangalile ettavum prashasthamaaya "indian" aanu tonto enna eaka rencharude side kick, ettavum prashasthamaayi chithreekarichirikkunnathu thaddesheeya american nadan jayy sylverheals aanu.
saahityam.
1820-num 1830-num idayil american saahitya prameyangalil thaddesheeya amerikkakkar oru pradhana punk vahichu. eee kaalaghattatthil, vellakkaraaya amerikkakkar anumaanikkunna oru american desheeyathayude udan vamshanasham sambhavicha thudakkakkaraayi vella ezhuthukaar avare palappozhum chithreekarichu. boosttan tea partyile chuvanna purushanmaarudeyo swaathanthryathinte puthranmaarudeyo saahodarya kramatthil pole vellakkaraaya amerikkakkaarkk britteeshukaaril ninnu svayam verthirichariyaan kazhiyunna onnaayi thaddesheeya swathuam palappozhum avatharippikkappettu. indian veruppukaaran" ennu pandithanmaar vilikkunna mattu kruthikal vamshahathyakramanam sambandhicha vella athirthi kudiyettakkaare mahathwavalkkarikkukayum akkaalathe indian neekkam cheyyal nayathinu saahityaparamaaya nyaayeekaranam nalkukayum cheythu. eee kaalaghattatthile joonn neelineppolulla chila vella ezhuthukaar eee pravanathakale velluvilichu. addehathinte "logan" (1822) enna noval vellakkarum thaddesheeyaraaya amerikkakkarum thammilulla vamseeya athirthikale velluvilichu. addehathinte cherukathayaaya "david witcher" (1832) indian neekkam cheyyal niyamathodum (1830) american aikyanaadukalil samadhaanaparamaaya bahujaatheeya sahavarthithvam paryavekshanam cheythukondu athine pinthunacha janapriya saahityathodum prathikarichu.
saiman spooriyarinte novalaaya "dhaa kuld" (2006, aathyanthika vivaranangalude pusthakam 1) enna chithratthile nayakanaaya rick, houdenosouni janathayil pettayaalum prathisandhikaliloode sanchi nayikkappedunnavanumaanu. hiyawata enna mattoru kathaapaathram rikkinte jeevan rakshikkukayum rick hiyavata yojichathaayi tadodaho upadeshikkukayum cheiyunnu.
hau tuu raitt dhaa grettu american indian noval" enna sherman alexiyude kavithayiludaneelam addeham prasthaavikkunnath ellah indiakkaarkkum daarunamaaya mookkum kannum kaikalum undaayirikkanam ennaanu. daarunamaaya bhakshanathinaayi athumbol avarude kaikalum viralukalum daarunamaayirikkanam. avarude daarunamaaya charitravumaayi saamyamullathinaal pradeshavaasikale daarunamaaya savisheshathakalode chithreekarikkunnu. "naayakan oru kuthira samskaarathil ninnulla oru pakuthi inam, pakuthi vellakkaranum pakuthi indiakkaaranum aayirikkanam. palappozhum ayaal ottaykku karayanam. athu nirbandhamaanu ". purushanmaare sakthamaaya yodhaakkalaayi chithreekarichirikkunnu. janapriya samskaarathil purushanmaar palappozhum shirovastram dharikkunnavaraayi chithreekarikkappedunnu. "naayakan oru indian sthreeyaanengil, aval sundariyaanu. aval melinjavalum oru vellakkaaranumaayi pranayathilumaayirikkanam ". janapriya samskaarathil sthreekale laingika roopathil chithreekarikkunnu. sthreekal sakthiye chithreekarikkaathavaraayi chithreekarichirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, thaddesheeya american sthreekal valare shaktharaan. avar sarasafalangal edukkukayum kuttikale paripalikkukayum cheythu.
indian jeevithathinte rasakaramaaya vasham indian kaaryangalile vidagdhar paraamarshichittilla ennathu indian janataye eppozhum niraashappeduthunnu" ennu addeham wine deloriayude kathayaaya "indian humour" ll parayunnu. thaddesheeya amerikkakkar ellaayppozhum gauravamullavarum yodhaakkalumaayi kaanapedunnu. ennirunnaalum, thaddesheeya amerikkakkar thamaashakkaaraan, mikka aalukalum chinthikkunnathil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaaya vashamund. thaddesheeya amerikkakkar gauravamullavarum yodhaakkalumaayirikkaame avarkk thamashayum aashvaasavum nalkaanum kazhiyum. thaddesheeya amerikkakkar yadhaarthathil avarude krooramaaya charithrathekkurichu thamasha parayaan narmmam upayogikkunnu. athu avarude neridaanulla maargamaan. thangalude bhoothakaalathekkurichu thamasha parayaan narmmathe anuvadikkaan avar thayyaranennathum aayirakkanakkin thaddesheeya amerikkakkaare kolappeduthiyathum avar kaattumrigangalallennu theliyikkunnu. pakaram, avar saadhaarana dainamdina aalukalaanu.
viidiyoo geyimukal.
naitt wolf enna lakota-seox yodhaavu "mortel combatt 3" (1995) enna viidiyoo geyimil arangettam kurikkukayum fraanchaisiyude aavarthichulla naayakanakukayum cheythu. thante janangalude charitrakaaranum shammon aayi pravartthikkunna aathmeeyamaayi bodhamullah churukkam chila manushyaril oraalaan addeham.
american adhinivesham" (2003) enna pusthakatthil, europpukaar amerikkayude kolanivalkkaranasamayathe vividha thaddesheeya gothrangaleyum saamrajyangaleyum chithreekarichirikkunnu.
redu dedd revolver" (2004) enna chithratthile naayakan redu harlo thante ammayude bhaagathulla pakuthi thaddesheeya amerikkakkaaranaan.
saamraajyangalude yugam III" (2005) ll, niravadhi thaddesheeya gothrangal eee geyimil avatharippikkappettu, eee gothrangalil moonnu ennam vipuleekarana paaykkil kalikkaan kazhiyunnathaayirunnu ".
gann" (2005) enna chithratthile nayakanaaya kooll vaitt, thante gothratthile bakkiyullavar koottakkola cheyyappettathinu sesham thante randaanachan nedu oru sisuvaayi datheduttha oru appaache aanennu velippedunnu.
ira" (2006) enna chithratthile nayakanaaya tommy, cheroki paithrukathinte oru mekkaanikkaan, reservation moolam jeevitam moshamaayitheerukayum thante paithrukathe verukkukayum cheiyunnu. kaliyude thudakkathil, oru baar poraattatthinu sesham, shathruthaaparamaaya anyagraha kappal kettidam uyarthukayum avanum kudumbavum thattikkondupokappeduka cheiyunnu. kalii purogamikkumbol, rakshappedaan avan pooraadanam.
sathyasandhamaya hridayangal dii. ell. sii phoor falt nyoo vegas (2010) oru poost-apocalyptic siyoon naashanal paarkkile moonnu thaddesheeya american gothrangale avatharippikkunnu, uttaha samadhaanaparamaaya dukhangalum dheeramaaya maricha kuthirakalum krooramaaya velutha kaalukalum.
redu dedd redemption" (2010) enna chithratthil, asamthriptharaaya thaddesheeya amerikkakkar kaliyude pradhana ethiraaliyaaya dutch vaan derr lindeyude neethrthwathilulla oru samghathil bhooribhaagavum roopeekarikkunnu. naastaas enna thaddesheeya amerikkakkaaran samghathe thadayaan naayakan joonn maarsttane sahayikkunnu, kaaranam thaddeshavaasikalodulla sarkkaarinte perumaattathodulla avarude athrupthi addeham pankidumbol dachukaarko thanthrangalkko vendi pooraadunnathinodu addeham yojikkunnilla. redu dedd redemption 2" enna prekwell thaddesheeya amerikkakkar mazhapeythu nayikkunna vaapiti indiakkaarude roopathilum addehathinte makan eegil flies polulla amgangal ulppedeyulla kooduthal pradhana punk vahikkunnu. koodaathe oru vaan derr linde samghaamgavum kaliyile pradhana kathaapaathravumaaya chaals smith oru ardha-thaddesheeya amerikkakkaaranaan, pinneedu dachukaareyum samghatheyum upekshicha sesham kurachukaalathekku indiakkaarodoppam cherunnu.
american viplavathinte pashchaathalatthilulla "assellins creed III" (2012) enna chithratthil, naayakan pakuthi engleesh, pakuthi mohawk thaddesheeya amerikkakkaaranaan.
grand thephtt oottoo vii" (2013) enna chithratthil naayakan franklin klintante utta suhruthu lammer davis thaan appaache vamshajanaanennu avakaashappedunnu.
2014ll delsin roow enna nayakan addehathinte sahodaran raggiyum acomish enna saangalppika thaddesheeya american gothratthile amgangalaanu.
2014ll kesegovas enna abenaki kolayali oru cheria ethiraaliyaanu, nayakanaaya shay cormack oneeda gothratthile amgangale kandumuttunnu.

