
malsyangalude kudiyettam

malsyangalude oru pradeshathu ninno jalaashayathil ninno mattoru pradeshathekku valia thothil meane maattunnathaan malsyangalude kudiyettam. pala tharatthilulla malsyangalum divasena muthal varsham thorum allengil athil kooduthal samayaparidhiyil, eathaanum meter muthal aayirakkanakkin kilometer vareyulla doorangalil pathivayi kudiyerunnu. atharam kudiyettangal saadhaaranayaayi mikacha bhakshanathino prathyulppaadanathino vendiyaanu cheiyunnathu, ennaal mattu sandarbhangalil kaaranagal vyakthamalla.
saadhaarana dainamdina pravarthanangalil undaakunnathinekkaal valuthum dairkhyameriyathumaaya alavilum kaalayalavilum malsyangalude skoolukalude chalanagal malsya kudiyettatthil ulppedunnu. praayapoorthiyaaya malsyangal kadalil vasikkukayum mulaykkaanaayi shudhajalathilekku kudiyerukayum cheiyunna "anadromous", praayapoorthiyaaya malsyangal shudhajalathil vasikkukayum mulaykkaanaayi uppuvellathilekku kudiyerukayum cheiyunna "catadromous" ennivayaanu chila prathyeka tharam kudiyettangal.
samudra mechil malsyangal palappozhum avayude muttayidal, bhakshanam, nazhsari maithaanangal ennivaykkidayil valia kudiyettam nadathunnu. samudra pravaahangalumaayum varshathile vyathyastha samayangalil vividha pradeshangalil bhakshanathinte labhyathayumaayum chalanagal bandhappettirikkunnu. malsyangalkku avarude swantham santhathikale thirichariyaan kazhiyillennathum eee reethiyil neengunnathu narabhojikale thadayunnuvennathum deshaadana chalanangale bhaagikamaayi bandhippichirikkaam. samudra niyamathekkurichulla aikyaraashtrasabhayude kanvenshan chila enangale uyarnna deshaadana inangalaayi visheshippichittundu. vividha raajyangalude prathyeka saambathika mekhalakalilekkum puratthekkum neengunna valia pelagic malsyangalaaniva, iva mattu malsyangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi udambadiyile ulppeduthiyittundu.
salmon varayulla basses ariyappedunna anadromous malsyangalaanu, shudhajala eel valia kudiyettam nadathunna catadromous malsyamaanu. bull sraavu oru urihalin inamaanu, athu shudhajalathil ninnu uppuvellathilekku ishtaanusaranam neengunnu, koodaathe pala samudra malsyangalum oru deale lamba kudiyettam nadathunnu, raathriyil bhakshanam kazhikkunnathinayi uparithalathilekku uyarukayum pakal samayat samudrathinte thaazhathe paalikalilekku mungukayum cheiyunnu. tyoona polulla chila malsyangal thaapanilayude gradiantukaletthudarnnu varshathile vyathyastha samayangalil vadakkottum thekote neengunnu. kudiyettatthinte reethikal malsyabandhana vyavasaayathin valia thaalpparyamaanu. shudhajalathil malsyangalude chalanangalum sambhavikkunnu; palappozhum malsyangal nadiyilekku neenthukayum mulaykkukayum cheiyunnu, anakkettukal nirmmikkunnath eee parambaraagatha chalanangale kooduthal thadassappeduthunnu.
vargeekaranam.
malsyajeevithathinte mattu vividha vashangaleppole, suvolajistukal malsya kudiyettatthinaayi anubhavaparamaya vargeekaranangal vikasippichittund. aadyathe rund padangal deerghakaalamaayi vyaapakamaayi upayogikkappedunnu, mattullava ettavum puthiya naanayangalaana
eee vargeekaranangal malsyathinaanu uthbhavichathenkilum thathwathil avaa eathoru jalajeevikalkkum baadhakamaan.
malsyam valarthuka.
mechil malsyangal palappozhum avayude muttayidal, bhakshanam, nazhsari maithaanangal ennivaykkidayil valia kudiyettam nadathunnu. oru prathyeka stokkinte schoolukal saadhaaranayaayi eee maithaanangalkkidayil oru trikonathilaanu sanjarikkunnathu. udaaharanathinu, oru stokku herringukalkk thekkan norwayil muttayidunna sthalavum aislaantil avayude bhakshana sthalavum vadakkan norwayil avayude nazhsari graundum undu. mechil malsyangalkku bhakshanam nalkumbol swantham santhathikale verthirichariyaan kazhiyaathathinal ithupolulla vishalamaaya trikona yathrakal pradhaanamaayirikkaam.
atlaantik, artic samudrangalil kaanapedunna manam kudumbatthile oru mechil malsyamaanu kappalin. venalkkaalath, aise shelfinte attathulla idathoornna plankton koottangalil avaa meikkunnu. valia capalin krillineyum mattu krasteshyanukaleyum bhakshikkunnu. aislaant, greenland, jaann maayan ennivaykkidayilulla plankton sambanna pradeshangalil bhakshanam nalkunnathinaayi vasanthakaalathum venalkkaalathum mulaykkaanum kudiyeraanum valia skoolukalil capalin kadaltheerathekku neengunnu. samudra pravaahangal kudiyettatthe badhikkunnu. aise landinu chuttum pakwata praapikkunna capalin vasanthakaalathum venalkkaalathum valia thothil vadakkottulla bhakshana kudiyettam nadathunnu. septambar muthal november vareyaanu madakkayaathra nadakkunnathu. disambarilo januvariyilo islandinu vadakku ninnu muttayidunna kudiyettam aarambikkunnu.
valathuvashathulla rekhaachithram pradhana muttayidunna sthalangalum larva driftt roottukalum kaanikkunnu. bhakshanasthalangalilekkulla vazhiyile kappalin pacha niratthilum madakkayaathrayile capalin neela niratthilum prajananasthalangal chuvappunirathilumaanu.
2009ll prasidheekaricha oru prabandhatthil, aislaandil ninnulla gaveshakar islandinu chuttumulla capalin stokkilekku oru parasparabandhitha kanika maathrkayude prayogam vivarikkukayum 2008leeii muttayidunna kudiyetta paatha vijayakaramaayi pravachikkukayum cheythu.
valare deshaadana enangal.
samudra niyamathekkurichulla aikyaraashtrasabhayude kanvenshante (anklos) article 64 ll ninnaan hye migratory speeshees (echms) enna padatthinte uthbhavam. kanvenshan eee padatthinu oru pravarthanaparamaaya nirvachanam nalkunnilla, ennaal oru anubandhathil (anklos annex 1) kanvenshanile kakshikal uyarnna kudiyettamaayi kanakkaakkunna enangale pattikappedutthunnu. tyoona, tyoona polulla enangal (albacor, bluefin, bigg aii tyoona, skip jacq, yellophin, blackfin, littil tunie, sathen bluefin, bullatt), vaahoo, pomphret, marlyn, salefish, waldfish, soorii, oshyangoing sraavukal, dolphinukal, mattu setteshiyans enniva pattikayil ulppedunnu.
eee uyarnna trophic thalatthilulla samudravarga jeevivarggangal bhakshanathinaayi samudrangaliludaneelam ganyamaaya ennaal vyathyasappetta doorangalude kudiyettam nadathunnu, palappozhum mechil malsyathilo prathyulpaadanatthilo, koodaathe vishalamaaya bhoomishaasthraparamaaya vitharanavumundu. athinaal, eee enangal prathyeka saambathika mekhalakalilum eee mekhalakalkku purathulla uyarnna kadalukalilum kaanapedunnu. avaa pelagic enangalaanu, athaayath avaa kooduthalum thuranna samudrathilaanu thaamasikkunnath, kadaltheerathinu sameepam thamasikkunnilla, ennirunnaalum avar avarude jeevithachakrathinte oru bhagam theeradesha jalathil chelavazhikkam.
uyarnna deshaadana enangale vyaapichukidakkunna mrugangalumaayum athirthi kadannulla mrugangalumaayum thaarathamyam cheyyaam. oru eesinakathum uyarnna kadalukalilum vyaapichukidakkunna stokku shreni. kuranjathu rund raajyangalilenkilum athirthi kadannulla stokku shreni. oru stokku athirthi kadannullathum vyaapichukidakkunnathim.
bhauthika tagging upayogichu uyarnna deshaadana enangalude janasamkhyaa ghadana nirnnayikkunnath velluviliyaakum. hraswadura pii. sii. aarr uthppannangal, microsaattalaitukal, ezz. enn. pii-arekal thudangiya parambaraagatha janithaka adayaalangal janasamkhyayude ghadana thirichariyunnathinum malsyangalude shekharathe prathyeka samudra thadangalil ninnu verthirichariyunathinum paadupettu. ennirunnaalum, yellophin tyoona, albacore, vaahoo ennivayile raadu sequencing upayogichu janasamkhyaa genomic gaveshanathinu vividha samudra thadangalil ninnu janasamkhyaye verthirichariyaan kazhiyukayum mikacha thothilulla janasamkhyaa ghadana velippeduthukayum cheythu. samanamaaya janasamkhyaa genomics reethikal varayulla maarlinile janasamkhyaa gadanayekkurichulla mechappetta ulkkazhchayum nalkiyittundu.
mattu udaaharanagal.
chinook (rajaavu), koho (velli), cham (naaya), pink (humpback), sokki (chuvapp) saalman thudangiya pasaphik saalman enangalaanu ettavum ariyappedunna anadromous malsyangalil chilath. eee saalman cherunaarangakalilaan viriyunnathu. avide ninnu avar rando aaroo varsham avide thaamasichu pakwata praapikkunnathinaayi kadalilekku kudiyerunnu. pakwata praapikkumbol, saalman mulaykkaan viriyunna athe aruvikalilekku madangunnu. nadiyude mukalilekku noorukanakkinu kilometer sanjarikkaan kazhivulla saalmanukalkk salmon marikadakkaan manushyar anakkettukalil malsya govani sthaapikkanam. zee trout, three-spind sticklebaakku, zee lampray, shaad ennivayaanu anadromous malsyangalude mattu udaaharanagal.
niravadhi pasaphik saalman (chinook, koho, steelhead) yuu. ezz grettu thadaakangalil avatharippikkappedukayum potamodromous aayi maarukayum avayude janmanattilulla jalathinu idayil poornnamaayum shudhajalathinullile bhakshana sthalangalilekku kudiyerukayum cheiyunnu.
shudhajala eel aanu sradheyamaaya catadromous kudiyettam nadathunnathu. shudhajala nadikalil ninnu sargasso kadalil mulaykkunnathilekku valia dooram kudiyerunna american eel, europian eel ennivayaanu udaaharanagal, avayude thudarnnulla larvakalkku maasangalolam, varshangalolam, avarude naadal nadikalilekkum aruvikalilekkum glass eel allengil elver aayi madangunnathinumumbu, pravahangalil ozhukaan kazhiyum.
madhya amerikkayile nikkargwa thadaakathilum aafrikkayile sambezi nadiyilum vasikkunna bull sraavaanu urihalin inathinte oru udaaharanam. eee rund aavaasavyavasthakalum shudhajalamaanu, ennittum kaala sraavukalum samudrathilekkum puratthekkum kudiyerum. prathyekichum, thadaakamaaya nikkargwa bull sraavukal atlaantik samudrathilekkum sambezi bull sraavukal indian mahaasamudrathilekkum kudiyerunnu.
deale lambamaya kudiyettam oru saadhaarana swabhaavamaanu; pala samudra jeevikalum raathriyil bhakshanam kazhikkaan uparithalathilekku neengukayum pinneedu pakal samayat aazhathilekk madangukayum cheiyunnu.
samudrathile thaapanila vyathiyaanangalethudarnn tyoona polulla niravadhi valia samudra malsyangal prathivarsham vadakkum thekkum kudiyerunnu. malsyabandhanathinu iva valare pradhaanamaan.
shudhajala (potamodromous) malsyangalude kudiyettam saadhaaranayaayi kuravaanu, saadhaaranayaayi thadaakathil ninnu aruviyilekko thiricho, muttayidal aavasyangalkkaayi. ennirunnaalum, colorado nadeethadatthile vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna colorado pickeminnoyude potamodromous kudiyettam vipulamayirikkum. radiotagging padanangalil ninnu report cheyyappedunna paramavadhi dooram 300 kilometer aayathinal naadal muttayidunna sthalangalilekkulla kudiyettam eluppathil 100 kilometer aakam. collado pickeminno kudiyettangal uyarnna thothilulla hoaming pradarshippikkukayum malsyangal vellachatta malayidukkukalil valare nirddishta muttayidunna sthalangalil athicheraan mukaliloo thaazheyo kudiyerukayum cheyyum.
chilappol malsyathinte muttakal bhakshikkunna pakshikal malsyathe chitharikkidakkaam. avaa dahananaalangalil muttakal vahikkukayum pinneedu oru puthiya sthalathu avarude malam nikshepikkukayum cheiyunnu. pakshiyude dahananaalathiloode kadannupoya malsyangalude muttakalude athijeevana nirakk kuravaanu.
charitraparamaaya chooshanam.
charitraatheetha kaalam muthal manushyar chila anadromous malsyangale shudhajala aruvikalilekkulla kudiyetta samayat chooshanam cheythittundu, avaa pidikkaan kooduthal saadhyathayullappol. mooroo kreekkinteyum mattu pasaphik theeradesha azhimukhangaludeyum anadromous malsyabandhanam chooshanam cheytha millingston chakravalavumaayi bandhapetta samoohangal ariyappedunnu. charitraatheetha kaalam muthal trucky nadiyude theerathu kudiyerunna lahondan katthrott trout nevadayil paitt gothram vilaveduthittundu. eee malsyabandhana sambradaayam innathe kaalathum yuu. eiii. iyilum thudarunnu.ezz. trekkile jalathinte gunanilavaaram urappakkunnathinaayi paristhithi samrakshana ejansi gaveshanathe pinthunachittundu, ithu lahondan katthrott trouttinte anuyojyamaaya janasamkhyaye pinthunaykkum.
mixovirus jeenukal.
salmonidukal oru anadromous jeevitashaili nayikkunnathinaal, avaa shudhajala, samudra aavaasavyavasthakalil ninnulla valia shreniyile vairasukale abhimukeekarikkunnu. vairal prathirodhasheshi vardhippikkunna jidipi-pays kudumbatthinte bhagamaanu mixovirus prathirodhasheshi (emx) proteinukal, munbu, rund parithasthithikalilum vairal prathirodhatthe sahaayikkunnathin moonnu vyathyastha emx jeenukal rainbo troutinu ("ongorhingus mikis") undennu theliyikkappettittund. 1 muthal 9 vareyulla samkhyakalulla malsyangalude enangalkkidayil emx jeenukalude ennavum emx jeenukal poornnamaayum nashtappetta gadiformukal polulla chila autlayarukalum vyathyaasappedaam. wang thudangiyavar oru patanam nadatthi. (2019) mazhavillu troutil vasikkunna kooduthal saadhyathayulla emx jeenukal thirichariyaan. aaa padanatthil emx4-9 ennu ippol perittirikkunna aarr emx jeenukal koodi kandethi. trout emx jeenukal "tissuekalil gadanaaparamaayi vyathyasthamayi prakadippikkappedunnu" ennum vikasana samayat eee padaprayogam vardhikkunnuvennum avar nigamanam cheythu. valarunna malsyangalude rogaprathirodha prathirodhatthinte thacolaanu avaye soochippikkunna emx jeane kudumbam rakthathilum kudalilum uyarnna alavil vikasikkumbol prakadippikkunnu. vairasukalkkethiraaya vikasanathil eee jeenukal oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu enna ashayam soochippikkunnathu oru anadromous jeevitashailiyil trouttinte vijayathil avaa nirnaayakamaan ennaanu.