
parwana (thalakkett)

seljuk sulthaanettu oof rumm (1077-1308) enna kottaarapadaviyaayirunnu parwana allengil parwane (, 'butterfly'). ilkhaanettil (1256-1335) ninnu ariyappedunna "parvanasi" enna thalakkettinte kaavyathmaka churukkamayirikkaam eee thalakkett. sulthaante vyakthiparamaaya sandeshangal kaimaria sandeshavaahakane ithu soochippikkunnu. sandeshavaahakan apekshikkunnathinu munbu athu sandeshangale soochippichirikkaam. avar amgangalaayirunna diwan (kaunsil) yude bisinasumaayi bandhappett parvanayude furmans purappeduvikkunnathum ekttakalude graantukal nalkunnathum srothassukal kaanikkunnu. avar chanceric neethrthwam nalkukayum "tugrahi" (sekrattari) enna padavi vahikkukayum cheythu. 
kilij arslan randaamante (1156-1192) bharanakaalathu, zāhir al-dīn ili enna danishmendid rajakumaran "parwana" enna padavi vahichu. addeham yadhaarthathil perwane ennu vilikkapetta caravancerai sthaapichirikkaam. pathimoonnaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, "parwana" yude oafees sakthamaaya onnaayitheerum. sakthanaaya muin alle-dhiin sulaiman 1256 muthal eee padavi vahikkukayum bhavithalamurayil parwana ennariyappedukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, addeham nediya svechaadhipathya sakthikal addehathinte "parwana" offeesil ninnalla vannath.

