
balance wheel

mechanical vaachukalilum cheria klokkukalilum upayogikkunna samayapalana upakaranamaan balance wheel allengil balance, ithu pendulam klokkile pendulathinu samaanamaan. balance spring allengil "hair spring" ennariyappedunna oru sarppila tortion spring vazhi athinte madhya sthaanathekku madangivarunna, angotum ingottum karangunna bharamullah chakramaanith. vaachu gear traininte karangunna chalanathe balance veelilekk athikkunna preranakalaayi parivartthanam cheiyunna escapementaanu ithu nayikkunnath. chakratthinte oro swing ("tick" allengil "beett" ennu vilikkunnu) gear trainine oru nischitha thuka munnott kondupokaan anuvadikkunnu, kaikal munnott neekkunnu. balance veelum hairspring orumichu oru harmonic oosilettar undaakkunnu, ithu anurananatthinte falamaayi oru nischitha nirakkil, athinte anurananeeya aavruthi allengil "beett" aayi mungananayode aandolanamcheyyukayum mattu nirakkukalil aandolanathe prathirodhikkukayum cheiyunnu. balance veelinte pindove springinte ilaasthikathayum samyojippikkunnath oro aandolanathinum allengil "tick" num edayilulla samayathe valare sthiramaayi nilanirthunnu, ithu mechanical vaachukalile timekeeper enna nilayil eathaandu saarvathrikamaaya upayogathinu kaaranamaakunnu. pathinalam noottaandil athinte kandupidutham muthal 1960-kalil tuning fork quarts chalanangalum labhyamaakunnathuvare, mikkavarum ellah portable timekeeping upakaranangalum eathenkilum tharatthilulla balance wheel upayogichu.
avalokanam.
1980kall vare balance veelukal chronometerukal, baank wolt time lokkukal, aayudangalkkulla time fuseukal, alaram klokkukal, adukkala timerukal, stopp vaachukal ennivayil upayogikkunna time keeping saankethikavidyayirunnu, ennaal quarts saankethikavidya eee aaplikkeshanukal etteduthu, backie pradhana upayogam gunanilavaaramulla mechanical vaachukalilaanu.
aadhunika (2007) vaachu balance veelukal saadhaaranayaayi beryllium, chembu, irumbu ennivayude kuranja taapa vipuleekarana aloy glucider upayogichaanu nirmmikkunnath, nivarox polulla ilaasthikatha aloy kuranja taapa gunakam ulla neeruravakal undu. rund aloykalum poruthappedunnathinaal avayude sheshikkunna thaapanila prathikaranangal raddaakkappedunnu, ithu kuranja thaapanila pishakin kaaranamaakunnu. vaayu gharshanam kuraykkunnathinu chakrangal minusamaarnnathaan, koodaathe pivattukal krithyathayulla jewellery bairingukalil pinthunaykkunnu. pazhaya balance veelukal samathulithaavastha krameekarikkaan riminu chuttum veytt scrookal upayogichirunnuvenkilum aadhunika chakrangal faaktariyil computer gadippichirikkunnu, avaa samathulithamaakkunnathin rimil krithyamaaya kuzhikal kathikkaan lazer upayogikkunnu. balance veelukal oro swinginoppavum ekadesham 11⁄2 teenn cheiyunnu, athaayath avayude madhya santhulithaavasthayude oro vashathum ekadesham 270°. balance veelinte nirakk regulatorumaayi krameekarikkunnu, balance spring kadannupokunna attathu idungiya slittulla oru liver. ithu cheettatthinu pinnil vasanthathinte oru bhagam nischalamaayi nilanirthunnu. liver neekkunnathu balance springile slaittine mukalilekkum thaazhekkum slide cheiyunnu, athinte phalapradamaaya neelam maattunnu, angane baalansinte anurananeeya vibration nirakk maarunnu. regulator springinte pravartthanatthil edapedunnathinaal, kronometerukalkkum chila krithyamaaya vaachukalkkum gyromax polulla regulettarukalonnumillath 'free sprung' baalansukalundu. balance rimile veytt scrookal vazhiyaan avayude nirakk krameekarikkunnath.
oru baalansinte vibration nirakk parambaraagathamaayi manikkooril beett (tick) allengil bii. echu. echu. aayi alakkunnu, ennirunnaalum secondil beett, hearts ennivayum upayogikkunnu. oru beettinte neelam balance veelinte oru swing aanu, dishayude vipareethangalkkidayil, athinaal oru poornna chakratthil rund beettukal undu. krithyamaaya vaachukalile baalansukal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu vegathayeriya beettukalodeyaanu, kaaranam kaithandayude chalanagal avaye baadikkunnilla. alaram klokkukalkkum adukkala timerukalkkum palappozhum secondil 4 beettukal (14,400 bii. pii. echu) enna nirakkaanu ullathu. 1970-kalkk munbu nirmmicha vaachukalkk saadhaaranayaayi secondil 5 beettukal (18,000 bii. pii. echu) enna nirakkaayirunnu. nilavile vaachukalkk 6 (21,600 bii. pii. echu), 8 (28,800 bii. pii. echu) nirakkukalum chilathinu secondil 10 beettukalum (36,000 bii. pii. echu) undu. oodimaars piguat nilavil secondil 12 beettukal (43,200 bii. pii. echu) enna uyarnna balance vibration nirakkulla oru vaachu nirmmikkunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, eljin secondil 40 beettukal (144,000 bii. pii. echu) vegathayil oodunna valare krithyamaaya oru stopp vaachu nirmmichu, ithu 'jittarbag' enna vilipperu nedi. 
kaithandayile ettavum mikacha balance wheel vaachukalude krithyatha prathidinam eathaanum secondukalaanu. rekhamsham nirnnayikkunnathinulla krithyamaaya samaya srotassaayi aakasha sanjaarathinaayi kappalukalil upayogichirunna maraine kronometerukalaayirunnu ettavum krithyamaaya balance wheel timepeasukal. randaam lokamahaayudhathode avar prathidinam 0.1 second krithyatha kaivarichu.
aandolanathinte kaalaghattam.
secondukalile oru balance veelinte andolana kaalayalav, oru samboornna chakratthinu (rund beettukal) aavashyamaaya samayam, nirnnayikkunnath chakratthinte jadathvathinte moment kilogram-meter 2-lum athinte balance springinte kaadinyam (spring sthiraangam) oru radiante nyoottan-meettaril "κ"-lum aannu
charithram.
pathinalam noottaandile europil aadyathe mechanical klokkukalodoppam balance wheel prathyakshappettuvenkum athu eppol, evide aadyamaayi upayogichuvennu krithyamaayi ariyilla. ithu foliyottinte mechappetta pathippaanu, madhyabhaagathu nere thoongikkidakkunna oru neraaya baar adangunna aadyakaala inertial timekeeper, attathu bhaaramund, athu angotum ingottum aandolikkunnu. klokkinte nirakk krameekarikkunnathin elakalude bharam barylake kayarukayo puratthekku pogukayo cheyyaam. vadakkan europile aadyathe klokkukal follietukal upayogichappol thekkan europile klokkukal balance veelukal upayogichirunnu. aadyam bracket klokkukalaayum vilakku klokkukalaayum pinneedu 1500 nuu sheshamulla aadyathe valia vaachukalaayum klokkukal cheruthayathinaal, elakalkku pakaram balance veelukal upayogikkaan thudangi. athinte bhaaratthinte kooduthal bhagam achuthandil ninnu akaleyulla arikilayathinaal, oru balance veelinu athe valippathilulla oru elakalekkaal valia jadathwamundaakaam, koodaathe mikacha samayam nilanirthaanum kazhiyum. chakratthinte aakruthiyilum vaayu prathirodham kuravaayirunnu, thaapanilayile mattangal kaaranam taapa vipuleekarana pishakin athinte jyamiti bhaagikamaayi nashtapariharam nalki.
santulita vasantham kootticherkkal.
eee aadyakaala balance veelukalkku mattu avashya gadakangal illaathathinaal avaa asamskritha samayapaalanakkaaraayirunnu balance spring. escape veelile pallumayi sanbarkkam pulartthunna erju flag pallinte agram ("rakshapettu") marikadannu escapementinte pravartthanam vipareethamaakkukayum chakrathe purakott thallukayum cheiyunnathuvare aadyakaala balance veelukal escapement vazhi oru dishayilekku thallappettu. atharamoru "inertial" chakratthil, aaksilareshan drive fozhsinu aanupaathikamaanu. balance spring illaatha oru klokkilo vaachilo, drive fozhsu chakrathe thwarithappeduthunna shakthiyum athine mandagathiyilaakkukayum vipareethamaakkukayum cheiyunna shakthiyum nalkunnu. drive fozhsu vardhippikkukayaanenkil, acceleration disilaration vardhikkunnu, ithu chakram vegathilum vegathilum munnottum thallaan kaaranamaakunnu. ithu samayanirnayathe rakshappedal prayogikkunna sakthiye shakthamayi aashrayikkaan kaaranamaayi. oru vaachil, timepeasinte gear trainiloode rakshappedaan upayogikkunna maine spring nalkunna drive fozhsu, maine spring kedaayathine thudarnnu vaachinte oodunna kaalayalavil kuranju. drive fozhsu thulyamakkaanulla chila maargangalillathe, spring shakti nashtappedukayum samayam nashtappedukayum cheythathinaal windingukalkkidayilulla oottam kaalayalavil vaachu mandagathiyilaayi. athukondaanu pree-balance spring vaachukalkk ettavum kuranja krithyatha nedunnathinu, pradhana springle ninnulla balam escapementilekku athikkunnathinu fusees (allengil chila sandarbhangalil staakkfreedukal) aavasyamaanu. eee upakaranagalil polum, balance springinu munbulla vaachukal valare krithyathayillaathavayaayirunnu.
chakratthinte bhramanam parimithappeduthunnathina cherttha springy hogg bristtil karbukal athinte krithyatha vardhippichuvenna nireekshanangalil ninnaan balance spring enna ashayam prachodanam ulkkondathu. 1658ll roobert hook aadyamaayi oru loha spring baalansil prayogikkukayum jeane dii houtefueyilum kristhyan hyujans 1674ll athine athinte nilavile sarppila roopathilekku mechappeduthukayum cheythu. spring chertthathu balance veeline oro aadhunika klokkinteyum adisthaanamaaya oru harmonic oosilettaraakki. ithinartham chakram swaabhaavika anurananeeyamaya aavruthiyilo 'beett' yilo vibrate cheyyukayum gharshanamo drive fozhsu maattukayo moolamundaakunna vibration nirakkile maattangale prathirodhikkukayum cheythu ennaanu. eee nirnayakamaaya naveekaranam vaachukalude krithyatha valareyadhikam vardhippichu, prathidinam niravadhi manikkoorukalil ninnu orupakshe prathidinam 10 minittayi, avaa vilayeriya puthumakalil ninnu upayogapradamaaya timekeepparukalaayi maari.
thaapanila pishak.
balance spring cherthathinushesham, krithyathayillaaymayude oru pradhana uravidam thaapanila maattangalude phalamaayirunnu. aadyakaala vaachukalil playin steel kondu nirmmicha balance springukalum pichala allengil steel baalansukalum undaayirunnu, ivayil thaapanilayude swaadheenam nirakkine shradheyamaayi baadhichu.
thaapanilayile vardhanavu santhulithamaaya vasanthathinte alavukalum taapa vipuleekaranam moolamulla santhulithaavasthayum vardhippikkunnu. oru springinte shakti, oru vyathichalanathodulla prathikaranamaayi athu ulppaadippikkunna punasthaapikkunna shakti, athinte veethiykkum kanathinte cubin aanupaathikavum athinte neelathinu vipareeta aanupaathikavumaanu. thaapanilayile vardhanavu yadhaarthathil oru neeruravaye athinte bhauthika alavukale maathram baadichaal athu kooduthal sakthamaakkum. ennirunnaalum, playin steel kondu nirmmicha balance springile valare valia phalam thaapanila vardhikkunnathinanusaricha springinte lohathinte ilaasthikatha ganyamaayi kurayunnu ennathaanu, motham phalam vardhicha thaapanilaykkoppam oru playin steel spring durbalamaakunnu ennathaanu. thaapanilayile vardhana oru urukkinteyo pichalayudeyo balance veelinteyo vyaasam vardhippikkukayum athinte bhramana jadathwavum athinte jadathvathinte nimishavum vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu balance springinte vegatha vardhippikkunnathu budhimuttaakkunnu. vasanthathinte bhauthika alavukalilum santhulithaavasthayilum thaapanila vardhikkunnathinte rund phalangal, santhulithaavasthayude shakthippeduthalum santhulithaavasthayude bhramana jadathvathile vardhanavum, ethir phalangal undaakkukayum oru paridhivare parasparam raddaakkukayum cheiyunnu. oru vaachinte nirakkine badhikkunna thaapanilayude pradhana phalam vardhichuvarunna thaapanilaykkoppam balance spring durbalappeduthunnu ennathaanu.
thaapanilayude falangalkku nashtapariharam labhikkatha oru vaachil, durbalamaaya spring balance wheel kendrathilekku thirike konduvaraan kooduthal samayamedukkunnu, athinaal 'beett' mandagathiyilaakukayum vaachinu samayam nashtappedukayum cheiyunnu. 60 digri fahrenheit (33 digri selshyas) thaapanila vardhanavinu vidheyamaaya oru saadhaarana pichala balance steel hair spring prathidinam 393 second (minitt) nashtappedunnuvennum athil 312 second vasanthakala ilaasthikatha kurayunnuvennum 1773 ll ferdinand berthoud kandethi.
thaapanila-nashtaparihara balance wheel.
samudrayaathrakalil aakasha sanjaarathinu krithyamaaya oru gadikaarathinte aavasyakatha pathinettaam noottaandile brittanilum fraansilum balance saankethikavidyayil niravadhi purogathikalkku kaaranamaayi. oru maraine chronometerile prathidinam 1 second pishak polum 2 maasathe yaathraykk sesham kappalinte sthaanathu pishakin kaaranamakum. 1753-ll aadyathe vijayakaramaya maraine chronometerukalaaya echu4, echu5 ennivayil vasanthakaalath oru bimetalic 'compensation curb' upayogichu oru balance veelil thaapanila compensation aadyamaayi prayogicha joonn haarisan aanu. iva prathidinam oru secondinte oru bhagam krithyatha kaivarichu, ennaal athinte sankeernnatha kaaranam compensation curb kooduthal upayogichilla.
1765-ll piyar leeii rooy oru lalithamaaya pariharam aavishkarikkukayum joonn arnold thomas ernsha mechappeduthukayum cheythu "ernshah" allengil "compensating" balance wheel. thaapanilaykkanusarichu balance veelinte valippam maattuka ennathaayirunnu pradhana kaaryam. choodu koodunnathinanusarichu balance vyaasathil churukkaan kazhiyumenkil, cheria jadatwa nimisham balance spring durbalamaakunnathinu nashtapariharam nalkukayum andolana kaalayalav athepadi nilanirthukayum cheyyum.
ithu nirvahikkunnathinaayi, baalansinte puram bhagam rund lohangalude oru 'sandwich' upayogichaanu nirmmichathu; akathulla urukkinte oru paali purambhaagathulla pichalayude oru paliyumaayi samyojippichirikkunnu. eee bimetalic nirmmaanatthinte strippukal choodaakkumbol urukkinte vashathekku valayunnu, kaaranam pichalayude taapa vipuleekaranam urukkinekkaal valuthaanu. chakratthinte spokkukalkku aduthulla rund pooyintukalil riim murichu, athinaal ithu rund vrithaakrithiyilulla bimetalic 'aayudangal' ulla oru ezz-aakruthiyodu saamyamullathaan (chithram kaanuka). eee chakrangale chilappol "isad-balance" ennu vilikkunnu. thaapanila vardhana kaikal chakratthinte madhyabhaagathekku akathekku valaykkaan kaaranamaakunnu, koodaathe pindam akathekku maarunnath baalansinte jadathvathinte nimisham kuraykkunnu, oru spinning aise skettarinu kaikal valichukondu avalude jadathvathinte nimisham kuraykkaan kazhiyunnathupole. jadathvathinte nimishatthile eee kuravu durbalamaaya balance spring ulppaadippikkunna kuranja torkinu nashtapariharam nalki. kaikalil chalikkavunna bharam upayogichaanu nashtaparihaaratthinte alavu krameekarikkunnath. itharathilulla balansullah maraine chronometerukalkku vishalamaaya thaapanila paridhiyil prathidinam 3 muthal 4 second vare maathrame pishakukalulloo. 1870kalode nashtapariharam nalkia baalansukal vaachukalil upayogikkaan thudangi.
madhya thaapanila pishak.
staanderd ernshah compensation balance thaapanila vyathiyanangal kaaranam pishak ganyamaayi kurachuvenkilum athu illaathaakkiyilla. jeey aadyam vivarichathupole. jii. kuranjathum uyarnnathumaaya thapanilayil sariyaaya samayam nilanirthunnathinu krameekarichirikkunna oru compensated balance, intermediat thapanilayil prathidinam kurachu sekkantukal vegathilaayirikkum. baalansinte jadathvathinte nimisham compensation aayudhangalude aaram enna nilayil vyathyaasappedunnu ennathaanu kaaranam, angane thaapanilayude. ennaal vasanthathinte ilaasthikatha thaapanila anusarichu rekheeyamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu.
eee prashnam laghookarikkunnathinu, chronometer nirmmathaakkal vividha 'sahaaya nashtaparihara' padhathikal sweekarichu, ithu prathidinam oru secondil thaazheyulla pishak kurachu. balance veelinte akathu gadippichirikkunna cheria bimetalic aayudangal udaaharanathinu atharam skeemukalil ulppedunnu. atharam kompansettarukalkku balance veelinte madhyabhaagathekku oru dishayil maathrame valaraan kazhiyoo, pakshe puratthekku valayunnathu chakram thanne thadayunnu. thadassappetta chalanam oru noonn-leanier thaapanila prathikaranatthinu kaaranamaakunnu, athu vasanthakaalathe ilaasthikatha maattangalkk alppam mikacha reethiyil nikathaan kazhiyum. 1850num 1914num idayil vaarshika greenwich obsarvettari pareekshanangalil aadyam vanna chronometerukalil bhooribhaagavum sahaaya nashtaparihara roopakalppanakalaayirunnu. sankeernnatha kaaranam vaachukalil orikkalum sahaaya nashtapariharam upayogichirunnilla.
mikacha vasthukkal.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil lohashaasthrathile purogathi moolam bimetalic compensated balance wheel kaalaharanapettu. 1896-ll valare kuranja taapa vipuleekaranamulla nikkal steel aloy, balance springukalkkaayi vishalamaaya thaapanila paridhiyil maattamillaatha elaasthikathayulla eleanwar ('inveriable ilaasthikatha' yill ninnu) enniva kandupidichathin chaals edward gillom oru nobal sammanam nedi. elinvarinte oru springumaayulla oru soolid inwar baalansine thaapanila valia thothil baadichittilla, athinaal ithu krameekarikkaan prayaasamulla bimetalic baalansine maatti. ithu baalansukalkkum neeruravakalkkumaayi mechappetta kuranja thaapanila gunakam aloikalkku kaaranamaayi.
eleanwar vikasippikkunnathinumbu, bimetalic baalansukalile madhya thaapanila pishak nikathunnathinaayi negatteevu quadratic thaapanila gunakam nalkikkond oru aloy gillom kandupidichu. anibal ennu perittirikkunna eee aloy invaarinte cheria vyathiyaanamaan. ithu steel hair springinte thaapanila phalathe eathaandu poornnamaayum nishedhikkunnu, pakshe appozhum gillom balance wheel ennariyappedunna oru baimettal compensated balance wheel aavasyamaanu. eee roopakalppana pinneedu eleanwar neeruravakalumaayulla single mettal inwar baalansukalkk anukoolamaayi upayogashoonyamaayi. oru vasthuvinte vipuleekarana samavaakyathile sthaanathaal chathuragunakam nirvachikkappedunnu;
evide