
baido

oru chainees saattalait naavigeshan samvidaanamaanu beido naavigeshan saattalait sisttam (beido;). rund vyathyastha upagraha nakshathrasamoohangal ithil ulppedunnu. audyogikamaayi beido saattalait naavigeshan pareekshana samvidaanam ennum beido-1 ennum ariyappedunna aadyathe beido sisttathil moonnu upagrahangal ulppedunnu, 2000 muthal, pradhaanamaayum chainayileyum ayal pradeshangalileyum upayokthaakkalkk parimithamaaya coverage naavigeshan sevanangalum vaagdaanam cheythu. 2012 avasaanathode beido-1 nirthalaakkappettu.
audyogikamaayi beido naavigeshan saattalait sisttam (bii. dii. ezz) ennum compass allengil beido-2 ennum ariyappedunna eee samvidaanathinte randaam thalamura 2011 desemberil 10 upagrahangalude bhagika koottatthode chainayil pravarthanakshamamaayi. 2012 desember muthal eshya-pasaphik mekhalayile upabhokthaakkalkk ithu sevanangal nalkunnundu. eee pradeshathinullil, gpacnekkaal krithyathayullathaanu beydou.
2015ll chaina aagola kavarejinaayi moonnaam thalamura beydou samvidaanam (beydou-3) aarambhichu. aadyathe bii. dii. ezz-3 upagraham 2015 march 30 nuu vikshepichu. 2018 desember 27 nuu beydou naavigeshan saattalait sisttam aagola sevanangal nalkaan thudangi. bii. dii. ezz-3-nte 35-aamatheyum avasaanatheyum upagraham 2020 juun 23-nuu bhramanapathathilekku vikshepichu. beido-3 millimeter-level krithyathayil athumennu 2016-ll parayapettu (poost-prosessinginoppam). 2020 juun 23 nuu, beido kudumbatthile 55-aamathe upagrahathinte vikshepanathe adayaalappeduthikkondu ettavum puthiya beido upagraham vijayakaramaayi vikshepichu. beido naavigeshan saattalait sisttathinte moonnaamathe aavarthanam russiayude glonas, europian galilio positioning sisttam, us gps ennivaykku pakaramaayi samayathinum navigation poornna aagola kavarej nalkunnu.
chaina dinapathram" parayunnathanusarichu, 2015-ll, upagraha samvidaanam vikshepichu pathinanju varshathinu sesham, chaina aerospace sayans aandu industry korppareshan, ottonaavi holdings limittad thudangiya pradhana kambanikalkku prathivarsham 31.5 bilyan dollar vittuvarav undaakkunnu., chaina north industries group korppareshan. kanakkukal udharichu sinhuwa parayunnathanusarichu, eee vyavasaayathinte vaarshika moolyam sharashari 20 sathamaanathiladhikam valarnnu 2020ll 64 bilyan dollarilethi.
beedo sisttam nerittu srishtikkukayum nayikkukayum cheiyunna saattalait naavigeshan sevana vipani ulppaadana moolyam 2025 oode 1 trilyan yuwan ($156.22 bilyan) moolyavum 2035 oode 467 bilyan dollar aayirikkumenn aabhyanthara vyavasaya reportukal pravachikkunnu.
namakaranam.
beido naavigeshan saattalait sisttam" ennaanu eee samvidaanathinte audyogika engleesh peru. chainees bhashayil () ennariyappedunna bigg dipper aasttarisathinte perilaanu ithu ariyappedunnathu. purathana chainees jyothishaasthranjar ursa pradhana nakshathrasamoohathile ettavum thilakkamulla ezhu nakshathrangalkk nalkia peraaya "northen dipper" ennaanu eee perinte aksharaarthatthil ardham. charitraparamaayi, eee nakshathrangalude koottam vadakkan nakshathrathe kandethaan naavigeshanil upayogichirunnu. athupole, saattalait naavigeshan sisttathinte uddeshyathinaayi beido enna peru oru roopakamaayum pravartthikkunnu.
charithram.
garbhadhaaranavum prarambha vikasanavum.
1980kalil chenn fanguen sahapravarthakarum chernnaanu chainees saattalait naavigeshan sisttathinte yadhaartha ashayam vibhavanam cheythath. 1991leeii gulf yuddham, gps engane yudhakkalathil americaykku poornna nettam nalkiyennum "bahirakasha yuddham" nadatthaan upagraha naavigeshan samvidaanangal engane upayogikkaamennum pradharshippichu. 1993ll, yinhe sambhavathil gps axus nishedhikkappedaanulla saadhyatha chaina manassilakkukayum 1996ll moonnaam taiwan kadalidukku prathisandhiyil oru cases ulppeduthukayum 1994ll audyogikamaayi aarambhicha swantham thaddesheeya upagraha naavigeshan samvidaanam srishtikkaan prachodanam nalkukayum cheythu.
chaina deseeya bahirakasha bharanakoodatthinte kanakkanusarichu, 2010ll eee samvidaanathinte vikasanam moonnu ghattangalilayi nadappaakkum
aadyathe upagrahamaaya "beido-1eiii" 2000 october 30-num thudarnnu 2000 desember 20-num "beido-1bii" vikshepichu. moonnaamathe upagrahamaaya "beido-1sii" (oru backup upagraham) 2003 meyy 25-nuu bhramanapathathil sthaapichu. "beido-1sii" yude vijayakaramaya vikshepanavum beido-1 naavigeshan samvidaanam sthaapikkunnathine ardhamaakkunnu.
2008 muthal 10 meter krithyathayum 0.2 micro second samayavum secondil 0.2 meter vegathayum ulla oru ooppan sarvees beedo vaagdaanam cheiyumennu 2006 november 2 nuu chaina prakhyaapichu.
2007 februvariyil, beido-1 samvidaanathinte naalaamatheyum avasaanatheyum upagrahamaaya "beido-1 dii" (chilappol "beido-2 eiii" ennu vilikkappedunnu, ithu oru backup upagrahamaayi pravartthikkunnu) vikshepichu. upagrahathin niyanthrana samvidaanathil thakaraarundaayenn report cheyyappettenkilum pinneedu poornnamaayum punasthaapichu.
2007 eprilil, beido-2-nte aadya upagrahamaaya "compass-emm 1" (beido-2 nakshathrasamoohatthinte aavruthikal saadhookarikkunnathinu) athinte pravartthana bhramanapathathil vijayakaramaayi sthaapichu. randaamathe beydou-2 nakshathrasamooha upagrahamaaya "compass-jii 2" 2009 epril 15 nuu vikshepichu.
2010 januvari 15 nuu, beido naavigeshan saattalait sisttathinte audyogika websait oonlainil pooyi, sisttathinte moonnaamathe upagraham ("compass-jii 1") 2010 januvari 17 nuu long march 3 sii rokkatt vazhi athinte bhramanapathathilekku kondupoyi.
2010 juun 2nuu naalaamathe upagraham bhramanapathathilekku vijayakaramaayi vikshepichu.
2010 august 1 nuu oru elm-3aii carrier rokkatt vazhi shichang upagraha vikshepana kendratthil ninnu anchaamathe oorbittar bahiraakaashathekku vikshepichu.
moonnu maasathinu sesham 2010 november 1nuu aaraamathe upagrahathe elm-3sii vazhi bhramanapathathilekku ayachu.
mattoru upagrahamaaya beydou-2/compass igso-5 (anchaamathe chaayvulla jiosynchronous bhramanapatham) upagraham 2011 desember 1 nuu (yuu. tii. sii) sichang upagraha vikshepana kendratthil ninnu long march 3eiii-yill vikshepichu.
galilio samvidaanathil chainayude edapedal.
2003 septambaril, europian gelilio positioning sisttam projakttil cheraan chaina uddeshikkukayum adutha kurachu varshangalil 230 dasalaksham euro (296 dasalaksham us dollar, 160 dasalaksham poundu) geliliyoyil nikshepikkukayum cheythu. akkaalat, chainayude "beydou" naavigeshan samvidaanam appol maathrame sayudha seena upayogikkukayulloovennu vishwasichirunnu.
2004 octoberil, "galilio joyint undertaking (jiju)" "naashanal remot sensing sentar oof chinayum (enrsc) thammilulla" galilio prograamile sahakaranathinulla karaaril oppuvachukondu chaina audyogikamaayi galilio padhathiyil chernnu. galilio paripaadiyekkurichulla saino-europian sahakarana karaarinte adisthaanathil, galilio prograamukalil chainayude pankaalitthatthinte pradhana kararukaaranaaya chaina galilio industries (cgi) 2004 desemberil sthaapithamaayi. 2006 eprilode, galilio chattakkoodinullile pathinonnu sahakarana padhathikal chinayum europian union thammil oppuvachu.
ennirunnaalum, hongong aasthaanamaayulla "southu chaina morning poost" 2008 januvariyil galilio padhathiyil chainayude pankil samthrupthiyillennum eshyan vipaniyil gaaliliyoyumaayi malsarikkumennum report cheythu.
beedo-1.
vivaranam.
naalu upagrahangal (moonnu pravartthana upagrahangalum oru backup upagrahavum) ulkkollunna oru pareekshanathmaka praadeshika naavigeshan samvidaanamaayirunnu beydou-1. chainees dii. eph. echu-3 jiyosteshanari communications upagrahathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla upagrahangalkk 1,000 kilogram veetham vikshepana bharamundaayirunnu.
american gps, russian glonas, europian galilio sisttangal ennivayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, idatharam bhouma bhramanapatha upagrahangal upayogikkunna beedo-1 jiyosteshanari bhramanapathathil upagrahangal upayogichu. ithinartham eee samvidaanathinu upagrahangalude oru valia koottam aavasyamilla, marichu upagrahangal drishyamaakunna bhoomiyile pradeshangalilekku kavarej parimithappedutthunnu. 70°iii muthal 140°iii vareyulla rekhaamshavum 5°enn muthal 55°enn vareyulla akshaamshavumaan sevanam cheyyaan kazhiyunna pradesham. sisttathinte aavruthi 2,491.75 mhz aanu.
poorttheekaranam.
aadyathe upagrahamaaya beido-1eiii 2000 october 31nuu vikshepichu. randaamathe upagrahamaaya beido-1bii 2000 desember 21nuu vijayakaramaayi vikshepichu. nakshathrasamoohatthinte avasana pravartthana upagrahamaaya beido-1sii 2003 meyy 25nuu vikshepichu.
sthaanam kanakkukoottal.
2007ll audyogika sinhuwa warta ejansi report cheythath beydou samvidaanathinte resolution 0.5 meter vare kuravaanennaanu. nilavilulla upayokthru terminalukalil calibrated krithyatha 20 meter (100 meter, calibrated allah) aanennu thonnunnu.
terminalukal.
2008ll oru beido-1 graundu terminalinu ekadesham () aayirunnu chelavu, ithu samakaalika gps terminalinte ekadesham 10 madangu vilayaanu. irakkumathi cheytha microchippukalude vilayaanu terminalukalude vilayennu vishadeekarichu. 2009 novemberil shenshenil nadanna chaina haitek fair elexconil oru beido terminal avatharippichu.
aaplikkeshanukal.
naavigeshan sisttathinte cheef designaraaya sann jiadong 2010 ll paranju, "pala samghadanakalum kurachukaalamaayi njangalude sisttam upayogikkunnu, avarkk ithu valare ishtamaanu".
pirichuvidal.
beido-2 samvidaanam pravarthanakshamamaayathinu sesham 2012 avasaanathode beido-1 nirthalaakki.
beedo-2.
vivaranam.
beydou-2 (munbu compass ennariyappettirunnu) pazhaya beydou-1-nte vipuleekaranamalla, marichu athine poornnamaayum marikadakkunnu. 35 upagrahangalude oru koottamaanu puthiya samvidaanam, athil beedo-1-maayi pinnoca poruthatthinaayi 5 jiyosteshanari bhramanapatha upagrahangalum 30 noonn-jiyosteshanari upagrahangalum (idatharam bhouma bhramanapathathil 27 umm charinja jiosynchronous bhramanapathathil 3 umm) ulppedunnu, avaa bhoomiyude poornna kavarej vaagdaanam cheiyunnu.
ranching signalukal cdma thathwathe adisthaanamaakkiyullavayaanu, koodaathe galilio allengil aadhunika gpacnte savisheshamaaya sankeernamaaya gadanayundu. mattu aagola naavigeshan saattalait systengalkku (jii. enn. ezz. ezz) samaanamaayi, positioning sevanathinu rund thalangalunda ooppan (public), restracted (milittari). pothu sevanam aagolathalathil pothu upayokthaakkalkk labhyamaan. nilavil aasoothranam cheytha ellah gnssukalum vinyasikkumbol, multy-konstaleshan reseaverukalude upayokthaakkalkk motham nooriladhikam upagrahangalil ninnu prayojanam labikkum, ithu sthaananirnnayathinte ellah vashangalum, prathyekichu nagara malayidukkukal ennu vilikkappedunna signalukalude labhyatha ganyamaayi mechappeduthum. compass naavigeshan sisttathinte general designer sann jiadong aanu, avar athinte mungamiyaaya yadhaartha beydou naavigeshan sisttathinte general designer koodiyaanu. ellah beido upagrahangalilum upagraha lazer ranchinginum bhramanapathatthinte gunanilavaara parishodhanaykkumaayi lazer retro reflector arekal sajjeekarichirikkunnu.
krithyatha.
rund thalatthilulla sevanangal nalkunnu-saadhaaranakkaarkkulla soujanya sevanavum chainees sarkkarinum sainyathinum licensulla sevanavum. soujanya sivilian sevanathinu 10 meter lokkeshan tracking krithyathayundu, 10 nanosecond krithyathayode klokkukale samanvayippikkunnu, koodaathe 0.2 meter/secondinullil vegatha alakkunnu. niyantritha sainika sevanathinu 10 centimeter lokkeshan krithyathayundu, ithu aashayavinimayathinayi upayogikkaam, koodaathe sisttam staattasinekkurichu vivarangal upayokthaavin nalkum. 2019 ll, anthaaraashtra jii. enn. ezz. sevanam pareekshanathmaka uthppannangalil beido upagrahangalude krithyamaaya bhramanapathangal nalkaan thudangi.
innuvare, peeples liberation armikkum paakistaan sayudha senaykkum maathramaan sainika sevanam nalkiyirikkunnath.
freekwansikal.
kombasinulla aavruthikal naalu bandukalaayi anuvadikkunnu e1, e2, e5b, e6; avaa geliliyoyumaayi ovarlaappu cheiyunnu. reseiver roopakalppanayude veekshanakonil ninnu overlapping soukaryapradamaakumenkilum maruvashathu sisttam edapedalinte prasnangal uyarthunnu, prathyekichu iii 1, iii 2 bandukalkkullil, avaa galeeliyoyude pothu niyantritha sevanathinaayi neekkivachirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, internaashanal telecommunication union (aii. tii. yuu) nayangal prakaram, oru prathyeka aavruthiyilulla prakshepanam aarambikkunna aadya raajyathin aaa aavruthiykku munganana nalkum, thudarnnulla eathoru upayokthaakkalum aaa aavruthi upayogikkunnathinu munbu anumathi nedendathundu, allengil avarude prakshepanangal yadhaartha raajyathinte prakshepanatthe thadassappeduthunnille urappaakkanam. 2009 leeii kanakkanusarichu, chainees compass upagrahangal yooroppinte galilio upagrahangalkk munbu iii1, iii2, iii5bii, iii6 baandukalil prakshepanam cheyyaan thudangumennum athinaal eee aavruthi shrenikalil praadhamika avakaashamundennum thonni.
puthiya samvidaanathinte signalukalekkurichu chainees adhikaarikal audyogikamaayi onnum prakhyaapichittillengile, aadyathe compass upagrahathinte vikshepanam swatantra gaveshakarkk signalukalude pothuvaaya savisheshathakal padikkaan mathramalla, oru compass reseiver nirmmikkanum anuvadichu.
compass-emm1.
2007 epril 14nuu signal parisodhanaykkum moolyanirnnayathinumaayi vikshepicha oru pareekshanathmaka upagrahamaan compass-emm1. kompasinaayi compass-emm1-nte punk galilio sisttathinte jiov upagrahangalude punk poleyaanu. compass-emm1-nte bhramanapatham ekadesham vrithaakruthiyilullathaanu, 21,150 kilometer uyaravum 55.5 digri cherivum undu.
compass-emm1 3 bandukalaayi prakshepanam cheiyunnu iii2, iii5bii, iii6. oro freekwansi baandilum 90° (kwadrecharil) ghattamaattathode rund koherant sub-signalukal kandethiyittundu. eee signal gadakangale "i", "q" enningane veendum vilikkunnu. aii" gadakangalkku hrasvamaaya kodukalundu, avaa ooppan sarveesinaayi uddeshichittundaakam. q" gadakangalkku valare dairkhyameriya kodukalundu, kooduthal interference resisteevu aanu, orupakshe niyantritha sevanathinaayi uddeshichullathaanu.
2007 epril 14 nuu compass-emm 1 vikshepichathinu thottupinnaale prakshepanam cheytha signalukalude anweshanam aarambhichu. 2007 juunil sii. enn. iii. esile enchineeyarmaar signalukalude spectravum ghadanayum report cheythu. oru maasathinushesham, stanford sarvakalaashaalayile gaveshakar "aii" signal gadakangalude poornnamaaya decoding report cheythu. kodukalekkurichulla arivu septambantriyoyile oru koottam enchineeyarmaare compass reseiver nirmmikkanum iii2, iii5bii ennivayil "aii" signalukalude tracking, malttipaathu savisheshathakal report cheyyaanum anuvadichu.
ooppareshan.
2011 desemberil pareekshana adisthaanathil eee samvidaanam pravarthanamaarambhichu. 2011 desember 27 muthal chainaykkum ayal pradeshathinum naavigeshan, positioning, timing daatta enniva soujanyamaayi nalkaan thudangi. eee trial ranninide, compass 25 meterinullil positioning krithyatha vaagdaanam cheyyukayum kooduthal upagrahangal vikshepichathode krithyatha mechappedukayum cheythu. sisttathinte audyogika samaarambhathil, saadhaarana upayokthaakkalkk ettavum aduthulla 10 meterilekku krithyamaaya sthaananirnnaya vivarangal nalkumennum secondil 0.2 meterinullil vegatha alakkumennum 0.02 micro secondylake krithyathayulla clock synchronysationulla signalukal nalkumennum prathinjja cheythu.
2012 desemberil eshya-pasaphik mekhalaykkayi beydou-2 samvidaanam sevanangal nalkaan thudangi. eee samayat, 55°iii muthal 180°iii rekhaamshathinum 55°seey muthal 55°enn vareyulla akshaamshathinum idayil positioning daatta nalkaan eee samvidaanathinu kazhiyum.
puthuthalamura beido upagrahangal hraswa sandesha sevanathe pinthunaykkunnu.
poorttheekaranam.
2011 desemberil sinhuwa prasthaavichathu "beido sisttathinte adisthaana ghadana ippol sthaapikkappettittundu, enchineeyarmaar ippol samagramaya sisttam testtum moolyanirnnayavum nadathunnu. eee varsham avasaanathode chainaykkum ayal pradeshangalkkumaayi positioning, naavigeshan, samayam ennivayude testt rann sevanangal eee samvidaanam nalkumennu adhikrithar ariyichu. athe maasam thanne chaina mekhalayil eee samvidaanam pravarthanakshamamaayi. 2020 oode aagola naavigeshan samvidaanam poortthiyaakkanam.
2012 desemberile kanakkanusarichu, 14 upagrahangal sevanathilundaayirunna beydou-2-naayi 16 upagrahangal vikshepichittundu. 2017 desemberile kanakkanusarichu 150 dasalaksham chainees smartphoneukal (vipaniyude 20 sathamaanam) beydou upayogikkaan sajjeekarichirikkunnu.
beedo-3.
beedo sisttathinte moonnaam ghattathil (bii. dii. ezz-3) moonnu jio upagrahangal, moonnu igso upagrahangal, irupathinaalu meoo upagrahangal enniva ulppedunnu, avaa puthiya signal aavruthikalaaya bii1sii/bii1aii/bii1eiii (<aii. dii. 1>), bii2eiii/bii2bii (<aii. dii. 2>), bii3aii/bii3kyoo/bii3eiii (<aii. dii. 3>), bs testt aavruthi (<aii. dii. 4>) enniva avatharippikkunnu. puthiya ooppan signalukalile interface niyanthrana rekhakal 2017-2018 ll prasidheekarichu.
2020 juun 23 nuu, shichang upagraha vikshepana kendratthil avasana upagraham vijayakaramaayi vikshepichathinu sesham bii. dii. ezz-3 nakshathrasamooha vinyaasam poortthiyaayi. bii. dii. ezz-3 upagrahangalil ezz. bii. eiii. ezz (bii1sii, bii2eiii, bii1eiii), serch aandu rescue transponder kazhivukal ennivayum ulppedunnu.
iii2, iii5bii ennivayile "aii" signalukalude savisheshathakal saadhaaranayaayi gpsinte sivilian kodukalkku (ell1-caa, ell2sii) samaanamaan, ennaal compass signalukalkku alppam kooduthal shakthiyund. eee pejil upayogikkunna compass signalukalude notteshan freekwansi baandukalude naamakaranatthe pinthudarukayum eee vishayathil american saahithyathil upayogikkunna notteshanumaayi yojikkukayum cheiyunnu, ennaal chainakkar upayogikkunna notteshan vyathyasthamaanennu thonnunnu.
beido-1-leeii samanamaaya pareekshanangalethudarnnu 2492.028 mhz-ll "bs" enna pareekshanathmaka baand prakshepanavum nadannittundu.
nakshathrasamooham.
2012 avasaanathode regional beido-1 samvidaanam nirthalaakki.
randaam thalamura samvidaanathinte aadya upagrahamaaya compass-emm1 2007ll vikshepichu. athinusesham <aii. dii. 1> samayat ombathu upagrahangal koodi pravarthanakshamamaaya praadeshika kavarej nedi. eee ghattathil aake 16 upagrahangal vikshepichu.
2015ll, puthiya thalamurayude aadya vikshepanathodeyum puthiya samvidaanathinullile 17-aamathe vikshepanathodeyum eee samvidaanam aagola kavarejilekkulla parivartthanam aarambhichu. 2015 juulai 25 nuu, 18,19 upagrahangal sichang upagraha vikshepana kendratthil ninnu vijayakaramaayi vikshepichu, ithu chainaykku oru long march 3 bii/expedition 1 carrier rokkattinu mukalil oresamayam rund upagrahangal vikshepikkunnathu aadyamaayi adayaalappeduthi. onno athiladhikamo bahirakasha pedakangal vyathyastha bhramanapathangalilekku ethikkaan kazhivulla oru swatantra mukalile gattamaanu paryavekshanam-1. 2015 septambar 29nuu, systethinullil aadyamaayi hydrajan masser vahikkunna 20-aamath upagraham vikshepichu.
2016ll 21,22,23 upagrahangal shichang upagraha vikshepana kendratthil ninnu vikshepichu, avayil avasaanathe rund yathaakramam august 5num november 30num sevanathil praveshichu.

