
bait dajan

dajun ennum ariyappedunna bait dajan (;), jaafayude thekkukizhakkayi sthithicheyyunna oru palasteen arab gramamaayirunnu. joshuvayude pusthakatthilum purathana assyrian, purathana eejipshyan grandhangalilum paraamarshichirikkunna baibil pattanamaya beth dagoninte sthalamaanithennu karuthappedunnu. pothuvarsham patthaam noottaandil ivide kooduthalum samarittanmaaraan thaamasichirunnathu.
pathinaram noottaandinte madhyathil, sulemaante bhaarya roxelana sthaapicha oru automan vakhafinte bhaagamaayirunnu bait dajan, pathinaram noottaandinte avasaanathode ithu gaasayile livayile ramlayude nahiyayude bhaagamaayirunnu. musleengalaayi rekhappeduthappettirunna gramavaasikal gothamb, barley, pazhangal, ellu ennivayude krishi ulppede gramangalil nadathunna swathinum kaarshika vasthukkalkkum mrugasamrakshanathinum aadukal, theneechakkoodukal, munthirithottangal ennivaykkum ottoman adhikaarikalkk nikuthi nalki. pathonpathaam noottaandil, graamatthile sthreekal parambaraagatha palasteen vasthrangalude sarvvyaapiyaaya savisheshathayaaya sankeernavum uyarnna nilavaramullathumaaya embroidery designukalkku praadeshikamaayi prashastharaayirunnu.
palestine nirbandhithamaaya samayat, graamatthil rund praadhamika schoolukalum oru library oru kaarshika vidyaalayavum undaayirunnu. 1948 epril 25 nuu ooppareshan haametsinidayil alexandroni brigade nadatthiya aakramanathethudarnnu 1948 leeii arab-israel yudhathinu munnodiyaayi graamatthil janavasam poornnamaayum illaathaayi. 1948 octoberil ithe sthalathaanu israeli pattanamaya bait daggen sthaapithamaayathu.
ithumaayi thettidharikkappedaathu mattoru bait dajan nablasinu thekkukizhakkayi sthithicheyyunnu.
charithram.
irumbu yugam.
eee graamathinu sahasraabdam neenda charithramund. assyrian, purathana eejipshyan grandhangalil yathaakramam "beeth dagana", "bettu diggon" enningane ithine paraamarsikkunnu. athinte arabi naamamaya bait dajan athinte purathana namam samrakshikkunnu.
baisaantain yugam.
naalam noottaandile graamathe "valare valuth" ennu jerom visheshippikkunnu, appol athinte peru "caffer daagan" allengil "kaafaardaagan" ennu paraamarsikkukayum diospolis (aadhunika looad), yamniya (yaavne/yibna) ennivaykkidayil sthithicheyyukayum cheiyunnu. madaabayude aaram noottaandile bhoopadatthil "[bettu] ooo dagana" enna peril bait dajan prathyakshappedunnu.
aadyakaala islaamika yugam.
bait dajanu thekkupadinjaraayi avashishtangalulla oru tell aaya khirbettu dajun aduthulla saitt "daggen" aksharavinyaasathekkaal "daagan" samrakshikkunnu. arabi saahithyathil, bait dajane soochippikkaan upayogichirunna "dajun" nekkurichu niravadhi paraamarsangalundu.
pothuvarsham I. D. 1-leeii bharanakaalathu umayyad khaleefa hisham ibnu abdul malik bait dajanil velutha marble nirakalulla oru kottaram nirmmichu.
arab bhoomishaasthranjanaaya alle-mukaddasi patthaam noottaandil, ramla pradeshathe oru rodaaya "darb dajun" velliyaazhcha palliyulla dajun pattanavumayi bandhippikkunnuvennu paraamarsikkunnu, koodaathe oru prathyeka praveshana kavaadatthil addeham kootticherkkunnu pattanatthile nivaasikalil bhooribhaagavum samarittanmaraayirunnu. eee samayamaayappozhekkum ramla nagaratthilekkulla ettu kavaadangalil onninu "dajun" ennum perittu.
pathinonnam noottaandil bait dajan palastheenil fathemid sainyathinte aasthaanamaayi sevanamanushtichu.
kurishuyudhavum ayyubid kaalaghattavum.
kurishuyudhakaalathu, richard dhii lionhart 1191-ll graamatthil oru cheria kotta nirmmichu. ithu kaasal maine (allengil kaasal moyin) ennariyappedunnu, ithu "saladin anuvadicha [kurishuyudhakkaarkku] ulnaadan adhiniveshathinte ettavum uyarnna paridhiyaayirunnu", 1192 septambar 2 nuu jaafa udambadi oppuvachathinethudarnna saladin nashippichu.
1226-ll, ayyubid bharanakaalathu, yakut alle-hamavi ithu "ramla jillayile graamangalilonnaan" ennu ezhuthukayum athinekkurichulla thante backie charcha avide ninnulla prashastha muslim pandithanaaya abu bucker mohammed ennariyappedunna ahamed alle-dajaniykku samarppikkukayum cheiyunnu.
automan yugam.
1552ll palastheenil aadyakaala automan bharanakaalathu, bait dajan graamatthile varumaanathinte oru kaaratt, jarusalemile hasseki sultan imarettinte puthiya "vakhaf" aayi, sulemaante bharyayaaya hasseki hurem sultan (roxelana) sthaapichathaayi prakhyaapichu. bharanaparamaayi, ghaza jillayile ramla upavibhagathilppettayinu eee graamam.
1596leeii nikuthi rekhakalil, gaasayile livayude bhagamaaya ramla "nahiya" ("upajilla") yile oru gramamaayirunnu bait dajan. 115 musleem kudumbangalulla ividathe janasamkhya 633 aalukalaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. gothamb, barley, pazhangal, ellu enniva ulppedunna vilakalkkum aadukal, theneechakkoodukal, munthirithottangal thudangiya mattu kaarshika ulppannangalkkum gramavaasikal adhikaarikalkk nikuthi nalki; motham 14,200 ekkar. varumanamellam oru vakhafilekku pooyi.
1762-leeii maarbilinekkurichulla oru arabi likhitham bait dajanil ninnu kandethi. moshe dayaanante swakaarya shekharathil sookshichirikkunna moshe shaaron, isdoodil samskaricha prashastha eejipshyan vishudhanaaya ibrahim alle-mathbuliyude soofi makhaam samarppikkunna likhithamayi ithine thiricharinju. 1799ll samaaharicha piyari jacottinte bhoopadatthil eee graamam oru graamamaayi prathyakshappettu, ennirunnaalum ithinu kabab ennu thettayi namakaranam cheythu.
1838-ll velutha palliyaya ramla mukalil ninnu sradheyamaaya edward robinson gramangalil onnaanu "bait dejan". lidda jillayile oru musleem graamamaayi ithu ariyapettu. 1842-leeii bait dajanil ninnulla arabic kavithasamaahaaramulla chunnaambukallu kondu nirmmicha oru talakkallum dayaanante swakaarya shekharathilundaayirunnu.
1870 muthal oru audyogika automan grama pattikayil ninnu sosin kandethiya prakaram bait dajanile janasamkhya 432 aanu, motham 184 veedukalundu, ennirunnaalum janasamkhyayil purushanmaar maathrame undaayirunnulloo. bettu dedschanil" 148 veedukalundennu hartman kandethi.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, olivu marangalaal chuttapetta mithamaaya valippamulla graamamaayi bait dajane visheshippichirunnu. 1895-ll philipp baldensperger bettu dajaninekkurichu ingane paranju nivaasikal valare kadinaadhvaanikalaanu, pradhaanamaayum mannum kallum vahikkunnathinulla payakalum kottakalum nirmikkunnathil earppettirikkunnu. jaafayil ninnu jarusalemilekku saadhanangal vahikkunnathinum bhoomi krishi cheiyunnathinum kettidanirmmaana pravartthanangal nadathunnathinum avar ottakangal svanthamaakkunnu., jaafayilo railway jolikalilo. ellah divasavum sthreekal jaafayilekkum budhanaazhcha ramlayilekkum-avide nadakkunna maarkkattilekk kozhikal, muttakal, paal ennivayumaayi ozhukiyethunnu.
1903ll eee sthalam oru kwaariyaayi upayogichirunna bait dajanile gramavaasikal khirbettu dajunile swarnna naanayangalude oru shekharam kandethi. eee kandethal aarr. eiii. saitt sandarshikkaan maakaalistar. palestine paryavekshana fundinte (peph) oru reportil vishadamaakkiya thante nireekshanangale adisthaanamaakki, bait daajante vikasanathile charitraparamaaya ghattangalil sthirathaamasathinte thudarchayekkurichu maakaalistar nirddeshikkunnu "angane beth-dagoninte charithratthil namukk moonnu yugangalundu-aadyathethu amorait muthal roman kaalaghattangal vare ithuvare anjjaathamaaya oru saittil; randaamathethu daajinil, roman, aadyakaala arab kaalaghattangalil vyaapichukidakkunnu; moonnaamathethu aadhunika bait dejaanil, innuvare nilanilkkunnu. nilavile janasamkhyaykku, aavashyamaaya rekhakal undaayirunnengil, aadya nagaram muthal avasaanatheth vare neendunilkkunna thudarchayaaya vamshaparambara kaanikkan saadhyathayund."
britiish bharanakaalakhattam.
irupathaam noottaandode graamatthil aankuttikalkku orennavum penkuttikalkku orennavum enningane rund praadhamika vidyaalayangal undaayirunnu. 1920ll britiish bharanakaalathaanu palastheenil aankuttikalkkayulla school sthaapithamaayathu. 600 pusthakangalulla oru library kaarshikashaasthrathil prabodhanathinaayi upayogichirunna 15 dunum bhoomiyum ithil undaayirunnu.
1922 leeii palestine sensus prakaram, "baitt-dajan" enna peril 1,714 nivaasikalulla janasamkhyayil 1931 leeii sensus prakaram 2,664 aayi vardhippicha ellah musleengalum; motham 591 veedukalil 2,626 musleengalum 27 kristhyaanikalum 11 juthanmaarum.
1934ll fakri alle-nashashibi jarusalemil arab varkkezhs sosaitti (eiii. dablyu. ezz) sthaapichappol bait dajaanil oru eiii. dablyu. ezz shaakhayum thurannu. 1940 aayappozhekkum 353 purushanmaarum 102 sthreekalum skoolukalil chernnu.
1945leeii kanakkukal prakaram 130 kristhyaanikalum 3,710 musleengalum ulppede janasamkhya 3,840 aayirunnu, athesamayam motham bhoopradesam 17,327 dunamukalaayirunnu. ithil 7,990 dunam bhoomi citrus, vazhappazham krishikku upayogichu, 676 dunam daanyangalkkum 3,195 dunam thottangalkkum jalasechanam nadatthi, 14 dunam nirmmitha mekhalakalaayi tharamthirichu.
1948leeii palasteen yuddham.
1948 epril 1 nuu haganayude aakramanathmakamaaya "mivtsa hametts" (ooppareshan hametts) samayat 1948 arab-israel yudhathinu munbulla aazhchakalil bait dajan graamam janavasam illaathaakki. bait dajan ulppede jafaykku kizhakkulla oru koottam graamangalkkethire eee ooppareshan nadannu. thayyaareduppukal anusarichu, "liddayilekkulla [jootha shakthikalkk] vazhi thurakkuka" ennathaayirunnu lakshyam. graamavaasikalkk nalkaanulla perumaattathekkurichu vyakthamaaya paraamarsamonnum undaayirunnillengilum, "pradesham vrithiyaakkunnathine" ["tihur hasheta"] kurichaanu utharavu paraamarshichathu. anthima ooppareshan oordaril ingane prasthaavichu "keezhadakkiya sthalangalile sivilian nivaasikale aayudhangalkkaayi thirachilinushesham pookaan anuvadikkum."epril 30nuu bait dajanile nivaasikal poyathaayum iraakhi kramarahitar graamathilekku thamasam mariyathaayum report cheyyappettu.
1948 juuninum joolaiykkum idayil joseph veytsinte neethrthwathil israayelinte aadya transfer kammitti nashippicha ettu gramangalil onnaayirunnu bait dajan. 1948 juun 16 nuu, david benn-guriyon, theerchayaayum veytsil ninnulla oru purogathi reportine adisthaanamaakki, avar nashippicha palasteen graamangalilonnayi bait dajane paraamarshichu. 1948 septambar 23nuu general avner israayelilekkulla puthiya jootha kudiyettakkaarkku (olam) punaradhivaasathinu anuyojyamaaya graamamaayi bait dajane namakaranam cheythu.
israel.
yudhathethudarnnu eee pradesham israel samsthaanathil ulppeduthi. bait dagan (keezhadakki aarumasam kazhinju sthaapithamaayathu), mishmer hashiva (1949), hemed (1950), ganot (1953) ennee naalu gramangal pinneedu bait daajante udamasthathayilulla bhoomiyil sthaapikkappettu.
palasteen charitrakaaranaaya valid khaalidi 1992-ll eee graamathe ingane vivarichu "niravadhi veedukal avasheshikkunnu; chilath vijanamaan, mattullava jootha kudumbangal kaivashappeduthiyittundu, allengil kadakalaayo oafees kettidangalaayo warehouseukalaayo upayogikkunnu. avar vividha vasthuvidyaa savisheshathakal pradarshippikkunnu. konkreett kondu nirmmicha oru janavaasamulla veedinu chathuraakrithiyilulla plan, paranna melkoora, chathuraakrithiyilulla munvashathe janalakal, rund kamaanamulla vashathe janalakal ennivayundu. mattonn elii kohen sinagogayi parivartthanam cheythu; ithu konkreett kondu nirmmichathaanu, ithinu paranna melkkoora vrithaakrithiyilulla munvashathe vaathilum janalumundu. davidinte nakshathrangal athinte munvashathe vaathililum oru garej vaathilayum chithreekarichirikkunnu. vijanamaaya veedukalilonnu konkreett kondu nirmmichathum oru gable, tyle melkkoora undu, athu takarkkaan thudangunnu; mattullava adachu kuttichedikaludeyum kalakaludeyum idayil nilkkunnu. kattaar vaazhayum cypresses athippazhavum eentappanayum eee sthalathu valarunnu. sameepathulla bhoomi israelikalaanu krishi cheiyunnathu."
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
1596-leeii aadyakaala automan bharanakaalathu bait daajanil 633 nivaasikalundaayirunnu. 1922leeii britiish maandett sensus prakaram graamatthil 1,714 nivaasikalundaayirunnu, 1931ll athu 2,664 aayi uyarnnu. kazhinja varsham 591 veedukalundaayirunnu. 1945leeii bhoomi, janasamkhya sarveyil saami hadavi 3,840 arab nivaasikale kanakkakki. naalam noottaand muthal patthaam noottaand vare samarittanmaar bait dajan janasamkhyayullavaraayirunnu. 1945ll bhooribhaagam nivaasikalum musleengalaayirunnuvenku 130 peradangunna oru kristhyan samoohavum graamatthil nilaninnirunnu. 1998ll 27,355 peraanu palasteen abhayaarthikal.
samskaaram.
philipp jeey. 1893-ll baldensperger ingane abhiprayappettu "beett dejaanil njaan veedukal alankarichirikkunna thaazhepparayunna adayaalangalo rekhaachithrangalo pakarthi. veettile sthree saadhaaranayaayi avaykku vaitt vaash peyint cheiyunnu. enikku thaazhepparayunna ardham nalkki " 
"avar palappozhum vaathilukalil kaikal achadikkukayum, svanthamaayi vaitt vaashil mukki vathilil amarthukayum cheiyunnu. avar palappozhum virunnukalil mylanchi kondu makam allengil villinte vaathil posttukal adayaalappeduthunnu." 
jaafa pradeshathe ettavum sambannaraaya samudaayangalil oralaayi ariyappettirunna bait dajan avarude enbroideriesukal ettavum kalaparamaayavayil pettavayaanennu reportund. neythu, embroidery ennivayude kendramaaya ithu chuttumulla mattu pala gramangalilum pattanangalilum swaadheenam chelutthi. baith daajanil ninnulla vasthrangal avayude vaividhyamaarnna saankethikavidyakalkku perukettathaanu, avayil palathum mattu praadeshika shailikalil ninnu sweekarikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu.
embroideric purame paachu varkkum apple seekvinukalum upayogichu ramalla shailiyil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda velutha linan vasthrangal janapriyamaayirunnu. praadeshikamaayi valarunna ooranchu marangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathayi karuthappedunna oru pushpa maathrkayaaya "nafnuf" roopakalppanayaayirunnu oru pradhana aakarshanam. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham "shaakhakal" ("erc") ennariyappedunna neelamulla paanalukalilulla vasthrangalkk thaazhe kayar nirmmaanamaayi "nafnuf" roopakalppana parinamichu. innu vividha pradeshangalile palasteen sthreekal dharikkunna "6 branch" shailiyilulla vasthrangalude mungamiyaayirunnu eee "erc" shaili. 1920kalil bethlahemil ninnulla maneh hasboon enna sthree avarude sahodaran avide kurachu ooranchu thoppukal vaangiyathin sesham bait dajaanil thamasikkaan vannu. bethlahem shailiyude praadeshika anukaranamaaya "rashek" (pattukond kattilil) embroidery shaili avar avatharippichu.
bait dajanil upayogikkunna "jillaaye" (vivaha vasthrangalkulla embroidery cheytha outtar dresses) ramallayude vasthrangalumayi valare saamyamullathaayirunnu. alankaarathilum embroideryilum aayirunnu vyathyasam. rund trikonangal, kannaadi mukhamulla, avaykkidayil oru embroidery varayo allaatheyo, arikukalil vipareeta cypressukalo ulla oru rooparekhayaayirikkum bait dajanu saadhaaranamaayath. bait dajanil ninnulla oru "jillaaye" (c. 1920) britiish myoosiyathil pradharshippichirikkunnu. kinattilekku pogunnathu' ennariyappedunna ghoshayaatrayaaya vivaha vaara aakhoshangalude avasana chadangukalil vadhu eee vasthram dharikkumenn adikkurippil parayunnu. graamatthile ellah sthreekalum avarude ettavum mikacha vasthrathil, vadhuvum kinattil pooyi kinattinte rakshaadhikaariyk oru tray madhurapalahaarangal sammanikkukayum avalude veedinu bhagyam urappakkaan avalude kudatthil vellam niraykkukayum cheyyum. bait daajanil ninnulla niravadhi enangalum chuttumulla pradesham amerikkayile saanta feyile museum oof internaashanal phokku art (moifa) shekharathilundu. 
kalaparamaaya praathinidyangal.
palasteen kalakaaranaaya sliman mansoor thante oru paintinginte vishayam bait dajan aakki. 1988ll addeham nirmmicha nasippikkappetta palasteen graamangalekkurichulla naalu parambarakalil onnaayirunnu graamatthinte perilulla eee kruthi; mattullava yaalo, imvas, yibna ennivayaanu.

