
vaakvam permittivitti

saadhaarana soochippikkunna vaakvam permittivitti ("epsiloon nottu" allengil "epsiloon seero" ennu ucharikkappedunnu), classical vaakvam ennathinte samboornna dialectric permittivittiyude moolyamaanu. swathanthrasthaanathinte permittivitti, vaidyutha sthiraangam allengil vaakvam vitharanam cheytha kappaasittans ennum ithine paraamarshikkaam. ithu oru anuyojyamaaya (adisthaana) bhauthika sthiraankamaanu. athinte kodaatta moolyam ithaanu
vaidyutha chaarjukalodu prathikarikkunna oru vaidyutha mandalatthinte saandrata ethratholam "anuvadaneeyamaanu" ennathinte alavaanith, koodaathe vaidyutha chaarjinulla unitukale dairkhyam, balam thudangiya mechanical alavukalumayi bandhappeduthunnu. udaaharanathinu, golaakrithiyilulla samamithiyulla (classical vaidyuthakaanthikathayude shoonyathayil) rund verthiricha vaidyutha chaarjukal thammilulla shakti koolombinte niyamathaal nalkunnu
ivide, "q" 1 umm "q" 2 umm chaarjukalaan, "r" ennathu avayude kendrangal thammilulla dooramaanu, koodaathe sthiramaaya bhinnasankhya formula _ 2 (coolomb sthiraangam ennariyappedunnu, "k" e) yude moolyam ekadesham 9 × 109 n  ωm2 ωc−2 aanu. athupole, "ε" 0 maxwellinte samavakyangalil prathyakshappedunnu, ithu vaidyutha, kanthika mandalangaludeyum vaidyuthakaanthika vikiranathinteyum gunangale vivarikkukayum avaye avayude uravidangalumaayi bandhappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. electrical enchineeyaringil, vividha dialectric vasthukkalude permittivitti alakkunnathinulla oru unitaayi "ε" 0 thanne upayogikkunnu.
moolyam.
ε" 0-nte moolyam soothravaakyam "nirvachichirikkunnu
ivide "sii" ennathu sii yoonittukalile classical vaakvam prakaashatthinte vegathayude nirvachikkapetta moolyamaanu, koodaathe "emm. yuu" 0 ennathu anthaaraashtra staanderd oorganaiseshanukal "magnetic konsttant" ennu vilikkunna paaraameteraanu (saadhaaranayaayi vaakvam permiability allengil free spacinte permiability ennu vilikkunnu). " "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" 
vaidyutha sthiraankamaaya "ε" 0-nte charitraparamaaya uthbhavavum athinte moolyavum chuvade kooduthal vishadamaayi vishadeekarichirikkunnu.
sii yoonittukalude punarnirvacanam.
vaakvam electric permittivittikk inii muthal sii. aii yoonittukalil krithyamaayi nirnnayikkappetta moolyamillaathathinaal 2019 meyy 20 muthal praadhamika chaarjine koolombukalude krithyamaaya ennamaayi nirvachichukondu aambiyarine punarnirvachichu. electron chaarjinte moolyam alakkaatha oru samkhyaaparamaaya alavayi maari, ithu "μ" 0 neey alakkunna alavaakki maattunnu. thathfalamaayi, "ε" 0 krithyamalla. munbatheppole, ithu samavakyathaal nirvachikkappedunnu, angane nirnnayikkunnath "μ" 0 nte moolyamaanu, kanthika vaakvam paragamyatha, ithu pareekshanaathmakamaayi nirnnayikkappedunna alavillaatha phine-structure sthiraankamaaya "α" nirnnayikkunnu
e" praadhamika charge aayirikkukayum "h" plank sthiraankamaayirikkukayum "c" shoonyathayile prakaashatthinte vegathayaayirikkukayum cheiyunnu, oronninum krithyamaayi nirvachikkapetta moolyangalundu. athinaal "ε" 0-nte moolyathile aapekshika anishchithathvam alavillaatha phine-structure sthiraankathinu thulyamaanu, athaayath 
padavali.
charitraparamaayi, "ε" 0 enna paaraameettar pala perukalil ariyappedunnu. vaakvam permittivitti" allengil "vaakvam inn/oof permittivitti", "shoonyamaaya sthalathinte permittivitti" allengil "swatantra sthalathinte permittivitti" thudangiya padangal vyaapakamaanu. lokamembaadumulla staanderd oorganaiseshanukal ippol eee alavinu oru ekeekritha padamaayi "electric konsttant" upayogikkunnu, audyogika staanderd rekhakal eee padam sweekarichu (ennirunnaalum avar pazhaya padangale paryaayapadangalaayi pattikappeduthunnathu thudarunnu).
mattoru charitraparamaaya paryayam "vaakvam dialectric sthiraangam" aayirunnu, kaaranam munkaalangalil "dialectric sthiraangam" chilappol kevala permittivittikk upayogichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, aadhunika upayogathil "dialectric sthiraangam" saadhaaranayaayi oru aapekshika permittivitti "ε"/"ε" 0 neey maathram soochippikkunnu, eee upayogam polum aapekshika staatik permittivittikk anukoolamaayi chila staanderd bodikal "kaalaharanappettathayi" kanakkakkunnu. athinaal, vaidyutha sthiraankamaaya "ε" 0-nte "dialectric sthiraangam" enna padam mikka aadhunika rachayithaakkalum kaalaharanappettathayi kanakkakkunnu, ennirunnaalum thudarchayaaya upayogathinte edaykkideyulla udaaharanagal kandethanakum.
notteshane sambandhichidatholam, epsiloon aksharatthinte pothuvaaya glifukalilonnu upayogichu sthiraankathe "ε" 0 allengil "0" ennu soochippikkaam.
ε" 0 enna paaraamettarinte charitraparamaaya uthbhavam.
mukalil soochippichathupole, "ε" 0 enna paaraameettar oru alaveduppu-sisttam sthiraankamaanu. vaidyuthakaanthika alavukal nirvachikkaan ippol upayogikkunna samavakyangalil athinte saannidhyam chuvade vivarichirikkunna "yukthisahamaakkal" prakriyayude falamaanu. ennaal athinu oru moolyam anuvadikkunna reethi swatantra sthalathu vaidyuthakaanthika tharamgangal prakaashatthinte vegathayode neengunnuvennu maxwellinte samavaakyangal pravachikkunna phalatthinte anantharafalamaanu. enthukondaanu "ε" 0 nuu moolyam ullathennu manasilakkaan charithrathekkurichu oru hrasvamaaya dhaarana aavasyamaanu.
yoonittukalude yukthisahamaakkal.
koolombinteyum mattullavarudeyum pareekshanangal kaanikkunnath, swatantra sthalathu "r" akale sthithicheyyunna vaidyuthiyude rund, thulya, pooyint polulla "alavukal" thammilulla balam "f" enna formula nalkanam ennaanu.
ivide "q" ennathu rund pooyintukalilum ulla vaidyuthiyude alavine prathinidheekarikkunna oru alavaanu, koodaathe "k" e ennathu coolomb sthiraankamaanu. oraal parimithikalillaathe aarambhikkukayaanenkil, "k" e-yude moolyam ekapaksheeyamaayi thiranjedukkaam. k" e-yude oro vyathyastha thiranjeduppinum "q"-nte vyathyasthamaaya "vyaakhyaanam" undu ashayakkuzhappam ozhivakkaan, oro vyathyastha "vyaakhyaanathinum" oru vyathirikthamaya perum chihnavum nalkendathundu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil amgeekaricha samavaakyangaludeyum unitukaludeyum oru samvidaanathil, "centimeter-gram-second electrostaattik sisttam oof unitukal" (sii. jii. ezz. iii. ezz. yuu sisttam) ennu vilikkappedunna, sthiratha "keey" iii 1 nuu thulyamaayi edukkukayum ippol "gausiyan electric charge" ennu vilikkappedunna alavu "kyu" ezz "nirvachikkappedukayum cheythathinte falamaayundaakunna samavaakyam aanu.
gausiyan chaarjinte unitaaya staatkolomb, rund unitukal, 1 centimeter akale, sii. jii. ezz yoonit oof fozhsinu thulyamaaya oru fozhsu upayogichu parasparam pinthirippikkunnathaanu. athinaal, gausiyan chaarjinte yoonit 1/2 centimeter ennu ezhuthaam. "gausiyan electric charge" ennathu aadhunika (emm. keey. ezz, thudarnnu sii. aii) electric chaarjinte athe ganitha alavalla, ithu koolombukalil alakkunnilla.
golaakrithiyilulla jyaamithiyude saahacharyangalil coolomb niyamam polulla samavakyangalil 4π enna ghadakam ulppeduthukayum athu eee roopathil ezhuthukayum cheiyunnathaanu nallathennu ashayam pinneedu vikasichu
eee ashayathe "yukthisahamaakkal" ennu vilikkunnu. q" s′, "k" e′ ennee alavukal pazhaya kanvenshanile alavukalkku thulyamalla. putting vyathyastha valippathilulla oru yoonit vaidyuthi uthppaadippikkunnu, pakshe ithinu ippozhum cgs esu sisttathinte athe alavukalundu.
vaidyuthiyude alavu" prathinidheekarikkunna alavu "q" enna chinnathal soochippikkunna oru adisthaana alavayi kanakkaakkukayum koolombinte niyamam athinte aadhunika roopathil ezhuthukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu adutha ghattam
angane srishtikkappedunna samavaakyangalude samvidaanathe yukthisahamaya meter-kilogram-second (rmks) samavaakya samvidaanam allengil "meter-kilogram-second-ampere (emxa)" samavaakya samvidaanam ennu vilikkunnu. sii unitukale nirvachikkaan upayogikkunna samvidaanamaanithu. puthiya alavu "q" nuu "rmks electric charge" allengil (ippol) "electric charge" ennu peru nalkiyittundu. pazhaya sii. jii. ezz. iii. ezz. yuu. sanbradaayathil upayogikkunna "q"-kalude alavu puthiya alavaaya "q"-maayi bandhappettirikkunnu
ε" 0-nte moolyam nirnnayikkuka.
nyoottanukalil balam alakkaanum meterukalil dooram alakkaanum enchineeyarmaarude praayogika unitaaya coolombil charge alakkaanum oraal aagrahikkunna aavasyakatha ippol kootticherkkunnu, ithu oru aambiyarinte vaidyuthadhaara ozhukumbol shekharicha charge aayi nirvachikkappedunnu. ithu kaanikkunnath "ε" 0 enna paaraameettarin c2           n − 1     m − 2 yoonit (allengil thathulyamaaya unitukal-praayogikamaayi "meterinu faaradukal") anuvadikkanam ennaanu.
ε" 0-nte samkhyaa moolyam sthaapikkunnathinu, oraal coolomb niyamathinteyum aambiyarinte fozhsu niyamathinteyum (mattu ashayangalum) yukthisahamaya roopangal upayogichu maxwellinte samavaakyangal vikasippikkukayaanenkil, mukalil paranja bandham "ε" 0 "," μ "0", "c" 0 "ennivaykkidayil nilanilkkunnathayi kandethunnu. thathwathil, coolumb allengil aambiyarine vaidyuthiyudeyum kaanthikathayudeyum adisthaana unitaano ennu theerumaanikkaan oraalkk oopshan undu. ampere upayogikkaan anthaaraashtra thalatthil theerumaanamedutthu. ithinartham mukalil paranjathupole "c" 0, "μ" 0 ennivayude moolyangalaanu "ε" 0-nte moolyam nirnnayikkunnath. " "" "0" "nte moolyam engane theerumaanikkappedunnu ennathinekkurichulla oru hraswa vishadeekaranathinu," "vaakvam permiability" kaanuka ".
yadhaartha maadhyamangalude anumathi.
vaidyutha mandalam e, maadhyamathinte classical electrical polaraiseshan density p ennivayude adisthaanathil vaidyutha sthaanachalana mandalam d nirvachikkunna bandhatthil vaidyutha sthiraangam "ε" 0 prathyakshappedunnu. pothuve, eee bandhathinu thaazhepparayunna roopamunda
oru leanier dialectricine sambandhichidatholam, p ennathu e-nuu aanupaathikamaanennu anumaanikkappedunnu, ennaal kaalathamasam varuthiya prathikaranavum praadeshikamallaatha prathikaranavum anuvadaneeyamaanu, athinaal oraalkku
praadeshikathayillaathathum prathikaranatthinte kaalathamasavum pradhaanamallaatha saahacharyathil, phalam ithaanu
ivide "ε" ennathu permittivityum "ε" r ennathu relative staatik permittivityum aanu. classical vaidyuthakaanthikathayude shoonyathayil, dhruveekaranam, angane.

