fabber-jaaksan bandham

fabber-jaaksan bandham deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla thaaraapathatthinte luminosity formula _ 1 umm central stellar velosity dispersion formula _ 2 umm thammilulla aadyathe anubhavaparamaya power-loow bandham nalki, ithu jyothishaasthranjaraaya sandra emm avatharippichu. 1976ll faber roobert erl jaxon thammilulla bandham ganithashaasthraparamaayi ingane prakadippikkaam
soochika soothravaakyam _ 4 ekadesham 4 nuu thulyamaanu. 
1962ll rudolph mingovsky "vegathayude vyaapanavum [prakashavum] thammilulla parasparabandham nilavilundenkilum athu moshamaan" ennum "nireekshanangal kooduthal vasthukkalilekku, prathyekichu thaazhnnathum idatharavumaaya kevala vyapthiyil vyaapippikkendathu pradhaanamaanennu thonnunnu" ennum kandethukayum ezhuthukayum cheythirunnu. ithu pradhanamaayirunnu, kaaranam formula _ 4-nte moolyam gadippichirikkunna galaxy prakaashatthinte sreniye aasrayichirikkunnu, rogger davisinte neethrthwathilulla oru team kandethiya kuranja prakashamulla deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla thaaraapathangalkku 2 enna moolyavum pooll ell report cheytha 5 enna moolyavum undu. prakashikkunna deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla thaaraapathangalkkulla sketcher. 
deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla thaaraapathangalude adisthaana thalatthinte oru prakshepanamaayaanu fabber-jaaksan bandham manassilaakkunnath. baahya thaaraapathangalilekkulla dooram nirnnayikkunnathinulla oru upakaranamenna nilayil ithinte pradhana upayogangalilonnaan.
sidhaantham.
radius formula _ 6, maas formula _ 7 ennivayude pindavitharanatthinte guruthwaakarshanasheshi eee padaprayogam nalkunnu
ivide e-yeei aashrayich α oru sthiraankamaanu.jii. sisttathinte saandrata profile g ennathu guruthwaakarshana sthiraankamaanu. sthiramaaya saandrathaykku, soothravaakyam _ 9
gathikorjjam iprakaaramaanu
(oormmappeduthal soothravaakyam _ 2 ennathu 1-dimensional velosity dispersionaanu. athinaal, vairal sidhaanthathil (formula 13) ninnulla formula _ 12.) athu pinthudarunnu.
pindove prakasha anupaathavum, soothravaakyam _ 15, sthiramaanennu nammal anumaanikkukayaanenkil, e.jii. formula _ 16 umm formula _ 6 umm formula _ 18 umm thammilulla bandham nedaan namukk ithum melpparanja padaprayogavum upayogikkaam
namukk uparithala thelicham, formula _ 20 avatharippikkukayum ithu oru sthiraankamaanennu anumaanikkukayum cheyyaam. 
(adisthaana saidhaanthika veekshanakonil ninnu, ithu thikachum nyaayeekarikkaanaavaatha anumaanamaan)
ithu upayogikkukayum formula _ 6 umm formula _ 1 umm thammilulla bandhavumaayi samyojippikkukayum cheythaal, ithu falamaayi
melpparanja padaprayogam maattiyezhuthunnathiloode, prakashavum vegathayum thammilulla bandham namukk oduvil labikkum
athu
valia thaaraapathangal samaroopamaaya layanathil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath, mangiya thaaraapathangal decypationil ninnaan undaakunnath ennathinaal, sthiramaaya uparithala thelichathinte anumaanathe inii pinthunaykkaan kazhiyilla. anubhavaparamayi, uparithala prakasham ekadesham _ 27 enna soothravaakyathil oru kodumnira pradarshippikkunnu. puthukkiya bandham pinneedu maarunnu.
kuranja valippamulla thaaraapathangalkku,
kooduthal valuth. eee parishkaricha soothravaakyangal upayogichu, adisthaana thalam parasparam 11 digri charinja rund thalangalayi vibhajikkunnu.
onnaam raankilulla klasttar thaaraapathangalkku polum sthiramaaya uparithala thelicham illa. sthiramaaya uparithala prakaashatthe pinthunaykkunna oru avakaashavaadam jyothishaasthranjanaaya allen aarr avatharippichu. 1972-leeii sandej moonnu yukthisahamaya vaadangaleyum swantham anubhavaparamaya vivarangaleyum adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. 1975-ll, oro yukthisahamaya vaadangalum thettaanennum onnaam raankilulla klasttar thaaraapathangal ekadesham pakuthi vyaapthiyude staanderd vyathiyaanam prakadippichuvennum donald goodes kaanichu.
thaaraapathangalilekkulla dooram kanakkaakkuka.
tilly-fisher bandham pole, fabber-jaaksan bandham oru gaalaxiyilekkulla dooram kanakkakkaanulla oru maarggam nalkunnu, allengil athu nedaan prayaasamaan, athu galaxy kooduthal eluppathil nireekshikkaavunna gunangalumayi bandhappeduthunnu. deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla thaaraapathangalude kaaryatthil, nakshathrangal purappeduvikkunna prakaashatthinte doppler shift alakkaan spectroscopy upayogichu thaarathamyena eluppathil cheyyaan kazhiyunna kendra nakshathravegathayude vyaapanam alakkaan oraalkk kazhiyumenkil, fabber-jaaksan bandhatthiloode thaaraapathatthinte yadhaartha prakaashatthinte kanakk nedaan kazhiyum. ithu galaxy prathyaksha vyapthiyumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyaam, ithu dhoora modulasinteyum gaalaxiyilekkulla doorathinteyum oru kanakk nalkunnu.
oru galaxy kendra vegathayude vyaapanavum athinte kendra uparithala thelichathinteyum aaram paaraameettarinteyum alavukalum samyojippikkunnathiloode, galaxy dooratthinte kanakk kooduthal mechappeduthaan kazhiyum. 1991ll goodehaz aavishkaricha eee staanderd alavukol, allengil "reduced galaxian radius-paaraameettar" enna formula _ 30, chittayaya pakshapaathamillathe ekadesham 31 sathamaanam vare dooram nalkaan kazhiyum.

