
shitavo

ming raajavamshathile saamraajyathva vamshathil suu ruji (shh) enna peril janicha shitavo allengil shhii thavo (1642-1707), aadyakaala king raajavamshathile oru chainees buddhasanyasi, calligrapher, landscape painter ennivayaayirunnu.
gwangsey pravishyayile kwaanshou kaundiyil janicha shitavo, suu yuvaanshaanginte mootha sahodarante pingamiyaaya raajakudumbathile amgamaayirunnu. 1644ll ming rajavamsham maanchukalkkum aabhyanthara kalaapathinum irayaayappol addeham durantham cheruthaayi ozhivaakki. thante vamshavali thanne ealppicha vidhiyil ninnu aakasmikamaayi rakshapetta addeham 1651ll oru buddha sanyaasiyaayappol yuvanji shitavo enna peru sweekarichu.
1660kalil addeham thante mathaparamaya prabodhanam aarambhicha vuchaangil ninnu anhuiyilekku maari. 1680kaliludaneelam addeham nanjingle yaangshouvilum thaamasichu, 1690-ll sanyasi sanbradaayathinullil thante sthaanakkayattathinu rakshaakarthruthvam kandethunnathinayi addeham baijingilekku maari. oru rakshaadhikaariye kandethaathathil niraasanaaya shitavo 1693-ll daavoyisathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum 1707-ll marikkunnathuvare avide thudarnna yaangshouvilekku madangukayum cheythu. addehathinte avasana varshangalil, kangsi chakravarty yaangshou sandarshikkumbol addeham addehathe abhivaadyam cheythathayi parayappedunnu.
perukal.
shitavo thante jeevithathil rund dasaniladhikam maryada perukal upayogichu. badaa shannerene eshtappedunnathum vyathyasthavumaya addehathinte kudumbacharithrathodulla vikarangal ithil ninnu aazhathil anubhavikkan kazhiyum.
ettavum saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna perukalil shitavo (kallu tharamgam-<unk>), davoji (<unk>; thavo-chii), kugwa heshang (kayperiya churaykka sanyasi-<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>), yuwan jii (rakshayude uthbhavam-<unk> <unk> <unk>), siyaa sunshe (manyanaaya andhan-<unk> <unk> <unk>, laukika aagrahangalkk andhan), dissy (shudheekarichavan-δ <unk> <unk> <unk>) ennivayaayirunnu.
oru budhamatha parivartthakan enna nilayil addeham yuwan jii (<unk>) enna sanyasinaamathilum ariyappettirunnu.
shitavo thante budhamatham upekshichu daavoyisathilekku maariyappol dissy edukkappettu. yaangshouvile (daa dii haal-δι τρ) thante veedinu addeham upayogicha peru koodiyaayirunnu ithu.
kala.
aadya kwing varshangalile ettavum prashasthamaaya vyakthivaada chithrakaaranmaaril oraalaan shitavo. akkaalathe soundaryashaasthrathe nirnnayikkunna karsanamaayi krodeekaricha saankethikavidyakaludeyum shailikaludeyum lamghanangalil addeham srishticha kala viplavakaramaayirunnu. anukaranatthe puthumayekkaal vilamathichirunnu, shitavo addehathinte mungaamikal (nii saan, lii yong) vyakthamaayi swaadheenichirunnuvenkum, addehathinte kala puthiyathum aakarshakavumaya niravadhi vazhikalil avarumaayi vidaparayunnu.
vaashukalum boold, impressionistic brushstrokkukalum upayogichukondu painting pravarthanatthilekku shradha aakarshikkunnathum aathmanishtamaaya kazhchappadilulla thaalpparyavum dooram nirddeshikkaan negatteevu allengil vaitt space upayogikkunnathum thithreekaranatthile addehathinte aupachaarika puthumakalil ulppedunnu. shhii thaavoyude stailistik puthumakal aaa kaalaghattatthinte pashchaathalatthil sthaapikkaan prayaasamaan. 1686-leeii oru colophonil shitavo ezhuthi "chitrakalayil, thekk, vadakku schoolukalum calligraphy, rund vaangukalude reethikalum (wang sishiyum addehathinte makan wang sianshiyum) undu. shang rong (443-497) orikkal abhiprayappettu, 'rund vaangukalude reethikal njaan pankidunnilla ennathil njaan khedikkunnilla, marichu rund vaangukalum ente reethikal pankidunnilla.'njaan [shitavo] thekke schooline pinthudarunnundo atho vadakkan schoolaano enne pinthudarunnathu ennu aarenkilum chodichaal, njaan wier pidichu chirikkukayum marupadi nalkukayum cheiyunnu,' njaan ellaayppozhum ente swantham reethi upayogikkunnu!'"
sanyasi kayperiya churaykkayil (kugua heshang) ninnulla chithrakalayekkurichulla vaakkukal" ulppede niravadhi saidhaanthika kruthikal shitavo rachichu. thante ellah chithrakalakaludeyum moolamaayi "single brush strock" allengil "primordial line" upayogikkunnathine addeham aavarthichu oonnipparanju. thante chithrakalayude nerttha paaparekhakalil addeham eee ashayam upayogikkunnu. addehathinte kruthikalile valia shoonyamaaya pradeshangalum addehathinte athulyamaaya sailiye verthirichariyaan sahayikkunnu. eee ashayangal aavarthikkukayum vyakthamaakkukayum cheiyunna "huvaayu luu" (chithrakalayekkurichulla charchakalude raundu) enna lekhanavum kavithaye chithrakalayumaayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnathum mattu pradhana rachanakalil ulppedunnu. vaakkukalude upayogamillaathe chaan budhamathathinte sandesham kaimaran peyint upayogikkaan addeham lakshyamittu.
addehathinte bhooprakrithiyodoppamulla kavithakalum calligraphy avar poortthiyaakkunna paintingukal pole thanne manoharavum aadaramillaathathum thelichamullathumaanu. addehathinte paintingukal saahithyavidagdhan allengil pandita-amachwar kalakarante aantharika vairudhyangalkkum pirimurukkangalkkum udaaharanamaanu, avaa kalaa-charitra vishudheekaranathinethiraaya oru soochakamaayi vyaakhyaanikkappettindu.
10, 000 vrithiketta mashi blottukal.
10,000 vrithiketta mashi blottukal" shitaavoyude attimarikkunnathum virodhaabhaasavumaaya soundarya thathwangalude mikacha udaaharanamaanu. eee savisheshamaaya grahanaseelamaaya jolie soundaryathinte amgeekritha maanadandangale velluvilikkunnu. shradhaapoorvvam varacha bhooprakrithi jaaksan pollock-escue splaattarukalaayi adhapathikkunnathinaal, painting thudakkathil uddeshichathupole suthaaryamallenn thirichariyaan kaazhchakkaaran nirbandhithanaakunnu (udanadi, maadhyamangalillaatha ettavum aksharaarthatthil ardham). vrithiketta" ennu mudrakuthappettathinaal mashi kuthukal orutharam amoortha soundaryam sweekarikkaan thudangunnu.
kinhuvaayiyude oormmakal.
kinhuvaayiyude oormmakal" shitaavoyude savisheshamaaya paintingukalil onnaanu. avasaanathe ming raajavamshathil ninnulla pala chithrangalum aadyakaala manchooriyan paramadhikaaravum pole ithu prakrithiyil manushyante sthaanathe kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, aadya kaazhchayil, eee paintingile parukkan kodumudi oru paridhivare valachodichathaayi thonnunnu. eee paintingine ithra savisheshamaakkunnath parvathatthe vanangunnathayi chithreekarikkunnu ennathaanu. kiinn-huvaay nadiyil pongikkidakkunna oru boatil oru sanyasi shaanthamaayi nilkkunnu, jeanflecting kallu bheemane prashamsichukondu. manushyan prakrithiyum thammil sanjarikkunna bahumaanatthinte sambadvyavastha ivide sarriyalisam allengil maanthrika yaadhaarthyabodhathe anusmarippikkunna oru sankeernamaaya shailiyil paryavekshanam cheyyappedunnu, athu asambandhangalude athirthiyilaanu. 1680kalil shitavo thanne nadhiyum chuttumulla pradeshangalum sandarshichirunnuvenkilum eee painting adangiya aalbam prathyeka sthalangal chithreekarikkunnundo ennu ariyilla. eee paintingil chithreekarichirikkunna paraspara bahumaanatthinte vikaaram ashayavinimayam nadathaanulla eaka maarggam punar-avatharanamaanu; oru vyakthiparam parvathatthinte vishayam lalithamaaya enthineyum dhikkarikkunnu. thante paarambaryatthe shakthippeduthiya "naanjinginte oormmakal" ulppede mattu "oormmakal" shitavo eee shailiyil varachu.

