bii-dayanst

randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbum sheshavum shathruvine, prathyekichu britiish radio aashayavinimayangale, thadayukayum record cheyyukayum decode cheyyukayum vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheiyunna okmminte jarmman naavika rahasyaanveshana sevanathinte (mnd III) oru vakuppaayirunnu bii-diyanst (, nireekshana sevanam), x "bii-diyanst, x-" bii-diyanst, χ "bii-diyanst" ennum ariyappedunnu. bii-diyanst shathruvinteyum nishpaksha samsthaanangaludeyum sandesha traafikkinteyum "kreegsmarine" pradhana prakriyakaludeyum yanthrangaludeyum suraksha niyanthranathinteyum cryptanalysis, desifering (decrypting) ennivayil pravarthichu.
1940 leeii vasanthakaalath norwayileyum francileyum yudhangalil vermact ooppareshanukal roopappeduthunnathil bii-diyanst pradhana pankuvahichu, praadhamikamaayi adyakaalavum surakshithamallathathumaya britiish naavika saifarukalkkethire nediya cryptanalysis vijayangal kaaranam.
bii-diyanst britiish naavika samyuktha saifar nambar thakarthu. 1941 octoberil, naavika udyogasthar thammilulla ellah ashayavinimayangalum encrypt cheyyaan upayogichirunna ithu, sakhyakakshikalaya vadakkan atlaantik kappalukalkkayi upayogichu. atlaantik yudhathil jarmman naavikasenaykku vilapetta signal intelligence nalkaan ithu bii-diyansttine praapthamakki. naavikasenaavibhagam naavika siffer nambar avatharippichathode rahasyaanveshana pravartthanam erekkure avasaanichu. 1943 juun juun 5. puthiya siffer 1944 januvariyil stensil sub tractor samvidaanam avatharippichathode surakshithamaayi.
pashchaathalam.
1918ll onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathode jarmman saamraajyathinte naavikasenayude bhaagamaayi jarmman radio monittaring sarvees allengil vidyaabhyaasa, warta vishakalana sevanam (bii-diyanst yoonit) aarambhichu.
britiish bhaagathe bii sarveesinte prathiroopam vaii-sarvees allengil "vaii sarvees" aayirunnu. jarmman sevanathinte bii initialinu samaanamaayi wireless enna vaakkinte prarambha aksharathinu onomatopoic aayirunnu vaii.
bii-dayanst vibhaagathinte aantharika samghadanayekkurichum pravarthanangalekkurichum purathu valare kurachu maathrame ariyaamaayirunnulloo. italiyude vedinirthalinu sesham (kaasibilinte vedinirthal), itaaliyan neval communications intalijansile (siim) udyogasthar sakhyakakshikalumayi samsaarichukond, avar bii-diyanstumaayi adutha sahakaranathode pravarthichittundel, bii-diyansttinte pravarthanangalekkuricho aantharika gadanayekkuricho avarkk kaaryamaaya daaranayillennu avare ariyichu, athuvazhi samghadanayude rahasya swabhaavavum athinte phalapradamaaya surakshyum sthireekarikkunnu.
1944 avasaanathode bii-diyanst udyogastharude ennam ekadesham 5000 aayi. bii-diyanst yadhaarthathil ooo. keey. emm.-nte 3 naavika pravartthanangalude () (3/ezz. keey. ell) moonnaam vibhaagamaayi aarambhichu, 2/ezz. keey. ellinte bhaagamaayi, oru divishanilekku uyarnnappol 2/ezz. keey. ellil thudarnnu, praabalyatthil 4/ezz. keey. ellil aayi. saankethikamaayi ithu naavika ashayavinimaya sevana vibhaagathinte radio rahasyaanveshana shaakhayaayirunnu.
1938ll yuddham aarambhikkunnathin munbu, bii-diyanstinu kooduthal sankeernamaaya saifarukalil pravartthikkaan aparyapthamaaya udyogastharundaayirunnu, athinaal pakaram royal nevi administrative codil shradha kendreekarichu, ithu oru subtractor table thayyarakkiya 5 akka kodaayirunnu. 1939 oktobarode, bii-diyanstinu naavika saifaril engleesh deskil jolie cheiyunna 40 oolam purushanmaar undaayirunnu, prathyekichu avarkk thaalpparyamulla mekhalakalil, athaayath.iii. vadakkan kadalum atlaantikkum. norveyilekkulla britiish paryaveshana senayude (norwegian kaambeyn) samayat udyogastharude ennam eathaandu erattiyaayi. 1940 avasaanathode, ennam veendum 150 aayi uyarnnu. sayudha senayude ellah mekhalakalilum ninnu, prathyekichu videsha bhasha vaidagdhyamullavarum aarr aazhchathe hraswa pariseelana kozhsum nalkiyavarumaaya sevana udyogasthare niyamichu. 1942 disambarode engleesh deskil 275 udyogastharum 1943 vasanthakaalathode cryptaanaalistukalum undaayirunnu, ithu ettavum uyarnna nilayilaayirunnu. klaarkkukalum moolyanirnnayakkaarum ulppede, eee ennam ekadesham 1100 aayirunnu. 1942 muthal, purushanmaarude uyarnna aavasyam kaaranam, bii-diyanst vanita cryptographermaare niyamikkaan nirbandhithayaayi. yudhathinte avasaanathode 50 sathamaanam sthreekalum 50 sathamaanam purushanmaarum aayi thozhil vibhajichu.
bii-diyanst samghadana yudhathinte thudakkam muthal avasana maasangal vare 24 manikkoor pravarthichu. moonnu pakalum moonnu vaikunneravum moonnu rathriyum enna kramatthil jolie cheiyunna ettu manikkoor shifttaayirunnu oro vyakthiyudeyum duty sykkilil ulppettirunnathu. oro vaachilum jolie cheiyunna sainika udyogastharude ennam pravartthikkunna kodine aasrayichirunnuvenkilum avasaanam ekadesham 80 perr undaayirunnu. bharanaparamaya aavasyangalkkaayi royal nevi upayogichirunna neval kodine sambandhichidatholam ithu alpam kuravaayirunnu; royal nevi pravartthana aavasyangalkkaayi upayogichirunna neval saifarinu ithu alpam kooduthalaayirunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, bii-diyanst berlinile <aii. dii. 1> tirpitsufarilaayirunnu sthithicheythirunnathu, pinneedu bendlerblock ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu, 1943 desemberil bomb spodanathil avar nagarathinu purathulla oru bankarilekku punasthaapikkappedunnathu, athu bismark enna coode namamullathaayirunnu. freya enna nigoodathayude thaakkoliloode athinte sthaanam creagsmerine ariyichu. 1943-leeii berlin bombakramanam bii-diyanst rekhakalude valia bhagangal nasippikkukayum avayude pravarthanakshamatha ganyamaayi kuraykkukayum berlinil ninnu 50 kilometer vadakkukizhakkaayi sthithicheyyunna eberswaldinaduthulla sengwarden pattanatthilekku marran avare nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. 1945 leeii vasanthakaalath russian munnettam kaaranam avar veendum marran nirbandhitharaayi, aadyam lover saxonyile oru pattanamaya oorichilekkum pinneedu nyoomanstarile intersept steshanilekkum oduvil flensburgile signal skoolilekkum maari. 1945 meyy meyy tikom avare kandethi.
pradhana udyogasthar.
kurt fricay.
naavika yuddha kamaandinte ooppareshans medhaaviyaayirunnu admiral kurt fricke (1889 november 8-1945 meyy 2). nigooda surakshayude pashchaathalatthil "sayudha raider" ennu vilikkappedunna "atlaantis" enna jarmman ooksilari cruiser mungiyathinekkurichu anweshicha pradhana anweshanam kurt fricke nadatthi. britiish gavanment code blechli paarkkile saifar school naavika nigoodathaye vipulamaaya cryptanalysinu vidheyamaakkunna samayat, naavika nigoodatha surakshyum "atlaantisile" muthirnna jeevanakkaarude raajyadrohavum fricke ozhivaakki. jarmman yudhakkappalaaya tirpitsinte mungalum mattu niravadhi mungalukalum frick anweshichu. 1945 meyy desember berlin yudhathil fricke kollappettu.
ludwig stummal.
1940 januvari 1 muthal 1941 juun 15 vare naavika yudhavibhaagathinte group director theoder aarpsinte pingamiyaayi conteradmiral ludwig stammal (1898 august 5-1983 november 30 cronberg imm tounasil) naavika yudhavibhaagathinte group director communications (4/ezz. keey. ell). onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu navikasenayil chernna oru currier signal offeesaraayirunnu ludwig stammal. yudhathinu munnodiyaayi theevramaaya naasikalum katholikkarumaaya addeham, bharanakoodatthinte amithamaya nadapadikal thante mathathe vranappeduthiyathinaal bharanakoodathodu kooduthal kooduthal asamthripthanaayi. bii-diyanst siffer beuro nadathunnathinoppam, naavika nigoodathayum keying nadapadikramangalum vittuveezhcha cheyyaan kazhiyunna saahacharyangal anweshikkukayum uchithamaaya nadapadi sweekarikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu group medhaavikalude utharavaadithangalilonnu. 1941 juun august 1943 meyy august idayil vais admiral erhard mertons (1891 februvari februvari glogauvil-1945 meyy meyy berlinil) eee sthaanam stammalinte udanadi meludyogasthanaakaanulla utharavaaditham etteduthu. ippol rear admiralaayi sthaanakkayattam labhicha ludwig stammal, erhard mertensine pirichuvittappol aaa sthaanam etteduthu. 1943 meyy muthal 1944 august 16 vare group directoraayirunna stammal 1944 august 16 muthal 1945 juulai 22 vare rear admiral fritts cross aayirunnu chumatala.
hains bonats.
jarmman naavika radio intalijansinte thalavan 4/ezz. keey. ell. (, engleesha maraine communications) oof oo. keey. emm. yude group III (radio intelligence, interception, traaphik analysis, cryptanalysis) medhaaviyumaayirunnu kaapittaanlyootnt hains bonats (18 august 1897-1981). oorjjaswalanaaya addeham 1934 februvariyil bii-diyansttil chernnu.
wilhem tran.
bii-diyansttile ettavum pradhanappetta vyakthi muun radio maanum oorjjaswalanaaya cryptologistum engleesh bhasha cryptanalistukaledu thalavanaaya kyapttan wilhem tran aayirunnu. cryptography american sainika charitrakaaranaaya david qaan prasthaavichu
engleesh desk aaya 4/ezz. keey. ell. oo. emm.-leeii group III-nte sekshan II-aii. ephinte chumatala vahichirunna wilhem tran, shatru radio ashayavinimayangal thadayunnathinum aaa shatru kripttukalude vilayiruthalinum shatru kripttukalude roopeekaranathinum utharavaadiyaayirunnu. jarmman radio suraksha prakriyakalude samghadana mattoru pradhana utharavaadithamaayirunnu.
mattu sradheyamaaya udyogasthar.
bii-diyansttile mattu rund pradhana vyakthikal, vijayakaramaya cryptologistukalaayintu, franch meshayude utharavaadithamulla lother frank itaaliyan meshayude pooll augustum aayirunnu.
samghadana.
1944 augustode, okm ulla oru samghadana enna nilayil bii-dayanstinu oru divisionaayi yogyatha nedaan mathiyaya udyogastharundaayirunnu, koodaathe okm-nte 4/scl (ashayavinimayam)-nullil yudhathinte kramam iprakaaramaayirunnu
disha kandethal phalangal, traaphik vishakalanam, thaazhnna grade decoding phalangal enniva ulppede ellah uyarnna grade traffic berlinile 4/ezz. sii. ell. lake forwade cheythu.
1944 august august 1945 juulai juulai idayil conteradimiral cross aanu naavika ashayavinimaya oafees (4/ezz. keey. ell) command cheythath. 4/ezz. keey. ell. thaazhepparayunna reethiyil upavibhagamaayi vibhajikkappettu
pothuvaaya vibhaagam 4/ezz. keey. ell. aii.
central oafees. korvettenkaapittan isad aanu command cheythath. vii. central offeesaaya jensoninu moonnu upavibhaagangalund. kendra vibhaagangalude pravartthanam bharananirvahanathintethaayirnu.
pothuvaaya vibhaagam 4/ezz. keey. ell. II.
radio, vishwal signal, recognission signal sevana vibhaagam. kaapt command cheythu. Z. ezz. lucan
pothuvaaya vibhaagam 4/ezz. keey. ell. III.
communications intelligence () division. kaapt command cheythu. Z. ezz. kuffar.
pravartthanangal.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkathil germmaniyil ithinakam thanne oru naavika rahasyaanveshana sevanam undaayirunnu. 1899-ll sthaapithamaaya ithu valippathilum falapraapthiyilum valarukayum professionalise cheyyukayum yudhakaalathinte avasaanathode (1918-1939) valare phalapradamaaya oru signal intelligence ejansiyaayi maarukayum pathivayi britiish saifarukale thakarkkukayum cheythu.
bhashaaparamaaya uthppaadanam.
okedablyu/chii "vishwasaneeyamaaya reportukal" () (okedablyu/chii bhashaaparamaaya outtputtu) nuu samanamaaya "ex-bii beriche" enna prathivaara bullattinaayirunnu bii-diyansttinte outtputtu.
1944 septambaril italiyil 1944 juun 23-leeii oru bullattin pakarthappedunnathuvare ivayekkurichu valarekkurache ariyaamaayirunnulloo. vivarangal parasparabandhithavum valare dridavum oru nischitha roopathil shradhaapoorvvam krameekarichathumaanennu ariyappettirunnu. 22 koppikal vitharanam cheyyukayum 3 archive aavasyangalkkaayi sookshikkukayum cheytha irupathiyanchu koppikal nirmmichathaayi karuthappettu. yuu. ezz bullattin vitharanathinte pathivinekkaal vitharana pattika valare valuthaayirunnu.
vitharana pattika
avarude uravidamanusarichu rund tharam budhishakthikal nirmikkappettu
pidicheduttha bullattinil "bii", "ex-bii" enniva adangiyirunnu, exby vivarangal pejil black boxukalil frame cheythittundu. bullattinil avatharippicha vivarangalude vyaakhyaanathil undaakunna anishchithathvam ozhivakkaan, "orupakshe" allengil "ekadesham", "anumaanikkuka" ennee vibhagangal soochippikkunna vishwaasyathayodukoodiya oru vishwaasyatha skeyil ulppeduthi.
yuu-boat pravartthanangal.
oru yuu-bottilekk oru sandesham ayaykkunnath saadhaaranayaayi rear admiral donitsil (antharvaahinikalude commander, jarmman befelshaber derr yuu-boot, abr. bii. dii. yuu) yuu-boat pravarthanangalil karshana niyanthranam nilanirtthi. vaachinte officer sandesham edukkukayum timestamp cheyyukayum encryptionaayi duty radio technician vaachu officerkku kaimarukayum cheyyum. oro shifttilum pathinanju muthal irupathu vare radiomen sandeshangal encifering, desifering enniva cheythu. rund divasam praabalyatthil undaayirunna rotter sthaanangal udyogastharkku maathrame sajjamakkaan kazhiyoo ennathinaal, vaachu officer ellah randaam divasavum ardharaathrikku thottumunbu oru puthiya aantharika thacol, baar vann upayogichu ellah nigoodathakalum sajjamaakkunnu. vaikiyulla sandeshangal manassilakkunnathinaayi oru nigooda siffer mesheen munbathe qee krameekaranatthil thudarnnu. udyogasthan rottarukal sajjeekarichathinusesham, radio technician plugboard krameekarikkukayum rottarukal thacolilek thirikkukayum cheythu. nigoodatha krameekarichappol, sandesham encaif cheyyukayum athu vaayikkaan kazhiyumennu urappakkaan udan thanne mattoru nigoodathayil manassilakkukayum cheythu. vaayikkaan kazhiyumenkil, athu uchithamaaya sthalathekku ayachu. athu cheiyunnathinu, radio technician lakshyathinte sthaanam, saadhaaranayaayi oru yuu-boat, athu (cryptochaanal, telecommunication surcuted) prakshepanam cheiyunnathinulla nirddishta surcuted enniva nirnnayichu. naavika commandinu niravadhi bhoomishaasthraparamaaya valakalundaayirunnu, jarmman naavika grid sisttathinte () kreegsmarine pathipp, avaye vadakkan atlaantik pradeshathinu america eiii, thekkan atlaantik pradeshathinu america bii, aphrica 1,2, ireland ennivayum mattullavayum ennu vilichirunnu. kappalukale akramikkaan mattu rund valakalum upayogichu, onninu diana ennum mattonnin hubertus ennum coode namam nalki. oro nettinum moonnu aavruthikalundaayirunnu, mikacha sweekaranam urappakkaan divasathil krameekarichirikkunnu. hubertusinu vyathyastha samayangalil aarr vyathyastha aavruthikal undaayirunnu. idaykkide oru woolf paaykkinu athintethaaya aavruthi labikkum.
sariyaaya konfigareshan thiranjeduthukazhinjaal, sandesham mozhs codil oru vayariloode loriyantilulla oru radio traansmittarilekku (radio tower) kaimarunnu. fraansile kooduthal sakthamaaya seyint-assais traansmittarum sandeshangal veendum kaimari. seyint assais gopuram rund, aarr, panthrand, irupathinaalu manikorukalilum, rund divasathinu sesham valare pradhaanappettathaanenkil, sandesham aavarthikkum. oro sandeshathinum pathinanju muthal muppath minitt vare edukkunna irupathu muthal muppath vare sandeshangal eathu prathyeka divasathilum yoonit kaimar.
yuu-boatil oru radio technician eppozhum nireekshanatthilaayirunnu. periscope aazhathilum naalpat adii vare thaazheyumulla oru antarvaahini uparithalathil pathichappol radio sandeshangal labhichu. radio technician ellaayppozhum sandesham ezhuthivechirunnu, athu aaa sub allengilum, sandesha seeriyal nambarukal techniciane enthengilum nashtappettittundel ariyikkunnu. sandeshangal nashtappedunnillennu urappakkunnathinum radio technician ashradha kaanikkunnillenn urappakkunnathinum yuu-boat kyapttan seeriyal nambarukal pathivayi nireekshikkukayum cheythu. thudarnnu saankethika vidagthan oru sankeernamaaya prakriya nadatthi, athu thacol nalkukayum rottarukal nigoodathayil sthaapikkukayum sandesham nalkunnathinaayi sandesha enciferment vipareethamaakkukayum cheythu, athu captanu kaimarukayum sandeshathinte utharavukalkku anusrithamaayi kyapttan uchithamaaya nadapadikal sweekarikkukayum allengil nilavile sambhavangalekkurichu ariyikkaan vaayikkukayum cheythu.
yuu-boat sandesha tharangal.
yuu-bottukalum karaa adisthaanamaakkiyulla soukaryangalum thammilulla ashayavinimayam, athaayath.iii. aasthaanam, thuramukhangal, vimanangal enniva sandesangalaayi encode cheyyukayum avaye thaazhepparayunna aarr tharangalayi tharamthirikkukayum cheythu
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmman sainika antharvaahinikal (yuu-bottukal) avarude ellah radio prakshepanangaludeyum thudakkathil upayogichirunna oru mozhs coode tharam sreniyaanu bii-baar. athu oru baar aayirunnu, thudarnnu moonnu dottukal, thudarnnu mattoru baar (). bii aksharatthinte mozhs kodaayirunnu athu, ennaal avasaanam oru adhika baar ullathinaal "bii-baar" enna peru. briteeshukaaraanu eee peru srishtichathu. mozhs kodile baarukale eee divasangalil parambaraagathamaayi "dashukal" ennu vilikkunnu.
kadalil yuu-bottukalilekku vitharanam cheyyuka.
pravartthana deutyilulla yuu-bottukale avarude jolie eluppamaakkunna eathenkilum rahasyaanveshanathekkurich ariyikkunnundennu urappakkaan ganyamaaya sramangal nadatthi.iii. mungunna anubandha shipping. sakhyakakshikalude vaahanavyooha neekkangaleyum nishpakshamaaya raajya shipping neekkangaleyum vivarikkunna aakramanathmaka yuddha seshikkaayi noorukanakkinu sandeshangal kaimari. prathirodha yuddha seshiyil uparithala, vyoma antarvaahini virudha yoonittukalude ennavum swabhaavavum mathramalla, thanthrangal, aayudangal, antarvaahini virudha lokkeshan upakaranangal (antarvaahini virudha yuddham) ennivayum ulppedunnu. koodaathe, radio prakshepanangaliloode idaykkide update cheiyunna fayalukal boardil sookshichu. jarmman naavika veekshanakonil, eathenkilum rahasyaanveshanavum sakhyakakshikalude prathirodhatthil shekharikkaan kazhiyunna eathu vivarangalum pracharippikkunnathin radio prakshepanam nirnaayakamaayirunnu.
oro kaalayalavilum rahasyaanveshanathinte vyaapanam.
1942-1943 shaityakaala aakramana samayat, rahasyaanveshana vibhaagam ellaayppozhum yuu. ezz-yuu. keey. paathakalkk prathyeka oonnal nalkunna kappalukalekkurichaayirunu. 1943ll, yuu-boat ooppareshanukal atlaantik kaambeyn climaxinte prathirodha yudhathilekku neengiyappol, oru prathyeka tharam sandesham kaimaran thudangi, athu oduvil saadhaaranamaayi maari, athaayath.iii. sakhyakakshikalude sanbarkkavum aakramanavum sambandhicha reportukal. prathirodha saahacharyangalude reportukal avayude dairkhyathinum puthiya pathippinum shradheyamaayi. caribean polulla vidoora pradeshangalekkurichulla reportukal kooduthal saadhaaranamaayitheernnu. shaithyakaalamaayappozhekkum sakhyakakshikalkkethiraya aakramanathmaka yuddham (atlaantik avasana varshangalile yuddham) punaraarambhichathu vaahanavyooha sandeshangal thirike konduvannu. akramikkaan kappalukale kandethunnathile budhimuttukal kaaranam, dainamdina sakhya pravarthanangalkkoppam, kreegsmarine ayacha ellah ashayavinimayangalum vaayikkunna sakhyakakshikalkkoppam, sakhyakakshikalkkulla yoonittukalude sthaanangalekkurichulla disha kandethal (radio direction finder) ulppedeyulla puthiya tharam rahasyaanveshana sandeshangalum yuu-bottukalile intersept kakshikalil ninnulla prathyeka reportukalum kooduthal praadhaanyamarhikkunnu. prathyeka aashankakalil anubandha lokkeshan upakaranangal, yuu yude sthaanangal enniva ulppedunnu.ezz. naavika escort carrier grouppukal (yuu-bottukal surakshithamaayi uparithalathil athunnundennu urappakkaanulla shramathil). puthiya tharatthilulla underwater shabdangal, asdic, serch booy, acoostic torpidokalkkaayulla countering upakaranangalumayi bandhapetta prathyekathakal enniva vilayiruthaanulla sramangal nadatthi.
pariseelanam.
jarmman antarvaahini yuu-664-nte radio, cryptographic oopparettarmaare parisheelippikkaan bradjukalaaya sent andris kottayil sthithi cheiyunna interception steshan mpa flandezhs () upayogichu.
vittumaaraatha udyogastharude aavasyangal.
randaam lokamahaayudhakaalamathrayum bii-diyanst udyogasthare nilanirthaan paadupedukayum thudarchayaayi jeevanakkaarude kuravu anubhavappedukayum cheythu. 1941 eprilil 4 vaachu adisthaanathil motham 64 udyogasthare naavika sifarilekku niyamichu. oro vaachinum naalu adhika udyogasthare aavashyamaayirunnu. naavika niyamathile oru upavibhaagathilekku motham naalpat pere niyamichu, ettu pere koodi aavashyamaayi vannu. mattoru upavibhaagathil ezhu perr divasam jolie cheiyunnuvenkilum rund vaachu shedule nirmmikkaan aarr perr koodi aavashyamaayirunnu. pradhana britiish samvidaanangalkku maathram aavashyamaaya motham udyogasthar 165 aalukalaayirunnu.
1945 maarchil decryptionulla jeevanakkaarude aavasyakathakal thaazhepparayunna reethiyil prasthaavichu ellah rajyangalkkum vaayikkaan kazhiyunna gathaagathathinu 155 udyogasthar aavasyamaanu, britiish samvidaanangalekkurichulla gaveshanathinu 85 perr aavasyamaanu, angane motham 240 perr. 1944 januvari muthal naavika coode upavibhagathinulla jeevanakkaarude ennam 198 ll ninnu 94 aayi kuranju.
1942 aayappozhekkum thante coor cryptaanaalist staaf 275 aayi vardhichathaayi tran prasthaavichu. aaa samkhya erattiyaakkaan addeham aagrahichenkilum athu vijayichilla. 1945 meyy maasathil, thante ticom abhimukhathil, engleesh cryptanalysis vibhaagathile motham jeevanakkaarude ennam 275 aanennu addeham rookshamaayi abhiprayappettu.
aakramanathmaka cryptology.
sangraham.
1939ll randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkathil germmaniyil ithinakam thanne oru naavika rahasyaanveshana sevanam undaayirunnu. 1899-ll sthaapithamaaya ithu valippathilum falapraapthiyilum valarukayum professionalise cheyyukayum yudhakaalathinte avasaanathode valare phalapradamaaya oru signal intelligence ejansiyaayi maarukayum pathivayi britiish saifarukale thakarkkukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu bii-diyansttinte pradhana athiraaliyaayirunnu britiish royal nevi. akkaalat upayogichirunna brittanile pradhana uyarnna grade naavika saifarukal ivayaayirunnu
akkaalat naavika saifar superenciferment tableukal anjaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu; commander inn cheefs table, flag offeesarmaarude table, distroyarukalkku thaazheyulla ellah kappalukalum kaivasham vachirikkunna general table, cheria kappalukalude tableukal, chaina ganbot tableukal.
1935 leeii sharathkaalathil wilhem tranve royal neviyude ettavum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna 5 akka naavika coode thakarthu. yuddham aarambhicha divasam, germmaniyil ninnu kadalil britiish vyapara kappalukalude neekkangalekkurichu bii-diyanstinu nannayi ariyamaayirunnu. 1939 septambar 11 nuu, bristtol chaanalinte theerathu oru samgham koodunnathinekkurichu avare ariyicha oru sandesham avar vaayikkukayum yuu-boat ayaykkukayum athu keppu clearinu thekkupadinjaraayi ss "evimor" mungippokukayum cheythu.
eee samayat, naavika saifarine kaikaaryam cheyyaan bii-diyanstinu aparyapthamaaya jeevanakkaarundaayirunnu, praadhamika praveshanam maathrame undaayirunnulloo. gathaagathakkurukkinte alavu ganyamaayi vardhichu. 1939 august yudhathinu munbu oru thirichadi aarambhichathukond mathramalla, commander inn cheefineyum flag offeesarmaareyum maatti meshakal punarupayogikkunna ellah jolikalum thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivachathode, naavika saifarinte 35 sathamaanam samayavum naavika coode vaayikkappedunnathukondum eee bhagam thaalkkaalikamaayi manjuveezhcha cheyyappettu. 1939 oktobarode, vadakkan atlaantik samudram, thekkan atlaantik, vadakkan kadal, scagarac thudangiya pradeshangalile gathaagathathekkurichulla sandeshangalil shradha kendreekarichukondu avar naavika saifar sandeshangalude oru cheria anupatham veendum vaayikkukayaayirunnu. vaayikkapetta sandeshangalil rajakeeya naavikasenayude yudhakaala samghadanayum scapa ozhukkil mungunnathinte phalavum chaanal pradeshathe jarmman yudhakkappal pravartthanatthinte phalangalum ulppedunnu. 1939 november 23 nuu mungiyathinushesham wilhem tranve royal nevi prathirodha nadapadikal vaayichu. ellah britiish gathaagathathinum saarvathrikamaayi upayogichirunna antarvaahini resifering tableukaliloodeyaanu naavika saifar nambar 1-lake praveshanam saadhyamaakkiyath. 1940 meyy vare antharvaahinikalkkaayi prathyeka meshakal neekkivaykkukayum august 20 aayappozhekkum britiish antharvaahinikal naavika saifar upayogikkunnathu avasanippikkukayum pakaram naavika niyamathilekku maarukayum cheythu. 1940 eprilil naavika coode veendum nuzhanjukayari.
ooppareshan stratford.
1940 march-epril pakuthiyode naavika saifar nambar 1-nte oru pathipp nuzhanjukayarukayum "ooppareshan stratford" enna peril norveykkethire oru anglo-franch paryaveshanathinulla padhathikal sandeshangal velippeduthukayum cheythathaanu bii-diyansttinte ettavum valia vijayam. jarmmani eee samrambham pidichedukkukayum 1940 epril 9 nuu norway akramikkukayum cheythu. prachaarana velayil coode oresamayam vaayikkappettu. landing feeldukal, harstaadil gathaagathatthinte varavu thudangiya britiish prathirodha nadapadikalekkurichulla krithyamaaya vivarangal munkootty ariyamaayirunnu, ithu jarmman sayudha senaye uchithamaaya nadapadi sweekarikkaan praapthamakki. 1940 meyy aadyam norway keezhadangiyappol, norwegian prachaaranatthinide narwick yudhathil ophotphordil nilayurappicha oru distroyaraaya bii-diyanstinu niravadhi rekhakal labhichu, ennaal britishukaar berjane ozhippikkumbol, avar britiish cryptography rekhakalude oru valia shekharam avasheshippichu, avaa 1940 meyy maasathil kandethi. ithil administrative kodinte oru pakarpp, forin oafees inter departmental saifar nambar 1 nte oru pakarpp, recoding tableukalulla nilavile marchant nevi coode, ooksilari coode, kooll chinnangalum delivari grouppukalum ulppede recoding tableukal enniva ulppedunnu. bhaaviyile saifarukal vaayikkunnathinulla sahaayamaayi iva upayogichu. 1940 august vare, puthiya velluvilikal prathyakshappedunnathuvar, norwegian pracharanam trano thante kireedangalil vishramikkaan praapthamakki.
1941-42 kaalayalav.
vadakkan atlaantik, vadakkan kadal ennividangalil 1940-41.
1942-43 kaalayalav.
1942 januvari-august muthal ekadesham august vare
bii-diyanst vijayathinte avasaanam.
1943 avasaanathode bii-diyanst vijayangal kuranju kondirunnu. 1943 avasaanathode naavika coode, braun edition ippozhum vaayikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu, ennaal 1943 novemberil berlinil nadanna kanatha vyomaakramanam avarude dhaaraalam rekhakal nasippikkukayum avayude pravarthanakshamatha ganyamaayi kuraykkukayum cheythu. bii-diyanstinu eberswaldeykkaduthulla sengwardenilek maarendivannu. munvarsham cheythathupole oro 15 divasathilum pakaram admiraltti ippol ellah divasavum thacolukal maattukayum ottathavana paadukalude vardhichuvarunna upayogavum uyarnna thalatthilulla saifarinte thudarchayaaya thakarchaye phalapradamaayi asaadhyamaakki. 1944 epril 20 nuu canadian distroyer brittani theerathu mungukayum coode bukkukal veendedukkumbol avaykku kaaryamaaya vyathyasamundaayilla. kappalil ninnu pidikoodiya oru pramukha telegraph vidagthan stensil sub tractor samvidaanathinaayulla puthiya eratta parivartthana nadapadikramathekkurichu vishadamaaya vivaranam nalki. bii-diyanst eee prashnathekkurichu theevramaaya patanam nadathukayum prakriya vibhajikkaan kazhiyunna reethikal vikasippicheduthathi kaanappedukayum cheythu.
normandi landingin oru maasam munbu, bii-deanstinode hitlaril ninnu oru utharavil athu enthaanu vaayikkunnathenn chodikkukayum 1943 juun muthal neval sipher 1944 januvari muthal neval code aaya rund pradhana uyarnna suraksha engleesh saifarukalum vaayikkaan kazhiyillennu maathrame marupadi nalkaan kazhiyoo.
naavika saifar.
naavika saifar 2-nte aamukham.
1940 august 20 vare bii-diyansttinte padavi thudarnnu, naavika saifar nambar. 1934 muthal upayogichirunna januvari pakaram naavika saifar nambar. 2. athe samayathaan general resifering tableukalum avatharippichathu, naavika coode 5 akka kodinu pakaram 4 akka kodaayi maari. eee maattam bii-diyanstinu thirichadiyaayi, kaaranam naavika code naavika sipher baahyamaayi samanamaayirunnu, ennaal 1940 septambarode avar veendum naavika saifarukalude oru cheria anupatham vaayikkukayaayirunnu. ezhu aazhchakalkkullil avar 800 coode grouppukaludeyum 400 pothu padaavalikaludeyum 450 kappalnaamangaludeyum ardham naavika saifaril kandethi. 1940 october muthal britiish admiraltti idathu, valath resifering nadapadikramangalum rund adhika resifer tableukalum avatharippichu onnu vadakkan kadalilum atlaantikkilum upayogikkunnathinum mattonn medittareniyanilum. 1941-nte thudakkathil ithu 700 kappal naamangalilekkum 1,200 padasanchaya padangalilekkum vyaapichu. aaa samayat, jarmman nagarangale adisthaanamaakki bii-diyanst vilipperukalulla britiish kodukal nalkaan thudangi. naavika saifar "koloon" aayirunnu, thakarnnukondirunna naavika kodine "braun", "blue" ennee rund vakabhedangalulla "munichu" ennu vilichirunnu. 1940 januvari 20 nuu navikasena aasthaanathu gurutharamaaya prathisandhi srishtichukondu naavikasenaavibhagam veshammari starting pooyint indicatorukal avatharippichu. oru siffer maattam kaaranam ellah britiish kappalukaludeyum sthaanavum chalanangalum ariyillennu ellah kappalukalkkum ayacha nirddeshathinu communications intelligence medhavi achim tubener utharavittu.
ekadesham naalu aazhchakalkk sesham bii-diyanstinu onnum vaayikkaan kazhinjilla, pakshe aparyapthamaaya jeevanakkaarkk vijayam kettippadukkaan kazhinjilla. akkaalat, bii-diyanstinu kurachu hollarith mesheenukalilekku praveshanam undaayirunnu, naalu aazhchakalkk sesham labhicha interceptukalude 10 sathamaanam maathrame vaayikkaan kazhiyoo.
1941 septambaril, veshammariya starting pooyint soochikakal upekshikkukayum staanderd naalu akka starting pooyint soochakangalude oru kudumbam upayogathilekku konduvarikayum cheythu. ithu oro prathyeka sandeshathinum eathu table upayogikkanamennu nirnnayikkaan bii-diyansttine nirbandhithanaakki, ithu bii-diyanstinu sahayam nalki, 1940 october 1 nuu thottumunbu thante vijayathinte kodumudiyil cheythathinte pakuthiyolam veendum vaayikkaan trano praapthamakki. phalangal valare mikachathaayirunnu, soochakangalude punarupayogatthinu munbu trano pazhaya nilavaarathiletthi. naavika saifar nambar vare ithu thudarnnu. desember pakaram neval saifar nambar. 4 1942 januvari januvari
samyuktha naavika siffer nambar. 3.
sakhyasenayude naavika siffer thakarkkal orupakshe bii-diyansttinte ettavum valia nettamaayirunnu.
samyuktha naavika siffer nambar. 1941 januvari 20 nuu avatharippicha 3, atlaantik kappalukalilekkum athil ninnulla ashayavinimayangal ensifer cheiyunnathinaayi american, britiish upayogathinaayi neekkivachu. yudhathinte avasaanathil lakshyasthaanangalude ennam 136ll ninnu 237 aayi uyarnnathinaal yudhathilekkulla amerikkayude praveshanam bii-diyanst kaikaaryam cheiyunna sandeshangalude ennam vardhippichu. 1943 avasaanathode, interceptukalude ennam oru varsham <aii. dii. 1> ll kooduthalaayirunnu, allengil prathidinam 8,500 aayirunnu, ennirunnaalum thanippakarpukal saadhaaranamaayirunnu.
1941 oktobarode, saifarinu "konvoy siffer" enna perulla pradhana praadhaanyam shradhikkaan thudangunnathinu bii-diyanstinu mathiyaya gathagatham srishtikkukayum athinu "frankfurt" enna coode namam nalkukayum cheythu. sandeshathil ninnu suuppar-enciferment neekkam cheiyunnathinu, overlapping suuppar-encifered nambarukalulla onno rando sandeshangal aavasyamaanu. 100 sandeshangalo athil kooduthalo ullathil, randennam ovarlaappu cheiyukayennumathramalla, bii-dayanst enna nambar table ore pooyintil ninnu aarambikkunnathinulla saadhyatha pakuthiyiladhikamaayirunnu.
naavika saifar nambar 3 upayogichirunna subtractor tableukalil 1941ll 15,000 grooppukalundaayirunnu. gathagatham valareyadhikam vardhichathinaal subtractor tableukalum undaayirunnu. "1942 augustil "emm table general" 218,000 grouppukalaayum 1942 octoberil "table atlaantik" 148,000 grouppukalaayum vardhichuvenkilum navambarode athu veendum 220,000 grouppukalaayi vardhichu. coode grouppukal niravadhi thavana veendum upayogichu, eee aazhathilaan bii-dayanst saifar punarnirmikkaan sahaayichath. britiish naavikasena ellah maasavum resifering tableukal maattunnathiloode aazham parimithappedutthaan shramichu, thudarnnu 1942 septambar muthal oro 15 divasavum 1943 ll oro 10 divasavum.
1942 februvariyode, saifar "athisayakaramaaya vegathayil" punarnirmikkappettu, orupakshe 1942 epril 1 vare saifar nambarile mikkavarum ellah gathagathavum sahayichu. pothuvaaya "emm" table enna oru table maathram upayogichaanu 3 resipe cheythath. 1942 maarchode, vadakkan atlaantik ulppede saifar upayogicha signalukalkkaayi trano bhooribhaagam sandeshangalum ettavum cheria kaalathaamasathode vaayikkukayaayirunnu. 1942 august 1 nuu idathu, valath recoding nadapadikramangal seifering prakriyayil chertthuvenkilum oru vyathyasavum undaayilla, ellah traafikkinteyum 80 sathamaanam vare bii-dayanst readingaanu. ithu 1942 desember 15 vare, oru adhika resifering table, "atlaantik eriya" resifering table avatharippikkunnathuvare, thudarnnu, pakshe athu kaaryamaaya vyathyasamundaakkiyilla. veshammariya starting pooyint indikkettarukalum avatharippichu, ennaal bii-dayanstilekku adhika jeevanakkaare nirbandhithamaayi niyogichathode, 1943 februvariyode trano veendum ganyamaaya sandesha vaalyangal vaayikkukayaayirunnu. vadakkan atlaantikkile thanikk thaalpparyamulla mikkavarum ellah vaahanavyooha traffic vaayikkaan tranoic idaykkide kazhinju, chilappol addehathinu patthu muthal irupathu manikkoor vare munkootty vivarangal undaayirunnu. padinjaaran sameepanagalil ninnum halifaxil ninnumulla pathiv signalukal vyaapaarakkappalukalude codil ninnulla traaphik vaayikkaan sahayichu, prathyekichu konvoy tableukal upayogichu recode cheythava. eee vivarangal yuu-bottukalkku valareyadhikam thanthraparamaaya praadhaanyamullathaayirunnu. 1942 februvari muthal 1943 juun 10 vare, mikkavarum ellah divasavum, admiraltti yuu-boat disposition signal vaayikkaan bii-diyanstinu kazhinju, palappozhum athu nirmmicha athe raathriyil. eee vivarangal upayogichu, signalil paraamarshichirikkunna yuu-bottukalude saandrata ozhivakkaan kappalukal pookunna roottukal pravachikkanum uchithamaaya nadapadi sweekarikkaanum bii-diyanstinu kazhiyum.
1943 juun 10 nuu saifar nambar. 3 pinvalikkukayum saifar nambar. 5 perr sevanathil praveshichu.
vittuveezhchayekkurichu britteeshukaarude samshayangal.
vittuveezhchaye bhayappedunnu.
1943 februvariyil, yuu-boat paaykkukalaaya "neptyoon", "rittar", "naappan" (aake 60 yuu-bottukal) enniva greenland vidavil steshanilaayirunnu. donits eee moonnu chennaaya koottangale 30° padinjaaru meridianil oru patrolling lainayi roopappeduthi, 63° vadakku aarambhich thekkott 53° vadakkott vyaapichirunnu.
1943 februvariyil 166-leeii vaahanavyoohathinu nere vijayakaramaya akramanam nadakkukayum siffer nambar ennu admiraltti samshayikkukayum cheythu. 3 vittuveezhcha cheyyappettuvenkilum athu akkaalat theliyikkaan kazhinjilla. februvari 18 nuu "rittar", "neptyoon" ennee grouppukalude patrolling lainukalile avasana nimisha shifttukal kaanikkunnath jarmman hikemand konvoy echx 226 ll pravartthanangal nadathaanulla padhathi upekshichu, pakaram 166 nuu padinjaarottulla vaahanavyoohathe lakshyamidunnathinaayi aakramana group lineukal parishkarikkukayaayirunnu. eee maattangalkk eathaanum nimishangalkkullil, "nepttan-rittar" laininte thekkukizhakkayi neengunnathinum vaahanavyoohathinte thekk dishayilekkulla vazhithirichuvidalinum yuu-bottukalude moonnaamathe group roopeekarikkappettu.
hydrophone vaahanavyoohathinte scrookalumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthi. 1943 februvariyode februvariyode vaahanavyoohathinu naavika saifar nambar upayogichu admiraltti ayacha moonnu vazhithirichuvidalukal labhichu. 3 (table "kall" upayogichu punarnirmmichathu), thekkott neengaan shramichu. vaahanavyoohathekkurich tranoic ariyaamaayirunnuvennath admiralttiyil chodyam cheyyappedaathathaayirunnu. februvari februvari 18num idayil yuu-bottukal mattiyathum avayude swabhaavavum soochippikkunnathu bii-diyanstinu vaahanavyoohathinte sthaanathekkurichu oru kanakkukoottalinekkal arivundennu soochippikkunnu. moonnu vazhithirichuvidalukali aadyathethu ettavum samshayaaspadamaayirunnu, kaaranam athu vaahanavyoohathe athinte madhyabhaagathinu thekk "rittar" lainiloode ayaykkumaayirunnu, straggler root "naappan" lainiloode kadannupookumaayirunnu.
bhayam ashayavinimayam nadatthi.
1943 februvari februvari, naavikasenayude atlaantik vibhaagam voolfpaakkukalude vichitramaaya perumaattathekkurichum aaa avasarathil yuu-bottukalude kramatthil phalapradamaaya maattathekkurichum abhipraayappedaan oru memo ayachu.
thelivukal shekharikkappedunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathile ettavum valia yuu-boat yudhamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna echx 229/essie 122 enna kappalppadayude yudhathinu sesham frankfurtinulla bii-diyanst pariharangal kaaryakshamathayude unnathiyilaayirunnu. march 5 nuu slow konvoy ezz. sii. 122 newyork nagaratthil ninnu purappettu. thudarnnu 8 nuu vegathayeriya konvoy echu. ex. 229.12,13 theeyathikalil ezz. sii. 122-nte 51 kappalukal 13 nirakalilaayi aaviyil kuthichu, athesamayam echu. ex. 229 ezz. sii.122-neey pidikkukayum 11 nirakalilaayi aaviyil kayarukayum cheythu, randum vadakkan atlaantikkilekku pookukayum cheythappol rund konvoysinu munnil kanatha yuu-boat ashayavinimayam admirality kettu. march 13 nuu ratri 8 manikk ezz. ezz, nilavil 49° vadakku, 40° padinjaaru, 67° kozhs nadatthi yuu-bottukal ozhivakkaan utharavittu. bii-diyanst eee sandesham decrypt cheyth kaal donitsinu kaimari. oru digri akshaamsham arupath nottikkal mylukaleyum oru digri rekhamsham 49 digri vadakkan akshaamshathil 39.3 nottikkal mylukalkku thulyavumaanu. ithinartham yuu-bottukal evideyaanennu kaanvoyikalkku krithyamaayi ariyaamaayirunnuvenkil yuu-bottukalkku kaanvoyikal evideyaanennu ariyaamaayirunnuvenkil avaa dussen kanakkinu mile akaleyayirikkaam. vaahanavyooham kandethaan avare praaptharaakkunnathinaayi, ezz. sii.122 nuu ethire vadakku-thekk variyil 17 antharvaahinikalum pinneedu echu. ex. 229 nuu ethire 11 antharvaahinikalum vyaapippikkaan donits utharavittu.
ashayavinimaya kramam iprakaaramaayirunnu
vittuveezhcha cheyyaathe rabgraafinte pettennulla maattathinu kaaranam kanakkakkaan prayaasamaan. ithuvare kaanaatha oru vadakkukizhakkan vaahanavyooham kizhakottulla vaahanavyoohamaayi maarunnu enna bii-diyansttinte nigamanathe nyaayeekarikkan kazhiyunna onnum aaa reportukalil illa. manikkoorukalkk sesham, rabgraph yuu-bottukal thekkott 15 mile shift polulla mikacha pooyintukal ulppedunna niravadhi thanthrangaliloode kadannupokunnu, "vaahanavyooham kandethanam!". vaahanavyoohathinte krithyamaaya sthaanathekkurichulla anishchithathvavum aavashyamaaya krithyathayode yuu-bottukal krameekarikkunnathile parajayavum orupakshe admiralttiyil ninnu echx 229 diversion dispaachinte poornnamaaya veendedukkal bii-diyanstinu illennu soochippikkunnu.
maarchil (trinidad muthal kurasavo vare), maarchil (chesapeak bay muthal jibralter vare), maarchil maarchil ugs 6, maarchil (helfux thuramukham, pinneedu newyork nagaram) livarpoolilekkulla march, 1943 meyy aayappozhekkum (sidney, nova scotia allengil halifux harber allengil newyork sitti muthal livarpool vare) essie 129 ennee vazhikaliloode yuu-bottukal sanjarichathaayi samshayikkunna neekkangal admiralityude samshayangal sthireekarichu.
othutheerppu sweekarichu.
1943 meyy maasathil, admiralttiyumaayulla othutheerppu athe nigamanathilethunnathine kominchine ariyikkukayum juunil oru pariharam shupaarsha cheyyukayum cheythu. 5 avatharippikkam. naavika saifar nambarinte arakshithaavastha. 3 nuu kaaranamaayi
emm", "ezz" resiferment tableukalude kaalayalav oro 10 divasathil ninnu oro 5 divasathilum maattuka ennathaayirunnu nirddishta ethir nadapadi. ennirunnaalum idakkaala suraksha marggangal poornnamaayum amgeekarikkaan kazhiyillennu vittuveezhchayude thudarchayaaya thelivukal theliyichu. naavika siffer nambar. 1943 juun juun 5 avatharippichathu.
naavika siffer nambar. 4.
1942 januvariyil naavika saifar nambar. 4 avatharippikkappettu, 1942 maarchode tranve pusthakatthinte oru bhagam punarnirmmichu, pakshe chila maasangalaayi ettavum pradhanappetta saifaraayi kanakkaakkappettirunna siffer nambar 3-ll shradha kendreekarikkunnathu thudarnnu, ennaal 1942 oktobarode, pasaphik samudram, indian mahasamudram, chenkadal ennividangalile vaahanavyooha chalanangalekkurichulla sandeshangal thadassappeduthunnathinum vaayikkunnathinum mathiyaya coode book addeham punarnirmmichu. eee samayathaan, 1941 desember muthal 1942 januvari vare, naavikasena punarupayogatthinaayi ottathavana paadukal upayogikkaan thudangiyathu, prathyekichu vadakkan atlaantik, gaarhika jalam ennividangalil
ottathavana paadukal avatharippichathiloode wilhem tranvinum samghathinum ganyamaaya thadassamundaavukayum ganyamaaya gathagatham nashtappedukayum cheythu, prathyekichu paashchaathya sameepanagalil ninnulla dainamdina citrep reportukal, avaa "eriya 1 table" punarupayogikkappettu, ennaal ippol "commander-inn-cheef vestten aprochukal coode outtu" ottathavana paddle punarupayogikkappettu. 1942 meyy muthal, hollarith tabulating meshinarikalude upayogam avatharippichu, ithu sahayichu, pakshe muun pathippukalil cheythathupole eee siffer upayogichu orikkalum vijayam kaivarichilla.
naavika siffer nambar. 5.
1943 juun 1 nuu naavika saifar nambar. pakaram 5-aamm nambar. 1943 juun juun naavika saifar nambar 3. saifar nambar nambar pakaram ithu vannu. 5 oru puthiya tharam saifaraayirunnu, athu niravadhi mechappeduthalukal avatharippikkukayum athu kooduthal surakshithamaakkukayum cheythu. tranve muun saifarukalilethinu samanamaaya vijayam nediyirikkaamaayirunnu, pakshe 1943 juulai 1 muthal, saadhaarana neelamulla subtractor tableukalkku pakaram stensil subtractor sisttam upayogikkaan thudangi, athu thakarkkaanaavaathathaayirunnu.
1945 januvari januvari bii-diyanst naavika saifarinte ellah pravartthanangalum nirtthi.
naavika coode.
1937 muthal yudhakaalakhattathil administrative coode upayogichirunnathinaal 1940 august 20 nuu naavika coode administrative kodine maatti, samaadhaanakaalath britiish cryptography sanbradaayangal kaaranam bii-diyanst ithu samagramaayi thakartthirunnu, saifar punarupayogikkukayum punarupayogikkaathirikkum cheythu. naavika coode naalu akka coode group saifaraayirunnu, angane ithu naavika cypherinode saamyamullathaakkunnu, mukalil vivarichathupole naavika coode aadyam thakarnnappol ekadesham aarr aazhchayolam ithu aashayakkuzhappathilayi. kappalukalum theeravum thammilulla aashayavinimayathin upayogichirunna naavika coode, savisheshamaaya yudhakkappalukalude kooll chinnangalulla sahaaya kappal tableukal upayogichu sahaaya kappalukalude ashayavinimayathinum upayogikkaan thudangi. 1943 desember 1 nuu stensil sub tractor samvidaanam avatharippikkunnathuvare bii-diyanstinu eee coode vegathil takarkkaan kazhinju, ithu divasena resifering tableukal maattaan praapthamakki.
1940 november 21 nuu praabalyatthil vanna engleesh chaanal, vadakkan kadal, vadakkan atlaantik ennividangalil nadakkunna aashayavinimayangalaya resifering tableukalile naavika coode lamghikkunnathinu bii-diyanst ganyamaaya udyogasthare neekkivechu. oru chattam pole bii-diyanst pradhana yuddha grouppukalude sthaanam kandethunnathinayi sandeshathinte vilasa bhagam thakarkkunnathil maathram shradha kendreekarichu. idathum valathum" enna nadapadikramam 1940 october 1 vare praabalyatthil undaayirunnuvenkilum adhika staaf tranve kodilekk aavarthichu nuzhanjukayari. "1941 october 1 vare sahaaya kappalukalkkayi "idathum valathum" nadapadikramangal avatharippichirunnilla. 1941 januvari 20 nuu avatharippicha veshammariya starting pooyint indicatorukal, athaayath jolibharam erattiyaayathinaal bii-diyanstinu adhika jeevanakkaare upayogikkendivannu.
naavika coode nambarinte oru pakarpp. 1941 meyy maasathil kreettile suda ulkkadalil oru kanatha cruiser mungimarichappol 1 pidikkapettu. sulfuric assid kondu kuthirtha ithu niyamavirudhamaano ennu sakhyakakshikalkk ariyillaayirunnu. 1942 januvari 1 nuu naavika coode nambar. 2 avatharippichu. 10 divasathinullil bii-diyanstinu pathiv sandeshangal vaayikkaan kazhinju, 1942 ll udaneelam avarude vijayam vardhichu. veshammariya starting pooyint soochakangal 1942 desember 15 nuu avatharippikkappettu, pakshe naavika cypherineppole avaa prayojanakaramalla, oru thaalkkaalika thirichadi mathramaayirunnu. naavika coode nambar. 1943 march 1 nuu 3 avatharippikkappedukayum sahaaya kappalukalude meshakal upayogichu punarupayogikkunna uyarnna alavilulla sandeshangal bii-diyanst vaayikkunnath thudarukayum cheythu. naavika coode nambarinte oru pakarpp. 1942 avasaanathode bii-diyanst tobrakkil 2 pidichedukkukayum athu coode thulachukayaraan avar ethratholam pravarthichuvennu sthireekarikkukayum cheythu. naavika coode nambar 3 mechappeduthi. 2, bii-diyansttinte cryptanalysis yoonit nilachupokaan kaaranamaayi, ennaal 1943 augustode, bii-diyanst veendum ooksilari resifering table vazhi kodilekk thulachukayarukayum 1943 desember 1 vare vardhichuvarunna vijayathode.
1943 march 1 muthal, aparyapthamaaya jeevanakkaarude ennam kaaranam bii-diyanst sahaaya meshakalil kaaryamaaya jolikal cheythilla. 1943 desember 1 nuu, naavika kodilaanu stensil sub tractor samvidaanam nadappilaakkiyathu, athaayath coode resifering valare vegathil, chilappol manikorinullil, allengil oru puthiya naavika ooppareshan aarambikkunnu. adisthaana coode maariyenn thudakkathil samshayichukondu oru puthiya resifering reethishaasthram praabalyatthil vannuvennu manasilakkaan ekadesham oru maasamedutthu. october october itali sakhyasenaykku keezhadangiyathaanu ithinu kaaranamennum avar paranju. 1943. bii-diyanst puthiya resifering engane pravarthikkunnuvennu nirnnayikkaan sramikkukayum 1944 januvariyode, "athisayakaramaaya uyarnna thalatthilulla vaidagdhyam" prakadippichu, akkaalat phalapradamaaya stensil subtractor single kanvershan indikkettar nadapadikramatthinte thathwangal sthaapikkaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. thudarnnulla aazhchakalil, tranoic samghathinum chila vyakthigatha sandeshangalum pinneedu muzhuvan divasatheyum traffic punarnirmikkaan kazhinju. oro divasavum puthiya qee recoding pejukal phalapradamaanennu appozhekkum vyakthamaayirunnu, koodaathe "qee pejukalil ninnu avayude kanakkukal veendedukkunnathu sthiramaaya sthaanathu janaalakalulla oru stensil resiferinginaayi upayogikkunnundennu soochippikkunnu". stensil punarnirmmikkunnathin kurachu samayame undaayirunnulloo, 250 jeevanakkaare eee jolikkayi maathramaayi niyamichirunnu. aavasyathinu traaphik undengil stensil sub tractor samvidaanam takarkkaan kazhiyumennu bii-diyanst anumaanichu, ennaal adisthaana coode book labhyamaanengil maathram, athaayath.iii. "pinch cheytha", allengil orupakshe niravadhi maasangalaayi upayogichirunna oru group ithinakam veendeduthittundaakam. 1944 januvariyode, 1943 desemberile ooksilari table gathagatham takarkkaan bii-diyanstinu kazhinju, pakshe avar naavika niyamatthinte oru pathipp upayogichu pravartthikkunnu enna vastutha kaaranam athu eathaandu jeevithaavasaanathilaayirunnu. 1944 januvari 1 nuu naavika coode nambar. 4 stensil subtractor resifering upayogichu avatharippichu, ithu pazhaya long-subtractor resifering reethiyekkaal valare surakshithamaakkunnu.
shramicha saifar parihaarangalude pattika.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkam muthal 1945 januvari vare cryptaanaalist yoonit oru sramam nadathiyathum pariharikkappettathumaya cypherukaludeyum kodukaludeyum pattikayaanith. 
defensive cryptology.
prathirodhatthinaayi upayogikkunna praadhamika kreegsmarine (nevi) cryptological mesheen, athaayath.iii. karaa adisthaanamaakkiyulla naavika udyogastharum kadalile jarmman naavika yoonittukalum thammilulla ashayavinimayam encrypt cheiyunnathinaayi, naavika enigma (enigma mesheen) aayirunnu, ithu kreegsmarine "qee emm" ennariyappettirunnu.
1925-leeii yudhakaalakhattangalil avatharippicha ithu, sweekaricha aadyathe sainika nigoodathayaanu. nigoodathayaanu 1920kalilum naavika nigoodathayum anubandha pradhana prakriyakalum thudarchayaaya suraksha avalokanathinum mechappeduthalinum keezhilaayirunnu, randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkathode, heer (sainyam), luftwaff (vyomasena) ennivayulppedeyulla mattu sevanangalil naavika nigoodatha ettavum surakshithamaanennu urappakkaan mathiyaya thayyaareduppukal nadathiyittundennu creagsmerine urappu nalki. 1940 eprilil, norwegian prachaarana velayil (ooppareshan stratford), britishukaar pidicheduttha jarmman patrolling boat vii. pii. 2623 ll ninnu rund divasathe playin, saifar tekst kandeduthu. iva naavika nigoodathaye akramikkaan sthaapicha blechli paarkkile (jii. sii & sii. ezz) kudililekku kaimari. 1940 meyy maasathil aarr divasathekku gathagatham vaayikkaan eee metteeriyal hutt 8 neey praapthamakki. aarr divasathekku meteeriyalil ayanja pepparil oru plug leauttu undo atho aadyathe bomb upayogichaanu yadhaartha cryptanalysis nadannathennu charithram vyakthamalla.
pravarthanaparamaaya suraksha.
nigoodatha kendra gadakamaayathinaal, i.iii. naavika yuu-boat aakramanathinte niyanthranam, crugsmerine yanthrathinte suraksha urappakkaan shramichu. yudhakaalakhattangalil nadatthiya thudarchayaaya suraksha avalokanatheppole, yudhakaalathum eee prakriya thudarnnu. bii-diyansttinte swantham ashayavinimayangal thettukalkkayi nirantharam nireekshikkappettu. udaaharanathinu, norwegian prachaarana velayil, oru sahaaya patrolling kappalayi upayogichirunna oru parivartthanam cheytha thimingalakkadathukaaranaaya "buffel" boat enn. ezz. 25, sevana churukkapperaaya cob upayogichu oru kalavastha report abhyarthichappol oru thettu cheythu. marupadi nalkunna telegraphistine sambandhichidatholam ithu asaadhyamaaya oru saahacharyamaayirunnu, kaaranam blechli paarkk cryptaanaalistukalkal thirichunalkiya sandesham oru kalavastha reportaanennu ariyamaayirunnu, athaayath.iii. oru thottilil vaagdaanam cheyyukayum utharam nalkunnathu asaadhyamaakkukayum cheythu. sandesham ayacha radiomanaya wilhem lemke kooduthal parisheelanathinaayi staavangarilekku ayachu. nigoodamaaya yanthrangaludeyum keying documentationteyum bhouthikavum yukthisahavumaya exposure orupole pradhanavum saadhyamaakumbozhellaam parimithavumaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, nigooda vasthukkal veendedukkaan kazhiyunna aazham kuranja vellam neridaan pratheekshichirunna kappalukalkk onnum kondupokaan nirddesham nalkiyittilla, pakaram hand siffer () upayogikkuka, udaaharanathinu, 1939 october 14 nuu mungiya yuu-boat oru hand siffer maathram vahichirunnu. aazham kuranja vellathil pottiyappol, nigooda yanthrangalum keying rekhakalum ithinakam montevideoyile jarmman naavika attaashe surakshithamaayi sookshichirunnu.
kreegsmarine anweshanangal.
aazhamillaatha vellathil oru kappalo yuu-botto mungukayum nigooda vasthukkal veendedukkaan saadhyathayundaavukayum cheyyumbol, poow chodyam cheyyal chorchaye soochippikkukayo allengil oru ejantu vittuveezhchaye soochippikkunna rekhakal puratthirakkukayo cheyyumbol, kreegsmarine oru report ezhuthanamennu aavasyappedum. vittuveezhchayillenn report soochippichittundengil nadapadiyundaayilla. ennirunnaalum, naavika nigoodathayude pashchaathalatthil vittuveezhchayude soochanayundengil, oru anweshanam nadathukayum gauravamaayi kanakkaakkukayaanenkil aupachaarika anweshanam nadathukayum cheythu. yudhasamayathu niravadhi thavana, nigooda siffer samvidaanangal vittuveezhcha cheyyaanulla saadhyatha donits pariganichu. prathyekichum, shatru vivarangalude uravidathekkurichu rund ganyamaaya anweshanangalkku addeham amgeekaaram nalkki aadyathethu 1941 sharathkaalathum randaamathethu 1943 vasanthakaalathum.
1940 samshayangal.
"yuu-33" mungunnu.
anweshanathil aswasthathayundaakkunna kandethalukal undaayal anweshanam aarambikkum. yudhathinte thudakkathil, eee anweshanangalil bhooribhaagavum ludwig stammal ettedukkukayum sambhavangalude samyojanam naavika nigoodathayude surakshayil vittuveezhcha cheythuvennu samshayam uyarthukayum cheyyumbol addeham oru anweshanam aarambikkukayum cheyyum. 1940 februvari-march kaalayalavil, patrolling boat 805 helicoland baittil nashtappettu, athinte mungal clydinte pinbhaagathu naavika khanikal sthaapikkukayaayirunnu, ithu prathyekichum apakadakaramaaya oru ooppareshanaanu, antarvaahini jeevanakkaare kaal donits vyakthiparamayi kaanukayum britiish senayude boarding ("altmark" sambhavam). mungal vidagtharkku eluppathil athicheraavunna aazhathilulla kadaltheerathil maathramaan antarvaahini pravarthichirunnathinaal "yuu-33" ooppareshan nigooda surakshaykk oru valia apakadasaadhyathaye prathinidheekarichu. athinaal "yuu-33" sambhavavumayi bandhappett, nigoodamaaya adisthaana soukaryangalude surakshaye nerittulla apakadathilaakki, swantham niyamangal nadappilaakkunnathil kreegsmarine parajayappettu. yudhathinte aadya anweshanam aarambikkaan paryapthamaaya gurutharamaaya sambhavangalude samyojanathe stammal pariganichu. chorchayundayathaayi addeham nigamanam cheythillengilum, kalavastha sandeshangaludeyum officer grade sandeshangaludeyum soochakam general grade sandeshangalude soochakamaayi maatti. thaazhepparayunna nigamanangalode anweshanam aazhchakalolam neenduninnu
8 distroyarukalum antharvaahiniyaaya "yuu-13" umm mungi.
1940 eprilil, ettu distroyarukal norwegian fjordil mungukayum veendum samshayangal uyarthukayum cheythappol stammal mattoru anweshanam aarambhichu. naavika ashayavinimaya sevanathe (4/ezz. keey. ell. aii. aii. aii. yude bhagam) vilichu, 1940 meyy maasathil yuu-boat mungiyathinekkurichu aashankaakulanaaya kaal donits thanne anweshanathil edapettu, antarvaahini mungiyathu lakshyamitirunna oru vaahanavyoohathinte chalanatthile maattathe baadhichittundennu sthireekaranathinaayi abhyarthichu. naavika ashayavinimaya sevana director admiral erhard mertons, thante keezhudhyogasthante sahaayathinaayi vannu, naalu sambhavangal nadakkendathundennu prasthaavichu, ithu valare asambhavyamakkum
ottaykku edutha eee sambhavangal asadhyavum orumichu asaadhyavumaanennu mertons vishwasichu. yuu-13" urappakkaanulla shramathil, bandhapetta ellah qee emm infrastructureukalum nasippikkappettu, bombing reydinu utharavittu. oru vimaanathile jeevanakkar "yuu-13" yude sthalam booy kondu adayaalappeduthiyathaayi shradhichu, ithu orupakshe antarvaahini rakshappeduthiyittille soochippikkunnu, reportil parayunnu. aaa saahacharyathil britiish naavikasena oru pradhana samagrio yanthrangalo veendeduthirunnilla.
norwayil mungimarichu.
1940-ll bii-diyanstilum kreegsmarainilum valia aashankayundaakkiya mattoru sambhavam "shif 26" ennu perittirikkunna parivartthanam cheytha troller patrolling boat aprathyakshamaayi ennathaanu. "1940 october 3 nuu roopeekarikkappetta dutch troller polaarukalude vesham dharicha 18 floatilla autposttukalaayirunnu (jarmman worpostenfloatil) juuliyas pickenpack. ithu pettennulla aswasthathaykku kaaranamaayi. sandeshangal thadassappeduthunnathinta oru parisodhana purathuvannathaayi anweshanathil kandethithi
thottaduttha pradeshathu britiish distroyarukale kandathin oru manikkoorin sheshamaan rund sandeshangalum ayachathu. 1940 juunile nigooda krameekaranangal rund patrolling kappalukalilaayirunnuvennu report nigamanam cheythu. "1940 epril 26-nuu "shif 26" enna chithram pidichedukkukayum kappal mungaathe veezhukayum cheythappol kappalil ninnu valicheriyappetta bagil ninnu pradhana vasthukkal kandethukayum cheythu. ithu aarr divasathekku "dolphin" qee pariharikkan jii. sii & sii. esine praapthamakki, ithu aadyamaayi oru naavika nigooda siffer thakarnnathayi kanakkakkappettu.
1941 samshayangal.
1941ll naavika nigoodatha saifar surakshayekkurich rund anweshanangal nadatthi. 1941 march, epril maasangalil naavika coode lamghichappol, bii-diyanst veendum britiish vaahanavyooha sandeshangal manassilakkaan thudangi, koodaathe vaahanavyoohathinte sthalangal pothuve ariyamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, niravadhi yuu-bottukal pratheekshicha oru vaahanavyooham kandethunnathil paraajayappettappol, sakhyakakshikal kuranjathu oru yuu-boat patrolling eriyayenkilum kandethiyathayi donits samshayichu. 1941 eprilil addeham ariyendathinte pattika kazhiyunnathra cheruthakkaan utharavittu. radio relayudeyum yuu-boat sandeshangal kaimarunna steshanukaludeyum ennavum addeham niyanthrichu. koodaathe, audyogika kreegsmarine charithramanusarichu traittan qee ayirunna, ennaal charitrakaaranaaya ralph erskine parayunnathanusarichu, naveekaricha qee ayirunna, prathyeka yuu-boat enigma qee addeham maraine commandinode aavasyappettu.
1941 meyy meyy yudhakkappal mungiyathu kreegsmarainil valia aswasthatha srishtichu. meyy avasaanathode, britiish admiraltti rando moonno divasam vaikiyaan nigooda sandeshangal vaayikkukayum "bismark" support shippinginaayi sajeevamaayi tirayukayum cheythappol avaa kandethi mukki. 1941 juun 21 aayappozhekkum avar "belchen" enna tanker mukki, juun 4 num athinusheshavum theepidicha sesham tanker avarude jeevanakkar thakarthu, vitharana kappal. tankerinteyum muun norwegian skauttinteyum sthaanam britiish admiraltikku rahasyamaayi ariyaamaayirunnuvenkilum, croogsmerine samshayangal uyarnnuvarunnillenn urappakkaan avar mungillennu urappaakkiyirunnu. ennirunnaalum, rajakeeya naavikasena abadhathil "gonsenheim", "gedania" enniva kaanukayum 1941 juun 21 nuu avare udan mukki.
kappalukalude pettennulla nashtam kreegsmarine, bii-dayanst ennividangalile siffer suraksha vittuveezhchayekkurichu ganyamaaya aashankakal uyarthi. naavika yuddha command director admiral kurt fricke, nashtam vishadeekarikkunnathinaayi niravadhi vyathyastha prabandhangalumaayi samagramaya anweshanam nadatthi. ivayil aadyathethu "yaadrishchikatha" aayirunnu, i.iii. yudhathinte thudakkathil rajakeeya naavikasena thiramaalakal "bharichirunnathinaal, prathyekichu bay oof biscay polulla tirakkeriya pradeshathu, oru rajakeeya naavikasenayude kappalin eee kappalukal kandethaamaayirunnu, pakshe avaa ozhivaakkappettu. randaamathaayi, admiral fricke oru chaaran undakanulla saadhyatha parishodhichu, pakshe thelivukalude abhaavamundaayirunnu. dishasoochana anweshikkukayum franch ejantumaarkku kreegsmarine telephone lineukal taappucheyyaanaakumaayirunu, pakshe thelivukalude abhaavathil randum veendum upekshikkappettu. ettavum gurutharamayathaayi addeham kanakkakkiya shatru cryptaanaalisinte saadhyathayekkurich frick avasaanamaayi nokki.
oru naavika nigoodathayum ellah rottarukalum undengilum, dainamdina thaakkolukalum soochakangalum illaathe oru pariharam saadhyamallenn addeham anumaanichu, eee samvidaanam asaadhaaranamaamvidham budhimuttaanennum athu chinthikkaan polum kazhiyaathathaanennum addeham vishwasichu. pradhana emm prakriyakal nokkumbol, udyogastharum udyogastharum avarude kadama nirvahichathaayi thelivukal kaanikkunnu. nigooda rekhakal vellathil layikkunna mashi upayogikkukayum soochakangal radiomine pradhana pattikakal udyogastharkkoppavum sookshikkukayum cheythu. rund rekhakalum pidichedukkendivarum oru britiish kappal oru boarding partyumaayi jarmman kappalinoppam vannu avale thirayendivarumennum (ithu niravadhi avasarangalil sambhavichathu thanneyaanu) vishwasichu. thante vyaapthi velippeduthaathe addeham theerumaanichu
ellah kesukalilum addeham ore vidhiyil ethi
shudhamaaya cryptanalysis thallikkalanju. roundappinte "vyakthavum avyakthavumaaya" kaaranamonnum frick kandethukayum report cheyyukayum cheythu
niravadhi nadapadikal sweekarichu. ellah oordarukalum achadikkukayum ellah chaarttukalum vellathil layikkunna mashiyil adayaalappeduthukayum venam. kadalil ninnu kandedutha siffer documentation qee pravarthanakshamamaayirikke aaa kaalayalavil cryptograamukal vaayikkaan admiralty praapthamaakkiyirikkaanathi, oru puthiya kyoo vaakk-persius pravarthanakshamamakki, puthiya keeyum vittuveezhchayillaatha keekalum 1941 juun 22 nuu praabalyatthil vannu. 1941 augustil donits boat nambarukalkku pakaram avarude captanmaarude perukal upayogichu yuu-bottukale abhisambodhana cheyyaan thudangi. puthiya short signal pusthakatthile (jarmman kursignale) meating pooyintukal nirvachikkunna reethi vittuveezhcha cheyyappettathayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, athinaal crigsmerine jarmman neval grid sisttathil (jarmman gradnetsmeldwerfere) avarude sthaanangal marachuvekkunnathinulla oru reethi bii-dayanst nirvachichu. ellah jarmman navikasena grid upayogichirunnathinaal, "hoome vaattar yuu-boat enigma qee" kaivashamulla moonnaamathe reach shreniyile muthirnna udyogastharkku antarvaahini neekkangal pinthudaraan kazhiyum. eee suraksha apakadathilaakumennu donits bhayapettu. oru prathyeka antharvaahiniyude lokkeshanukal aarkariyaamenn parimithappedutthaan shramicha donits, yuu-bottukalude lokkeshanukalilekku kurachu unitukal ozhikeyulla ellaavarkkum praveshanam nirodhikkunna oru utharavu purappeduvikkukayum grid degraphukalkku pakaram vadakkan atlaantik pakarakkar upayogichu lokkeshanukal veshammaran utharavidukayum cheythu. pakarakkar yuu-boat commandermark maathrame ariyaamaayirunnulloo, avaa degraph substitution booklettile table biyil ninnullathaayirunnu phlas allengil phlas (engleesha rivar), ithu naavika nigoodathaykkulla indikkettar grouppukale (sandesha qee) ensifer cheyyaanum upayogichirunnu. baachu (1940), strome (1941), tech, ufer muthalaayava ulppede mattu degraph bukklettukal nilavilundaayirunnu.
david qaan enna vaakkinte paribhasha
eee nirddeshangal offeesarmaarude thacolukal upayogichu naavika nigoodatha upayogichu pothinju 1941 septambar 10 nuu motham 504 naalu akshara grouppukalaayi aarr bhagangalaayi ellah yuu-bottukalilekkum kaimarukayum udan praabalyatthil varikayum cheythu. 1941 septambar avasaanathode, yuu-boat kappalukal aasoothranam cheythathilum kooduthal apakadakaramaayi kaanappettathinal, donits veendum yuu-boat pravarthanangalkku ariyenda sarkkil karshanamakki, naavika intelligence offeesare (jarmman maraine naachriktan officier) polum illaathaakkukayum positional kordinettukalkkaayi oru adhika coode cherkkukayum cheythu.
yuu-570" ennathinte pakarpp.
1941 augustil, yuu-boat "yuu-570" pidichedukkukayum pinneedu admiraltti echms "graph" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythathode vais admiral erhard mertensinte oru vishakalanam puratthuvannu. thante reportinte aadya pejil mertons ezhuthi "...njangalude sandeshangal ippol vaayikkunnath saadhyamalla ". ennirunnaalum, britiish naavikasena nigoodathayode antarvaahini pidichedutthirunnenkil, oru nilavile vaayana saadhyamaanennu adutha pejil addeham prasthaavichu. nirnaayaka siffer rekhakal nasippichuvennu bii. dii. yuvine ariyikkanulla sramamaayirikkaam "yuu-570" ll ninnulla avasana signal ennu addeham paranju. sharathkaalathe samshayaaspadamaaya ellah nashtangalum britiish huff-duffinte kazhivukalkk kaaranamaakumenn avarkk parayaam. ellah rahasya vasthukkalum shariyaayi nasippikkunnathaayi report cheiyunna oru "yuu-570" yudhathadavukaarante coode cheytha kathil ninnu desemberil donitsinu adhika urappu labhichu.
1941 anweshanam.
1941 septambaril, eee sambhavangal donits prerippicha kreegsmarine nigoodathayude surakshayekkurich poornnamaaya anweshanathinu kaaranamaayi. anweshana samgham admiralatti interceptukalude oru parambara vishakalanam cheyyukayum oru sradheyamaaya (jarmman aufalij) cases kandethukayum cheythu. oru decrypt cheytha britiish report thekkan mekhalayile oru koottam yuu-bottukale shariyaayi vivarichu. donits reportukal prakaram, thekkan mekhalayile yuu-bottukal purappettathinu sesham avarude sthaanam soochippichittillenum thekkott poyathinu sesham kreegsmarine commandinu avarude akramanangalekkurichu oru vivaravum labhichittillennum anweshakar kandethi (jarmman besondezhs affalig). admiraltti interceptukal "cross bairing illa", "disha kandethal illa" enniva chertthittundu, athinaal huff-duff disha kandethal antarvaahini paaykkinte sthaanathekku nayikkunna vivarangalude uravidamaayi thonniyilla. ennirunnaalum, mattoru yuu-boat signal nalkiyathaayum admiraltti athu kaanendathundennum anweshana samgham kandethiyirunnu, athu shradhikkukayum admiraltti saahacharya reportil ulppeduthukayum cheythirikkanam. septambar desember (yuu-83) 1209ll signal cheytha yuu-botinoppam yuu-boat prakhyaapikkappedumenna vyakthamaan" ennu report nigamanam cheythu. eee vishadeekaranam eee cases vishadeekarichathu britiish huff-duff aanennu theerumaanikkaan anweshana samghathe anuvadichu. britiish disha kandethal kaaranamaayi shakthippeduthaanum saahacharya reportile vivarangalumayi bandhippikkanum kazhiyunna rund adhika saahacharyangalum samgham kandethi, athil yuu-bottukal ulppedunnu
ithodeyaanu mikacha britiish dii/eph, radar, mattu locating sevanangal ennivayekkurichu vishadeekarikkaan kreegsmarine theerumaanikkunnathu. britiish lokkeshan sisttangalude uyarnna nilavaaratthilulla eee vishwaasam nigooda surakshayekkurichulla eee anweshanangaliludaneelam uyarnnuvarum. eee anweshanangalude phalam palappozhum sakhyakakshikal saadhyamaaya oro kompineshanum upayogikkaatha shudhamaaya stattistikkal reethikal upayogichu nigooda sandeshangal takarkkaan maathrame anubandha cryptanalysinu kazhiyoo enna vaadathilaanu. pakaram sakhyakakshikal nigooda roopakalppanayile pizhavukal upayogichu, athaayath.iii. oru aksharathe thanneppole ensifer cheyyaatha nigoodathayum jarmman solutationukal, nirmmitha yanthrangal thudangiya pravarthanaparamaaya kuravukalum, udha.jii. decoding sugamamaakkunnathin bombukal.
atlaantis", "paitthan" ennivayude mungal.
1941 november 22 nuu kappal mungiyathum rakshappettavare rakshikkaan ayacha 1941 november 24 nuu vitharana kappal donits valare gurutharamaayi kanakkakkiyathinaal kurt fricke nadathaanulla anweshanam aarambhichu. 1941 desember desember hains bonats ezhuthi.
admiraltti neval coode encode cheytha ganyamaaya ennam sandeshangal bii-diyanst vaayikkunna oru samayamaayirunnu ithu. jarmman sandeshangal vaayichittundo ennu nirnnayikkaan ettavum puthiya jarmman, britiish sandeshangal vishakalanam cheyyanamennu bonats nirddeshichu. rakshapetta 400-ladhikam perr yuu-bottukal rakshappeduthiya sesham jarmmaniyilekku madangi, avaril aarum thanne vimaanathil aakasmikamaayi kandethiyathayi thelivaayi paranjittillenn anweshanathil saakshyappeduthi. avare evide kandethanamennu ariyunna britiish cruiserukal thangale kandethiyathayi avarellam saakshyappeduthi. rund maasathinu sesham anweshanam poortthiyaayi. 1942 march 18 nuu, admiral fricke, kappal nashtathekkurichu chumathala udyogastharkkum jeevanakkarkkum samshayamundennum athu raajyadrohamo vittuveezhcha cheytha sifaro aayirikkamennum prasthaavichu. ennirunnaalum, mattethoru raajyathinteyum siffer samvidaanangalekkaalum "qee emm" mikachathaanennu vishwasicha frickinu raajyadrohamo vittuveezhchayo kuttakaramallenn thonni. aarum "qee emm" prakriya lamghichittilla, yudhathinte thudakkam muthal brittan ayacha ellah sandeshangalum parishodhichappol, naavika nigooda sandeshangalonnum decode cheythittillenn kaanichu.
1943 anweshanam.
1943-ll crugsmerine yuu-bottukalkkumethiraaya atlaantik yudhathile maattam prathimasa sthithivivarakkanakku reportukalil kaanikkukayum suraksha anweshanangalude oru parambaraykku kaaranamaakukayum cheythu, ithu 1943-nte aadya pakuthiyil thudarukayum oronnum naavika nigoodatha illaathaakkukayum cheythu.
yuu-boat positioning.
admiraltti interceptukalude parisodhanayil 6 sathamaanam sandeshangalum motham 10 sandeshangalum "aswasthathayundaakkunnaya" kandethiyirunnu. sandeshangalude vishakalanam avarude swantham sandeshathil ninnulla krithyamaaya sthaana kordinettukale thaarathamyam cheythu, athaayath.iii. naavika nigoodatha upayogichu, manassilakkiya admiraltti reportukalil athe sthaanangal upayogichu encaif cheythirikkunnu. prathivaara admiraltti saahacharya reportukalil yuu-bottukalude sariyaaya ennathinum avayude krithyamaaya kordinettukalkkum oonnal nalkikkond, avar vaahanavyoohathinte ruting sandeshangal avaganichu, koodaathe antarvaahini vulfpaakkukalkku chuttum ethra nannayi kappalukal vazhithirichuvidunnuvennu vishakalanathiloode avar manassilakkiyilla. oru yadhaartha yuu-boat vinyasa padhathi report cheiyunnathinu aduthethiya naalu antarvaahini grouppukale admiraltti intersept cheiyunnathil anweshana samgham shradha kendreekarichu. decrypt cheytha interceptukal naalu antarvaahini grouppukale tracucheyyunnathaayi thonni "jagwar", "delphin", "falke", "habich". oro groupinteyum swabhaava kramam traittan enigma qee upayogichirunnuvennum ayacha signalukal "officer" mathramaayirunnu siffer upayogichirunnathennum admiraltti interceptukal vyakthamaakkunnu. yuu-boat grouppukale kandethaan admiraltti nigoodatha upayogikkunnillenn reportil parayunnu. niravadhi pakalukalum raathrikalum samudrathinte ore pradeshathu ore roopathil thaamasichathinaal ithu yuu-boat vulfpaakkukalaanennu team vishwasichu. chalanatthinte abhavavum avayude aanukaalika signalukal echkyu-lake thirike ayaykkunnathum avaye drishyamaakkukayum anubandha disha kandethalinu irayaakkukayum cheythu. dii/ephile signalukal uravidamaanennu anumanikkappettu, nigooda sandeshangalude cryptanalysis allah. aswasthathayundaakkunna patthu naavika sandesangalumaayi ayacha yuu-boat sandeshangal thaarathamyam cheythukondu nigoodamaaya suraksha parisodhikkaan samgham theerumaanichu, avarude parisodhanayil valia chithram nokkunnathinekkaal vishadaamshangalil shradha kendreekarichu. charitrakaaranaaya aarr.eiii. ratcliffe paranju
vittuveezhcha cheytha itaaliyan saifarukale kuttappedutthi 10 signalukalilonnu vishadeekarichu. krithyamaaya sthaananirnayathekkaal kanakkukoottalukale kuttappedutthi swantham antarvaahini grouppukalude sthaanam alakkunnathil crugsmerine avarude swantham krithyathayillaaymaye kuttappedutthi. atharamoru krithyatha, naavika samgham nigamanam cheythu, orupakshe durbalamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna bii-dainstil ninnulla nirddishta sandeshangal admiraltti vaayichittillenn. naavikasena nigoodatha thakartthirunnilla.
saifarukalude bhagika vaayana.
eee anweshanavum thudarnnulla report yudhaananthara niroopakarkk, nigoodathayude abhedyathayude bodham shakthippeduthunnathinkal admarikkulla vivarangalude uravidam kandethunnathinayi roopakalppana cheythittillenn thonni. rahasyam chorchayallennu theliyikkaan anweshana samgham shramichuvenkilum admiralttiyude decryptukal vishadeekarikkunna thelivukalonnum hajaraakkunnathil parajayappettu. moonnu muthal anchu divasathinullil admiraltti sandeshangal poornnamaayum vaayikkumenn kreegsmarine anumaanichu.iii. yadhaarthathil enthaanu sambhavikkunnathenn manasilakkunnathinupakaram pidicha coode bukkukaliloodeyaanu aaa nigoodatha vaayikkunnath naavikasena niravadhi vivara srothassukal orumichu konduvarikayaayirunnu, chilappol decryptukal labhyamallathatho sandeshangal bhaagikamaayi decrypt cheythatho allengil sandesha decryption vaikio aaya divasangalundaakaam. admiraltti pishakukal thirichariyaanulla avarude anweshanathil adisthaana thettukal sambhavichu. udaaharanathinu, 1943 januvari 15 nuu yuu-boat grouppukalaaya "falke", "habich" ennivayekkurichu, aadya groupile yuu-bottukalude sariyaaya ennam admiraltti report cheythathayi avar report cheythu, ennaal randaam divasam, 16-nuu avar enganeyo moonnennam marannu. reportil ingane parayunnu
falke" yill ninnu kaanathaaya yuu-bottukalude ennam "habichtilekku" cherttha athe samkhyayaanennum azhimathi niranjatho bhaagikamo aaya cryptanalysis vazhi vishadeekarikkaamennum aarum sradhichathaayi thonnunnilla.
nooru divasathe padhathi.
blechli paarkkile sarkkar code saifar school nigoodatha vaayikkaan kazhiyumenkil, yudhasamayathu avar swantham kodukalum saifarukalum vipulamaayi mechappeduthumaayirunnu bii-diyanst vishwasicha oru ghattathilekku athu ethi.
britiish coode naveekaranangal idaykkide nadakkunnathinaal, naavika nigoodatha vaayikkunnillenn bii-diyanst vishwasichu. naavika saifar nambar enna peru polum avatharippichitla. 5 stensil sub tractor sisttam upayogichu avarude manass maattaan kazhiyum. munkaruthal enna nilayil, bii-diyanst avarude naavika nigoodatha pareekshikkaan theerumaanichu. moonnu vyathyastha sramangal nadatthi. norwegian prachaarana velayil moonnu rotter naavika nigoodathayil yadhaarthathil encode cheytha encaifer cheytha sandeshangal pareekshikkunnathinum thakarkkunnathinumulla nooru divasathe padhathi (jarmman hundert-teju aarbeet) ennaanu eee padhathi ariyappettirunnath. randaamathe shramathil "oru document cover (jarmman actendecal)" signal cheytha sandeshathinte kashanangalum upayogichu. supreme kamaandinte siffer beuroyaya okedablyu/chii abhyarthicha moonnaamathe patanam freekwansi vishakalanam (jarmman buchstabenweissen) upayogichuvenkilum oro sramathinum oru pariharam kandethaan kazhinjilla. oro shramavum paraajayatthil avasaanikkukayum cryptanalysis vazhi qee emm takarkkaan kazhiyillennu nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu. eee sramangal maraine commandinum intelligence commandermark urappu nalkunnathaayirunnu. yuu-boat commandermark urappillaayirunnu. naavika charitrakaaranum yuu-boat kamaandarmaarude vidagthanumaaya doow timothi mulligan, adiyanthira saahacharyangalilozhike echu. kyu. signal nalkaan captanmaarude vardhichuvarunna vimukhatha, pradhana emm infrastructure apaharikkappettathayi avar vishwasikkunnuvennu soochippikkunnu. maraine intalijansinu ithu manasilakkaan kazhinjilla. yuu-boat commandermark kreegsmarainile muthirnna udyogastharodu avarude aashankakal prakadippikkaan oru samvidaanavum nilavilundaayirunnilla, kaaranam metingukalil onnukil oro antharvaahiniyumaayum oru dauthyathil ninnu madangumbol donits meating allengil sivilian sthalangalile udyogasthar thammilulla anoupachaarika metingukal ulppedunnu.jii. kafekal, athu aakasmikamaayi sambhavichu. yaatra, sakhyakakshikal kanda kazhchakal allengil mattu chalanagal ennivayekkurichulla kurippukal thaarathamyam cheyyaan polum commandermark koodikkaazhcha nadatthaan kazhinjilla. avarude anubhavavum pothuvaaya aswasthathayum naavika kamaandinte shradha pidichupattiyilla.
anubandha radar metoxum.
radar kandethunnathil admiraltikku tharkkamillaatha leed undennu kreegsmarine vishwasichu. 1942 avasaanathode ellah yuu-bottukalilum mettox radar dittaktar (jarmman phankemesbiyobachtang, abr) gadippichirunnu. fump), patrolling anubandha vimaanangalil ninnu vaayuviloode uparithala kappalilekkulla radar prakshepanatthinulla valare sensitiivu hye freekwansi radar munnariyipp reseiver. 1943 maarchil, yuu-boat rakshappedumennu pratheekshichukondu upakaranathil ninnu positteev vaayanaykk sesham kaal donits thante antharvaahinikal mungaan utharavittu. thanthram vijayakaramaayirunnenkilum, sakhya vimanangal appozhum nalla sanbarkkam thudarnnu. mettoxinu thirichariyaan kazhiyaatha oru puthiya radar sakhyakakshikal vikasippicheduthuvennathu labhyamaya thelivukalil kreegsmarine theerumaanichu. yuu-382-ll undaayirunna oru radioman oru mettox reseaverine oru tunerilekku paachu cheythu, athu mettoxinu mukalil vishalamaaya freekwansi spectrum nedi. paachu cheytha gear staanderd mettoxinu labhikkatha oru munnariyipp nalkiyirunnu. ithu oru puthiya anubandha radaarinte thelivaanennu maraine command vishwasikkukayum radiomante upakaranam pakartthukayum athine "majik aii" ennu vilikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum nashtam ippozhum ganyamaayi vardhikkukayum mettox vikiranam purappeduvikkunnuvennu bii-diyanstum criegsmerine vidagdha saakshikalil ninnu vishwasikkukayum cheythu. oru puthiya saankethikavidyayaathinaal athu nishedhikkaan prayasamaayirunnu. antharvaahiniyile sajeevamaaya mettoxinu sameepam dittakshan vimanam paratthikkondu mettox vikiranam kandethaan maraine athinte radar specialist shramichu. 500 muthal 2000 meter vare vikirana udvamanam kandethaanaakumenn report soochippichu. ennirunnaalum, athu poornnamaayum oru thettayirunnu. yadhaarthathil anubandha dittaktar nilavilundaayirunnilla, mettox upakaranam switch oonaakkaathappol yuu-boat logukal pathivayi report cheyyappedunna kondaakttukal undaakkum. 1942 desember muthal blechli paarkk cryptaanaalistukal nigoodamaaya nigoodamaaya vaayikkukayum yuu-bottukalude lokkeshanukal kurachu kaalathaamasathode vaayikkukayum cheythathaanu yadhaartha kaaranam. ookku/chii cryptaanaalistukale, bii-diyanst vishakalana vidagdhar nigoodatha emm thakarkkanulla sakhyakakshikalude shramathinte valuppathinte vyaapthi thettayi manassilakki. 1943 augustil oru bii. dii. yuu logbukkil yuu-boat command us navikasenayil jolie cheiyunna oru swis manushyanil ninnu naavika nigoodatha vaayikkappedunnu enna vaartha thangalil athiyengilum nadapadiyedukkunnathil paraajayappettuvenn rekhappeduthi.
pravarthanaparamaaya vilayiruthal.
sangraham.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkam muthal 1941 sarathkaalam vare, sakhya theera steshanukalil ninnulla radio intalijansinte bii-diyanst desifermentukalude sahaayathode bii. dii. yuu, shippinginteyum kappalppadakaludeyum chalanathekkurichu vipulamaaya pravarthanaparamaaya intelligence mapp nirmmikkukayum vadakkan atlaantik mekhalayil sthiramaaya thanthraparamaaya paatten nilanirthukayum cheythu. 1941 avasaanathode, bii-diyanst kizhakode pookunna echx, essie ennivayude pothuvaaya thaalavum padinjarottu pookunna vaahanavyoohangalude pothu thaalavum avar pinthudarunna pothuvaaya vazhikalum ariyamaayirunnu.
oru prathyeka vaahanavyoohathekkurich prathyeka rahasyaanveshanathinte abhaavathil, eathu theeyathiyilum athinte saadhyathayulla sthaanathekkurichu arivodeyulla ooham nadatthaan creagsmerine kazhinju; saadhaaranayaayi vadakku-thekk dishayilum oru divasathe oottathinakathum. akaleyulla patthu yuu-bottukal oru prathyeka pradeshathu thirayukayaanenkil, rund divasathinullil eee paaykkinu pradesham thudachuneekkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe nyayamaaya drishyaparatha nalkiyaal, vaahanavyooham kandethaan nyayamaayathum nallathumaaya avasaram labikkum. bii-diyanst ettavum valia vaahanavyooha saandrata ulla pradeshangal kanakkaakkukayum yudhathiludaneelam rund muthal aarr vare antarvaahini grouppukal eee pradeshangalil patrolling nadathukayum cheythirunnu. avaa moonnu varikalaayi krameekarichirikkunnu, puthiya intelligence nirddeshichathupole iva maari. kizhakk, 25° meridian sameepam evideyengilum aislaantil ninnu 50° samaantharamaayi thekk pookunna variyil eee samghathe vinyasikkukayum eee variyile grouppukal kappalukale thadayaanum 45°W vare vettayaadaanum indhanam niraykkaanum thudarnnu padinjaaru patrolling nadatthaanum uddeshichullathaayirunnu. padinjaaru, newfoundlaandinte vadakku muthal flemish cap vare kizhakk-padinjaaru dishayilaanu eee line sthaapichathu. greenlaandinte thekk-kizhakkan attam muthal thekk-kizhakk dishayil 40° samaantharamaayi vyaapichukidakkunna moonnaamathe line; eee lainile antarvaahini grouppukal kizhakode padinjarottum sanjarikkunna kappalukale aakramichu.
eee pracharanam yudhasamayathe ettavum vijayakaramaya onnaayirunnu, sharashari prathimasa shipping nashtavum oru antarvaahini mungunna vyapara kappalukalude vinimaya nirakkum ettavum uyarnna nirakkiletthi. ennaal 1943 meyy pakuthiyode yuu-boat akramanangal valare laabhakaramallathathaayi maari.
mungiya 60 yuu-bottukalil pakuthiyolam varunna 27 ennavum uparithala kappalukalaal mungi. backie pakuthi karayadhishtitha vimanangal mukki. moonnu ennam carrier vimanangal kanakkakki.
yuu-bottukalkku kappalukalumayi bandhappedaanulla kazhivine badhikkunnu.
atlaantik yudhathinte pravartthana ghattathil decryption intalijansinte punk vilayiruthal pradhana britiish samvidaanathile yudhakaala nettangal" ennathinte annex 3-ll kooduthal vaayanayil paraamarshichirikkunna thaazhepparayunna pattikayude asamskritha daatta adangiyirikkunnu
eee saahacharyathil "kondaakt" ennathinte nirvachanam ardhamaakkunnathu oru vaahanavyoohathe oru thavana maathrame bandhappedukayulloovenkilum niravadhi antharvaahinikal athine bandhappedaam ennaanu. koodaathe, eee sandarbhathil "vittuveezhcha" ennathinte nirvachanam oru vaahanavyoohavumaayi bandhappedunnathil x-b intelligence upayogapradamaayirunnappol, athu upayogichaalum illengilum.

