
konsttant

englandile kentile sweyil baroyile tainham sivil edavakaykkullile oru kugramamaanu conier. tainham graamathinu vadakku oru mile akaleyum vadakkott veenjilekku ozhukunna conier kreekkinte thalayilum ithu sthithicheyyunnu. saaksan theera pathayum deseeya saikkil root 1 umm kugramathiloode kadannupokunnu.
oru pubb oru mareena koniyarile soukaryangalil ulppedunnu.
charithram.
aadyakaala rekhakalil eee kugramathe palappozhum paraamarsikkukayum, roman swabhaavamullathaayi visheshippikkukayum, kallakkadavumayi bandhappett palappozhum paraamarsikkukayum cheythirunnu. raajyavyaapakamaayi kallakkadathil earppettirikkunna kappalukalil naalilonn kent, sussex ennivayilaanennu parayappedunnu, 18,19 noottaandukalil oru kallakkadathu samoohamenna nilayil conier athinte punk vahichu.
ishtika nirmmaanam.
vyaavasaayika viplavakaalath, kentil uthppaadippikkappedunna niravadhi asamskritha vasthukkalum poortthiyaaya charakkukalum tamas nadiyilekkum landanilekkum athinappurathekkum kondupokaan baarjukal upayogichirunnu. praadeshika pradeshathe paper millukalkkum ishtikappaadangalkkum manal, cheli, ishtika nirmmaanathinaayi synderukal polulla gaarhika maalinyangal enniva konduvarunna baarjukal nalkukayum puthuthayi nirmmicha ishtikakal edukkukayum cheythu. lunden paalam muthal greenwich vare oodunna bheeman railway vioduct nirmmikkaan konaril ninnulla manja stokku ishtikakal upayogichu.
conier eee aavasyathinu anuyojyamaayirunnu (sweyil vazhi thaamukalumayulla aduppam kaaranam) thudarnnu oru vijayakaramaya barj nirmmaana vyavasaayam vikasichu.
1920kalkk sesham ishtika nirmmaanangalum simant factory upayogichu conier eee pradeshathe bhooribhaagam thozhilavasarangalum nalki. chaals richaardson (simant vyaapaari) kaanuka. pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil, konarinu ezhu valia thothilulla ishtikappaadangal undaayirunnu. ithu noorukanakkinu thozhilaallikale niyamichu, avar pinneedu pradeshathe niravadhi puthiya pabbukalilum pathivayi vannu. ithil bhooribhaagavum pinneedu adachupoottukayum parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. koniyarile brunswick aayudangal ulppede.
ishtikappaadangalilekku saadhanangal kaimarunnathinaayi pradhana lunden-sittingbon lainil ninnu conier vare oru cheria railway nirmmichu.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu upayogichathinu sesham eee variyude ellah adayaalangalum neekkam cheythittundu. eee paathayude chila bhagangal ippol baaro green, teinham muthal conier vareyulla oru nadappaathayaanu.
1980kalil adacha ishtikappanikal, athinusesham saitt vrithiyaakki. oru neenda aasoothrana apeksha prakriyaykku sesham saittinte oru bhaagath vikasanathinaayi (24 veedukalkkaayi) oru aasoothrana aaplikkeshan undu. backie sthalam prakrithi samrakshana kendramaayi avasheshikkum.
barj kettidam.
1803ll joonn huggens nirmmicha ettavum pazhakkam chenna barj eee pradeshathaanu nirmmichathu.
koniyaril sthirathaamasamaakkiya barj nirmmaathaakkalil aadyatheyaalaayi joonn bared (1832 ll janicha) ariyappedunnu. 1866ll addeham muttathu jolie aarambhicha varsham avide nirmmicha oru sailing baarjinte rekhakal nilavilundu. niravadhi sailing baarjukalil avasaanatheth 1914 ll conier yardle nirmmichathaanenkilum attakuttappanikal 1930 vare thudarnnu, 1920 kalil niravadhi barj yattukal nirmmichu.
joonn berdinte muttam ettedutha alfred marconi palatharam baarjukal nirmmichu. chilath 1960 vare house barjukalaayi thudarnnu.
praadeshika pub/restorantinu sameepamulla mareena ippozhum janapriyamaan.
mattu kurippukal.
conier chuttumulla pradeshangalum (kooduthalum krishiyidangal) nadakkunnavarkkidayil janapriyamaan, onnukil saaksan theerathe vazhi pinthudarukayo allengil sitboon, favoursham ennivayilekkulla vividha footpath linkukaloo undu.