
anatosachus

anatosachus ("duck mosal", laattin "anas" ("duck"), greak "sochos" ("mosal"), vishalamaaya, taaraav polulla mookk ennivayil ninnulla peru) nigerile gadaufovayil kandethiya notosoochiyan crocodylomorphinte vamshanasham sambhavicha oru janussaanu, 2003 ll american pooll serinoyude neethrthwathilulla paaliyantolajistukalude oru samgham "jenal oof kasherukkal paleantology" yill vivarichu. athinte taaraav polulla mookk yaadrishchikamaayi oru muthalakalumayi saamyamullathaakkunnu, oru muthalayude thalayum thaaraavinte shareeravumulla oru sangalppitha sankara mrugamaanu.
kandethal.
anatosachus" enna inam "eiii" aanu. cheria ", athinte cheria shareera valuppathe paraamarsikkunnu. holotype metteeriyal (emm. enn. enn. jii. dii. eph. 603), praayapoorthiyaakaatthavaril, articlated thaazhathe thaadiyellukalulla eathaandu poornnamaaya thalayottiyaanu. elras roopeekaranathinte mukal bhaagathum echaar roopeekaranathinte thaazhathe bhaagathum ninnaan ithu kandethiyathu, ithu aadyakaala cretatius (lettu aptian allengil aadyakaala albian) praayathe soochippikkunnu. thalayottiyum poost craniel asthikoodathinte bhooribhaagavum ulla oru muthirnna vyakthiyude mattoru maathruka (emm. enn. enn gaad 17) pinneedu kandethi. thalayotiyile vyathyaasangal soochippikkunnathu mrugathinu praayamaakumbol asaadhaaranamaaya vishalavum parannathumaaya aakruthi vikasichu ennaanu.
vivaranam.
thalayottiyum thaadiyellum.
premaxillakal veethiyum parannathumayathinaal "anaattosachasinte" mookkinte munvashath nere oru rekha roopappedunnu; oronninum aavarthichulla aarr pallukal undu, avaa vaayilekk pinnott virikkunnu. premaxillayude aantharika prakriyakal prakshepanam cheiyunna naasalukalilekku kuthane kurayunnu; avaa valare vishaalamaayi aarambikkunnu, athaayath baahya narangal dorsoventary compress cheythirikkunnu. oru cheria flanch ulppede, premaxillakal nariyal paathakalude tharayum roopappeduthunnu, ithu narukale oru paridhivare mukalilekkum puratthekkum choondikkaanikkaan kaaranamaakunnu. ithu "anatosachasinu" athinte vishalamaaya mookkinte munvashath drishyamaaya oru mookk nalkunnu. minusamarnna nariyal phosa ivayude thottupinnilaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, ithu mookkinu vishalamaaya paranna roopam nalkaan sahayikkunnu.
valare dooram vare, thalayotiyile ettavum valuthum vishalavumaaya asthikalaanu maxillakal; oronninum pathonpathu cheria aavarthichulla pallukal undu. avayude vishalamaaya visthaarathinte attathu oru idungiya alviolar marjin undu, ithu "anaattosachasinte" thalaykku chathuraakrithiyilulla roopavum aantorbittal thurakkalin mukalilum thaazheyum neelunna vishalamaaya ramiyum nalkunnu. eee ramiyude mukalbhagam nasikoppam oru neenda thunnal undaakkukayum thudarnnu aantorbittal fenestrike nere mukalil prefrondal, lacrimal ennivayumaayi kandumuttukayum cheiyunnu. alviolar marjin lambamaayi ooriyantad aanenkilum premaxilla pole transwersali allathe aantaroposteeror aayi pravartthikkunnu. prathyekichum nassel, frondall, paariyettal asthikalekkaal valare kuravaanengilum, kuzhikalum neurovascular kanaalukalum kondu maxilla valare uyarnna gadanayullathaanu.
annaakkinte bhooribhaagavum, prathyekichu annaakkinte munbhagathu, maxillakal roopappedunnu; bakkiyulla mikkavarum ellah paletine asthikalum roopappedunnu. idathuvashathu ninnu valathottu thirascheenamaayi alakkunna sharashari moonnilonnu (idathuninnu valathottu thirascheenamaayi alakkunnu) dorsali kamaanamullathaan, ithu buckel araye valuthaakkunnu, athesamayam eee alavil rund paarshwabhaagatthe moonnilonnu thirascheenamaanu. annaakkil oro maxillayilum oru cheenja aakruthiyilulla foramen undu. valare pinbhagam terrigoid, ectopterigoid ennivayaal roopappedunnu; iva projecting postaroventral mandibular ramiyum roopappeduthunnu. saborbittal fenestrayumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthaathe chonaykku kazhiyunnathra pinnott pookaam; avaykkidayil oru nerttha chonal septtam undu, avide avaa terrigoidukalil prathyakshappedunnu.
mookkile ellukal valare neelamullathum avayude muzhuvan neelatthilum orumichu thunnicherthathumaanu; avaa premaxillakal kandumuttunna intenariyal baarinu thottupinnilaayi aarambhich munvashathe asthikkadiyil rund prakriyakalil avasaanikkunnu. lacrimal asthikal ell aakruthiyilullavayaanu, oru ramas maxilla kandumuttunnathinayi munnott neengunnu, oru ramas bhramanapathatthinte bhagamaakaan thaazhekku neengunnu. lacrimalinu oru palpebral upayogichu vyakthatha varuthunnathinulla oru cheria prakriyayundu, athu bhramanapathathinu mukaliloode prakshepanam cheiyunnu; palpebralukal vichedikkappettilkundum, avaa bhramanapathangalil veenu, athinaal parisodhikkaam. munbhaagathum pinbhaagathumulla palpebralukal oro bhramanapathathinum mukalilaayirunnu. munvashathe asthikal oru stylised kyaapittal I pole aakruthiyilullathum oro attatthum veethiyullathum mookkukaleyum lakrimalukaleyum phalapradamaayi verthirikkunnathumaan.
munvashathe asthikalum paariyettalukalum oru valia asthiyaayi samyojippichirikkunnu. frondall-paariyettal thunnal shakthavum valare interdigitatingumaanu; frondalukalkku oru medial krestt undengilum, paariyettal thalayotti mesha parannathaanu, athinaduthulla aazhathilulla kuzhikal ozhike. juvenile maathrkayil, interorbital veethi thalayotti meshayiludaneelamulla veethiyinekkaal kuravaanu (rund supertameporal fenestrakalkkidayil), ennaal muthirnnavarude interorbital veethiyil thalayotti meshayude veethi ekadesham erattiyaayirikkum. supertemeporal fenestrike avayil vyathirikthamaya konukalundu, ithu munvashathe asthiyude projakshanukalaal roopappedunnu. mrugathinu praayamaakumbozhaanu eee savisheshatha sambhavichathenn thonnunnu. posttoorbittal asthikal cheruthum cheruthaayi valanjathumaanu; avaykku pincala palpebralinu uchaaranangalund.
thalayottiyude pinbhaagatthum mukalilumulla schwamosal asthikal triradiat aanu, postorbittalukalumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthukayum braincasilekku thaazhekku veezhunna pinn prakriyakale offset cheyyukayum cheiyunna nerttha muun prakriyakalundu. jugalukalkk thaarathamyena neelamulla muun raami undengilum aantorbittal fosayumaayi sanbarkkam pularthaan mathiyaya dairkhyamilla. oro bhramanapathathinum thaazhe oru cheria oval phosa sthithicheyyunnu. kwaadrattojugalukal avayude kondailukalkku aduthulla kwaadrettukalumaayi bhaagikamaayi samyojippichirikkumbum thaadiyellu uchaaranathinte bhagamalla. kwaadrettukal oottik mekhalayil ninnu avayude kondailukalilekku purakottulla konilaanu.
braincase nannayi samrakshikkappedunnu. soopparsippittalukal cheruthum thrikonaakrithiyilullathum, osiputtil oru cheria lambamaya nuchal keel undu; valia flanchukal ithu oro vashathekkum vyaapippikkunnu. schwamosalukaleyum kwaadrett kondailukaleyum bandhippikkunna paaraaoosippittal prakriyakal straishanukalude oru parambara kondu adayaalappeduthiyiriknu. osippittal contiles ventrally deflect cheyyappedukayum mikkavarum poornnamaayum basiosippittalukalaal roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. thalayottiyude oro vashathum moonnu yoostaachiyan foraminakalundu-oro basiosippitalilum rund, oru munbhaagavum oru pinbhaagavum, basel tuberil basisphenoidinum ottosippitalinum idayil onnu. brainkesinte oro vashathum kwaadrettinum terrigoidine idayil oru jodi krasttukal oodunnu.
thaazhathe thaadiyellu yuu aakruthiyilullathaanu, mukalile thaadiyellumaayi poruthappedunnu; danthadoktarikku iruvashathum irupathonnu pallukal undu. vishalavum rakthakkuzhalukalullathuma dantha alamaarakalum alviolar maarjinukalum kaaranam yuu-aakruthiyude konukal thirikkumbol danthadoktari dorsoventralinekkaal vishalamaakunnu. rund dantha asthikalum avayude symphysisil parasparam digitise cheiyunnu, athaayath thaazhathe thaadiyellu poornnamaayum vazhakkamillathathaanu. danthadoktar oru paridhivare pinbhaagathekku project cheiyunnu, ithu baahya mandibular fenestrayude attamaayi maarunnu. koneeyavum surangular coronaid prakriyayude mukalbhagam vare vyaapikkunnu, koodaathe surangular thaadiyellu uchaaranathinte bhooribhaagavum roopappeduthunnu. articularinu kwaadrett kondailukalkku oru glenoid undu; ithu saddle aakruthiyilullathaanu, munbhaagamo pinbhaagamo ulla chundukalilla, ennirunnaalum thaadiyellu sandhikalil oru pradhana attaachment krestt postaroventral undu.
pallukalkk vaayayude madhyabhaagathekku valayunna subconical kireedangalundu; avayellaam valare cheruthum valare thalarnnittillaathathum thaarathamyena cheria upayogathe soochippikkunnu. mikka pallukalkkum avayude uparithalathil cheria kaarinayund. dantha symphysisinu 11 millimeter vare iruvashathum pallukalilla, pakshe moorchayulla oru attamaan ithu premaxilary pallukal upayogichu irayaakkaan upayogichirikkaam. ettavum valia pallukal thalayottiyude konukalilaanu kaanappedunnath.
poost craniel asthikoodavum austiyodermukalum.
"anatosachasinu" oru protlass kasherukkalum ettu servical kasherukkalum orupakshe 16 dorsal kasherukkalum undu, ennirunnaalum 15 ennam maathrame samrakshikkappettitla. rund trika kasherukkalum undu. dorsal kasherukkal amphicoilus aanu, athesamayam servical centrayil hypapophisukal illa. dorsal keel ulla oru vipareeta vii aakruthiyilulla asthiyaanu protlass, rund vyathyastha neural kamanangal chernna atlasumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ithu valare valuthaanu. akshathinu thaazhnnathum, subrectangular neural nattellu undu; servical kasherukkalil neural nattellukal uyarathil valarunnu, moonnaamathe servical kasherukkalkk eratti neelavum ezhaamathethinu anchiratti uyaravumundu. dorsal kasherukkal avayude veethiyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol thaarathamyena neelamullavayaan, transwers prakriyakaliludaneelam ellaayppozhum pakuthiyiladhikam veethiyundu.
atlasinteyum axis kasherukkaludeyum vaariyellukal nereyaanengil mattu servical kasherukkal cheruthum triradiattumaanu. austiyoderm sheeled neekkam cheytha sesham dorsal vaariyellukal ventralayi valayunnu, munvashathe maarjinil oru cheria flanch roopappedunnu; pinbhaagathodu aduthirikkunnavaykku oru thala maathrameyulloo. gastraliya valare moshamaayi gardles idayil samrakshikkappedunnu.
dorsal uparithalathil maathrame austiyodermukal undaayirunnulloo; avaa orumichu thunnichertha jodiyaayi, oro jodiyum oru dorsal kasherukkalo moonnu servical kasherukkalo vare anuyojyamaanu. varikal thammilulla aarttikkileshan valare kuravaanu, parasparam aduthulla varikalkkidayil cheria ovarlaappil parimithappedutthiyirikku. austiyodermukal trapasoidal aakruthiyilullathum valare pitt cheythathumaanu; avaa thunnalinte madhyabhaagathulla oru vashathiloode avayude anubandha kasherukkal upayogichu ucharikkappedunnu, neural nattellinte mukalbhagam vashathekku yojikkunnu.
scapulakal valare vishaalamaanenkilum austiodermukalkku keezhil gadippichirikkunna bladinte vidoora attathu valare vyaapakamaayi pottitherikkaruthu. coracoidukal valare neelamullathaanu. humery neelamullathum neraaya shaafttukalullathumaan; avaa valare nertthathum neelatthinte 10 sathamaanathil thaazhe veethiyullathumaanu. olekraanon prakriyakalkku anuyojyamaaya phosa sakthamaaya reethiyil vikasippicheduthittundu, ithu kaalukal valare nereyakkaan kazhiyumennu soochippikkunnu. trijyakalkku sakthamaaya sameepa attangalund, avaa alnayekkaal cheruthayirikkum, kaaranam iva radialukalude arikukaliloode vyaapikkunnu. alnah thaarathamyena valanjathaanu. radialukal shakthavum bhaarameriyathumaaya ellukalaanu, ekadesham rediyude veethiyullavayaanu, athesamayam alnarukal moshamaayi samrakshikkappedunnu. maanukal valare valuthaanu, vichitramaaya naalaamathe akkangalund; oronninum saadhaarana naalinekkaal aarr falaamgukalundu, ennirunnaalum motham neelam mattu akkangalude 80 sathamaanam maathramaan. ivayude neelamulla anguyalukalaanu ithinu pradhaanamaayum kaaranam. avayude neelatthil idungiya attaachment grove ullathum valare sakthamaaya kamaanamullathumaan. eee prathyeka savisheshathakal nalkunnathinte prayojanam enthaanennu ariyilla.
vargeekaranam.
anatosucus" ennathinte prarambha vivaranathil, monophylatic aanennu kandethiya, ulkkollaan kazhiyaatha notosooshyaykkullil "comahusucus" ulla oru vamshavali roopappettu. ennirunnaalum, "anatosucus" "komahusoochasumaayi" adutha bandhamillennum pakaram uruguisuchideyile amgamaanennum kooduthal padanangal nirddeshichu.
paleobiology.
nirddishta peru soochippikkunnathu pole, "a. praayapoortthiyaayavarude shareerathinte neelam ekadesham 70 centimeter kanakkaakkappedunna valare cheria crocodylomorph aayirunnu minor. athinu valare veethiyullathum taaraav poleyullathumaaya mookk undaayirunnu. roopam undaayirunnittum cheruthum jalajeevikalude bhakshanamaayi ithu kanakkaakkappedunnu.

