
moureeshyasinte tapal staambukalum tapal charithravum

thekkupadinjaaran indian mahaasamudrathile oru cheria dveepaaya moureeshyas niravadhi kaaranangalal philaattili lokathinu pradhaanamaan. poost oafees" staambukal ennu vilikkappedunna, 1847ll puratthirakkiya aadyathe rund tapal staambukalkku apoorvvavum moolyavumundu. grettu brittanu purathulla britiish saamraajyathinte eathenkilum bhaagath puratthirakkiya aadyathe staambukalaayirunnu avaa. poost oafees" staambukal ulla savisheshamaaya kavarine "laa pease dii resistans dii toot laa philattali" allengil "ellah philaattilikalilum ettavum mikacha inam" ennu vilikkunnu. 1993 november 3 nuu soorichil nadanna lelathil 75 laksham swis frankukalkku (15 sathamaanam vaangunnavarude premium ulppede) eee cover vittu, ithu ekadesham 4 dasalaksham dollarinu thulyamaanu-athuvare oru philaattalikk inathinu nalkia ettavum uyarnna vila. koodaathe, praadeshikamaayi uthppaadippikkappedunna "premitives" ennariyappedunna thudarnnulla vishayangalkk moureeshyas prashasthamaan, avaa shekharikkunnavarum vilamathikkunnu.
pree-addishiv staambukal.
dweep franch bharanathin keezhilaayirikkumbozhaanu moureeshyasinte aadyathe videsha tapal sevanam pravarthichathu. fransilekkum indiayilekkum aabhyantharamaayum kappaliloodeyum meyil athichirunnu. moureeshyasil franchukaar orikkalum staambukalonnum purathirakkiyitla, moureeshyasil vaanijya tapal pravarthanangalonnum nadannittilla. 1810 desember 3nuu grettu brittan aayudhabalathode dweep pidichedukkukayum athe videsha meyil sevanathinte britiish pathipp thudarukayum cheythu. aabhyanthara sevanam kurayukayum avasanippikkukayum cheythuvenkilum 1834-ll punarujjeevippikkappedu. rubber staambu upayogichu prayogicha chila pree-staambu adayaalangal franch bharanakaalathu nilavilundaayirunnu, thudarnnulla britiish kaalaghattatthil kooduthal ariyappedunnu. 
victorian kaalaghattam.
britiish saamraajyathiludaneelam pinthudarunna grettu brittanile nilavile reejant victoriyayude chithram vahikkunna staambukal purathirakkunnathil moureeshyas grettu britaini pinthudarnnu. moureeshyasinte aadyakaala lakkangalil bhooribhaagavum praadeshikamaayi roopakalppana cheyyukayum nirmmikkukayum cheythavayaayirunnu, avaykku oru prathyeka "aadima" swabhaavamundu.
poost oafees" staambukal.
1847 septambar 21nuu moureeshyas rund staambukal puratthirakki, oru ooranchu-chuvapp oru penni (1dii), oru aazhathilulla neela rund penz (2dii). poost oafees" enna vaakkukal idathu panalil drishyamaakumenkilum thaazhepparayunna lakkathil "poost paid" ennu maattukayum staambukalude pothunaamatthinte uravidam aakukayum cheythu. poost oafees" staambukal lokathile ettavum apoorvamaaya staambukalil onnaanu, koodaathe philattali lokath itihaasa padaviyullavayaanu.
iru moolyangalum ulla orotta plettil ninnu anjooru veetham achadichathil palathum moureeshyan govarnorude bhaarya ayacha shanangalkkaayi upayogichirunnu, aaa vaaraanthyathil avar kaivasham vachirunna oru panthu.
1838 ll moureeshyasilekku oru kappalil nirtthiya 1816 august 10 nuu englandil janicha joseph oasmandu barnard aanu staambukal kothivachathu. victoria raajnjiyude profile head vahikkukayum samanamaaya nirangalil rund moolyangalil purathirakkukayum cheytha grettu brittan staambukalude (1841 ll aadyamaayi purathirangiyathu) nilavile lakkathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu eee roopakalppanakal oru penni redu braun, rund penz blue. praadeshikamaayi nirmmicha eee staambukalkku savisheshamaaya aadima swabhaavamundengilum avaa "moureeshyasinte tapal charithratthil barnardinte peru amartyamaakki".
idathu paanalile "poost oafees" enna vaakkukalkk pakaram thaazhepparayunna lakkathil "poost paid" enna vaakk upayogichu."poost oafees" enna vaakkukal thettaayirunnuvenn pinneedu oru aitihyam uyarnnuvannu. poost oafees" staambukalum eee ithihyavum moureeshyas "poost oafees" lekhanathil kooduthal vishadamaayi charcha cheythittundu.
poost paid" staambukalum thudarnnulla "primitteevukalum".
poost oafees" staambukalethudarnnu, praadeshikamaayi roopakalppana cheythathum aadima roopathilullathumaaya victoria raajnjiyude profile ulkkollunna niravadhi staambukalum moureeshyas puratthirakki.
1848-ll moureeshyas "poost paid" ishyuvinte aadya moolyanirnnayam (rund penz) puratthirakki, onno rando penz staambukal "poost oafees" ishyuvinu samaanamaan, koodaathe barnard kothivachittundu. 1854laanu oru penni ooranchu purathirangiyathu.
1859-ll moureeshyas moonnaamathe roopakalppana puratthirakki, jools lapirot valare kroorathayode kothivacha rund penz staambu, ithu "lapirot" issue ennariyappedunnu. avarude antharicha raajnji victoriyaykkethiraaya ettavum valia apamanam" ennu mudrakuthaline visheshippikkukayum fraansil "tettu dii singhe" (kurangan thala) issue ennu vilipperidukayum cheythu.
1859-ll, yadhaartha "poost paid" oru paisa rund penz printing plettukalum roobert shervin veendum kothivachuvenkilum rund penz staambukal maathrame purathirakkiyulloo. avasana praadeshika uthppannam oru penni chuvappum rund penz neelayum aayirunnu. eiii. 1859ll darden.
shervin ishyukaliloode "poost paid" 12 sheetukalaayi achadikkukayum staambu collectormar vyakthigatha allengil jody staambukalil ninnu poornna sheettukal "pooshukayo punarnirmmikkukayo cheiyunnu, ithu vyakthigatha plettukalile cheria vyathiyaanangale aasrayichirikkunnu. darden ishyuvinte sheett valuppam anjjaathamaanu.
victorian kaalaghattatthinte avasaanam vare.
1859 muthal 1862 vare moureeshyas perkins, bekkan & kambani kothivacha "britania" roopakalppanayil niravadhi staambukal puratthirakki. landanil achadichathum munbu trinidad (1851), barbados (1852) ennivayil upayogichirunnathum. moureeshyas praadeshikamaayi nirmmicha staambukal puratthirakkiya kaalaghattatthilaanu eee staambukal purathirakkiyathu. 1859 muthal 1902 vare moureeshyas britiish saamraajyathile kolanikaleppole niravadhi staambukal puratthirakki, athil victoria raajnjiye profile chithreekarikkunna niravadhi staambukalum moureeshyasinte anki ulla staambukalum ulppedunnu.
irupathaam noottaand.
mattu britiish kolanikalilethupole irupathaam noottaandile moureeshyas lakkangalilum nilavile rajaavaaya edward VII, jorjju V, jorjju VI, elisabath II, moureeshyasinte kottu oof ams ennivaye chithreekarichittundu. 1950-ll moureeshyas praadeshika thaalpparyamulla chithrangalo ramgangalo ulla kooduthal varnnabhamaaya staambukal puratthirakkaan thudangi. 1950-leeii krithyamaaya parambara jorjju araman raajaavinte bharanakaalathaanu purathirangiyathu, ennaal 1954-ll elisabath raajnji britiish simhaasanathilekku praveshichathinethudarnna oru puthiya parambara aavasyamaanu. rund seriesukalkkum ore designukalaanu upayogichathu.
swaathanthryam (march 12,1968).
1968 march 12nuu moureeshyas swaathanthryam nedi. athinusesham athinte staambukalil vanyajeevikalum sasyangalum, praadeshika ramgangalum, pradhana vyakthikalum polulla dveepinu prasakthamaaya varnnabhamaaya chithrangal chithreekarichu. moureeshyasinte aadyakaala staambukal smaaraka vishayangalil niravadhi thavana punarnirmmichittundu.
tapal steshanari.
1861ll kavarukalum 1879ll postkaardukalum 1891ll rajisttar cheytha kavarukalum aayirunnu moureeshyas aadyamaayi puratthirakkiya tapal steshanari enangal. 1896ll pathra pothippukal purathirakkukayum 1909ll letarkaardukal aadyamaayi purathirakkukayum cheythu. 1938ll avasaanamaayi tapal steshanari enangalellaam purathirakkukayum stokkukal theernnappol avaa nirthalaakkukayum cheythu. 1953laanu aerograamukal aadyamaayi purathirakkiyathu, nilavil tapal steshanariyude oreyoru inam maathramaan iva.

