
notilus

sephalopod kudumbamaaya notilidayile oru pelagic maraine molesk aanu notilus (,). notilesee suuppar faamiliyude eaka kudumbamaanu notilus, athinte cheruthum ennaal thulyavumaaya upavibhagamaaya nottilina.
rund janussukalilayi ombathu jeevivarggangal ithil ulppedunnu, avayude tharam "notilus" janussaanu. ithu kooduthal vyakthamaayi "notilus pompelius" enna inathe soochippikkunnundengi, chambard notilus enna peru eathenkilum notilidake upayogikkunnu. ivayellaam coats anubandham II prakaram parirakshikkappettirkunnu. speesheesukale aashrayich, muthirnna shellinte vyaasam athinidayilaanu.
nilavilullathum vamshanasham sambhavichathumaaya notilidayude savisheshatha saadhaaranayaayi minusamaarnnathum, compress cheythatho depression cheythatho aaya vorl vibhagangal, nere sainas thunnalukal, tubular, saadhaaranayaayi central sifankil ennivayulla involt allengil kuravo churunda shellukalaanu. dasalakshakkanakkinu varshangalayi thaarathamyena maattamillathe nilanilkkunna nottilasukal, subclass notiloidiyayile jeevichirikkunna oreyoru amgangale prathinidheekarikkunnu, avaa palappozhum "jeevanulla fossilukal" aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
notilos" enna greak padamaaya "nauttilos" "naavikan" ennathil ninnaan notilus enna vaakk uruthirinjathu, ithu yadhaarthathil "" paper notilus "ennum ariyappedunna" "argonota" "janussile oru tharam octopasine soochippikkunnu, avayude rund kaikal kappalukalayi upayogikkumennu karuthappettirunnu".
shareeraghadana.
siri.
nottilasinte "koodaarangal" yadhaarthathil siri (ekavachanam siras) aanu, neelamullathum mriduvaayathum vazhakkamullathumaya anubandhangal chernnathaanu, avaa anubandha kaadinyamulla aavaranangalilekku pinvalikkaavunnathaan. collioid sephalopodukalude <aii. dii. 1> head anubandhangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, nottilasukalkku niravadhi sirikalundu. notilus vikasanathinte aadya bhroona ghattangalil, orotta molascan call motham 60-90 siriyaayi verthirikkunnu, ithu oru speesheesinullil polum vyathyaasappedunnu. chila koliyoyidukalude koodaarangalil ninnu notilus siri vyathyasthamaan, avaa ilaastik allaathathum paadukalo sakkarukalo illaathathumaanu. pakaram, notilus siri avayude valanja uparithalam upayogichu iraye muruke pidikkunnu. nottilasukalkku sakthamaaya pidi undu, ithinakam thanne oru notilus pidicha oru vasthuvine edukkaanulla sramangal mrugathinte siri keeriyekkaam, athu vasthuvinte uparithalathil urachu nilkkum.
uracha mamsala pindamayi cherunna avaranangalil ninnaan pradhana siri uyarnnuvarunnathu. koodaathe, kannin munbulla jody siriyum (pree-ookyular) kannin pinnilulla jody siriyum (poost-ookyular) mattullavaril ninnu vyathyasthamaan. iva kooduthal vyakthamaayi valanjathum kooduthal spashtamaaya malancherivukalullathumaan. avaa vipulamaayi siliated aanu, avaa oru ghraanaparamaaya uddeshyam niravettumennu vishwasikkappedunnu.
dahanavyavastha.
eee radulakku veethiyum savisheshamaayi ombathu pallukalumundu.
mrugangalude bhakshanam-kooduthalum crustatians-avaa gadippichirikkunna paarakalil ninnu kieran kazhivulla rund interlocking thaadiyellukal kondu nirmmicha thatha polulla kokku vaayil adangiyirikkunnu. buckel koninu chuttumulla koodaarangalude krameekaranam parishodhichu purushanmaare sthreekalil ninnu upariplavamaayi verthirikkaam purushanmaarkk koninte idathuvashathu oru spadics oorgan (spike allengil showell pole aakruthiyilulla) undu, ithu koonn kramarahithamayi kaanapedunnu, athesamayam sthreeyude buckel koonn ubhaykakshi samamithiyaan.
dahananaalathinte ettavum valia bhagamaaya vila valare vipuleekarikkaavunnathaan. vilayil ninnu, bhakshanam podikkunnathinaayi cheria peshikalude vayarilekk pookunnu, thudarnnu thaarathamyena hrasvamaaya kudalilekku praveshikkunnathinu munbu oru dahana seekkam kadannupokunnu.
rakthachamkramana samvidaanam.
ellah sephalopodukaleyum pole, nottilasinte rakthathilum neela niratthilulla heemosayanin adangiyirikkunnu, athu ooksijan adangiya avasthayilaanu. nilavilulla sephalopodukalil drishyamaakunna poorvvika mettaamerisatthinte eaka avashishtangalaaya rund jody gillukalundu. ooksijan adangiya raktham naalu ventrikkilukaliloode hridayathil athukayum vyathyastha ayorttakaliloode mrugangalude avayavangalilekku ozhukukayum cheiyunnu, ennaal prathyekamaayi vivarikkan kazhiyaathathra cheruthum vaividhyapoornavumaaya sirakaliloode madangunnu. ithinte oru apavaadam vilayude adibhaagathu ozhukunna oru valia sirayaya vena kaavayaan, athil deeksijanettad raktham adangiya matellaa rakthakkuzhalukalum shoonyamaanu. ellah rakthavum vena kaavayil ninnu purappedunnathinu sheshavum ree-ooksijaneshanaayi gillukalil athunnathinumumbu filtering avayavangalude naalu settukalil onnaaya (oru pericardial anubandhavum rund vrukka anubandhangalum chernna) onniloode kadannupokunnu. rakthamaalinyangal anubandha sushirangalude oru parambarayiloode paaliyal arayilekku shoonyamaakkunnu.
nadiviewham.
natilus naadeevyavasthayude kendra ghadakam annanaala naadi valayamaanu, ithu mrugangalude annanaalathinu chuttum oru valayam roopappeduthunna ganglia, kammisarukal, connecteevukal ennivayude oru shekharamaanu. eee valayathil ninnu ellah njarambukalum vaaya, koodaaram, kuzhal ennivayilekkum; vashathayi annukalilekkum kaandaamrigangalilekkum; pinbhaagathu sheshikkunna avayavangalilekkum vyaapippikkunnu.
naadi valayam saadhaaranayaayi sephalopod "braine" aayi kanakkakkappedunnilla naadi valayathinte mukal bhaagath vyathyasthamaaya lobukal illa, koodaathe naadeekoshatthinte bhooribhaagavum bhakshanam kandethunnathilum kazhikkunnathilum shradha kendreekarikkunnu (athaayath.iii., athinu oru "unnatha patana" kendram illa). nottiliykk hrasvamaaya ormmashakthiyundu, koodaathe naadi valayam oru tharatthilulla mastishka kesal samrakshikkappedunnilla.
shell.
asthikalude ghadana oru plaanispiral shell aayi baahyavalkkarikkappedunna eaka jeevanulla sephalopodukalaanu nottili. mrugathinu athinte shellil ninnu poornnamaayum pinvanganum rund prathyekamaayi madakkiya koodaarangalil ninnu roopappetta thukal hood upayogichu thuramukham adaykkaanum kazhiyum. shell churundathum aragonitic, nakerius, marddathe prathirodhikkunnathumaanu, ekadesham aazhathil pottitherikkunnu. notilus shellil rund paalikal adangiyirikkunnu irunda ooranchu varakalulla oru maatt vaitt outtar lair, oppam sradheyamaaya velutha airisent aantharika lair. shellinte ettavum akathe bhagam oru muthullah neela-chaaraniramaanu. oosmeena muthu, athinte perinu vipareethamaayi, oru muthalla, marichu shellinte eee bhaagath ninnu uruthirinja oru aabharana ulppannamaanu.
aantharikamaayi, shell camerakalaayi (arakal) vibhajikkunnu, arakalulla vibhaagathe fraagmokon ennu vilikkunnu. vibhaagangale nirvachikkunnath sapthayaan, avaa oronnum madhyathil oru kuzhal, sifankil thulachukayarunnu. notilus pakwata praapikkumbol, athu puthiyathum valuthumaaya camera srishtikkukayum athinte valarunna shareerathe valia sthalathekku neekkukayum ozhinja araye oru puthiya septtam upayogichu adaykkukayum cheiyunnu. mutta viriyunna samayat camerakalude ennam 4 ll ninnu muthirnnavaril 30 allengil athil kooduthalaayi vardhikkunnu.
shellinte niravum mrugathe vellathil nigoodamaayi nilanirthunnu. mukalil ninnu kaanumbol, shellinu irunda niravum kramarahithamaya varakal kondu adayaalappeduthukayum cheiyunnu, ithu thaazheyulla irunda vellathil kalaraan sahayikkunnu. adibhaagam eathaandu poornnamaayum veluthathaanu, ithu mrugathe uparithalathinaduthulla thilakkamulla vellathil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyilla. eee maraviyude reethiye coundershading ennu vilikkunnu.
oru swarnna sarppila allengilum, notilus shell oru logarithamik sarppilayude ettavum mikacha prakrithidatha udaaharanangalilonnaanu avatharippikkunnath. kalayilum saahithyathilum notilus shellukalude upayogam notilus shellil moodunnu.
valippam.
"enn. eee janussile ettavum valia inamaanu pompelius. indoneshyayil ninnum vadakkan austreliyayil ninnumulla oru roopam, orikkal "enn" ennu vilikkapettu. repertus, "vyaasathil athiyekkaam. ennirunnaalum, mikka notilus enangalum orikkalum kaviyunilla. "notilus macromphalus" aanu ettavum cheria inam, saadhaaranayaayi alakkunnathu maathram. sulu kadalil ninnulla oru kullan janasamkhya ("notilus pompelius suluensis") ithilum cheruthaanu, sharashari shell vyaasamund.
shareerashaasthram.
chalanavum chalanavum.
neenthunnathinu, notilus athinte hypenomiloode leaving chembarilekkum puratthekkum vellam valichedukkunnu, ithu jettu propulsion upayogikkunnu. chirakukal upayogichulla propulsion allengil andulettari locomotion ennivayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol eee propulsion reethi saadhaaranayaayi kaaryakshamamallenn kanakkaakkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum, squid, jellifish polulla mattu jettu-propuld samudra mrugangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol notilus prathyekichum kaaryakshamamaanennu kandethiyittundu. ithu asamamaya churungal chakrangalude upayogavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnavum upapachayam aavashyangale laghookarikkunnathinum aazhathil meyumbol hypoxyayil ninnu samrakshikkunnathinumulla oru poruthappeduthalaannennum karuthappedunnu. vellam araykkullil aayirikkumbol, sifankil athil ninnu uppu verthirichu rakthathilekku vyaapikkunnu.
mrugangal athinte arakalil ninnu draavakam neekkam cheiyukayo sifankilile rakthathil ninnulla vellam kramena arakalil veendum niraykkaan anuvadikkukayo cheythukondu oosmoosis vazhi deerghakaala saandrata mattangalil maathrame athinte kuthichuchaattam krameekarikkukayulloo. malsyathinte kollayadi aakramanathiloode sambhavikkaavunna kuthichuchaattatthile pettennulla mattangalodulla prathikaranamaayaan ithu cheiyunnathu, ithu shellinte bhagangal takarkkum. ekadesham athinekkaal aazhathil kaanapedunna angeyattatthe hydrostatic marddathil pravartthikkaan kazhiyaathathinal nottilasukale ithu parimithappedutthunnu, vaasthavathil aaa aazhathil pottitherikkukayum thalkshana maranathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. arakalil adangiyirikkunna vaathakam samudranirappile anthareeksha marddathekkaal alpam thaazheyaan. chamber draavakam ausmotic neekkam cheiyunnathiloode avaykku kuthichuchaattam niyantrikkaan kazhiyunna paramavadhi aazham ariyilla.
anubhavathil ninnu vyakthamaaya kedupaadukalonnum sambhavikkathe aazhathilulla prakrithidatha aavaasavyavasthayil ninnu uparithalathilekku konduvarunnathine prathirodhikkanulla apoorva seshiyaanu notilasinu ullathu. atharam aazhangalil ninnu valarthiya malsyangalo krasteshyanukalo anivaryamaayum chathupokumbol, sammarddathil athra maattam undaayirunnittum oru notilus aashcharyappedaathe irikkum. prathyekamaayi pravarthikkunnathinekkaal yaadrishchikamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna eee kazhivinte krithyamaaya kaaranagal ariyilla, ennirunnaalum mrugathinte vena kaavayude sushirangalulla ghadana oru pradhana punk vahikkunnathayi karuthappedunnu.
indriyangal.
mattu pala sephalopodukalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, nottilasukalkku nalla kaazhchayillenn palarum karuthunnu; avayude kanninte ghadana valare vikasichathaanenkilum soolid lense illa. seal cheytha lense valare shradha kendreekarikkunnathum vyakthavum vishadamaayathumaaya chuttupaadukalude chithrangal roopappeduthaan anuvadikkumbol, nottilasukalkku paristhithiyilekku thurannirikkunna oru lalithamaaya pinhole kannu undu, athu athinanusarichu lalithamaaya chithrangal srishtikkaan maathrame anuvadikkoo.
kaazhchaykk pakaram, mrugangal meikkunnathinum inakale kandethunnathinum thirichariyunnathinum praadhamika ardhamaayi ghraanam (manam) upayogikkumennu karuthappedunnu.
naadi valayathinaduthulla pedal gangliaykku thottupinnilaayi sthithi cheiyunna "autosistukal" enna gadanakalaanu nottilasinte "chevi" yill adangiyirikkunnathu. deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla kaalsyam carbonate paralukalaal niranja andaakrithiyilulla gadanakalaanu avaa.
budhiyum budhiyum.
100 dasalaksham varshangalkk sesham prathyakshappetta aadyakaala aadhunika sephalopodukalekkaal (amonoidukalum koliyoyidukalum) ekadesham 500 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu prathyakshappetta aadyathe sephalopodukalumaayi nottilasukal valare aduthaanu. avaykku octopus, cuttlefish, squid ennivayude sankeernamaaya thalachoralla, lalithamaayi thonnunna thalachorundu, avaykku budhishakthiyude abhaavamundennu valarekkaalamaayi karuthappettirunnu. ennaal sephalopod nadiviewham mattu mrugangalil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaan, sameepakaala pareekshanangal oormma mathramalla, kaalakramena ore sambhavathodulla prathikaranatthil maattam varuthukayum cheythu.
2008-leeii oru padanatthil, nottilasukalude oru koottam ("enn. pompelius) prakaashatthe bhakshanavumayi bandhappedutthaan thudangunnathuvare thilangunna neela velichamaayi bhakshanam nalki, neela velicham thelinja oro thavanayum avarude koodaarangal vyapippichu. 3 minitt, 30 minitt, 1 manikkoor, 6 manikkoor, 12 manikkoor, 24 manikkoor ennivaykku sesham neela velicham veendum bhakshanamillathe thelinju. pareekshanatthinu sesham 30 minitt vare nottilasukal neela velichathodu aaveshathode prathikarikkunnath thudarnnu. oru manikkoorin sesham avar neela velichathodu oru prathikaranavum kaanichilla. ennirunnaalum, pariseelanam kazhinju 6 muthal 12 manikkoor vare, avar veendum neela velichathodu prathikarichu, pakshe kooduthal thaalkkaalikamaayi. vyathyastha mastishka gadanakal undaayirunnittum kooduthal noothanamaaya sephalopodukalude "hraswakaala", "deerghakaala oormmakal" ennivaykku samanamaaya oormma sheshi nottilasukalkku undennu gaveshakar nigamanam cheythu. ennirunnaalum nottilasukalude deerghakaala oormma sheshi mattu sephalopodukalekkaal valare kuravaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, aazhchakalolam contitioning oormmikkaan kazhiyunna oktopasukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, 24 manikkoorin sesham nottilasukal munbathe pariseelanam poornnamaayum marannu. ennirunnaalum, nottilasukalil deerghakaala oormmakal nilanirthunnathinu contitioning nadapadikramam opttimal allaathathinte falamaayirikkaam ithu. ennirunnaalum, shaasthranjar munbu nottilasukalude oormmashakthiye kurachukaaniyathaayi patanam kaanichu.
prathyulppaadanavum ayussum.
muttayidunnathiloode nottilasukal prathyulppaadanam nadathunnu. valam kuranja penthumbikal ottaykko cheria baachukalilo choodulla vellathile paarakalumayi (21-25 selshyas) bandhippikkunnu, thudarnnu praayapoorthiyaakaathavar viriyunnathuvare muttakal vikasikkaan ettu muthal panthrand maasam vare edukkum. penpakshikal varshathil orikkal mulaykkukayum avayude gonadukal punarujeevippikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu nottilasukale idaropaaritti allengil polycyclic muttayidal avatharippikkunna oreyoru sephalopodukalaayi maattunnu.
nottilasukal laingikamaayi dviroopamaanu, athil purushanmaarkk naalu koodaarangal undu, avaa "spadics" ennu vilikkunna oru avayavamaayi parivartthanam cheyyappedunnu, ithu inacheralinide beejathe sthreeyude aavaranathilekku maattunnu. laingika pakwathayil, aann shell penn shellinekkaal alpam valuthayi maarunnu. vividha saittukalil rekhappeduthiyittulla vyakthikalil 60 muthal 94 sathamaanam vare varunna purushanmaar praayogikamaayi prasidheekaricha ellah padanangalilum sthreekalekkaal kooduthalaanennu kandethiyittundu.
nottilasukalude ayuss 20 varshathil kaviyiyekkaam, ithu oru sephalopodinu asaadhaaranamaamvidham dairkhyameriyathaanu, avaril palarum thadavilaayirikkumbozhum anuyojyamaaya jeevita saahacharyangalilum polum moonnil thaazhe maathrame jeevikkunnulloo. ennirunnaalum, nottilasukal saadhaaranayaayi ekadesham 15 vayass vare laingika pakwathayilethaarilla, ithu avarude prathyulpaadana ayuss palappozhum anchu varshathil thazheyaayi parimithappedutthunnu.
"notilus" purushanu vaan derr hovens oorgan enna prathyulpaadana avayavamundu. "notilus" sthreek rund prathyulpaadana avayavangalund, avayude pravartthanangal anjjaathamaanu, vaalensiyennesinte avayavavum oovente laminated avayavavum.
paristhithi.
parisaravum aavaasavyavasthayum.
30°n muthal 30°s akshaamshathilum 90°e muthal 175°e rekhaamshathilum maathramaan nottilasukal intho-pasafikkil kaanappedunnath. pavizhapputtukalude aazhathilulla charivukalilaanu iva vasikkunnath.
noorukanakkinu meter aazhathilaan nottilasukal saadhaaranayaayi vasikkunnath. raathriyil nottilasukal unarthaanum inacheraanum muttayidaanum ezhunnelkkunnuvennu valarekkaalamaayi vishwasikkappedunnu, ennaal kuranjathu chila janasamkhyayil, eee mrugangalude lamba chalana reethikal valare sankeernamaanennu thonnunnu. oru notilasine kanda ettavum valia aazham ("n". pompelius "). notilus shellukalude pottitheri aazham chuttumullathayi karuthappedunnu. nyoo caledoniayil, loyaltti dveepukalilum vaanuvaattuvattuvilum maathrame nottilasukale valare aazhamillaatha vellathil, athra aazhathil kaanaan kazhiyoo. mattu notilus janasamkhyayude niravadhi madhyarekha aavaasavyavasthakalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol eee thekkan ardhagola aavaasavyavasthakalil kaanapedunna thanutha uparithala jalamaan ithinu kaaranam-iva saadhaaranayaayi ithinekkaal aazhathil parimithappedutthiyirikku. nottilasukal saadhaaranayaayi jalathinte thaapanilaykk mukalilulla thaapanila ozhivaakkunnu.
bhakshanakramam.
nauttilasukal thottam thozhilaallikalum avasaravaadikalaaya vettakkaarumaan. avar lobstarukal, sanyasi njandukal, eathenkilum tharatthilulla kozhichil enniva bhakshikkunnu.
parinamam.
kazhinja 500 dasalaksham varshangalil notiloyidukal valia thothil parinamichillennu phoosil rekhakal soochippikkunnu. vamshanasham sambhavicha "littooyats" janussilennapole avayil palathum thudakkathil neraaya shell cheythavayaayirunnu. cambrian kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil avaa vikasikkukayum oordoovishyan kaalaghattatthil kadal vettakkaarude oru pradhana groupaayi maarukayum cheythu. chila enangal valippathil ethi. mattoru sephalopod upavibhagamaaya coleoidia valarekkalam munbu notiloyidukalil ninnu vyathichalikkukayum athinusesham notilus thaarathamyena maattamillathe thudarukayum cheythu. 200 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu notiloyidukal valare vipulavum vaividhyapoornavumaayirunnu. ellah koliyoidiyayudeyum (shell illaatha sephalopodukal) poorvvikarkku orikkal shellukal undaayirunnu, koodaathe aadyakaala sephalopod enangal palathum shell avashishtangalil ninnu maathrame ariyoo. keey-piji vamshanasha sambhavathethudarnnu mikka notiloid enangalum vamshanasham sambhavikkukayum koliyoyidiyayile amgangalkku athijeevikkaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. vanthothilulla vamshanaashathethudarnnu notiloyidukalude eaka inamaayi notilus maari. naadilasinte vamshanasham sambhavicha bandhukkalaya baakkulaittukal, goniyattaittukal thudangiya amoniteukal ulppedunnu.
trigonoseratesiya (centroceratina) yill ninnu uthbhavicha notilidae kudumbatthinte uthbhavam, prathyekichu triasic kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathe syringonodylidaeyil, innuvare "notilus" enna tharam janussilum athinte adutha bandhuvaya "alonotilus" enna janussilum thudarunnu.
phoosil januss.
jurassic "senoseras" complexes roopeekarikkunna valare vaividhyamaarnna janussaaya triasic kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil "senoseras" ennathil ninnaan notilideyude phoosil record aarambhikkunnath. "senoseras" involt cheiyunnathinaayi parinamikkunnu, koodaathe golaakrithiyil lentincularilekku parinamikkunnu; saadhaaranayaayi aazham kuranja ventral, laattaral loob ulla oru tunnalum sthaanathu vyathyasamullathum ennaal orikkalum valare ventral allengil dorsal allatha oru sifankilum undu. "senoseras" madhya jurassicinu mukalil kaanapedunnilla, thudarnnu upper jurassic-mayoseen "utrephoseras".
"utrephoseras" saadhaaranayaayi subglobular aanu, vishaalamaayi vashathum ventralayum vrithaakruthiyilullathaanu, cheruthum adanjathumaaya pokkil, vishaalamaayi vrithaakrithiyilulla hypenomic sainas, cheruthaayi sainas thunnalukal, sthaanathu vyathyaasappedunna oru cheria sifankil ennivayundu.
indiayil ninnulla lover cretatius "strionotilus", 1951 ll shimanki namakaranam cheytha europian ex-usr ennivayaanu aduthathaayi kaanappedunnath. "strionotilus" compress cheythathum involt cheythathum, phine longityoodinal stritionukalullathumaanu. vorl vibhagangal upachathuraakrithiyilullathum, thunnalukal sainas, sifankil sub central ennivayaanu.
1927ll spath namakaranam cheytha "seudosenoseras" ennathum kreetteshyasil ninnaan. "seudosenoseras" compress cheythathum minusamarnnathumaaya, subrectangular wall vibhagangal, paranna ventar, aazhathilulla pokkil ennivayullathaanu. thunnal pradhaanamaayum nere ventar kadakkunnu, vishalavum aazhamillathathum paarshwabhaagathullathumaaya loob undu. sifankil cheruthum upakendravumaanu. "seudosenoseras" krimiyayilum libiayilum kaanapedunnu.
"1919ll spengler namakaranam cheytha indiayile upper kreetteshyasil ninnulla oru janussaanu carinonotilus. uyarnna wall vibhaagavum vashangalum ulla valare involt roopamaanu carinonotilus. pokkil cheruthum aazhamillaathathumaanu, thunnal alpam cheenjathaanu. siphankkil anjjaathamaanu.
"obinouttilas" chila adhikaarikal notilidayil sthaapichittundu, ennirunnaalum ithu oru argonotid octopus aayirikkam.
"2014ll malkani namakaranam cheytha paakkisthaanile upper kreetteshyasil ninnulla oru janussaanu "pucky wheel".
vargeekaranam.
notilidae kudumbatthil nilavilulla aarr enangalum vamshanasham sambhavicha niravadhi enangalum adangiyirikkunnu
2011ll shekharicha janithaka vivarangal soochippikkunnathu moonnu enangal maathrame nilavilulloo ennaanu "a. scrobiculatus, "" enn. macromphalus "," enn. pompelius, "n". beloensis "," enn. stenomphalus "randum" enn "nuu keezhil ulppeduthi. pompelius, "orupakshe upajathikalaayi.
samshayaaspadamo anishchithathvamo aaya taxa.
notilidae kudumbavumaayi bandhapetta inipparayunna varggangal anischithamaaya vargeekarana nilavaaramullavayaan
samrakshana nilayum manushya upayogavum.
notilus shekharikkukayo malsyabandhanam nadathukayo cheiyunnathu jeevanulla mrugangalaayi vilcano allengil smarakangalkkum shekharikkaavunna vasthukkalkkumayi shellukal kothiyedukkaano aanu, avayude shellukalude aakruthikku mathramalla, muthukalkku pakaramaayi upayogikkunna nackeres inner shell leyarinum koodiyaanu. navothaanakaalatthum barok cabinettilum kauthukangalude janapriya inangalaayirunna notilus shellukal palappozhum svarnnappanikkaar nerttha thandil gadippichu adambara notilus shell kappukal nirmmikkaarundaayirunnu. kuranja prathyulppaadanam, vaikiyulla pakwata, neenda garbhakalam, nottilasukalude deerghakaala ayuss enniva soochippikkunnathu eee enangal amita chooshanathinu irayaakunnuvennum alankaara shellinte aavasyam janasamkhya kurayunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu. eee shellukalude vyaapaarathil ninnulla bheeshanikal indoneshya polulla rajyangal chamber cheytha notilasine niyamaparamaayi samrakshikkunnathilekku nayichu, eee inathil vyapaaram nadathiyathinu 8,500 dollar vare pizhayum koodaathe/allengil 5 varsham thadavum. niyamaparamaaya samrakshanam undaayirunnittum, eee shellukal 2014 leeii kanakkanusarichu baaliyile vinodasanjaara pradeshangalil parasyamaayi vilkkunnathayi report cheyyappettu. eee mrugangalude thudarchayaaya vyapaaram vardhicha samrakshanathinulla aahvaanathilekk nayichu, 2016 ll notilidae kudumbatthile ellah enangalum anthaaraashtra vyapaaram niyanthrikkunna coats appendix II-ll chertthu.
manushya samskaarathil.
samudra paarakalil cheria thothilulla adipaadukal moolam polum eluppathil marikkamenna vishwaasathil ninnu nauttili () durbalamo durbalamo aaya swabhaavathinte pratheekamaayi palauvaakkaar kaanunnu; athinaal thamasha paranjathinu sesham vegathil deshyappedunna oraale () ennathumaayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu.

