
prakriya vyathiyaanam (ardhachaalaka)

integrated sarcuteukal kettichamaykkumbol traansisttarukalude attributeukalil (neelam, veethi, ooksaid kanam) swaabhaavikamaayi sambhavikkunna vyathyaasamaan prosess vyathiyaanam. upakaranathinte muzhuvan neelatthinteyo veethiyudeyo valia shathamaanamaayi maarukayum savisheshathakalude valuppangal aattangalude valupavum lithography maaskukalude paatteninginaayi upayogikkaavunna prakaashatthinte tharamgadairkhyavum polulla adisthaana alavukal sameepikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal cheria proses nodukalil (<65 enm) prakriya vyathiyaanathinte alavu prathyekichum prakadamaakunnu.
prakriyayile vyathiyaanam ellah sarkyoottukaludeyum outtputtu prakadanatthil alakkaavunnathum pravachikkavunnathumaaya vyathiyaanathin kaaranamaakunnu, pakshe prathyekichu analog sarcuteukal poruthakkedu kaaranam. oru prathyeka outtputtu metrik (bandwidth, geyin, rais time muthalaayava) alakkunnatho simulated cheythatho aaya prakadanatthinu vyathiyaanam kaaranamaakunnundengil.) prathyeka sarkyoottinteyo upakaranathinteyo savisheshathakalkk thaazheyo athinu mukaliloo veezhumbol, athu aaa upakaranangalude mothatthilulla vilavu kuraykkunnu.
charithram.
ardhachaalakangalile vyathiyaanathekkurich aadyamaayi paraamarshichathu traansisttarinte saha-kandupiduthakkaranaaya vilyam shokliyaanu 1961-ll junction breakdowninekkurichlu vishakalanathil.
1974ll skiimmert simmer threashold-volteju sensittivittiyekkurivu avarude paper upayogichu chittayaya vyathiyaanathinte vishakalanam nadatthi. ooksaid kanavum implaanteshan oorjjavum moss upakaranangalude threashold voltageil cheluthunna swaadheenam eee gaveshanam parishodhichu.
vyathiyaanangalude uravidangal
1) gettu ooksaid kanam
2) kramarahithamaya dopant ettakkurachilukal
3) upakarana jyamiti, naanomeettar mekhalayile lithography
swabhaavam.
ardhachaalaka foundarikal traansisttarukalude aatribyoottukalude (neelam, veethi, ooksaid kanam muthalaayava) vyathiyanathekkurichulla vishakalanangal nadathunnu.) oro puthiya prosess nodinum. eee alavukal rekhappeduthukayum fabless ardhachaalaka kambanikal polulla upabhokthaakkalkk nalkukayum cheiyunnu. eee koottam fayalukale vyavasaayathil saadhaaranayaayi "model fayalukal" ennu vilikkunnu, avaa designukalude simuleshanaayi edaa toolukal upayogikkunnu.
pheel.
saadhaaranayaayi prosess modalukalil (udaaharanathinu spies) line avasthakalude munvashathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla prosess konukal ulppedunnu. iva palappozhum oru saadhaarana allengil naamamaathramaaya pooyintil kendreekarichirikkunnu, koodaathe vegathayeriyathum mandagathiyilullathumaaya konukal palappozhum entype, pidaippu konukalaayi verthirikkukayum noonn-leanier active enn +/pii + upakaranangale vyathyastha reethikalil baadikkukayum cheiyunnu. naamamaathramaaya n +, p + traansisttarukalkk tt, phaast n +, p + traansisttarukalkk ff, phaast n +, slow p + traansistarukal ennivaykku fs ennivayaanu udaaharanagal.
beal.
paraannabhojikalude wiring model cheyyumbol oru oorthoogoonal koottam proses konukal palappozhum paraannabhojikalude verthirichedukkal deck nalkunnu. (udaaharanathinu staar-aarsi extraction deck). eee konukal saadhaaranayaayi taargett moolyathinu saadhaarana/naamamaathramaayum conductor kanam, conductor veethi, conductor ooksaid kanam ennivayil vyathyasangalkkaayi sibest/koorst konukalaayum pattikappedutthiyittundu, ithu vayaringil ettavum kuranja/ettavum kappaasittansin kaaranamaakunnu. palappozhum aarsibest, aarkvorst enna oru adhika corner vitharanam cheiyunnu, athu kanathinum veethiykkum mikacha (ettavum kuranja), ettavum mosham (ettavum uyarnna) wiring prathirodhatthinu kaaranamakunna conductor paaraamettarukal thiranjedukkunnu, thudarnnu ooksaid kanam cherkkunnu, ithu ooksaid kanam kaaranam ettavum mikacha (ettavum kuranja), ettavum mosham (ettavum uyarnna) kappaasittans cherkkunnu, kaaranam eee moolyam wiring prathirodhavumaayi nerittu bandhappettirikkunnil.
parihaarangalum parihaarangalum.
sthithivivarakkanakku vishakalanam.
eee sameepanam upayogikkunna designermar pathinaayirakkanakkin simulationukal muthal aayirakkanakkin simulationukal vare pravarthippichu aaa prathyeka prakriyaykkayi traansisttarukalude alanna vyathiyaanathin anusrithamaayi sarkyoottinte aouttputtukal engane pravartthikkumennu vishakalanam cheiyunnu. traansistarukalkkulla alanna maanadandangal designermark simuleshanu munbu avarude sarcuteukal anukarikkunnathin nalkiyirikkunna model fayalukalil rekhappeduthunnu.
designermar upayogikkunna ettavum adisthaana sameepanam poruthakkedinu samvedanakshamathayulla upakaranangalude valuppam vardhippikkuka ennathaanu.
topology opttimaiseshan.
polishing muthalaayava moolamulla vyathiyaanam kuraykkaan ithu upayogikkunnu.
paattening teknikkukal.
line arikukalude parukkanta kuraykkunnathinu, noothana lithography saankethikavidyakal upayogikkunnu.