manja thalayulla geco

madhya, thekke america, cuba, hispaniola, jamaikka ennivayude choodulla bhaagangalil kaanapedunna oru cheria inam gecoyanu engleeshil niravadhi praadeshika perukal ennu vilikkappedunna gonattods albogularis. ushnamekhalaa varanda vanaa aavaasavyavasthayilaanu avar thamasikkaan eshtappedunnathu. ithu laingikamaayi dviroopamaanu aanpakshi varnnamayamaan, penpakshi kooduthal chaaraniramaanu. mattu pala jecokaleyum pole minusamarnna prathalangalil kayaran viralukalkk lameller paadukalilla, pakaram mikka pallikaleyum pole saadhaarana nakhangalundu. oru kaalath eee inathinu thekkan floridayil, prathyekichu qee vestt, prajnana janasamkhyayundaayirunnavi 1990 kalude thudakkathil eee janasamkhya illaathaayennu thonnunnu. avaykku prathyekathakalude thelichavum nirangalum thammilulla vyathyasam parayaan kazhiyumennu vishwasikkappedunnu. mattu aankuttikalkkum saadhyathayulla vettakkaarkkumethire pradesha prathirodhatthil aankuttikal avishwasaneeyamaamvidham aakramanakaarikalaanu. 
vargeekaranam.
martinikkil ninnulla august play paareesilekk ayacha kurachu saambilukal upayogichu 1836 ll andrey maari konsttant dumeril, gabriel baibron ennivar aadyamaayi eee geco shaasthreeyamaayi vivarichu. kazhinja varsham aaa dveepil ninnu prakrithicharithrathinte niravadhi vasthukkalumayi paareesiletthiya araajakathvavaadiyaaya raamon dii laa sagra cubayil shekharicha niravadhi maathrkakal parisodhikkaanum avarkk kazhinju.
"gonattods albogularis" "ennathu" "gonattods" "janussinte tharam inamaanu, kaaranam 1843-ll leopold fitsinger eee janussine nirvachichappol addeham athil moonnu enangal ulppeduthi" jii. gravenhorsty ", jii. lavis ", jii. albogularis, "kaaranam aadyathe rund perukal" nomina nuda ", jii. monotype anusarichu oru tharam speesheesukalude eaka saadhuvaaya peru albogularis aanu.
upajaathikal.
2020 leeii kanakkanusarichu naalu upajaathikalund
tharangal.
paareesile museum naashanal dii histoyar naachuralil nominettu foominu rund vaakyaghadanakalundu. iva martinikkil shekharichathaayi karuthappedunnu, ennirunnaalum eee inam avide kaanappedunnillenn thonnunnu.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
albogularis' enna prathyeka visheshanathinte padavali laattin bhaashayile 'albus' enna naamavaachakatthil ninnaan, athaayath '(mangiya) velutha', 'gula' ennartham varunna 'thonda', laattin suffix '-arius' ennartham varunna 'bandhapetta'; i.iii. ithu avarude vaakyaghadanakale vivarichathupole 'velutha thonda' nalkunnu. eee taxoninu dumerilum bibron eee peru thiranjedutthu, kaaranam avar parishodhicha saambilukalkku thalayude thaazhathe bhaagavum kazhuthu "ann blank ekstrement parr" aayirunnu, eee niram thudakalilum vayarilum thaazheyum kaanapedunnu, ithu shareerathinte vashangalilum vashangalilum "ann noyer prophoned" ennathumaayi kuthane vyathyaasappedunnu-avaa jeeviyude munbhaagathe slate niravum nench velutha chaaraniravumaanennu vivarikkunnu. vyakthamaayi, chattha mrugangal samrakshikkappedumbol oru paridhivare niram maarunnu, allengil kuranjathu rund noottaandukalkku munbulla reethikal upayogicho!
pothuvaaya perukal.
parambaraagathamaayi ithine vaitt-throated cloved geco allengil vaitt-throated geco ennu engleeshil vilikkunnu, ithu athinte shaasthreeya naamatthinte oru kaalk aanu. manja thalayulla geco enna peru ippol amerikkayil eee inathinu saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu, ennaal ithu yadhaarthathil "gonattods fascus", ippol "jii" ennivaykku baadhakamaan. floridayil munbu parichayappedutthiya oru inamaayi kandethiya upajathiyaaya albogularis fascus. veneswela ithu spaanishil mee-mee allengil maachurito ennaanu ariyappedunnathu. aravaakan veyunaikki bhaashayo allengil athu valareyadhikam swaadheenichatho aaya laa guyajirayil eee geco kurumachar allengil kulumasar ennu vilikkunnu. meksikkan kammeeshan naashanal paaraa ell conosemianto vaii uzo dii laa biodiversidad 2001 ll spanish bhashayil geco kabeza amarilla enna peru audyogikamaakki. kolambiyayile oru peru gueco cabasiumarillo ennaanu. mattoru spanish peru limpiyakasayaanu. eee gekoyudeyum (mattu mikka enangaludeyum) papiamento peru pega-pega ennaanu.
vivaranam.
eee gecoic edaykkidaykku vare valaraan kazhiyum. paramavadhi neelavum nalkiyittundu. mikkavarum ellah "gonattodukal" enangaleyum pole ithu laingikamaayi dviroopamaanu. aann jecocalk manja muthal ooranchu niratthilulla thalakalum kadum neela niratthilulla shareerangalumund, athesamayam penn jecocalk chaaraniratthilulla vellayo ilam thavitt niratthilulla thalakalum shareerangalumund. lamellakal vikasippikkathe avayude vrithaakrithiyilulla puthappukalum akkangalum upayogichu eee inathe thirichariyunnu. ithinu kanpolakalilla. penkuttikaleppole niramullathaanu eee yuva jecos. 
purushanmaarkk mookkinte attam muthal vaalthatt vareyulla akalatthil mookkinte neelam kooduthalaanu. varshathil eppol venamenkilum prathyulppaadanam nadathaanulla kazhivode purushanmaarum sthreekalum ore valippathil laingika pakwata kaivarikkunnu. ekadesham 6 maasam praayamaakumbol avaa eee valippathil athunnu. mattu gecosinu samaanamaayi, "jii. albogularis "avarude vayattil kozhuppu adichelppikkunnil. oru palliyude kozhuppinte alavu prathyulpaadana seshiye swaadheenikkunnillenna ithu soochippikkunnu. prathyulpaadanasheshi mattu gadakangalaal nayikkappedunnu. jii. albogularis saadhaaranayaayi varanda aavaasavyavasthakalil kaanapedunnu, pakshe eerppamulla aavaasavyavasthakalilum ithu kaanapedunnu. praanikalum chilanthikalum ulppedunnathaanu avarude pradhana bhakshanakramam. jii. albogularis valare praadeshikamaaya palliyaan. praadhamikamaayi vaalukalum mattu perumattangalum chalippichukondu avar thangalude pradeshangale samrakshikkunnu.
samanamaaya inam.
cheria aantilukalil ithu "jii" yill ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum. kooduthal parukkan charmmaghadanayullathinaal antilensis. aanthumbikalude shareeram irunda niramullathum chevikk sameepam neela niratthilulla paachu ullathumaanu. vidyaarthi eppozhum vrithaakruthiyilullathaanu.
vitharanam.
nominettu upajaathikal lesser aantillas, vadakkan columbia (vaali dell kaukka, chokko, laa gwajira), venezuvela (barinas mattidangalum) ennivayil ninnaan ariyappedunnathu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil martinikkil ninnu aadyathe maathrkakal shekharichathaayi karuthappedunnu, pakshe eee inam orikkalum aaa dveepil ninnu veendedukkappettilla. trinidaadilum tobagoilum ninnulla chila rekhakal undengilum 2018 leeii kanakkanusarichu iva thettaanennum "jii" enna thettaaya thirichariyal adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanum vishwasikkappedunnu. vitaattas, "aaa rajyath valare saadhaaranamaaya oru inamaanu. naamanirddesham cheytha roopathinte vaakyaghadanayum cubayil shekharichathaayi parayappedunnu, ennaal naamanirddesham cheytha roopavum dveepil avatharippichathaayi karuthappedunnu.
cheria aantilukalil ithu arubayilum kurakoyilum kaanapedunnu. eee vitharanam swaabhaavikamallennum eee dveepukalil eee inam avatharippikkappedunnuve hummelink nirddeshichu. kurakoyil ithu dveepinte madhyabhaagathu danielinteyum cyberiyudeyum pazhaya thottangalkk chuttum prathyekichum saadhaaranamaanu.
veneswela janasamkhya kaanappedunnath eee paristhithi mekhalakalilaanu pradhana bhoopradeshathinte theerathulla dveepukal, pradhana bhoopradeshathinte theerapradesham, maracaibo thadaakathinu chuttumulla thaazhnna pradeshangal, cordillera dii merrida, serania dell perija, laara, faalkkan kunnukal, orinoco deltta. central lanos (samathalangal), thekk aamason mazhakkaadukal, kizhakk gayana sheeled ennivayil ninnu ithu illaathirikkunnu, ithu raajyathinte bhooribhaagam pradesangalumaayi yojikkunnu.
amerikkayil, jii. floridayilaanu albogularis ettavum kooduthal kaanappedunnath. ushnamekhalaa kaalavasthayulla eee pallick athijeevikkaan kazhiyaathe thaddesheeyamallaatha enangalkkum athijeevikkaan kazhiyum. manja thalayulla geco pradhana padinjaaru ninnu floridayude mattu bhaagangalilekku kudiyeriyathaakaanaanu saadhyatha. saadhyatha aadyathe rekhappeduthiya kazhcha report cheyyappettathenkilum 1929 muthal avaa floridayilaanennu gaveshanangal soochippikkunnu.
1960 kalude thudakkathil veneswela monche grande dell surilaanu eee taxon aadyamaayi shekharichathu. loss monjes dveepasamoohathil thaddesheeyamaayi kaanapedunna ithu monje grande dell surr, monje grande dell norte ennividangalil kaanapedunnu.
"jii. 1988 leeii kanakkanusarichu holotype kaanunnillengilum nirgguvayil, orupakshe thuramukha pattanamaya ell ramayilaanu albogularis fascus aadyamaayi shekharichathu. panaama, koostaa rica, ell salvador, cuba, kaayo santa maria, padinjaaran columbia ennividangalilum ithu vitharanam cheyyappedunnu.
1934ll floridayile mayamiyil ninnaan eee taxon aadyamaayi shekharichathu, florida thaakkolukalil ninnu ithu vyaapichathayi karuthappedunnu, ennirunnaalum aadyathe maathruka 1939ll maathrame avide shekharichirunnulloo. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil ithu thacol ninnu thekkan floridayile mattu pradeshangalilekku kondupoyirikkaam, pakshe ithu floridayude pradhana bhoopradeshathudaneelam swaabhaavikamaayi illaathaayennu thonnunnu allengil avide orikkalum yadhaarthathil prajnana janasamkhya sthaapichittilla. 1989ll qee vestt enna sthalathaanu avasaanamaayi eee inathe kandethiyathu. 1995ll qee vestt enna sthalathaanu eee inathe avasaanamaayi kandathu. 1995 muthal 2005 vare thekkan floridayiludaneelam geco specialist herpattolajistukal eee jeevi nireekshichirunnuvenkum eee inam eee pradeshathu nilanilkkunnu ennathinu thelivukalonnum nalkunnathil parajayappettu.
1988ll sharts hendezhson hythiyiludaneelamulla vyathyastha tharam pradeshangalude oru neenda pattika nalkiyengilum eee taxon orupakshe haittiyile akwin nagarathilaanu aadyamaayi shekharichathu. jamaikka, grand cayman dweep, Îlet á cabrit (fraansile gwadelop dveepasamoohathinte bhagam), hispaniola ennee dveepukalil ithu kaanapedunnu. samudranirappu muthal samudranirappu vare uyarathil ithu rekhappeduthiyittundu.
hispaniolayil ithu praadhamikamaayi theerapradeshangalil kaanapedunnu, ithu haittiyude padinjaaru bhagathaayi parimithappedutthiyirikku, ithu 1980 vare kizhakkan haithiyil ninno dominican republicil evideyum rekhappeduthiyittil. ithu haithiyile tiburon upadveepil vyaapakamaanu, ithu playne duu kull-dii-saakkilum gonave ulkkadalinte vadakkan theerathum vadakku gonaves nagaram vare kaanapedunnu, ail dii laa gonave ulppede.
meksikoo (chiapas, veracruz), gwatimala, honduras ennividangalilum eee inam kaanappedunnundengilum eee janasamkhya eathu upajathiyil pettathaanennu vyakthamalla. ithu beleesil kandethiyathayi parayappedunnundengilum athu yadhaarthathil aaa rajyath rekhappeduthiyittil. cubayile janasamkhya saadhaaranayaayi vadakkan thekke amerikkayil ninnulla naamanirddesham cheyyappetta upajaathikaleyum thekkan madhya amerikkayil ninnulla "fascus" umm prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu parayappedunnu, ennirunnaalum chuttumulla caribean dveepukalil "nottattas" kaanapedunnu, koodaathe eee inam raajyathin parichayappedutthiyathaayum parayappedunnu.
prathyulppaadanavum maathaapithaakkalude paricharanavum.
mutta viriyunnathinte vijayavum vettakkaaril ninnulla adhika samrakshanavum paramavadhi vardhippikkunnathinaayi gonattods albogularis avarude muttakal saamudaayika sthalangalil idaanaanu eshtappedunnathu.  gonattods albogularisinu oru varshathil onniladhikam santhathikal undakam, koodaathe munganana prajnana season illa. 
muttayidunnathinulla sthalam thiranjedukkuka.
penthumbikal pradhaanamaayum marangalude thumbukalil koodundaakki otta mutta idunnu. ennirunnaalum, kostaarikkayileyum panamayileyum marangal muttayidunna edangalaayi kaanapedunnu. eee pallikalil bhooribhaagavum marakkombukalkkoppam, paarakalkkum avashishtangalkkum mannile malinyangalkkum thazheyaayi kaanapedunna sthalangalum ivideyaanu. mannile maalinyam saamudaayika muttayidunnathinu ettavum mikacha avastha nalkunnu. eee avasthakal palappozhum kunjungalude kooduthal vijayathodoppam sthreekalude uyarnna prathyulpaadana vijayathilekkum nayikkunnu. oru pradeshathu muttakalude uyarnna saandrata eerppam niyantrikkaan kazhiyum, athinaal muttakal vegathil unangilla. muttakal unangaan kooduthal saadhyathayulla varanda seasonil ithu prathyekichum moolyavathaayathaanu. manninte maalinyangalkk samrakshanamaayi pravartthikkaanum kazhiyum. muttakal maalinyathil maraykkumbol avaa drishyamaakunnilla, athinaal avaa vettakkaarkk irayaakaanulla saadhyatha kuravaanu.
santathi valippam.
"jii. albogularis "oru varshathil onniladhikam santhathikal undakanulla kazhivulla penthumbikal oru samayat oru mutta maathrame vahikkoo. varshathil eppol venamenkilum prathyulppaadanam sambhavikkaamenkilum, varanda kaalaavasthayil desember muthal meyy vare ithu valare kuravaanu. oru santathi athijeevikkunnuvennu urappakkaan avar avarude ellah prathyulpaadana sramangalum nadathunnu. [8] mutta ittathinushesham 2 muthal 4 maasathinullil mutta viriyum.
shareerashaasthram.
manja thalayulla gecoic niravum thelichavum thammilulla vyathyasam thirichariyaan kazhiyum, ithu inacheral pankaalikalude thiranjeduppilekku nerittu prathyaaghaathangal undaakkunnu.
kazhcha.
manja thalayulla gecoic conspecifixinte thelichathilum nirangalilum ulla vyathyasam parayaan kazhiyumennu vishwasikkappedunnu. palliyude lense manjayaanu. manja lense upayogichu, hraswa tharamgadairkhyangal (450 enn. emm. ll thaazhe) thadayappedunnu, athinaal kannin athrayadikam kedupaadukal sambhavikkilla. varnna vaikalyam parimithappeduthunnathilum lense pravartthikkunnu. eee pallikalude nirangal valare prathifalippikkunnavayam, ithu mattu perumaattangalodoppam inacheraanulla avayude aagrahathe swaadheenikkunnu. prakaashatthinte dairkhyameriya tharamgadairkhyangal mangiya nirangalumayi poruthappedunnu. sthreekal thilakkamulla nirangalulla purushanmareyaanu eshtappedunnathu, athinaal vyathyastha thelicham kandethanulla kazhivu inayude thiranjeduppine nerittu badhikkunnu. oru inaye thiranjedukkunnathinu ithu upayogapradamaakumenkilum pallikal mattonninte aduthaayirikkumbol maathrame ithu upayogikkaan kazhiyoo.
inacheral.
manja thalayulla gecos pradesham samrakshikkunnathinum vettayaadal virudha samvidaanangal enna nilayilum aakramanathmaka perumattangal prakadippikkunnu. inacheral vijayam paramavadhi vardhippikkunnathinu avaa vyathyastha nirangalum pradarshippikkunnu. 
purushanmaarude antharnirddishta edapedalukal.
mattu purushanmaaril ninnu mathramalla, vettakkaaril ninnum thangalude pradeshangale samrakshikkaan sahayikkunna niravadhi aakramanathmaka perumattangal purushanmaarkkund. thondavedana, push-appukal, wall pradarshanangal, shareeram muzhuvan chalippikkal, kadiyettukal enniva eee perumattangalil chilathaanu. thangalude pradeshangal samrakshikkunnathil uyarnna vijayamulla purushanmaar eee aakramanathmaka perumattangal kooduthal prakadippikkukayum perumattangal valare kooduthal kaalam nilanilkkukayum cheythu. thondayude marddam pole shareerathinte oru bhagam maathram chalippichukondu kooduthal sookshumamaaya chalanangalil ninnaan eee geco aarambhikkunnath. avanu kooduthal bheeshani thonnunnuvenkil, push-appukal allengil muzhuvan shareeravum kaineettunnath polulla kooduthal shakthavum aakramanathmakavumaaya perumattangal avan prakadippikkum. eee aakramanathmaka perumattangal saadhaaranayaayi uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchakazhinju uchaka aakramanathmaka perumattangal uchakazhinju uyarumennu oru sidhaantham soochippikkunnu, kaaranam avayude vettakkar athra sajeevamalla. jii. albogularisinu avarude aavaasavyavasthaye samrakshikkunnathiloodeyum inakale thirayunnathiloodeyum avarude shaareerikakshamatha vardhippikkaanulla avasaramund.
mattu jeevajaalangalkk samaanamaayi, uyarnna shareera pindam palappozhum kooduthal aakramanathmakamaaya perumattangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. eee purushanmaar kooduthal prabalarayathinaal valia shareera pindove kooduthal prathyulpaadana vijayavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. eee gakoyile aakramana nilavaarathinu testostiron oru sambhavana nalkunnilla. kooduthal aakramanathmakamaaya purushanmaarkk valia shareera pindam mathramalla cheruthum bharam kuranjathumaaya vrishanangalum undaayirunnu. adrenaline, noradrinaline ennivayude hormonukalude alavu vardhikkunnathu uyarnna akramanavumaayi bandhappettirikkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu.
ina thirayunna swabhaavam.
pala speesheesukaleyum pole, swaabhaavika thiranjeduppum laingika thiranjeduppum jii yill parasparam ethiraayi pravartthikkunnu. albogularis. inacheral aavasyangalkkaayi, sthreekal saadhaaranayaayi thilakkamulla nirangalulla purushanmareyaanu eshtappedunnathu. ennirunnaalum, chila thilakkamulla nirangal aanthumbikale vettayaadaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaakkunnu. vyakthathayillathath purushanmaarkk athijeevanathinulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanengilum inaye kandethanulla saadhyatha ganyamaayi kuraykkunnu. manjaniramulla purushanmaar ithil ninnu oru apavaadamaanu. chuvanna aankuttikalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, manja aankuttikal mattu aankuttikale marikadakkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu, koodaathe vettayaadaanulla saadhyatha kuravaanu. niram aadhipathyathinte adayaalam koodiyaanu, athinaal laingikavum swaabhaavikavumaaya thiranjeduppukalil avaykku oru nettamundu. oru pareekshanatthil, aann pallikalude nirangal oru prakasham upayogichu marachirunnu. nirangal marachuvekkumbol, sthreekal neela aankuttikaleyaanu eshtappedunnathennu thonni. ithu soochippikkunnathu sthreekal neela aankuttikale eshtappedunnu, ennaal manja aankuttikalaanu kooduthal probaler, athinaal avarkk avarude athiraalikale apekshichu uyarnna nirakkil sthreekalumaayi inacheraanaakum.
vettakkar.
manja thalayulla gekoyude oru vettakkaaran thavitt weinsnake allengil "ooksibelis ainiyas" aanu. paambu pally konnathayi maathram reportukal undu, upabhogam nireekshikkappettilla. thavittuniratthilulla weinsnake athinte valippamulla pinkaalukalum mithamaaya vishavum upayogichu iraye akramikkunnu. avayude mattu vettakkaaril chilar valia pallikal, pakshikal, sasthanikal ennivayaanu.
paraannabhojikal.
jii. palatharam nemattodakalum albogularis paraannabhojikalaakkaan saadhyathayund. cosmoserca parwa", "paaraafaaringodon scleratus", "physaloptere rettoosa", "scrabinalasia galliardy", "spouligodon bonairansis", "spouligodon ookskutskaabensis" enniva chila enangalil ulppedunnu. eee paraannabhojikale generalist helminthukalaayi tharamthirickunnu, avaa saadhaaranayaayi dahananaalathil (vayarilum cheruthum valuthumaaya kudalilum) kaanapedunnu. ettavum prachaaratthilullava "scrajabinalesia galliardy", "spouligodon ookskutskaabiyensi" ennivayaanu. ookskutskaabiyensi "palliyude aarogyathinu ettavum doshakaramaaya phalangal undaakkunnu.
perumaattatthil ninnu rakshappeduka.
vettayaadalinte saadhyatha kuraykkunnathinu, oru vettayaadal athil pidichaal manja thalayulla gecoic athinte wall nashtappedum. vettayaadal apakadasaadhyatha rakshappedaanulla chelavinekkaal kooduthalaayirikkumbol maathrame palliyude wall nashtappedukayulloo ennu escape behaviour sidhaantham parayunnu. eee nadapadi prarambha aakramanathil ninnu prathirodham nalkunnundengilum, thudarnnulla akramanam undaayal wall nashtappedunnathu athijeevanathinulla saadhyatha kuraykkunnu. oru vyakthiyude wall nashtappettathinusesham, avar kooduthal rakshappedaanulla perumaattam prakadippikkum. avarkk aaa adhika samrakshana paali illaathathinaal vettakkaare thangalodu athra aduthu pookaan avar anuvadikkilla. wall veendum valarumbol, rakshappedaanulla swabhaavam kurayunnu, kaaranam pallikalkk kooduthal samrakshanamullathinaal vettayaadalinu athra saadhyathayilla. parakkal aarambikkunna dooram parimithappeduthunnathina pallikalkk wall nashtappettaal avaa avarude abhayakendrathodu aduthu thanne nilkkum. parakkal aarambikkunna dooram "ira oodippokaan thudangumbol irayum aduthuvarunna vettakkaaranum thammilulla doorathe vivarikkunnu.manja thalayulla aann, penn gacosil, parakkal aarambikkunna dooravum aduthulla abhayasthaanathekkulla dooravum kriyaathmakamaayi parasparabandhithamaayirunnu. vimaanathinte arambha samayam vardhichathode aduthulla abhayasthaanathekkulla dooravum vardhichu.
eee palli rakshappedaanulla perumaattam prakadippikkunnundo illayo ennathilum thaapanilaykk oru pankundu. uyarnna thaapanila palliyum athinte vettakkaaranum thammilulla kuranja dooravumaayi bandhappettirikkanaanu kooduthal saadhyatha. uyarnna thapanilayil palliyude pravartthana nila kooduthalaanu. vettakkaaran kazhiyunnathra aduthethunnathinaayi kaathirikkunnathiloode, oorjjachelav parimithamaakum, angane shaareerikakshamatha vardhikkum.
manja thalayulla penn gakoyude guruthwaakarshanathe soochippikkunnathaanu rakshappedaanulla perumattangal. eee prathibhaasatthe palappozhum perumatta nashtapariharam ennu vilikkunnu, erapidiyanmaare ozhivaakkunnathinte chelavukalum nettangalum santhulithamaakkunnathinu aakarshakamaaya sthreekal parakkal arambha doorathilum olichotta doorathilum avarude perumattangal maattum. bhaarameriyathum pathukke neengunnavayumaaya penthumbikalkku uyarnna parakkal arambha dooram, dooram oodippokal, abhayam thedaanulla dooram enniva kuravaanu. 
paristhithi.
manja thalayulla jecos praanikale bhakshikkunnu. avaa pradhaanamaayum dainamdinamaanu, ennirunnaalum avaa nerittu sooryaprakaasham ozhivaakkunnu. panaamayil nadatthiya oru padanatthil avaa kaalaanusrithamaayi muttayidaamennum mazhakkaalathu kooduthal muttayidumennum kandethi. oru samayat oru mutta maathrame idunnulloo.
aavaasavyavastha.
ushnamekhalaa varanda vanangal, vanathinte arikukal, naravamshajanya aavaasavyavasthakal ennivayaanu eee inam eshtappedunnathennu thonnunnu. haithiyil ithu praadhamikamaayi theerathu oru "kettidanirmmaana" thaayaanu kaanappedunnath-athaayath ithu manushya kettidangale aavaasavyavasthayaayi eshtappedunnu ennaanu. avaa chilappol akathu kandethaam. thalphalamaayi, avaa manushya pravarthanangalulla pradeshangalil praveshikkaanum manushyarumaayi edapazhakaanum saadhyathayund.
manushyarumayulla bandham.
bandham vare "pega-pega" aantileesukalil valareyadhikam bhayappettirunnu, munbu andhavishwaasam nilaninnirunna aantileesukalil athu ningalude mail kayariyal athu svayam muruke pidikkum, athu neekkam cheiyunnathu eathaandu asaadyamaanu, ettavum mikacha prathividhi athu kathikkuka ennathaanu oru sigaratt, choodulla vasthrangal irumbu allengil athil thilaykkunna vellam ozhikkuka. ithu vishamaanenn chilar avakashappettu. eee noottaandinte avasaanathode yuvathalamuraykkidayil eee andhavishwaasam erekkure mangi.

