
phinittari

ganithathilum yukthiyilum, oru pravarthanatthinu parimithamaaya aritti undengil athu parimithamaanu, i.iii. athinu parimithamaaya ennam inputt moolyangal undengil. athupole, ananthamaaya inputt moolyangalulla onnaanu ananthamaaya pravartthanam. 
staanderd ganithashaasthrathil, oru ooppareshan nirvachanam anusarichu sookshumamaanu. athinaal eee padangal saadhaaranayaayi ananthamaaya yukthiyude pashchaathalatthil maathrame upayogikkunnulloo.
parimithamaaya vaadam.
parimithamaaya oru koottam sidhaanthangalil ninnu aarambikkunna parimithamaaya pratheekathmaka nirddeshangalilekku vivarthanam cheyyaan kazhiyunna onnaanu oru parimithamaaya aargyument. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, mathiyaya valia kadalaasil ezhuthaan kazhiyunna oru thelivaanu (ellah anumaanangalum ulppede) ithu.
ithinu vipareethamaayi, ananthamaaya deerghamaaya prasthaavanakalum thelivukalum anuvadikkunna yukthikale ananthamaaya yukthi padikkunnu. atharamoru yukthiyil, oraalkk asthithvaparamaaya alavu kanakkakkaam, udaaharanathinu, oru ananthamaaya vichedanam.
charithram.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil yukthivaadikal aditharakalude prashnam pariharikkan lakshyamittu, "ganithashaasthrathinte yadhaartha adisthaanam enthaanu?"" "ardhashaasthram illaathe" "poornnamaayum vaakyaghadana bhasha upayogichu ellah ganithashaasthravum mattiyezhuthaan prograam prapthamaayirunnu". david hilbertinte vaakkukalil (jyaamithiye paraamarsikkunna), "nammal kaaryangale" kaserakal "," meshakal "," bear maggukal "allengil" pooyintukal "," varikal "," plains "ennu vilikkunnundo ennathu prashnamalla."
manushyante "ganitha" chintha parimithamaaya samkhyakal adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanum ellah yukthikalum adisthaanaparamaayi oru niyamam pinthudarunnuvennum ulla aashayathil ninnaan parimithathaykku oonnal labhichathu "modus ponense". parimithamaaya ennam chinnangal (pradhaanamaayum 1,2,3, akkangal) nischayikkuka ennathaayirunnu padhathi... aksharamalayile aksharangalum "+", " <unk>", (",") "thudangiya chila prathyeka chinnangalum.), aaa chinnangalil prakadippichirikkunna parimithamaaya ennam nirddeshangalum, avaa "aditharakalaayi" (svayamsidhavaakyangal) edukkendathum, manushyar nigamanagalil athunna reethiye maathrkayaakkunna chila anumana niyamangalum nalkuka. ivayil ninnu, "chinnangalude ardhaparamaaya vyaakhyaanam pariganikkathe" bakkiyulla sidhaanthangal chaathuryathe aashrayikkenda aavasyamillaathe prasthaavicha niyamangal maathram upayogichu (ithu ganithashaasthrathe oru "shaasthrathekkaal" "chinnangalulla kalii" pole kaanunnu) "aupachaarikamaayi" paalikkanam. eee sidhaanthangalil ninnum niyamangalil ninnum ganithashaasthrathinte "ellah" sidhaanthangalum oohikkaan kazhiyumennu theliyikkuka ennathaayirunnu prateeksha. aaa lakshyathe logisism ennu vilikkunnu.