pepadep

aafrikkan pannippani unmoolanam cheiyunnathinum pannikale valarthunnathinum (pepadep) (pepadep) haittiyil nadanna oru vikasana padhathiyaanu. aikyaraashtrasabhayude bhakshya-kaarshika samghadana; american samsthaanangalude samghadanayude oru shaakhayaaya (aii. aii. sii. eiii); anthaaraashtra vikasana baank; meksikoo, canada, american aikyanaadukalile sarkkarukal; haithiyile aafrikkan pannippani (eiii. ezz. eph) yude durbalappeduthunna prathyaaghaathangal illaathaakkunnathinum uthppaadanakshamamaaya panni vyavasaayathinte vikasanam aarambikkunnathinum 1981 ll haiti sarkkarum chernnaanu ithu aarambhichath.
aafrikkan pannippani pannikalude valare pakarchavyaadhiyum maarakavumaya rogamaanu, ithu prathirodha kuthivayppukalo chikitsayo labhyamallathathinaal panni janasamkhyaye illaathaakkunnu. dominican republicil aadyamaayi eiii. ezz. eph prathyakshappettappol, 15 kilometer chuttalavilulla athirthiyile ellah haishyan pannikaleyum unmoolanam cheyyaan haishyan sarkkar utharavittu. 100, 000 pannikale vadhichu. karshakarkk undaaya nashtatthinu nashtapariharam labhichilla, koodaathe prathirodha nadapadikal rogavyapanam thadayunnathil parajayappettu. 1978 avasaanathode eiii. ezz. eph haitiyilekku vyaapichu. haithiyude vadakkan ayalvaasikal aashankayode vyaapanam kandu. aafrikkan pannippani eppozhengilum amerikkayil vannal athu 150 dasalaksham dollar muthal 5 bilyan dollar vare naashanashtamundaakkumennu padanangal soochippikkunnu. eee bhayam american, canadian, meksikkan sarkkaarukale aikkayiloode haishyan sarkkaaril pannippani unmoolanam cheyyaanulla padhathi adichelppikkaan prerippichu. eee padhathi, pepadep, lalithamaayirunnu haittiyile ellah pannikaleyum kollukayum america, canada, meksikoo ennividangalil ninnulla videsha pannikalumayi panni janasamkhyaye veendum sambharikkukayum cheyyuka.
valarthumrigangal, vaarthogukal, mulpadarppukal, mriduvaaya kothukukal ennivaye badhikkunna valare pakarchavyaadhiyaanu eiii. ezz. eph. vairas valarthumrigangalil marakamaaya hemoragic rogathinu kaaranamaakunnu; chila vakabhedangal anubaadhaykk sesham oraazhchaykkullil mrugangalude maranathinu kaaranamakum. 1921ll keniyayilaan eee rogam aadyamaayi rekhappeduthappettathu, mikka sub-saharan aafrikkan raajyangalilum ithu kaanapedunnu. 1957ll thekkan europilekkum europilekkum caribean mekhalayilekkum ithu vyaapichu. europil ninno aafrikkayil ninno dominican republicilekku eiii. ezz. eph. ethi, haitiyilekku vyaapichu.
grameena graamapradeshangaliludam kaattupannikalude ennam nilanilkkunnathayi kandethiyappol unmoolanam cheyyaanulla sramangal eathaandu poortthiyaayi. thekkukizhakkan sahakarana vanyajeevi roga patanam (ezz. sii. dablyu. dii. ezz) yuu. ezz. dii. ayumaayi chernnu haithiyil eiii. ezz. eph vairasinu abhayam nalkunna kaattupanni janasamkhyaye thirichariyunnathinum illaathaakkunnathinum pravarthichu. niravadhi vanyamrugangalude ennam kandethukayum gonaivsinu vadakkulla oru prathyeka janasamkhyaykku vairas baadha sthireekarikkukayum cheythu. janasamkhya kuraykkunnathinu american, haishyan hogg-vetta naaykkalude upayogam ezz. sii. dablyu. dii. ezz pattikapedutthi. vanyajeevi jeevashaasthranjanum parichayasambannanaaya hogg hunder maarkk dablyu. vanyajeevi saankethika vidagthanaaya mathyoo noxumaayi chernnu haal schwadukalude sramathinu neethrthwam nalkunnu. jackmell, gonives, pettitt-true-dii-nipps, cap-haitteen ennee pradeshangalil dussen kanakkinu kaattupannikale illaathaakki. haalum noxes "woodoo hogg" ennariyappedunna oru chattha panniyude sample eduthu, athu cap-haitteenin padinjaaru oru chooral vayalil maashettukal upayogichu aayudhadhaarikalaaya oru koottam haittiyanukalum jeevashaasthranjanaaya peettar keey. yum konnu. ezz. sii. dablyu. dikalkkayulla ferrell panniroga anweshanam swiderek poortthiyaakki. 
1982 epril 28 nuu president jeane-claude duvalier rajyath rogam unmoolanam cheythathayi prakhyapikkukayum adutha varsham pepadep paripadi audyogikamaayi avasanippikkukayum cheythu. ekadesham 9.5 dasalaksham dollar chelavil ekadesham 384,000 pannikale konnu.

