
joonn enn. bahkol

joonn norris baccoll (desember 30,1934-august 17,2005) oru american jyothishbhouthikashaasthrunjam instittyoott phoor advanced stadiyile aastrophysixinte richard black professorumaayirunnu. sourorjja neutrino prashnam, hubble space telescopinte vikasanam, prinsettanile vipulamaaya padanatthinulla instittyoottinte vikasanam ennivayulppede sourorjjam, galaxy, extra galaxic astrophysicsil addeham nalkia vishalamaaya sambhaavanakalkk addeham ariyappettirunnu.
adyakaalavum kudumbajeevithavum.
1934 desember 30 nuu louisianayile shreveportil oru jootha kudumbatthil janicha bahkol pinneedu oru parishkarana rabbiyakanulla aadyakaala abhilaashathe vivarichu. haiskoolil addeham sayans klaasukal eduthirunnilla. haiskoolil addeham oru samsthaana tennies chaambyanum deseeya debate chaambyanum (1952) aayirunnu. 
1960kalil weisman instittyoottil biruda vidyaarthiyaayirunnapol kandumuttya prinsettan yooniversitti astrophysics professor netha baahkoline bahkol vivaham kazhichu. avarkk oru makalum rund aanmakkalum undaayirunnu. 2005 august 17nuu newyorkkil vachu apoorva rakthakkuzhappam moolam addeham marichu.
academic currier.
louisiana stettu yooniversittiyil tennies scholarshippil philosophy vidyaarthiyaayi thante sarvakalashaala patanam aarambhicha bahkol avide rabbinettu padikkunnathinekkurichu chinthichu. thante puthuvarshaavasaanathil addeham berkleyile california sarvakalaashaalayilekk thamasam maari, appozhum thathwachintha padikkunnu. birudaananthara shaasthra aavasyakatha niravettunnathinaayi addeham thante aadya bhauthikashaasthra klaas eduthu, pinneedu paranju
bahkol bhauthikashaasthrathilekku mejarmaaraayi maarukayum 1956ll berkleyil ninnu bhauthikashaasthrathil eiii. bii birudam nedukayum cheythu. 1957ll chikkago sarvakalashaalayil ninnu bhauthikashaasthrathil emm. esum 1961ll harwardil ninnu bhauthikashaasthrathil phd nedi.
indiana sarvakalashaalayil emil konopinskikkoppam bhauthikashaasthrathil research fello aayi addeham oru varsham chelavazhichu. aii. dii. 1ll ninnu, california instittyoott oof teknolajiyude kellog laboratariyil vilyam foularude neethrthwathilulla oru groupinoppam addeham pravarthichu. aadyam oru research fello aayum pinneedu asisttant, associate professor ennee nilakalilum.
1968ll nyoojezhsiyile prinsettanile instittyoott phoor advanced stadiyil chernna bahkol 1971ll prakrithishaasthra professor 1997ll prakrithishaasthrathinte richard black professor aayi. 
1976ll naashanal akkadami oof sciencesil bahkol amgamaayi. 
addeham 1990-92 ll ninnu american aastronamikkal sosaittiyude prasidantaayirunnu, maranadivasam american physical sosaittiyude presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu.
gaveshanam.
arunooriladhikam shaasthreeya prabandhangal prasidheekaricha bahkol jyothishbhouthikashaasthrathu onpathu pusthakangal ezhuthukayo edittu cheiyukayo cheythu.
staanderd solar model sthaapikkunnathile addehathinte pravarthanatthinu bahkol ettavum sradheyanaanu. thante jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum addeham bhauthika rasathanthranjanaaya reymond davis juuniyarinoppam solar neutrino prashnam pinthudarnnukondu chelavazhichu. davis bahkol orumichu homstekku pareekshanatthil sahakarichu. baahkolinte saidhaanthika pravachanangal parishodhikkunnathinaayi, davis oru thekkan dakota swarnna khaniyil neutrinokalkkaayi oru bhoogarbha dittaktar srishtichu, pradhaanamaayum shudheekarikkunna draavakam niranja oru valia tank. dittaktar kandethiya nyootrinokalude ozhukk saidhaanthikamaayi bahkol pravachicha thukayude moonnilonnaanu, ithu pariharikkan muppath varshathilere samayameduthu. eee mekhalayil baahkolinte thudarchayaaya gaveshanangal sourorjja neutrinokalekkurichulla oru saadhaarana paraamarshamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna "neutrino astrophysics" (1989) enna addehathinte pusthakam prasidheekarikkaan kaaranamaayi.
baahkolinte sourorjja maathrkayil ninnu pravachicha neutrinokale nireekshikkunnathilum athuvazhi baahkolinte pravachanatthe nyaayeekarikkunnathilum munnirayilulla pravarthanangalkku davinteyum masatoshi koshibayudeyum bhauthikashaasthrathinulla 2002 leeii nobal sammanam labhichu.
sourorjja neutrinokalekkurichulla thante pravarthanangalkku purame, uyarnna oorjja neutrinokalumaayi bandhippichirikkunna waxman-baakkolil elii waxmanumaayi bahkol sahakarichu. uyarnna oorjja cosmic kiranangalude nireekshicha flexine adisthaanamaakki eee boundu uyarnna oorjja neutrino flexinu oru paridhi nischayikkunnu. iscube neutrino obsarvettari polulla uyarnna oorjjamulla neutrinokal kandethaan kazhivulla neutrino dooradarshinikalude nirmmaanathode addehathinte maranam vare eee pravachanam parisodhikkaan kazhinjilla.
jyothishaasthrathinu baahkolinte mattoru sambhavana lyman spitsar juuniyarumaayi sahakarichu hubble space telescopinte vikasanavum nadapakkalum aayirunnu.1970 muthal 1990ll dooradarshini vikshepichathinu sheshamulla kaalayalav vare. 
1992ll eee pravarthanatthinu bahkolinu naasayude vishishta sevana medel labhichu. thaaraapathaghadana vilayiruthunathinulla oru alavukolaayi addeham nakshathrangalude ennathinte parambaraagatha reethi veendum avatharippichu. 
nakshatrangalaal chuttapetta oru valia thamogartthamulla oru galaxy staanderd model bahkol-wolf model ennariyappedunnu. bahkol-sonaira model varshangalolam ksheerapathatthinte gadanayude staanderd modalaayirunnu. nakshathrangalude akathalangalude krithyamaaya jyothishbhouthika maathrkakalkkum addeham sambhavana nalki. 

