
rene aalphons higonat

oru franch enchineeyarum kandupiduthakkaaranumaaya rene aalphons higonat (epril 5,1902-october 13,1983) luis moyroudumaayi chernnu phototype setting prakriya vikasippicheduthu, ithu oru photoengraving prakriya upayogichu vaachakavum chithrangalum pepparil achadikkaan anuvadikkunnu, ithu hoott mettal typesettinginte parambaraagatha prasidheekarana reethiye kaalaharanappettathakki.
jeevacharitram.
1902 epril 5 nuu thekkukizhakkan fraansile dromvile vaalansil janicha rene aalphons higonat grenoble sarvakalaashaalayile laisi dii tournanilum electrical enchiniyaring schoolilum chernnu. 1922ll calton collegil cherunnathinayi instittyoott oof internaashanal ejyukkeshan addehathinu scholarship nalki, avide addeham oru varsham chelavazhikkukayum pinneedu harward school oof enchiniyaring aandu uplied sayansil cherukayum cheythu. thante makan pinneedu oorkkunnathupole, aaa samayat "deseeya police senayo sainika drafto aadayanikuthiyo illaayirunnu" enna vasthuthaye prashamsichukondu, avide vidyaarthiyaayirikkumbal addeham americayode sakthamaaya sneham valarthiyeduthu.
1924 muthal 1948 vare addeham aii. tii. tii korppareshante franch anubandha sthaapanamaaya leeii matriyal telephoniclaanu jolie cheythirunnathu. 1940 kalude thudakkathil, moyroudum higonattum oru printing plaant sandarshichu, avide avar hoott mettal typesettinginte parambaraagatha printing prakriya kandu, athil urukia ledu oru pathratthino pusthakatthino vendi print cheiyunnathinaayi tharangalude varikal roopappeduthunnathinaayi idukayum pinneedu offset printinginu aavashyamaaya negatteevu uthppaadippikkunnathina foto edukkukayum cheythu. leed tharatthil ninnu oru pakarpp print cheyyukayum thudarnnu athu foto edukkukayum cheiyunna prakriya "bhraanthaanenn" iruvarum karuthi, koodaathe nerittu negatteevu akkunna badal reethikal thedi. avar lumitaipp (amerikkayil "phottoon" ennu vilikkunnu) ennu vilikkunna oru upakaranam vikasippichu, athu oru typetiter polulla inputt upakaranam upayogichu oru strobe laitt upayogichu oru spinning diskill ninnu aksharangal thiranjedukkaanum photographic pepparil project cheyyaanum anuvadikkunnu, athu pinneedu foto engrave cheyth printing plettukal nirmmikkaan kazhiyum, athu 1946 septambaril fraansil aadyamaayi anaachaadanam cheythu.
avar amerikkayilekku thamasam maari, avide avarude photocomposing reethiyude kooduthal vikasanam prolsaahippikkunnathi graphik arts research foundeshan srishtichu, athu yuu. esil pettant nedi.ezz. 1957-ll avar vikasippichedutha prakriyaykku uyarnna prarambha chelavu undaayirunnengilum, foto composing prakriya "theerchayaayum achadi vyavasaayathil viplavam srishtichu", pusthakangal, maasikakal, pathrangal enniva kooduthal eluppathilum ganyamaaya kuranja chelavilum achadikkaan anuvadikkunnathenganeyne naashanal inventezhsu haal oof faiminte rini paiva vivarichu. avar srishticha phottoon mesheenu oru linotype mesheenekkaal naaliratti vegathil type srishtikkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe prathyeka thozhilaallikalude sahayamillaathe type cheyyaan kazhiyunna arcum ithu pravarthippikkaan kazhiyum.
prathimasam 400 dollar nirakkil upayogathinu labhyamaya eee prakriya vikasippikkunnathin foundeshan 1949 oode oru dasalaksham dollar chelavazhichirunnu. 1953ll mitt pressinte prakadanamaayi avarude upakaranam achadicha aadyathe pusthakam "praanikalude athbhuthakaramaaya lokam" aayirunnu, athil 292 pejukalil 46 photographukal ulppedunnu. 1954-ll vannevar bush eee prakriya "graphik aartsile oru naazhikakkall" ennu visheshippichu, masaachyusetsile kwinsiyile "desasnehiyaaya ledger" avarude ellah achadikkum eee reethi sweekarikkunna aadyathe pathramaayi maari.
1968ll europilekku madangiyethiya higonat 1983 october 13nuu marikkunnathuvare swittsarlandil thaamasichu.
1985ll deseeya kandupiduthakkaarude haal oof faimil higonattum moyroudum ulppeduthi.