
sneller anaathaalayam

1860 muthal 1940 vare jarusalemil pravarthichirunna oru jarmman protestant anaathaalayamaayirunnu syrian anaathaalayam ennum ariyappedunna sneller anaathaalayam.
pazhaya nagaramaya jarusaleminu purathu nirmmicha aadyathe nirmmithikalilonnaanith-mattullava keram avraham, bishop gobaatt school, mishkenot shananim, russian komboundu ennivayaanu-pathonpathaam noottaandil jarusaleminte vipuleekaranathinu vazhiyorukki. anatharum upekshikkappettavaruma noorukanakkinu arab kuttikalkk akkaadamikavum thozhilparavumaaya pariseelanam nalkunna oru jeevakaarunya sthaapanamenna nilayil, jarusalemileyum middle eesttileyum arab janasamkhyayil athinte birudadhaarikaliloode sakthamaaya swaadheenam chelutthi, avar "kramam, achadakkam, jarmman bhasha" ennivayekkurichulla thathwachinthakal pradeshathudaneelam vyapippichu. biblisism, aadarshavaadam, mathaparamaya vyakthivaadam enniva samyojippicha thekkan jarmman peettisatthil ninnaan syrian anaathaalayam janichathu.
palasteen, syria, eejipt, ethiopia, armenia, turkey, russia, iraan, jarmmani ennividangalil ninnulla anaatharaaya aankuttikalkkum penkuttikalkkum, thayyal, shhoo making, kothupani, marappani, lohappani, manpathrangal, painting, printing, krishi, poonthottaparipaalanam thudangiya mekhalakalil vaidagdhyamulla biruda vidyaarthikalkku anaathaalayam akkaadamikavum thozhilparavumaaya pariseelanam nalki. 1903ll dormittarikal, klaas murikal, thozhiladhishtitha varkshoppukal ennivayulppede andharkkaayi oru school parisarathu thurannu. anaathaalayam svanthamaayi achadisala baindari, maav millum bakery, alakkal vasthra nannakkal, marappani, manpaathra nirmmaanashaala, maram, chedi nazhsari, ishtika, tyle nirmmaanashaala ennivayum nadatthi. uyarnna nilathu sthithicheyyunnathum uyarnna kallukondu chuttappettathumaya anaadhaalayathinte savisheshamaaya ulli-thaazhikakkuda gopuram, bahunila kettidangal, alankaara munvashangal enniva pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil jarusalemile europian kristhyaanikalude shakthiyum swaadheenavum prakadippichu.
thudarchayaaya kettidanirmmaanavum bhoomi ettedukkalum onnaam lokamahaayudhathode anaathaalayangalude valippam 150 ekkaraayi (600 dunum) uyarthi. randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkathil, britiish nirbandhitha sarkkar jarmman adhyaapakare naadukadatthukayum komboundu middle eesttile ettavum valia vedicope shekharamulla oru adacha sainika campaayi maattukayum cheythu. 1948 march 17nuu britishukaar camp upekshikkukayum 1948leeii arab-israel yudhathil haganayile etsiyoni brigade ithu oru ooppareshan bays aayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. adutha 60 varshakkalam eee sthalam camp sneller ennariyappedunna oru israeli sainika thaavalamaayi pravarthichu. 2008ll sainyam eee sthalam ozhinjukidannu. 2011leeii kanakkanusarichu adambara bhavanangalkkayi eee samuchayam vikasippichukondirikku.
2015ll, randaam kshetra kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathe oru jootha vaasasthalathinte avashishtangal eee sthalathu ninnu kandethi. 2016ll puraavastu gaveshakar oru purathana roman kulimuri oru valia veenju ulppaadana soukaryavum kandethi.
charithram.
jeey. ell. snellarude kudumba veedu (1854-60).
pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil, engleesh, jarmman protestant dauthyangal pazhaya nagaramaya jarusalemil pravarthichirunnu. 1854-ll (1820-1896) oru jarmman lutheran missionary, jarmman protestant mission kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi bhaarya magdalan boringerinum swittsarlandile raihan sent christionayile bruderjamindeyile mattu aarr amgangalkkumoppam wurtembergil ninnu jarusalemilekku vannu. 1855 october 11nuu sheneller praadeshika arab janathaykkidayil thamasikkaanum dauthyangal nadathaanumulla uddeshyathode jaafa gettinu ekadesham vadakkupadinjaraayi avarude graamathinu purathulla lifttayile janangalil ninnu oru paazhsal bhoomi vaangukayum thante kudumbatthinu oru veedu nirmmikkanulla padhathikal thayyarakkukayum cheythu. sneller kudumbavum adhinivesham etteduthathinushesham, bait sork graamatthil ninnulla arab kollakkar veedu niravadhi thavana akramikkukayum pazhaya nagaratthinte surakshithathvathilekku pinwangan avare nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. pathittaandinte avasaanathil, thurkkikal autposttukal sthaapikkukayum jaafa roadle (jerusaleminum thuramukha nagaramaya jafaykkum edayilulla paatha, sneller komboundinu sameepam) patrollinginaayi kuthirappurathu sayudha gaardukale ayaykkukayum cheytha sesham, snellerinum kudumbatthinum avarude veettilekku madangaan kazhinju.
snellarude syrian anaathaalayam (ezz. tii. 1860).
1860ll lebanese druze lebananilum syriayilum aayirakkanakkin maronait kristhyaanikale koottakkola cheythu. yudhathil anaatharaaya kuttikale rakshikkuka enna uddeshyathode sneller bairutilekku yaatra cheythu. videsha protestant missionarymaare vishwasikkaatha praadeshika samooham addehathe nirasichuvenkilum 1860 octoberil onpathu anaatharaaya aankuttikale jarusalemilekku thirike konduvaraan kazhinju. avarkkayi thante veettil oru anaathaalayam thurakkaan addeham theerumaanikkukayum 1861 avasaanathode 41 aankuttikale syrian anaadhaalayathil cherkkukayum cheythu. adutha naalu varshathinullil schneller thante swath 13.6 ekkaraayi (55 dunum) vyaapippikkukayum athinu chuttum oru uyarnna kallu mathil sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 1867 aayappozhekkum sheneller vipuleekarikkukayum puthiya adisthaana soukaryangal cherkkukayum oru adukkala, daining room, storeju sellar, bedroomukal, leaving eriyakal enniva srishtikkukayum cheythu. 1867ll anaathaalayam penkuttikale sweekarikkaan thudangi.
germmaniyileyum swittsarlandileyum protestant kammyoonittikalil ninnu vasthrangalum puthappukalum ulppede nirmmaanathinum vipulikaranathinumulla fund abhyarthichu. 1861num 1885num idayil schneller motham 550,000 frank sambhavanakal shekharichu.
entolment, staaf, paatyapadhathi.
anatharum upekshikkappettavaruma arab kuttikalkk oru vyapaaram padippikkunnathu ulppede samboornna vidyaabhyaasam nalkaan sneller dridanishchayathilaayirunnu. athinaayi addeham academic, thozhiladhishtitha adhyaapakare niyamichu, pradhaanamaayum germmaniyil ninnullavar. thayyal, shhoo nirmmaanam, kothupani, marappani, lohappani, manpathrangal, painting, printing, krishi, poonthottaparipaalanam ennivayil professional varkshoppukalkku randaamathethu neethrthwam nalki.
18-aamm vayassil birudam nediya kuttikal 10 varsham vare anaadhaalayathil thaamasichu. avar palasteen, syria, eejipt, ethiopia, armenia, turkey, russia, iraan, jarmmani ennividangalil ninnullavaraayirunnu. protestant, greak oorthadoox, catholica, kooptik, maronait ennivayulppede vyathyastha mathavibhagangalil pettavaraayirunnu avar. vidyaarthi samghadanayude vamseeya vaividhyam undaayirunnittum, prabodhana bhasha jarmman, arabic bhashakalaayirunnu. anaadhaalayathinte aadya 50 varshangalil jolie cheythirunna adhyapakaril bhooribhaagavum jarmmankaaraayirunnu, chila armeniyakkaarum arabikalum.
1876ll anaadhaalayathil 4num 17num idayil praayamulla 70 vidyaarthikalude praveshanam undaayirunnu. 1898 aayappozhekkum 200 vidyaarthikalude praveshanam undaayirunnu. 1896 october 18nuu snellarude maranasamayathu 1500 vidyaarthikal anaadhaalayathinte vaathilukaliloode kadannupoyi. 1885ll 425 perum 1910ll anaadhaalayathinte ambathaam vaarshikathil 1169 perumaanu yadhaartha birudadhaarikal.
dhaa school phoor dhaa blind, 1901.
1901-ll oru jarmman prabhuvu thante 700,000 maarkk muzhuvan anaadhaalayathil andharkkaayi oru school sthaapikkunnathinaayi nalki. 1903ll 40 muthal 50 vare kuttikalkk sthalavum andharaaya neythukaareyum noolukaareyum padippikkunnathinulla varkshoppukalum upayogichu ithu aarambhichu.
vipuleekaranam.
classukalkkum thozhiladhishtitha silpashaalakalkkum purame, anaathaalayam svanthamaayi achadisala baindari pravarthippikkukayum avide svanthamaayi paatapusthakangal, brailey pusthakangal, jarmman bhasha pathrangal enniva nirmmikkukayum cheythu. prathivarsham 35,000 appangal uthppaadippikkunna oru maav millum bakery, alakkal vasthra nannakkal, oru marappani, anaadhaalayathil upayogikkunna kaliman pathrangal uthppaadippikkunna oru manpaathra factory, oru maravum chediyum nazhsariyum ennivayum ithu nadatthi. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, prathivarsham oru dasalaksham ishtikakalum 250,000 tailukalum nirmmikkunna oru valia ishtikayum tyle factory eee parisarathu sthaapichu.
1889-ll sneller thante vidyaarthikalkkum birudadhaarikalkkum oru kaarshika vidyaalayavum vaasasthalathinaayi bhoomiyum vikasippikkunnathinayi birr salemil (innu kibbuts nettsar sereni) 1,235 ekkar (5,000 dunum) etteduthirunnu. 1906ll 890 ekkar (3,600 dunam) sthalam koodi yadhaartha paazhsalilekku chertthu. kaarshika vidyaalayam yaadhaarthyamaayillenkilum, onnaam lokamahaayudhathile bhakshyakshaamakaalathu phaam uthppaadippikkunna daanyangal, pazhangal, pachakkarikal enniva anaathaalaya bhakshanathinu poorakamaayi.
bharanathinu sesham jeey. dablyu. sneller (1889-1940).
1889-ll sneller anaadhaalayathinte pravartthanam stuttgaartt aasthaanamaayulla oru kansorshyathinu kaimari, athesamayam addehathinte mootha makan theoder (1856-1935) sthaapanathinte maanejarayi. 1927ll theodarinte ilaya makanaaya ernst 1940ll britishukaar pidichedukkunnathuvare sthaapanathinte nadatthippu etteduthu.
niyar eest releaf kammittiyude (1919-1920) nirddeshaprakaaram.
1919 desember 9nuu "jerusalem vaartha" yude aadya lakkam prathyakshappettappol oru varshathilereyaayi eee anaathaalayam niyar eest releaf kammittiyude nirddeshathinu keezhilaayirunnu. ithu syrian anaadhaalayathile anather engleeshilum achadichu. armeniyan vamshahathyayude samayat yunaittad stetts charter niyar eest releaf sthaapichu, erakalil bhooribhaagavum vamseeya armeniyan vamshajaraayirunnuvenkilum vamshamo mathamo pariganikkathe, sameepa kizhakk abhayaarthikalkkum anaadhakalkkum maanushika sahayam nalkuka ennathaayirunnu athinte lakshyam. armeniyan vamshahathyaykkidayilum athinusheshavum 15 laksham armeniyakkaare automan vamsajarum pinneedu aadhunika turkey sarkkaarukalum chittayayi koottakkola cheythathayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
vaasthuvidya.
1800kalil jarusalemil nirmmicha mattu europian kristhyan sthaapanangaleppole, sneller anaathaalayavum uyarnna nilathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, koodaathe raathriyil poottiya irumbu kavaadamulla uyarnna kallu mathilukalaal chuttappettirunnu. bahunila kettidangal, oru clock tower, kallileyum epigraamukalileyum kothupanikal ulppedeyulla alankaara munbhagam ennivayiloode jarusalemile europian kristhyaanikalude shakthiyum swaadheenavum eee swath prakadippichu. pradhana kettidatthinte munvashath "misihaayaaya yeshu, njangalodu anukamba kaanikkoo!" enna vaakyam kothivachittundu."jarmman, arabic bhaashakalilum sthaapanathinte perum, syrian anaathaalayavum (). oru kurishil pathaaka vahikkunna oru kunjaadinte kallu kothupaniyum undu. 1898ll kaisar wilhem jarusalem sandarshichathinethudarnna anaadhaalayathinu athinte gopuratthinaayi moonnu manikal labhichu.
pradhana kettidatthinte vasthuvidyaa shaili thekkan jarmman, praadeshika arabi ennivayude samyojanamaanu. chathuraakrithiyilulla adithattil sthaapichirikkunna tyle melkkoora ulli-dome gopuravum aadyathethu prathifalippikkunnu, athesamayam vaathilukalkkum janalakalkkumulla veethiyullathum vrithaakruthiyilullathumaaya kamanangal randaamathethu prathifalippikkunnu. ulliyude thaazhikakkudatthil ninnu oru minnal vadi neendirikkunnu. echu aakruthiyilulla pradhana kettidatthinu rund akathe muttangalund, avayil oru vaattar sisttarn, poonthottam, kalisthalam enniva undu. 50, 590 chathurashra adii (4,700 chathurashra meter) visthruthiyilaanu kettidam muzhuvan sthithicheyyunnathu. moonnu nilakalulla pradhana kettidatthil central daining room, oru adukkala, oru patana haal, oru library, oru vaayana murii, oru cheria museum, vidyaarthikalum jeevanakkarum aaradhikkunna oru lutheran palli ennivayundaayirunnu.
johann ludwig sneller bethlahem, bait jala ennividangalil ninnu vidagdha arab thozhilaallikale konduvannu motham ettu kettidangal nirmmichu, avaa ghattamghattamaayi nirmmikkukayum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. poortthiyaaya varshavum aaa kettidatthinte daathaakkal thaamasichirunna jarmman nagaratthinte perum oro kettidatthinte munvashathum kothivachirunnu. redu house" allengil "model house" ennu vilikkappedunna kettidangalilonnu, ishtikakal, floor tailukal, irumbu jolikal ennivayulppede anaathaalaya maithaanangalil uthppaadippikkunna vasthukkalil ninnaan poornnamaayum nirmmichathu.
athinte nilanilppinte bhooribhaagavum, anaathaalayam thudarchayaayi vipuleekaranathinteyum aadhunikavalkkaranathinteyum avasthayilaayirunnu. rooth carc thudangiyavar. kurippukal
... 1861num 1930num idayil (1861,1867,1900,1908,1930) anchu thavana poottupanikal nirmmikkunna kada punarnirmmikkukayum samuchayathinullile sthaanam maattukayum cheythu. bekari sthalam maarukayum aarr thavana naveekarikkappedukayum cheythu, athupole thanne-sthaapanathinte ezhupathu varshathe nilanilppil murikalude mikka pravartthanangalum upayogangalum maari.
johann ludwig sneller anaadhaalayathinu sameepam bhoomi vaangukayum thozhilaallikaayi veedukal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. eee "beytti sneller" (sneller houseukal) randennam ippozhum pradhana kavaadatthil ninnu theruvinu kuruke nilkkunnu, athupole thanne padinjaaru niravadhi yaardukalkk (maalkhey yisraelinteyum sarey yisrael theruvukaludeyum ippozhathe moolaykk sameepam) nirmmicha yadhaartha anchu veedukalil moonnennam. oro veettilum athinte daathaakkalude jarmman nagaratthinte peru oru phalakathil rekhappeduthiyittundu. haale, stuttgaartt, kletts, munichu, hamberg, peetezhsberg, snellarude janmasthalamaaya erpfingen ennivayaanu nagarangal.
irupathaam noottaand.
1903 aayappozhekkum vidyaabhyaasa soukaryam ettu kettidangalayi valarukayum anaathaalayam, andharkkulla school, yuvakkalkkulla thozhiladhishtitha varkshoppukal enniva ulppeduthukayum cheythu.
1910-ll, anaathaalayam sthaapithamaayathinte jubili varshathil, oru theepiduttham pradhana kettidatthinte moonnaam nilayum thadi melkkoora nasippikkukayum palli sthaapichirunna randaam nilaykk kedupaadukal varuthukayum cheythu. akkaalat bharanaadhikaariyaayirunna sthaapakante makanaaya ludwig snellerinu germmaniyil ninnu 200,000 markkiladhikam sambhavanakal shekharikkaanum muzhuvan ghadanayum punarnirmmikkaanum kazhinju. kettidatthinte mukalbhagam kallukondu punarnirmmichu.
onnaam lokamahaayudham vare kettidanirmmaanavum vipuleekaranavum thudarnnu, appozhekkum anaathaalayam 150 ekkar (600 dunum) bhoomi kaivashappedutthi. sneller maithanam innathe romamayilethi, avide sneller karayil vanangal nattupidippichu, oduvil jarusalem baibil mrgashaala sthaapichu. mccore baroochinteyum kerem avrahaaminteyum puthiya ayalpakkangalkk bhoomi vilkkunnathiloode anaadhaalayathinte udamasthaavakaasham kramena 17.5 ekkaraayi kuranju.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, automan sainyavum athinte sakhyakakshikalum eee komboundu oru baarakkukalayi upayogichirunnu. 1921 muthal 1927 vare, theoder sneller anaadhaalayathinte nadatthippu punaraarambhichu, electrical, malinajala instaaleshanukal, vividha varkshoppukalkkulla puthiya yanthrangal enniva upayogichu vasthuvinte aadhunikavalkkaranathin melnottam vahichu. addehathinte makan ernst 1927 muthal 1940ll britiish sainyam athu kandukettunnathuvare anaadhaalayathinu neethrthwam nalki. 1930kalil germmaniyile naasi sarkkar pouranmaare videshathekku panam ayaykkunnathil ninnu vilakkiyappol anaadhaalayathinte jarmman dhanasahaya srothassukal kadinamaayi vettikkurachu.
sainika thaavalam.
britiish sainika camp.
randaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettappol britishukaar anaathaalayam adachupoottukayum jarmman adhyaapakare naadukadatthukayum cheythu. britishukaar eee komboundu sneller baarakkukal ennariyappedunna oru adacha sainika campaayi maatti, ekadesham 50 vaachu towerukalum kudilukalum sthaapichu. middle eesttile ettavum valia vedikkoppukalum dhaanya sambharanikalum campil undaayirunnu. 1940 kalude avasaanathil royal armi payy corps 90-aamm bataaliyan baarakkukal kaivashappedutthi.
rund thavana britiish campine irgan aakramichu. 1939 juun 27 nuu ardhasainika samgham puram mathilil gadippichirikkunna mailboxyl oru lettar bomb sthaapichu; thudarnnulla spodanam mathilinte oru bhagam thakarukayum sameepathulla anchu arabikalkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. 1947 march 12 nuu, jarusalemil sainika niyamam earppeduthunnathil prathishedhichu pularche oru ooppareshanil irgan campilekku thanne nuzhanjukayarukayum oru kettidatthil sphodakavasthukkal pottitherikkukayum cheythu. spodanangalil oru britiish sainikan kollappedukayum ettu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu; naalu divasathinu sesham sainika niyamam pinvalichu.
israel sainika thaavalam.
1948 march 17 nuu britishukaar camp upekshikkukayum 1948 leeii arab-israel yudhathil haganayile etsiyoni brigade ithu oru hoome bays aayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. adutha 60 varshakkalam, eee komboundu israel prathirodha senayude pariseelana thaavalamaayum oru sainika clinicaayum pravarthichu; oru ghattathil, ithu hoome frond kamaandinte aasthaanamaayum pravarthichu.
1951-ll israel sainyam loka lutheran palliyude prathinidhikale vilippichu, anaathaalaya palliyil ninnu mathaparamaya karakaushala vasthukkal neekkam cheyyaan; sabhaa prathinidhikal manikalum janalukalum pipe avayavavum neekkam cheythu, pakshe kanatha marble balipeetam oru thadi nenjil pothinju. thudarnnu palli sainikarkkulla basketball stadiyamaakki maatti. 2009 octoberil, sainyam maithanam ozhinjathinushesham oru sandarshanathinide, ivaanchalikkal jarmman lutheran charchu oof dhii redeemarinte provost nench shradhikkukayum athu thurakkaan aavasyappedukayum balipeetam thurannukaattukayum cheythu. 2010 novemberil udghaadanam cheytha augusta victoria aashupathriyile lutheran palliyilekku maattunnathinaayi lutheranmaar charcha nadatthi.
israel sainyam 60 varsham bharichirunna kaalath, pradhana kettidatthile oru haalile oru sainika sinagog, oru thora pettakam, book cases, israelile panthrand gothrangale chithreekarikkunna 12 stained glass janaalakalulla balkaniyude vaathil enniva ulppede eee thaavalathil sevanam nalkiyirunnu.
nilavile upayogam.
2008ll sainika thaavalam moundu skoppasinaduthulla oofritt thaavalatthilekku maatti. jarusalem munisippaalitti sneller komboundinaayi oru "samrakshana, nirmmaana padhathi" thayyarakki, ettu charitraparamaaya kettidangal aduthulla yaadhaasthithika jootha samoohathinte pothu upayogathinaayi vikasippikkanamenn aavasyappettu. 2010 novemberil, ayalrajyamaaya giula vaanijya jillayile parking prasnangal laghookarikkunnathinaayi sneller groundinte oru bhagam munisippaalitti oru pothu parking sthalamaayi nischayichu. moonnu manikkoor vare nooru parking sthalangal labhyamakki.
2011ll israel land administration ettu charitraparamaaya anaathaalaya kettidangal samrakshikkumbol 218 adambara appaartmentukal vikasippikkanulla padhathikalkku amgeekaaram nalki.
2012 leeii kanakkanusarichu, samuchayathinte chila bhagangal oru bais yakov gales school, oru jerror talmud thora, nagara poratta poleesinu vendiyulla pariseelana mekhala, munisippal maalinya sambharanam ennivaykkaayi upayogikkunnu.
pingamikalaaya schoolukal.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham middle eesttile rund pingamikalaaya skoolukalil sneller anaadhaalayathinte thathwashaasthravum dauthyavum thudarnnu.