
pothu sevana pattika

1953ll maikkal vestt prasidheekaricha ekadesham 2,000 vaakkukalude pattikayaanu general sarvees listt (jii. ezz. ell). engleeshile ettavum saadhaaranamaaya vaakkukale prathinidheekarikkunnathin thiranjeduttha eee vaakkukal ezhuthiya engleeshinte corpusil ninnu eduthathaanu. engleesh bhasha padikkunnavarum iii. ezz. ell adhyaapakarum aayirunnu lakshyam vacha prekshakar. pattikayude prayojanam paramavadhi vardhippikkunnathinu, ithinakam pattikayilulla vaakkukalumayi vishaalamaayi ardham pothinja chila padangal ozhivaakki. yadhaartha prasidheekaranathil vaakkukalude vividha indriyangalude aapekshika aavruthikalum ulppeduthiyittundu.
vishadaamshangal.
pattikayile ellah vaakkukalum avarude anubandha kudumbangalum ariyunna oru vyakthikk samsaarabhaashayude ekadesham 90-95 sathamaanavum saadhaarana ezhuthu grandhangalude 80-85 sathamaanavum manassilakum ennathinaal pattika pradhaanamaan. pattikayil thalakkettukal maathrame adangiyittulloo, athaayath "aayirikkuka" enna vaakk pattikayil uyarnnathaan, ennaal aaa vyakthikk ellah tharatthilulla wack nannayi ariyaamenn anumaanikkunnu, udha.jii. njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan, njaan.
pattikayile aadyathe 1,000 vaakkukalillaatha vaakkukal nalkunna thaarathamyena kuranja kavarej kaaranam jii. ezz. ellinte paryaapthathayekkurichu gaveshakar samshayam prakadippichu. padinjaaru thiranjeduttha parimithamaaya padawali (1953) engels vimarsikkukayum, jii. ezz. ellinte aadya 1,000 vaakkukal avayude uyarnna aavruthiyeyum vishalamaaya sreniyeyum adisthaanamaakki nalla thiranjeduppukalaanennu addeham sammathikkukayum cheythappol, jii. ezz. ellinte aadya 1,000-nuu mukalilulla vaakkukale "pothu sevana vaakkukal" aayi kanakkakkaan kazhiyillennu addeham abhiprayappettu, kaaranam eee vaakkukalude vyapthiyum aavruthiyum pattikayil ulppeduthaan kazhiyaathathra kuravaanu. billurolu, newfeld (2005) ennivarude sameepakaala gaveshanangal general sarvees listtil cheria punaravalokanam aavasyamaanennu sthireekarichu, ennaal listtile headwadeukal ippozhum ekadesham 80 sathamaanam vaachaka kavarej likhitha engleeshil nalkunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthi muthal currency nediya vaakkukal ozhivaakkumbol, jii. ezz. ellil "shilling" polulla cheria ennam purathana padangal adangiyirikkunnuvennu gaveshanam kaanikkunnu, athesamayam "plaastik", "television", "baattari", "sharee", "ira", "mayakkumarunnu" enniva ozhivaakkunnu.
1953ll padinjaaru prasidheekarikkunnathinna niravadhi pathittaandukalkk munbu jii. ezz. ell. vikasichu. jii. ezz. ell ennathu aavruthiye maathram adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru pattikayalla, marichu ardhaparamaaya adisthaanathil vaakkukalude grouppukal ulkkollunnu. vividha pathippukal internettil ozhukunnu, athu mechappeduthaanulla sramangal nadannittundu.
jii. ezz. ellinte rund pradhana apdettukal undu
chila sl nighandukkal pothuvaaya sevana pattika avarude niyantritha nirvachikkunna padaavaliyaayi upayogikkunnu. samakaalika engleeshinte longman nighanduvil", oro nirvachanavum jii. ezz. elline adisthaanamaakkiyulla padawali nirvachikkunna 2000-vaakk longman upayogichaanu ezhuthiyirikkunnathu.

