
nirtthal sthalam

 
oru praadeshika munisippal authority nalkunna yaathrakkaarkkaayi uddeshichulla thaamasa soukaryamaanu oru nirtthal sthalam (allengil oru nirtthal ulkkadal sthalam). oro kudumba unitinum oro ulkkadalilum oru cheria ghadanayil nalkunna sevanangalude poornna shreniyulla oru vyakthigatha ulkkadalaanu nirtthal saittilullath.
praadeshika adhikaarikal nalkunna vyavastha.
irelandile yaathrakkarkkulla thaamasoukaryam.
yaathrakkaarude samoohathinu veedu nalkunnathinulla airish samsthaana nayam niyamanirmmaanathil roopappeduthiyittundu, ettavum puthiyath 1998 leeii bhawana (sanjaarikalude thaamasa) niyamamaan. oro munisippal authoritic avarude pradeshangalile yaathrakkaarude nilavilullathum aasoothrithavumaaya thaamasa aavasyangal niravettunnathinu aavashyamaaya 5 varshathe rolling thaamasa padhathikal eee niyamam roopappeduthunnu. 
yaathrakkaaril oru nyoonapaksham nirtthal sthalangalilaanu thaamasikkunnath. 2016leeii sensus prakaram republic oof irelandil thamasikkunna 30,987 sanjaarikalil ekadesham 950 kudumbangal nirtthal sthalangalilaanu thaamasikkunnath.
yaathrakkarkkulla mattu thaamasoukaryangalil iva ulppedaam 
oru nirtthal sthalathe bhoovudamayude sammathamillaathe swakaarya allengil pothu bhoomiyil (haiway verjukalum leeii-baikalum ulppede) sthaapicha oru kyaambumaayi thettidharikkaruthu.
iva anadhikrithamaayathinaal avide thamasikkunna aalukale ozhippikkaan saadhyathayund. ivaykku soukaryangalilla, audyogika rekhakalil "thaalkkaalika vaasasthalangal" ennu paraamarsikkunnu. 1998leeii bhawana (sanjaarikalude thaamasa) niyamathile vyavasthakal anadhikritha thaalkkaalika bhavanangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan praadeshika adhikaarikalkk sakthamaaya adikaarangal nalkunnu. prasakthamaaya niyamanirmmaanathil vivarichirikkunnathu niyamavirudhamaaya kyaambukal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu shikshakal undu.
eee niyamangalil iva ulppedunnu 
oro kaundiyudeyum praadeshika adhikaarathile bhawana vakupp sanjaarikalude thaamasa paripadi nadappaakkunnu. 1998leeii niyamathile vyavasthakalkkanusrithamaayi praadeshika sarkkaarinte bharanamekhalayile aavasyakatha vilayiruthiyaanu eee sanjaarikalude thaamasa paripadi nirnnayikkunnath. thaamasathinaayi amgeekritha apekshakaraaya sanjaarikalude thaamasa aavasyangal praadeshika adhikaarikal kanakkakkunnu. kalandar varshaavasaanathode kaundiyil thamasikkunna yaathrakkaarude ennathinte sensus ithil ulppedunnu. sanjaara samooham, sanjaara samghadanakal, praadeshika sanjaarikalude thaamasoukarya consultative kammitti, pothu prathinidhikal, vishalamaaya samooham, mattu niyamaparavum sannadhavumaaya sthaapanangal ennivayumaayi koodiyaalochichaanu vilayiruthal nadathunnathu.
saittinte valippam nirthunnathinekkurichu, cases padanangal kaanikkunnath paridhi anchu muthal pathinanju vare ulkkadalukal aayirikkanam, ennaal samavayam patthinte ennathilaanu. patthu ulkkadalukalil cheruthaanu sittukal, athil ulppedunna saambathika nilavaaram kaaranam oonsaitt sevanangal (community sentarukalum pree-school soukaryangalum polullava) nalkunnathil budhimuttukal srishtikkumennu nigamanam cheythu.
koodiyaalochanayiloode thaamasoukaryam.
sanjaarikalum sthirathaamasamaakkiyavarumaaya samooham thammilulla bandhatthil valia maattam varuthiyathu yaathrakkaarumaayi pravartthikkaan samsthaanam prathijnjaabadhamaaya reethiyaanu. kaundi kaunsilukalilum mattu prasakthamaaya ejansikalilum sanjaara samoohathile amgangalumaayi koodiyaalochichu thaamasoukaryam nalkunnathil ithu kaanapedunnu. 1998leeii niyamathil kaundi kaunsil sanjaara samoohavumaayi koodiyaalochikkaan anuvadikkunna vyavasthakalundu. praadeshika authority sanjaarikalude thaamasa paripaadikal sanjaarikalude udamasthaavakaashavum paripaadiyil thanne abhimaanavum praapthamaakkunnathin sajjeekarikkunnu. bhavanavum thaamasavum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil oru punk vahikkunna gadanakal, prakriyakal, associationukal ennivayil sanjaarikalude pankaalithatthiloodeyaanu ithu saadhyamaakkunnath. bhawana adhikaarikalum yaathrakkaarum thammilulla koodiyaalochana sugamamakkunnathinaayi praadeshika sanjaarikalude thaamasoukarya consultative kammittikal (ell. tii. eiii. sii) sthaapichu. ell. tii. eiii. sii. yude amgathvam janasamkhyayude valuppamanusarichu niravadhi sanjaara sthaanangal nalkunnu. yaathrakkarkkulla thaamasoukaryavum paripalanavum sambandhichu samiti upadesham nalkunnu.
thaamasapadhathi nadappaakkunnathinu bandhapetta ellaavaril ninnum orumichu pravartthikkaan prathibaddhatha aavasyamaanu. ennaal pankaalittham prapthamaakkunna prakriyaykku samayamedukkum. praadeshika adhikaarikalkullile oru prashnamaayi yaathrakkaare kanakkakkunnuvennu yaathrakkaarude abhipraaya samanvayamundaayirunnu. athesamayam kaundi kaunsil udyogasthar prakopanam prakadippicha kesukalum undu. nirthalaakkunna saittukalile "naseekaranam, durudheshyaparamaaya kedupaadukal, saamoohika virudha perumaattam" ennivayil ninnu undaakunna prasnangal "thirichariyaanum pariharikkanumulla" nirashaajanakamaaya sramangal nadannittundu. sanjaarikalude prathinidhikalil ninnulla thaalpparyakkurav kaaranam praadeshika sanjaarikalude thaamasa consultative kammittiyude (ell. tii. eiii. sii) pravarthanarahithamaaya kesukal undaayittund. 
1998leeii niyamathil yaathrakkaarkk thaamasoukaryam nalkaanulla praadeshika adhikaarikalude niyamaparamaaya badhyatha sugamamakkunnathinulla antharnirmmitha nadapadikramangalundu. onnamathaayi, praadeshika sarkkar vakuppinte kendra edapedal undu. traveler emodation prograaminte dhanasahayam kaundi kaunsilukalude pothu dhanasahaayathil ulppeduthiyitla. eee prathyeka padhathikkulla fund thaddeshabharana vakuppil ninnu nerittu labikkum. kaundi kaunsilukalkullile dhanasahaayavumaayi bandhapetta eathenkilum tharatthilulla thaalpparya vairudhyam thadayunnathinaanu ithu cheiyunnathu. 1998leeii niyamathile vyavasthakal paalikkunnathil oru kaundi kaunsil paraajayappedunnathu aaa dhanasahayam praadeshika sarkkar vakupp thadanjuvekkunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu.
randaamathaayi, kaunsilarmaarkkidayil yaathrakkaarude thaamasathinulla nadapadikalkku daaranayundaakkaan kazhiyunnillengil muthirnna kaundi kaunsil udyogastharkku sakthamaaya adhikaaramund. sanjaarikalude samghadanakal varshangalolam nadatthiya lobbing eee adiyanthara adikaarangal muthirnna munisippal udyogastharil nikshepikkaan kaaranamaayi. sittukal nirthunnathine aavarthichu ethirtha chila pothu prathinidhikalude saannidhyam ithu urappunalkunnu.
audyogika stopping saittukalileyum (group housing skeemukalileyum) ellah kudiyanmarum yaathrakkaarude thaamasoukaryam ettedukkunnathinu munbu oru licenses karaaril (allengil oru vaadaka karar) oppidanam. oro puthiya vaadakakkaranodum nibandhanakalum vyavasthakalum vishadamaayi vishadeekarikkunnu. sanjaarikalude kudumbangalumaayi sahakarichu roopeekarikkunna maanejment plaanukal aadyam thaamasakkareyum avarude perumaattattheyum aasrayichirikkunnu. saamoohika virudha perumattavum vaadaka karar lamghanangalum sambandhicha paraathikal anweshikkaan praadeshika adhikaarikal niyamaparamaayi nirbandhitharaakunnu. eee uchithamaaya nadapadiye thudarnnu vaadaka munnariyipp nalkukayo kaivashappedutthal nadapadikalkku prerippikkukayo uchithamaaya utharavu nadapadikal ozhivaakkukayo cheyyaam.
kaundi kaunsilukal nirtthal sthalangalile sanjaarikalude thaamasoukaryathinte nadatthippilum paripaalanatthilum vaadakakkaarante pankaalittham prothsaahippikkunnu. ithu suraksha maanadandangal paalikkunnathilekku vyaapikkunnu. ellah praadeshika authority housing unitukalilum uchithamaaya agni suraksha maanadandangal urappakkaan kaundi kaunsilukalkku niyamaparamaaya utharavaadithamundu, athil nirtthal sittukal ulppedunnu. ithu nirvahikkunnathin, agni suraksha nilanirthuka ennathu kaundi kaunsilinteyum athinte kudiyanmarudeyum pankitta utharavaadithamaanu. anadhikritha veedukalude saannidhyam, nirtthal saittukalil tirakk koodaan kaaranamaakunnath, agni surakshayekkurichulla gurutharamaaya aashankayaan.
charithram.
aamukham.
charitraparamaayi, niravadhi yaathrakkaar rodarikilulla thaalkkaalika camping saittukalilaan thaamasichirunnathu. udamasthaavakaasham vyakthamallaatha bhoomiyilaanu eee sthalangal palappozhum sthaapikkappettathu. ithu veethi koottukayo nereyaakkukayo cheytha roadinte oru bhagamaayirikkaam. nagarangalilo suburban pradeshangalilo avikasithamaya kettida nirmmaana sthalangalum upayogichu.
1917ll scotish oafees kammeeshan cheytha oru reportinte kandethalukal europinte eee bhaagathe udyogasthar parambaraagathamaayi yaatra cheiyunna samghangalude thaamasoukaryathekkurichu parigananayekkurichu enthaayirunnu nirddeshichirunnathu ennathilekku velicham veeshunnu. 1917 leeii skotlandile tinkarukalekkurichulla vakupputhala samiti camp soukaryangalude munisippal vyavastha kuttikale pathivayi vidyaabhyaasathil pankedukkaan praapthamaakkumenn thiricharinju. scotish reportile shupaarshakalonnum avide praabalyatthil vannilla.
kent kaundi pailat amgeekritha caravan paarkk.
innu nirtthal sthalam ennu vilikkappedunnathinu samanamaaya aadyathe sanjaarikal sanjarikkunna caravan paarkk englandile kentilaayirunnu. brittanile saamoohika nayathile maattangalude falamaayaanu ithu pradhaanamaayum sambhavichathu. 1945ll thiranjedukkappetta thozhil sarkkar randaam lokamahaayudhaananthara shemaraashtrathinu adithara paakiyath 1942leeii "soshyal insurance aandu alide sarveesas" (beveridge report ennum ariyappedunnu) enna reportaayirunnu. beveridge report samoohathil anchu "bheeman thinmakale" thiricharinju durbbalathvam, anjjatha, abhavam, alasata, rogam.
munbu upayogichirunna anuyojyamallaatha shaityakaala camping saittukalkk pakaram jipsikalkkum yaathrakkaarkkum thamasikkaan aasoothrithavum sajjeekarichathumaaya oru pradesham nalkunnathinaayi 1951 ll kent kaundiyil oru pailat skeem avatharippichu. kentile ashford pattanatthil ninnu sthithi cheiyunna grettu chart graamatthil ninnu ekadesham oru mile akaleyaan chilmington jipsy aandu traveler saitt ennu vilikkunna eee saitt vikasippicheduthath.
chilmington saittinte savisheshathakal ulppedunnu 
chilmington saitt pailat skeeminte samaapanathil britiish bhawana manthraalayavum praadeshika sarkkarum raajyathe ellah munisippal pradeshangalilum jipsy, sanjaara sthalangal ennivayude nirmmaanam nayamaayi sweekarichu. udyogasthar "oru anadhikritha saittil ninnu aalukale maattukayum mattonn kandethaan avare vidukayum cheiyunnu" ennathinaayi ithuvare upayogichirunna thaathkaalika sameepanathin pakaramaayi eee nayam prothsaahippikkappettu. aashfordinte vipuleekaranathinu anusrithamaayi idakkaala pathittaandukalaayi chilmington jipsy saitt vikasichu.
airish kammeeshan oonn ittinaransi.
brittanile beveridge report avidatthe saamoohika nayathil maattam varuthaan prachodanam nalkiyathinu samaanamaayi irelandil edapedaathathil ninnu sarkkar sameepanathil maattam vannu. samoohathilum sambadvyavasthayilum gavanmentinte pankinekkurichulla padinjaaran ardhagolathile oru maathrukaaparamaaya maattathe eee mattangal pothuve prathiphalippichu. 1950kalude avasaanathode deseeya saambathika saamoohika kaunsil (sarkkar niyogicha upadeshaka samiti) saambathika saamoohika kaaryangalekkurichu niravadhi reportukal thayyarakki. ithu airish samsthaanathinte charithratthile oru vyathichalanathe adayaalappeduthi, eee ghattam vare sarkkar saamoohikakshema mekhalayil catholica sabhayilekku maattivachirunnu.
1960 juunil sarkkar oru "yaathraavivarana kammeeshan" sthaapichu, swatantra airish samsthaanathinte charithratthile yaathrakkaare kendreekarikkunna aadyathe prathyeka samsthaanamaanithu. eee sarkkar samghadana 1963 augustil kammeeshante reportil avarude kandethalukal anthimamaakki, november 26 nuu prasidheekarichu.
1961 septambaril nayangal pariganikkunnathinayi yaathraavivarana kammeeshan netherlandsilekku pooyi. yaathrakkaarekkurichulla dutch nayam athinte randaam thalamurayilaayirunnu; 1918 leeii caravan niyamaprakaaram nirtthal saittukalude oru pathipp srishtichirunnu. airish prathinidhi samgham "voonvaagankaampen" (tii. aarr.) sandarshichu. caravan kyaambukal). ezz-hertogenbosh nagaratthile vlijmenseveg polulla kyaambukalil avar soukaryangal parishodhichu. koodaathe, avide aayirikkumbol, airish prathinidhi samgham saittukalil thaamasikkunnavare-vyaakhyaathaavinte upayogathiloode-abhimukham nadatthi.
1963leeii yaathraasamithiyude report netherlands nayatthinte phalangalil samthrupthi prakadippichu 
niravadhi sanjaarikal pathivayi oru pradeshathu thamasikkunna ulkkadal pradeshangal nirthivekkaan oro praadeshika adhikariyum vyavastha cheyyanamennu report shupaarsha cheythu. eee soukaryangalude nilavaaram chilmington saittilum netherlandsile sanjaarikalude kyaambukalilum () ullathinu thulyamayirikkanam.
bandhapetta kakshikalil ninnulla samyuktha aasoothranathil airish prathinidhi samgham mathippulavaakki. 1963ll netherlandil oru sammelanam nadannu, athil yaathrakkaarumaayi pravartthikkunna ellah samghadanakalum ulppettirunnu. eee sammelanathil munisippal gavanmentil ninnulla udyogasthar, aarogya-kshema sevanangal, jeevakaarunya pravartthanangal, purohithanmaar ennivar parasparam padikkaan othuchernnu. abadhathil, eee ghattathil sanjaarikalude praathinidhyam undaayirunnilla. samagramaya sameepanam sweekarichappol netherlandile yaathrakkaarumaayulla edapaadukal mechappettuvenna airish amgeekaaramaanu reportile eee sammelanathekkurichulla paraamarshangal verittunilkkunnath. ithinu munbu, irelandile yaathrakkaarumaayulla samsthaana edapaadukal pradhaanamaayum criminal neethi mekhalayil mathramaayirunnu. "yaathrakkaarude manushikamaaya perumaattatthiloode maathrame yaathraavivaranathinte prashnam pariharikkan kazhiyoo ennu oonnipparayuka ennathaayirunnu sammelanathinte lakshyam.
praadeshika adhikara thalatthil manthristhaanathe prathibaddhathaykku yojippillenn munkaalangalil vimarshikkappettittundu. 1983leeii travelling peeppil review body report "chila praadeshika adhikaarikalude paalikkal kaalathamasam kondu adayaalappeduthiyirunnu" ennu prasthaavikkunnu. saambathika prolsaahanathinulla shupaarshakalum "praadeshika rashtreeya, saamoohika nissamgatha" marikadakkunnathinulla melnotta samvidaanavum 1998leeii niyamathil sambhavichilla.
1963leeii kammeeshan reportinte falangalilonnu sanjaarikalkkaayulla deseeya kaunsil roopeekarikkuka ennathaayirunnu. dablinile kammittiye eph. aarr. nayichu. toom fehili, victor bevli, elanor buttler. nirtthal sthalangal nalkaan eee sannadha samgham praadeshika munisippal sarkkaarinethire sammarddam chelutthi. 
pothubodham.
athrupthikku kaaranamaakunnu.
saamoohika virudha perumaattatthinte udaaharanagal kaaranam chila nirtthal sittukal mattu praadeshika nivaasikalil ninnu amarshathinte uravidamaayi maarunnu. vardhichuvarunna maalinyangal, naseekaranam, veedu kavarcha, yaachi, shabdam, ayanja kuthirakal koodaathe/allengil naaykkal, upekshicha gaarhika maalinyangalum scrap lohav kettippadukkuka enniva pathiv aashankakalil ulppedunnu. aalukalkk avarude vyakthiparamaaya suraksha, gaarhika suraksha, swathinte moolyam kurayuka ennivayekkurichu bhayamund. vibhaageeyathayude poraattam, anadhikrithamaayi maalinyam thallal, moshticha charakkukalude sambharanam, mayakkumarunnu kadathu, ardhasainikar, madyapaana akramanangal, adimavela thudangiya vishayangalekkurichulla vaarthakalude oru parambara maadyamangalil prathyakshappedunnu. 
eee kathakal pradeshathekkurichu oru nishedhaathmaka prathichaaya srishtikkukayum yaathrakkaarum sthirathaamasamaakkiya samoohavum thammilulla bandham kooduthal vashalaakkukayum cheiyunnu. nirddishta nirtthal saittukalil aalukal niyamanadapadi sweekarikkumbol eee vishayathekkurichulla vikaarathinte vyaapthi kaanaan kazhiyum. aasoothranam cheytha rund stopping sittukal 1986leeii doublin kaundi vikasana padhathiyude bhauthika lamghanamaanennu kandethiyathinte adisthaanathil 1987 novemberil oru haikodathi velluvili vijayakaramaayi aarambhichu. 
palappozhum vikarangal dhruveekarikkappedaam, kaaranam thaamasakkaarude associationukalil ninnulla phalapradamaaya pracharanam ethirppinte paridhiyil athishayokthiparamaaya dhaarana nalkunnu. maadyama-vidagtharum niyamaparamaaya arivullavarum aaya athiraalikal avarude sthaanathinu samboornna pinthuna avakaashappedunnathiloode valachodikkal koottunnu. chila anadhikritha kyaambukalil chila samayangalil jaagrathayude sambhavangal undaayittund, ithu bandhangalil kooduthal thakarchaykku kaaranamaakunnu. saamoohika virudha perumaattattheyum kuttakrithyangaleyum kurichulla pracharikkunna maadyama reportukal moolam sthirathaamasamaakkiya samoohathinte pothuvaaya aashankakal samoohathil oru bheeshaniyum srishtikkaatha sanjaara kudumbangale niyantrikkaan maathrame sahaayikkukayulloo.
saamoohika virudha perumaattatthinte phalangal.
saamoohika virudha perumaattam pradeshavaasikale prathikoolamaayi badhikkunna oru maarggam anaavasyamaaya saambathika bharam adichelppikkuka ennathaanu. eee chelavukal nikathaan, praadeshika nivaasikalkk prayojanam cheiyunna kaundi kaunsil sevanangalil ninnu panam thirichuvidanam. 
kaundi kaunsilukalkku saamoohika virudha perumaattatthodu prathikarikkaan shikshakal chumathaam. saamoohika virudha perumaattam moolam oru vaadakakkaarane avarude thaamasthalathu ninnu purathaakkukayaanenkil, avare bhavanarahitharayi kanakkakkum. thathfalamaayi, kaundi kaunsil avarkk mattoru veedu nalkiyekkilla. 3 varshathe probationary kaalayalavilekkaanu vihitam thadanjirikkunnathu. saamoohika virudha perumaattatthil earppedaathe samoohathil jeevikkaan thangalkk sannadharaanennum kazhiyumennum ozhippikkappettayaalkk bodhyappedutthaan kazhiyumenkil oru kaundi kaunsil kaathiripp samayam kurachekkaam.
saamoohika virudha perumatta prasnangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu audyogika sthaapanangalude edapedal aavashyappedunna sarveyil pankeduttha chila yaathrakkaar pizhakalodu yojichu. praadeshika adhikaarikalum garda seochana edapedukayum akrama prasnangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu prarambha ghattathil thanne nadapadiyedukkukayum cheyyendathundennu choondikkaatti. praadeshika adhikaarikalil pakuthiyum aabhyanthara pirimurukkangalum sanjaarikal thammilulla anuyojyathayude abhaavavumaan yaathrakkaar yaathrakkaarude prathyeka thaamasasthalam upekshikkunnathinulla praadhamika kaaranamenn thiricharinju. oru nirtthal sthalathu anadhikritha aalukal ulppetta akramam pottippurappettathaayum kudumbabandhangal vashalayathaayum reportund.
republic oof irelandile bhoomishaasthraparamaaya vitharanam.
ayarlandiludaneelamulla nirtthal saittukalude oru maathrkayaanu thaazhe koduthirikkunnathu.

