gugu yimithir janangal

gugu yimithir ennum ucharikkappedunna gugu yimithir, kokkimudji ennum ariyappedunna, vidoora vadakkan kweenslaantile oru thaddesheeya australian janathayaan, avaril palarum innu hopewale shayarude bharana kendramaaya hopewelilaanu thaamasikkunnath. hoop vaaleyil 1,005 peraanu janasamkhyayullathu. cook tounil ninnu rooad maarggam aanu ithu. ithu avarude bhaashayude perum koodiyaanu. avar oru theeradesha, ulnaadan janathayaayirunnu, muun vamshangal thangale "uppuvella janatha" ennu visheshippichu.
bhasha.
1770ll kyapttan cook eee pradeshathu nirtthiya samayat sidani paarkkinsan 200 vaakkukalude pattika eduthathinaal 'bhasha/samsaarikkal (' gugu ')' eee vazhi '(' yimi-thir ') ennartham varunna gugu yimidir, rekhappeduthappetta aadyakaala australian bhaashakalilonnaan. pradhana bhaashaabhedangal theerapradeshangalil samsaarikkunna' dhalun-dhir ', ulnaadan bhashayaaya' vagur-gaa 'ennivayaanu. ekadesham 200 perr ippozhum samsaarikkunna eee bhasha vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna bhashakalilonnaayi peettar austin pattikapedutthi.
gugu yimidhirinu niravadhi bhaashaabhedangal undaayirunnu "dhalan-dhir" ('kadalinoppam'); "vagur-gaa" ('puram'); "gugu niyigudi"; "gugu nyaladi"; "gugu yina", "gugu diruru". mattu bhashakal samsaarikkunna gothrangalumaayi avar vyaapakamaayi vivaahitharaayathinaal, gugu yimithir aalukalkk niravadhi bhashakal parichithamaayirikkunnath asaadhaaranamaayirunnilla.
raajyam.
gugu yimithir samsaarikkunnavarude parambaraagatha pradesham ulnaadan pravarthana nadiyude outlettu muthal vadakku starkk nadiyude mukhabhaagam vare allengil norman tindale parayunnathanusarichu keppu flaattariyude thekkan sameepathekku vyaapichirunnu. padinjaaru jacq nadiyude uravidathilum thekk cook touninte vadakku-padinjaaru yuddha campilum ithu ethi. tindale thante kanakkukoottalukalil, chilathinte mothatthilulla domaine vyaapthi avarkk nalki. cape bedfordinteyum masivar nadiyudeyum vadakku bhaagathum jacq nadiyude uravidam vare ulnaadan pradeshangalilum ithe bhaashayude bhaashaabhedangal samsaarichirunnu. kyapttan cook kurachu pannikale bhoomiyil upekshichu, avaa vegathil valarnnu, oru pradhana praadeshika bhakshana srotassaayi maari.
samoohavum aachaarangalum.
gugu yimithir chila tharatthilulla saamoohika ozhivakkal pariseelikkunnu. chila kudumbaamgangalude saannidhyathil samsaarikkunna (oru purushante ammaayiyammayo bhaaryaasahodarano pole) oraal saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnathil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya padavali sweekarikkenda oru ozhivakkal bhasha bhaashayaan bhaashaykk thanne ullathu. dainamdina sambhaashanathil 'manushyan pookunnu' ennathu 'baama dhaday' ennaanu. chila bandhukkalude saannidhyathil ithu "yambaal baali" aayi mattanam. oraalude ammaayiyammayude saannidhyathil samsaarikkunnath poornnamaayum nirodhichirunnu, oraal thala kunichu nishabdamaayi irikkaan nirbandhithanaayirunnu ("gugu-muu").
bhashayil alekhanam cheythirikkunna speshyal ekopana samvidaanam paashchaathya bhashakalil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaan, avide vishayavumaayi bandhappett reference samvidaanam aapekshikamaan. oru vyakthiyude munnilo pinnilo idathotto valathotto enthengilum undo ennathil ninnu swathanthramaayi, cardled space pole, vadakku, thekk, kizhakk, padinjaaru ennee pradhana pooyintukal pole, gugu yimidiril, samboornna padangalil vivarthanam cheyyappedunnu. bhasha avarkk oru maanasika bhoopadam nalkunnu, avar evideyaayirunnaalum avarkk chuttumulla ellah pooyintukaludeyum krithyamaaya krithyamaaya kanakkukoottal anuvadikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, ningalude veettil ninnu purathirangiyappol ningalude gugu yimidir athidhikku avan allengil aval pukayila upekshichuvennu ningale ariyikkendivannaal, avar avarude maathrubhaashayil vyakaranaparamaayi ingane parayendathunda "njaan athu ningalude veedinte padinjaaru bhaagathulla thekkan meshayil upekshichu".
sanbarkkathinte charithram.
ell. tii. aadhunika cook taunn sthalathulla prayivettu nadiyude mukhathu nankooramitta jaims paachakakkaaran, 1770 juun 11 nuu avarude kappal oru reefil kedupaadukal varuthiya sesham, attakuttappanikal nadakkumbol ezhu aazhcha eee pradeshathu thaamasichu. aadhunika janasamkhya sthaanabhrashtaraavukayum 30 mile vadakkott thallappedukayum cheythenkilum, ithu gugu yimidhirinte parambaraagatha rajyamaayirunnu. thudakkathil akalam paalichenkilum paryaveshanatthile amgangal avare valare souhaarddaparamaayi kandu. oru maasathinushesham, anchu perr yooropyanmaare sameepikkukayum avarkk sramam kaanichuthannathupole souhaarddaparamaaya oru bandham sthaapikkukayum cheythu. pittennu, sandarshanathinide praadeshika aamakale kandethukayum vilaveduppinte oru bhagam pratheekshikkukayum cheythappol karyangal athivegam vashalaavukayum cheythu, athu paachakam cheyyaan budhimuttunna paachakakkaaran swantham bhakshanam nalkaan visammathichu. avan avarkk appam nalki, avar athu veruppode nirasichu. aathidhyamaryaadayekkurichu vyathyastha ashayangalum pankidal niyamangalum thammil ettumutti. taamasiyaathe, nattukaar ulkkadalil pullinu theeyidukayum prathikaaramaayi chilarkk vediyettu parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
samghathile amgangaliloraalaaya joseph baanksinte botanical draftsman sidani paarkkinsan thante jenalil (marananantharamaayi "dakshina kadalilekkulla oru yaathrayude jenal" ennu prasidheekarichathu) pradeshavaasikalude oru rekhaachithram sthaapichu. avaye cheruthum cheruthumaaya asthikalum chadulavum chuvappum vella oochar kondu chayam pooshiyathum maram kondu chayam pooshiyathumaaya charmmavum saadhaaranayaayi mudi shave cheyyaan nalkunnathumaaya charmmamaanennu addeham visheshippichu. avar mookkil thulaykkunna reethi abhyasichu. sthreekal thoovalukalulla thalappavu dharichirunnu. avar "faikkas riduvola" yill ninnulla thadi oru raspai upayogichu avarude kunthangal moorcha koottukayum avaykku ellukal nalkukayum cheythu. avarude bhashakal valare maduramullathum vyakthamaaya uchaaranavumaayirunnu.
vaasasthalathinte charithram.
cook touninu chuttumulla pradeshathe gothrangal nasippikkappettu, gugu yimithir "ganyamaayi unmoolanam cheyyappettu", vividha gadakangalaal valia thothilulla koottakkolakal, balaalsangathinu sthreekale thattikkondupokal, kuttikale thattikkondupokal, oppam chainees kararukar vaadakaykkedutha thozhilaallikalaayi jolie cheiyunnathinu avarkk nalkia karupp kazhikkunnathiloode undaakunna marakamaaya prathyaaghaatham, madyapaanam.
1879 februvari februvari cape bedfordil 28 aadivaasikal vediyettu mungimarichu. cook taunn aasthaanamaayulla native police sub inspector stanhop ooo 'connor thante sainikarodoppam 28 gugu-yimidir purushanmaarum 13 sthreekalum adangunna oru samghathe vettayaadi oru idungiya malayidukkil kudungi. purushanmaaril aarum rakshappettilla 24 perr kadaltheerathu vediyettu marichu, naalu perr kadalil neenthukayum pinneedu orikkalum kaanathirikkukayum cheythu.
1885ll sandhyaykk sesham avarude sanjaaram anuvadikkaathe curfue earppeduthi. athe varsham, kaisar-vilhemslaantilekkulla (jarmman nyoo ginia) yaatra vaikippikkumbol, lutheran missionary johann flearl cook touninu vadakku cape bedfordil eliminettu aboriginal mission sthaapichu, adutha varsham douthyathinte bharanam jii etteduthu. echu. schwarts, athine hoopp vaale ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudham vare addeham thante mathaparivarthanam cheyyappetta sabhayodoppam thudarnnu, appol rockhamptonil ninnu janangale ulnaadukalilekku maatti. 19-aamm vayass muthal avide undaayirunnathum swaabhaavikavalkkaranam sweekarikkaan marannathumaaya schwarts, bhashayil praaveenyam nedukayum parambaraagatha arivu nilanirthunnathinu valareyadhikam sambhavana nalkukayum 74-aamm vayassil shatru anyagrahajeeviyaayi thadavilaakkappedukayum cheythu. thanutha kaalavastha kudiyozhippikkappett sabhaykku gurutharamaaya prathyaaghaathangal undaakkukayum palarum marikkukayum cheythu.
kangaru enna vaakk.
1770 juun 24 njaayarazhcha oru mrugathe kandathayi paachakakkaaran report cheythu
ilam eliyude niravum poornna valippamulla chaaraniratthilulla oru kutirayum, ellaathilum orupole aakruthiyilullathum, neelamulla vaalullathum, athu chaaraniratthilulla oru kuthirayeppole vahikkunnathumaaya oru naayayeppoleyayirikkanam; churukkatthil, njaan athine oru kaattunaaykk vendi edukkanamaayirunnu, pakshe athinte nadathatthino oodunnathinoo, athu muyal allengil maan pole chaadunnathino.
sarr josaf baankukal thante jenalil nalkiyathil nattukaar athine "kanguru" ennu vilichirunnu. kudiyettam aarambhichathinusesham europpukaar eee mrugathe eee peril vilichu. 1820ll kyapttan philipp rajaavu athe theerathu nirtthi athe anweshanam nadathiyappol, eee mrugathe "minnar/meenuwa" ennu vilichirunnathayi addehathodu parayapettu. kangaroo' enna vaakkinte ardham enthaayirikkumennu oru nagara aithihyamund, eee nadiyile thaddesheeyaraaya aalukal manassilakkaan kazhiyaatha engleesh chodyathinu marupadi nalkiyappol, "enikkariyilla". 1971 muthal gugu yimithir bhashayekkurichu sookshumamaayi padicha american naravamshashaasthranjanaaya joonn havilland eee vishayathilekku velicham veeshi. vaasthavathil 'kangaru' polulla oru vaakk gugu yimidhiril nilavilundennu addeham kandethi, athaayath 'ganguru'. ennirunnaalum ithu theerapradeshathu thaarathamyena apoorvamaaya oru inamaaya valia chaaraniratthilulla kangaaroovine soochippikkunnu, athesamayam rajaavu report cheytha mattoru vaakk maamsam allengil bhakshyayogyamaaya mrugangal ("minha") enna avarude vaakkinte ekadeshamaayirunnu. paachakakkaarante report krithyamaaya nireekshakanenna nilayilulla prasasthiyum theliyikkapettu.
badal perukal.
uravidam 

