
baden kaundi

pazhaya swis konfedarasiyude oru kondominiyamaayirunnu baden kaundi (jarmman "graafshaaft baden"), ippol ithu swis kantoon oof aargouyude bhagamaanu. 1415ll swis aargau keezhadakkiyathinushesham sthaapithamaaya eee kaundi 1798ll hraswakaala baden kantoninte bhaagamaakunnathuvare oru pankitta kondominiyamaayi bharichirunnu.
charithram.
baden kaundiyaayi marria bhoomi yadhaarthathil lensburg kaundukalaanu bharichirunnathu. aaa kudumbatthinte pradhana vamshavali illaathaayikkazhinjaal, athu kaibargsinu keezhilum pinneedu 1264-ll habsburgsin keezhilum vannu. kaundiyile krithyamaaya pradeshangal palappozhum maarikkondirunnuvenkum yadhaarthathil soorichgouyude padinjaaran bhaagavum raine, aarey, ruyas nadikalkkidayilulla pradeshatthinte chila bhaagangalum ulppettirunnu. pathinalam noottaandil badden pradesham limmett, ruyas nadikalkkidayilulla oru trikonamaayi maari, ennirunnaalum pinneedu ithu kooduthal vibhajikkapettu. aargauvile habsburg beylivikkinte bhaagamaayi, badden pattanatthil thante irippidamundaayirunna oru bailifaanu ithu kaikaaryam cheythirunnathu.
1414 november 16nuu sigismund chakravarty moonnu poppukal (benedict XIII, gregory XIII, joonn XXIII) thammilulla paashchaathya bhinnatha pariharikkan koonstans kaunsiline vilichu, avarellam niyamasadhutha avakashappettu. habsburghile frederic naalaaman joonn xsiii-yude paksham chernnu. joonn xsiii oru aantipopp aayi prakhyaapikkappettpol, frederikkinte sahaayathode addeham nagaratthil ninnu palayanam cheythu. pinneedu chakravarty habsburg bhoomi nashtappettathayi prakhyapikkukayum chakravarthikku vendi aaa bhoomi keezhadakkaan ayalraajyangalodu utharavidukayum cheythu. 1414ll bernn nagara-samsthaanam habsburgukalkkethire chakravartthiyude pinthuna vaagdaanam cheythirunnu, athinaal avar akramikkaan thayyarayirunnu. bakkiyulla konfedareshan udan thanne pinthudarnnu.
1415ll eee pradesham konfedareshan vegathil keezhadakki. habsburg bharanathin keezhil aargau onniladhikam vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkapettu, avaa konfedareshanu keezhil paripalikkappettu. bernn, loosen, soorich ennivaykku oororutharkkum keezhadakkiya pradeshatthinte oru bhagam bharanam nadatthaan nalki. badenile free aantarum "aant" umm backie konfedareshan vishaya pradesangalaayi koottaayi bharichu. konfedareshanu keezhil, badenile "aamtt" baden kaundiyaayi maari. baden, sighjental ennivayude muun ammter, clingnow, sursach, kaisarsthul ennividangalile konsttansinte vogtheyude bishop, aareyude idathuvashathulla leugern edavaka enniva kaundiyil ulppedunnu.
thudakkathil kaundiyude udamasthaavakaasham adhiniveshathil pankeduttha ezhu kantonukalkkidayil pankittirunnu. 1443 muthal ithu ettu kantonukalilekkum allengil "aachu oortte" yilekkum vyapippichu. kaandaamrigatthinte valath theerathulla cadelberg, leanheim, hohantengen edavakakal ulppedunna ettu aantharika jillakalaayum (rordorf, birmenstorff, gabenstorff, dieticon, vettingan, sighjental, ehrendon, leugern) moonnu baahya jillakalaayum (clingnow, surzak, kaisarstul) ithine vibhajichu. 
konfedarettukal habsburg niyama gadanayude bhooribhaagavum nilanirtthi, ithu niravadhi prashnangalkk kaaranamaayi. pradeshatthinte anjilonnu maathram thaazhnna kodathi nilanirthaan praadeshika prabhukkanmaarkk avakashamundaayirunnu. chuttumulla rajyangalil chitharikkidakkunna kodathikal nadatthaan avakashamulla 30-ladhikam vyathyastha prabhukkanmaar undaayirunnu. eee overlapping adhikaaraparidhikalellaam niravadhi samgharshangalkku kaaranamaayi, pakshe kramena konfedareshanu kaundiyil eee avakashangal nedaan kazhinju. baden, brengarten, mellingen ennee nagarangal bharana kendrangalaayi maarukayum haikkodathikal nadathukayum cheythu. kodathikalkkoppam, moonnu bharana kendrangalkkum ganyamaaya praadeshika svayambharanamundaayirunnu, ennaal oro rund varshavum "aachu oortte" niyamikkunna oru govarnoraanu avaa bharichirunnathu. randaam vilmerjan yudhathile protestant vijayathin sesham kaundiyude bharanam cheruthaayi maari. aachu oortte" oru jaamyakkaarane orumichu niyamikkunnathinupakaram, soorichum bern oororutharum 16 varshathil 7 varshathekku govarnore niyamichu, glares addehathe backie 2 varshathekku niyamichu.
baadanile landwogteshlosil (govarnorude kotta) govarnor thaamasichirunnu, athu 1486-90 ll vipuleekarichu. gavarnarkk svanthamaayi keezhkodathiyum praadeshika prabhukkalude kodathikalude appeel kodathiyum undaayirunnu. addeham chila praadeshika bharanadhikaarikaleyum baadanile haikodathi jadjimareyum niyamichu. haikkodathiyil samanilayundal govarnor theerumaanikkunna vottu rekhappeduthi. parimithamaaya adikaaraparidhiyum hrasvamaaya rund varshathe niyamanavum kaaranam govarnorude adikaaram parimithamaayirunnu. praadeshika kodathikalkkum grama mayermaarkkum alppam svayambharanaavakaashamundaayirunu.
govarnorude varumanam marananikuthi (1666ll vaarshika nikuthiyayi parivartthanam cheyyappettu), kaundi vidunna aalukalkkulla nikuthi, joothanmaarkkulla sahishnutha nikuthi, kasttams phees ennivayil ninnaan vannath. ennirunnaalum, kasttams phees valare kuravaayathinaal pathinezhaam noottaandil, theeruva pirikkanulla avakasham ettavum uyarnna lelakkaaran lelam cheythu. pathinezhaam noottaandil joothanmaare sahicha eaka federal contominium aayirunnu eee kaundi. 1774ll avaa endingen, lengnau ennee rund pattanangalil maathramaayi parimithappedutthi. grameena uyarnna vargakkaar oduvil joothanmaare purathaakkaan niravadhi thavana shramichuvenkilum adhikaarikalude saambathika thalpparyangal ithu thadanju. 1696 muthal oro 16 varshavum govarnoril ninnu oru samrakshanavum samrakshanavum nalkunna kathu vaangaan juthanmaar nirbandhitharaakumbol avar gavarnarkk nerittu keezhilaayirunnu. eee pradesham apoorvvamaayi maathrame laabhakaramaayirunnullu, oru govarnoraayi niyamikkappedunnathu saadhaaranayaayi mithamaaya sambathinu maathrame kaaranamaakoo.
pathinettaam noottaand vare, kaundiyile bhooribhaagam nivaasikalum krishiyil ninnaan jeevichirunnathu. avar kooduthalum daanyangal valarthiyirunnuvenkilum limmath, aarey, surb thaazhvarakalil kurachu vittikkalchar undaayirunnu. kaundiyile mikka maarkkat tounukalilum praadeshika vipanikal maathrame undaayirunnulloo, ennirunnaalum, vardhichuvarunna kadabadhyathayulla kaundikku ithu oru uracha varumaana srothass nalki. araajakathvamulla niyama ghadanayum vibhajicha bhoovudamathvavum bhoomi ellah anantharaavakaashikalkkum idayil anantharaavakaashamaayi vibhajikkunna paarambaryavum chernnu valia thothilulla parishkaarangal thadayunnu. pathinettaam noottaandil govarnor kaundiyiludaneelam niyamangalum udamasthaavakaashavum parishkkarikkanum maanadandamaakkaanum shramichuvenkilum parimithamaaya vijayathode. nirantharam maarikkondirikkunna bharanathinte peril, kaundikku yojicha deerghakaala saambathika nayamo parishkarangalkkulla pinthunayo illaayirunnu. pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathode faaktarikaloo millukaloo illaayirunnu, soorichinte athirthiyil kurachu cheria kudil vyavasaayangal maathrame undaayirunnulloo. 1750-nuu sesham soorichum bern ezhu varshathekku oru govarnore niyamikkaan thudangiyappol rooad nirmmaanathinu aadyamaayi munganana labhichu.
protestant parishkaranakaalathu chila munisippaalittikal puthiya vishwaasathilekku parivartthanam cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1531 muthal, chila pazhaya edavakakal pazhaya vishwaasathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappettu. catholica, protestant kantonukalil ninnaan gavarnarmaare niyamichathu, avar oro rund varshavum maarunnathinal, oru vishwaasathinum kaundiyil bhooripaksham labhichilla. teggerfeldon, surzak pattanangalil valia parishkaricha bhooripakshamundaayirunnu, athesamayam mattu pala pattanangalilum sakthamaaya nyoonapakshamundaayirunnu. berneys kottaarathinu keezhilulla birmenstorf gebenstorf ozhike parishkaricha edavakakal soorichile sabhaa kodathiyude adhikaarathilaayirunnu. surbtalile juthanmaar tiengen upayogichu oru beth dhiin allengil rabbinikkal kodathi roopeekarichu. pathinettaam noottaandil avar rund valia sinagogukal nirmmichu.
1798 muthalulla charithram.
kantoon.
1798leeii franch adhiniveshathinushesham badden kaundi pirichuvittu. 1798 march 19 nuu surichileyum bernileyum sarkkarukal helvetic republicil hraswakaala badden kantoon srishtikkaan sammathichu. 1803-leeii madhyasthathayude niyamathode badden kantoon pirichuvidukayum athu aargouyude bhaagamaayi maarukayum cheythu.
jilla.
baden kaundiyile muun pradeshangalude chila bhagangal baden jillayayi maari, aadyam baden kantonilum pinneedu aargau kantonilum (1803 muthal).
1803ll baden kantoon aargauvilekku layichathinushesham, jilla wurrenlingen, bellikkon, kunden, remetshvil, stettan, mellingen, vohlenshvil, magenville (baden kantoninte ayal jillakalil ninnu) ennee munisippaalittikal nediyengilum hootikkan, ooyittvil aan derr limmet, daittikkon, schlearen enniva soorich kantonilekku upekshikkendivannu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, munkaala kaarshika mekhala sradheyamaaya valarcha kaivarikkukayum kantonile ettavum valuthum saandravumaaya janasamkhyayulla jillayayi maarukayum cheythu (1990 ll 110,000, chathurashra kilometerinu 715 perr).