
shuja ull-mulk

addehathinte bahumanyanaaya sarr shuja ull-mulk kisi (1 januvari 1881-13 october 1936) chitraal samsthaanathinte bharanaadhikaariyaayirunnu, 1936 ll marikkunnathuvare 41 varsham athu bharichu. 1571 muthal 1969 vare samsthaanam bharicha rajakeeya kathur raajavamshathil amgamaayirunnu addeham, chitraal natturajyam layippichu pravishya bharanathilulla gotra pradesangalaaya malakand division, vadakkupadinjaaran athirthi pravishya, paakistaan ennivayude chitraal jilla roopeekarikkunnathuvare.
addehathinte bharanakaalathu chitraalinu ananthamaaya samadhaanathinte oru vipulamaaya kaalaghattam anubhavapettu. addeham vyaapakavum dooravyaapakavumaaya maattangalum bharanaparamaya parishkaarangalum konduvannu. moonnaam anglo-afghan yudhathil britiish saamraajyathin shuja ull-mulk pradhana sevanangal nalki. 1903ll britishukaar addehathe indian saamraajyathile ettavum pramukhamaaya oordarinte (sii. aii. iii) koottaaliyaayum 1919ll indian saamraajyathile ettavum pramukhamaaya oordarinte (keey. sii. aii) naitt commandera nikshepichu. addehathinu 11 thokkukalude vyakthigatha thokku salute, addehathinte mahathvam enna padavi enniva labhichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1881ll chithraalinte bharanakudumbatthil janicha mehtar shuja ull-mulk 1857 muthal 1892 vare samsthaanam bharicha chithraalile 'mahanaaya' mehtaraya amaan ull-mulkkinte randaamathe ilaya makanaayirunnu. shuja ull-mulkkinte amma oru rajakumaariyaayirunnu, asmar khaante makalaayirunnu.
rashtreeya prakshubdhathayum thaalkkaalika amgeekaaravum.
1892ll mehtar amaan ull-mulk marichappol, jandolile umra khaanum sherr afsul pashchaathalatthil addehathinte puthranmaarkkidayil oru neenda pinthudarchaavakaasha yuddham pottipurappettu, athu moonnu varsham neenduninnu. pithaavinte jeevithakaalathu nissam ull-mulk simhaasanathinte amgeekritha anantharaavakaashiyaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum nissam illaatheyum yassin samayathum afsal ull-mulk aaa supradhana theeyathiyil chithraalilaayirunnu. afsal udan thanne chithral kottayile ellah aayudangalum nidiyum pidichedukkukayum svayam mehtar ennu prakhyapikkukayum simhaasanathin saadhyathayulla malsaraarthikalaayi thaan kanda thante sahodaranmaare vadhikkan neengukayum cheythu. athesamayam, addeham indiayude viceroic britiish videshakaarya secreteric ayacha kathukalil thante pithaavinte maranavum janangalude sammathathodeyum sahodaranmaarude sammathathodeyum svayam mehtarshippilekku chernnathaayum prakhyaapichu. ennirunnaalum, eathaanum maasangalude bharanathinushesham, kaaboolil ninnu rahasyamaayi vanna ammavan sherr afsool addehathe kolappedutthi, raathriyil kotta akramikkukayum kollukayum cheythu. eee kaalayalavil nissam ull-mulk gilgittil britteeshukaarude athidhiyaayirunnu, koodaathe paramaadhikaaratthinaayulla thante shramathe britiish aayudhashakthi pinthunaykkunnuvennu vishwaasam chithraalikalkkidayil janippichu. gilgithil ninnu madangiyethiya nissam veendum kaaboolilekku palayanam cheytha sherr afsuline purathaakkunnathil vijayichu. niravadhi europian abhiruchikal valarthiyedutha nissam oru sweekaaryanaaya manushyanaanennu vishwasikkappedunnu, pakshe athu addehathinte uddeshyathinu sahayakaramaayirunnilla. 1895 januvari 1nuu oru vettayaadal paryadanathinidayil nissam ull-mulkkine addehathinte nandiketta sahodaran ameer ull-mulk kolappedutthi. prachodithanaaya ameer, chithraalile annathe resident polittikkal offeesaraaya lefttanant bertrand gurden oru deputation ayachu, mehtarai amgeekarikkanamennu aavasyappettu, pakshe britiish sarkkaarinte utharavukal kaathirikkanamennu paranju.
1895 januvari 8nuu pathinaalaamatthe sikhukaaril 50 perr masthoojil ninnu chithraalile gurdonil cherunnathinayi march cheythu. februvari 1 nuu britiish ejantu gilgittil ninnu shandoor churatthiloode ethi, central india kuthirayude annathe kyapttan tounshendinte neethrthwathil, naalam kashmeer raifilukalil 280 perr adangunna oru escortumaayi.iii. saamraajyathva sevana sena lefttanant harleyude keezhil 14-aamm sikhukaaril ninnulla 33 perum. gurden pinthuna nalkuka, chithraalile britiish udyogasthare raktham ozhukunnathu thadayuka, mehtarship shathrukkalude kaikalilekku veezhunnathu thadayuka ennivayaayirunnu avarude lakshyam. savisheshamaayi peerankikalonnum undaayirunnilla, munnerunna samghathodoppam, avide undaayirunnengil, thudarnnulla uparodham undakumaayirunnilla. ennirunnaalum umra khaan kila drosh eduthuvennum sherr afsulinoppam ameerinoppam chernnuvennum chithraalilekku neengukayaanennum ketta sarr jorjju scott robartsan britiish sainyathe aavasyamillaathe chithral kottayilekku maatti. 12-aamm vayassil suja ull-mulk budhimaanaayi kaanappedukayum samsthaanathinte ellah kaaryangalilum atheeva thaalparyam kaanikkukayum mayakkathinte guruthwaakarshanathodukoodiya swaabhaavika rajathwa swabhaavam ullathayi parayappedukayum cheythu. 1895 march 2 nuu oru darbaarilvechu, india gavanmentinte amgeekaarathinu vidheyamaayi, shuja ull-mulkkine mehtar ennu amgeekarichathaayi sarr jorj prakhyaapichu. shujayude vidhi, athinusesham, addehathinu chuttumulla kurachu britiish udyogastharude vidhiyumayi bandhappettirunnu. thanikk yadhaartha sneham thonniya kyapttan tounshend thante vyakthiparamaaya surakshayudeyum surakshayudeyum utharavaadithamullayaali. britiish sainyam 'panchasarayum paalum' ennaanu shuja ull-mulkkine vilipperittathu. shathrukkalude shakti ekadesham 1200 aanennu kanakkakkappettu. march 4 nuu shatru kottaykku chuttum adaykkukayum uparodham aarambikkukayum cheythu, chithraalikal avarude kudumbangalekkurichulla nalla bhayam kaaranam sherr afsulinoppam cheraan nirbandhitharaayi. kottaykkullil britishukaar stokkukal pariganikkukayum ellaavareyum pakuthi reshanil vekkukayum randara maasamo juun pakuthiyo vare nilanirthaan kazhiyumennu kanakkaakkukayum cheythu.
chithraalinte uparodhavum adhinivesavum.
chithraalile sambhavangalude vivaranam dooravyaapakamaayi sanjarikkukayum britiish anthass nilanirthunnathinum manoveeryam punasthaapikkunnathinum oru edapedal nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. britishukaar kalkattayil koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum sainikarude uparodham takarkkaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu.
uparodhikkappettavarude aashwaasathinaayi, mejar general sarr roobert loyude keezhil feeld aarmiyude onnaam division, general bindon blud addehathinte cheef oof staaf aayi aninirathi. ithinidayil kyapttan rooss, lefttanant johns ennivarude teamin lefttanant edwardinteyum foularinteyum sainyathinum sambhavicha nirbhagyam sambandhicha vaarthakal india sarkkaaril ethi. angane nadapadiyedukkaanulla adiyanthiratha vardhippikkukayum kenal jaims graves kelliyude oresamayam edapedal aavasyappedukayum 32-aamathe sikh pioneermaaraaya gilgithinodu vadakku ninnu durithaashwaasathilekku march cheyyaan utharavidukayum cheythu.
sarr roobert loyude keezhilulla 15,000 sainikar adangunna division moonnu kaalaalppada brigedukalaayi kootticherkkappedukayum ekadesham 30,000 kovarkazhuthakalum kuthirakalum ottakangalum eee samayamaayappozhekkum malakandu churatthiloode swatilekkum dirilekkum sanjarikkukayum cheythu. avarkk kanatha cheruthunilppu neridendivarikayum praadeshika gothravargakkaar avarkkethire yuddham cheyyukayum cheythuvenkilum avar chithraalilekkulla yaathrayilaayirunnu. athesamayam, 32-aamath sikh pioneermaaril ninnulla 400 sainikarum onnaam nambar kashmeer parvatha baattariyude 2 thokku vibhaagavum. portermaaraayi upayogikkunna 1,000 levikal, kenal kellie thanutha thanutha thapanilayilum aazhathilulla manjilum 12,000 adii shandoor churatthiloode march cheythu. 1895 epril 18nuu koolam kogaasiyiletthiyappol kenal kellick annu chithraalilundaayirunna sarr jorjil ninnu oru kathu labhichu, sherr afsulinteyum umra khaanteyum uparodha seena pinmariyathaayum chithral kottayude uparodham avasaanichathaayum ariyichu. thekk ninnu sarr roobert loyude durithaashwaasa senayude kooduthal vidoora bheeshaniyode kelliyude nirayude munnettam uparodham upekshikkaan nirbandhithamaakki. 1895 epril 20nuu kenal kelliyude koolam chithraalilekku march cheythu.
chithraalile sthithigathikal general roobert loye saadhaarana nilayilaakkiyenna vivarathinte velichathil, poornna munnettam nirthukayum thudarnnu brigadier general gatakkarodu chithraalilekkulla lowari churatthinu mukaliloode oru cheria nirayumaayi munnott pookaan utharavidukayum cheythu. 1895 meyy 15nuu general gaataakkar chithraaliletthi, adutha divasam sarr roobert loow addehathodoppam chernnu. sherr afsool avasheshippichirunna oru peeranki sarr robertinum IV gorkha raifilukalude randaam bataaliyan udyogastharkkum shuja sammaanichu.
ithinidayil 1895 septambar 2 nuu chithral kottayil nadanna oru darbaaril chithraalinte mehtarai shuja ull-mulkkine sthiramaayi sthaapichu.
nilanirtthal prashnam.
chithraalinte aashwaasathinum shuja ull-mulkkine mehtar enna nilayil kireedadhaaranatthinum sesham, bhaavi nayathekkurichulla chodyam india sarkkaarine abhimukheekarichu. rund badalukal svayam avatharippichu onnukil britteeshukaarkk, "chithraalinte mail phalapradamaaya niyanthranam nilanirthaanulla sramam upekshikkaano allengil avarkk avide mathiyaya oru kaaval senaye sthaapikkaano kazhiyum". shooja sambandhichidatholam, britishukaar pettennu pinvalikkunnath adhikara shoonyatha srishtikkukayum addeham ippol bharanam ettedutha samsthaanathu kooduthal yudhathinu vediyorukkukayum cheyyum. athu addehathinte jeevithathe valia apakadathilaakkumennathil samshayamilla.
oro kozhsukaludeyum abhiruchiyekkurichu sainika vidagtharkkidayil abhipraayavyathyaasamundaayinu. loard roberts nilanirtthalinte vakthaakkalkk thante pinthuna nalki. sarr donald stuvartt, sarr nevil chamberline, sarr joonn adey, sarr chaals goff, loard chelmsford thudangiya sakthamaaya sainika adhikaarikal addehathinethire aninirannu. 1895ll russiayil ninnu indiaykkethiraaya aakramanathinte apakadasaadhyatha ananthamaayirunnu. chithraalil britiish swaadheenam nilanirthunnathu "aadya praadhaanyamulla kaaryamaan" ennu visroyiyude executive kaunsil ekakandamaayi theerumaanichu. 1895 juun 13nuu, oru sainika senayeo britiish ejantineyo chithraalil sookshikkaruthennum chithraaline shakthippedutharuthennum peshavarinum chithraalinum idayil oru road nirmmikkaruthennum loard rosberry manthrisabha urachu marupadi nalki. 1876 muthal thudarchayaayi pinthudarunna munnottulla nayam avar nirasichu. ennaal kaalakramena liberal sarkkar veezhukayum loard salisbury manthrisabha avarude theerumaanam maattukayum cheythu. angane chithraalinte nilanirtthal anuvadikkukayum aaa anumathi aavasyamulla rooad poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu.
chitraal oru bhagamaaya paramadhikaara raashtramaayirikkendathaayinu, avalude aabhyanthara karyangal poornnamaayum mehtar shuja ull-mulkkinteyum addehathinte upadeshtaakkaludeyum kaikalilaayirunnu. ellah videsha bandhangalum nadathukayum niyanthrikkukayum cheiyunnathaayirunnu india gavanmentinte chumatala. ennirunnaalum, mastooj, laspur pradeshangal britishukaar pidichedukkukayum swatantra gavarnarmaarude keezhil vaykkukayum cheythu. rund indian kaalaalppada rejimentukal, indian armi corps oof enchineeyarmaaril ninnulla sapper, khanithozhilaalikal ennivarude oru kambani, parvatha peerankikalude oru baattari enniva ulppedunna oru britiish gaarsan chithraalil sthaapichu. 200 ennam varunna praadeshika levikalude kaaval sena snider-enfield raifilukalum lover chithraaliludaneelamulla ditaachmentukalil sthaapichu. mehtar enna nilayil shuja ull-mulkkinu prathimasam 1,000 indian roopa subsidy rund jillakalude nashtam nikathunnathinaayi 8,000 roopa vaarshika thukayum labhikkumenn vaagdaanam cheythirunnu.
kalaapathil pankeduttha ellaavarkkum pothumaapp prakhyapikkuka ennathaayirunnu mehtar enna nilayil shujayude aadya pravrithikalilonnu.
mehtar pole adikaarangal.
mehtar shuja ull-mulk praayamaakunnathuvare oru regency kaunsilinu keezhil bharichu, poornna bharana adikaarangal nikshepichu. karsan prabhu thante dayariyil soochippichathupole, mehtar enna nilayilulla addehathinte sakthikal, sidhaanthathil ettavum svechaadhipathyaparamaayirunnu.
mehtar enna nilayil addeham judicial, niyamanirmmaana, executive adikaarangalil paramonnathanaayirunnu.
chithral skauttukalude roopeekaranam (1903).
britteeshukaarude shanaprakaaram 1903ll shuja ull-mulk, deshatthinte prathirodhatthil sevikkaan kazhiyunna oru thaddesheeya senayaaya chithral skauttukale srishtikkaan sahakarichu. thudakkathil rund britiish offeesarmaarude keezhil sevanamanushtichirunna 1,000 sainikar ulppettathaayirunnu eee seena, ennirunnaalum kaalakramena shakti palamadangu vardhichu. paasukal kaaval nilkkukayum purathuninnullavare thadayukayum cheiyunna praadeshika kragsmaanmaaraayi skauttukal pravarthichu. samsthaana amgarakshakaril ninnu vyathyasthamayi chithral skauttukalkku vipulamaaya pariseelanavum mikacha nilavaaramulla aayudangalum labhichu.
samsthaana amgarakshaka senayude aupachaarikavalkkaranam (1909).
amaan ull-mulkkinte kaalam muthal oru anoupachaarika ardhasainika seena nilaninnirunnu. 1909ll seena aupachaarikavalkkarikkappedum 110 peradangunna 6 kambanikal ulkkollukayum cheythathode samsthaana amgarakshakasena nilavil vannu. mehtar enna nilayil shuja ull-mulk senayude cheef kamaandaraayirunnu. kaalakramena 4,000-thiladhikam shaktharaaya purushanmaar adangunna 40 kambanikale ulppeduthunnathinaayi sainyam valarnnu. 1919leeii anglo-afghan yudhathil chithraalinte prathirodhatthil eee seena nirnaayaka punk vahichu.
niyama parishkaarangal.
noottaandukalaayi mehtarinte aasthaanamaayirunnu neethinyaaya vyavasthayude melnottam vahichirunnathu. kenal joonn bidalfinte abhipraayathil "niyamatthinte bharanam praayogikamaayi bharanaadhikaariyude ishtamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum naamamaathramaayi shareeathinte kalppanakal paalikkappedunnu". ennirunnaalum ellah tharkkangalum executive feattiloodeyaanu pariharichathennu karuthunnath thettaanu allengil mehtar thante prathyekaavakaasham prakadippichathinte falamaanu. bhooribhaagam kesukalum islaamika allengil parambaraagatha niyamaprakaaramaan pariharichathu.
1892ll amaan ull-mulkkinte maranam vare neethinyaaya vakupp nilavilundaayirunnilla. thuranna kodathiyil thante sahayikalumaayi koodiyaalochicha sesham sivil tharkkangal mehtar pariharichu. athesamayam criminal karyangal saadhaaranayaayi theerumaanikkunnathu musleem daivashaasthranjarude oru jooriyaanu.
judicial kaunsil.
1909ll judicial samvidaanathe punasamghadippikkaanulla shramathinte bhaagamaayi praadeshikamaayi kausal ennariyappedunna judicial kaunsil suja ull-mulk sthaapichu. oru samayam 10 pramukhar vare ulppedunna eee samiti sivil, criminal harjikal kettu. pathiv niyamathinteyum executive mungaamikaludeyum velichathilaanu cases mothatthil theerumaanikkappettathu. judicial kaunsilinte upasamithikal praadeshika thalatthil roopeekarichu, avide ninnu pradhana seettilekkum aathyanthikamayi mehtarilekkum appeel nalkum. uchithamaaya kesukalil nerittu mehtar harji nalkaan kazhiyumennathinaal oru harjikkaaran budhimuttulla judicial shreniyil naavigettu cheyyenda aavashyamillaayirunnu.
missan-iii-shariat.
athe varsham thanne islaamika niyamaprakaaram theerumaanikkenda kesukal pariganikkunna oru samghadanayaaya missan-iii-shariat ('shariyathinte skeyilukal') shuja sthaapichu. eee kodathiyile cheef justice khaasi-ull-kwasa ennariyappettirunnu, mehtar niyamicha naalo ancho prashastha daivashaasthranjar addehathe sahayichu. oru kanvenshan enna nilayil asaadhaaranamaaya saahacharyangalilozhike misaanumaayo judicial kaunsilukalumaayo viyojikkaruthenn shooja paranju. atharam sandarbhangalil rekhakal punaparisodhikkaanaayi athath kodathiyilekku thirike nalkum. eee parishkaarangalkk munbu sivil allengil criminal kesukalude rekhakalonnum nilanirtthiyirunnilla. avare pinthudarnnukondu rund kodathikalum rekhaamoolamulla harjikal sweekarikkukayum athinte oru rekha sookshikkukayum cheythu. 1915ll staambu cheytha paper avatharippikkukayum athinusesham ellah judicial nadapadikaludeyum oru rekhaamoolamulla rekhakal sookshikkukayum cheythu.
masthoojinteyum laspoorinteyum punarekeekaranam.
addeham simhaasanathileriyathinethu mastooj, laspur jillakal chithraalil ninnu eduthukalayukayum swatantra britiish gavarnarmaarude keezhil vaykkukayum cheythu. avare chithraalinte bhaagamaayi nyaayeekarikkaavunna vidhathil kanakkakkiyathinaal avare thirike konduvaraan thante adikaaramettathumuthal thanne shooja dridanishchayathilaayirunnu. 1899-ll india sandarshichappol addeham viceroi loard karsanumaayi thante apeksha sweekarikkukayum 1914 meyy 13-nuu oru karar prakaram sarkkar mastooj lasper addehathinu kaimaarunnathuvare thante aavasyam thudarukayum cheythu.
yassin muthalaayava veendedukkaanulla sramangal.
masthujinteyum laspoorinteyum niyanthranam shuja ull-mulkkilekku thirichethiya sesham, yassin pradeshangalum sameepa jillakalum thanikk kaimaran addeham britiish adikaarikalodu abhyarthichu, kaaranam yassin jilla sameepa jillakalum amaan ull-mulkkinte bharanakaalathu chithraalinte bhaagamaayirunnu, pinneedu avaa verpeduthi. ennirunnaalum gulab singhinte pingamiyaaya kashmeerile maharaja ranbeer singh eee ashayathe shakthamayi ethirkkukayum yassin sameepa jillakalum thante aadhipathyathinum mehtarinte pradeshathinum edayilulla oru rakshaakarthaavaayi thudaranamennu aagrahikkukayum cheythu. britiish bharanadhikaarikal maharajavinte samvaranangal thikachum nyaayeekarikkaavunnavayi kanakkakki. eee jillakalile addehathinte vipareeta thalpparyam amgeekarikkunnathu chitraalum kashmir thammilulla samgharshathilekku nayichekkaamennathinaal poornnamaaya parigananaykk sesham shooja ull-mulkkinte abhyarthanakal amgeekarikkaan kazhinjilla.
moonnaam anglo-afghan yuddham (1919).
1919ll afgaanisthaan ameeraaya amanullah khaan briteeshukaarumaayulla bandham vichedikkukayum yuddham prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. chithral ulppede vividha munnanikalilaanu india aakramikkappettath. 1919 meyy 8 nuu pakshaantharathinulla oru vaagdaanam shuja ull-mulkkinu labhichu, ennirunnaalum addeham aaa vaagdaanam nirasikkukayum briteeshukaarumaayulla karaarinte paksham nilanirthukayum cheythu. nasser ull-mulkkinte neethrthwathil chithral skauttukalum chithral stettu amgarakshakarum dheeramaayi pooraadukayum afghan aakramanathe nischalamaakkukayum cheythu.
1919ll indian saamraajyathile (keey. sii. aii) ettavum pramukhamaaya oordarinte (keey. sii. aii) naitt kamaandaraayi nikshepichukondu shuja ull-mulkkine naitt padavi nalki. oru varshathinusesham addehathinu addehathinte bahumanam enna padavi nalkukayum 11 thokkukalude vyakthigatha abhivaadyam arhikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte vishwasthathaykkulla amgeekaaramaayi india gavanment addehathinu 2,000.303 liie-enfield raifilukalum valia thokkukalum sammaanichu. 1925ll 300 raifilukalude oru charakk addehathinu sammaanichu, 1927ll 700 thokkukal koodi. 1929ll britteeshukaaril ninnu sammaanamaayi rund peerankikal addehathinu labhichu.
bharanam (1895-1936).
mehtar shuja ull-mulk praayamaakunnathuvare oru regency kaunsilinu keezhil bharichu, poornna bharana adikaarangal nikshepichu. 41 varsham addeham bharichu, eee kaalayalavil chitraal abhoothapoorvamaaya aabhyanthara samadhaanathinte kaalam aasvadichu. addeham indiayude vividha bhagangal sandarshikkukayum niravadhi saha bharanaadhikaarikale kandumuttukayum cheythu. aii. dii. 1-leeii shaithyakaalath, shuja ull-mulk gilgitt ejansi medhaaviyodoppam kalkattayile indiayude viceroy sandarshichu. addehathinte maanasika chakravaalatthe valareyadhikam vipuleekaricha sandarshanangalude oru parambarayile aadyathethaayirunnu ithu. 1902 meyy maasathil peshavaarile vais-reegal darbaaril mehtar sannihithanaayirunnu. dalhi darbarilekku shanikkappetta addeham 1903ll dalhiyile kireedadhaarana darbaaril pankedukkukayum avide indian saamraajyathile ettavum pramukhamaaya kramatthinte koottaaliyaayi (sii.aii.iii). 1903ll indiayude parvatha athirthikalil vyakthiparamaaya parisodhana nadathivanna commander-inn-cheef oof india loard kichanar general hubert hamilton sarr vilyam birdwood chernnu chithral sandarshichu. suja ull-mulk avarkk valare ooshmalamaaya sweekaranam nalki. aadyatheyaalude nirddeshaprakaaram mehtar chithraalinum gilgithinum idayil oru telegraphy line sthaapikkaan chumathalappedutthi.
aii. dii. 1-leeii thanutha kaalaavasthayil addeham veendum india sandarshikkukayum adutha varsham gavanment house peshavaarile oru garden partyil vachu thante raajakudumbaamgamaaya prins oof weils jorjju frederic albertine (pinneedu jorjju vii) kandumuttukayum cheythu. 1907 septambaril addeham patthu divasathekku simla anoupachaarika sandarshanam nadathukayum addehathinte prabhuvaya mintoyumaayi oru abhimukham nadathukayum cheythu.
1911ll dalhiyile raaja chakravartthiyude darbaaril pankeduttha shuja ull-mulk avide dalhi darbar medel sweekarikkukayum cheythu. 1911ll, samsthaanathinte vividha bhaagangalil ganyamaaya bhoomi labhicha chithraalinte charithram rekhappeduthunna oru pusthakam ezhuthaan shuja mirza mohammed gufranode utharavittu. 1921ll samaharikkukayum anthimaroopam nalkukayum cheytha taarikh-iii-chithral pershyan bhaashayilaan ezhuthappettathu. ithu chithraalinteyum hindu kush mekhalayudeyum charithratthile oru naazhikakkallaan. 1918 meyy maasathil sarr jorjju roose-keppel athirthiyil yuddham pottippurappettal mehtarinte pinthuna samaharikkaanulla shramathil chithral sandarshichu. angane sandarshichappol, sarr jorjju keppel vadakku-padinjaaran athirthi pravishyayude aadyathe cheef kammeeshanaraayi. valia aathidhyamaryaadayode addehathe sweekarikkukayum mehtarinte vaagdaanangalaal valareyadhikam aakarshikkappedukayum cheythu. 1919-ll, aduthide avasaanicha moonnaamathe anglo-afghan yudhathil addehathinte vishwasthathaykkum sevanangalkkum amgeekaaramaayi, indian saamraajyathile ettavum pramukhamaaya oordarinte naitt kamaandaraayi niyamithanaayukond shuja ull-mulkkinu 11 thokkukalude vyakthigatha salute, naitt padavi enniva nalki, 1920-ll addehathinte padavi pinthudarnnu. 1932-ll addehathinte pingaamikalkk abhivaadyam, padavi enniva sthiravum paarambaryaparavumaakki.
1921ll shuja ull-mulk india sandarshikkukayum aaa novemberil ajmeer sandarshicha weils rajakumaran edward patrick davidine (pinneedu edward VIII) kandumuttukayum cheythu. dalhiyile vaisar leagal lodjil viceroi loard readinginte athidhiyaayi addeham rund divasam chelavazhichu. jammuvilethunnathinu munbu addeham bombeyile indor sandarshikkukayum avide oru aupachaarika darbaaril kashmeer maharajavu prathaap singh addehathe sweekarikkukayum oru samsthaana athidhiyaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. 1923ll indiayude commander-inn-cheef loard rollinson indiayude vadakkan autposttukalilekku oru yaatra nadathumbol mehtarinte samsthaana athidhiyaayi chithral sandarshichu.
1923-1924 ll, shuja ull-mulk arabiayilekku theerthaadanatthinu pooyi, avide addeham mcca sandarshikkukayum hajj arppikkukayum cheythu. 1923 novemberil shooja chithraalil ninnu purappett peshwar, dalhi, bombe ennividangalilekku yaatra cheythathodeyaanu yaatra aarambhichath. bombayil ninnu purappett addeham basra, baghdad, jerusalem, jeddah, mcca, madeena ennividangalilekku pooyi. madeenayil addeham hussain raajaavinte athidhiyaayi thudarnnu. 1924 augustil addeham chithraalilekku madangi. aaa varsham feeld marshell sarr vilyam bared wood chithral sandarshikkukayum mehtarinte samsthaana athidhiyaayi vinodikkappedukayum cheythu.
athe varsham thanne, islaamika kolejile vidyaarthi thiranjedukkappetta samghadana (khaibar union), shuja ull-mulkkinu oonarari aajeevanantha amgathvam nalki. munbu chithraalil asisttant polittikkal ejantaayi sevanamanushticha sarr sahibzada abdul khayoomumaayi shuja souhrudabandhathilaayirunnu. randaamathe sujayude prothsaahanathetthudarnna sthaapanam sthaapikkunnathinu 20,000 roopa sambhavana nalkukayum randaamathethil ninnulla prothsaahanathode addeham sthaapanathinte valarchayil pankedukkaan thudangukayum cheythu. samayam labhichappol addeham islaamika kolejile trasttikalude yogangalil adhyakshatha vahichu. islaamika koleju maanejment bodiyude presidentaayi thiranjedukkappetta shuja 1928lum 1931lum aaa padaviyil sthaapanam sandarshichu.
1926ll shuja ull-mulk peshavaarile vais reejal darbaaril pankedutthu. 1928ll addeham veendum india sandarshikkukayum aaa varsham october 8 muthal desember 1 vare sandarshanam nadathukayum cheythu. eee sandarshana velayil addehathodoppam asisttant polittikkal ejantu chitraalum undaayirunnu. swaatt sandarshichukondu shuja thante paryadanam aarambhichu, avide seithuvil vaaliyude athidhiyaayi addehathe rasippichu. addeham peshavaarilekku neengi, avide addeham sarr norman boltante athidhiyaayi thudarnnu, rampoorile navabaya sarr hameed alii khaante shanaprakaaram raambarilekku purappettu. deradoonile prins oof weils royal indian milittari college shuja sandarshichu, avide addeham thante ilayamakale swakaarya vidyaabhyaasathinaayi chertthu. dalhiyil viceroi loard irvinumaayi addehathinu oru abhimukham nalki. 1931 novemberil addeham veendum india sandarshikkukayum vadakkupadinjaaran athirthikalodulla india gavanmentinte nayathekkurichu sannadhathayude adayaalamaaya viceroi freeman thomasumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum cheythu. 1932 epril 27nuu vimanamaargam chithraalilekku madangunnathinumumbu addeham peshavaarilekku madangiyethiyappol nagaratthil sarr ralph grifithumaayi charcha nadatthi.
parishkaarangal.
addehathinte sthaanaarohanathethudarnna, ammayudeyum kammeeshan cheytha indian udyogastharudeyum maarganirdeshaprakaaram suja ull-mulk vyaapakavum samagravumaaya parishkaarangal avatharippikkan thudangi.
bhoomi rekhakal.
1898 muthal britteeshukaarude sahaayathode shuja ull-mulk samsthaanathinte dhanakaarya samvidaanangal punasamghadippichu. aadyamaayi, ellah bhoomikaludeyum bhoovudamakaludeyum rekhakalum avar samsthaanathinu varumanam nalkaan baadhyastharaaya nirakkum oru rajisttaril rekhappeduthiyittundu. nikuthi vettipp samsthaanathinte shradhayilppedaathe pokillennu rekhakal urappakki. vaadakakkaarkku pankitta vilakalkkayi anuvadicha samsthaana bhoomiyude vishadaamshangalum rajisttaril adangiyirikkunnu.
daathukkal.
samsthaanathe dhaatu vibhavangal chooshanam cheiyunnathil shooja valareyadhikam thaalparyam prakadippichu. swarnna podikkaayi chithral nadiyil kulikkaan addeham muzhuvan kudumbangaleyum niyamichu, uthppaadippicha panam samsthaana khajanaavilekku pooyi. oorpiment, velli, ledu, antimony, chrystalised quarts, irumbayiru, chembu, pottasyam naitrettu ennivayaanu verthirichedutha mattu daathukkal. dhaatu kayattumathi, prathyekichu chainayilekkulla oorpiment kayattumathi laabhakaramaanennu theliyikkukayum nalla laabhathilekku maarukayum cheythu. 1914 aayappozhekkum oorpimentinte kayattumathi sharashari 20,000 kabulikal nedi.
oktroyi.
venalkkaalath, dhora churatthilum lowari churatthilum manju thelinjappol, vividha tharatthilulla saadhanangal eee churangaliloode chithraalilekku konduvannu. chithraalilekkum puratthekkum charakkukal kondupookunna vyaapaarikalum athupole thanne gathaagathathilullavarum charitraparamaayi oktroy ennariyappedunna nikuthi adaykkendathundu. oktroyi shekharanam niyanthrichu. 1919 aayappozhekkum oktroyi samsthaanathinu prathivarsham ekadesham 4,000 indian roopa varumanam nedukayaayirunnu. ithu thudarnnulla varshangalil vardhichu, udaaharanathinu, 1932 num 1936 num idayil, actroyil ninnulla sharashari vaarshika varumanam 19,680 roopayaayirunnu. nikuthi pirikkunna samsthaana udyogasthar vyaapaarikalkk achadicha raseethukal nalkendivannathinaal eee nadapadi azhimathi anuvadichilla.
adimatham.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, cheruppakkaaraaya aakarshakamaaya purushanmareyum sthreekaleyum ekadesham 300 kabulikalkku vaangaanum vilkkanum kazhiyumaayirunnu, athesamayam kuttikalkk 100 muthal 300 kabulikal vare vaangaan kazhiyumaayirunnu. 1880kalil adimakkachavada sambradaayam kuranjuvarikayum afgaanisthaanile ameer abdur rahman khaan thante bharanakaalathu (1878-1901) adimatham nirodhikkukayum kaabool pravishyayile adima vipani adachupoottukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, britiish colonial bharanakoodam nirodhikkunnathin munbu britiish indiayil adimakkachavadam 1895 vare niyamaparamaayi thudarnnu.
pizha.
shuja ull-mulkkinte bharanakaalathu, addehathinte mungaamikal enna nilayil, kuttakrithyangalude nirakk valare kuravaayirunnathinaal, niyamam anusarikkunna oru samoohamaayirunnu chithral. shekharicha pizha durithamanubhavikkunna vyakthikko kudumbatthino nalkukayum nashtaparihaaramaayi nalkukayumaayirunnu. pizhayude oru nischitha bhagam khajanaavil pookumennu shooja vidhichu.
ushr.
chithraalinte chila bhaagangalil kurachukaalamaayi ushr (dasaamsham) enna ashayam nilaninnirunnu. samsthaana daivashaasthranjarumaayi koodiyaalochicha sesham, 1910-ll shuja ull-mulk eee ashayam vipuleekarikkukayum vividha kaarshika uthppannangalil ushr adichelppikkukayum cheythu. eee puthiya nikutiye, prathyekichu ismaili bhooripakshamulla mastooj mekhalayil, shakthamayi ethirthu. ennirunnaalum, 1918 aayappozhekkum ithu chithraaliludaneelam nirbandhithamaayi adichelppikkappettu. shekharicha daanyangal samsthaana daanyashaalakalilekku pooyi, shekharichathinte rekhakal ravanyoo vakupp sookshichu. amgarakshakasena ulppedeyulla samsthaana udyogastharkku ushr stokkil ninnu daanyangal labhichu. 1928leeii rekhakal velippeduthunnathu aaa varsham 6,610 kodi stokkukal samsthaana dhaanyashaalakalil undaayirunnu ennaanu. chithraalinte uparodhathethudarnnu chithraalil britiish sainika saannidhyam sthiramaayirunnu. swaabhaavikamaayum senakalkku bhakshyasadhanangal aavashyamaayirunnu, thudakkathil iva lowari churatthiloode ayachirunnu. gathaagathachelavu valare kooduthalaanennu taamasiyaathe manassilayi. oduvil, 1902-ll britiish adhikaarikal mehtarinu sainikarkk vitharanam cheyyaanulla karar nalki. kaalakramena eee krameekaranam samsthaanathinu ganyamaaya varumanam nedikkodutthu, 1932 num 1936 num idayil prathivarsham sharashari 218,800 roopa.
mayakkumarunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil mayakkumarunnu gathagatham sarkkar niyanthrichirunnilla. 1902ll borogililaanu oru warehouse sthaapichathu. kanchaavinteyum karuppinteyum kayattumathiyude oru bhagam chithraalilaanu upayogichirunnathu, kaabul, peshawar, lahore, bombe thudangiya vidoora vipanikalil ithu vittu. 1928 aayappozhekkum mayakkumarunnu vyaapaarathil ninnu mehtar prathivarsham 30,000 roopa sambaadikkukayaayirunnu. pilkkala varshangalil, kanjaavum karuppum praadeshikamaayi chithraalil krishi cheyyappedukayum angane praadeshika uthppannangal samsthaana varumaanathilekku kooduthal cherkkappedukayum cheythu.
thadi.
pathonpathaam noottaandil afgaanisthaanumaayulla thadi vyapaaram aarambhichu. chithraalile ellah vanangalilum mehtarinu yadhaartha avakashangal undayirunnathinaal, labhikkuna varumanam treasuryilekku ozhuki. amaan ull-mulkkinte bharanakaalathu vyapaaram ettavum mikacha reethiyil abhivridhi praapikkukayum chilappol prathivarsham 40,000 kabulikal vare samsthaanam nedukayum cheythu. thadiyude moolyathekkurichu arinja shuja ull-mulk 1908-ll oru vanaa vakupp sthaapichu. thadi vyapaaram mathramalla, virakinu nikuthi chumathunnathadakkam praadeshikamaayi thadiyude upayogam niyanthrikkunnathinulla nadapadikalum vakupp avatharippichu. shuja ull-mulkkinte keezhil thadi vyapaaram thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, 1919leeii anglo-afghan yudhathethudarnnu vilppana kuranjathode ithu poornnamaayum nilachu. eee sahacharyam shoojayude bharanakalam muzhuvan nilaninnu.
kadakalum kadakalum.
valarunna vipanikk anusrithamaayi puthiya kadakalum kaarvanserekalum nirmmikkaan shuja ull-mulk utharavittu. charakkukaludeyum vilakaludeyum vitharanam niyantrikkaan udyogasthare niyamichu. chithraalil, lottu kuh, drosh ennividangalil nirmmicha puthiya kadakal samsthaanathinu dhaaraalam varumanam konduvannu.
thayyal veedu.
irupathaam noottaand vare, mehtarinte alamarayil praadeshika thuniyil ninnu maathram nirmmicha praadeshika vasthrangal undaayirunnu. 1914ll kuranjathu 12 thayyalkkaare niyamikkukayum thuni irakkumathi cheyyukayum mehtarinum raajakudumbathinum vasthrangal thayyarakkukayum cheiyunna oru thayyalsala sthaapikkukayum cheytha shuja ull-mulkkinoppam ithu kramena maari. oru thayyal veedinu purame, chithral kottaykku sameepam shooja oru samsthaana alakkushala sthaapichu. raajakudumbathinte vasthradhaaranavum samsthaana amgarakshakarude unifom ithu kaikaaryam cheythu.
vidyaabhyaasam.
shuja ull-mulkkinte keezhil vidyaabhyaasathinu kooduthal audyogika rakshaakarthruthvam labhichu. chithral, drosh, drasun, lottu kuh, mastooj, shagram enniva aankuttikalkkayi praadhamika vidyaalayam sthaapikkaan kaaranamaayi. mathavum pershyan saahithyavumaayirunnu ivide padippikkappedunna pradhana vishayangal. eee vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangalkku daanyavum mattu dhanasahayavum samsthaanam nalkunnu. aadhunika vidyaabhyaasam nedunnathinaayi shuja ull-mulk thante puthranmaare peshawar, aligad, deradoon thudangiya vidoora sthalangalilekku ayachu.
aarogya samrakshanam.
heppattaitis, collara, typhoid, kshayarogam thudangiya vyapakamaaya pakarchavyaadhikalum rogangalum oro varshavum chithraalil niravadhi jeevan apaharichu. shoojayude bharanakaalathu chithraalil oru ashupatriyum droshil mattonn ashupatriyum sthaapikkappettu. eee aashupathrikalil yogyathayulla doctormaarudeyum, aarogyapravarthakarudeyum, aushadha marunnukaludeyum sevanangal prayojanappedutthaam.
telegraph telephone.
1892ll amaan ull-mulkkinte jeevithakaalathu chithraalinum ayal gilgithinte aasthaanathinum idayil oru telegraphy line sthaapikkaanulla saadhyatha charcha cheyyappettu. chithral paryaveshanathetthudarnnu lovaric mukalil oru pareekshanathmaka telegraph line sthaapichu. 1903ll shuja ull-mulkkinte bharanakaalathu chitraalum gilgithum telegraph vazhi bandhippikkappettu. adutha varsham allengil athil kooduthal ellah aasthaanangaleyum bandhippikkunna telegraph telephone samsthaanathinte shwaasathiludaneelam sthaapichu. angane telephone samsthaanathinte karyangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil sarkkar samvidaanathinte avibhaajya gadakamaayi maari. suja thante athiraavile telephonil chelavazhichathaayum samsthaanathe vidoora bharana yoonittukalil ninnulla sandeshangal svayam sookshikkunnathinaayi rile cheiyunnathaayum parayappedunnu. yanthrangal pravarthippikkunnathinum nannakkunnathinum indiayil ninnu saankethika vidagthare vilippichu.
tapal sevanam.
1892 nuu sesham britishukaar chithraalinullile ashayavinimayam mechappeduthaan thudangukayum 1895 ll oru saadhaarana tapal sevanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. athinusesham, samsthaana kathidapaadukal oru dainamdina dinacharyayaayi maari.
levi kambani.
nooriladhikam aalukal mathramulla levi kambani ennariyappedunna oru cheria sena shuja ull-mulk samghadippichu, samsthaana tapal sevanathe samrakshikkuka ennathaayirunnu senayude eaka utharavaaditham. cheruthenkilum seena nadatthiya dauthyam samsthaanathinu vilamathikkaanaavaathathaayinu.
kramarahithamaya.
afgaanisthaanumaayulla athirthi samrakshikkuka enna dauthyam rund saadhaarana samsthaana senakalkku polum valare kadinamaanennu avarkk ariyamaayirunnu.iii. chithraalinte thekkan vanaa athirthiyil patrollingin kaaval nilppinum chithraalinte skauttukalum chithraalinte samsthaana amgarakshakaraaya shuja ull-mulkum urthsoon, ashurait, gopuram, langarbat, arnavaay ennividangalile graamavaasikale raifilukalum vedikkoppukalum upayogichu aayudhamaakki. mattu rund samsthaana senakalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi ashurait-domelnissar kambani ennariyappedunna eee kramarahithamaya senaykk praadeshika pariseelanam labhichu, ennirunnaalum pradeshathekkurichulla avarude prathyeka arivu kaaranam nuzhanjukayattakkare neridaan ettavum mikacha reethiyil sajjamaayirunnu.
intelligence sarvees.
shuja ull-mulkkinte bharanakalam vare kuttavaalikale purathaakkaanulla eaka maarggam koottaaya utharavaaditham enna ashayamaayirunnu. kaaratt, stikku nayathanthram vinyasichu, athil oru attathu pouranmaarkku prothsaahanangal nalkukayum maruvashathu kuttavaalikalude aidantitti velippeduthaan uparodham earppeduthukayum cheythu. eee ashayam shoojayude kaalath nilaninnengilum oru rahasya rahasyaanveshana sevanavumaayi ithu kootticherkkappettu. mikkavarum ellah gramangalilum sevanathinu athinte vivaradaathaakkal undaayirunnu, avar thalasthaanathu report cheyyum. eee nadapadi kuttakrithyangalude nirakk kooduthal kurachathaayi vishwasikkappedunnu.
pathiv.
mehtar enna nilayil shuja ull-mulkkinte saadhaarana divasam aarambhikkunnath udikkunna sooryanodum prabhatha praarthanakalodum koodeyaanu. prabhaathabhakshanam udan thanne varum, parambaraagathamaayi thiranjeduttha kurachu prabhukkanmaare eee prathyeka sammelanathilekku shanikkum. prabhaathabhakshanathinushesham addeham samsthaanakaaryangalil shradha cheluthumaayirunnu.
supradhana meyil neratthe thanne mehtarinte shradhayil pedum. oru karadu thayyarakkan addehathinte sekrattari njettitharichukondu marupadi nalkaan shooja nirddeshikkum. pittennu raavile karadu addehathe kaanikkukayum athu amgeekarikkukayo punarnaamakaranam cheiyukayo punarroopakalppana cheiyukayo cheyyaam, athinusesham maathrame suja thante oppu ottikkukayulloo. ennirunnaalum, chila kathukal valare vyathyasthamayi kaikaaryam cheyyappettu, marupadi thayyaaraakkunnathin munbu pramukharudeyum gothrathalavanmaarudeyum abhiprayam arian kathukal thuranna kodathiyil urakke vaayikkappettu.
divasathile prabhathasamayangalil, vyakthigatha harjikkaarkkaayi samayam neekkivachirunnu. lingabhedamo padaviyo pariganikkathe ellah vibhaagathilumulla pouranmaarkku avarude bharanadhikaariyumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthaan anuvaadamundaayirunnu. raavile thangalude cases vadikkaan kazhiyaathavarkk uchakazhinju angane cheyyaam. addehathinte aparamaaya aadhipathyam undaayirunnittum, shooja shradheyamaayi prapyamaayirunnu.
praadeshika sambhavavikaasangalekkurich svayam arian samsthaanathinte vividha bhaagangalil ninnu sandeshangal rile cheyyukayum sweekarikkukayum cheiyunna shooja ull-mulk thante athiraavile vaikunnerangalude oru nalla bhagam telephonil chelavazhikkukayum athinusesham addeham mahraakayil pankedukkukayum cheyyum.
thalamurakalude pazhaya paarambaryatthinu anusrithamaayi, shuja ull-mulk thante uchabhakshanam mahraka ennu vilikkunna prabhukkanmaarum muthirnnavarum pankedukkunna oru sammelanathil kazhikkum. mehtar adhyakshatha vahikkunna eee sabhayilekku aareyum shanikkappedunnathu valare abhiniveshamullathaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. bhakshanathe thudarnnu gurutharamaaya samsthaana vishayangalil neenda charchakal nadakkunna oru alankaara paripaadiyaayirunnu maharka.
hobikalum thaalpparyangalum.
hindu kushile janangalude savisheshathayaaya kaayikarangathodulla sneham mehtar pankittu. shooting, falcony, pooloo, chess, sitharinoppam paadunnathu kelkkal ennivayellaam addehathinte vishramathinte paridhiyil vannu. falconnery addehathinte priyappetta kaayika vinodamaayirunnu, thante faalkkanarmaarude samaanathakalillaatha vaidagdhyathil addeham valare abhimaanikkunnu.
samsthaanangalude vivaham.
thanthraparavum raashtreeyavumaaya aavasyangalkkaayi antharsamsthaana, rajakeeya-vivahangal enna ashayathodu shuja ull-mulk sahanubhooti pulartthiyirunnu. addehathinte sahodari swaathile vaaliyude muthachanaaya miankul abdul khaalikkine vivaham kazhichu. bharthaavinte maranashesham niravadhi varshakkalam avar swaattinte yadhaartha bharanadhikaariyaayi pravarthichu. addehathinte sahodarimaaril oraal deerinte nawabine vivaham kazhichu. khaadiriya sanbradaayathinte rakshaadhikaariyaaya abdul khaadir gilaniyude nerittulla pingamiyaaya nakhibsaada peer sayyid jamal udh-dhiin alle-gilani addehathinte makal vivaham kazhichu. addehathinte kochumakal nawab muhammadineyaanu vivaham kazhichathennu ambinte nawab khaan paranju.
tharkkam.
niravadhi noottaandukalaayi, sunnikaludeyum shiah ismaayilikaludeyum kalaashukaludeyum vaividhyamaarnna samooham oru prathyaksha sathruthayumillaathe aikyathode jeevichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, shooja ull-mulkum addehathinte ismaili prajakalum thammil pirimurukkam udaleduthu. 1910-ll, shuja samsthaanavyaapakamaayi ushur nikuthi chumatthi, ithu ismaili samooham ettavum shakthamayi ethirthu. 1917ll, nikutiye cherukkaan samooham oru prasthaanam aarambhichu, athu bharanakooda kroorathayode mastujil apalapikkappedaathe adichamarthappettu. prasthaanatthinte munnirayilulla mathanethaakkalaaya bulbul shaaye naadukadatthukayum afgaanisthaanilekku kudiyeraan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu.
ithellaam moolam, thangal peedippikkappedukayum samsthaana adhikaarikale ulppeduthaathe samoohathinullile tharkkangal pariharikkan chaayvullavaraayi svayam kanakkaakkukayum cheytha ismaayil samudaayathil avishwaasam valarnnuvarikayaayirunnu, ithu mehtarine prakopippichu. ithu gilgithinum badakshan vendi ismaili nethaakkal thanne chaarappani cheiyunnuvennu samshayicha shoojayude paraspara samshayathinu kaaranamaayi. 1923ll, indiayil ninnulla subs alii enna ismaili missionary chithraalilekku yaatra cheyyukayum samudaayathinte swantham aabhimukhyathil tharkkangal pariharikkanamenn samoohathinu nirddesham nalkukayum cheythappol samshayangal kooduthal vardhichu. ithu kalaapathinte sakunamaayi kanakkakkiya shuja ismaayilikale nirbandhithamaayi sunnikalaayi parivartthanam cheyyaanulla utharavukal nalki, angane ithu kooduthal vyapakamaaya aswasthathayilekku nayichu. mehtar sthithigathikal poornnamaayum thettayi vilayiruthukayum cheli niranja paathayiloode nadakkukayum cheythu. oduvil britiish adhikaarikal edapedukayum peedanam nirthaan shooja prerippikkukayum cheythu. mejar hopkinsante keezhil oru anweshanam nadathukayum athu vishadamaaya report samarppikkukayum cheythu. rashtreeya ejant malakand ejansiyude shramangaliloode shuja ismaili samudaayathile nethaakkalum thammil anurajanam konduvannu. 1926ll britteeshukaarude nirddeshaprakaaram shuja ellah ismaayilikalkkum pothumaapp prakhyapikkukayum vishayam avasanippikkukayum cheythu.
1923-1924 leeii makkayilekkulla theerthaadanathetthudarnnu shooja kooduthal mathavishwaasiyaayitheernnu ennathu sariyaanu. akkaalat kalash, sikh, hindukkal thudangiya mattu mathavibhaagangalum chithraalil thaamasichirunnuvenna vairudhyam kanakkileduthu ismaayilikale peedippikkunathinulla addehathinte uddeshyangal mathaparamaya prachodanamaanennu sangalppikkaan prayaasamaan. vyaapaarathilum vaanijyathilum thangalude kuthaka nilanirthaan sikhukaarkkum hindukkalkkum anuvaadamundaayirunnu. avarkkethire sarkkar peedana sambhavangal report cheythitilla. 1937ll bertrand gurden addehathe vivarichukondu ezhuthi, "shuja ull-mulk oru bhakthanaya sunniyaayirunnu, 1924ll makkayilekku theerthaadanam nadatthi, pakshe vargeeyathaykkum mathabhranthinum addehathinte kathaapaathrathil sthaanamillaayirunnu."
maranam.
1936 october 13nuu shuja ull-mulk antharichu. chithraalile rajakeeya kottayodu chernnulla addehathinte poorvvika shmashaanathil addehathe samskarichu. addehathinte pingamiyaayi addehathinte mootha makan nasser ull-mulk mehtarai.