
vivarasvayam nirnnayikkal

1983 leeii sensus samayat shekharicha vyakthigatha vivarangalumayi bandhapetta oru jarmman bharanaghadanaa vidhiyude pashchaathalatthilaanu vivara svayam nirnnayamenna padam aadyamaayi upayogichathu. infirmashelle selbstbestimung ennaanu jarmman padam. svayam nirnnayamenna aashayathinte adisthaanathil, thante swakaarya jeevithathekkurichulla vivarangal eppol, eathu paridhikkullil mattullavarumayi ashayavinimayam nadatthanam ennu svayam theerumaanikkaanulla vyakthiyude adikaaram" ennaanu ithine aupachaarikamaayi nirvachichirikkunnathu."abhipraaya swaathanthryam, svakaaryathayude samrakshanam, sajeevamaaya swakaarya jeevithathinulla avakasham, vidyaabhyaasathinulla avakasham, vyakthigatha daattayude samrakshanam, pothumekhalaa vivarathinulla avakasham ennivayellaam vivara svayam nirnnayathinte kudakkeezhilaanu.
aaa avasarathil, jarmman federal bharanaghadanaa kodathi vidhichu "[...] aadhunika dattaa prosessinghinte pashchaathalatthil, vyakthiyude vyakthigatha daattayude paridhiyillaattha shekharanam, sambharanam, upayogam, velippeduthal ennivayil ninnulla samrakshanam jarmman bharanaghadanayude pothu vyakthiparamaaya avakashangalaal ulkkollunnu. eee adisthaana avakasham eee kaaryatthil vyakthiyude vyakthiparamaaya daattayude velippeduthalum upayogavum thathwathil nirnnayikkanulla kazhivu urappunalkunnu. pothuthaalpparyathe marikadakkunna saahacharyathil maathrame eee vivara svayam nirnnayathinulla parimithikal anuvadikkoo."
vivaraswaadheenathe palappozhum svakaaryathaykkulla avakaashathinu samaanamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnundu yunaittad stetts paarambaryatthile "svakaaryathaykkulla avakaashathil" ninnu verthirikkunna savisheshamaaya savisheshathakalundu. vivaraswaadheena nirnayam vesttinte svakaaryathayekkurichulla vivaranathe prathifalippikkunnu "thannekkurichulla eathu vivaramaan mattullavarumayi ashayavinimayam nadathendathennum eathu saahacharyathilaanu athu nalkendathennum theerumaanikkaanulla vyakthiyude avakasham" (vesttin, 1970). ithinu vipareethamaayi, yunaittad stetsile niyama paarambaryatthile "svakaaryathaykkulla avakasham" saadhaaranayaayi "eakaanthatha" yilekkulla avakaashathil shradha kendreekarikkunna vaaran aandu brandis lekhanathil ninnaan uthbhavichathenn kanakkaakkappedunnu ("i.iii."," ottaykku viduka ") koodaathe vyakthikaleyum avarude vasthuvakakaleyum vaarantillaatha thirachilil ninnu samrakshikkunna bharanaghadanayude naalam bhedagathiyil.
germmaniyilum check republicilum ninnulla kazhchakal.
jarmman federal bharanaghadanaa kodathi janasamkhyaa sensus theerumaanam federal dattaa samrakshana niyamangalude mechappeduthalil oru adithara ulkkollunnu, koodaathe "dattaa samrakshanathekkurichulla jarmman kaazhchappaadinte thacol" ennu polum soochippikkunnu. eee theerumaanatthil, kodathi oru puthiya bharanaghadanaa avakaashamaayi vivaravakaasha svayam nirnnayathinulla avakasham kandupidichu, ithu marakkanulla avakaashathinte bharanaghadanaaparamaaya adisthaanamaayi kaananakum. marakkanulla avakaashathe vivaraswaadheenathinulla avakaashathinte oru gadakamaayi kaanam. oru audyogika authority ulppedumbol eee padavi ekopitha phalangal nalkunnathinaal, swakaarya kakshikalekkurichulla vyathyastha anweshanangalum vividha svakaaryarude kaikalilulla daatta illaathaakkaanulla avarude avakaashavaadangalum utharam labhikkathe thudarunnu. koodaathe, marakkanulla avakaashathinu vyakthamaaya nirvachanamilla, kaaranam internettile enthengilum marakkunnath eathaandu asaadyamaanu. udaaharanathinu, puthiya karadu dattaa protection regulation cheiyunnathupole niyamanirmmathaavo haikkodathikalo marakkanulla avakaashathinte padam upayogikkunnilla. atharamoru padavi jarmman niyamathil kandethanakumo enna vishayathodulla prathikaranatthinu krithyamaaya utharam nalkunnathu ithu budhimuttaakkunnu.
vivarangalude yugathil, check republic polulla rajyangal iii-gavanment enna internettu vazhi axus cheyyaan kazhiyunna oru pothubharana reethi avalambikkunnu. niyanthrana nadapadikramangale sahayikkuka, bharanangalude swabhaavam vardhippikkuka, ooppan division uthppaadanakshamathayil vardhanavu varuthuka ennivayaanu iii-gavanmentinte uddeshyam. koodaathe, vipulamaaya thuranna bharananirvvahanangal thuranna samghadanakalumaayulla sahakaranm vegathilum falapradamaayum kooduthal prayojanakaravum nerayathum chelavu kuranjathumaakki samghadanakaludeyum thaamasakkarudeyum aadhikaarika bharam kuraykkunnu. athupole, gavanmentukalude aadhunikavalkkarana reethikalude oru samyojitha bhaagamaayi noothana munnettangal upayogikkunnathu mothatthil samoohathinu kooduthal saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya nettangal thurakkum.
svakaaryatha ariyippukal.
svakaaryatha ariyippukal ennathu swantham swakaarya daatta kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinekkurichum daatta vishayangal enna nilayilulla avarude avakaashangalekkurichum daatta parirakshanatthino svakaaryatha niyamangalkko aavashyamaaya mattethenkilum vivarangal nalkunnathinekkurichum aalukale bodhavalkkarikkunna upakaranangalaan. janakeeya vishwaasathinu virudhamaayi, europian union dattaa parirakshana niyamangal samghadanakal avarude websaittukalil oru swakaaryathaa ariyipp pradarshippikkendathilla. atharam ariyippukal dattaa samrakshanathinteyum svakaaryatha niyamangaludeyum yukthisahamaya upolppannangalaanennu thonnunnundengilum, aalukalkk avarude vyakthigatha daatta prosess cheiyunnathinekkurichu vendathra arivu nalkendathundu, eee ariyippukal niyamaparamaayi aavasyamilla.
american kaazhchappaad.
american aikyanaadukalil, vivaraswaadheenathinulla avakaashathekkaal abhipraaya swaathanthryathinum maadhyamaswaathanthryathinum pathivayi kooduthal praadhaanyam nalkunnundu.