
artificial intelligence

manushyarudeyum mrugangaludeyum budhiykku vipareethamaayi yanthrangaludeyum softweyarukaludeyum budhiyaanu artificial intelligence (iai). iai aaplikkeshanukalil noothana web serch enchinukal ulppedunnu (udha.jii.google serch, shupaarsha samvidaanangal (youtube, aamason, netflix enniva upayogikkunnu), manushya samsaram (siri, alexa polullava), svayam oodikkunna kaarukal (udha.jii., vaimo), generative allengil creative toolukal (chaatt jipidi, iai art), koodaathe straattajik geyimukalil (chess aandu goo polullava) uyarnna thalatthil malsarikkunnu.
1956ll oru academic vibhaagamaayi artificial intelligence sthaapithamaayi, athinusheshamulla varshangalil athu niravadhi shubhaapthivishwaasa tharamgangal anubhavichu, thudarnnu nirashayum dhananashtavum ("aii vintar" ennariyappedunnu), thudarnnu puthiya sameepanagal, vijayam, puthukkiya dhanasahayam enniva undaayi. thalachorine anukarikkuka, manushyante prashnaparihaarathe maathrkayaakkuka, aupachaarika yukthi, arivinte valia daattabesukal, mrugangalude perumaattam anukarikkuka ennivayulppede niravadhi vyathyastha sameepanagal gaveshanangal pareekshikkukayum upekshikkukayum cheythittundu. 21-aamm noottaandinte aadya dashakangalil, uyarnna ganithashaasthra, stattistikkal mesheen laining eee mekhalayil aadhipathyam pulartthukayum eee saankethikavidya valare vijayakaramaanennu theliyikkukayum vyavasaayathilum academica mekhalayilum udaneelam niravadhi velluvili niranja prasnangal pariharikkan sahayikkukayum cheythu.
iai gaveshanathinte vividha upamekhalakal prathyeka lakshyangaleyum prathyeka upakaranangalude upayogatheyum kendreekarichullathaanu. yukthi, vijnjaana praathinidhyam, aasoothranam, patanam, swaabhaavika bhasha samskaranam, dhaarana, vasthukkal neekkaanum kaikaaryam cheyyaanumulla kazhivu enniva iai gaveshanathinte parambaraagatha lakshyangalil ulppedunnu. pothuvaaya budhishakthi (ekapaksheeyamaaya oru prashnam pariharikkanulla kazhivu) eee mekhalayude deerghakaala lakshyangalil onnaanu. eee prasnangal pariharikkunnathin, gaveshakar thirayal, ganitha opttimaiseshan, aupachaarika yukthi, krithrima neural netvarkkukal, sthithivivarakkanakkukal, probability, saambathikashaasthram ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla reethikal ennivayulppede vaividhyamaarnna prashnaparihara saankethikavidyakal sweekarikkukayum samyojippikkukayum cheythittundu. computer sayans, saikkolaji, lingvistiks, philosophy thudangi niravadhi mekhalakalilum eiii. aii. shradha kendreekarikkunnu.
manushyante budhiye "anukarikkaan oru yanthram nirmmikkaan kazhiyunnathra krithyamaayi vivarikkan kazhiyum" enna anumaanathilaanu eee feeld sthaapikkappettathu. ithu manassinekkurichum manushyaneppolulla budhiyulla krithrima jeevikale srishtikkunnathinte dhaarmika prathyaaghaathangalekkurim daarshanika vaadangal uyarthi; eee prasnangal purathana kaalam muthal puranangal, fiction (sayans fiction), thathwachintha enniva munbu paryavekshanam cheythittundu. manushyarashikku prayojanakaramaaya lakshyangalilekk yukthisahamaya kazhivukal nayikkunnillenkil iai manushyaraashiyude asthithvathinu apakadakaramaakumennu computer shaasthranjarum thathwachinthakarum abhipraayappettittund. saambathika vidagdhar eiii. aii. yill ninnulla aavarthanangalude apakadasadhyathakal pathivayi eduthukaanikkukayum poornna thozhilavasarangalkk mathiyaya saamoohika nayam illengil thozhilillaaymayekkurich oohaapohangal nadathukayum cheythittundu. aiyude yadhaartha saankethika kazhivukale amithamaayi uyarthikkattiyathinum artificial intelligence enna padam vimarshikkappettittundu.
charithram.
budhiyulla krithrima jeevikal purathana kaalath kathaparayaanulla upakaranangalayi prathyakshappettu, merii shelliyude "fraankanstain" allengil karel chaapekkinte "aarr" pole fictionil saadhaaranamaanu.yuu.aarr."eee kathaapaathrangalum avarude bhagyavum artificial intalijansinte daarmikathayil ippol charcha cheyyappedunna athe prasnangal palathum uyarthi.
mechanical allengil "aupachaarika" yukthiyekkurichulla patanam purathana kaalath thathwachinthakaril ninnum ganithashaasthranjaril ninnum aarambhichu. ganithashaasthra yukthiyekkurichulla patanam alan turinginte kanakkukoottal sidhaanthathilekku nerittu nayichu, ithu oru yanthrathin, "0", "1" thudangiya lalithamaaya chinnangal maattunnathiloode, sangalppikkaavunna eathu ganitha deduction pravrithiyum anukarikkaan kazhiyumennu nirddeshichu. digital computerukalkku aupachaarikamaaya yukthiyude eathu prakriya anukarikkaan kazhiyumenna eee ulkkaazhchaye charchu-turing theesis ennu vilikkunnu. neurobiology, information thiyari, cybernetics ennivayile oresamayathe kandethalukalkoppam ithu oru electronic masthishkam nirmmikkanulla saadhyatha pariganikkaan gaveshakare prerippichu. ippol pothuve aii ennu amgeekarikkappetta aadyathe kruthi turing-poornnamaaya "krithrima neuronukal"kkayulla 1943 leeii aupachaarika roopakalppanayaaya mcculloochu aandu pitts aayirunnu.
1956ll dartmouth kolejile oru varkshoppilaanu iai gaveshana mekhala janichathu. pankedutthavar iai gaveshanathinte sthaapakarum nethaakkalum aayi. avarkkum avarude vidyaarthikalkkum "athbhuthakaramaaya" ennu maadyamangal visheshippicha prograamukal nirmmichu computerukal checker thanthrangal padikkukayum beejaganithathil padha prasnangal pariharikkukayum yukthisahamaya sidhaanthangal theliyikkukayum engleesh samsaarikkukayum cheiyukayaayirunnu. 
1960kalude madhyathode yuu. esile gaveshanam.ezz. prathirodha vakupp vanthothil dhanasahayam nalkukayum lokamembaadum laborattarikal sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
1960kalilum 1970kalilum gaveshakarkk thangalude reethikal oduvil artificial general intelligence ulla oru yanthram srishtikkunnathil vijayikkumennu bodhyappedukayum ithu avarude mekhalayude lakshyamaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. herbert saiman pravachichathu, "irupathu varshathinullil oru manushyan cheyyaan kazhiyunna eathu joliyum cheyyaan yanthrangalkk kazhiyum" ennaanu. marvin minsky sammathichu, ezhuthi, "oru thalamuraykkullil... artificial intelligence' srishtikkunna prashnam ganyamaayi pariharikkappedum.
bakkiyulla chila jolikalude budhimuttu thirichariyaan avar parajayappettu. purogathi mandagathiyilaayi, 1974-ll, sarr jaims laitthil vimarsichathinum kooduthal uthppaadanakshamamaaya padhathikalkku dhanasahayam nalkunnathinaayi us kongrasil ninnulla nirantharamaaya sammarddathinum marupadiyaayi, yuu. ezz.ezz. britiish sarkkarukal ayile paryavekshana gaveshanam nirtthi. krithrima neural nettvarkkukalekkurichu aadyakaala gaveshanathe minskyudeyum papertinteyum "perseptronukal" enna pusthakam apakeerthippeduthi, ithu eee saankethikavidya orikkalum pravartthikkillennu theliyikkunnuvennu kanakkakkappettu. adutha kurachu varshangalkk sesham "aii shaithyakaalam" ennu vilikkappedum, iai padhathikalkku dhanasahayam labhikkunnath budhimuttaayirunnu.
1980 kalude thudakkathil, manushya vidagtharude arivum vishakalana vaidagdhyavum anukarikkunna iai prograaminte oru roopamaaya vidagdha samvidaanangalude vaanijyaparamaaya vijayathal iai gaveshanam punarujjeevippikkappedu. 1985 aayappozhekkum aiyude vipani oru bilyan dollariladhikam ethi. athe samayam, jappaanile anchaam thalamura computer padhathi yuu. esine prachodippichu.ezz. academic gaveshanathinulla dhanasahayam punasthaapikkaan britiish sarkkaarukalum. ennirunnaalum, 1987-ll lisp mesheen maarkkattinte thakarchayil ninnu aarambhich, iai veendum apakeerthippeduthukayum randaamathethu, deerghakaalam nilanilkkunna shaithyakaalam aarambikkukayum cheythu.
nilavile reethikalkku manushyante vijnjaanathinte ellah prakriyakalum, prathyekichu perseption, robotics, laining, paatten recognission enniva anukarikkaan kazhiyumennu pala gaveshakarum samshayikkaan thudangi. niravadhi gaveshakar nirddishta iai prasnangalkkulla "upa-pratheekathmaka" sameepanagal parisodhikkaan thudangi. rodney aruvikal polulla robotics gaveshakar pratheekathmakamaaya iai nirasikkukayum robottukale chalikkanum athijeevikkaanum avarude paristhithi padikkaanum anuvadikkunna adisthaana enchiniyaring prasnangalil shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheythu. nyayamaaya oohangal nadatthaanum ("sophtt computing" ennariyappedunnu) anischithamaaya vivarangal kaikaaryam cheyyaanum kazhiyunna upakaranangal kandupidichu. neural nettvarkkukalodulla thaalpparyavum "kanakshanisavum" 1980kalude madhyathil jiophree hinton, david rumelhart, mattullavar ennivar punarujjeevippichu. 90kalil yaan lekun vijayakaramaayi convalutional neural netvarkkukalkku kaiyyaksara akkangal thirichariyaan kazhiyumennu kaanichathode connectionism vijayikkaan thudangi.
aupachaarika ganithashaasthra reethikal prayojanappeduthunnathile nirddishta prashnangalkk nirddishta pariharangal kandethunnathiloodeyum 1990 kalude avasaanathilum 21-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathilum iai kramena athinte prashasthi punasthaapichu. eee "idungiya", "aupachaarika" shradha parishodhikkaavunna phalangal nalkaanum mattu mekhalakalumaayi (sthithivivarakkanakku, saambathikashaasthram, ganitham polullava) sahakarikkanum gaveshakarkk avasaram nalki. 
1990kalil apoorvvamaayi "artificial intelligence" ennu visheshippikkappettirum 2000 aayappozhekkum iai gaveshakar vikasippichedutha pariharangal vyaapakamaayi upayogikkappettu.
vaividyamaarnnathum poornnamaayum budhiparavumaaya yanthrangal srishtikkuka enna yadhaartha lakshyam inii muthal pinthudarunnillennu niravadhi pramukha academic gaveshakar aashankappettu. eee aashanka 2010-kalode niravadhi dhanasahayamulla sthaapanangalulla artificial general intelligence (allengil "aiji") upamekhala sthaapikkunnathilekku nayichu.
2012ll aazhathilulla patana reethikal krithyatha maanadandangalil aadhipathyam sthaapikkaan thudangi. aazhathilulla padanatthinte vijayam hardware mechappeduthalukale (vegathayeriya computerukal, graphics prosessing unitukal, claude computing) aasrayichirikkunnu. 
koodaathe valia alavilulla daattayilekkulla praveshanavum (imaajnettu polulla curated daattaasettukal ulppede). ithu taamasiyaathe vaividhyamaarnna jolikalil valare vijayakaramaanennu theliyikkukayum feeldiludaneelam sweekarikkappedukayum cheythu. pala prathyeka jolikalkkum mattu reethikal upekshikkappettu. 
aazhathilulla padanatthinte vijayam sambadvyavasthayiludaneelam thaalpparyathinteyum nikshepathinteyum oru spodanam aarambhichu.
googilil iai upayogikkunna software projaktukalude ennam 2012-leeii "edaykkideyulla upayogathil" ninnu 2015-ll 2,700-ladhikam projaktukalaayi vardhichu. 
2017leeii oru sarveyil, anchil onnu kambanikalum "chila ofarukalilo prakriyakalilo iai ulppeduthiyittunde" report cheythu. 
aii. aii. yile gaveshanathinte alavu (motham prasidheekaranangal alakkunnathu) kazhinja varshangalil 50 sathamaanam vardhichu. 
staanfordile iai infects anusarichu, 2022 oode ekadesham 50 bilyan dollar prathivarsham amerikkayil artificial intalijansil nikshepikkunnu, koodaathe puthiya us computer sayans phd birudadhaarikalil 20 sathamaanavum artificial intalijansil vaidagdhyamullavaraanu.
2022ll ekadesham 800,000 ayumaayi bandhapetta us thozhilavasarangal nilavilundaayirunnu.
2016ll, neethibodhavum saankethikavidyayude durupayogavum sambandhicha prasnangal iai konfaransukalil kendra ghattathilekku konduvannu, prasidheekaranangal valareyadhikam vardhichu, dhanasahayam labhyamaayi, niravadhi gaveshakar eee vishayangalil avarude kariyaril veendum shradha kendreekarichu. alainment prashnam academic padanatthinte gurutharamaaya mekhalayaayi maari.
lakshyangal.
budhishakthiye anukarikkuka (allengil srishtikkuka) enna pothuvaaya prashnam upa-prasnangalaayi vibhajikkappettittund. oru budhiparamaaya samvidaanam pradarshippikkumennu gaveshakar prathekshikkunna prathyeka swabhaavasavisheshathakalo kazhivukalo ivayil adangiyirikkunnu. thaazhe vivarichirikkunna swabhaavasavisheshathakalaanu ettavum kooduthal shradha nediyathu.
yukthisahamaya, prashnapariharam.
aadyakaala gaveshakar pasilukal pariharikkumbozho yukthisahamaya kizhivukal varuthumbozho manushyar upayogikkunna ghattam ghattamaayulla nyaayavaadam anukarikkunna algorithangal vikasippichu. 1980kaludeyum 1990kaludeyaumm avasaanathode, eiii. aii. aii gaveshanam anishchithathvamo apoornnamo aaya vivarangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla reethikal vikasippicheduthu, probabilityil ninnum saambathikashaasthrathil ninnumulla ashayangal upayogichu.
eee algorithangalil palathum valia yukthisahamaya prasnangal pariharikkunnathin aparyaapthamaanennu thelinju, kaaranam avarkk oru "kompinettoriyal spodanam" anubhavapettu prasnangal valuthaakunnathinanusarichu avaa ganyamaayi mandagathiyilaayi. 
aadyakaala iai gaveshanathinu maathrkayaakkaan kazhiyunna ghattam ghattamaayulla kizhivu manushyar polum apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkunnulloo. vegathilullathum avabodhajanyavumaaya vidhikal upayogichu avar avarude mikka prashnangalum pariharikkunnu.
vijnjaana praathinidhyam.
vijnjaana praathinidyavum vijnjaana enchiniyaring eiii. aii prograamukale chodyangalkku budhiparamaayi utharam nalkaanum yadhaartha loka vasthuthakalekkurichu kizhivukal nalkaanum anuvadikkunnu.
enthaanu nilanilkkunnath" ennathinte praathinidhyam oru oontolajiyaanu software ejantumaarkku avaa vyaakhyaanikkaan kazhiyunna tharatthil aupachaarikamaayi vivarichirikkunna vasthukkal, bandhangal, ashayangal, gunangal ennivayude koottam. ettavum pothuvaaya oontoolajikale upper oontoolajikal ennu vilikkunnu, avaa matellaa arivukalkkum oru adithara nalkaanum oru prathyeka vijnjaana domaininekkurichulla (thaalpparya mekhala allengil aashanka mekhala) prathyeka arivu ulkkollunna domaine oontolajikalkkidayil madhyastharaayi pravartthikkaanum shramikkunnu.
ganithashaasthrathinteyum thathwachinthayudeyum pravartthanatthe adisthaanamaakkiyulla gaveshanam, vasthukkal, gunangal, vibhagangal, vasthukkal thammilulla bandhangal; saahacharyangal, sambhavangal, avasthakal, samayam; kaaranangalum phalangalum; arivinekkurichulla arivu (mattullavarkk ariyaavunna kaaryangalekkurichu namukkariyaavunnath); sthiramaaya nyaayavaadam (manushyar anumaanikkunna karyangal vyathyasthamayi parayunnathuvare sathyamaanenn karuthukayum mattu vasthuthakal maarumbozhum athu sathyamaayi thudarukayum cheyyum); polulla nirddishta domainukale prathinidheekarikkunnathinu upakaranangal vikasippicheduthittundu. aiyile ettavum budhimuttulla prasnangalil onnu pothuvaaya arivinte vyaapthi (sharashari vyakthikk ariyaavunna aattomik vasthuthakalude koottam) valare valuthaanu; mikka pothubodha arivinteyum upa-pratheekathmaka roopam (aalukalkk ariyaavunna kaaryangalil bhooribhaagavum avarkk vaakkalulla reethiyil prakadippikkaan kazhiyunna "vasthuthakalo" prasthaavanakalo aayi prathinideekarikkunnilla).
aupachaarika vijnjaana praathinidyangal ulladakkathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla soochikayum veendedukkalum, ranga vyaakhyaanam, klinikkal theerumaana pinthuna, vijnjaana kandethal (valia daattabesukalil ninnulla "rasakaravum" pravarthanakshamavumaaya nigamanangal), mattu mekhalakal ennivayil upayogikkunnu.
padikkunnu.
anubhavathiloode yaanthrikamaayi mechappedunna computer algorithangalekkurichulla padanamaanu eee mekhalayude thudakkam muthal iai gaveshanathinte adisthaana aashayamaaya mesheen laining (eml).
melnottamillaatha patanam daattayude oru stream vishakalanam cheyyukayum paattenukal kandethukayum mattu maarganirddeshangalillaathe pravachanangal nadathukayum cheiyunnu.
melnottatthilulla padanatthinu oru manushyan aadyam inputt daatta label cheyyendathundu, ithu rund pradhana tharangalil varunnu vargeekaranavum regression. vargeekaranam eathu vibhaagathil pedunnuvennu nirnnayikkaan upayogikkunnu-prograam niravadhi vibhagangalil ninnulla kaaryangalude niravadhi udaaharanagal kaanukayum puthiya inputtukale tharamthirikkaan padikkukayum cheyyum. inputtukalum aouttputtukalum thammilulla bandham vivarikkukayum inputtukal maarunnathinanusarichu aouttputtukal engane maarumennu pravachikkukayum cheiyunna oru samkhyaa function nirmmikkanulla sramamaanu regression. classifierukaleyum regression padithaakkaleyum oru anjjaathamaaya (orupakshe avyakthamaaya) function padikkaan sramikkunna "function ekadesha kanakkukoottalukaarayi" kaanaan kazhiyum; udaaharanathinu, oru spam classifierine oru imeyilinte vaachakathil ninnu "spam" allengil "spam allah" enna rund vibhagangalil onnilekku mapp cheiyunna oru function padikkunnathaayi kaanaan kazhiyum.
shakthippeduthal padanatthil ejantinu nalla prathikaranangalkk prathiphalam nalkukayum mosham prathikaranangalkk shikshikkukayum cheiyunnu. ejantu athinte prathikaranangale tharamthirikkukayum athinte prashna sthalathu pravarthikkunnathinulla oru thanthram roopappeduthukayum cheiyunnu.
oru prashnatthil ninnu nediya arivu oru puthiya prashnathilekku prayogikkumbozhaanu transfer laining.
computational laining sidhaanthathinu computational sankeernnatha, sample sankeernnatha (ethra daatta aavasyamaanu) allengil opttimaiseshanekkurichu mattu ashayangal ennivayiloode padithaakkale vilayiruthaan kazhiyum.
swaabhaavika bhasha samskaranam.
naachural langwej prosessing (enlp)
manushya bhasha vaayikkanum manassilakkaanum yanthrangale anuvadikkunnu. mathiyaya sakthamaaya oru swaabhaavika bhasha samskarana samvidaanam swaabhaavika bhasha upayokthru interfaceukaleyum nyoos vayar texttukal polulla manushya likhitha srothassukalil ninnu nerittu arivu nedunnathinum praapthamakkum. samsaram thirichariyal, samsaarasamyojanam, yanthra vivarthanam, vivarangal verthirichedukkal, vivarangal veendedukkal, chodyathinulla utharam enniva enlpyude chila neraaya prayogangalil ulppedunnu.
1960kall muthal, vaakyangalude aazhathilulla ghadanaye yukthiyilekku vivarthanam cheyyaan pratheekathmakamaaya aii aupachaarika vaakyaghadana upayogichu. yukthiyude aprapyathayum saamaanyabodhathinte vyapthiyum kaaranam upayogapradamaaya prayogangal srishtikkunnathil ithu parajayappettu.
aadhunika saankethikavidyakalil vaid embedding (oru vaakk ethra thavana mattonnin sameepam prathyakshappedunnu), "keywade spotting" (vivarangal veendedukkaan oru prathyeka padatthinaayi thirayal), transformer adisthaanamaakkiyulla aazhathilulla patanam (vaachakathil paattenukal kandethunnu) ennivayum mattullavayum ulppedunnu. 2019-ll, generative pree-trained transformer (allengil "jipidi") bhasha modalukal yojicha vaachakam srishtikkaan thudangi, 2023 aayappozhekkum eee modalukalkk baar pareeksha, saatt, gree, mattu niravadhi yadhaartha loka aaplikkeshanukalil manushya thalatthilulla skorukal nedaan kazhinju.
dhaarana.
lokathinte vashangal manassilakkaan censorukalil (camerakal, microphoneukal, wireless signalukal, active lidar, sonar, radar, tactile censorukal enniva polullava) ninnulla inputt upayogikkaanulla kazhivaanu mesheen perseption. vishwal inputt vishakalanam cheyyaanulla kazhivaanu computer darshanam.
eee feeldil samsara thirichariyal ulppedunnu,
imej vargeekaranam,
mukham thirichariyal, vasthu thirichariyal, 
robotic dhaarana,
mattullavaykkoppam.
saamoohika buddhi.
manushya vikarangal, vikarangal, maanasikavastha enniva thirichariyukayo vyaakhyaanikkukayo prosess cheiyukayo anukarikkukayo cheiyunna samvidaanangal ulkkollunna oru inter disciplinary kudayaanu affective computing.
udaaharanathinu, chila vertual asisttantumaar sambhashanaparamaayi samsaarikkunnathino thamaashayode thamasha parayunnathino polum prograam cheythirikkunnu; ithu manushya edapedalukalude vaikaarika chalanathmakathayodu kooduthal sensitiivu aayi kaanappedukayo allengil manushya-computer edapedal sugamamaakkukayo cheiyunnu.
ennirunnaalum, nilavilulla computer ejantumaar yadhaarthathil ethratholam budhimaanmaaraanennathukinu oru yaadhaarthyabodhamillaathu dhaarana ithu nishkalankaraaya upayokthaakkalkk nalkunnu. affective computingumaayi bandhapetta mithamaaya vijayangalil tekst centiment vishakalanavum, aduthide, multimodal centiment vishakalanavum ulppedunnu, athil oru viidiyoo tape cheytha vishayam pradarshippikkunna swaadheenangale iai tharamthirikkunnu.
general intelligence.
pothuvaaya budhiyulla oru yanthrathin manushyante budhiykku samanamaaya vishalathayum vaividhyavum upayogichu vaividhyamaarnna prasnangal pariharikkan kazhiyum.
artificial general intelligence engane vikasippikkaam ennathinekkurichu niravadhi malsaraadhishtitha ashayangal undaayittund. 1963ll herbert eiii. pratheekathmakamaaya aii udan thanne aggie vare vyaapikkumenn saiman pravachichenkilum eee pravachanangal yaadhaarthyamaayilla. 
hans moravekkum marvin minsky vaadikkunnathu vyathyastha vyakthigatha domainukalile pravartthanangal pothuvaaya budhiyode oru noothana multy ejantu systethilo cognitive architecturilo ulppeduthaamennu.
ashayaparamaayi nerayathum ennaal ganithashaasthraparamaayi budhimuttullathumaaya oru "maasttar algoritam" undennu pedro domingos prathekshikkunnu, athu agiyilekku nayichekkaam.
krithrima masthishkam polulla naravamsha savisheshathakal undennu mattullavar vishwasikkunnu.
allengil simulated child development
pothubudhi uyarnnuvarunna oru nirnaayaka ghattathilethumennu oru divasam. 2023-ll, neuro-symbolic aii (alfa seero polullava) ettavum prateeksha nalkunnuvennu pala gaveshakarkkum thonni.
upakaranangal.
thirayal, opttimaiseshan.
saadhyamaaya niravadhi parihaarangaliloode budhiparamaayi thirayunnathiloode niravadhi prasnangal pariharikkan aiykku kazhiyum. oru thirayal nadathunnathilekku yukthiye churukkam. udaaharanathinu, yukthisahamaya thelivu parisarangalil ninnu nigamanangalilekku nayikkunna oru paatha thirayunnathayi kaanaan kazhiyum, avide oro ghattavum oru anumana niyamatthinte prayogamaanu. aasoothrana algorithangal lakshyangaludeyum upagolukaludeyum vrukshangaliloode thirayunnu, oru lakshyathilekkulla paatha kandethaan shramikkunnu, eee prakriya marga-avasana vishakalanam ennu vilikkunnu. kaikaalukal chalippikkunnathinum vasthukkal pidichedukkunnathinumalu robotics algorithangal konfigareshan spacil praadeshika thirayalukal upayogikkunnu.
lalithamaaya samagramaya thirayalukal
mikka yadhaartha loka prasnangalkkum apoorvvamaayi maathrame mathiyaakoo thirayal sthalam (thirayanulla sthalangalude ennam) athivegam jyotishaasthra samkhyakalaayi valarunnu. valare mandagathiyilullatho orikkalum poortthiyaakaatthatho aaya oru thirachilaanu phalam. pala prasnangalkkum pariharam, oru lakshyathilethaan kooduthal saadhyathayullavarkk anukoolamaayi thiranjeduppukalkku munganana nalkunna "hyooristiks" allengil "rools oof tamb" upayogikkuka ennathaanu, athu kuranja ghattangalil cheyyuka. chila thirayal reethikalil, oru lakshyathilekku nayikkaan saadhyathayillaatha chila choisukal illaathaakkaanum hyooristiks sahayikkum ("serch trea vettimaattal" ennu vilikkunnu). hyooristiks prograam parihaaramulla paathayekkurichu oru "mikacha ooham" nalkunnu.
hyooristiks pariharangalkkaayulla thirachiline cheria sample valuppathilekku parimithappedutthunnu.
opttimaiseshan enna ganithashaasthra sidhaanthathe adisthaanamaakki 1990-kalil valare vyathyasthamaaya oru thirayal praadhaanyamarhichu. pala prasnangalkkum, eathenkilum tharatthilulla oohathode thirayal aarambhikkaanum thudarnnu kooduthal parishkkaranangal nadatthaan kazhiyaathathuvare oohathe vardhippichu parishkarikkaanum kazhiyum. eee algorithangal andhamaya kunnin kayaral aayi drishyavalkkarikkaam bhooprakrithiyile oru kramarahithamaya pooyintil ninnu njangal thirachil aarambikkunnu, thudarnnu, chaadunnathiloodeyo padikaliloodeyo, mukalilethunnathuvare njangal njangalude ooham mukalilekku neekkunnu. mattu anubandha opttimaiseshan algorithangalil random opttimaiseshan, beam serch, simulated aniiling polulla metahyooristiks enniva ulppedunnu. parinamaparamaaya kanakkukoottal opttimaiseshan thirayalinte oru roopamaanu upayogikkunnathu. udaaharanathinu, avaa jeevikalude oru janasamkhyayil (oohangal) ninnu aarambhich, oro thalamura athijeevikkaan ettavum anuyojyamaayathu maathram thiranjedutthu (oohangale parishkarikkunnu) parivartthanam cheyyaanum veendum samyojippikkaanum avare anuvadichekkaam. classic parinaama algorithangalil janithaka algorithangal, jeane expression prograaming, janithaka prograaming enniva ulppedunnu. pakaramaayi, vitharanam cheytha thirayal prakriyakalkku swam intelligence algorithangal vazhi ekopippikkaan kazhiyum. kanika koottam opttimaiseshan (pakshikalude koottatthil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathu), urumbukalude koolani opttimaiseshan (urumbukalude pathakalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathu) ennivayaanu thirachilil upayogikkunna rund janapriya koottam algorithangal.
yukthiprakaram.
yukthi
vijnjaana praathinidhyathinum prashnaparihaarathinum ithu upayogikkunnu, pakshe ithu mattu prasnangalkkum prayogikkaam. udaaharanathinu, satplaan algoritam aasoothranathinu yukthi upayogikkunnu.
inductive lojik prograaming padanatthinulla oru reethiyaanu.
iai gaveshanathil niravadhi vyathyastha tharatthilulla yukthikal upayogikkunnu. allengil", "allah" thudangiya sathyapravarthanangal nirddeshaparamaaya yukthiyil ulppedunnu. phastt-oordar lojik
quandifierukalum pravachanangalum cherkkukayum vasthukkalekurichum avayude gunangalekkurichum avayude parasparam ulla bandhangalekkurichum vasthuthakal prakadippikkaan kazhiyukayum cheiyunnu. bhaashaaparamaayi poornnamaayum shario thetto aakaan kazhiyaathavidham krithyathayillaatha "alice pazhayathaanu" (allengil sambannamaanu, allengil uyaramullathaanu, allengil vishakkunnu) polulla avyakthamaaya prasthaavanakalk avyakthamaaya yukthi oru "sathyathinte alavu" (0 num 1 num idayil) nalkunnu.
sthiramaaya yuktiyum yogyathaa prashnavum pariharikkan sahaayikkunnathin roopakalppana cheytha yukthikalude roopangalaanu sthiramaaya yukthikal, ekathaanamallaatha yukthikal, sarkkimskripshan enniva.
vivarana lojikkukal polulla arivinte nirddishta domainukal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu yukthiyude niravadhi vipuleekaranangal roopakalppana cheythittundu.
saahacharya calculus, ivant calculus, pluunt calculus (sambhavangaleyum samayatheyum prathinidheekarikkunnathin);
kaaryakaarana calculus;
vishwaasa calculus (vishwaasa punaravalokanam); model lojikkukal.
multy-ejantu sisttangalil undaakunna parasparavirudhamo asthiramo aaya prasthaavanakale maathrkayaakkunnathinulla lojikkukalum roopakalppana cheythittundu, udaaharanathinu paaraakonsistant lojikkukal.
anischithamaaya nyaayavaadatthinulla saadhyataa reethikal.
aiyile (yukthibodham, aasoothranam, patanam, dhaarana, robotics ennivayulppede) niravadhi prashnangalkk ejantu apoornnamo anishchithathvamo aaya vivarangal upayogichu pravarthikkendathundu. probability sidhaanthathil ninnum saambathikashaasthrathil ninnumulla reethikal upayogichu eee prasnangal pariharikkunnathin gaveshakar niravadhi upakaranangal aavishkarichittundu.
bayeshyan netvarkkukal
yukthisahamaya (bayeshyan anumana algoritam upayogichu) ulppede vividha prashnangalkk upayogikkaan kazhiyunna valare pothuvaaya oru upakaranamaan ithu.
patanam (prateeksha-paramavadhi algoritam upayogichu),
aasoothranavum (theerumaana shringalakal upayogichu) dharana (chalanathmaka bayeshyan shringalakal upayogichu).
filtering, pravachanam, sugamamaakkal, daattayude streamukalkkulla vishadeekaranangal kandethal ennivaykkum kaalakramena sambhavikkunna prakriyakal vishakalanam cheyyaan perseption sisttangale sahayikkunnathinum probabilistik algorithangal upayogikkaam (udha.jii.maranjirikkunna markov modalukal allengil kalman filterukal).
saambathikashaasthrathil ninnulla oru pradhana ashayam "yoottility" aanu, ithu oru budhiyulla ejantinu enthengilum ethratholam moolyavathaayirikkunnu ennathinte alavaanu. theerumaana sidhaantham, theerumaana vishakalanam enniva upayogichu oru ejantinu engane thiranjeduppukalum aasoothranavum nadathaamennu vishakalanam cheiyunna krithyamaaya ganitha upakaranangal vikasippicheduthittundu.
koodaathe vivara moolya sidhaanthavum. markov theerumaana prakriyakal, chalanathmaka theerumaana shringalakal, geyim sidhaantham, mechanism design thudangiya modalukal eee upakaranagalil ulppedunnu.
vargeekaranangalum sthithivivarakkanakku patana reethikalum.
ettavum lalithamaaya iai aaplikkeshanukale rund tharangalayi tirikkaam classifierukal ("thilangunnathaanenkil vajram"), kantrolarukal ("vajram aanenkil edukkuka"). ennirunnaalum, kantrolarmaar pravartthanangal anumaanikkunnathin munbu vyavasthakale tharamthirikkukayum cheiyunnu, athinaal vargeekaranam pala iai sisttangaludeyum kendra bhagamaanu. ettavum adutha poruttham nirnnayikkaan paatten matching upayogikkunna pravarthanangalaanu classifierukal. udaaharanagal anusarichu avaa tyoon cheyyaan kazhiyum, ithu avaye aiyil upayogikkaan valare akarshakamaakkunnu. eee udaaharanangale nireekshanangal allengil paattenukal ennu vilikkunnu. melnottatthilulla padanatthil, oro paattenum oru prathyeka munkootty nirvachikkapetta classil pedunnu. oru klaas ennathu edukkenda oru theerumaanamaanu. ellah nireekshanangalum avayude klaas labelukalumaayi samyojippichaan dattaa settu ennariyappedunnathu. oru puthiya nireekshanam labhikkumbol, aaa nireekshanatthe muun anubhavathinte adisthaanathil tharamthirikkunnu.
oru vargeekaranakkaarane vividha reethikalil parisheelippikkaan kazhiyum; niravadhi stattistikkal, mesheen laining sameepanangalund.
ettavum lalithavum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkappedunnathumaaya pratheekathmaka mesheen laining algorithamaanu desision trea.
1990kalude pakuthi vare ettavum vyaapakamaayi upayogichirunna analogical iai aayirunnu keey-neyezhs neiber algoritam.
support vekttar mesheen (ezz. vii. emm) polulla kernel reethikal 1990-kalil keey-ettavum adutha ayalkkaarane maattippaarppichu.
bhaagikamaayi athinte alavukolukal kaaranam googilil ettavum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna padithaavaanu nishkalankanaaya bayes classifier.
neural nettvarkkukalum vargeekaranathinaayi upayogikkunnu.
vargeekarana prakadanam daattasettinte valuppam, klaasukaliludaneelamulla saambilukalude vitharanam, alavukal, shabdathinte nilavaaram thudangiya tharamthirikkenda daattayude savisheshathakale valareyadhikam aasrayichirikkunnu. karuthiya model yadhaartha daattaykk valare anuyojyamaanengil model adisthaanamaakkiyulla classifierukal nannayi pravartthikkunnu. allengil, poruthappedunna oru model labhyamallengil, krithyatha (vegatha allengil alavukolinekkaal) maathramaan eaka aashankayaanenkil, mikka praayogika daatta settukalilum "naivu bayes" polulla model adisthaanamaakkiyulla classifierukale apekshichu discriminative classifierukal (prathyekichu ezz. vii. emm) kooduthal krithyathayullathaayirikkum ennathaanu parambaraagatha njaanam.
krithrima neural netvarkkukal.
neural netvarkkukal
manushya masthishkathile neuronukalude ghadanayil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondavayaan iva. oru lalithamaaya "neuron" enn "mattu neuronukalil ninnulla inputt sweekarikkunnu, avaa oronnum sajeevamaakumbol (allengil" fayar "), neuron" enn "svayam sajeevamaakkanamo vendayo ennathine anukoolicho ethirtho oru waited" vottu "cheiyunnu. pariseelana daattaye adisthaanamaakki eee bharangal krameekarikkaan padanatthinu oru algoritam aavasyamaanu; oru lalithamaaya algoritam ("orumichu thee, vayar orumichu" ennu vilikkunnu) onnu sajeevamaakkumbol bandhippicha rund neuronukal thammilulla bharam vardhippikkuka ennathaanu. neuronukalkku thudarchayaaya aaktiveshan spectramundu; koodaathe, neuronukalkku neraaya vottukal thookkunnathinupakaram nonleeniyar reethiyil inputtukal prosess cheyyaan kazhiyum.
aadhunika neural netvarkkukal inputtukalum aouttputtukalum thammilulla sankeernamaaya bandhangale maathrkayaakkukayum daattayil paattenukal kandethukayum cheiyunnu. avarkk thudarchayaaya pravartthanangalum digital logical pravartthanangalum polum padikkaan kazhiyum. neural nettvarkkukale oru tharam ganitha optimaiseshanaayi kaanaan kazhiyum-avaa nettvarkkine parisheelippichukondu srishticha oru multy dimensional topologyil gradient disent nadathunnu. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya pariseelana saankethikavidya backpropagation algoritam aanu.
neural netvarkkukalkkaayulla mattu patana saankethikavidyakal hebbian laining ("orumichu thee koluthuka, orumichu vayar cheyyuka"), gmdh allengil malsara patanam ennivayaanu.
nettvarkkukalude pradhana vibhagangal asyclic allengil feedforwade neural nettvarkkukalum (signal oru dishayil maathram kadannupokunna) aavarthichulla neural nettvarkkukalum (muun inputt evantukalude feedback hraswakaala oormmakalum anuvadikkunna) aanu. perseptronukal, multy-lair perseptronukal, radial basis netvarkkukal ennivayaanu ettavum janapriyamaaya feedford netvarkkukal.
aazhathilulla patanam.
aazhathilulla patanam
netvarkkinte inputtukalkkum auttputtukalkkumidayil neuronukalude niravadhi paalikal upayogikkunnu. onniladhikam paalikalkku kramanugathamaayi asamskritha inputtil ninnu uyarnna thalatthilulla savisheshathakal verthirichedukkaan kazhiyum. udaaharanathinu, imej prosessingil, thaazhathe paalikal arikukal thirichariyaan kazhiyum, athesamayam uyarnna paalikal oru manushyan prasakthamaaya akkangal allengil aksharangal allengil mukhangal polulla ashayangal thirichariyaan kazhiyum. computer kazhcha, samsara thirichariyal, imej vargeekaranam ennivayulppede artificial intalijansinte niravadhi pradhana upamekhalakalile prograamukalude prakadanam aazhathilulla patanam ganyamaayi mechappeduthi.
aazhathilulla patanam palappozhum athinte pala allengil ellah paalikalkkum convalutional neural netvarkkukal upayogikkunnu. oru kanvalyooshanal paaliyil, oro neuron neuroninte reseptive feeld ennu vilikkunna munbathe paaliyude niyantritha pradeshathu ninnu maathrame inputt labhikkoo. ithu neuronukal thammilulla bharamullah bandhangalude ennam ganyamaayi kuraykkukayum mrugangalude vishwal courtexinte oorganaiseshanu samanamaaya oru shreni srishtikkukayum cheyyum.
oru rikkarant neural netvarkkil (rnn) signal onniladhikam thavana oru paaliyiloode vyapikkum.
athinaal, aazhathilulla padanatthinte oru udaaharanamaanu rnn.
gradient disent anusarichu rnncnu pariseelanam nalkaam.
ennirunnaalum, pinnott vyaapikkunna deerghakaala gradiantukalkku aprathyakshamaakam (athaayath, avaa poojyathilekku pravanatha kaanikkam) allengil "pottitherikkaam" (athaayath, avaa ananthathayilekku pravanatha kaanikkam), ithu aprathyakshamaaya gradient prashnam ennariyappedunnu.
deerghakaala hraswakaala memory (ell. ezz. tii. emm) saankethikavidyaykku mikka kesukalilum ithu thadayaan kazhiyum.
prathyeka bhaashakalum hardwareukalum.
artificial intalijansinaayi lisp, prologue, tenserflo thudangi niravadhi prathyeka bhashakal vikasippichittund. aiykkaayi vikasippicha hardwareil iai aaksilarettarukalum neuromorphic computing ulppedunnu. 2019 aayappozhekkum, graphics prosessing unitukal (gpus), palappozhum iai-nirddishta mechappeduthalukallavalla, valia thothilulla vaanijya claude aiye parisheelippikkunnathinu pradhana maargamaayi central prosessing yoonittine (cpus) maatti.
aaplikkeshanukal.
eathu boudhika dauthyathinum iai prasakthamaanu. aadhunika artificial intelligence saankethikavidyakal vyaapakavum ivide pattikappeduthaan kazhiyaathathra ennameriyathumaanu. palappozhum, oru saankethikavidya mukhyadharaa upayogathil athumbol, athu inii artificial intalijansaayi kanakkakkilla; eee prathibhaasatthe iai ephakt ennu visheshippikkunnu.
2010-kalil, eiii. aii. aii aaplikkeshanukal computinginte ettavum vaanijyaparamaayi vijayakaramaya mekhalakalude hridayabhaagathaayirunnu, dainamdina jeevithathinte sarvvyaapiyaaya savisheshathayaayi mariyirikkunnu. serch enchinukalil (google serch polullava) iai upayogikkunnu.
oonlain parasyangal, shupaarsha samvidaanangal (netflix, youtube allengil aamason vaagdaanam cheiyunnu), internettu traaphik, targettucheytha parasyangal (adsense, facebook), vertual asisttantumaar (siri allengil alexa polullava), svayambharana vahanangal (dronukal, adas, svayam driving kaarukal ennivayulppede), automatic bhasha vivarthanam (microsopht traanslettar, google traanslett), fasial recognission (aappilinte pheys aidi allengil microsophttinte deephase), imej labeling (facebook, aappilinte iphoto, tick toock enniva upayogikkunna), spam filtering, chattbottukal (chaatt jipidi polullava).
nirddishta vyavasaayangaludeyo sthaapanangaludeyo prasnangal pariharikkunnathin aayirakkanakkin vijayakaramaya iai aaplikkeshanukalum upayogikkunnu. oorjja sambharanam, deephekkukal, medical diagnosis, milittari logistics, videsanayam allengil supply cheyin maanejment ennivayaanu chila udaaharanagal.
1950kall muthal kalii ennathu aiyude shakthiyude pareekshanamaanu. 1997 meyy 11nuu nilavile loka chess chaambyanaaya gaari kaasparovine paraajayappedutthiya aadyathe computer chess kalikkunna samvidaanamaayi deep blue maari. 2011ll "apakadaavasthayil!"kwis shhow exhibition maachu, ibminte chodyothara samvidaanamaaya vaatsan, rund valia" "apakadasaadhyathakale" paraajayappeduthi! "chaambyanmaar, brad rutter, kenn jennings ennivar ganyamaaya maarjinil.
2016 maarchil, goo chaambyan liie sedolumaayulla malsarathil 5 kalikalil 4 ennathilum alfago vijayichu, ithu oru professional goo kalikkaarane vaikalyangalillathe paraajayappedutthunna aadyathe computer goo-playing sisttamaayi maari. thudarnnu 2017ll keey jiye paraajayappeduthi, akkaalat thudarchayaayi loka onnaam nambar sthaanam nilanirtthi. rund varshathekku 1 rank. manushyaateeta thalatthil pokkar, pluribus, sephius thudangiya apoornnamaaya vivara geyimukal mattu prograamukal kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. 2010-kalil deep mind svanthamaayi niravadhi vaividhyamaarnna attaari geyimukal padikkaan kazhiyunna oru "saamaanyavalkkaricha artificial intelligence" vikasippichu.
deep maindinte alfafold 2 (2020) oru proteente 3D ghadana maasangalekkaal manikkoorukalilaan ekadeshamaayi kanakkakkaanulla kazhivu prakadippichathu. mattu prayogangal judicial theerumaanangalude phalam pravachikkukayum kala srishtikkukayum (kavita allengil painting polullava) ganitha sidhaanthangal theliyikkukayum cheiyunnu.
2020kalil generative iai vyapakamaaya praadhaanyam nedi. "175 bilyan paaraamettarukalulla jipidi-3 (2020) polulla "valia bhasha maathruka" samvidaanangal, maanadandangalude ulladakkathekkurichu pothuvaaya dhaarana nedaathe thanne, munbundaayirunna maanadandangalil manushya prakadanavumaayi poruthappedunnu. 2023 maarchil nadatthiya oru pyoo gaveshana sarveyil 14 sathamaanam amerikkakkarum manushyarude prathikaranatthil ninnulla shakthippeduthal patanam upayogichu mikacha reethiyil tyoon cheytha oru valia bhasha modalaaya chaatt jipidi pareekshichathaayi kandethi. kanakkukal valare vyathyasthamaanenkilum, adutha patthu varshathinullil generative langwej iai aagola gdpyil 7 sathamaanam vardhanavu varuthaan kazhiyumennu 2023 ll goldman satches nirddeshichu.
2023ll, midjorni, dall-iii, sthiramaaya vyaapanam thudangiya iai adisthaanamaakkiyulla tekst-tuu-imej janarettarukalude vardhichuvarunna yaadhaarthyabodhavum eluppathil upayogikkunnathum vairal iai-janarettucheytha photokalude pravanathaykku kaaranamaayi. velutha puffer kottu dharicha francis marpappayude vyaja foto, donald trumpinte saangalppika arast, panchabhujathinu nereyulla aakramanathinte vyaajarekha, professional creative artsil upayogam enniva vyapakamaaya shradha nedi.
deerghakaalavum vittumaaraathathumaaya avasthakalulla, prathyekichu migraine rogikalil shradha kendreekarichukondu, klinikkal krameekaranangalil doctormaarum rogikalum thammilulla vivara kaimaattam mechappeduthaan iai samvedanaathmaka samvidaanangalkku kazhiyum.
boudhika swathavakaasham.
pettant apekshakalude ennathinte kaaryatthilum pettantukal anuvadichathinte kaaryatthilum ettavum vipulamaaya valarnnuvarunna saankethikavidya iai aanennu 2019ll vaipo report cheythu, internettu oof things vipani valuppathinte kaaryatthilum ettavum valuthayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. vipani valuppathil bigg daatta saankethikavidyakal, robotics, iai, 3 dii printing, anchaam thalamura mobail sevanangal (5 jii) enniva ithine pinthudarnnu. 1950kalil iai uyarnnuvannathinushesham, 340,000 aiyumaayi bandhapetta pettant apekshakal puthumayullavar phayal cheyyukayum 16 laksham shaasthreeya prabandhangal gaveshakar prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu, 2013 muthal prasidheekaricha aiyumaayi bandhapetta ellah pettant filingukalilum bhooribhaagavum. kambanikal prathinidheekarikkunnu mikacha 30 iai pettant apekshakaril 26 ennam, bakkiyulla naalu ennam sarvakalaashaalakalo pothu gaveshana samghadanakalo aanu. shaasthreeya prabandhangaludeyum kandupiduthangaludeyum anupatham 2010-leeii 8:1-ll ninnu 2016-ll 3:1 aayi ganyamaayi kuranju, ithu saidhaanthika gaveshanathil ninnu vaanijya uthppannangalilum sevanangalilum iai saankethikavidyakalude upayogathilekkulla maattatthinte soochanayaanu. pettantukalil velippeduthunna prabalamaaya iai saankethikavidyayaanu mesheen laining, ithu thiricharinja ellah kandupiduthangaludeyum moonnilonnil ulppedunnu (2016 ll phayal cheytha motham 167,038 iai pettantukalkkaayi phayal cheytha 134,777 mesheen laining pettantukal), computer vision ettavum janapriyamaaya pravarthanaparamaaya aaplikkeshanaanu. aiyumaayi bandhapetta pettantukal iai saankethikavidyakalum prayogangalum velippeduthuka mathramalla, avaa palappozhum oru aaplikkeshan mekhalayeyo vyavasaayatheyo soochippikkunnu. 2016ll irupathu aaplikkeshan feeldukal thiricharinju, avayil telecommunication (15 sathamaanam), transportation (15 sathamaanam), life aandu medical sciences (12 sathamaanam), pezhsanal deviceukal, computing, human-computer interaakshan (11 sathamaanam) enniva ulppedunnu. banking, vinodam, suraksha, vyavasaayam, uthppaadanam, krishi, netvarkkukal (soshyal netvarkkukal, smart sittikal, internettu oof things ennivayulppede) ennivayaanu mattu mekhalakal. 8, 290 pettant apekshakalulla aii. bii. emm aanu ettavum valia pettant portfolio, 5,930 pettant apekshakalulla microsopht aanu thottupinnilullath.
thathwachintha.
artificial intalijansine nirvachikkuka.
1950ll alaan turing ezhuthi, 'yanthrangalkk chinthikkaan kazhiyumo' enna chodyam pariganikkaan njaan nirddeshikkunnu."
oru yanthram "chinthikkunnundo" ennathil ninnu "yanthrangalkk budhiparamaaya perumaattam kaanikkan kazhiyumo illayo" ennathilekku chodyam maattaan addeham upadeshichu.
manushyante sambhashanam anukarikkanulla oru yanthrathinte kazhivu alakkunna turing testt addeham aavishkarichu. yanthrathinte swabhaavam maathrame namukk nireekshikkaan kazhiyoo ennathinaal, athu "yadhaarthathil" chinthikkunnathaano atho aksharaarthatthil "manass" undo ennathu prashnamalla. mattullavarekkurichu eee karyangal nirnnayikkaan namukk kazhiyillennu turing kurikkunnu, ennaal "ellaavarum chinthikkunna oru manyamaaya kanvenshan undaayirikkunnathu saadhaaranamaanu"
aiye nirvachikkendathu "chintha" yalla, "abhinayam" ennathilaanu enna turinginode russel norwig yojikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, pareekshanam yanthrangale "aalukalumayi" thaarathamyam cheiyunnathil avaa nirnaayakamaan. "aeronotical enchiniyaring grandhangal", avar ezhuthi, "avarude vayalinte lakshyathe nirvachikkunnath 'mattu praavukale kabalippikkaan kazhiyunnavidham praavukaleppole parakkunna yanthrangal nirmmikkuka' ennaanu. artificial intelligence, nirvachanam anusarichu, manushya budhiyude anukaranamalla" ennu ezhuthikkondu ayiyude sthaapakan joonn mccarthy sammathichu.
lokathil lakshyangal nedaanulla kazhivinte computational bhagamaanu" ennaanu mccarthy budhiye nirvachichirikkunnathu."mattoru iai sthaapakanaaya marvin minsky ithine" "kadinamaaya prasnangal pariharikkanulla kazhivu" "ennaanu nirvachichirikkunnathu". eee nirvachanangal budhiye nannayi nirvachikkapetta pariharangalulla nannayi nirvachikkapetta prashnangalude adisthaanathil veekshikkunnu, avide prashnatthinte budhimuttum prograaminte prakadanavum yanthrathinte "budhishakthiyude" nerittulla alavukolukalaanu-mattu daarshanika charchakalonnum aavasyamilla, allengil saadhyamallaayirikkaam.
googilum sweekaricha oru nirvachanam-iai mekhalayile pradhana pariseelakan.
eee nirvachanam biological intalijansil nirvachichirikkunnathupo, budhiyude prakadanamaayi vivarangal samanvayippikkaanulla samvidaanangalude kazhivine nirnnayichu.
aiyilekkulla sameepanagal vilayiruthunnu.
oru ekeekritha sidhaanthamo maathrkayo athinte charithratthinte bhooribhaagavum gaveshanathe nayikkanaayittilla. 2010-kalile stattistikkal mesheen laninginte abhoothapoorvamaaya vijayam matellaa sameepanangaleyum marikadannu (chila srothassukal, prathyekichu bisinesses lokath, "neural netvarkkukalulla mesheen laining" ennartham varunna "artificial intelligence" enna padam upayogikkunnathinaal). eee sameepanam kooduthalum upa-pratheekathmakavum vrithiyullathum mriduvum idungiyathum aanu (chuvade kaanuka). eee chodyangal eiii. aii. aii gaveshakarude bhaavi thalamurakal punaparisodhikkendathunna vimarshakar vaadikkunnu.
pratheekathmakamaaya aayiyum athinte paridhikalum.
pasilukal pariharikkumbozhum niyamaparamaaya nyaayavaadam prakadippikkumbozhum ganitham nadathumbozhum aalukal upayogikkunna uyarnna thalatthilulla bodhapoorvamaaya nyaayavaadam pratheekaathmakamaayi (allengil gofaay) anukarichu. beejaganitam allengil ikyu testtukal polulla "intalijant" jolikalil avar valare vijayichu. 1960kalil, nevellum saiman physical simbal sisttam sidhaantham nirddeshichu "oru physical simbal systethinu pothuvaaya budhiparamaaya pravarthanatthinu aavasyamaayathum mathiyayathumaaya maargangalund."
ennirunnaalum, manushyar eluppathil pariharikkunna padanamo oru vasthuvine thirichariyukayo pothuvaaya yuktiyo polulla pala jolikalilum pratheekathmaka sameepanam parajayappettu. uyarnna thalatthilulla "budhiparamaaya" jolikal aiykku eluppamaayirunnuvenkilum thaazhnna thalatthilulla "sahajamaaya" jolikal angeyattam budhimuttaayirunnuvennu kandethalaan moraavekkinte vairudhyam.
1960kall muthal thathwachinthakanaaya hubert drayfus vaadichathu manushya vaidagdhyam bodhapoorvamaaya chihna krithrimathvathekkaal abodhaavasthayilulla sahajavabodhatheyum vyakthamaaya pratheekathmaka arivinekkaal saahacharyathekkurich oru "anubhavam" undaayirikkunnathineyum aasrayichirikkunnu ennaanu.
addehathinte vaadangal aadyamaayi avatharippikkumbol parihasikkappedukayum avaganikkappedukayum cheythenkilum, oduvil, eiii. aii. aii. gaveshanam amgeekarikkappettu.
prashnam pariharikkappettilla algoritam pakshapaatham polulla manushya avabodham cheiyunna athe avyakthamaaya thettukal upa-pratheekathmaka nyaayavaadathinu cheyyaan kazhiyum. noam chomskiyeppolulla vimarshakar vaadikkunnathu pothuvaaya buddhi nedunnathinu pratheekathmakamaaya aiyekkurichulla thudarchayaaya gaveshanam ippozhum aavasyamaanennu, kaaranam upa-pratheekathmakamaaya iai ennathu vishadeekarikkaavunna aiyil ninnu oru neekkamaanu oru aadhunika stattistikkal iai prograam enthukondaanu oru prathyeka theerumaanam eduthathennu manasilakkaan prayaasamo asaadhyamo aakam. neuro-symbolic artificial intalijansinte uyarnnuvarunna mekhala rund sameepanangaleyum bandhippikkaan shramikkunnu.
vrithiyullavarkkethire. cheetha.
"lalithavum gambheeravumaaya thathwangal (lojik, opttimaiseshan allengil neural netvarkkukal polullava) upayogichaanu budhiparamaaya perumaattatthe vivarikkunnathennu "neetts" prathekshikkunnu. "bandhamillaattha niravadhi prasnangal pariharikkendathundennu "scrafikal" prathekshikkunnu. netts avarude prograamukale saidhaanthikamaaya karkkashathode prathirodhikkunnu, scrafikal pravartthikkunnundo ennu kaanaan incremental testingine maathram aasrayikkunnu. 70kalilum 80kalilum eee vishayam sajeevamaayi charcha cheyyappettu.
ennaal oduvil aprasakthamaayi kaanapettu. 1990kalil ganithashaasthra reethikalum sakthamaaya shaasthreeya maanadandangalum maanadandamaayi maari, 2003ll russel norwig ithine "neetsinte vijayam" ennu visheshippichu. ennirunnaalum 2020-ll avar ezhuthi, "aazhathilulla patanam scrafikalude punarujjeevanathe prathinidheekarikkam". aadhunika aiykku randinteyum gadakangalundu.
sophtt vezhsas. haard computing.
theliyikkaavunna sariyaaya allengil opttimal pariharam kandethunnathu pala pradhana prasnangalkkum pariharikkanaavilla. krithyathayillaayma, anishchithathvam, bhagika sathyam, ekadesha kanakk ennivaye sahikkunna janithaka algorithangal, avyakthamaaya yukthi, neural netvarkkukal ennivayulppedeyulla saankethikavidyakalude oru koottamaanu sophtt computing. 80kalude avasaanathilaanu sophtt computing avatharippichathu, 21-aamm noottaandile ettavum vijayakaramaya iai prograamukal neural netvarkkukalulla sophtt computinginte udaaharanangalaan.
idungiya banama. general aii.
artificial general intalijansinteyum suuppar intalijansinteyum (general iai) lakshyangal nerittu pinthudaranamo atho kazhiyunnathra nirddishta prasnangal pariharikkanamo (idungiya iai) enna kaaryatthil gaveshakar bhinnichirikkunnu, eee pariharangal eee mekhalayude deerghakaala lakshyangalilekk parokshamaayi nayikkumennu prathekshikkunnu.
pothuvaaya budhiye nirvachikkaan prayasavum alakkaan prayaasavumaan, koodaathe nirddishta pariharangalulla nirddishta prasnangalil shradha kendreekarichukondu aadhunika aiykku kooduthal sthireekarikkaavunna vijayangal undaayittund. artificial general intalijansinte pareekshanathmaka upamekhala eee mekhalaye prathyekamaayi padikkunnu.
yanthrabodham, bodham, manass.
manushyar cheiyunna athe ardhathil oru yanthrathin manasse bodhavum maanasikaavasthayum undaakumo ennu manassinte thathwashaasthrathinu ariyilla. eee prashnam yanthrathinte baahya swabhaavathekkaal aantharikaanubhavangal pariganikkunnu. mukhyadharaa eiii. aii. gaveshanam eee vishayam aprasakthamaayi kanakkakkunnu, kaaranam ithu feeldinte lakshyangale baadikkunnilla. mikka iai gaveshakarum "[aiyude thathwachinthaye] kurichu shradhikkunnillennu stuvartt russel peettar norwig nireekshikkunnu-prograam pravarthikkunnidatholam kaalam, ningal athine budhiyude anukaranamaano atho yadhaartha budhiyude anukaranamaano ennu avar kaaryamakkunnilla."ennirunnaalum, eee chodyam manassinte thathwashaasthrathinte kendramaayi mariyirikkunnu. fictionil artificial intalijansil ithu saadhaaranayaayi pradhana chodyamaanu.
bodham.
manassine manassilakkunnathil rund prasnangal david chaalmezhs thiricharinju, avaykku addeham bodhatthinte "kadinavum" "eluppavumaaya" prasnangal ennu perittu. masthishkam engane signalukal prosess cheiyunnu, padhathikal thayyarakkunnu, perumaattam niyanthrikkunnu enniva manassilakkuka ennathaanu eluppamulla prashnam. ithu yadhaarthathil entho pole thonnunnuvennu chinthikkunnathil nammal sariyaanennu karuthuka, ithu engane "anubhavappedunnu" allengil enthukondaanu ithu enthum pole anubhavappedanamennu vishadeekarikkuka ennathaanu kadinamaaya prashnam (dennettinte bodham mayajalam ithu oru maayayaanenn parayunnu). manushya vivara samskaranam vishadeekarikkaan eluppamaanu, ennirunnaalum, manushyante aathmanishtamaaya anubhavam vishadeekarikkaan prayaasamaan. udaaharanathinu, thangalude kaazhchappaadile eathokke vasthukkal chuvappaanennu thirichariyaan padicha oru varnnaandhathayulla vyakthiye sangalppikkaan eluppamaanu, ennaal aaa vyakthikk "chuvapp enganeyaanennu arian" enthaanu aavasyamennu vyakthamalla.
computationalisavum functionalisavum.
manushya manass oru vivara samskarana samvidaanamaanennum chintha computinginte oru roopamaanennum manassinte thathwashaasthrathile sthaanamaanu computationalism. manasse shareeravum thammilulla bandham software hardware thammilulla bandhathinu samaanamo samaanamo aanennum athinaal manasse shareeravum thammilulla prashnathinulla parihaaramaayirikkaamennum computationalism vaadikkunnu. 1960kalile iai gaveshakarudeyum vaijnjaanika shaasthranjarudeyum pravarthanangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda eee daarshanika nilapad yadhaarthathil nirddeshichathu thathwachinthakaraaya jerry fodor hilari putnavumaanu.
thathwachinthakanaaya joonn serley eee sthaanathe "sakthamaaya aii" ennu visheshippichu "sariyaaya inputtukalum aouttputtukalum ulla uchithamaaya prograam cheytha computerinu athuvazhi manushyarkk ulla athe ardhathil oru manass undaakum."
oru yanthram manushyante perumaattatthe poornnamaayum anukarikkunnundenkilum, athinu oru manassundennu karuthunnathinu oru kaaranavumillenn kaanikkan sramikkunna thante chainees room aargyumentiloode serlil eee avakaashavaadathe ethirkkunnu.
robot avakashangal.
oru yanthrathin manasse aathmanishtamaaya anubhavavum undengil, athinu vikaarabodhavum (anubhavikkanulla kazhivu) undayirikkaam, anganeyaanengil athu "kashtappedaanum" saadhyathayund; ithu chila avakaashangalkk arhata nalkumennu vaadikkappettittundu.
eathenkilum saangalppika robot avakashangal mrugangalude avakashangalum manushyaavakaashangalum ulla oru spectrathil adhishtithamaayirikkum.
noottaandukalaayi eee vishayam fictionil pariganikkunnund.
udaaharanathinu, kaaliforniyayude instittyoott phoor dhaa future ippol pariganikkunnu; ennirunnaalum, charcha akaalamaanennu vimarshakar vaadikkunnu.
bhaviyil.
suuppar intelligence.
ettavum thilakkamaarnnathum ettavum prathibhaashaaliyumaaya manushyamanassinekkaal valare kooduthal budhiyulla oru saangalppika ejantaanu suuppar intelligence.
artificial general intalijansinekkurichulla gaveshanam mathiyaya budhiparamaaya software nirmmikkukayaanenkil, athinu veendum prograam cheyyaanum svayam mechappeduthaanum kazhinjekkum. mechappetta software svayam mechappeduthunnathil kooduthal mikachathaayirikkum, ithu aavarthanaparamaaya svayam mechappeduthalilekku nayikkum.
oru intelligence spodanathil athinte intelligence ganyamaayi vardhikkukayum manushyare naadakeeyamaayi marikadakkukayum cheyyum. shaasthrakadhayaagraahakanaaya govarnor vinch eee saahacharyathe "ekathvam" ennu namakaranam cheythu.
budhiyude paridhikaloo suuppar intalijant mesheenukalude kazhivukalo arian prayaasamo asaadhyamo aayathinal, saankethika ekathvam ennathu sambhavangal pravachanaatheethamo aazhamillaathatho aaya oru sambhavamaan.
robot designer hans moravek, saibar nettisist kevin warwick, kandupiduthakkaranaaya reey kursweyil ennivar bhaviyil manushyarum yanthrangalum onnichu randilum kooduthal kazhivullathum shakthavumaya cyborgukalaayi maarumennu pravachichittundu. trans humanism ennu vilikkappedunna eee aashayathin aldus huxleyilum roobert ettingarilum verukalundu.
artificial intelligence parinaamatthinte adutha gattamaanu" ennu edward fredkin vaadikkunnu, ithu 1863 ll saamuval butlerude "darvin amamgaun dhii mesheens" aadyamaayi nirddeshikkukayum 1998 ll jorjju daisan athe perilulla thante pusthakatthil vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu.
apakadasadhyathakal.
saankethika thozhilillaayma.
munkaalangalil, motham thozhil kuraykkunnathinekkaal saankethikavidya vardhikkunnathinulla pravanathayundaayirunnuve saambathika vidagdhar "njangal ariyappedaatha pradeshathaanu" ennu sammathikkunnu. saambathika vidagtharude oru sarveyil robottukaludeyum aiyudeyum vardhichuvarunna upayogam deerghakaala thozhilillaaymayil ganyamaaya vardhanavinu kaaranamaakumo ennathinekkurichu viyojip kaanichu, ennaal uthppaadanakshamatha nettangal punarvitharanam cheythaal athu oru motham nettamaakumenn avar pothuve sammathikkunnu. apakadasaadhyatha kanakkukal vyathyaasappedunnu; udaaharanathinu, 2010-kalil maikkal oosboon, kaal benedict free ennivar yuu. esile 47 sathamaanam kanakkakki.ezz. jolikal automation saadhyathayulla "uyarnna apakadasaadhyatha" yilaanu, athesamayam oru oo. iii. sii. dii report yuu. esinte 9 sathamaanam maathrame tharamthirichittulloo.ezz. jolikal "uyarnna apakadasaadhyatha" ullavayayi kanakkakkunnu. bhaaviyile thozhil nilavaarathekkurichu oohaapohangal nadathunnathinulla reethishaasthram thelivukalude aditharayillennum saankethikavidya (saamoohika nayathekkaal) thozhilillaayma srishtikkunnuvennum (aavarthanathinu vipareethamaayi) soochippikkunnuvennum vimarshikkappettittundu.
munkaala automation tharamgangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, niravadhi madhyavarga jolikal artificial intelligence vazhi illaathaakkappedaam; "saambathika shaasthranjan" 2015 ll prasthaavichathu "vyaavasaayika viplavakaalath neeravi shakti blue collar jolikalkku cheythathupole vaitt collar jolikalkku iai cheyyaan kazhiyumenna aashanka" "gauravamaayi edukkendathaanu" ennaanu. kadutha apakadasaadyathayulla jolikal paraligal muthal phaast phudu paachakakkar vare, athesamayam vyakthigatha aarogya samrakshanam muthal purohithanmaar vareyulla paricharanavumayi bandhapetta thozhilukalil joliyude aavasyam vardhikkaan saadhyathayund.
mosham abhinethaakkalum aayudhadhaarikalaaya aii.
svechaadhipathya sarkkaarukalkk prathyekichum upayogapradamaaya niravadhi upakaranangal eiii. aii. nalkunnu smart spiware, mukham thirichariyal, shabda thirichariyal enniva vyapakamaaya nireekshanam anuvadikkunnu; atharam nireekshanam yanthra padanatthe samsthaanathinte shathrukkale tharamthirikkaanum avare maranjirikkunnathil ninnu thadayaanum anuvadikkunnu; shupaarsha samvidaanangalkku paramavadhi phalathinaayi prachaaranatheyum thettaaya vivarangaleyum krithyamaayi lakshyamidaam; thettaaya vivarangal srishtikkunnathinu deephekkukal sahayikkunnu; vipanikal polulla udaaravum vikendreekrithavumaaya samvidaanangalumaayi kooduthal mathsaraadhishtithamaaya kendreekritha theerumaanamedukkaan noothana eiii. aii. kku kazhiyum.
theevravaadikal, kuttavaalikal, dushta rajyangal ennivarkku noothana digital yudhavum marakamaaya svayambharana aayudangalum polulla mattu aayudhangalulla aayudangal upayogikkaam. 2015 aayappozhekkum ambathiladhikam rajyangal yudhakkala robottukalekkurichu gaveshanam nadathunnathaayi report cheyyappettu.
mesheen laining aiykku manikkoorukalkullil pathinaayirakkanakkin visha thanmathrakal roopakalppana cheyyaanum kazhiyum.
algoritam pakshapaatham.
yadhaartha loka daattayil ninnu padichathinushesham iai prograamukal pakshapathaparamaakum. ithu sisttam designermar avatharippikkathe prograam padichirikkaam, athinaal pakshapaatham nilanilkkunnuvennu programmarkku ariyillayirikkaam.
pariseelana daatta thiranjedukkunna reethiyiloodeyum oru model vinyasikkunna reethiyiloodeyum pakshapaatham ashradhamaayi avatharippikkan kazhiyum. 
paraspara bandhangalil ninnum ithu uyarnnuvannekkaam vyakthikale grouppukalaayi tharamthirikkaanum thudarnnu vyakthi groupile mattu amgangalumaayi saamyamundennu anumanichu pravachanangal nadatthaanum iai upayogikkunnu. chila saahacharyangalil, eee anumaanam anyaayamaayirikkaam. ithinte oru udaaharanam yuu vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna oru vaanijya paripaadiyaaya compass aanu.ezz. oru prathi oru residivist aakanulla saadhyatha vilayiruthunathinulla kodathikal. prograaminodu prathikalude vamshangalekkurichu paranjittillengilum, karutha prathikalude compass-assaind residivism risk level vella prathikalekkaal amithamaayi kanakkakkaan saadhyatha kooduthalaanennu propublica avakaashappedunnu.
pakshapaathatthinu irayaakunna janangalkk thulyatha urappakkaanulla nadapadikal sweekarikkaathe niravadhi mapping nadathumbol aarogya ikvitti prasnangal vashalakaam. ikvitti aaplikkeshan praathinidyavum upayogavum urappaakkunnathin ikvitti kendreekritha upakaranangalum niyanthranangalum nilavil illa. credit rating, sivi screening, niyamanam, pothu bhavanangalkkayulla apekshakal ennivaykkaayi iai upayogikkumbol algoritam pakshapaatham anyayamaaya phalangalilekku nayikkunna mattu udaaharanangalaan.
2022-leeii dakshina koriyayile siyolile association phoor computing meshinari, athinte 2022-leeii konfaransil, nishpakshatha, utharavaaditham, suthaaryatha (acm bhagam 2022) ennivayil, iai, robotics samvidaanangal pakshapathaparamaaya thettukalil ninnu mukthamaanennu theliyikkunnathuvare avaa surakshitamallennum thettaaya internettu daattayude vishalavum aniyantrithavumaaya srothassukalil pariseelanam labhicha svayam patana neural nettvarkkukalude upayogam kuraykkanamennum shupaarsha cheiyunna kandethalukal avatharippikkukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu.
asthithvaparamaaya apakadasaadhyatha.
manushyaraashikk thirichedukkaanaavaathavim athinte niyanthranam nashtappedumenna tharatthil aii valare shakthamaakumenn vaadikkappettittundu. bhauthikashaasthranjanaaya steefan hocking parayunnathupole, "manushyaraashiyude anthyam" ennu ithu ucharikkaam. thathwachinthakanaaya nick bostrom parayunnathanusarichu, mathiyaya budhiyulla oru aiykku "eathaandu" eathu lakshythinum, eee lakshyangal mikacha reethiyil kaivarikkunnathinulla idanilakkaaran enna nilayil adachupoottunnathil ninnu svayam samrakshikkanum kooduthal vibhavangal nedaanum upakaranaparamayi prothsaahippikkunnu. oru vipulamaaya aii apakadakaramaakunnathinu vikaaramo vikaarangalo aavasyamilla. manushyaraashikkaayi surakshithamayirikkaan, oru suuppar intelligence manushyaraashiyude dhaarmikathayodum moolyangalodum aathmaarthamaayi yojikkendathundu, angane athu "adisthaanaparamaayi nammude pakshathaanu". rashtreeya shaasthranjanaaya chaals tii. mathiyaya purogathiyulla eathoru kaarunyavum dushtathayil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyaathathaakaam" ennu vaadicha rubin, budhiparamaaya yanthrangal swathave nammodu anukoolamaayi perumaarumenn namukk aathmavishwaasam undaakaruthenn munnariyipp nalki.
vidagtharkkum vyavasaayathile akathullavarkkum edayilulla abhipraayangal sammisramaanu, ganyamaaya bhinnasamkhyakal aathyanthikamayi suuppar intalijant ayiyil ninnulla apakadasaadhyathayekkurich aashankaakulavum aashankappedaathathumaanu. steefan hocking, bill gates, eloon musk thudangiya vyakthikal ayiyil ninnulla asthithvaparamaaya apakadathekkurichu aashanka prakadippichittundu. 2023-ll jiophree hinton, yoshuva benjio, demis husbys, saam altman ennivarulppedeyulla ayiyude pioneermaar samyuktha prasthavana puratthirakki, "pakarchavyaadhikal, aanavayudham thudangiya mattu saamoohika apakadasaadhyathakalkkoppam ayiyil ninnulla vamshanashasaadhyatha laghookarikkunnathinum aagola munganana nalkanam"; yaan lekun polulla mattullavar ithu adisthaanarahithamaanennu kanakkakkunnu. artificial intelligence athinte nilavile roopathil sahayakaramaanennum manushyare sahaayikkunnath thudarumennum maarkk suckerberg prasthaavichu. chila vidagdhar vaadikkunnathu, bhaviyil apakadasadhyathakal valare akaleyaayirikkumenno allengil oru suuppar intalijant mesheente veekshanakonil ninnu manushyar vilappettavaraayirikkumanu aanu. rodney brooks, prathyekichu, 2014-ll "dushta" aii ippozhum noottaandukal akaleyaanennu paranju.
pakarppavakasham.
saadhyamaayathra valia oru daattaasett prayojanappeduthunnathi, chithrangal allengil computer coode polulla domainukal ulppede licencillatha pakarppavakashamulla srishtikalil generative iai palappozhum parisheelippikkappedunnu; thudarnnu outtputtu "nyayamaaya upayogam" enna yuktikku keezhil upayogikkunnu. eee yukthi ethratholam nannayi, eathu saahacharyangalil, kodathikalil nilanilkkum ennathinekkurichu vidagdhar viyojikkunnu; prasakthamaaya gadakangalil "pakarppavakashamulla srishtiyude upayogathinte uddeshyavum swabhaavavum", "pakarppavakashamulla srishtiyude saadhyathayulla vipaniyil cheluthunna swaadheenam" enniva ulppedaam.
dhaarmika yanthrangal.
apakadasadhyathakal kuraykkunnathinum manushyarkk prayojanam cheiyunna thiranjeduppukal nadathunnathinum thudakkam muthal roopakalppana cheytha yanthrangalaan frondly iai. souhrudaparamaaya iai vikasippikkunnath uyarnna gaveshana mungananayaayirikkanamenn eee padam srishticha eliyesar yudkovsky vaadikkunnu ithinu oru valia nikshepam aavashyamaayi vannekkaam, iai oru asthithvaparamaaya apakadasaadhyathayaayi maarunnathin munbu ithu poortthiyaakkanam.
budhiyulla yanthrangalkk dhaarmika theerumaanangal edukkaan avarude budhishakthi upayogikkaan kazhiyum. yanthra dhaarmmikathayude mekhala dhaarmika prashnangale pariharikkunnathinulla dhaarmika thathwangalum nadapadikramangalum yanthrangalkk nalkunnu.
yanthra dhaarmmikathayude mekhalaye computational dhaarmikatha ennum vilikkunnu.
2005ll oru aaii simposiyathilaanu ithu sthaapithamaayathu.
wendell vaalakkinte "krithrima dhaarmika ejantumaar" mattu sameepanagalil ulppedunnu."
stuvartt jeey. theliyikkaavunna vidhathil prayojanakaramaaya yanthrangal vikasippikkunnathinulla rassalinte moonnu thathwangal.
niyanthranam.
artificial intelligence (iai) prolsaahippikkunnathum niyanthrikkunnathinumal pothumekhalaa nayangaludeyum niyamangaludeyum vikasanamaan artificial intalijansinte niyanthranam; athinaal ithu algorithangalude vishalamaaya niyanthranavumayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
eiii. aii. yude niyanthranavum nayaparavumaaya bhooprakrithi aagolathalathil adikaaraparidhiyil uyarnnuvarunna oru prasnamaanu. staanfordile iai soochika anusarichu, 127 sarway rajyangalil pasakia aiyumaayi bandhapetta niyamangalude vaarshika ennam 2016 ll paasakkiyathil ninnu 2022 ll maathram 37 aayi uyarnnu.
2016num 2020num idayil 30ladhikam rajyangal aiykkaayi samarppita thanthrangal sweekarichu.
canada, chaina, india, jappan, moureeshyas, russian federation, soudi arebia, yunaittad arab emirates, us, vietnaam thudangiya mikka europian union amgaraajyangalum deseeya iai thanthrangal purathirakkiyirunnu. mattullavar bangladesh, maleshya, tunisia ennivayulppede avarude swantham iai thanthram vishadeekarikkunna prakriyayilaayirunnu.
saankethikavidyayil pothujanangalude aathmavishwaasavum vishwaasavum urappaakkunnathin manushyaavakaashangalkkum janaadhipathya moolyangalkkum anusrithamaayi iai vikasippikkendathinte aavasyakatha prasthaavichu 2020 joonilaanu artificial intalijansinekkurichulla aagola pankaalittham aarambhichath. henry kissinger, eric shmidt, daniel huttenlocher ennivar 2021 novemberil oru samyuktha prasthavana prasidheekarichu, iai niyantrikkaan oru sarkkar kammeeshane aavasyappettu. 2023ll ooppanai nethaakkal suuppar intelligence bharanathinulla shupaarshakal prasidheekarichu, athu 10 varshathinullil sambhavikkumennu avar vishwasikkunnu.
2022 leeii oru ipos sarveyil, aiyodulla manobhaavam raajyathinanusarichu valareyadhikam vyathyaasappettirikkunnu; 78 sathamaanam chainees pouranmaarum, ennaal 35 sathamaanam amerikkakkarum maathramaan "aii upayogikkunna ulppannangalkkum sevanangalkkum poraaymakalekkaal kooduthal nettangalundu" ennu sammathichathu. 2023 leeii oru ruters/ipsos sarveyil 61 sathamaanam amerikkakkarum 22 sathamaanam perum aii manushyarashikkulla apakadasaadhyathayaan ennu sammathikkunnuvennum abhipraayamillennum kandethi. 2023leeii phoox nyoos poolil 35 sathamaanam amerikkakkarum ithu valare pradhaanamaanennu karuthukayum, federal gavanmentinu iai niyanthrikkunnath "kurachu pradhaanamaanennu" mattoru 41 sathamaanam perum karuthukayum, 13 sathamaanam perr "valare pradhaanamalla" ennum 8 sathamaanam perr "ottum pradhaanamalla" ennum prathikarikkukayum cheythu.
fictionil.
chinthikkaan kazhivulla krithrima jeevikal purathana kaalam muthal kathaparayaanulla upakaranangalayi prathyakshappettittundu.
koodaathe sayans fictionil oru sthiramaaya vishayamaan.
eee kruthikalile oru pothu trope merii shelliyude "fraankanstain" ll aarambhichu, avide oru manushya srishti athinte yajamaananmaarkk bheeshaniyaakunnu. ithil "discovery vann" bahirakasha pedakatthinte chumatala vahikkunna kolayali computer, "dhii terminator" (1984), "dhii matricks" (1999) thudangiya "(randum 1968)", "haal 9000" enniva ulppedunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, "bhoomi nischalamaayi nilkkunna divasam" (1951) muthalulla gort, "anyagrahajeevikalil" ninnulla bishop (1986) thudangiya apoorva vishwastha robottukal janapriya samskaarathil kuravaanu.
isak asimov roboticsinte moonnu niyamangal niravadhi pusthakangalilum kathakalilum avatharippichu, prathyekichu athe perilulla oru suuppar-intalijant kambyoottarinekkurichu "multiwack" seerees. mesheen dhaarmikathayekkurichulla saadhaarana charchakalil asimovinte niyamangal palappozhum uyarnnuvarunnu.
mikkavarum ellah artificial intelligence gaveshakarkkum janapriya samskaarathiloode asimovinte niyamangal parichithamaanenkilum, avar pothuve pala kaaranangalal niyamangal upayogashoonyamaanennu kanakkakkunnu, athilonnaanu avarude avyakthatha.
anubhavappedaanum angane kashtappedaanumulla kazhivulla krithrima jeevikale kaanikkunna, namme manushyaraakkunnath enthaanenna adisthaana chodyathe neridaan namme nirbandhikkaan niravadhi kruthikal aii upayogikkunnu. ithu carrell chaapekkinte "aarr" ll kaanapedunnu.yuu.aarr."dhii philims" eiii.aii. artificial intelligence, ex mesheena ennivayum athupole thanne androids electric sheeppine swapnam kaanunnundo?", philipp keey. dick. manushyante aathmanishtathayekkurichulla nammude dhaarana krithrimabudhi upayogichu srishtikkappetta saankethikavidyayaal maarunnu enna ashayam dick pariganikkunnu.
paraamarshangal.
eiii. aii. paatapusthakangal.
2023ll ettavum kooduthal upayogicha rund paatapusthakangal. (thuranna syllabus kaanuka). 
2008ll ettavum kooduthal upayogicha naalu iai paatapusthakangal ivayaanu
pinneedulla pathippukal.

