opera-naashanal

paareesile rund praadhamika franch ooppara kambanikalaaya opera, opera-comic ennivaykku pakaramaayi franch samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya adolph aadam 1847 ll sthaapicha oru paareeshyan ooppara kambaniyaanu opera-naashanal. puthiya compositional prathibhakale valarthuka, munkaalakhattatthil ninnu operas komikkukal punarujeevippikkuka, vishalamaaya pothujanangalkkayi kuranja ticket vilaykk ooppara nirmmikkuka ennivayaayirunnu puthiya kambaniyude lakshyangal.
paareesile oru thozhilaallivarga jillayile boulivaard duu kshethrathil thaarathamyena valia sirkk olimbiksil kambani aadyamaayi prakadanam nadatthi. saambathika budhimuttukalum 23nuu viplavathinte prakshubdhathayum aaa varsham maarchil kambani adachupoottaan kaaranamaayi. 1851-ll edmund seveste enna puthiya directorude keezhil, bollyward duu kshethrathil ninnu kurachu akaleyulla thiyettar histarikkilekku maariyappol ithu punarujjeevippikkappedu. 1852ll kambani theattar lyric ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappedukayum 1872 vare aaa peril pravartthikkukayum cheythu.
pashchaathalam.
1791-ll franch viplavakaalath theaterukalkkulla niravadhi niyanthranangal neekkam cheythu. puthiya niyamangal arcum thiyettar thurakkaan anuvadichu. developermaar niravadhi puthiya theaterukal sthaapikkukayum sarkkar sponsor cheytha theaterukal ulppede arcum panam sambaadikkunnathu kooduthal budhimuttaavukayum cheythu. 1806 juun juun nepolian puthiya theaterukal thurakkunnathu niyanthrikkunna oru utharavu purappeduvichu. aabhyantharamanthri thayyarakki samarppicha nirddeshathinte adisthaanathil chakravartthiyude anumathiyillathe arcum oru thiyettar thurakkaan kazhiyilla. 1807 epril epril addeham oro thiyettarilum anuvadaneeyamaaya vibhagangal nirnnayikkunna randaamathethum kooduthal vikasippichathumaya oru utharavu pasaki. sarkkar pinthunayulla opera, komadi-franchisee, allengil opera-comic ennivayude reperteryil oru kruthi avatharippikkan aagrahikkunna eathoru theaterum uchithamaaya kambaniyude maanejmentinu phees nalkendivannu. koodaathe, operaykku maathrame prathyeka charitraparavum puranaparavumaaya baale avatharippikkan kazhiyoo, angane niravadhi kambanikale, prathyekichu thiyettar dii laa porte-seyint-martin, bhaaramaayi.
eee nadapadikal undaayirunnittum, sthithigathikal vashalaakunnath thudarukayum 1807 juulai 29 nuu ettu theaterukal (naalu primery, naalu secondary) maathrame pravarthippikkaan kazhiyoo ennu nepolian theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. opera, comedy-francise, opera-comic, thiyettar dii ell 'imperatris (thiyettar-itaaliyan) ennivayaayirunnu praadhamika theaterukal. voudevil, dhii variates, gaitt, dhii ambigu-comic ennivayaayirunnu naalu secondary theaterukal. nilavilulla mattu irupathiyancho athiladhikamo theaterukal august 15 nakam adaykkendivannu. franch bhasha oopparayude prakadanatthinulla vedikal randaayi churukki opera, opera-comic.
neppoliyante pathanathinushesham puthiya theaterukalkkulla licensukal vardhikkaan thudangi, koodaathe vibhaagathilulla niyanthranangal nadappaakkunnathu elavu cheyyaan thudangi. audyogika sensarukalkku inathekkaal ulladakkathil kooduthal shradhayundaayirunnu. "1820 muthal thiyettar duu jimnesil "opera comic" nalkappettu. 1824 muthal 1829 vare rossini 's ill barbier dii siviglia ", mosaarttinte" leeii nosse dii figaro "," doonn jiovanni "thudangiya oopparakal thiyettar lyric dii ell oodiyoonil nirmikkappettu. 1827 muthal 1831 vare opera-comic, rosini, mosart ennivayude franch pathippukal thiyettar dess novauttil avatharippichu. 1830 leeii juulai viplavathinushesham, niyanthranangal kooduthal laghookarikkappedukayum 1838 muthal donisettiyude "lucie dii lammermoor" (addehathinte "lucia dii lammermoor" enna franch pathipp) premiier ulppede "operas-komikal", oopparakal enniva theattar dii laa renicencil avatharippikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee theaterukalil aarum oopparakal maathramaayi avatharippichilla. vaasthavathil, ooppara avarude reperteryude valare cheria bhaagathe prathinidheekarichu. mathramalla, eee sramangalellaam hraswakaala shramangalaayirunnu. randaamathethu 1841 madhyathil parajayappettu.
1842 meyy 14-nuu thanne hector berlios, ambroise thomas, adolph aadam ennivarulppede niravadhi sangeethanjjar paareesil oru sthiramaaya moonnaamathe ooppara house srishtikkaan bharanaparamaya adhikaarikalkk apeksha nalki. oru kammeeshan sthaapikkukayum augustode oru puthiya theaterinulla padhathikal prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. ennaal october februvari harji nirasikkapettu. 1844 septambaril prix dii romile vijayikal randaamathe nivedanam samarppichu, cheruppakkaarum ariyappedaathavarumaaya samgeethasamvidhaayakarudeyum librettistukaludeyum kruthikalkkaayi oru puthiya gaanarachanalayam sthaapikkanamennu abhyarthichu. eee harjee thallappettu. oduvil, 1847-ll, moonnaamathe shramathil, adolph aadam enna oru samgeethasamvidhaayakan vijayichu.
adolph aadaaminu keezhil sirkk olimbiksil (1847-1848).
1847-ll adolph aadam, thante suhruthu francois luis krosniyarinte sahaayathode-opera-komikkinte muun director theattar dii laa porte seyint-maarttinte ippozhathe manejar-opera-naashanal thurakkaan licenses nedi. munbu opera-komikkinte repertariyil undaayirunna thante pala kruthikalum avatharippikkan licenses aadaamine anuvadichu. franch oopparaye vishalamaaya pothujanangalilekku konduvarikayum cheruppakkaarum susthaapitharamallaathavaram franch samgeethajnjarkku oru prakadana vedhi nalkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu puthiya kambaniyude prakhyapitha lakshyangal. porte seyint-martinile crosnier thiyettar upayogikkaan aadam aadyam uddeshichirunnuvenkilum mattullavarkk aaa thiyettar vaadakaykku nalkunnathu saambathikamaayi kooduthal prathiphaladaayakamaanennu crosnier kandethi.
aadaminu mattoru vedhi kandethendivannu. kayyilulla licenses achille mirekkorumaayulla pankaalitthavum upayogichu addeham sirkk olimbiku (66 boulivaard duu temple) 1,400,000 frankukalkku nedi. oru indor kuthirasavaari sarkkas aayi (britiish impressario philipp astley sthaapicha) thiyettar roopakalppana cheythirunnu. 200, 000 frank chelavil, aarkkitekt luis chaals theodor chaarpentiyar ithu naveekarikkukayum oru ooppara hausaayi upayogikkunnathinaayi maattukayum cheythu. 2400 perkku irikkaavunna sheshi ullathinaal asaadhaaranamaamvidham valuthayirunnathinaal shabdashaasthram anuyojyamaayathinekkaal kuravaayirunnuvenkilum vedhi audittoriyathilekku uyarthippidichathu gayakarkk sahayakamaayirunnu.
1847 november 15 nuu oru sangeetha prasamgathodum ("less premiyezhs paas ooo less dukes jenees") 3 aakt oopparayaaya "gastibelsa" yude premiarode koodi thiyettar thurannu."adolph dii 'ennari, yujeen cormon ennivarude oru librettoyum aime mailartinte samgeethavum oopparayil undaayirunnu. aadam, danielle ouber, fromtal halivi, mishel karafa ennivarude samgeethamulla oru paasttishe, aalphons royer gustav wasses chernnu rachicha oru libretto ennivayil paareesil ninnu toorukalilekkulla puthiya reyilveyekkurichum (akkaalathe oru saankethika athbhutham) "boulivaard duu crime" (boulivaard duu tempilinte vilipperu, avide sthithicheyyunna pala theaterukalilum nadanna sensational kuttakrithyangalekkurichu niravadhi melodramakalkku) paraamarshangal valare samaantharamaayirunnu.
thudarnnulla aadyakaala nirmmanangalil iva ulppedunnu
kambanikku thudakkam muthal thanne saambathika budhimuttukalundaayirunu, athinte kalaparamaaya nettam valare kuravaayirunnu. "1848 januvari 22-leeii "sangeetha lokam" oru prakadanam "athu nadappilaakkiya veruppulavaakkunna shaili kaaranam oru sharashari vijayam nediyengilum" ennu ezhuthi, "gayakar bhayankararaayirunnu, itaaliyansile pole thanne corus moshamaayirunnu, opera komikkilullathinekkaal moshamaayirunnu; oorkkastra durbalav parukkan aayirunnu."
1848 februvari februvari 23nuu viplavam pottippurappettathode kooduthal prasnangal udaleduthu. prakshubdhatha ellah thiyettarukalum divasangalolam adachupoottaan nirbandhithamaayi. parikkettavarude paricharanatthinaayi prarambha raseethukal sambhavana cheiyunnathaayirunnu veendum thurakkunnathinulla oru vyavastha. march 6 nuu aadaaminte kambani 1-aakt "less baarikkedukal dii 1848" (edward brisberudeyum seyint-vaivsinteyum libretto; pilattiyudeyum yujeen gauttiyarinteyum samgeetham) pradharshippichu. ellah thiyettarukalum samanamaaya desasnehaparamaaya idaykkide kruthikal avatharippikkukayaayirunnu, paripaadiyil herveyude 1-aakt "doonn kvichotte ettu sancho pansa" ulppedunnundengilum, pinneedu rainaldo hahn "aprathirodhyamaya bafoonary" ennu visheshippichu, prekshakar viralamaayirunnu. aadam taamasiyaathe thante panatthinte srothassukal theerthu. vann kadabaadhyathayethudarnnu 1848 march februvari addeham thiyettar adachupoottukayum ooppara director sthaanathu ninnu viramikkukayum cheythu.
edmont sevesttinte (1851-1852) keezhil thiyettar historikkilaanu.
1851-ll opera-naashanal punarujeevippikkukayum meyy 1-nuu edmund sevesteye director niyamikkukayum cheythu. juulai avasaanathode addeham theattar historikkinaayi (72 boulivaard duu temple) oru paattatthinu eduthirunnu. naadakakrithaaya alexander dumas nirmmicha thiyettar 1847 februvari 20 nuu thurakkukayum 1850 desember 20 nuu adachupoottukayum upayogashoonyamaayi thudarukayum cheythu. theaterilekkulla praveshana kavaadam neelamullathum idungiyathumaaya oru westibule aayirunnu, mattu rund kettidangalkkidayil njekkippidichathum ettu meter maathram veethiyullathumaaya oru mukhamudrayaayirunnu. pinvashathu sthithi cheiyunna audittoriyathinu asaadhaaranamaaya veethiyum (20 meter) 16 meter maathram aazhavumundaayirunnu. ithinu 1500-1700 enna prekshaka sheshiyundaayirunnu, koodaathe oopparaykku mikacha shabdashaasthramundennu karuthappettu.
theaterinu athinte puthiya aavashyathinaayi kuranja naveekaranangal aavasyamaanu vellayudeyum svarnnathinteyum puthiya peyint, chila furnitureukal, aagast roob varacha oru drope curton. naalu mezhukuthirikal steju boxukalude nirakalil kettukayum corneyilinteyum moliyarinteyum basttukalkk pakaram gluck, lillie enniva sthaapikkukayum cheythu. vebarinte prathimayodukoodiya oru valia piano foyarinullil sthaapichu. dumakalude charitraparamaaya naadakangalil kuthirakalkkayi upayogichirunna charakkukal samgeethajnjarude haritamuriyaakki maattunnath ulppede chila anubandha edangalil gadanaaparamaaya mattangal varuthi.
thiyettarinte punny nadannukondirikkumbol, salle ventadoril rehersalukal nadannu. draamaasinte keezhil thiyettar historikkile oorkkastra nadatthiya aalphons warney puthuthayi punarujjeevippicha opera-naashanalinte kandakdaraayi niyamichirunnu. vivaahanischayam nadatthiya gaayakaril baaritton auguste mailot, addehathinte bhaarya, soprano maari-stephaani mailot ("nee" mayer), baas marsell janka enniva shradheyamaayirunnu.
"chaarjukal kuraykkuka".
kambaniyude puthiya "kier dess chaarjukal" (licenses) udaaramaayirunnu. athu samsaarikkunna sambhaashanangalodeyo ("opera comic") allengil aalapicha paaraayanathodeyo gadyathodeyo padyathodeyo baalukalodoppamo allaatheyo puthiya franch oopparakalkku ahvaanam cheythu. orotta samgeethasamvidhaayakanu oru seasonil aaril kooduthal puthiya prakadanangal avatharippikkan kazhiyilla (kruthikalekkaal kruthikal kanakkakkappettu). award labhichu rund varsham vare prix dii roome vijayikalkk munganana nalkanam. koodaathe, rund vivarthanam cheyyappetta videsha kruthikalum, premiyarinu patthu varshathinu sesham franch kruthikalum, rund varshathinide avatharippicha puthiya kruthikalude 33 sathamaanathil kaviyaathidatholam kaalam pothusanchayathilulla ethra kruthikalum anuvadichu. svanthamaayi oru repertery sthaapikkaan kambaniye prolsaahippikkunnathi ithinakam nirmmicha eathoru srishtiyum punarujjeevippikkaan kambanikku avakashamundaayirunnu. 1864 nuu munbu kambanikku samsthaana subsidy labhikkathathinaal, janapriyavum sthaapithavumaaya pravartthanangalude punarujjeevanangal athinte saambathika nilanilppin nirnaayakamaayirunnu.
aadya season udghaadanavum.
myoositta laa sourcier" enna peril seviyar boislottinte samgeethathodukoodiya 3-aakt opera-komikkinte premiyarode 1851 septambar septambar puthiya ooppara house thurannu. yujeen ezhuthukaari, gustav vaas ennivarudethaanu libretto. prakadanam avalokanam cheytha hector berlios, boiselottinte samgeethavumaayi prathyekamaayi edukkappettilla, marichu korasinu uyarnna maarkk nalki. warney nadatthiya oorkkastraye "monittoor yoonivezhsal" cheruppavum oorjjaswalavumaayi prashamsichu. aaa varsham aake 21 thavana ooppara avatharippikkappettenkum adutha thavana 4 thavana maathramaan. adutha ratri boiselottinte puthiya oopparaykku sesham "leeii barbier dii seville" (rossininte "ill barbier dii siviglia" yude kaastil-blaze rachicha oru franch pathipp), ferdinando perinte "leeii maitter dii chaappal" enniva kooduthal vishwasaneeyamaaya panamundaakkunnavayaayirunnu. aadyathethu kambani motham 126 thavanayum randaamathethu 182 thavanayum avatharippichu. vaasthavathil ithu kambaniyude charithratthil pinneedu oru maathrkayaayi maarukayayirunnu janapriya videsha kruthikalude niravadhi franch bhasha punarujjeevanangalil idaykkide puthiya oopparakal.
orupakshe aadya seasonile ettavum vijayakaramaya puthiya franch kruthi november 22 nuu aadyamaayi avatharippicha felician davidinte "laa perle duu brazeel" aayirunnu. nirmmaanam nissaaramaayirunnillengum (berlios report cheythath "chilappol nallathum palappozhum moshavum mothatthil samgeethasamvidhaayakanu cheria nettavumundaakkum"), ennirunnaalum aaa varsham avasaanathinu munbu 17 prakadanangalum aduthathu 47 umm kambani motham 144 umm nedi.
1852-ll adolph aadam rachicha "laa poupee dii neuremberg" enna otta-aakt opera-comic enna mattoru avismaraneeyamaaya puthiya kruthi konduvannu, aaa varsham februvari 21-nuu 47 prakadanangalum kambaniyude motham 98 prakadanangalum pradharshippichu. februvari februvari edmund sevesteyude maranathode athinte vijayam oru paridhivare kalankappeduthi. addehathinte sahodaran jools sevest thaalkkaalika director, meyy 1 nuu tainer gilbert dupress ulppede 20 apekshakaril ninnu audyogikamaayi eee thasthikayilekku niyamikkapettu. adutha puthiya nirmmaanam dupressinte 3-aakt ooppara "jonitta" (addehathinte munkaala "ell 'abime dii laa maladetta" yude oru punaravalokanam) aayirunnu, ithu march 11 nuu aarambikkukayum addehathinte makal soprano carolin dupress avatharippikkukayum cheythu, addeham ithinakam thanne srishtichirunnu.
epril 12 nuu, jonittayude 15 prakadanangalude hraswa oottathil, kambaniyude peru theattar lyric ennu maattaan maanejment theerumaanichu. hajar vegathil kurayunnathinaal, epril 23 nuu rossini ezhuthiya "laa gassa ladra" yude kaastil-blaze pathippaya "laa paii volues" "jonitta" enna chithrathinu pakaram vannu. ennirunnaalum, season eathaandu avasaanichathinaal avar athu ezhu thavana maathrame kalichittulloo. septambar avasaanam muthal epril avasaanam vare season neenduninnirunnu, pilkkala seasonukalil aavarthikkunna oru maathruka, ithu saadhaaranayaayi septambar muthal october aadyam muthal meyy vare allengil chilappol venalkkaalam vare polum neenduninnu. adutha varshathekku 50,000 frank samsthaana subsidy jools seveste aavasyappettenkilum athu valare vaikiyirunnu; bajatt ithinakam anthimaroopam nalkiyirunnu. koodaathe, conductor aalphons warney thante sthaanam raajivachu ghentilekku pooyi, athinaal addehathinu rachanaykk kooduthal samayam labikkum. addehathinu pakaram addehathinte asisttant kandakdaraaya august francis plaasettine niyamichu, aduthide landanil ninnu paareesilekk madangiyethiya vayalinist adolph delophre asisttant kandakdaraayi niyamichu.

