
cambisus II

bii. sii. 530 muthal 522 vare achemenid saamraajyathile rajaakkanmaarude randaamathe rajaavaayirunnu cambisus randaaman. addeham siras dhii grettinte makan pingami amma cassendan aayirunnu.
adhikaaramelkkunnathinu munbu, bii. sii. epril muthal 538 desember vare pithaavinte keezhil vadakkan babyloniayude govarnoraayi cambisus hrasvamaayi sevanamanushtichittundu. bii. sii. 530ll pithaav sahabharanam vahikkunnathinumbu addeham baabilon, sipar ennee babylonian nagarangalil thaamasichu. addehathinte pithaav pinneedu madhya eshyayile koottakkolakalkkethire oru paryaveshanathinu purappettu, avide addeham anthyam kandu. angane report cheyyappetta athirppukalonnum abhimukeekarikkaathe cambisus vishalamaaya achemenid saamraajyathinte eaka bharanadhikaariyaayi.
bii. sii. 525-ll pelooshyam yudhathil eejipt faravo samtik III () neey paraajayappedutthiya sesham addeham keezhadakkiya vadakkan aafrikkayile, prathyekichu eejipthile, addehathinte hrasvamaaya bharanathe addeham adayaalappeduthi. eejiptil svayam sthaapicha sesham, sirenike pidichadakkal ulppede aafrikkayile saamraajyathinte kaivashangal addeham vipuleekarichu. bii. sii. 522 leeii vasanthakaalath pershyayile oru kalaapathe neridaan cambisus thidukkathil eejipt vittu. 
syriayil (eber-naari) yaathraamadhye addehathinu thudayil murivu sambhavichu, athu taamasiyaathe gangreen baadhichu. moonnaazhchaykku sesham aadhunika hamaa nagaramaya agbadana enna sthalathu cambisus marichu. addeham makkalillaathe marichu, angane addehathinte ilaya sahodaran bardia adhikaaramettu, addeham darius dhii grettu () attimarikkunnathin munbu oru hraswakaalathekku bharichu, addeham akkeemenidukalude shakti kooduthal vardhippichu.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
cambises" () enna perinte uthbhavam scholarshippil tharkkavishayamaan; chila pandithanmaarude abhipraayathil, eee peru elamite uthbhavamaan, mattullavar ithine vadakkupadinjaaran indiayil vasichirunna iranian janathayaya kambojakalumaayi bandhappeduthunnu. mattu bhashakalil kaambisasinte peru ariyappedunnathu elamite "canbusia"; acadian "kambusia"; aramic "kanbusi" ennaanu.
pashchaathalam.
siras dhii grettinteyum () cassandaininteyum mootha makanaayirunnu cambisus. cambisasinu bardia enna oru ilaya sahodaran aarttiston, attosa, roxon ennee moonnu sahodarimaarum undaayirunnu. bii. sii. 600 muthal 559 vare persis rajaavaayirunna addehathinte perilulla cambises onnamanaayirunnu kaambisesinte pithrupithaavu. pershyan gothrangalile bharanaadhikaarikalude oru nirayil ninnulla eee kudumbam, sairasil ninnu aarambhich persil thangalude vyaapthi vyaapippikkukayum madhya saamrajyam, navaa-babylonian saamrajyam, lydia, madhya eshya enniva keezhadakkukayum angane achemenid saamrajyam sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
bii. sii. 538 eprilil baabilon nagaram ulppede babyloniayude vadakkan bhaagatthinte govarnoraayi kaambisasine pithaav niyamichu, athesamayam madhya, thekkan bhagangal syrus addehathinte byoorokraattukalum nerittu melnottam vahichu. thante niyamanathinu munbu, bii. sii. 538 march 27-nuu pathivayi nadakkunna puthuvalsara utsavathil cambisus oru aachaarathil pankedutthirunnu, avide addehathinu marduk devanu samarppichirikkunna shethramaaya esaagilayil rajakeeya chenkolu labhichu. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte govarnor padavi onpathu maasam maathrame neenduninnulloo; anjjaathamaaya kaaranangalal bii. sii. 538 desemberil siras addehathe sthaanathuninnu pirichuvittu. addehathe pirichuvittathinushesham, baabilon, sipar ennee babylonian nagarangalil cambisus kooduthalum thaamasichu. 
babylonian rekhakal anusarichu, bii. sii. yill cambisus syrus "baabilonile rajaavu, raajyangalude rajaavu" enna padavi vahichirunnu, ithu koottakkolakalkkethiraaya prachaaranatthinu kurachu varshangalkk munbu siras addehathe sahabharanam vahichathayi soochippikkunnu. sirasinte ilaya makan bardiaykku madhyeshyayil swantham raajyam nalkappettu, athu kappam nalkunnathil ninnu ozhivaakkappettu. campisess massaajettaykkethiraaya paryaveshanatthil pankedutthathaayi reportund, ennaal, simhaasanathinte anantharaavakaashiyaayathinaal, siras massaajettayilekk veezhunnathinu munbu addehathe pershyayilekku thirichayachu. pithaavinte mrithadeham persisile pasargadeyilekku kondupoyi, avide addehathinaayi neratthe thayyarakkiya oru shavakudeerathil samskarichu.
sainika prachaaranangal.
eejipthinethireyum cypress keezhadakkunnathinum vendiyulla thayyaareduppukal.
achemenid simhaasanathilekkulla kaambisasinte praveshanam thaarathamyena sugamamayirunnu. vishalavum ennaal cheruppavumaaya oru saamrajyam bharicha cambisus keezhadakkiya deshangalude mail thante adikaaram nilanirthukayum, sameepa kizhakk avasaanathe pramukha sakthiyaaya eejiptil thante aadhipathyam vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu. franch iraanolajist piyari briyant parayunnathanusarichu, "ithu janavaasamulla lokathe muzhuvan pidichedukkaanulla yuktirahithavum aniyantrithavumaaya aagrahamaayi kaanaruth". neremarichu, babylonia trans-euphrates (posidium muthal eejipt vare vyaapichukidakkunna pradesham) pradesangalumaayi ekeekarikkaan aagrahicha pithaav kaambisasinte nadapadi ithinakam aasoothranam cheythirunnu. ithinu oduvil euphratesinum nailinum edayilulla bhoomi keezhadakkendivarum, athinaal eee pradeshathu munbum aduthide thaalparyam prakadippichirunna eejipthumaayi samgharsham aavashyamaayi vannu. 
570 muthal bharichirunna eejipthile nilavile faravo amassis randaamanaayirunnu. addehathinte sakhyakakshiyaya samosile greak bharanadhikaariyaaya polycretes achemenidukalkku ganyamaaya bheeshani uyarthukayum achemenid adhikaarathe apakadatthilaakkunna niravadhi reydukal nadathukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, polycretes oduvil thante eejipshyan sakhyakakshikale upekshichu, cambisasumaayi bandhapettu, avarude padhathikal addehathinu nannayi parichithamaayirunnu. addehathinte aswasthamaaya nilapad, spartenmaar addehathinethire oru shakti uyarthiyathukondu, eejipthumaayulla pankaalittham eshtappedunna chila samian prabhukkanmaarude vardhichuvarunna sathrutha enniva addehathinte sakhyangalude pettennulla maattam kaaranamaayirunnu ennathil samshayamilla. amassis randaamante mattoru muun sakhyakakshiyaya carrian sainika nethaavaaya haalikaarnaassile fanus faravo ayacha kolayaalikalil ninnu rakshapetta sesham cambisasilekku chernnirunnu. egypthilekkulla thante paryavekshanam aarambhikkunnathin munbu cambisus amassis randaamanil ninnu cypress pidichedutthirunnu, ithu randaamathethinu kanatha praharamaanennu reportund.
eejipt athinte chuttupaadukalum keezhadakkuka.
bii. sii. 526 aayappozhekkum amassis randaaman marikkukayum addehathinte makan saamthik moonnaaman addehathinte pingamiyaavukayum eejipthinte sthaanam durbalappeduthukayum cheythu. athinidayil, cambisus thante sainyathinaayi ganyamaaya thayyaareduppukal nadathiyirunnu. eejipt keezhadakkanulla addehathinte abhilaashangalkk nirnayakamaaya pershyan naavikasenaykku addeham adisthaanaparamaayi aditharayittu. phoeneeshya, eshya minor ennividangalil ninnulla aalukalum upakaranangalum upayogichaanu naavikasena roopeekarichathu. egypthilekkulla yaathraykkide, kaasaykkum eejipshyan athirthikkum edayilulla marubhoomi pradeshathe niyanthrikkunna arabikalumaayi cambisus oru udambadi undaakki. eee udambadi cambisasinu thante sainyathin nail nadiyiletthaan mathiyaya vellam nalki. lydiayile saardikalkku thulyamaaya oru pramukha vaanijya pradeshamaaya ghaza ulppede eejiptinum pershyaykkum edayilulla anadhikritha bhoomiyil thante adikaaram vyaapippikkaan ithu cambisasinu vazhiyorukki. egypthilekkulla pershyan paryaveshanatthinte aasthaanamaayi eee pradesham pravarthichu. 
bii. sii. 525ll cambisus oduvil eejipt aakramichu. aaa varshathe vasanthakaalath pershyan, eejipshyan sainyam pelooshyatthil ettumutti, avide pershyakkaar vijayichu. oru ezhuthukaaran parayunnathanusarichu, eejipthukar vishudhamaayi kanakkakkiya poochakal, aadukal, naaykkal, mattu mrugangal ennivaye munnirayil nirtthikkondu eejipthukaare paraajayappeduthaan cambisasinu kazhinju. ithu oru mrugathe kollumenna bhayavum daivangale prakopippikkumenna bhayavum moolam eejipthukar avarude yuddha enchinukal upayogikkunnathu nirthaan kaaranamaayi. kaambisasinte sainyam pinneedu moonnaaman saamthikkum addehathinte aalukalum svayam shakthippeduthiya memphisine uparodhichu. faravoyude sainyathinte ganyamaaya cheruthunilppu undaayirunnittum, cambisus memphis pidichedukkukayum avide oru pershyan-eejipshyan kaaval seena sthaapikkukayum cheythu. bii. sii. anchaam noottaandile greak charitrakaaranaaya herodotus uparodhathinte dairkhyam vyakthamakkiyittilla. venalkkaalamaayappozhekkum eejipt muzhuvan pershyan aadhipathyathin keezhilaayirunnu. padinjaaru (libia, sirenike), thekk (nubia) ennividangalile ayalraajyangale niyantrikkaan sramikkunnathil avasaanathe faravokalude abhilaashangal cambisus ippol sweekarichu.
kooduthal vijayangal.
libiakkaarum taamasiyaathe saireen, barca ennividangalile greekkukaarum kaambisasinte adikaaram manahpoorvvam amgeekarikkukayum avarude samarppanathinte thelivaayi cambisasinu vazhipaadukal ayaykkukayum cheythu. thante audaaryathinte prakadanamaayi, amassis randaamante greak vidhavayaya laadisine cambisus saireenilekk thirichayachu. phoeneeshyan janathayude swantham janangalkkethire yuddham cheyyaan visammathichathinal phoeneeshyan janathaykkethire oru paryaveshanam nadatthaan cambisus aadyam uddeshichirunnuvenkilum aathyanthikamayi athu nirthalaakkappettu. thekk, kush raajyam niyanthranathilaakkaan avasaanathe faravokalude athe nayam cambisus pinthudarukayum aanakkuttil oru kaaval seena sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
herodotus parayunnathanusarichu, siva oyaasisilum ethiopiayilum ammoninethiraaya kaambisasinte prachaaranangal vinaashakaramaayi avasaanichu. eee paraajayathinu pinnile kaaranam kaambisasinte "bhraanthaan" ennu addeham prasthaavikkunnu, "udan thanne edhiyopiyaykkethire thante march aarambhichu, saadhanangal nalkunnathinulla utharavukalonnumillaathe, oru nimisham polum thante aalukale bhoomiyude attathekku kondupokumenna vastutha pariganikkathe". ennirunnaalum, briyant parayunnathanusarichu, "kaambisasinethiraaya manahpoorvamaaya pakshapaatham herodotasinte pathippinte krithyathayekkurichu samshayam uyarthunnu."prachaaranatthinte thadassangal cambisasine pinmaran nirbandhitharaakkiyirikkaakkimam, herodotasinte prasthaavanaykk addehathinte senaykk oru duranthatthe soochippikkaatha mattu srothassukal virudhamaanu. eejipt bharichirunna kaalath achemenidukal dorginarty (buhannin thekk) enna kotta upayogichirunnathaayi puraavastu thelivukal soochippikkunnu.
eejipthile nayangal.
parambaraagatha eejipshyan rajakeeya aachaaramanusarich, cambisus "mukalileyum thaazheyumulla eejipthile rajaavu", "(devanmaarude) pingamikalaaya raa, hooras, osiris" ennee padavikal sweekarichu, muun eejipshyan faravokal ithu upayogichirunnu. thaddesheeya eejipthukaarumaayulla niyamaanusrithamaaya ekeekaranamaayi thante eejipshyan keezhadakkal kaanikkan cambisus pracharanam upayogichu, faravo apparikalude makalaaya naittis raajakumaariyude makanaanennu avakaashappedunna eejipshyan vamshajanaanennum addeham paranju. eejipthile devanmarkku yaagam cheiyunna oru mathaparamaya aachaarathinte bhaagamaayi neeth deviyude kshethrathil cambisus svayam kireedamaniyukayum cheythu.
purathana charithrakaaranmaarude abhipraayathil, eejipthile kaambisasinte bharanam krooratha, shethrangal kollayadikkal, praadeshika daivangale parihasikkal, rajakeeya shavakudeerangale ashudhamaakkuka ennivayaayirunnu. herodotasineppolulla charitrakaaranmaar eejipthile vishudha kaalakkuttikale cambisus konnuvennu karuthappedunnathinu oonnal nalki. ennirunnaalum, samakaalika eejipshyan srothassukal shethrangal kollayadichathaayi report cheythitilla. koodaathe, oru kurangine shavakudeerathil samskarikkaan cambisus utharavittathayi parayappedunnu. cambisus marichukazhinju naalu varshathinu sesham bii. sii. 518-ll vaanarangalude pingaamikal marichu.
bii. sii. 524ll kuzhichittirikkunna vaanarathinte epitaaf iprakaaram parayunnu
shavakudeerathekkurichulla oru ithihyavum parayunnu
angane ithu cambisus vaanarangale konnuvennu karuthappedunnavaye thallikkalayunnu, briyant parayunnathanusarichu, herodotus vyaja reportukal rekhappeduthiyathaayi theliyikkunnu. pakaram, oru vaanarathinte samrakshanathilum shavasamskara chadangilum cambisus pankedutthu. eejipshyan samskaarathodum mathathodum cambisus shradhaapoorvvam perumaariyathinekkurichum samanamaaya mattu srothassukal paraamarsikkunnu. eejipshyan demotic chronicle anusarichu, eejipshyan shethrangalkku eejipshyan faravokalil ninnu labhicha aparamaaya varumanam cambisus kurachu. moonnu pradhana shethrangalkku maathrame avayude ellah avakashangalum nilanirthaan anumathi nalkiyittulloo. eee nadapadiyude prathikaranamaayi, avakashangal nashtappetta eejipshyan purohithanmaar kaambisukalekkurichu vyaja kathakal pracharippichu. kshethrangalude saambathika shakti kuraykkaan shramicha muun faravokalude kaalathaanu shethrangalumaayulla prashnam. purathana eejipthinte anthyam vare eee prashnam thudarnnu. baabilonile siras pole, eejipt prabhukkanmaare avarude adhikaraparidhi nilanirthaan cambisus anuvadichu.
bharanam.
sirasinteyum cambisasinteyum bharanakaalathu oru nikuthi sambradaayam nilavilundaayirunnuvena athu chittayaya onnayirunnilla, athinaal raajaavinte prajakal onnukil sammanangal nalkano nikuthi adaykkaano baadhyastharaayirunnu. pithaavinte bharanakaalathu cheythathupole, kaambisesinte sathrapukalellaam pershyan vamshajaraayirunnu babylonia-trans-euphratesile gubaru eejipthile aryandasa saardisile ooroyittukal, daasiliyathile mitrobettukal, baakteeriyayile dadarsi, aracosiayile vivana. athupole, baabilonile saamraajyathva treasurer mithradaattayum oru pershyan kudumbatthil ninnullayalaayirunnu. eejipthile kaambisukale anugamikkunna muthirnna udyogastharum udyogastharum pershyakkaar mathramaayirunnu. eee pershyakkaaril ettavum sradheyamaayathu raajaavinte bandhukkalaayirunnu, athaayath addehathinte cussin darius, sairasinteyum cambisasinteyum keezhil uyarnna padavikal vahikkukayum randaamathethinte keezhil kuntham vahikkukayum cheythu. daariyasinte pithaav histaspes paartthiyayudeyum hirecaniayudeyum govarnoraayi sevanamanushtichu, allengil kuranjathu avide oru pradhana punk vahichirunnu. raajaavine kendreekarichulla pradhana offeesukal pershyakkaarum kaivashappeduthiyirunnu, athupole thanne kaambisukalude "sandeshavaahakanaayi" pravarthicha prexaspes, rajakeeya jadjiyayirunna sisamness, ennaal pinneedu campisus vadhichu.
vyakthithvam.
herodotasinte abhipraayathil, "ardha bhranthanum cruren ahankaariyum" aayathinal pershyakkaar cambisasine "svechaadhipathi" ennu mudrakuthi. ennirunnaalum, ithu pilkkala pershyan, eejipshyan prachaaranatthinte bhaagamaanenn thonnunnu, ithu cambisasine vimarshikkunnu. vaasthavathil, svayam adikaaram ekeekarikkaanulla kaambisasinte sannadhatha kaaranam, pershyan gotra prabhukkanmaar addehathodu kooduthal sathrutha pulartthi.
vivahangal.
achemenid pershyayil, ardhasahodaranmaar, marumakkal, cussins thudangiya kudumbamgangal thammilulla vivahangal nadannuvenkilum avihithabandhamaayi kaanapettilla. ennirunnaalum, sahodara-sahodari, achha-makal vivahangal raajakudumbathinullil nadannathaayi aaropikkappedunnu, ennittum eee vivaranangalude vishwaasyatha nirnnayikkunnath prashnamaayi thudarunnu. herodotus parayunnathanusarichu, cambisus thante rund sahodarimaraaya attossayeyum roxaineyum vivaham kazhichathaayi karuthappedunnu. ithu niyamavirudhamaayi kanakkaakkappedumaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, cambisus oottaanasinte makal fidemeye vivaham kazhichuvennum addehathinte samakaalika citicius roxane kaambisasinte bhaarya ennu vilikkunnundenkilum avale thante sahodari ennu vilikkunnillennum herodotus parayunnu. 
kaambisasinethiraaya avivekam nadathiyenna aropanangal addehathinte "bhranthum ahankaaravum" thithreekarikkunnathinu roopakalppana cheytha "daivanindayude" bhaagamaayi paraamarshikkappedunnu. eee reportukalellaam cambisasine ethirtha athe eejipshyan srothassil ninnaan uruthirinjathu, koodaathe eee "kuttakrithyangal" sambandhicha chila aropanangal, athaayath, aappi kaalaye kollunnath poleyullava thettaanenn sthireekarichittundu, athaayath kaambisasinte avihita pravarthanangalekkurichu report samshayaaspadamaanu.
maranavum pinthudarchayum.
bii. sii. 522 leeii vasanthakaalath pershyayile oru kalaapathe neridaan cambisus thidukkathil eejipt vittu. raajyam vidunnathinumumbu addeham pershyan aaryandarude govarnorude keezhil eejipthine oru sathrappiyakki.
ennirunnaalum taamasiyaathe tarkka saahacharyangalil cambisus marichu. mikka kanakkukalum anusarichu, cambisus syria (eber-naari) vazhiyaan pookumbool, thudayil murivu sambhavichu, athu taamasiyaathe samgharshaavasthayaayi maari. moonnaazhchaykku sesham (joolaiyil) aadhunika nagaramaya hamayaya agbadana enna sthalathu cambises marichu. addeham makkalillaathe marikkukayum addehathinte ilaya sahodaran bardia addehathinte pingamiyaavukayum cheythu. 
akkaalat kaambisasinte eettavaahakanaayirunna daariyasinte abhipraayathil, rajaakkanmaarude rajaavaayi vijayikkaan kazhiyillennu bardia theerumaanikkukayum bii. sii. 522-ll swantham kaikondu marikkukayum cheythu. herodotus citiciasum addehathinte maranathe oru apakadamaayi kanakkakkunnu. kudumbaamgangalude nashtatthil niraasanaaya cambisus oru maram kondu jolie cheiyunnathinide thudayil svayam kuthikkollukayum pathinonnu divasathinu sesham murivettu marikkukayum cheythathayi ctesiaus ezhuthunnu. kuthiraye kayattumbol kaambisasinte scabaardinte attam thakarukayum vaal thudayil thulachukayarukayum cheythuvennaanu herodotasinte katha. saamrajyam pidichedukkunnathinulla aadyapadiyaayi darius allengil bardiyayude anuyaayikal cambisasine vadhichathayi chila aadhunika charitrakaaranmaar samshayikkunnu.
thekkukizhakkan persisile neerisilaanu cambisasine samskarichathu. persepolis administrative aarkkaivukalil report cheythathupole, addehathinte peril yagangal arppikkapettu. kaambisasinte maranasamayathu, achemenid saamrajyam ennathekkaalum shakthamaayirunnu, sirenike muthal hindu kush vareyum sir darya muthal pershyan gulf vareyum ethi.

