
mellotron

1963ll englandile birminghamil vikasippichedutha oru electro-mechanical sangeetha upakaranamaan mellotron. athinte thacolukal amarthikkondu ithu vaayikkunnu, iva oronnum kanthika tapinte neelathe oru capstaanumaayi bandhappedaan kaaranamaakunnu, ithu oru playback headinu kuruke valikkunnu. thacol purathuvidumbol, tape oru spring athinte prarambha sthaanathekku pinvalikkunnu. vyathyastha shabdangal axus cheiyunnathinu teppinte vyathyastha bhagangal play cheyyaan kazhiyum.
samanamaaya chembarlinil ninnaan mellotron parinamichathenkilum kooduthal kaaryakshamamaayi vanthothil ulppaadippikkaan kazhiyum. aadya modalukal veedinaayi roopakalppana cheythathum automatic anubandhangal ulppede vividha shabdangal adangiyathumaanu. baand leader eric robinson television vyakthithvamaaya david nixon aadya upakaranangal prolsaahippikkaan sahayichu, maargarat rajakumaariyeppolulla celebrittikal aadyakaala dathedutthavaraayirunnu. 1960 kalude pakuthi muthal avasaanam vare roock, poppu grouppukal ithu sweekarichu. mellotron avatharippikkunna aadyathe poppu gaanangalilonn manfred maante "ardha-verthiricha, suburban misttar" aayirunnu. jaims (1966). hitt single "stroberry fiields ennekkum" (1967) ulppedeyulla tracukalil beettils ithu upayogichu. moody blues keyboardist mike pinder 1967 leeii baandinte "days oof future passed" aalbathil ithu vyaapakamaayi upayogichu. king krimson, jenesis thudangiya grouppukal upayogikkunna purogamana paarakalil mellotron saadhaaranamaayi. ettavum kooduthal vitazhikkappetta emm400 polulla pilkkala modalukal touring samgeethajnjarkku upayogikkaan kazhiyunna tharatthil anubandhangalum chila shabda thiranjedukkal niyanthranangalum nalki. iruttilum ex. tii. sii. yilum oorkkastral manuvarukal polulla uyarnna upayokthaakkal undaayirunnittum, polyphonic synthesiserukalum saambilarukalum avatharippichathinushesham 1980-kalil upakaranathinte janapreeti kuranju.
1986ll mellotroninte uthpaadanam nirtthiyenkilum 1990kalil ithu janapreeti veendedukkukayum oyaasis, radiohead thudangiya baandukal upayogikkukayum cheythu. ithu yadhaartha nirmmathaavaaya street electronicsinte punarujjeevanathilekku nayichu. 2007ll streetli emm4000 nirmmichu, ithu emm400-nte leauttine muun modalukalude baank thiranjeduppumaayi samyojippichu.
ooppareshan.
mellotron oru saambilarinte athe ashayam upayogikkunnu, pakshe digital saambilukalekkaal audiyo tapil recorducheytha analog saambilukal upayogichu athinte shabdam srishtikkunnu. oru thacol amarthumbol, athumaayi bandhippichirikkunna oru tape oru tape dekkilennapole playback headylake thallunnu. thacol thaazhtthi nilkkumbol, tape thalaykku mukaliloode varaykkukayum oru shabdam kelppikkukayum cheiyunnu. thacol purathuvidumbol, oru spring tapeine athinte yadhaartha sthaanathekku valichidunnu.
vividha tharatthilulla shabdangal upakaranathil labhyamaan. muun modalukalil, upakaranathe "leed", "rhythm" vibhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. moonnu rhythm traakkukalum moonnu phil traakkukalum adangiya aarr "steshanukal" ulla thaalashabdangal thiranjedukkaam. phil trackukal orumichu kalarthaanum kazhiyum. athupole, aarr leed steshanukalude oru choys undu, oronninum moonnu leed upakaranangal adangiyirikkunnu, avaa mixes cheyyaan kazhiyum. mellotroninte madhyathil, pichil vyathiyaanam anuvadikkunna oru tuning button undu (tempo, rhythm tracukalude kaaryatthil). pilkkala modalukalkk steshanukal enna ashayam illa, tuning niyanthranathodoppam oru shabdam thiranjedukkaan orotta noob undu. ennirunnaalum, tapeukal adangiya frame neekkam cheiyunnathinum pakaram vyathyastha shabdangal upayogichu maattisthaapikkunnathinum roopakalppana cheythittullathaanu.
yadhaartha upakaranathinte shabdam punarnirmmikkunnathinna mellotron roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathenkilum, oru tape veendum play cheiyunnathu pichilum (vau, flutter) amplitudilum cheria ettakkurachilukal srishtikkunnu, athinaal oro thavanayum oru nottu play cheyyumbol alpam vyathyasthamayi thonnunnu. oru thacol kooduthal kadinamaayi amarthunnathu thalaye kooduthal sammarddathil sanbarkkam pularthaan anuvadikkunnu, mellotron aathyanthikamayi sparshikkunnathinodu prathikarikkunnu.
mellotroninte shabdathile mattoru ghadakam oro svarangalum otappettaanu record cheythirikkunnathu ennathaanu. oru oorkkastra krameekaranatthil vaayikkaan sheelicha oru samgeethajnjane sambandhichidatholam, ithu asaadhaaranamaayirunnu, athinartham avarkk swaram nalkaan onnumilla ennaanu. prashastha sellist reginald kirbi mellotroninte thaazhnna shreni cover cheiyunnathinaayi thante cello daundoon cheyyaan visammathichu, athinaal thaazheyulla nottukal yadhaarthathil eratta baasilaan avatharippikkunnath. mellotron ezhuthukaaranaaya nick avde parayunnathanusarichu, string shabdangalude oru kurippil pashchaathalatthil oru kasera pottia shabdam adangiyirikkunnu.
yadhaartha mellotronukal veettilo klabbukaliloo upayogikkaan uddeshichullavayaayirunnu, avaa touring baandukalkkaayi roopakalppana cheythitilla. kazhiyunnathra portable aayi roopakalppana cheytha pilkkala emm400 polum thookkamullathaayirunnu. puka, thaapanilayile vyathiyanangal, eerppam ennivayum upakaranathinte vishwaasyathaye doshakaramaayi baadhichu. colled storeju roomukalkkum thilangunna laitt gattangalkkum idayil upakaranam neekkunnathu tapeukal neettaanum capstaanil ottippidikkaanum kaaranamakum. attakuttappanikalkkayi kurachu melotronukal sweekarichathaayi lesley bradley oorkkunnu, "oru kammaran mukalil kuthirakkoolikal roopappeduthiyathupole". oresamayam valareyadhikam thacolukal amarthunnathu motor valichidunnathinu kaaranamaayi, athinte falamaayi nottukal parannathayi thonni. oru mellotronine onnippikkunnath anganeyalla" ennu roobert frip prasthaavichu. tape headukal sambharanathil kaanthikavalkkarikkappedum play cheythaal avayile recordingukal nasippikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal, oru nischitha kaalayalavile nishkriyathvathinu sesham pazhaya melotronukal udan upayogikkaruthennu vidagdha melotron repire cheiyunna dave keane shupaarsha cheiyunnu.
charithram.
gaveshana studiyokalil tape saambilukal paryavekshanam cheythittundenkilum, vaanijyaparamaayi labhyamaya aadyathe keyboard-driven tape upakaranangal nirmmikkukayum vilkkukayum cheythath california aasthaanamaayulla haari chamberlinaanu. 1962ll chamberlinte sails ejantaaya bill fransen chamberlinte 600 samgeethajnjaril randupere englandilekku konduvannu bhaaviyile chamberlinukalkkaayi 70 tape headukal nirmmikkaan kazhiyunna oraale thiranjappozhaanu mellotron enna ashayam uthbhavichath. tape enchiniyaring kambaniyaaya bradmetic limittadile frank, norman, less bradley ennivare addeham kandumutty, avarkk yadhaartha roopakalppana mechappeduthaan kazhiyumennu paranju. bradlikal pinneedu bandleader eric robinsonine kandumutty, avar aavashyamaaya upakaranangaludeyum shabdangaludeyum recordingin dhanasahayam nalkaan sammathichu. bradlease television celebrity david nixon chernnu upakaranam vipananam cheiyunnathinaayi mellotronics enna kambani roopeekarichu. mellotroninekkurich robinson prathyekichum aaveshabharithanaayirunnu, kaaranam athu thante kariyarine punarujjeevippikkumenna addeham karuthi, athu appol kshayichukondirunnu. jorjju klausttanumaayi saha udamasthathayilulla landanile aii. bii. sii studiyoyilaanu addeham recording sessionukal samghadippichathu.
1963ll emm. keey. aii. aayirunnu vaanijyaparamaayi nirmmicha aadyathe model. baankukalum steshanukalum thiranjedukkaavunna muzhuvan shabdangalum ulkkollunna emm. keey. II enna update cheytha pathipp adutha varsham puratthirangi. oru saadhaarana veedinu 2,000 poundu muthal 3,000 poundu vare vila varunna samayat upakaranathinu 1,000 poundu () vilayundaayirunnu.
thaan eee aashayathinte udamayallennu bradlikalodu vishadeekarikkunnathil franson parajayappettu, videshathulla aarenkilum thante ashayam pakartthunnu enna vasthuthayil chamberlyn asanthushtanaayirunnu. iru kakshikalum thammilulla chila kalahangalkk sesham 1966ll iruvarum thammil oru karar undaakki, athil iruvarum swathanthramaayi upakaranangalude nirmmaanam thudarum. 1970ll bradmetic svayam street electronics ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
1970ll emm400 enna model puratthirangi, athil 35 nottukal (jii-eph), neekkam cheyyaavunna tape frame enniva adangiyirunnu. 1800 unitiladhikam vittazhichu. 1970 kalude thudakkathil, noorukanakkinu upakaranangal exclusive licensinu keezhil eiii. emm. aii kootticherkkukayum vilkkukayum cheythu. us vitharana karaariloode saambathika, vyaapaaramudra tharkkathetthudarnnu, mellotron enna peru america aasthaanamaayulla soundu sails etteduthu. 1976 nuu sesham theruvil nirmmicha upakaranangal novaatron enna peril vittu. soundu sails aaya american mellotron distributor 1980 kalude thudakkathil avarude swantham melotron modalaaya 4-track nirmmichu. athe samayam street electronics 400-tii550 novatroninte rooad-cased pathipp nirmmichu. 1980kalude madhyathode, soundu seyilsinum street electronixinum gurutharamaaya saambathika thirichadikal nerittu, synthesiserukalkkum soolid-stettu electronic saambilukalkkum vipani nashtappettu, ithu mellotronine kaalaharanapettu. 1986ll kambani poornnamaayum thakarukayum less bradley mikka nirmmaana upakaranangalum upekshikkukayum cheythu. 1963 muthal streetli adachupoottunnathuvare ekadesham 2,500 unitukal nirmmichirunnu.
street electronics pinneedu less bradleyude makan john martin smith veendum sajeevamakki. 1997ll less bradleyude maranashesham, oru support, refreshment bisinesses enna nilayil muzhuvan samaya pravartthanam punaraarambhikkaan avar theerumaanichu. 2007 aayappozhekkum, attakuttappanikalkkum punasthaapikkunnathinum labhyamaya upakaranangalude stokku kurayukayum athinaal oru puthiya model nirmmikkaan avar theerumaanikkukayum athu emm4000 aayi maarukayum cheythu. upakaranam muun modalukalude savisheshathakal samyojippikkukayum emm400-nte leauttum chesiyum avatharippikkukayum cheythu, ennaal emke II-leeii mechanical orijinal anukarikkunna oru digital baank selector.
sradheyamaaya upayokthaakkal.
mellotron upayogicha aadyathe sradheyanaaya samgeethajnjan vaividhyamaarnna piyaanist jioff anvin aayirunnu, eee upakaranathinte upayogam prolsaahippikkunnathi 1962 ll robinson addehathe prathyekamaayi niyamichu. addeham oru emm. keey. II mellotronumaayi paryadanam nadathukayum televisionilum radioyilum niravadhi thavana prathyakshappedukayum cheythu. emm. keey. II-nte idathu kaii keyboardile automatic backing trackukal pianoyile swantham adisthaana kazhivukalekkaal kooduthal mikacha prakadanangal nalkaan thanne anuvadichuvennu anvin avakashappettu.
1960 kalude aadyakaala emm. keey. II unitukal veedinaayi nirmmichathum upakaranathinte savisheshathakal niravadhi celebrittikale aakarshichathumaan. aadyakaala mellotron udamakalil rajakumari maargarat, peettar sellezhs, jordaanile rajaavu hussain, sayantolaji sthaapakan ell. roonn hubbard (addehathinte mellotron sent hill maanarile charchu oof scientologyude head yuke offeesil sthaapichu). robin dougless-hoome parayunnathanusarichu, maargarat rajakumari "athine eshtappettu; (snoden prabhu) athine veruthirunnu".
mellotronics avare oru saadhyathayulla upabhokthavaayi lakshyamittathinusesham, radiophonic varkshoppil throoput vardhippikkaan ithu anuvadikkumennu pratheekshichukondu bbc upakaranathinte saadhyathakalil thaalparyam prakadippichu. shabda efakttukal niranja rund ishtaanusritha nirmmitha modalukal 1963 ll swanthamaakki, pakshe radiophonic varkshoppinu avaa aavashyamillaayirunnu, tape vegathayilum shabdathilum ettakkurachilukal undaakunnath shabdathe professional prakshepana gunanilavaarathinu anusrithamaayi kanakkakkiyilla. avar bii. bii. sii eph. ex libraryil ethi. ennirunnaalum, ithu oru uddeshyathode nirmmicha efx pathipp vikasippikkunnathilekku nayikkunnu.
1965 muthal oru mellotron upayogichu record cheytha aadyathe roock samgeethajnjanaayi britiish multy-instrumentalist graham boond kanakkaakkappedunnu. mellotron emm. keey. II avatharippikkunna aadyathe hitt gaanam "bebi qaan ittu bee true" aayirunnu, ithu television prakadanangalil mesheenumaayi thalsamayam avatharippichu, solinoidukal upayogichu thante hammond oorganil ninnu tapeukal trigger cheythu. ithine thudarnnu manfred maan, 1966 avasaanathode avarude "ardha-verthiricha suburban misttar jaims" enna single gaanathil athinte naanakkallinte shabdam upayogichu. thudarnnu baand avarude thudarchayaaya single "haah!" ll onniladhikam mellotron bhagangal ulppeduthi. haah! komaalika paranju.
1960 kalude thudakkathil 18 maasam street electronicsil oru testtaraayi mike pinder jolie cheythu, upakaranathinte saadhyathakalil udan thanne aaveshabharithanaayi. pianoy hammond oorganum pareekshichathinushesham, addeham thante baandaaya moody bluesinu thiranjedukkaanulla upakaranamaayi mellotronil sthirathaamasamaakki, birminghamile fort dunlop working menz clubble ninnu oru second hand model vaangukayum "days oof future passed" (1967) muthal "okdevu" (1978) vareyulla ellah aalbangalilum ithu vipulamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. joonn lenanineyum pooll mccartney mellotronil parichayappedutthiyathaayum orennam vaangaan oororuthareyum bodhyappeduthiyathaayum pinder parayunnu. beettils oru yanthram vaadakaykku edukkukayum 1966 novemberinum desemberinum idayil vividha tekkukalil rekhappeduthiyittulla avarude otta "stroberry feeldukalil" athu ennennekkumaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. ezhuthukaaran maarkk kanningham "stroberry feeldukalile ekkaalatheyum ettavum prashasthamaaya mellotron vyakthi" ennu visheshippikkunnu. nirmmaathaav jorjju martin eee upakaranathil vishwasichillengilum, "oru neanderthal piano oru aadima electronic keyboard ulcherthathupole" ennu visheshippichenkilum, avar "majik misttari touur" (1967), "beettils" (1968, "vaitt aalbam" ennum ariyappedunnu) ennee aalbangalkkayi vividha melotronukal upayogichu rachana record thudarnnu. mccartney thante sooloo kariyaril idaykkide melotron upayogichu.
cycadelic kaalaghattatthil roock, poppu baandukalkkidayil eee upakaranam kooduthal janapriyamaayi, rachayithaav thom holms avarude recordingukalil "oru vichithravum asaadhaaranavumaaya shabdam" ennu visheshippikkunnu. rolling stonukalile bryan johns thante baandinte niravadhi gaanangalil oru mellotron 1967-68 ll vaayikkunnu. ithil "vii lavu yuu" ulppedunnu, avide addeham morocan shabdamullah hoonn vibhaagam srishtikkaan upakaranam upayogichu, "aval oru mazhavillaanu", "veettil ninnu 2000 prakashavarsham", "jigso pasil".
purogamana paarayile oru pradhana upakaranamaayi mellotron maari. 1969ll roopappedumbol king krimson rund mellotronukal vaangi. moody bluesinu pindarinte sambhavanakalekkurichu avarkk ariyamaayirunnu, samanamaaya shabdam kelkkaan avar aagrahichirunnilla, pakshe oorkkastra shabdam srishtikkaan mattoru maargavumillenn avar nigamanam cheythu. eee upakaranam aadyam paadiyathu iyaan mcdonald pinneedu mcdonald poyathinushesham roobert frup aayirunnu. mellotron vaayikkaan thaan prathyekichu aagrahichirunnillenna pilkkala amgam david cross oormmippichu, ennaal baandile oru amgamenna nilayil thaan cheyyendathu ithaanu ennu thonni. 1971ll tonny baankukal fripsil ninnu oru mellotron vaangi, ithu munbu rajaavu krimson upayogichirunnuvennu addeham avakashappettu. block cordukal upayogichu oru saadhaarana orkkastrayilekku mattoru reethiyil upakaranathe sameepikkaan addeham theerumaanichu, pinneedu pilkkala aalbangalil oru sinth paadu upayogicha athe reethiyilaan thaan ithu upayogichathennu addeham pinneedu prasthaavichu. foxtrot" (1972) enna aalbathile "watcher oof dhaa skye" enna addehathinte oppamillaatha aamukham, samyuktha charadukalum pichalayum upayogichu oru emm. keey. II-ll play cheyyappettathinaal, street electronics emm4000-maayi oru "watcher mixes" shabdam nalkunnathra praadhaanyamarhikkunnu. baankukal ippozhum sambharanathil oru melotron undennu avakaashappedunnu, pakshe addeham saadhaaranayaayi kaalikamaaya saankethikavidya upayogikkaan eshtappedunnathinaal athu upayogikkaan chaayvilla. barclay jaims aruvadayude wooley wollstenholm praadhamikamaayi string shabdangalkkaayi upayogikkunna oru emm300 vaangi, 2000-kalil oru parishkaricha baandinte bhaagamaayi eee upakaranam thalsamayam vaayikkunnath thudarnnu.
david boviyude 1969 leeii hitt gaanamaya "space ooditti" yill rick wakeman mellotron avatharippichu. neratthe tyoon nilanirthaan budhimuttaayirunnathil, wakeman oru prathyeka viral saankethikavidya upayogichu athinulla oru maargam kandethiyirunnu.
1970kalil jarmman electronic baandaaya tanjerin dream, "aattem" (1973), "feedra" (1974), "rubicon" (1975), "stratosphere" (1976), "encore" (1977) thudangiya aalbangalil mellotron upayogichu. 1970 kalude avasaanathil, franch eratta bahirakasha kala avarude randaamathe aalbamaaya "trip inn dhii sentar head" record cheyyumbol oru mellotron upayogichu. 1983ll, samgham saambilukal upayogikkunnathilekku kudiyeriyathinaal, baandinte christopher frank mellotronicsinode oru digital model nirmmikkaan kazhiyumo ennu chodichu.
1980kalil mellotron vyaapakamaayi upayogichillengilum niravadhi baandukal ithu oru pramukha upakaranamaayi avatharippichu. angane cheytha churukkam chila yuke poost-punk baandukalilonnu iruttile oorkkastra thanthrangalaayirunnu, avar 1981 ll plaattinam vilppana nadatthiya avarude aalbamaaya "architecture & morality" yill ithu valareyadhikam avatharippichu. athuvare upayogichirunna vilakuranja monophonic sinthasaisarukalude parimithikalilekku kadannupokaan thudangiyathinaal avar mellotron upayogichathayi andy mcclusky paranju. addeham oru second hand emm400 vaangi, udan thanne stringukalum gaayakasangha shabdangalum addehathe aakarshichu. 1970kalil valarnnappol mellotronukal upayogikkunna baandukal kandathayi ex. tii. siyude dave gregory oormmippikkukayum ithu grouppinte shabdathinu rasakaramaaya oru kootticherkkalaayirikkunne karuthukayum cheythu. 1982ll 165 poundinu addeham oru second hand model vaangukayum athu aadyamaayi "mummer" (1983) enna aalbathil upayogikkukayum cheythu. aikyoosinte martin orford second hand emm400 vaangi, sangeetha nilavaaratthino soukaryathino pakaram drishya aakarshanathinaayi praadhamikamaayi upayogichu.
1995ll oyaasisinte aalbathil (enthaanu katha) prabhatha mahathwathil mellotron veendum prathyakshappettu."niravadhi tracukalil noval gallagar pooll aartharukalum eee upakaranam aalapichirunnuvenkilum aartharukal avatharippicha hitt single" "vandarvaalile" "cello shabdamaayirunnu prathyekichum pradhana upayogam". avarude 2000-leeii single "goo lettu ittu outtu"-lum ithu shradheyamaayi kaanapedunnu. radiohead 1997-ll street electronicsinode thangalkkayi oru model punasthaapikkaanum nannakkaanum aavasyappedukayum avarude aalbamaaya "ooke computerinaayi" (1997) niravadhi tracukalil record cheyyukayum cheythu. franch electronic jody eyar 1998-ll avarude aadya aalbangalaaya moonn safariyilum 1999-ll "dhii virjin suzaidilum" emm400 vyaapakamaayi upayogichu.
baandinte shabdathe savisheshamaakkunna mellotroninte aaraadhakanaanu spokkinte thaadiyude rioo okumotto. porkkupin treaude steevan vilson king krimsante pazhaya mellotronukalilonnu svanthamaakkukayum 2013 ll athinte ambathaam vaarshikathodanubandhichu upakaranathinte oru pradarshanam nadathukayum cheythu.
malsaraarthikal.
1970 kalude thudakkam muthal pakuthi vare athiraalikalaanu mellotroninte ithara pathippukal nirmmichathu. opttikkal discukal upayogichu shabdangal pinvalikkunna veettil upayogikkaan roopakalppana cheytha kalippaatta keybordaayirunnu maattal opttigan. ithe saankethikavidyayude kooduthal professional shabdamullah pathipp upayogicha 1975-ll vaco oorkkastran ithine thudarnnu. patrick moraz aanu ithu janapriyamaakkiyath.

