
aanava samudra propulsion

oru aanava reactor nalkunna thaapathode oru kappalinteyo antharvaahiniyudeyo propulsionaanu nuclear maraine propulsion. kappalinte propellerine gearboxyloodeyo electric janarettariloodeyum motoriloodeyum tirikkaan upayogikkunna turbininaayi neeravi ulppaadippikkaan power plaant vellam choodaakkunnu. aanava antharvaahinikal, suuppar carrierukal thudangiya naavika yudhakkappalukalilaanu nuclear propulsion pradhaanamaayum upayogikkunnathu. pareekshanathmaka sivil aanava kappalukalude oru cheria ennam nirmmichittundu.
enna allengil kalkari indhanamulla kappalukalumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, nuclear propulsion indhanam niraykkunnathinu munbu valare neenda edavelakalude pravartthanatthinte gunangal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. ellah indhanavum nuclear reactorinullil adangiyirikkunnathinaal charakkukalo vitharana sthalangalo indhanam edukkunnilla, exhost staakkukalo jwalana vaayu upabhogamo sthalam edukkunnilla. kuranja indhanachelavu uyarnna pravarthanachelavum adisthaana soukaryangalile nikshepavum moolam nikathunnu, athinaal mikkavarum ellah aanavorja kappalukalum sainikamaan.
power plaantukal.
naavika kappalinteyo antharvaahiniyudeyo adisthaana pravartthanam.
draavaka soodiyam-cooled reactors upayogikkunnathinulla chila sramangal ozhike mikka naavika aanava reactorukalum sammarddamulla jala tharatthilaanu. oru praadhamika jalachakram indhanathile nuclear vighadanathil ninnu undaakunna thapam oru neeravi generatorilekku maattunnu; eee vellam thilappikkathirikkaan sammarddathilaanu sookshikkunnathu. eee surcuted ekadesham thapanilayil pravartthikkunnu. praadhamika jalathile eathenkilum radio active malineekaranam parimithappedutthiyirikku. pambukaliloodeyaanu vellam vitharanam cheiyunnathu; thaazhnna oorjja nilakalil, antharvaahinikalkkaayi roopakalppana cheytha reactors pambukal srishtikkunna shabdam kuraykkunnathinu jalathinte swaabhaavika sanjaarathe aashrayikkaam.
reactoril ninnulla chooduvellam neeravi janarettaril oru prathyeka jala surcuted choodaakkunnu. aaa vellam neeravi aakki maattukayum neeravi turbinilekkulla vazhiyil neeravi drayarukaliloode kadannupokukayum cheiyunnu. thaazhnna marddathil chelavazhikkunna neeravi kadaljalam thanuppikkunna oru kandansariloode kadannupokukayum draavaka roopathilekku madangukayum cheiyunnu. vellam veendum neeravi generatorilekku pump cheyyukayum saikkil thudarukayum cheiyunnu. eee prakriyayil nashtappedunna eathu vellavum neeravi janarettar pheed wateril cherttha desalinated kadal jalam kondu nikathaam.
turbinil, turbininte karangunna bladeukalkk oorjjam nalkumbol neeravi vikasikkukayum athinte marddam kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu. karangunna bladeukaludeyum sthira guide vaanukaludeyum niravadhi gattangal undakam. bhramana vegatha kuraykkunnathinu turbininte outtputtu shaaft oru gearboxumaayi bandhippikkam, thudarnnu oru shaaft kappalinte propellerukalumaayi bandhippikkunnu. drive sisttathinte mattoru roopathil, turbine oru electrical janarettaraayi maarunnu, uthppaadippikkunna vaidyuthorjjam kappalinte propellerukalkkaayi onno athiladhikamo drive motorukalilekku nalkunnu. russian, yuu.ezz. britiish navikasena nerittulla steem turbine propulsione aasrayikkunnu, athesamayam franch, chainees kappalukal propulsionaayi (turbo-electric transmission) vaidyuthi ulppaadippikkaan turbine upayogikkunnu.
chila aanava antharvaahinikalkku orotta reactor maathrame ulloovenkilum russian antharvaahinikalkku randennam undu. mikka american vimaanavaahinikkappalukal rund reactors undu, ennaal avaykku ettu reactorukalundu. bhooribhaagam samudra reactorukalum mardhameriya jala tharatthilaanu, ennirunnaalum yuu.ezz. soviyatt navikasena draavaka lohathil thanuppicha reactors upayogichu pravartthikkunna yudhakkappalukal roopakalppana cheythittundu.
karaa vaidyuthi nilayangalil ninnulla vyathyaasangal.
samudra tharatthilulla reactors pala kaaryangalilum bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla vaanijya vaidyutha oorjja reactorukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan.
aanavorja nilayangalile karaa adisthaanamaakkiyulla reactors ekadesham 1600 megawatt vaidyuthi (iii. pii. aarinte nameplate sheshi) vare uthppaadippikkumbol, oru saadhaarana maraine propulsion reactor noorukanakkinu megawattil kooduthal uthppaadippikkunnil. chila cheria modular reactors (smr) kappaasittiyilum chila design parigananakalilum maraine propulsion reactors samaanamaan, athinaal nuclear maraine propulsion (sivilian allengil milittari aakatte) chilappol smrukalkku oru adhika vipani idamaayi nirddeshikkappedunnu. noorukanakkinu ekkar bhoomikk cruze nuclear generating steshan polulla instaaleshanukalkku kaivashappeduthaan kazhiyunna bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla aaplikkeshanukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, kadal irukiya sthalaparidhiyil oru maraine reactor bhouthikamaayi cheruthayirikkanam, athinaal athu oru yoonit sthalathinu uyarnna vaidyuthi uthppaadippikkanam. ithinartham athinte gadakangal bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla reactorinekkaal kooduthal sammarddathinu vidheyamaan ennaanu. athinte mechanical samvidaanangal kadalil abhimukeekarikkunna vibration, prakshubdhamaaya kadalil pravartthikkunna oru kappalinte pitching, rolling ennivayulppede prathikoola saahacharyangalil kutamatta reethiyil pravartthikkanam. ellaayppozhum nivarnnunilkkunna oru bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla reactorilennapole reactor shutdown samvidaanangalkku niyanthrana vadi sthaapikkaan guruthwaakarshanathe aashrayikkaan kazhiyilla. uppuvellathile nasham attakuttappanikal sankeernnamaakkunna oru adhika prasnamaanu.
oru seagoing reactorinte kaambu oru power reactorinekkaal valare cheruthaanu ennathinaal, oru nyootron parirakshanatthilekku rakshappedunnathinu munbu vighadippikkaavunna nucleusumaayi murichukadakkaanulla saadhyatha valare kuravaanu. athinaal, indhanam saadhaaranayaayi kooduthal sambannamaanu (i.iii., 235u vezhsas enna uyarnna saandrata adangiyirikkunnu. 238u) oru karaa-adhishtitha aanavorja nilayathil upayogikkunnathinekkaal, ithu oru susthira prathikaranam sambhavikkaavunna thalatthilekku vighadana saadhyatha vardhippikkunnu. chila samudra reactors thaarathamyena kuranja sambushtamaaya yureniyathilaanu pravartthikkunnathu, ithinu kooduthal thavana indhanam niraykkendathundu. mattullava 20 sathamaanam 235yuu muthal 96 sathamaanathiladhikam 235yuu vare uyarnna sambushtamaaya yureniyathilaanu pravartthikkunnathu.ezz. antharvaahinikal, athil cheria coor pravartthanatthil shaanthamaan (oru antharvaahinikk valia nettam). kooduthal sambannamaaya indhanam upayogikkunnathu reactorinte oorjja saandrata vardhippikkukayum aanava indhana lodinte upayogayogyamaaya ayuss vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu, pakshe ithu kooduthal chelaveriyathum kuranja sambannamaaya indhanathekkaal aanava vyaapanathin kooduthal apakadakaravumaanu.
oru maraine nuclear propulsion plaant valare vishwasaneeyavum svayamparyaapthavumaaya reethiyil roopakalppana cheythirikkanam, ithinu kuranja attakuttappanikalum attakuttappanikalum aavasyamaanu, ithu athinte swantham thuramukhathu ninnu aayirakkanakkin mile akale ettedukkendi vannekkaam. kadaltheerathulla oru aanava reactorinaayi indhana gadakangal roopakalppana cheiyunnathile saankethika budhimuttukalilonnu valia alavil vikirana naashanashtangale prathirodhikkunna indhana gadakangalude srishtiyaanu. indhana gadakangal kaalakramena pottukayum vathaka kumilakal roopappedukayum cheyyaam. samudra reactorukalil upayogikkunna indhanam palappozhum karaa adisthaanamaakkiyulla reactorukalil upayogikkunna seramic yuo 2 (euranium dye ooksaid) ennathinekkaal loha-syrconium aloy aanu. samudra reactors roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu yureniyathinte thaarathamyena uyarnna sambushteekaranavum indhana moolakangalil "kathikkaavunna visham" ulppeduthunnathiloodeyum prapthamaakkunna deerghakaala coor aayussinaayittaan, ithu indhana gadakangal praayamaakumbol pathukke kurayukayum prathikaranasheshi kurayukayum cheiyunnu. nuclear visham" kramena illaathaakunnathu vaardhakyamulla indhana gadakangalude kuranjuvarunna prathipravartthanathinu nashtapariharam nalkunnathinaayi korinte prathipravartthanam vardhippikkukayum athuvazhi indhanathinte upayogayogyamaaya ayuss vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. compact reactor presher kappalil oru aantharika nyootron sheeled nalkiyittundu, ithu sthiramaaya nyootron bombaakramanatthil ninnu steelinu undaakunna kedupaadukal kuraykkunnu.
pirichuvidal.
aanavorjamulla antharvaahinikal nirthalaakkunnathu ningalkk oru pradhana joliyaayi mariyirikkunnu.ezz. russian navikasena. indhanam nirachathinushesham, yuu.ezz. aazhamillaatha bhoomiyil kuzhichidunnathinaayi reactor vibhaagam kappalil ninnu vettikkuraykkuka ennathaanu reethi ("kappal-antarvaahini recycling prograam" kaanuka). russiayil, muzhuvan kappalukalum allengil seal cheytha reactor vibhaagangalum saadhaaranayaayi ozhukunna nilayil sookshikkunnu, ennirunnaalum seyda bake sameepamulla oru puthiya soukaryam vidoora vadakku bhaagathulla chila antharvaahinikalkku konkreett nilayilulla karayil sambharanam nalkuka ennathaanu.
bhaaviyile designukal.
russia athinte vidoora kizhakkan pradeshangalkkaayi oru ozhukunna aanavorja nilayam nirmmichu. isbreakerukalil upayogikkunna klt-40 reactorine adisthaanamaakki (oro naalu varshathilum indhanam niraykkunnathinoppam) roopakalppanayil rund 35 megawatt yoonittukalund. vidoora kizhakkan, cyberian pattanangalil aabhyanthara, vyaavasaayika upayogathinaayi vaidyuthi vitharanam cheyyaan chila russian naavika kappalukal upayogichittundu.
2010ll loyidinte rajisttar sivilian nuclear maraine propulsion, karadu niyamangal maattiyezhuthal ennivayude saadhyatha anweshikkukayaayirunnu ("marchant kappalukal" ennathinte vaachakam kaanuka).
sivil badhyatha.
aanava kappalukalude insurance parambaraagatha kappalukalude insurance poleyalla. oru apakadatthinte anantharafalangal deseeya athirthikal vyaapichekkaam, koodaathe saadhyamaaya naashanashtangalude vyaapthi swakaarya insurance kambanikalude sheshikkappuramaan. 1962ll vikasippichedutha "aanava kappalukalude oopparettarmaarude baadhyathayekkurichulla brassels kanvenshan" enna prathyeka anthaaraashtra karar, aanava kappalukal avarude pathaakaykk keezhil undaakunna apakadangalkk oppuvecha deseeya sarkkaarukale utharavaadikalaakkumaayirunnu, ennaal yudhakkappalukal ulppeduthunnathinekkuthu viyojip kaaranam orikkalum amgeekarikkappettilla. american aikyanaadukalude adhikaaraparidhiyilulla aanava reactors prais aandezhsan niyamathile vyavasthakal insurance nalkunnu.
sainika aanava kappalukal.
1990 aayappozhekkum lokamembaadumulla vaanijya oorjja nilayangalil vaidyuthi uthppaadippikkunnathine kooduthal aanava reactors kappalukalkk (kooduthalum sainika) oorjjam nalki.
yuu. yude nirddeshaprakaaram.ezz. navikasena kyapttan (pinneedu admiral) haiman jii. recover, aanava samudra propulsion plaantukalude roopakalppana, vikasanam, uthpaadanam enniva 1940-kalil amerikkayil aarambhichu. 1953ll idahoile (ippol idaho naashanal laborattari ennu vilikkunnu) deseeya reactor testing steshanile naavika reactor soukaryathilaanu aadyathe prototype naavika reactor nirmmikkukayum pareekshikkukayum cheythath.
antharvaahinikal.
aadyathe aanava antarvaahini, 1955 ll kadalil athichu (ss yuu yude parambaraagatha puram vargeekarana chinnamaayirunnu.ezz. antharvaahinikal, ssn aadyathe "aanava" antarvaahiniye soochippikkunnu).
soviyatt union aanava antharvaahinikalum vikasippichu. 1958ll aanavorjjathin keezhil nadanna keey-3 "leninsky comsomol" enna aadyathethu, rund vaattar cooled reactorukalulla naatto-niyukthamaaya 627 padhathiyaanu aadyam vikasippicheduthath.
aanavorjam antharvaahiniyil viplavam srishtichu, oduvil athine oru "submersible" craftinupakaram oru yadhaartha "underwater" kappalakki, athu parimithamaaya kaalayalavilekku maathrame vellathinadiyil thudaraan kazhiyoo. uparithala kappalukalumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, athinte jeevanakkaarude sahishnuthaye maathram aashrayich paridhiyillaattha kaalayalavilekku uyarnna vegathayil pravarthikkaanulla kazhivu ithu antharvaahinikk nalki. 1960ll vellathil mungiya bhoomiye (ooppareshan sandblast) parikramanam cheytha aadyathe kappalaanith ennu theliyikkaan.
"pressurised vaattar reactor (pwr) ulla "notilus", oru advitheeya draavaka loha thanuppicha (soodiyam) reactor allengil "traittanile" rund reactors, thudarnnu single reactors nalkunnava, 1961 ll rund reactors nalkunna oru cruiser thudangiya mattu antharvaahinikalude samanthara vikasanathilekku nayichu.
1962 aayappozhekkum american naavikasenaykku 26 aanava antharvaahinikalum 30 nirmmaanathilumaanu. aanavorjam navikasenayil viplavakaramaaya maattam varuthi. america athinte saankethikavidya yunaittad kingdavumaayi pankittappol franch, soviyatt, indian, chainees vikasanam vevvere thudarnnu.
skettu"-klaas kappalukalkk sesham, yuu.ezz. vesting hausum general electric nirmmicha staanderd, single reactor designukalude oru parambarayaanu antharvaahinikalkku karuth pakarunnath. rolls-roys plc royal nevi antharvaahinikalkkaayi samanamaaya unitukal nirmmikkukayum oduvil svanthamaayi oru parishkaricha pathippaya pwr-2 (pressurised vaattar reactor) vikasippikkukayum cheythu.
26, 500 tonn bharamullah russian antharvaahinikalaanu ithuvare nirmmichathil vachu ettavum valia aanava antharvaahinikal. innuvareyulla ettavum cheria aanava yudhakkappalukal 2,700 tonn bharamullah franch aakramana antharvaahinikalaanu. yuu.ezz. 1969num 2008num idayil naavikasena niraayudhamaaya aanava antharvaahiniyaaya enr-1 deep dumbergens kraaft pravarthippichu, ithu oru yudhakkappalaayirunnilla, marichu 400 tonn bharamullah ettavum cheria aanava antharvaahiniyaayirunnu.
vimaanavahinikkappalukal.
america france aanava vimaanavahinikkappalukal nirmmichittundu.
franch naavikasena.
franch naavikasena kaattaapolttukalum arast cheiyunnavarum ulkkollunna oru kappalvaahinikkappal pravarthippikkunnu. 2001ll kammeeshan cheytha 42,000 tonn aanavorjamulla vimaanavaahinikkappalaan franch naavikasenayude (maraine naashanal) munnira. dassault rafale emm, iii-2sii hockey vimanangal, yuddha thirachilinum rakshaapravarthanathinumaayi isi725 kaarakkal, as 532 cooger helikopttarukal, aadhunika electronics, aasttar misailukal enniva kappalil undu.
american naavikasena.
american aikyanaadukalude naavikasena 11 vaahinikkappalukal pravarthippikkunnu, avayellaam aanavorjjathil pravarthikkunnavayaanu
distroyarukalum cruiserukalum.
russian naavikasena.
soviyatt naavikasenayudeyum russian naavikasenayudeyum aanavorjamulla guided misail cruiserukalude oru vibhagamaanu soviyatt padavi 'project 1144 oorlaan' (zee eegil), ettavum valuthum bhaarameriyathumaaya uparithala yudhakkappalukal (athaayath.iii. lokathil pravartthikkunna oru vimaanavaahinikkappalo ubhayachara aakramanakkappalo allah). aadhunika yudhakkappalukalil, valia vimaanavaahinikkappalukalkal sesham valippathil randaamathum randaam lokamahaayudhakaalathe yudhakkappalukalkku samanamaaya valippavumullavayaan avaa. kappal tharatthinte soviyatt vargeekaranam "hevi nuclear power guided misail cruiser" () aanu. valipavum pothuvaaya roopavum kaaranam eee kappalukale paashchaathya prathirodha vyaakhyaathaavu palappozhum battilcrusiser ennu vilikkunnu.
american naavikasena.
american aikyanaadukalude naavikasenaykku oru kaalath aanavorjamulla cruiserukal athinte kappalppadayude bhaagamaayi undaayirunnu. atharathilulla aadyathe kappal yuu. ezz. ezz. long beach (sii. jii. enn-9) aayirunnu. 1961ll kammeeshan cheyyappetta avar lokathile aadyathe aanavorja uparithala poraaliyaayirunnu. oru varshathinusesham yuu. ezz. ezz. bainbridge (dii. ell. jii. enn-25) avale pinthudarnnu. long beach" oru cruiseraayi roopakalppana cheyyukayum nirmmikkukayum cheythappol, "bainbridge" oru frigate jeevitam aarambhichu, ennirunnaalum akkaalat naavikasena "distroyer leader, guided misail, nuclear" ennivaykkaayi "dii. ell. jii. enn" enna hull coode upayogichirunnu. 
amerikkakkar nirmmikkunna avasaanathe aanavorja cruserukal naalu kappalukalayirikkum. 1976lum 1977lum 1978lum oduvil 1980lum kammeeshan cheyyappettu. aathyanthikamayi, eee kappalukalellaam paripalikkaan valare chelaveriyavayaanennu theliyikkukayum avayellaam 1993num 1999num idayil viramikkukayum cheythu.
ashayavinimayavum command kappalukalum.
soviyatt naavikasenayude command aandu kantrol naavika kappalaya ezz. ezz. vii-33 yural (ссссс-33 урал; naatto reporting naamam "kapustta" [kaabej ennathinu russian]) aayirunnu. "aanava samudra propalshanodukoodiya aanavorjamulla essivi-33-ll ninnaan ssv-33-nte puram uruthirinjathu. "ezz. ezz. vii-33" electronic intelligence, misail tracking, space tracking, communication rile rolukal ennivayil sevanamanushtichu. uyarnna pravarthanachelavu kaaranam, "ezz. ezz. vii-33" sthaapichu.
"ezz. ezz. vii-33" "neriya prathirodha aayudangal maathrame vahichirunnulloo. rund eke-176 76 emm thokkukal, naalu eke-630 30 emm thokkukal, naalu naaliratti igla misail moundukal ennivayaayirunnu avaa.
aanavorjjathil pravartthikkunna yuu. yuu. vii.
munbu russian coode neyim staattas-6 (Каняон) ennariyappettirunna posidon (Каняон, "posidon", naatto reporting namam kaanyon), rubin design beuro vikasippichukondirikku aanavashakthiyum aanavaayudhangalumulla alillah underwater vaahanamaan, parambaraagathavum aanavaparavumaaya pelodukal vitharanam cheyyaan kazhivullathaanu. russian stettu television parayunnathanusarichu, shathruvinte naavika thuramukhangalkkum theeradesha nagarangalkkumethire 200 megaattan (ithuvare pottithericha ettavum sakthamaaya upakaranamaya saar bombayekkaal naaliratti shakthavum athinte paramavadhi saidhaanthika vilavinte eratti) vare thermo nuclear cobalt bomb ethikkaan ithinu kazhiyum.
sivilian aanava kappalukal.
vaanijyaparamo sivilian upayogathilullatho aanava samudra propelsionullatho aaya kappalukalaanu inipparayunnava.
vyapara kappalukal.
aanavorjamulla sivil marchant kappalukal kurachu pareekshana kappalukalkkapuram vikasichittilla. yuu.ezz.-1962ll poortthiyaakkiya ithu praadhamikamaayi sivil aanavorjjathinte pradarshanamaayirunnu, koodaathe oru vyapara kappalayi saambathikamaayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyaathathra cheruthum chelaveriyathumaayirunnu. kaaryakshamamaya charakk kappalo praayogikamaaya passenture linero allaathathinaal roopakalppana valareyadhikam vittuveezhcha cheiyunnathaayirunnu. 1968ll poortthiyaaya jarmman nirmmitha charakk kappal gaveshana soukaryavum saankethika prashnangalonnumillathe 10 varshathinide 126 yaathrakalil chilath sanjarichu. ithu pravartthikkaan valare chelaveriyathaayi theliyikkukayum disalaki maattukayum cheythu. 1972ll poortthiyaaya japanese saankethikavum raashtreeyavumaaya prasnangalaal budhimuttilaayirunnu. athinte reactoril ganyamaaya radiation chorchayundaavukayum mathsyathozhilaalikal kappalinte pravarthanatthinethire prathishedhikkukayum cheythu. eee moonnu kappalukalum kuranja sambushtamaaya euranium upayogichirunnu. "1988ll kammeeshan cheythathinushesham vadakkan kadal pathayil vijayakaramaayi pravarthicha soviyatt, pinneedu russian aise breaking sheshiyulla "sevmorput" aanavorjjathil pravartthikkunna eaka vyapara kappalaan.
prathyeka adisthaana soukaryangalude chelavu sivilian aanava kappalukal anubavikkunnu. prathyeka aanava theera jeevanakkarum sevana soukaryavum upayogikkunna eaka kappalayathinaal "savanna" pravarthippikkaan chelaveriyathaayirunnu. oru valia kappalppadaykku kooduthal pravartthana kappalukalkkidayil nischitha chelavu pankidaan kazhiyum, ithu pravartthana chelavu kuraykkum.
ithokkeyaanengilum aanava propulsionil ippozhum thaalpparyamund. 2010 novemberil britiish maaridaim teknolajiyum lloyds rajisttarum yuu. esumaayi rund varshathe patanam aarambhichu.ezz.-hyperian oorjja uthppaadanam (ippol jenne 4 energy) adisthaanamaakkiyullathum greak kappal oopparettarmaar cherukida modular reactorukalkkulla praayogika samudra prayogangal anweshikkunnathinaayi shipping, trading sa samrambhangalum nadathunnu. hyperians polulla 70 megawatt reactorine adisthaanamaakki oru tanker-ship design nirmmikkaan uddeshichullathaanu gaveshanam. aanava propulsionil amgangalude thaalpparyathinu marupadiyaayi, loyidinte rajisttar aanava kappalukalkkayulla 'niyamangal' veendum ezhuthiyittundu, ithu karaa adisthaanamaakkiyulla regulator saakshyappeduthiya oru reactorine kappalinte backie bhagangalumaayi samyojippikkunnathinekku. designer/builder saadhaaranayaayi niyanthrana aavasyakathakal palikkunna nilavile samudra vyavasaya sanbradaayathinu vipareethamaayi, bhaviyil aanava niyanthranakkar aanava nilayathinte oopparettaraanennu urappakkaan aagrahikkum, roopakalppanayiloodeyum nirmmaanatthiloodeyum surakshaykk purame pravartthanatthile suraksha pradarshippikkunnu. aanava kappalukal nilavil avarude swantham raajyangalude utharavaadithamaanu, pakshe avayilonnum anthaaraashtra vyaapaarathil earppedunnilla. eee pravartthanatthinte falamaayi 2014-ll vaanijya aanava samudra propelsionekkurichulla rund prabandhangal loyidinte rajisttarum eee kansorshyathile mattu amgangalum prasidheekarichu. eee prasidheekaranangal maraine nuclear propulsion mekhalayile munkaala pravartthanangal avalokanam cheyyukayum 70 megawatt nuclear propulsion plaant paramavadhi thudarchayaaya ratingil (sharashari 9.75 megawatt) 23.5 megawatt vare shaaft power nalkunnathinulla badal krameekaranangalode oru parambaraagatha hull roopathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru seusemax tankerinulla praadhamika aashaya roopakalppana patanam vivarikkukayum cheiyunnu. jenne4 energy power module pariganikkunnu. ledu-bismat utectic cooling upayogikkunna oru cheria phaast-nyootron reactoraanith, koodaathe indhanam niraykkunnathinu munbu patthu poornna-power varshathekku pravartthikkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe kappalinte 25 varshathe pravartthana ayuss vare sevanathil thudarum. eee ashayam praayogikamaanenkilum aanava saankethikavidyayude kooduthal pakwathayum eee ashayam praayogikamaakunnathin munbu niyanthrana chattakkoodukalude vikasanavum samanvayavum aavasyamaanennu avar nigamanam cheiyunnu.
aagola harithagriha vathaka udvamanathinte aii. dii. 1. aayi kanakkaakkappedunna samudra shippinginte decarbonisation tharamgathil aanava propulsion veendum nirddeshikkappettittund.
aise brakerukal.
soviyattilum pinneedu russian artikkilum aanavorjamulla aise breakerukalkk saankethikamaayum saambathikamaayum aanava propulsion saadhyamaanennu theliyikkappettittund. aanava indhanamulla kappalukal varshangalolam indhanam niraykkathe pravartthikkunnu, kappalukalkk sakthamaaya enchinukalundu, ithu aise breaking joliykk anuyojyamaanu.
1959ll lokathile aadyathe aanavorja uparithala kappalaya soviyatt aise breaker "lenin" 30 varshatholam sevanathil thudarnnu (1970ll puthiya reactors sthaapichu). ithu 1975 muthal vikshepicha 23,500 tonn bharamullah aarr kappalukalude valia aise breakerukalude oru parambarayilekku nayichu. eee kappalukalkk rund reactorukalundu, avaa aazhathilulla artic vellathil upayogikkunnu. utharadhruvathilethiya aadyathe uparithala kappalaya ens "arctica" aayirunnu.
azhimukhangalilum nadikalilum polulla aazhamillaatha vellathil upayogikkunnathinaayi, aazhamillaatha draaft, "taimir" klaas aise brakerukal finlandil nirmmikkukayum pinneedu russiayil avayude single reactor nuclear propulsion sisttam gadippikkukayum cheythu. aanava kappalukalude anthaaraashtra suraksha maanadandangal paalikkunnathinaan avaa nirmmichathu.
aanavorjjathil pravartthikkunna ellah aise brakerukalum soviyatt uniono russiayo kammeeshan cheythittundu.

