
lebananile mathaswaathanthryam

pothu kramam thadassappedaathirikkuvaan mathaparavum mathaparavumaya swaathanthryavum ellah mathaparamaya aachaarangalum nadappakkaanum bharanaghadana vyavastha cheiyunnu. bharanaghadana ellah pouranmaarkkum vivechanamo mungananayumo illaathe avakaashangaludeyum kadamakaludeyum thulyatha prakhyaapikkunnu, ennaal pradhana mathavibhaagangalkkidayil adhikara santhulithaavastha sthaapikkunnu. sarkkar pothuve eee avakaashangale manikkunnu; ennirunnaalum deseeya udambadi karar muthal mathaparamaya bandhamanusarichu rashtreeya offeesukal vibhajikkunnathinulla bharanaghadanaa vyavasthaye niyanthrichu. rashtreeya adhikaarathinaayulla malsaram kaaranam mathavibhagangal thammilulla pirimurukkathekkurichu aanukaalika reportukal undaayirunnu, pouranmaar vibhageeyamaaya adisthaanathil poraadiya aabhyantharayudhathinte paarambaryavumaayi poraattam thudarnnu. rashtreeya adhikaarathinaayulla malsaram moolamundaaya vibhageeya samgharshangalkkidayilum lebanese sahavarthithvathil thudarnnu.
mathaparamaya janasamkhyaashaasthram.
1943ll oru aadhunika samsthaanamaayi sthaapithamaaya raajyathinte janasamkhya 60 lakshathiladhikamaan. kuttasammatham nadathunna grouppukal thammilulla thulyatha oru sensitiivu prashnamaayi thudarunnathinaal, 1932 muthal oru deseeya sensus nadathiyittilla. ennirunnaalum, bairoot aasthaanamaayulla gaveshana sthaapanamaaya statistiks lebanon nadatthiya ettavum puthiya janasamkhyaa padanatthil, ekadesham lebanonile janasamkhya 54 sathamaanam musleengalaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu (27 sathamaanam shiya; 27 sathamaanam sunni), 5.6 sathamaanam druze, svayam musleengalaayi kanakkaakkathavarum ennaal lebanese rashtreeya vibhajanathinu keezhil (lebanon seett alokkeshan paarlament) druze samoohathe anchu lebanese muslim kammyoonittikalil (sunni, shiya, druze, alawi, ismaili) onnaayi naamanirddesham cheythittundu; 40.4% kristhyan (21 sathamaanam maronait, 8 sathamaanam greak oorthadoox, 5 sathamaanam melkkait, 4 sathamaanam protestant, 4 sathamaanam armeniyan, mattu 1 sathamaanam kristhyaanikal. juthanmaar, bahaayikal, mormonukal, budhamathakkaar, hindukkal ennivarum valare kuravaanu.
audyogikamaayi amgeekarikkappetta 18 mathavibhagangalil 4 ennam musleengalum 12 ennam kristhyaanikalum 1 ennam druze 1 ennam jootharumaanu. shiah, sunnikalaanu islaaminte pradhana shaakhakal. alavaittukal, ismaili ("sevener") shiah oordar thudangiya shiah shaakhakalaanu ettavum cheria musleem samudaayangal. ettavum valia kristhyan grouppaaya maronait samoohathinu roman catholica sabhayumaayi noottaandukalaayi bandhamundengilum athinu athintethaaya pathriarchese, aaraadhanaakramam, sabhaa achaarangal ennivayundu. randaamathe valia kristhyan vibhaagam greak bhasha aaraadhanaakramam nilanirthunna greak oorthadoox sabhayaan. mattu lebanese kristhyaanikalum melkkait catholicar evaanchalikkalukaleppolu protestant kristhyaanikalum (baapttistukalum ezhaam divasathe adventistukalum polulla protestant grouppukal ulppede) laattinukalum (roman catholicar) aanu. lebanan kristhyan grouppukalkku anyaraaya mattu grouppukal armeniyan oorthadoox (gregorians), armeniyan catholicar, syrian oorthadoox (jacobites), syrian catholicar, assyrian (nestoriyans), kaldian, kopttukal enningane vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. svayam alle-muwahideen allengil "oru daivathil vishwasikkunnavar" ennu vilikkunna lebanese druze, beyroottinu kizhakkum thekkum grameena, parvathapradeshangalil kendreekarichirikkunnu. vividha vibhagangal thammilulla vibhajanangalum shathruthakalum niravadhi noottaandukal pazhakkamullathaanu, vyathyastha kuttasammatham nadathunna mathavishwaasikal thammilulla bandham pothuve souhaarddaparamaayirunnuve, saamskaarika edapedalukalude mikka vashangalilum group swathuam valare praadhaanyamarhichirunnu.
raajyathundaayirunna videsha missionarymar dauthyangal, schoolukal, aashupathrikal, aaraadhanaalayangal enniva nadatthi.
ayal samsthaanangalile mathaparamaya moshamaaya perumaattatthilum vivechanathilum ninnu palayanam cheytha niravadhi aalukal raajyathekku kudiyeri, iraakhil ninnulla kurdukal, shiah, assyriakkaar/kaldiakkaar, eejipt, sudan, libia ennividangalil ninnulla kopttukal ennivarulppede. sensus daattayude abhavavum eee grouppukalude samskaaravumaayi swaamsheekarikkaanulla pravanathayum kaaranam krithyamaaya kanakkukal labhyamayirunnilla.
niyamaparavum nayaparavumaaya chattakkood.
pothu kramam thadassappedaathirikkukaane mathaswaathanthryavum ellah mathaparamaya aachaarangalum anushttikkaanulla swaathanthryavum bharanaghadana nalkunnu. ellah mathangaleyum vibhaagangaleyum bahumanikkaanum ellah mathavibhaagathileyum vyakthikalude vyakthiparamaaya padaviyodum mathaparamaya thaalpparyangalodum bahumanam urappakkaanum bharanaghadana aavashyappedunnu. bharanaghadana ellah pouranmaarkkum vivechanamo mungananayumo illaathe avakaashangaludeyum kadamakaludeyum thulyatha prakhyaapikkunnu, ennaal pradhana mathavibhaagangalkkidayil vitharanam cheiyunna adhikara santhulithaavastha nirddeshikkunnu. sarkkar pothuve eee avakaashangale aadarichu; ennirunnaalum, chila niyanthranangalundaayirunnu, mathaparamaya bandhamanusarichu rashtreeya offeesukal vibhajikkunnathinulla bharanaghadanaa vyavasthaye antharleenamaayi vivechanaparamaayi kaanam.
vivaham, vivaahamochanam, kuttikalude samrakshanam, anantharaavakaasham thudangiya vyakthiparamaaya padaviyumaayi bandhapetta kaaryangalil adikaaram prayogikkaan amgeekritha mathavibhaagangale sarkkar anuvadikkunnu. twelver" shiah, sunni, kristhyan, druze kuttasammatham ennivaykku kudumba, vyakthigatha padavi niyamam niyanthrikkunna sarkkar niyamicha, sarkkar subsidiyulla clerical kodathikalundu.
lebanese kristhyaanikaleyum lebanese musleengaleyum paarlamentilum manthrisabhayilum unnathala sivil sarvees sthaanangalilum thulyamaayi prathinidheekarikkanamennu bharanaghadana vyavastha cheiyunnu, athil sekrattari generalinteyum director generalinteyum manthraalaya raankukal ulppedunnu. eee tasthikakal amgeekritha mathavibhaagangalkkidayil aanupaathikamaayi vitharanam cheyyanamennum athil vyavasthayundu. mathaparamaya praathinidhya thathwamanusarichu rashtreeya adikaaravum sthaanangalum vitharanam cheiyunnathinulla bharanaghadanaa vyavastha eathenkilum oru kuttasammatham nadathunna groupinu aadhipathyam nedunnathu thadayunnathinaanu roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. 1943leeii deseeya udambadi prakaram president, pradhaanamantri, paarlament speaker ennivar yathaakramam maronait kristhyan, sunni muslim, shiah muslim aayirikkanam. rashtreeya adhikaarathinte eee vitharanam deseeya, praadeshika thalangalil pravartthikkunnu.
1989leeii 15 varshathe aabhyantharayudham avasaanippicha taif karar eee krameekaranam aavarthichuvenkilum, paarlamentil musleem praathinidhyam vardhippikkanamennu nirbandhikkukayum athu kristhyan samoohathinu thulyamaakukayum kristhyan maronait presidencyude adikaaram kuraykkukayum cheythu. koodaathe, raajyathe 15 varshathe aabhyantharayudham avasaanippicha taif karar, mathaparamaya bandhamanusarichu mikka muthirnna sarkkar udyogasthareyum niyamikkunnathinulla bharanaghadanaa vyavasthaye amgeekarichu. sarkkaarinte moonnu shaakhakalilum eee sambradaayam praabalyathilundu. musleengalkkum kristhyaanikalkkum thulyamaayi anuvadicha adikaaramulla oru manthrisabhayum taif karar vyavastha cheythu. eee "kuttasammatham" samvidaanam maattaan rashtreeya sthaapanangal vimukhatha kaanikkunnu, kaaranam pouranmaar ithu raajyathinte sthirathaykku nirnaayakamaanennu karuthunnu.
mathavibhagangalkk mikka mathaparamaya pravartthanangalum nadatthaan sarkkaarinte aupachaarika amgeekaaram niyamaparamaaya oru aavasyakathayaanu. audyogika amgeekaaram thedunna oru samgham atharam thathwangal janakeeya moolyangalkko bharanaghadanaykko virudhamallennu urappakkaan sarkkar avalokanathinaayi athinte sidhaanthathinteyum dhaarmika thathwangaludeyum oru prasthavana samarppikkanam. athinte thudarcha nilanirthaan anuyaayikalude ennam paryaapthamaanennu group urappaakkanam.
pakaramaayi, mathavibhagangalkk amgeekritha mathavibhagangal vazhi amgeekaarathinaayi apekshikkaam. nikuthi ozhivakkal padavi, vyakthiparamaaya staattas vishayangalil mathatthinte kodukal prayogikkaanulla avakasham thudangiya chila aanukoolyangal audyogika amgeekaaram nalkunnu. cheraan aagrahikkunna mathavibhaagathinte thalavan eee maattam amgeekarichuvenkil oru vyakthikk mathangal maaram. nirasikkal praayogikamaayi nadakkunnathaayi report cheyyappettitla. matham deseeya thirichariyal kaardukalil encode cheyyukayum ikhraaj khaayid (audyogika registry) rekhakalil rekhappeduthukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe pouranmaarude puthiya mathaparamaya padavi prathifalippikkunnathina avarude sivil rekhakal mattaanulla abhyarthanakal sarkkar paalikkunnu.
bahaayikal, budhamathakkaar, hindukkal, rajisttar cheyyaatha protestant kristhyan grouppukal thudangiya chila mathavibhagangalkk audyogika amgeekaaram labhikkunnilla. chila sarkkar sthaanangalkku yogyathayillathathinaal niyamaprakaaram avar pinnakkam nilkkunnu, pakshe avarude mathaparamaya achaarangal swathanthramaayi nadatthaan avarkk anuvaadamundu. udaaharanathinu, bahayi vishwaasathinte oru anuyaayikk oru bahayi sthaanaarthiyaayi paarlamentilekku malsarikkaan kazhiyilla, kaaranam kuttasammatham nadatthaan oru seettum anuvadichilla, atharam oru vyakthikk sarkkaaril muthirnna sthaanangal vahikkaan kazhiyilla, kaaranam ivayum kuttasammatham adisthaanathil anuvadichittundu. ennirunnaalum, rajisttar cheyyaatha mathavibhaagangalile niravadhi amgangal amgeekritha mathangalkk keezhil rekhappeduthiyittundu. udaaharanathinu, mikka bahaayikalum shiah vibhaagathin keezhil rajisttar cheythittullavaraanu. athinaal, bahaay samudaayathile oru amgathinu sthaanathekku malsarikkaanum shiah vibhaagathin anuvadicha oru seett nikathaanum kazhiyum. athupole, mormonukal greak yaadhaasthithika vishwaasathinu keezhil rajisttar cheythittundu. mathavibhagangalkk audyogika amgeekaaram nalkunnathinulla sarkkar theerumaanangal ekapaksheeyamaanennu thonnunnilla.
rajisttar cheytha ellah mathangaludeyum mathaparamaya vasthukkal vividha bhashakalil prasidheekarikkaan sarkkar anuvadikkunnu.
thaazhepparayunna vishudha dinangale sarkkar deseeya avadhi divasangalaayi amgeekarikkunnu armeniyan chrismus, eedh alle-adha, sent. maraun dinam, islaamika puthuvarsham, ashura, good frieday, eesttar (paashchaathya, kizhakkan achaarangal), pravaachakan muhammadinte jananam, ellah vishudharudeyum dinam, anumaanathinte utsavam, eedh alle-fither, chrismus. armeniyan pothumekhalaa jeevanakkaare sent. iii. oo. yill jolie cheiyunnathil ninnu sarkkar ozhivaakkunnu. varthan dinam.
mathaswaathanthryathinu mail niyanthranangal.
vaidagdhyathinum kazhivinum" anukoolamaayi rashtreeya vibhaageeyathaye aathyanthikamayi illaathaakkanamennu 1989 leeii taif karar aavasyappettu; ennirunnaalum, ekkaaryathil kaaryamaaya purogathi undayittilla.
baahaikal, budhamathakkaar, hindukkal, chila suvisheshaka vibhagangal thudangiya amgeekrithamallaatha grouppukalkku swath swanthamaakkaanum sarkkar edapedalillaathe aaraadhanaykkaayi othukoodaanum kazhiyum; ennirunnaalum, niyamaparamaayi avarkk rajyath vivaham kazhikkaano vivaahamochanam nedaano swath avakashamaakkaano kazhiyaathathinal niyamaprakaaram avar pinnakkam nilkkunnu. protestant ivaanchalikkal pallikal sarkkarinoppam aaa pallikale prathinidheekarikkunna sarkkarithara upadeshaka grouppaaya ivaanchalikkal sinadil rajisttar cheyyendathundu. ithu svayambharanamullathum protestant sabhakalude mathaparamaya kaaryangalkk melnottam vahikkunnathumaan. 1975 muthal puthiya protestant grouppukale amgathvathilekku sweekarikkaan syned visammathichathayum athuvazhi aaa samudaayangalile amgangale shushrooshikkaanulla purohitharude kazhivine durbalappeduthiyathaayum chila pallikalude prathinidhikal paraathipettittund.
pala kudumbangalkkum vividha mathavibhagangalilppetta bandhukkalund, antharvivaaham asaadhaaranamalla; ennirunnaalum, chila grouppukalile amgangalkkidayil antharvivaaham krameekarikkunnath praayogikamaayi budhimuttaanu. muslimkalude vyakthiparamaaya padavi vishayangalil baadhakamaaya shariat, oru musleem sthreeyumaayi oru amuslim purushante vivaham nirodhichirikkunnu. druze mathanethaakkal druze dambathikalude maathram vivahangal nadatthum. sivil vivaahathin nadapadikramangalonnumilla; ennirunnaalum, raajyathin purathu nadakkunna sivil vivaha chadangukal sarkkar amgeekarikkunnu.
mathaparivarthanam (allengil aalukale mattoru mathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyuka), niyamaprakaaram shikshikkappedaathathaane, mathanethaakkalum samoohangalum athine shakthamayi niruthsaahappeduthunnu, chilappol akramatthinte bheeshaniyum undu. athath vibhaagathinte neethrthwa kaunsilukal muthirnna clerical thasthikakalilekku niyamanangal nadathunnu. udaaharanathinu, sunniyudeyum shiah mufthikaludeyum naamanirddesham sarkkaarinte manthrisabha audyogikamaayi amgeekarikkukayum avarkk sarkkaaril ninnu prathimasa shambalam labikkukayum cheiyunnu. sarkkar musleengalude shambalavum niyamanavum nadathukayum sabhaa jadjimaare shikshikkukayum cheiyunnu. roman catholicar, greak yaadhaasthithikar thudangiya mattu mathavibhaagangalude nethaakkalkku sarkkaaril ninnu shambalam labhikkunnilla.
pouranmaarude mathaparamaya bandhangal avarude paasporttukalil soochippikkanamennu sarkkar aavashyappedunnilla; ennirunnaalum, mathaparamaya bandhangal deseeya thirichariyal kaardukalil encode cheyyukayum ikhraaj khaayid rekhakalil rekhappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. sarkkar jolie nedunnathino sarvakalashaalayil cherunnathino jolie cheiyunnathino polulla vividha aavasyangalkkaayi apekshikkumbol pouranmaarkku thirichariyal cardinu pakaram vyakthigatha staattas vivarangal soochippikkunna sivil rekhayaaya ikhraaj khaayid avatharippikkam.
mikka kesukalilum mathavibhagangal avarude swantham kudumba, vyakthigatha padavi niyamangal niyanthrikkunnu. eee niyamangalil palathum sthreekalodu vivechanam kaanikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, sunni anantharaavakaasha niyamam oru makanu oru makalude eratti anantharaavakaasham nalkunnu. musleem purushanmaarkk eluppathil vivaahamochanam nedaamenkilum, musleem sthreekalkku avarude bharthaakkanmaarude sammathathode maathrame athu cheyyaan kazhiyoo.
lebanan shikshaaniyamathile article 473 prakaram "daivathe parasyamaayi daivaninda cheythathinu" sikshikkappetta arcum paramavadhi oru varsham thadavu shikshayaan."reporting kaalayalavil eee niyamaprakaaram prosecutionukalonnum report cheyyappettitla.
tourist visayil jolie cheiyunna vidyaarthikalum adhyaapakarum avarude visa padavi lamghichathaayi kanakkaakkukayum thathfalamaayi naadukadatthappedukayum cheiyunnu. sarkkar rajisttar cheytha mathasamghadanayude aabhimukhyathil pravartthikkaattha matha pravartthakarkkum ithe anumathi baadhakamaan.
rajyath mathathadavukaareyo thadavukaareyo kurichu reportukalonnumilla.
nirbandhitha mathaparivarthanam.
lebananil nirbandhitha mathaparivarthanam nadannathaayi reportukalonnumilla.
2004 eprilil cases audyogikamaayi avasaanippichenkilum, kristhyan, missionary ivaanchalikkal sakhyavumayi bandhapetta oru american poura missionaryude 2002 leeii kolapaathakathinu oru sthiramaaya thirachil vaarant praabalyatthil thudarnnu. kolapaathakasamayathe anweshanangal soochippikkunnathu aduthulla ainn alle-hillway palestine abhayaarthi campil ninnu pravartthikkunna suni theevravaadikalaanu utharavaadikal ennaanu.

