
tiger

juuliyan march tii yude viplava samghadanayaaya "traast", "istra", "gorica", "reca" ennivayude churukkapperaaya tiger.aii.jii.aarr. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham italiyude bhagamaaya muun austro-hangarian pradeshangalude bhagamaaya sloveen, crott janathayude phaasist itaaliyanvalkkaranathinulla prathikaranamaayi sthaapithamaaya oru theevravaada phaasist virudha, vimatha samghadanayaayirunnu (), akkaalat juuliyan march ennariyappettirunnu. europile aadyathe phaasist virudha prathirodha prasthaanangalilonnaayi ithu kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1927num 1941num idayil ithu sajeevamaayirunnu.
pashchaathalam.
 vividha janangalkkum vamseeya vibhagangalkkum thaarathamyena valia thothilulla saamskaarika svayambharanaavakaasham anuvadicha oru bahurashtra saamraajyamaayirunnu austro-hungarian rajavaazhcha, itali oru deseeya rajyamaayirunnu, koodaathe prathyeka deseeya prasthaanangalum swathuangalum nilanirthaan anuvadikkaan athinte sarkkaarukalkk uddeshamundaayirunnil. pothubharanatthilum vidyaabhyaasa sanbradaayathilum sloveen, croatian bhaashakalude upayogam sambandhicha prasnangal itaaliyan adhikaarikalum sloveen, croatian nyoonapakshangalum thammilulla pradhana tarkka vishayamaayi maari.
1922ll phaasist prasthaanam adhikaarathil vannathinushesham, itaaliyanvalkkaranathinte bhaagamaayi adima virudha nayangal nadappaakki. 1923ll poost offeesukalum pothugathagatha maargangalum ulppede ellah pothu offeesukalilum sloveen, croatian ennivayude upayogam nirodhichu. athe varsham, vijatheeya parishkkaranam itaaliyan bhasha pothu vidyaabhyaasathinte eaka bhashayaayi prakhyaapichu; 1928 aayappozhekkum swakaarya schoolukal ulppede sloveen, croatian skoolukalellaam adachupootti. 1925ll sloveen, croatian ennivayude upayogam kodathikalil nirodhichu. pattanangaludeyum vaasasthalangaludeyum ellah sloveen, croatian perukalum itaaliyanvalkkarikkutpu. 1927 aayappozhekkum sloveen, croatian ennivayude ellah pothu upayogavum nirodhichu. kuttikalkk slavik perukal nalkunnathu nirodhichu, koodaathe slavik shabdamullah ellah kudumbapperukalkkum bharanaparamaayi itaaliyan shabdamullah roopam nalki. phaasist itaaliyanvalkkaranam kallarakalile slavik likhithangal nirodhichu.
1927 aayappozhekkum sloveen, croatian nyoonapakshangalude kaikalilulla ellah saambathika, saambathika sthaapanangaleyum pole ellah sloveen, croatian associationukalum-rashtreeya associationukal mathramalla, saamskaarika, vidyaabhyaasa, kaayika associationukalum-pirichuvittu. 1928 muthal, samsthaana niyamam pallikalil sloveen, croatian ennivayude upayogam parimithappedutthaan thudangi, 1934 ll, roman catholica aaraadhanaakramathil (paattukalum prabhaashanangalum ulppede) sloveen, croatian ennivayude ellah upayogavum nirodhichu.
eee nayatthinte falamaayi pathinaayirakkanakkin aalukal videshathekku kudiyeri, kooduthalum yougoslaviayilekkum thekke amerikkayilekkum.
ghadanayum pravartthanavum.
muun austriyan theerathu ninnulla theevravaadi (kooduthalum deseeya liberal) sloveen yuvaakkalum athinte pinthuna valare durbalamaayirunna isthriyayile kurachu krottukalum athinte amgathvathil ulppettirunnu. eee samghadanayile niravadhi amgangal yougoslavumaayum britiish intelligence sevanangalumaayum bandhappettirunnuvenkum avaril palarum sainika pariseelanam nediyavaraayirunnu. akramasakthamaaya phaasist itaaliyanvalkkaranathirene pooraadukayum slovenian theerapradeshamaaya istriya, rijeka enniva yoogoslaaviyayumaayi kootticherkkuka ennathaayirunnu samghadanayude lakshyam.
itaaliyan, jarmman mannil niravadhi bomb aakramanangalum itaaliyan sainika udyogasthar, police senakal, sivil sarvees udyogasthar, deseeya phaasist partyile pramukha amgangal ennivarude kolapaathakangalum kaduva nadatthi. phaasist bharanakoodatthinethire oru janakeeya prakshobhavum athu aasoothranam cheythu, athu orikkalum nadappakkappettilla. eee pravartthanangal kaaranam, itaaliyan bharanakoodam ithine oru theevravaada samghadanayaayi kanakkakki.
1940lum 1941lum faasisam virudharude jagrathaykkum adichamarthalinum vendiyulla samghadana eee samghadanaye thakarthu. athinte amgangalil palarum randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu slovenian janathayude vimochana munnaniyil chernnu. yudhathinushesham, niravadhi muun kaduva pravartthakare yugoslav communist adhikaarikal peedippichu.
aadyakaala pravartthanam.
juuliyan maarchile aadyathe samghaditha phaasist virudha prathirodha pravartthanangal 1920 kalude madhyathil mekhalayile ettavum kizhakke jillakalil (posttojna, ilirska bistrica ennivaykku chuttum), yougoslaviayude athirthiyil aarambhichu. praadeshika sloven pravartthakar yugoslav deseeya samghadanayaaya oorjunayumaayi bandham sthaapikkukayum itaaliyan sainyathinum police udyogastharkkum nere aadya akramanangal nadathukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum iva kooduthalum samghadanaa pashchaathalamillaatha vyakthigatha pravarthanangalaayirunnu. sloveen phaasist virudha pravartthakarum oorjunayum thammilulla bandham mattoru prathyayashaasthra ajanda kaaranam taamasiyaathe thakarnnu.
1927 septambaril, sloveen liberal deseeyavaada pravartthakarude oru samgham vipava thaazhvaraykku mukalilulla nanos peedabhoomiyil koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum traiste, isthriya, gorrisia, rijeka ennivayude perukalude churukkapperaaya tiger enna oru kalapa samghadana roopeekarikkaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. kurachu maasangalkk sesham, tristeyil mattoru yogam nadannu, avide munpanthiyilulla oru samgham "borba" (phaitt) enna samghadana sthaapichu, athil istriyayil ninnulla chila crott aaktivisttukalum ulppedunnu. thudakkam muthal thanne iruvibhaagangalum adutha sakhyathilaanu pravarthichathu.
triste, kaarst peedabhoomi, innar carneola, tolmin jilla ennividangalil ninnulla sloven purogamana desheeyavaadikalaaya yuvaakkalaan eee rund samghadanakalum roopeekarichathu. 1927num 1930num idayil, samghadana deseeya phaasist party (itaaliyan, sloven) vyakthigatha amgangalkko pinthunakkaarkko nere niravadhi akramanangal nadathukayum niravadhi adichamarthal shakthikale kollukayum cheythu carabiniary, athirthi gaardukal, sainika udyogasthar.
gorrisia mekhalayil, tiger samghadana parasyamaayi akramasakthamaaya pravarthanangalil ninnu samyojippikkukayum janasamkhyayude valiyoru vibhaagam thammilulla prachaaranatthilum niyamavirudhamaaya vidyaabhyaasa, saamskaarika, rashtreeya pravarthanangalilum kooduthal shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheythu. abhibhashakanaaya janco kraljineyum purohithanaaya virjil shkine kendreekarichulla kristhyan soshyalist aaktivistukal samghadippicha bhoogarbha catholica shringalayumaayi tigerinte gorrisia vibhaagam adutha bandham sthaapichu.
isthriyayil, beramil ninnulla (paasinu sameepam) crott aaktivistaaya vladymyr gortanaanu tiger selline nayichathu. mikka sloveen cellukalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, police konvoykkethiraaya akramanangal polulla thuranna prakadana pravartthanangal gorten thiranjedutthu. 1929 maarchil phaasist hitaparisodhanaykkide addeham passin pattanathinaduthulla oru polling steshanil raid nadatthi oru karshakane vadhichu. taamasiyaathe, itaaliyan police addehathe pidikoodi vadhichu.
1930 februvari 10 nuu "ill poppolo dii triste" enna pathratthinte aasthaanathu, edittar guido neriye kollunna oru bomb kaduva sthaapikkunnu. mattu moonnu pathrapravarthakarkkum typographermark parikkettu.
1930ll itaaliyan phaasist police chila kaduvakalude koshangal kandethi. aadyathe traiste vichaaranayilaan samghadanayile niravadhi amgangalkku shiksha vidhichathu; avaril naalu perkku (ferdo bidovec, fran marussic, swonimir milos, alojij valensic) kolapaathakakkuttam chumatthi vadhasiksha vidhikkukayum tristeykku sameepamulla basovissayil () vadikkukayum cheythu.
1930kalil punasamghadana.
1930leeii vichaaranaykk sesham albert rejekkinteyum danilo selanteyum neethrthwathil samghadana vegathil svayam punasamghadippichu. athu athinte amgathvam vipuleekarikkukayum thanthrangal maattukayum cheythu. pratheekathmaka vyakthikalum phaasist adichamarthal sthaapanangalkkum nereyulla prakadana aakramanangalkk pakaram, avar adisthaana soukaryangalkkum unnatha sainika, pourasena, police udyogastharkkum nereyulla lakshyamitta akramanangal thiranjedutthu. avar vishalamaaya oru rahasyaanveshana shringhala nirmmikkukayum britiish, yugoslav rahasyaanveshana sevanangalumayi bandham sthaapikkukayum cheythu. prathyayashaasthraparamaaya pracharanam sakthamaakki.
1920kalude avasaanathil oorjuna polulla theevravaadi yugoslav deseeya prasthaanangalumaayi eee samghadanaykku adutha bandhamundaayirunnuvenkum 1930-kalile punasamghadanaykku sesham athu kooduthal idathupaksha prathyayashaasthram sweekarichu. itaaliyan phaasist virudha samghadanakalumaayi (guesteesiya iii liberta enna samghadanayumaayi ulppede) niravadhi bandhangal sthaapikkappettu. 1935ll italiyile communist partyumaayi tiger oru sahakarana karaaril oppuvachu. ennirunnaalum, praadeshika sloveen, crott roman catholica thaazhnna purohitharumaayum istriyayileyum slovenian theeradeshatheyum thaazhethattil ninnulla samghadanakalumaayum adutha bandham nilanirthikkondu ellah prathyayashaasthra vibhagangalkkum mukalilaayi thudaraan kaduva shramichu.
samghadana aasoothranam cheytha pravarthanangalil, ettavum dheeravum dooravyaapakavumaayathu orupakshe 1938-ll benitoo musoliniyude jeevan apaharikkanulla sramamaayirunnu. 1938-ll svechaadhipathi cobarid (annu audyogikamaayi kaporetto ennariyappettirunnu) sandarshichappol padhathi nadappaakkendathaayirunnu. musolini munichu kararilekku nayicha charchakalil sajeeva punk vahichirunna samayangalil atharam nadapadiye ethirtha britiish intalijansinte sammarddam kaaranam avasana nimisham padhathi maattivachu.
1938-ll austriyayile "ansless" nuu sesham, tiger athinte pravartthanam ayalrajyamaaya naasi jarmmaniyilekku vyapippichu, praadhamikamaayi nirnaayaka adisthaana soukaryangalkkethiraaya bomb nadapadikalil shradha kendreekarichu railway, hye-volteju vaidyuthi lineukal. eee nadapadikal phaasist bharanakoodatthinte samagramaya anweshanathilekku nayichu, ithu 1940/1941 leeii mikka tiger koshangalum velippeduthi.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
1941-ll randaam traiste vichaaranayile chaarapravartthanathinum bheekaravaadathinum niravadhi amgangale kuttavimuktharakki; avaril naalupere (victor bobeck, ivan ivensic, simoon koos, ivan vadnal) athe varsham thanne communist aaktivist pinko tomassicinoppam samyukthamaayi tristeykkaduthulla villa opisinayil vadhichu. 1941 eprilil yougoslaviayude achuthandu adhinivesha samayat, samghadanayude bhooribhaagavum itaaliyan, naasi jarmman rahasya police athinte pramukha amgangalil bhooribhaagavum thadankalppaalayangalilekku ayaykkappedukayum kollappedukayo naadukadatthappedukayo cheythu. 1941 meyy 13 nuu, podtaborinu mukalilulla kunnukalil, randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu moonnu tiger amgangal slovenian pradeshathu axis senakalkkethire aadyathe sayudha prathirodham nadatthi, athil danilo selen (1907-1941) aayirunnu axis senakale prathirodhikkunna pooraattatthil maricha aadyathe slovenian.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, athinte amgangalil palarum pakshapathaparamaaya cheruthunilppil chernnu, ennirunnaalum samghadanaye thanne slovenian janathayude vimochana munnaniyil cheraan kshanichirunnilla.
anantharafalangalum paarambaryavum.
1945ll yugoslaviayil communist bharanam sthaapithamaayathinushesham, mikka muun tiger amgangaleyum pothujeevithatthil ninnu neekkam cheythu. 1970kall vare yugoslav rahasya police chila kaduvakale sookshumamaayi nireekshichukondirunnu. avarude pravartthanam audyogika charitra vivaranagalil ninnu neekkam cheythu.
1970 kalude avasaanathode kaduvayude pravarthanathekkurichu aadyathe charitraparamaaya vivaranagal prathyakshappedaan thudangi. ennirunnaalum, 1980kalil maathramaan avarude prathirodha pravartthanangal veendum prashamsikkappedaan thudangiyathu, eee vishayathil niravadhi charithrapusthakangal ezhuthappettu. charitrakaaranaaya milikka cassin vohins 1990 ll prasidheekaricha "europile aadyathe faasisam virudhatha" enna thalakkettilulla oru monographyloode prasthaanathekkurichu samagramaya patanam nadathiyavaril oraalaan.
1990kaliludaneelam, kaduvayude charithrathinu vardhicha pracharam labikkukayum pothu prasamgangalil paraamarsikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. 1994-ll, "association phoor dhaa nutrition oof desasneha paarambaryangal oof slovenian kadal samghadanayaaya tiger" (samsaarabhashayil "association tiger" allengil "paartriyatik association tiger" ennariyappedunnu) postojnayil roopeekarikkukayum oduvil tiger paarambaryatthe kriyaathmakamaayi vilayiruthunnathinte pradhana promoteraayi maarukayum cheythu.
1997-ll slovenian theerapradesham soshyalist republic oof sloveniayumaayi koottichertthathinte ambathaam vaarshikathil, annathe slovenian president milan kuchan, samghadanayaaya tigerinu sloveniayile ettavum uyarnna samsthaana bahumathiyaaya republic oof sloveniayude swaathanthryathinte suvarnna bahumathiyaaya chihnamaayi ("slathi Çastni znak svobode republyk slovenige") pratheekaathmakamaayi namakaranam cheythu.
1990kall muthal, kaduva pravartthakarudeyum avarude pravarthanangaludeyum smaranaykkaayi niravadhi smaarakangalum smaaraka falakangalum sthaapichittundu.

