
nananja vipani

maamsam, malsyam, uthppannangal, mattu upabhogathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla kedaakunna vasthukkal enniva supermarket ithara krameekaranatthil vilkkunna oru vipaniyaanu eerppa vipani (pothu vipani allengil parambaraagatha vipani ennum ariyappedunnu), thunitharangal, adukkala saamagrikal, electronics thudangiya modiyulla saadhanangal vilkkunna "dry maarkkattukalil" ninnu vyathyasthamayi. karshaka vipanikal, malsya vipanikal, vanyajeevi vipanikal thudangi vaividhyamaarnna vipanikal ithil ulppedunnu. ellah eerppa vipanikalum jeevanulla mrugangale vilkkunnillenkilum, hongongile kozhi polulla upabhokthakkal vaangumbol mrugangale wendermar arukkunna oru jeevanulla mruga vpaniye soochippikkaan eerppa vipani enna padam chilappol upayogikkunnu. lokathinte pala bhagangalilum, prathyekichu chaina, thekkukizhakkan eshya, dakshineshya ennividangalil eerppamulla vipanikal saadhaaranamaanu. vilanirnayam, bhakshanathinte puthuma, saamoohika edapedal, praadeshika samskaarangal thudangiya gadakangal kaaranam avaa palappozhum nagara bhakshyasurakshayil nirnaayaka punk vahikkunnu.
mikka eerppamulla vipanikalum vanyamo videshamo aaya mrugangalil vyapaaram nadathunnilla, ennaal chilath covid-19, echu5enn1 eviyan influvensa, severe acute respiratory syndrome (saars), mankipox ennivayulppedeyulla sunotic rogangalude pottippurappedalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. pala raajyangalum eerppamulla vipanikalil vanyajeevikale sookshikkunnathu nirodhichittundu. ellah eerppa vipanikalum jeevanulla mrugangalo vanyajeevikalo ullavayum thammil verthirichariyaan kazhiyaatha maadyama reportukalum vanyajeevi kallakkadathu valarthunnathinekkurichu aaropanangalum covid-19 pakarchavyaadhiyumaayi bandhapetta synophobiac aakkam koottunnathaayi aaropikkappedunnu.
pashchaathalam.
padavali.
1970 kalude thudakkathil singappooril janapriyamaaya soopparmaarkkattukalil ninnu atharam parambaraagatha vipanikale verthirichariyaan sarkkar ithu upayogichappol "vettu maarkkat" enna padam saadhaarana upayogathilekku vannu. thekkukizhakkan eshyayiludaneelam upayogikkunna oru padamaayi 2016 ll ooksfoord engleesh nighanduvil (oo. iii. dii) eee padam chertthu. 1978-ll singappoorile "kadalidukku kaalam" muthal "oidi" eee padam aadyamaayi upayogichu.
eerppamulla maarkkattile" "eerppamulla" "ennathu bhakshanam kedakaathirikkaan upayogikkunna aise urukal, irachiyum kadalvibhavangalum kazhukunna staalukal, eerppamulla vipanikalil saadhaaranamaaya puthiya uthppannangal thalikkunnathu enniva kaaranam nirantharam eerppamulla nilakale soochippikkunnu".
pothu vipani" enna padam "vettu maarkkat" ennathinte paryayamaayirikkaam, ennirunnaalum ithu chilappol sarkkar udamasthathayilullathum community udamasthathayilullathumaaya vettu maarkkattukale maathram soochippikkaam. pradhaanamaayum pazhangalum pachakkarikalum polulla puthiya uthppannangal vilkkunna niravadhi malsaraadhishtitha kachavadakkaar adangunna vipanikale paraamarshikkumbol eerppamulla vipanikale "puthiya bhakshya vipanikal" ennum "nalla bhakshya vipanikal" ennum vilikkam. vettu maarkkat" enna padam palappozhum upabhokthaakkalkk nerittu vilkkunna oru sajeeva mruga vpaniye soochippikkaan upayogikkunnu, ennirunnaalum eee padangal paryaayamalla.
vettu maarkkat" enna padam vanyamrugangalum vanyajeevi uthppannangalum vilkkunna vipanikale soochippikkaamenkilum, vanyajeevi uthppannangal adangiya vipanikale maathram soochippikkunna "vanyajeevi vipani" enna padatthinte paryaayamalla ithu.
tharangal.
puthiya uthppannangalum mamsavum vilkkunna vipanikale vyakthamaakkunna "vettu maarkkat" enna padatthil vaividhyamaarnna vipanikal ulppedunnu. eerppamulla vipanikale avayude udamasthaavakaasha ghadana (swakaarya udamasthathayilulla, sarkkar udamasthathayilulla allengil community udamasthathayilulla), skeyil (motha allengil chillara), uthppannangal (pazhangal, pachakkarikal, arutha maamsam allengil jeevanulla mrugangal) enniva anusarichu tharamthirikkaam. irachi saadhanasaamagrikal valarthumrigangalil ninnaano atho vanyamrugangalil ninnaano uthbhavikkunnath ennathine adisthaanamaakki avaye kooduthal upavibhagamaakkaam.
parambaraagatha eerppa vipanikal saadhaaranayaayi thaalkkaalika shedukal, ooppan eyar sittukal allengil bhaagikamaayi thuranna vaanijya samuchayangalilaan sthithicheyyunnathu, athesamayam aadhunika eerppa vipanikal palappozhum mechappetta vaayusanjaaram, maravippikkal, rafrijareshan soukaryangal enniva sajjeekarichirikkunna kettidangalilaanu sthithicheyyunnathu.
saambathika punk.
cheria alavum sthirathaykku kuranja oonnalum kaaranam soopparmaarkkattukalekkaal irakkumathi cheytha charakkukale aashrayikkunnath eerppamulla vipanikal kuravaanu. 2019 leeii bhakshyasurakshaa padanatthil eerppamulla vipanikale "nagara bhakshyasuraksha urappakkunnathil nirnaayakam" ennu visheshippichittundu, prathyekichu chainees nagarangalil. nagara bhakshyasurakshaye pinthunaykkunnathil eerppamulla vipanikalude punk bhakshyavilanirnayavum bhouthikamaaya labhyathayum ulppedunnu.
nagarapatanangalile academic prabandhangal, bhakshyavitharanathekkurichallu padanangal, singapur deseeya paristhithi ejansi enniva kuranja vila, bhakshanathinte kooduthal puthuma, vilapeshalinum saamoohika edapedalinum soukaryamorukkal enniva eerppamulla vipanikalude sthirathayude pradhana kaaranangalayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. eerppamulla vipanikalude nilanilppin kaaranam "sheetheekaricha maamsathinu pakaram puthuthayi arukkunna mamsavum malsyavum aavashyappedunna paachaka paarambaryangalaanu".
kaarshika adhishtitha sambadvyavasthayulla vikaswara rajyangalil, parambaraagatha eerppa vipanikaliloodeyo irachi staalukaliloodeyo aanu puthiya maamsam pradhaanamaayum vitharanam cheiyunnathu. puthiya maamsam vilkkunna eerppamulla vipanikal palappozhum aravu soukaryangalumaayi bandhippichirikkunnu allengil aduthaanu sthithicheyyunnathu.
vanyajeevi vipanikalum soonosukalum.
shuchithva maanadandangal paalichillengil, eerppamulla vipanikalkku rogam pakaraan kazhiyum. jeevanulla mrugangaleyum vanyajeevikaleyum vahikkunnavarkk soonosukal pakaraan prathyekichum uyarnna apakadasaadhyathayund. thuranna manass kaaranam, puthuthayi parichayappedutthiya mrugangal vilppana klarkkukal, kashaappukal, upabhokthakkal allengil avar orikkalum kaattumayi edapazhakaathirikkunna mattu mrugangalumaayi nerittu sanbarkkam pulartthiyekkaam. ithu chila mrugangale idatharam aathidheyanmaaraayi pravartthikkaan anuvadikkukayum oru rogam manushyarilekku padaraan sahayikkukayum cheythekkaam.
covid-19, echu5enn1 eviyan flue, severe acute respiratory syndrome (saars), mankipox ennivayulppedeyulla sunotic rogangalude pottippurappedal sunotic vyaapanathinulla saadhyatha valareyadhikam vardhikkunna live vanyajeevi vipanikalil kandethiyittundu. chainayile vanyajeevi vipanikal 2002 leeii saars pottippurapettathil ulppettittund; vipaniyude anthareeksham sunotic uthbhavamulla corona virusukalkku anuyojyamaaya saahacharyangal nalkiyathaayi karuthappedunnu, ithu pottippurappedaan kaaranamavukayum pinneedu manushyarilekku vyaapikkukayum cheythu. covid-19 mahamariyude krithyamaaya uthbhavam 2021 februvariyile kanakkanusarichu ithuvare sthireekarichittilla, aadyakaala kesukalil moonnil rund bhaagavum nerittu vipaniyumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthiyenna reportukal kaaranam chainayile vuhaanile huwan seafood motha vipaniyumaayi yadhaarthathil bandhippichirunnuvenku 2021 leeii anweshanathil munkaala kesukalude nilanilpp kaaranam huwan maarkkat uthbhavam aakaan saadhyathayillenn nigamanam cheythu.
shuchithvamillaatha shuchithva maanadandangalum soonosukaludeyum pakarchavyaadhikaludeyum vyaapanavumayulla bandhavum kaaranam, chainayilum lokamembaadumulla pradhana aarogya apakadangalaayi factory krishiyumaayi sajeeva mruga vipanikale vimarshakar tharamthirichittundu. eshyayileyum aafrikkayileyum pothuve lokamembaadumulla vanyajeevi vipanikal aarogyaparamaya apakadasaadhyathakalkk vidheyamaanennu 2020 march, epril maasangalil chila reportukal parayunnu.
roga niyanthrana edapedal.
covid-19nte aavirbhaavathil eerppamulla vipanikal oru punk vahikkumenna samshayam kaaranam, oru koottam us niyamanirmmathaakkal, niaid director aanthani fausi, yunep jaivavaividhya medhavi elisabath maruma mema, sii. bii. sii. jii. dii. eph sekrattari general shau jinfeng ennivar sunotic rogangalkkum vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevajalangalkkum saadyathayullathinaal vanyajeevi vipanikal aagolathalathil adachupoottaan 2020 eprilil aavasyappettu. bhaaviyile pakarchavyaadhikal thadayunnathinaayi bhakshya vipanikalil jeevanulla mrugangalude vilppana poornnamaayum nirodhikkanamenn 2021 eprilil lokaarogya samghadana aavasyappettu.
grahangalude aarogya padanangal eerppamulla vipanikalil sajeeva mrugangalude eerppamulla vipanikal nirodhikkunnathin pakaramaayi roga niyanthrana edapedalukal nadappaakkanamenn aavasyappettittundu. 2020 eprilil lokaarogya samghadana eerppamulla vipanikal thurakkunnathinulla aavasyakathakalaayi vikasippikkukayaanennu prakhyaapicha "vellam, shuchithvam, shuchithvam (vaash) avasthakalude standardised aagola nireekshanatthinulla" nirddeshangal ithil ulppedunnu. praadeshika saamoohika, saamskaarika, saambathika gadakangalkkaayi prathyekathayulla kuranja ekeekritha nayangalum eerppamulla vipanikalile jeevanulla mrugangalude staalukalude shuchithvavum jaivasuraksha nireekshikkunathinulla puthiya nirddishta drutha moolyanirnnaya upakaranangalum mattu nirddeshangalil ulppedunnu.
maadyama vaartha.
2020 leeii covid-19 mahamariyude aadya kurachu maasangalil, vairasinte saadhyathayulla uravidamaayi chainees vettu markkattukal maadyamangalil kanatha vimarsanathinu vidheyamaayi. ellah eerppa vipanikalilum sthiramaaya nirodhanam earppeduthanamennu aavashyappedunna maadyama reportukal, mrugangalude vipanikalilo vanyajeevi vipanikalilo maathram, anubadha niyanthranathe durbalappeduthunnathinna vanyajeevi vipanikalekkurichu prathyekamaayi parayukayum praadeshika pothujanaarogya bheeshanikalil ninnu pothujanashradha vyathichalippikkukayum cheyyendathundennu vimarshikkappettittundu. chila paashchaathya maadyamangal pothu eerppa vipanikal, jeevanulla mrugangalude eerppa vipanikal, vanyajeevi vipanikal enniva thammil verthirichariyathe eerppa vipanikale chithreekarichu, eshyayiludaneelamulla vividha vipanikalil ninnulla vyakthamaaya chithrangalude montageukal lokkeshanukal thirichariyaathe upayogichu. eee chithreekaranangal mattu pathrapravartthakarum naravamshashaasthranjarum sensationalist, athishayokthi, ooriyantalist, sinaphobiaykkum "chainees anyathaykkum" indhanam pakarunnava ennu vimarsichittundu.
lokamembaadum.
2019 leeii tourist soshyal network daatta anusarichu eshyayilum europilum vadakke amerikkayilum ettavum kooduthal saandrathayulla lokamembaadum eerppamulla vipanikalundu.
aphrica.
ethiopia.
kaarshika moolyashrinkhalakalekkurichu 2013leeii oru patanam anusarichu, ellah varumaana vibhaagangalilumulla ethiopiayile ekadesham 90 sathamaanam kudumbangalum eerppamulla vipanikalile praadeshika kashaappukaariloode avarude beef vaangunnu.
kenia.
keniyayile ettavum saadhaaranamaaya kaarshika vitharana shringalayil karshakar avarude uthppannangal collectormark vilkkukayum avar ardra vipanikalile chillara vyaapaarikalkk vilkkukayum cheiyunnu. 2006ll neyrobiyilum kisumuvilum nadatthiya oru padanatthil 21 sathamaanam karshakarum shekharikkunnavarkkum 17 sathamaanam mothakkachavadakkaarkkum 14 sathamaanam vellakkachavadakkaarkkum nerittu vilkkunnathayi kandethi. shekharikkunnavarum mothakkachavadakkaarum pradhaanamaayum thangalude uthppannangalude saadhanasaamagrikal nananja vipani kachavadakkaarkku vittu. padanatthile eerppa vipanikalude upabhokthakkal pradhaanamaayum anthima upabhokthaakkalaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum eerppa vipanikalude oru cheria punk restorantukalkkum vittu.
naijeeriya.
2011leeii yuu. ezz. dii. eiii. videsha kaarshika sevana report anusarichu, nigeriayile parambaraagatha ooppan eyar vettu maarkkattukalude upabhokthaakkalil bhooribhaagavum thaazhnna, idatharam varumaanamulla upabhokthaakkalaan.
2008 muthal 2009 vare, bhakshya suraksha gaveshakarude oru samgham ibadan bodija maarkkattile vettu maarkkat vibhaagathile oru cheria koottam kashaappukaarumaayi chernnu nalla bhakshya suraksha reethikalum piyar-tuu-piyar pariseelanavum prolsaahippikkunnathi oru samrambham aarambhichu. eee samrambham 20 sathamaanam kooduthal maamsam saambilukal sveekaaryamaaya gunanilavaaramullathaakkaan kaaranamaayi. 2019ll ithe koottam kashappukaarekkurichulla oru thudarpadanatthil pala kashaappukaarum bhakshyasurakshaa reethikal ippozhum oorkkunnundenkilum, "vitharana samayat vitharanam cheythava theernnathinu sheshavum avar saadhanangal vaangunnathum maattisthaapikkunnathum thudarnnathaayi kashaappukaaril aarum report cheythitilla". thudarnnulla padanatthil 2018 leeii microbiological shuchithvam 2008-2009 edapedalinu munbullathinekkaal moshamaanenn kandethi.
shuchithvamillaatha maamsam kaikaaryam cheiyunna reethikal kaaranam 2014 ll bodija maarkkattile eerppa maarkkat vibhaagathile aravushaalayude licenses raddaki. athinte sthaanathu, praadeshika sarkkar pothu-swakaarya pankaalitthatthiloode akinyeleyile amosun graamatthil ibadan central aravushaala thurannu. 2014ll pothu-swakaarya pankaalitthatthiloode nalkia maamsam arukkunnathinum samskarikkunnathinumulla aadhunika soukaryangalulla puthiya soukaryam, 1000 maamsam vilppanakkaarkk staalukalulla 15 hector bhoomi, 170 kadakal, administrative kettidam, clinic, kaanteen, colled room, oru insinarettar enniva ulkkollunna padinjaaran aafrikkayile ettavum valia aravushaalakalil onnaanu. praadeshika sarkkar utharavu prakaram ibadan aravushalakal nirbandhithamaayi puthiya soukaryangalilekku maattaan oru suraksha samgham shramichappol bodija maarkkat aravushalayil anchu perr kollappettathayi 2018 juunil praadeshika pathrangal report cheythu.
ugaanda.
ugaandayile ettavum saadhaaranamaaya kaarshika vitharana shringalayil karshakar avarude uthppannangal mothakkachavadakkaarkku vilkkukayum avar nananja vipanikalil chillara vyaapaarikalkk vilkkukayum cheiyunnu. kambaalaykkum mabaleykkum chuttumulla pradeshangalil 2006ll nadatthiya oru padanatthil 51 sathamaanam karshakarum mothakkachavadakkaarkkum 18 sathamaanam vellakkachavadakkaarkkum nerittu vittappol 34 sathamaanam mothakkachavadakkaar nananja maarkkat kachavadakkaarkkum vittathayi kandethi. padanatthile eerppa vipanikalude upabhokthakkal pradhaanamaayum anthima upabhokthaakkalaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum eerppa vipanikalude oru cheria punk restorantukalkkum vittu.
america.
brazeel.
brazeelil, eerppamulla vipanikalekkurichulla niyanthranangal munisippal thalathilaanu kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu. chila munisippaalittikalile eerppamulla vipanikale soaning niyamangal nirodhikkunnathinaal braseeliludaneelam niyanthranangal vyaapakamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu.
mothatthilulla bhakshya chillaravilppana vipani vihitam 75 shathamaanamaaya soopparmaarkkattukalkku bhakshya chillaravilppanayil eerppamulla vipanikalkku adithara nashtappedukayaanennu 2003 leeii oru patanam kandethi. brazeelile parambaraagatha bhakshya chillara vilppanakkaare apekshichu soopparmaarkkattukalude nettam pradhaanamaayum maamsam, kadalvilppana ennivayilaayirunnu, soopparmaarkkattukalude puthiya maamsam, kadalvilppana vipani vihitam saadhaaranayaayi avarude puthiya pazhangalum pachakkarikalum vipani vihithathekkaal moonnirattiyaanu.
columbia.
2010leeii yuu. ezz. dii. eiii. videsha kaarshika sevana report anusarichu, kolambiyayile oro cheria pattanatthilum saadhaaranayaayi praadeshika uthppaadanam vazhi vitharanam cheyyappedunna oru eerppamulla vipaniyundu, athu aazhchayil orikkalenkilum thurakkunnu. amma poppu storukal" nuu bhakshya uthppannangal nalkunna chillara vettu maarkkattukaleyum motha vettu maarkkattukaleyum report vivarichu. eerppa vipanikalude ennam ekadesham 2,000 aanennu kanakkaakkiyenkilum bogota polulla valia eerppa vipanikalude saannidhyam undaayirunnittum valia nagarangalil eee ennam pathukke kurayukayaanennu avar abhiprayappettu.
greenland.
greenlandil, "brettar" ennariyappedunna praadeshika eerppamulla vipanikal seal maamsam, timingala maamsam, kaattukazhutha maamsam, dhruvakkaradi maamsam ennivayulppede vanyamrugangalil ninnulla bhakshanam vilkkunnu. "bretter" jeevanulla mrugangale vilkkunnilla, pakshe "bretteril" vilkkunna mikka mamsavum puthiyathum aduthide vadhikkappettathumaan. valia pattanangalil uddeshya nirmmitha soukaryangalundengilum, cheria pattanangalileyum grama vaasasthalangalileyum "bretter" ozhukunna vellamo vaidyuthiyo illaathe thuranna aakaashat kadalvibhavangal vilkkunnu. greenlandile ettavum valia puthiya bhakshya vipaniyaya kalaliarakku maarkkattil 2018 ll greenland sarkkar kalaliyarakkil unakkiyathum uppuvechathumaaya maamsam wilkan anuvadikkunnathuvare newkil puthiya maamsam maathrame wilkan anuvadichirunnulloo.
kaattupookkalude maamsam kazhikkunnath moolam greenlandil saadhaarana kaanunna oru prasnamaanu trichinosis. 2016ll, maamsam thudakkathil parisodhanakalil vijayichirunnenkilum oru praadeshika "bretteril" ninnulla dhruvakaradiyude maamsam kazhichathiloode niravadhi aalukalkk "trichinella" raundu vemukal baadhichu. 2017 leeii kanakkanusarichu, "brettaril" vilkkunna seal, pollar bear maamsam ennivaykkulla "trichinella" parisodhanakal nirbandhamalla.
meksikoo.
ooksaakkayile mercado maargaritta maasa dii juras polulla "tianguis" ennariyappedunna chila parambaraagatha meksikkan ooppan eyar maarkkattukale oru eerppa maarkkat ("soona humeda"), oru dry maarkkat ("soona seka") enningane verthirikkunnu. meksikkan upabhokthakkal, prathyekichu madhyavargakkar, parambaraagatha eerppa vipanikalekkaal beef vaangunnathin soopparmaarkkattukal kooduthalaayi eshtappedunnuvenna pravanatha 2002 leeii oru patanam nireekshichu. 2014-ll, meksikkan beef retailinekkurichulla oru padanatthil, parambaraagatha phul-sarvees vettu maarkkattukalil ninnu soopparmaarkkattukalile svayam sevana maamsam pradarshippikkunna kesukalilekkulla nirantharamaaya parivartthanavum kandethi.
meksikkoyil, parambaraagathavum aadhunikavumaaya chillara vyapaarikal thammilulla samgharshangal munisippal, samsthaana thalangalil kaikaaryam cheyyappedunnu. meksikoo sittiyileyum moreliyayileyum madhya jillakalile chila praadeshika soaning niyamangal chillara vyaapaarikalkk kooduthal sahayam nalkaathe nagara jillakalil eerppamulla vipanikal pravartthikkunnathu nirodhichittundu.
america.
2020 eprilil, amerikkayil eerppa vipanikal ippozhum pravarthikkunnundennum mrugasamrakshana pravartthakar eerppa vipanikal adachupoottaan aavasyappedukayaanennum koodaathe mrugangalude vipanikalum factory faamukalum adachupoottaanulla avarude nilavilulla aahvaanangalkku purame 'dhii hill' report cheythu.
irupathaam noottaandil rafrijareshan saadhaaranamaakunnathuvare newyork nagaratthil eerppamulla vipanikal saadhaaranamaayirunnu. 1990 muthal 2020 vare newyork nagaratthile mrugangalude eerppamulla vipanikalude ennam ekadesham erattiyaayi. 2020 leeii kanakkanusarichu, newyork nagaratthil 80 ladhikam eerppamulla vipanikalundu, avaa sajeeva mrugangale sambharikkukayum upabhokthakkalkkaayi aavashyappedumbol avaye arukkukayum cheiyunnu. avaa kooduthalum outtar-baroo kudiyetta samoohangalil sthithicheyyunna kozhi vipanikalaanu, avide avaa saamskaarikamaayi praadhaanyamullathum vanyajeevi vipanikalumayum mattu tharatthilulla videsha eerppa vipanikalumayum thaarathamyappeduthumbol pothujanaarogya apakadasadhyathakal kuravumaanu.
eshya.
chaina.
1990kall muthal chainayiludaneelamulla valia nagarangal parambaraagatha outtdoor vettu markkattukal aadhunika indor soukaryangalilekku maatti. 1990kall muthal supermarket shringalakalude uyarcha undaayirunnittum 2018 leeii kanakkanusarichu, chainayile nagarapradeshangalil ettavum pracharamulla bhakshyavipaniyayi eerppamulla vipanikal thudarnnu. 2010-kalil, iii-payment terminalukal sajjeekarichirikkunna "smart markkattukal" uyarnnuvannu, parambaraagatha vettu markkattukal discound storukalil ninnu vardhichuvarunna malsaram abhimukheekarichu. alibabayude hema storukal polulla oonlain palacharakk kadakalil ninnum eerppamulla vipanikal malsaram neridaan thudangi.
chainayil, prathyekichu valia nagarangalil vanyajeevikalude vyapaaram saadhaaranamalla, chainayile mikka eerppamulla vipanikalilum taankukalil sookshikkunna malsyangalkku purame jeevanullatho vanyamrugangalo adangiyittilla. 1980kalude thudakkathil chainees saambathika parishkaranatthinu keezhil cherukida vanyajeevi krishi aarambhichu. 1990kalil sarkkar pinthunayode ithu raajyavyaapakamaayi vikasikkaan thudangiyenkilum pradhaanamaayum thekkukizhakkan pravisyakalil kendreekarichaayirunnu. 2003ll, atharam sanbradaayangalumaayi nerittu bandhappettirunna, aii. dii. 1. saars pottippurappettathinnettathu chainayiludaneelamulla eerppamulla vipanikal vanyajeevikale sookshikkunnathil ninnu nirodhichu. chainayile niyamavirudhamaaya vanyajeevi vyapaaram bhakshanathilo vaidyashaasthrathilo allathe romangalilaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum nirodhanathinu sesham chila mosham niyantritha chainees eerppa vipanikal vanyajeevi vyapara vyavasaayathin autlettukal nalki. vuhaanile huwan seafood mothakkachavadathe covid-19nte aadyakaala kesukal kaaranam athinte uthbhavavumaayi bandhippichirunnu, ithu 2020 ll kooduthal niyanthranangalilekkum nadappaakkalilekkum nayichu. 2020 eprilil, chainees sarkkar vanyajeevi vyaapaarathin melulla niyanthranangal kooduthal karsanamaakkaanulla padhathikal anaavaranam cheythu.
hongong.
1842 meyy 16nuu central maarkkat thurannathu muthal hongongil valia kendreekritha eerppa vipanikal nilavilundu. hongongile thaamasakkaril ekadesham 10 sathamaanam perkku sevanam nalkunna kuranja varumanamullavarum praayamaayavarumaaya veettujolikkaaraan eerppamulla vipanikalil ettavum kooduthal varunnath. mikka ayalpakkangalilum kuranjathu oru eerppamulla maarkkattenkilum undu. eerppamulla vipanikal vinodasanchaarikalkku "yadhaartha hongong kaananulla" lakshyasthaanangalaayi mariyirikkunnu.
2000-nuu munbu, hongongile pala eerppamulla vipanikalum nagara kaunsil (hongong dveepilum kauloonilum) allengil praadeshika kaunsil (puthiya pradeshangalil) aanu kaikaaryam cheythirunnathu. 2000 muthal hongongile eerppamulla vipanikal niyanthrikkunnath bhakshya paristhithi shuchithva vakuppaan (fehd). aravushaala niyanthranathinu keezhil, jeevanulla kannukaalikal, pannikal, aadukal, aadukal, manushya upabhogathinaayi solippu cheythava enniva kashap cheiyunnathu licensulla aravushalayil aayirikkanam, hongongile eerppamulla vipanikalilonnum vanyamo videshamo aaya mrugangalilla.
2018ll ekadesham 13,070 staalukalulla 74 vettu markkattukal phed pravarthippichu. koodaathe, hongong housing authority 21 vipanikal pravarthippichappol swakaarya developermar ekadesham 99 ennam (2017 ll) pravarthichu.
india.
indian maamsam, kozhi, kadalvibhava vyavasaayangal pradhaanamaayum eerppa vipanikale aasrayichirikkunnu. bhakshya paaneeya vaarthakal" anusarichu, bhooribhaagam indian eerppa vipani aravushaalakalum kaalaharanappettathum shuchithvamillaathathumaaya soukaryangal upayogikkunnundengil samskarichathum sheetheekarichathumaaya maamsathekkaal aabhyanthara upabhokthakkal eerppamulla vipanikalil ninnu puthuthayi muricha maamsamaan eshtappedunnathu.
parambaraagatha anoupachaarika bhakshya chillara vilppana mekhala (vettu markkattukal, push cartukal, kiraana "amayum poppum" storukal), vaadakayillaatha subsidiyulla chillara vilppanakkaarude sahakarana samghangal, sarkkar udamasthathayilulla bhakshya vitharana chaanalukal, swakaarya aadhunika soopparmaarkkattukal enniva ulppedunnathaanu dalhiyile bhakshya chillara vilppana samvidaanam. dalhi vettu maarkkattukalil saadhaaranayaayi niravadhi cherukida chillara vyapaarikal ulppedunnu, avar dainamdina nischitha samayangalil avarude uthppannangal wilkan orumichu koottunnu. 2010ll dalhi phudu retailinekkurichulla oru padanatthil upabhokthaakkalkk vilkkunna motham pazhangaludeyum pachakkarikaludeyum 68 muthal 75 sathamaanam vare eerppamulla vipani chillara vyapaarikal vitharanam cheythathayi kandethi. ithe patanam dalhiyile 518 vettu maarkkat retailermaaril upabhokthaakkale sarway cheyyukayum avarude edapaadukalil thaarathamyena cheria vilapeshal ulppedunnuvennum anthima vilayum thudakkathil udharicha vilayum thammilulla sharashari vyathyasam 3 sathamaanam maathramaanennum kandethi.
indoneshya.
pasarukal" ("pasar malam", "pasar paagi" ennivayulppede) ennu vilikkappedunna parambaraagatha eerppa vipanikal indoneshyayil nagara, graamapradesangalil kaanapedunnu. soopparmaarkkattukalil ninnum shoppy, tocopedia thudangiya iii-komezhs kambanikalil ninnum eerppamulla vipanikal vardhichuvarunna malsaram neridunnu. 2020 leeii kanakkanusarichu indoneshyayile 13,450 vettu maarkkattukalilaayi 12.3 dasalaksham vyaapaarikalundu.
2016ll, gomamsam vila sthirappeduthunnathinu indoneshyan sarkkaarinte nayathil irakkumathikkaar soopparmaarkkattukalilum hypermarkkattukalilum vilkkunnathinupakaram nananja vipanikalil vilakuranja maamsam vilkkendathundu. grettar jakkaarthayil, indian pothu maamsam pradhaanamaayum eerppamulla vipanikalilaanu vilkkunnath, 2018 leeii kanakkanusarichu soopparmaarkkattukalil ninnum hypermarkkattukalil ninnum parimithamaaya vipani praveshanam. ithinu vipareethamaayi, jakkaarthayile 7 sathamaanam upabhokthakkal maathramaan 2018 ll soopparmaarkkattukalil ninnu australian beef vaangunnath. 2018 ll, saadhanangal irakkumathi cheiyunna indoneshyan eerppamulla vipani kachavadakkaar indoneshyan roopiyayude moolyam kurayunnathil aashanka prakadippichu.
indoneshyayiludaneelamulla eerppamulla vipanikal 2010-kalil oru sarkkar padhathi prakaram valia naveekaranathinu vidheyamaayi. 2018ll, oru laboratory freesing, rafrijareshan soukaryangalumulla aadyathe aadhunika eerppa vipani jakkaarthayil thurannu. parambaraagatha maarkkat traders association (ikkaappi) parayunnathanusarichu, 2020 juun vare, indoneshyayile covid-19 pakarchavyaadhiyil ninnulla aarogya protocolukalum mobility niyanthranangalum eerppamulla vipani vyaapaarikalude varumaanathil 65 sathamaanam kuravundaakki. 2020 pakuthiyode, niravadhi pravishyakalile eerppamulla vipanikal covid-19 kesukalude niravadhi pradhana clusterukalkku kaaranamaayi. 2020 meyy muthal juun vareyulla airlanga sarvakalashaala nadatthiya sarveyil kizhakkan jaava vettu maarkkattukalile aalukal saamoohika akalam palikkal mask dharikkal ulppedeyulla aarogya protocolukal paalichathaayi kandethi, ithu kizhakkan jaavayile mattu pothu sthalangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ettavum kuravaanu.
maleshya.
2020 maarchil, malaysian sarkkar corona vairas pakarchavyaadhiyodulla deseeya prathikaranamaayi ellah eerppa vipanikaludeyum ("passer malam", "passer paagi" ennivayulppede) pravartthanam thaalkkaalikamaayi nirodhichu.
phillippeans.
philippeensil, sahakarana coode (aarr. eiii. 7160), agrikalchar aandu fisheries modenisation act (aarr. eiii. 8435) thudangiya niyamanirmmaanangal anusarichu sahakarana samghangalaanu eerppa vipanikal niyanthrikkunnath. paalenkukalil vilkkunna chila charakkukalude, prathyekichu arrie polulla nirnaayaka bhakshanangalude vilayil philippain sarkkaarin niyanthranamund.
2017 joolaiyil parambaraagatha eerppa vipanikalumayi malsarikkunnathinu davo nagaratthil digital eerppa vipani palenke booy aarambhichu. covid-19 mahamari samayat adisthaana charakkukalilekkulla praveshanam urappakkunnathinaayi 2020 maarchil passig praadeshika sarkkar oru mobail vettu maarkkat aarambhichu.
singapur.
singappoorile eerppamulla vipanikalkku sarkkar subsidy nalkunnu. tekka maarkkat, teong bahru maarkkat, chainadaun complexes maarkkat enniva seasonal pazhangal, puthiya pachakkarikal, irakkumathi cheytha beef, live seafood enniva adangiya pradhana eerppamulla vipanikalaanu.
1990kalude thudakkathil singappoorile 12 nagarantar vipanikalilum 22 eerppa maarkkat kendrangalilum mrugangale kashap cheiyunnathu nirodhichirunnu. 2020-leeii corona vairas mahamaric marupadiyaayi deseeya paristhithi ejansi melnottam vahikkunna 83 vipanikalkkayi "shuchithvathinteyum shuchithvathinteyum uyarnna nilavaarangal" sambandhicha upadeshangal 2020-nte thudakkathil purappeduvichu.
srilanka.
pramukha kannukaali vyavasaayavum eaka irachi kayattumathi vyavasayavumaaya sreelankayil, bhooribhaagam broiler kozhikalum semi automated plaantukalil yaanthrikamaayi samskarikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, saadhaaranayaayi upabhokthaakkaludeyum vamseeya vibhaagangaludeyum prathyeka grouppukale paripaalikkunna eerppamulla vipanikalil kozhi ippozhum arukkappedunnu. 2017ll 102 semi automated kozhi samskarana plaantukalilum 25 kozhi kashap ardra vipanikalilum nadatthiya padanatthil semi automated prosessing soukaryangalil ninnulla broiler neck skin saambilukalil "campylobacter" malineekaranathinu positteev aanennu kandethi, athesamayam eerppa maarkkat prosessing soukaryangalil ninnulla broiler neck skin saambilukalil 48 sathamaanavum "campylobacter" malineekaranathinu positteev aanennu kandethi.
taiwan.
anoupachaarika bhauthika gadanakalaayi samghadippikkappedunna kachavadakkaarudeyum rodarikile staalukaludeyum koottangalaayittaanu thaayvaanile niravadhi eerppamulla vipanikal uthbhavichath. 2020 aayappozhekkum, thaivaaniludaneelam pathittaandukalaayi eerppamulla vipanikal kurayukayum punarujjeevana sramangal valia thothil paraajayappedukayum cheythu.
1997ll thaipey nagara sarkkaarinte oru report soochippikkunnathu nagaratthil ekadesham 10,000 rajisttar cheytha kachavadakkaarulla 61 pradhana eerppa vipanikalundennaanu. nagaratthile mikka eerppamulla vipanikalum attakuttappanikal aavasyamaanennum ekadesham 3,500 vilppana staalukal ozhinjukidakkukayaanennum report soochippichu. 1907ll japanese colonial bharanakaalathu thuranna sarkkar udamasthathayilulla parambaraagatha eerppa vipaniyaanu thaaypeyiyile nanmen maarkkat. 2019 octoberil maarkkat kettidam polichuneekkukayum 2022ll aadhunika 12 nila kettidam poortthiyaakunnathuvare maarkkat thaalkkaalikamaayi maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu.
thaayvaanile ettavum valia eerppamulla vipanikalilonnaya taichungile jiangu maarkkat 2016-ll thakarkkappedukayum pakaram oru puthiya soukaryam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. puthiya soukaryangal mechappetta shuchithvam, vaikalyangalkkulla praveshanam, sheetheekaranam enniva nalki, ennaal thaazhethattil athicheral kaambayin kooduthal sveekaaryathayilekku nayikkunnathinu munbu praadeshika kachavadakkaaril ninnu sthalammaattam aadyam madikkappettu.
thayland.
puthiya bhakshanathinulla praadeshika munganana kuranja vilayum kadayudamakalumaayulla parichayavum kaaranam thaaylandile palacharakk shopinginulla pradhana sthalamaanu eerppamulla vipanikal.
yunaittad arab emirates.
2018 octoberil, oru irachi, kannukaali austreliya report, yunaittad arab emiretsinte palacharakk chillara vilppana mekhala valare vikasichathaanenkilum, vettu markkattukal ippozhum raajyathudaneelam pramukhamaanennu paranju.
vietnaam.
2017ll viyatnaamiludaneelam ekadesham 9,000 vettu markkattukal, 800 soopparmaarkkattukal, 160 shopping maalukal, 13 laksham cheria kudumba udamasthathayilulla storukal ennivayundaayirunnuvennu sarkkar kanakkukal vyakthamaakkunnu.
2017ll hanoy nagara sarkkar nagaratthile eerppamulla vipanikal naveekarikkanum avaye aadhunika shopping maalukalayi mattaanum padhathiyittu. uyarnna nilavaaramulla shopping sentarukalude basementukalilekku maattiya mattu vipanikalil ninnulla vilppana kanakkukal ganyamaayi kuranjathinethudarnnu eee padhathikku vettu maarkkat ventermaaril ninnulla ethirppu nerittu.
2020ll vietnaam pradhaanamantri enguen suwan phukk viyatnaamile vanyajeevi vyapaaram nirodhikkanulla nirddeshangal prakhyaapichu.
europe.
france.
1969ll roopeekaricha Île-de-france mekhalayile rangis anthaaraashtra vipani, europile ettavum valia puthiya bhakshana vipaniyaanu, Île-de-fraansinakathum puratthum ninnu bhakshanam vilkkunnu. lokathile ettavum valia motha bhakshya vipaniyaya, orupakshe ettavum valia puthiya bhakshya vipaniyaya, aadukalum eelum ulppede vividha bhakshanagal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. 1972 aayappozhekkum prathidinam 6000 tonn pazhangalum pachakkarikalum vipaniyilekku kayatti ayachu.
itali.
vadakkupadinjaaran nagaramaya toorinile porta palasso maarkkat europile ettavum valia theruvu vipaniyaanu, nagaratthinte charitraparamaaya jillayil noorolam puthiya bhakshya ulppadakar seasonile ettavum uyarnna samayat avarude saadhanangal vilkkunnu. vipaniyumaayi chernnu pravartthikkunna turnees adhikaarikal, lokamembaadumulla paachakareethikal avatharippikkunna oru bahu saamskaarika edavum vinodasanchaarathinulla oru sthalavumaayi vipaniyekkurichulla pothujanangalude kaazhchappaad punarroopakalppana cheyyaan shramichu.
ireland.
irelandile dablinile ivyag markkattukal vasthrangal vilkkunna varanda maarkkattaayum malsyam, pazhangal, pachakkarikal enniva vilkkunna nananja maarkkattaayum vibhajikkapetta oru indor maarkkattaayirunnu. 1906 muthal pravarthicha eee vipani 1980kalode jeernichupoyi. 1990kalil avasaanamaayi adacha staalukal, oru puthiya bhakshya vipani samuchayamaayi saitt punarnirmmikkanulla sramangal paraajayappettenkilum 2018 vare kettidam ippozhum upekshikkappettirikku.
ooshyaaniya.
austreliya.
2020ll, austreliyayil eerppamulla vipanikal oru kaalath saadhaaranamaayirunnuvennum aravushalakal kendreekarichu nagarangalil ninnu maarippoyathinaal kaalakramena kramena adachupoottukayaayirunnum "ezz. bii. ezz" report cheythu. dainamdina merkuri", "herald sann" ennee maadyamangalum krishi mantriyum laber party nethaavumaaya david littilprudum australiyayile sidani fish maarkkat, melbone fish maarkkat thudangiya vividha puthiya maamsam, kadalvibhavangal, uthppanna vipanikal ennivaye eerppa vipanikalayi visheshippichittundu.

