
bard (kavita)

bard. edward onnaaman wales keezhadakkiya samayathe aspadamaakki thomas gray ezhuthiya oru kavithayaan eiii pindaric oodu (1757). madhyakala charithratheyum saahityatheyum kurichulla addehathinte gaveshanangalil ninnu bhaagikamaayi prachodanam ulkkondathum, bhaagikamaayi addeham velsh harp samgeethathe kandethiyathum, bhaavithalamurayile kavikalilum chithrakaaranmaarilum sakthamaaya swaadheenam cheluthukayum, celtic punarujjeevanatthinte aadya srishtiparamaaya kruthiyaayum brittanile romaantik prasthaanatthinte moolathilaayum palarum kaanukayum cheythu.
sangraham.
edward onnaamante vijayikalaaya sainyam nadiyodu chernnulla snodonian parvathanirakalude charivukaliloode sanjarikkumbol avar raajaavine sapikkunna oru velsh baardine abhimukeekarikkunnu. edwardinte moonnu irakalaaya cadwalo, eurian, mordred ennivarude shadeukal bard abhyarthikkunnu, avar edwardinte plantagenet laininte vidhi neythedukkunnu, addehathinte pingaamikalude vividha durithangalilum nirbhaagyavukalilum vasikkunnu. house oof tyoodarinte roopathil brittanil velsh bharanam thirichethumennum spensor, shakespeare, milttan ennivarude vaakyathil britiish kavithakal poovidumennum bard pravachikkunnu. oduvil addeham edwardinode parayunnu
rachana prasidheekaranavum.
madhyakala charithratthil theekshnathayulla oru vidyaarthiyaayirunnu gray, kaalakramena bhasha padikkaathe thanne ettavum pazhaya velsh kavithayekkurichu oru prathyeka patanam nadatthaan thudangi. addehathinte saadhaarana pusthakangalude niravadhi pejukal velsh gadyathekkurichulla kurippukalkkaayi neekkivachirikkunnu, koodaathe thomas carteyude "englandinte pothuvaaya charithram" (1747-1755) ll kanda oru ithihaasavum addeham avide paraamarshichu. edward onnaaman wales keezhadakkiyappol, "gray" ennu ezhuthiyirunnu, avarude ellah baardukaleyum thookkikkonnu, kaaranam avar raajyathe kalaapathin prothsaahippichu, pakshe avarude kruthikal (nammal kaanunnu), ippozhum nilanilkkunnu, bhasha (shayikkunna) ippozhum nilanilkkunnu, avarude pathippinte kala innum avarkkidayil ariyappedukayum pariseelikkukayum cheiyunnu ". gray aadyakaala scandinavian saahityavum padikkukayum oru pazhaya norse kavithayil 'windom windom/wef daradar' enna padam kandethukayum cheythu, athu 'bardle' 'warp neythum woof neythum' veendum prathyakshappedumennu parayappedunnu. 1755ll addeham "dhaa bard" enna kruthikku thudakkamkurichu, aaa varsham augustode kavithayude moonnil rund bhagam poortthiyaakki. thudakkathil addeham vegathayodum thirichariyal bodhathodum koodi pravarthichu, athu addehathinu asaadhaaranamaayirunnu. "enikku thanne oru kunnayayi thonni", addeham prakhyaapichu. ennaal moonnaamatheyum avasaanatheyum stroff rachikkunnath kooduthal budhimuttaanennu theliyikkukayum oduvil addeham nilampathikkukayum cheythu. rund varshatholam eee kavita poortthiyaakaathe thudarnnuvenkilum 1757-ll addeham andhanaya joonn paari enna haarppist oru kacheriyil pankedutthu, parambaraagatha velsh harp shekharam druidukal vare pooyi ennu addeham avakashappettu. eee anubhavathil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda gray puthiya aaveshathode "bardilake" madangiyethi, taamasiyaathe thante suhruthu vilyam mesaninodu, "misttar paari, ningal arinjirikkanam, ente oodu veendum sajeevamakki, oduvil athu oru nigamanatthiletthi."eee kavithayudeyum thante" "kavithayude purogathi" "yudeyum pakarppavakasham 40 giniyaykk vendi grey prasadhakanaaya roobert dodslick vilkkukayum dodsley avaa" "oods bye mii. aarr" "enna peril orumichu purathirakkukayum cheythu". chaaraniram ". thante veettaaya stroberry hill enna sthalathu oru achadisaala sthaapicha greyude suhruthu hooras vaalpolaan eee pusthakam achadichathu. 1757 august 8 nuu oru shilling vilayulla 2000 koppikalude print rannumaayi oru manoharamaaya kwarto aayi "oods" prasidheekarichu. walpaul valpolinode paranju, "enikku nottukal ishtamalla", ennaal aadya pathippil "bard" ennathil naalu adikkurippukal cherkkaan walpaul chaaraniratthil vijayichu...avaa balaheenathayudeyum avyakthathayudeyum adayaalangalaanu. avarillathe oru kaaryam manassilakkaan kazhiyunnillengil, athu ottum manassilaakkaathathaanu nallath."iva pala vaayanakkarkkum kavita vishadeekarikkaan aparyaapthamaanennu theliyikkukayum gray mesaninodu samthrupthiyode ezhuthukayum cheythu" "aarum enne manassilakkunnilla, njaan poornnamaayum samthrupthanaanu"."thante ishtathinu virudhamaayi, 1768-leeii pathippin kurachu nottukal koodi cherkkaan addehathe prerippichu.
vimarsanaathmakamaaya sweekaranam.
1757-ll engleesh saahithyavrithangalil nilaninnirunna velsh samskaarathekkurichulla pothuvaaya anjjathayil "bard" greyude vaayanakkaarkk oru velluviliyaayi maari. avasthayilulla ellah aalukalum" oods "aaradhikkaano manassilakkaano polum sammathikkunnilla" ennu addeham avakashappettu. 1778-ll rashtreeya ezhuthukaaranaaya persival stockdale atharamoru nishedhaathmaka shabdamaayirunnu
oru kavithayude vishayam avyakthamo pothuve ariyappedaathatho rasakaramallaathatho aanenkil, athil dhaaraalam soochanakalum eee anuchithavum rasakaramallathathumaaya swabhaavathinte vasthuthakalum undengil, vishayam pinthudarukayum anuchithavum baadhikkaathathumaaya soochanakalum vasthuthakalum avatharippikkukayum cheiyunna ezhuthukaaran kaavyathmakamaaya vidhinyaayathinteyum abhiruchiyudeyum valia aagrahathe vanchikkunnu. emm. atharam kapadamaaya kettukadhakal, vivaranam, paraamarshangal ennivayodu grake oru ashudhamaaya abhiniveshamundaayirunnu.
doow. dhaarmikamo raashtreeyamo aaya oru sathyavum" "bard prothsaahippikkunnave njaan kanunnilla" ennu jonson swabhaavaparamaayi murumurukkukayum chithrangalil bhooribhaagavum parihaasyamaanennu kandethukayum cheythu. ennaal thudakkam muthal thanne greyude saarvathrika thettidhaaranayude parati thettayirunnu. 1757 desemberil, "dhaa bard" prasidheekarichu naalu maasangalkk sesham, grake kavi puraskaara jethaav vaagdaanam cheythu. vimarsanaathmaka avalokanam", "prathimasa avalokanam", "saahitya maasika" ennivayil anukoolavum aaveshakaravumaaya avalokanangal prathyakshappettu, avarude shabdangal taamasiyaathe mattu palarum prathidhvanichu. annathe fashion soshyal kamantettaraaya joonn braun, "bard", "kavithayude purogathi" ennivaye bhaashayile ettavum mikacha oods ennu vilichirunnu; david garrick avare eathu bhashayilum ettavum mikachathaayi karuthi; thomas jaims matias "bard" yeei pinder, hooras, daante, petrarch ennivayumaayi anukoolamaayi thaarathamyam cheythu; 1807 aayappozhekkum persival stockdale polum thante manass maattukayum athinte "kaavyathmaka mikavu" ezhuthukayum cheythu. eee pravanathayude oru apavaadam saamuval tailor colridge aayirunnu, 1799-ll "bard" orikkal enne madyapippichu, ippol njaan athu santhoshamillaathe vaayikkunnu ", muppath varshathilere kazhinju addeham athu" thanuthathum krithrimavum "aanennu abhiprayappettu. ennirunnaalum, mothatthil, edmund gose soochippichathupole, kuranjathu oru noottaandengilum "bard" udaathathayudeyum darshanathinteyum gunangalkkayi karsanamaayi kaavyathmaka vyakthikal vilamathikkunna kavithakalkkidayil oru athiraaliyillaathe thudarnnu."
saahityaparamaaya swaadheenam.
bard" prasidheekaranam engleesh kavithayude charithratthil oru puthiya adhyayam aarambhichu. engleesh bhaashayile aadyathe aadimavaada kavita ennu ithine vilikkam, theerchayaayum athinte vijayam oru puthiya thalamurayile ezhuthukaare vidoora bhoothakaalathil ninnulla velsh, gail vishayangalilekku shradha tirikkaan prachodippichu, athu celtic punarujjeevanam ennariyappettu. purathana bard oosiyan enna peril puratthirakkiya gadyakavithakal asaadhaaranamaaya janapreeti nedukayum europilum amerikkayilum udaneelam celtic glamour pracharippikkukayum cheytha scott jaims macferson aayirunnu aadyam ithrayadhikam swaadheenikkappettavaril oraal. bardle" ninnu parokshamaayi prachodanam ulkkonda walter scott scotish bhoothakaalathekkurichulla valare janapriyamaaya aavishkaarangalaayirunnu. "bard", vaasthavathil, romaantisisathinte munnodiyaayirunnu, allengil vimarsakanaaya vilyam powell johns paranjathupole, gray oru jwaalaykk thudakkamittu...addeham "bard" ezhuthiyappol, thee romaantik prasthaanathilekku thanne ozhuki."athinte swaadheenam ernest renan, maathyoo arnold, dablyu vare vyaapichu. bii. yettsum celtic tvilaittinte mattu anglo-airish ezhuthukaarum. engleesh samsaarikkunna lokathinte samskaarathil kavithayude sthaanathinte oru alavu academic jaims makkiloppinte avakaashavaadathilaanu, "eee celtic padatthinte [" bard "] nilavile staanderd engleesh nirvachanam, uyarnna padaviyulla oru kaviye soochippikkunnu, athaayath.iii. oru raashtrathinteyo janathinteyo shabdam thomas gray thante kavithayil athu upayogichathil ninnaan.