
havaachiyon yuddham

1951 epril 22num 26num idayil chainees vasanthakala aakramanathinide aikyaraashtrasabhayude command (yuu. enn) chainees sena thammilulla corian yudhathil nadanna oru yudhamaayirunnu havaachiyon yuddham. us onnaam maraine division avarude sthaanangal vijayakaramaayi prathirodhikkukayum thudarnnu "noow-neyim lainil" ninnu pinmaarukayum cheythu.
pashchaathalam.
1951 epril pakuthiyode koriyayile madhya munnaniyile yuu. enn. senakal 38-aamm samaantharathinu vadakkulla "kansas lainil" ninnu "weong line" vadakkulla sthaanangalilekku munneraan kadinamaaya pravarthanangalil earppettu, ithu chainees peeples volunteer armi (pva) yeyum vadakkan corian peeples armi (kpa) logistic habbine bheeshanippeduthum. njangalum ikes corpsinte munnettam trikonathe bheeshanippeduthuka ennathaayirunnu, nikshepikkukayalla, munnettathinidayilo athinusheshamo sakthamaaya shatru akramanangal undaayal, rund korppukalum "kansas linelake" madangendathaayirunnu.
epril 20 num meyy 1 num idayil eppol venamenkilum pva/kpa akramanam undakaan saadhyathayundennu epril 18 nuu us ettaamathe armi intelligence munnariyipp nalkiyengilum epril 21 nuu ettaamathe armi commander general jaims vaan fleet dheeramaaya munnettam thudaraan theerumaanichu.
republic oof korea armi (roock) aaram division us onnaam maraine divisionumaanu ikes corpsinte munnettatthinu neethrthwam nalkiyathu. avarude mekhalayil "vyoming line" kumhwa pradeshathu ninnu hwachiyon reservoirilekku thekkukizhakkayi valanju. epril 21nuu iruvibhaagangalum eathaandu oru ethirppumillaathe "kansas line" mukalilekku neengi. ikes corpsinte mekhalayil ethirppinte abhavam pva/kpa pinvalikkalinte sameepakaala patrolling reportukal sthireekarichu.
21-nuu ettaamathe armi jii-2 (intelligence officer) thante vivarangal ippozhum oru paridhivare urappode varaanirikkunna shatru aakramanathinte "saameepyam soochippikkaan" paryaapthamallenn report cheythu. addeham neratthe general vaan fleettilekku choondikkaanichathupole aashankaajanakamaaya oru vastutha, aakramanathmakamaaya adayaalangalude abhavam aakramanathinte thudakkam akaleyaanennu ardhamaakkunnilla ennathaanu. munkaala aakramanangalkk thayyaaredukkunnathil, aakramanathinu thottumunbu munkoor assembly pradeshangalilekku neengunnathuvare pva senakal avarude sthalangal vijayakaramaayi marachuvechirunnu.
epril 22 nuu pularchekkushesham vyoma nireekshanam, aii corpsinu vadakkupadinjaarulla pinn asamblikalil ninnum aii, ikes corpsinu vadakku bhaagathuninnum shatru roopeekaranangalude pothuvaaya munnottulla sthaanachalanavum, vadakkum thekkum, yaangu, inje ennivaykku mukalilulla roadukalil vyapakamaaya sainika neekkangalum report cheythu. vyomaakramanam chalikkunna sainikarude mrithadehangale shikshichuvenkilum, shatru grouppukalude thekottulla march pakal samayat vardhichuvarunnathaayi vyoma nireekshakar report cheythu. hwachiyon reservoirinu padinjaaru kaanunnathinte adisthaanathil, aii corpsine sameepikkunna shatru sakthikal corpsinte munvashath thulyamaayi koottam koodumennum ikes corpsil neengunnavar roock aaram divishante munvashath shradha kendreekarikkumennum thonni.
epril 22 nuu, aiyum ikes corps "vyoming line" lake munnettam thudarnnu. aakramanathinte purogathi muun divasam, ikes corpsinte sakthikal eluppathil neengunnathin samanamaayirunnu, rund aii corps divisionukal kanatha prathirodhatthiloode hraswa nettangalil parimithappedutthiyirunnu. munnettatthinte kizhakk bhaagath, kurachu divasangalkku munbu pva 39-aamm armi fozhsu shakthamayi prathirodhicha havaachiyon anakkett oru poraattavumillaathe onnaam corian maraine corps rejimentinu (1st kilometersi) veenu. ennaal uchakazhinju onnaam maraine division sonil mattevideyengilum kondupoya oru pva thadavukaaran chodyam cheyyalukaarodu divasam avasaanikkunnathin munbu akramanam nadathumennu paranju. uchakazhinju roock aaram division pva 60-aamm divisionile niravadhi amgangale pidikoodukayum, thottupinnaale padinjaaru us 24-aamm kaalaalppada division pva 59-aamm divisionil ninnu thadavukaare edukkukayum cheythu. eee rund divisionukalum puthiya 20-aamm sainyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu. muzhuvan IX armi group munnilethi. munkaiyude padinjaaran vashathulla us 25-aamm infentry division sonil, uchakazhinju root 33-ll turkish brigedinte kaikalilekku thettidharicha aarr pva, randaam motorised peeranki vibhaagathil ninnulla oru sarway partyile amgangalaayirunnu. iruttinushesham aarambikkaan nischayicha aakramanathe pinthunaykkaan divishante thokkukal sthaapichirunnathaayi chumathala udyogasthan paranju.
yuddham.
us ikes corpsinte munvashath chainees spring aakramanathinte aadya praharangal roock aaram divishanilekku nayichu, athu bhayanna sainikar yudhakkalathil ninnu palayanam cheythappol bashpeekarikkappettu. pratheekathmakamaaya prathirodham maathram neritta pii. vii. eiii 40-aamm sainyam ardharaathriyode poornna sajjathayode thekkott povukayaayirunnu. taamasiyaathe, oru nuzhanjukayattam srishtikkappedukayum onnaam maraine division gurutharamaaya apakadathilaavukayum cheythu. pva roock prathirodhatthilekku thulachukayariyathaayum maraine lainukalilekku neengukayaanennum onnaam maraine division command posttile duty offeesare ariyichu. sandesham athichernnu adhikam taamasiyaathe niraasharaaya roock sainikarude oru neenda nirayude munnira phayal cheyyaan thudangi. ardharaathriyode, rahasyaanveshana kambaniyum sainika police kambaniyum striglerukale valayukayum anchaam maraine rejimentinte command posttinu thekk ferry saittil kaaval nilkkukayum cheythu. aaram division poornnamaayum pinvaangukayaanennum aayirakkanakkin shatru sainikar athivegam thekkott neengukayaanennum eee sainikar report cheythu. aaram divisione oru poratta senayaayi punasamghadippikkaanulla sramangal nadannittum, onnaam maraine divishante licenses officer vilichu paranju "ellah uddeshyangalkkum uddeshyangalkkum, aaram roock division illaathaayi.ithu bhayappeduthunna vaarthayaayirunnu, kaaranam samudrathinte idathu vasham vishaalamaayi thurannirikkukayum divishante pradhana vitharana pathayum pukhaan nadiyude ellah crossing pooyintukalum valia apakadathilaanu. idathuvashathu durantham sthireekaricha aadyathe us sainikar neratthe rokkine pinthunaykkaan padinjarottu ayacha sainika peeranki yoonittukalil ninnulla peerankikalaayirunnu. takarnna 987-aamath kavachitha feeld peerankikalude gadakangal pathiyirunnu akramicha sesham samudra nirakalilekku thirichetthi. yoonittin athinte 105 emm hovitsarukalil pakuthiyolam kadannukayattathil nashtappettu, randaamathe rokkatt peeranki baattariyude prathirodha sthaanam marikadannappol athinte ellah aayudangalum nashtappettu. lefttanant kenal liyon eph. 92-aamath kavachitha feeld artilary battaaliyante commanding offeesaraaya lavoi acidityaayi nireekshichu "kazhinja yudhathil american sainyam europian thiyettaril muzhuvan nashtappettathinekkaal kooduthal peerankikal koriyayil ithuvare nashtappettu."
22:24 prakaram, duranthatthinte aaghaatham idathuvashathu prakadamaayirunnu, athinaal adutha divasam ooppareshan dundless akramanam punaraarambhikkaanulla ellah padhathikalum pettennu raddaki. yudhabhoomiyude munvashathulla unitukal poornna jagrathayilaanu. shathruvine kandethunnathinum addehathinte march line sariyaakkaan sramikkunnathinum commandermar thidukkathil yuddha patrolling ayachu, athesamayam prathirodhatthinte pradhana nirayile naavikar avarude aayudangal aazhathil kuzhichu, paribhraantharaayi parishodhichu. koodaathe, general olivar pii. kenal robley iii. yodu smith utharavittu. padinjaaran bhaagathe onnaam bataaliyan, onnaam naavikar, chunchiyonil ninnu mukalilekku, thaazhvarayil sthithicheyyunna peerankikalumaayum taankukalumaayum bandhippikkunnu. padinjaaran bataaliyan taamasiyaathe athinte puthiya sthaanathekku pookunna trekkukalil athiyengilum paribhrantharaaya roock sainikar yudhamekhalayil ninnu rakshappedunnathinaal thadassappetta rodukaliloode maathrame vaahanavyoohathinu sanjarikkaan kazhiyoo. kyapttan joonn eph. kaappiyude kambani bii aanu vazhithelichathu. ekadesham 01:30-ll, nirddishta sthaanathu ninnu kuravaayirikke, 92-aamath kavachitha feeld artilary bataaliyan roopeekaricha irukiya paridhiyil vaahanangalude neenda nira nirtthi, kurachu samayathinu munbu oru rooad block sthaapikkukayum 1,800-ladhikam rokkukal shekharikkukayum mesheen gannum bionetum upayogichu sramikkukayum pva munnettatthe mandagathiyilaakkaan avare vinyasikkunnathil cheria vijayavum nedukayum cheythu. padinjarottu neengumbol, 987-aamath peerankiyude 105 emm hovitsarukal cheliyil kudungippokaan kaappiyude kambani sahayichu. kazhiyunnathra thokkukal mochippicha sesham, coffey sauhruda lainukalilekku madangi, avide onnaam bataaliyan valathuvashath kambani eiii, madhyathil kambani sii, thaarathamyena samanilayil 81 emm mortaarukal enniva upayogichu oru kaarshika ardha vrithaakrithiyilulla ridge kaikaaryam cheiyukayaayirunnu. kambani bii-yeei udan thanne idathu vashathe bataaliyan niyogichu. epril 22 nuu pii. vii. eiii. aii. dii. 1 nuu chuttumulla samudrarekhakalil anweshanam aarambikkukayum thudarnnu ekadesham moonnu manikkoorin sesham samudratheerangal tirikkaan oru samboornna akramanam nadathukayum cheythu. idathuvashathulla ezhaamathe maraine rejimentaayirunnu ettavum kooduthal baadhichathu. pva mortar, automatic aayudangal, cheria aayudangal enniva 23 nuu ekadesham aidi 1 nuu aarambhichu. theepidithatthiloode nadatthiya eee nireekshanatthe thudarnnu oru manikkoorin sesham valare nischayadaartyamulla oru bhoochalanamundaayi. nilavilikkunna visilukal, kaithaangukal, pottitherikkunna bigulukal enniva aakramanathe soochippichu. kuranjathu 2,000 pii. vii. eiii sainikar onnaam bataaliyan, ezhaam naavikar, poornna shakti enniva aakramichu. praadhamikamaayi kambani sii, kambani eiii ennivaye lakshyamit 120-aamm divisionile pva 358-aamm rejimentinte akramanam pularche vare neenduninna kaikondu nadanna poraattatthaal thirichadichu. swakaarya phastt klaas herbert eiii. kambani siyil gadippichirikkunna forwade observer teaminoppam radiomanaya littilttan, pva prathyakshappedumbol midu vaachil nilkkukayaayirunnu. addeham alaram muzhaki, thudarnnu thuranna nilayilekku neengi, athil ninnu varunna sakthamaaya mesheen gann vedivayppum pva grenadeukalude mazhayum undaayirunnittum addeham pinthunaykkunna aayudha vedivayppukal krameekarichu. shathrukkalude vedivayppiloode oru bankarilekku thirichethaan nirbandhithanaaya littilttan, thante jeevan nashtappedutthi aaa tirakkeriya sthalathu thante sakhaakkale rakshikkaan oru grenadil svayam erinju. aaa ratri addehathinte pravarthanangalkku maranananthara bahumathiyayi medel oof oonar labhichu. kanatha poraattam-athil bhooribhaagavum grenade yudhangalum adutha kwartezhs poraattavum-niravadhi manikorukal neenduninnu. pva mortar vedivayppum cheria aayudangalum ratri muzhuvanum pittennu vare thudarnnu. ellaayppozhum ennapole, pinthunaykkunna aayudangal oru nirnaayaka samudra nettamaayirunnu. 11-aamath maraine rejiment vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna sthaanathu peeranki vedivayppu nadathukayum maraine taankukal thaazhnna pradeshathe sameepanam vijayakaramaayi samrakshikkukayum cheythu. divishante madhyabhaagathu, pva nuzhanjukayatakkaar anchaam naavikarude outpost lainiloode kunnin 313 pidichadakkaan nishabdamaayi vazhuthiveenu. oru vyarthamaaya prathyakramanam vegathil aarambhichu, pakshe aakramana plaattoon niyanthranathilaakkukayum kanatha naashanashtangal sambhavikkukayum cheythu. pittennu raavile vare onnum randum battaliyanukalaaya anchaamathe naavikarude gadakangal kunnu thirichupidichu.
ekadesham <aii. dii. 1> ll, valathuvashathulla aadyathe kilometersi 509 kunninu sameepam kanatha aakramanathinu vidheyamaayi. koreakkaar neenda raathriyiludaneelam thudarchayaaya pii. vii. eiii akramanangal nadathukayum pittennu raavile pii. vii. eiii puranthallukayum cheythu. idathu vashath pidichu nilkkunna orotta raifil kambanikku prathyekichum kadinamaaya praharamettu. 150 peradangunna kambani pakal samayat dutic thayyaraya 40 peraayi churungi. reserve onnaam bataaliyan, onnaam naavikarude samayabandhithamaya varavu, ezhilonnu naavikarude mail sammarddam kuraykkukayum division vestt flankine shakthippeduthukayum cheythuvenkilum pittennu raavile vare kadutha poraattam thudarnnu. pakal samayat avar vaayuvil ninnu adikkappedumennu nannayi ariyunna pii. vii. eiii. pularche vegathil pinwangi. ettu maraine eph4yuu courseyarukal yudhakkalathil kuthichuchaadi, durbalaraaya oo. oo. vaii nireekshana vimanam paratthunna vyoma nireekshakar avarude lakshyangalilekk nayichu; vmf-323 anchaam naavikare pinthunachu parannu, athesamayam vmf-214 ezhaam naavikarude mekhalayile pva aakramichu. ellah aayudangalum kondu pii. vii. eiii. yude naashanashtangal 2,000-thiladhikam aanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. 23-aamm theeyathi uchayode, naavikar aadya raundu vijayichathayi vyakthamaayirunnu, pakshe poraattam avasaanichittillennum vyakthamaayirunnu. divishante supradhana bhagam surakshithamaakkunnathinulla addehathinte neethrthwathinu, ezhilonnu naavika commander, lefttanant kenal web dii. soyarinu oru nevi cross labhichu.
naavikar urachunilkkukayum, pii. vii. eiii. yude kuthichuchaattatthe thadayunna oru break vaattarayi thudarukayum cheythenkilum, avar appozhum roock lainukaliloode ozhukukayum "onnaam maraine divishante sthaanam chila aalukalkk prathyakshappedaan thudangukayum cheythu, ithu chosin reservoirile avasthayumaayi valare saamyamullathaayirunnu."kadalil oru aazhathilulla cover bheeshaniyilaayi avasheshichu. thalphalamaayi, ikes corpsinte commander general vilyam emm. onnaam maraine divisione pinvalikkaan hogg utharavittu. thalphalamaayi, general smith thante unitukalkku "pendalttan lainil" puthiya prathirodha sthaanangalilekku viramikkanulla vaakk 09:35 ll nalki. pva bheeshani valare valuthaayirunnu, supradhaanamaaya mujon paalavum niravadhi ferry crossingukalum samrakshikkunnathinaayi 1st maraine division muzhuvan chanchiyon idanaazhiyude vadakku uyarnna groundil sthaapikkaan smith nirbandhithanaayi. naavikark avarude pinbhaagathu oru thadayaanaakaatha nadhi undaayirikkukayum division reserve illaathirikkukayum cheythathinaal ithu oru dheeramaaya neekkamaayirunnu. naavikark pukhaan nadeethadatthe samrakshikkendathum athe samayam chanjiyonilekku madangendathumaaya sankeernamaaya oru koottam thanthrangalum ithinu aavashyamaayirunnu. general smith thante pinthunaykkunna aayudangal shradhaapoorvvam ekopippikkukayum theepidutthatthil rekhakalude kadannupokal nadathukayum venam. vaayuvum peerankikalum pii. vii. eye akattinirtthum, athesamayam kavachavum divishante kanatha aayudangalum sameepikkunnathinulla vazhikalum nadhi kadakkunna sthalangalum samrakshikkunnu. vadakku vegathil nilam pathippikkukayum thekk pathukke pinnott valikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu smithinte padhathi, ithu addehathinte padinjaaran unitukale marimari thadassappeduthunna sthaanangaliloode kadannupokaan anuvadikkunnu. reargard nadikku mukaliloode ethiya sesham enchineeyarmaar oduvil paalangal potikkum. eee poratta pinvalicalil sambhavana cheyyaan ellah kaikaleyum kshanichu. paachakakkar, bakermar, typpistukal, oru pailat polum, taamasiyaathe emm 1 raifilukal chumakkukayo stretcherukal theeyil chumakkukayo cheythu. chosin reservoirilennapole, "oro navikanum oru riflemanaanu, sainika thozhil prathyekatha pariganikkathe" enna vishwaasam aaa divasam rakshichu. havaachon reservoirile attathu ninnu padinjaaru qee groundinu mukalil thekkupadinjaraayi kurachu mailukal kamaanamulla oru ardha vrithaakrithiyilulla prathirodha line roopeekarikkaan general smith aagrahichu, thudarnnu pukhaan nadiyodu chernnulla uyarnna nilathukoodi chunchiyon thaazhvarayilekku thirinjunokkunnu. ithu cheiyunnathinu addeham udan thanne aadya naavikare thekkupadinjaaran kunnukal pidikkaan chanjiyonil ninnu munnott kondupokaan utharavittu, athesamayam vadakku corian naavikar valare valathottu nankooramidunna oru "swing gettu" thanthram addeham sthaapichu, anchaamathethu madhyathil nilampathichu, ezhaamathe naavikar onnaam maraine rejimentumaayi bandhippikkaan ekkalonil thirichupoyi.
pakal muzhuvan poraattam thudarnnu. padinjaaru, ezhaam naavikark pinvalikkal parirakshikkaan svanthamaayi moonnaam battaliyanum attached 1/1 naavikarumundaayirunnu. randaam battaliyanil ninnulla theepidutthatthil kadinamaayi parikketta onnaam bataaliyan pinwangi. moonnu muthal ezhu vare naavikar, kadinamaayi pidichirunna chila uyarnna nilangal pidichedutthu, athesamayam oru pakuthi naavikar, ratri vare neenduninna aavarthichulla pva probukalkkethire poraadi. onnaam naavikarude unitukal ettavum thekke sthaanangal vahichirunnu. bakkiyulla rund reserve battaaliyanukal annu raavile avarude assembly pradeshangalil ninnu maari pukhaan nadhi kadannu pradhana vitharana pathayum niravadhi crossing pooyintukalum samrakshikkunna oru jodi kunnukal kaivashappedutthi. yadhaarthathil, onnum moonnum battaliyanukalaaya onnaam naavikarude varavu valare aduthaayirunnu. pradeshathe ettavum pradhanappetta bhoopradesha savisheshathayaayirunna pii. vii. eye tholppikkaan naavikark kunnukal vare oodendi vannu. kunnu 902 (yadhaarthathil oru parvathashikharam) chanjiyonilekkulla roadle aadhipathyam pulartthukayum konkreett mojin paalavum rund ferry saittukalum samrakshikkukayum cheythu. athinte prathirodham samudra pinvalikkalinte kendrabinduvaayi maari. madhyathil, anchaamathe naavikar chitharikkidakkunna cheria aayudangalkkum mortar vedivayppinum keezhil thirichupoyi, pakshe pva graundu unitukal neridendi vannilla. division valathuvashath, aadyathe kilometer pva mortarum peeranki vedivayppum vazhi rench cheiyunnathinu thottumunbu pinvalikkukayum kuzhichedukkukayum cheythu. nirbhagyavashaal, onnaam maraine divishante line thudarchayalla, vighadichathaayirunnu, onnum ezhum naavikarude unitukal pradhana bhoopradeshathinu mukalil vishaalamaayi verthiricha bataaliyan valippathilulla chuttalavukal kaivasham vachirunnu. niravadhi armi peeranki battaaliyanukal shakthippeduthiya pathinonnaamatthe naavikar epril 23 nuu ratri veenappol prathirodha vedivayppu rekhappeduthunna thirakkilaayirunnu. charithratthile aadyathe kootta helikopttar medical ozhippikkal dinavum aaa divasam adayaalappeduthi. vmo-6-nte ellah echtl-4 helikopttarukalum aadya velichathil thanne vaayuviloode parannuyarnnu. gurutharamaayi parikketta ambathu pere <aii. dii. 1> num <aii. dii. 2> num idayil puratthekku kondupoyi. motham 21 parakkalukal (22.6 flaitt manikkoor) chanjiyonil ninnu munnirayilekku nadatthi, thudarnnu onnaam medical bataaliyan shekharana, clearing steshanilekku madangi. oro vimanathinum eathenkilum tharatthilulla pva theepidithamundaayi, pakshe vimanathino udyogastharkko nashtamundaayilla. airfield audyogikamaayi black outtu cheythathinaal avasana flaittine handheld laittukal upayogichu nayikkendivannu. graundu udyogasthareyum flying offeesarmaareyum orupole thaalkkaalika plaatoonukalaayi roopeekarikkukayum pva thakararilaayaal prathirodha mekhalakal niyogikkukayum cheythu, koodaathe adhika vasthukkalum upakaranangalum aaa ratri hongchionilekku madangaan trekkukalil nirachu.
epril 1nuu ratri onnaam naavikar pii. vii. eiii 120-aamm division aakramanathinte aaghaatham etteduthu. vadakku, oru pakuthi naavikar, ippozhum kenal herman nickerson jooniyarinte pravartthana niyanthranathilaanu.'ezhaamathe naavikar "hozhsshoo ridjil" kuzhichu. ithu oru pradhana sthaanamaayirunnu, athu nashtappettaal, onnaam maraine divisione vishaalamaayi vibhajikkukayum pva vishadamaayi paraajayappeduthaan anuvadikkukayum cheyyum. kooduthal thekk, randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum battaaliyanukal, onnaam naavikar, 902-leeii kunnin mukalil, chanchiyon idanaazhiyude paranna pradeshangalkk abhimukhamaayi, prathyeka chuttalavukal upayogichu. eee sthaanangal prathirodhatthinte avasana nirayaayirunnu, avaa nashtappettaal division valayukayum vichedikkappedukayum cheyyum. peerankikal, mortar, cheria aayudangal, automatic aayudangal ennivayaal naavikar ratri muzhuvan akramikkappettu. pva seena kroo-sarvu cheytha aayudha sthaanangalkkum lainile durbalamaaya paadukalkkumaayi thiranjappol idathu vashathulla onnum ezhum naavikare anweshichu. hozhsshoo ridge" ennathinulla naalu manikkoor poraattam ekadesham aii. dii. 1-ll aarambhichu. avide, onnaam bataaliyan, onnaam naavikar, pii. vii. eiii 358-aamm rejimentinte krooramaaya kaikondu pooraattatthil akramanam thadayaan kazhinju. vadakkott, moonnil ezhu naavikar, ratri muzhuvan pva probukal pinvalichu. aaa pravartthanatthinte bhaagamaayi, sainyathinte 92-aamath kavachitha feeld artilary bataaliyan mesheen gannukalum nerittulla fayar artilary upayogichu noorukanakkinu pva sainikare illaathaakkaan oru prabhatha graundu aakramanathe pinthirippichu, athesamayam kuthirakkappalile ridjil naavikark vendi vediyuthirkkunnathu thudarnnu. onnaam tank battaliyanil ninnulla maraine emm26 pershingukal oduvil 92-aamm battaliyanil chernnu, marakamaaya phlait-tractory theepiduthatthode pva chitharichu. sainika peerankippadayaalikal puthiya sthaanangalilekku maattisthaapikkunnathinu munbu samyuktha sainika-antarvaahini patrolling vazhi pva straglerukale neekkam cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, aaa ratri pii. vii. eyude pradhana oonnal kooduthal thekkott nayikkapettu, avide avar thuranna samudrabhaagam tirikkaan shramichu, pakaram 902-aamm noottaandile kunnin mukalil moonnilonnu naavikark nere oodi. ardharaathriyode poornna thothilulla aakramanangalude oru parambara aarambhichu. pva 359,360 rejimentukal moonnaam battaaliyante thuranna paridhiyil aavarthichu idichuvenkilum nischayadaartyamulla prathirodhakkaare purathaakkaanulla ellah sramangalum parajayappettu. pva mortaarukal nirodhana naavikare manikkoorukalolam idichathinushesham oru "manushya tharamgam" kambani jii. yeei eathaandu thakarthu. ithu sambhavichilla ennathu saankethika sarjant harrold iii. yude pravarthanangalkkulla aadarasoochakamaayirunnu. vilson. naalu vyathyastha avasarangalil parikkettenkilum addeham ozhippikkal nirasikkukayum thante plaattooninte kamaandaraayi thudarukayum cheythu. tholil vedanayeriya murivukal kaaranam oru ayudham kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyaathathinal, niravadhi thavana adichittum vedikkoppukal vitharanam cheiyumbozhum thanthraparamaaya chalanagal nayikkumbozhum vilson aavarthichu pva vedivayppinu vidheyanaayi. aaa ratri vilson thante neethrthwathinu medel oof oonar nalki aadarichu. kadinamaaya kaikondu nadakkunna pooraattatthil naavikark kanatha naashanashtangal sambhavichuvenkilum pii. vii. aykku avare purathaakkaan kazhinjilla. epril 24 nuu <aii. dii. 1> nuu, mardhanametta naavikark vedikkoppukal theernnupoyi, avarude raankukal valare cheruthaayirunnuvenkilum avar avarude sthaanangal nilanirtthi. onnaam maraine divisione keniyil pedutthaanum unmoolanam cheyyaanumulla pii. vii. eiii padhathi chelaveria parajayamaayirunnu.
Ix corpsinte pothu punarkrameekaranatthinte bhaagamaayi "kansas linelake" thirike pookaan general hoj naavikarod utharavittu. theepidutthatthil ninnu pinvaangukayum niravadhi nadhi kadakkukayum cheyyendathinaal ithu eluppamulla oru neekkamaayirikkilla. ithu cheiyunnathinu, general smithinu prasthaanatthinu munbu thanthraparamaaya aikyam punasthaapikkendivannu. kazhinja kurachu divasangalaayi ezhaam naavikarumayi aduppathilaayirikkumbol aaveshathode edapazhakiyirunna oru bhagam naavikar rejimentil veendum chernnappol 24-aamm theeyathi raavile onnaam naavikar veendum onnichu. oresamayam, moonnilonnu naavikar, maraine, nevi, airfozhs vyomaakramanangalum maraine, armi yoonittukalude peeranki vedivayppum samrakshichulla poratta pinvalikkal nadatthi. takarnna moonnaam bataaliyan randaam bataaliyan kadannupoyi, thudarnnu rund yoonittukalum nadhi murichukadakkunna uyarnna nilathekku madangi. muzhuvan chalanathilum rejimentinu thudarchayaaya vedivayppu nadakkukayum vazhiyil niravadhi perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. athesamayam, chunchiyon-kapyong road thekkan ferry saittukalum samrakshikkunnathinaayi 696-aamm noottaandile kunnin mukalil thekk bhaagathekku moonnilonnu naavikar sthaapichu. ettavum thekke attathulla eee pradhana sthaanam, chunchiyon idanaazhiyilum pukhaan nadiyilum aadhipathyam pularthiyirunnathinaal ozhinjukidakkunna avasana sthaanangalilonnaayirikkum ithu. valathuvashath, anchaamathe naavikarum onnaam kilometerum chitharikkidakkunna prathirodhatthaal upadravikkappettu. division frontinte thalfalamaayundaaya hraswavalkkaranam ezhaamathe naavikare lainukalil ninnu valichedukkaanum division reservoy upayogikkaanum smithine anuvadichu. epril 24 vaikunneram, onnaam maraine divishante lineukal vadakku kannil 1 kilometer sentar ulla oru fishhukkinode saamyamullathaayirunnu, anchaamathe naavikar shank roopeekarikkukayum thekk valanja barbil 1st naavikar roopappedukayum cheythu. moonnaam bataaliyan ennathinekkaal kuranja ezhaamathe naavikark pinbhaagathe suraksha chumatala nalkukayum athinte onnum randum battaaliyanukal chanjiyonilekkum pattanathilekkumulla rivar crossingukal samrakshikkunnathinaayi sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
epril 1 nuu ratri onnaam naavikar veendum pva probukalude aaghaatham sahichu, ennaal 105 emm, 155 emm hovitsarukal upayogichu krithyamaaya closs-inn theepiduttham aakramanakaarikale akale nirtthi. vaikunnerathe eaka pradhana pravartthanatthil randaam bataaliyan oru pva kambaniye pinthirippichu. pva ippozhum padinjaaru olichirikkukayaayirunnu, pittennu raavile aaa pradeshathe sauhruda lainukalil ninnu purappedunna patrolling oru pva hornettinte koodilekku idichappol ithu vyakthamaayi. atharathilulla oru patrolling sauhruda lainukalil ninnu thaazhekku pinn cheythu. mattoru plaattoonin 18 perr kollappedukayum taankukal nadatthiya aakramanathil ninnu rakshappedendivarikayum cheythu. maruvashathu, anchaam naavikarum onnaam kilometer skauttukalum sanbarkkamillaathe vadakkott neengi. vaayuvum peerankikalum padinjaaran vashath plaasttar cheythuvenkilum pva mesheen gann, mortar, peeranki vediyuthirkkal enniva samudra sthaanangalil thudarnnu. onnaam naavikarude mekhalayil pva gannarmaar moonnaam bataaliyan command poost kandethi, rejimental commander, kenal mekaalisttar; bataaliyan commander, lefttanant kenal nirodhanam; executive officer; mejar trompeter, ooppareshans officer ennivarkku parikkettu. nirodhikkukayum executive offeesare ozhippikkukayum cheythu, mejar trompeter bataaliyan etteduthu. kenal mekaalisttar ozhippikkal nirasikkukayum rejimentinte commandle thudarukayum cheythu. samudrarekhakalil mattoru sramathinu mathiyaya shakti shekharikkunnathuvare pii. vii. eiii avarude samayam chelavazhikkukayaanennu vyakthamaayirunnu. thudarchayaaya sammarddam undaayirunnu, ennaal pathinonnam naavikarude peeranki aakramanavum nirodhana theepidutthavum, maraine taankukalude nerittulla vedivayppum, oru eyar kudayum oru valia akramanam thadanju. naavikar thirichupokumbol pva aakshan kurachu durbalamaaya probukalilum oru pidi mortar roundukalilum maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. onnaam maraine division nalla kramatthil parishkaricha "kansas lainil" ethi. kazhinja 48 manikorinullil 300-ladhikam perkku parikettittum, naavikar pva avarude nere erinjathellaam kaikaaryam cheyyukayum pva aakramanathmaka nilam nilaykkumbol ix corpsinte valath vashath uracha pidi pidikkukayum cheythu.
eee hrasvamaaya edavelayil oru puthiya division commander chumathalayettu. mejar general jerald sii. epril 25 nuu uchathirinju labhyamaya kurachu staaf amgangal pankeduttha oru cheria chadangil thomas onnaam maraine divishante commanding generalayi. command maattatthinte thidukkathilulla swabhaavavum sankeernamaaya oru poratta pravarthanathinidayilaanu ithu sambhavichathenna vasthuthayum undaayirunnittum, parivartthanam sugamamayirunnu, athu pravartthanangale thadassappeduthiyilla. corian thozhilaallikal prathirodha bullwark nirmmikkaan ravum pakalum advaanikkunna oru puthiya sthaanathekku onnaam maraine divisione thirike konduvarika ennathaayirunnu general thomasinu labhicha aadya oordar. samudra sanjaaram otappetta pinvalikkalayirunnilla. munvashangaliludaneelam, yuu. enn. sakthikal "noow-neyim line" ennariyappedunna oru puthiya pradhana prathirodha niraye niyantrikkunnathinaayi sanbarkkam thakarkkukayayirunnu. eee sammarddamillaatha pinnokkavastha
yuu. enn. thanthrangalil samoolamaaya maattam varuthi. 1950 desemberil ettaam sainyathinte command ettedutha general maattiv ridjeway shatru aakramanangale neridaan mobail prathirodha thanthrangal sweekarichu. enthuvilakoduthum ningalude nila pidichu nilkkuka" ennathinupakaram, yuu. enn unitukal shiksha nalkunnathinaayi nilam mattunna oru "roll-vithu-dhaa-punchs" padhathi addeham earppeduthi. eee vazhithirivu cheyyaan, pinnoca neekkangalil sathrukkalumaayum sameepathulla sauhruda shakthikalumaayum thante sainyam ellaayppozhum sanbarkkam pularthanamennu addeham nirbandhichu. ennaal ithavana general vaan kappalppada bandham poornnamaayum vichedikkaan theerumaanichu. sthalangalilennapole pinnott pookaan addeham theerumaanichu. avide, shradhaapoorvvam thiranjeduttha sthaanangalil ninnu, addehathinte sainikarkk munkootty aasoothranam cheytha peeranki kollal mekhalakalil thurannukattappetta aakramanakaarikale kettaan kazhiyum, athesamayam vyomashakthi shathrukkalude vitharana pathakal nirantharam neettaarund. pinnott nokkiyaal, eee samyuktha aayudha sameepanam shathruvinte balaheenatakal chooshanam cheyyumbol oru sakthiye poornnamaayum upayogichu, ennaal aaa samayat gurutharamaaya shatru bheeshaniyillennu thonnumbol kadinaadhvaanam cheytha bhoomi upekshikkendivanna pala naavikareyum athu aashayakkuzhappathilaakki. thekk hongchioninu sameepam sthithicheyyunna "noow-neyim laininte" oru bhaagathekku thirike varaan onnaam maraine divisionode paranjappol anganeyaayirunnu sthithi. rund ghattangalilayirikkum eee prasthaanam nadakkuka. yaathrayude aadya paadam chunchiyonilekk madangukayaayirunnu, avide raifil unitukal puratthekku pookumbool support unitukale moodum. athu poortthiyaakumbol poratta unitukal "noow-neyim lainil" thudarum. rund neekkangalilum kaaryamaaya shatru edapedal undaayilla. epril 26 nuu 11:30 nuu prarambha purappaad aarambhichu. anchaamathe naavikarum onnaam kilometerum aadyam viramichu, thudarnnu moonnilonnu naavikarulla onnaam naavikar. rokkattum peerankippadayum chernna aduthulla vyoma pinthunayude oru thirasseela eee chalanangale moodunnu. reargard ozhikeyulla ellah yoonittukalum iruttinu munbu tiriyunna pukhaan nadikku kuruke surakshithamaayirunnu. nench aazhathilulla nadikku kuruke avasheshikkunna avasana paalam <aii. dii. 1> ll pottitherichu, ithu randilonnu navikarkkum moonnil ezhu navikarkkum ardharaathriyil thanutha barrier kadakkaan nirbandhithamaakki. uchayode chanjiyonilekkulla madakkayaathra poortthiyaayi, 27 nuu uchathirinju sambhavangalonnumillathe naavikar soyang nadiyude thekkan theerathu prathirodha sthaanangal etteduthu. pull-back samayat neritta eaka shatru, iruttil maraine kolatthinoppam ashradhamaayi veena oru pva straggler aayirunnu.
epril 28nuu pinvalikkalinte randaam ghattam aarambhichu. samudrathil ninnu pinvalikkal veendum sammarddarahithamaayirunnu, ennaal gurutharamaaya gathagatha prasnangal kaaranam thekottulla neekkam poortthiyaakkaan moonnu divasamedutthu. oduvil, epril 30nuu, mareenukal "noow-neyim lainil" sthirathaamasamaakki, anchaamathe mareenukal idathuvashathum, onnaam kilometer madhyathilum, onnaam mareenukal valathuvasathum, ezhaamathe mareenukal reservilum. epril maasathil naavikark 933 perr kollappettu (93 perr kollappettu, 830 perkku parikkettu, 10 pere kaanathaayi), ettavum kooduthal nashtam aakramanathinide. pii. vii. eiii chila praadeshika vijayangal aaswadichuvenkilum mothatthil avarude akramanangal pratheekshakalekkaal valare kuravaayirunnu. ooppareshan dantless athinte tracukalil nirthalaakkappettu, pakshe pva nediya cheria nilam bhayankaramaaya vilaykk vaangiyirunnu; pvak ekadesham 70,000 pere nashtappettu. chainakkar pratheekshichirunna thalayuyarthiyulla pinvaangal yaadhaarthyamaayilla. ithavana "bugg outtu" undaayirunnilla. pakaram, lainile mikka breakkukalum vegathil seal cheyyukayum yuu. enn "noow-neyim lainil" urachunilkkukayum cheythu. thangalude nethaakkal vaagdaanam cheythathupole meyy dinathil pii. vii. eiii/keey. pii. eiii. siyolile theruvukaliloode paredu cheyyillennu epril avasana divasathode irupakshathinum vyakthamaayi.
anantharafalangal.
meyy maasatthile aadya divasangal valare shaanthamaayirunnu, samudra patrollingukal aarum bandhapettilla. ennirunnaalum, aakramanathinte randaam ghattam kizhakkan koriaye lakshyamittirunnathinal eee thaalkkaalika vishramam avasanikkaan pookukayaayirunnu. eee bhishaniye neridaan general vaan fleet thante kamaandine veendum vinyasichu. eee punasamghadanayude bhaagamaayi Ix corpsil ninnu 1st maraine division edukkukayum veendum mejar general edward emm. badaaminte ex corps. ithu cheyyaan eluppamaayirunnu, kaaranam onnaam maraine division sthithicheyyunnathu ikes, ex corps athirthiyilaanu, athu padinjarottu maatti, anchaam naavikarude oru bataaliyan maathrame yadhaarthathil neengendivannulloo.
adutha randaazhcha praadhamikamaayi prathirodha sthaanangal mechappeduthunnathinaayi neekkivachirunnuvenkilum chila thanthraparamaaya prasnangal uyarnnuvannu. general thomasine prathyekichu aswasthanaakkiyathu ettaamathe rund sainika utharavukal aayirunnu. onnamathaayi, aadyathe maraine
shathruvumaayi sanbarkkam pularthunnathinum valia aakramanathekkurichu munkootty munnariyipp nalkunnathinum shathruvinte munnettam kazhiyunnathra kaalathamasam varuthunnathinum oru "outpost line oof resistans" sthaapikkaan divisionode aavasyappettu. randaamathaayi, lakshyangal nireekshichaalum illengilum ellah divasavum oru yoonit vedivaykkaan pathinonnaamatthe naavikarod utharavittu. vyoma nireekshanavum deerghadoora rahasyaanveshana patrolling upayogichu thante pravartthana mekhala mathiyaya reethiyil cover cheyyaan kazhiyumennu thomas karuthiyathinaal 105 emm peeranki shreniykk purathu oru bataaliyan muzhuvan sthaapikkunnathine addeham ethirthu. poost aalukalullathaayirikkanamenna paranjappol, oru rejiment muzhuvan thuranna sthaanathu sthaapikkanamennu thomas abhyarthichu. eee abhyarthana amgeekarikkappettappol, addeham kenal nikkarsante ezhaamathe naavikare chanchiyon thaazhvaraykku abhimukhamaayi uyarnna nilathekku ayachu, rooad thurannirikkaanum pva praabalyatthil vannal athinte vazhi neridaan thayyarayirikkaanum utharavittu. ellah divasavum oru yoonit vedivaykkunnathu paazhaya oru sanbradaayamaanennum athu theerchayaayum udan allengil pinneedu vedikkoppukalude shaamathinu kaaranamakumennum thomas prathishedhichu. eee kesil addehathe thallikkalanju.
meyy 16 nuu soyang nadiyude yudhathinte thudakkathode pratheekshicha randaam ghatta akramanam kizhakk roock yoonittukalil veenu, taamasiyaathe oru nuzhanjukayattam samudra valathubhaagathe us randaam kaalaalppada vibhaagathe bheeshanippedutthi. aaa ratri pva senakal rejimental shakthiyode maraine sonilek praveshichu, avide anchaam navikarkkum onnaam kilometersikkum yathaakramam idathu, madhya vibhaagangalile prathirodhatthinte pradhana varikk vadakku niravadhi kambani valippathilulla patrolling thaavalangalundaayirunnu. valathuvashath, kenal nikkarsante ezhaamathe naavikark athinte aadya bataaliyan chanchiyon roadle patrolling nadathukayum, outpost kaikaaryam cheiyunna randaam bataaliyan, moonnaam bataaliyan enniva moray koge paas kaivasham vaykkukayum cheythu-- yudhamekhalayude munvashath ninnu pradhana munnirayilekku nayikkunna roadile oru pradhana link. paas niyantrikkunnavar rooad niyanthrichirunnuvennu ellaavarkkum ariyamaayirunnu, pva moray koge oru pradhana lakshyamakki. iruttinte maravil, avar shradhaapoorvvam onnaam kilometerinu pinnil thennimari nere churatthilekku neengi, athu surakshithamallenn avar karuthi. akramanam nadathunna sainyam apratheekshithamaayi ezhaam naavikarude paridhiyude vadakkan mekhalayil ekadesham aii. dii. 1 nuu idichukayarukayum oru prakopanaparamaaya poraattam aarambikkukayum cheythu. minitukalkkullil pathinonnaamatthe naavikar oru thee mathilukal nirmmikkukayum athe samayam kaalaalppada avarude avasana samrakshana theekal aarambikkukayum cheythu. maraine peerankikal pva pinn cheythappol maraine riflemar avare munnil ninnu vedivachukonnathinaal kathikkunna tracer roundukal sameepathinte ellah vazhikalum kadakkukayum raathriyil pottitherikkunna shellukal prathyakshappedukayum cheythu. ithokkeyaanengilum pii. vii. eiii aaa sthaanathu thanne nilkkukayaayirunnu. sakthamaaya kaikondu nadakkunna poraattatthinidayil oru ethir akramanam pii. vii. eye kambaniyude lainil ninnu puratthekku valicherinju. passinaayulla nirnaayaka yuddham pularche vare avasaanichilla, pva vyarthamaayi pinvalikkaan shramichappol, pakaram maraine peerankikal, mortaarukal, chila vaikiyulla vyomaakramanangal enniva vazhi thuranna sthalathu pidikkapettu. pii. vii. aykku ekadesham 530 pere nashtappettu. yadhaartha kanakkukal prakaram, 112 perr marichavarum 82 thadavukaarum recoiless raifilukal, mortaarukal, mesheen gannukal, 76 emm antitank gann enniva ulppede upekshikkappetta aayudhangalude sambathum avar avasheshippichu. samudra nashtam 7 perr kollappedukayum 19 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
adutha divasam, meyy 18 nuu, onnaam maraine division prathirodha swabhaavangal punakrameekarichu, ithu us randaam kaalaalppada divisione kizhakode neengaan anuvadikkukayum puthiya pva aakramanathinte aaghaatham vahikkunna athinte valath vasham shakthippeduthukayum cheythu. ezhaamathe naavikar onnaam naavikare aashwasippikkunnathinaayi "noow-neyim linelake" thirichupoyi, avar kizhakode maari munbu us onpathaam infentry rejimentinte kaivashamundaayirunna oru pradesham pidichedukkukayum anchaam naavikar idathu vashath ninnu neengukayum cheythu. 19-aamm theeyathi uchayode naluperum
pii. vii. eyude aakramanathinu vegatha nashtappettathinaal rejimentukal (1 kilometer, 7 naavikar, 1 naavikar, 5 naavikar) parishkaricha "noow-neyim lainil" idathuninnu valathottu vinyasichu.
chainees spring aakramanathinte avasana nadapadi meyy 20 nuu ekadesham aii. dii. 1 nuu sambhavichu, moonnaam bataaliyan, anchaam naavikar, pii. vii. eiii 44-aamm divishante gadakangale thuranna sthalathu pidichedutthu. 152 perum 15 thadavukaarum kollapetta anchu manikkoor neenda yudhathil rokkattukal, peerankikal, vyoma pinthuna enniva nalkikkond firing lainile naavikar ellaam thurannu. eee nadapadi aakramanathinte avasaanathe adayaalappeduthi. kazhinja maasathe kanatha poraattatthinu sesham aalukaludeyum saadhanangaludeyum kuravaaya pii. vii. eiii. oduvil neeravi theernnu ippol durbalamaayirunnu. aakramanathe vijayakaramaayi mangikkalanjathode, 1951 meyy 20 nuu nadanna yuu. enn. meyy-juun prathyaakramanathil ninnu aarambhicha vinashakaramaaya pii. vii. eiii/keey. pii. eiii tholvi vyakthamaayi chooshanam cheiyunnathinaayi general vaan fleet aakramanathmaka reethiyilekku marran thayyarayirunnu. yuu. enn. sainyam kazhinja maasathil thaarathamyena cheria naashanashtangalumaayi athiyirunnu, bhooribhaagavum swantham nibandhanakalkkanusarichu maathrame pradesham vittukoduthirunnull.