
bakteeriyakalude valarcha

bainari fission enna prakriyayil bacteria rund dotter cellukalaayi vyaapikkunnu. oru sambhavavum sambhavikkathe vannal, thathfalamaayundaakunna dotter cellukal janithakamaayi yadhaartha koshathinu samaanamaan. athinaal, bacteriayude valarcha sambhavikkunnu. vibhajanathil ninnulla rund dotter cellukalum athijeevikkendathilla. ennirunnaalum, athijeevichirikkunna samkhya sharashari ekathvathe kaviyukayaanengil, bakteeriyakalude ennam ganyamaaya valarchaykku vidheyamaakunnu. baachu kalcharile exponential bacteria valarchaa vakram alakkunnathu parambaraagathamaayi ellah microbiologistukalum parisheelanatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu; adisthaana maarggangalkk nerittum vyakthigathamaayum (microscopic, phloo cytometry), nerittum bulk (biomass), parokshavum vyakthigathavum (koolani counting), allengil parokshavum bulk (ettavum saadhyathayulla ennam, malinatha, poshakangal ettedukkal) reethikal vazhi bacteria enumeration (sell counting) aavasyamaanu. modalukal alavukalumayi sidhaantham samanvayippikkunnu.
gattangal.
autocological padanangalil, baachu kalcharile bakteeriyakalude (allengil mattu sookshumaanukkal, protosova, microalge allengil yeest) valarchaye naalu vyathyastha gattangal upayogichu maathrkayaakkaam laag ghattam (eiii), logue ghattam allengil exponential ghattam (bii), nischala ghattam (sii), marana ghattam (dii).
eee adisthaana baachu kalchar valarchaa model macrofoonayude valarchayil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya bacteriayude valarchayude vashangal eduthukaanikkukayum oonnipparayukayum cheiyunnu. clonality, alaingika bainari vibhajanam, replicationumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol hrasvamaaya vikasana samayam, kuranja marananirakk, nishkriyaavasthayil ninnu prathyulpaadana avasthayilekku maarendathinte aavasyakatha allengil media krameekarikkuka, oduvil, laabinte pravanatha enniva oonnipparayunnu. vaasthavathil, baachu samskaarathil polum, naalu gattangal nannayi nirvachikkappettitla. koshangal vyakthavum nirantharavumaaya prachodanamillaathe (bakteeriyakalumaayulla pareekshanangalilennapole) samanvayippikkunnathalla, avayude exponential ghatta valarcha palappozhum sthiramaaya nirakkalla, marichu pathukke shayikkunna nirakkaanu, poshaka saandrata kurayukayum maalinya saandrata vardhikkukayum cheiyunna saahacharyathil punarulppaadippikkaanum nishkriyamakaanumulla sammarddangalodulla sthiramaaya yaadruchika prathikaranam.
bakteeriyakalude ennam kurayunnathu logarithamik aayitheerum. athinaal, valarchayude eee ghattathe negatteevu logarithamik allengil negatteevu exponential valarchaa ghattam ennum vilikkam.
oru baachu kalcharinte logarithamik ghattatthinte avasaanathode, "basilus subtilisilum" mattu bakteeriyakalilum ullathupole swaabhaavika janithaka parivarthanatthinulla kazhivu prachodippikkappedaam. dna naashanashtangal nannakkunnathinulla oru poruthappedutthalaayi thonnunna dna kaimaattatthinte oru roopamaanu swaabhaavika janithaka parivartthanam.
bacteriayude valarcha padikkunna ettavum saadhaaranamaaya laborattari valarchaa reethiyaanu baachu kalchar, ennaal ithu palathil onnu maathramaan. ithu anuyojyamaayi praadeshikamaayi gadanayillaathathum thaalkkaalikamaayi gadanayullathumaanu. bacteria kalchar oru baachu meediyam upayogichu oru adacha paathratthilaanu incubate cheiyunnathu. chila pareekshanathmaka vyavasthakalil, chila baakteeriyal kalcharukal idaykkide neekkam cheyyukayum puthiya anuvimuktha maadhyamathilekku cherkkukayum cheiyunnu. angeyattatthe saahacharyathil, ithu poshakangalude thudarchayaaya naveekaranatthilekku nayikkunnu. ithu oru keemostaatt aanu, ithu thudarchayaaya samskaaram ennum ariyappedunnu. poshaka vitharanathinteyum bacteriayude valarchayudeyum nirakkukal nirvachikkunna sthiramaaya avasthayil ithu praadeshikamaayi gadanayillaathathum thaalkkaalikamaayi gadanayillaathathumaanu. baachu kalcharumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, bakteeriyakal exponential valarchaa ghattathil nilanirthappedunnu, koodaathe bacteriayude valarchaa nirakk ariyappedunnu. turbidostaattukalum auxostaattukalum anubandha upakaranagalil ulppedunnu. escherichiya koolii" valare pathukke valarumbol, oru keemostaattil 16 manikkoor erattippikkumbol mikka koshangalkkum orotta chromosome undu.
bakteeriyakale kollathe bacteriayude valarchaye baakteeriyostaattukal upayogichu adichamarthaan kazhiyum. bacteriayude valarchaye adichamarthaano bakteeriyakale collano chila vishavasthukkal upayogikkaam. antibioticukal (allengil, kooduthal krithyamaayi, aanti baakteeriyal marunnukal) bakteeriyakale kollan upayogikkunna marunnukalaanu; avaa paarshwafalangal undaakkukayo aalukalil prathikoola prathikaranangal undaakkukayo cheyyaam, ennirunnaalum avaye vishavasthukkalayi tharamthirichittilla. onniladhikam bacteria enangal ulla oru synecological, yadhaartha-prakrithi saahacharyathil, sookshumaanukkalude valarcha kooduthal chalanathmakavum nirantharavumaanu.
draavakam mathramalla bacteriayude valarchaykkulla oreyoru laborattari anthareeksham. biophilimukal allengil aggar prathalangal polulla praadeshikamaayi gadanaaparamaaya parithasthithikal kooduthal sankeernamaaya valarchaa maathrkakal avatharippikkunnu.
anchaam ghattam deerghakaala nischala ghattam.
deerghakaala nischala ghattam, aadyakaala nischala ghattathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi (athil koshavibhajanam kuravaanu), janana-marananirakk santhulithamaaya valare chalanathmakamaaya oru kaalaghattamaanu. marana ghattathinu sesham "iii" ennu theliyikkappettittund. poshakangal cherkkathe baachu kalcharil deerghakaalam koolii nilanirthaan kazhiyum. alavum ausmolaarittiyum nilanirthaan anuvimukthamaaya vaattivellam nalkunnathiloode, baachu kalcharil poshakangal cherkkathe 5 varshathilereyaayi aerobic valarthal kalcharukal millick ~ 106 sii. eph. yuu saandrathayil nilanirthaan kazhiyum.
paristhithi saahacharyangal.
acidity (piechu), thaapanila, jalapravarthanam, macro, micro poshakangal, ooksijan alavu, vishavasthukkal thudangiya paaristhithika gadakangal bacteriayude valarchayude nirakkine swaadheenikkunnu. exterophiles ozhikeyulla avasthakal bakteeriyakalkkidayil thaarathamyena sthirathayullathaanu. baakteeriyakalkk avayude valarchayude ettavum anuyojyamaaya avasthayundu, ennaal aaa avasthakalkku purathu orikkal sammarddam valarcha kurayukayo sthambhippikkukayo, nishkriyatha (formation sporukal polullava) allengil maranathinu kaaranamakum. ettavum anuyojyamallaatha valarchaa saahacharyangal nilanirthunnathu bhakshya samrakshanathinte oru pradhana thathwamaanu.
thaapanila.
kuranja thaapanila valarchaa nirakk kuraykkunnu, ithu bhakshya samrakshanathil rafrijareshan pradhana gadakamaakaan kaaranamaayi. thapanilaye aashrayich bakteeriyakale ingane tharamthirikkaam
15 digri selshyaso athil thaazheyo valarchaykku anuyojyamaaya thapanilayulla (valarchaykku paramavadhi thaapanila 20 digri selshyaso athil thaazheyo valarchaykku kuranja thaapanila) extremophilic thanutha-snehikkunna bacteriakalo archaeo aanu cycrophylukal. dhruva aise-cap pradeshangal, permaphrost, dhruva uparithalam, aazhathilulla samudrangal thudangiya bhoomiyude angeyattam thanutha aavaasavyavasthakalil cycrophylukal saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunnu.
20 digri muthal 45 digri selshyas vare uyarnnuvarunna mithamaaya thapanilayil valarunna baakteeriyakalaan mesophileukal. eee thaapanila manushyarude swaabhaavika shareera thapanilayumaayi yojikkunnu, athinaalaan pala manushya rogakaarikalum mesophileukal.
45-80 °C thapanilayil athijeevikkunnu.
acidity.
aasidophailukal ozhike bakteeriyakalude opttimal acidity ekadesham piechu 6.5 muthal 7.0 vareyaanu. chila baakteeriyakalkk assid visarjjikkunnathiloode piechu maattaan kazhiyum, ithu opttimal avasthakalkku kaaranamaakunnu.
ooksijan.
bakteeriyakal aerobukal allengil anarobukal aakam. ooksijante alavine aashrayich aavashyamaaya baakteeriyakalkk inipparayunna vibhagangalil pedaam
micro neutriyantukal.
poshakangal dhaaraalamaayi
visha samyukthangal.
ethanol polulla visha samyukthangal valarchaye thadassappeduthukayo bakteeriyakale kollukayo cheyyum. anuvimukthamaakkunnathinum bhakshyasamrakshanathinum ithu prayojanakaramaanu.
baahya linkukal.
"eee lekhanathil 2003 epril 26 nuu nupeediyayil poost cheytha oru lekhanathil ninnulla metteeriyal ulppedunnu; nagina parmar ezhuthiyathu; biology group avalokanam cheyyukayum amgeekarikkukayum cheythu; edittar, gaayta langlois; leed reviewer, gaayta langlois; leed koppi edittarmaar, rooth ifture. oppam jaann hogilum."