
bonsho

jappaaniludaneelamulla budhakshethrangalil kaanapedunna valia manikal ennum ariyappedunna iva sanyaasimaare praarthanaykku vilikkaanum kaalaparidhi nirnnayikkaanum upayogikkunnu. oru clapper adangunnathinupakaram, kaikondu pidikkunna maalat allengil kayarukalil thookkiyirikkunna beam upayogichu purathu ninnu adikkunnu.
chelavidenda oru tharam pooppal casting upayogichu saadhaaranayaayi venkalathil ninnaan manikal nirmmikkunnath. avaa saadhaaranayaayi vardhippikkukayum vividha meladhikaarikal, uyarthiya baandukal, likhithangal enniva upayogichu alankarikkukayum cheiyunnu. jappaanile eee manikalil aadyathethu ekadesham 600 sii. iii. yilaanu, ennirunnaalum pothuvaaya roopakalppana valare munbulla chainees uthbhavamaan, purathana chainees manikalil kaanunna chila savisheshathakal pankidunnu. manikalude thulachukayarunnathum vyapakavumaaya swaram ganyamaaya doorangal vahikkunnu, ithu signalukal, timekeepparukal, alaarangal ennivayaayi avayude upayogathilekku nayichu. koodaathe, maniyude shabdathinu amanushika gunangalundennu karuthappedunnu; udaaharanathinu, ithu adholokathil kelkkamennu vishwasikkappedunnu.
budhamatha chadangukalil, prathyekichu puthuvarshatthilum uthsavangalilum avaa oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu ennaanu avayude athmeeya praadhaanyam ardhamaakkunnathu. japanese charithrathiludaneelam eee manikal mii-derayile bencay munny polulla saangalppikavum hoocoo-jiyude munny polulla charitraparavumaaya kathakalumaayum ithihaasangalumaayum bandhappettirikkunnu. aadhunika kaalath lokasamaadhaanathinte pratheekangalayi mariyirikkunnu.
uthbhavam.
tyoon cheytha manikalude oru parambara ulkkollunna purathana chainees kodathi upakaranamaya (japanese bhashayil) dhii yill ninnaan ithu uruthirinjathu. oduvil oru tuning upakaranamaayum shrothaakkalkk oru paaraayanatthil pankedukkaanulla samansayum vikasippicha oru valia adhika munny upayogichu. aithihyamanusarichu, aadyakaala chainayil ninnu corian upadveep vazhi jappanilekku vannathaayirikkam. 562ll goguriyoyil ninnu yudhathil kollayadichathaayi totomo noow satehiko moonnu venkala manikal jappanilekku thirike konduvannathayi rekhakalundu.
nirmmaanam.
 narah kaalaghattam muthal (710-794) valia thothil maattamillaatha oru prakriyayil, oru coor, oru shell ennee rund achukal upayogichu orotta kashanathil eriyunnu. kadinamaaya manal kondu nirmmicha adukki vacha ishtikakal kondu nirmmicha thaazhikakkudatthil ninnaan coor nirmmichirikkunnathu, athesamayam shell oru strickle board upayogichaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. ithu maniyude cross sekshan aakruthiyilulla oru valia, paranna, thadi bordaanu, ithu achadikku upayogikkunna kalimannine roopappeduthunnathinaayi lambamaya achuthandinu chuttum karakkunnu. likhithangalum alankaarangalum pinneedu kalimannil kothiyedukkukayo mudrakuthukayo cheiyunnu. oru idungiya vidavu srishtikkaan shell korinu mukaliloode yojikkunnu, athil urukia venkalam oru thapanilayil ozhikkunnu. lohathinte anupatham saadhaaranayaayi tinninum chembinum thammilulla 17:3 aanu; krithyamaaya mishrithathinum (athupole thanuppikkal prakriyayude vegathaykkum) anthima uthppannathinte swaram maattaan kazhiyum. loham thanuppikkukayum urappikkukayum cheytha sesham, athu thakarth achukal neekkam cheiyunnu, athinaal oro manikkum oru puthiya munny srishtikkendathundu. eee prakriyayude parajaya nirakk uyarnnathaan; villalukaloo apoornathakalo illaathe aadya shramathil 50 sathamaanam castingukal maathrame vijayikkunnulloo.
parambaraagathamaayi niravadhi manikorukal neendunilkkunna buddha soothrangalude japathodoppamaanu casting. budhamatha praarthanaapathrangal, vishudha mulberryude thaikal, mattu aachaaraparamaaya vazhipaadukal enniva sthaapaka prakriyayil urukia venkalathil cherkkunnu.
oru kshetra maniyude niravadhi bhaagangalunda
chila manikal upayogicha pooppal sandhikalil ninnu undaakunna rekheeya bhaavangal nilanirthunnu; avaa futling samayat neekkam cheyyappedunnilla, pakshe maniyude mothatthilulla soundaryathinte oru vashamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. jappaante soundaryathinu anusrithamaayi maniyude roopavum shabdavum uddeshichullathaanu.
shabdam.
japanese kshetra manikal oru aantharika clapper upayogichu allathe chuttikayo thookkiya beam upayogicho puratthekku adikkunnu. maniyude shabdam moonnu bhagangalaal nirmmithamaan. onnamathaayi, panimudakkinte aaghaatham. nannayi nirmmicha oru munny vrithiyullathum vyakthavumaya oru swaram srishtikkanam. adikkunnathinte prarambha shabdathe udan thanne thudarnnu munny adichathinusheshavum thudarnnum neendunilkkunna prathidhwani muzhangunnu. ithu pichil kooduthalaanu, harmonics kondu sambannamaaya dukhakaramaaya vaayuvulla thaazhnna shabdamaanu; ithu patthu second vare neendunilkkum. oduvil varunnath allengil kshayikkunnu, maniyude vibration kelkkunna anurananm illaathaakunnu, athu oru minitt vare neendunilkkum. munny muzhangunnathiludaneelam thudarchayaaya harmonic svarangalum kelkkunnu. eee onniladhikam tonukal oru sankeernamaaya pitch profile srishtikkunnu.
kuranja tone maniyude aazhathilulla anurananm shabdathe valare dooram kondupokaan anuvadikkunnu; thelinja oru divasam vare oru valia shabdam kelkkaam. maniyude pitch athinte srashtaakkal shradhaapoorvvam vilayiruthunnu, adisthaana aavruthiyile orotta hertsinte vyathyaasathin munny aadyam muthal punarnirmmikkendathund.
pravartthanavum praadhaanyavum.
 budhakshethrangalil, saadhaaranayaayi prathyekamaayi nirddishtamaaya oru kettidatthiloo gopuratthilo sthithicheyyunnu. kaalakramam adayaalappeduthunnathinum sanyaasimaare aaraadhanaakramathilekku vilikkunnathinum avaa upayogikkunnu. budhamathathil, maniyude shabdam shaanthavum dhyaanathinu anuyojyamaaya anthareekshathe prerippikkunnathumaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. avayude aakruthi kaaranam (charinja tholum paranna aditharayum ulla) munny irikkunna budhante praathinidhyamaayi kaanapedunnu, avaykku samanamaaya bahumanam nalkunnu; munny adikkunnavar aadyam budhaprathimaykku munnil cheiyunnathupole athilekku moonnu villukal undaakkum.
varaanirikkunna kodunkaattukalekkurich munnariyipp nalkunnathinum pothuvaaya munnariyippayi maniyude shabdavum upayogichu. oru kshethrathinte munny ganyamaaya doorangalil kelkkamennathinaal, ithu chilappol mattu signalling aavasyangalkkum upayogichirunnu; jenpay yuddham (1180-1185 CE) vare sainika aashayavinimayathinayi kshetra munny upayogichathayi rekhakalundu. valia kshetra manikal valare bhaarameriyathum gathaagathathinu kazhiyaathathaayathum aayathinal cheria pathippukal pinneedu yudhakkalathil upayogathinaayi nirmmichu. eee cheriyava praadhamikamaayi shatru akramanangalekkurichu munnariyipp nalkunna alarangalaayi upayogichirunnu; drummukalum shamkhangalum upayogichaanu commandukal nalkiyirunnathu.
japanese puthuvalsara aakhoshangalude bhaagamaayi, 108 bhoumika pralobhanangalil ninnu manushyarashi shudheekarikkaan uddeshichulla oru chadangil 108 thavana kshetra manikal muzhakkaan aalukal kyoo nilkkunnu. budhamatha boonn utsavathil, aan ennu vilikkunna oru prathyeka tharam rung aanu. eee munny oru kinarinu mukalil thookkiyidunnu, marichavarude aathmaakkale vilichuvaruthaan maniyude shabdam kinattiloode adholokathilekku prathidhvanikkunnuvennu vishwasikkappedunnu. uthsavathinte avasaanathil, aathmaavine thirike ayaykkaanum venalkkaalathinte avasaanathe prathinidheekarikkaanumaayi aan ennu vilikkunna mattonn rung cheiyunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu yudhashramathinaayi lohathinullah aavasyam niravadhi manikal polikkaan urukunnathin kaaranamaayi. thalphalamaayi, athijeevichava pothuve pradhana charitraparamaaya karakaushalavasthukkalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 70, 000-ladhikam manikal (akkaalat nilavilundaayirunnavayude ekadesham 90 sathamaanavum) eee reethiyil nasippikkappettu. ennirunnaalum, yudhaananthara kaalaghattatthil manikalude druthagathiyilulla uthppaadanam ardhamaakkunnathu 1995 aayappozhekkum jappaanile kshetra manikalude ennam yudhaananthara nilavaaratthilekku madangiyethiyirunnu ennaanu.
irupathaam noottaandinte avasana pakuthiyil, lokamembaadum samadhaanathinte pratheekangalayi sthaapikkunnathinaayi shethramani vaykkaanum dhanasahayam nalkaanum lakshyamit jappanil waled pease bell association sthaapikkappettu. 2011 leeii tohoku bhookambam, sunami thudangiya prakrithi duranthangalkku marupadiyaayi niravadhi durithabaadhitha samoohangal sambhavathinte smaranaykkaayi munny niyogichu.
 aadhunika rachanakalil idaykkide sangeetha upakaranangalayi upayogikkunnu. 1964leeii tokkiyo olimbiku games aarambikkaan upayogicha mayusumi thoshiroyude "olimbiku campanology" enna kruthiyil kshetra manikalude record cheytha shabdam upayogichu. jacob druckmante "lamia" enna kashanam oru ketledratthinu mukalil sthaapikkumbol athu muzhangumbol pradarshippikkunnathinum oru kshetra munny upayogikkunnu. thaalavaadyathinulla aadhunika sangeethanjjar chilappol oorkkastra tham-thaaminte ippol saadhaarana shabdathinu pakaram kshetra munny upayogichittundu.
sradheyamaaya udaaharanagal.
ariyappedunnathil vachu ettavum pazhakkam chennathum (ippozhum upayogathilulla lokathile ettavum pazhakkam chenna munny) 698ll nirmmicha myoshin-jiyile okikicho munny aanu. ettavum valuth 1633ll kammeeshan cheytha 74 tonn bharamullah chiyon-innile maniyaan. ithu shabdamundaakkaan irupathiyanchu amgangalulla oru team aavasyamaanu.
pathinezhaam noottaandil ithu oru kshethrathinte neethrthwathinte pratheekamaayirunnu; munny kaivasham vachathu anubandha kshethrathinte udamasthaavakaashathe soochippikkunnu. thalphalamaayi, munny palappozhum moshtikkappettu; naadodi nayakanaaya bencay atharam oru moshanathinide moonnu tonn bharamullah mii-dera kshethrathinte munny hye parvathatthilekku valichidukayaayirunnuve parayappedunnu. mii-derayil ippozhum pradharshippichirikkunna bencay maniyile aazhathilulla poralukal, bencay manikk oru doshavum sambhavikkillenn kandethiyappol aashramathilekku madangiyathinte falamaanennu aithihyathil parayunnu. bencay munny yadhaarthathil mii-dera shethrathinu sambhavana cheytha itihaasa naayakan tawara todayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. oru bheeman sentippeedil ninnu daivathe rakshicha sesham draagan devanaaya ryoojinil ninnu sammaanamaayi addeham ithu nedi.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil hoocoo-jii kshethram katthi nasichathinushesham, 1610-ll toyotomi hydeori athinte punarnirmmaanatthinu sponsor cheyyukayum aaa prakriyayude bhaagamaayi oru valia munny kammeeshan cheyyukayum cheythu. haidiyoriyude pithaav haidyoshi marichappol toyotomi vamshathil ninnu adikaaram pidichadakkiya sesham tokugawa iyasu enna aalude rosham maniyude likhitham aakarshichu. likhithathil, shoganinte perinulla aksharangal () "samadhaanam" () ennathinu kanchi ennu vibhajichu. samaadhaanathin tokugavayude "vichedanam" aavasyamaanennu toyotomy soochippikkunnuvennu tokugawa anumaanichu. thudarnnulla tharkkam addeham toyotomi vamshathinethire yuddham cheyyaanulla oru ozhikazhivaayi upayogichu, athinte falamaayi osakka uparodhikkukayum oduvil toyotomi nasippikkappedukayum cheythu.
jappaanilethiyappol commador maathyoo perrick sammaanicha sammanangalil oru venkalavum ulppedunnu. higo pravishyayile suva kudumbatthil ninnulla belmakermar nirmmicha ithu ippol smithsonian sthaapanathinte shekharathilaanu.
eathenkilum valia valippathilulla oru prope avatharippikkunna noah naadakangalilonnaaya noah naadakam, dojo-jiyude maniyekkurichulla oru aithihyathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. kathayil, aankar enna budhamatha purohithante veruppu thonniya yajamanathi keohime enna sthree, thante kaamukane kshethrathinte maniyil keniyil pedutthukayum paambaayi maarukayum manikk chuttum churutti athil paachakam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. eee naadakam pinneedu kabukikkayi roopaantharappeduthi, athinu perittu.
japanese yudhashramathinte bhaagamaayi 1943ll tokkiyoyile nishi-araay daishi kshethrathinte munny neekkam cheythu. us "pasadena" yude samgham athu oru scrap koombaaratthil kandethi, oru yuddha trophiyayi uslake kondupoyi, athu pasadena nagarathinu sambhavana cheythu; 1955 ll sitti kaunsil munny tokyoik thirike nalki. samanamaaya oru katha yudhathinu sesham us "bosttanil" amerikkayilekku kondupoya manpuku-jiyude manikkoppam; ennirunnaalum, eee saahacharyathil, rund nagarangalum thammilulla souhrudathinte pratheekamaayi sendaay adhikaarikal munny bosttanil thudaraan anuvadichu. american aikyanaadukalile avasaanathe randaam lokamahaayudhamaanu boosttan bell.
newyorkkile aikyaraashtrasabhayude aasthaanathulla japanese samadhana munny 1954 ll loka samadhaanathinte pratheekamaayi jappan sambhavana cheythu. lokamembaadumulla daathaakkal nalkunna nanayangalil ninnum medalukalil ninnum veendedutha loham upayogichaanu ithu srishtichathu. lokasamaadhaanathinaayulla prathibaddhathaye prathinidheekarikkunna samanamaaya manikal hiroshimayude samadhana smaaraka paarkk ulppede niravadhi pouramekhalakalil kaanam. 1995ll, tennessi nagaratthile ookku ridge, athinte ambathaam vaarshika aakhoshangalude bhaagamaayi jappanumaayulla bandham shakthippeduthunnathinum naalu tonn samadhana munny-hiroshima manikalilonninte pakarpp-nagara madhyathil sthaapichu. ookku ridge frontship bell jappanumaayulla ookku ridjinte bandhavumaayi bandhapetta theeyathikalaal alankarichirikkunnu (hiroshima aattomik bombil upayogicha euranium ookku ridjil nirmmichathaanu). 1998ll oru praadeshika pouran munny oru buddha chihnamaanennum praadeshika niyamangalum us bharanaghadanayum lamghikkunnuvennum avakaashappett nagaratthinethire cases phayal cheythu. ookku ridge nagarathinu anukoolamaayaanu cases vidhichathu.