
edward voonn hartman

oru jarmman thathwachinthakanum swatantra pandithanum "abodhaavasthayude thathwachintha" (1869) rachayithaavumaayirunnu kaal roobert edward voonn hartman (23 februvari 1842-5 juun 1906). addehathinte sradheyamaaya ashayangalil metaafisiksile "saadhyamaaya ellah lokangalilum mikachathu" enna aashayathinte abodhaavasthayude sidhaanthavum niraashaavaadaparamaaya vyaakhyaanavum ulppedunnu.
jeevacharitram.
prussian mejar generalinte makanaaya berlinil janicha voonn hartman oru sainikajeevitam nayikkuka enna uddeshyathodeyaanu vidyaabhyaasam nediyathu. 1858ll addeham prussian sainyathinte gards peeranki rejimentil praveshikkukayum yunaittad peeranki, enchiniyaring schoolil cherukayum cheythu. addeham phastt lefttanant padavi nediyengilum 1865-ll kalmut sambandhamaaya vittumaaraatha prashnam kaaranam sainyathil ninnu avadhi eduthu. sangeethamo thathwashaasthramo pinthudarunnathil kurachu madikkalinushesham, randaamathethu thante thozhilakkaan addeham theerumaanikkukayum 1867-ll phd nedukayum cheythu.dii. rostokku sarvakalashaalayil ninnu. 1868ll addeham sainyathil ninnu audyogikamaayi raajivachu. abodhaavasthayile thathwachintha" enna thante aadya kruthiyude valia vijayathinushesham (1869)-athinte prasidheekaranam voonn hartman germmaniyile nirashaavaada vivaadathil kudungikkidakkunnathil nayichu-leapsig sarvakalashaalakal addehathinu nalkia professorshippukal addeham nirasichu, gottingan, berlin.
pinneedu addeham berlinilekk madangi. varshangalolam, oru swatantra pandithanenna nilayil viramicha patanajeevitham addeham nayichu, thante joliyude bhooribhaagavum kidakkayil, valia vedana anubhavichukondu.
voonn hartman 1872 juulai 3 nuu charlottenbergil vachu agnez toubertine (1844-1877) vivaham kazhichu. avarude maranashesham, 1878 november 4 nuu addeham alma laurencine (1854-1931) bremenil vachu vivaham kazhichu. eee vivahangal aarr kuttikale prasavichu.
1906ll gross-licherfeldil vachu addeham marikkukayum berlinile oru oonarari shavakudeerathil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.
daarshanika kruthi.
oru thathwachinthakan enna nilayilulla addehathinte prashasthi sthaapichathu addehathinte aadya pusthakamaaya 'philosophy oof dhaa nonsans' (1869; patthaam pathipp. 1890). eee vijayam pradhaanamaayum athinte thalakkettinte moulikatha, ulladakkangalude vaividhyam (inductive sayans reethikaliloode thante oohaathmaka phalangal nedumennu voonn hartman avakaashappedukayum konkreett chithreekaranangal dhaaraalamaayi upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu), athinte fashion niraashaavaadam, athinte shailiyude oorjjavum spashtathayum enniva moolamaanu. voonn hartman thante aathyanthika metaafisikkal thathwathe vivarikkunna abodhaavasthayekkurichulla ashayam adisthaanaparamaayi, athu kelkkunnathupole vairudhyamalla, jarmman metaafisishyanmaarude samboornnathaykku puthiyathum nigoodavumaaya padavi maathramaan.
bodham ennathu ichhaashakthiyum yuktiyum (randaamathethu aashayamaayum vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu) ellah asthithvathinteyum samboornnamaaya ellah ulkkollunna aditharayumaanu. voonn hartman thante positteev thathwachinthayil shelling cheythukondu paanlojisavumaayi paantheesatthe samyojippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, bodham nashtappedunnavarude praadhamika vasham yuktiyalla, ichhaashakthiyaanu, avarude vishaadajeevitham nirnnayikkunnath ichhaashakthiyude praadhaanyavum kaaranatthinte kaalathaamasavumaan. ichhaashakthi saadhyathayullathil ninnu yadhaartha sannadhathayilekku kadannupokumbol athu yukthirahithamaan. abodhaavasthayude yadhaartha avastha pottensialityaanu, athil, shudhamaaya aakasmikathayiloode, ichhaashakthi parisramikkaan thudangunnu. shoonyamaaya ichhaashakthi ennu vilikkappedunna parivartthana avasthayil krithyamaaya avasaanamilla. svanthamaayi pravartthikkumbol, ichhaashakthi samboornna durithathe srishtikkunnu.
lakshyarahithamaya aagrahathinte asanthushti ozhivakkaan, ichhaashakthi ithinakam thanne nilanilkkunna ashayangal thirichariyukayum abodhaavastha yaadhaarthyamaavukayum cheiyunnu. prapanchatthinte nilanilpp yukthirahithamaya ichhaashakthiyude falamaanu, ennaal athinte swabhaavasavisheshathakalum niyamangalum ellaam ashayamo yuktiyo moolamaanu, athinaal avaa yukthisahamaan. prabudhanaaya niraashaavaadiyude bodhatthile ichhaashakthiyumaayi sahakarichu yukthiyude prayogatthiloode yadhaartha asthithvathil ninnu abodhaavasthayilullavare mochippikkumenna vaagdaanam ulkkollunna saadhyamaaya ellah lokangalilum ettavum mikachathaanu ithu.
lokacharitram prakrithi shaasthram nalkunnathaanu, koodaathe darvinian parinaama sidhaanthathinu prathyeka oonnal nalkunnu. mrugathil ninnu manushyarashi vikasichu, aadyathe manushyante roopabhaavathode lokathinte vimochanam drishyamaakunnu, kaaranam manushyanil maathrame bodham ichhaashakthiyil ninnu swathanthramaayi pravarthikkaanulla uyarathilum sankeernathayilum athukayulloo. bodham vikasikkumbol, ellah vyakthikaludeyum asthithwamillaaymayum abodhaavasthayude saadhyathakalum ennarthamulla ichhaashakthiyillaathinthi yadhaartha avasthayilekku madangunnathilaayirikkanam vimochanam enna vasthuthayude amgeekaaram nirantharam vardhichukondirikkunu. nilanilkkunna ichhaashakthiyude bhooribhaagavum nilanilppinte anivaryamaaya durithathe manassilakkunnathinulla yukthiyal prabudhamaakumbol, ichhaashakthiyude nilanilppinulla oru koottaaya sramam nadathappedum, lokam shoonyathayilekkum abodhaavasthayilekkum shaanthathayilekkum thirichupokum.
voonn hartman thante thathwachinthaye oru ateendriya yaadhaarthyavaadam ennu vilichu, kaaranam athil anubhavathinte vishalamaaya aditharayil ninnu anubhavathinu atheethamaaya arivu ulppeduthunnathiloode athicherumennu addeham avakashappettu. bodhatthinte oru prathyeka bhagam, athaayath dhaarana, nammude sammathamillaathe aarambikkukayum maarukayum avasaanikkukayum cheiyunnu, palappozhum nammude aagrahangalkk nere ethirppilaanu. appol, abhiniveshathe ahankaarathil ninnu maathram vendathra vishadeekarikkaan kazhiyilla, anubhavathinu purathulla kaaryangalude nilanilpp sthaapikkanam. mathramalla, avar bodhatthil pravartthikkukayum vyathyastha samayangalil vyathyastha reethikalil athu cheyyukayum cheiyunnathinaal, atharam pravartthanangal saadhyamaakkunna aaa gunangal avarkk undaayirikkanam. athinaal kaaryakaaranathvam aashayangalude aathmanishtamaaya lokathe vasthunishtamaaya lokavumaayi bandhippikkunna oru kanniyayi maarunnu.
bakkiyulla anubhavangalude, prathyekichu sahajaavabodham, swamedhayaa ulla chalanam, laingika sneham, kalaparamaaya uthppaadanam thudangiya prathibhaasangalude parisodhana, ichhaashakthiyum ashayavum, abodhaavasthayil, ennaal teleological, ellaayidathum pravarthikkunnuvennum adisthaana shakti onnaanennum onnallennum vyakthamaakkunnu. eee vasthuvine thanne abodhaavastha ennu vilikkam. athinu rund thulyamaaya yadhaartha attributeukal undu, athaayath, ichhaashakthiyum ashayavum (allengil kaaranam).
jorg wilhem friedrich hegel arther shopenhover thammilulla metaafisiksinte samyojanamaayaan abodhaavastha prathyakshappedunnathu. voonn hartmante kazhchappadil, aashayatheyo yukthiyeo ichhaashakthikko yuktiko keezhppeduthunnathilo allengil aashayathino yuktiko keezhppeduthunnathilo hegel shopenhower thettayirunnu; neremarichu, ottaykku pravartthikkaan kazhiyilla, mattonninte phalavum allah. ichhaashakthiyude yukthiyude abhavam lokathinte "athu" () nilanilppin kaaranamaakunnu; ashayamo yuktiyo bodhavaanmaarallengilum yukthisahamaan, koodaathe "enthaanu" () enna saaramsham nirnnayikkunnu. ichhaashakthiyude ananthavum vyarthavumaaya parisramam prapanchatthil kashtappaadukalude valia praadhaanyam aavashyappedunnu, athu athinekkaal dayaneeyamalla. ennirunnaalum, athine saadhyamaaya ettavum mikacha lokamaayi visheshippikkanam, kaaranam prakrithiyum charithravum lokaavasaanavumaayi ettavum nannayi poruthappedunna reethiyil nirantharam vikasichukondirikkunnu; bodham vardhippikkunnathiloode, kashtappaadukal nithyathayilekku neettuka ennathinupakaram, asthithvamillaathathil nilanilkkunna thinmakalil ninnu abhayam nalkunnu.
voonn hartman oru niraashaavaadiyaanu, kaaranam thinma nilanilppilaanennum nilanilppil maathrame avasanikkaan kazhiyoo ennum jeevithathekkurichulla mattoru kazhchappadum amgeekarikkunnilla. ennaal addeham oru anishchithathvavaadiyalla. vyakthiyude santhosham ivideyum ippolum allengil bhaaviyilum orikkalum nedaanaakaathathaanu, pakshe abodhaavasthayilullavare athinte kashtappaadukalil ninnu aathyanthikamayi mochippikkunnathil addeham niraashappedunnilla. jeevikkanulla ichhaashakthiye nishedhikkunnathiloode raksha nedunnathil addeham shopenhoveril ninnu vyathyasthanaan, athu koottaaya saamoohika parishramatthe aasrayichirikkunnu, allathe vyakthivaada sanyaasatheyalla. abodhaavasthayilullavarude veendedukkal enna ashayam voonn hartmante dhaarmmikathayude aathyanthika adithara nalkunnu. asaadhyamaaya oru santhoshathinaayi parisramikkunnathinuparam naam jeevitam thaalkkaalikamaayi sthireekarikkukayum saamoohika parinaamathinaayi svayam samarppikkukayum venam; angane cheyyumbol dhaarmikatha jeevithathe asanthushtamaakkunnuvennu naam kandethum. athmahathyayum matellaa tharatthilulla swaarthathayum angeyattam apalapaneeyamaan. kaalatthinte yaadhaarthyavum athupole lokathinte veendedukkal prakriya nilanirthaan addehathinte yaadhaarthyam addehathe prapthanaakkunnu.
voonn hartmante thathwachinthayude adisthaanathil nirmmicha dhaarmmikathayude pradhana savisheshatha ellaam onnaanu, santhosham nedaanulla ellah sramangalum midhyaadhaaranayaanenkilum, mochanam saadhyamaakunnathin munbu, ellah tharatthilulla midhyaadhaaranakalum prathyakshappedukayum paramavadhi pareekshikkukayum venam. jeevithathinte midhyaabodham ettavum nannayi thirichariyunnavanum polum midhyaykku keezhadangukayum jeevitam nallathaanennu karuthunnathupole aakaamkshayode jeevikkukayum cheythukondu ettavum uyarnna lakshyangal niravettunnu. santhosham nedaanulla nirantharamaaya shramathiloode maathrame aalukalkk shoonyathayude abhilashaneeyatha padikkaan kazhiyoo; eee arivu saarvathrikamaakumbol, allengil kuranjathu pothuvaayirikkumbol, mochanam varikayum lokam avasaanikkukayum cheyyum. manushyar santhosham kandethumennu pratheekshikkukayum angane bodhapoorvam anthima lakshyathinaayi pravartthikkaan nayikkappedukayum cheytha vividha vazhikal nalkunnathinekkaal mikacha oru thelivum prapanchatthinte yukthisahamaya swabhaavathinu aavasyamilla. ivayil aadyathethu varthamaanakaalathe nanmayude pratheekshayaan, greekkukaar anubhavichathupole eee lokathinte aanandangalilulla aathmavishwaasamaanu. ithinethudarnnu kristhyan santhoshathinte mattoru mechappetta jeevithathilekkulla kaimaattam, purogathiyilulla santhosham thedunna midhyaadhaaranayum shaasthrathinte nettangalaal moolyavathaaya bhaaviyekkurichulla swapnangalum vijayikkunnu. ellaam orupole shoonyamaaya vaagdaanangalaanu, avasana ghattathil ariyappedunnathupole, ellah manushya aagrahangalum orupole vyarthavum nirvaana samadhaanathil oreyoru nanmayumaan.
thathwachinthayum mathavum thammilulla bandham adisthaanaparamaaya aikyathe avar pothuvaayi amgeekarikkunnathilaanu, athu vyakthigatha prathibhasangal moolamulla ellah prathyaksha vyathyasangaleyum vibhajanangaleyum marikadakkunnu. nilavilulla mathangal aadhunika saahacharyangalkk anuyojyamaakunnathinu munbu avayil niravadhi mattangal sambhavikkendathundu, athinte falamaayundaakunna matham bhaaviyile oru vyakthamaaya ekathvamaayirikkum.
voonn hartmante "abodhaavasthayude thathwachintha" niravadhi vyathyastha kanakkukoottalukalude vishayamaan, pakshe charitraparamaaya moolyathekkaal aantharikamaaya moolyamillenn kanakkaakkappedunnu. mattu chinthakaril athinte swaadheenam athinte aadya roopeekaranathinu sheshamulla varshangalil prathyekichum adayaalappeduthiyirunne irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil aaa swaadheenam valare kuranju. ennirunnaalum, scopenhoverinte 'ichhaashakthi' yude thathwashaasthravum sigmund froyidinte 'abodhaavastha' yude manashaasthravum thammilulla chinthayude bandham nalkunnathaayi kanakkaakkunnathin chila adisthaanangalundu. oru ardhathil addehathinte chintha ichhaashakthiyekkurichulla (prathyekichu shopenhoverinte) cantian-kaalatthinu sheshamulla kaazhchappaadukalum soorich school oof psychology thammilulla paalam srishtikkunnu.
sweekaranam.
rodolph steynar, voonn hartmante "ateendriya yaadhaarthyathinte vimarsanaathmaka sthaapanathe" ("critische grundlegang dess traansendentalan realismus," randaam pathipp berlin, 1875) paraamarsikkunnu, thante swantham pusthakamaaya "sathyavum arivum" (1892) ennathinte aamukhathil, voonn hartmante lokaveekshanam "nammude kaalathe ettavum pradhanappetta daarshanika kruthiyaanu" ennu abhiprayappettu, ennirunnaalum steynar svayam hartman ganyamaayi thettidharikkukayum hartmante chila swamedhayaa ullavaye vimarsikkukayum cheythu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
voonn hartmante niravadhi kruthikal 12,000 pejukalilaayi vyaapichukidakkunnu. avaye thaazhepparayunna tharangalil tharamthirikkaam
janapriyamaan.
addehathinte thiranjeduttha kruthikal 10 vaalyangalayi prasidheekarichu.
baahya linkukal.
[[varggam1842 jananagal]]
[[varggam1906 maranangal]]
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[[varggam19-aamm noottaandile jarmman thathwachinthakar]]
[[vargamjarmmaniyile shavasamskaarangal]]
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[[varggampesimisathinte thathwachinthakar]]
[[vargamprashyan armi udyogasthar]]
[[vargamyooniversitti oof rostokku poorvva vidyaarthikal]]
[[vargamberlinil ninnulla ezhuthukaar]]
[[varggamvaikalyamulla ezhuthukaar]]

