
saseno yuddham

1264 august 14 nuu albaniayude theerathulla saseno dveepinu sameepam, republic oof genova oru kappal republic oof venees vyapara vaahanavyoohavum thammil, sent sabaasinte yudhathil saseno yuddham nadannu. 1256ll yuddham aarambhichathinusesham, genois veneeshyan naavikasenayumayulla nerittulla ettumuttalukalil maathrame paraajayappettulloo, athinaal veneeshyan sambadvyavasthaykku nirnayakamaaya levantilekku veneeshyan vaanijya samghangale akramikkaan shramichu. 
1264 madhyathil, genois commander simoon grillo thante veneeshyan ethiraaliyaaya andrea barosi thante uddeshyangalekkurichu kabalippikkaan kazhinju grillo leventilekku kizhakode pookaan uddeshikkunnathaayi kimvadanthikal pracharippichu, pakshe rahasyamaayi steshan etteduthu saadhaarana kadal paathakalkk thekkulla malta dveepil. barosi bettu eduthu thante valare valia kappalppadayumayi grillo pinthudaraan kizhakode neengiyappol, randaamathethu venesil ninnu levantilekku pookunna oru veneeshyan vaahanavyoohathe akramikkaan swathanthramaayirunnu. bheeshaniyonnum illennu aathmavishwaasamulla vaahanavyooha commander mishel duvarro sasenoyil ninnu genois kappalpadaye nerittappol athbhuthappettu. bheeman charakk kappal (rocafortis) ozhikeyulla vaahanavyoohathinte pathukke neengunna mikka vyapara kappalukalum kooduthal thanthrapradhaanamaaya genois gaalikal pidichedukkukayo mukkukayo cheythu. eee prakriyayil mattu kappalukal upekshichu duro thante jeevanakkaare surakshaykkaayi avide aninirathi. genois pidicheduttha vyapara charakkukal 100,000 poundu genois poundaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, rund varshathinu sesham genois kappalpadaye nasippikkaan venesinu kazhinju, 1270-ll iru raajyangalum oru vedinirthal karaaril ethi, athu yuddham avasaanippichu.
pashchaathalam.
kizhakkan medittareniyanile thuramukhangalilekkum vipanikalilekkum praveshanavum niyanthranavum sambandhichu 1256ll athiraalikalaaya itaaliyan maaridaim republicukalaaya venees, genova enniva thammilulla vishudha sabas yuddham pottipurappettu. 1258-leeii ekkar yudhathilum 1263-leeii setteposi yudhathilum vijayicha veneeshyan naavikasena athinte genois ethiraaliyekkaal shreshtatha prakadippichirunnu. thathfalamaayi, genois veneeshyan yudhakkappalumaayulla nerittulla ettumuttalukal ozhivaakkukayum veneeshyan vyapara samghangalkkethire vyapara raidle earppedukayum cheythu.
pathimoonnaam noottaandil, republic oof venis oro varshavum kizhakk vyapaaram nadatthaan rund vyapara samghangale ayachu, onnu vasanthakaalathum onnu venalkkaalathinte avasaanathilum. saadhaaranayaayi kappalukal vibhajikkapettu, oru bhagam ejiyan kadalilekkum veneshyakkaar vilikkunna kizhakkan roman allengil baisantain saamraajyathinte bhoopradeshangalilekkum karinkadalilekkum neengumbol mattonn thekkukizhakkayi alexandriayilekkum leventinte thuramukha nagarangalilekkum () sanjarichu. itaaliyan naavika charithrakaaran vivarichathupole, veneeshyan sambadvyavasthayil eee kappalukalude praadhaanyam amithamaayi parayaan kazhiyilla
1204-ll naalam kurishuyuddham konstantinoppiline pirichuvidukayum baisaantain samsthaanathinte avashishtangalil laattin saamrajyam sthaapikkukayum cheythathinushesham, veneshyakkaar karinkadalil oru prathyeka sthaanam nilanirtthi, athiloode avarude parambaraagatha athiraalikalaaya genois krishikkaarum ozhivaakkappettu. 1261ll paleologos raajavamshathin keezhil baisaantain saamrajyam punasthaapikkappettathinum venesian vyapaaram pettennu nirthalaakkappettu baisaantain chakravarthiyaaya maikkal VIII paleologosinte kaikalil ippol baisaantain saamrajyavum karinkadalil nayikkunna kadalidukkum undaayirunnu, genoisumaayulla sakhyathil avarude vaanijya athiraalikale baisaantain kaivashamulla bhoomiyil ninnu akattinirthaanum karinkadalil kadannupokunnathu thadayaanumulla badhyatha ulppedunnu. thalphalamaayi, levantilekkulla rund vaarshika kappalukal veneeshyan vyaapaarikalude pravarthanangalkkulla eaka autlettaayi avasheshichu.
thayyaareduppukal.
1264 leeii vasanthakaalath, audyogika genois annels anusarichu, "annales ianances" enna uddeshyathode, veneeshyan shathrukkale thakarkkanum lokathinte vividha bhaagangalil genois kappalyatra samrakshikkanum kshemam urappakkaanum oru puthiya kappalppada thayyarakki. irupathu gaalikalum rund valia kappalukalum 3,500 perr ulppedunna kappal aayirunnu athu. prathyekichum asaadhaaranamaaya valippamullavayayirunnu avayude nirmmaanathinu dhanasahayam nalkiyathu pothu fandukalaayirunnu, pakaram swakaarya kararukar-saadhaaranayaayi nagaram bharichirunna sambannaraaya kuleena vyapaarikal-saadhaarana reethi pole.
gibellin anukoola prabhuvaya simoon grilloyude neethrthwathilaanu kappalpadaye sthaapichathu. aduthide sthaanabhrashtanaakkappetta eaka captanaaya guglielmo bokanegrayude maathrkayil addehathe eakaadhipathiyaayi mattunna oru attimarikkaayi addeham thante puthiya sthaanam upayogichekkaamenna bhayathinu ithu kaaranamaayi. gulf prabhukkanmaar orumichu cherukayum grilloyude veedu akramikkukayum cheythu, thante command ettedukkaan anuvadicha nibandhanakal surakshithamakkaan grilloik moonnu divasathe charchakal vendivannu. genois pradeshatthinte thekke attathulla porto venerilekku marran grillo nirbandhithanaayi, kappalppada thayyarakunnathuvare avide kaathirikkuka. ogeriyo scoto, pietro dii kaamila ennivar ulppede parichayasambannaraaya naalu naavikare kaunsilarmaaraayi niyamichu.
grilloyude rashtreeya shathrukkaliloodeyo allengil genois pouranmaarude abhimaanangaliloodeyo genois thayyaareduppukalude vaarthakal taamasiyaathe venesilethi. eee reportukal genois kappalppadayude sakthiye 90 gaalikalum aarum vare athishayokthippeduthi. lombardyil koolippadayaalikale vipulamaayi niyamikkunnathinekkuri reportukalkkoppam, ashankaakularaaya veneeshyan adhikaarikal spring vaahanavyoohathinte kappalyatra vaikippikkukayum andrea barosiyude (allengil barosio) keezhil 50 oolam kappalukalulla, kooduthalum gaalikalulla, genoysine neridaan svanthamaayi oru valia kappalppada thayyarakkukayum cheythu. pravachanatheethamaaya reethiyil veneeshyan kappalpadaye purathedukkunnathinaayi" grilloyude ejantumaar manappoorvvam genois kappalppadayekkurichulla athishayokthiparamaaya reportukal chorthiyathaayi naavika charithrakaaran joonn dotson karuthunnu.
grillo barosi vanchikkunnu.
juunil grillo kappal yaatra aarambikkukayum thekkott malta dveepilekku vegathil neengukayum kurachu divasangalkku sesham avide athukayum cheythu. vazhiyil thante stoppukalil, leventile ekkarilekku nerittu kappal kayaranullah uddeshyam addeham prakhyaapichu. pakaram, addehathinte veneeshyan athiraalikal addehathe thirayendirunna akkaalathe saadhaarana vyapara paathakalekkaal valare thekk maltayil addeham thudarnnu. genois kappal kappal yaathrayude vaarthayodu prathikarichukondu barosi athine thadayaan sisiliyil athiyappol, athu purappedunnuvenna abhyoohangal maathramaan addeham kandethiyathu. chila veneeshyan vivaranagal anusarichu, grillo oru cheria kappal upekshichu, athinte jeevanakkar veneshyakkaar pidichedutthappol, naalu divasam munbu genois kappal aaa vazhi kadannupoyi levantilekku kizhakode poyathaayi avare ariyichu.
vanjikkappetta barosi, prathyakshatthil kizhakode neengunna genoysine pinthudaraan thante kappalpadaye nayichu. athesamayam, veneesil, veneeshyan-jeneeshyan naavika ettumuttalukalude munkaala charithram kanakkileduthu barosiyude aathyanthika vijayam urappaayum vyapara vaahanavyoohathinte labham nashtappedumennu apakadasaadhyathayundennum adhikrithar oduvil august 1 nuu purappedaan theerumaanichu. prashasthamaaya valia "rocafortis", oru charakk kappal, rund laitt gaalikal, oru scouting gallie ennivayulppede 13,3 ennam ithil ulppedunnu. vaahanavyoohathinte command mishel duvarro ealppichu. 
barosiyude kappalppadayude neekkangal valare vegathilum valare krithyathayodeyum ariyapettu, mikkavarum rahasyaanveshana srothassukal vazhiyaanu veneeshyan charitrakaaranaaya martino daa kanal avakaashappedunnathu grettu kaunsilinte oru trevision nottarikk genois kaikkooli nalkiyathaanennu, ennaal dotson soochippikkunnathu genois admiral sisili theerathe ejantumaarude oru shringalaye upayogichittundaakam ennaanu. barosi vazhithettippoyennu urappaayappol grillo thante kappalpadaye vadakkukizhakkottu neekki. eee ghattathil, grillo thante randum moonnum gaalikale verpeduthi tunisiayil vyapaaram nadatthaan theerumaanichu, orupakshe avarude naavikare thante bakkiyulla kappalukalilekku maattiyathin sesham. paleologosilekkulla oru dauthyathil "annales ianances" anusarichu mattoru gally kizhakode ayachu, ennaal dotson parayunnathanusarichu barosiyude kappalpadaye tirayan chumathalappeduthiyirikkaam. backie 16 gaalikalodoppam, grillo veneeshyan vyapara vaahanavyoohathinaayi kaathirikkaan otraanto kadalidukkilekku maari. 
annales ianances"-orupakshe genois adhikaarikalkk grillo nalkia swantham reportine adisthaanamaakkiyulla-leventil ninnu madangiyethiya oru messinus vyapara kappalil ninnu shekharicha rahasyaanveshanam soochippikkunnathu avideyulla sahacharyam genois thaalpparyangalkk prathikoolamaanennu avakaashappett maalttayilethiyathinu sheshamulla grilloyude chalanangale nyaayeekarikkunnu, angane labhakaramaaya onnum nedaan kazhiyilla. ithu aadhunika charitrakaaranmaare grilloyude yadhaartha utharavukal levantilekku kappal kayaruka ennathaayirunnu ennu soochippikkaan prerippichu. ennirunnaalum, veneeshyan vaahanavyoohathe akramikkaan lakshyamitulla oru badal padhathiyil addeham ithinakam prathijnjaabadhanaannum messinus kappalinte katha addeham pinthudarumennu prathinjja cheytha utharavukalil ninnu vyathichalikkunnathinulla nyaayeekaranamaayi kandupidichirikkaamennum athuvareyulla addehathinte pravartthanangal kaanikkunnu. genois vanjanayum chaarapravarthanavum sambandhicha veneeshyan avakaashavaadangaleppole, sathyam nirnnayikkunnath asaadhyamaanennu dotson abhipraayappedunnu, prathyekichum uravidangal "krithyamaaya samayathekkurichum sambhavangalude kramathekkurichum polum vyakthamallathathinaal, samayam valare pradhanamaayirunnu".
yuddham.
thante kappalukalkk bheeshaniyillennu aathmavishwaasathode veneeshyan vaahanavyoohathinte commander duvarro mandagathiyilulla purogathi kaivarichathaayi thonnunnu. august 14 nuu, saseno dveepil (innathe sassan dweep, albania), otraanto kadalidukkinte ettavum idungiya bhaagath, grillo veneeshyan vaahanavyoohathe nerittu. veneshyakkaar oru dushkaramaaya saahacharyathilaayirunnu charakkukal niranjathum paramavadhi 40 sayudha sainikarullathumaaya valuthum sankeernavumaaya sainikar 150 oolam purushanmaarulla (rovermaarum 50 sainikarum) vegathayeriyathum chadulavumaaya genois gaalikalkk thulyaraayirunnilla. 
duvarro samghavum thudakkathil genoysine thallikkalanjirunnuvennu madhyakala srothassukal report cheiyunnu veneshyakkaar kozhikale genois paathrangalkk munnil eriyukayum "avarumaayi yuddham cheyyuka!" ennu nilavilikkukayum cheythu.". vaikunneram aarambhicha poraattam ardharaathriyode avasaanichu. oru kotta pole mattu kappalukalkk mukalilaayi "rocafortis" enna kappalin chuttum veneeshyan kappalukal koottatthode sanjarichu. cheria veneeshyan kappalukalkk nere genois akramanam nadathiyappol, oduvil avare upekshichu "rockfortisil" othukoodaan duvarro avarude jeevanakkarodu utharavittu, avarkk kondupokaan kazhiyunna vilayeriya saadhanangal konduvannu. purappedunna jeevanakkar avaril palareyum mukki, athesamayam oru keniyil ninnu jaagrathayode aduthethiya genois baakkiyullavare pidikoodiyathaayi veneeshyan vrithangal avakaashappedunnu. maruvashathu "annales ianances" report cheiyunnathu mungukayum theepidutthatthil nashtappedukayum cheytha eiii ozhikeyulla ellah bharam kuranja kappalukalum pidichedukkappettu ennaanu. 
bakkiyulla vaahanavyooham niranjappol, "rockfortis" urachuninnu. keezhadangiyaal thangalude jeevanakkaarude jeevan samrakshikkumennu genois vaagdaanam cheythenkilum kappalil swarnam nirachathaayi avakaashappett duvarro nirasikkukayum genoysine vannu athu edukkaan shanikkukayum cheythu. genois athinu nere oru theekkappal vikshepichuvenkilum veneeshyakkaarkk athu oodikkaan kazhinju. oduvil, anukoolamaaya kaatt "rocafortisine" pinthudarunnathil ninnu rakshappedaanum thekkan adriatic thuramukhamaaya ragusayil abhayam thedaanum anuvadichu.
swaadheenam.
eee yuddham genoysine sambandhichidatholam oru valia vijayamayirunnu. varshathile backie samayathe vyapara thadassathinu mukalilaayi veneeshyakkaarkk 100,000 poundiladhikam nashtam sambhavichu; kollayadikkunnathiloode genois treasuric 30,000 poundu labhichu. eee kaalayalavile ithu oru valia thukayaayirunnu thaarathamyappeduthumbol, 1250-kalil, eiii 190 genois poundinum 280 muthal 350 poundinum idayil oru gallic 420 muthal 800 poundinum vittathayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. veneeshyan anthassin manoveeryamkkum orupole pradhaanamaaya praharamaayirunnu athu, athinaayi duvarro bheeruthwa aropanangal nerittu. manfroney choondikkaanikkunnathu, addehathinte poraattam angeyattam asamathvamullathaayirunnu; aathyanthikamayi duvarro thante kappalppadayude jeevanukal rakshikkaan munganana nalki-"rockfortis" vahichathum vilamathikkaanaavaathathumaaya nidhikal-avasaanam vare oru vinashakaramaaya poraattatthinu. dogg reniero senoyude kopam kuranju, ozhippikkal samayat oru veneeshyakkaareyum thadavilaakkiyittillenum duvarro addehathinte subalton officermaar nannayi sahayichittillennum addeham manassilakki. dotson ezhuthunnathu pole, "eee ooppareshan [...] pathimoonnaam noottaandinte madhyathil yudhathinulla genois, veneeshyan sheshiyude shakthiyum balaheenatayum prathifalippikkunnu. oru prachaaranatthil rahasyaanveshana shekharanam, kimvadanti, thettaaya vivarangal enniva vahikkunna pankum ithu vyakthamaakkunnu."
anantharafalangal.
athinidayil, barosi kizhakode sammarddam cheluthukayum grilloyude kappalukalkkayi veruthe tirayukayum cheythu. septambar 2 nuu thuramukha nagaramaya tyrelethia addeham thuramukhathu 11,000 besant moolyamulla pattumayi "oliva" enna oru genois vyaapaariye kandumutty. genois kappalppada evideyum kaanaathathinaal, genois sakhyakakshiyaya montfortile philipp, avar angane cheythaal veneeshyan swathukkalile eratti thuka kandukettumennu munnariyipp nalkiyittum, kappal pidichedukkaan barosi theerumaanichu. barosi adhikam madichuninnilla addeham "oliva" pidichedukkuka mathramalla, nagaratthilekkulla praveshanam genovic nashtappedumenna pratheekshayil tayar thanne uparodhikkukayum cheythu, akkaalat leventinte randaamathe pradhana vaanijya samrambhamaayirunnu ithu. sasenoyile sambhavangalude vaartha avare thediyethiyappol kurachu divasangalkku sesham veneeshyakkaarkk uparodham thadassappeduthendivanu. pakaram, kazhinja varsham madangiyethiya vaahanavyoohathe venesilekku thirike kondupokaan barosiyude ekkar thidukkam.
athu pradhaanamaayirunnathinaal, sasenoyile genois vijayam shanikamaanennu thelinju 1266-ll, veneshyakkaar trapany yudhathil muzhuvan genois yudhakkappalukalum pidichedutthu. athesamayam, maikkal VIII paleologos veneeshyakkarkethiraaya mosham genois prakadanatthil kooduthal asamthripthanum avarude vishwasthathayil avishwaasiyum valarnnu. 1264-ll addeham genoysine konstantinoppilil ninnu puratthaakkukayum venisumaayi oru bandham thedukayum athu 1265-ll oru thaalkkaalika noonn-aggression udambadiyil kalashikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum moonnu varshathinu sesham athu amgeekarikkappettilla. 1269ll fraansile luis onpathaam rajaavu thante aasootritha ettaam kurishuyudhathil veneeshyan, genois kappalukale upayogikkaan thaalpparyappedunnathuvar venees genova thammilulla samgharsham thudarnnu, crimona udambadiyil samadhaanam avasaanippikkaan iruvareyum nirbandhichu.

