
philippic

bii. sii. 44,43 kaalaghattangalil maarkk antaniye apalapikkunna sisaro rachicha 14 prasamgangalude oru parambarayaanu philippics (). sisaro eee prasamgangale maasidonile philipp randaamanethire demosthenes nadatthiya prasamgangalumaayi upamichu; demosthenes, sisaro ennivarude prasamgangal philippics ennariyappettu. sisaroyude randaamathe philippic demosthenes 'dii corona' ('oonn dhaa kraun') sailiyilaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu.
juuliyas seaserinte kolapaathakathetthudarnnu seaserinte anuyaayikalum kolayaalikalum thammilulla adhikara poraattatthinidayilaanu prasamgangal nadathiyathu. kolapaathakatthil syseroic pankillengilum addeham athinodu yojikkukayum antoniyum illaathaakkendathaayirunnu karuthukayum cheythu. philippixil", roman republicinu bheeshaniyaayi addeham apalapicha aantanikkethire senattine aninirathaan sisaro shramichu.
philippics" antoniye samsthaanathinte shathruvaayi prakhyapikkaanum addehathinethire oru sainyathe ayaykkaanum senattine bodhyappedutthi. ennirunnaalum, commandermar yudhathil kollappettu, athinaal senattinte sainyam okdaaviyante niyanthranatthilaayi. okdaaviyan, aantoni, marcus lepidus ennivar randaamathe triumvirate roopeekarichappol, philippixinodulla prathikaaramaayi sisaro nirodhikkanamenn aantoni nirbandhichu. taamasiyaathe sisaro vettayaadukayum kollukayum cheythu.
rashtreeya kaalavastha.
bii. sii. 44 march pathinanjaam theeyathi (maarchinte ides ennariyappedunna) svayam liberattorukal ennu vilikkunna oru koottam roman senattarmaar roman republicinte eakaadhipathiyaaya gayus juuliyas seesarine vadhichappol sisaro athbhuthappettu. goodaalochanakkaarkku addehathinte sahathaapathekkurich urappaanengilum sisaro goodaalochanayil ulppeduthiyitla. kolayaalikalil oralaaya marcus juuniyas brutus kolapaathakathinu sesham thante rakthakarayulla kataara uyarthiyappol, addeham sisaroyude peru vilichu "republic punasthaapikkaan" abhyarthichu.". bisi 43 februvariyil goodaalochanakkaaril oralaaya treboniusinu sisaro ezhuthiya oru kathu thudangi, "maarchinte eedh dinathile ettavum mahathaaya virunnin ningal enne kshanichirunnenkil ennu njaan athramaathram aagrahikkunnu!"
magistrasikal (saadhaaranayaayi thiranjedukkappetta sthaanangal), promaajistrasikal (saadhaaranayaayi senatt niyogichava) ennivayilekku thante anuyaayikale niyamikkaan seaser thante aadhipathya sthaanam upayogichirunnu. ithu roman bharanaghadanayude vyakthamaaya lamghanamaayirunnu, koodaathe seeseriyan vibhaagam ennariyappedunna seaserinte anuyaayikal avarude niyamanangal senatt niyamavirudhamaayi prakhyaapikkunnathinu durbalaraayi. kolapaathakathetthudarnnu, seasonionmaar avarude sthaanangal niyamavidheyamaakkaanum kolayaalikalodu prathikaram cheyyaanum shramichu.
senattil seasurykalum kolayaalikalude anuyaayikalum stambhanam srishtichathode sisaro oru vittuveezhcha nadatthi. seaser niyamikkunnavare avarude thasthikakalil sthireekarikkaanum pakaram kolayaalikalkk pothumaapp nalkaanum addeham senattine earppeduthi. ithu oru varshathil thaazhe maathrame nilanilkkoovenkilum vibhaagangalkkidayil aswasthamaaya samadhaanam konduvannu.
thudarnnulla asthirathayude maasangalil sisaro oru janapriya nethaavaayi maari. bii. sii. 44leeii konsalmaaril oralum siseriyan vibhaagathinte nethaavumaaya maarkk aantoni addehathe ethirthu. kolapathakikal antoniyum seaser illaathaakkiyittillenna sisaro svakaaryamaayi khedam prakadippichu. iruvarum orikkalum souhrudabandhathilaayirunnilla, seaserinte ishtathinte anaudyogika executoraayi aantani pravartthikkaan thudangiyappol avarude bandham vashalayi. seaserinte aagrahangalum swantham nettathinaayulla uddeshyangalum aantoni thettayi chithreekarikkunnuvennu thanikk thonnunnuvennu sisaro vyakthamakki.
seaserinte datheduttha makan anantharaavakaashiyumaaya okdaaviyan eprilil italiyilethukayum romilek pookunnathinumumbu sisaroyude villa sandarshikkukayum cheythu. oru avasaram manassilakkiya sisaro, ethirppine ethirkkaan okdeviyane prothsaahippichu. septambaril, sisaro thante prachodanatthe bahumaanichukondu, maasidonile philipp randaamane apalapicha demosthenes prasamgangalkk adaranjali arppichu philippics ennu vilicha prasamgangalude oru parambarayil antaniye akramikkaan thudangi. okdeviyane prashamsicha sisaro, "daivathinte ayacha kutty" ennu visheshippikkukayum, aaa cheruppakkaaran bahumanam maathram aagrahikkunnuvennum seaserinu sambhavicha athe thettukal cheyyillennum avakaashappedukayum cheythu.
philippixinte kaalaghattatthil, oru pothu vyakthithvamenna nilayil sisaroyude janapreeti samaanathakallillaathathaayirunnu. bii. sii. 43ll prinsps senattaayi ('senattile aadya manushyan') niyamithanaaya addeham eee sthaanam vahikkunna aadya plebiyanaayi. sisaroyude akramanangal senattine addeham "aadukal" ennu vilicha antaniye shakthamayi ethirkkaan aninirathi. charitrakaaranaaya appiyan parayunnathanusarichu, eathaanum maasangal syseroic "eathoru janapriya nethaavinum undayirikkaavunna ettavum kooduthal adikaaram undaayirunnu".
prasamgangal.
pathinaalu prasamgangal ivayaayirunnu
vishakalanam.
aadyathe rund prasamgangal maarkk aantaniyum sisaro thammilulla sathrutha pottippurappettathayi adayaalappeduthunnu. kattilin goodaalochanaye vijayakaramaayi apalapichathinte oormmaye kshanichuvaruthaan sisaro aagrahichirikkam; enthaayaalum, addeham maarkk antaniye swantham ettavum mosham rashtreeya athiraalikalaaya kattilin, claudius ennivarumaayi samarthamaaya vaachaadopa reethiyil thaarathamyam cheiyunnu.
44 desember 20-leeii moonnaamatheyum naalaamatheyum prasamgangalil addeham okdaaviyanumaayi oru sainika sakhyam sthaapikkaan shramichu; praadhamika lakshyam maarkk antaniye unmoolanam cheyyukayum "rez pablika libara"-swatantra republicinte punasthaapanam nadathukayum cheythu; eee lakshyathilethaan addeham sainika maargangale nissamshayamaayi anukoolichu.
senatt oru samadhana prathinidhi samghathe ayaykkaan theerumaanichappol, 5,6,7,8,9 prasamgangalil addeham oru embassy enna aashayathinethire vaadikkukayum senattineyum roman janathayeyum yudhathilekku aninirathaan sramikkukayum cheythu.
patthaam noottaandilum pathinonnam noottaandilum addeham republicans brutasineyum cassiusineyum sainikamaayi shakthippeduthunnathine pinthunaykkunnundena aadyathethil maathramaan addeham vijayichathu.
12, 13, 14 theeyathikalil swantham yudhanayathinethiraaya ellah samshayangalum illaathaakkaan addeham aagrahichu. maarkk aantaniyethiraaya vijayathin sheshavum avasana prasamgatthil samaadhaanathinaayulla amithamaya aakaamkshaykkethire addeham ippozhum munnariyipp nalkunnu.
anantharafalam.
antonic nereyulla sisaroyude akramanangal bhaagikamaayi maathrame vijayikkoo, yudhakkalathile sambhavangal avaye marikadannu. ethirpakshathe samsthaanathinte shathruvaayi prakhyaapikkunnath ulppede sisaroyude mikka nirddeshangalum (ennaal ellaam allah) senatt amgeekarichu. bisi 43-ll rund konsalmaraya aulas hyrtius, guius vibius pansa ennivare aantonikkethire senattinte sainyathe (okdaaviyan commanded cheytha oru sakhyasenayumayi) nayikkaan sisaro bodhyappedutthi. ennirunnaalum, phooram gallerum yudhathil pansaykk maarakamaayi parikkettu, kurachu divasangalkku sesham hyrtius kalapa yudhathil marichu. rund yudhangalum senatt sainyathinte vijayangalaayirunnuvenkum athinte kamaandarmaarude maranam senaye neethrthwamillaathavaraakki. senatt kamandaayi niyamikkaan shramicha desimus brutus (sisalpain gaulinte proprettar) sambhavasthalathe muthirnna majistrettaayirunnu, ennaal juuliyas seaserinte kolayaalikalil oralaayathinaal okdaaviyan addehathodoppam pravartthikkaan visammathichu. mikka sainikarum thangalude vishwasthatha okdaaviyanilekku maatti. sisaro senattum addehathe marikadakkaan shramichappol ippol oru valia sainyathinte neethrthwathil okdaaviyan aantaniyumaayi anurajanam nadatthaan theerumaanichu. antoniyum okdaaviyanum parasparam sakhyamundaakki, marcus emilius lepidus chernnu seaserinte kolayalikalkkethire randaamathe thrayamvairett roopeekarichu. mikkavarum ellah sainika senakaleyum triumvirate niyanthrichathinaal sisaro senattum prathirodhamillathe avasheshichu.
thangalude sakhyam audyogika asthithvathilekku (consular "imperium" upayogichu anchu varshathe kaalaavadhikkaayi) niyamanirmmichathinu thottupinnaale, thrayamvairett avarude sathrukkaleyum athiraalikaleyum nirodhikkan thudangi. sisaro addehathinte ilaya sahodaran kvintas tulius sisero (munbu seaserinte legaattikalil oraalaayirunnu) avarude ellah anuyaayikalum nirodhichu. sisaroyilekku thante pinthuna maattunnathin munbu aantaniyude paksham pidicha salvius enna oru tribune avayil ulppettirunnu. sisaro nirodhana pattikayil ulppeduthunnathinere okdaaviyan rund divasam vaadichathaayi reportund, ennaal trayamveerukal oduvil oro thyaagathinum oru adutha koottaali (sisaro okdaaviyantethaanu) sammathichu.
nirodhitha senattarmaaril bhooribhaagavum kizhakode palayanam cheyyaan shramichu, prathyekichu seaserinte rund kolayalikalaaya marcus brutus guius cassius longinus puthiya sainyathe niyamikkaan sramikkunna macedoniayilekku. nirodhikkappettavaril ettavum kadinamaayi vettayaadappetta oraalaayirunnu sisaro, pakshe pothujanangalil valiyoru vibhaagam addehathe anukambayode veekshichathinaal palarum addehathe kandathayi report cheyyaan visammathichu. oduvil thante villayil ninnu kadalorathekku pookunna oru maalinyam valicheriyunnathinidayil addeham pidikkapettu, avide ninnu macedoniayilekku oru kappalil kayaran addeham aagrahichu. addeham oru sainikan keezhadangi, kazhuthu thaangi, maranavum shirachhedanavum anubhavichu. philippics ezhuthiya kaikalum neekkam cheyyanamennu aantoni abhyarthichu. okdaaviyan, maarkk aantani, lepidus ennee puthiya thrayamvaitattine ethirkkunna aareyum niruthsaahappeduthunnathi addehathinte thalayum kaikalum roman foratthil parasyamaayi pradharshippichirunnu.

