
sogdian nagara-samsthaanangal

puraathanakaalatthinte avasaanathilum madhyakaalakhattathilum iranian pradeshamaaya sogdiyayile niravadhi swathanthramo svayambharanamo aaya nagara-samsthaanangale sogdian nagara-samsthaanangal soochippikkunnu. nagara-samsthaanangalil bhooribhaagavum bharichirunnathu oru rajaavo rajnjiyo aayirunnu, avar "thulyaril aadyatheyaalaayi" vilikkapettu. ennirunnaalum, bharanathinte thudarcha sthirathayullathaayirunnilla, puthiya bharanaadhikaariyaakunnavare janangalkk swaadheenikkaan kazhiyum. ezhaam noottaandil athinte kodumudiyiloode kadannupoya eee kaalaghattam islaamika khilaafat transoxiana keezhadakkiyathodeyaanu avasaanichathu.
pershyan saahithyathile prashastha nagarangalaya bukharayum samarkand ettavum valuthum sambannavumaaya sogdian samsthaanangalaayirunnu.

