
federalist nambar. 10

federalist nambar. american aikyanaadukalude bharanaghadanayude amgeekaarathinaayi vaadikkunna alexander haamilttan aarambhicha lekhanangalude oru parambarayaaya "federalist pepparukalude" pathaamatthe bhaagamaayi jaims maadisan ezhuthiya oru lekhanamaanu 10. 1787 november 22nuu 'dhii daili advertiser' (newyork) enna pathratthilaanu ithu aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu. "federalist nambar. ellah american rashtreeya rachanakalilum ettavum bahumaanikkappedunna onnaanu 10 ".
illa. mattullavarude avakaashangalkk virudhamo mothatthil samoohathinte thaalpparyangalkk virudhamo aaya thaalpparyangalumaayi pouranmaare engane samanvayippikkaam enna chodyathe 10 abhisambodhana cheiyunnu. manushyante swabhaavam kaaranam vibhagangal anivaaryamaanennu maadisan kandu-athaayath, aalukalkk vyathyastha abhipraayangal ullidatholam kaalam, vyathyastha alavilulla sambathum vyathyastha alavilulla swathum ullidatholam kaalam, avar avarumaayi ettavum saamyamulla aalukalumayi sakhyam roopeekarikkunnathu thudarum, avar chilappol pothuthaalpparyathinu ethire pravartthikkukayum mattullavarude avakashangal lamghikkukayum cheyyum. athinaal aaa apakadangalil ninnu engane samrakshikkaamenn addeham chodikkunnu.
federalist nambar. 10 federalist nambaril aarambhicha oru vishayam thudarunnu. 9. "aabhyanthara vibhaagathinum kalaapathinum ethiraaya samrakshanamaayi yooniyante prayojanam" ennu perittirikkunnu. muzhuvan parambarayum pandithanmaarum niyamanjarum bharanaghadanayude ardhathinte aadhikaarika vyaakhyaanamaayum vishadeekaranamaayum udharikkunnu. chaals eiii. yeppolulla charitrakaaranmaar. illa ennu thaadi vaadikkunnu. 10, nerittulla janaadhipathyathinteyum vibhaageeyathayudeyum thathwangale sthaapaka pithakkanmaar vyakthamaayi nirasichathaayi kaanikkunnu, koodaathe pakshapaathatthinum vibhaageeyathaykkum ethire oru prathinidhi republic kooduthal phalapradamaanennu maadisan nirddeshikkunnuvennu vaadikkunnu.
federal bharanaghadana oru "santhoshakaramaaya samyojanam" nalkunna oru republic shudhamaaya janadhipathyavum nalkunnuvennu maadisan kandu, "deseeya, praadeshika, prathyeka samsthaana niyamanirmmaana sabhakalilekku paraamarshikkappedunna mahathaayathum samagravumaaya thalpparyangal" oru vikendreekritha sarkkar gadanaykku kaaranamaakunnu. addehathinte kazhchappadil, ithu "ayogyaraaya sthaanaarthikalkku thiranjeduppu palappozhum nadathunna dushtakrithikal parisheelikkunnath kooduthal budhimuttaakkum."
pashchaathalam.
bharanaghadanaykku munbu, pathimoonnu samsthaanangal konfedareshan aarttikkilukalal bandhippikkappettirunnu. iva, saaraamshathil, viplava yudhathe mikacha reethiyil neridaan sweekaricha paramadhikaara rajyangal thammilulla oru sainika sakhyamaayirunnu. kongrasinu nikuthi chumathaan adikaaramundaayirunnilla, athinte falamaayi viplavathinte falamaayundaaya kadangal adaykkaan kazhinjilla. maadisan, jorjju washington, benchamin franklin, mattullavar ennivar union thakarumennum deseeya paapparathamaakumennum bhayapettu. washingtonineppole, viplavam athinu kaaranamaaya saamoohika prasnangal pariharichillennu maadisan karuthi, rajavinodu aaropikkapetta athikramangal ippol samsthaana niyamasabhakal aavarthikkunnu. eee kazhchappadil, 1786-ll masaachyusetsil nadanna sayudha kalapamaaya shesinte kalapam, yudhathinu sheshamulla "janadhipathyaparamaaya amitata" yude angeyattatthe udaaharanamaanengilum, athilonnaanu.
articles oof konfedareshan parishkarikkunnathinayi 1787 meyy maasathil oru deseeya kanvenshan vilichirunnu. prashnam aarttikkilukalilalla, marichu samsthaana niyamasabhakalilaanennu maadisan vishwasichu, athinaal pariharam artikkilukal pariharikkukayalla, marichu samsthaanangalude amithamaya niyanthranangal niyanthrikkuka ennathaayirunnu. rajyangal paramaadhikaaratthode thudaranamo, paramadhikaaram deseeya gavanmentinu kaimaaranamo, atho athinidayil evideyengilum oru othutheerppu nilanilkkanamo ennathaayirunnu kanvenshanu munbulla pradhana chodyangal. juun pakuthiyode, eee vishayangale chuttipattiyulla oru puthiya gavanment padhathi-oru bharanaghadana-kanvenshan thayyaaraakkukayaanenn vyakthamaayi. maadisante deseeyavaada nilapad charchaye shudhamaaya rashtra paramaadhikaaratthinte sthaanathu ninnu vittuveezhchayilekkum maatti. juun 26 nuu nadanna oru charchayil, sarkkar "sambannaraaya nyoonapakshangale bhooripakshathil ninnu samrakshikkanam" ennum aniyanthrithamaaya janaadhipathya samoohangal "aniyanthrithamaaya vikaarangalude prakshubdhathaykkum balaheenathaykkum" vidheyamaanennum addeham paranju.
prasidheekaranam.
1787 septambar 17-nuu anthima rekhayil oppuvachu. swantham article ezhanusarichu, kanvenshan thayyarakkiya bharanaghadanaykku oro samsthaanathum nadakkunna prathyeka kanvenshanukaliloode pathimoonnu samsthaanangalil onpathenkilum amgeekaaram nalkendathundu. federalist virudha ezhuthukaar amgeekaarathinethire vaadikkunna lekhanangalum kathukalum prasidheekarikkaan thudangi, alexander haamilttan jaims madisonineyum joonn jeyeyum niyamanamcheythu amgeekaara anukoola kathukalude oru parambara ezhuthi.
mikka federalist lekhanangalum bhooribhaagam "federalist pepparukalum" pole, illa. 10 aadyamaayi prasidheekarikkappettathu janapriya pathrangalilaan. federalist ezhuthukaar sweekaricha "publius" enna peril "dainamdina parasyadaathaavil" ithu aadyamaayi achadichu; ithil ithu pabliyasinte lekhanangalil shradheyamaayirunnu, kaaranam avayellaam "indipendant jenal", "nyoo york paakkat" ennee mattu rund prabandhangalil onnil aadyamaayi prathyakshappettu. "federalist nambar. maadisan ezhuthiya 37 "enna lekhanamaanu parasyadaathaavil aadyam prathyakshappetta eaka lekhanam.
pinneedu lekhanathinu nalkia praadhaanyam kanakkileduthu, athu parimithamaaya thothil punarprasidheekarichu. november 23nuu ithu "paakkattil" prasidheekarikkukayum pittennu "indipendant jenalil" prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. 1788-nte thudakkathil newyork nagarathinu purathu, ithu naalu thavana prathyakshappettu januvari 2 "pensylvania gasattil", januvari 10 "hudson vaali vaarikayil", januvari 15 lansingbergil "northen centinalil", januvari 17 "albani gasattil". eee ennam reprintingukal "federalist" lekhanangalkku saadhaaranamaayirunnuvenkilum, federalist, virudha federalist ennee mattu niravadhi lekhanangal valare vishalamaaya vitharanam kandu.
1788 januvari 1 nuu prasidheekarana kambaniyaaya jeey. & eiii. aadyathe 36 lekhanangal orotta vaalyathil prasidheekarikkumennu mcclean prakhyaapichu. federalist" enna thalakkettil 1788 march 2nuu puratthirakkiya eee vaalyam. maadisan, haamilttan, jayy ennivaraanu eee parambarayude rachayithakkal ennu jorjju hopkinsinte 1802 pathipp velippeduthi, pinneedulla rund printingukal rachayithavinaal srishtikkappettu. 1818-ll jaims gideon american aikyanaadukalude president enna nilayil rund thavana kaalavadhi poortthiyaakkiya maadisan thiruthalukal ulkkollunna moonnaamathe pathipp prasidheekarichu.
henry bii. 1863leeii daasante pathipp yadhaartha pathra lekhanangal shekharikkaan shramichu. addehathinte aamukham illaathe thanne athu valareyadhikam punarprasidheekarikkuppedu. pooll leasester fordinte 1898-leeii pathippil lekhanangal samgrahikkunna ulladakka pattika ulppeduthiyittundu, athil athath lekhanangalude aamukham veendum sangrahikkaan upayogikkunnu. oro lekhanathinum prasidheekaranatthinte aadya theeyathiyum pathratthinte perum rekhappeduthiyittundu. aadhunika pathippukal, jacob iii. kukkinte 1961-leeii pathipp aadhikaarikamaayi kaanapedunnu, innu ithu ettavum kooduthal upayogikkunnu.
vibhaagathinte chodyam.
federalist nambar. 10 haamilttante federalist nambaril paranjirikkunna chodyathekkurichulla charcha thudarunnu. 9. republicine thakarkkunnathil oru vibhaagathinte vinashakaramaaya pankinekkurichu haamilttan avide abhisambodhana cheythu. appol maadisan utharam nalkunna chodyam, vibhaagathinte prathikoola phalangal engane illaathaakkaam ennathaanu. maadisan oru vibhaagathe nirvachikkunnath "nyoonapakshamo bhooripakshamo aaya niravadhi pouranmaar, avar aikyappedukayum mattu pouranmaarude avakashangalkko samoohathinte sthiravum samagravumaaya thaalpparyangalkko prathikoolamaaya chila pothu abhinivesham allengil thaalpparyathaal prachodippikkappedukayum cheiyunnu."eathu bharanakoodatthino mathathino munganana nalkanam thudangiya adisthaana vishayangalil tharkkatthilekku nayikkunna rashtreeya jeevithathile abhipraaya vaividyamaanu vibhaagathinte ettavum gurutharamaaya uravidamennu addeham thirichariyunnu.
vibhaagangalude ettavum saadhaaranavum susthiravumaaya uravidam swathinte vaividyamaarnnathum asamavumaaya vitharanamaanu" ennu maadisan vaadikkunnu."addeham parayunnu," kaivasham vachirikkunnavarum swathillaathavarum samoohathil orikkalum vyathyastha thalpparyangal roopappeduthiyittundu."vyathyastha thaalpparyangalude chila udaaharanagal nalkikkond, maadisan oru bhoo thalpparyam, oru ulppaadana thalpparyam, oru vaanijya palisha, panamulla palisha," "kurravulla niravadhi thalpparyangal" "enniva thiricharinju". avarellam vyathyastha vikaarangalum kaazhchappaadukalum prachodippicha "vyathyastha vibhagangalil" pettavaraanennu maadisan vaadikkunnu."athinaal, eee vyathyastha vibhagangal pothu nanmaykkalla, swantham thaalpparyathinuvendiyaanu theerumaanangal edukkaan saadhyathayullathenn maadisan vaadikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, swakaarya kadangalekkurichulla oru niyamam "kadam kodukkunnavar oru vashath kakshikalum maruvashathu kadakkaar kakshikalumaya oru chodyamaayirikkum."eee chodyathinum athupolulla mattullavarkkum, maadisan abhipraayappedunnathu," "neethi avarkkidayil santhulithaavastha nilanirtthanam", "thaalpparyamulla kakshikal vyathyastha nigamanagalil ethum, neethiyeyum pothu nanmaye maathram pariganikkathe"."
addehathe ethirtha federalistukaleppole, madison montescuve eee lekhanathil abhisambodhana cheytha chodyathil viyojichuvenkilum montescuvinte pravarthanangalaal madison ganyamaayi swaadheenikkappettu. scotish prabudhathayude thathwachinthakareyum addeham valareyadhikam aashrayichu, prathyekichu david hyoominte swaadheenam maadisante vibhaagangalude tharangalekkurichulla charchayilum vipuleekritha republicinaayulla vaadathilum ettavum vyakthamaan.
maadisante vaadangal.
vibhaagam moolamundaakunna naashanashtangal parimithappedutthaan rund vazhikalundennu maadisan aadyam sidhaantham cheiyunnu onnukil vibhaagathinte kaaranagal neekkam cheyyuka allengil athinte phalangal niyanthrikkuka. vibhaagathinte kaaranagal neekkam cheiyunnathinulla rund reethikale addeham vivarikkunnu onnamathaayi, swaathanthryam nasippikkuka, athu pravartthikkum, kaaranam "swaathanthryam ennathu vaayu vedivaykkunnathu enthaanennu vibhajikkuka ennathaanu", ennaal athu nadappilaakkunnathu asaadyamaanu, kaaranam swaathanthryam rashtreeya jeevithathinu athyaavasyamaanu, vaayu mrugajeevithathinu athyaavasyamaanu."ellaathinumupari, american viplavakaalath amerikkakkar athinaayi poraadi. 
abhipraayangalilum thaalpparyangalilum ekathaanamaaya oru samooham srishtikkuka ennathaanu randaamathe oopshan. janangalude kazhivinte vaividyamaanu avare erekkure vijayikkaan prerippikkunnath, swathinte asamathvam sarkkar samrakshikkenda oru avakaashamaan. saambathika sthareekaranam ellaavareyum ore abhiprayam pankidunnathil ninnu thadayunnuvennu maadisan prathyekichum oonnipparayunnu. vibhaagam moolamundaakunna naashanashtangal athinte prathyaaghaathangal niyanthrikkunnathiloode maathrame parimithappedutthaan kazhiyoo ennu maadisan nigamanam cheiyunnu.
janakeeya paramaadhikaaratthinte thathwam nyoonapaksha vibhaagangale adikaaram nedunnathil ninnu thadayumennathinaal eaka prashnam bhooripaksha vibhagangalil ninnaanennu addeham vaadikkunnu. bhooripaksha vibhaagangale parisodhikkaan maadisan rund vazhikal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu "ore samayam bhooripakshathil ore abhiniveshamo thaalpparyamo nilanilkkunnath thadayuka" allengil bhooripaksha vibhaagathe pravartthikkaan kazhiyaathathaakkuka. oru cheria janaadhipathyathin bhooripaksha vibhaagathinte apakadangal ozhivakkaan kazhiyillennu maadisan nigamanam cheiyunnu, kaaranam cheria valippam ardhamaakkunnathu abhikaamyamallaatha abhiniveshangal bahubhooripaksham janangalilekkum valare eluppathil vyapikkum, athinusesham janaadhipathya sarkkaariloode budhimuttillaathe athinte ishtam nadappilakkaan kazhiyum.
maadisan prasthaavikkunnu, "vibhaagathinte olinjirikkunna kaaranagal manushyante swabhaavathilaanu vithaykkunnathu", athinaal avayude phalangal niyanthrikkuka ennathaanu prathividhi. shudhamaaya oru janaadhipathyathil ithu engane saadyamallennum ennaal oru republicil ithu engane saadhyamaanennum addeham vaadikkunnu. shudhamaaya janaadhipathyathil, oro pouranum niyamangalkk (nerittulla janadhipathyam) nerittu vottu cheiyunna oru samvidaanamaanu addeham ardhamaakkunnathu, koodaathe republicinoppam, pouranmaar niyamathinu (praathinidhya janadhipathyam) vottu cheiyunna oru cheria prathinidhikale thiranjedukkunna oru samoohamaanu addeham uddeshikkunnathu. oru prathinidhi samgham ucharikkunna janangalude shabdam samoohathinte thaalpparyathinu anusrithamaanennu addeham soochippikkunnu, kaaranam, veendum, saadhaaranakkaarude theerumaanangale avarude swaartha thaalpparyamaanu baadhikkunnath.
pothujanangalude shabdathe prathinidheekarikkunnathin "anuyojyamaaya kathaapaathrangal" thiranjedukkunnathinaayi oru cheria republicinethire oru valia republicine anukoolichu addeham oru vaadam unnayikkunnu. vottarmaarudeyum sthaanaarthikaludeyum ennam kooduthalulla oru valia republicil, yogyathayulla prathinidhikale thiranjedukkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. watermark vishalamaaya oru oopshan undu. oru cheria republicil, sthaanaarthikalkku vottarmaare kabalippikkunnathum eluppamaayirikkum, ennaal valia republicil kooduthal budhimuttaayirikkum. 
oru valia republicine anukoolichu maadisan avasaanamaayi vaadikkunnathu oru cheria republicil, kuranja vaividyamulla thaalpparyangalum paarttikalum undakumennathinaal, bhooripaksham kooduthal thavana kaanapedum ennathaanu. aaa bhooripakshathil pankedukkunnavarude ennam kuravaayirikkum, avar kooduthal parimithamaaya pradeshathaanu thaamasikkunnathinal, avarude aashayangalude poorttheekaranatthinaayi yojikkukayum orumichu pravartthikkukayum cheiyunnathu avarkk eluppamaayirikkum. oru valia republicil bhooripaksham kandethunnathu budhimuttaakkunna vidhathil vaividhyamaarnna thalpparyangal kooduthalaayirikkum. bhooripakshamundenkilum, valia ennam aalukalum avar vishalamaaya pradeshathu vyaapichukidakkunnave vasthuthayum kaaranam avarkk orumichu pravartthikkunnathu budhimuttaayirikkum.
maadisan ezhuthunnu, oru republic oru janaadhipathyathil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, kaaranam athinte sarkkar prathinidhikalude kaikalilaanu, athinte falamaayi, athu oru valia pradeshathekku vyaapippikkaan kazhiyum. oru valia republicil oro prathinidhikkum thiranjedukkaan kooduthal "anuyojyamaaya pratheekangal" undaayirikkum ennathaanu ashayam. koodaathe, oro prathinidiyum oru valia niyojakamandalatthil ninnu thiranjedukkappedunnu enna vastutha thiranjeduppu prachaaranatthinte (vaachaadopathekkurichulla oru paramarsham) "dushicha kalakal" falapradamallaathaakkanam. udaaharanathinu, oru valia republicil, oru azhimathikkaranaaya prathinidhi oru cheria republicinekkaal kooduthal aalukalkk kaikkooli nalkendathundu. koodaathe, oru republicil, samboornna janaadhipathya sarkkaarukale thadassappeduthunna nissaramaaya avakaashavaadangal thadayunnathinaayi prathinidhikal janangalude niravadhi aavasyangal filter cheyyukayum parishkarikkukayum cheiyunnu.
valuthum vaividhyapoornavumaaya oru republicinaayi maadisan vaadichenkilum federalist pepparukalude ezhuthukaar oru santhulithaavasthayude aavasyakatha thiricharinju. vibhaagangale thadayaan paryapthamaaya vaividhyamaarnna, ennaal samsthaanangalkkidayil aikyam nilanirthaan paryapthamaaya pothuvaaya oru republicaayirunnu avar aagrahichathu. federalist nambar. 2, joonn jaiii americaykku "oru ekeekritha janatha-ore poorvvikaril ninnulla, ore bhashayil ninnulla, ore matham avakaashappedunna oru janatha" enna anugrahamaayi kanakkakki. valia niyojakamandalangal mikacha prathinidhikale nalkumenna thante nigamanatthinte oru parimitiye maadisan thanne abhisambodhana cheiyunnu. niyojakamandalangal valare valuthaanenkil, prathinidhikalkk "avarude ellah praadeshika saahacharyangaleyum thaalpparyangalekkurichum valare kurachu maathrame ariyoo" ennu addeham abhipraayappedunnu. eee prashnam bhaagikamaayi federalism pariharichuvennu addeham parayunnu. federal prathinidhikalude niyojakamandalangal ethra valuthayaalum, praadeshika karyangal swaabhaavikamaayum cheria niyojakamandalangalulla samsthaana, praadeshika udyogasthar paripalikkum.
samakaalika ethir vaadangal.
vaividhyamaarnna thaalpparyangalulla oru republicinu nilanilkkaan kazhiyumenna ashayathe federalistukal shakthamayi ethirthu. rachayithaav "kaatto" (mattoru thoolikaanaamam, mikkavarum jorjju klintan) kaatto nambar enna lekhanathil federalist virudha nilapad samgrahichu. 3:
american aikyanaadukalude paridhikkullil manassilaakkappedunna pradeshatthinte vishalamaaya vyaapthi, athinte kaalavastha, uthppaadanam, vaanijyam, vyaapthiyude vyathyasam, janasamkhyayude ennam ennivayekkurichu gauravamaayi pariganikkunnavar, thaalpparyathinteyum daarmmikathayudeyum nayangaludeyum bhinnatha, mikkavarum ellaavarudeyum, athine oru avabodhajanyamaaya sathyamaayi sweekarikkum, athil oru ekeekritha republican roopathilulla sarkkaarin orikkalum "oru thikanja union roopeekarikkaanum neethi sthaapikkaanum gaarhika samadhaanam urappakkaanum pothukshemam prolsaahippikkaanum ningalkkum ningalude bhaavithalamuraykkum swaathanthryathinte anugrahangal urappakkaanum kazhiyilla", eee lakshyangalilekk athu nayikkanam athinaal eee dayayillaatha niyamanirmmanasabha, avayude swabhaavathil vipareethavum vyathyasthavumaya thaalpparyangalaal nirmmithamaan, athinte prayogatthil, urachuparayaathe, svayam bhinnicha oru sabha poleyaayirikkum.
pothuve, oro samsthaanathinteyum valippathil republicukalkku nilanilkkaan kazhiyumennathum ennaal yooniyante valippathil oru republic paraajayappedumennathum avarude nilapaadaayirunnu. ithine pinthunaykkunna oru prathyeka kaaryam, mikka samsthaanangalum oru vyavasaayathil shradha kendreekarichu ennathaanu-vadakkan samsthaanangalil saamaanyavalkkaranam, vaanijyam, shipping, thekk thottakrishi. vividha samsthaanangalude saambathika thaalpparyangalile vishalamaaya asamathvam vivaadathilekku nayikkumenna federalist virudha vishwaasam orupakshe american aabhyantharayudhathil saakshaathkarikkappettir, chila pandithanmaar eee asamathvathinu kaaranamaakunnu. bharanaghadana ezhuthappedumbol polum vyathyastha saambathika thalpparyangal tharkkam srishtichathaayi maadisan thanne thomas jefezhsaninu ezhuthiya kathil abhiprayappettu. kanvenshanil, vadakkan, thekkan samsthaanangal thammilulla vyathyaasathe addeham "thaalpparyangalude yadhaartha vyathyasam" roopappeduthunna "vivechanarekha" aayi prathyekamaayi thiricharinju.
republicinte anuyojyamaaya valippathekurichulla charcha vyakthigatha samsthaanangalude allengil ulkkollunna yooniyante oopshanukalil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyittilla. richard prisinu ezhuthiya kathil, benchamin rush abhiprayappettu, "kongrasile samsthaanangalude kooduthal samboornnamaaya samyojanathekkurichu niraashappedaan thudangunna nammude prabudharaaya chila aalukal aakramanathmakavum prathirodhaparavumaaya oru sakhyathiloode onnikkaan oru kizhakkan, madhya, thekkan konfedarasi rahasyamaayi nirddeshichu".
thangalude vaadangal unnayikkunnathil, federalistukal virudhar charitraparavum saidhaanthikavumaaya thelivukalodu abhyarthichu. saidhaanthika vashath, avar chaals dii secondat, baaran dii montescuvinte srishtikalil valareyadhikam aasrayikkunnu. federalistukal virudharaaya brutus kaattoyum oru republicinte anuyojyamaaya valippathekurichulla vishayathil montescue udharichu, "niyamangalude aathmaavil" addehathinte prasthavana udharichu
oru republicinu oru cheria pradesham maathrame undaakoo ennathu swaabhaavikamaanu, allaathapaksham athu deerghakaalam nilanilkkilla. oru valia republicil valia bhaagyamullavarum thalphalamaayi mithathwamillaathavarumaaya purushanmaar undu; eathenkilum oru vishayathil sthaapikkaan kazhiyaathathra valia vishwaasangalundu; addehathinu svanthamaayi thaalpparyamund; saha pouranmaare adichamarthunnathiloode thaan santhushtanum mahanayavan mahathwavaanumaayirikkaamennume thante raajyathinte avashishtangalil svayam mahathwathilekku uyarthaamennum addeham taamasiyaathe chinthikkaan thudangunnu. oru valia republicil, pothu nanma ayiram kazhchakalkkaayi thyagam cheyyappedunnu; athu ozhivaakkalukalk keezhilaanu, apakadangale aasrayichirikkunnu. oru cheria kaaryatthil, pothujana thalpparyam eluppathil manassilakkaavunnathum nannayi manassilakkaavunnathum oro pouranum athicheraavunnathumaaya durupayogangal kuravaanu, theerchayaayum avaa kuranja parirakshayaanu.
eee charchayiludaneelam greasineyum romin maathrukaa republicukalaayi kanakkaakkukayum iruvashathumulla ezhuthukaar roman thoolikaanaamangal sweekarikkukayum cheythu. greak, roman samsthaanangal cheruthaayirunnuvennum yuu. ezz. aanennum brutus choondikkaanikkunnu.ezz. vishaalamaan. eee republicukalude vipuleekaranam swatantra gavanmentil ninnu svechaadhipathyathilekkalu parivarthanatthinu kaaranamayennum addeham choondikkaanikkunnu.
aadhunika vishakalanavum prathikaranavum.
american republicinte onnaam noottaandil, illa. 10 neey "federalist" ennathil ettavum pradhanappetta samkhyakalaayi kanakkakkiyirunnilla. udaaharanathinu, "amerikkayile janadhipathyam" ennathil, alexes dii tokkville ambathiladhikam lekhanangale prathyekamaayi paraamarsikkunnu, pakshe illa. 10 perr ithil ulppedunnilla. ennaal innu illa. 10 american janaadhipathyathinte oru adisthaana srishtiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. deseeya aarkkaivukalum records administration, deseeya charithradinavum, "yuu" enniva nadatthiya oru janapriya sarveyaaya "janangalude vottu".ezz. varthayum loka report, "illa. 10 (federalist nambar. 51, maadisan) american aikyanaadukalude charithratthile ettavum swaadheenamulla 20-aamathe rekhayaayi thiranjedukkappettu. 1984ll ezhuthiya david epsteen, ellah american rashtreeya rachanakalilum ettavum uyarnna bahumatiyullah onnaayi ithine visheshippichu.
charitrakaaranaaya chaals eiii. thaadi federalist nambar. 10 bharanaghadana manassilakkunnathinulla ettavum pradhanappetta rekhakalilonnaanu. american aikyanaadukalude bharanaghadanayude saambathika vyaakhyaanam" (1913) enna thante pusthakatthil, bharanaghadanayude srishtikku pinnile saambathika gadakangalekkurichu maadisan vishadamaaya vishadeekaranam nalkiyathaayi thaadi vaadichu. thante padanatthinte thudakkathil, maadisan "raashtreeyathile saambathika nirnaya sidhaanthathinte oru mikacha prasthavana" nalkiyathaayi thaadi ezhuthunnu (thaadi 1913, peju. 15). pinneedu padanatthil thaadi thante kaaryam aavarthikkukayum kooduthal oonnal nalkukayum cheythu. "raashtrashaasthrathinte aditharakalekkurichulla ettavum daarshanikamaaya parisodhana patthaam nambaril maadisan nadathunnu", bardy ezhuthunnu. "oro gavanmentinteyum aadyathethum moulikavumaaya aashanka saambathikamaanenna thathwam addeham ivide anishchithathvamillaatha bhashayil sthaapikkunnu" (thaadi 1913, peju. 156).
patthaam nambarilulla vardhicha thaalparyam thaadiyude pusthakamaanennu dougless adayar parayunnu. varggasamarathinte prashnatthil thaadiyude thiranjeduttha shradhayum addehathinte rashtreeya purogamanavaadavum lekhanathil aadhunika paandithyathinu niram nalkiyittundennum adayar vaadikkunnu. adair parayunnathanusarichu, thaadi illa ennu vaayikkunnu. 10 "vargga chooshanatthinte oru upakaranamenna nilayil bharanaghadana" yilulla addehathinte vishwaasathinte thelivaanu. federalist nambar aanu adayarinte swantham kaazhchappaad. 10 neey "pathinettaam noottaandile oru prashnathilekku nayikkapetta pathinettaam noottaandile rashtreeya sidhaantham" ennu vaayikkanam; oppam... pilkkala kaalaghattangalil 'jephersonian janadhipathyam' ennu namakaranam cheyyappetta aaa boudhika prasthaanatthinte mahathaaya srishtiparamaaya nettangalilonnu.
federalist nambaril maadisante vaadathinte prashastha vimarsakanaanu gaari wills. 10. maadisante chattakkood nyoonapakshangalude samrakshanam vardhippikkukayo pothu nanma urappaakkukayo cheiyunnillennu vaadikkunnathil addeham thante 'americaye vishadeekarikkunnu' enna pusthakatthil roobert daaline sweekarikkunnu. pakaram, vilpp avakaashappedunnu "nyoonapakshangalkk chitharikkidakkunnathum asthiravumaaya sarkkar samvidaanangal upayogichu bhooripaksham thadassappeduthaanum kaalathamasam varuthaanum vegatha kuraykkaanum thadassappeduthaanum thadassappeduthaanum kazhiyum. ennaal kaalathaamasathinulla eee aayudangal nyoonapakshathinu athinte vasthuthaaparamo vasthuthayillaathatho aaya swabhaavam pariganikkathe nalkunnu; avaa athinte vasthuthaaparamo vasthuthayillaathatho aaya swabhaavam pariganikkathe bhooripakshathinethire upayogikkaam. maadisan thadayunnathu vibhaagamalla, marichu pravarthanamaanu. avan samrakshikkunnath pothu nanmayalla, kaalathamasam thanneyaanu ".
apeksha.
federalist nambar. sthaapaka pithaakkanmaarum bharanaghadanaa roopeekaranakkaarum american raashtreeyam pakshapaathaparamaakkaan uddeshichirunnilla ennu kaanikkunnathayi 10 chilappol udharikkappedunnu. udaaharanathinu, yuu.ezz. bharanaghadana parisodhikkaan roopakalppana cheytha thinmakalude pattikayil kakshikal uyarnna sthaanathaanu" enna prasthaavanaykk supreme kodathi justice joonn pooll steevans pathram udharikkunnu. pakshapathaparamaaya oru affiliation nadatthi oru varshathinullil sthaanaarthikal swathanthraraayi malsarikkunnathil ninnu vilakkunna oru california vyavastha charcha cheiyunnathinide justice bairon vaitt eee lekhanam udharichu, "vibhajicha paarttikalum aniyanthrithamaaya vibhageeyathayum sarkkaarinte gadanaykku kaaryamaaya kedupaadukal varumennu california sthaapaka pithaakkanmaarumaayi vyakthamaayi vishwasikkunnu."
vibhaagathe parimithappedutthaanulla swaathanthryam niyanthrikkunnath asveekaaryamaaya parihaaramaanenna maadisante vaadam prachaarana dhanaparidhiyude athiraalikal upayogichu. udaaharanathinu justice clarence thomas federalist nambar. 10 prachaarana sambhaavanakalude paridhikale pinthunaykkunna oru vidhikkethiraaya viyojippil ingane ezhuthi "atharam vibhaagathe nanmaykkaayi upayogikkukayum swaathanthryam samrakshikkukayum nalla sarkkar urappakkukayum cheiyunna oru rashtreeya samvidaanamaanu framermar thiranjedutthathu. innu bhooripaksham amgeekarikkunna vibhaagathin adichamarthal 'chikitsa' sweekarikkunnathinuparam, framermar vyakthigatha pouranmaare oru prathividhi upayogichu aayudhamaakki."

