
jephri sax

oru american saambathika shaasthranjanum academic, public poolisi analystum columbia sarvakalaashaalayile erthu instittyoottinte muun directorumaan jephri david sax (jananam november 5,1954). susthira vikasanam, saambathika vikasanam, daaridryam avasanippikkunnathinulla poraattam ennivayil addeham pravarthichathinte peril addeham ariyappedunnu.
columbia sarvakalaashaalayile sentar phoor sustainable developmentinte director yuu. enn. sustainable development solutions netvarkkinte prasidantumaanu sax. 
2015 septambaril nadanna yuu. enn. uchakodiyil amgeekaricha 17 aagola lakshyangalude koottamaaya susthira vikasana lakshyangale (ezz. dii. jii.) kurichu aikyaraashtrasabhayude (yuu. enn.) sekrattari general antonio guterresinte ezz. dii. jii abhibhashakanaanu addeham. 2001 muthal 2018 vare sax yuu. enn. sekrattari generalinte prathyeka upadeshtaavaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum muun yuu. enn. sekrattari general baann kii-mooninte keezhil athe sthaanam vahikkukayum 2016 nuu munbu muun sahasraabda vikasana lakshyangalumayi (emm. dii. jii. ezz) bandhapetta samanamaaya upadeshaka sthaanam vahikkukayum cheythu. 2015 oode kadutha daaridryam, pattini, rogam enniva kuraykkunnathinulla ettu anthaaraashtrathalathil anuvadicha lakshyangal. emm. dii. jii. kalumaayi bandhappett 2002 ll coffey annante bharanakaalathu addehathe aadyamaayi yuu. enn. sekrattari generalinte prathyeka upadeshtaavaayi niyamichu.
vimarshakaril ninnu parishodhanaykk vidheyamaayathum pathrapravarthakayaaya nina mankinte oru pusthakatthinte vishayavumaaya theevramaaya daaridryavum pattiniyum avasaanippikkunnathinaayi samarppichirikkunna laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna oru samghadanayaaya millennium prime alayansinte sahasthaapakanum mukhya thanthranjanumaanu sax. 2002 muthal 2006 vare addeham aikyaraashtrasabhayude sahasraabda padhathiyude emm. dii. jii. kalude directoraayirunnu. joonn ephinoppam waled happiness reportinte saha-edittaraanu addeham. heliwell aandu richard layard. 2010ll addeham susthira vikasanathinayulla broadband kammeeshante kammeeshanaraayi, anthaaraashtra nayathil broadband internettinte praadhaanyam vardhippikkuka ennathaanu athinte prakhyapitha lakshyam. saash niravadhi pusthakangal ezhuthukayum niravadhi avaardukal nedukayum cheythittundu.
saambathikashaasthrathuklathe addehathinte kaazhchappaadukal, covid-19nte uthbhavam, chainees gavanmentinuvendiyulla addehathinte vaadangal, russian-ukreniyan yudhathekkurichulla russian gavanmentinte vivaranagalkkulla pinthuna enniva addeham vimarshikkappettittundu. vladymyr soloviyovinte sayahna paripadi ulppede russian sarkkar chaanalukalil sax prathyakshappettittundu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
detroit metro pradeshathe mishigaanile ookku paarkkilaan satches valarnnathu, john (nee abrams), theodor satches, oru thozhil abhibhaashakan ennivarude makanaan. addehathinte kudumbam jootharaanu. ookku paarkk haiskoolil ninnu birudam nediya addeham harward collegil chernnu, avide 1976 ll "summa kamm laudu" enna baachilar oof arts nedi. thudarnnu emm.eiii. koodaathe piechu.dii. harwardil ninnu saambathikashaasthrathil "factor coastsum macro economic adjustment inn dhaa ooppan ekkanomi thiyari aandu evidence" enna thalakkettilulla prabandham prasidheekarichu, harward biruda vidyaarthiyaayirikke harward sosaitti oof phelosil cheraan addehathe kshanichu.
academic currier.
harward sarvakalashaala.
1980-ll sax harward faakkalttiyil asisttant professoraayi cherukayum 1982-ll associate professoraayi sthaanakkayattam nedukayum cheythu. oru varshathinusesham 28-aamm vayassil addeham harwardil saambathikashaasthra professoraayi.
adutha 19 varshathinide harwardil sax gallen ell aayi maari. anthaaraashtra vyaapaarathile stoon professor, harward instittyoott phoor internaashanal developmentinte director (1995-1999), harward kenneddy skoolile sentar phoor internaashanal developmentinte director (1999-2002).
columbia sarvakalashaala.
columbia sarvakalaashaalayile sentar phoor sustainable developmentinte directoraan sax. columbia sarvakalaashaalayile professoraanu addeham. 2002 muthal 2016 vare, susthira vikasanathe pinthunaykkunna, bhoomi abhimukeekarikkunna sankeernamaaya prasnangal pariharikkunnathinulla oru interdisiplinary sameepanamulla, sarvakalaashaalayiludaneelamulla samghadanayaaya columbia sarvakalaashaalayude erthu instittyoottinte director sax sevanamanushtichu. saaksinte klaasukal school oof internaashanal aandu public afayezhsilum mailman school oof public healthilum padippikkunnu, addehathinte kozhs "susthira vikasanathinte velluvilikal" biruda thalatthil padippikkunnu.
scholarship, consulting, activism.
aikya arab emirates ulppede niravadhi raajyangalkk saambathika nayathekkurichu sax upadesham nalkiyittundu.
bolivia.
1985-ll deseeya thiranjeduppukaliloode bolivia oru svechaadhipathyathil ninnu janaadhipathyathilekku maarumbol, bolivian svechaadhipathiyaaya hugo baansarinte party saashine adhikaarathil vannukazhinjaal nadappakkaanulla panapperuppa virudha saambathika padhathiyekkurichu upadesikkaan kshanichu. eee sthiratha padhathi deseeya bajattile vettikkuravinoppam vila niyanthranam ozhivaakkunnathil, prathyekichu ennayil kendreekarichaayirunnu. 14, 000% vare ethiya bolivian hyper inflation otta divasam kondu avasaanippikkaan thante padhathikku kazhiyumennu sax prasthaavichu. muun thiranjedukkappetta presidentum parambaraagathamaayi vikasanavaadiyumaaya paas estansoroyude partyumaayi bancer aathyanthikamayi thiranjeduppil paraajayappettenkilum, paasinte manthrisabhayil bhooribhaagavum ozhivakkiya padhathikaliloodeyaanu saaksinte padhathi nadappaakkiyathu. boleeviyayil panapperuppam athivegam sthiramaayi.
panapperuppam kuraykkunnathinulla saaksinte nirddesham saambathikavum saambathikavumaaya achadakkam prayogikkukayum varenyavargathe samrakshikkukayum swathanthravipaniye thadayukayum cheiyunna saambathika niyanthranam avasanippikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu. bolivian sarkkar addehathinte nirddeshangal avatharippichu aazhchakalkkullil uyarnna panapperuppam kurayukayum anthaaraashtra vaaypakkaarkkulla $3.3 bilyan kadam $11 sentinu sarkkar theerppaakkukayum cheythu. akkaalat ithu boleeviyayude gdpyude 85 shathamaanamaayirunnu.
kammyoonisttinu sheshamulla sambadvyavasthakalil upadesham nalkuka.
laattin america, kizhakkan europe, muun soviyatt union ennividangalile sarkkaarukalude saambathika upadeshtaavaayi sax pravarthichittundu. marxism-leninism allengil vikasanavaadathil ninnu vipani sambadvyavasthakalilekkulal parivartthanatthil niravadhi deseeya sarkkaarukale addeham upadeshichu.
1989ll sax polandinte communist virudha aikyadaartyam prasthaanatheyum pradhaanamantri thadyus masoveekkiyude sarkkarineyum upadeshichu. kendra aasoothranathil ninnu vipani sambadvyavasthayilekkalu parivarthanatthinaayi addeham oru samagra padhathi ezhuthi, athu dhanakaaryamantri lessec balserovicsinte neethrthwathilulla polandinte parishkarana padhathiyil ulppeduthi. polandinte kadam kuraykkal pravartthanatthinte pradhana shilpiyaayirunnu sax. saxes aii. emm. eph saambathika shaasthranjanaaya david lipttanum ellah swathukkalum swathukkalum pothuswathukalil ninnu svakaaryasvathilekku vegathil parivartthanam cheyyanamennu upadeshichu. malsaramillaatha niravadhi faaktarikal adachupootti. polandil, muthalaalithathilekkulla druthagathiyilulla parivartthanatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu sax. thudakkathil, professional maanejarmaar niravadhi ohari udamakalodu prathikarikkukayum ohari vipanikalkku valia saambathika punk vahikkukayum cheythukondu addeham american shailiyilulla korpparettu gadanakal nirddeshichu. athu poolish adhikaarikalkk anukoolamaayirunnillengum svakaaryavalkkaricha kambanikalude oharikalude valia blokkukal swakaarya baankukalude kaikalil nalkanamennu addeham nirddeshichu. thalphalamaayi, chila saambathika shaamangalum panapperuppavum undaayi, pakshe polandile vila oduvil sthiramaayi. 1999ll polandu sarkkar saachukalkk avarude ettavum uyarnna bahumathikalilonnaya commanderude cross oof dhii oordar oof merrit nalki aadarichu. krakov yooniversitti oof economicsil ninnu oonarari doktarettum addehathinu labhichu.
saaksinte ashayangalum kendra aasoothranathil ninnulla parivartthana reethikalum parivartthana sambadvyavasthakaliludam sweekarikkappettu. 1991ll slovenia 1992ll estoniyayeyum puthiya sthirathayullathum parivarthanakshamavumaaya karansikal avatharippikkunnathinekku addeham upadeshichu. polandinte vijayathinte adisthaanathil, ussr/russia oru vipani sambadvyavasthayilekku maattunnathinekkurich soviyatt president mikhaayel gorbachevum addehathinte pingamiyaaya russian president boris yeltsinum aadyam addehathinte upadesham thedi. macro economic nayangalil pradhaanamantri yegor gaidaarinteyum dhanakaaryamantri boris federovinteyum upadeshtaavaayi addeham sevanamanushtichu. sambadvyavasthaye sthirappeduthunnathinu saaksinte reethikal shock therapy ennariyappettu, rund lokamahaayudhangalkku sesham germmaniyil upayogicha vijayakaramaya sameepanagalkk samanamaayirunnu avaa. 1990 kalude thudakkathil addehathinte vipani adhishtitha shock therapy sweekarichathinu sesham russia daaridryathilekku veenathinethudarnnu chila paashchaathya maadyamangal addehathe oru shaanthamanaskanaaya navalibaral ennu vilichu.
aagola saambathika vikasanathinaayi pravartthikkuka.
kammyoonisttinu sheshamulla raajyangalile addehathinte pravartthanangal muthal, saambathika vikasanam, daaridrya nirmmarjanam, aarogya-sahaaya nayam, paaristhithika susthiratha thudangiya aagola prashnangalilekku sax thirinju. kalavastha vyathiyaanam, roga niyanthranam, aagolavalkaranam ennivayekkurichu addeham vipulamaayi ezhuthiyittundu. 1995 muthal addeham aafrikkayile daaridryam laghookarikkaanulla sramangalil earppettirikkunnu. newyork magazin" parayunnathanusarichu, saaksinte abhilaashangal amithamaayi parayaan prayaasamaan... lokathe maattuka ennathaanu addehathinte aathyanthika lakshyam-addeham orikkal paranjathupole, 'charithram valaykkuka', roobert eph. kenneddy, saaksinte jeevacharitramaaya "dhii idealist" enna pusthakatthil nina munk ezhuthi. aadyakaalangalil addeham prashasthanaaya academic vidagtharil ninnu pothu budhijeevikalaayi uyarnnu. munk parayunnathanusarichu, saaksinte aantharika vrithathilulla aalukal addehathe "shitt disturber" ennu snehapoorvvam vilichu, avarude ahankaaram oru niswaartha prathibhayum velluvili niranja yaadhaasthithikathayodulla asakthiyum moolam nikathappettu. addehathil oru mishihaikagunamund", addehathinte rakshaadhikaarikaliloraalaya jorjju soros mankinode paranju.
2005-ll boonoo enna aamukham ulla thante 'daaridryathinte avasaanam' enna kruthiyil sax ezhuthi, 'aphrica daridramaayathinaal aafrikkayude bharanam moshamaan'. satches parayunnathanusarichu, sariyaaya nayangalum pradhana edapedalukalum upayogichu, prathidinam oru dollaril thaazhe varumaanamulla jeevitam ennu nirvachikkappedunna kadutha daaridryam 20 varshathinullil illaathaakkaan kazhiyum. kazhinja rund pathittaandinide 300 dasalaksham aalukale kadutha daaridryathil ninnu uyarthiya indiayum chinayum udaaharanangalaan. 2002leeii 65 bilyan dollaril ninnu 2015oode prathivarsham 195 bilyan dollarayi sahayadhanam uyarthuka ennathaanu ithu kaivarikkunnathinulla oru pradhana gadakamennu sax paranju. aafrikkayude bhooribhaagavum karayal chuttappettathum rogasaadhyathayullathumaayathinil bhoomishaasthrathinteyum kaalaavasthayudeyum punk addeham oonnipparayunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee prasnangal marikadakkaan kazhiyumennu addeham oonnipparayunnu.
mechappetta vithukal, jalasechanam, valam enniva upayogichu aafrikkayileyum upajeevana krishiyulla mattu sthalangalileyum vilavu hectorinu 1 tunnil ninnu hectorinu 3 muthal 5 tonn vare vardhippikkaan kazhiyumennu satches soochippikkunnu. vilaveduppu vardhikkunnathu upajeevana karshakarude varumanam ganyamaayi vardhippikkukayum athuvazhi daaridryam kuraykkukayum cheiyumennu addeham parayunnu. vardhicha sahaayamaan eaka parihaaramenn sax vishwasikkunnilla. daridra pradeshangalil palappozhum illaatha credit, microlovan prograamukal sthaapikkunnathineyum addeham pinthunaykkunnu. maleria cherukkunnathinaayi soujanya keedanashini-samskaricha kidakkavalakal vitharanam cheyyanamennu satches vaadikkunnu. maleriyayude saambathika aaghaatham aafrikkaykku prathivarsham 12 bilyan dollar chelavaakumenn kanakkaakkappedunnu. prathivarsham 3 bilyan dollarinu malaria niyantrikkaan kazhiyumennu sax kanakkakkunnu, athinaal malaria virudha padhathikal saambathikamaayi nyaayeekarikkapetta nikshepamaayirikkumennu soochippikkunnu.
addeham nayikkunna millennium villej project (emvp) oru dasaniladhikam aafrikkan rajyangalil pravartthikkukayum 500,000-thiladhikam aalukale ulkkollukayum cheiyunnu. padhathiyude roopakalppana athinte vijayathinaayi avakaashavaadangalum vimarshakar chodyam cheythathinaal emvp vivaadangal srishtichu. 2012ll saambathika shaasthranjan padhathi avalokanam cheyyukayum "sahasraabda grama padhathi nirnnayakamaaya swaadheenam cheluthunnu enna avakaashavaadathe thelivukal ithuvare pinthunaykkunnilla" ennu nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu. saambathika vikasanathile eathenkilum nireekshicha nettangalkku emm. vii. pii reethikal utharavaadikalaano ennu krithyamaayi nirnnayikkaan anuvadikkunna anuyojyamaaya niyanthranangal ulppeduthunnathil parajayappettathaayi vimarshakar choondikkaanichu. kuttikkaalatthe marananirakkil moonniratti vardhanavu undayathaayi avakaashappedunna 2012 leeii oru "lancet" prabandham thettaaya reethishaasthrathin vimarshikkappedukayum eee avakaashavaadam "anaavasyavum thettidharippikkunnathu" rachayithakkal pinneedu sammathikkukayum cheythu. dhii idealista jephri sax aandu dhii kvastt tuu endup paverty" enna thante 2013leeii pusthakatthil emvp oru paraajayamaanennu pathrapravarthakayaaya nina munk nigamanam cheythu.
2000-ll sahasraabda vikasana lakshyangal (emm. dii. jii. ezz) sweekarichathinethudarnna, emm. dii. jii 4,5,6 ennivaye pinthunaykkunnathinaayi thaazhnna varumaanamulla rajyangalil aarogya parirakshaykkum roga niyanthranathinum dhanasahayam vardhippikkunnathil pradhana punk vahicha macro economics aandu health (<aii. dii. 1>) kammeeshante adhyakshanaayi sax. aids, kshayarogam, malaria ennivaykkethire pooraadunnathinulla aagola fund roopakalppana cheiyunnathinum aarambikkunnathinum addeham yuu. enn sekrattari general coffey annanumaayi chernnu pravarthichu. jorjju dablyu. yude muthirnna udyogastharkkoppam addeham pravarthichu. echuaivi/aidsinethire pooraadunnathinulla pepfar prograam maleriyaykkethire pooraadunnathinulla pmium bush administration vikasippikkum. 2002 muthal 2006 vare annane prathinidheekarichu addeham sahasraabda padhathikku adhyakshatha vahichu, ithu emm. dii. jii. kall nedunnathinaayi oru vyakthamaaya karma padhathi vikasippikkanulla chumathalayilayirunnu. 2005 septambaril nadanna prathyeka sammelanathil yuu. enn. general assembly yuu. enn. millennium padhathiyude pradhana shupaarshakal amgeekarichu.
munbu sekrattari general antonio guterresinte prathyeka upadeshtaavaayirunna sax, emm. dii. jii. kalkk mail kettippadukkukayum avaye marikadakkukayum cheiyunna 2015 leeii susthira vikasana lakshyangalude vakthaavaan.
unnil prathyeka upadeshtaavenna nilayil sashes videsha pramukharumaayum raashtrathalavanmaarumayumaayum idaykkide koodikkaazhcha nadathiyittundu. maatt daamanumaayi photoyedukkukayum sahasraabda graamangalude purogathikku saakshyam vahikkaan saachukalumayi aafrikkayilekku yaatra cheytha anthaaraashtra celebrittikalaaya boonoo, anjaleena jolii ennivarumaayi sauhrudam valarthukayum cheythu.
sax anthaaraashtra nanaya nidyeyum lokamembaadumulla athinte nayangaleyum vimarsikkukayum phalapradamallaatha nikshepa thanthrangalude oru maathrkayaanennu anthaaraashtra bankermare kuttappeduthukayum cheythu.
2015 joolaiyil greak gavanment-dettu prathisandhiyude samayat, sax, heiner flassbeck, thomas pikketti, daani rodrick, saiman renn-luis ennivar greak kadathekkurichu germmaniyude chansalar anchala mercalinu oru thuranna kathu prasidheekarichu.
deep decarbonisation pathways padhathiyude sthaapakaril oraalaan sax.
kaazhchakalum abhipraayangalum.
aanavorjam.
kalavastha vyathiyaanathinulla eaka pariharam aanavorjjamaanennu 2012 ll sax avakashappettu, ennaal athinusesham addeham thante abhiprayam parishkarichu, aanavorjjathinte upayogamillaathe kaarban neutraality kaivarikkamennu 2021 ll nirddeshichu.
chaina.
american aadhipathyam illaathaakkunnathinum chainayude uyarchaye sweekarikkunnathinumulla deerghakaala abhibhashakanaanu sax."chainayile uyigoorukale adichamarthunnathumaayi bandhappett" "vamshahathya" "enna padam thettaanenn addeham vishwasikkunnu". america chinayum thammilulla adutha bandhatthinaayi addeham vaadikkukayum avar thammilulla samgharshangalude apakadathekkurichu munnariyipp nalkukayum cheythu.
syria.
2018 eprilil, america "valare vegam" syriayil ninnu purathuvaranamenna president donald trumpinte kaazhchappaadine addeham pinthunachu, koottichertthu "yunaittad stetsinu syriayilum middle eesttiludaneelamulla vinashakaramaaya sainika edapedal avasaanippikkanulla samayam valarekkaalamaayi, ennirunnaalum suraksha raajyam ithu sambhavikkaan anuvadikkillennu thonnunnu".
veneswella.
sentar phoor economic aandu poolisi research prasidheekaricha sax aandu maarkk weisbroat ezhuthiya 2019 leeii oru reportil, 2017 num 2018 num idayil maranasamkhyayil 31 sathamaanam vardhanavu 2017 ll venaswelakku mail chumathiya uparodham moolamaanennum athinte falamaayi 40,000 perr marichirikkaamennum avakashappettu. report parayunnu "uparodham venaswelakkaarkku jeevan rakshikkunna marunnukal, medical upakaranangal, bhakshanam, mattu avashya irakkumathi ennivayil ninnu pinmaarukayaan."adhika maranangal uparodhangalude falamaanennu theliyikkaan rachayithaakkalkk kazhinjillennu weisbroat prasthaavichu, ennaal nadapadikal earppeduthunnathinum enna ulppaadanathil oru attandant idivu varuthunnathinum samaantharamaayaanu vardhanavu nadannathennu paranju."
american stettu department vakthaav abhipraayappettath "ezhuthukaar thanne sammathikkunnathupole, report oohaapohangaleyum oohaapohangaleyum adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu."harward saambathika shaasthranjanaaya ricardo housemaan eee vishakalanam thettaanenn avakaashappedunnu, kaaranam ithu columbia polulla mattoru raajyathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla venaswelayekkurichu asaadhuvaaya anumanangal nadathunnu," "2017 muthal kolambiyayil sambhavicha karyangal saambathika uparodhangal illaayirunnengil veneswela sambhavikkaan pookunnathinu virudhamaayi edukkunnathil ardhamilla"."ithine" "mandamaaya nyaayavaadam" "ennu vilikkunna rachayithakkal, vishakalanam mattu vishadeekaranangal thallikkalayaan parajayappettuvennum pii. dii. vii. ezz. eiii dhanakaryangal shariyaayi kanakkaakkunnathil parajayappettuvennum parayunnu".
covid-19.
covid-19 mahamariyude thudakkathil, sax covid-19 laab chorcha sidhaanthathe (athinte oru pathipp president donald trumpinte pinthunayullathaanu) shabdaparamaayi nirasichu, ithu saars-cove-2 vairas oru chainees laboratariyil ninnu purathirakkiyathaayi prasthaavichu, ithu "ashradhavum apakadakaravumaanu" ennu apalapikkukayum valathupaksha raashtreeyakkaar wuhan instittyoott oof virologyil viral choondunnathu "lokathe samgharshathilekku thallividumennu vaadikkukayum cheythu... jeevashaasthramo kaalagananayo laborattari-release kathaye pinthunaykkunnilla."
eee samayat, 2020 vasanthakaalath, "lancet" edittar richard horttan, pothujanaarogya nayathinu shupaarshakal nalkaanum vaidyashaasthram mechappeduthaanumulla lakshyngalulla athinte covid-19 kammeeshante chairmaanaayi saashukale niyamichu. vairasinte uthbhavathekkurich onnu ulppede niravadhi task fozhsukal saachukal roopeekarichu. wuhan instittyoott oof virologyumaayi chernnu pravarthicha daasaakkinte neethrthwathilulla oru padhathiye pinthunaykkunna federal graant, ecohealth alayans, trump bharanakoodam akaalathil avasaanippicha randaazhchaykku sesham, kolambiyayile saaksinte sahapravarthakanaaya britiish american disease ecologist peettar dassackine eee task fozhsinte thalavanayi sax niyamichu. eee niyamanam thaalpparya vairudhyam srishtikkunnathaayi vimarsikkappettu, udaaharanathinu ratjezhs sarvakalaashaalayile kemikkal biologist richard ebrait, kammeeshane "deseeya avalokanathil" "poornnamaayum podemkin kammeeshan" ennu vilichu. ennirunnaalum, satches laab chorcha sidhaanthathilekku kooduthal aakarshikkappedumbol, addeham daassaakkumaayum task fozhsumaayum samgharshathilaayi, 2021 venalkkaalath raajivaykkaan nirbandhithanaayi, aaa varsham septambaril groupine pirichuvittu.
2022 meyy maasathil, sahapravarthakanaaya neel ell. covid-19nte uthbhavathekkurich swathanthramaaya anweshanam aavasyappettu sax haarisan oru lekhanam ezhuthi. avarude praadhamika aashanka udaledukkunnathu corona vairas spike proteente amino assid shreniyil oru furin kleevej saittinte saannidhyathil ninnaan, ithu epithelial soodiyam chaanalinte (inak-α) α-subunitil kaanappedunnathin samaanamaan. ithu virologist roobert gaariyil ninnu niravadhi prathikaranangalkk kaaranamaayi, addeham choondikkaatti
2022 joolaiyil, chainayude covid-19 thettaaya vivaramaayi europian union kanakkaakkunna "us laab biotechnology" ninnaan covid-19 vannathennu "urappilla" ennengilum thanikk "valare bodhyamundu" ennu sax paranju. athesamayam saachukalkk oru "yuu" yill ninnu vairas chorchaykkulla saadhyathayilekku chaayvundu.ezz.-laborattari gaveshana paripaadikku pinthuna nalkikkond addeham paranju, "swaabhaavikamaaya oru chorchayum saadhyamaan. eee rund sidhaanthangalum eee ghattathil praayogikamaanu."
2022 augustil, roobert eph.-nte podcastil sax oru manikkoor neenda abhimukham nalki. kennidi juuniyar. avide addeham dasakine vimarsikkukayum kovidinte uthbhavathekkurich sathyasandhatha pularthaathathaayi aanthani fausiyeppolulla udyogasthare kuttappeduthukayum cheythu.
2022 septambaril, lancet kammeeshan saachukalude melnottatthil vairasinte uthbhavathekkurichulla vyaakhyaanam ulppede pakarchavyaadhiyekkurichu vishalamaaya oru report prasidheekarichu. oru american laboratariyil ninnaan vairas uthbhavichathenn ithu soochippikkunnu. shaasthratheyum vaidyashaasthratheyum kurichulla nirnaayaka kandethalukal ashayavinimayam nadathunnathil oru melnottakkaranum nethaavenna nilayilulla athinte pankinekkurichu laansettinte ettavum lajjakaramaaya nimishangalilonnayirikkaam ithennu anchela rasmussen ulppedeyulla virologistukal abhiprayappettu."yuu. ezz. laborattari edapedalinte nirddesham" "vanyamaaya oohaapohangal" "aanennum" "atharamoru pradhana vishayathil kooduthal thettaaya vivarangalkk kaaranamakunna atharamoru swaadheenamulla report kaanunnath sarikkum niraashaajanakamaanennum virologist david robartsan paranju"."
ukrainile yuddham.
2022 februvariyil ukrainile russian adhiniveshathe paraajayappeduthaan prayasamaanennum naattoyil cheraanulla finlaandinte neekkangal charcha cheytha samaadhaanathe durbalappeduthumennum 2022 meyy maasathil sax paranju "russia paraajayappeduthunnathinne eee samsaarangalellam ashradhamaanennu njaan karuthunnu."2022 juunil, yudhathil vedinirthal aavashyappedunna oru thuranna kathil addeham saha-oppuvachu, ukraine paashchaathya raajyangalude thudarchayaaya sainika pinthunaye chodyam cheythu.
2022-ll, russian sarkkar dhanasahaayathode vladymyr soloviov aathidheyathvam vahicha topp rating shokalilonnil addeham randuthavana prathyakshappettu, ukraine charcha nadatthaanum russia ukraine pradeshathu ninnu neekkam cheyyanamenna "maximalist aavasyangal" yill ninnu pinmaranum addeham aavasyappettu, athinu "walstreet jenal" addehathe vimarshichu.
2023ll, russia-ukreniyan yudhathil america vahicha punk addeham kuttappedutthi, 2014leeii anthassinte viplavathil president victor yaanukovichine "attimarikkunnathil" "thettaaya goodaalochana" nadathiyennum thudarnnu russia valayam cheiyunnathinaayi "naatto vipuleekaranathe" prerippichuvennum addeham avakashappettu."
sax nirddeshichathu yuu ennaanu.ezz. nord stream pipeline attimarichathinu utharavaadiyaayirunnu. 2023 februvariyil, eee vishayathekkurichu aikyaraashtrasabhayude suraksha samitiye abhisambodhana cheyyaan russian sarkkar addehathe kshanichu.
vimarsanaathmakamaaya sweekaranam.
saambathikashaasthram.
saaksinte saambathika thathwachinthakal vivaada vishayamaan. aadarshavaadi jephri satches daaridryam avasaanippikkanulla anweshanavum" enna 2013-leeii pusthakatthinte rachayithavaaya nina munk parayunnath, nannayi uddeshichirunnenkilum, satches amgeekaricha daaridrya nirmmarjana padhathikal varshangalkk sesham "aalukale mumbathekkaal moshamakki" ennaanu.
newyork sarvakalaashaalayile saambathikashaasthra professoraaya vilyam eesttarli, saaksinte 'daaridrya nirmmarjana padhathi' orutharam valia kuthichuchaattamaanennu visheshippichu 'washington poost' ennathinaayi 'daaridryathinte avasaanam' avalokanam cheythu. 1985 muthal 2006 vareyulla kaalaghattatthil eestarliyude "vellakkaarante bharam" enna pusthakatthile cross-kantri stattistikkal vishakalanam anusarichu, "prarambha daaridryathinum mosham gavanmentinum naam niyanthrikkumbol, mandagathiyilulla valarchaye vishadeekarikkunnathu mosham gavanmentaanu. mosham gavanmentine niyanthrichukazhinjaal thudarnnulla valarchayil prarambha daaridryathinte oru phalavum sthithivivarakkanakusaricha thirichariyaan namukk kazhiyilla. mosham gavanmentinte nirvachanam azhimathi maathramaayi parimithappeduthukayaanel ithu ippozhum sariyaanu."saachukal nirddeshikkunna vanthothilulla sahayam phalapradamallennu kizhakk kanakkakkunnu, kaaranam athinte prabhavam mosham bharanavum koodaathe/allengil azhimathiyum thadassappeduthum.
africa sahayikkunnathinulla saaksinte 120 dasalaksham dollar sramathekkurichu abhiprayappetta american sanjaara ezhuthukaaranum novalistumaaya pooll therox, eee thaalkkaalika nadapadikal susthiramaaya mechappeduthalukal srishtikkunnathil paraajayappettuvenn parayunnu. keniyayile dertuvile naadodi ottaka meyikkunnavarude viralamaaya janasamkhyayulla oru kammyoonittiyile oru padhathiyil therox shradha kendreekarikkunnu, saaksinte sahasraabda grama padhathikku dhanasahayam nalkunnu, ithinu moonnu varshathe kaalayalavil dasalaksham dollar chilavaakum. padhathiyude shouchaalayangal niranjirikkukayum niranjozhukukayum cheythuvennum athu nirmmicha dormittarikal vegathil jeernichuvennum athu sthaapicha kannukaali vipani praadeshika achaarangal avaganikkukayum eathaanum masangalkkullil adachupoottukayum cheythuvennum therox parayunnu. deshyappetta oru dertu pouran saaksinte pravarthanatthinethire 15 pooyint rekhaamoolamulla parati nalkiyathaayum athu "aashrithathvam srishtichu" ennum "padhathi thaazhethattil sameepikkendathaanennum ennaal visa thirichaanennum addeham parayunnu."
canadian pathrapravartthakanaaya navomi clain parayunnathanusarichu, bolivia, polandu, russia ennividangalile shupaarshakal dasalakshakkanakkinu aalukale theruvukalil athikkunnathinu kaaranamayathinaal jephri sax "duranta muthalaalithatthinte" shilpikalil oraalaan. saambathika vidagtharaaya daaron asemoglu, jaims eiii. ennivarude abhipraayathil. sthaapanangaleyum saambathika valarchayeyum kurichulla avarude pravartthanangale saachukal vimarshichappol, robinson "dhaaraalam cheli eriyuka" enna thanthram upayogichu, athil chilath nilanilkkumennu pratheekshichukondu. mattullavarude aashayangalile prasnangal thirichariyaan saachinu kazhiyillennum swantham srishtikalodulla velluvilikal sahikkaan kazhiyillennum american ezhuthukaaran maikkal bush abhiprayappettu.
chaina.
2018 desemberil, yuu. esinte abhyarthana maanich huvaaveyude cheef financial officer meng vaanshou kaanadayil arasttilaayi.ezz.iraanethiraaya uparodham lamghichennaaropichu avare kaimaranamennu aavasyappettaayirunnu ithu. menginte arasttinu thottupinnaale, sax oru lekhanam ezhuthi, athil avalude arast chaina niyantrikkaanulla shramangalude bhaagamaanenn addeham parayukayum yuu. esine kuttappeduthukayum cheythu.ezz. avale kaimaranamennu aavasyappettathinu kaapatyam. niravadhi yuu executiveukalil aarum illennu addeham ezhuthi.ezz. uparodha lamghanathinu pizha chumathiya kambanikale arast cheythu. lekhanathinte peril vimarsikkappettathinushesham, 260,000 pholoversulla thante twittar akkoundu sax adachu. eshya sosaittiyile seeniyar felloyaaya isak stoon fish, sax oru huvaave position pepparinu aamukham ezhuthiyittundennum saxinu huvaave panam nalkiyittundo ennu chodichathaayum abhiprayappettu. eee jolic thanikk shambalam labhichittillenn sax paranju.
2020 juunil, us huwawe lakshyamidunnathu surakshayekkurich maathramallenn sax paranju. avarude 2020 leeii pusthakamaaya "hiden hand" ll, clive hamilton maarik olberg saaksinte oru lekhanathekkurichu abhipraayappedunnu, athil addeham yuu. esine kuttappeduthunnu.ezz. kaapatyathode huwawe apakeerthippeduthunna sarkkar. kambaniyude "njangalude pankitta digital bhaaviyekkurichulla kaazhchappaad" sambandhicha muun amgeekaaram ulppede, huvaaviyumaayi adutha bandham illengil saaksinte lekhanam kooduthal ardhavathaayathum swaadheenamullathumaayirikkumnu hamilton olberg ezhuthunnu. niravadhi chainees samsthaana sthaapanangalumaayum addeham samsaaricha swakaarya oorjja korppareshanaaya sephsy chaina energyumaayum saachinu bandhamundennum rachayithakkal aaropikkunnu.
2021 januvariyil oru abhimukhathil, abhimukham nadathunnayaal aavarthichu prerippichenkilum, chaina uyigur janataye adichamarthunnathinekkurathu chodyangal saachukal ozhivaakkukayum "yuu. ezz nadatthiya valia manushyavakaasha lamghanangale" paraamarsikkukayum cheythu.ezz."pinneedu, 19 abhibhaashaka, avakasha grouppukal samyukthamaayi columbia sarvakalaashaalaykk saachukalude abhipraayangale chodyam cheyth oru kathu ezhuthi. chainayude videshakaarya manthraalayathinte athe nilapad sax sweekarichuvennum ithu yuu. esinte charithrathilekkulla vyathichalanamaanennum kathil oppittavar ezhuthi.ezz. chaina uyigoorukalodu moshamaayi perumaarunnathinekkurichu charchakal ozhivakkaanulla oru maargamaayi avakasha lamghanangal. chainees sarkkar adichamarthiyavarude kaazhchappaadine nissaaramaakkiyukond saachukal "thante sthaapanathinte dauthyathe vanchichu" ennu avakasha grouppukal paranju. steefan rictor, "globalist" edittar-inn-cheef, jeey.dii. bindenagal, oru muun yuu.ezz. ambasseder, sax "sajeevamaayi prakshobham nadathukayaanennu" ezhuthi (!) oru classic communist prachaarana thanthrathinu ".
ukraine.
2022 februvari avasaanathil russiayude ukraine adhiniveshathekkurichulla saaksinte kaazhchappaadukalum prathyekichu naatto athinu sambhavana nalkiyenna addehathinte vishwaasavum "atlaantik" enna pusthakatthil jaims kirchikku moshamaayi ariyichittundennu vimarshichu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
pediatricianaaya bhaarya sooniya erlich saachasinoppam newyork sittiyilaan satches thaamasikkunnath. avarkk moonnu kuttikalundu.
2020 yunaittad stetts president thiranjeduppu.
2020 leeii demookratik party presidential primerikalil sax berney saandezhsine amgeekarikkukayum saandezhsin upadesham nalkukayum cheythu.
avaardukalum bahumathikalum.
2004lum 2005lum "time" prakaram lokathile ettavum swaadheenamulla 100 peril oralaayi saashsine thiranjedutthu. waled afayezhs kaunsil oof america "videsanaya mekhalayile ettavum swaadheenamulla 500 peril" oralaayi addehathe thiranjedutthu.
1993ll sax ennu vilikkappedunna newyork times orupakshe lokathile ettavum pradhanappetta saambathika shaasthranjanaayirunnu."
2005ll saxinu thulyaneethikk saarjant shreevar award labhichu. 2007ll india gavanment nalkunna moonnaamathe paramonnatha sivilian bahumathiyaaya pathmabhooshan addehathinu labhichu. 2007ll addehathinu cardoso jenal oof konflikt resolution internaashanal advakkettu phoor pease award harward graajvett school oof arts aandu sayansil ninnu noottaand medal labhichu.
2007ll saachukalkk ezz labhichu. oru swakaarya pourante ettavum mikacha pothusevanathinulla rogger horcho award, jefezhsan avaardukal varsham thorum nalkunna award.
2000 muthal 2001 vare sax lokaarogya samghadanayude macro economics aandu health kammeeshan chairmaanaayirunnu (1999 muthal 2000 vare yunaittad stetts kongras sthaapicha anthaaraashtra dhanakaarya sthaapana upadeshaka kammeeshan amgamaayi sevanamanushtichu. locabank, oorganaiseshan phoor economic qoo-ooppareshan aandu development, internaashanal moonittari fund, aikyaraashtrasabhayude vikasana paripadi ennivayude upadeshtaavaayirunnu sax. instittyoott oof medisin, american akkadami oof arts aandu sciences, harward sosaitti oof phelos, waled econometric sosaittiyude phelos, brookings paanal oof economists, naashanal beuro oof economic research, chainees ekkanomist sosaittiyude board oof advisors ennivayil amgamaanu. malaysiayile kuwala lumpurile malaya sarvakalaashaalayile sentar phoor poverty aandu development stadeesil daaridrya padanatthile royal professor ungku assis cheyar vahikkunna aadya vyakthiyaan sax. peruvile universitidaadu dell pasafikkoyil oonarari professorship vahikkunnu. lunden school oof economics, ooksfoord aandu yaale yooniversitti, tell avivu aandu jakkartha ennividangalil addeham prabhashanam nadathiyittundu.
2008 septambaril "vaanity fair" puthiya sthaapanathile 100 amgangalude pattikayil saachsine 98-aamm sthaanathethichu. 2009 joolaiyil sax netherlands vikasana samghadanayude anthaaraashtra upadeshaka samithiyil amgamaayi. 2009ll prinsettan sarvakalaashaalayude american wig-cleosophic sosaitti saxinu vishishtamaaya pothusevanathinulla jaims maadisan award nalki.
2016ll, jaanett kariyude pingamiyaayi sax eestten economic associationte presidentaayi.
2017ll saxes bharya chernnaanu aadyathe loka susthirathaykkulla puraskaaram samyukthamaayi nediyathu. aagola paristhithi prasnangal pariharikkunnathin nalkia sambhaavanakalkk 2015 ll saachinu blue plaanat sammanam labhichu.
aagola velluvilikalkkulla thanthraparamaaya naya parihaarangalekkurichulla gaveshanathinu 2017 meyy maasathil saachasinu boris mints instittyoott sammanam labhichu.
2022ll susthira vikasana vibhaagathil saachsinu tang sammanam labhichu.
prasidheekaranangal.
145 rajyangalil pracharikkunna lokamembaadumulla pathrangalude laabhechayillaatha samghadanayaaya project sindikkettinaayi sax oru prathimasa videshakaarya koolam ezhuthunnu. financial times", "scientific american", "time", "huffington poost" thudangiya pradhana prasidheekaranangalil addeham pathivayi sambhavana nalkunnu.