shaantatha

mesoamerican charithratthinte avasanakaala postclassic kaalaghattatthil astec prabhukkanmaarude ("pippilttin") makkalkk charithram, kalandarukal, jyothishaasthram, matham, sambadvyavastha, niyamam, dhaarmikatha, yuddham ennivayil karshana pariseelanam labhikkuna oru skoolaayirunnu chamlekak (, "veedukal/kettidangalude varii/grouping" ennartham varunna "chaamlekaatt" ll ninnu, oru pandithochithamaaya campus). kalmekak", "telpochkalli" ennivayekkurichulla vivarangalkkulla rund pradhana praadhamika srothassukal bernardino dii sahaganinte florentine codexaya "puthiya speyininte kaaryangalude pothuvaaya charithram" (pusthakangal III, vi, viii), codex mendosa bhagam 3 ennivayilaanu.
telpkaatli "kalmekak".
astec thalasthaanamaaya tenochtitlaante "kalmekak" nagaratthinte aachaaraparamaaya madhyabhaagathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, ithu kvettsaalkottalinu samarppikkappettu. purohithapadaviyilekku niyogikkappetta "kalmekak" birudadhaarikal avar parisheelippicha achaarangal nirvahikkunna templo meyarinu sameepamaan ithu sthithicheyyunnathu. pradhana shethrathinu 150 adii uyaravum templo meyarinekkaal valia gadanayumundennu vidhichu. kalmekaakkinte" muttatthinte melkkoorayil ettu adii uyarathil ethiya vrithaakrithiyilulla roopangal vyakthamaayi kaanapedunnu. astec bharanadhikaarikal mumbathethil "kalmekaakkinte" swantham pathippukal nirmmichu. nirmmichu bhookambam eee pradeshathe nashippichathinethudarnna charithratthinte nagara puraavastu padhathiyude (pou) bhaagamaayi naashanal instittyoott oof anthropology aandu histtariyil (inaa) ninnulla puraavastu gaveshakarude oru samgham eee sthalathu pravartthikkaan thudangiyappol thudangiyappol madhyathilaanu eee ezhu kettidangal kandethiyathu.
hajar nila.
kalmekak" saadhaaranayaayi astec prabhukkanmaarude puthranmarkkaayi neekkivachirunnu, athesamayam yuva saadhaaranakkaaraaya "maasihuvalttin" "telpochli" ("yuvaakkalude veedu") yill sainika pariseelanam nedi. telpochalli" yill kuleena yuvaakkale niyamikkunnath kuranja bharyamaarudeyo veppaattikaludeyo aanmakkalo ilaya aanmakkalo aayirikkam, orupakshe saadhaarana padaviyullavaraayirikkaam, athinaal aankuttikalkku "kalmekkakkil" kuleena yuvakkalumaayi malsarikkendathilla. ennirunnaalum, "calmecack" varenyavargakkaarkk maathramullathaanennu visheshippichittunde, chilappol maasihuvalttine "kalmekkakkinum" niyogikkukayum pourohithyathinaayi pariseelippikkukayum cheythathayi sahaguninte vivaranam parayunnu. telpochkalli" yill vidyaabhyaasam nediya saadhaaranakkaaraaya cheruppakkaarkku ("maasehuvalttin") mukalilekkulla chalanasheshiyude saadhyathakal codex mendosa "kalmekak" enna vivaranam oonnipparayunnu. prabhukkanmaarude vagdana puthranmaare jagwar yodhaakkaludeyo (ōcēlōmeh) kazhukan yodhaakkaludeyo (quāuhtin) avarude kwaarttezhsaaya 'kuwahchalli' () sainika utharavukalaal prathyekamaayi pariseelippikkum. codex mendosa vivaranam "kalmekakkum" "telpochkally" thammilulla vargga vyathyaasangale pradhaanamaayum avaganikkunnu. moktesuma randaaman chakravarty tenochtitlaante "kalmekaakkil" ninnu vidyaabhyaasam nedukayum birudam nedukayum cheythu.
vidyaarthi jeevitam, vidyaabhyaasam, pariseelanam.
anchu muthal ezhu vayass vare praayamulla vidyaarthikal avarude pariseelana kaalayalavil avarude veedaaya "kalmekaakkil" praveshikkum. kalmekkak", "telpochkalli" adhikaarikalude saannidhyathil oru samarppana chadangil pankedukkunnathinaayi maathaapithaakkal thangalude kuttikale "kalmekkaakkilekk" konduvannu. manikkoorukalolam neenduninna aachaarangalude oru parambarayil, puthiya vidyaarthikale kulikkukayum perunalkukayum "avarude muthirnnavarude punk nirnnayikkaan" eduppilum nenjilum adayaalappeduthukayum cheythu."kuttikalude chevikal thulachukayarukayum chadangu avasaanikkukayum cheytha sesham astec kshethram oru aaghosha virunnorukki. 
kalmekkaakkil" nirddesham kramena aarambichilla. ezhaam vayassil ninnu achadakkavum sikshayum aarambikkunna naalu vayassulla kuttikale udan thanne muthirnnavarude chadangukalilekku parichayappedutthi. pattukal, achaarangal, vayana ezhuthum, kalandar ("tonalpohuvalli"), "telpochalli" yill padippichirunna ellah adisthaana pariseelanangalum vidyaarthikalkku labhichu. purohithanmaar vidyaarthikalude vidyaabhyaasathinte ellah vashangalum melnottam vahikkukayum purohithapadavikku purathulla vividha thozhilukalkkayi kuttikale thayyarakkukayum cheythu. unnatha vidyaarthikalkku, prathyekichu, academic, saambathika, judicial, nayatantra, bharanaparamaya rolukal ulppede astec gavanmentinullil onniladhikam jolikalilekku purogamikkaan kazhiyum. pathinanjaam vayassil vidyaarthikal aupachaarika sainika pariseelanam aarambhichu. kalmekkak" praadhamikamaayi mathaparavum sainikavumaaya prabodhanathinulla oru kendramaayi pravartthikkumbol, utsaahamullavarum vaidagdhyamullavarumaaya purohithanmaarum sainikarum upayogichu rund raankukalum vardhippikkunnathinaayi, vidyaarthikal "vividha kaikondu kazhivukal padichu."
vyuthpathishaasthram, pratheekathmakatha, saamoohika swaadheenam.
veedu" ennartham varunna "kaalii" enna vaakkukaludeyum "kayarukal, kayarukal, chaattavaaradikal" ennartham varunna "mekkattal" enna vaakkinteyum samyojanamaanu "kalmekak" enna peru."orumichu nokkumbol," "kalmekak" "ennathu" "chaattavaaradiyudeyo pashchaathaapatthinteyo veedu" "ennu vaayikkam"."school ennathinulla nahuwat enna padamaayum ithu nerittu vivarthanam cheyyappettittund. kayarukal chilappol malinal pullu kondaanu nirmmikkappettirunnath, praayashchittha pravarthanangalil upayogikkunnu. prapanchavumaayi bandhippikkunnathinum nithya aikyam nilanirthunnathinumaayi moorchayulla pullo mattu upakaranangalo upayogichu shareerathinte bhagangal thulachukayarukayaayirunnu. eee aikyam drishyaparamaayi sarppilakalo allengil muricha shell roopangal pratheekappedutthiyirunnu. tenochtitlan "kalmekakki" ll feature cheythirikkunna sarppilukal ochukaleppole roopakalppana cheyyukayum astec mathatthinte antharleenamaaya aikyathe pratheekappeduthukayum cheythu. spanish adhiniveshakkaar thalasthaanathe "kalmekak" nasippichathinushesham, avarude kalaasrishtikal valare cheria vrithangale thettayi chithreekarichu. puraavastu gaveshakanaaya raul barrera pou khananathinide melkkoorayude ezhu vrithangal kandethiyappol, aabharanangal "purathana meksikkoyude ettavum savisheshamaaya roopangalilonnaayitheernnu.
shaantatha" samoohathinte sainika, rashtreeya, vishudha shrenikale bandhippichu. kalmekkaakkukal" aayi yogyatha nediya schoolukal astec mathatheyum gavanmentinte roopangaleyum munnott kondupookukayum samoohathile yuvaakkale academic, rashtreeya, sainika kazhivukalil parisheelippichu thudarchayaaya sthiratha urappakkukayum cheythu. tenochtitlaanile "kalmekakkinu" purame, astec saamraajyathiludaneelamallu grameena graamangalkk avarudethaaya "kalmekaakkukal" undaayirunnirikkukayum ellah saadhaaranakkaarkkum mathaparamaya achaarangalil samagramaya prabodhanam labhikkunnundenn urappakkukayum cheiyumaayirunnu.

