
gaver 98

anchu raundu ulladakkam ulla oru maasikayil ninnu vediyundakal prayogichu mousar nirmmicha oru jarmman boult aakshan raifilaan gever 98 (churukkatthil jii98, jii 98, allengil emm 98). 1898 muthal 1935 vare jarmman sarvees raifilaayirunna ithinu pakaram athe adisthaana roopakalppana upayogichulla oru cheria aayudhamaaya carabiner 98keey upayogichu. 7. 92x57 emm mousar vediyundakal niracha oru stripper clip upayogichu gever 98 aakshan, yunaittad kingdom, yunaittad stetts, jappan ennivayulppede mattu niravadhi rajyangal taamasiyaathe sweekaricha niravadhi boult-aakshan enchiniyaring ashayangal vijayakaramaayi samyojippikkukayum mechappeduthukayum cheythu. 1888 leeii muun gweharinu pakaram gwehar 98 pradhana jarmman sarvees raifilaayi maari. chainees boxer kalaapathil aadyamaayi poraadiya ithu onnaam lokamahaayudhathile pradhana jarmman kaalaalppada sevana rifilaayirunnu. gever 98 ll automan saamrajyavum desheeyavaadiyaaya spain kooduthal sainika upayogam kandu.
charithram.
1888 septambar 9 nuu pooll mousar pettant nediya 1895 designinte ettavum puthiya parishkaranamaayirunnu boult-aakshan design. mousar ithinakam thanne samanamaaya mousar model 1895 mattu pala rajyangalkkum vilkkukayum 1871 muthal 1888 vare jarmman sainyathin kuranja noothana mousar raifilukal vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythirunnu. 1888 ll mousarinu pakaramaayi sainyam roopakalppana cheytha oru aantharika roopakalppanayaayirunnu, pakshe athu apraayogika roopakalppanayiloode parajayappettu. idakkaala dashakathil, mousar raifilukal loka nilavaramullathaayi amgeekarikkappedukayum jarmman sainyathe mattullavarude kaikalile jarmman nirmmitha ulppannathaal marikadakkukayum cheythu.
jarmman "gevehr-proofungscommsion" ("jii.pii.keey.") (raifil testing kammeeshan) 1898 epril 5 nuu gever 98 sweekarichu. pareekshanathmaka gever 96 rifilil ninnaan eee nadapadi uruthirinjathu. 1901-ll, gever 98 raifilukalude aadya sainika vitharanam kizhakkan eshyan paryaveshana seena, imperial jarmman naavikasena, moonnu pradhana prussian armi corps ennivaykku nalki. boxer kalaapakaalathaan (1898-1901) gever 98-nte aadya poratta upayogam. 1904ll 290,000 raifilukalkku waffenfabric mousarum 210,000 raifilukalkku dushe waffen undu munitions fabrican (dii. dablyu. emm) karar cheythu. 1914ll ibluedablue pottippurappettappol, jarmman sainyathin ellaatharam 2,273,080 mousar 98-refilukalum undaayirunnu; yudhasamayathu oru adhika 7,000,000 nirmikkappettu.
1888ll 8 emm meter/88 vediyundakal avatharippikkukayum 8.8 emm (. 318 inch) 14.6 gram (226 gram) raundu nose bullatt niraykkukayum cheythathinu pakaram 1903 epril 3nuu 7.92x57 emm mousar paatran (booal vediyunda) 9.9 gram (. 323 inch) spitsar bullatt niraykkukayum cheythu. araykku mukalilum pinvashatthe kazhcha aditharayude pinbhaagathulla baaralil staambu cheytha oru cheria "kall" aanu vedikkoppukalude parivartthanatthe soochippichathu. 1888 paatten emm/88 vediyundakalum 1903 ezz-booar paatten vediyundakalum parasparam maattaanaavaatha rund vyathyastha arakalayathinaal ithu cheythu. puthiya vediyundaykku paranna paathayullathinal "laang visiyar" pinn kazhcha "ezz"-adapted "laang visiyar" upayogichu maattendivannu.
design vishadaamshangal.
swamedhayaa pravarthippikkukayum magazin pheed cheyyukayum, neelatthilum bhaarathilum niyantritha pheed boult-aakshan raifilaan gever 98 allengil model 98 (emm98) raifil. ithinu oru neenda raifil baaralund, koodaathe oru aantharika maasikayil 5 raundu vedikkoppukal vahikkunnu. gever 98-nuu rund sling swivelukal, thuranna munvashathe kazhchakal, "laang visiyar" ennariyappedunna valanja taanjant-type rear saitt ennivayundu.
gever 98-nte niyantritha-pheed boult-aakshan oru savisheshathayaanu, ithu pradhana boult-aakshan sisttam designukalilonnaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
emm98 niyantritha pheed boult aakshan sisttam.
19-aamm noottaandile muun mousar boult-aakshan raifil designukale adisthaanamaakkiyulla niyantritha-pheed mousar emm98 boult-aakshan samvidaanam, kazhiyunnathra parajaya reethikale nishedhikkaan uddeshichulla lalithavum shakthavum surakshithavum nannayi chinthichathumaaya roopakalppanayaanu, ithu 20-aamm noottaandil labhyamaya mattu sainika, vettayaadal/sporting raifil designukalkku prachodanamaayi. emm98 samvidaanathinte oru poraayma, athu valare eluppathil vilakuranja vanthothil ulppaadippikkaan kazhiyilla ennathaanu. mattu chila boult-aakshan designukal (udha.jii. boult handle trigger thammilulla erganomic bandham kooduthal anukoolamaayathinaal kaazhchashakthi nashtappedaathe saikkil chavittanum kazhiyunnathinaal liie-enfield paatten 1914 enfield/emm1917 enfield) pariseelanam labhicha oopparettarmaarkku vegathilulla thee vaagdaanam cheiyunnu.
savisheshathakal.
emm98 sisttathil sisttathinte shroudaayi pravartthikkunna oru reseaver boult bodic moonnu locking lagukalum boult headle rund valia pradhana lagukalum boltinte pinbhaagathu moonnaamathe suraksha lugum ulla oru boult group adangiyirikkunnu, ithu praadhamika locking lagukal parajayappettaal oru baakkappaayi pravartthikkunnu. eee moonnaamathe lugg oru savishesha savisheshathayaanu, ithu muun mousar boult-aakshan designukalil undaayirunnilla. rund pradhana locking lagukal parasparam ethirvashathu sthaapikkukayum oru locking uparithalam pradarshippikkukayum cheiyunnu, athesamayam moonnaamathe suraksha lugg saadhaaranayaayi asamathvavum athinaal asanthulithavumaaya boult thrastt fozhsukal ozhivakkaan pravartthanam loock cheiyunnathil oru pankum vahikkunnilla. adhika sakthikkum surakshaykkum vendi vyaasamulla reseiver valayangalulla muun mousar "small ring" boult-aakshan designukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol emm98 sisttam reseiver ringinte vyaasavum vyaasathilekku vipuleekarichu. athanusarichu, adhika shakthikkayi oru inch barrell shaankukalil 12 threadukal enna nirakkil thread eriyayulla vyaasamulla muun mousar "small shank" boult-aakshan designukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol barrell shank inch 12 threadukal enna nirakkil thread eriyayulla vyaasamulla vyaasathilekku valuthakki. boult handle boltil sthiramaayi gadippichirikkunnu, koodaathe gever 98-ll, nereyaayathum opttimal livarejinaayi puratthekku neengunnu.
emm98 samvidaanathinte mattoru savisheshatha niyantritha-pheed samvidaanamaanu, athil valuthum karangaathathumaaya nakha extractor adangiyirikkunnu, athu raundu magazin vittayudane vediyunda cases riim idukayum raundu ejector puranthallunnathuvare vediyunda cases urachu pidikkukayum cheiyunnu, reseaverinullil gadippichirikkunnu. boult ooppaning saikkilinte avasana ghattathil cheria boult pinvalikkalumaayi samyojippichu, pinn reseiver bridjile cammed uparithalam moolamundaakunna ithu positteev vediyunda cases verthirichedukkalinu kaaranamaakunnu. boult saikling aakshan samayat raifil neekkunnatho sthaapichatho allengil vediyundakal vedivachathaano allayo ennathu pariganikkathe emm98 boult aakshan shariyaayi saikkil cheyyum. niyantritha raundu pheed boult-aakshanil boult vendathra vegathil thirike konduvannillengil maathrame vediyunda cases vrithiyaayi puranthallappedaathirikkum oru jaam undaakukayum cheiyukayulloo.
boult thurakkumbol kookk cheiyunna firing pinn samvidaanam boltil undu, koodaathe cocking kashanam boltinte pinbhaagathu ninnu drishyamaayum sparsikkunnathaayum pravartthanam kookk cheythathayi soochippikkunnu. muun mousar boult-aakshan designukalil illaatha oru cocking shrowd loock chertthu. firing pinn sanjarikkenda dooram kuraykkukayum athinaal loock samayam mechappeduthukayum cheythu-trigger release cheythukondu firing sequence aarambikkunnathinum 7.92 × 57 emm mousar vediyundayil adangiyirikkunna propellantine kathikkunna primeril adikkunna firing pininum edayilulla samayam.
m98 aakshanil boltinte adiyil rund valia oval aakruthiyilulla vathaka durithaashwaasa dwaarangal undu, primer, vediyundakal pottal allengil pottitheri polulla vinashakaramaaya parajayangal undaakumbol magasinilekku uyarnna mardhamullah vaathakangalum boult sleevil oru gyaas shield ozhivaakkunnu. sainika emm98 samvidaanangalil oru dvitheeya vathaka aashvaasam ulkkollunnu, avide vaathakam locking lugg resweyiloode reseaverinte idathuvashathulla tamb hole kautt eksittilekku nayikkunnu. saadhaarana emm98 samvidaanangalil palappozhum thallaviral murichittilla, kaaranam vedikkoppukal saadhaaranayaayi otta raundu feedingaayi lalithamaakkunnu. boltil ninnu vaathakam puratthekku kondupokunnathinum oduvil avashishtangal oopparettarude mukhathu ninnu akattinirthunnathinumaayu eee suraksha savisheshathakal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu.
suraksha liver 12 manikk karakkukayum reseaverinte pinn idathu mathilil sthithicheyyunna boult stopp liver purathedukkukayum cheythukondu emm98 boult group reseaveril ninnu eluppathil neekkam cheyyaan kazhiyum, thudarnnu pravartthanam nadathukayum boult stoppinu mukaliloode pinbhaagathekku boult yaatra thudarukayum cheyyuka. stokkile mettal disk inley oru boult disassembly upakaranamaayi pravartthikkunnu.
jever 98-nte pala loha bhaagangalum neela niratthilaayi, ithil kaanthikatthinte oru paali (phee3oo4) steel thurumbukalil ninnu bhaagikamaayi samrakshikkunnu. nanavum galwanic nashanavum kuraykkunnathinu vellathil mattunna enna upayogichu samskarichittillenkil, atharam nerttha karutha ooksaid paali thurumbino naashanathino ethire kuranja samrakshanam nalkunnu. 1905 muthal 1945 vare jarmman sainyam loha, thadi, thukal thokkukalude bhagangal vrithiyaakkaanum lubricate cheyyaanum samrakshikkanum uddeshichulla baalistol upayogichu.
suraksha.
boltinte pinbhaagathu gadippichirikkunna moonnu sthaanangalulla oru suraksha, operating liver valath vashath ninnu (sephtti oonn, boult loock) madhyabhaagathekku (sephtti oonn, boult reloadinginaayi thurakkaam), idathuvashathekku (fayar cheyyaan thayyaaraan), pakshe raifil kookk cheyyumbol maathram; allengil, sephtti neengilla. suraksha firing pinn surakshithamaakkunnu. sephtti catch liver valare valuthaanu, ithu pravartthikkaan eluppamaakkunnu, pakshe suraksha catch livarinte nalla pravarthanakshamatha nilanirtthumbol reseaverinu mukalil telescopic kazhchakal sthaapikkunnathil prashnam srishtikkunnu.
vedikkoppukal bhakshanam.
emm98 sisttathinte aantharika maasikayil raifil arayil vettiya vediyundakalumaayi poruthappedunna oru integral boxes mesheen adangiyirikkunnu, 5 raifil vediyundakal vare pidikkaan kazhiyunna verpeduthaavunna floorplate undu. jarmman milittari emm98 sisttam intenal magazin boxukalil 7.92x57 emm mousar vediyundakal alavilulla prashnangalillathe paramavadhi mothatthilulla neelam sambharikkunnathin oru aantharika magazin neelam undu. vediyundakal magazin boxil 30 digri stacking konil oru nirayil sookshikkunnu, athinaal avasaanam ninnu nokkumbol, parasparam sparsikkunna moonnu vediyundakal oru samabahu trikonatthinte pooyintukal roopappeduthunnu. reseiver topp ooppaningilekko stripper klippukaliloodeyo vediyundakal thallunnathiloode maasikayil orotta raundu looad cheyyaan kazhiyum. oro stripper klippinum maasika niraykkaan 5 raundu pidikkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe pinn reseiver bridjilekku mesheen cheytha clip guideukalil cherkkunnu. loducheythathinushesham, boult adaykkumbol shoonyamaaya clip puranthallappedunnu. eluppathil looad cheiyunnathinu reseiver toppinte idathu pinbhaagathu oru krisant aakruthiyilulla tamb hole kautt undu. boult pravartthippicho (suraksha kaaranangalal, suraksha ithinu madhyasthaanathu sajjamaakkanam) allengil mechanical prashnangalundenkil, stokkinoppam flush cheiyunna magazin floorplate oru vediyundayude tippinte sahaayathode thurakkunnathiloodeyo magazin irakkaam.
pakaramaayi vediyundakal aaa kaalaghattatthile sainika raifilukalile staanderdaayi nerittu arayilekku nerittu looad cheyyaan kazhiyum, kaaranam extractor spring-loducheyth roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathinaal extractor nakhangal adaykkumbol vediyundayude arikiloode "poppu" cheiyunnu.
gever 98-nuu magazin katt-oof samvidaanamonnum undaayirunnilla, ithu maasikayile vediyundakal reservil sookshikkumbol maathram orotta vediyundakal bhakshikkanum verthirichedukkaanum anuvadikkunnu. emm98 sisttam mousar magazin pheed cheytha boult-aakshan sisttangal saadhaaranayaayi magazin katt-oofukal upayogichu nirmmichathallaathathupole, automan mousar model 1893 veriyantum ithil ninnu vyathyasthamaan.
emm98 samvidaanathinte aadhunika sivilian santhathikal.
1945ll randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathode jarmman sainyathinayulla emm98 samvidaanathinte uthpaadanam nirtthiyenkilum, sivil upayokthakkalkkaayi puthiya mousar emm 98, mousar emm 98 maagnam raifilukalude uthpaadanam 1999ll mousar jagdwafan gmbh (mousar vettayaadal aayudangal limittad) punaraarambhichu.), 1936 leeii yadhaartha droingukalum athath mousar pettantukalum anusarichu. adisthaana mousar emm 98 pathippin ekadesham 6,800 euroic eee raifilukal retail (2009), ennaal (adambara) oopshanukal cherkkunnath eee raifilukal kooduthal chelaveriyathaakkum. mattu niravadhi thokku nirmmaathaakkalum ishtaanusritha thokku nirmmaathaakkalum nilavil puthiya emm98 sisttam klonukal allengil emm98 prachoditha boult-aakshan vetta/sporting raifilukal nirmmikkunnu. emm98 samvidaanathinte abhikaamyamaaya savisheshathakal, athinte niyantritha feeding pole, pilkkala boult-aakshan designukalilekku kondupoyi. uthppaadanam lalithamaakkunnathinulla saankethika maattangalum saankethikavum erganomic mechappeduthalukalum eee designukalil ulppeduthiyittundu.
trigger cheyyuka.
trigger thirachil nadathunnathinu munbu raifilinu rund gattangalulla trigger undaayirunnu, ganyamaaya take upp undaayirunnu. sammarddakaramaaya (poratta) saahacharyangalil akaala vedivayppu thadayaan eee savisheshatha sahayikkunnu.
kazhchakal.
yadhaarthathil gever 98 saitt line oru ooppan poost type frond saittum vii-aakruthiyilulla rear nochulla oru valanja taanjant-type rear saittum undaayirunnu, ithu "laang visiyar" (designer lefttanant kenal laanginte laang saitt) ennariyappedunnu. 1888 paatten emm/88 vediyundakal muthal incrementukal vare pinn kaazhchaykk birudam nalki. emm/88 vediyundayil raundu-nosed tharatthilulla poornna loha jacket projectylukal nirachirunnu.
saadhaarana ooppan ayann saitt targetting gadakangalil thaarathamyena parukkan parukkan targetting gadakangal ulppedunnu, ithu sitlainine parukkan kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum kuranja prakasha upayogathinum anuyojyamaakkunnu, pakshe cheria pooyint targettukal lakshyamidunnathinu anuyojyamalla. pinn kaazhchayude trackukal lakshyamidumbol vashangalilekkulla kaazhchaye thadassappeduthi. kuthirappadayaalikalude unitukal charge cheiyunnathu polulla vidoora pradeshathe thee lakshyangal manassil vechaanu kazhchakal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu, athinaal staanderd irumbu kazhcha line valare neenda doorathekku kaalibrett cheyyaan kazhiyum. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum sainika sidhaantham vidoora pradeshangalile lakshyangalil vediyuthirkkunnathine pariganichu, avide oru udyogasthan rench vilikkukayum sainikar voliyil vedivaykkukayum cheyyum.
sainika emm/88 vedikkoppukalude prakadanam mechappeduthunnathinulla sramangal jarmman sarkkar nadatthi, emm/88 upayogicha sevana aayudangal "gever-proofung kammeeshan" roopakalppana cheyyukayum 1903 ll 7.92 × 57 emm mousar chamberinginte maanam punarroopakalppana cheyyukayum cheythu. araykku purame, borum ("ezz-booar" ennu namakaranam cheyyappettirikkunnu) alavanusarichu punarroopakalppana cheythu. 1903 paatten 7.92 × 57 emm mousarinte patron (booal catridge) bharam kuranjathum pooyintad aaya "spitjesshos" (spitsar bullatt) vyaasavum kooduthal sakthamaaya eratta-bays (nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla) pukayillaatha podiyum kondu nirachirunnu. puthiya spitsar bullattinte mechappetta baalistik coffificient ullathinaal, 1903 paatten vediyundakalkku mechappetta paramavadhi phalapradamaaya shreniyum paranna pathayum undaayirunnu, athinaal meter/88 vediyundakalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol rench esttimettinginte vimarsanam kuravaayirunnu. ezz paatron" avatharippichathode pinn kaazhchayude nilavaaram athinanusarichu maattukayum athu incrementukalil ninnu niyanthrikkukayum cheythu.
1903 paatten 7.92 × 57 emm mousarinte paatran ennathinaayulla parishkaricha kazhcha rekha vediyundakal kuranjathu poojyadoorathekku kaalibrett cheythirikkukayum thuranna poost frond saittum vii aakruthiyilulla pinn nochum upayogikkumbol uyarnna reethiyil adikkaan kaaranamaakukayum cheyyumbol, pinn kaazhchayude trackukal roopeekaricha thoonukal adutha lakshyangal "goalpostukal" thammil vegathil bracket cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu, ithu upa-renchukalile saadhaarana kazhcha reethi upayogichu uyarnna pooyint lakshyathin yaanthrikamaayi nashtapariharam nalkunna oru kazhcha reethiyaanu.
stokku.
gever 98 oayil finished raifil stokkil semi pisttol grip undu. ellah raifilukalilum oru topp handgard staanderdaayirunnu, pinvashatthe saitt besinte munvashath ninnu thaazhathe barrell baandinu thottumunbu avasaanikkunnu. fozhsukal vitharanam cheiyunnathinaayi oru steel cross boult gadippichu, athinaal stokku beddingle thirichuvaravinte phalangal stokku vibhajikkaanulla saadhyatha kuraykkunnu. butt stokkinte adibhaagathu vegathil verthirichedukkaan kazhiyunna sling swivel, bottom barrell baandinu thaazhe sthithi cheiyunna topp swivel, topp echu-stail barrell baandinte adibhaagathu gadippichirikkunna oru paredu hook enniva stokkil undaayirunnu. yudhathinu munbulla stokkukal walnut maratthil ninnaan nirmmichathu, maram sthiratha kaivarikkaan anuvadikkunnathinu sharashari moonnu varsham pazhakkamullathaayirunnu. 1917 muthal walnut shaamam beach maram upayogikkendivannu. yudhaanantharam uthppaadippikkappetta beach stokkukal yadhaartha walnut stokkukalekkaal kuranja modiyullathum bhaaramullathumaayirunnu.
aaksasarikal.
sling vahikkunna thukal upayogichaanu thokku purathirakkiyathu. onnaam lokamahaayudhakaalathu thukalinte kuravu kaaranam canvassil ninnaan slingukal nirmmichathu.
raifil grenadeukal vedivaykkaan raifilinu kazhinju. onnaam lokamahaayudhakaalathu attaachabil raifil grenade launcher modalukal roopakalppana cheythirunnu.
oru bionetinoppam upayogikkunnathinaanu gever 98 roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. ithinaayi raifilinu neelamulla bionet lagulla echu-stail topp barrell-baand undaayirunnu. gever 98 bionet lagile neelamulla bairing uparithalam oru mookk valayathinte kootticherkkal illaathaakki. eee parihaaratthinte prayojanam mookk valayangalkk barrell aandolanathe thadassappeduthaan kazhiyum enna vasthuthayilaan, ithu oru raifilinte krithyathaye ganyamaayi thadassappeduthum. saitengevehr 98" paatten bionetaanu raifilinu aadyam nalkiyathu. eee eppi stail bionetinu neelamulla quilback bladeund. 1905 avasaanathode, eee bionettinu pakaram kooduthal karuthuttathum praayogikavumaaya "saitengevehr 98/05" oru blade upayogichu maattaan thudangi. savisheshamaaya aakruthi kaaranam sakhyakakshikal ithine "kashap blade" ennu vilichirunnu, thudakkathil peerankippadayaalikalkkum enchineeyarmaarkkum oru vettikkalayal upakaranamaayum aayudhamaayum uddeshichullathaayirunnu ithu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathode, oru sambadvyavastha alavukol enna nilayilum idungiya kuzhikalil neelamulla modalukal praayogikamallaathathukondum "saitengevehr 84/98" enna blade avatharippichu; eee model weimer republicinteyum moonnaamathe reachinteyum kaalath saadhaarana prashnamaayi maari. upakaranangalayi upayogikkaan uddeshichulla staanderd paattenukalude serated, zoo-backed pathippukal jarmman "pioneer" (pioneermaar) vahichirunnu.
vakabhedangal.
snipper modalukal.
1915 leeii vasanthakaalath, 15,000 gever 98 raifilukal gadippikkaan theerumaanichu, factory testtukalil asaadhaaranamaamvidham krithyathayullathaayi thiranjedutthu, snipper upayogathinaayi dooradarshini kazhchakal, ennirunnaalum gever 98 lakshyamidunna opttiksil upayogikkunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheythitilla. sharfshootsen-gever 98" (sniper raifil 98) 1915 ll audyogikamaayi sweekarichu, eee kaalayalavil 4xgorts allengil seys telescopic kazhchakal avatharippichu. raifilinte stripper clip loading anuvadikkunnathinaayi eee kazhchakal idathuvashathu offset cheythu, koodaathe kaazhchakalkk 100 meter incrementukalil 1,000 meter rench vare bullatt drope compensation saitt drum undaayirunnu. boult handle athinte yadhaartha nerittulla roopakalppanayil ninnu pinvalikkendivannu. stokkil, teenn-daun boult handle parishkkaranam ulkkollunnathin oru edavela nalkendivannu.
snippermark nalkia upakaranangal kramappeduthunnathinaayi yudhakaalathe "sharfshootsen-gever 98" paripadi uddeshichirunnuvenkilum parajayappettu. gorts, jerard, oyiji, seys, hensold, voigtlander thudangiya nirmmaathaakkalum bookk, bush, phas thudangiya nirmmaathaakkalil ninnulla vividha sivilian modalukalum nirmmicha 2.5x, 3x, 4x modalukal upayogichirunna dooradarshini kaazhchakalil ulppedunnu. vividha nirmmathaakkal nirmmicha niravadhi vyathyastha moundingukal upayogichu. taind-daun boult handle polum (aadhunika vettayaadal raifilukalude saadhaarana reethiyeppole ithu loow-profile allengil), reseaverinu nerittu mukalil gadippichirikkunna optiks raifilinum telescopic saitt bodic idayil boltinteyo three-position sephtti catch liverinteyo aprapthamaaya pravarthanatthinu mathiyaya idam nalkilla. reseaverinu mukalil thaarathamyena uyarnna dooradarshini kazhcha sthaapichaanu eee erganomic prashnam pariharichathu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathode 18,421 gever 98 raifilukal parivartthanam cheyyukayum dooradarshini kazhchakal sajjeekarikkukayum jarmman snippermark nalkukayum cheythu.
carabiner 98eiii.
pilkkaalatthe carabiner 98keey allengil munbathe carabiner 98eiii (valiyaksharam eiii) ennivayumaayi thettidharikkendathilla, carabiner 98eiii (kaar 98eiii) yadhaarthathil kuthirappadaykkum support yoonit upayogathinum vendi nirmmicha gever 98-nte oru hraswa pathippaanu. 1902 februvariyil sweekaricha carabiner 98aykku gever 98 nekkaal valare cheria barrel shoonyamaayappol bharam kuravumulla baralundaayirunnu. 1904-ll carabiner 98eiii carbineukal upayogichulla pareekshanangal "ezz paatran" vediyundakalkkaayi punarnirmmichathu amithamaya recoyil, mookk flash prasnangal kaanichu, ithu 1905-ll uthppaadanam nirtthivaykkunnathilke nayichu.
gevehr proofungs kammeeshan" (gpke) eee prasnangal pariharikkunnathinayi neelamulla barrel vyathyastha stokkum ulla oru puthiya carbine vikasippikkaan thudangi; 1907 venalkkaalathinte madhyathode, neelamulla barrell cheytha prototype carbineukal "ezz" patroninoppam kooduthal sveekaaryamaaya recoyil, mookk spotana swabhaavam kaanichu.
1908 januvariyil, carabiner model 1898 aas (kaar 98s) sevanathinaayi amgeekarikkappettu. stepped barrell kondoorinu pakaram taper cheytha oru cheria vyaasamulla () reseiver ring, mookkinu sameepam stokkil gadippichirikkunna oru ell aakruthiyilulla stacking vadi, gaver 98 s sniper veriyantinte athe reethiyil stokkil oru taind-daun boult handle, reases ennivayaayirunnu puthiya savisheshathakal. aas" ennaal "bionet attaachment pooyintum stacking vadi" ennartham varunna "oufpfance-undu-susamensetswortic" ennaanu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathil ekadesham aii. dii. 1 enna hraswa thokkukal nirmikkappettu. 1923-ll jarmmani puthiya 'bii', 'keey' modalukalil ninnu modaline verthirichariyaan sramichathinaal aas 'eiii' ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, kaalaalppada, kuthirappada, parvathasainyam ennivaykku carabiner 98eiii nalkukayum pinneedu sainyathe akramikkukayum cheythu. ithu gaver 98 nekkaal bharam kuranjathum cheruthumayathinaal ithu eshtappettu, athinaal trench akramanangalil upayogikkaan ithu kooduthal anuyojyamaayirunnu.
carabiner 98bii.
carabiner 98bii saankethikamaayi mattoru "carbine" vakabhedamaayirunnilla, marichu carbineukal ulppaadippikkaan germmany maathram anuvadicha vezhsaay udambadiyude nibandhanakal paalikkunnathinayi carbine niyukthamaakkiya oru rifilaayirunnu. carabiner model 1898bii 1923-ll avatharippichu. carabiner 98bick yadhaartha "laang" ramp kaazhchaykk vipareethamaayi oru taanjant rear saitt, side sling attaachment barullah vishalamaaya lover baand, slinginulla side butt attaachment pooyint, oru thirinja boult handle ennivayundaayirunnu. allaathapaksham ithu carabiner 98keey uruthirinja gever 98-nte parishkaricha roopam mathramaayirunnu.
poratta sevanam.
gever 98 praadhamikamaayi onnaam lokamahaayudhathilum muun varshangalile boxer kalaapathilum herroro yudhangalilum sevanam kandu. samakaalika boult aakshan raifilukaleppole, deerghadoora dooraparidhiyulla shakthavum krithyavumaaya rifilaayirunnu ithu, athu trench yudhathinte adutha quarter poraattatthinu anuyojyamallaayirunnu. raifilinte ganyamaaya neelavum kuranja kazhcha krameekaranamaaya 400 meterum (trench yudhangalile saadhaarana paridhiyekkaal valare kooduthal) prathyeka vaikalyangalaayirunnu.
athinte pingamiyaaya carabiner 98keey randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmman kaalaalppadayude staanderd raifilaayi maari. chila gevehr 98-kall randaam lokamahaayudhathilum sevanamanushtichu, ennirunnaalum eee pazhaya raifilukalil palathum 98bii allengil 98keey savisheshathakalilekku parivartthanam cheyyappettu.
sainika krithyatha nilavaaram.
krithyatha nirnnayikkunnathinaayi jarmman sainyam oru koottam vediyundakal oru lakshyathilekku prayogikkukayum oru hitt probability kanakkakkaan sthithivivarakkanakkukal upayogikkukayum cheythu. ithinaayi avar lakshyathinte puram bhaagathe hittukale avaganikkukayum vrithathinte akathe bhaagathe hittukalude pakuthi (50 sathamaanam allengil 50 aarr) maathram kanakkaakkukayum cheiyunna oru vritham varachu. krithyatha alakkaan avar kuranja shoat grouppinte lambavum thirascheenavumaaya alavukal upayogichu. 50 riyaalukalude phalam erattiyaakumbol hitt saadhyatha 93.7% aayi vardhikkunnu.
jarmman sainika minimum krithyatha maanadandam marikadakkaan oru gever 98 inipparayunna reethiyil prakadanam nadathendathundu.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu germmaniyude staanderd sarvees raifilaaya carabiner 98keey-ykkayi eee aavasyakathakal nadappilaakki, oro raifilum sevanathinaayi sweekarikkunnathinu 12 centimeter sarkkilinullil 100 meettaril 5 shottukalil 5 ennam sthaapikkanam.
referencinaayi oru minitt arck (mova) vrithathinu vyaasamund, 2.06 movaykk thulyavum 4.12 movaykk thulyavumaanu.
jarmmankaarum mattu europian sainyangalum upayogicha vrithaakrithiyilulla pishak saadhyathayulla reethi parivartthanam cheyyaan kazhiyilla, krithyatha nirnnayikkunnathinaayi saadhaarana us reethikalumaayi (100 yardle thudarchayaayi 5 allengil 10 shottukal erinjathu) thaarathamyappeduthaanaavilla, koodaathe 100 adiyil thudarchayaayi vedivacha anchil naalennam enna britiish reethi 1 inch veethiyum 1.5 inch uyaravumulla deerghachathurathil pathikkanam.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbulla sainika nirddeshangal anusarichu puthiya gever 98 raifilukal firing paatran booal vedikkoppukalkk sharashari (3.9 mova) lambamaya chitharalum (3.2 mova) thirascheenamaaya chitharalum undaayirunnu. puthiya carabiner 98aas/carabiner 98eiii (cheria reseiver ring, gever 98-nte hraswa pathipp) firing "s patron" booal vedikkoppukalil sharashari (4.9 mova) lambamaya dispersion (3.9 mova) thirascheenamaaya dispersion undaayirunnu. vyakthigatha aayudhangalkk eee saraashariyekkaal mikachatho moshamo aayi vedivaykkaan kazhiyum.
vividha us sarvees raifilukaludeyum britiish liie enfield nambar 4 emkeyudeyum sveekaaryatha krithyatha aavasyakathakal thaarathamyam cheiyunnathinaayi.njaan thokku valikkunnu.
referencinaayi oru 1 mova vrithathinu vyaasamund, 2.9 movaykk thulyavum 4.8 movaykk thulyavumaanu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathil upayogichirunna gever 98-nteyum mattu sarvees raifilukaludeyum krithyatha maanadandangal samanamaayirunnu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham 98-aamm noottaandil.
kaayikavum vettayaadalum.
emm 98.
vettayaadunnathinum mattu kaayika aavasyangalkkumaayi gaver 98 sarvees raifilinte oru sivilian pathippaanu mousar emm 98. roopathil randaamathethinu samaanamaayi, emm 98 yadhaartha sarvees raifil pole allathe pala vettayaadal arakalilum vaagdaanam cheythirunnu. adisthaana mousar sarvees rifilil ninnu vividha saankethika purappaadukal muthal adambara wood gradeukal, (svarnnam) inley, kothupanikal, kalar cases kaadinyam polulla uparithala chikilsakal vare niravadhi savisheshathakalum factory oopshanukalum mousar emm 98 seerees vaagdaanam cheythu. labhyamaya chila oopshanukal aadyam vikasippikkukayum avatharippikkukayum cheythath joonn riggy & qoo aanu. riggy mousar vettayaadal raifilukalil.
emm 98 maagnam.
joonn riggy & kambani. 1900 kalude thudakkathil emm 98 maagnam aakshan vikasippikkaan mousar kammeeshan cheythu. saadhaaranayaayi valia anchu geyimukaleyum mattu apakadakaramaaya geyim enangaleyum vettayaadaan upayogikkunna valia valippathilulla vediyundakal upayogichu pravarthikkunnathinaanu ithu roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. prathikoola saahacharyangalil raifilinte samboornna vishwaasyatha valare pradhaanamaaya eee prathyeka tharam vettaykku, niyantritha-pheed emm 98 samvidaanam mattu aakshan designukal vilayiruthunna maanadandamaayi thudarunnu. 1911-ll joonn riggy & kambani. . 416 riggy vediyundakal avatharippichu, athinte alavukal kaaranam emm 98 maagnam aakshanil maathrame upayogikkaan kazhiyoo.
resamper cheytha raifilukal.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, vezhsaay udambadi germmany sainika shakthiyude kaaryatthil angeyattam parimithappedutthi. saadhaarana pouranmaarkku saadhaarana sainika aayudhangalo vedikkoppukalo upayogikkaan anuvaadamundaayirunnilla. 7. 92x57 emm mousar raundu valare karuthuttathum vettayaadunnathinu mikachathumaayirunnu ennathinaal, aalukal athu upekshikkaan aagrahichilla, athinaal sivilian markkattinaayi vediyundayude punarroopakalppana cheythu, athinte falamaayi 8x60 mmcl oru puthiya neelamulla cases avatharippichu. 8x60 emm vediyundakal oru parishkkaranavumillathe saadhaarana sainika emm98 magazin boxukalil vediyundakalkku anuyojyamaaya reethiyil mothatthilulla neelatthil sookshichirunnu.
apoorvamaaya 8x64 emm vediyundakal mousar gever 98,8 emm ezz-borukal vahikkunna carabiner 98keey raifilukal ennivaykku thaarathamyappeduthaavunna rechampering oopshan vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. valia cases sheshi kaaranam 8x64mms chambering 8x60mms nekkaal mikacha baalistik prakadanam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. chila ishtaanusritha raifilukal mousar 98 upayogichum 9x57 emm mousarinaayi rechanber cheythum nirmmichu.
eee raifilukalude uddeshyam vettayaadalum kaayikavinodavum aayathinal, boult handle professionalaayi thaazhekku valanjirunnu, kramena valanja boult handle staanderdaayi maarukayum pazhaya strait stailine maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu (theerchayaayum athu ellaayppozhum anganeyaayirunnillengum). saadhaarana sainika kaazhchakalkk pakaram 100 meter kazhchayum 200 meter pinn kaazhchayil oru flip-apum sthaapichu. bainet laginu aavashyamaaya adhika dairkhyam ulppedaatha puthiyava sainika stokkukalkku pakaram vannu.
innu eee sporter raifilukal valare apoorvamaanu, 8x60mms, 8x64mms, 9x57mm mousar vediyundakal eathaandu kaalaharanappettathaan, kaaranam mattu chila cheria kambanikalkkoppam chila mukhyadharaa vedicope nirmmaathaakkalum avayude uthpaadanam thudarunnu. oru parivartthanam cheytha rifilil sariyaaya vedikkoppukal upayogikkumbol, 8x60mm s, 8x64mm s allengil 9x57mm mousar modified gever 98 valare shakthavum chelavukuranjathumaaya deerghadoora bigg-geyim rifleyirikkum.
koodaathe, yudhasamayathu sakhyasena trophikalaayi swanthamaakki amerikkayilekku konduvanna niravadhi gevehr 98 raifilukal 8 emm-06 wilde kyaatt vediyundakalaayi parivartthanam cheythu, yadhaartha 8x57 emm enna parishkkaranam 8x63 emm seey aayi chambering cheiyunnu. atharam parivartthanangal shradhaapoorvvam parishodhikkathe parishkkarikkappedaathu rifilil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyilla, koodaathe 8x57 emm cheria vedikkoppukal upayogichu vedivachaal valare apakadakaramaanu, kaaranam vediyunda cases neelamulla araykku anuyojyamaayi neelum, eee prakriyayil pottalumundakaam, ithu valare apakadakaramaaya uyarnna mardhamullah propellant vathaka chorchaykku kaaranamaakunnu. ennirunnaalum, cases pottiyal shoottaril ninnu vaathakam akattaan prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheythathaanu mousar emm 98 aakshan.
21-aamm noottaandil us aasthaanamaayulla kambani reinland arms emm1911 pisttal maagasinukal upayogichu mousar aakshanaayi. 45 acp parivartthana kittukal nirmmikkaan thudangi.
shotgan parivartthanangal.
palathum shotganukalaayi parivartthanam cheyyappettu, saadhaaranayaayi 12,16-gejukalilum, athupole chilath 20-gejilum. parivartthanam cheiyunnathil, rund pradhana locking lagukalum saadhaaranayaayi neekkam cheyyappettu. oru shell reserve cheyyaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi maasikayil maattam varuthi. pala adhikaarikalum eee thokkukal vedivaykkunnathu ozhivakkaan shupaarsha cheiyunnu, prathyekichu aadhunika maagnam shoat shellukal upayogichu.
weimer republic naasi germmaniyum.
jarmman saamraajyathinte pingamiyaaya weimer republic, onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu sheshamulla varshangalil raichswerinaayi avarude sheshikkunna gever 98 raifilukal update cheiyunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha oru paripadi nadappaakki. aadyakaala weimer suraksha senaykkoppam sevanathinu anuvadicha raifilukalil avarude reseiver ringle "1920" adayaalappeduthiyirunnu. weimer kaalaghattatthile gever 98-nte kooduthal apdettukalil palappozhum laang visiyar rear saittin pakaram staanderd carabiner 98keey-stail rear saitt ulppedunnu. oru taind boult handle, puthiya taanjant leaf saitt, carabiner 98 keey-stail side-moundu cheytha sling sisttam ulkkollunnathinayi stokkinte vashathukoodi muricha oru dwaaram ennivayulla jevu 98-ll palathum kaar 98 bii konfigareshanilekku parivartthanam cheythu, ennaal chila carabiner 98 bii puthiya bhaagangalil ninnu nirmmikkukayum cheythu. eee raifilukalil chilath randaam lokamahaayudhathil upayogichirunnuvenkilum kooduthalum randaam nira yoonittukalil upayogichirunnathinaal cheruthum mechappettathumaaya carabiner 98keey akkaalat staanderd issue rifilaayirunnu. gever 98, carabiner 98 bii enniva chilappol carabiner 98keey konfigareshanilekku punarnirmmichirunnu. 1924ll gever 98 mousar staanderd model raifilaayi vikasippichu.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmmankaar jarmman nirmmitha yugoslav model 1898 carbineukalum raifilukalum pidichedukkukayum avaykku "gever 298 (jeey)", "carabiner 492 (jeey)" enningane peridukayum cheythu. volkstarm" ("janangalude pourasena") gever 98, kaar 98eiii ennivayum upayogichu; avarude ellah mishrita aayudashekharangalil ninnum gever 98 orupakshe ettavum mikachathaayirunnu, kaaranam athu staanderd 7.92 × 57 emm roundukal upayogichu, koodaathe oru carabiner 98keey yill pariseelanam labhicha oraalkk rund raifilukaludeyum pravartthanangal onnuthanneyayathinaal eluppathil gever 98 lake marran kazhiyum.
1945 nuu sesham, chila muun jerman carabiner 98biye franch armi sarveesilekku kondupoyi, maas-36 raifilinte slinginte upayogamaayirunnu eaka maattam.
automan saamrajyam.
ottomaan saamrajyam 1903 leeii mousar model vaangi. 1903 leeii mousar oru parishkaricha pathippaya gever 98 aayirunnu. laang visiyar kaazhchaykk pakaram taanjant leaf kazhcha, nose cap lalithamaakki, rifilil pazhaya ottomaan emm1890 bionettukal gadippikkaan kazhiyum. vediyundakal maasikayilekku valicheriyumbol vediyunda clip thadayaan aayudhathinte boult stoppil valanja kaii undaayirunnu. jarmman vakabhedathekkaal valia reseaver neelamulla cocking kyaam, firing pinn ennivayum ithinu undaayirunnu. neenda thokku sweekarichathinushesham, 1905 nuu munbu 200,000 ennam labhichu. 1904 ll 406 maraine-geharukal automan naavikasenaykkum 7,617 ennam automan macedoniayile gendermeric kaimari. spitsar bullattukal vedivaykkaan parishkarichathum chilappol emm1910 ennariyappedunnathumaaya 1,100 ennam koodi 1910-ll oordar cheyyappettu. automan aachaarangalkkum avayil chilath labhichu. 1903num 1906num idayil 1905 carbine maathruka nirmikkappettu. 1908lum 1909lum 30,000 meter 1908 carbine vitharanam cheythu.
1903leeii maathruka itali-turkey yuddham, balcan yudhangal, onnaam lokamahaayudham, turkey swaathanthryasamaram ennivayil poraattam kandu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, eee aayudangalil bhooribhaagavum 7.92x57 emm mousar raundu vedivaykkaan parishkarichu. neelamulla raifilukalil palathum mousar model 1938 short raifilukalaayi naveekarichu. 1903, 1905 modalukal 1960kalil ippozhum sevanathilundaayirunnu, 1916-leeii waffenfabric oberndorff ulppaadanathinte bhooribhaagavum ulppede onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathum athinusheshavum ottoman saamraajyathin dhaaraalam gever 98 raifilukal nalki. eee raifilukalil palathum onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbum sheshavum republic oof turkey "emm38" staanderdilekku parivartthanam cheythu. innu eee raifilukal mattu turkish mousarukalkkoppam vadakke amerikkayilum vyaapakamaayi labhyamaan. mattu saadhaarana emm38-staanderd mousarukalkku purame oru muun-gehar 98 parayaan saadhaaranayaayi shradhaapoorvamaaya nireekshanam aavasyamaanu.
checoslovakia.
1918ll checoslovakia sthaapithamaayathinushesham avar netherlands pradeshathu nirayudharaaya jarmman sainikaril ninnu vangiya 57,000 gever 98 raifilukal (netherlands block ennu vilikkappedunna) netherlandsil ninnu vaangi. jever 98 parishodhicha sesham checoslovakia puska vs ennariyappedunna swantham mechappetta pathipp vikasippichu. 24 (raifil mooad. 24). 1924 muthal 1942 vare nirmmicha aaa raifil randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbum 1960 vare checoslovac senayude saadhaarana aayudhamaayi maari. ithu vaanijyaparamaayi vijayakaramaayirunnu-upayokthaakkalil romania, chaina, bolivia, turkey, jappan, spain, iraan (licensinu keezhil praadeshikamaayi uthppaadippikkappedunna), ecavador, brassil, litwania, yugoslavia; moonnaam lokamahaayudhathinu sesham israel, vadakkan vietnaam ennivayum mattu palathum).
spanish aabhyantharayudham.
spanish aabhyantharayudhathil eee raifil kurachu upayogichu, kooduthalum generalysimo francoyude desheeyavaadikaludeyum jarmman sannadhasenakaludeyum kaikalilaanu. eee raifilukalil bhooribhaagavum 1960kalil interaarmo vilakuranja sports raifilukalaayi amerikkayilekku vaangukayum kayattumathi cheyyukayum cheythu.
polandu.
randaam poolish republicinu jarmman saamraajyathil ninnu swaathanthryam labhichathinushesham muun dansigile samsthaana aayudhashekharathinte niyanthranam poolish sarkkaarin labhichu. puthiya poolish sainyathe sajjamaakkunnathinaayi oru samsthaana ayudhashala sthaapikkunnathinaayi upakaranangalum mesheen park warsoilek maatti. jarmman jii98 raifilukalum kaar98s carbineukalum nirmmikkunnathinayi mesheen paarkk sthaapichu. jii98-yude eathaandu maattamillaatha oru pathipp nirmmikkukayum, kaalaalppadayude upayogathinaayi "karabin wz.1898" ennu churukkipparayukayum "jii98" allengil "dablyu98" ennu adayaalappeduthukayum cheythu. 1921-ll jarmman kaar98aasinte oru poolish pathipp kuthirappadaykkaayi nirmikkappettu, athu "karabinek dablyu. isad" ennu amgeekarikkappettu. 1898 "churukkavum adayaalappeduthiyathumaaya" keey98 "oru sradheyamaaya vyathyaasamaan strength staking hook. theevramaaya mookk pottitheriyum flash ulppede eee carbinil prasnangal uyarnnuvannu. 1939-ll keey98 check vii. isadinte poolish pathippaya keey29-nuu anukoolamaayi ghattam ghattamayi neekkam cheythu. 24 eee carbine thripthikaramaayirunnilla. ithu keey98eyude vikasanathilekku nayichu.
israel.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham israel raashtram roopeekarikkappetta samayat, hagana avarkk kandethaan kazhiyunna eathenkilum europian srothassukalil ninnu ganyamaaya ennam carabiner 98keey raifilukal nedi. eee raifilukalil chilath gever 98 raifilukalaayi parivartthanam cheyyappettu, avaa saamraajyathva jarmman adayaalangal ozhike matellaa israeli mousarukalkkum samaanamaan. mattu israeli mousarukaleppole, eee raifilukalil bhooribhaagavum 7.62x51 emm naattoykk punarroopakalppana cheythu, aaa raundu 1958 ll israeli staanderdaayi sweekarichu.
noonn-jerman gever 98 derivateevukal.
mousar emm98 boult aakshan sisttathil ninnu allengil/allengil adisthaanamaakkiyulla niravadhi noonn-jerman milittari sarvees raifilukalum carbineukalum uruthirinjathaanu. ivayil chilath mousar ozhikeyulla vividha kararukar jarmman nirmmichavayaanu
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham jarmman saamraajyathinte thakarchayethudarnnu, mousar modalukal upayogichirunna pala raajyangalum mousar emm98 boult-aakshanil ninnu uruthirinjathum koodaathe/allengil adisthaanamaakkiyullathumaya swantham raifil designukal vikasippikkaano kootticherkkaano parishkkarikkaano theerumaanichu.
winchester model 54 umm pinneedu janapriyamaaya winchester model 70 umm mousar stail aakshane adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham mousar emm98 boult-aakshan samvidaanam yugoslavia upayogichukondu saastaava emm48 roopakalppana cheyyukayum spain efr8 roopakalppana cheyyukayum cheythu.