
uthara kannada

indian samsthaanamaaya karnaadakayile oru jillayaan uthara kannada. karnaadakayile oru pradhana theeradesha jilla karnaadakayile moonnaamathe valia jillayumaan ithu. vadakku gova, belagavi jillakalum kizhakk dharwad jilla haveri jilla thekk shivamoga jilla udupi jilla padinjaaru arabikkadalumaanu athirthikal.
jilla aasthaanamaaya carwar jillayile pradhana vaanijya kendrangalaaya kumtayum sirsiyumaanu.
jillayude kaarshika kalavastha divisionukalil theeradesha samathalavum (carwar, angola, kumta, honnavar, bhatkal thaalookkukal ulppedunnu) sirsi, siddhapur, yellapur, haliyal, joyda, mundgod thaalookkukal ulppedunna malenadu ulppedunnu.
charithram.
uthar kannada jillayil ninnulla aadyathe ariyappedunna rajavamsham banavasiyude chudukalaanu. 350 muthal 525 vare kadamba raajyathinte aasthaanamaayirunnu uthara kannada. avar banavaasikalil ninnaan bharichirunnathu. chaalukyar kadambakale keezhadakkiya sesham, chaalookyar, raashtrakoodar, hoysalakal, vijayanagar saamrajyam thudangiya saamraajyangalude thudarchayaaya bharanathin keezhilaayi jilla maari. morocan sanjaariyaaya ibnu bathootha hunnoorile nawat sultan jamal alle-dinte samrakshanathil kurachukaalam jillayil thaamasichathaayi parayappedunnu. honnavar pattanathilaanu nilavil hosapatnam ennariyappedunna eee sthalam sthithi cheiyunnathu. oru pazhaya palliyudeyum athinte minaarathinteyum avashishtangal ippozhum graamatthil kaanaan kazhiyum. 1750kalil maraatha saamraajyathinte bharanathin keezhilum pinneedu mysur saamraajyathinte bhagamaaya eee jilla 1799ll naalam mysur yudhathinte samaapanathil britteeshukaarkk vittukoduthu. thudakkathil madras presidencyil kanara jillayude bhaagamaayirunnu ithu. 1859ll jilla vadakkum thekkum kanara jillakalaayi vibhajikkapettu. oduvil britishukaar 1862ll uthara kannada jilla bombe presidensiyilekku maatti.
1947ll indiayude swaathanthryathinushesham bombe presidency bombe samsthaanamaayi punasamghadippikkappettu. 1956ll bombe samsthaanathinte thekkan bhagam mysur samsthaanavumaayi cherkkukayum 1972ll karnataka ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu.
charitrapraadhaanyamullathum manoharavumaaya sadashivgarh kotta ippol nadiyudeyum arabikkadalinteyum samgamasthaanathu nirmmicha kaali nadeethada paalathinadutthulla oru vinodasanjaara kendramaanu. 1882ll uthara kannada sandarshicha prashastha bangali kaviyum nobel sammana jethaavumaaya raveendranath tagor thante oormmakkurippukalude oru adhyayam muzhuvan eee pattanatthinu samarppichu. 22 kaaranaya raveendranath tagor uthaara kannadayile jilla jadjiyayirunna sahodaran satyendranath tagorinoppamaanu thaamasichathu. govayil porchugeesukaarkkethiraaya peedanam moolam kudiyeriyathinaal eee pradeshathu ganyamaaya alavil chardo kudumbangalundu.
porchugees.
chittakkula ennum sindpur ennum ariyappedunna sintakkora porchugeesukaaraayirunnu, chittakkula avarkk valare pazhaya thuramukhamaayi ariyappettirunnu. sadashivgarh kotta eee pradeshathu nirmmichappol gramavum aaa peril ariyapettu. shhaa karaamuddeente dargayude perilulla peer kotta 1510-ll porchugeesukaar pidichedukkukayum kathikkukayum cheythu. kaali nadiyude mukhathulla creak oru vyapara kendramaayirunnu, sadashivgarh nirmmikkappettathinum porchugeesukaar athinte abhaya thuramukhathinte gunangal manassilakkukayum cheythu.
britishukaar.
1638ll, oru ethiraaliyaaya engleesh vyapara samghadanayaaya courtein association uthara kannadayil (yadhaarthathil kaali nadiyude theerathu kizhakode sthithi cheiyunna katwad enna graamam) oru factory sthaapichu. arabiyil ninnum aafrikkayil ninnumulla vyapaarikal pathivayi sandarshikkunna oru vyapara thuramukhamaayirunnu ithu. baitkhol thuramukham (uthaara kannadayile nilavile sivil thuramukham) athinte prakrithidatha thuramukhathinu perukettathaayirunnu. baitkhol enna peru arabi padamaaya baith-iii-kooll ennaanu, athaayath surakshayude ulkkadal. muslin aayirunnu pradhana charakk, ennaal kurumulak, ealaykka, cassia, parukkan neela parutthi thuni ennivayude uravidam koodiyaayirunnu uthara kannada. indiayude padinjaaran theerathu govayude thekk-kizhakk 50 mile akale sthithi cheiyunna uthara kannada surakshithamaaya thuramukhathinu perukettathaayirunnu. 1649ll britiish eest india kambaniyumaayi courtein association aikyappedukayum uthara kannada oru kambani faaktariyaayi maarukayum cheythu.
mysur raajyam.
1784ll tippu sultan eest india kambaniyum thammil oppuvacha mangalapuram udambadiyil yathaakramam karwar ennum sadasevgude ennum ezhuthiya uthara kannada sadasivagadineyum paraamarsikkunnu.
bhatkal honnavar aayirunnu jillayile tippu sulthaante pradhana thuramukhangal.
britiish saamrajyam.
1862ll britishukaar kaarvaarine vadakkan canarayude jilla aasthaanamaakki. 1862 muthal bombe presidencyude keezhil vanna kaalam muthal, uthara kannada bombake kolamboyumidayilulla aadya nira thuramukhamaayi visheshippikkappettu.
maraatha saamrajyam.
ithu maraatha pradeshatthinte bhaagamaayi maari. 1950 vare bombe presidencyude bhaagamaayirunnu ithu.
bhoomishaasthravum kaalaavasthayum.
jillayiloode vadakku ninnu thekkott ozhukunna pashchimaghattamo sahyadri parvathanirayo aanu jillayude pradhana bhoomishaasthraparamaaya savisheshatha. sahyaadrikkum kadalinumidayil paayanghattu ennariyappedunna idungiya theerapradeshamundu, ithu veethiyil vyathyaasappedunnu. theeradesha samathalathin pinnil 60 muthal 100 meter vare uyaramulla paranna kunnukalum kunnukalkk pinnil sahyadri malanirakalum kodumudikalum undu. vishalamaaya decan peedabhoomiyude bhagamaaya baalaaghatt uyarnna pradesamaanu sahyaadrikk kizhakk. padinjaaru ninnu eerppam vahikkunna kaatt varunnu, theerathu vaarshika sharashari mazhayum sahyadri malancherivukalude padinjaaru abhimukeekarikkunna charivukalil pole uyarnna mazhayum labhikkunnu. shikharathinu kizhakk sahyadri mazhayude nizhalaanu, avaa prathivarsham labhikkunnathinekkaal kuravaanu. juun-septambar kaalavarshathilaanu mazhayude bhooribhaagavum labhikkunnath. naalu pradhana nadikal sahyadri kodumudiyil ninnu padinjarottu kadalilekku ozhukunnu; vadakku ninnu thekkott, avaa kaali, gangawali, aghanaashini, sharawati ennivayaanu. eee nadikal niravadhi vellachattangal undaakkunnu, aghanaashini nadhi 116 meter thaazhekku pathikkunnu, betty nadhi rund kuthichuchaattathode 180 meter thaazhekku pathikkunna magod vellachaattam, shivganga vellachaattam, sonda (shalmali) nadhi 74 meter thaazhekku pathikkunna sthalam, lalguli vellachaattam, mailman enniva kaali nadiyil pathikkunnu. thaazhnna pradeshangalil, eee nadikal theerathu ninnu niravadhi kilometerukal ulnaadan theerangalilekku vyaapichukidakkunna vishalamaaya azhimukhangal roopappeduthunnu.
paristhithi.
jillayile uyarnna mazha jillayude ekadesham 70 sathamaanavum ulkkollunna samriddhamaaya vanangale pinthunaykkunnu. malabar theerathe eerppamulla vanangalude paristhithi mekhala arabikkadalinteyum pashchimaghattatthinte thaazhvarakaludeyum idayil 250 meter uyarathil oru idungiya pradeshathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. eee vanangal eathaandu poornnamaayum krishiyilekkum thekku thottangalilekkum parivartthanam cheyyappettittund. vadakkupadinjaaran ghattangalile eerppamulla elapozhiyum vanangal 250 muthal 1000 meter vare uyarathil sahyaadrikale ulkkollunnu. varanda maasangalil niravadhi marangal elakal choriyunnu. 1000 meter uyarathil nithyaharithamaaya vadakkupadinjaaran ghatta malayora mazhakkaadukal sthithicheyyunnu. kaduva, karutha pullipuli, pullipuli poocha, gorr, eshyan aanaa, samber, pakshikaludeyum uragangaludeyum oru shreni ennivayude aavasa kendramaaya ardha nithyaharitha vanamaan dandelikkaduthulla anshi desheeyodyaanam samrakshikkunnath. kaali nadiyudeyum athinte poshakanadikalaaya kaaneriyudeyum naagajhaariyudeyum neerthadangalile ardha nithyaharitha, mulla vanangale dandeli vanyajeevi sanketham samrakshikkunnu. vrottante free-tailed baatt ("automops vrotoni") bhingarh vanyajeevi sankethathile vanangalil thaddesheeyamaanu.
maram muricano maycano amithamaayi upayogikkunnathinte falamaayundaakunna pulmedukaludeyum cheenjazhukunna kuttichedikaludeyum pradesamaanu eee jilla. thaazhnna pradeshangalude bhooribhaagavum krishikkaayi neekkam cheythittundu. kandalkkaadukal nadeemukhangalil kaanapedunnu, manal beechukalil "calophillum inophillum", thenga, scru pine ("pantanus") ennivayude thottangalundu. binaga, arga, belekeri, thadadi, gokarna, angola, kumta, dhareshwar, kasaragode, murdeshwar, bhatkal, belke ennividangalile paarakkettukalulla beechukal samudra janthujaalangalude vaividyathaal sambannamaanu. american jaali beach, bahrain jaali beach, naasttar beach, nakhuda beach, laitt house beach, rockie udmudi beach ennivayaanu bhatkalile beechukal. faila poriphera, selenteraatta, annelida, arthropoda, molusca, echinodermaatta ennivayilppetta akasherukkal uthara kannada jillayile paarakkettukalil vasikkunnu.
22 rajyangalil ninnulla deshaadana pakshikal ulppede 79 inam pakshikalude aavasa kendramaanu attiveri pakshisanketham.
gorr, kaduva, pullippulikal thudangiya mrugangalkkidayil nigoodamaaya karutha pullippulikalkk prashasthamaan dandeli vanyajeevi sanketham.
kavala guhakal avarodoppam. uyarnna prakrithidatha shivlingam, sinthari parakal enniva prakrithidatha guhakalum vellachattangalum, vincholi raapidukal, kaali nadiyude kazhcha nalkunna saikk pooyint, oru thookumara paalam ennivayaal chuttapetta oru uyarnna paarayaan eee vanyajeevi sankethathil sandarshikkenda sthalangal. samriddhamaaya vanathiloode trekking vazhi athicheraan kazhiyunna oru aakarshakamaaya sthalamaanu yaana. bhairaveshwarante oru shethravum ivideyundu.
dandeliyil ninnu kurachu akale sthithi cheiyunna anshi desheeyodyaanam aswasthamalla. siddhapooril ninnulla burud vellachaattam, unnalli vellachaattam, shivganga, sirsiyil ninnulla beehola vellachaattam, yellapuraykkaduthulla magod vellachaattam, satodi vellachaattam enniva uthara kannada jillayile ettavum mikacha prakrithidatha vellachattangalil chilathaanu. supa daam, kodasalli daam, cadra daam enningane niravadhi anakkettukal eee jillayilund. kaalii nadiyude (karnataka) theerathaanu kygayile aattomik energy steshan.
sambadghadana.
karwar sirsiyum pradhana sambhaavanakalulla uthara kannadayude motham aabhyanthara jilla uthppaadanam 530297 laksham kodi roopayaanu.sirsiyaanu jillayil ettavum uyarnna prathiseersha varumanam 54850, carwar 44326, bhatkal, haliyal ennivayaanu ettavum kuranjathu.
krishi.
mattu vilakalude vaividhyathodoppam nellum arekkayumaan jillayile pradhana vilakal. thengu, karimbu, coco, kashuvandi, maanga, vazhappazham, pinaple, garsinia, chakka, sapota enniva vrukshavilakalil ulppedunnu; pachakkarikalil ulli, radish, vellarikka, coliflower, madhurakkizhang, vazhuthananga (vazhuthana), amarant enniva ulppedunnu; sugandhavyanjanagalil kurumulak, ealaykka, inchi, jathikka enniva ulppedunnu. pashchimaghattatthinu kizhakkulla jillayude varanda bhagathaanu millattum parutthiyum krishi cheiyunnathu.
indiayude udaaravalkkaranathinu munbuthanne nilaninnirunna irakkumathi cheytha charakk vipanikalkku bhatkal ariyappedunnu.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
2011 leeii sensus prakaram, uthara kannadayile janasamkhya <aii. dii. 1> aanu, ithu ekadesham eswathini raajyathino american samsthaanamaaya havaico thulyamaanu. ithu indiayil (motham 640 ll) 346-aamm sthaanathaanu. jillayude janasandrata. eee dashakathile janasamkhyaa valarchaa nirakk 2001-2011 6.15% aayirunnu. 1000 purushanmaarkk 975 sthreekal enna lingaanupaathamaanu uthara kannadayilullathu. 29.janasamkhyayude 15 sathamaanam nagarapradesangalilaanu thaamasikkunnath. pattikajathi, pattikavarga gothrangal yathaakramam janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 2>, <aii. dii. 1> ennivayaanu.
matham.
1500kall muthal ivide oru catholica samooham nilanilkkunnundenkil janasamkhya pradhaanamaayum hindukkalaanu. bhatkal thaalookkil ganyamaaya nyoonapakshamaaya musleengal bhatkal nagaratthil bhooripakshamaanu. tibattan abhayaarthikalude oru cheria samooham mundgodil thaamasikkunnu.
bhasha.
eee jillayil samsaarikkunna pradhana bhasha kannadayaan, ithu 55.34% samsaarikkunnu. konkani <aii. dii. 1>%, <aii. dii. 2>% urudu, <aii. dii. 4> marathi, <aii. dii. 3> telung ennivayaanu mattu pradhana bhashakal. marathi samsarikkunnavar kooduthalum vadakku joyda, haliyal thaalookkukalilum konkani bhooribhaagavum carwar thaalookkilumaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, ennirunnaalum jillayiludaneelam ithu valare kuravaanu. bhatkalilum parisara pradeshangalilum nawat muslimkal samsaarikkunna oru konkani bhaashayaan nawati.
uthara kannadayile janasamkhyayude bahubhooripakshavum, konkani samsaarikkunna aalukal polum kannada manassilakkunnu; karwar thaalookkinte vadakku bhaagathulla sadashivgarh, baaval, majali thudangiya gramangal ithil ninnu ozhivaakkappettavayaan. govayude saameepyam kaaranam konkani prabalamayathinaal thaddesheeyaraaya janangalkk kannada manassilakunnilla. jillayil samsaarikkunna kannada bhaashaabhedangalil halakki gaudar samsaarikkunna achagannada allengil halakki kannada havyakar samsaarikkunna havigannada ulppedunnu.
saksharatha.
jillayil ekadesham 10.8 laksham aalukal saaksharathayullavaraanu, avaril ekadesham 5.8 laksham purushanmaarum 5 laksham sthreekalumaanu. uthara kannadayile saaksharata nirakk (6 vayassinu thaazheyulla kuttikale ozhivaakkiyirikkunnu) 84 sathamaanamaanu. janasamkhyayude 90 sathamaanavum purushanmaarum 78 sathamaanavum sthreekalum ivide saaksharathayullavaraanu. jillayile mothatthilulla saaksharata nirakk 7 sathamaanam vardhichu. purusha saksharatha 5 sathamaanavum sthree saksharatha 10 sathamaanavum vardhichu.
samskaaram.
indiayile karnataka samsthaanathu kooduthalum janapriyamaaya oru classical nritha naadakamaanu yakshaganam. keralatthile shimoga, udupi, dakshina kannada, kasaragod jillakal. samgeetham, pattukal, nritham, abhinayam, sambhashanam, katha, athulyamaaya vasthrangal enniva eee naadakakalayil ulppedunnu. pattukal indian shaasthreeya nritha roopangalumaayi valare saamyamulla susthaapitha thaalangalil urachunilkkumbol, kalakaaranmaarude kazhivine aashrayich abhinayavum sambhaashanangalum stejil swamedhayaa srishtikkappedunnu. classical, naadodi gadakangalude eee samyojanam yakshagaanathe mattethoru indian kalayil ninnum savisheshamaakkunnu. paashchaathyarude drishtiyil ithu oru ooppara roopamaayi kanakkakkappedum. parambaraagathamaayi, yakshaganangal ratri vaikiyaan aarambhikkunnath, ratri muzhuvan oodunnu. pashchaathala gaayikayaya bhagavathayaanu kathayude directory, koodaathe vediyile muzhuvan nadapadikalum niyanthrikkunnu. bagavathayum chande, maddale enniva vaayikkunna pashchaathala samgeethajnjarum chernnu himmela roopeekarikkunnu. varnnabhamaaya vasthrangal dharikkukayum kathayil vividha veshangal cheyyukayum cheiyunna abhinethaakkal mammela roopappeduthunnu. karnaadakayil niravadhi professional sainikarund. aadhunika chalachithra vyavasaayathil ninnum televisionil ninnum malsaram undaayirunnittum, eee sainikar ticket shhow krameekarikkukayum labham undaakkukayum cheiyunnu. ithinupurame, shree chittaani ramchandra hegde, kondadakkuli ramchandra hegde, gopal achari theerthahalli, ramesh bhandari muroor thudangiya prashastharaaya professional kalakaaranmaare kshanichu vyakthikal avarude graamatthil pradarshanangal samghadippikkukayum praadeshika prathibhakalkk ithihaasangalkkoppam abhinayikkaan avasaram nalkukayum cheiyunnu. yakshagaanathe chilappol kannadayilum khela (karwari konkani) konkani (kalii ennartham) yilum aadaa ennu vilikkunnu. yaksha-ganam ennaal aksharaarthatthil oru yakshante gaanam (ganam) ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu. purathana indiayile samskritha saahithyathil paraamarshichirikkunna oru videsha gothramaayirunnu yakshar. nawat purushanmaar avarkk savisheshamaaya lunkikal dharikkunnu.
saahityam
karkki venkataramanashastri suurii, graa. pandeshwar, gaurisha kaikkini, yashwant chitaala, bii. ennivar saahithyameghalaye prathinidheekarikkunnu.echu. sreedhara, shantinath desaayi, surangamundi, arvind nadakarni, sii. pii. gangavkar, krishnananda kamath, pii. sii. bhadu, sundara nadakarni, vii. jii bhatta, dinakara desaayi, vii. jii. shanagh, shamm.. krishnaraaya, gangadhar chitta, jii. jii. hegde, jii. ezz bhatta, jayanta kaikkini, niranjana vanalli, rajeeva ajjibala, vishnu nayik, shaantharam nayak hichakada, raamakrishna gundi enniva sambannamaakkiyittundu. niravadhi puthiya kavikalum ezhuthukaarum prateeksha nalkunnu. havayaka subodha (1885), karvara chandrika (1885), kuttikalude pathramaya hitopadesh (1888), saraswati (1900), vinodini (1904) enniva eee jillayile pathrangalil ulppedunnu. 1919ll kannada dhurinayil ninnulla kumadayum (1922) gokarnayude nadiniyum (1925) aanu aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu. surrender sandesham (1931), navachethana (1941), upakaranam (1949) enniva honnaavaril ninnu prasidheekarichu. malayavaani (1955) vaarshika pathram. 1956ll shirazi bhama maasa prasidheekarichu. 1957ll sirisena aayirunnu...
paachakareeti.
vividatharam kadalvibhavangalkk perukettathaanu uthara kannada. meane kariyum ariyumaanu pradeshavaasikalude pradhana bhakshanam. kasuvandiyum thengayum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu.
pradhana bhakshanathil oru pachakkari koodaathe/allengil kadalvibhavangalkoppam vevicha ariyude oru bhagam ulppedunnu. labhyatha eluppamaayathinaal kadalvibhavangal valareyadhikam janapriyamaan, koodaathe dhaaraalam praadeshika sugandhavyanjanagal upayogichu ithu thayyarakkunnu. chaaya ettavum janapriyamaaya paaneeyamaanu, chilappol oru prathyeka ruchi nalkunnathinu ealaykkayo mintoo cherkkunnu.
gathagatham.
pothugathagatham.
vadakkupadinjaaran karnataka transport korppareshan (enn. dablyu. keey. aarr. tii. sii) aanu jillayile samsthaana gathagatha ejansi. jillayile ellah pattanangalum graamangalum enn. dablyu. keey. aarr. tii. sii ulkkollunnu. graamangale jillayile pattanangalumayi bandhippikkunna pothugathaagathatthinte nalla shringalayundu. bangalore, mangalapuram, shimoga, mysur, hubli-dharwad, belgaum thudangiya pradhana nagarangalilekkum pattanangalilekkum samsthaanathinakathu pathivayi sarveesukal undu. ayal samsthaanamaaya govayile kadama transport basukal carvaaril ninnu mangalaapurilekkum gova samsthaanathinte ellah bhaagangalilekkum pathivayi sarvees nalkunnu. kumta, bhatkal, sirsi ennivayaanu pothugathaagathatthinte pradhana kendrangal, ithu jillaykkakathum samsthaanathinakathum 24 manikkoor sevanangal nalkunnu.
niravadhi swakaarya gathagatha basukalum jillayil ninnu anthar/anthar samsthaana sarveesukal nalkunnu. jillayile swakaarya gathaagathatthinte pradhana mekhalayaanu bhatkal. mumbaiykkaduthulla panveline kerala samsthaanavumaayi bandhippikkunna jillayiloode kadannupokunna enh-66, bombe, poona, kolapur, belgaum, panaji, margo, udupi, mangalapuram, bangalore, mysur, bhatkal, kasaragod, kannoor, kozhikode thudangiya sthalangalilekku antharsamsthaana sarveesukal nalkunna niravadhi swakaarya basukal eee haiveyil sarvees nadathunnu.
railway.
thaazhepparayunna railway eee jillayiloode kadannupokunnu
thuramukhangal.
karnataka samsthaanathinte theeradesha jillakalilonnaya uthara kannadaykku theerapradeshamullathinaal kadal vyapaaram, naavika thaavalam, malsyabandhanam, mattu samudra pravartthanangal ennivaykkaayi upayogikkunna niravadhi thuramukhangalundu.
nirddishta hubli-ankola railway line jillayile thuramukhangalude bhaavi vikasanathinu saadhyamaaya samrambhamayirikkum, charakk neekkathinaayi, nilavil roadukal maathramaan pradhana charakk gathagatha maarggam, ithu jillayile deseeya pathakalil tirakk undaakkunnu.
vinodasanjaara kendrangal.
vividha tharatthilulla aalukale aakarshikkunna niravadhi vinodasanjaara kendrangal uthara kannadayilundu. gokarna, murudeshwar, idagunchi, ulavi thudangi niravadhi mathaparamaya sthalangalundu. jillaykku (jilla) niravadhi beechukal undu, carwar, gokarna, ankolaykkaduthulla bhavikeri, moordeshwar, harawada, kumdaykkaduthulla cadley beach, handigon. uthaara kannada jillayilaan anshi desheeyodyaanam (kaali tiger reserve) sthithi cheiyunnathu. cadra, tattihallah, kodasalli, supa, bommanahalli ennividangalil kaali nadikku kuruke nirmmicha anakkettukalude kayalukal mazhakkaalathu manoharamaaya kazhchakal nalkunnu. uthar kannada jillayil sathodi, devkar, emme shirle, aribeyil, benne hole, yuu nchalli, burude, balepatte enningane niravadhi vellachaattangalund.

