samgharshaavasthayil akappettavarude

1850 augustil kaaliforniyayile sacramento sarkkarum (gwadaloop hidalgo udambadikku sesham pidichadakkiya oru asamghaditha pradesham) adhinivesha kudiyettakkaarum thammil joonn sutter eee pradeshathu niyanthrichirunna bhoomiyekkurichum sutteril ninnu avar ettedutha bhoomikk oohakkachavadakkaar nischayichirunna uyarnna vilayekkurichum nadanna oru kalapavum samghattanavumaayirunnu schwatezhs kalapam. 1848 leeii kaaliforniyayile swarnna thirakkinte anantharafalamaayirunnu schwatermaarude varavu; kodathikal pradeshathe schwatermarkethire niyamanadapadi sweekarikkaan thudangiyappol, schwatermar doow. chaals ell. robinson joseph maloney mayer hardin bigalovin sherief joseph mckinny velluvilikkukayum cheythu; samgharsham aathyanthikamayi pariharikkappedukayum athinte falamaayi saakramentoyile oohaapohangal avasaanikkukayum cheythu.
pashchaathalam.
1848ll aarambhicha california gold rush, joonn sutter esaarinte udamasthathayilulla oru somil svarnnathinte koottangal kandethiyathinethudarnn aayirakkanakkin swarnna anweshakare sacramento thaazhvara mekhalayilekku aakarshichu. kolomayil. vyapaaram sugamamakkunnathinaayi american, sacramento nadikalude samgamasthaanathu oru embercadero sthaapicha swarnna tirakk sattarine niraashappedutthi, addeham sattarinte puthiya helvettiyayil bisinus kaaryangalude tenderayi thante makane niyamichu. addehathinte makante thaalkkaalika pinthudarchayaanu sutterinu juuniyar nalkiyathu. thekk saan fraansiskoyil ninnulla saamuval brananotoppam addeham "sacramento sitti" ennu vilicha oru vaasasthalamaayi embercadero vikasippikkanulla shakthiyum avasaravum. ennirunnaalum, swarnna thirakkinoppamulla pracharanam sthirathaamasamaakkaan thudangiyathinu sheshavum, kudiyettakkaar sacramento nagaratthilekku neengunnathu thudarnnu, sacramentoyilum amerikkayilum athinte sthaanathu thudarnnundaaya vyaapaarathil akarshikkappettu.
aduthide kaaliforniyayilethiya kudiyettakkaar pradhana sthalangalil avakaashappedaatha bhoomi kandethaanum kaivashappeduthaanum budhimuttaanennu kandethi. kaaliforniyayile avakashappetta bhoomiyil, eee bhoomiyude vyathyastha alavilulla rekha ennooru aalukalkk undaayirunnu. thangalkk thamasikkaan soukaryapradamaaya sthalamillaathathinaal, nagaratthil thamasikkaan kazhiyaatha puthumukhangal vaasasthalathinu chuttum avakashappetta bhoomiyil irunnu. joonn sattarinte swathukkal sacramento mekhalayude bhooribhaagavum ulkkollunnathinaal, sacramento thaazhvaraykkulla meksikkan kaalaghattatthile avakaashavaadathinte avakaashathe vivaadaparamaaya schwatermar velluvilichu.
samgharshathinu munkaiyedukkuka.
1849 octoberil isad enna logarinethire phayal cheytha oru kesiloodeyaanu schwatermaare thudakkathil unarthiyathu. emm. purohitan, liie, kambani udamasthathayilulla bhoomi ennivayil sutter kottaykku sameepam oru maram cabin nirmmicha chapman. vaanijya sthaapanathinu bhoomiyude udamasthaavakaasham prakadippikkunna mathiyaya thelivukal shekharikkaan kazhiyaathappol, aadyam sattarinte graantukaleyum pinneedu nagaratthinte udamasthathayilulla ellah bhoomiyeyum chodyam cheythukondu chapman thante avakaashavaadam neetti. chaals ell. chaapmaante pravrithikal robinson amgeekarikkukayum mattoraalude swakaarya bhoomiyil svanthamaayi oru kudilukal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. kuthiyirunna kudiyettakkaar sacramento sitti settilmezhs oorganaiseshan samghadippichu; robinson grouppinte presidentaayi.
saamuval brannante neethrthwathilulla pradeshathe bhoovudamakal robinsante pravarthanangalkkethire samsaarikkukayum robinsante swath nasippikkaan anuvadikkunna oru rekha puratthirakkaan sacramento sitti kaunsiline bodhyappeduthukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, januvariyil undaaya oru valia vellapokkam samskaara nagaratthinte bhooribhaagavum nasippikkukayum nagara madhyabhaagathinu sameepamulla bhooribhaagam adhiniveshakkaareyum chitharikkidakkukayum cheythu. ithu thaalkkaalikamaayi prashnam pariharichu. vellapokkam avasaanikkukayum muun adhiniveshakkaarkk swarnam kuravaanennu manassilakkukayum cheythenkilum niravadhi muun adhiniveshakkaar swarnam thedi vadakkott playser khanikalilekku pooyi, noorukanakkinu perr nagaratthilekku madangi.
adhiniveshakkaarude avakashangal sarkkar amgeekarikkunnathine pinthunacha kudiyettakkaar 1850 leeii vasanthakaalath pothuyogangal samghadippikkaan thudangi, athil avar nerittaal avarude bhoomi samrakshikkumennu prathijnjayedutthu. oru "kramasamadhana association" roopeekarikkukayum sutteril ninnu vangiya bhoomikk uyarnna vila eedaakkiya oohakkachavadakkaare velluvilikkaan kramarahithamaya oru milishya samghadippikkukayum cheythu. oru koottam oohakkachavadakkaar oru schwater nirmmichathum schwater udamasthathayilullathumaaya veli polichathinetthudarnnu nagaratthil samgharsham vardhikkaan thudangi.
1850 meyy maasathil sacramento kaundiyile puthuthayi thiranjedukkappetta jadjiyude peru iii. jeey. vilis, joonn tii enna oru skvaattarkkethire kuttam chumatthi. niyamavirudhamaaya adhiniveshathil bhraanthan. august august kodathi maadanethire vidhi prasthaavichappol, nagaratthiludaneelam vitharanam cheythirunna kaippusthakangalil "krooramaaya shakti" prayogichu oohaapohakarkkethire anukambayulla kudiyettakkaar kuttam chumatthi. adhiniveshakkaar doow. chaals ell. prasthaanatthinte "yadhaartha" nethaavaaya robinson, bhaaviyile "sacramento bee" edittar jaims maklachiyumaayi chernnu "settilmers aandu minors tribune" kandethi, ithu nagaratthilekkulla puthiya kudiyettatthe adichamarthiya bhookuthakaye aakramichu. sainika nadapadi aavashyamaanenkil adhiniveshakkaarude oru kambaniyude thalavanayi addeham joseph maloney niyamichu. oru divasam koodi samadhaanam nilanirthunnathinaayi, robinsonumaayi chernnavarkkethire arast rittukal purappeduvikkillenn mayer hardin bigelo vaagdaanam cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, adutha divasam august 13 nuu, joonn tii. aaa lokkeshan ritt oof ritter oof ritter puratthirakki. vichaaranaykk munbu madden oru skvaattaraayi thaamasichirunnu; retistation rittil jaims maklachiyum richard morren enna mattoru swatantra mannu abhibhashakanum undaayirunnu. ritt nadappakkaanulla shereefinte theerumaanathe ethirtha mattullavarkoppam, nagaratthile jayil brigade aaya "laa granch" aayi pravarthicha kappalil mcclachy moranum jaililaayi. august 14 nuu, maloney robinson ekadesham nalpatho ambatho sainika senaye aninirathi, sarkkar kandukettalil ninnu bhraanthan vasathi mochippikkukayenna uddeshyathode dauntaun saakramentoyiloode march cheythu; ennirunnaalum, hardin bigelo avar mcchiyeyum moran mochippikkunnathinaayi "laa granchilekku" march cheiyukayaanennu vishwasikkukayum oru sainika senaye aninirathukayum cheythu. oru samboornna prakshobhatthe bhayann, biglo thante saha kudiyettakkaarodoppam march cheyyukayum naalaamatheyum jeey. yudeyum theruvukalude moolayil malania robinson neridukayum cheythu.
poraattangal.
praadeshika "placer times" yuddham rekhappeduthunnathinaayi pravarthichuvenkilum, inipparayunna pooraattatthinte vishadaamshangal vyakthamalla. dauntaun saakramentoyile ettumuttalil, hardin bigelo aadyam squatermarode nilkkanum kaikal upekshikkanum utharavittu; pakaram vedivayppu aarambhichu. hardin bigeloic gurutharamaayi parikkelkkukayum chaals robinson parikkelkkukayum cheythu. sitti assesser jeey. dablyu. wood land, joseph maloney, jessy morgan enna oru schwater, rund saadhaaranakkaar ennivar kollappettu.
akkaalat sacramento sitti kaunsilinte thalavanaayirunna general albert maavar winn, nagaratthilekku 500 milittiyanmarodu utharavidukayum prashnam pariharikkunnathuvare sainika niyamam prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. athesamayam, biglo thante murivukalil ninnu karakayarumbol, joseph mckinny irupathu peradangunna oru samghathe nayikkukayum saakramentoyude kizhakk bhaagathulla braittanile oru skvaattar camp akramikkukayum cheythu. mckinny moonnu schwatermaarum kollappettengilum samgharsham avasaanichu.
anantharafalangal.
hardin bigeloic mayer enna nilayil thante chumathalakal punaraarambhikkaan kazhinjilla, sukham prapikkaan thekk saan franciscoilekku pooyi. addehathinu pakaram kooman kaunsilinte presidentaaya demassine niyamichu. chaals robinson, kolapaathakathinu vichaarana cheyyappettenkilum, saakramentoyile janangalkkidayil angeyattam janapriyanaayi thudarnnu, jayililayirikke california samsthaana niyamasabhayilekku thiranjedukkappettu, anuyaayikal baalattil addehathinte peru ittathinethudarnnu. kansas samsthaanathinte aadya govarnoraayum robinson maari. schwatezhs kalapam avasaanichu rund divasathinu sesham maklachiyum moranum "laa granchil" ninnu mochitharaayi, skvaattezhsine nadapadiyilekku nayicha oohaapohangal aprathyakshamaakaan thudangi, ennirunnaalum federal sarkkar sattarinte pree-american graant uyarthippidikkaanum schwatezhs niyamayuddham nashtappedutthaanum sammathichu.

