kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp

kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp (gutt-oonn-eiii-chipp, miinii-intestin) yadhaartha avayavathinte microfluidic bio enchiniyaring 3D-modalukalaanu, ithu parambaraagatha 3D kudal organoid kalcharinekkaal shaareerika savisheshathakale nannayi anukarikkunnu. palatharam kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp maathrkakal vikasippikkukayum parishkarikkukayum cheythittundu, avayellaam avarude vyakthigatha shakthiyum daurbalyangalum nilanirthukayum eee samvidaanangale marunnu parisodhanaykkum vyakthigathamakkiya vaidyashaasthrathinum vishwasaneeyamaaya uyarnna-throoput plaattfomukalaayi sthaapikkuka enna aathyanthika lakshyathilekku koottaayi valia vaagdaanam nalkukayum cheiyunnu. poshaka dahanavum agiranam cheyyalum, hormon sravam, rogaprathirodha prakriyakal muthal neuronal pravartthanam vare vaividhyamaarnna supradhana jolikal cheiyunna valare sankeernamaaya oru avayava samvidaanamaanu kudalukal, ithu inn vitro model cheiyunnathu prathyekichum velluvili niranjathaakkunnu.
parambaraagatha kudal modalukal.
parambaraagatha kudal maathrkakal, athaayath amarthyamaaya kosharekhakalude parambaraagatha parambaraagatha sell kalchar (udha.jii. caco 2 allengil echu. tii. 29), transwell kalcharukal, using chembarukal, everted gutt saakkukal enniva kudalile mikacha (patho-) shaareerika prakriyakal manasilakkaan vyaapakamaayi upayogichittundu. ennirunnaalum, atharam lalithamaaya maathrkakal upayogichu pala kudal pravartthanangalum punarnirmmikkaanum padikkaanum prayaasamaan. athinaal, eee samvidaanangalude vivarthanaparavum pareekshanathmakavumaaya moolyam parimithamaanu.
2009ll, kudal koshangalude inn vitro modelingil kudal oorganoyidukalude vikasanam oru naazhikakkallayi. kudal stem cellukal swamedhayaa kudal eppitheeliyathinte swabhaavasavisheshathayulla kriptt-villas vaasthuvidya prathinidheekarikkunna purammukhamulla mukulangalulla oru adanja, sistik miinii-tissuek kaaranamakunnathinaal kudal oorganooyidukal inn vivo stem sell nichine anukarikkunnu. kudal oorganoyidukalil kudal eppitheeliyathinte ellah vyathyastha tharam koshangalum adangiyirikkaam, udha.jii. entosaittukal, goblettu koshangal, paneth koshangal, entoendocrine koshangal. tissue vaasthuvidyayudeyum kosha-tharam gadanayudeyum krithyamaaya praathinidhyathodoppam, oorganooyidukal thaddesheeya tissuevumaayi pradhana pravarthanaparamaaya samaanathakalum prakadippikkunnuvennu theliyikkappettittund. koodaathe, samskaarathile avayude deerghakaala sthiratha, aarogyakaravum rogaparavumaaya uthbhavathil ninnulla uthbhavam, janithaka krithrimathva saadhyathakal enniva kudal oorganooyidukale pravarthanaparamaaya padanangalkkum roga modelingin oru vediyaayi valia vyaapana upayogathinu upayogapradavum ennaal lalithavumaaya maathrkayaakkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, niravadhi parimithikal kudal maathruka enna nilayil avayude upayogathe parimithappedutthunnu. onnamathaayi, oorganoyidukalude adacha sistik ghadana avayude aantharika (appikkal) uparithalathe axus cheyyaan kazhiyaathathaakkukayum appikkal, basolattaral vashangalude prathyeka chikitsa nadathukayum cheiyunnu-angane gathagatha padanangal valare budhimuttullathaanu. koodaathe, eee adanja sistik ghadana soochippikkunnathu kudal oorganooyidukal avayude lumenil chitharikkidakkunna mrithakoshangal shekharikkukayum oorganoyidukalil speshyal strain undaakkukayum cheiyunnu, angane mechanical thadassavum passaging thadassappeduthaathe deerghakaalathekku aswasthathayillaatha organoid kalcharine thadassappeduthunnu. koodaathe, kudal organoid samskaarangal avayude 3D kalchar parithasthithiyil single oorganooyidukal thammilulla valippangal, roopangal, roopaghadana, praadeshikavalkkaranangal ennivayil ninnu budhimuttunnu.
kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp modalukal.
oorganooyidukale saadhaaranayaayi miniyechar oorgans ennu vilikkunnundenkilum, avayavam-thalatthilulla sankeernnatha anukarikkunnathin avaykku supradhana savisheshathakal illa. ekkaaranathaal, organoid parimithikale marikadakkunna bio fabricated upakaranangal vikasippicheduthittundu. koshangalile rakthachamkramanathinte pravartthanatthe anukarikkunna perfusion praapthamaakkunnathinaal, prathyekichu microfluidic upakaranagalkk avayavangalude inn vitro modalukalude plaattfomukalaayi valia saadhyathakalund. draavaka pravaahathinu purame, mattu kalchar paaraamettarukal kudalil-oonn-eiii-chipp upakaranagalil ulppeduthiyittundu, vasthuvidyaa soochanakal, mechanical stimuleshan, ooksijan gradiantukal, mattu kosha janasamkhyayumaayum microbiota saha-samskaarangal ennivayulppede, yadhaartha avayavathinte shaareerika swabhaavam kooduthal krithyamaayi pradarshippikkunnathin.
microfluidics.
parambaraagatha staatik sell kalcharinu vipareethamaayi, microfluidic upakaranagalil, draavaka pravaahangal srishtikkaan kazhiyum, ithu physiological draavaka pravaaha paattenukale aduthu anukarikkunnu. draavakathinte ozhukk koshangalude uparithalangalil physiological shear stress avatharippikkukayum poshakangaludeyum valarchaa gadakangaludeyum appikkal delivari avatharippikkukayum raasa gradiantukal sthaapikkaan praapthamaakkukayum cheiyunnu.jii. sariyaaya avayava vikasanathinu athyanthaapekshithamaaya valarchaa gadakangal. mothatthil, microfluidic upakaranangal avayava-nirddishta microenvionmentinte niyanthranam vardhippikkunnu, ithu kooduthal krithyamaaya modalukalkk anuvadikkunnu.
peristaaltik pambukal, syrinch pambukal, presher janarettarukal, hydrostatic mardhavum guruthwaakarshanavum nayikkunna pumpless sisttangal ennivayulppede kudalil microfluidic ozhukk avatharippikkan vividha saankethikavidyakal upayogichittundu. guruthwaakarshanathil pravartthikkunna microfluidic kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp upakaranathinte oru udaaharanamaanu mimettakalude oorgaanooplett plaattphom, ithu byooriveju muthalaayavar koshajwalana malavisarjana rogathinulla oru roga maathrkayaayi upayogikkunnu.
mechanical uthejanam.
bhroonavikasanathinte aadyaghattangal muthal prasavaananthara jeevitam vare, kudal nirantharam vaividhyamaarnna mechanical shakthikalude swaadheenathilaanu. kudalinte ulladakkathinte swamedhayaa ullathum chakrikavumaaya propulsion, peristaalsis, dahana prakriyayude oru pradhana bhagamaanu. ithu bhakshya dahanam, poshakangal agiranam cheyyal, kudal shoonyatha enniva oru macro skailil sugamamakkukayum kudal eppitheeliyathil shear stress, radial marddam enniva micro skailil prayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. prathyekichum, kudal valarchayeyum homeostasisineyum swaadheenikkunna mechanical gadakangalaaya kudal looping, villi roopeekaranam, kriptt localisation ennivaye swaadheenikkunnathaayi kaanichu. koodaathe, manushya kudalile mechanical uthejakangalude vittumaaraatha abhavam kudal rogaavasthayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
peristalsis, microfluidic phloo ennivayude roopathilulla mechanical uthejakangal samyojippichu upayogikkunna oru pradhana udaaharanam kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp samvidaanamaanu. eee samvidaanathil oru dvimukha central sell kalchar microchannel adangiyirikkunnu, ithu oru sushiramulla, extra sellular matricks-coated, pii. dii. emm. ezz membron upayogichu verthirikkunnu, ithu mukalilum thaazheyumulla microchanalile rund vyathyastha sell poppuleshanukalude prathyeka kalchar anuvadikkunnu. madhya araykku samaantharamaayi pravartthikkunna rund vaakvam arakalaal chuttappettirikkunnu. vaakvam prayogikkunnathu peristaaltik chalanathe anukarikkunnathin chaanalukale verthirikkunna sushira stharathinte chaakrika ekadishayilulla vipuleekaranathe anuvadikkunnu.
vasthuvidyaa soochanakal.
parambaraagatha organoid kalcharilennapole, oru tissuevinte micro anaattamiyude mikacha praathinidhyathinu oru moonnaam kalchar maanam avatharippikkunnath nirnaayakamaan. kazhiyum sell kalcharukal kooduthal shaareerikamaayi prasakthamaaya biochemical, mechanical soochanakal nadappilakkunnathinaal, kazhiyum kalcharukal saadhaaranayaayi mikacha sell pravarthanakshamathayum kooduthal physiological transcriptomum proteom nedunnu. koodaathe, tissue homeostasis prakriyakalaaya vyaapanam, deferentiation, sell deth enniva kooduthal shaareerika reethiyil prathinidheekarikkunnu. sell kalcharukalude 3D pinthuna saadhaaranayaayi hydrojalukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, avaa thaddesheeya extra sellular maatriksine anukarikkunnu. koshangal onnukil hydrojalukalil ulcherkkaano allengil munkootty nirvachicha micro enchiniyaring hydrojal uparithalathil valarthaano kazhiyum. kazhiyum kudal samvidaanangalkku ettavum saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna hydrojal mouse sarcomayil ninnulla layikkunna basement membran sathil ninnulla matrigale aanu. ennirunnaalum, senogenic uthbhavam, baath-tuu-baachu vyathiyaanam, uyarnna chelavu, moshamaayi nirvachikkapetta ghadana enniva polulla pradhana poraaymakal matrigalinu undu. eee gadakangal klinikkal vivarthanathe thadassappeduthunnathinaal, fibrin, kolajan, hyluronic assid, pegg adisthaanamaakkiyulla synthetic hydrojalukal ennivayulppede 3 dii kudal modalukalil mattu hydrojalukal kooduthalaayi upayogikkunnu.
tissue enchineeyaringil, micro fabrication teknikkukalkku nirnaayaka praadhaanyamund, prathyekichu tissue microenvionmentinte modelingil. microfluidic upakaranam thanne roopakalppana cheiyunnathinum kettippadukkunnathinum purame, thaddesheeya tissue topographiode saamyamulla sell kalchar uparithalangalude paattening anuvadikkunna 3D microstructure srishtikkunnathinum micro fabrication teknikkukal upayogikkunnu.iii. kriptt-villas-axis.
nikkolev muthalaayavarude hoomiyoostatik miinii-kudalaanu vasthuvidyaa soochanakale aasrayikkunna kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp samvidaanathinte oru pradhana udaaharanam. avar hydrojal chembarulla micro fabricated kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp upakaranangal upayogikkunnu. kolajan-matrijal-mixes hydrojal lazer-ablated aanu, ithu kriptt gadanakalulla oru tubular kudal lumeninaayi oru micro chaanal srishtikkunnu. eee upakaranathile kudal stem cellukalude samskaaram avayude svayam-samghadanaye kriptt-villas domainukalude physiological speshyal krameekaranathode oru pravarthanaparamaaya eppitheeliyamaayi maattunnu. eee cheria kudal deerghakaala samskaaram anuvadikkukayum mattu 3D modalukalil saadhaaranayaayi kaanappedaattha apoorva kudal kosha tharangalkk kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp modalukalude vaasthuvidhyaaparamaayi nayikkappedunna morphogenesisinte mattoru udaaharanam jiorevsky mattullavarum prasidheekaricha uparithala paattening teknikkukalaanu, kudal organoid jyamiti, valuppam, kosha vitharanam enniva punarnirmmikkunnathinaayin hydrojal uparithalangal paatten cheiyunnathinaayi avar micro fabricated upakaranangal vikasippichu.
baahyamaayi guided cheytha morphogenesis ulla kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp samvidaanangal signalling gradiantukalude speshyal, temporal niyanthranam praapthamaakkunnuvennum kudal morphogenesis, stem sell attakuttappani, kriptt dynamics, epithelial regeneration enniva vishadamaayi padikkaan oru vedhi nalkumennum eee udaaharanagal kaanikkunnu.
sahasamskaaram.
aarogyakaramaya kudalinu vaividhyamaarnna pravarthanangalundu, avaa niravettunnathinu vividha tharam koshangal aavasyamaanu. praadhamika kudal pravarthanamaaya poshakangalude agiranam kudal epitheeliyavum rakthavum lymph endothelial koshangalum thammilulla adutha sanbarkkam aavasyamaanu. koodaathe, bhakshanathinte dahanathil kudal microbiota nirnaayaka punk vahikkunnu, ithu vishwasaneeyamaaya rogaprathirodha prathirodhatthe anivaryamaakkunnu. koodaathe, peshikalum naadi koshangalum peristalsisum samthrupthi niyanthrikkunnu. avasaanamaayi, messenkymal koshangal kudal stem sell sthaanathinte avashya gadakangalaanu, kaaranam avaa shaareerika pinthuna nalkukayum valarchaa gadakangal sravikkukayum cheiyunnu. athinaal, kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp sisttangalil vividha tharam koshangal ulppeduthunnathu kudal pravartthanangalude vividha vashangal vendathra maathrkayaakkunnathinu pradhaanamaan.
kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp sisttangalile kudal epitheeliyavum microbiota sahavardhippikkunnathinu aadya nadapadikal sweekarichu. kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp samvidaanam upayogichu kudal shigella flexnerry anubaadhaykk oru inn vitro model sthaapikkuka allengil aerobic, vaayurahita enangalulla sankeernamaaya malam-uruthirinja microbiota janasamkhyayude vinodam ennivayaanu udaaharanagal. athupole, peripheral blud mono nuclear cellukal, monocytukal, macrophageukal allengil neutrophils ennivayumaayi kudal eppitheeliyathe sahavardhippichukondu kudal-oonn-eiii-chipp sisttangalil rogaprathirodhasheshiyulla kudal epithelium punarnirmikkaan gaveshakar shramichu. koodaathe, endothelial monolayerukalum kudal epitheeliyavum oru sushira stharathinte ethirvashangalil valarthunnathiloode epithelial-endothelial interface niravadhi vyathyastha samvidaanangalil maathrkayaakkiyittundu.
kudal koshangale mattu kosha tharangalumayi sahavardhippikkunnathinu, kudal eppitheeliyathinte koshasankhyayum uyarnna prasakthiyullathaanu. lalithamaaya chila sameepanagal amarthyamaaya kosharekhakale kudal eppitheeliyathinte kosha srotassaayi upayogikkumbol, organoidil ninnu uruthirinja kudal stem cellukalude upayogathilekku oru maattam undu, ithu kudal epitheeliyayude roopeekaranam kooduthal physiological sell tharam gadanayode anuvadikkunnu.

