
shang gavo

aupachaarikamaayi pingyuwan rajakumaaranaayirunna shang gavo (764-ll antharichu), aupachaarikamaayi pingyuwan rajakumaran, tang raajavamshathinte kaalath jeevichirunna oru chainees samgeethajnjanum raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu. susong chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu addeham chansalaraayi sevanamanushtichu. addeham thante moorchayulla nirddeshangalkku perukettirunnu, athu oduvil addehathe chansalar sthaanathuninnu neekkam cheiyunnathilekku nayichu.
pashchaathalam.
shang gavo eppozhaanu janichathennu ariyilla, pakshe addehathinte kudumbam boow prefecturil ninnullavaraanennu ariyappedunnu (rho, ekadesham aadhunika liavocheng, shandong). addehathinte muthumuthachan shang shanchian (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ shang gavo sundaran abhilaashamullavanumaayirunnum addeham palappozhum sainika, bharanakooda kaaryangalekkurichu samsaarichirunnuvennum parayappedunnu. addeham kanfyooshyan klaasikkukal padichathaayum ennaal mathsyabandhanathilum vettayaadalilum muzhukiyirunnuvennum parayappedunnu. cheruppatthil addeham tang raajavamshathile pandithanum audyogika vuu jinginte keezhil padikkukayum vuu addehathe bahumanikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu, shang gavo taanginte thalasthaanamaaya chaangaanilekku yaatra cheythappol, addeham oru ottamuriyilaan thaamasichirunnathu, mattullavarumayi adhikam bandhamundaayirunnilla. ennirunnaalum, addeham kudikkaan ishtappedukayum gookin kalikkukayum cheythu. kodathiyile manyaraaya aalukal addehathe virunnilekku kshanichaal, madyapikkuka enna eaka uddeshyathinaayirikkum addeham pogunnathu.
suwansong chakravartthiyude "tianbavo" kaalaghattatthinte (742-756) avasaanathode, chansalar yang guyoshong kazhivulla purushanmaare thante staafil nilanirthaan aagrahichu. addeham shaangine vilichuvaruthi, addehathe kandathin sesham, shaangine sarkkar examination beuroyile (<unk>, "menxia sheng") oru thaazhnna thalatthilulla udyogasthanaaya "suvo shiyi" (<unk>) aakaan shupaarsha cheythu. 755-ll oru general lushan kalapam nadathukayum svanthamaayi yaan samsthaanam sthaapikkukayum cheythathinushesham, yang palappozhum sainika kaaryangalil shaangumaayi koodiyaalochichu, shaanginteyum mattoru upadeshtaavu siavo sinninteyum shupaarsha prakaaramaan yang mattoru audyogikanaaya laay tian (<unk>) enna generaline niyamichathu, koodaathe laay yaan senaykkethire chila vijayangal aasvadichu. 756-leeii venalkkaalath yaan sainyam chaangaane sameepichu, ithu shuwansong chakravarty chengduvilekku palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhithanaakki. shang shuwansong chakravarty chengduvilekku kaalnadayaayi pinthudarnnu.
suzong chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu.
ennirunnaalum, suwansong chakravartthiyude makan kireedaavakaashiyumaaya lii heng addehathe pinthudarnnu chengduvilekku poyathalla, pakaram linguvilekku palayanam cheythu, avide addehathe chakravarthiyaayi (taangile susong chakravarthiyaayi) prakhyaapichu. vaartha suwansong chakravartthiyilethiyappol addeham susong chakravarty chakravarthiyaayi amgeekarikkukayum "taishang huwang" (viramicha chakravarty) enna padavi sweekarikkukayum cheythu. susong chakravarty sandarshikkaan addeham saang gavo ulppede niravadhi udyogasthare ayachu, 757-ll saang fengjiyaangile (aadhunika bavoji, shanxi) susong chakravartthiyude thaalkkaalika kottaaratthiletthi. saanginte nirddeshangalil susong chakravarty mathippulavaakkiyathinaal addeham pareeksha beuroyile kansalttantaaya saang "jiani daifu" (<unk> δεοv) yeei niyamichu. taamasiyaathe addeham shaangine legislative beuroyude deputy medaaviyaaya "songshu shilang" (χιν χιλαντερις χιλαντερις χιν χιλαντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντερις χιντεριντερις χιντεριντερις χιντερ akkaalat, suzong chakravarty noorukanakkinu buddha sanyaasimaare ravum pakalum soothrangal paarayanam cheiyunnathinaayi nilanirtthi, daivika preethi nedaamenna pratheekshayil, avarude shabdangal thaalkkaalika kottaarathinakatthum puratthum vahichu. eee sambradaayam avasaanippikkaan aagrahicha shang, susong chakravarthiyumaayi samsaarichu
susong chakravarty addehathinte vaakkukalodu yojikkunnuvennu parayappedunnu, ennaal charitraparamaaya vivaranagal eee sambradaayam avasaanicho ennu soochippikkunnilla. athesamayam, sivilian, sainika kaaryangalil shanginu kazhivundennu susong chakravarty vishwasichathinaal, taamasiyaathe addeham shaangine henan sarkyoottinte (<unk>, ekadesham aadhunika henan, shandong) sainika govarnor ("jeedushi") mekhalayile senayude commander aakki, hellan jinminginu (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>) pakaram. akkaalat, general shang shoonum thaan prathirodhikkunna nagaramaya suyang kanatha uparodhathilaayirunnuvennu shanginu ariyamaayirunnu, athinaal suyangine rakshikkaan sramikkaan addeham thante sainyathe eratti vegathayil march cheyyaan shramichu. athine rakshikkaan sramikkaan suyangine ariyikkaanum addeham mekhalayile generalmarode utharavittu, ennaal addeham pradeshathu athiyappozhekkum suyang ithinakam veenu, yaan general yinn sikvi (<unk>) saang shoonine vadhichu. deshyathil, thante utharavu anusarikkaathathum suyangine rakshikkaan visammathichathumaya janaralukaliloralaaya lukhiyu shiavo shang gavo vilichuvaruthukayum lukhiyuye vadikondu vadikkukayum cheythu. thudarnnu, oru samyuktha tangum huige sena taanginte kizhakkan thalasthaanamaaya luvoyang (sainyam neratthe changan thirichupidichirunnu) thirichupidichathinusham, shang addehathinte neethrthwathil anchu sainika gavarnarmaarum, luu jiong (<unk>), laay tian, vuu rajakumaran lii shhii (<unk>), lii siye, lii huwan (<unk>) ennivar henan, hedong (<unk>, i) ennivayiludaneelamulla kamaandarimaare thirichupidichu.iii.yaan janaralmaraya neng yuvanhavoyum gavo siuyan (<unk>) nadatthiya rund kamaandarikal ozhike, aadhunika shangsi) pradesham. addeham nanyaamginte prabhuvayi srishtikkappettu.
athesamayam, tang sainyam oru lushante makaneyum pingamiyaaya oru kwinksuvineyum yechengil uparodhikkukayum uparodham thudarukayum avasaanathe pradhana yaan generalaya shhii simingine thante fanyang (aadhunika baijingle) thante sthaanamaaya tanginu samarppikkukayum cheythathode raajyam udan samaadhaanaparamaayirikkumenna thonni. ennirunnaalum, shhii samayam vaanguka maathramaan cheiyunnathennum taamasiyaathe svayam kalapam nadathumennum vishwasicha shang shiye vishwasichilla; athinaal shiyumaayi bandhappett angeyattam jagrata palikkaan addeham susong chakravarty upadeshichu. mattoru tang generalaya suu shuji addeham avishwasikkukayum susong chakravarty shuvine thalasthaanathekku thirichuvilikkaan nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, shiye shuvin kaanaan ayacha shandanmaarude reportukal susong chakravarty vishwasichu, athu shiyum shuvum vishwasaneeyamaanennu prasthaavichu. 758 leeii vasanthakaalath, susong chakravarty shaangine chansalar, sainika govarnor ennee thante sthaanangalil ninnu neekkam cheythu, pakaram athine prathirodhikkaan jing prefecturilekku (ekadesham aadhunika jingshou, hube) ayachu. (ennirunnaalum, shhii taamasiyaathe kalapam nadathukayum shiyude sainyam shuvinethire chila praadhamika vijayangal nedukayum cheythappol shaanginte munnariyippukal munkaruthal aanennu thelinju, shuu addehathinu keezhadangi.) susong chakravartthiyude kireedavakashi lii yuu, examination beuroyile unnathala upadeshtaavaaya "suvo sanky changshi" (<unk>) ennivarude staafil sevanamanushtichirunna shaangine taamasiyaathe thirichuvilichu. ennirunnaalum, 761-ll, susong chakravartthiyude cussin lii sene (liie) kii chakravartthiyude rajakumaaranaakkaanulla oru goodaalochanaykku sesham, saang munbu lii senil ninnu oru bhavanam vaangiyathinal, addehathe lii senninte koottaaliyaayi kanakkakki. angane sensus offeesaraayi sevanamanushtikkunnathinayi susong chakravarty addehathe chenn prefecturilekku (ekadesham aadhunika huwaihuwa, hunan) naadukadatthi.
dysong chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu.
762ll susong chakravarty marikkukayum lii yuu addehathinte pingamiyaavukayum cheythu (dysong chakravarthiyaayi). susong chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu sikshikkappetta niravadhi udyogastharkku dysong chakravarty mapp nalkukayum shang gavo phu prefecturinte prefectaayi (ekadesham aadhunika fusho, jiangsi) maattukayum cheythu. taamasiyaathe addeham shaangine hong prefecturinte prefectaayum (ekadesham aadhunika nanchang, jiangsi) hong prefecturinu chuttumulla ezhu prefectureukalile senayude commandera niyamichu. addeham pingyuwan prabhuvaya saangineyum srishtichu. thudarnnu, kaarshika vimatha yuvan chaavoyude (<unk>) keezhilulla sakthikal eee pradeshathe aswasthamaakkumbol, shaangraavuvil (<unk>, aadhunika shaangraavuvil, jiangsi) swantham sainyathe nayikkukayum yuvaante sainyathe paraajayappedutthukayum aayirakkanakkin aalukale kollukayum cheythu. mattu rund pradhana kaarshika vimathanmaraaya yang shaavo, shhein kiansai ennivareyum addeham vadhichu. athinusesham jiangnan vestt sarkyoottinte (ekadesham aadhunika jiangsi) govarnoraayi (gwanchashi) shaangine niyamichu. 764ll addeham marichu.
oru sivilian aayi moonnu varshathinullil chansalaraayi maarukayum shaanginte uyarcha undaayirunnittum, addehathinte sathyasandhathaykkum thaazhmaykkum athupole thanne thante keezhudyogastharkkum nalla ulkkazhchaykkum svayam thurakkaanulla sannadhathaykkum addeham bahumaanikkappettuvenn parayappedunnu. athinaal, seeniyorittiyude abhavam undaayirunnittum, mattethoru muthirnna udyogasthanenna nilayil addeham bahumanikkappettu.