
sii-group samskaaram

sii-group samskaaram thaazhnna noobiyayil kaanapedunna oru puraavastu samskaaramaanu, ithu sii. eiii muthal aarambikkunnu. bisi 2400 muthal bisi. bii. sii. 1550. jorjju eiii aanu ithinu peru nalkiyathu. reaser. kendra sthalamo eee aalukal svayam vilikkunnathinekkurich rekhaamoolamulla thelivukaloo illaathe, raisner samskaarathin oru kathu nalki. reysnerude eiii-group, bii-group samskaarangalkk sheshavum pazhaya raajyam purathana eejiptil avasaanikkunna samayathum sii-group uyarnnuvannu.
avalokanam.
innu pala pandithanmaarum eiii, bii enniva yadhaarthathil ore grouppinte thudarchayaayi kaanumbol, sii-groupine saahaaran idayarude ulppannamaayi kanakkakkunnu. sii-groupine athinte savisheshamaaya manpaathrangalaal adayaalappeduthiyittundu, koodaathe athinte shavakudeerangalkkum. aadyakaala sii-group shavakudeerangalil oru lalithamaaya "kallu vritham" undaayirunnu, athinte madhyabhaagathu oru thaazhnna nilayil mrithadeham kuzhichittirunnu. mrithadehangal pinneedu kallukondu varacha oru arayil sthaapichathode shavakudeerangal kooduthal vipulamaayi, thudarnnu kizhakk oru adhika murii koottichertthu vazhipaadukalkkaayi.
sii-grouppinte uthbhavam ippozhum charcha cheyyappedunnu. chila pandithanmaar ithu pradhaanamaayum eiii/bii-groupil ninnaan parinamichathennu kaanunnu. praadeshika samskaaravumaayi layikkunna aakramanakaarikalo kudiyettakkaaro sii-groupine konduvannathayirikkaam sii-groupennu mattullavar karuthunnu, sii-group orupakshe athivegam unangunna saharayil ninnu uthbhavichathaakam.
innu atharam kannukaalikale valarthaan kazhiyaathavidham varanda oru pradeshathu dhaaraalam kannukaalikale valarthunna karshakarum ardha naadodi kannukaalikale valarthunnavarumaayirunnu sii-group. shavakudeerangalil aayudhangalude abhavam kaaranam avar samadhaanaparamaaya janathayaanennu aadyam vishwasikkappettirunnu; ennirunnaalum, kataarakalum cheria vaalukalum yuddha-kodaalikalum sii-group shavakudeerangalil ninnu kandethi. purathana eejipthukar nirmmicha kottakalkku chuttum avar adhivasichathu kooduthal thelivukalaayi kaanapettu.
sii-group janathayekkurichu ariyappedunnavayil bhooribhaagavum thaazhnna noobiyayil ninnum dongola ninnumaanu varunnath. sii-grouppinte vadakkan athirthi aswaaninaduthulla ell-kubani chuttippattiyaan. thekkan athirthi ippozhum anishchithathvathilaanu, pakshe sii-group sittukal erithriya vare thekk kandethiyittundu.
eejipthile aaram raajavamshathinte kaalath, setju, vaavat, irjettu ennee moonnu perukalulla niravadhi cheria samsthaanangal ulppettathayi lover nubia vivarikkunnu. ithe samayam upper nyoobiyayil kerma raajyam uyarnnuvarikayaayirunnu. sii-group kerma thammilulla krithyamaaya bandham anishchithathvathilaanu, ennaal aadyakaala kerma sii-group samskaaravumaayum paan-grave samskaaravumaayum krithyamaaya samanathakal kaanikkunnu.
madhyaraajyathinu keezhil thaazhnna noobiyayile sii-group bhoomiyude bhooribhaagavum eejipt keezhadakki; eejipthukar poyathinushesham, kerma vadakkott vyaapippich eee pradeshathe niyanthrichu. bisi pathinaram noottaandinte avasaanathil thuthmosis onnaamante keezhil eejipt nubia keezhadakkiyathil ninnu aarambhich sii-group eejipthukaarumaayi layichu.
shavasamskara achaarangal.
aadyakaala kerma tumuli nubian, paan-grave, sii-group samskaaram ennivaykkaayi thiranjeduttha shmashana reethiyaayirunnu. dry stoon kallu" saankethikavidya upayogichu "kallu vrithathil" nirmmicha shavakudeerangalaayirunnu sii-group tumuli, kannukaalikalude chithreekaranangal kondu alankaricha oru chaappal. ennirunnaalum, oro samskaaravum tumuliyude ghadanayil vyathyasthamaayirunnu. noobiyante tumuli aazhamillaatha vrithaakrithiyilulla shavakudeeramaayirunnu, athil mrugangalude asthikalum ulppettirunnu. valia karutha kallukalum cheria velutha kallukalum upayogichu marimari paatten paatten upayogichaanu paan-grave tumuli nirmmichathu. kannukaalikal avarude dainamdina pravartthanangal, shavasamskara reethikal, matham ennivayude avibhaajya gadakamaaya sii-group samskaaram edayasampradaayamaayirunnu. pala "nilkkunna slaabukalilum" kannukaalikaludeyum kannukaalikaludeyum kombukalude chithreekaranangalum chappalil ninnu kandethiya mikacha manpaathrangalum undaayirunnu.
charitraatheetha kaalath, eejipt, nubian smashaanangal thammil cheria vyathyaasame undaayirunnulloo, kaaranam randum aazhamillaatha shavakudeerangalil oru karar sthaanathu kidannirunnu. ennirunnaalum, kaalam thudarunnathode, nubian samskaarangal karar cheytha shareerapaarambaryam thudarnnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, eejipshyan samskaarathil, marichayaale vipulamaaya sthaanathu paarppichirunnu.
puthiya raajyathil eejipt kermayude niyanthranam nediyathode eejipshyan samskaaram thaazhnna noobiyayiludaneelam vyaapippikkaan thudangi. sii-grouppukalude samskaarangal ippol marichavare saantharaakki, purathana tekhettu, fadras semitheriyiludaneelam ithu pradharshippichu.
eejipthinte randaam idakkaala kaalaghattatthil, koottamaayi samskarikkunnavarkk anukoolamaayirunnu, ithu sii-group shavasamskarangalil kanda oru pravanathayaayirunnu. kannukaalikalumaayi bandhapetta munkaala priyappetta alankaarangalkkoppam eathaandu poornnamaayum eejipshyan manpaathrangalum kallu paathrangalum illa. ennirunnaalum, avarude shavakudeerangalil palathilum eejipshyan shavasamskara vasthukkal illaayirunnu. shavasamskara saadhanangalude abhavam soochippikkunnathu sii-grouppinte eejipshyan samskaaravumaayi poruthappedal nirbandhithamaayirunnu allengil fadrasil kuzhichittavar "thaazhnna saamoohika saambathika nila" yullavaraayirunnu ennaanu."
bhasha.
peettar berenz (1981), marian beccas-gerst (2000) ennivar parayunnathanusarichu, sii-group aalukal berber shaakhayile afro-eshyaattik bhashakal samsaarichirunnathayi bhashaaparamaaya thelivukal soochippikkunnu. eee prabandham alppam avyakthavum samkhyaaparamaayi aparyapthavumaaya lexical thelivukalil adhishtithamaanu. sii-group janangal kushittik shaakhayude oru afro-eshyaattik bhasha samsaarichirunnuvennum (thekk mukalile nyoobiyayile aalukal orupakshe nilo-saharan bhashakal samsaarikkunnu) sii-group bhaashayude ettavum adutha bandhu chenkadal theerathu samsaarikkunna beja bhashayaanennum sameepakaala thelivukal soochippikkunnu. gaveshanangalkk beja oru pingamiyaaya bhashayaayi prathyekamaayi choondikkaanikkaan kazhiyilla, marichu ettavum aduthulla pothu poorvvikanekkurichu beja lexical metteeriyalukalil tirayan avide ninnu pree-meroitic lover nyoobiyayil nilavilulla anubandha kushittik bhasha vivarikkaanum nirddeshikkunnu. sii-group bhaashayude aprathyakshatha oru paridhivare duroohamaanu. thaazhnna noobiyayil eejipt, kushait, meroitic aadhipathyathinte thudarchayaaya ghattangaliloode nail nubian samsaarikkunnavarude varavinu munbu eee bhasha janasamkhyaaparamaayum raashtreeyamaayum paarshwalkkarikkappettathi mariyekkaam.

