
loow-enn

marshell dveepukalile oru albian-campanian gaayattaan loow-enn allengil hess. pasaphik samudrathile niravadhi kadaltheerangalil onnaaya ithu innathe franch polynesiayile oru hotspot aayirikkam roopappettathu. samudranirappil ninnu uyarunna enevettokkinu thekkukizhakkayi loow-enn sthithicheyyunnu, loow-enn oru ridjiloode eathaandu bandhippichirikkunnu.
orupakshe aadyam oru paricha agniparvvatham roopappeduthiya basaltic paarakalaanu eee samudranirappu roopappeduthunnathu. mcdonald hotspot, rarotonga hotspot, ruruttu hotspot thudangiya niravadhi hotspottukal loow-enn roopeekaranathil ulppettirikkaamenn vishwasikkappedunnu. agniparvvatha pravarthanatthinu sesham, albian samayat oru carbonate plaattphom roopappettekkaamenkilum, taronian samudranirappu eee samudranirappil mungi. oru edavelaykku sesham, oligozene kaalaghattatthil kadaltheerathu avashishtangal roopappedaan thudangukayum manganese puramthottangalum chunnaambukallu ulppedeyulla pelagic avashishtangalum nikshepikkunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu, avayil chilath pinneedu phoosphett upayogichu parishkarikkapettu.
perum gaveshana charithravum.
loow-enn" enna peru chembuthandi maratthe soochippikkunnu. munbu hess gyott ennaanu eee kadaltheeram ariyappettirunnath. 1992ll samudra thurankapadhathiyil thurankam thurathaanaanu eee kadaltheeram lakshyamittath.
bhoomishaasthravum bhoomishaasthravum.
praadeshika krameekaranam.
eneevettokkil ninnu thekk-thekkukizhakkan bhaagathekkaal kurravulla vadakkan marshell dveepukalkkullil loow-enn sthithicheyyunnu. enevettokkinu chuttumulla kadaltheerangaludeyum dveepukaludeyum oru koottatthinte bhagamaaya ithu marshell dveepukalile rund kadaltheera, dweep shringalakalaaya raalik shringalaykkum ratak shringalaykkum samaantharamaayi pravartthikkunna oru shringalayude bhaagamaanenn thonnunnu.
samudranirappinu mukalil ninnu samudranirappinu thaazheyulla aazhathilekk eee kadaltheeram uyarunnu. loow-enn vadakku-thekk dishayil neelamullathum oru saadhaarana giotaanu. athinte paranna mukalbhaagathinu alavum uparithala vistheernavum undu. loow-enninu mukalilulla avashishtangalil oru agniparvvatha kodumudi ulchernnirikkunnu, ithu mannolippine prathirodhikkunna oru agniparvvatha roopeekaranamaanu allengil loow-enn mungiyathinu sesham sajeevamaaya oru agniparvvatha dwaaramaanu. avashishtangalil ninnu uyarnnuvarunnathum dred cheytha paarakalude velichathil agniparvvatha uthbhavam ullathayi thonnunnathumaaya mattu konukalum lobettu gadanakalum undu. loow-ente thekkupadinjaaran attathaanu terresukal sambhavikkunnath, avaa urulpottalukalude uthppannangalaayirikkam. seemoundinte kaanthikavalkkarana reethi anweshichittundu; ithu "saadhaarana" ennu tharamthirickunnu, pakshe bhooprakrithiyil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya prathyeka kaanthikavalkkarana paattenukalundu.
eee mekhalayile mattu niravadhi gaayottukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi loow-enn plaattphomil carbonate thopio chunnaambukallukalo kandethiyitla; loow-enn-leeii oru drill coor agniparvvatha adithattil nerittu pelagic avashishtangal kandethi. ennirunnaalum, oru barrier reefinte nilanilpp chodyam cheyyappettittunde, paarakaludeyum thadaaka avashishtangaludeyum avashishtangal bhookamba profileukalil kandethiyittundu, koodaathe loow-enninu kattiyulla pelagic sediment thoppiyund. kuzhikkappedaattha aazhamillaatha jala chunnaambukallukal plaattphominte arikukalil undakaan saadhyathayund.
loow-enn athinte agniparvvatha kettidam eneevettokkumaayi pankidunnu; loow-enil ninnulla oru vadakkan spurr mikkavarum eneevettokkil athumbol mattoru spurr thekk-thekkukizhakkan dishayil uyarnnuvarunnu, ekadesham neelamundu. loow-enn nagaratthil ninnu kooduthal padinjaaru bhagathaanu mattoru kadaltheeram sthithi cheiyunnathu. loow-enninu thaazheyulla samudranirappinu 5 dasalaksham varsham pazhakkamund, ithu athinekkaal aazhathilaan.
praadeshika krameekaranam.
pasaphik samudrathinte samudranirappil, prathyekichu mesosoic kaalaghattatthile bhaagangalil, lokathile mikka geottukalum adangiyirikkunnu. kuthaneyulla charivukal, paranna mukalbhagam, saadhaaranayaayi pavizhapputtukaludeyum carbonate plaattfomukaludeyum saannidhyam ennivayaal savisheshathayulla paranna mukal antarvaahini parvathanirakalaanu iva. innathe ardhathil cretatius gyottukal attolukalaayirunno ennu vyakthamalla, ennaal eee seemoundukalil palathum innum nilanilkkunnu. eee gadanakalellaam yadhaarthathil mesosoic samudrathile agniparvathangalaayi roopappettu. agniparvathangalil aadyathe frinching reefukal vikasichirikkaam, agniparvvatham kurayukayum attolaayi maarukayum cheythathode avaa thadassa refukalaayi maari. paarakalude mukalilekkulla valarcha santhulithamaakkiya thudarchayaaya maandyam kattiyulla carbonate plaattphomukalude roopeekaranathilekku nayichu. attol allengil attol polulla bhooprakrithikalude roopeekaranathinusheshavum samudranirappinu mukalil carbonate plaattphomukal uyarthiya episodukalil chaanalukalum neelakkuzhalukalum polulla mannolipp savisheshathakal vikasippichathinusheshavum chilappol agniparvvatha pravartthanangal sambhavichu. eee kadaltheerangalkk thaazheyulla puramthodu thanukkumbol kurayukayum angane dveepukalum kadaltheerangalum mungukayum cheiyunnu.
limaloc ulppede atharam niravadhi samudratheerangalude roopeekaranam hotspot sidhaanthathiloode vishadeekarichittundu, ithu shringalayude neelatthil kramena pazhakkamulla agniparvvathangalude shringalakalude roopeekaranathekkurichu charcha cheiyunnu, sisttathinte oru attathu maathram sajeevamaaya agniparvvatham. marshell dveepukalile samudratheerangalum dveepukalum atharam lalithamaaya praaya purogamana hotspot agniparvvathathil ninnu uthbhavichathayi thonnunnilla, kaaranam vyakthigatha dveepileyum samudrathira shringalakalileyum praaya purogathi palappozhum oru hotspot uthbhavavumaayi poruthappedunnilla. eee aashayakkuzhappathinulla oru pariharam onniladhikam hotspottukal marshell dveepukaliloode kadannupokunnu ennathum athupole thanne samakaalika lithosphere vipuleekaranam hotspot agniparvvathathe baadikkaanulla saadhyathayumaanu.
115 muthal 105 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu loow-enn kadannupoya mcdonald hotspot 90 muthal 74 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu loow-enn ayirunna rarotonga hotspot ruruttu hotspottumaanu loow-enn roopeekaranathinu utharavaadikalaaya candidate hotspottukal. ivayil aadya randennam loow-enn ennathumaayi ettavum sakthamaaya jio kemikkal saamyam pulartthunnu. loow-enn enna saahacharyathil, ogaasavaara odivukalulla mekhalayile agniparvvathangalum athinte roopeekaranathinu kaaranamaayirikkam, kaaranam seemoundu chuttumulla seemoundukalekkaal valare pazhakkamullathaanu.
plate chalana punarnirmmaanangale adisthaanamaakki, marshell dveepukalude pradesham sajeevamaaya agniparvvathathinte samayat innathe franch polynesia pradeshathaanu sthithicheythirunnathu. rund pradeshangalum niravadhi dweep shringalakalum asaadhaaranamaaya aazhamillaatha samudranirappukalum agniparvvathangalude saannidhyavum pradarshippikkunnu. ekadesham 8 hotspottukal aaa mekhalayil dhaaraalam dveepukalum kadaltheerangalum roopeekarichu, vyathyasthamaaya jio kemistrikalulla aaa bhoomishaasthra pravishya "southu pasaphik isotopic aandu thermal anomali" allengil dupal anomali ennu vilikkunnu.
rachana.
loow-enn kshara basalttum havayattum pottitherichu. paarakalil adangiyirikkunna daathukkalil appaattait, biotite, clinopyroxine, ilmenite, magnettaitt, plagioclase enniva ulppedunnu. sakthamaaya maattam sambhavikkukayum kaalsait, carbonate, chabaasait, kalimannu, hemattait, smectait, siyolait, palagonite ennivaykku kaaranamaakukayum cheythu. chokku, chunnaambukallu, manganese puramthodu, phoosphett, manalkkall ennivayaanu loow-enn paarakalil kaanapedunna mattu parakal.
bhoomishaasthraparamaaya charithram.
loow-enn seemoundinte bhoomishaasthraparamaaya charithram thaarathamyena moshamaayi ariyappedunnu; seemoundinte praayam 45-85 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu anumanikkaan paleomagnetic daatta upayogichittundu. nilavil australian paachaka dveepukalil sajeevamaaya hotspottukalkku thekkayi ithu roopappedumbol ekadesham <aii. dii. 1> digri thekkan akshaamshathilaanu sthithicheythirunnathu. loow-enninekkaal ekadesham 36 dasalaksham varsham ilayathaanu enivettokku.
agniparvvathavum aadyathe jaiva prathibhaasangalum.
agniparvvatha pravartthanatthinte aadya ghattam 114 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu sambhavichu, thudarnnu campanian kaalaghattatthil randaamathe episode, ekadesham 30 dasalaksham varshangal verthirichu. aadya episode 111.6-114.0 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbullathaanu, mattu padinjaaran pasaphik kadaltheerangalile agniparvvatha pravartthanangalude samakaalikamaayirunnu. loow-enn moodunna avashishtangalil ninnu uyarnnuvarunna allengil ulchertha konukalkku randaamathe episode kaaranamakaam. 76. 9 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu enivettokku sajeevamaayirunnu, athinte valarchayil ninnulla flexeral efakttukal loow-enn enna randaamathe agniparvvatha ghattathe swaadheenichittundaakam. aadya episode mcdonald hotspot randaamathethu rarotonga, ruruttu hotspottukalum moolamaanu undaayathenn karuthappedunnu.
drill korukalil kanduvarunna agniparvvatha paarakalil brezia lavayum adangiyirikkunnu. avayude kshara ghadana soochippikkunnathu avaa poost-sheeled agniparvathangalaayirikkam ennaanu. agniparvvatha paarakalude saberiyal maattathode loow-enn-ll anthareeksha bhoopradesam sambhavichathayi kaliman kallukal soochippikkunnu.
poost-voluncaric.
ekadesham 12 laksham varshangalkk munbu, chuttumulla kadaltheerangalum dveepukalum roopappedunnathinu valare munbuthanne loow-enn turonian nadiyil mungippoyi. oru barrier reefinte abhavam loow-ensinte kodumudiyude mannolipp sugamaakkumaayirunnu. enevettokku vazhi flexeral loading loow-enn thaazhekku thallukayum angane cretatius samayat oru hotspot vazhi seemoundu uyarthumbol loow-enn refukalude roopeekaranam thadayukayum cheythekkaam. agniparvvatha pravartthanam avasaanichathu muthal avashishtangal roopappedaan thudangunnathuvare ekadesham 2-7 dasalaksham varshangalolam vendivannu.
albian kaalaghattatthil, loow-enn enna sthalathu chunnaambukallukal sthaapichu. iva paarakalude roopeekaranatheyum thekkan vashath dred cheythirikkunna aazham kuranja carbonate theeratheyum prathifalippikkunnuvennu thonnunnu. samanamaaya praayathilulla mattu pala carbonate plaattfomukalkkum samaanamaayi eee plaattphom avasana albian samayat mungippoyi, madhya-cretatius plaattfomukalkku thelivukalonnumilla.
albian-senomanian kaalaghattatthil thudangi, pelagic chunnaambukallu santonian-koniyan kaalaghattatthil agniparvvatha paarakalil nerittu nikshepichirunnu; phoosil daattayude velichathil akkaalat kadaltheeram amithamaayi aazhathilaayirunnilla. cretatius-paleosene kaalaghattatthile avashishtangal kanathil kuravaanu.
oligozene kaalam muthal, pelagic oosukal loow-enn enna sthalathu nikshepichu. munbu uyarthiya chunnaambukallukal samudranirappil thurannukaattappettathil phoosphett prathikaranangalkk vidheyamaakukayum chila avashishtangal punarnirmmaanatthinu vidheyamaakukayum cheythu.
naanophosilukalude roopathil seemoundil kaanapedunna foraminifera ivayaanu

