boccolian kottaram

konstantinoppile (innathe turkeyile istanbul) baisaantain kottarangalilonnaanu bokkoliyon kottaram.) hippodromsinu thekkum cheria hagia sofiyaykku kizhakkum marmara kadalinte theerathaanu kottaram sthithi cheiyunnathu.
perukal.
hormisdas ennathu eee sthalathinte munnaamamaan. aaram noottaandinte avasaanathil justinian onnaamante keezhil kottaarathinu munnilulla cheria thuramukham nirmmichathinusheshamaayir bookoliyon enna peru orupakshe nalkappettath. paarambaryamanusarichu, oru kaalayeyum simhate ulkkollunna oru prathima avide nilkkukayum thuramukhathinu athinte peru nalkukayum cheythu (βοις, λέων enniva yathaakramam "kaala", "simham" ennivaykkulla greak padangalaanu). athanusarichu kottaaratthe "hormisdasinte veedu", "justiniyante veedu" ennum vilikkunnu.
charithram.
anchaam noottaandil theodosius randaamante bharanakaalathaanu bokkoliyon kottaram nirmmikkappettath. theophilos chakravarty kottaram punarnirmmikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu, kadaltheera mathilukalkk mukalil oru valia munbhagam cherkkukayum 969 ll nickephoros randaaman chakravarty oru surcuted mathil nirmmikkukayum cheythu. comnenos rajavamsham blackerna kottaram nirmmikkunnathuvare pathinonnam noottaand vare baisaantain kottaaratthinte pradhana kottaaramaayi bookoliyan thudarnnu.
1161ll rumm sultaanaaya kilij arslan randaamanodum 1171ll jerusalem rajaavaaya amalarikkinodum koodi 1166ll maanuval oy comnenos chakravarty oru sabhaa kaunsil nadathiyappol oru mathasammelana sthalamaayi pravarthicha bookoliyan appozhum samsthaana yogangalkkayi upayogichirunnu.
baisaantain chakravartthimaarude rajakudumbavum kottara chappalil vishudha avashishtangalum ulppettirunnu. kottaaratthile chappalilekkulla praveshanam nirodhichirunnuvenkilum ithu kristhyan theerthaadanatthinte bhaagamaayirunnuvenn soochanakalundu.
naalaamathe kurishuyuddham.
1204-leeii naalam kurishuyudhathil constantinoppil pirichuvidunnathil, bokoliyane montferrattinte boniface pidichedutthu
"theeram muzhuvan sanjarichu bookoliyon kottaaratthiletthi, addeham avide athiyappol avideyulla ellaavarudeyum jeevan rakshikkanamenna vyavasthayil athu keezhadangi. bookoliyonil ninnu kottaratthilekku palayanam cheytha mahanaaya sthreekalil kooduthal pere kandethi, kaaranam avide chakravartthiyaayirunna france raajaavinte sahodariye chakravartthiyaayirunna hungery raajaavinte sahodariye mattu sthreekaleyum kandethi. aaa kottaaratthil ninnu kandethiya nidhiyekkurichu enikku nannayi samsarikkaan kazhiyilla, kaaranam athu avasaanathino ennathino atheethamaayirunnu."(willehardoin)
appol, boniface vivaham kazhicha hangariyile bela moonnaamante makal chakravarthini maargarattum sammanangalil ulppettirunnu. thudarnnulla laattin saamraajyathil (1204-1261), bookoliyon oru saamraajyathva vasathiyayi thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, maikkal VIII paleologos nagaram thirichupidichathinusham, kottaravum muzhuvan valia kottara samuchayavum kramena blackerne kottaarathinu anukoolamaayi upekshikkappettu.
1453ll automan chakravarthiyaaya mehmet randaaman nagaratthil praveshichappol, annathe prashasthamaaya kottaram ippozhum avashishtangalaanenkilum nilanilkkunnathayi sradhikkappettu. kottaarathilekkulla praveshana kavaadatthil addeham ingane paranjathaayi aaropikkappedunnu
aadhunika kaalam.
1873ll sirkkesiyilekkulla railway line vazhiyorukkunnathinaayi kottaaratthinte avashishtangal bhaagikamaayi nasippikkappettu. marble frame cheytha moonnu vaathilukaliloode kadal nokkikkaanunna oru balkaniyil athicheraanaakumennu avashishtangal soochippikkunnu, athu innum drishyamaanu.
saamskaarikavum prakrithiparavumaaya paithruka samrakshana board kottaram punasthaapikkumennu 2018ll istambul metropolittan munisippaalitti prakhyaapichu. sandarshakarkkaayi oru thadi nadattham, oru museum, oru kulam ennivayulla oru ooppan eyar myoosiyamaayi kottaram maaraanaan padhathi."
2021ll puraavastu gaveshakar kottaram punasthaapikkumbol oru baisaantain kaalaghattatthile neeruravu kandethi.

