
joonn kanningham (raaf officer)

joonn 'kyatts aise' kanningham, janichathu, marichu, randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu (ibluedablue) oru royal airfozhs (raaf) naitt faittar easu, oru testt pailat aayirunnu. yudhasamayathu, addehathinte vijayangal vishadeekarikkunathinum shathruvumaayi vaayuviloodeyulla radaarinte nilanilpp ashayavinimayam nadathunnathu ozhivakkunnathinumaayi britiish maadyamangal addehathe 'poochayude annukal' ennu vilichirunnu.
akkaalat landanile praadhamika vimaanathaavalathin sameepamundaayirunna thekkan yunaittad kingdatthile croidanilaanu kanningham janichathu. kaumaarapraayatthil vyomayaana vyavasaayathilekku praveshikkaan addeham thaalpparyappettirunnu. sainyathil ninnu vittunilkkanamenna pithaavinte aagraham thaalkkaalikamaayi paalicha addeham dii havilland kambaniye sameepikkukayum enchiniyaring sthaanaarthiyaayi amgeekarikkappedukayum cheythu. athodoppam addeham royal ooksilari airforcil (rouksaaf) cherukayum nambar off eyar fozhsil amgamaavukayum cheythu. 604 (kaundi oof middlesex) schwadron. 1935 augustil pariseelanam aarambhicha kanningham 1936 maarchil ottaykku parakkukayum 1937ll chirakukal nedukayum cheythu. kramena addeham oru sthaapitha testt pailattaayi maarukayum vividha tharatthilulla vimaanangalil ganyamaaya samayam nedukayum cheythu.
1939 augustil, ippol bristtol blenheim enna yanthrathinte oru pathipp sajjeekarichirikkunna thante schwadronil kanningham veendum chernnu. addehathinte nireekshakan jimmy ransliyaayirunnu, addeham yudhathinte bhooribhaagavum addehathinte gannaraayum radio oopparettaraayum pravartthikkukayum moonnu vijayangalilozhike matellaa vijayangalkkum sambhavana nalkukayum cheythu. 1940 joolaiyil schwadronine oru prathyeka ratri yuddha unitaayi punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum airbone interception radar (iai) aadyamaayi sweekarikkukayum cheythu. 1940 septambaril schwadron leaderayi (ezz. kyu. enn. ell. dii. aarr) kanningham sthaanakkayattam nedi.
1940 november 19 nuu ratri, kanningham thante aadya vijayam avakashappettu. 1941 juunil minnalppinar avasaanikkumbozhekkum addeham pathimoonnu shatru vimanangal nasippikkukayum moonnennam vijayasaadhyathayaayi avakaashappedukayum randennam kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum cheythu. deerghakaala vishramathinusesham 1942ll addehathe wing kamaandaraayi (dablyuji cdr) sthaanakkayattam nalki. 85 schwadron raaf, appozhekkum addehathinte ennam pathinaar shatru vimanangal nasippikkappettu. 1943lum 1944nte thudakkathilum addeham naalu vijayangal koodi koottichertthu, onnu saadhyathayullathum onnu kedupaadukal sambhavichathum. moonnennam saadhyathayullathum aarr ennam kedupaadukal sambhavichathumaaya irupathu vyoma vijayangalumayi kanningaaminte poraattajeevitham avasaanichu. samgharshathinte backie samayam addeham vividha staaf officer sthaanangalil chelavazhichu. 1945 meyy maasathil europile yudhathinte avasaanathode addeham group kyapttan (jipi sii. pii. tii) padavi nedi.
yudhathinushesham, kanningham veendum haavilaandil cherukayum thante testt pailat currier thudarukayum cheythu. 1949ll addeham lokathile aadyathe jettu vimanamaaya dii havilland vaalnakshatram paratthi. 1960kalude thudakkathil addeham kurachu kaalam vaanijya jettukal paratthukayum 1970kalude avasaanam vare vyavasaayathil parakkunnath thudarukayum cheythu. britiish aerospaceil (beyy) executive director pravarthicha addeham 1980 ll viramichu. yudhakaalathe nettangalkkum sivil eviyeshanulla sambhavanakalkkum amgeekaaramaayi addehathe britiish saamraajyathinte oordarinte (cbe) kamaandaraayi niyamichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1917 juulai 27 nuu southu landanile croydenil janicha joonn kanningham, addehathinte pithaav arther gillespie kanningham, birminghamile fort danloppile dunlop rubber kambaniyil jolie cheyyukayum kambani sekrattari sthaanathekku uyarukayum cheythu. 1910-ll arther kanningham evlin merii spensore vivaham kazhichu. avarude kudumbatthinu thunithara, thunithara kambani courtouldukalkku kanatha yanthrangal vitharanam cheiyunna oru enchiniyaring kambani undaayirunnu. 1920kalil avarude muthachan coventry meyaraayirunnu. kudumbam chroidanilekku thamasam maari. merii, jaanett ennee rund mootha sahodarimaarum vilyam enna oru ilaya sahodaran kaningaminu undaayirunnu. joonn onpathu vayass vare eest sussexile seafordile oru preparettari skoolaaya boden house schoolil chernnu. pinneedu addeham croidanile oru public skoolaaya vaittgift schoolil vidyaarthiyaayirunnu. 1926-ll, oru school avadhikkaalathu, addeham avro 504-ll oru vimanam paratthi. addehathinte anubavangal skoolile offeesarude pariseelana korppil praveshikkaan addehathe prothsaahippichu. 1930ll addehathinte pithaav marichappol oru vyakthiparamaaya durantham sambhavichu. ennittum, schoolil, prathyekichu ganithathil, kanningham nannayi cheythu. kaumaarapraayatthil vyomayaana vyavasaayathilekku praveshikkaan addeham thaalpparyappettirunnu.
haviland apprenteeshipp.
18-aamm vayassil 1935-ll addeham dii havilland aircraft kambaniyil aprenteesaayi chernnu. dii havilland tii nirmmaanatthil sahayikkaan shanikkappedunnathinu munbu chila cheria projakdukaliloodeyaanu kanningham thante enchiniyaring currier aarambhichath.keey. 2 umm dii havilland moth minor. athe samayam, addeham royal eyar fozhsinte (raaf) part time shaakhayaaya royal ooksilari airforcil (rouksaaf) cherukayum nambar onpathil amgamaavukayum cheythu. kudumbatthile oru suhruthinte shupaarshaykk sesham 604 (kaundi oof middlesex) schwadron. 1935 augustil hatfield aerodromsil pailat pariseelanam aarambhicha kanningham 1936 march 15 nuu ottaykku parannu, 1936 meyy 7 nuu pailat officer (pioo) enna nilayil kammeeshan sweekarichu.
1936leeii venalkkaalath addehathinu addehathinte chirakukal labhichu. appozhaan addeham sessil ephine kandumuttiyath. '32 kaaranaya electrical enchineeyaraaya 'jimmy' ransley pinneedu thante vijayakaramaya moonnu vyomayudhangalilozhike matellaa yudhangalilum eriyal gannaraayum radar oopparettaraayum sevanamanushtichu. kambani sthaapakante makan cheef testt pailattumaaya jiophree dii havilandinoppam laitt aircraftukalil pravarthichukondu dii haavilaandile juuniyar testt pailattaayi kanningham pinneedu maari. kambanikku testt pailattumaarude kuravundaayirunnu, vimaanayaathrayude anubhavam valarnnathode kanningham dii havilandinte shradha pidichupatti. 1937 desember 5nuu flying officer (eph. oo) aayi sthaanakkayattam labhichathode athu prathiphalichu. eee samayat, addeham nirmmaanathekkaalum roopakalppanayekkaalum testt-flaittingilaanu kooduthal shradhikkaan thudangiyathu. haavilaandile naalu mikacha testt pailattumaaril oralaayi addeham maari.
1938 maarchil, myoonichu prathisandhi ghattathil 604 schwadronumaayi thayyaredukkaan addehathe vilippichu. eee samayat, schwadron hocker demon parathukayaayirunnu. avar bristtol blenheim aayi parivartthanam cheythappol addeham athrupthi prakadippichu. munnilekku abhimukeekarikkunna vedivayppu nalkunnathinaayi yanthrangalil naalu 303 browning mesheen gannukalude tray gadippichirunnu. oru deerghadoora poraali enna nilayil ithinu samshayaaspadamaaya moolyamundaayirunnu. jarmman messershmit bf 109, messershmit bf 110 ennivaykku vimaanathinte poraaymakal thurannukattaanum kazhiyum, ithu yadhaarthathil oru bombaraayi uddeshichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, ratri yudhavimaanathil ithu mathiyaakumenn vyoma mantraalayam kanninghaminode paranju, avideyaanu avar eee vakabhedam upayogikkaan uddeshichathu. 1938 epril 20nuu addeham praayapoorthiyaakaatha havilland moth pareekshana parakkal nadathunna dhii havilandilekku madangi.
1939 epril 11 nuu, parachute upayogichu surakshita sthaanathekku pookunna jiophree dii havilandinoppam addeham thante jeevan rakshichu. karakkangalodulla prathikaranam parisodhikkaan avar oru dii havilland moth mainarine vaayuvilekku kondupoyi. prototypeukalkku aanti-spin parachute undaayirunnu, ennaal eee suraksha nadapadikal avalambikkenda aavasyamillaathe muun parisodhanakal nadathiyirunnu. jiophree vimanam idathu kaii spinnil idukayum athu veendedukkukayum cheythu. thirike kayariyathinusesham vimanam valathuvashath karakki. enchin murichumaatti, mookk uyarnnu, vimanam nirtthi oru paranna karakkathilekku praveshichu. havilandinte veendedukkal sramangal paraajayappettappol iruvarum jaamyathil puratthirangaan theerumaanichu. avar angane cheythukazhinjaal, thilangunna nishaashalabhangal mookk thaazhtthi karakkathil ninnu sukham praapichu. enchin ignition oonaakki, wind-milling propeller enchin staartt cheythu. vimanam thaazhekkirangunna vyomasenaamgangale apakadakaramaaya reethiyil aduthuninnu chuttithudangi. bhagyavashaal, avarude paarachyoottukalekkal vegathil athu thaazhekku pathikkukayum athu nilathu pathichappol nasippikkappedukayum cheythu. kanningham aakasmikamaayi avashishtangaludeyum paarachoottinteyum chithrangal eduthu, ithu addehathinte thanutha swabhaavathinu udaaharanamaanu.
europil vardhichuvarunna pirimurukkam yudhathinulla saadhyatha vardhippichu. 1939 august 23 nuu naasi-soviyatt udambadikku marupadiyaayi royal eyar fozhsu (raaf) aninirannu. dii havilland draagan vimanam pareekshanayottathilaayirunnu kanningham. septambaril yuddham prakhyaapikkunnathin munbu pathinaar ennam maathramaan poortthiyaayathu. eee ghattathil, dhii havilandileko rafinilekko svayam samarppikkaan kanningham nirbandhithanaayi. raaf addehathe parisheelippichirunnu, testt flying vimaanathekkaal raafil thanikk kooduthal prayojanam labhikkumenn addehathinu thonni.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
1939 augustil, bristtol blenheim enna yanthrathinte oru pathipp sajjeekarichirunna thante schwadronil kanningham veendum chernnu. vimaanathekkurich addehathinu utsaahamundaayirunnilla. bharam kuraykkaanum vegatha vardhippikkaanum gopuram neekkam cheythirunnuvenkilum flying syoottukalum kokkpittum choodaakkiyilla, ithu shaithyakaalath parakkunna kroovinu aswasthathayundaakki. radiokalude paridhi valare kuravaayirunnathinaal ithu ashayavinimaya prashnangalkk kaaranamaayi. blenheim kokkpitt windshield niravadhi paanalukal kondu nirmmichathum vrithiyaakkaan prayaasamullathumaayirunnu. serch laittukalumayulla sahakaranm apakadakaramaakkiya prakaashatthe prathifalippikkaanum ithu baadhyasthamaayirunnu. avasaanamaayi, andhamaayi parakkunna upakaranagalil prasnangal nerittu. raaf north wheeldle ninnu vadakkan kadalil patrolling nadathunna jeevanakkaarude anubhavaparichayam kaaranam squadroninu chila nashtangal sambhavichu; avayil palathum vimaanathile budhimuttukal moolamaanu. 1940 januvariyil 604 schwadron raaf northoltilekku neengukayum soviyatt adhiniveshathinu sesham raajyathe sahayikkunnathinaayi finnish vyomasenayude neela "swasthika" kondu alankaricha blenheimukal sweeden vazhi finlandilake paratthukayum cheythu.
1940 march 12 nuu kanninghamine flaitt leftanantaayi (efltlt) sthaanakkayattam nalki. eprilil, denmarkileyum norwayileyum jarmman adhiniveshathinu sheshamulla oru yogathil pankedukkunnathinaayi admiralttiyude aadya prabhuvaya vinsttan charchiline paareesilekk kondupookunna dii havilland flummingoyude escortaayi schwadron parannu. vyaajayudhasamayathu yoonittinte bhooribhaagam samayavum serch laittukalumaayum mine-laying pravarthanangalumaayum sahakarichu kondulla vaashinekkurichulla theevramaaya parisheelanathilaanu chelavazhichathu. meyy 15nuu 604 raafa maanstanilekku maatti. eee airfieldil ninnu, francinaayulla yuddham shakthamaayathode kanningham engleesh chaanalin mukaliloode parakkukayum dankirkkinu mukaliloode patrolling nadathukayum cheythu. kanningham shathruvumaayi oru sanbarkkavum rekhappeduthiyilla, france juun 25 nuu keezhadangi.
ratri schwadron.
1940 juulai 26nuu schwadronine oru prathyeka ratri yudhavimaana (enn. eph) unitaayi punarnaamakaranam cheythu. airbone interception radar (iai) aadyamaayi labhichavaril oraalaayirunnu schwadron. 604 schwadronine niravadhi aimke ayachu. IV radar settukal. kanninghaaminte suhruthum sahayathrikanumaaya jimmy ransley ithine oru ujjwalamaaya bhaavi vaagdaanam cheiyunna oru paripaadiyil cheraanulla avasaramaayi kandu. rador oopparettaraayi ransley veendum pariseelanam nedukayum 1941 januvariyil veendum canningamil cherukayum cheythu. idakkaala kaalayalavil, blenheim parimithikalil schwadron palappozhum niraashanaayirunnu. majik boxukal' undengilum, shathruvin cheria nettavum nalkiyaal jarmman bombermaare pidikkaan avar valare mandagathiyilaayirunnu. juun 1 nuu ratri grettar lunden pradeshathu luftwaff athinte aadyathe pradhana ooppareshan paratthiyappol 604 vimanangalumaayi kanningham parannu. 1940leeii venalkkaalath vijayangalonnum avakashappettilla.
1940 septambaril bii flaitt kamaandaraayi acting schwadron leaderayi (ezz. kyu. enn. ell. dii. aarr) kanningham sthaanakkayattam nedi. maasathinullil, yoonittin kanatha aayudhadhaariyum shakthanumaaya bristtol beaufiter labhichu. commanding officerkku sesham, athu paratthunna randaamathe vyakthiyaan kanningham. thokku kazhchayumaayi bandhappett beaufiter oru pallu ghattatthiloode kadannupoyi. pailattinte thalaykku nere munnil oru cheria glass sheettil madhyathil oru spot ulla oru prakasha valayam kazhcha prakshepanam cheythu. madhyabhaagathulla sthaanam lakshyasthanam nalkukayum variable vyaasamulla mothiram oru lakshyathe akramikkaan aavashyamaaya vyathichalanathinte vyapthiyum alavum vilayiruthaan addehathe sahayikkukayum cheythu. reostaatt vazhi prakaashatthinte thilakkam krameekarikkaamaayirunnuve niyanthranam phalapradamallaayirunnu. athine oru bhagam karakkunnath paramavadhi thilakkam srishtikkukayo spaat thilangaan kaaranamaakukayo cheyyum.
eyar marshell sholto dougless ratri poratta samiti roopeekarikkukayum pravartthana prasnangal charcha cheiyunnathinaayi raaf bentli priyariyil pathivayi yogam cherukayum cheythu. parichayasambannanaaya oru vimaanayaathrikan enna nilayil, kanninghamine pankedukkaan kshanichu. henry tissard thante kaazhchappaadukal yogathil prakadippikkaan kanninghamine kshanichu. thokku kazhcha vidagthanaaya arnold alexander haaline kaanaan pallu addehathe royal aircraft sthaapanathilekku (raay) ruffer cheythu. thante enchiniyaring vaidagdhyavum prashnathekkurichulla kanninghaaminte vilayiruthalum upayogichu haal roopakalppanayile aparyapthathakal pariharichu. irupathu varshathinu sesham haal hocker sidleyil kanninghaaminte managing director. vividha vyaayamangal nadathikkondu graundu kantrol oof interception (jii. sii. aii) upayogichum kanningham pravarthichu. 604-ll erangiya eyar staaf medhavi philipp joubert dii laa ferte addeham parichayappedutthi; dougless; kroovinte anubavangal kelkkaan iruvarum eppozhum utsukaraayirunnu.
beaufiterukalil cherttha iai settukalaanu aadyam vanthothil nirmmichathu. 1.5 meter tharamgadairkhyamulla pravartthana aavruthi 190 muthal 195 MHz vareyayirunnu. oru reseiver, traansmittar, kantrol paanal, modulator, indikkettar yoonit, fixed diapole eriyalukalude samvidaanam enniva upakaranagalil ulppedunnu. mookkil, peerankikkum chirakinte agrathinum idayil oro chirakinteyum munvashath mukalilum thaazheyum neendunilkkunna oru jodi asimat eriyalukal ulla eratta ambadayaala aakruthiyilaayirunnu aakasham. starboard vashathulla raaf roundalinu sameepam chirakinte uparithalathinu mukalilum thaazheyum oru jodi elevation eriyalukal sthithicheyyunnu. indikkettar displayil rund cathode reey tubeukal undaayirunnu. avar uyaravum asimat bairing pradharshippichu. settinu naalu mile (ekadesham) paridhi parimithiyundaayirunnu. kandethalinte ettavum kuranja paridhi saadhaaranayaayi chuttum aayirunnu. aduthulla shreniyil, lakshyam transmission pulsumaayi layippikkukayum avyakthamavukayum cheythu. thaazheyulla uyarangalil, nilathuninnulla vasthukkalil ninnulla varumanam tyoobukale chathuppilakkum. ransliyeppolulla oopparettarmaarkku nyayamaaya ooham cheyyaan avasheshichu. aadyakaala settukalil skeyilukalo calibration adayaalangalo sthaapichittilla. asimut thalatthile shathruvinte sthaanavum thalayum athinte uyaravum vyapthiyum oohikkendathundu. kuranjathu jii. sii. aii. kku beaufitere lakshyathinte paridhikkullil, saadhaaranayaayi bomberinu oru mylilo athiladhikamo pinnilo konduvaraan kazhiyum.
kanningham-ronsley team shathruvin keezhilum nerittu vazhithettikkaanum prathyekamaayi aii upayogichu. jarmman bombermar oru dorsal gunner vahichirunnuvenkilum, bhooprakrithiyude karutha niratthinu ethire oru shathruvine kandethuka prayasamaayirunnu. saadhaaranayaayi, raajyathinte irunda niram aduthuvarunna oru ratri poraaliyude rooparekhaye vizhungikkalayum. avar aduthethumbol, shatru vimaanathinte slip stream apakadakaramaanennu theliyikkukayum beaufitere pinthirippikkukayum pailattine lakshyathil ninnu eriyukayum cheyyum. alpam thaazhe ninnu aduthuvannathu akramanakaariyaaya pailattine slip stream ozhivakkaan anuvadichu. eee thanthrangal rench adaykkaanum aadyam vediyuthirkkaanum kanninghamine anuvadichu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi vivaahanischayam vegathilum vijayakaramaayum avasaanippikkaan paryapthamaayirunnu. ethiraaliyaaya ratri poraali bob brahmavum eee thanthram upayogichu.
'poochayude annukal'.
1940leeii venalkkaalathudaneelam, britiish yuddham pottippurappettathil cunninghamin 604 schwadron nishkriyamaayi irikkendivannu. sharathkaalathode yuddham shamichu. vyoma menma nedunnathil parajayappettathinaal, britiish thuramukhangalilum vyavasaayangalilum bomb eriyanamennu luftwaff theerumaanichu. jarmman thanthratthile eee maattam vyomayaathrayude minnal ghattathinu thudakkamittu. 1940 november 1 nuu ratri luftwaff burmingham aakramichu. 1940 november 14 nuu sahavarthithvathinethiraaya valare phalapradamaaya reydinu sesham padinjaaran madhyapradeshangalile akramanangal thudarumennu jarmmankaar pratheekshichu. (baattil group 100) ll ninnulla pathfindermaar 369 vimaanangale (kilogram 26, bomber wing 26), (kilogram 54), (kilogram 55) ennivayil ninnu nagaratthilekku nayichu.
landante vadakku patrollinginaayi hamshareile raaf middle vaaloppil ninnu innu ratri kanningham purappettu. reydinte disha arinjappol, kizhakkan madhyapradeshangalilekku pookaan addehathodu utharavittu. jii. sii. aii vector kanningamineyum addehathinte thaalkkaalika radar oopparettaraaya joonn philipson; oru muun graundu radar oopparettare, oru shatru vimaanathil kayattiyengilum kroo kooduthal padinjarottu nirbandhithamaayi. serch laittukal avarude shradha aakarshikkukayum philipsane bandhappedaanum nayikkanum kazhiyukayum cheythu. taamasiyaathe drishya sthireekaranam nadatthi. oru vimaanathinte oru katha parayunna adayaalam nakshathrangalude oru koottam kondu chuttapetta aakaashathinte oru shoonyamaaya bhaagamaayirunnu. shathruvinte andhamaya sthaanam nilanirthikkondu, addeham athinu thaazhe parakkukayum jarmman pailattumaayi poruthappedunnathinu thante vegatha krameekarikkukayum cheythu. thaan dhairyappettathra rench adachathinushesham, addeham naalu peerankikalum upayogichu vediyuthirkkukayum jankarukale juulai 88 bomber thakarkkukayum cheythu, ithu 00:35 leeii kembridjshayarile vettaringinu sameepam nilathu idichu pottitherichu. kanninghaaminte irayaaya 3./kg 54 juulai 88 casper sondermeiser parathiyathaayi avakashappettilla. ennirunnaalum, saahacharyangal sthireekaricha rund jarmman athijeevichavare chodyam cheytha sesham, kanningaminu vijayam labhichu.
1940 desember 23nuu thante adutha vijayathinaayi kanninghaminu oru maasam kaathirikkendi vannu. (kilogram 1) 100 bomberukale 100 perude neethrthwathil maanchasttarine akramikkaan ayachu. jii. sii. aii shatru vimaanathilekku vector cheytha kanningham. appozhum iruttaayirunnilla, yanthrathe 111-aamm nambar hengel ennu cunningham thiricharinju. parannuyarnnukondu, beaufiterinu mukalilulla hengel addeham kandu. padinjaaran lulvarthinte thekk shathruvine kanningham aakramichu. shatru mukalilekku kayari. thudarnnu, kanningham vediyuthirthu. 111 theepidutthatthil kathinashichu. bombukalum theepiduthangalum ozhivaakkaanum francilake parakkanum kroovinu bomber mathiyaya uyarathilaayirunnu, avide athu cherbergill thakarnnu veenu. jorg daininarude rund jeevanakkaarkk parikkettu. 3./kgr 100 mesheen ezhuthithallappettu. thangal oru ratri poraaliyude irayaanennu jeevanakkaarkk ariyillaayirunnu. oru kappal thangale vedivechidukayaayirunnu avar karuthi.
1941 januvari 2nuu kanningham ekadesham moonnilonnu koottichertthu. nagaratthile ettavum kanatha yudhathil jarmmankaar cardifine aakramichu. pinnil moonnu aakasha maastukal thulyamaayi vyaapichukidakkunna oru 111 enna kaarine kanningham earppeduthi; ithu oru paathu finderine soochippikkunnu. oru peeranki sthambhikkukayum, pravartthana peerankikalil ninnulla beaufiterude ellah vedikkoppukalum addeham athinaayi chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. 50 digri konilaanu ithu meghangalilekku mungiyathu. oru 2./kgr 100 mesheen parikketta oru thokkudhaariyumaayi francilake madangi, koodaathe oru vijayasaadhyathayude bahumati kanninghaminu labhichu. januvari 12nuu oopparettar jimmy ransleotoppam 111nuu kedupaadukal sambhavichathayi addeham avakashappettu. 25 ratri parakkalukal ulppedeyulla nettangalkku 1941 januvari 28 nuu kanninghaminu vishishta flying cross (dii. eph. sii) labhichu.
februvari 9nuu, sholto daglasinteyum chaals portalinteyum shanaprakaaram, vyomasena medhavi kanningham vyoma manthraalayathiletthi. haattfeeldil jiophree dii haavilaandil report cheyyaan addehathodu utharavidiyengilum muthirnna udyogastharil aarum enthukondaanennu paranjilla. jiophree dii haavilaandine kandumuttiyappol kanningham oru hangerilekku vilippikkappettu. ithaadyamaayaanu dii havilland kothukine kanningham nokkunnathu. 1941 februvari 9 nuu kanningham prototype dablyu4050 paratthi. "niyanthranangalude bharam, pothuve manoharamaaya kaikaaryam cheyyal savisheshathakal" enniva addehathe valareyadhikam aakarshichu. eee tharam iai upakaranangal gadippikkumbol, athu bristtol beaufiterinu anuyojyamaaya pakarakkaaranaayirikkumenn kanningham nigamanam cheythu.
1941 februvari 15nuu kanningham moonnaamathe vijayam avakashappettu. looftwaff livarpoolilum humbersidelum vyomaakramanam nadatthi. devonile nyoottan mataadhipathiye marikadannu addeham 111 (kilogram 27) enna engagement nedi. totnessinu purathu athu thakarnnu. 7./kg 27ll petta bomber, 1g + fr, poornnamaayum nasippikkappettu. eberhard beckman samghavum kollappettu. anchaamathe vijayam kurekkaalam kanninghamine marikadannu. march 12nuu addehathe rund thavana shatru vimaanathil ransley vector cheythu. addehathinu juulai 88 nuu maathrame avakashappedaan kazhinjulloo, addehathinu 111 ennam parikkettu. 1941 epril 3-nuu ratri addeham thante naalaamathe shatru vimaanathe kanakkakki. 111 ennu avakaashappettirunnenkum, vimaanathinte aidantitti orupakshe juun 88 eiii-5, ('factory nambar') 4224, coode vii 4 + aarr oof 7./kg 1, avanmouthu raid cheyyaanulla douthyathilaayirunnu. ernst menchineyum addehathinte samghamaaya wilhem hahn, roobert conig, wilhem shriber ennivare kaanathaaya nilayil niyogichu. epril 7-aamm theeyathi ratri addeham oru faittar easu aayi. porttsmoutthum portland thuramukhavum bomberukal aakramichathine thudarnnu 9./kg 26-leeii 111 ennam thadanju. ervin hartman thante samghathodoppam chanalil idichu. oru illa. 87 schwadron raaf pailattum flaitt lefttanantumaaya derek harland ward kadalil pathikkunnathin munbu vediyuthirtha oru thilakkam kandappol vijayam avakashappettu. ennirunnaalum, ward vedivachappol hinkel thakarnnuveezhaan pookunnathinaal kanningaamaanu vijayathinte bahumati nediyathu. 87 schwadron vaar dayari aaa raathriyile entriyil eee vastutha amgeekarichu.
rund raathrikalkk sesham, epril 9 nuu, addeham 111 ransum thudarnnu epril 11 nuu mattoru vijayavum nedi. pinneedulla dauthyathil 111 pii-2002,1jii + echu. tii. oof <aii. dii. 1> 27. pailat lioo roht kroo amgangalaaya wilhem frank walter rogberg fritts antereesarum kollappettirikkam. 307 schwadronile oru pailat, 01:35 leeii drivermaarude phaam, lidlinch, dorset ennividangalil takarnna yanthram avakashappettu. oru 8./kg 55 hii 111 chaanalin mukaliloode athinte kroovinoppam nashtappettu, oru kuthettu./vadakkan fraansil jeevanakkar takarnna vimanam upekshichappol 26 kilogram mesheen nashtappettu. 604-ll kanninghaaminte sakhaavaaya roderic ainiyas chisholminte kanakkanusarichu porttsmouthinaduthu juun 88-nuu oru 5./kg 54 undaayirunnu.
epril 15 nuu, moonnu bomberukale vedivachu veezhthiya (vijaya nambar. 8-10). thekkan theerathinaduthulla patrollingil addeham monmouthshayariloode 111 runs nedi, athu 40 roundukal maathram kondu addeham vedivechu. addeham madhyavallappilekk madangi, randaamathe parakkalinaayi patrollinginu ayachu. avan purappett thekkott, southhaamptanilekku neengi. jii. sii. aii addehathe niyamikkaan kazhiyaathathra thirakkilaayirunnu, marlberoikkethire oru serchlight koonn anweshikkaanulla addehathinte abhyarthana amgeekarikkappettu. ransley addehathe aakramana shreniyilekku nayikkukayum addeham 111 enna hii vedivachu veezhthukayum athu southaamptanile paazhaya veedukalil idichukayarukayum cheythu. mattoru shathruvinte pinnale jii. sii. aii addehathe ayachuvenkilum bandham nashtappettu. southaampdanil veendum prathyakshappetta addeham chandraprakaashatthil 111-aamm nambar koodi kandu. ayaal athu adachu vedivachu. limington pradeshathu ithu thakarnnu. 8./kg 55ll petta coode g1 + Es aaya 2857 aayirunnu kanninghaaminte onpathaamathe vijayam. gunthar voonn seedlits pailat cheytha hengel nambaril thakarnnu. 10-12 padwell rooad, southaamptan, 02:00. seedlitsum france hummer aakramanathil kollappedukayum horst rosenberghin herbert soyarineyum thadavilaakkukayum cheythu. eprilil, ratri poratta pravarthanangalil kuranjathu patthu vimaanangalenkilum vedivechitta sesham, kanningham thante aadyathe vishishta sevana oordar (dii. ezz. oo) kondu alankarikkappettu.
meyy 3nuu, kanningham mattoru hengel kandethi. naalu raathrikalkk sesham 1941 meyy 7 nuu jorjju araman rajaavinu munnil vachu kanningham thante panthrandaamatthe vijayam nedi. madhyavalkkathil ninnu adhikam akaleyallaatha danebury kunnil prathyakshappettappol sholto dougless raajaavine anugamichu. rajaavu kanninghamin ransley kandumuttukayum avarude vijayathin vyomasenaamgangale abhinandikkukayum aaa ratri mattonn vaangaan kanninghaminode aavasyappedukayum cheythu. thudarnnu bonmouthinu purathulla jii. sii. aii. steshan sopliyilekku raajaavine kondupoyi. raajaavine aakarshikkan aakaamkshayode, kanningham chitharithallaan oodi, patrollinginu pookaan thayyarayi. 604leeii patrolling eriyayiloode thangalude parakkal paatha sweekaricha livarpooline luftwaff aakramichu. bornmouthinu vadakku 111 enna kappal kanningham parannuyartthi thadanju. yudhathinu saakshyam vahikkaan avasaram labhikkumennathinaal kantrolar rajavinodu purathupokaan aavasyappettu. avar athu kandillengilum, rajaavu athinte phalam kettu enchinukalude alarchayum peeranki vedivayppum. 1639 coode aiji + doorr enna peril ariyappedunna hengel, raaf vesttan soylandinu thekkulla andezhsiya faminu sameepam aidi2ll thakarnnu veenu. pailat hains lassinsky oottoo villichum rakshapettu, ennaal pailattin saaramaayi pollalettu. flaitt enchineeyar fritts clem hains shear vediyettu marichu. 1941 meyy 31/juun 1 nuu ratri, kanningham ransley 111 ennam koodi nedi, kaaranam luftwaff blitsinte avasaanathe pradhana raid poortthiyaakki. annu ratri nashtappetta 24 jarmman bomberukalil onnaanith. pittennu raavile, kanninghamine thaalkkaalika schwadron leaderayi sthaanakkayattam nalki.
pracharanam.
1941-nte thudakkathil, vyoma manthraalayatthinte anumathiyode britiish pathrangalkk kanninghamine sameepikkaanum addehathinte anubhavangalekkurichu ezhuthaanum anuvaadam labhichu. sensarshippinte abhaavathinte prachodanaathmakamaaya kaaranangalilonn manoveeryam aayirunnu. blitsinte aadyaghattangalil, jarmmankaarkk raathriyil brittanil ishtaanusaranam akramikkaan kazhiyumennaayirunnu sivilian janathayude dhaarana. raaf thirichadikkukayaanennum luftwaffinu nashtam varuthukayaanennum pothujanagalkk urappu nalkaanulla sramamaayirunnu kanninghaaminte chooshanangalude prasidheekaranam. ransleyude vijayathinulla sambhavanakal phalatthil avaganikkappettuvenkilum eee aavashyathinaayi kanningham sradhikkappettu.
raaf naitt yudhavimaanathinu vyoma radar undennu arian shathruvine anuvadikkaan vyoma mantraalayam aagrahichilla. jarmman ratri poraalikalkku valarekkalam kazhiyunnathuvare valia thothil atharam upakaranangal sajjeekarikkilla. pakaram, kanninghaaminte vijayangal vishadeekarikkaan oru ithihaasam srishtichu. addeham aadyathe ratri poraali thaaramayathinaal, addehathinte chithram prasidheekarikkaan pathrangale anuvadichu. addehathinte kazhcha asaadhaaranamaayirunnuvennu adikkurippukalil ezhuthiyirunnu, athu oru valarthumrigatheppole thanne iruttil kaanaan addehathe anuvadichu. addehathinte kaaratt bhakshanakramam addehathinu vitaamin eiii nalkiyathaayum ithu mikacha ratri kazhcha nilanirthaan addehathe anuvadichathaayum parayappedunnu. thudarnnundaaya pothu prasamsaye kanningham veruthuvenkilum 'poochayude annukal' enna tagg oru aavashyamaaya vanchanayayi addeham sweekarichu. 1941 januvariyil pothujanangalkkayi purathirakkiyappol prachaarana katha janangalkkayi athinte uddeshyam niravetti. ennaal ratri prathirodhatthinte vijayam jarmmankarodu raaf onnukil athinte saankethikavidyakal mechappeduthukayaanenno allengil athil puthiya enthengilum undenno paranju.
raafile pradhana ratri poraali easas; kanningham, brahmam, brance barbridj enniva maadhyamashradhaye vilamathichilla. kanninghamudeyum barbridjinteyum kaaryatthil, ithu pooraattattheyum kolapaathakatheyum kurichulla aazhathilulla mathavishwaasangalil ninnu uruthirinjathaakaam. yudhasamayathu barbridj oru purohithanaayi, yudhathinushesham avarude nettangal achadikku vivarikkan sameepichappol addehamo kanningamo jeevacharithrakaaranmaarumaayi sahakarichilla. yudhasamayathu brahmam chunnaambu velichavum upekshichu. dayley express" addehathodu abhimukham nadatthaan aavasyappettenkilum addeham visammathichu. brahmaavinte naanakkedaayi, 1943-ll pithaav addehathinte prashasthanaaya makanekkurich abhimukhangal nalki. vaarthakal varaathappol pathrangalkk taamasiyaathe thaalparyam nashtappettu. maadhyamashradhayude falamaayi brahmavum kanningam theerchayaayum parasparam ariyukayum oru malsara malsaram vikasikkukayum cheythu. thante 'scramble' enna pusthakatthil, thaan kanningaaminte skorine shaashvathamaayi marikadanna rathriyekkurichu brahmam abhimaanathode paraamarshichu.
wing commander.
1941 juunil vyomayudhathinte chalanathmakatha maari. soviyatt unionile jarmman adhiniveshamaaya ooppareshan barbarossa kizhakkan munnira thurannu. jarmman bomber seena theaterinode valareyadhikam prathibaddhatha pulartthiyirunnu. medittareniyan, vadakke aafrikkan theaterukalile poraattam vardhichathum jarmman vyomashakthiye vazhithirichuvittu. brittanile luftwaff pravartthanangal naadakeeyamaayi maari. 1941-nte sheshikkunna kaalayalavil theerathinaduthulla thiranjeduttha lakshyangalil cheria ennam bomberukal hitt aandu rann akramanangal nadathukayum muun sharathkaalatheyum shaithyakaalatheyum koottamaaya aakramanangalkk pakaram vaykkukayum cheythu. pravartthanangalude vegathayile idivu puthiya jeevanakkaare parisheelippikkaan kanningham upayogichu.
kanninghaaminte neethrthwaparisheelanam addehathinte pakal poraalikalaaya athiraalikalil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu. oru divasathe yoonit orumichu parakkukayum shathruvine orumichu edapazhakukayum radio vazhi ashayavinimayam nadathukayum yudhathil avarude commanding offeesarude nirddeshangalum udaaharanangalum palikkukayum cheyyum. eee reethiyil nayikkaan kanningham praapthanaayirunnilla. ratri poraali oru otta vettakkaaranaayirunnu. athu parannuyarumbol, kroo aakaashat ottaykku pravartthikkum. pakaram, thante aalukale avarude vimaanangalilum ayilum praaveenyam nedaan padippichukondu maathrame addehathinu yudhathil praaveenyam urappakkaan kazhiyoo. addeham shaasthranjarumaayi nirantharam sanbarkkam pulartthukayum puthiya sambhavavikasangal nireekshikkukayum cheythu. yanthrathil aathmavishwaasam srishtikkunnathinaayi addeham bristtol beaufiteril puthiya samghangaleyum niyamichu. prathikoola kaalaavasthayilum sthiramaaya kaalayalavilum ratri pailattumaarkk upakaranagalil maathram parakkaan padikkendivannu. aiyude upayogathekkurichulla parisheelanathinu ransley sambhavana nalkukayum taargett aircraft upayogichu mookk interceptationukal pathivayi paratthukayum cheythu.
kanningham appozhum pravarthanangalil earppettirunnu. puthiya beaufiter emm. keey. paratthunnu.joolaiyil oru interceptionil merlyn enchinukal nalkunna addehathinu 111 enna enginukalil ninnulla ritten fayar adichu. enchinukal chitharukayum onninu thee pidikkukayum cheythu. kadalil ninnu valare akale, addeham veendum bays vare parannu, thee anaykkukayum, oru chakrangal thaazhekku irakkukayum cheythu. adutha maasam addehathinu kooduthal vijayam labhichu. 1941 august 22-aamm theeyathi ratri addeham rund 111-kall thadanju. orennathinu kedupaadukal sambhavichathayi avakaashappettengilum randaamathethu sthireekarichu. 8./(kilogram 40) ll ulppedunna eph8 + bs coode cheytha echu-5 model 4081 aaya hengel heey 111,22:05. jii. yill kadalinte vadakku-padinjaaru kinarukalil veenu. dohman, echu. hadrich, keey. dandell orikkalum kandethiyitla. august 31nuu rudolph faatthinte mrithadeham benhaam oovariyil theerathu olichu. septambar 1 nuu, kanningham thante pathinanchaamatthe vijayamaya juulai 88 pidichu thaazhtthi. septambar 19nuu addehathinte dii. eph. sick oru baar nalkappettu, appozhekkum addeham acting wing kamaandaraayirunnu (dablyuji cdr).
shaithyakaalam 1941-42 aapekshika nishkriyathvathode kadannupoyi. 1942 leeii vasanthakaalath, arther harris germmaniyil aathmaarthamaayi thante pracharanam aarambhichu, raaf bomber command lubechine aakramichu. aakramanathil prakopithanaaya adolph hitlar luftwafinode prathikara akramanangal aarambikkaan utharavittu, ithu bedekar blitts ennu vilikkappedunnathinu thudakkamittu. epril 4 nuu, kanningham eksittarinu mukaliloode pravartthikkunna oru beedekar raider 111 paathu finderine edapazhakukayum nasippikkukayum cheythu. athinu meghathilekku rakshappedaan kazhinju. specialist jarmman pathfinder unitaaya kgr 100 ippol puthiya naavigeshanal aydukalumaayi pravarthikkukayaayirunnu, athu avare kattiyulla meghathilum mazhayilum parakkanum naavigettu cheyyaanum anuvadichu. ratri poraalikalkku kaalavastha kooduthal budhimuttaanennu thelinjappozhellaam avar manappoorvvam pravarthichu. ennirunnaalum, 1942 meyy 23 nuu ratri kanningham oru thadassam srishtichu.
thante pathiv thanthram pareekshichukondu, pinnil ninnum thaazhe ninnum kanningham aduthuvannu. pettennu, hengel oru irukiya idathu kaii thirivilekku olichirikkunnu, ithu thokkudhaarikale oru vishalamaaya vashathekku vedivaykkaan anuvadikkunnu. bomber moodalmanjilekku aprathyakshamaayi. kanningham graundu kantroldu interception (jii. sii. aii) enna sthaapanathodu sahayam abhyarthichu. shaftesburic sameepam vadakkott parakkunna hengel avar track cheythu. veendum edapazhakunna jarmman pailattin thalakeezhaayi maranum kanninghamine marikadannu eathaandu thalakeezhaayi mungaanum kazhinju. asaadhyamaaya konukalil thante keezhil thirinj addeham nirantharam kuthanthram ozhivaakki. thangal oru thudakkakkaaranumaayi edapedunnillennu kanningham ransley manassilakki. taamasiyaathe oru vazhithirivu malsaram aarambhichu, thudarnnu jarmmankaar valachodikkukayum dive cheyyukayum cheyth rakshappedaan shramichu. kanningham addehathe nirbandhichu, pakshe graundu clutter henkalinte signal marachuvechathode ranslick jissic bandham nashtappettu. kanningham basesil thirichetthi. cranbone chasingle hii 111 charivukalil thakarnnathayi taamasiyaathe vaartha vannu. prathyakshatthil, heangel nooru adii maathram uyarathil meghangal thakarth 17:05 enna otappetta gramamaaya aalvedistaninu sameepam nilathekku lambamaayi mungi. rahasyaanveshana vibhaagam pinneedu yanthram 7./kgr 100 ll ninnulla 111h-6,4627, coode 6n + fr aanennu nirnnayichu. bomber idichathode vighadichu. pailat, (schwadron leader) seagrid langer addehathinte crewe kollappettu. shmidt, dii. hofmann, pii. guidies dablyu. aashankaakulanaanu. ithu kanninghaaminte savisheshamaaya vijayamayirunnu. 150 minitt pinthudarnnappol addeham thokkukal prayogichirunnilla.
eee sambhavathethudarnnu, 1942 juun 1 nuu kanningham thaalkkaalika wing kamaandaraayi sthaanakkayattam nedukayum, thante 16-aamath shatru vimanam thakarnnathinethudarnnu, juulai 24 nuu addehathinu oru bullatt polum vediyuthirkkaathe oru shatru vimanam nasippichathinu mattu nettangalkoppam oru baar labhichu... meghathiloode valia vegathayil mungikkond shatru vimaanathe nilathekku thalli."
kanninghamin ransley taamasiyaathe staaf sthaanangalilekku niyamichu. avar middle vaaloppilum 604 schwadronilum ninnu purappedunnathinu munbu, puthiya iai emke pareekshikkaan avarkk avasaram labhichu. rando moonno mile (3 muthal 5 kilometer) dooraparidhiyulla radar. puthiya radar oru samoolamaaya mechappeduthalaayirunnu. ellah vivarangalum orotta tubil pradharshippichirunnu. graundu ekko kuranju, pakshe thaazhekku parakkumbozhum screenil kaanaan kazhiyumaayirunnu, pakshe athu mothatthilulla chithrathe thadassappeduthiyilla. group aasthaanathu staaf offeesaraakaan 604 ennam vitta rory chisholil ninnu ellah pariseelana unitukaludeyum director kanningham chumathalayelkkendathaayirunnu. raaf uzz varthile 62 ooppareshan training yoonittil (62 oottoo) oru instructor jolie edukkendathaayirunnu ransley. nambar nambaril aasthaanathekku thanne vinyasikkaan kesine prerippikkaan kanningaminu kazhinju. raaf faittar kamaandinulla pariseelana samghadanayaaya 81 group raaf. ransley schwadron leaderayi sthaanakkayattam nalkukayum dii. eph. sii. yum vishishta parakkal medal (dii. eph. emm) nalkukayum cheythu. 1943 januvari vare aarr maasatholam eee jody nilayurappichu.
avasaanathe yaatra.
1943 januvariyil kanningham veendum pravarthanamaarambhichu. addehathinu illa enna command nalki. 85 schwadron raaf, dii havilland kothukukal kondu sajjeekarichirikkunnu.II raaf hansdonilaanu. addeham jimmy ransley thante oopparettaraayi thiranjedutthu. puthiya radar settu muzhuvan chithravum pradharshippichu. instrument paanalinte idathuvashathulla oru cheria cathode-reey tube settu kanninghaminu oru samyojitha chithram nalki. shathruvin ozhivaakkaavunna nadapadiyedukkaan kazhiyunna oru ghattathil athunnathuvare prarambha ghattangalil thanne ransley interception niyanthrikkanamenn iruvarum theerumaanichu. appol ransley renchukal vilichu pailattine thante reey-tube nokkunnathil ninnu mochippikkumbol kanningham chumathalayelkkum.
1943 march 3 nuu ratri luftwaff veendum sajeevamaayi. graundu-kantroldu interception (jii. sii. aii) vazhi bandhappedaan valare vaikiyaan kanningham oodiyathu. serch laittukal oru boxes aakruthiyil pravartthikkukayum thulya akalamulla markerukalaal verthirikkappedukayum addeham oru boxylake kayarukayum cheythu. oro poraalikkum oru petti nalkukayum athinu anuvadicha marker beekkanilekku parakkukayum cheythu. avidevechu, laittukal oru lakshyathe prakaashippikkunnathuvar allengil oru airbone interception radar (iai) kondaakt edukkaan kazhiyunna oru koonn roopeekarikkunnathuvare addeham parikramanam cheythu. taamasiyaathe addehathinu oru sanbarkkam labhichu, oru dornier doow 217; addeham adachu, pakshe addehathinte peerankikal sthambhichu. addeham kurachukaalam dornierinu pinnil irunnu thokkukal vedivaykkaan prolsaahippikkaan shramichenkilum falamundaayilla, jarmman naavikar pettennu addehathinte saannidhyam manassilakki mungimarichu. kanningham roshaakulanaayi schwadronile naalil moonnu bhaagavum vyomathil parannu, pakshe addeham maathramaan oru shathruvine kandathu. graundu, ayarkroovil asamthripthanaaya addeham cheria ratri poraali samoohathil thante swaadheenam upayogichu konvaalile thante pazhaya unitaaya 604 ll ninnu udyogasthare konduvannu. puthiya VIII radar oru unifom soukaryathode, kanningham oru kothukine etteduthu.xii; dish aantinaykku mukalil minusamarnna 'bluff' mookk thazhikakkudamulla aadyathe kothukaanu.
eee samayat, luftwaff englandiloode raathriyilum thaazhnna nilayilum 190 poraalikale ayaykkukayaayirunnu. theeradesha lakshyangal adikkaan avarkk kazhinju, avarude vegathayum churuchuruppum avare thadayaan prayasamaayirunnu. jarmman pailattumaarkk chila kaaryangalil poraaymayundaayirunnu eee yoonittukalil ratri parakkal parichayatthinte abhaavamundaayirunnu, koodaathe eph. dablyu 190-kall radar vahichilla, koodaathe avaykku hraswadooraparidhiyum undaayirunnu. oru cheria kannaadi ozhike, pailattin ellaayppozhum raathriyil thante pinnil nannayi kaanaan kazhinjilla. 1943 meyy 16nuu eph. dablyu 190kalkk naalum orupakshe anchaamatheyum 85 schwadron nashtamaayi. 1943 juun 13nuu, vestt mallingle thante airfieldil ninnu adhikam akaleyallaatha oru eph. dablyu 190-neey kanningham thadanju. landanilekku pookunna shatru vimaanathil commanding officer adaykkukayaanennu ariyikkaan jii. sii. aii kantrolar kroo roomine telephone cheythu. rund vimaanangalum pottitherichathine thudarnnu undaaya hrasvamaaya theepidithavum avar kettu. 3./(phaast bomber wing 10, ezz. keey. jii 10) ll ninnulla ulrichu, eph. dablyu 190eiii-5,840047 coode qoo + ell. tii. bhoomiyilekku veezhumbol melaappiloode erinjathaayi kanningham pinneedu athbhuthappeduthi. addeham thante parachute thurakkukayum oru kaii odinjathine thudarnnu oru serch laitt samgham avane edukkukayum cheythu.
august 23 nuu ratri, dankirkkil ninnu oru eph. dablyu 190 avakaashappedukayum 1943 septambar 8 nuu aldebergil ninnu oru eph. dablyu 190eiii-5 addehathinte 19-aamathe vijayavum aaa varshathe avasana avakaashavaadavum theliyikkukayum cheythu. eph. dablyu 190 theerasamrakshana seena kadalil thakarnnuveezhunnath kandu. 1944 januvari moonninu ratri thante 20-aamatheyum avasaanatheyum vyoma vijayam nediya kanningham, oru messershmit mii-410 neey boulogneykku sameepamulla francilake pinthudarnnu athine vedivechu veezhthukayum cheythu. 14./(kilogram 2) ll ulppedunna yuu5 + phee coode ulla yanthram, 1717, maarkvisil thakarnnu. helmut shulz hains begar kollappettu.
1944 januvariyil luftwaff ooppareshan stainbock aarambhichu. aakramanathinide kanningham rund avakaashavaadangal phayal cheythu, athu 1944 meyy vare neenduninnu. 1944 februvari raathriyil, steppelharstinu sameepam <aii. dii. 2> ll 188 juunil oru jankarukalkku kedupaadukal sambhavichathayi addeham avakashappettu. oru juulai 188 nashtappettu, athinte nasham mattoru pailattin kaaranamaayi. februvari 1nuu ratri, beechil ninnu mattoru juulai 188nuu ethire addeham vijayasadhyatha avakashappettu. oru ratri poraaliyude aakramanathe athijeevichathinu sesham juulai 188e-1 choolomiyarukalil ethi. 260222, coode yuu5 + aan <aii. dii1> 2 ll ninnulla rund kroo amgangalkku parikkettu; johann tribel, vihem sponeman. eee dauthyangalil, kanningham eathaandu vedivechittirunnu. aasternil ninnu juulai 188 nuu adachappol, thokkudhaarikal pettennu vediyuthirkkukayum junkermar ozhivaakkunna thanthrangal sweekarikkukayum cheythu. oru raundu windscreenil thatti, athu eathaandu thakarnnu. glass sakalangal mukhathu thatti; iva pinneedu oru feeld ashupathriyil ninnu neekkam cheythu. pinneedu, jarmman vimaanathinte pinbhaagathu ratri poraalikale kandethaan puthiya radaraya nepttan upayogikkunnundennu pidikoodiya jarmman samgham rahasyaanveshana udyogastharodu paranju. angane bomberukale athbhuthappeduthuka kooduthal budhimuttaayi. 1944ll sathruvumaayulla kanninghaminte avasana ettumuttal oru mii-410neey pinthudarunnathilaayirunnu. franch theerathinu sameepam windscreen mangiyappol addehathinu athu upekshikkendivannu.
1944 march 3nuu addehathinu dii. ezz. oo. ykku mattoru baar labhichu. addehathinte dridanishchayavum karthavyathodulla achanjalamaaya bhakthiyum prashamsaykku atheethamaaya oru maathrkayaanu" enna udharaniyaanu. 1944 epril 11 nuu, kanningham soviyatt union desasnehaparamaaya yudhathinte kramam, onnaam klaas upayogichu alankarichu.
group kyapttan.
1944 maarchil kanningham 85 schwadroninte command upekshichu. ratri pravartthanangalude kamaandaraayi addehathe group captanaayi (jipi sii. pii. tii) niyamichu. 11 group raaf. 26-aamm vayassil aaa rank nediya ettavum praayam kuranjavaril oraalaayirunnu addeham. eyar marshell roderic hill adolph malanodoppam dii havilandilekku report cheyyaan aavasyappettu. avar dii havilland vampire pareekshichu parathanamaayirunnu. eee yanthram oru anuyojyamaaya ratri poraaliyaakkumennu kanningham abhiprayappettu. dii havilland goblin turbojettinte pravarthanangalekkurichu addehathinu parichayamillengilum, oru naavigettar anuvadikkunnathinaayi kokkpitt vipuleekarikkukayum indhana taankukal vipuleekarikkukayum cheythaal, eee tharam oru sakthamaaya interceptar undaakkumenn addeham shupaarsha cheythu. testt flaittinginide, kanningham ransley raaf uksbridjil ninnu normandic mukaliloode parannu. 1944 juun 9nuu seeninu vendiyulla yuddham aarambhichathode avar britiish mekhalaye marikadannu. avare shatru vimaanangalil vector cheythenkilum avarude sanbarkkam nilanirthaan kazhinjilla.
1944 juun 13 nuu vii-1 flying bomb akramanam aarambikkukayum avaye thadayaan sahayikkaan kanninghamine chumathalappeduthukayum cheythu. illa enna nilayilum addeham thante sramangal ekopippichu. adhinivesha europil nuzhanjukayatta pravarthanangalil earppettirunna 100 group raaf. bomb pottitherikkukayum aakramanakaari poraaliye nasippikkukayum cheiyunna apakadangal kaaranam vii-1ezz thadayaan kothukukale upayogikkunnathil kanningham aashankaakulanaayirunnu. addehathinte muun commanding offeesarmaaril oralum nilavile group kyapttan edward crewe; 15 shatru vimaanangalum 31 vii-1 kalum ulla oru easu, kothukinte mookk pilarnnappol rakshappedaan nirbandhithanaayi. eee pravartthanangal adikakaalam neenduninnilla, 1944 augustode kothukukal bomber support douthyangalilekku thirichetthi. 1944 septambar 1 nuu addehathe wing kamaandaraayi (dablyuji cdr) (yuddha-ganyamaaya) sthaanakkayattam labhichu.
yudhathinte avasaanathode addeham thante bhooribhaagam samayavum europiludaneelam parannuyarukayum vividha commanding offeesarmaareyum yoonittukaleyum kandumuttukayum cheythu. thanikk pravartthikkaan avasaram labhikkatha mattu tharangalil parakkaan addeham thante sthaanam muthaledutthu. atharam yaathrakalil addeham pathivayi supermerine spittfayarukal paratthi. normandy prachaaranatthinu thottupinnaale addeham irelandile ammaye sandarshikkaan avadhiyeduthu. italiyile ansioyil nadanna aakramanathil bharthaav kollapetta addehathinte sahodari meriyodum (anantharavalkkum) oppamaan avar thaamasichirunnathu. 1945 meyy 8 nuu jarmmani keezhadangunnathuvare addeham 11 grouppukalil thudarnnu.
1945 joolaiyil addehathe vidoora kizhakode ayachu. jappanil ninnu singapur veendedukkaan upayogikkaanirunna raaf senayude oru koottamaaya oru samgham roopeekarichu. malta, keyro, baghdad, karachi vazhi kanningham ransley rankoonilekku parannu. avar ethiya udan thanne jappanethiraaya aanava akramanangalekkurichu avar manassilakki. 1945 septambar 2nuu jappan keezhadangukayum randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanikkukayum cheythu. raafil oru sthiramaaya kammeeshan vaagdaanam cheythirunnenkilum thaan avide thudarukayaanenkil thante currier bharananirvahanam, nayaroopeekaranam, staaf kozhsukal, kammittikal ennivayil kudungikkidakkumennu addeham bhayapettu. athinartham parakkal oru dvitheeya thozhilaayi maarumennaan. havilandilekku madangaan addeham theerumaanichu. kazhinja venalkkaalath addehathe mochippikkaan kambani raafinodu aavasyappettirunnuvenkum athu nirasikkapettu. 1945 novemberil addeham audyogikamaayi dii-mobilise cheyyappedukayum desember 1 nuu dii haavilaandil veendum cherukayum cheythu.
yudhaananthara pravartthanangal.
1946 august 1 nuu kanningham thante raaf kammeeshan audyogikamaayi upekshichu group kyapttan (jipi sii. pii. tii) padavi nilanirtthiyenkilum schwadron leader (ezz. kyu. enn. ell. dii. aarr) enna sthira rangode punasamghadippicha ooksilari airforcil (aaf) thudarnnu. 1946ll vyoma manthraalayathinte abhyarthana maanich addeham thante pazhaya ooksilari schwadron parishkarichuvenkilum 1967 august 1nuu reserve schwadron leaderayi viramikkunnathuvare royal ooksilari airforcil (rouksaaf) reserve offeesaraayi sevanamanushtichu.
havilaandil vachu, yudhasamayathu valareyadhikam vikasicha oru kambaniyil addehathinu 1,500 poundu shambalam labhichu. jeevanakkaarude ennam 5,000 ll ninnu 38,000 aayi uyarnnu. kambaniyude vittuvarav yudhathinu munbu 15 laksham poundil ninnu 25 dasalaksham poundaayi, ippol 100 oolam faaktarikalude pinthunayundu. jiophree dii havilland jooniyarinte melnottatthil dii havilland enchin kambaniyude cheef testt pailat enna padavi kanningham etteduthu. sweedish vyomasenayumaayum swis vyomasenayumaayum niravadhi karaarukalil pailattaayum kansalttantaayum kanningham sevanamanushtichu. iru raajyangalum addehathe niyamikkaan thaalpparyappettirumnum dii havilland vampire, britiish airbone radar roopakalppana ennivayekkurichu upadesikkaanum nalkaanum maathramaan kanningham sandarshichathu. 1990ll, thangalude avasaanathe vaambayarukale pinvalichappol oru thadi staandil gadippichirikkunna kantrol kolatthil ninnulla spade-grip swis addehathinu sammaanichu. 1997ll sweedish vimanangal viramichappol, sweedish sevanathinte 50 varsham aaghoshikkaan addehathe kshanichu.
1946 septambar 27nuu jiophree dii havilland juuniyar, thans nadeemukhathu <aii. dii. 1> vizhungi pareekshichukondu kollappettu. swittsarlandile aadyathe vampire ethikkaan ore samayam kanningham purappettirunnu. pittennu raavile, janeevayile prabhaathabhakshanathil swis pathrangalil ninnu dii haavilaandine kaanaathaayathaayi kanningham manassilakki. kudumbatthe nannayi ariyunna kanningham, dii havilandinte pithavumaayi bandhappedukayum, addehathinte mattoru makan joonn 1943ll kothukukal paratthumbol koottiyidichu marikkukayum cheythu. dii havilland seeniyarinte karar prakaram kanningham jiophree juuniyar etteduthu.'prathivarsham 2,000 poundu nirakkil poost cheiyunnu.
1948 maarchil, prethashakthiyulla oru vaambayaril addeham loka flaitt uyaram record sthaapichu. 45 minitt neenduninna vimanam 13.5 minittinullil ethi. adutha varsham, 1949 juulai 27 nuu aadyamaayi paranna lokathile aadyathe jettu vimanamaaya dii havilland vaalnakshathrathe addeham pareekshichu. 1951 ll, kanninghamine britiish saamraajyathinte (obe) udyogasthanaakki, 1963 ll britiish saamraajyathinte (cbe) kamaandaraayi uyarthappettu. 1952 meyy 23 nuu, aduthide vidhavayaya raajnjiyude ammaye maargarat rajakumariyeyum alpsinu chuttum naalu manikkoor paryadanam nadatthi, ippol valare vijayakaramaya kayattumathi vaalnakshathramaaya addeham paratthi. oru ghattathil, raajnjiyude amma niyanthranam ettedukkumbol addeham melnottam vahichu. nambar amgangalkkoppam aval bhakshanam kazhikkanamaayirunnu. aaa ratri pinneedu 600 royal ooksilari airfozhs schwadron, aval oru vimanam paratthiyennu parayaan aakaamkshayode. 1950 kalude avasaanathil punarnirmmicha vaalnakshatram 3,4 enniva polulla prototypeukal pareekshanam cheiyunnathu kanningham thudarnnu. 1955ll royal airo klabbinte swarnna medel addehathinu labhichu. 1956 october 23nuu addeham amerikkayilekku pookukayum president dwaittil ninnu haarmon trophy sweekarikkukayum cheythu. isenhover. sivil eviyeshan sevanangalkulla ettavum abhimaanakaramaaya american trophiyaayirunnu ithu.
1958 desember 1 nuu addeham dii havilland board amgamaayi niyamikkapettu, pakshe 1960 ll kambani vitt hocker sidliyilekku layichu. sidley kambaniyumaayi chernnu 1962 ll hocker sidley tridentinte vikasanathil addeham nirnaayaka punk vahichu. 1940 ll beaufiter thokku kaazhchayile thakaraarukal pariharikkunnathin thaan aadyamaayi kandumuttya managing director arnold alexander haalinte keezhil kanningham pravarthichu. pinneedu, 1972 muthal 1979 vare chainees sarkkaarinte upadeshtaavaayum upadeshtaavaayum pravarthichathinaal kambani chainaykku vimanangal vitt varumanam vardhippikkaan shramichu. avarude nirbandhaprakaaram, vimana vilppanayude oru parambara poortthiyaakkunnathinaayi addeham viramikkal moonnu varshathekku maatti. 1975 meyy 1 nuu britiish sarkkar vyavasaayathinte desasaalkkaranam prakhyapikkukayum britiish aerospace (beyy) ellah raajyangaludeyum nirmmaathaakkale upayogikkukayum cheythu.
vimaanathil parakkumbol kanningham oru gurutharamaaya apakadatthinu irayaayi. 1975 november 20 nuu sareriyile dunsfold aerodromil, take oof cheythathinu thottupinnaale britiish aerospace bay 125-nte enchinukal niravadhi pakshikale kazhichu. adiyanthara landing nadatthaan nirbandhithanaaya kanningham vimanam ranveyil irakki, pakshe athu oru pothu rodinu kuruke neengi, avide aarr perumaayi oru kaarumaayi koottiyidichu, avar kollappettu; echs-125 ll aarum marichilla. kanningaminu rund kasherukkal thakarnnu, pakshe 1978 ll britiish aerospace roopeekarikkunnathuvare addeham hocker sidleyil cheef testt pailattaayi thudarnnu. 1980ll addeham britiish aerospaceil ninnu viramichu.
viramikkumbol, thanikkayi oru viramikkal fund nirmmikkumbol, chaarittabil swabhaavamulla vyomayaana kaaryangalil kanningham svayam samarppichu. 1980-ll vyomayaanathil abhilaashamulla yuvaakkale sahayikkunnathinaayi samarppichirikkunna chaarittiyaya sarr jiophree dii havilland flying foundeshante chairmaanaayi addeham niyamithanaayi. niravadhi varshangalayi, muun muthirnna raaf officermaar loyidinte 'peru' aayi lloyds oof landanil nikshepikkaan akarshikkappettu. paridhiyillaattha baadhyathayaayirunnu kanninghaaminte prathibaddhatha, athinaal 1988ll lloyd saambathika budhimuttilaayappol addeham valia kadangal nerittu. jeevithavasaanam vare mithavyayathode jeevikkaan addeham nirbandhithanaayi. orikkalum vivaham kazhikkaatha joonn kanningham 2002 juulai 21 nuu 84-aamm vayassil avivaahithanaayi marichu.
bahumathikalum puraskaarangalum.
yudhakaalathe addehathinte nettangalkkum sivil eviyeshanulla sambhavanakalkkum amgeekaaramaayi, 1963 leeii janmadina bahumathikalil addehathe oordar oof dhii britiish empire (cbe) kamaandaraayi niyamichu. 1978ll addehathinte sevanagalkk segrave trophy labhichu.
medalukalude vilppana.
2002ll kanninghaminte maranathethudarnnu, addehathinte sevana medalukalum parakkunna smaranakalum dii havilland aircraft kambani trasttinu kaimari. bentli priyari baattil oof brittan trastt appealinu vendi oru vidyaabhyaasa kendram, museum, yuvaakkalkkaayi flying scholarshippukal ennivaykkaayi fund swaroopikkaan sahaayikkunnathin 2012 septambar 6 nuu 384,000 poundinu medalukal vittu.