
adalydile tram tharangal

kazhinja varshangalil pravarthichukondirunna adalydile tram tharangale eee lekhanam vivarikkunnu kaar udamasthaavakaasham nannayi sthaapikkunnathinu munbu pothugathagatha joliyude oru pradhana punk ettedutha aadyakaalangal muthal; oru tram line maathram pravarthicha 49 varshathe kaalayalavil; nagaratthinte 21-aamm noottaandile tramway punarujjeevanathilekku.
1878 muthal adalide traamukalude moonnu kaalaghattangal.
adelide pothu, swakaarya gathaagathatthinte parinamam thekkan oostreliyayude saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya vikasanathe sookshumamaayi prathiphalippichu. adelide nagarapradeshatthinte valarcha kaaryakshamamaya pothugathaagathatthinte vikasanatheyum prathiphalippichu. kuthiravandi gathagatham adithara varshangalude savisheshathayaanu, ennaal vyaavasaayika vikasanavum praanthapradeshangalude valarchayum kaaranam tramway (railway) shringalakalude vipuleekaranam randaam lokamahaayudham vare nagara gathaagathathinteyum vikasanathinteyum oru savisheshathayaayirunnu.
adelide steel (allengil irumbu) reyilukalil theruvu vahanangal aadyamaayi oodiyathinushesham varshangalayi moonnu thalamura tramukalunda
kuthira tramukal.
1878 juun 10nuu aarambhicha 39 varshathe kuthiravandi yugathil, tramukal pradhaanamaayum eratta dekkukalullathum, adachitta saloon neelavum athe neelamulla thuranna irippidavum, otta dekkulla kaarukal neelavumullavayumaayirunnu. 11 kambanikalude udamasthathayilaanengilum avayude roopakalppanakal samanamaayirunnu nirmmaanatthil valare bharam kuranjathum kuranja spring ullathum. ennirunnaalum, manikkooril sharashari 8 kilometer (manikkooril 5 mile) vegathayil polum kuthirakal valikkunna theruvu vandikalude vegathayilum soukaryathilum avaa valia purogathiyaayirunnu. kadalkkaatt tramine idichukalayumenna bhayathaal henley beechilekku oodunna kuthira traamukalil uyarnna deck kyanwas chuvarottiyil gadippikkaathathil avarude bharam prathiphalichu, thudarnnu kuthira tramukal otta trackle ethir dishakalil sanjarikkumbol kandumuttukayum cheythu kuranja yaathrakkaarumaayittull onnu, kazhivulla purushanmaar paalam thettukayum, matte kaar kadannupokaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi vazhiyil ninnu valichedukkukayum cheythu.
franklin streettile dankaan & fraser limittad enna adalide kambani newyork nagaratthile joonn steefenson kambani nirmmicha (shippinginaayi polichumaattiya) nagaratthile aadyathe 20 kuthiravandi tramukal koottichertthu. adalide & suburban tramway kambaniyaaya avarkk oordar nalkia kambani 1897 muthal kensingtonile swantham faaktariyil kuthira tramukal nirmmichu.
1907 aayappozhekkum 1056 kuthirakal valikkunna 162 tramukal undaayirunnu, motham dairkhyamulla sarvees roottukal. cheria kaaryangalilozhike, avaa pravarthicha 36 varshathinidayil traamukalude roopakalppanakal vikasichilla.
1907ll thekkan australian sarkkar mikkavarum ellah kambanikaludeyum asthikal vaangukayum desemberil oru vaidyutheekaricha samvidaanam avatharippikkunnathinaayi munisippal tramways trastt (emm. tii. tii) samyojippikkukayum cheythu. electric lineukal nirmmikkumbol, trastt ettedutha niravadhi hozhs tramukal pravarthippichuvenkilum ennam kurayukayum 1914 joolaiyil adalide nagaratthil hozhs tram sevanangal poornnamaayum pinvalikkukayum yuddham moolamundaaya kaalathaamasathetthudarnnu 1917 ll otappetta portt adalide samvidaanathil pinvalikkukayum cheythu.
1889ll oru baattari tram pareekshichu.
lokamembaadumulla pothugathagatham engane parivartthanam cheyyappedumennu munkootty kaanicha oru saankethikavidya adelide hozhs tram yugathe hrasvamaayi avasaanippichu. 1889-ll-lokathile aadyathe vaanijyaparamaayi vijayakaramaya electric tram germmaniyil oodichu ettu varshathinu sesham, melbone overheadil pravartthikkunna electric tramukal avatharippicha athe varsham thanne-adelide aandu hindmarsh tramway kambani limittad jooliyante pettant electric traction saankethikavidya upayogichu pravartthikkunna oru traaminte pareekshanangal nadatthi. baattariyil pravartthikkunna tram kaar aayirunnu ithu, ithu overhead vayarukal sthaapikkunnathinulla chelavillathe vaidyuthiyude gunangal vaagdaanam cheiyunnathaayi pracharippikkapettu.
1889 januvari 9 nuu adalide coach bildermaaraaya dunken & fraser nirmmicha eratta deck hozhs kaaril ninnu sweekaricha kaar henley beechilekkulla niravadhi athivega yaathrakalil aadyathethaanu. adutha varsham railway level crossing apakadatthil rund vakthaakkalum kollappettathode padhathi avasaanichu. vaidyutheekaranathinaayi adelide 20 varsham koodi kaathirikkendi vannu.
electric tramukal.
mothatthil, 14 tharatthilulla 337 electric tramukal adalydinte tramvekalil pravarthichittundu, ithu 1958 ll street tramway adachupoottunnathilum ippol aake ullathilum alppam kooduthalaanu. 1909ll aadyathe electric traaminte udghaadanathinum 1953ll avasana traaminte vitharanathinum edayilulla 44 varshathinidayil munisippal tramways trastt eee lekhanathil vivarichirikkunna aadyathe 12 electric tram tharangalil 313 ennam kammeeshan cheythu.
aamukhathinte kramatthil traamukalude vishadaamshangal thaazhepparayunna paanalilund, [kaanikkuka] klikkucheythu vipuleekarikkaam.
irupathaam noottaandile tramukal.
emm. tii. tiyude 100 udghaadana tramukal jeey nirmmicha rund vadakke american designukalaayirunnu.jii. philadelphiyayude mikacha kambaniyaaya dunken & fraser adelide coach buildermar anthima asamblikkaayi ayachu, avar pinneedu 20 kaarukal koodi nirmmichu. 1910num 1912num idayil mattoru adelide coach builder, eiii. pengelli & qoo. edvaardstaunil ninnu 50 brill tramukal koodi kootticherkkukayum onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbulla motham tram nirmmanangal 170 aayi uyarthukayum cheythu. 
1913ll emm. tii. tii. swantham samvidaanathinte prathyeka aavasyangal niravettunnathinaayi athinte aadya roopakalppana vikasippichirunnu. 1958ll adachupoottunnathuvare athivega loading "drope sentar" traamukalil enpathinaalu ennam theruvu shringalayude pradhana aditharayaayi maarendathaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte parimithikal 1921 vare avayude nirmmaanam vaikippichu. vipuleekritha roottukalil ninnulla aavasyam niravettunnathinulla oru stopp gapp enna nilayil, 1918ll 20 naalu chakra tramukal vilakuranja reethiyil nirmmichu, udghaadana tram tharangalil aadyathethinu samanamaaya roopakalppana. 1925ll cheruthaayi kadathikkondupokunna otappetta portt adelide samvidaanam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi naalu brill lightwait tramukal irakkumathi cheythu.
1929-ll, thettaaya thudakkathinu irupathu varshathinu sesham, glenelg railway line vaidyutha pravarthanamaakki maatti. laininte bhooribhaagavum swakaarya reservation aayathinal, power oopparettad vaathilukalum madakkal gattangalumulla interaarban shailiyilulla athivega (thalkkalam) end-loading saloon tram emm. tii. tii roopakalppana cheythu. orumichu oodaan kazhivulla avayil muppath ennam line thurakkunnathinaayi thidukkathil nirmmichu. glenelg" allengil "bay" tramukal ennariyappedunna avaa 77 varshathekku ravanyoo sevanathil pravarthikkendathaayirunnu. 1939-ll glenelg traamukalude oru update cheytha pathipp roopakalppana cheythirunnuvenkilum yudhaananthara metteeriyal shaamam aadyathethum aathyanthikamayi ekavumaaya kaarinte avatharanam 1953 vare vaikippichu.
avasaanathe tram nirmmikkumbol, 1952 juunil oru paarlamentari select kammitti emm. tii. tiyekkurichulla oru report avasaanippichu. pinneedu southu australian sarkkar emm. tii. tii boardil bhooribhaagavum ulppedunna praadeshika sarkkar kaunsilarmaare sarkkar udyogastharumaayi maattisthaapikkukayum adelide ellah tram sevanangalum adachupoottaanulla uddeshyam prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. avasaanathe street tram 1958 november 22 nuu pravarthichu, adelide bhoomishaasthraparamaaya kendramaaya victoria squareil ninnu glenelgile mosley skvayarilekkulla vazhiyil glenelg line athinte athulyamaaya traamukalum maathrame nilanilkkoo.
2006 aayappozhekkum glenelg tramukal 77 varshamaayi muzhuvan samaya pravarthanatthilaayirunnu. januvariyil puthuthayi naveekaricha glenelg lainil mathramalla, tirakkeriya central adalide rodukaliloode victoria squarinu vadakku vyaapippikkenda puthiya theruvu lainukalilum pravartthikkaan oru puthiya thalamura tram avatharippichu. eee puthiya tramukale 100 seereesukalaayi namakaranam cheythu. varshaavasaanathode 1929-leeii vinteju tramukal saadhaarana ravanyoo sevanathil ninnu (avasaanatheth 2008-ll) valia thothil pinvalikkapettu, prathyeka avasarangalil idaykkide maathrame pravartthikkoo. 2009ll 200 seereesukalaayi randaamathe parambarayile puthiya tramukal sevanamarambhichu; 2017ll kooduthal tramukal ethi, ithu samvidaanathile motham traamukalude ennam 24 aayi.
 
eiii type cheyyuka.
1909 march 9 nuu, oru soumyamaaya thekkan australian sharatkaala dinathil, nagaratthinte electric tramway samvidaanathinte audyogika udghaadanathinaayi adalydinteyum sameepathulla kizhakkan praanthapradeshangaludeyum rodukaliloode pathukke pookunna 14 traamukalude ghoshayaathra kaanaan aayirakkanakkin aalukal ethi. pramukha kaarukalil oru hozhs traminu samanamaaya oru central saloon compartmentum oro attatthum cross-bench irippidamulla oru compartmentum undaayirunnu, ithu kaalaavasthaykku thurannirikkunnu. varshathil bhooribhaagavum adalydine samanamaaya kaalavasthayulla thekkan kaaliforniyayil eee roopakalppana janapriyamaayirunnu. athinaal avaye audyogikamaayi "naalu chakrangalulla, drope-end 'california kompineshan' kaarukal" ennu visheshippichu-rund tharam thaamasoukaryangale soochippikkunna "kompineshan".
100 traamukalude udghaadana kramatthil ezhupathu ennam eee roopakalppanayilaanu nirmmichathu. 1923ll aksharamalaakramam avatharippichappol avaye 'eiii' tharam ennu namakaranam cheythu.
irippida sheshi 40 yaathrakkaarundaayirunnu (saloonukalil 20 perum thuranna benchukalil 10 perum); mattoru 60 pere nilkkaan kazhiyum, motham krash looad 100 nalkunnu. 35 kilometer (22 mile) vare vegathaykku kazhivulla tramukal avar maattisthaapicha kuthira tramukale apekshichu samayakramathilum sukhasoukaryathilum valia purogathi avatharippichu. traamukalude roopakalppana mathramalla sugamamaya oru yaathraykk kaaranamaayatha kuthira tram trackukal maattisthaapikkunnathina emm. tii. tii. sthaapicha trackukal valare uyarnna savisheshathakalodeyaanu nirmmichathu-avaa puthiyavayaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, kaarinte iruvashathumulla naalu chakrangalulla trekkil ninnulla valia overhang, trekkinte veelbesinte eratti-uyarnna vegathayil aandolanangalkk kaaranamaayi.
1908lum 1909lum adelide coach bildermaaraaya dunken & fraser aanu 70 ennavum nirmmichathu, athil yukeyil ninnum usil ninnum labhikkuna running gear electrical upakaranangalum ulppedunnu. adelide & suburban tramway kambanikkaayi dunken & fraasarinu oru record nirmmaana kuthira tram kaarukalum melbone, ballaat, bendigo, jeelong ennividangalile niravadhi oopparettarmaarkkaayi kuthira, electric traamukalum undaayirunnu. jubili exhibition groundinte yanthra nirmmaanathilaanu kambani thudakkathil kaarukalum type bii kaarukalum nirmmichathu. ennirunnaalum, southu australiyayile royal agrikalcharal aandu hortikalcharal sosaittikk kettidam aavashyamaayi vannappol, kaarukal nirmmikkunnath vaikippikkukayum 1908 desember 23 nuu aasootritha theeyathiyil ninnu vaidyutha sevanangal thadayukayum cheythukondu nirmmaanam hackney depoylake maatti.
kensington, myaaretville, mailands, painaham, vaakkville, north adelide, parkside, anli, hyde paarkk ennivayulppede puthuthayi thuranna lainukalude varkk-kuthirakalaayirunnu tramukal. pinneedu valia tramukal labhyamaayathode croydon, portt adalide thudangiya shaanthamaaya roottukalilekk avaye tharamthaazhtthi. 1930kalil avar kramena viramichu, yudhakaala petrol rationing kaaranam 1941ll sambharanathil ninnu puratthuvannu, ithu rakshaakarthruthvam vardhippichu. ambathiyettu (naalu tharam eiii1 kaarukal) sthiramaayi jodiyakkiya jodikalaayi krameekarichu oru jodiyile rund tramukalkkum nirakk pirikkaan oru conductor aavashyamaanenkilum, oru jodiykk oru driverude aavasyakatha jeevanakkaarude aavasyangal 25 sathamaanam kurachu-yudhakaalathe oru pradhana sambadvyavastha thozhil shaamam. prashastha kuttikalude ezhuthukaaran srishticha kathaapaathrangalkk meeii gibbs ennu perittathinu sesham jodiyakkiya tramukal taamasiyaathe "bib aandu bub" enna vilipperilekku maari. 1950 vare australian sarkkar petrol rationing thudarnnathinaal yudhaanantharam avar sevanathil thudarnnu.
emm. tii. tii. sthaapikkappetta samayat amerikkayile street kaarukalil eyar breakkukal sthaapichirunnuvenkila avaa prayogatthilum releasilum valare vegathayullathum athinaal mechanical brekkukalekkaal surakshithavumaanennathil, avayil orikkalum oru tramukal gadippichittilla; 1920 nuu munbu tramukalonnum nirmmichirunnilla. saadhaarana nirthalaakkunnathinu adelide traamukalil oru hand break undaayirunnu, motorman cabil oru chakram swamedhayaa valayunnu, kaarukal mandagathiyilaakumbol motorukal ulppaadippikkunna oorjjathaal oorjjaswalamaaya vaidyuthakaanthika track breakkukal, adiyanthara saahacharyangalil.
1936ll victoriyayile samsthaana vaidyuthi commission moonnu tharam kaarukal vittu. bakkiyullava 1952 meyy maasathode sevanathil ninnu pinvalichu; avayil palathum shaakukalayi vittu.
sent kildayile tram museum 15 varsham neenduninna oru pradhana padhathiyil 14,15 tharam kaarukal punasthaapichu, athu 2021 ll sevana sevanathil praveshichappol avasaanichu.
"eiii1, eiii2 tramukalkku," "eiii1 type cheyyaanulla bii parivartthanam" "," "eiii2 type cheyyaanulla bii parivartthanam" "ennee thalakkettilulla vibhagangal kaanuka"."
bii tharam.
1909-ll emm. tii. tiyude udghaadana oordarinaayi, dunken & fraser eiii tharatthil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya us roopakalppanayulla 30 tramukal koodi nirmmichu. avayum naalu chakrangalulla kaarukalaayirunnu, pakshe avaykku eiii tharam adachitta saloon compartment illaayirunnu. ellah yaathrakkaareyum cross-bench seettukalil poornnamaayum thuranna compartmentil ulppeduthi, ithu taamasiyaathe "toast raakkukal" enna vilipperilekku nayichu. traamukalil 50 yaathrakkaarum 50 perr irikkukayum 100 krash lodinu nilkkukayum cheythu, ithu oru traaminte tharatthinu thulyamaanu.
pinneedu type bii ennu namakaranam cheyyappetta eee vahanangal beechilekkulla venalkkaala yaathrakalkkum kensington gardens, henley beach, semaphore ennividangalil emm. tii. tii samghadippicha kacherikalkkum janapriyamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, pull-daun kyanwas blindukal maathrame kalavastha samrakshanam nalkiyirunnulloo, avaa thekkan kaaliforniyayekkaal thanuppulla adalydinte mazhakkala shaityakaala maasangalil aparyapthamaayirunnu. ekkaaranathaal mosham kaalaavasthayil avar yaathrakkaarkkum conductormaarkkum prathyekichum janapreeti nediyirunnilla. kaarinu purathu palappozhum chalikkunna kaalnada bordukaliloode nadannu nirakk eedaakkendivarunnathil conductormark apakadasaadhyathayum undaayirunnu.
oduvil 30 tharam bii traamukalil 20 ennam "kompineshan tramukalaayi" parishkarichu oro attatthum rund cross benchukal avasheshikkunna oru puthiya central clossed saloon compartment nirmmichu. 1923ll pathinezh pere eiii1 ennum 3 neey eiii2 ennum tharamthirichu. iva adutha rund vibhagangalil vivarichittundu. oru "tostrack" portt adelide sisttathil emm. tii. tii baand upayogikkunnathinaayi nilanirthukayum 1929 ll glenelg tram laininte vaidyutheekarana adisthaana soukaryangalude nirmmaana velayil upayogikkunnathinaayi ganyamaayi parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. 
mikkavarum ellah tharam bii kaarukalum eiii1, eiii2 tharangalilekku parivartthanam cheythavayum 1936-ll sevanathil ninnu pinvalikkukayum 1946-ll raddaakkukayum cheythu.
eiii1 type cheyyaan bii parivartthanangal type cheyyuka.
1917-ll bii type "toast raakk" tramukal eerppamo thanuppo ulla kaalaavasthayil asweekaaryamaanennu jeevanakkarum yaathrakkaarum deerghakaalamaayi paraathippettirunnathine emm. tii. tii. prathikarichu. pathinezhupere dunken & fraser (ivayilonnu emm. tii. tii parivartthanam cheythirikkaamenkilum) vazhi "california kompineshan" tramukalaayi parivartthanam cheythu, ithu eee prakriyayil thuranna seettukalude ennam pakuthiyaayi kurachu. eiii2 typpilekkulla bii type parivartthanangal nadannathinu sheshamaan eee jolie cheythath. 1923 leeii aksharamala vargeekarana sanbradaayathinu keezhil avaye type eiii 1 aayi namakaranam cheythu.
parivarthanatthinu sesham tramukal nilavilulla tharam aykku samanamaayirunnu-thudarnnulla tharam sii kaarukalil oru roopakalppanayum thudarnnu. 1917num 1935num idayil emm. tii. tii. pravarthippichirunna otappetta portt adalide tram samvidaanathinaayi ezhu kaarukal parivartthanam cheythu. eiii1 tharam kaarukalkk eiii tharam pole thanne yaathrakkaarude seshiyum (irippidavum krash load) rating nalki.
naalu tharam eiii1 tramukal sthiramaayi jodiyakkiya "bib, bub" jodikalaayi parivartthanam cheythu, ithu mikka kaarukalkkum prayogikkunna yudhakaala thozhil-laabhikkal konfigareshanaanu. 1950ll sarveesil ninnu pinvalicha eiii1 tharam kaarukalil avasaanathethaanu eee naalennam, koodaathe oru traaminte settukal otta kaar pravarthanatthilekku parivartthanam cheythitilla.
sent kildayile tram myoosiyathinte shekharathilillaatha rund emm. tii. tii tram upa tharangalil onnaanu type eiii1.
eiii2 type cheyyaan bii parivartthanangal type cheyyuka.
itharathilulla moonnu traamukalum, eiii1 pole, janapreethiyillaatha bii "toast raakk" traamukalil ninnu parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum athupole thanne 1917-ll portt adelide tram samvidaanathil sevanathil praveshikkukayum cheythu. moonnu kaarukaludeyum pravartthanam kararukar ettedukkunnathinekkaal avarude hackney varkshoppukalil emm. tii. tii etteduthu. 
kaarinte madhyabhaagathu ninnu aarr cross bench seettukalum avayude thoonukalum neekkam cheyyukayum avaykku pakaram kanatha nirmmithamaya oru saloon sthaapikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu punarnirmmaanatthil ulppedunnathu. tramukal adisthaanaparamaayi eiii1 tharatthinu thulyamaayirunnu, ennaal anchu cheria kamaanangalkk pakaram moonnu valia janaalakalum bhaarameriyathum revated steel vashangalum ullathinaal eluppathil verthirichariyaan kazhiyum. eee randaamathe savisheshatha onnaam lokamahaayudhathil puthuthayi vinyasicha viplavakaramaaya britiish sainika aayudhangalude peril avarude vilipperaaya "taankukal" ennathilekku nayichu.
eee traamukalude irippidavum nilkkaavunna seshiyum eiii, eiii1, sii tharangalkk thulyamaayirunnu.
1935ll adachupoottunnathuvare otappetta portt adelide samvidaanathilaanu eiii2 tramukal pravarthichathu, athinusesham avaa hackney varkshoppukalilekku maatti. 1946ll rund mrithadehangal swakaarya vaangunnavarkk vittu. moonnaamathethu 1958 vare hackney varkshoppukalil sookshichirunnu, athu sent kildayile tramway myusiyathinu labhyamakki. museum athinte eiii2 konfigareshan nilanirthunnathinu munganana nalkikkond athinte yadhaartha tharam bii "toast raakk" konfigareshanilekku punarnirmmichu. thathfalamaayi, museum shekharathil illaatha rund emm. tii. tii tram upa tharangalil randaamathethaanu type eiii2.
sii tharam.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu rakshaakarthruthvathilum root vipuleekaranangalilum vardhanavu kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu emm. tii. tick kooduthal tramcarukal adiyanthiramaayi aavashyamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, yudhakaalathe kaadinyam valia traamukalude aasoothrithamaaya aamukhavumaayi munnott pogunnathu asaadhyamaakki. idakkaala nadapadiyaayi, eiii typinu samanamaaya 20 cheria kompineshan kaarukal dunken fraser chernnu <aii. dii. 1> ll nirmmichu. pinneedu sii type ennu namakaranam cheyyappetta eee kaarukalkk clerstori melkkooraykk pakaram kooduthal aadhunika thazhikakkudamulla melkoora undaayirunnu. avayude nirmmaana samayat type iii traamukalil ninnu neekkam cheytha motorukal gadippichirunnu. oronninum rettucheytha, moonnil rund bhaagavum veendum eiii tharam motorukalekkaal uyarnna, avaa valare vegathayeriya aaksilareshan praapthamakki. athe samayam austreliyayil raceukal nediya oru nyoosilaand reshozhsinu sesham avaa taamasiyaathe desert gold tramukal ennariyappettu. avarude vegathayum naalu chakra roopakalppanayum chernnu avarude mattoru vilipperaaya "bouncing billies" ennathinu kaaranamaayi. 1920kalil licencillatha basukalkkethiraaya emm. tii. tiyude malsarathe avar sahayichu, 1952 vare avaa ettavum tirakkeriya kaalaghattangalil upayogichirunnu. 1954 maarchil nadanna rajakeeya sandarshanathilaayirunnu avayude avasana upayogam.
dii tharam.
1909 meyy maasathil, aadyathe electric lineukal thurannathinu thottupinnaale, gathagatha aavasyam niravettaan 100 kaarukal paryaapthamallenn vyakthamaayi. 1909 meyy maasathil emm. tii. tii. nilavilulla naalu chakra kaarukalekkal valare valuppamulla tramukalkkaayi tenderukal aavasyappettu.
praadeshika tenderukalkku mattullavayekkaal vila valare kooduthalaayirunnathinal vaanijyaparamaaya kaaranangalal trastt avaa sweekarikkaan visammathichu. oru melbone kambaniyaaya nois bradezhs (melbone) pidiai limittad oduvil 50 kaarukalkkulla karar nedi (pinneedu 70 aayi vardhippichu). kaar bodikal nirmmikkunnath jeey aayirikkumenn avarude tender prasthaavichu.jii. filadelfiyayil sthaapicha brill kambani polichuneekkukayum pothinju austreliyayil veendum sthaapikkukayum cheythu. samsthaanathinu purathu jolie cheiyunnathinodu pothujanangalude ethirppu uyarnnathode emm. tii. tii. niyamasabha thekkan austreliyayil aayirikkanamenn aavasyappettu. nois sahodaranmaar pinneedu adalide coach buildermaarumaayi charcha nadatthi. pengalli & qoo. 36, 673 poundum 13 shilling aanennu "rajisttaril" report cheytha athe tender vilaykk avarude melnottatthil mrithadehangal sthaapikkuka. muun traamukalilennapole, running gear electrical upakaranangalum yuu. keyilum njangalil ninnum aavashyamaayi vannu.
1910num 1912num idayil nirmmicha 70 traamukalil motham 154 yaathrakkaare (54 perr irikkukayum 100 perr nilkkukayum cheiyunnu) vahikkaan kazhiyum. 20 ennam poortthiyaayappol, bakkiyulla 30 ennathinte roopakalppanayil maattam varuthi (pinneedu 50 aayi uyarthi): mosham kaalaavasthayil ninnu samrakshanam nalkunnathinaayi bench seettukalude oro variyum pothinjukondu sliding vaathilukal gadippichu. eee tramukale type dii ("clossed kompineshan metropolittan boggy kaarukal") ennu namakaranam cheythu; aadyathe 20 ennam type iii aayi maari.
eee valia kaarukalude roopakalppanayil paramavadhi traction trekkukal undaayirunnu, oru jody chakrangal thirichariyaan kazhiyunna vyaasam mattonninekkaal valare cheruthaanu (838 milleemettar allengil 33 inch, munbathe tharangalile athe vyaasam). valia chakrangalulla driving axel oodichirunnu; matteth oodichirunnilla. truck pivatt oof-sentar kandethunnathiloode, driving axilil kooduthal bharam vishramikkukayum kooduthal traction nalkukayum cheythu. bhaarathinte thaarathamyena cheria bhagam vahikkunna cheria chakrangal trekkine reyilukalil nayichu.
1912ll melbonile tramway trasttukalkkaayi dunken fraser nirmmicha eathaandu samanamaaya naalu tramukal 1927ll emm. tii. tii ettedukkukayum dii fleettil ulppeduthukayum cheythu.
cross bench eriyaykkullil traamiloode neengaan maargamillaathathinaal, tram pravartthikkumbol nirakkukal eedaakkaan conductormark baahya footboardukaliloode pokendivannu-thanuthatho mazhakkaalamo aaya kaalaavasthayil sliding vaathilukal thurakkendivannappol ithu kooduthal apakadakaramaanu. 1934ll, nirakk pirikkumbol conductormark parikkettathinetthudarnna, oru madhya idanaazhi sentar bulkheadiloodeyum eee traamukalude aarr cross-bench seettukalil naaliloodeyum murichumaatti.
1958ll street network adachupoottunnathuvare type dii tramukal pathivayi pravarthichu.
iii tharam.
ezhupathu kaarukal "kompineshan metropolittan boggy kaarukal" oru oordar cheythu. pengelli & qoo. 1910-ll, aadyathe irupathu (iii type pole) type dii-yumayi valare saamyamullavayaayirunnuve thuranna vibhaagathil mosham kaalaavasthayil ninnu yaathrakkaare samrakshikkunnathinaayi roller blindukal maathrame undaayirunnulloo. thudarchayaaya cross bench seettukalkku kandakdarkk footboardil ninnu nirakk eedaakkendivannu. iii-traamukalude type dii-yude athe passenture looad rating undaayirunnu 54 irikkunnathum 100 nilkkunnathum. muzhuvan groupinum 24 shillingukal ($a2.20) nirakkil kudumbangale bensaidilum maagililum piknikkilekku kondupokunnathinu tramukal prathyekichum janapriyamaayirunnu.
thekkan australiyaykku purathu puthiya tramukal nirmmikkunnathine praadeshika abhiprayam shakthamayi ethirthu. thathfalamaayi, type iii tramukal nirmmichathu jeey aanu.jii. 1910 muthal 1912 vare bhagangalaayi irakkumathi cheythathum pengelli upayogichu kootticherthathumaaya philadelphiyayile brill kambani. munbatheppole, mechanical, electrical gadakangal yukeyil ninnum usil ninnum uravidamaakki.
1918ll, 50 echpi rettucheytha motorukalkku pakaram 65 echpi traction motorukal ellah tharam iii kaarukalil gadippichu.
1936ll ellaatharam iii kaarukalileyum thuranna pradesham vipuleekritha saloon kondu chuttappettirunnu. parivartthanam cheytha kaarukalkk iii1 tharam ennu namakaranam cheythu.
1958ll street tram pravartthanam avasanikkunnathuvare chilatharam iii tramukal ravanyoo sevanathil nilaninnu.
iii1 ennu type cheyyaan iii parivartthanangal type cheyyuka.
1930kalude madhyathode emm. tii. tiyude pakuthiyiladhikam kaarukalkkum ekadesham 30 varsham pazhakkamundaayirunnu. mahaamaandyathinte valia saambathika kaadinyangal puthiya kaarukalude nirmmaanatthe thadanju, pakshe emm. tii. tiyude varkshoppukalil pazhaya kaarukalil mechappeduthalukal varuthi. motormaante bulkheadin pinnil oru cross-bench seett nilanirtthiyozhike cross benchukal neekkam cheyyukayum muzhuvan kaar neelathinum saloon vipuleekarikkukayum cheiyunnathu ulppedunna ellah tharatthilulla iii traamukalum iii 1 typilekku parivartthanam cheiyunnu. yadhaartha (pukavalikkaatha) salooninu puthiya upholster irippidam labhichu; neekkam cheytha thadi saloon seettukal puthiya saloonilekk maatti.
oro attatthum oru cheria vaathil maathramundaayirunnathil tirakkeriya samayangalil kayarunnath budhimuttaayathinaalaanu parivartthanam cheytha tramukal pettennu janapreeti nediyilla. ennirunnaalum, thuranna bhagam valayam cheiyunnathu conductormark baahya footboardukal uyarthunna gurutharamaaya suraksha apakadatthe illaathaakki.
eph type athinte vakabhedam eph1 umm.
oduvil onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte kadutha parimithikalil ninnu mochithanaaya emm. tii. tiyude cheef enchineeyarum general manejar dablyu.jii.tii. aarr varii yaathrakkaarkk valare vegathil looad cheyyaanum irakkaanum kazhiyunna oru puthiya "drope sentar" tram goodman roopakalppana cheythu. iruvashathumulla adacha saloonukalekkaal thaazheyulla traaminte thuranna vibhaagathil avar praveshikkukayo upekshikkukayo cheythu, kuranja sthalam edukkunna kooduthal aadhunika running gear vazhi ithu saadhyamaayi.
itharathilulla eph traamukalum avayude vakabhedamaaya eph1 umm 60 perkku irikkukayum 110 perkku koodi irikkaanulla edavum 170 yaathrakkaarude krash looad undaayirunnu, ithu avarude mungamikalilonnaaya mattellaavarekkaalum moonnil rund kooduthalaanu. muun emm. tii. tii tramukale apekshichu kooduthal sthalavum soukaryavum nalkunna avaa valare janapriyamaaya roopakalppanayaayirunnu. naalu aaksilukalilum (ellah chakrangalum ore vyaasamulla) 40-echpi traction motor (thudakkam muthal gadippicha eyar breakkukalum) kaaranam avayude acceleration breaking avarude mungaamikale apekshichu valare mikachathaayirunnu.
motham 84 ennam nirmikkappettu, ithu adalydil upayogikkunna ettavum saadhaaranamaaya tramukalaayi maari. praadeshika coach nirmmathaakkal eiii. pengelli & qoo. aadya 50 kaarukal aii. dii. 1ll nirmmichu, 1925ll eathaandu samanamaaya roopakalppanayulla 11 kaarukalum (niyukta tharam eph 1) 1928ll 20 eph 1 kaarukalum. emm. tii. tii 1927ll oru tharam eph 1 umm 1929ll rund kaarukalum nirmmichu. rund tharangalum thammilulla pradhana vyathyasam underframinte nirmmaanathilaanu type eph kaarukal steel, thadi frame nirmmanavum type eph 1 kaarukalkk ool-steel underframe undaayirunnu. itharathilulla niravadhi tramukal sevanathilundaayirunnathil, kappalppadayil niravadhi vishadaamshangal maari.
1929-ll, adelydine morfetville rescourseinum edayilulla glenelg lainil asaadhaaranamaaya trailer-kuthira gathagatha kaarukal-kondupokaan rund kaarukalil adhika eyar break paippukal gadippichu.
1953 october muthal, eph, eph 1 fleet typpile pakuthiyolam tramukal avayude tuscan-redu, cream nirangalil ninnu velliyilum carnation redu niratthilum punarnirmmichu. punar peyint cheytha mikka kaarukalum-veendum peyint cheyyaatha chilathum-motormaante compartmentinu pinnil oru emarjansi eksitt doorr gadippichirunnu, ithu eee traamukalile irippida sheshi 60 ll ninnu 56 aayi kurachu.
oru yaathrakkaaran "akathu" irikkukayaano illayo ennathu karsanamaaya oru achaarathaal niyanthrikkappedunnu. joonn radcliffe christopher steelum nireekshichathupole
lingangalude "yadhaartha" verthiriv yaathrakkaar parisheelikkunna asaadhaaranamaaya oru aacharam vikasippikkunnathil eee kaarukal pradhanamaayirunnu. niyamaparamaaya aditharayillaatha eee seelam, tramukalkku pakaram basukal sthaapikkunnathuvare urachuninna oru aachaaramaayirunnu. thettaaya compartmentukalil irikkunna yaathrakkaare avarude sahayathrikar "saamoohika bahishkaranam" swabhaavamulla onnaayi kanakkakki. purushanmaar ellaayppozhum "dropsentar" kaarukalude madhyabhaagathu (pukavali) undaayirunnappol sthreekalum kuttikalum avasana saloonukalil undaayirunnu. vivahita dambathikal polum kaaril kayariyathin sesham verpiriyunnu. kaarinte madhyabhaagathukoodi kadannupokumbol achhan ellaayppozhum kandakdaril ninnu ticket vaangumaayirunnu. conductor end saloonil athiyappol, valareyadhikam kaineettunnathinide, purathulla purusha yaathrakkaaril aaraan thante bharthaav ennu amma choondikkaanikkum. ellaavarkkum ticket undo ennu parisodhikkaan idaykkide kaarukalil kayariya inspectormark budhimuttaayirunnu. 
glenelg line ozhikeyulla samvidaanam 1958 november 22 nuu adachupoottunnathuvare 37 varshatholam muzhuvan adalide street tram shringalayilum dropsentar kaarukalkk pradhana pankundaayirunnu. rays metingukal, football malsarangal, veville shogroundile kaarshika shhow ennivayumaayi bandhapetta janakkoottathe vahikkaan avaa prathyekichum anuyojyamaayirunnu.
southu austreliyayil rajisttar cheytha kaarukalude ennam 1946ll 100,000ll ninnu 1956ll 240,000 aayi uyarnnappol athe samayam adalydile ellah tharatthilulla pothu rooad passenture traansporttukalum vahikkunna ridermaarude ennam 100 dashalakshathil ninnu 60 dashalakshamaayi kuranju enna vastutha ulppede niravadhi gadakangalude anthima anantharafalamaayirunnu street traamukalude vidhi.
"theruvu shringhala adachupoottunnathinekkuthu kooduthal vivarangal munisippal tramway trasttinte lekhanathilaanu".
jii tharam.
naalu tharam jii kaarukal nirmmichathu jeey aanu.jii. 1924ll philadelphiyayile brill kambani 1925ll sevanathil earppeduthi. avarude designaraaya chaals birneyude perilulla kambaniyude staanderd "birney sephtti kaar" aayirunnu avaa-amerikkayil cheria thothil kadathunna lainukalil janapriyamaayirunnu. avar niravadhi suraksha savisheshathakal ulppeduthukayum cheria vaidyuthi upayogikkukayum cheythuvenkilum avayude cheria wheelbase kaaranam "kadalilekku oru robot pole" sawari cheiyumennu parayappedunnu.
50 yaathrakkaare maathram vahikkunna cheruthaayi samrakshikkappedunna portt adelide samvidaanathekkaal saambathika pravarthanatthinulla oru pradhana aavasyam tramukal nirachu. avar madakkinalkunna vaathilukalum padikalum niravadhi suraksha savisheshathakalum ulppeduthukayum kurachu vaidyuthi upayogikkukayum cheythuvenkilum avayude cheria wheelbase kaaranam "kadalilekku oru robot pole sawari cheyyaan" pravanatha kaanichu. oru kandakdarude aavasyam illaathaakki driverk maathram pravarthippikkaan kazhiyunna adelide oreyoru tramukal avayaayirunnu. 80 varshathinusesham 100 seerees flexityum 200 seerees citadis traamukalum varunnath vare, videshathu poornnamaayum nirmmicha adalydile eaka tramukal koodiyaayirunnu avaa.
1935ll portt adalide samvidaanam adachupoottunnathinu munbu 10 varshatholam type jii tramukal oodi. adutha varsham, naalennam victoriyayile stettu electricity commission jeelongil upayogikkunnathinaayi vittu, mattu rund puthiya birney kaarukalumayi chernnu. 1947ll kammeeshan munkaala adelide kaarukal bendigo tramvekalilekku maatti, 1949ll bakkiyulla randennam. 1972ll samvidaanam adachupoottunnathuvare tramukal ravanyoo sevanathilaayirunnu.
echu (pinneedu, 300 seerees).
1929-ll, mahaamaandyam aarambhikkunnathin thottumunbu, dakshina australian reyilveyil ninnu 56 varsham pazhakkamulla neeravi-gadippicha eratta track southu terrous railway emm. tii. tii swanthamaakki. 600 wolt nerittulla vaidyuthadhaarayil overhead kattanari upayogichu ithu vaidyutheekarikkendathaayir. mattu adlied tram lineukalkku samaanamaayi track staanderd gejilekk punarnirmmichu. aaa varsham disambarode track naveekarikkukayum gej-parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheythu, railwake mukaliloode melbonylake oru melppaalam nirmmikkukayum vaidyutheekarana adisthaana soukaryangal sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 
adalydine beach praanthapradeshamaaya glenelgin edayilulla pathayil athivega sevanam nalkunnathinu-athinte 85 sathamaanavum oru prathyeka idanaazhiyil-30 neelamulla, poornnamaayum adacha end loading saloon kaarukal roopakalppana cheyyukayum nirmmikkukayum cheythu. 1929 desemberil sevanathil praveshicha sesham 70 varshatholam avar dainamdina sevanathilaayirunnu.
glenelg tramwayudeyum athinte rolling stokkinteyum nirmmaanam orupakshe emm. tii. tii cheef enchineeyarum general maanejarumaaya dablyu.jii.tii. nalla manushyante ettavum valia nettam. janmam, vidyaabhyaasam, aadyakaala professional anubhavam ennivayil goodman oru engleeshukaaranaayirunnavi addehathinte ashayangalil palathum sakthamaaya vadakke american swaadheenathe prathiphalippichu. rolling stokku roopakalppanayude kaaryatthil, echu tharam kaarukalil mathramalla, stokku us street kaar roopakalppanakalilum, leauttilum vishadaamshangalilum, udghaadana adelide street tram samvidaanathinu addeham 1908-1912-lum phaast loading street tramukalkkaayi 1918-ll (nirmmichathalla) designilum ishtappettathaayi vyakthamaan. akkaalat vadakke amerikkayil pravarthichirunna noorukanakkinu interban kaarukalil echu typpinte roopakalppana savisheshamaayirunnu. nagara theruvukalilum nirmmitha pradeshangalkkidayil swakaarya raitt oof veyilum pravartthikkunna nagara traamukalekkaal (vadakke amerikkayile street kaarukal) bhaarameriyathum vegathayeriyathumaaya vaahanangalkkaanu interban enna padam prayogichathu. irupathu varsham munbu laininte vaidyutheekaranathinaayi goodman samanamaaya oru roopakalppana nirddeshichirunnuvenku rund varshathinu sesham thekkan australian paarlamentil avatharippicha vaidyutheekarana bill parajayappettu.
yaatra cheiyunna pothujanagalkk tramukal avarude lakshyasthaanamaaya "glenelg", "bay" tramukal (glenelg sthithicheyyunna holdfast bake sesham) ennariyappettu. avaa thudakkam muthal valare janapriyamaayirunnu; oru "bay" tramile oru yaatra yaathrakkaaran 1920 kalile saankethikavidyayude sukhakaramaaya anubhavam nalki, athu varshangal kadannupokumbol kooduthal avismaraneeyamaayi maari. bryan andruz "sittiyileyum glenelgile" thante balyakaala yathrakal anusmarichu
valia chuvanna kaaril kayarunnu... cooney" (conductor) traamiloode nadannupokumbol njaanum amayum pukavalikkaatha saloonile sukhakaramaaya oru lether seettil thamasamaakkum, rund kaikalaalum oru "kalunkada kalunkada" upayogichu oru jody reversible seettukal eriyunnu. appol, oru moorchayulla shabdathode, oru "klunk" upayogichu, madakkinalkunna vaathilukal adaykkukayum padikal traaminte vashathekku madakkukayum cheyyum, cheria oru virayal kondu njangal erangippokum. adutha stoppil erangaan aagrahikkunna yaathrakkaar prerippikkunna push-button basarukalude shabdam, tram level crossingukal sameepikkumbol hoottarinte blair, idaykkide "duga dagga dagga" breakkukalkkum niyanthrana samvidaanathinum vaayusanjaaram punasthaapikkaan eyar compressor murichumaattumbol tharayude adiyil ninnu duroohamaayi shabdam enniva yathraye viraamappeduthum.
kaar bodikal nirmmichathu eiii aanu. pengelli & qoo. 1910 muthal street netvarkkinaayi tramukal nirmmicha oru kambaniyaaya edvaardstaunile adalide praanthapradeshathil ninnu 5,000 poundu veetham. steel undergear gadakangalum electrical upakaranangalum yukeyil ninnum usil ninnum vevvere uravidamaakki; compensating-beam truck frameukal vitharanam cheythath komanvelthu steel kambaniyaaya illinoyisinte australian ejantumaaraanu, backie truck nirmmichathu emtidiyude hackney varkshoppukalaanu.
body, kall) neelamulla, dippokalilekko suburban street lainukalilekko pookumbool theruvukalile konukal maaykkaan anuvadikkunnathinu mattu tramukale apekshichu alppam kurravulla attangalum veethiyum undaayirunnu glenelg laininaayi prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheythittundenkilum, henley north, kensington gardens, cheltenham ennividangalilekkulla street tramway roottukalilum avar sevanam kandu. vaayuvil pravartthikkunna eratta vaathilukalum thaazhathe padikalum oro attatthum vegathil loading anuvadichu. entry westibulil ninnu, oru padi mukalilekku uyarnnathu reversible lether seettukalulla oru saloonilekk nayichu, yadhaarthathil pukavalikkareyum pukavalikkaathavareyum verthirikkaan midu-kaar, phul-haitt partition. onniladhikam yoonit pravartthanam (moonnu kaarukal vare ennaal 1937 leeii oru valia apakadatthinu sesham randaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu), automatic acceleration remot electro-numatic niyanthranavum, automatic tomlinson kaplarukalile electrical, compressed-eyar kanakshanukal parasparam bandhippichirikkunnu. naalu motorukal gadippichu, traamukalude paramavadhi vegathayil parimithappedutthi. eathaanum varshathe sevanathinushesham traamukalil eyar hoonn gadippichirunnu.
vadakke american street kaarukalum interbansukalum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil muzhuvan maram nirmmaanatthil ninnu composit wood aandu steel muthal heviveyt steel (ekadesham 1909) vareyum 1920-kalil bharam kuranja steelilekkum parinamichu. muzhuvan steel nirmmanavum attakuttappanikalum oru ethir kaarinte thadi bodiyiloode oru steel underframe skait cheytha oru koottiyidikku antharleenamaaya jeevan nashtappedaanulla saadhyathayum kurachu. naalu varsham munbu emm. tii. tii jeey. yill ninnu birney suraksha kaarukal irakkumathi cheythirunnu.jii. bharam kuranja urukk kondu nirmmicha brill kambani, echu traamukalude saadhaarana vegathayekkaal uyarnnathaanengilum, emm. tii. tii athinte roopakalppanayil eee vilakuranja savisheshatha ulppeduthiyitla. pala glenelg line koottiyidikkum, prathyekichu level crossingukalil, avayude durbalata sthireekarikkunna ganyamaaya attakuttappanikal aavasyamaanu.
1930kalil, anchu traamukalude trolley thoonukal pareekshanaathmakamaayi vyathyastha paatten ulla paantograafukal upayogichu maatti. ennirunnaalum, akkaalathe overhead vayarukal, oru kattanari sisttathil suspended cheythittundenkilum, "sig-sag cheytha" (oru vashath ninnu mattonnilekku staag cheythirikkunnu) ennathinekkaal traaminte madhyarekhaykku sameepam krameekarichu, ithu vayarin urappakkaan athyaavasyamaanu. pareekshanatthile ellah paantograafukalum asamamaayi dharichirunnathinaal thudarnnulla pravartthanangal nirthalaakki.
1956ll muzhuvan kappalpadayum veendum motor cheythu, yadhaarthathil yaadhaarthyamaakaatha echu 1 kappalppadaykkaayi uddeshichulla alppam kooduthal sakthamaaya motor. eyar honukal maatti sthaapichu; gongukal avasheshichu.
1986ll, angas street (sitti) depoyil ninnu glenelg lainile puthiya glengovery depoylake pravartthanangal maattukayum overhead wiring punarnirmmikkukayum cheythappol (vayar "sig-jagg" aayi rigging cheiyunnathadakkam), avasheshikkunna 21 kaarukalil 11 ennathilum paantograafukal gadippikkukayum 21 ennathilum avarude trekkukalil roller bairingukal gadippikkukayum cheythu. akkaalat regency paarkk aasthaanamaayulla samsthaana gathagatha athorittiyude varkshoppukalil patthu kaarukal avarude aadyathe valia naveekaranathinu vidheyamaayi.
2001lum 2002lum chila tharam echu kaarukal naveekarikkukayum aasbattos neekkam cheyyukayum electronic invertor niyanthranangal yadhaartha niyanthrana gearinu pakaram vaykkukayum cheythu. anchu kaarukalkk poornnamaaya punarnirmmaanam nalki.
2005ll bakkiyulla ellah kaarukalum parishkarichu, athinaal avaykku puthiya 100 seerees flexity classic tramukalkkaayi sajjamayi nirmmicha naveekaricha passenture plaattphomukal marikadannu pravartthikkaan kazhiyum, athu idungiyathaayirikkum.
1929ll avatharippichappol, mattu adelide traamukaleppole, kaarukalkk warnish cheytha tuscan-redu, deep cream livery, warnish cheytha thadi inteeriyarukalum karutha undergear labhichu. 1952num 1956num idayil ellaatharam echu kaarukaludeyum vasthrangal silver, carnation redu, ashbury green interior enningane maatti. 1959lum 1960lum rund kaarukal hraswakaala pareekshanathmaka chaaraniratthilum carnation chuvapp niratthilum varachu, 1971ll mattu rund kaarukalkk ore vasthram labhichu, ennaal velliyude melkkoorakal taamasiyaathe vrithikettathaayi kaanapedunna prashnam marikadakkaan "railway" chuvanna melkoora nalki; eee ashayam sweekarikkapettilla. 1971ll 18 kaarukal vipulamaayi naveekarichappol muthal ellah silver traamukalum avayude yadhaartha bahyavum aantharikavumaaya vasthrangalilekku thirichetthi.
chila kaarukalkk paraamarshichathil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya livarikal labhichu. 1979ll glenelg lainil tramway pravartthanatthinte 50-aamm vaarshikam aaghoshikkunnathinaayi kaar 377 karuppum svarnnavumaaya vasthram kondu veendum peyint cheythu, athu kurachu varshathekku nilanirtthi. 1979ll oru southu australian school festivalinte bhaagamaayi glenelg pradeshathe vidyaarthikal kaar 380 hrasvamaayi oru prathyeka vasthramaayi punarnirmmichu. 1990ll oru restorant kaarayi maariyappol 378 kaarinu chaaraniratthilulla melkoorayulla, royal blue, gold lined livery labhichu.
2006-ll, adalydinte tramway punarujjeevanathinaayi vangiya puthiya traamukalil aadyathethu pravartthanam aarambhichappol, oru samkhyaa "seerees" vargeekaranam pazhaya aksharamala samvidaanathe maatti. athinusesham 2015ll avaa pravartthanam nirthunnathuvare, type echu tramukale 300 seereesukalaayi namakaranam cheythu, avayude nilavilulla nambarukal soukaryapradamaayi nalki.
1950kalude avasaanathilaanu type echu kaarukal sevanathil ninnu aadyamaayi pinvalikkappettath; 1968 aayappozhekkum 26 kaarukal kappalppadayil ulppettirunnu.
2005 septambaril, 16 kaarukal vilkkunnathinum neekkam cheiyunnathinumaayi tenderukal vilichirunnu patthu pravarthanakshamamaaya; restorant kaar 378; anchu pravarthanarahithamaayava. paithruka parichayamulla myoosiyangal polulla samghadanakalkku oru tram sammaanamaayi allengil kuranja moolyathil thedaam. oru restorant, oru kidakkayum prabhaathabhakshana vediyile aakarshanavum, glenelgil oru vinodasanjaara pradarshanavum, oru reverland haiskoolile media stadees klaas room pole avayude thudarnnulla upayogangal vaividhyapoornamaayirunnu.
2006ll, puthiya flexity classic tramukal vannathode kaarukal kramena pinvalikkapetta oru parivartthana kaalaghattam aarambhichu. 2007 aayappozhekkum mikathum pinvalikkapettu; glenelg lainile anthima ravanyoo sevanam 2008-layirunnu, appozhekkum kaarukalkk 79 varsham pazhakkamundaayirunnu. vaaranthya "heritteju tram" sevanavum charter trippukalum nadathunnathinaayi avayil anjennam glengovery depoyil nilanirtthi, avayil avasaanatheth 2015 ll nadannu. avaa tramway myoosiyangal etteduthu, avide mikathum pravarthippikkaannavunnavu.
echu1 ennu type cheyyuka.
1958ll adalydinte street tramwakel adachupoottiyappol, emm. tii. tii kappalppadayile ettavum aadhunikamaaya echu1 kaar 381 aayirunnu. 1939ll aadyam aasoothranam cheytha 40 kaarukalkkulla oru oordaril aadyathethaanu ithu. ennirunnaalum, randaam lokamahaayudham edapettu, yudhaananthara metteeriyal shaamam 1950 vare nirmmaanam vaikippichu. adalide buzz nirmmaathaav jeey.eiii. rund prototypeukalil onnaayi lotanum puthranmarum, illa. basukalude niravadhi nirmmaana savisheshathakalum avasaanathinu pakaram traaminte madhyathil oru jody vaathilukalum ulla echu tharatthinte kaaryakshamavum ool-steel pathippumaayirunnu 381. saadhaaranayaayi "streamliner" ennariyappedunna ithu pothujanangalude bhavana pidichedukkunnunde, echu tharathekkaal cheria mechappeduthalukal maathrame ulppeduthiyulloo. 1953 januvariyil avatharippicha ithu athinte hraswa pravartthana jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum root cheytha kensington, henley north lainukalilaanu oodiyathu.
ennirunnaalum, 1953-ll adelide tramukalkku samayam theernnu. 1950 februvariyode petrol rationing avasaanikkukayum kudumbangal motor kaarukal vaangaan aagrahikkukayum cheythu; pothugathaagathatthinulla rakshaakarthruthvam 1946-ll 95 dashalakshathil ninnu 1951-ll 78 dashalakshamaayi kuranju. 1952 juunil, athinte thudakkathinu sesham aadyamaayi, trasttinu sahayamillaathe athinte saambathika baadyathakal niravettaan kazhiyillenna pravachanathetthudarnnu 1951-ll southu austreliya paarlamentinte adhosabha emm. tii. tii anweshikkaan oru select kammittiye niyamichu. 1952 februvariyil samiti athinte idakkaala kandethalukal puratthirakki, bhaaviyilekkulla aasoothranathil paraajayappettath ulppede trasttinte pala pravarthanangaleyum vimarshichu. pathinonnu maasangalkk sesham, echu1 kaar avatharippicha athe maasathil, 1907 muthal pradhaanamaayum munisippal kaunsil niyamikkunnavare ulkkollunna emm. tii. tii board, samsthaana sarkkaarinte puthiya board niyamikkunnavare upayogichu punasamghadippichu. gathagatha samvidaanathinte poornnamaaya punarparisodhanam board aarambhichu, glenelg line ulppede nilavilulla ellah tramwakelum buzz pravartthanatthode maattisthaapikkaan padhathikal thayyarakki.
angane tram 381 orutharam savisheshathayaayi maari; bhaagikamaayi nirmmicha 382 polikkukayum cheythu. 1957 desemberil ravanyoo sevanathil ninnu pinvalikkukayum 1965ll pravarthanakshamamaaya sent kildayile tramway myusiyathinu sambhavana cheyyukayum cheythu. anchu varsham maathramaan ravanyoo sevanathil chelavazhichathenkilum varshangalolam samrakshanathinaayi chelavazhichu.
21-aamm noottaandile tramukal.
100 seerees (bombardier flexity classic).
2005ll glenelg tram laininte naveekaranatthil aadyamaayi kanda adalydinte tramway punarujjeevanam, oru aadhunika tram kappalppadayude aadya vahanangalil 58 dasalaksham dollar nikshepathode thudarnnu. 2006 januvariyil aarambhicha pathinonnu bombardier flexity classic vahanangal pravartthanam aarambhichu, kramena echu traamukalude sthaanam ettedukkukayum 77 varsham thikayukayum cheythu. 
2004 septambaril onpathu traamukalude prarambha oordar labhicha bombardier mattoru lelakkaranethiraaya vitharana tender nediyirunnu. frankfurt transport kambaniyaaya vgfinu nadannukondirikkunna oru valia oordarinte pinbalatthil germmaniyile boutsonile faaktariyil ninnu asaadhaaranamaamvidham vegathil vitharanam cheyyaan kambanikku kazhinju.
tramukal neelamullathum moonnu vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkappettathumaan, vaahanathinte 70 sathamaanam thaazhnna nilayilulla uyarathilaanu.
munkaala flexity kaarukalil palathum adalydinte outtar harberil irakkukayum pinneedu delivarikal aadyam melbornilekku ayaykkukayum adalydilekku rooad vazhi valichidunnathinu munbu avide ninnu irakkukayum cheythu.
thudakkathil hamberg kaalaavasthaykkaayi nirmmicha traamukalude eyar contitioning samvidaanangal adilide uyarnna venalkkaala thapanilaye neridaan paraajayappettuvenkilum 2007 leeii enchiniyaring maattangaliloode avaa sariyaakki.
2007 octoberil thuranna victoria square muthal sitti vestt roottil adelide railway steshan vare vipuleekaranathinaayi rund flexity tramukal koodi krithyasamayathu oordar cheythu. 2008 aayappozhekkum vardhichuvarunna yaathrakkaarude ennam ulkkollunnathinayi kooduthal vaangunnathinupakaram traamukalude neelam vardhippikkunnathinulla asaadhaarana nadapadi samsthaana sarkkar pariganikkunnathayi reportund. ennirunnaalum, vadakkan terressil ninnu adlied vinoda kendrathilekkulla root vipuleekaranathinaayi naalu tramukal koodi venamennu 2008 septambaril bombardier oordar nalki.
flexity classic avatharippichathode, aasoothranam, gathagatham, adisthaana soukaryangal vakupp emm. tii. tiyude tram tharangalude aksharamala vargeekaranam oru samkhyaa samvidaanathilekku maatti, flexity klaasikkukal 100 seereesaayi maari. anoupachaarika bhashayil avaye palappozhum "flexittikal" ennu vilikkunnu; pothujanagalkk avaa "manja tramukal" aanu.
200 seerees (aalstom citadis 303).
aalstom nirmmicha thaazhnna nilayilulla tramukaludeyum laitt reyil vaahanangaludeyum shreniyile oru modalaan "citadis 303". 20 raajyangalile 50 ladhikam nagarangalile oopparettarmaarkku prathidinam 4 dasalaksham yaathrakkaare athikkunna 2,500 ladhikam citady tramukal vittu. sittidikalude oorjja chelavu basukalude naalilonn, kaarukalude patthilonnu aanennu aalstom avakaashappedunnu. fraansile laa roshell, reachshofen, valencienness ennividangalile aalstaminte faaktarikalilum speyinile barsalonayilum (adelide 200 seerees traamukalude kaaryatthilennapole) aljeeriyayile annabayilumaanu mikka citadis vaahanangalum nirmmikkunnath.
madridile sevanathinaayi spanish oopparettar metro ligaroyil ninnulla 70 citadis model 303 yoonittukalude oordarinte bhaagamaayi adelide 200 seerees traamukalil aadyathethu aalstom nirmmichu. lokamembaadumulla saambathika prathisandhiyude falamaayi padhathikal kurayunnathu avayil palathum deliveric thottupinnaale "puthiyathayi" sambharanathilekku konduvaraan kaaranamaayi. adelide entertainment sentarilekkulla puthiya lainile aavasyam niravettenda transdelide pinneedu aarr ennam vaangi oostreliyayilekku ayachu.
landingin sesham melbonil randaazhchathekku aalstom oru demonstratoraayi oodi; madridilekku delivari cheiyunnathinu munbu kambani stockhomil oru root ekstenshan pareekshikkaan orennam upayogichirunnu.
adelidel athunnathinumumbu melbonile preesttan varkshoppukalil aarr tramukal parishkkarichu.
kizhakkan vadakkan terressilum king vilyam roadle lainukalude vipuleekaranathil ninnulla pratheekshicha aavasyam niravettunnathinaayi 2017 desemberil moonnu tramukal koodi ethi.
100 seerees flexity classic tramukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, 200 seerees traamukalil uyarnna krash looad (115 yaathrakkaare apekshichu 186 yaathrakkaar) undu, ennaal 10 seettukal kuravaanu; yaathrakkaarude sthalathinte 100 sathamaanam thaazhnna nilakal; moonninekkaal anchu articlated vibhagangal chernnathaanu iva. avaykku 100 sereesinekkaal (7 adii ins) neelamundu. anoupachaarika bhashayil avaye "sitaadikal" tramukal ennu vilikkunnu; pothujanangal "chuvanna tramukal" enna padam upayogikkunnu.
samrakshitha adalide tramukal.
niravadhi myoosiyangal, samrakshana grouppukal, mattu sthaapanangal ennivaykku savarico staatik displayco axus cheyyaavunna adalide tramukalundu. adelide madhyabhaagathinu vadakkulla sent kildayile tramway myoosiyathil, nagara theruvu samvidaanathil sevanamanushtikkunna ellah pradhana tram tharangaludeyum oru udaaharanamenkilum undu. myoosiyathinum oru valia saahasika kalisthalathinum idayil oodunna uddeshyapoornamaaya trackiloode rosttar cheyyumbol avayil bhooribhaagavum pravartthikkunnu.
samrakshitha adelide traamukalude vishadaamshangalkku, inipparayunna panalil [kaanikkuka] klikkucheyyuka.
"hozhs tram yugam muthal samakaalika tramway punarujjeevanakalam vareyulla adalide tramvekalekkurichulla lekhanangalilekkulla linkukal eee lekhanathinte thudakkathil panalil labhyamaanu athu thurakkaan" "[kaanikkuka]" "klikkucheyyuka"."