
rochasttarile aadyathe unitarian palli (kettidam)

luis qaan roopakalppana cheyth 1962ll poortthiyaakkiya oru creedle ithara palliyaan rochasttarile aadyathe unitarian palli. 1969ll qaan kettidatthinte oru pradhana vipuleekaranam poortthiyaakki. mattoru cheria kootticherkkal 1996ll poortthiyaayi. ithu newyorkkile rochasttarile 220 vintan roadle sthithicheyyunnu.ezz. athu vasikkunna sabha unitarian universalist association amgamaanu.
pulitsar sammanam nediya vasthuvidyaa vimarsakanaaya pooll goldberger 1982 ll eee kettidatthe "eee noottaandile matha vaasthuvidyayude ettavum pradhanappetta kruthikalil" onnaayi visheshippichu. nerittu sooryaprakaashathil ninnu janaalakale samrakshikkunna nerttha, rund nilayulla laitt hudukalude oru parambara srishticha aazhathil madakkiya ishtika mathilukalaanu ithinte baahya savisheshatha. parokshamaaya prakrithidatha prakasham konduvarunnathinaayi vanyajeevi sankethathinte sankeernamaaya melkkoorayil oro konilum laitt towerukalundu.
aadya ekathvathil qaan pinthudarnna design prakriyayude kathaye "vasthuvidyaa charithratthilum sidhaanthathilum eathaandu classic" ennu visheshippichittundu. thaan nirmmikkaan uddeshichathinte sathaye prathinidheekarikkunna oru phoom droying srishtichaanu qaan aarambhichath. vishudhamandirathe prathinideekarikkaan addeham oru chathuram varachu, chathuratthinu chuttum oru ambulatory, oru idanaazhi, palli school ennivaye soochippikkaan addeham kendreekritha vrithangal varachu. thante vaakkukalil, "ekathvaparamaaya pravartthanatthinte roopabodham chodyathe chuttippattiyaan bandhappettirikkunnath" enna thante daaranaye prathinidheekarikkunna oru chodyachihnam addeham madhyathil sthaapichu. enthukondo enthukondo enna shaashvathamaaya chodyam."
pashchaathalam.
rochasttarile aadyathe unitarian palliyude sabha 1959 januvariyil newyorkkile rochasttarile doundaunilulla nilavilulla kettidam 1961 juulai vare thudarnnum kaivashappeduthaamenna daaranayumaayi wilkan vottu cheythu. athu vangiya developermaarude nirmmaana pravartthanangal taamasiyaathe kettidatthe durbalapedutthi, 1959 septambaril sabhaye neekkaan nirbandhithamaakki. oru puthiya kettidam nirmmikkunnathuvare palli oru thaalkkaalika sthalathu njaayarazhcha sevanangal nadatthi.
pathonpathaam noottaandile pramukha vaasthushilpiyum american instittyoott oof aarkkitektinte aadya prasidantumaaya richard apjon roopakalppana cheytha aadyathe unitarian kettidam vaasthuvidyayude praadhaanyamullathaayirunnu. samakaalika vaasthuvidyayude sradheyamaaya udaaharanam nalkikkond irupathaam noottaandile oru pramukha vaasthushilpi roopakalppana cheytha oru kettidam sthaapikkaan palli theerumaanichu." 
oru aarkkitektine thiranjedukkuka.
vaasthuvidyayekkurichu arivulla sabhaa amgangal chernnu roopeekaricha thirayal samiti thaarathamyena cheria offeesukal sthaapikkukayum srishtiparamaaya jolikal bhooribhaagavum svayam cheyyukayum cheytha pramukha vaasthushilpikalil shradha kendreekarikkaan theerumaanichu. avar aarr aarkkidekttukalumaayi bandhapettu. frank lloyd raitt thaalparyam prakadippichilla, addehathinte phees uyarnnathaayirunnu. (raitt taamasiyaathe 91-aamm vayassil marichu.) airo saarinene pariganichenkilum samayaparidhi kaaranam jolie ettedukkaan kazhinjilla. pooll rudolph, walter gropius, kaal coach ennivarumaayum samiti koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. 1959 meyy maasathil avar luis kaaninoppam oru divasam chelavazhichu, addehathinte daarshanika sameepanam, addehathinte offeesile anthareeksham, roopakalppanayude chumatala vyakthiparamayi addehathinu undaakumenna urappu, vasthukkalude samagrathayodulla bahumanam, aadhunikamaanenkilum addehathinte vaasthuvidyaykku vaikaarika aazhavum bhoothakaalavumaayulla bandhavumundenna dhaarana ennivayil avar mathippulavaakki.
robin bii. vilyams, "luis aii" ennathil ezhuthunnu. kaann vaasthuvidyayude mekhalayil, "ekathva aashayangalumayi thante thathwachinthayude uyarnna anuyojyatha" kaaranam qaan avare aakarshichu. kaante jeevacharitrakaaranmaaril oralaaya roobert mccarter, kaante ashayangalum ekathva charithratthile oru pradhana vyakthiyaayirunna ralph valdo emezhsan enna divyavaadiyude "lekhanangalum" thammilulla samaantharangal rekhappeduthunnu. qaan "oru swaabhaavika ekathvavaadiyaanennu thangalkk bodhyamundennu kammitti amgangal paranju."anusarikkaatha jootha pashchaathalatthil ninnu vanna qaan, addehathinte jeevacharitrakaaranmaaril oralaaya carter wiesman" "paan-relegious" "ennu visheshippicha reethiyil aathmeeyanaayirunnu". udaaharanathinu, indiayilum banglaadeshilum padhathikalil pravartthikkumbol, avide kandethiya aathmeeyathayumaayi addeham oru aduppam valarthiyeduthu. kaante vaasthuvidya addehathinte aathmeeyathaye prathiphalippichu. kaante jolikkaranaaya david reinhart paranju, "looye sambandhichidatholam oro kettidavum oru kshethramaayirunnu. shaasthrathinte kshethramaayirunnu salk. sarkkaarinte kshethramaayirunnu daaka. padanatthinulla oru kshethramaayirunnu eksittar."
kaante saamoohikavum raashtreeyavumaaya veekshanam rochasttar sabhayudeyum saamoohika prashnangalodulla athinte thaalpparyathinteyum charitravumaayi poruthappedunnu. mahaamaandyakaalathu qaan thozhilaalli unionukalumaayum poura ejansikalumaayum chernnu chelavukuranja bhavanangal roopakalppana cheythu. newyork nagaratthilum philadelphiayilum ninnulla jootha vasthra thozhilaallikale krishiyum uthppaadanavum samyojippikkunna kibbuts polulla grameena koottaymayilekku punaradhivasippikkunnathinu oru padhathiyaaya jezhsi homstedil asisttant aarkkitektaayi addeham pravarthichu. 1948leeii president thiranjeduppil henry eyude moonnaam kakshi prachaaranatthil qaan pravarthichu. purogamana party tikkattil malsaricha valas.
1959 juunil oru sabhaa yogathinu qaan thante aashayangalude daarshanika avatharanam nalkukayum athinusesham avarude puthiya kettidam roopakalppana cheyyaan sabha addehathe niyogikkukayum cheythu. athe sandarshana velayil puthiya kettidatthinaayi vaangenda sthalam thiranjedukkaan qaan sahayichu. addehathinte currier kooduthal shradha aakarshikkunna oru puthiya ghattathilekku praveshikkumbol thanne sabha kaane niyamichu. aaa varsham thanne salk instittyoott roopakalppana cheyyaan qaan thiranjedukkappedukayum 1962ll puthiya rajyamaaya banglaadeshinte thalasthaanamaaya deseeya assembly samuchayam roopakalppana cheyyaan addeham thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu.
design prakriya.
royal danish akkadami oof phine aartsinte school oof architectureile professoraaya catrin loats parayunnathanusarichu, qaan oru phoom droying ennu vilicha srishti ulppede aadya unitarian design prakriyayude katha "vasthuvidyaa charithratthilum sidhaanthathilum eathaandu classic aanu".
oro kettidavum itharathilulla aadyathethu pole roopakalppana cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu kaante sameepanam. kaante prarambha roopakalppana ghattangalil "oraal engane oru ekathaanamaaya sabha roopakalppana cheyyum?" polulla chodyangalumaayi qaan mallayudham nadathiyathaayi kaante koode aduthu pravarthicha oru structural enchineeyaraaya august komandant paranju. ekathva matham enthaanu?"ekathvavaadam nannayi padichu. phalam chilappol pratheekshakale aashayakkuzhappathilaakkunnu. soviyatt unionile oru vasthuvidyaa pradarshanatthil poortthiyaaya aadyathe unitarian palli pradharshippichappol, athu oru palli poleyallennu leningrad mayer abhiprayappettu. (qaan thamaashayode marupadi paranju, "athukondaanu ithu soviyatt unionile pradarshanathinaayi thiranjedutthathu.")
sabhaamgangal poorippicha chodyaavalikalil ninnulla vivarangal avarude puthiya kettidatthil ninnu avar enthaanu aagrahikkunnathenn soochippikkunnathinaayi sabhayude kettida samiti qaan nalki. kettidam prakadippikkenda ekapaksheeyamaaya vishwaasathinte vashangal ulppeduthunnathinaayi pravarthanaparamaaya aavashyakathakalekkurichulla saadhaarana vasthuthakal shekharikkunnathinappuram eee chodyaavalikal pooyi. mattu karyangalkkoppam, puthiya kettidam vishalamaaya samoohathe pinthunaykkukayum manushyante adharmmathekkaal anthass prakadippikkukayum cheyyanamennu avar paranju."
aavashyangalude prasthaavanayodulla sabhayude vishalamaaya sameepanam vasthuvidyaa roopakalppanayodulla kaante daarshanika sameepanathin samanamaayirunnu. eee padhathiyil pravartthikkumbol addeham ezhuthiya oru lekhanamaaya "roopathilum roopakalppanayilum" qaan eee sameepanam vishadeekarichu. rochasttarile aadyathe ekathva palliye oru udaaharanamaayi upayogichukondu qaan paranju, "oru valia kettidam, ente abhipraayathil, alakkaan kazhiyaathathil ninnu aarambikkanam, roopakalppana cheyyumbol alakkaan kazhiyunna maargangaliloode kadannupokanam, avasaanam alakkaan kazhiyaathathaayirikkanam... ennaal alakkaan kazhiyaathath maanasikaathmaavaanu."alakkaan kazhiyaathathine thaan roopam ennu vilikkunnathumaayi bandhippichukondu qaan paranju," roopam roopakalppanayalla, aakruthiyalla, alavalla. athu oru bhauthika vasthuvalla."" roopam... manushyante oru prathyeka pravarthanatthinu anuyojyamaaya edangalude aikyam ithu vyakthamaakkunnu."
thanne niyamikkaan vottu cheytha sabhaa yogathe abhisambodhana cheytha qaan, oru vasthuvidyaa roopakalppanayaayi manassilaakkendathallaatha oru phoom droying srishtichukondu thante sameepanam vishadeekarichu. addeham sankethathe prathinidheekarikkunna oru chathuram varachu, chathuratthinu chuttum oru ambulatory, oru idanaazhi, palli school ennivaye prathinidheekarikkunna kendreekritha vrithangal sthaapichu. chathuratthinte madhyathil addeham oru chodyachihnam sthaapichu, mattoru avasarathil addeham vishadeekarichu, "ekathva pravartthanatthinte roopam saakshaathkaaram chodyathe chuttippattiyaan. enthukondo enthukondo enna shaashvathamaaya chodyam."
1959 desemberil qaan thante aadya roopakalppana avatharippichu, oro moolayilum naalu nila gopurangalulla moonnu nila uyaramulla oru chathuraakrithiyilulla kettidam nirddeshichu. kettidatthinte madhyabhaagathulla panthrand vashangalulla oru valia muriyude madhyathilulla oru chathuraakrithiyilulla pradeshamaayirunnu eee vanyajeevi sanketham. vrithaakrithiyilulla muriyude bakkiyulla bhagam vanyajeevi sankethathil ninnu parishodhikkenda oru ambulatory sthalamaayirunnu. qaan paranju, "munkaala vishwaasangalulla aalukal chernnathaanu unitarian sabha ennathinaal enikku ambulatory aavasyamaanennu thonni... athinaal oru sankethathil parayappedunnathum anubhavappedunnathum ningal pankedukkenda onnalla enna vasthuthaye manikkaan njaan ambulatory varachu. angane ningalkk nadakkaanum parayappedunnathil ninnu akannupokaan madikkendathilla."aadyathe yoonitteriyanekkurichu thante pravarthanatthinu munbu qaan itharathilulla ambulatory enna ashayam vikasippicheduthirunnu, 1957 ll oru yooniversitti chaappalinte pashchaathalatthil oru prabhaashanatthil ithu paraamarshichu.
central room oru sankeernamaaya thaazhikakkudathaal moodukayum athinte mathilukalkk purathu oru idanaazhi kondu chuttappedukayum athu kettidatthinte chuttupaadilulla moonnu nilakalulla palli skoolumaayi bandhippikkukayum cheyyum. skoolile vidyaarthikalkku mukalilulla thurassaaya sthalangalil ninnu palli shushrooshakal nireekshikkaan kazhiyum.
bajatt cheytha thukayude palamadangu chelavaayirunna eee vilayekkurichulla paraathikal kaaranam, qaan nirddishta kettidatthil ninnu oru nila udan thanne upekshichu. ennirunnaalum, roopakalppanayude mattu vashangalil kammitti athrupthi prakadippichu, athaayath athinte vazhakkamillathathum upayogapradamaaya classroom sthalathinte kuravum, oru chathuraakrithiyilulla kettidatthinullil oru valia, vrithaakrithiyilulla murii sthaapichukondu chuttupaadukalil kramarahithamaya aakruthiyilulla murikal, kuttikal mukalil kelkkunnathum aalukal sankethathilekku varikayum puratthekku ozhukukayum cheiyunnathu sevanangale thadassappeduthaanulla saadhyatha. 1960 februvariyil, kettidanirmmanasamithi adhyakshayaya helen vilyams kaante kathinu "ningal njangalkk nalkia ippozhathe aashayathil njangal oru tharatthilum santhushtaralla" ennu ezhuthi, oraazhchaykk sesham avar ezhuthi, "njangalkk poornnamaayum puthiya oru ashayam undaayirikkanam enna nigamanathil njangal urachunilkkunnu". qaan njangale dayaneeyamaayi paraajayappeduthi" ennu paranja vilyams taamasiyaathe niraashayode kettida samithiyil ninnu raajivachu.
oru puthiya design srishtikkaan qaan sammathichu, ithu kettida samithiyude aashwaasathinu kaaranamaayi, thaan cheytha jolikalkku panam aavasyappedumennum commissionil ninnu purathupokumennum avar bhayapettu. thante puthiya roopakalppanaykkaayi qaan karkkashamaaya chathuraakrithiyil allathe ayanja neelamulla oru kettidam nirddeshichu. athirooksharaaya kuttikal shalyappeduthunnathinula saadhyathakal kuraykkunnathinu klaas murikal oru prathyeka vibhaagathil sthaapikkaanulla nirddeshangale addeham ethirthu, palli schoolinoppam sankethathe chuttikkaranguka enna ashayam nilanirtthi. qaan vanyajeevi sankethathinte mathilukalkkullile ambulatory sthalam neekkam cheythuvenkilum klaas murikalilekku praveshanam nalkunnathinaayi idanaazhi thottupurathu nilanirtthi.
poortthiyaakkenda roopakalppanayude avasana vashangalilonnaan vanyajeevi sankethathinu mukalilulla melkoora. oru steel frame upayogichu vanyajeevi sanketham vyaapippikkuka ennathaayirunnu oru oopshan, ennaal 1950 kalude thudakkathil qaan atharam gadanakal upayogikkillennu theerumaanichirunnu, konkreett, ishtika thudangiya vasthukkal upayogichu thanikk nedaan kazhiyunna kooduthal smaaraka roopam thiranjedukkukayaayirunnu. thaan vikasippicha melkoora roopakalppanayil poornnamaayum samthrupthanallaatha qaan, nirddeshangalkkaayi august komandantinodu aavasyappettu. addehathinte ettavum pradhanappetta sahakariyaaya komandant oru structural enchineeyarum pree-stressed konkreett upayogathil oru thudakkaaranumaayirunnu, ithu saadhaarana konkreettinekkaal bharam kuranjathum kooduthal manoharavumaaya gadanakal srishtikkaan upayogikkaam. commendant kaante melkkoorayude pothuvaaya leauttu nilanirtthiyenkilum munkootty sammarddam cheluthiya konkreettinte madakkiya plate gadanayaayi punarroopakalppana cheythu, athinu athinte arikukalil maathram pinthuna aavasyamaanu, ithu qaan melkoora gadanayude pinthunayaayi upayogikkaan padhathiyittirunna valia konkreett beemukalude aavasyakatha illaathaakkunnu.
roopakalppana prakriyayil, kaanum sabayum adutha sahakaranathinte bandham vikasippichu. sabha chilappol vishadamaaya thalatthil eee prakriyaykku sambhavana nalki. oru amgam kettidatthinte oru skeyil model nirmmikkukayum nirddishta vanyajeevi sankethathile prakasha nilakalekkurichu photometric padanangal nadatthaan athu upayogikkukayum cheythu. melkkoorayile konkreett thoppikalude oru nirayil laitt slittukaliloode prakrithidatha prakasham vanyajeevi sankethathilekku konduvaraan qaan thudakkathil padhathiyittirunnuvenkum oro thoppikkum 33 tonn (30,000 kilogram) bhaaramundaakumenn building kammitti kanakkakki, ithu pinthunayude prasnangal srishtikkunnu. kaante anthima roopakalppanayile laitt towerukal avayude akathalangalil maathrame thilangunnulloo, ithu kammittiyil ninnu uthbhavicha oru nirddeshamaanu. nirddishta laitt shaafttukalile shabda anurananathekkurichulla avarude kanakkukoottalukal aaa pradeshathu prashnangalude saadhyathaye soochippikkunnuvennu samiti khaane ariyichu.
1960 augustil puthiya roopakalppana sabha valareyadhikam amgeekarichu. 1962 desemberil puthiya kettidatthinte samarppana velayil, vaasthuvidya mathavum thammilulla bandhathekkurichu qaan samsaarichu. kamandant paranju, "manushyar bhayappedukayum avante niyamangal anusarikkukayum cheiyunnathinaayi daivathinte mahathwavum shakthiyum manushyante elimayum kaanikkan uddeshichulla katheedralukalekkurichu addeham thante prasamgatthil vivarichathayi addeham ennodu paranju. daivathinte lakshyangal, daya, kshama ennivayodulla bahumaanavum dharana srishtikkaan addeham eee sabhaykkaayi anthareekshavum soundaryavum upayogichu."
puram.
nerittu sooryaprakaashathil ninnu janaalakale samrakshikkaan sahayikkunna nerttha, rund nilayulla laitt hudukalude oru parambara srishticha aazhathil madakkiya ishtika mathilukalaanu kettidatthinte purambhaagam. thaazhathe nilayile laitt hudukalkkidayil akathalathil bench seettukal ulkkollunna kettidatthinte projectionukal undu. bench seettukalude iruvashathumulla cheria janalakal murikalilekku adhika paroksha velicham anuvadikkunnu. eee projectionukal laitt hoodukalkk eratta pratheekangal nalkunnu, oronninteyum mukal bhaagathinu oru vasthuvinte roopavum laitt hood thaazhathe bhaagathinu shoonyathayude roopavum, rund projakshanukalkkidayila edavum nalkunnu. laitt hoodukal puram mathilil oru nira nirakale oormmippikkunna nizhalukalude oru parambara srishtikkunnu, avayude lambarekhakal uyarathinte bhavam vardhippikkunnu. kettidatthilekkulla pradhana kavaadam theruviloode kadannupokunna aalukalkk drishyamalla.
vanyajeevi sankethathinte naalu konukalileyum laitt towerukal kettidatthinte puram mathilukalkk mukalilaayi uyarnnuvarunnu, ithu vanyajeevi sankethathinte aakruthi purathuninnu eluppathil drishyamaakkaan sahayikkunnu. valia kettidatthinullil ulcherthirikkunna vanyajeevi sankethathil ninnu qaan srishtichuvenna dhaarana mattu niravadhi kettidangalil, prathyekichu phillips eksittar akkadami libraryil addeham upayogicha "boxes inn eiii boxes" sameepanathin samaanamaan.
qaan, prathyekichu komlongan kottaye aakarshicha scotish kottakalude roopakalppanaye eee kettidam prathidhwanikkunnu, athinte thara padhathi aadya ekathvathekkurichulla rund vyathyastha pandithochitha charchakalil punarnirmmikkappedunnu. komlongan kottayude madhyabhaagathu kattiyulla mathilukalaal chuttapetta orotta valia muriyundu. asaadhaaranamaaya kattiyulla aaa mathilukal avaykkullil ninnu muzhuvan secondary murikalum kothivaykkaan saadhyamaakki, phalatthil avaye janavaasamulla mathilukalaayi maatti. aadyathe ekathaanathayude kaaryatthil, valia kendra murii sankethamaanu, koodaathe "janavaasamulla mathilukal" chuttumulla rund nilakalaayi kanakkakkaam. eee murikalude janalakal oru konil ninnu nokkumbol shradhikkappedaathavim aazhathil vindukal cheythirikkunnu, koodaathe kettidatthinte indent cheytha konukal janaalakalillaathathaanu, ivayellaam vanyajeevi sankethathinu chuttum valiathum parukkan mathilukal undenna dhaarana vardhippikkunnu. kaante vaakkukalil, "school chodyathinu chuttumulla mathilukalaayi maari."
1969ll poortthiyaaya oru kootticherkkal roopakalppana cheyyaan 1964ll sabha qaan ennayaale niyamichu. yadhaartha kettidatthinte silppamulla mathilukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, athinte purambhaagam thaarathamyena nirddishtamalla. oru charivil nirmmicha ithinu rund pradhana nilakalum kizhakke attathu oru thaazhathe nilayum undu, rund pradhana nilakalil sankeernamaaya janaalakalumund.
kettidatthinte kaalppaadukal. skeyil droingukal anusarichu, kramarahithamaya aakruthiyilulla kettidam ekadesham athinte ettavum neelameriyathum veethiyullathumaaya sthalathaanu. aaa neelatthil, ekadesham kizhakke attathu 1969-leeii kootticherkkalaanu.
akathalathil.
vanyajeevi sankethathilekku nerittu pookunna kettidatthinte munvashath oru valia praveshana kavaadathinu pakaram, kettidatthinte vashathulla oru kavaadathiloodeyaanu aadyathe unitarian praveshanam, abhayaaranyathilethaan mattu edangal marikadannu valath thiriyendathundu. cantilevered gaayakasamghathinte thaazhathe melkkooraykk thaazheyaan vanyajeevi sankethathil praveshikkunnathu, ithu nizhalil ninnu prakaashatthilekku oru kramam srishtikkunnu.
"ningalude melkkoorayude aakruthiyaanu nagarikatha alakkunnathu", qaan paranju. vanyajeevi sankethathinte sankeernamaaya melkoora chuttumulla murikalude rund nilakalkkum mukalil uyarnnu vanyajeevi sankethathinte mathilinu mukaliloode purathekkulla idanaazhiyude puram mathilukal vare vyaapikkunnu. vanyajeevi sankethathinte naalu konukalilulla laitt towerukal saadhaaranayaayi nannayi prakaashikkaattha pradeshangalil ninnu parokshamaaya prakrithidatha prakasham konduvarunnu. qaan jeevacharitrakaaranaaya roobert mccarter parayunnathanusarichu, sealinginte layerd outtar arikukalum prakasham niranja konukalum murikku "vipulavum athirukallillaathathumaaya swabhaavam" nalkunnu. qaan paranju, "ningal athinekkurichu chinthikkukayaanenkil, oru valia muriyil parayunnathupole oru cheria muriyil ningal athe kaaryam parayunnillennu ningal manassilakkunnu."
laitt tavarukalkkidayil oru kappalinte purambhaagatthinte adibhaagam poleyulla aakruthiyilulla oru crucifom konkreett melkoora gadanayundu. kaante jeevacharitrakaaranmaaril oralaaya carter wiesman parayunnathanusarichu, athinte puram arikukal vanyajeevi sankethathinte mathilukalil nerittu irikkukayalla, marichu avaykku mukalil uyarnnu, adichamarthal bhaarathekkurichulla oru daaranayil ninnu aashvaasam nalkunnu.
vishalamaaya melkoora ghadanaye bhaagikamaayi samrakshikkunnath vanyajeevi sanketa mathilukalil pathichirikkunna panthrand nerttha nirakalaanu, oro matilinum moonnu nirakal. oro mathilileyum madhya nirayude mukalilulla chathura brackettukal slaabinte thaazhathe madakkukale pinthunaykkunnu. sealing bhooribhaagavum pinthuna nalkunna puram idanaazhiyude mathilukaliloode madakkine kadannupokunnathaayi manassilakkaan brackettukal madhyathil vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. oro kendra nirayum iruvashathumulla nirakalumaayi thirascheenamaaya kiranangalaal bandhippichirikkunnu. madhyabhaagathu ettavum thaazhnnathum irundathumaanu melkoora, madhyabhaagathu ettavum uyaramullathum thilakkamullathumaaya classic palli thaazhikakkudangalkk vipareethamaanu. qaan melkkooraykkaayi upayogicha crucifom aakruthi muun kruthikalil, prathyekichu nyoojezhsiyile trantanile jootha community sentaril addeham upayogicha onnaanu.
vanyajeevi sankethathinte mathilukalile vasthrangal qaan roopakalppana cheythathaanu, kettidattheppole aksharaarthatthil pratheekathmakathayilla. jacq lenner larson aanu avaa neythathu. kaante abhyarthanaprakaaram, paanalukal poornna varnna spectrathil vyaapichukidakkunnu, ennittum poornnamaayum oru chuvapp, oru neela, oru manja nool ennivayil ninnaan nirmmichirikkunnathu, backie shadeukal aaa moonnu noolukalude mishrithangal upayogichu srishtikkunnu. drishyaprabhaavam mathramalla, konkreett mathilukalil ninnu prathidhwanikkunna shabdathinte prashnam pariharikkaanumaan paanalukal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu.
konkreett block, ozhukunna konkreett, maram ennivayaanu akathalathinte praadhamika nirmmaana saamagrikal. qaan oru adhika finish prayogikkunnathinuparam eee vasthukkalude swaabhaavika prathalangal thurannukaatti. ithu qaan aadyamaayi konkreettum maravum orumichu vyaapakamaayi upayogichathaayirunnu, eee samyojanam addeham thante pilkkala padhathikalil bhooribhaagathilum upayogichu.
konkreett blokkukal kondaanu vanyajeevi sankethangalude mathilukal nirmmichirikkunnathu. mathilukalkkullile pollayaya edangal vaayusanjaaramulla kuzhalukalaayi pravartthikkunnu. vanyajeevi sankethathinte mathilukalil pathichirikkunna melkkoorayude pinthuna nirakal, athupole thanne sankethathinu chuttumulla idanaazhiyude melkkoora puram mathilukalum ozhukunna konkreett kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. konkreett ozhikkunna roopangal roopappeduthiya nerttha maram kondulla strippukal nirmmicha paattenukalaan idathu vashath drishyamaakunnathu. vanyajeevi sankethathinte melkkoorayude roopangal nirmmikkunnathinayi asaadhaaranamaamvidham neelamulla thadi strippukal qaan vaangi. yaale yooniversitti art galleryile pradhana padikal neratthe cheythathupole, chumarukalil konkreett ozhikkumbol roopangal orumichu pidichirikkunna upakaranangal srishticha vrithaakrithiyilulla dwaarangalude maathrkayum qaan drishyamaakki, ithu nirmmaanatthinte adayaalangal "alankaarathinte adisthaanam" aayi varthikkunnu.
sherry geldin, "luis aii" yude aamukhathil qaan ezhuthunnu. kaann vaasthuvidyayude mekhalayil, "addeham paranju" saamudaayika edapedal nadakkunna eathu saahacharyathilum 'meating sthalathinu' mikkavarum puranaparamaaya praadhaanyam nalki... addehathinte mathaparamaya kettidangalum padhathikalum... sidhaanthamo vibhageeyamaaya vyathyaasangalo illaatha oru krupayude avastha unarthaan aagrahikkuka, pakaram saarvathrikavum atheethamumaaya avasthaykku adivarayiduka."
prarambha design charchakalil, qaan kamandantinodu chodichu, "oru palliyil ettavum pradhanam enthaanu?"pinne aaa chodyathinu svayam utharam nalki" oru sabhayude anthareekshathinte saaramsham nishabdathayum prakaashavumaanu. velichavum nisshabdathayum!"nishabdathayum prakashavum" enna peru pinneedu 1968ll qaan ezhuthiya oru lekhanathinte peraayi maari, athil addeham thante thathwachinthayude nirnaayaka ashayangal vishadeekarichu. nishabdatha" ennaal "aagraham" ennaanu qaan ardhamaakkunnathennu kaante rachanakalude edittar roobert twombly paranju... oro vyakthiyum srishtikkendathu, athu kaannin jeevichirikkunnathinu thulyamaayirunnu... srishtikkaanulla manushyaraashiyude swathasidhamaaya aagrahathinte nishabdathayilekku sooryante jeevan nilanirthaanulla shakti varunnu, ithu nishabdathaykku pravarthikkaanulla kazhivu nalkunnu."vasthuvidyaa charitrakaaranaaya vinsent scully sabhayekkurich paranju" "devathvathinte saannidhyam pole, synder block athinte mail nirayunna velichathaal velli kazhuki, bhaarameriyathum bhaarameriyathumaaya slab mukalilekku uyarthumbol addeham samsaaricha nishabdatha ningalkk sarikkum anubhavikkan kazhiyum"."
klaas murikalil, cheria side vindokalulla bench seettukal puram mathilukalude projakshanukalil sthaapichittundu. eee edangal puram mathilukalil ninnu kothiyeduttha cheria murikalude bhavam srishtikkunnu, roobert mccarter parayunnathanusarichu, kattiyullathum kotta polulla mathilukalkkullil pothinjathumaaya murikalaayi kaanapedunna klaas murikalekkurichulla kaante vasthuvidyaa vishayam avaa thudarunnu.
1969ll kootticherthappol, onnaam nilayile chathuraakrithiyilulla gallery roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu athu lobiyude vipuleekaranamaayi upayogikkunnathino valia vaathilukal kondu cheria murikalaayi verthirikkunnathino vendiyaanu. galleryude iruvashathum palli offeesukal sthithicheyyunnu. randaam nilayil oru valia muriyilekku samyojippikkaano vevvere upayogikkaano kazhiyunna edangalude ayanja krameekaranamundu. eee kootticherkkalinte rund pradhana nilakalil sankethathinu ettavum aduthulla aduppukal undu, koodaathe vidoora attathu valia janaalakalum purathulla prakrithi lokathe velippeduthunnu.
smaarakathvavum aadhikaarikathayum.
aadhunika samoohathinte saamoohika naashakaramaaya vashangalal qaan aswasthanaayirunnu ennu "luis kaans located modenism" enna grandhatthinte rachayithavaaya saaraa vilyams goldhagen parayunnu. avalude vaakkukalil addeham vishwasichathu, "vaasthuvidya janangalude dhaarmika roopeekaranathe valarthanam ennaanu. thangalude samoohathil nankooramidunnavarum dhaarmmikamaayi baadhyastharum chuttumulla aalukalumayi maanasikamaayi bandhappettavarumaya aalukal mikacha pouranmaaraakunnu."addehathinte saamoohika ajanda ekathvaparamaaya aadarshangalumaayi poruthappedunnathinaal, rochasttar palliyil vasthuvidyaa roopathil samoohathekkurichulla thante kaazhchappaad prakadippikkaan addeham nalla sthaanathaayirunnu. goldhagen parayunnathanusarichu, samoohathilum thangalilum thante kettidangalude upayokthaakkale sthaapikkaan qaan rund vasthuvidyaa sameepanagal upayogichu. onnu, aalukale saamoohikamaayi nankooramidukayum samoohabodham prolsaahippikkukayum cheiyunna smaarakathvamaanu. mattonn aadhikaarikathayaanu, athu svayam avabodham valarthukayum vyakthigatha utharavaaditham prolsaahippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
1944ll prasidheekaricha eaka rachaithaavenna nilayil kaante aadyathe pradhana lekhanathe "smaarakathvam" ennu vilichirunnu, eee ashayathe addeham "athinte nithyathayude vikaaram ariyikkunna oru ghadanayil antharleenamaaya oru athmeeya gunamaayi" nirvachichu. 1950 kalude thudakkathil qaan "vaasthuvidyayodu oru vyathiriktha sameepanam vikasippikkaan thudangiyirunnu" ennu sonit buffna parayunnu. eee kaalayalav muthal addehathe sambandhichidatholam oru pradhana aashanka, italiyilum thekkan europilum addeham kanda avashishtangalude anthassin santhulithathaykkum anusrithamaayi addehathinte srishtikalkku thante kettidangalil sthirathayude oru bodham valarthuka ennathaayirunnu."thante kettidangal upayogichavarkkidayil samoohabodham shakthippeduthunnathin qaan smaarakathvam upayogichuvennu goldhagen parayunnu oru qaan kettidatthinte vanthothilullathu kettidavum athu sthaapikkunna sthaapanavum valarekkalam nilanilkkumenna thonnal ulavaakkunnu. goldhagen parayunnu, aadya unitarian, mukhachaayaykku kuruke qaan kothivacha prakaashatthinte nira polulla thaalangal pindatthinte bhavam vardhippikkukayum kettidatthinu smaarakathvathinte vaayu nalkukayum cheiyunna upakaranagalil onnaanu.
randaamathaayi, goldhagen parayunnathanusarichu, qaan "aadhikaarikathayude oru vaasthuvidyaykkaayi" parishramichu."aadhikaarikatha ennathu asthithvavaadiyaaya ezhuthukaaranaaya jeane-pooll saarthre janapriyamaakkiya oru aashayamaanu, gold hegante vaakkukalil paranjaal," aadhikaarikamaayi jeevikkaan oraal thannekkurichu mathramalla, oru prathyeka charitra nimishatthilum sthalathum oraalude sthaanathekkurichum uyarnna avabodhathinaayi parisramikkanam ". ithinu oraalude saamoohikavum shaareerikavumaaya paristhithiyekkurichu theevramaaya dhaarana aavasyamaanu, ithu budhimuttaanu, kaaranam oru vyakthi thanikk chuttumulla vasthukkalum kettidangalum upakaranangalayi manassilakkaan pravanatha kaanikkunnu. dainamdina lokathinte upakaranagalil allah, marichu oru vasthuvinte aakruthi, ghadana, bhauthikatha ennivayil shradha kendreekarikkaan" aadhikaarikatha aalukale prothsaahippikkunnu."miss vaan derr rohe polulla mattu aadhunika aarkkidekttukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, bhauthikatha, padaartham, bharam ennivaykkethire kaazhchakkaarane sammarddathilaakkaan qaan" diaphanus suthaaryavum "ozhivaakki."goldhagen abhipraayappedunnathu" "kaante oru kettidatthil praveshikkuka asaadyamaanu, athu shradhikkukayo parishodhikkukayo shradhaapoorvvam nokkukayo cheyyaruthu"."vasthukkalude moorchayulla sathyasandhathayode roopakalppana cheythum nirmmaana prakriya anaavaranam cheythum qaan aadyathe ekathaanathayil aadhikaarikathayude soundaryathinaayi parishramichu, gold hagen parayunnu. qaan paranju, "njaan frank vaasthuvidyayil vishwasikkunnu. oru kettidam oru poraattamaanu, oru athbhuthamalla, vaasthushilpi ithu amgeekarikkanam."
goldhagen parayunnathanusarichu, munkaala kruthikalil qaan eee rund abhilaashangalum bhaagikamaayi nediyirunnu. udaaharanathinu, yaale yooniversitti art gallery, prakriyaykku oonnal nalkikkond, aadhikaarikatha prolsaahippikkukayum aalukale svayam sthaapikkukayum cheiyunnu, athesamayam richards medical research laborattarikal group sahakaranm shakthippeduthunnathina roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. goldhagen parayunnath, aadyathe eakathaavaadathil ninnaan thante kettidatthinte upayokthaakkale thangalilum samoohathilum sthaapikkunnathil qaan aadyam vijayichathu, pinneedu banglaadeshile daakayile salk instittyoottilum deseeya assembly complexilum kooduthal poornnamaayum vikasippikkaan addehathinu kazhinja oru ajanda, athinu valare valia bajattayirunnu.
kaante kariyarinu praadhaanyam.
goldhagen parayunnathanusarichu, rochasttarile aadyathe ekathva palliyaayirunnu "addehathinte pakwathayulla shailiyude soochana nalkunna aadyathe kettidam qaan". vinsent scully thante "aadhunika vaasthuvidyayilum mattu lekhanangalilum" athupole parayunnu "rochasttarile palli roopakalppana cheytha anubhavam qaan aathmavishwaasathode pakwata praapikkukayum addehathinte roopakalppanayil addehathe sthireekarikkukayum cheythathayi thonnunnu."
schoolukal, myoosiyangal, gaveshana sthaapanangal, sarkkar sthaapanangal, mathasamghadanakal ennivayulppede pothu nanmaye munnott nayikkunna sthaapanangalkkaanu qaan praadhamikamaayi pravarthichathu. goldhagen parayunnath, thudakkathil unitarian qaan atharam samghadanakalkkaayi vaasthuvidya srishtikkunnathinulla oru thathwachintha vikasippicheduthuvenna "rochasttarile aadyathe unitarian palli roopakalppana cheyyumbol vikasippichedutha 'sthaapanangalude vaasthuvidya' enna kaante thathwachintha, oru sthaapanathinte 'jeevitareeti' yekkurichulla oru aadarshaparamaaya kaazhchappaad vikasippikkuka, thudarnnu aaa darshana roopam nalkuka-allengil, addeham paranjathupole, roopam nalkuka ennathaanu aarkkitektinte aadyatheyum uyarnna kadamayennum vyavastha cheythu."
robin bii. vilyams, "luis aii" ennathil ezhuthunnu. kaann vaasthuvidyayude mekhalayil, "qaan aadya yoonitteriyanil pinthudarnna design sameepanam, prathyekichu addehathinte phoom droinginte aamukham, oru adrishyamaaya vasthuvidyaa ashayathe oru yadhaartha kettidamaakki mattunnathinulla addehathinte prakriyayude vikasanathinu pradhanamaayirunnu
kettida samithiyil ninnu anthima amgeekaaram labhikkunnathin munbuthanne aadyathe ekathaana sabhayodulla thante utsaaham qaan vyakthamaakkiyirunnu. 1960 octoberil thanne kaaliforniyayil nadanna oru prabhaashanatthil, thante thathwachinthayude pradhana thathwangalaayi maarikkondirunna "roopam", "roopakalppana" ennee rund padangal chithreekarikkaan addeham ithu thiranjedutthirunnu. vaasthuvidyayekkurichulla thante ashayathe-prathyekichu thante roopakalppana nadapadikramatthe-adrishyatha yaadhaarthyathilekku vivarthanam cheiyunnathinaayi addeham eee vaakkukal upayogichu. 1961 eprilil prasidheekarichathinushesha, addehathinte roopakalppana sameepanathinte vyakthamaaya thithreekaranamaayi qaan oru vivaranam (ippol prashasthamaaya rekhaachithrathodoppam) rachikkukayum, sabhayude roopakalppana vikasicha reethi puraanamaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythath eee samayathaan.
qaan eee prabhaashanatthil maasangalolam pravartthikkukayum "roopavum roopakalppanayum" enna peril oru lekhanamaayi prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. akkaalathe addehathinte aashayangalude ettavum mikacha aalroopamaayi oru sahapravarthakan ithine visheshippikkukayum aalukal kaante prasidheekaranangalude udaaharanagal aavashyappedumbol addeham palappozhum eee lekhanam ayaykkaarundenn parayukayum cheythu.