
moongayude kottaram

englandile gloucestershayarile stroud jillayile aulpen graamatthil sthithi cheiyunna mander kudumbatthinte tudor grade I listtucheytha oru maanar hausaanu aulpen maanar. prakrithi soundaryamulla coatswold pradeshathinullil oru thaazhvarayil oru anubandha estettu sajjeekarichirikkunnu. yooliyil ninnu ekadesham oru mile kizhakkum dursleyil ninnu moonnu mile kizhakkumaanu maanar house.
charithram.
dendrocronology prakaram sii vare theeyathi nischayichittulla thunitharangal ulkkollunna eee maanar house madhyakala uthbhavamaan. 1270. 1464num 1616num idayil dudor kaalaghattatthil dond kudumbam ithu nirmmikkukayum punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu. 18-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil, thottangal, palli, grist mill ennivaykkoppam veedinte kizhakkan bhagam 1719num 1726num idayil thomas dond naalaaman punakrameekarichappol, chila mechappeduthalukal ozhike, athinusesham ithu kaaryamaaya vikasanam kanditilla.
madhyakaalakhattam.
onpathaam noottaandil kottaaratthinte aditharaykku keezhil uyarunna neeruravakalkkarikiloode thante "pena" allengil valayam aadyamaayi sthaapicha oola enna saaksan thegnil ninnaan moonga (praadeshikamaayi "ole-penn" ennu ucharikkunnathu) athinte peru uruthirinjathu.
1174 oode dii olepen kudumbam (aaa sthalathinte peril svayam perittirikkaam) moongayil sthirathaamasamaakkiyathinte rekhakalundu. avar praadeshika bhoovudamakalum, madaadhipathikaludeyum aashupathrikaludeyum gunabhokthaakkalum, avarude fudal melnottakkaarude anugaamikalum, berkley kottayile berkelikalum aayirunnu, avarude ichhaashakthikalum chaarttarukalum avarude abhibhashakaraayum saakshikalayum avar pathivayi saakshyappeduthunnu. avar berkaleekalude moongaye oru sub-maanarayi araa kuthirayude pheesilum 5 seey vaadakaykkum karuthi. vottan maanarin panam nalki.
tudor kaalaghattam.
1464-ll panthrand thalamurakalayi oolpennukal vannathinushesham purusha vamshavali paraajayappedukayum margari dii olepenneyum vottan-under-edjile joonn dontineyum vivaham kazhichathode eee bhoomiyum bhoomiyum dond kudumbatthinu kaimarukayum cheythu. pathinalam noottaand muthal kottan-under-edjil sthirathaamasamaakkiya vasthradhaaranakkaaraayirunnu dondukal. pinneedu avar irelandile mansttaril thottakkaraayi bhoomi ettedukkukayum 1595 aayappozhekkum avarude pradhana estettukal carigaline sameepamulla gortigrenan kottayilum kaundi korkkile kinsaalinaduthulla traaktan aabiyilum undaayirunnu. dondukal madhyakala mainer housine maattimarichu, grettu haalil (theeyathi 1523) melkoora cherkkukayum vestt vingile (1616) parlor/solar block punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu. 1596ll sahodaran gailsinte maranathethudarnnu bhaarya france dontinte avakasham avakashappetta joonn bridgeman joonn bridgeman thammilulla oru prashasthamaaya niyama kesine thudarnnu ithu nadannu. moongayude kottarathecholli ammavan thomas dondumaayi addeham tharkkathil earppettuvenkilum cheef justice sarr edward kokkinu munnil vyaja pravrithikal nadathiyathaayi aaropikkappettappol cases parajayappettu. 1803ll thomas dond aaraamante maranashesham randaam thavanayum purusha vamshavali paraajayappedunnathuvare eee kotta dond kudumbatthil thudarendathaayirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaand.
pathonpathaam noottaandil, kaundi keriyil ninnulla anglo-airish bhoovudamakalaaya stottan kudumbatthinu sesham 1815 ll vivaahathiloode paarambaryamaayi labhichathinaal kottaaratthinte bhagyam nashtappettu. avar sii. 1848, yadhaartha vaasasthalathinu kizhakk oru mile akale, saamuval saandezhs tiyuloninte itaaliyan designukal vare, aulpen house ennu vilikkappedunnu. gyaas varkkukal, lodgeukal, sthirathayulla block ennivayulppedeyulla outtu buildingukal avasheshikkunnundenkil ithu 1955-6 ll polichumaatti. 1828lum 1874lum rund ghattangalayi punarnirmmicha madhyakala uthbhavamulla kottaarathinu pinnilulla vishudha kurishinte palli.
irupathaam noottaand.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode pazhaya kotta kalayudeyum karakaushala prasthaanathinteyum pratheekamaayi maari. henry avre tipping, christopher hassie, kavi aljernon chaals swinbane thudangiya samakaalika ezhuthukaar ithine 'thaarathamyappeduthaanaavatha parudeesa' ennu visheshippichu, athinte vidoora thaazhvarayil ekadesham nooru varshamaayi janavaasamillaatha urangunna soundaryamaayi, manoharamaaya oru avashishtamaayi, valare shayikkukayum aivi kondu pongukayum, valia yuu marangalaal kullappedukayum cheythu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, athinte nilanilppinekkurichu aashankayundaayirunnu, purathana kettidangalude samrakshanathinaayulla samooham ithu deseeya trasttil nikshipthamaakkanamenn shupaarsha cheythu, ennirunnaalum athinte attakuttappanikalkk fund labhyamalla.
oduvil, ekadesham ayiram varshangalkk sesham aadyamaayi moongayude estettu vittu. saapparttanile ernest gimson, sahodaranmaraaya sidney, ernest barnsley (addehathinte ammayiyamma) ennivarodoppam pravarthichirunna coatswold arts aandu crafts movement aarkkitektaaya norman juusan etteduthu attakuttappanikal nadathiyappol maanar housinte bhaavi urappayi. 1930ll addehathinte suhruthaaya aartist eph. ell. griggs thante "moongayude kotta" yehudanmarkku samarppichu, avar 'eee purathana veedine naashatthil ninnu rakshichu'. joothan thante classic ormmakkurippaaya "aakasmikamaayi njaan rove cheythu" (1951, rund thavana punarprasidheekarichu) ll thante attakuttappanikal rekhappeduthiyittundu.
1952 juun 23 nuu ovalpen maanarine charitraparamaaya englandu grade I listtucheytha kettidamaayi namakaranam cheythu.
innu moonga.
sarr nicolasinteyum lady currin manderinteyum avarude kudumbatthinteyum glocestershare veedaanu aulpen maanar. 1974 muthal avar kottejukalum estettum upayogichu maanar hausum outtu buildingukalum nannakki. avar aupachaarika stuvartt gaardanukal punarnirmmikkukayum kudumbavum anubandha coatswold arts aandu crafts shekharangalum avatharippikkukayum cheythu.
1700 kaalaghattatthil josephinte jeevithathe chithreekarikkunna apoorva peyint cheytha thuni chumaril thookkiyidunna oru parambarayum tudor vaal paintingukal, paneling, plaasttar varkk ennivayulppede niravadhi sradheyamaaya savisheshathakalum eee kottaarathilundu.
parvvathatthile moonnaamathe mander baaranattaayirunna nicolas maandarinte pithaav 2006-ll marichu. mander kudumbam 1937-ll vaitvikku maanar deseeya trasttinu nalki.
1966 muthal eee mainer hausum poonthottangalum pothujanangalkkayi thurannirikkunnu.
poonthottangal.
yuu topiyariyulla aupachaarika terrous poonthottangal charitraparamaaya englandu grade II prakaram pattikappedutthiyittundu. madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathil kallukalkkullil sthaapicha englandile thudarchayaayi krishi cheytha aadyakaala garden udyaanangalilonnaanu avaye prathinidheekarikkunnathenna landscape charitrakaaranaaya sarr jiophree jellico paranju. ekadesham 1620-ll aadyakaala stuvartt kaalaghattatthil topiyari, yuu parlor enniva nirvachikkunna thookkikkollunna terresukal upayogichu avayude ippozhathe roopathil punakrameekarikkappettirkim. irupathaam noottaandil 1914-ll droingukalum plaanukalum photographukalum prasidheekaricha gertrude jekillum vitta sackville-vesttum ulppede niravadhi vishishta udyana ezhuthukaar avaye oru romaantik athijeevanamaayi prashamsichu. 1980 muthal boxes parterukal, vipulamaaya maram nattupidippikkal, georgian mill kulatthinum piyar thadaakathinum chuttum nadattham enniva upayogichu avaa punasthaapikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu.
moonga estettu.
jaivvum susthiravumaaya thathwangalil varshangalayi kaikaaryam cheiyunna moonga estettil, jeevivargangalaal sambannamaaya sthiramaaya mechilppuravum moongayude kottaarathinu chuttumulla purathana vanapradeshangalaal chuttapetta pulmedukalum parambaraagatha phaam kettidangalum kottejukalum ulppedunnu. madhyakaalakhattatthile estettile strip linchattukal.
1970kall muthal oru grist mill (1728), kodathi veedu (1620kall), dasaamsham kalappura (1446), neythukaarude kottejukal ennivayulppede estettile ombathu charitraparamaaya kottejukal avadhikkala thaamasathinaayi labhyamaan.
1446-leeii madhyakala sider hausil oru restorant undu, athu 2020-ll vivahangal, kacherikal, paripaadikal ennivayude vediyaayi pooll building framing teknikkukal upayogichu vipuleekarichu.
maadyamangal.
yuu. yude 'aulpen maanar' ulppede irupathaam noottaandile niravadhi kavithakalude prachodanavum thalakkettumaan aulpen maanar. eiii. joonn bensaidinteyum reginald arclinteyum fantorpum vaakyangalum. joonn buchan, wolfgang hildeshimer ennivarude novalukalilum aduthide kettu reordante romaantik fictionukalaaya "dhii gayle inn photograph" (pengvin bukkukal, 2015), dina jefferies, "dhii tea plaantarude bhaarya" (pengvin bukkukal, 2015), kaatti foord ennivayilum prachodanakaramaaya ramgangal eee veedinundu.
sameepa varshangalil, niravadhi television feature philimukal, geyim shokal, dokyumentarikal ennivayude sthalamaayi aulpen maanar upayogikkunnu. moost honded" (seerees 4,2004); "dhii fly aandu dhii eegil" (bristtol kavi puraskaara jethaavaaya roobert southi, carolin aan bowls ennivarude pranayathekkurichulla oru bbc naadakam); "dhii trubble vithu hoome" (echtivi vesttinu vendi nirmmicha maandezhsinekkurichulla oru documentary); "tudorukal njangalkkayi enthaanu cheythath"; "kantrifail"; "mattu bollin gayle"; "vaattar kalar chalanchu"; athupole purathana vasthukkal, paachakam, poonthottaparipaalanam, yaatra, kalaa paripaadikal enniva ulppedunnu. joonn kooll avatharippikkukayum jill dando avatharippikkukayum cheytha bii. bii. sii. 1-nte munnira "holiday" paripaadiyil holiday kottejukalum restorantukalum ulppeduthiyittundu.
jemma arterton eddi redmayne abhinayicha "tess oof dhii dii arbervilles" (2008) enna bii. bii. siyude peereed drama adaptationilum (hrasvamaayi) novelist jaine oosttante jeevithathe aaspadamaakkiyulla "jaying jaine" enna chithratthilum aulpen maanar bramscoat courtayi prathyakshappettu. 2017ll, pooll thomas aandezhsan samvidaanam cheytha daniel day-luis abhinayicha peereed drama chithramaaya "phaantam thread"-nte pradhana sthalangalilonnaayi maanar hausum estettum upayogichu. 2005 septambaril pathra abhimukhathinaayi aulpenile oru kudil thiranjedutthu, pinneedu netflixil kaanichu, "vella vithamthaav" ennariyappedunna britiish jihadi samanta levthvaittinoppam.

