
aamason nadiyude uravidam

lokathile ettavum valia nadiyude pradhana uravidam noottaandukalaayi paryaveshanathinteyum oohaapohangaludeyum vishayamaan, innum vaadangalkku kaaranamaakunnu. aamason nadiyude uthbhavam nirnnayikkunnath lokamembaadumulla pandithanmarkkum paryavekshakarkkum sanjaarikalkkum idayil vishalamaaya samvaadangalkku kaaranamaayi. oru nadiyude uravidathekkurichull vyathyastha nirvachanangal upayogikkukayum avaa ippozhum upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. saadhaaranayaayi, oru nadiyude pradhana uravidam nirnnayikkaan naalu pradhana maanadandangal prayogikkaam uravidathinte ozhukk nirakk, uravidathinte neelam, uravidathinte neertthada pradesham, athinte neeruravayude uyaram. nilavil, aamason nadikku oru savishesha srothassalla, marichu niravadhi pradhana aruvi pradeshangalaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. uyarnna aandisil kaanapedunna moonnu vyathyastha peruvian nadikalude uthbhavasthaanangalaaniva maaraanon, apurimac, mantaro.
pashchaathalam.
aamason nadhi athinte ozhukk nirakkinte kaaryatthil lokathile ettavum valia nadiyaanu. koodaathe, lokathile ettavum neelam koodiya nadiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunna nail nadikku sesham atlaantik samudrathinte mukhathu ninnu 6,575 kilometer (4,086 mile) neelam varunna randaamathe nadiyaanith (nail nadiyude uravidam kaanuka), ennirunnaalum chila tharkkangalund. athinte neelatthinte pakuthiyolam, peruvile ekvittos nagaratthil ninnu mukalilekku, aamason maaraanon, ukayali nadikalaayi vibhajikkunnu. eee rund nadikalum ithuvare aamasoninte pradhana uravidangalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. maranoninu uyarnna ozhukk nirakkund, athesamayam ukayali kooduthalaanu. aamasoninte ettavum akaleyulla rund srothassukalaaya apurimac, mantaro nadikalaanu ukayali thadatthil.
peruvian aandisinte uyarnna parvathapradeshathaanu maaraanon, mantaro, apurimac nadikal uthbhavikkunnath. moonnu srothassukalum aamasoninte uravidamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, pakshe vyathyastha kaazhchappaadukalil ninnu. aamasoninte pradhana uravidamaayi maranonine kanakkaakkaamenkilum ukayaliyum athinte poshakanadikalum maranonumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol neelamullathaanu. aamason nadiyude pradhana uravidam nirnnayikkaan prayaasamaan, athinaal athinte niravadhi uravida pradeshangalekkurichu samsaarikkunnath sariyaanu.
maaraanon nadiyude uthbhavasthaanam.
niravadhi noottaandukalaayi aamason nadiyude pradhana uravidamaayi maaraanon nadiyude uravidam kanakkaakkappettirunnu. aamason nadiyude mukhathu ninnu mukalilekku sanjarichu aamason nadeethadatthinte aadya bhoopadam varacha father saamuval fritts enna check jesuit purohithanaan eee uravidam nirnnayichathu. 1707-leeii addehathinte bhoopadam ukayali nadiyekkaal valuthaanu maaraanon nadiyennum athinaal aamason nadiyude pradhana uravidamaanennum kaanikkunnu. aamasoninte ellah poshakanadikalilum ettavum kooduthal jalam nalkiyathu maaraanonaanenn fritts vishwasichu, ithu ettavum pradhanappetta thalapravahamaakki. padinjaaran aandeesile loricocha thadaakamaayi addeham maaraanon nadiyude uravidam nirvachichu. eee thadaakam () sthithicheyyunnathu uyarathilaanu. loricocha thadaakathil ninnu ozhukunna loricocha nadhi rontos pattanathinaduthulla thadaakathinu vadakkulla newp nadiyil cherukayum rund cheria nadikalude samyojanam pinneedu maaraanon nadhi ennariyappedukayum cheiyunnu.
aamason nadiyude pradhana uravidathekkurichull fritsinte avakaashavaadam ekadesham 200 varshatholam chodyam cheyyappedaathe kidannu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, italiyil janicha peruvian bhoomishaasthranjanum shaasthranjanumaaya antonio reymondi, loricocha nadiyekkaal neelamullathum valuppameriyathumaaya nadiyaanennu addeham paranja newp nadiyaanu pradhana aruviyennu nirddeshichu. siula grande ennariyappedunna huwashuwash parvathanirakalile ettavum uyaram koodiya kodumudikalilonnin sameepamulla cheria thadaakangalude oru samvidaanathilaanu newp nadiyude uthbhavam. ettavum mukalilulla thadaakathe kwesillokocha () ennu vilikkunnu.
aranoottaandinushesham, 1952-ll sebaastyan snow, joonn braun ennee rund engleeshukaar aamason nadiyude uravidamaayi ninokocha enna cheria himanitala thadaakathe thiricharinju. raura parvathanirakalil sthithi cheiyunna eee thadaakathil ninnulla aruvi raura silver khaniyiloode loricocha thadaakathilekku ozhukunnu. pinneedu aamason nadiyil ninnu atlaantik samudrathile athinte mukhathekku manju veenu. ninokocha thadaakam (νινοκοча) sthithicheyyunnathu.
apurimac nadiyude uthbhavasthaanam.
1930kalil apurimac nadiyude uthbhavasthaanathekku shradha thirikkappettu. 1935ll aamason nadiyude pradhana uravidamaayi vilaphro thadaakam () kandethi. 1969ll, pramukha peruvian bhoomishaasthranjanaaya carlos penahere dell agvilayaanu thekkan peruvile mismi parvathatthil ninnu ozhukunna karhuvasanta nadiye (lokvetta nadhiyum) aathyanthika uravidamaayi aadyamaayi mudrakuthiyathu. rund varshathinu sesham pathinonnu dasalaksham dollar moolyamulla "koosttiyo aamason paryaveshanam" eee chodyam parishodhichu, 1983ll purathirangiya "koosttiyoyude aamason" enna peril aarr manikkoor dairkhyamulla oru television dokyumentariyil kalaashichu. eee paryavekshanam moonnu vyathyastha grouppukalaayi vibhajikkapettu, koodaathe upper aamason vibhaagathe emm. tii. yill nadiyude uthbhavasthaanath ninnu mukalile moonnaamathethu paryavekshanam cheyyaanulla chumatala "flying expedition" nalki. missi. atlaantik samudravumaayi cherunnathilekku ozhukunna jalathinte ettavum akaleyulla pooyint nirnnayikkaan oru american cartographic oorganaiseshan alakkunna puthuthayi vikasippicha upagraha chithrangal eee paryaveshanam upayogichu. upper aamason paryaveshanatthil oru kizhakkan europian multy-accelled articlated land rover, aakasha nireekshanatthinaayi oru float playin papagayu, chila parvathanirakalude mukalile nilakal parisodhikkaan uyarnna uyarathilulla helikopttar vaagdaanam cheytha peruvian vyomasena enniva ulppedunnu. missi.
18, 000 adii (5,486 meter) uyaramulla agniparvvathathil kayaran koosttiyo jarmman aalpinistukalude oru samghathe ayachu, avar erangunna samayat urukia vellam oru villalilekku veezhunnathu avar kandethi. mismiyude thekkan charivile eee aazhathilulla villal rund meter muthal araa meter vare veethiyullathum charivilekku neengunnathumaaya valippathil vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. akathulla aruvi aprathyakshamaakunnathin munbu ekadesham ambathu meter ozhuki, bhoogarbhajalamaayi maarukayum thudarnnu athinte gathi thudaraan thaazhekku uyarukayum cheythu. eee villalinullil, aamasoninte ettavum uyarameriyathum vidooravumaaya uthbhavasthaanathekku naavigettu cheyyaanulla avasarathode paryavekshanam avatharippikkunna oru cheria karakaushala kappal ozhukaan vellam mathiyaya aazhathilaayirunnu. amerikkakkaranaaya olimbiku pariseelanam labhicha kayakar kaaril ridley koosttiyo parvathatthilekku konduvannu, addeham paryaveshana pinthunayode oru cheria pampas thadaakathil ninnu kayarukal, kayak, upakaranangal enniva vahikkunna laama train upayogichu parvathatthil kayari, 1982 juunil aamasoninte uthbhavam nadathunna aadya vyakthiyayi.
pilkkaalatthe paryaveshanangal nadiyude niravadhi poshakanadikalekkurichum athinte niravadhi tharkkaparamaaya uthbhavangalode valanjozhukunna ozhukkinekkurichum nammude daaranaye parishkarichu. nadikalude uthbhavam" enna nirvachanam sammanam nedaan aagrahikkunna samoohangal, samghadanakal, paryaveshanangal, saahasikar ennivar charchaavishayamaayi thudarunnu. ennaal uyarnna uyarathilulla villalukalulla mismiyude vadakkan thaazhvarayilulla eee cheria thadaakam ettavum saadhyathayulla thadaakamaayi thudarunnu.
lorren misinteyarinte neethrthwathilulla oru deseeya bhoomishaasthra samooha paryaveshanatthil mismi parvathatthinte vadakkan charivil oru cheria thadaakamaan pradhana uravidamennu thiricharinju. lake misintayar ennu peritta eee thadaakam pinneedu chila bhoopadangalil "laguna bohemia" ennu thettayi prathyakshappettu. aamasoninte pradhana uravidangalilonnaayi bohumir jansky neethrthwathilulla check-peruvian paryaveshanamaanu yadhaartha laguna bohemia pinneedu thiricharinjathu.
mattu paryaveshanangal eee pradeshathekku nayichu. 1996ll poolish vamshajanaaya jassec palkywicks peruvian saniel onnamanum. novova goikochiya thadaakam mistayar nishedhichu, nevado chokvekoraavuvinu sameepamulla appachetta nadiyude vrishtipradeshathu oru malancherivinu thaazheyulla oru cheria neeruravayaanu pradhana uravidamaayi thiricharinjathu. kaarhuvaasanthayekkaal valuthum neelamullathumaanu apachettayennathaayirunnu avarude vaadam. ennaal eee vaadam pinneedu nishedhichu. karhuvasanta, apachetta nadikalude samgamasthaanathinushesham lokvetta nadhi uthbhavikkunnu.
1999-2000 ll, praagile chaals sarvakalashaalayil ninnulla bohumir jansky neethrthwathilulla oru check shaasthra samgham, carlos penahere dell agvilayude abhiprayavumaayi bandhappedutthi, addehavumaayi sahakarikkukayum karhuvasanta nadiye aamasoninte pradhana uravidamaayi namakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu. 2011-ll jansky samghavum avarude avakaashavaadam rekhappeduthikkondu varshangalolam neenduninna oru padhathiyude phalangal prasidheekarichu. lokvatta nadiye roopappeduthunna naalu aruvikale (karhuvasanta, appachetta, sillanc, cacansa) avar valare vishadamaayi vivarichu. eee phalangalude adisthaanathil, ettavum neelam koodiyathum ettavum valia drainage eriyayullathumaaya nadiyaanu karhuwashanta. karhuvasanta nadiyude rund uravidangal avar thiricharinju, laguna bohemia (allengil lake bohemia), paara neerurava ennu vilikkappedunnu. jalaavastha nireekshikkunnathinum avakaashavaadathe pinthunaykkunnathinulla kooduthal thelivukal labhikkunnathinum, jansky team eee pradeshathu niravadhi jala, kalavastha steshanukal sthaapichittundu. ettavum uyarnna thadassamillaatha ozhukk nirakk enna ardhathil aamasoninte pradhana uravidamaayi karhusanta nadiyekkurichulla avarude avakaashavaadam nilavile gaveshanam sthireekarikkunnu. 2007 aayappozhekkum, kalavastha vyathiyaanathinte anantharafalamaayi lokvetta nadiyude uthbhavasthaanathulla ellah himanikalum aprathyakshamaayi. eee vastutha praadeshika jalashasthraparamaaya avasthakalil maattam varuthiyenkilum thiricharinja rund srothassukal thadassamillaathe thudarunnu.
mantaro nadiyude uthbhavasthaanam.
2014ll jaims contose nicolas tripsevich aamasoninte ettavum vidoora uravidathe mantaro nadhi ennu vilikkunna oru kandethal nadatthi. rumi cruze parvathanirakalile junin thadaakatthinte uthbhavasthaanath ettavum akaleyulla neerurava avar kandethi. contose tripsevich apurimac, mantaro nadikalude neelam kanakkaakkukayum thaarathamyam cheyyukayum cheythappol mantaro nadikku ekadesham neelamundennu kandethi. ennirunnaalum, varshathil niravadhi maasangal mantaro nadiyude uravidathinte ozhukk thadassappedunnuvennum athinaal athinte uravidathile oru thulli vellam aamasoninte mukhathekkulla yaatra poortthiyaakkillennum contose tripsevich sammathikkunnu.
aamason nadiyude pradhana pravaaha pradeshangal.
parambaraagathamaayi, pala bhoomishaasthranjarum paryavekshakarum oru nadiyilekku ettavum kooduthal vellam nalkunna ettavum vidooramaaya mukalile pooyintaayi oru uravidathe nirvachichittundu. ennirunnaalum, lokathile ettavum valia nadikalude kaaryatthil eee maanadandam upayogikkaan eluppamalla. eathu nirvachanathino vyaakhyaanathino munganana nalkunnu ennathine aashrayich, oru nadiyude uravidathinu theerchayaayum rund vyathyastha utharangal undakam.
athinaal, aamason nadiyude niravadhi pradhana pravaaha pradeshangal pariganikkendathundu