
ctenizide

mannu, sasyangal, putt enniva upayogichu nirmmicha cork polulla trapdoor upayogichu kuzhikal nirmmikkunna migalomorph chilanthikalude oru cheria kudumbamaanu settenisidae. mattu samana inangalaaya lifistaide, bariselidae, syrtouchenidae ennee kudumbangaleyum idiopidae, nemesidae ennivayile chila enangaleyum pole avaye trapdoor chilanthikal ennu vilikkam. chilanthikalude trapdorukal nirmmikkunnathinum avayude adiyil ninnu iraye pathiyirunnu akramikkunnathinum ulla savisheshamaaya perumaattatthil ninnaan eee peru vannath. 
2018ll, halonoproctidae kudumbatthe tenesidayil ninnu verthirichu. 2020ll mattoru janussaaya "staasimopas" swantham kudumbamaaya staasimopideyaayi vibhajikkapettu. nilavil rund janussukalum anchu enangalum ulkkollunnathaan eee kudumbam.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
thudarchayaayi vrithiyaakkunna avarude swabhaavathe soochippikkunna "cheepp" allengil "vrithiyaakkal" ennartham varunna greak "kettenisin", oru kudumbatthil pettavar ennu soochippikkunna "-aide" enna prathyayam ennivayil ninnaan eee peru uruthirinjathu.
vargeekaranam.
tenesiday" janussine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu 1887-ll thorell aadyamaayi vivaricha kudumbamaaya "tenesiday". molecular phylogeneticsinte varavinum chilanthikalilekkulla prayogatthinum sesham, eee kudumbam kramena nasippikkappettu; loka chilanthi kaattalog munbu tenesidayil sthaapichirunna nooriladhikam janussukale pattikappedutthunnu, pakshe ippol mattu kudumbangalilekku maattunnu. 2018ll halonoproctidae vibhajikkappedukayum moonnu janussukal maathram avasheshikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee kudumbam monophylatic aayirunnilla, kaaranam 2018 leeii oru patanam anusarichu "staasimopas" mattu rund janussukalude athe vamshathilalla (akkaalat settenisideyil avasheshikkunna moonnu vamshangal manja niratthilaanu):
2020-ll, oru valia thothilulla molecular phylogenetic patanam "settenisa", "syrtocarenum" enniva ulkkollunna cledinu purathu "staasimopas" sthaapikkunnathaayi sthireekarikkukayum athu swantham kudumbamaaya staasimopideyilekku maattukayum cheythu. eee sthaanam loka chilanthi kaattalog amgeekarikkunnu.
janarej.
loka chilanthi kaattalog nilavilulla rund janussukale maathrame sweekarichittulloo
vitharanavum aavaasavyavasthayum.
europilum turkeyilum, prathyekichu fraansilum italiyilum, tenesidayude rund janussukal kaanapedunnu. mattu pala migalomorphukaleyum pole, "tenissa" yum valare praadeshikavalkkaricha vitharanangalaan. ithu maathru kuzhikalil ninnu kurachu akale chilanthi kuzhikalude koottatthinu kaaranamaakunnu, athinte falamaayi oru valia penpakshiye chuttipattiyulla idathoornna chilanthikalude koottam undaakunnu.

