mookkukalude asthi

sarr muirhead boonn (23 march 1876-21 october 1953) oru scotish echarum vaattar kalaristtumaayirunnu, addeham vyavasaya, vasthuvidyaa vishayangale chithreekarichathinum onnum randum lokamahaayudhangalil oru yudhakalaakaaranenna nilayilulla pravarthanangalkkum perukettirunnu.
etching punarujjeevanatthinte avasana thalamurayile oru vyakthiyaya, asthiyude aadyakaala valuthum valareyadhikam pravarthikkunnathumaaya vasthuvidyaa vishayangal 1929 leeii vaal street thakarcha kalaktarmaarude vpaniye thaazhthunnathinu munbu valare uyarnna vila nedi. niravadhi mudrakal vaangaan collectormaare prothsaahippichukondu niravadhi vyathyastha stettukalude kothupanikal prasidheekarichathil addeham kuprasidhanaayirunnillum ariyappettirunnu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathile britiish vaar memorials kammittiyilum randaam lokamahaayudhathile yuddha kalakaaranmaarude upadeshaka samithiyilum sajeeva amgamaayirunnu boonn. niravadhi yuva kalakaaranmaarude srishtikal addeham prolsaahippikkukayum tettu gallery, deseeya gallery, imperial vaar museum ennivayude trasttiyaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
glasgoyile paarttikkilaan moorhead boonn janichathu. pathrapravartthakanaaya david drummond boonn (1841-1911), elisabath miller crofford (1847-1886) ennivaraayirunnu addehathinte maathaapithaakkal.
asthiyum sahodarangalum praadeshika board schoolil padikkukayum pathinalam vayass muthal aprenteeshippil niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. naalu varshatholam muirhead boninte seeniyaraya jaims boonn oru pathra reporteraayi pariseelanam nedukayum maanchastar guardiante lunden karaspondantaayi maarukayum mattoru mootha sahodaranaaya david boonn navikasenayil cherukayum oduvil aankar laininte commander maastaraayi maarukayum cheythu. thudakkathil oru porsaline chithrakaaranaayum pinneedu oru aarkkitektinte draftsmaanaayum pariseelanam nediya muirhead boonn udan thanne kalayilekku thiriyunnathin munbu naalu varshathe apprenteeshipp poortthiyaakki.
thudakkathil sayahna klaasukalil glasgo school oof artilaanu boonn padichathu. avidevechu addeham kalakaaranaaya francis dooad, sahodari gertrude heleena dooad ennivarumaayi sauhrudam sthaapichu, 1898ll addehavumaayi vivaahanischayam nadatthi. 1898ll addeham print making aarambhichu, addehathinte aadyathe print oru lithograph aayirunnu, ippol addeham thante kothupanikalkkum dripoyintukalkkum perukettathaanu. nagara nirmmanavum polikkunna sthalangalum gothik cathedralukalum norman kettidangalum ulppedunna bhooprakrithiyumaayum vaasthuvidyayumaayum bandhappettathaayirunnu addehathinte vishayam. britiish myoosiyathinte kaivashamulla addehathinte achadikalude shekharathil shekharathil 1898num idayil southu ireshare aasthaanamaayulla niravadhi kruthikal adangiyirikkunnu. 1900ll addeham vellington chamberile puthuthayi nirmmicha parisarathu ninnu art klaasukal nadatthaan shramichu.
1901ll boonn landanilekku thamasam maarukayum avidevechu vilyam strung, dugald macaul, aalphons legros ennivare kandumuttukayum puthiya engleesh art clubble amgamaakukayum cheythu. 1902ll carfax galleryil addeham thante aadya sooloo exhibition nadatthi. addeham pradharshippicha glasgo art clubbilum boonn amgamaayirunnu. 1903-ll, oru kalakaranenna nilayil anchu varshathe vivaahanishchayathin sesham, gertrudine vivaham kazhikkaan kazhiyunnathra saambathika vijayam boonn oduvil nedi. avar chiswikkilekku thamasam maarukayum 1904-ll avarude aadya makan steefanum 1907-ll avarude randaamathe makan gavinum janikkukayum cheythu. 1905-ll eyar jayilinte sradheyamaaya printukalum 1907-ll balantre roadinte kaazhchaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru parambarayum nirmmichukondu asthi eyar sandarshikkunnathu thudarnnu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhavum interbellavum.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, vilyam rothensteente upadesaprakaaram pravarthicha britiish vaar propanden beuroyude thalavanaaya chaals maastarmaan 1916 meyy maasathil aadyathe audyogika britiish yuddha kalakaaranaayi bonine niyamichu. oru audyogika yuddha kalaakaaran padhathi sthaapikkunnathinaayi boonn kadinamaayi lobby cheyyukayum 1916 juunil addehathe oonarari rankum 500 poundu shambalavumaayi francilake ayaykkukayum cheythu. yuddham pottippurappettappol muppathiyettu vayass praayamundengilum, addehathinte niyamanathiloode asthiye chila listtingil ninnu ozhivaakki. asthikalude cheruthum karuppum veluppum varacha chithrangalum avayude yaadhaarthyabodhamulla theevrathayum annathe sarkkar dhanasahaayathode prasidheekaricha prasidheekaranangalil nannayi punarnirmikkappettu. chila kalakaaranmaar oru drydockil samudra linerukal varaykkukayo allengil oru aayudha faaktariyil pathinaayirakkanakkin shellukal varaykkukayo cheiyumenna velluviliyil niraashappettirikkam, avayil asthi santhushtamaayirunnu; sankeernamaaya vishayangalaal addeham apoorvvamaayi maathrame bhayappettirunnulloo, velluvili enthuthanneyaayaalum addehathinte srishti kammeeshan cheythavarkku ellaayppozhum uparithala araajakathvathil ninnu manoharavum chittappeduthiyathumaaya oru roopakalppana uyarnnuvannuvennu urappakkaan kazhiyum.
oonarari second leftanantaayi kammeeshan cheyyappetta boonn padinjaaran munnaniyile sakhyasenakalilum oru kaalathekku royal neviyilum oru yuddha kalakaaranaayi sevanamanushtichu. 1916 august 16 nuu somme yudhathil addeham fraansil ethi, 1916 octoberil englandilekku madangunnathinumumbu yudhathinte 150 droingukal nirmmichu. adutha kurachu maasangalil asthi thante muun vishayathilekku madangi, yuddha prachaarana beuroyude "brittante sramangalum aadarshangalum" enna chithrangalude portfoliyoykkaayi clydil aarr lithographukal nirmmikkukayum avaa brittanilum videshathum pradarshippikkukayum yudhashramathinaayi panam swaroopikkunnathinaayi printukalaayi vilkkukayum cheythu. 1917ll addeham veendum france sandarshichu, avide vasthuvidyaa avashishtangal chithreekarikkaan addeham prathyeka thaalparyam prakadippichu. yudhasamayathu "dhii vestten frond", "vithu dhii grand fleet" ennee rund vaalyangalil asthichithrangal prasidheekarichu. britiish vaar memorials kammittiyil sajeeva amgamaayirunna addeham, samithiyil ninnu kammeeshan labhicha kalakaaranmaare thiranjedukkaan sahayichu.
yudhaviraamathinu sesham, yudhathinu munbu addeham nirmmicha kruthikalilekku boonn madangiyethi, saha yuddha kalakaaranmaaraaya vilyam oorpen, windom levis ennivare prothsaahippikkunnathil swaadheenam chelutthi. france, itali, netherlands enniva sandarshichukondu addeham vipulamaaya videsha yathrakal nadatthaan thudangi, ithu addehathinte pravartthanangale kooduthal swaadheenichu. 1923ll atlaantik crossinghinide addeham novelist joseph konraadinte moonnu chhaayaachithrangal nirmmichu. 1929-ll speyinilekkulla deerghakaala sandarshanathinte falamaayi 1936-ll prasidheekaricha eee vaachakam ezhuthiya bharyayumaayulla sahakaranathode fooliyoo "ooldu spain" enna pusthakam puratthirangi. yudhaanthya kaalaghattatthil addeham landanilum newyorkkilum vipulamaayi pradarshippikkukayum ganyamaaya prashasthi nedukayum cheythu. kalaykkulla sevanangalkkayi 1937 leeii kireedadhaarana bahumathikalil boninu naitt padavi labhichu, addeham trasttiyaayum tettu, naashanal gallery, imperial vaar museum ennivayulppede niravadhi sthaapanangalude kammittikalilum sevanamanushtichu.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
randaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettappol, muirhead boonn yuddha kalakaaranmaarude upadeshaka samithiyil amgamaayi niyamikkappedukayum admirality vishayangalil prathyekathayulla vivara manthraalayathil muzhuvan samaya shambalamulla kalakaaranaayi maarukayum cheythu. theeradesha sthaapanangalude ramgangalum ozhippicha sainikarudeyum udyogastharudeyum chhaayaachithrangalum addeham nirmmichu. ennirunnaalum, 1943-ll makan gaavinte maranathethudarnnu, admiraltti commissionil thudarendathillennu addeham theerumaanichuvenkilum yuddham avasanikkunnathuvare addeham oru sajeeva kammitti amgamaayi thudarnnu. addehathinte mattoru makan steefan boonn pinneedu ozhinjukidakkunna admiraltti sthaanathekku niyamikkapettu.
maranam.
1953 october october ooksfoordil vachu asthi marichu. sent palliyodu chernnulla palli muttathaanu addehathe samskarichathu. meriyude palli, cheshayarile vaale royal edavakayile vaittgett. sent. ill addehathinu oru smaaraka kallundu. landanile pools cathedral.

