
engai tuho

nyoosilandile oru mavori aivi aanu tuho ennu palappozhum ariyappedunna engai tuho (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ tuho-pottikki enna poorvvika vyakthiyil ninnaan ithinu eee peru labhichathu. "kuthaneyulla" allengil "uchabhakshanam" ennartham varunna oru mavori bhasha padamaanu "tuho". tuho janangal "nagaa tamariki ooo teey kohu" ("moodalmanjinte kuttikal") enna vilipperum vahikkunnu. kizhakkan vadakkan dveepile teey yooraverayilaanu (muun teey yooravera desheeyodyaanam) tuho parambaraagatha bhoomi, vicaremona thadaakam ulppedunna kuthaneyullathum kanatha vanapradesavumaanu. parambaraagathamaayi touho avarude aavasyangalkkaayi vanathe aashrayichirunnu. ahikereru, ruwatahuna ennee cheria parvatha thaazhvarakalil gothrathinu avarude pradhana janasamkhya kendrangalundaayirunnu, yureverayude aantharika sreekovilil moungapohattu avarude vishudha parvathamaayirunnu. aakramana senayude smashaanamenna nilayil ayal gothrangalkkidayil tuho raajyathin valia prashasthi undaayirunnu.
mavori swathuathodulla thudarchayaaya sakthamaaya anusaranathinum avaril 62 sathamaanam ippozhum samsaarikkunna mavori bhaashayude thakarkkappedaatha upayogathinum (2018 kanakk) tuho janangalkk prashasthi undu. 33, 000 muthal 46,000 vare varunna tuho janathayil ekadesham 30 sathamaanam ippozhum avarude gothrabhoomiyilaanu thaamasikkunnath; bakkiyullavaril bhooribhaagavum teey yoorerayude arikilulla pattanangalilum valia vadakkan dweep nagarangalilum thaamasikkunnu. kuranjathu 5,000 perr austreliyayil thaamasikkunnu. ngati kaura, ngati rongo, ngati tawaki, thamakaimovana, ngati vaar, teey vano paani, ngati hinekura, paduheyu ennivayaanu tuhoile upajaathikal.
tuho they yuraverayil kyaambukal paripaalikkunnath thudarukayum vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna pakshikalaaya north ailand braun kivi, north ailand cocaco ennivaykkaayi samrakshana paripaadikal nadatthaan sahayikkukayum cheiyunnu. kaapa hacka", samvaadangal, kaayika malsarangal, fashion shokal enniva ulkkollunna "teey huy ahurey ā tuho" (tuho utsavam) enna chadanginaayi oro rund varshathilum niravadhi tuhokal avarude janmanaattilekku madangunnu. suhruthukkalumaayum bandhukkalumaayum bandham nilanirthaanulla oru pradhana avasaram eee paripadi nalkunnu.
charithram.
pathonpathaam noottaand.
aadyakaala europian kudiyettakkaarumaayi tuhoik nerittu bandhamundaayirunnilla. 1864-ll oraakkou yudhathil "aivi" kudiyetta sarkkaarinethire poraadiyappozhaanu aadyathe pradhana sanbarkkam undaayath. thuhoyumaayi chila gotra bandhangalulla revi maniapoto 1862-ll yooravera sandarshikkukayum sarkkaarinethiraaya kalaapathil pankedukkaan avare prerippikkukayum cheythu; addeham chila muthirnnavarude aagrahathin virudhamaayi pooyi. thudakkathil vimukhatha kaanicha tuho kalaapathe pinthunaykkaan revi vedikkoppukal nalki. oraakkou yudhathile vedinirthal samayat, vedinirthal pathaakaykk keezhil, oru vivarthakanaaya gilbert meyarine oru tuhoyo yodhaavu tholil vedivachu. yudhathile mikkavarum ellah tuhoy kollappettu.
adutha varsham, wolkner sambhavam ennu vilikkapettathil, sabhaa missionary sosaittiyile missionaryaaya kaal volknare kollunnathinum shirachhedam cheiyunnathinum vendiyirunna oru houhou keriopa teey rauvinu tuho abhayam nalkiyathaayi adhikrithar aaropichu. thudakkathil, hoohou nethaavine kandethaan tuho sahakarikkukayum addehathe thadavilaakkukayum cheythirunnu. tuho addehathe vilapeshal chip aayi upayogikkaan shramichenkilum sarkkar teey rouvine vichaaranaykk kaimaranamennu aavasyappettu. tuho addehathe mochippicha sesham, teey rau yoorerakalil olichu. shikshayaayi 1866ll sarkkar 5700 hector allengil vadakkan theeradesha athirthiyile 7 sathamaanam tuho bhoomi kanduketty. gettu paa yudhathinu sesham bay oof pulty vimatharil ninnu pidicheduttha bhoomikk sameepamulla kandukettapetta tuho bhoomi. kireedamanikal thoohoyude eaka ganyamaaya parannathum phalabhooyishtavumaaya bhoomi eduthu, ithu "kaii moona" (kadal bhakshanam) ennathinaayi theerathekku avarude eaka praveshanam nalki. tuho janangal kooduthal budhimuttulla, akathala bhoomi maathram nilanirtthi, pilkkala shaamangalkku rangam orukki.
1868-ll, chaatham dveepukalile thadavil ninnu rakshapetta mochithanaaya mavori nethaavu teey koottikk tuho abhayam nalki. thaan thattikkondupoya kappalil ninnu moshticha aadhunika aayudangal poornnamaayum aayudhamaakkiya oru valia koottam prathikalumayi they kootti pradeshathetthi. vishudhamandirathinaayulla thante aavashyangale tuho ethirthirunno enna kaaryatthil samshayamundu. chila tuho addehathinte sayudha ringatu bandle chernnu, ennaal mattu tuho they kootti evideyaanennu sarkkar senayodu paranju. chilar addehathe vettayaadaan sayudha senayil chernnu. vettaykkide teey koottiye pinthunacha tooho sarkkar sainyam shikshichu. ", nyoosilandinte oonlain vijnjaanakosham parayunnu
tuhoyude pazhaya sathrukkal sarkkaarinte pakshathaanu pooraadiyathu; 1869 num 1872 num idayil neendathum vinashakaravumaaya thirachilinide avar they yooraverayilekku nadatthiya reydukalil bhooribhaagavum. they koottiyil ninnu gothrathe pinthirippikkukayenna lakshyathodeyulla oru nayathil, thoohoykkethire oru kathikkarinja bhoumaprasthaanangal azhichuvittu; aalukale thadavilaakkukayum kollukayum cheythu, avarude krishikalum veedukalum nasippikkappettu, mrugangal kollappedukayo ozhukukayo cheythu. pattini, daaridryam, sarkkaarinte mavori senayude athikramangal ennivayiloode tuho kireedatthinu keezhadangi.
teey kootti thanne raajaraajyathekk rakshapettu, avane vettayaadunnathine chuttipattiyulla sambhavangalkk sesham, tuho svayam otappettu, vilcano paattatthinu nalkano sarway nadathaano visammathichukondu avarude bhoomikalilekkulla praveshanam nirthalaakkukayum rodukalude nirmmaanam thadayukayum cheythu.
irupathu varshathinusesham, yuravera nethaakkalum premiier seddon thaddeshakaarya mantri timi (jaims) carol 1896 leeii "yuravera distrikt native reserve act" (yuu. dii. enn. aarr) charcha cheythu. oru pothusamithiyiloodeyum praadeshika kammittikaliloodeyum tuho svayambharanathinu athu vyavastha cheythu, thaddesheeya bhoopradesam ozhivaakkukayum pakaram rund pakeha anchu tuho kammeeshanarmaarum adangunna oru kammeeshan sthaanapperukal nirnnayikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, praayogikamaayi, ayogyathayudeyum mosham vishwaasathinteyum mishrithathiloodeyaanu kireedam "...udnar niyamathile vaagdaanangal nadappaakkunnathil poornnamaayum parajayappettu; neethiyukthamaayum nyayamaayum manyamaayum pravartthikkunnathil parajayappettu...teey yoorerayile ellah janangaludeyum udambadi avakashangal samrakshikkunnathil parajayappettu..."
1916 police raid.
charitrakaaranaaya jaims belich yuraveraye mavori svayambharanathinte avasana mekhalakalilonnaayum sayudha mavori prathirodhatthinte avasana kesinte ramgamaayum visheshippikkunnu 1916 leeii nyoosiland police raid tuho pravaachakan ruwa kenana arast cheiyunnathinaayi.
1916 epril 2nuu 70 amgavum kanatha aayudhadhaariyumaaya oru police samgham addehathe raajyadrohakkuttam chumatthi arast cheyyaan moungapohaattuvil ethi. ruvayude graamam valare vidooramaayathinaal poleesinu dhaaraalam upakaranangal eduthu vazhiyil camp cheyyendivannu. avar vaaganukalum paaykk-kuthirakalumulla oru cheria sainyatheppole neengi, nyoosiland herald photographer arther breaken ithil ulppedunnu. akramanam nadathaanulla uddeshyathekkurichu moungapohaattu graamathe ariyikkathirikkaan avar reydinu thottumunbu vare police unifom dharichirunnilla. moungapohaattuvil athumbol oru pathiyirunnu akramanam undaakumenn avarkk bodhyamaayi.
vyakthiparamayi ruwa akramasakthamaaya oru prathirodhavum prakadippichillenkilum addehathinte anuyaayikal poleesumaayi aramanikkoor nerathekku nadanna vedivayppil ruvaante makan tokko ulppede rund maavarikal kollappedukayum rund perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. naalu constablemaarkkum parikkettu. ruvaye arast cheyth rotoruvayilekku kondupoyi, avante mudiyum thaadiyum neekkam cheythu. rotoruvayil ninnu, vaattu ulppede mattu aarr mavori thadavukaarkkoppam, ruvaye ookklaandilekku maattukayum nerittu moundu eedan jaililekku ayaykkukayum cheythu. 1915leeii kuttangalkk chumathiya onpathu maasathe shikshayil aadyam roovaye thadavilaakkukayum ippol pizha eedaakkaathathinaal athu vardhippikkukayum cheythu. 47 divasam neenduninna raajyadrohakkes vichaaranaykk sesham, 1977 vare nyoosilandile ettavum dairkhyameriya vicharanayaaya addeham kuttakkaaranallenn kandethiyenkilum poleesine ethirthathinu oru varshathe thadavinu sikshikkappettu.
irupathaam noottaand.
irupathaam noottaand vare eurovera jillayil kaaryamaaya europian nuzhanjukayattam nadannittilla. aadyathe motor rooad thurannukondu thoohoyude ottappedal avasaanippikkunnathinaayi 1901 ll rotoruvayil ninnu ruvaattaahunayilekk sarkkar oru rooad nirmmichu.
thangalude praadeshika sambadvyavastha vikasippikkunnathin puramlokathekkulla nalla pathakal aavasyamaanennu tuho oduvil manassilakki, prathyekichu mahaamaandyakaalathu. rooad avakaashangalkkaayi avar kurachu bhoomi sambhavana cheythu. 1906-ll thanne, tuho rodukalkkaayi bhoomi nalkukayum nirmmaanatthil sahayikkaan soujanya thozhilaallikal vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythirunnuvenkilum yoorerakalil arterial roadukal nirmmikkunnathin sarkkar munganana kuravaayirunnu. 1900 kalude thudakkathil yurerakalil svarnnathinte adayaalangal kandethukayum panam swaroopikkunnathinaayi niyamaviruddha khanana avakashangal wilkan ruwa teey kanana sramikkukayum cheythu. athe samayam thanne thante puthiya jarusaleminaayi panam swaroopikkunnathinaayi valare valia bhoomi sarkkaarin wilkan ruwa aagrahichu, ennaal praayapoorthiyaaya oro vyakthiyum oppitta oru harji undaayirunnittum, addeham niyamathil urachunilkkanamenn sarkkar nirbandhichu.
1920kalil pothumaraamathu mantriyaaya gorden kottukal oru railwake anuyojyamaayathu parisodhikkaanum roadukal charcha cheyyaanum eee pradeshathu pooyi. daaridrya ulkkadal ghoshakan" gradiantine "onnumillathathil onnu" ennu visheshippichukondu bhoomi valare kuthaneyaayirunnu. appozhekkum tuho roadinu oru sambhavanayum nalkaan visammathichathayi kottukalkku ariyamaayirunnu. parvvathapradeshangal krishiye bhayappeduthunnathaayirunnu. 1907 muthal avar neekkam cheytha bhoomi vikasippikkunnathinayi oru mooladhanavum shekharikkaan tuhoik kazhinjilla. pakaram niyamaparamaaya chelavukalkkayi avar avarude ellah aadukalum kannukaalikalum vittu. 1931 vare eee kadangal adachirunnilla.
1930kalude thudakkathil ruvaattokiyilum ruwatahunayilum tuho bhoomi vikasippikkaan sarkkar sahayichu. mahaamaandyathil pala puthumukhangaleyum pole, tuhoik dushkaramaaya samayangalundennu athu manassilakki. 1934ll oru adhyaapakan ezhuthi, "kudumba alavansukalaayum vaardhakyakaala pensionukalaayum sarkkar nalkunna panamallathe avarude pakkal panamilla". 1936leeii oru reportil moungapohaattu parvathatthile (ringathu shaktikendram) bhoopradesam vikasippikkunnath "etteduthaal oru saamoohika vijayamayirikkum" ennu paraamarshichu. palishayum mooladhanavum thirichadaykkendivannal samrambham paraajayappedumennu report choondikkaatti. 1937ll, mattu niravadhi padanangalkku sesham, rodukalilo vaasasthalangalilo nikshepikkunnathu saambathikamallennu sarkkar theerumaanichu. eee samayamaayappozhekkum otappetta moungapohaattu vaasasthalam enthaayaalum thakarnnu.
irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanavum irupathiyonnaam noottaandinte thudakkavum.
tuho janasamkhya ellaayppozhum cheruthum jeevita saahacharyangal moshavumaayirunnu. 1920kalileyum 1930kalileyum school rekhakal kaanikkunnath prathyekichu kuttikalude marananirakk valare uyarnnathaan. marichavaril 75 sathamaanavum 25 vayassinu thazheyullavaraayirunnu. maranatthinte pradhana kaaranagal influvensa, gastroentitis, typhoid panii, waving chuma thudangiya pakarchavyaadhikalaayirunnu. 1924num 1936num idayil, vishada kaalaghattatthil, 30 kudumbangalulla oru samoohathil 57 perr marichu.
1990 kalude avasaanam muthal, chila tuho "tuho raashtram" ennu thirichariyaan thudangi, koodaathe avar "pakeha" bharanam ennu vilikkunnathine vyapakamaaya tuho nirasikkalin oonnal nalki. oru toohoyo toohoyo prathinidhiyo orikkalum veythangi udambadiyil oppuvaykkaathathinaal avar orikkalum thangalude paramadhikaaram upekshichillennu vaadikkappettittundu.
tuhoy mattu praadeshika aivikalum 2002ll vaittamgi tribunalil yooravera claim konduvannu, 2005 vare samarpikkalukal sweekarichu.
2007 police raid.
chila tuho theevravaada pariseelana kyaambukal nadathiyenna avakaashavaadangalkkidayil 2007 october 15 nuu yurerakalil oru valia sayudha police raid nadannu. ruvattokikkum thanettuvaykkum idayil sayudha police rooad thadassangal earppeduthi, avar oru school buzz ulppede kadannupoya ellaavareyum tirayukayum chodyam cheyyukayum cheythu, pradeshavaasikal bhayappettathayi paranju.
theevravaada kuttangalonnum chumathiyittilla, police kammeeshanar howard broad pinneedu reydinide thante udyogastharude pravarthanangalkku parasyamaayi kshama chodikkukayum, police tuho janangal thammilulla bandham pinvalichathaayi amgeekarikkukayum cheythu "ruwatoki samoohathinu sambhavicha parikkilum sammarddathilum njangal khedikkunnu, police-mavori bandhangalkk sambhavicha naashanashtangal pariharikkan njangal uchithamaaya maargam thedum. ithupolulla sambhavangal sukhappedaan pathittaandukal edukkumennum charithram nammodu parayunnu."2013leeii ipca avalokanam kandethi...2007 october 15nuu tuho rajyath edutha police thirachilukal, vahana stoppukal, rooad blokkukal, photographukal enniva niyamavirudhavum anyaayavum yukthirahithavumaan."
veythangi settilment.
ellah tuho amgangalum amgeekarichathinu sesham 2013 juunil oru anthima othutheerppu oppuvachu. kararinu keezhil, ekadesham 170 dasalaksham dollar moolyamulla saambathika, vaanijya, saamskaarika pariharam; oru charitraparamaaya vivaranavum kireeda shamaapanavum; oru puthiya niyama sthaapanathinte sahabharanam, athaayath oru puthiya niyama sthaapanathinte sahabharanam enniva touhoic labhichu. tuho claim settilment act 2014" paasaakkiyathodeyaan ithu niyamavidheyamaayathu.
hapoo mareyum.
ngathi kaura.
vadakkan dveepaaya nyoosilandile kizhakkan ulkkadalil sthithicheyyunna oru "hapu" (upagotra) aanu ngathi kaura. rund maarekal parambaraagathamaayi ngaatti kaurayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu odenuku, teey papakinga. tuhoile niravadhi gothrathalavanmaare samskarikkunna teey tapuve enna semiteriyude sthalamaanu odenuku maare.