
madani-ikhbaal charcha

irupathonnaam noottaandile britiish indiayile islaamika pandithanmaraya hussain ahamed madaniyum mohammed ikhbaalum thammil 1930kalude avasaanathil desheeyathayekkurichulla charchayaayirunnu madani-ikhbaal charcha. indiayile musleengalude ettavum mikachathum yaadhaarthyabodhamullathumaaya bhaviyaayi saamskaarikamaayi bahuvachanavum mathetharavumaaya janaadhipathyathe sweekarikkunnathinulla islaamika niyamasaadhuthaye nirbandhikkuka ennathaayirunnu charchayiludaneelam madaniyude nilapad, athesamayam mathaparamayi nirvachikkappettathum ekeekrithavumaaya oru musleem samoohathinu ikhbaal nirbandham pidichu. madaniyum ikhbaalum eee vishayathe vilamathikkukayum oru samboornna islaamika raashtrathinte srishtiye orikkalum pinthunaykkukayum cheythilla. aadyaghattathil maathramaan avar thammil vyathyasam undaayirunnathu. madani parayunnathanusarichu, aadyapadi indiayude swaathanthryamaayirunnu, athinu samyojitha deseeyatha aavasyamaanu. ikhbaalinte abhipraayathil, aadyapadi musleem bhooripaksha rajyath musleengalude oru samudaayam srishtikkuka ennathaayirunnu.
deseeyatha enna ashayam.
mohammed ikhbaal.
paashchaathya naagarikathayekkurichulla addehathinte mothatthilulla prabhaashanatthinte bhagamaanu ikhbaalinte deseeyatha enna ashayam. ikhbaalinte abhipraayathil, janakeeya paashchaathya rashtreeya prathyayashaasthrangal musleengal amgeekarikkaruthu, avar ethra purogamanaparavum maanavikavumaanennu thonniyalum, eee rashtreeya prathyayashaasthrangal aadhunika paashchaathya naagarikathayude adisthaanaparamaayi ashudhavum mathetharavumaaya manobhaavathil veroonniyathaanu. parishkaranathinushesham padinjaaru oru prathyeka anubhavathiloodeyaanu kadannupoyathu. eee prathyayashaasthrangal nirddishta samayam, sthalam, charitraparamaaya saahacharyangal ennivayude ulppannamaanu. eee aashayangalude uthbhavavum parinaamavum muslimkal shradhaapoorvvam padikkanam. maruvashathu, musleem naagarikathaykk athintethaaya savisheshamaaya aadarshangalum darshanangalumundu. athinaal musleengal thangaleyum charithratthile avarude douthyathinte swabhaavatheyum manassilaakkunnathin avarude swantham ashayangal nirmmikkanam. paashchaathyar vikasippichedutha vibhaagangaliloode avarkk svayam yadhaarthathil manassilakkaan kazhiyilla. eee vibhaagangale andhamaayi sweekarikkunnathu muslimkalude svayam prathichaayaye valachodikkukayum adimathathinteyum koloniyalisathinteyum thudarchayaakukayum cheyyum.
desheeyathayekkurichulla thante prabandham vikasippikkunnathinayi, sarr arther keeth, loard aaktan ennivarulppede vividha paashchaathya chinthakare ikhbaal aakarshichu. sarr arther keytt deseeyatha enna ashayam vamsheeyavum gothraparavumaaya swathuangalil kendreekarikkunnu, athinaal, manushyarashi deseeya-samsthaanangalaayi vibhajikkunnath, addehathinte abhipraayathil, saitjistinethiraayinu. desheeyathayude prathyayashasthrangaludeyum deseeya-samsthaana sthaapanangaludeyum kadutha vimarshakanaayirunnu loard aaktan. deseeyathaye bhraanthanmaarude anweshanamaayi addeham prakhyaapichu. addehathinte abhipraayathil, aadhunika raashtram eakaadhipathyaparavum athinaal adichamarthunnathumaaya rajyamaanu. randaamathaayi, deseeyatha mathathe keezhadakkaan baadhyasthamaayathinaal athu catholica mathavumaayum aadhunika rashtra-samsthaanangalumaayum poruthappedunnillenna addeham karuthi.
europian charithrathekkurichum rashtreeya aadhunikathayude vikasathekkurichum ikhbalinu poornnamaaya dhaaranayundaayirunnu. rashtreeya aadunikathayil rund adisthaana anumaanangalund. onnamathaayi, rashtreeya aadunikatha mathaparavum svakaaryavumaaya edangalil ninnu swathanthramaaya oru rashtreeya idam ulkkollunnu. randaamathaayi, 'raashtram' oru adisthaana rashtreeya unitaayi nirvachikkappedunnu. udaaharanathinu, vaividyamaarnnathum vaividyamaarnnathumaaya deseeya grouppukalude saannidhyam oru raashtreeyathil swatantra sthaapanangalude vikasanathe thadassappeduthumennu joonn stuvartt mill nireekshikkunnu. maiks vebarinte abhipraayathil, parambaraagatha muslim samoohangalil eee 'rashtreeya idam' illennum athu enthukondaanu muthalaalithavum aadhunika rashtreeya sthaapanangalum muslim lokath vikasikkunnathil parajayappettathennum vishadeekarikkunnu. aadhunika rashtra-samsthaanangalude valare kendreekrithavum eakaadhipathyaparavumaaya swabhaavathekkurichu ikhbalinu samshayamundaayirunnu. athinaal deseeyathayum aadhunika rashtra-samsthaanangalum orikkalum manushyante vidhiyekkurich savisheshamaaya kazhchappadulla islaaminte athmaavumaayi poruthappedaan kazhiyillennu ikhbaal avakashappettu.
martin lutherinte neethrthwathilulla parishkarana prasthaanatthinte falamaanu europile desheeyathayenn ikbal abhipraayappedunnu. catholica sabha azhimathikkaaraanengilum europinu muzhuvan oru pothu dhaarmika shakti nalkukayaayirunnu. bodhapoorvam uddeshichittillengil, lutheran prasthaanatthinte anantharafalangalilonnu oru kendra matha adhikaariyaayi parivartthanam cheyyappetta pothu dhaarmika shakthiyude nashtamaayirunnu. vishalamaaya lutheran allengil protestant kudakkeezhil catholica sabhaykku pakaram onniladhikam pallikal prathyakshappettu, eee prathibhasam europinu vividha athiraalikalude desheeyathakalude uyarchaykku krithyamaaya vyavasthakal nalki. ruseyum voltair polulla prabudha chinthakar sabhayude sthaapanatheyum sidhaanthatheyum aakramich mathatthinte dhaarmika sakthiye kooduthal durbalapedutthi. europile desheeyathayude uyarchayude charitraparavum boudhikavumaaya pashchaathalamaayirunnu ithu. athukondaanu britteeshukaaril ninnulla swaathanthryam enna ikhbaalinte ashayam indiayile britiish bharanathinte avasaanathil maathram parimithappedutthiyittilla. paashchaathya prathyayashasthrangaludeyum rashtreeya sthaapanangaludeyum thudarchayude roopathil boudhika adimathathekkurichu addeham kooduthal aashankaakulanaanu. 1932-ll akhilenthyaa muslim konfaransil adhyakshanayulla prasamgatthil addeham vyakthamaayi prasthaavichu
ikhbaalinte abhipraayathil, oru dhaarmika sakthiyenna nilayil islaamine vyakthikalude swakaarya mekhalayilekku maathram parimithappedutthaan kazhiyilla, kaaranam ithu aadhunika desheeyathayude moolakkallaanu, ithu oduvil nireeshwaravaadatthilekku nayikkum, athinaal aadhunika deseeya samsthaanangalile pouranmaarkkidayile pothu nool avarude 'avishwaasam' aayirikkum.raashtrangalude athmeeya swabhaavam uyarthikkattiya prashastha jarmman thathwachinthakanaaya hegalinte (1770-1831) kruthikaloo rachanakalo ikbal oonnipparanju. athinaal, mathathinum vishwaasathinum maathrame oru saamoohika kramatthinu surakshithamaaya adithara nalkaan kazhiyoo ennu ikhbaal karuthunnu. deseeyatha eee aditharaye durbalappeduthunnu, ithu saamoohika jeevajaalathinum manushyarashikkum nashtamaanu. vamshathinteyum niratthinteyum desheeyathayudeyum vigrahangal thakarkkuka ennathaanu islaaminte pradhana dauthyam ennu addeham karuthunnu.
ikhbaal parayunnathanusarichu, vyakthiyum samoohavum thammilulla savisheshamaaya bandhamaan islam avatharippikkunnath. vyakthiyum samoohavum thammilulla bandhatthinte roopeekaranam eathoru saamoohika kramatthinteyum pradhana chodyangalilonnaanu. aathmaavinte rahasyangal", "niswaarthathayude rahasyangal" ennee thante rund prashasthamaaya nigooda kavithakalil eee bandham vishadeekarikkaan ikhbaal shramichu. aathmaavinte rahasyangal" ennathil, oru vyakthiyil khudiyude (unnatha aathmaav) vikasanathinulla ghattangalum vyavasthakalum charcha cheyyappedunnu, athesamayam "niswaarthathayude rahasyangal" ennathil addeham eee unnatha aathmaavinte (khudi) saadhyathakal oonnipparayunnu, athu oru vyakthi samoohathil amgamaakumbol maathrame yaadhaarthyamaakkaan kazhiyoo. athinaal, oru manushyasamoohathiloodeyo samoohathiloodeyo samoohathiloodeyo aanu oru vyakthi avarude aathmaavine poshippikkukayo prabudhamaakkukayo cheiyunnathu. ennaal saamoohika kramam thanne athmeeya aadarshangalil adhishtithamaakumbol maathrame ithu saadhyamaakoo.
eee aathmaavinte parivartthanatthinum vikasanathinum sahayikkunna oru athmeeya samoohamaayaanu ikhbaal ummaye kanakkaakkunnath. desheeyathayekkurichulla ikhbaalinte samvaadathil oru maathrukaaparamaaya maattam undaayittundennu ariyappedunnu. shahid rasheedinteyum humaira ahammadinteyum abhipraayathil
ennaal pinneedu, europil desheeyathaykk vazhiyorukkiya daarshanika kazhchappadineyum charitraparamaaya prasthaanangaleyum kurichu samagramaya padanatthinum aazhathilulla vishakalanathinum sesham ikhbaal thante kaazhchappaadukal punaparishodhichu. thante jeevithathinte pilkkaalakhattangalil ikhbaal deseeyathaye islaaminte shathruvaayi prakhyaapichu. aadyam athiraalikalaaya rashtrangalaayi vibhajikkukayum pinneedu raashtrangalude oru leag srishtikkukayum cheythukondu manushyarashi onnippikkaan kazhiyillennu addeham thante kavithakaliloodeyum gadyathiloodeyum paranju. athukondaanu addeham leag oof nationsine vimarshichath. mccay jineeva enna thante kavithayil addeham parayunnu 
pradesham, bhasha, samskaaram ennivayil allathe islaamika maathrkayilaanu ikwal deseeyathaye sthaapichathu. addeham vyakthamaayi nireekshikkunnu "bhaashayudeyo raajyathinteyo swathuathinteyo saambathika thaalpparyathinteyo aikyamalla nammude desheeyathayude adisthaana thathwam. prapanchathekkurichulla oru prathyeka veekshanathil naam vishwasikkukayum athe charitra paarambaryatthil pankedukkukayum cheiyunnathinaal naam islam pravaachakan sthaapicha samoohathile amgangalaanu."
desasnehavum deseeyathayum thammil ikhbaal verthirikkunnu. desasneham oraalude maathrraajyathodulla swaabhaavika vikaaramaakaamenkilum, deseeyatha oru nireeswaravaada, saamraajyathva lokaveekshanathil ninnu uyarnnuvarunna oru aadhunika rashtreeya prathyayashaasthramaanu. 1932-leeii akhilenthyaa muslim konfaransinte vaarshika sammelanathil ikhbaal vyakthamaayi paranju
paashchaathya saamraajyathvam kothiyeduttha oru vigrahamaayi addeham "vathaniyathu" prakhyapikkukayum oru praavachanika paarambaryatthil eee vathaniyathinu pakaram vathanodulla sneham nalkaan aagrahikkukayum cheythu. praavachanikabhashayil, vathan enna vaakkinte rashtreeya ardhathil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaan vathan.
desheeyathayekkurichulla ikhbaalinte prabhashanam aadhunikavaadikalil ninnu mathramalla, britiish bharanathinethiraaya rashtreeya pooraattatthil sajeevamaayirunna niravadhi parambaraagatha ulamakalil ninnum vyathyasthamaan. chirag alii (<aii. dii. 2>), sayyid ameer alii (<aii. dii. 1>) thudangiya aadhunikavaadikal paashchaathya rashtreeya maathruka poornnamaayum sweekarikkaan thayyarayirunnu. islaaminte aathmaav aadhunika paashchaathya rashtreeya aadarshangalumaayum gadanakalumaayum poornnamaayum poruthappedunnuvennu theliyikkaan eee pandithanmaar paadupettu.
ennirunnaalum, desheeyathayekkurichulla deobandi ulamayude prabhashanam adisthaanaparamaayi colonial bharanathinethiraaya avarude rashtreeya poraattatthilaanu veroonniyirikkunnathu. musleem indiayude rashtreeya yaadhaarthyangalodulla sameepanathil avar kooduthal praayogikamaayirunnu. eee ulamakalil ettavum pradhanappetta vyakthiyaan hussain ahamed madani. desheeyathayude ardhatheyum vyaakhyaanatheyum kurichu mohammed ikhbaalum moulaana madaniyum thammilulla vividha pothu samvaadangalo prabhaashanangalo pandithanmaarum gaveshakarum paryavekshanam cheythittundu.
oru thathwachinthakanum kaviyumaaya ikhbaal desasaalkkarikkappettathil ikhbaal manassilakkunnathil gurutharamaaya chila budhimuttukal uyarnnuvannittund. samsthaana vivaranagal ikhbaalinte rashtreeya kaazhchappaadinte sankeernathayum aazhavum amithamaayi lalithamaakki. ikhbaalinte kruthikalekkurichulla saahitya vimarshanathinte kaaryatthilum ithu sariyaanu. paakistaan charithrakaaran keey. keey. ikhbaalinte prashasthamaaya allahabad abhisambodhana indian muslimkalkku oru prathyeka janmadesham srishtikkuka ennalla ardhamaakkunnathennu vishadeekarikkaan assis paadupettu. hindu-muslim aikyathino valia lakshyathinayulla sakhyathino ikwal athirallennu ivide shradhikkendathu pradhaanamaan, ennaal atharam aikyatheyo sakhyatheyo oru samyojitha indian raashtramaayi manassilaakkaruthenn addeham oonnipparayunnu. musleengalkk hindukkalumaayi sahakarikkanum kazhiyanam, ennaal eee sahakaranm madeenayile joothanmaarumaayi mithaakh-iii-madeenayiloode musleengalude sakhyam poleyaanu. musleengal oru bhaashayo vamshamo aanu. ikbalinte deseeyatha enna ashayam adisthaanaparamaayi bhoopradeshamallaathathaanu. oru musleem rajyathinaayi oru pradeshavum ikhbaal thedunnilla. manushyacharithrathinte aavirbhaavathil avarude charitraparamaaya punk ariyendathundennu musleengalude avabodham unarthaan addeham aagrahikkunnu. addehathinte sidhaantham rashtra-samsthaana ashayathe vimarsikkunnathaanu. athiraalikalaaya raajyangalkkidayil vibhajikkapetta manushyarashi manushyarashi sambandhichidatholam oru duranthamaanu.
daivathinte aikyam manushyaraashiyude aikyathilekku nayikkunnathinaal manushyarashi onnippikkaan kazhiyunna shakti tauheed aanennu ikhbaal parayunnu. vaasthavathil, ikhbaalinte sidhaantham valare mahathaayathum saarvathrikavumaanu, ithu oru prathyeka janmanaadaaya paakkisthaante aahvaanamaayi churukkaan kazhiyilla. thante aashayangalude eee thettaaya vyaakhyaanathekkurich ikhbaal thanne bodhavaanaanennu thonnunnu. 1934ll edward joonn thompson ezhuthiya kathil ikhbaal ezhuthunnu "ningal enne" paakistaan "enna padhathiyude naayakan ennu vilikkunnu. ippol paakistaan ente padhathiyalla. indiayude vadakkupadinjaaran bhaagath muslim janasamkhyayulla oru pravisyayaaya oru musleem pravishya srishtikkuka ennathaanu njaan ente prasamgatthil nirddeshichathu. eee puthiya pravishya, ente padhathi anusarichu, nirddishta indian federationte bhagamaakum. paakistaan padhathi englandumaayi nerittu bandhapetta musleem pravishyakalude oru prathyeka federation oru prathyeka dominiyanaayi nirddeshikkunnu."
ennirunnaalum, ezz ulppede niravadhi pandithanmaar. kyu. fatimi, mansuruddin ahamed, ahamed hazandani ennivar vaadikkunnathu ikhbaal islaamika saarvatrikathayil ninnu paakistaan desheeyathayilekk maariyennaan.
hussain ahamed madani.
mohammed hassan deobandiyude sishyanaayirunna hussain ahamed madani, addehathinte swaadheenathilaanu briteeshukaarkkethiraaya rashtreeya pooraattatthil chernnathu. darul uloom deobandinte aadya vidyaarthiyaayirunnu mahmoud hassan. addehathinte abhipraayathil, devabandinte yadhaartha uddeshyam academic swabhaavam mathramalla, marichu raashtreeyamaayirunnu. britishukaar musleem bharanaadhikaarikalil ninnu india pidichadakkuka mathramalla, vadakke africa automan saamrajyavum ulppede musleem lokathinte mattu bhaagangalum kolanivalkkarikkukayum vibhajikkukayum cheythu. athinaal briteeshukaarkkethiraaya yuddham deobandi ulamayude abhipraayathil akkaalathe ettavum pradhanappetta jihadaanu. shhaa valiyullah dehlaaviyude (1703-1762) mootha makanaaya shhaa abdul assies dehlaaviyude (1746-1824) prashasthamaaya fathvayil ninnu ulamakalude eee britiish virudha manobhaavam kandethanakum. 1803ll shhaa abdul assies indiaye dhaar ull-harb (yudhasthalam) aayi prakhyaapichu. sayyid ahamed berlvi (1786-1831), shhaa ismaayil delvi (1779-1831) ennivarude tehreek-iii-mujahideen praadhamikamaayi britiish swaadheenathinu athiraayirunnu. pinneedu, 1857leeii indian kalaapathil shamley, thaana bhawan ennivayude munnanikalilum ulamakal pankedutthu. eee yudhathinte paraajayathinushesham imadadullah muhajir makki (1814-1896) makkayilekku kudiyeri. britteeshukaare ethirkkunna eee ulamakal, musleengalude bhaviyekkurichu gauravamaayi aashankaakularaayi, pinneedu 1867-ll darul uloom deoband sthaapichu. athinaal, britiish virudha ghadakam ellaayppozhum deobandi lokaveekshanathinte oru pradhana gadakamaayirunnu. parambaraagatha islaamika adisthaanathil avarude vidyaabhyaasavum swabhaavanirmmaanavum ulppede musleem yuvaakkalil swaathanthryasamarathinte vithukal vithaykkuka ennathaayirunnu ithinte uddeshyam. angane, colonial yajamananmare purathaakkaan mahmoud hassan deobandi samagramaya oru padhathi thayyarakki. eee padhathikku rund maanangalundaayirunnu. onnamathaayi, briteeshukaarkkethire ullil ninnu oru kalapam nadathendivannu, randaamathaayi, afgaanisthaanum turkey puratthu ninnu aakramikkendivarum. eee padhathi pinneedu tehreek-iii-reshmi rumal (pattunool akshara prasthaanam) ennu label cheyyappettu. niravadhi kaaranangalal padhathi vijayikkanaayilla, 1916ll mahmoud-ull-hassan madaniyum arast cheyyappedukayum maltayil thadavilaakkappedukayum cheythu. maltayil, swaathanthryasamarasenaanikalum mattu mekhalakalil ninnulla viplavakaarikalumaayum ashayangal samvadikkaanum charcha cheyyaanum avarkk avasaram labhichu. nireekshanam avarkk padikkaanum samsarikkaanum chinthikkaanum nalla avasaram nalki. 1920ll mochitharaaya sesham, eee nethaakkal ahimsayudeyum mukhyadharaa deseeya raashtreeyathile pankaalitthatthinteyum thathwangalil avarude rashtreeya poraattam sthaapichu. gaandhiyude nissahakarana prasthaanatthe mahmoud hassan pinthunachu. 1920 novemberil mahmoud hasante maranashesham madani addehathinte pingamiyaayi. 1920 muthal 1957ll marikkunnathuvare jamiyat ulama-iii-hindinte presidentaayi thudarnna madani, amartya sennil ninnu kadamedutha oru "vaadaprathivaadiyaaya indiakkaaran" ennaanu hussain ahamed madani barbara metkaaf visheshippikkunnathu. mullayudeyum aadunikathayudeyum vibhaagangalude krithrimathvavum upariplavathayum metkaaf thurannukaattunnu. mullah aadhunikathayude vipareethamaanennu karuthappedunnu. mullah yuktirahitan yaadhaasthithikanum asahishnuthayullavanumaayi sangalppikkumbol aadhunikane yuktisahavum purogamanaparavum sahishnuthayullavanumaayi mudrakuthappedunnu. avar paranju "addehathinte mathaparavum raashtreeyavumaaya chinthakal sandarbhathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla yukthiyude aazhathilulla izhaye prakadamaakkunnu, athu parambaraagatha ulamakalude savisheshathayaayi kaanaan kazhiyum, andhamaya yaadhaasthithikathaykku vipareethamaayi palappozhum avarkk avakashappettirikkunnu."yohanan friedman aijaz ahamed parayunnathanusarichu, parambaraagatha mathaparamaya ulamakal samyojitha indian deseeyathaye pinthunachappol aligad, kembridge, linkon sarvakalaashaalakalil pariseelanam nediya aadhunikavaadikal musleem vighadanavaadathe pinthunachathu musleem indiayude valia virodhaabhaasamaanu. madani parayunnathanusarichu, janmadesham pothuve deseeya swathuathinte adisthaanamaayi amgeekarikkappedunnu, oru prathyeka pradeshathu thamasikkunna ellah mathasamoohangaleyum oru kwoom allengil raashtramaayi kanakkakkunnu. indiaye sambandhichidatholam, madani parayunnathanusarichu, athinte ellah budhimuttukalum praadhamikamaayi athinte rashtreeya adimathathil ninnaan undaakunnath. athinaal, eee rashtreeya adimathathinethiraaya prathirodhamaan musleengalo hindukkalo aakatte, ellah indiakkaarum abhimukeekarikkunna yadhaartha dauthyam. rund samudaayangalum samyojitha indian raashtrathinte bhagamaanu. samyojitha indian desheeyathayiloode maathrame britteeshukaare paraajayappeduthaan kazhiyoo. madani parayunnathanusarichu, britiish saamraajyathvathinethiraaya pooraattatthil amuslimkalumaayulla sakhyathinum sahakaranatinum mithaakh-iii-madeena (madeenayile konvent) adithara paakunnu. jayilil aayirikkumbol madani thante jeevacharitram "nakhsh-iii-hayat" ezhuthi. addehathinte vyakthiparamaaya vivaranathekkaal, britiish bharanathin keezhil india engane kashtappettuvennu pusthakam vishadeekarikkunnu. yadhaartha desasnehiyaaya madani, indiayude praadhaanyavum gunangalum vivarikkukayum indian mannil musleengalkk niyamaanusrithamaaya avakaashavaadamundennum avar aaa raajyathe yadhaartha nivaasikalaanennum prasthavikkukayum cheythukondu, "hamara hindusthaan our uzz keeii fasaayil" (nammude indiayum athinte gunangalum) enna oru cherupusthakam rachikkukayum angane musleengale videsikalaayi prakhyaapicha hindutvayile theevravaada hindukkale nishedhikkukayum cheythu. athinaal, britiish saamraajyathvathinethiraaya poraattam, madaniyude kazhchappadil, oru vishudha poraattamo jihado aayirunnu, athinaal avar eee pooraattatthil amuslimkalumaayi sahakarikkanam. ekkaaryathil eathoru vighadanavaadavum britiish bharanaadhikaarikalkk maathrame gunam cheiyukayulloovennum addeham vishwasichu. akhilenthyaa muslim leaginte rashtreeya poraattangalodulla addehathinte samsayathinum ithu kaaranamaayirunnu. colonialism virudha raashtreeyathinoppam, indiayile muslimkalude prathyeka prashnangalekkurichum madanikk ariyamaayirunnu, koodaathe muslimkalude saamoohikavum aathmeeyavumaaya unnamanathinaayi addeham musleem bangaalile vidoora daridra pradeshangalilekku yaatra cheyyarundaayirunnu. barbera metkaaf parayunnathanusarichu, "addeham mathaparamaya achaarangal mathramalla, parimithamayi nirvachikkappettathum, mathramalla samrakshanam, tarkka pariharam, rashtreeya ghoshayaathrakalilum prathishedhangalilum pankaalittham ennivaykkulla achadakkavum samghadanayum padippichu."
charcha.
1938 januvari 8nuu dalhiyil nadanna oru rashtreeya yogathil, raajyangale nirvachikkunnath pradeshamaanennu madani prasthaavichu. millatt enna ashayathe bhoomiyumaayi madani bandhappettathayi pittennu urudu pathrangal prakhyaapichu.
ikwal, nalla shaareerika aarogyathilallenkilum, njettippoyi, madaniyumaayi vishayam charcha cheiyunnathinupakaram pershyan bhashayil vitriolic kavithakal rachichu. orupakshe, madaaniyumaayi koodiyaalochikkendathinte aavasyakatha addehathinu orikkalum thonniyittilla, kaaranam addeham ellaayppozhum "desheeyavaadikalaaya ulamakalude" raashtreeyathe athirthirunnu, ithu addehathinte avasana varshangalil sayyid naseer niyasi record cheytha anoupachaarika sambhaashanathilum drishyamaayirunnu. ithinartham ible madaniyumaayi vyakthamayum aazhathilum viyojippundaayirunnuve athu oru aakasmika sambhavam mathramalla viyojip srishtichathu. eee sambhavam madaniyudeyum ikhbaalinteyum ithinakam sthaapithamaaya kaazhchappaadukalkk oru theeppori nalki. musleengalkk prathyeka janmadeshavum avibhaajya indiayum venamenna aavasyam thammilulla ethirppinte velichathil iblum madaniyum thammilulla eee viyojippine kaanunnath thettidharippikkunnathu. ikhbaalinte aadarshavaada sidhaantham oru raashtrathinte roopeekaranathil 'pradesham' allengil 'bhoomi' oru gadakamaayi amgeekarikkunnilla. musleengalkkaayi 'prathyeka bhoomi' addeham sweekarikkukayaanenkil, addehathinte sidhaantham svayam virudhamaakum. athukondaanu 'pakistani deseeyatha' indian deseeyathayeyo mattethenkilum deseeyathayeyo pole manushyavargathinum apakadakaramaakunnathennu ikhbaal abhipraayappedunnu. thante sidhaanthathil addeham ellah praadeshika deseeyathaykkum ethiraanennum islaaminte uyarnna thathwangalil deseeyathaye nayippikkaan shramikkunnu. ikbal parayunnathanusarichu eee uyarnna thathwangal tauheed, reezalat ennivayaanu. hindukkalodulla vidveshathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla desheeyathayude sidhaantham ikhbaal roopappeduthiyittilla ennathaanu oru kaaryam. oru 'muslim raashtram' enna addehathinte ashayam anukoolamaanu, athu uyarnna dhaarmikavum aathmeeyavumaaya thathwangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, allathe addehathinte kaalath nilaninnirunna vargeeya munvidhikaleyum vidveshatheyum adisthaanamaakkiyullathalla. eee uyarnna thathwangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla aagola saahodaryathinte oru lokamaanu ikhbaal kaanunnath. athukondaanu oru raashtrathinte adithara enna nilayil addeham 'pradeshathinu' athiraayirunnathu, addeham madaniyude aashayangale velluvilichu. thante puthiya lokathinte oru thudakkamaayi maathramaan addeham indian muslim samoohathe thiranjedutthathu. manushyaraashiyekkurichulla thante kaazhchappaadinte saarvathrikathayum indiayile muslim samoohathinu maathram ithu prathyekamaayi prayogikkunnathum thammilulla vidavinekkurichu oru europian vimarshakan ikhbaaline vimarshichappol ikhbal marupadi nalkki 
oru saarvathrikavaadiyenna nilayil, maranathinu moonnu maasam munbu ool india radioic nalkia abhimukhathil, islaaminte saahodaryathilalla, indiayile musleem samoohathilaayirunnu ikhbaalinte praayogika shradha, addeham paranju
aneemari shimmel ikhbaalinte prabhaashanatthe "islaaminte supra-naashanalisam" ennu vilichu. desheeyathayekkurichulla madaniyude kazhchappadukalkkethire islaaminte eee supra-deseeyathaye prathirodhikkunnathum ikhbaal ezhuthiya avasana lekhanamaayirunnu.
madaniyethiraaya ikhbaalinte prakopanaparamaaya vaakyangal oru vivaadam srishtichu. madani thante ashayangal rachikkukayum avaye "samyojitha desheeyathayilum islaamilum" avatharippikkukayum cheythu. madani thante kruthiyil 'millatt', 'kwam' enniva thammil verthirichu.millatt' mathathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane 'kwam' bhasha, samskaaram, pradesham ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. madaniyude abhipraayathil, eee rund swathuangalum thammil vairudhyamilla. thante kruthiyil, vividha kaalaghattangalile arab nighandukkale udharichu 'millatt', 'kwam', 'umma' ennee padangalekkurichu addeham oru ardha vishakalanam nadathukayum eee padangalude khuraan upayogavum vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. eee grandhatthile madaniyude swaram shaanthavum gauravameriyathum yukthisahavumaan.
rund pandithanmaarum thammilulla eee vivaadam madaniyude niswaarthathayudeyum koloniyalisathinethireyum thelivaanu. thanikkethiraaya ellah vaikaarika aaropanangalum addeham avaganikkukayum thante kaazhchappaad vyakthamayum shakthamaayum vishadeekarikkukayum cheythu. multaanil ninnulla parambaraagatha muslim pandithanum ikhbaal, madani ennivayude aaraadhakanumaaya rasheed talut ikhbaal, madani ennivarkku kathezhuthukayum vivaadam pariharikkan valare vijayakaramaayi sramikkukayum cheythu. eee kathidapaadiloode, raashtrangale vamshamo mathamo allathe vathan ennu nirvachichirunna thante kaalathe maanadandatthe maathrame madani vivarichirunnulloo ennu vyakthamaayi. eee kathidapaadukalil ninnulla chila hraswa bhagangal madaniyude nilapad vyakthamaakkunnu
1938 februvari 20nuu ikhbaal rasheed taalookkinu ezhuthi "eee divasangalil raashtrangale nirvachikkunnath oottaanaanennu moulvi sahib paranjittundu. eee kaalaghattatthil pracharikkunna oru vasthuthayaan addeham prakadippikkunnathennu parayunnathiloode, paashchaathya raashtreeyathinte eee prathyayashaasthram eshyayil janapriyamayathinaal arcum ethirppundaakaan kazhiyilla. ennirunnaalum, indian muslimkal eee prathyayashaasthram amgeekarikkuka ennathaanu addehathinte lakshyamenkil, charchaykku idamundu, kaaranam eathenkilum prathyayashaasthram sweekarikkunnathinumbu, athu islaaminu anusrithamaano atho virudhamaano ennu oraal sthireekarikkanam."
madani rasheed taalookkinu marupadi nalkunnu "eee divasangalil rajyangal oottaane adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane njaan parayumbol, njaan akkaalathe maanadandatheyum maanasikaavasthayeyum paraamarshikkukayaayirunnu. athu vaarthayaanu, upadeshamalla. indiayile ellah nivaasikalum puramlokatthu indiakkaaraayi kaanappedunnundennu njaan parayukayaayirunnu. hindukkalo musleengalo sikhukaaro paazhsikalo joothanmaaro aakatte, avarellaavareyum orupole pariganikkunnu. avarellam adimakalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu...naamellaavarum indiayude swaathanthryathinaayi pravarthikkanamennu maathramaan njaan upadeshichathu...eee poraattam nirbandhamaanennu njaan karuthunnu, oraal thante kazhivinu anusrithamaayi eee pooraattatthil pankedukkanam. vamsham, niram, pradesham enniva kanakkiledukkathe musleem raajyangalude aikyathe sambandhichidatholam ithu nammude swabhaavathilaanu. ithukaaranam njaan maltayil thadavilakkappettu. aascharyakaramennu parayatte, kwom, millatt enniva onnaayi prakhyaapichittundu."
ithinushesham, ikhbaal madaniyodulla thante ethirppu pinvalikkukayum 1938 march 28 nuu "dinapathramaaya ehsan" ll prasidheekaricha oru prasthavana nadathukayum cheythu "praadeshika deseeyatha sweekarikkaan njaan muslimkale upadesichittilla" (moulaana madani). "eee vishadeekaranathinu sesham addehathodu (moulaana madani) ethirppu unnayikkaan enikku avakashamilla."
eee avasana prasthavanayil ikhbaal paranju "moulaana madaniye bahumaanikkumbol, njaan addehathinte arppanabodhamulla anuyaayikalkk pinnilalla."eee prasthaavanayiloode ikhbaal moulaana madaniyumaayulla charcha avasaanippichu. eathaanum divasangalkku sesham ikhbaal antharichu. addehathinte prasidheekarikkappedaathu kavithakal maranananthara bahumathiyayi "hijaasil ninnulla sammanam" aayi samaharikkukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. 1930kalude avasaanathe kadutha rashtreeya vibhajanathinte bhagamaayathinaal, ikhbaalinte avasana prasthaavanayude velichathil oru vishadeekaranavumillaathe "hijaasil ninnulla sammaanathil" madaniyethiraaya aaa krooramaaya vaakyam samaahaarikal ulppeduthi.
synthesis.
1940leeii lahore prameyathinu sesham musleengalkk prathyeka janmadesham venamenna aavasyam kooduthal shakthamayi. ikhbaalinte sookshumamaaya rashtreeya sidhaantham pakistan srishtikku pinnile oru thathwachinthayaayi upayogichirunnu. madaniyeyum mattu desheeyavaadikalaaya ulamakaleyum apamaanikkunnath paakkisthaante prachaaranatthinte bhaagamaayi maarukayum ikhbaalinte vaakyavum prarambha paraamarshangalum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. ikhbaalinte avasaanathe prasthavana veruthe avaganikkapettu. mathatthinte padavi verum svakaaryakaaryamenna nilayil kurachukondu, indian muslimkale oru indian raashtramaayi ulkkollanum swaamsheekarikkaanum avarude koottaaya nilanilpp nashtappedutthaanum madani upadeshikkunnillenn eee bhagangal vyakthamaakkunnu. praadeshika deseeyathaye vimarshikkunna samayat ikhbaal theevra desheeyathayude swaadheenathilaayirunnu. indiayude rashtreeya saahacharyathekkurichulla aathmaarthavum praayogikavumaaya vishakalanathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu madaniyude prabhashanam. islam pravaachakante keezhil musleengalum juthanmaarum madeenayil sakhyamundaakkiya madina (madeenayude bharanaghadana) adisthaanamaakkiyulla eee rashtreeya pooraattatthil musleengal amuslimkalumaayi sahakarikkanam. madaniyude prasthaavanayod prathikarichirunna divasangalil, indiayile hindukkaludeyum musleengaludeyum rashtreeya sakhyathinu mithaakh-iii-madeena niyamaanusrithamaaya aditharayaayirikkumennu ikhbaal thanne abhiprayappettu. ikhbaalinte aashankakal praadhamikamaayi saidhaanthikamaanu; madaniyude aashankakal adisthaanaparamaayi praayogikamaanu. paashchaathya rashtreeya sidhaanthathil niraasanaaya ikhbaal oru saidhaanthikanenna nilayil islaaminte rashtreeya sidhaantham kettippadukkaan sramikkukayaayirunnu. aadunikathayodulla islaamika prathikaranam vikasippikkunnathin eee sidhaantha nirmmaanam theerchayaayum aavasyamaanu. ennaal oru prathyeka samayavum sthalavum chumathunna gadanakalude parimithikalkkullil uchithamaaya prathikaranam aavashyappedunna umma yude pettennulla prashnangalum prashnangalum undu. charithratthil ikhbaalinteyum madaniyudeyum punk orupakshe alpam vyathyasthamayirikkum. oraal praadhamikamaayi chinthikkunna manushyanaan; matoraal adisthaanaparamaayi pravartthanamulla manushyanaan. jeevitam pravrithiyum chinthayumaanu ennathinaal orupakshe avaa randum aavasyamaanu. pakistan roopeekarichathinushesham pradeshavum vaattanum paakistaan desheeyathayude aditharayaayi maariyennum anumaanikkappedunnu. charitrakaaranaaya shareef alle mujaahidinte abhipraayathil, paakistaan roopeekarichathinushesham iruraajyangalum indian, paakistaan rashtrangalaayi mariyathinaal dviraashtra sidhaanthathinu athinte prasakthi nashtappettirunnu. virodhaabhaasamennu parayatte, ithu madaniyude desheeyathayude sidhaanthathe pinthunaykkunnu. matham oru swakaarya vishayamaayi churukkiyirikkunna itharathilulla praadeshika deseeyathaye ikhbaalinte vyavahaaravumaayi poruthappedutthuka prayaasamaan. ikhbaalinte kavithakal, rachanakal, kathukal, prasthavanakal ennivayude vishakalanam soochippikkunnathu aadaaminte puthranmarkkaayi ikhbaal mattoru lokathekkurichaanu chinthichirunnathu ennaanu. addehathinte rashtreeya sidhaanthavum aadhunika rashtra-samsthaanangalekkurichula vimarsanavum oru itharalokathekkurichulla addehathinte kaazhchappaadinte bhagamaanu. eee kaazhchappaad saakshaathkarikkunnathinaayi, indiayile musleem samoohathil addehathinu valia pratheekshakalundaayirunnu. indian muslim samooham addehathinte saarvathrika saahodaryathinte oru thudakkamaayi maarukayaan, athu ikhbaal parayunnathanusarichu islaamiloode maathrame nedaan kazhiyoo. ennaal orupakshe addehathinte daarshanika aadarshavaadavum kaavyathmaka bhavanayum indian muslimkalude parimithikalum thante kaalathe rashtreeya yaadhaarthyangalum veekshikkaan addehathe anuvadichilla. maruvashathu, sayyid ahamed berlvi (1786-1831) yude kaalam muthal indian musleengale chooshanam cheiyunnathinethire sajeeva aazhathil edapedunnathumaaya ulama paarambaryatthil pettathaan madani. thante kaalathe rashtreeya yaadhaarthyangalekkurich addehathinu vyakthamaayi ariyaamaayirunnuvenn addehathinte kruthikal eduthukaanikkunnu.

