
lucitaniyayude mungal

kaarttoonist winser makkeyude oru american nishabda animated hraswachithramaanu dhii sinking oof dhii lucitania (1918). britiish liner rms "lucitania" mungikkidakkunna 1915 ll orikkalum chithreekarikkappedaatha oru prachaarana pravarthanamaanithu. panthrand minittulla eee chithram purathirangumbozhulla ettavum dairkhyameriya aanimeshan srishtiyaayi ithine visheshippikkunnu. nilanilkkunna aadyakaala animated documentaryum gambheeravum naadakeeyavumaaya aanimeshan kruthiyumaanu eee chithram. 2017ll deseeya chalachithra registry ithu samrakshanathinaayi thiranjedutthu.
1915ll oru jarmman antarvaahini rms "lucitania" torpido upayogichu mukki; maricha 1,198 peril 128 amerikkakkarum ulppedunnu. eee sambhavam mccay prakopippichuvenkilum addehathinte thozhiludama vilyam randolf haarstinte pathrangal eee sambhavathe kurachukaanukayum, kaaranam haarst yuu. esine ethirkkukayum cheythu.ezz. onnaam lokamahaayudhathil chernnu. haarstinte pathrangalkkayi yudhavirudhavum britiish virudhavumaaya edittoriyal cartoonukal chithreekarikkaan mccay aavashyamaayirunnu. 1916-ll mccay thante thozhiludamayude nilapaadil ninnu vimathanavukayum swantham panam upayogichu swantham samayat desasnehiyaaya "lucitania mungikkalayuka" enna lakshyathode pravartthanam aarambikkukayum cheythu.
aanimeshanil makkeyude muun vijayangale pinthudarnna chithram "littil nemo" (1911), "hau eiii kothukar ooppareshans" (1912), "gerty dhii dinosar" (1914). mccay eee munkaala sinimakal rais pepparil varachu, athinte pashchaathalangal kadinamaayi kandethendivannu; puthiyathum kooduthal kaaryakshamavumaya sell saankethikavidya upayogichu nirmmicha aadyathe philim mccay aayirunnu "dhii sinking oof dhii lucitania". mccay addehathinte sahaayikalum irupathirandu maasam eee chithram nirmmikkaan chelavazhichu. addehathinte munkaala shramangaleppole vaanijyaparamaayi vijayam nedaathathinaal addehathinte thudarnnulla aanimeshan aouttputtinu thirichadikal nerittu, koodaathe edittoriyal droingukalkkaayi samayam chelavazhikkaan mccake mail sammarddam chelutthi.
sangraham.
thante purogamana sinimaykku oru maathrkayaayi "lucitania" yude oru chithram padikkunnathil mccay svayam earppedunna oru live-aakshan aamukhathodeyaanu chithram aarambhikkunnath. animated kaarttoonukalude srashtaavum kandupiduthakkaaranum" enna nilayilum chithram poortthiyaakkaan aavashyamaaya 25,000 droingukalil onnaayum mccay intertaittilukal prashamsikkunnu. lucitania mungiyathinte" aadya recordil anjjaatharaaya oru koottam sahayikalumaayi chernnu pravarthikkunnathaayi mccay kaanikkunnu.
liner staachyu oof liberty marikadannu newyork thuramukhathu ninnu purappedunnu. kurachu samayathinu sesham, oru jarmman antarvaahini vellathiloode kadannu "lucitania" yill oru torpido vedivaykkunnu, athu screenil pothinjupokunnathuvare nirmmikkunna puka uyarthunnu. yaathrakkaar thaazhekkulla life bottukalilekku oodunnu, avayil chilath aashayakkuzhappathil mungunnu. liner oru vashath ninnu mattonnilekku charinju yaathrakkaare kadalilekku eriyunnu.
randaamathe spodanam "lucitania" yeei elakkividunnu, kooduthal yaathrakkaar athinte arikukalil ninnu veezhumbol athu pathukke aazhathilekk mungukayum mrithadehangal mungimarikkanulla ramgangalkkidayil kappal mungukayum cheiyunnu. liner kaazhchayil ninnu aprathyakshamaakukayum thante kunjine thiramalakalkk mukalil nirthaan paadupedunna oru ammayumaayi chithram avasaanikkukayum cheiyunnu. oru intertaittil prakhyaapikkunnu "vediyuthirtha aale kaisar athinu vendi alankarichu! "ennittum avar njangalodu parayunnu vettakkaare verukkaruthennu". "
pashchaathalam.
jeevithathinte aadyakaalam muthal thanne winser mccay (-1934) athishayakaramaamvidham vishadamaayathum krithyavumaaya droingukal nirmmichu. daim myoosiyangalil chhaayaachithrangalum posttarukalum varaykkunna oru cheruppakkaaranaayi addeham upajeevanamaargam nedukayum parasyamaayi vegathil varaykkaanulla kazhivu kondu valia janakkoottathe aakarshikkukayum cheythu. 1898ll oru pathra chithrakaaranaayi muzhuvan samaya jolicheyyan thudangiya addeham 1903ll comic strippukal varaykkaan thudangi. 1905ll addeham aarambhicha kuttikalude faantasi comic strippaya "littil nemo inn slumberland" aayirunnu addehathinte ettavum valia comic strip vijayam. 1906ll makke vodevil sarcutil avatharippikkan thudangi, chokku prabhashanangal nadatthi-thalsamaya prekshakarkku munnil addeham varacha prakadanangal.
makan veettilekku konduvanna flip bukkukalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondaanu thante kaarttoonukalude "chalikkunna chithrangal nirmmikkanulla saadhyatha kaanaan" vannathennu mccay paranju. addehathinte aadyathe animated chithramaaya "littil nemo" (1911) arrie kadalaasil naalayiram droingukal ulkkollunnu. addehathinte adutha chithramaaya "hau eiii kothukar ooppareshans" (1912), swaabhaavikamaayi oru bheeman kothukine urangunna manushyanil ninnu athu pottunnathuvare raktham valikkunnathayi kaanikkunnu. ithinethudarnnu mccay thante voudevil shokalude samvedanaathmaka bhaagamaayi marria oru chithravum puratthirangi "gerty dhii dinosar" (1914) enna chithratthil mccay thante animated dinosarinu vediyil oru vipp nalki.
1906ll britiish liner rms "lucitania" poortthiyaayappol ettavum valia passenture kappal enna record hrasvamaayi kaivasham vachirunnu. mccay athinodu oru abhinivesham prakadippikkukayum 1907 septambar 28nuu thante comic strip "dream oof dhaa rairbit find" enna episodil avatharippikkukayum veendum 1908 november 10nuu "misttar boonian oru theerthaadakante purogathi" enna episodil "record thakartha rakshasa boat" ennu boonian prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmmankaar vadakkan atlaantik samudrathil antharvaahinikal upayogichu, 1915 eprilil jarmman sarkkar britiish sivilian kappalukale lakshyamidumennu munnariyipp nalki. 1915 meyy 7 nuu newyorkkil ninnulla oru yaathraykkide "lucitania" torpido cheyyappettu; jeevan nashtappetta 1,198 peril 128 amerikkakkarum ulppedunnu. makkeyude thozhiludama vilyam randolf haarstinte udamasthathayilulla pathrangal eee duranthatthe kurachukaanukayum haarst yuu. esine ethirkkukayum cheythu.ezz. yudhathil praveshikkunnu. lucitania" yude anantharafalamaayi addehathinte swantham pathrangalude vaayanakkar kooduthal kooduthal yudhathinu anukoolamaayirunnu. mccay angane thanneyaayirunnu, pakshe edittar arther brisbane yudhavirudhavum britiish virudhavumaaya edittoriyalukal chithreekarikkendathundu. 1916-ll, mccay thante thozhiludamayude nilapaadil ninnu kalapam nadathukayum yudhathinu anukoolamaaya "lucitania mungaan" swantham kaalath aarambikkukayum cheythu.
mungimarichathinte foto orikkalum eduthittilla. lucitania" yekkurichulla pashchaathala vishadaamshangal haarstinte berlin correspondent august eph. ll ninnu shekharichathaayi mccay paranju. duranthasamayathu landanilundaayirunna beach sambhavasthalathethiya aadya reporteraayirunnu. gambheeravum naadakeeyavumaaya oru aanimeshan srishtiyude aadya sramamaayirunnu eee chithram.
ulppaadana charithram.
"lucitania mungikkalayunnath" poortthiyaakkaan irupathirandu maasamedutthu. shoottinginaayi cellukal sariyaaya kramatthil adukkaan shradhicha sinsinnaatti kaarttoonist vilyam aptorp "epi" aadamsil ninnum ayalkkaranaaya kalaakaaran joonn fitsimmansil ninnum mccake sahayam labhichu. mccayude droingukalkku mukaliloode saikkil cheyyaan kazhiyunna pathinaar frameukal, tharamgangalude oru shreniyude utharavaaditham fitsimmansinaayirunnu. vilyam randolf haarstinte pathrangalkk pakal samayat mccay chithreekaranangal nalkukayum chithrathinaayi cellukal varaykkukayum veettil thanne samayam chelavazhikkukayum cheythu, athu foto edukkaan addeham vitrag studiyokalilekku kondupoyi.
makkeyude pravartthana reethikal kadinamaayirunnu. jerty dhii dinosar" enna peril oru asisttant aayirakkanakkin thavana pashchaathalangal kadinamaayi kandethukayum thirichariyaan sramikkukayum cheythu. animated sinimakalude vardhichuvarunna aavasyam niravettunnathinaayi athiraalikalaaya aanimettarmaar jolibharam kuraykkaanum nirmmaana vegatha kuraykkaanum niravadhi reethikal vikasippichu. nemo" puratthirangi eathaanum varshangalkkullil, aanimeshan studiyokalil american eal hardinte sell saankethikavidya upayogikkunnathum, kaanadayile raul baareyude rajistreshan pegukalumaayi samyojippichu, foto edukkumbol cellukal vinyasikkaan upayogikkunnathu saarvathrikamaaya oru sambradaayamaayi maari. 1914-ll hurd sell reethikk pettant nediyirunnu; onno athiladhikamo paalikalil dynamic droingukal varaykkaan anuvadichukondu ithu jolie samrakshichu, avaa oru staatik pashchaathala paaliyil sthaapikkaan kazhiyum, ithu droingin sesham staatik emejukal droinglake thirichedukkunna tediyathinte aanimettarukale aashwasippikkunnu. lucitania mungunnath" ennathil ninnu aarambhich mccay sell reethi sweekarichu.
thante ellah sinimakalileyum pole, mccay thanne "lucitania" kku dhanasahayam nalki. cellukal oru adhika chelavaayirunnuvenkilum makkeyude muun reethikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi aavashyamaaya droinginte alavu valareyadhikam kuranju. upayogicha cellukal pinneedu vyavasaya nilavaaramaayi maariyathinekkaal kattiyullavayayirunnu, koodaathe pensil, vaash, krayoon, mashi lineukal enniva pidikkaan kazhiyunna oru "pallu" allengil parukkan uparithalam undaayirunnu. renderinginte alavu cellukal buckle cheyyaan kaaranamaayi, ithu photographynaayi avaye vinyasikkunnath budhimuttaakki; fitsimmanukal parishkaricha ayanja-elakalude binder upayogichu eee prashnam pariharichu.
ettu second dairkhyamulla sinima nirmmikkaan ekadesham ettu aazhchayeduthathaayi mccay paranju. avakashappetta 25,000 droingukal 900 adii philim nirachu. "1918 juulai 19 nuu pakarppavakaashatthinaayi rajisttar cheytha "lucitania", akkaalathe oru reel chithrathinu nalkia ettavum uyarnna vilaykk vaangiyathayi report cheyyappetta jewellery productions puratthirakki. ithu oru saarvathrika studiyo vaarika nyoos reelinte bhaagamaayi ulppeduthukayum saarvathrika inn-house prasidheekaranamaaya "dhii moving picture weakley" yude oru lakkathinte puramchattayil avatharippikkukayum cheythu. 1919 meyy maasathil englandil athinte aadya pradarshanam nadannu. parasyangal ithine "manushyarashi njetticha kuttakrithyathekkurichu lokathile eaka record" ennu visheshippichu.
shaili.
edittoriyal cartooning saankethikavidyakale live-aakshan polulla seekwansukalumaayi aanimeshan samyojippikkunnu, ithu makkeyude ettavum yaadhaarthyabodhamulla sramamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu; chithram sambhavathinte "charitraparamaaya record" aanennu intertaittils oonnipparanju. aanimeshan charitrakaaranaaya donald kraafttan "realistic graphik stail" ennu visheshippikkunnathil mccay eee aakshan aanimettucheythu. irunda maanasikaavasthayum sakthamaaya prachaarana manobhaavavumaan chithrathilullathu. kuttikal mungimarikkunnathum yaathrakkaarude manushya changalakal chaadunnathum polulla yaathrakkaarude bhayanakamaaya bhagyam ithu chithreekarikkunnu. kalaasrishti valare vishadamaayathum aanimeshan draavakavum prakrithidathavumaanu. oru nyoos reeline anukarikkaan mccay marimari shottukal upayogichu, ithu sinimayude yaadhaarthyabodhathe shakthippeduthi.
uparithalathinu thaazhe olinjirikkunna antharvaahinikalude uthkandayundaakkunna shottukalilum mungimaricha shareerangalil svayam ulkkollunna aakaashathinteyum kadalinteyum velutha sheettukalude amoorthamaaya staililum pole "charitraparamaaya recordil" vikaaram cherkkaan mccay stailistik thiranjeduppukal nadatthi. aanimeshan charitrakaaranaaya pooll wells, chithram purathirangunnathinu munbulla varshangalil pracharikkaan thudangiya psychological projection allengil aamukham, froidian ashayangal ennivayiloode frameukalile negatteevu space kaazhchakkaare uthkandayaal nirachathaayi abhiprayappettu. oru pathrapravartthakan enna nilayil, froyidinte vyaapakamaayi report cheyyappetta kruthikalekkurichu mccake ariyaamaayirunnuvenn pandithanaaya alrichu mercle abhipraayappedunnu, ennirunnaalum mccay orikkalum atharam swaadheenam parasyamaayi amgeekarichittilla.
sweekaranavum paarambaryavum.
"lucitania mungunnath" yuddha prachaaranatthinte oru kruthiyaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, palappozhum akkaalathe ettavum dairkhyameriya aanimeshan kruthi ennu vilikkappedunnu. eee chithram orupakshe aadyakaala animated dokyumentariyaanu. makkeyude jeevacharitrakaaranum aanimettarumaaya joonn canamaker "dhii sinking oof dhii lucitania" ennu animated sinimayude charithratthile oru smaaraka kruthi ennu visheshippichu. addehathinte aanimeshan samakaalikar ithine prashamsichenkilum, makkeyude kazhivukal akkaalathe aanimettarmaarkku pinthudaraan kazhiyunnathilum appuramayathinaal ithu "akkaalathe chalachithra kaarttoonukalil viplavam srishtichilla" ennu kanimekkar ezhuthi. thudarnnulla kaalaghattatthil, aanimeshan studiyokal idaykkide noonn-fiction sinimakal nirmmichu, ennaal mikathum ezhu minittil koodaattha komadi shorttukalaayirunnu. aanimeshan pradhana aakarshanamennathilupari feature philimukale pinthunaykkunna punk thudarnnu, apoorvvamaayi maathrame avalokanangal labhichulloo. "lucitania" oru vaanijya vijayamaayirunnilla; theaterukalil eathaanum varshangalkk sesham, "lucitania" ekadesham 80,000 dollar konduvannu. mccay kuranjathu ezhu sinimakalenkilum nirmmichu, avayil moonnennam maathramaan vaanijyaparamaaya release kandathennu ariyappedunnu.
1921 nuu sesham, haarst padicha mccay thante samayathinte bhooribhaagavum pathra chithreekaranangalekkaal aanimeshanilaanu neekkivachathu, haarst aanimeshan upekshikkaan mccay aavasyappettu. jungle imps" ezhuthukaaranaaya jorjju randolf chesttarumaayi sahakarichu "dhaa barnyard baand" enna sangeetha chithram, onnaam lokamahaayudhathil amerikkakkaarude pankinekkurichulla oru chithram ennivayulppede orikkalum falikkaattha niravadhi aanimeshan projaktukalkkaayi addehathinu padhathikalundaayirunnu. jeevithathinte pilkkaalakhattatthil, aanimeshan vyavasaayathe oru kalayayi vibhavanam cheythirunnathinaal athu oru vyaapaaramaayi maariyathil addeham chila samayangalil parasyamaayi athrupthi prakadippikkukayum cheythu. 1930kalil disneyude feature philimukal vare aanimeshan vyavasaayam makkeyude saankethikavidyayude nilavaaratthil athiyirunnilla ennu kanimekkar parayunnu.
aanimeshan charitrakaaranaaya pooll wells "lucitania" yeei "animated sinimayude vikasanathile oru supradhana nimisham" ennu visheshippichu, athinte documentary sailiyum prachaarana gadakangalum samyojippichathinaal, ithu aanimeshante oru udaaharanamaayi aadhunikathayude oru roopamaayi kanakkakki. steevu bottomore eee chithrathe "duranthatthinte ettavum pradhanappetta sinima pathipp" ennu visheshippichu. sinima" yile oru avalokanam chithrathe prashamsichu, prathyekichu aadyathe torpido pottitherikkunna rangam, athine "yaadhaarthyathekkaal kooduthal" ennu vilichu. 2017ll deseeya chalachithra registry eee chithram samrakshanathinaayi thiranjedutthu.

