
helen bii. tousig

baltimorilum bosttanilum jolie cheythirunna oru american cardiologistaayirunnu helen brook tousig (meyy 24,1898-meyy 20,1986). tetralogy oof fallot (blue bebi syndrominte ettavum saadhaaranamaaya kaaranam) ulla kuttikalude ayuss vardhippikkunna oru nadapadikramatthinulla ashayam vikasippicheduthathint bahumati avarkkaan. blacock-thomas-tousig shund ennariyappedunna oru prakriyayayi eee ashayam praayogikamaayi prayogichu. johns hopkins aashupathriyile tousiginte sahapravarthakaraayirunna alfred blalock vivian thomas chernnaanu eee prakriya vikasippichath.
kuttikkaalathu chevi anubaadhayethudarnnu tousig bhaagikamaayi badhiranaayirunnu; praayapoorthiyaayappol ithu poornna badhirathayilekku neengi. kelvikkuravu nikathunnathinaayi, rogikalumaayi samsarikkaan lip reeding teknikkukalum kelvi upakaranangalum upayogikkaan avar padichu. avarude hridayamidippinte thaalam anubhavikkan stethascopinu pakaram viralukal upayogikkunna oru reethiyum tousing vikasippichu. shabdathiloode allah, sparshanathiloode hridayasambandhamaaya prasnangal kandethanulla avarude kazhivaanu avarude chila puthumakalkk kaaranam.
thalidomide nirodhikkunnathile pravartthanatthinum ariyappedunna tousig valare vaidagdhyamulla oru doktaraayi parakke amgeekarikkappettu. american hart associationte thalavayayi thiranjedukkappetta aadya vanithayaayirunnu avar. amayude thalavanayi thiranjedukkappetta aadyathe pediatrician enna vasthuthayil avar kooduthal abhimaanikkukayum 1964 ll avarkk presidential medel oof freedam labikkukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1898 meyy 24 nuu masaachyusetsile cambridgil eph. helen brook tousig janichu. dablyu. naalu makkalil ilayavanaaya tousig, edith thomas gild ennivar. avalude pithaav harward sarvakalaashaalayile saambathika shaasthranjanaayirunnu, avalude amma vanita kolejaaya radcliffe kolejile aadya vidyaarthikalil oraalaayirunnu.
kuttikkaalathu avar masaachyusetsile kottyoottil venalkkaalam chelavazhichu, pinneedu jeevithathil avide oru veedu undaayirunnu.
tousiginu 11 vayassullappol avalude amma kshayarogam baadhichu marichu. helen rogam pidipedukayum varshangalolam rogabadhithayaavukayum school jolikal cheyyaanulla avalude kazhivine saaramaayi baadikkukayum cheythu. school jeevithathinte aadyakaalangalil avar kadutha dislexiayumaayi mallidukayum bhaagikamaayi badhirayaavukayum cheythu. ithokkeyaanengilum, adhwaanathodeyulla joliyum pithaavil ninnulla vipulamaaya pariseelanavum kaaranam avar schoolil nannayi cheythu.
1917ll penkuttikalkaayulla kembridge schoolil ninnu birudam nediya avar pinneedu radcliffe collegil rund varsham padikkukayum 1921ll berkleyile california sarvakalashaalayil ninnu baachilezhs birudavum phai beetta kappa amgathvavum nedukayum cheythu.
birudam nediya sesham, tousig harward medical schoolil padikkaan aagrahichu, pakshe medical prograam sthreekale sweekarichilla (1945 vare ithu anganeyaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum aadyathe sthree ekadesham 100 varsham munbu, 1847 ll apekshichirunnu). eee paripadi yadhaarthathil sthreekale sidhaanthathil sweekarichirunnuvenkilum avarkk birudam nalkiyilla. medical school deane tousiginode ithu paranjappol, birudam labikkumenna pratheekshayillathe aarenkilum pankedukkaan aagrahikkunnath enthukondaanennu avar chodichappol deane marupadi nalki, "athaanu njangal pratheekshikkunnath."sharee, ningale aadyam niraashappeduthunnathu njaanayirikkilla" ennu tousig marupadi nalki, pinne pooyi. pakaram pothujanaarogya padanathinaayi apekshikkunnathinekkur avar chinthichu, kaaranam ithu sthreekalkku kooduthal anuyojyamaaya mekhalayaanennu avalude pithaav karuthiyirunnuvenkilum oru sthriyenna nilayil avalkk paripaadiyil pankedukkaamenkilum birudam nalkillennu avar manassilakki. naalu varsham padikkaanum aaa jolikkonnum birudam labhikkathirikkaanum agrahikkunnavar aaraan?" ennu denode chodichathaayi avar pinneedu report cheythu."," aarum illa, njaan prathekshikkunnu "ennu addeham marupadi nalki."
birudam labhikkumenn pratheekshikkathe thanne tousig boosttan sarvakalashaalayil histolaji, bacteriology, anatomy ennivayil klaasukal eduthu. prabhaashana theaterukalude pinnil avarkk avarude purusha sahapravarthakaril ninnu akannu irikkendivannu, avarodu samsaarikkendathilla. 1925-ll boosttan sarvakalaashaalayile anatomy vidyaarthiyenna nilayil, alexander begginoppam ooks hart peshikalekkurichulla padanangalekkurichulla thante aadya shaasthreeya prabandham avar prasidheekarichu. professor alexander beginte prothsaahanathode, tousig akkaalat sthreekale praveshippicha churukkam chila medical skoolukalilonnaaya johns hopkins yooniversitti school oof medisinil marran apekshikkukayum oru phul digri sthaanaarthiyaayi amgeekarikkappedukayum cheythu. 1927ll johns hopkinsil ninnu emm. dii birudam poortthiyaakkiya sesham tousig oru varsham cardiology fello aayum rund varsham pediatrics inten aayum thudarnnu, koodaathe rund archibald pheloshippukal labhichu, athil aidi1> undaayirunnu. tousig intenal medisinil specialise cheyyaan aagrahichu, pakshe aaa mekhalayil oru sthreek oru sthaanam maathrame labhyamaayirunnulloo, athu ithinakam eduthirunnu; athinaal pediatricsil specialise cheyyaan avar theerumaanichu, pediatric cardiologyil jolie cheythu, athu ippozhum shaishavaavasthayilaayirunnu.
blacock-thomas-tousig shund.
ashayam.
johns hopkinsile pediatric cardiologyil tousiginte aadyakaala kariyaril janmana hridaya vaikalyangalum roomattik paniyum ulla kunjungale padikkuka, bacteria anubaadhayude falamaayundaakunna hridayathinteyum mattu avayavangaludeyum veekkam, akkaalat shishumaranathinte pradhana uravidamaayirunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, klinikkal cardiology jolikalil bhooribhaagavum roomattik hrudrogamaayirunnu janmana hridaya vaikalyangal thiruthaan sasthrakriya marggangal valare avikasithamayathinaal eee avasthakalulla rogikalude neratheyulla maranangal thadayaan thaarathamyena kurachu maathrame cheyyaan kazhiyoo ennathinaal avaye pratheekshayillaatha kauthukangalaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu.
pinneedu haariyat leyne homaaya johns hoppinsinte pediatric department avale athinte medaaviyaayi niyamichu, avide avar 1930 muthal 1963 vare sevanamanushtichu. tousig fluoroscopy oru diagnostic upakaranamaayi upayogikkukayum sionosis (neela niratthilulla roopam) ulla sisukkalil oru prathyeka thaalparyam valarthiyedukkukayum cheythu, palappozhum faalottinte hridaya vaikalya tetrology moolamaanu ithu sambhavikkunnath. shareerathiludaneelam aparyapthamaaya ooksijan adangiya raktham ozhukumbozhaanu sionosis undaakunnath; sisukkalil ithu "blue bebi syndrome" ennu ariyappedaam. eee avasthaykku oru sasthrakriya chikitsa vikasippichedukkul avar vahicha pankinaalaanu tousig ettavum kooduthal ormmikkappedunnathu, blacock-thomas-tousig shund.
1939ll roobert gross aadyamaayi nadatthiya oru puthiya sasthrakriya oru saadhaarana pediatric hridaya prashnam shariyakkia pettant ductus arteriosus. pulmonary artariye garbhasthashishuvinte iortayumaayi bandhippikkunna oru cheria rakthakkuzhalaan ductus arteriosus. draavakam nirachathum ithuvare pravarthanarahithavumaaya swantham shwaasakoshathiloodeyalla, ammayude marupillayiloodeyaanu garbhasthasishuvinu ooksijan labhikkunnath ennathinaal, eee paathram shwaasakoshathe marikadannu garbhasthashishuvinte sareerathinu chuttum kooduthal kaaryakshamamaayi ooksijan adangiya raktham vitharanam cheyyaan anuvadikkunna oru kurukkuvazhi nalkunnu. mikka shishukkalilum, janichu eathaanum aazhchakalkkullil ductus arteriosus adayunnu, angane raktham shwaasakoshathilekku ooksijan labhikkaan ozhukunnu; athu thurannirikkukayo 'pettant' aayi thudarukayo cheythaal, rakthathinte saadhaarana ozhukk thadassappedunnu. eee puthiya sasthrakriya krithrimamaayi rakthakuzhal adachu.
ithu nadakkumbol, tetralogy oof fallot allengil pulmonary attresia polulla sionotic hridaya vaikalyangalulla sisukkalkku pettant ductus arteriosus undengil avarkk gurutharamaaya lakshanagal kuravum kooduthal kaalam athijeevanavum undengil avar palappozhum shradheyamaayi mikacha prakadanam kaazhchavaykkunnuvennu tousig nireekshichu. pothuve, sayanotik lakshanagal palappozhum jananathinu thottupinnaale aarambhikkukayo vashalaakukayo cheyyum, ithu ductus aartteeriyosasinte swaabhaavika adachupoottal moolamaanennu thousig samshayikkunna oru maattamaan. sayanatik kuttikalil, hridayathil ninnu shwaasakosha dhamani vazhi shwaasakoshathilekkulla rakthayottam palappozhum thadassappedunnu; eee rund naalangaleyum bandhippikkunna oru krithrima ductus shasthrakriyayiloode srishtikkunnathu shwaasakoshathilekkulla rakthayottam vardhippikkukayum eee prashnam laghookarikkukayum athijeevanam vardhippikkukayum cheiyumennu tousig karuthi. aval eee ashayam roobert grossinode paranju, avan samshayaaluvaayirunnu, "enikku ductus arteriosus adaykkaan mathiyaya budhimuttundennu" avalodu paranju. oru krithrimam nirmmikkaan njaan theerchayaayum agrahikkunnilla."
aadyathe sasthrakriya.
rund varshathinu sesham, johns hopkinsinte puthiya sarjari medhavi alfred blaalokkinteyum laborattari asisttant vivian thomasinteyum sahakaranm tousiginu labhichu. moovarum ippol blalock-thomas-tousig shund ennariyappedunna oru sasthrakriya vikasippichu. thudakkathil, ithine blacock-tousig shund ennu vilichirunnu vivian thomasinte nirnaayaka inputt addehathinte academic ithara punk kondum vamshaparaajayangal kondum avaganikkapettu.
200 oolam naaykkalil nadatthiya vipulamaaya pareekshanathetthudarnnu, 1944 november 9 nuu blalock thomas aadyathe manushya rogiyude sasthrakriya nadatthi. 15 maasam praayamulla elean saaksan enna kunju aaa maasam aadyam emarjansi departmentil athiyirunnu, verum 5 kilogram bhaarathil gurutharamaayi kuravaayirunnu, neela niratthil manjaniramullathum shwaasammuttaathe oru kuppi polum kudikkaan kazhiyaathevarunnathumaayirunnu. tousig avale tetralogy oof fallot ennu kandethi, eee roganirnayam ardhamaakkunnathu edapedal illaathe avalkk praayapoorthiyaakunnathuvar athijeevikkaan kazhiyilla ennaanu. eee nadapadikramam udanadi vijayakaramaayirunnu eleeninte niram vegathil saadhaarana nilayilekku madangukayum avalkk kooduthal eluppathil paal kudikkanum kurachu kilogram vardhippikkaanum kazhiyukayum cheythu. sasthrakriya kazhinju rund maasathinu sesham avar ashupathriyil ninnu discharge cheyyappettu. ennirunnaalum, kurachu maasangalkk sesham aval veendum sayanatik aakukayum avalude randaam janmadinathinu thottumunbu marikkukayum cheythu. elean marichenkilum, sionotic hrudrogamulla kuttikalude ayuss vardhippikkaan blacock-thomas-tousig shund thathwathil upayogikkaamennathinte thelivaanu eee sasthrakriya.
1945 aayappozhekkum pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary attresia ennivayulla moonnu sisukkalil eee sasthrakriya nadathiyirunnu. alfred blalock helen tousigum "jenal oof dhii american medical associationil" ezhuthiyathupole, pulmonary stenosisinum pulmonary attressiaykkum ithuvare thripthikaramaaya chikitsa labhichitilla. vikruthamaaya hridayamulla oru "neela" kunjine shasthrakriyayude paridhikkappuramullathayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. kazhinja moonnu maasathinide njangal kadinamaaya pulmonary stenosis ulla 3 kuttikale sasthrakriya cheythu, oro rogikkum valareyadhikam prayojanam labhichathayi thonnunnu. aazhathilulla sthiramaaya sionosis undaayirunna randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum kesukalil, sionosis valareyadhikam kurayukayo aprathyakshamaakukayo cheyyukayum rogikalude pothuvaaya avastha aanupaathikamaayi mechappedukayum cheiyunnu."eee reportinethudarnnu, europilum amerikkayilum nadanna konfaransukalil blalock tousigum nalkia prabhaashanangalkk sesham, eee nadapadikramam vegathil lokamembaadum sveekaaryatha nedi.
paarambaryamaayi.
eee sasthrakriya anthaaraashtra prashasthi nediyathode, lokamembaadumulla maathaapithaakkal avarude "neela kunjungale" blalock tousigum chikilsikkaan baltimorilekku varaan thudangi. varaanirikkunna rogikalude druthagathiyilulla varavu valare valuthayirunnathinaal clinic kaikaaryam cheyyaan paadupedukayum lokamembaadumulla medical sandarshakar sahayikkaanum arivu pankidaanum athukayum cheythu. 1951 aayappozhekkum samgham aayirathiladikam kuttikale shasthrakriyaykk vidheyaraakkukayum shasthrakriyayil marananirakk 5 sathamaanam mathramaayirunnu.
eee shasthrakriyayude pradhana nettangalilonnu, sionotic hridaya vaikalyangal moolam undaakunna druthagathiyilulla ksheenavum idaykkide bodhakshaamavum koodaathe kuttikal sajeevamaayi kalikkaanulla kazhivu nedi ennathaanu. helen tousig thante maantelpeesil panthrand vayassulla jeane-piyari cablanil ninnulla oru kathu sookshichathaayi reportund, ithu nadapadikramatthinu vidheyamaayathin sesham ezhuthi "njaan svayam paripaalikkunnu... njaan ningalude suhruthukkalaanu."(" "njaan ippol poornnamaayum puthiya kuttiyaanu"... enikku mattu kuttikalodoppam kalikkaan kazhiyum ".") palappozhum, sayanosisinte alavil udanadi purogathiyum kaanaan kazhiyum. tousig pinneedu oormmippichu, "aadyathe rogi sasthrakriya muriyil neelayil ninnu pink niratthilekku maarunnath kaanunnath pole santhosham mattonnum nalkillennu njaan karuthunnu... thilangunna pink kavilukalum thilangunna chundukalum."
innu, blacock-thomas-tousig shund ayuss vardhippikkunnathinum hridaya vaikalyangal krithyamaayi pariharikkunnathinumbu shishukkalude aarogyam mechappeduthunnathinum upayogapradamaanu, saadhaaranayaayi three-steppu norwood nadapadikramatthinte aadya ghattamayi. kooduthal sankeernamaaya shasthrakriyakalkk sesham sramikkunnathinu munbu shishukkale athijeevikkaanum sareerabhaaram vardhippikkaanum ithu anuvadikkunnu, koodaathe fallot, pulmonary attresia, kooduthal apoorvavum sankeernavumaaya asaadhaaranathakal ennivayude tetrology ulla rogikalude paricharanatthil ithu upayogikkunnu.
tousiginte maranasamayathu pathinaayirakkanakkin kuttikalude jeevan shund nadapadikramatthiloode rakshikkapettu.
kooduthal currier.
oru doctor enna nilayil, oru kunjinte hridayathileyum shwaasakoshathileyum mattangal kuranja aakramanathmaka reethiyil parisodhikkaan oresamayam ex-reyum fluoroscopy upayogikkunnathinu tousig thudakkamittu, koodaathe stethascope upayogichu kelkkunnathinekkaal avalude viralthumbukal upayogichu hridayamidippu anubhavappedunnathiloode hridayathinte avastha nirnnayikkunnathil valare vaidagdhyamundaayirunnu.
oru pediatrician enna nilayilulla avalude dainamdina klinikkal jolikoppam, tousig oru vidagdha academic clinisian koodiyaayirunnu. biomedical daarmikathayum hrudrogathinte parinaama uthbhavavum ulppede cardiology vividha vashangal pariganichu avar thante kariyaril 100 academic lekhanangal prasidheekarichu. shund sweekarikkunnavarude deerghakaala phalangalekkurichulla gaveshanathil, praayapoorthiyaayavarilekkum madhyavayassilekkum valarunnathinanusarichu tousig thante pala rogikalumaayum sanbarkkam pulartthi.
1947-ll, oru pathittaand neenduninna vivarangal shekharichathinushesham, oru swatantra mekhala enna nilayil pediatric cardiology adisthaana paatamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna "hridayathinte janmana vaikalyangal" enna thante mahathaaya kruthi tousig prasidheekarichu. 1960ll prasidheekaricha randaam pathippinaayi eee pusthakam rund vaalyangalayi vipuleekarichu.
tousig pinneedu johns hopkins school oof medisinil associate professoraayi; 1959-ll phul professoraayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. aaa samayat, sarvakalashaalayil phul professor padavi nedunna randaamathe vanitha mathramaayirunnu avar. 1963ll viramikkunnathuvare avar haariyat leyne hoome (johns hopkinsile kuttikalude chikitsa, gaveshana kendram) director thudarnnu. akkaalat mikka pediatric klinikkukalum shisu maranatthinte pradhana uravidamaaya roomattik paniyil shradha kendreekarichu, ennaal tousiginte anubhavam kaaranam, janmana hrudrogamulla kuttikalkk specialist paricharanam nalkaanum haariyat leyne hominu kazhinju. sarjanmaraakaan aagrahikkunna loka munnira kendramaayi ithu maari.
cardiologist richard binginoppam 1949ll tousig-bing syndrome ennariyappedunna hridayasambandhamaaya avasthayekkurichu aadyamaayi vivarichathu tousigaanu. hridayathinte idathu ventricle ninnu ooksijan adangiya raktham vahikkunna apoorva janmana undaakunna hridaya avasthakalude oru koottamaaya double-outlettu raitt ventrikkilinte (dorve) randaamathe ettavum saadhaaranamaaya tharamaanith, pakaram ithu valath ventrikkilumaayi bandhippikkukayum shareerathilekku ooksijan kuranja raktham nalkukayum cheiyunnu. eee prashnam aadyamaayi vivarichathinusesham pathittaandukalaayi eee vaikalyam shasthrakriyayiloode sariyaakkunnathinulla niravadhi badal reethikal pareekshichittundu, koodaathe shasthrakriyayethudarnnu athijeevana nirakk sameepa dashakangalil valareyadhikam mechappettittund.
thalidomide nirodhikkuka.
1960 oode, jarmmani, beljiyam, netherlands ennividangalil pathivilum kooduthal kunjungal phocomeliayumaayi janikkaan thudangi, munbu valare apoorvamaaya avasthayil kaikaalukal illaathirikkukayo cheruthum asaadhaaranamaayi roopappedukayum cheythu. jarmman pediatrician vidukind lense aanu eee avasthayude vardhichuvarunna aavruthiyumaayum sophttenon enna vyaapaaranaamamulla akkaalat janapriyamaaya urakka marunnaayirunna thalidomydeumaayum aadyamaayi oru link varachathu, ithu palappozhum prabhatha rogathe prathirodhikkaan garbhinikal kazhikkarundaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, garbhaavasthayude 35 num 49 num idayil ithu edukkumbol, ithu saadhaarana avayava vikasanathe thadayukayum phocomeliaykku kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu.
1962 januvariyil thante oru vidyaarthiyil ninnu eee vishayathekkurichu ketta sesham tousig jarmmaniyilekku pookukayum eee kuttikalil chilare svayam parisodhikkukayum cheythu. avar lensinte athe nigamanathiletthi garbhakaalath edutha thalidomide phocomeliaykku kaaranamaakunnu. amerikkayilekku madangiyethiya avar american koleju oof physiciansil samsaarikkukayum jenalukalilum maasikakalilum ezhuthukayum 1967ll kongrassinu munnil saakshyam vahikkukayum cheythukondu eph. dii. eyude thalidomydinte amgeekaaram labhikkathe nilkkunnath thadayaan oru kaambayin aarambhichu. avarkkum mattullavarkkum sramangal phalam kandu amerikkayilum europilum marunnu nirodhichu.
viramikalum maranavum.
tousig 1963-ll johns hopkinsil ninnu audyogikamaayi viramichuvenkilum vividha kaaranangalal padippikkunnathum prabhashanangal nalkunnathum lobby thudarnnu. koodaathe, avar shaasthreeya prabandhangal ezhuthunnathu thudarnnu (tousig ezhuthiya 129 ll 41 ennam johns hopkinsil ninnu viramichathinu sheshamullathaan). medical gaveshanathilum niyamavidheyamaakkiya garbhachhidrathilum mrugangalude upayogathinum palliative keyarinteyum hospisinteyum nettangalkkum avar vaadichu.
1977-ll tousig pensylvaniayile kennatt squareile oru viramikkal samoohathilekku maari. sajeevamayirikke, gaveshana pravarthanangalkkaayi avar delaware sarvakalaashaalayilekk idaykkide yathrakal thudarnnu. maranasamayathu, pakshikalile janmana hridaya vaikalyangalude janithaka aditharayekkurichu avar gaveshanam nadathukayaayirunnu.
1986 meyy 20 nuu, thante 88-aamm janmadinathinu naalu divasam maathram akale, tousig oru praadeshika thiranjeduppil vottu cheyyaan oru koottam suhruthukkale oodichukondirikkumbol avarude kaar mattoru vaahanavumayi koottiyidikkukayaayirunnu. ekadesham oru manikkoorin sesham chesttar kaundi ashupathriyil vachu avar marikkukayum thante mrithadeham johns hopkinsinu sambhavana cheyyukayum cheythu.
bahumathikal.
thante kariyariludaneelam tousig 20-ladhikam oonarari birudangal nedi. thante audyogikajeevithathil niravadhi professional sosaittikalil tousig amgamaayirunnu. american pediatric sosaitti, sosaitti phoor pediatric research, american koleju oof physicians ennivayile amgamaayirunnu avar.
chalachithra chithreekaranangal.
2004ll purathirangiya 'esmeth dhaa loard make' enna chithratthil vivian thomasinte jeevithathe aspadamaakki doow. merii stuvartt maastezhsan tousigine avatharippichu. niravadhi puraskaarangalkk naamanirddesham cheyyappedukayum niravadhi puraskaarangal nedukayum cheytha chithramaayirunnu ithu.

