
dakshinaafrikka-yunaittad kingdom bandhangal

dakshinaafrikka-yunaittad kingdom bandhangal yunaittad kingdow (yuke) republic oof dakshinaafrikkayum thammilulla nilavilullathum charitraparavumaaya bandhangalaan. dakshinaafrikka yunaittad kingdatthinte ettavum pradhanappetta vyapara pankaliyum niravadhi mekhalakalil yukeyude pradhana pankaaliyumaanu.
dakshinaafrikkayum ukyum thammilulla bandhangalil pankitta bhashayum (engleesh) saamskaarika bandhangalum, samanamaaya niyama-dhanakaarya samvidaanangal, ore kaayika enangalodulla pankitta abhinivesham, vyapaaravum niyamangal adisthaanamaakkiyulla anthaaraashtra samvidaanavum prolsaahippikkunnathi pothu thaalpparyavum ulppedunnu. dhaaraalam britiish pouranmaarum britiish vamsajarum dakshinaafrikkayil thaamasikkunnathinal dhaaraalam dakshinaafrikkakkaarum yukeyil thaamasikkunnu. britiish saamraajyathinte oru kolaniyaayathinaal dakshinaafrikkakkaaril ganyamaaya oru nyoonapaksham britiish vamshajaraayavaraan. 2011leeii kanakkanusarichu ekadesham 16 laksham dakshinaafrikkakkaar britiish vamshajaraayirunnu. 2010leeii kanakkanusarichu ekadesham 2,27,000 dakshinaafrikkakkaar yunaittad kingdatthil thaamasichirunnathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
dakshinaafrikkayude charithram.
aadhunika republic oof dakshinaafrikkayude roopeekaranathil yuke aazhathilulla pradhana punk vahichathinaal yunaittad kingdatthinum innu dakshinaafrikka ennariyappedunna dakshinaafrikkan pradeshathinum oru neenda charithramund. 1910 meyy 31nuu britiish saamraajyathinte oru aadhipathyamaayi dakshinaafrikkan union sthaapithamaayathodeyaanu dakshinaafrikkayum ukyum thammilulla bandhatthinte thudakkam. 1910 muthal 1961 meyy 31 nuu dakshinaafrikka svayam oru republicayi prakhyaapikkunnathuvare, dakshinaafrikka onnaam lokamahaayudhathilum randaam lokamahaayudhathilum britiish saamraajyathe pinthunaykkukayum athinte bhaagamaayi pooraadukayum cheythu.
1961ll dakshinaafrikka komanvelthu rajyangalil ninnu pinmaariyappol, yunaittad kingdom saambathika, saambathika uparodhangale ethirthu. yunaittad kingdatthinu niravadhi pradhana vyapara bandhangalundaayirunnu, prathyekichu dakshinaafrikkayude swarnam aavashyamaayirunnu.
varnnavivechana sarkkarumaayulla ellah bandhangalum vichedikkaathirikkaanula thanthraparamaaya uddeshyangalum undaayirunnu. aafrikkayile ettavum thekke attathulla rajyamenna nilayilum indian, atlaantik samudrangal koottiyidicha samayathum dakshinaafrikka appozhum kadal vyapara pathakalil oru pradhana kendramaayirunnu. 1969ll dakshinaafrikkan defense fozhsinte (ezz. eiii. dii. eph) kamaandant general sthireekarikkunnathu, "austreliya muthal thekke america vareyulla muzhuvan samudramekhalayilum, aadhunika naavika thaavalangal, thuramukhangal, airfield soukaryangal, aadhunika vikasita vyavasaayavum susthiramaaya gavanmentum vaagdaanam cheiyunna oreyoru nischitha pooyint dakshinaafrikkayaanu."
<aii. dii. 1> muthal dakshinaafrikkayum ukyum thammilulla bandham marran thudangi. cape tounile thante "maattatthinte kaatt" prasamgatthil, yuu. keey. pradhaanamantri harrold mcmillan aafrikkayile maattangalekkurichum dakshinaafrikkayude vamseeya nayangal engane uyarnnuvarikayaanennum samsaarichu komanveltthile oru saha amgamenna nilayil dakshinaafrikkaykku njangalude pinthunayum prothsaahanavum nalkuka ennathu njangalude aathmaarthamaaya aagrahamaan, ennaal ningalude nayangalude chila vashangal njangalude swantham pradeshangalil njangal praabalyatthil varuthaan sramikkunna swathanthraraaya manushyarude rashtreeya vidiyekkurichulla njangalude aazhathilulla bodhyangalekkurichu thettayi parayaathe ithu asaadhyamaakkunnuvennu njaan thurannuparayunnathu ningal kaaryamakkunnillenn njaan prathekshikkunnu.1984ll dakshinaafrikkan president pii.dablyu. europian raajyangalude paryadanatthinte bhaagamaayi botha yuke sandarshikkukayum maargarat thaadakkaarane kandumuttukayum house oof komansinodu samsaarikkukayum cheythu, "varnnavivechanathekkurich njaan njangalude sakthamaaya kaazhchappaadukal prakadippichu. njaan shree. yodu paranju. nirbandhitha neekkam cheyyal sanbradaayathil enikku prathyeka aashankayundennum misttar thadankalil thudarunnathinekkurichulla chodyam uyarthukayum cheythu. nelson mandela."
saambathika uparodhangalodulla maargarat thaacharinte ethirppu, landanil kandumuttya dakshinaafrikkan bishop desmond tuttu, soviyatt blokkumaayulla bandhathe samshayathode kandirunna nirodhitha aafrikkan naashanal kongras (ensie) garilla prasthaanatthinte naadukadatthappetta nethaavu olivar tambo ennivarulppedeyulla varnnavivechana virudha pravartthakare sandarshichathiloode velluvilikkapettu, avar akramathe pinthunakkukayum karuthavargakkaaraaya poleesukaarudeyum praadeshika udyogastharudeyum avarude kudumbangaludeyum garilla akramanangaleyum alkkootta kolapathakangaleyum apalapikkaan visammathikkukayum cheythathinaal avar avare kaanaan visammathichu.
1985 octoberil nassaavuvil nadanna oru komanvelthu uchakodiyil, indian pradhaanamantri rajeev gandhiyum malaysian pradhaanamantri mahatir mohammed ulppedeyulla moonnaam loka nethaakkal komanveltthinte 49 raajyangalude samghadanaye thakarkkumenn avarude prathipaksham bheeshanippeduthiyathaayi munnariyipp nalkiyathinetthudarnnu, parimithamaaya uparodhangal earppeduthaanum pretoriyayumaayi oru sambhashanam prolsaahippikkunnathi oru kondaakt group roopeekarikkaanum thaachar sammathichu. pakaramaayi, samboornna uparodhathinulla ahvaanangal upekshikkukayum dakshinaafrikkaykethire amgaraajyangal sweekaricha nilavilulla niyanthranangal neekkukayum cheythu. eee valia othutheerppil aank president tambo nirasha prakadippichu.
ennirunnaalum, 1986 augustil, varnnavivechana dakshinaafrikkaykethira yuke uparodham vinodasanchaarathinum puthiya nikshepangalkkum "swamedhayaa nirodhanam" ulppeduthunnathinaayi neetti.
varnnavivechana sanbradaayathinte pathanathinushesham, dakshinaafrikka komanvelthu oof nationsile oru republicayi komanvelthu oof neshansilekku thirichetthi. muun yuke pradhaanamantri david cameron maargarat thaacharinte kriyathmakamaaya edapedal nayam nishedhichu, ithu pala pazhaya yaadhaasthithika party amgangaleyum prakopippichu.
varnnavivechanaanthara bandhangal.
varnnavivechanam avasaanichathinusesham iru raajyangalum thammil valia thothil nalla bandhamaan nilaninnittullath. dakshinaafrikkan aabhyanthara vakuppinullile azhimathiyekkurichum videsha pouranmaarkku dakshinaafrikkan pasportukal eluppathil labhikkumennumulla aashankakal kaaranam 2010 ll yunaittad kingdom dakshinaafrikkakkaarkk raajyathekku yaatra cheiyunnathinu visa niyanthranangal nadappaakki. iru raajyangalum thammilulla ubhaykakshi bandhatthil ithu oru vazhithirivayi maari, athinusesham bandham thanuthu. 2015 muthal dakshinaafrikkaykku nalkunna 19 dasalaksham poundu (271 dasalaksham roopa) nirtthumennu 2013 ll britiish sarkkar prakhyaapichu. marupadikku pakaram dakshinaafrikkan sarkkar 2014 septambaril britiish nayathanthranjarkku visa niyanthranangal earppeduthi.
sambadghadana.
2012 leeii kanakkanusarichu dakshinaafrikkan sambadvyavasthayile ettavum mikacha rund nikshepakaril oralaayi yunaittad kingdom thudarunnu.
vyapaaram.
aii. dii. 1 muthal dakshinaafrikkayude moonnaamathe valia irakkumathi srothassaaya yuke pinneedu 2008ll aaram sthaanathekku thaazhnnu. 2001lum 2002lum dakshinaafrikkan kayattumathiyude ettavum valia sweekarthaavaayirunnu yuke, ennaal 2008 aayappozhekkum naalaamathe valia kayattumathiyaayi kuranju. dakshinaafrikkayil ninnu yukeyilekkulla kayattumathiyil vilayeriya kallukal, dhaatu uthppannangal, vahanangal (kappalukal ulppede), yanthrangalum mechanical uthppannangal, pazhangalum pachakkarikalum, adisthaana lohangalum vasthukkalum, thayyarakkiya bhakshyavasthukkalum paaneeyangalum enniva aadhipathyam pulartthunnu. turbo jettukal, turbo propellerukal, gyaas turbineukal, yanthrangal, mechanical upakaranangal, electrical upakaranangal, vahanangal (vimaanangalum kappalukalum ulppede), rasavasthukkal ennivayaanu yukeyil ninnu dakshinaafrikkayilekkula kayattumathiyil aadhipathyam pularthunnathu. 2011 desemberil, yuke paarlamentari under sekrattari oof stettu, henry bellingham empy, 2015 oode anglo-dakshinaafrikkan ubhaykakshi vyapaaram erattiyaakkanamennu prakhyaapichu.
2018 august 28 nuu oru prasamgatthil, annathe pradhaanamantri tereza oru vyapara douthyathethudarnnu dakshinaafrikkan sambadvyavasthaye pinthunaykkunnathinaayi £1,000 vaagdaanam cheythekkaam, raajyathe saambathika, suraksha velluvilikalil sahaaya-chelavu veendum kendreekarikkunnathinum breksittinethudarnnu vyapaarathinulla prathibaddhatha aavarthikkunnathinum.
ubhaykakshi phooram.
saambathikavum raashtreeyavumaaya bandhangal mechappeduthunnathinaayi iru rajyangalkkum vaarshika adisthaanathil koodikkaazhcha nadathunnathinulla oru vediyaayi pravarthichukondu anglo-southu aafrikkan bandham prolsaahippikkunnathi 1997laanu dakshinaafrikka-yunaittad kingdom ubhaykakshi phooram sthaapithamaayathu. iru rajyangalileyum unnatha sarkkar udyogasthar palappozhum eee foratthiloode pradhana vishayangal charcha cheyyaan koodikkaazhcha nadathunnu.

