
itaaliyan pravaasikal

italiyil ninnulla itaaliyan kudiyettamaanu itaaliyan diaspora (,). itaaliyan charithratthil rund pradhana itaaliyan pravaasikalundaayirunnu. italiyude ekeekaranathinu rund pathittaandukalkk sesham 1880-ll aarambhicha aadyathe pravaasikal 1920-kalil muthal 1940-kalude arambham vare phaasist italiyude uyarchayode avasaanichu. daaridryamaayirunnu kudiyettatthinu pradhana kaaranam, prathyekichu italiyil, prathyekichu thekk, "mesadria" pankitta vilakal thazhachuvalarukayum thalamurakalayi swath upavibhagangalaayi maarukayum cheythathinaal bhoomiyude abhavam. prathyekichu thekkan italiyil sthithigathikal kadinamaayirunnu. 1860 muthal 1950 vare itali ippozhum aadhunika vyavasaayangalillaatha niravadhi cheria pattanangalum nagarangalum ulla oru valia grameena samoohamaayirunnu, athil bhoomi maanejment reethikal, prathyekichu thekkum vadakkukizhakkan pradeshangalum, karshakare bhoomiyil thamasikkaanum mannil jolie cheyyaanum eluppathil bodhyappeduthiyilla.
ekeekaranathinushesham saamoohika saambathika saahacharyangalile mechappeduthalukalude falamaayi thekkan italiyile amita janasamkhyayumaayi bandhappettathaan mattoru ghadakam. ithu oru janasamkhyaaparamaaya kuthichuchaattam srishtikkukayum pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum kooduthalum amerikkayilekku kudiyeraan puthiya thalamurakale nirbandhitharaakkukayum cheythu. mooladhanathinte puthiya kudiyettam lokamembaadum dasalakshakkanakkinu avidagdha thozhilavasarangal srishtikkukayum "appavum joliyum" (,) thirayunna itaaliyanmaarude oresamayam vanthothilulla kudiyettatthinu kaaranamaakukayum cheythu.
randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinusesham aarambhicha randaamathe pravaasikal ekadesham 1970kalil avasaanichu. 1880num 1980num idayil ekadesham aii. dii. 1 itaaliyanmaar sthiramaayi raajyam vittu. 1980 aayappozhekkum ekadesham aii. dii. 1 itaaliyanmaar italikku purathu thaamasikkunnundennu kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 1861num 1985num idayil, itaaliyan vamshajar mattu raajyangalilekku kudiyeri; avaril aii. dii. 1 (55 sathamaanam) perr onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappedunnathi munbu athiyavaraanu. ekadesham aii. dii. 2 italiyilekku madangukayum (35 sathamaanam) aii. dii. 1 sthiramaayi videshathu sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu (65 sathamaanam).
21-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil saambathika prathisandhi moolamundaaya saamoohika saambathika prasnangal kaaranam, pradhaanamaayum yuvaakkale badhikkunna oru moonnaam tharamgam sambhavikkunnathayi karuthappedunnu. videshathulla itaaliyan nivaasikalude (eyar) pothu rajisttar anusarichu, videshathulla itaaliyanmaarude ennam 2006-ll aii. dii. 2-ll ninnu 2015-ll aii. dii. 1 aayi uyarnnu, angane verum 10 varshathinullil 49 sathamaanam vardhichu. italikku purathu 5 dashalakshathiladhikam itaaliyan pouranmaar thaamasikkunnu, lokamembaadumulla aalukal poornnamo bhaagikamo aaya itaaliyan vamshaparambara avakaashappedunnu.
itaaliyan bhoomishaasthraparamaaya athirthikalkkullile aabhyanthara kudiyettavum samanamaaya kaaranangalal sambhavichu; 1950-kalkkum 1970-kalkkum idayil thekkan italiyil ninnu vadakkan italiyilekku (kooduthalum vadakkan itaaliyan vyaavasaayika nagarangalilekku) kudiyeriya 4 dasalaksham aalukal ithinte ettavum valia tharamgathil ulppettirunnu. innu italiyile genovayil sthithi cheiyunna naashanal museum oof itaaliyan emigration (, "meyy") undu. moonnu nilakalilum 16 prameya mekhalakalilum vyaapichukidakkunna pradarshana idam, italiyude ekeekaranathinu munbulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte prathibhaasatthe vivarikkunnu. itaaliyan kudiyettam enna vishayam kaikaaryam cheiyunna akkaalathe aathmakathakal, dayarikal, kathukal, photographukal, pathra lekhanangal ennivayiloode itaaliyan kudiyettatthe museum vivarikkunnu.
purathana itaaliyan kudiyettangalude pashchaathalam.
pradhaanamaayum turkeyil thamasikkunna aalukalaanu itaaliyan leventains, madhyakaalakhattathil levantile genois, veneeshyan kolanikkaaril ninnulla pingaamikalaan itaaliyan leventainsinu kurishuyudhathinteyum baisantain saamraajyathinteyum kaalam muthal kizhakkan medittareniyan theerathu (levent, prathyekichu innathe lebaanon, israel) polum verukalundu. 1453-ll constantinoppil pathanathinushesham karinkadalil ninnu crimea, genois kolanikalil ninnu oru cheria samgham vannu. aadhunika turkeyile itaaliyan leventainil bhooribhaagavum medittareniyan samudra republicukalil ninnulla vyaapaarikaludeyum kolanikkaarudeyum pingaamikalaan (republic oof venees, republic oof genova, republic oof pisa allengil kurishuyudha raajyangalile nivaasikal). itaaliyan leventainsinte rund valia samoohangalundu onnu istanbulilum mattonn ismeerilum. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil ismeeril itaaliyan verukalulla ekadesham 6,000 leventains undaayirunnu. avar pradhaanamaayum genois dveepaaya cheosil ninnaan vannath. attaathurkkinte kaalath eee samooham 15,000-thiladhikam amgangalilekku athiyengilum ippol athu noorukanakkinu aayi kuranjuvennu itaaliyan leventain ezhuthukaaranaaya jiovanni scognamillo parayunnu.
lebananile oru samoohamaanu lebananile itaaliyan (allengil itaaliyan lebanese). panthrandaam noottaandinum pathinanjaam noottaandinum idayil itaaliyan republic oof genovic bairoot, tripoly, biblose ennividangalil chila genois kolanikal undaayirunnu. aduthakaalathu, onnaam lokamahaayudhathilum randaam lokamahaayudhathilum itaaliyakkaar cheria grouppukalaayi lebananilekku vannu, akkaalat europile yudhangalil ninnu rakshappedaan shramichu. 1911 muthal 1912 vareyulla itaaliyan-turkish yudhathil ninnulla itaaliyan sainikaraayirunnu lebanonine sthirathaamasamaakkaanum abhayam kandethanumulla sthalamaayi thiranjeduttha aadyathe itaaliyanmaaril chilar. europian jeevitashaili kaaranam itaaliyanmaaril bhooribhaagavum beyroottil sthirathaamasamaakkaan theerumaanichu. swaathanthryathinushesham kurachu itaaliyanmaar lebanon vittu francilake pooyi. lebananile itaaliyan samooham valare cheruthaanu (ekadesham 4,300 aalukal), ithu kooduthalum lebanese catholica samoohavumaayi swaamsheekarikkappedunnu. italiyum lebanon thammilulla saambathika bandhangalil ("vinifest 2011" pole) thaalparyam vardhichuvarikayaanu.
karinkadalil thekkan ukrainile oru nagaramaya bhaaviyile odesayude pradeshathu, orupakshe karinkadalinte steppukalil valare saadhaaranamaaya choornna plaantinte peril ninnu "jinistra" ennu vilikkappedunna genois vaanijya kappalukalude nankooram sthaapichappol, pathimoonnaam noottaandile rekhakalil odesayile itaaliyanmaare aadyamaayi paraamarsikkunnu. 1794ll odesayude aditharayittathode thekkan ukrainile itaaliyanmaarude varavu prathyekichum vardhichu. karinkadal thadatthinte puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya thalasthaanamaaya giuseppe dii ribaasinte neethrthwathil 1797 vare spanish vamshajanaaya oru neopolitan undaayirunnuvenna vasthuthayaan ithellaam sugamamaakkiyath. 1797ll motham janasamkhyayude 10 sathamaanathinu thulyamaaya 800 itaaliyan oodesayil undaayirunnu avar kooduthalum vyaapaarikalum neopolitan, genois, livorno naavikarumaayirunnu, avar pinneedu kalakaaranmaar, saankethika vidagdhar, karakaushalathozhilaalikal, faarmasistukal, adhyapakar ennivarumaayi chernnu. 1917leeii viplavam avaril palareyum italiyilekko europile mattu nagarangalilekko ayachu. soviyatt kaalaghattatthil, eathaanum dussen itaaliyanmaar maathramaan odesayil avasheshichathu, avaril bhooribhaagathinum avarude swantham bhasha ariyillaayirunnu. kaalakramena avar praadeshika janangalumayi layichu, uthbhavathinte vamseeya ardhangal nashtappettu.
krimiyayil thamasikkunna oru cheria vamseeya nyoonapakshamaanu krimiyayile itaaliyanmaar. republic oof genovayudeyum republic oof veneessinteyum kaalam muthal itaaliyakkaar krimiyayude chila pradeshangalil adhivasichittundu. 1783ll 25,000 itaaliyanmaar aduthide russian saamrajyam pidichadakkiya krimiyayilekku kudiyeri. 1830lum 1870lum tranny, bissegly, molfetta ennee nagarangalil ninnu rund vyathyastha kudiyettangal kerchiletthi. eee kudiyettakkaar karshakarum naavikarumaayirunnu, praadeshika crimean thuramukhangalile thozhilavasarangalum eathaandu chooshanam cheyyappedaathathum phalabhooyishtavumaaya crimean bhoomi krishi cheyyaanulla saadhyathayum avare aakarshichu. october viplavathinushesham niravadhi itaaliyan pouranmaare videsikalaayi kanakkaakkukayum sathrukkalaayi kaanukayum cheythu. athinaal avar valareyadhikam adichamarthalukal nerittu. 1936num 1938num idayil staalinte grettu pyoorj samayat niravadhi itaaliyanmaar chaaravrithikku irayaakukayum avare arast cheyyukayum peedippikkukayum naadukadatthukayum vadikkukayum cheythu. athijeevicha churukkam chilare nikita krushchevinte regencyude keezhil kerchilekku madangaan anuvadichu. chila kudumbangal soviyatt unionile mattu pradeshangalilekku, pradhaanamaayum kasakkisthaanilum usbekkistaanilum chitharippoyi. pradhaanamaayum kerchil thamasikkunna 3,000 peraanu innu krimiyayile itaaliyan vamshajar.
pathinaram noottaand muthal jibraltaril oru genois samooham nilanilkkukayum pinneedu janasamkhyayude oru pradhana bhaagamaayi maarukayum cheythu. pathinaram noottaandil jibraltarilekku thamasam maariyathum pathinettaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil jibralter janasamkhyayude moonnilonnil kooduthalumaaya oru samooham genovayil ninnu kudiyeriyathaayi dhaaraalam thelivukal undu. genois" ennu mudrakuthappettirunne avar jeenova nagaratthil ninnu mathramalla, vadakkan italiyile oru pradeshamaaya liguriyayil ninnum, athu maaridaim republic oof genovayude kendramaayirunnu. 1725leeii sensus prakaram, motham 1,113 poura janasamkhyayil 414 vamshavali, 400 spaaniyaardukal, 137 juthanmaar, 113 britishukaar, 49 perr (pradhaanamaayum porchugeesukaarum dachukaarum) ennivaraayirunnu. 1753leeii sensus prakaram jibraltarile sivilian nivaasikalil ettavum valia koottam (ekadesham 34 sathamaanam) genoyisaayirunnu, 1830 vare itaaliyan bhasha engleeshinum spanishinum oppam samsaarikkukayum audyogika prakhyapanangalil upayogikkukayum cheythirunnu. nepolian kaalathinushesham, niravadhi sisiliyanmaarum chila tuscanukalum jibraltarilekku kudiyeriyengilum genois ligurianmaarum itaaliyan groupil bhooribhaagavum thudarnnu. vaasthavathil, 20-aamm noottaand vare kaattalan ulkkadalil samsaarichirunna genois bhasha 1970-kalil illaathaayi. innu, jibraltarile genois samoohathinte pingaamikal svayam "jibralteriyanmaar" aayi kanakkaakkukayum avaril bhooribhaagavum jibraalttarinte svayambharanaavakaasham prolsaahippikkukayum cheiyunnu. jibraltariludaneelam, prathyekichu nagaratthile pazhaya kettidangalude vaasthuvidyayil, aantharika muttangal ("paattiyos" ennum ariyappedunnu) ulkkollunna parambaraagatha genois bhawana shailikalaal swaadheenikkappetta genois paithrikam prakadamaanu.
republic oof veneesumaayi vamsheeyavum bhashaaparavumaaya bandhamullah greak dveepaaya corfuvil (kerkira) ninnulla oru janasamkhyayaanu corfeot itaaliyans (allengil "corfeot itaaliyans"). kurishuyudhasamayathum athinusheshavum baalkkanukalilekk itaaliyan samsthaanangalude vipuleekaranathil corfeat itaaliyan samoohathinte uthbhavam kaanam. panthrandaam noottaandil, dweep bharikkan naples raajyam chila itaaliyan kudumbangale corfuvilekku ayachu. 1204leeii naalam kurishuyuddham muthal, republic oof venis niravadhi itaaliyan kudumbangale corfuvilekku ayachu. eee kudumbangal madhyakaalakhattatthile itaaliyan bhasha dveepilekku konduvannu. navothaanakaalatthum pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanavum vare nilaninna corfuvum ionian dveepukalum venis bharichappol, corfeot uyarnna vargakkaar bhooribhaagavum itaaliyan (allengil pala kesukalilum prathyekichu veneeshyan) samsaarichirunnu, ennaal pathinaram noottaandile automan uparodhathin munbum sheshavum janakkoottathil vamsheeyamaayum bhashaaparamaayum mathaparamayum greak thudarnnu. veneshyakkaar "sittaa dii corfu" ennu vilicha corfu nagarathilaanu corfeot itaaliyanmaar pradhaanamaayum kendreekarichirunnathu. pathinettaam noottaandile corfu nagaratthile janasamkhyayude pakuthiyiladhikam perum veneeshyan bhasha samsaarichirunnu. nepolian kaalaghattatthinushesham greak desheeyathayude punarjanmam corfeot itaaliyanmaarude kramena aprathyakshamaakunnathin kaaranamaayi. 1864ll corfu aathyanthikamayi greak raajyathil ulppeduthi. 1870ll greak sarkkar ionian dveepukalile ellah itaaliyan schoolukalum nirthalaakki, athinte anantharafalamaayi 1940kalode 400 corfeot itaaliyanmaar maathrame avasheshichulloo. corfu nagaratthinte vaasthuvidya ippozhum athinte neenda veneeshyan paithrukathe prathifalippikkunnu, athinte bahunila kettidangal, prashasthamaaya "spianada" polulla vishalamaaya chathurangal, "kaantooniya" ennariyappedunna idungiya cobleston edanaazhikal ennivayundu.
purathana kaalam muthal innathe italikkum francinum idayil ellaayppozhum kudiyettam nadakkunnundu. pathinaram noottaand muthal florence avidatthe pouranmaarum fraansumaayi valare adutha bandham aasvadikkunnu. 1533-ll pathinalam vayassil catherine dii medisi francis onnaaman rajaavinteyum fraansile raajnji claudinteyum randaamathe makanaaya henry vivaham kazhichu. catherine dii medisi enna perinte galzised pathippil, 1547-ll henry simhaasanathil kayariyappol avar fraansinte raajnjiyaayi. pinneedu, henry marichathinushesham, avar thante pathuvayassulla makan chaals onpathaam rajaavinu vendi regentavukayum avarkk vipulamaaya adikaarangal nalkukayum cheythu. 1574-ll chaals marichathinushesham, catherine thante moonnaamathe makanaaya henry moonnaamante bharanathil oru pradhana punk vahichu. fraansinte charithratthil pradhana punk vahicha itaaliyanmaarude mattu sradheyamaaya udaaharanangalil pessinayil janicha kardinal masarin, oru kardinal, nayathanthranjan, raashtreeyakkaaran, 1642 muthal 1661 ll marikkunnathuvare fraansinte mukhyamantriyaayi sevanamanushtichu. aadhunika kaalaghattatthile vyakthithvangale sambandhichidatholam, franch chakravarty generalumaaya nepolian bonapart vamsheeyamaayi itaaliyan vamshajanaan, avarude kudumbam genois, tuscan vamshajaraayirunnu.
1066-ll anglo-saaksan englandu keezhadakkiyathinushesham, englandile aadyathe itaaliyan samoohangal southaampdanil thamasikkunna vyaapaarikalil ninnum naavikaril ninnum aarambhichu. landanile prashasthamaaya "lombard street" enna peru vadakkan italiyil ninnulla cheruthum ennaal shakthavumaya samoohathil ninnaan, 1000-nuu sesham bankermar vyaapaarikalum aayi avide thaamasichu. westminstar aabiyude punarnirmmaanam 1245-ll poortthiyaaya 'kosmetti' nadappaathayude nirmmaanatthil ganyamaaya itaaliyan kalaparamaaya swaadheenam kaanichu, italikku purathu ariyappedaatha shailiyude savisheshamaaya udaaharanavum, ordoricus enna romaante neethrthwathilulla itaaliyan karakaushala vidagtharude mikacha samghathinte srishtiyumaanu. 1303-ll edward onnaaman lombard vyapara samoohavumaayi oru karar charcha cheythu, athu kasttams dutykalum chila avakashangalum aanukoolyangalum urappakki. kasttams dutyil ninnulla varumanam kaikaaryam cheythath italiyile lukkayil ninnulla oru koottam baankarmaraaya recardiyaanu. velsh yudhangalkku dhanasahayam nalkaan sahaayicha kireedatthinu panamidapaadukaar enna nilayilulla avarude sevanathinu pakaramaayirunnu ithu. fransumaayulla yuddham pottippurappettappol franch rajaavu recardiyude swathukkal kandukettukayum baank paapparaakukayum cheythu. ithinushesham, florencile frescobaldy engleesh kireedatthinu panamidapadukaaraayi chumathalayettu.
madhyakaalakhattam muthal dhaaraalam itaaliyanmaar germmaniyil thaamasichittundu, prathyekichu aarkkitektukal, karakaushala vidagdhar, vyapaarikal. madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathilum aadhunikakaalathinte thudakkathilum niravadhi itaaliyakkaar vyaapaarathinaayi jarmmaniyilekku varikayum iru raajyangalum thammilulla bandham abhivridhippedukayum cheythu. vadakkan jarmmani muthal vadakkan itali vare vyaapichukidakkunna vishudha roman saamraajyathinte niyanthranam vyaapippikkanulla jarmman raajakumaaranmaarude shramangalude keezhil rashtreeya athirthikalum oru paridhivare parasparam bandhappettirunnu. navothaanakaalathu niravadhi itaaliyan bankermar aarkkidekttukalum kalakaaranmaarum jarmmaniyilekku maarukayum jarmman samoohathil vijayakaramaayi samyojippikkukayum cheythu.
charithram.
itaaliyan ekeekaranam muthal onnaam lokamahaayudham vare.
madhyakaalakhattam muthal dakshinenthyayil nilaninnirunna, prathyekichu prabhukkanmaarudeyo mathasthaapanangaludeyo rajaavinteyo verpeduthaanaavaatha swathaayirunna bhoovudamakalude bhoopradesam italiyude ekeekaranam thakarthu. ennirunnaalum, fyoodalisathinte thakarchayum bhoomiyude punarvitharanavum thekk cherukida karshakarkk svanthamaayi bhumiyo jolie cheyyaanum labham nedaanum kazhiyunna bhumiyo avasaanippikkaan kaaranamayilla. palarum bhoorahitharaayi thudarnnu, bhoomi anantharaavakaashikalkkidayil vibhajichathinaal plottukal cheruthum uthppaadanakshamatha kuranjathum aayi valarnnu.
1860num onnaam lokamahaayudhathinum idayil, kudiyettam nadatthiya motham 16 dashalakshathil 9 dasalaksham italikkaar sthiramaayi pooyi, avaril bhooribhaagavum vadakotto thekotto yaatra cheythu. mattoru padanamanusarichu 1876 muthal 1914 vare 14 dasalaksham ennam ithilum kooduthalaayirunnirikkaam. 1876 muthal 1900 vareyulla kaalayalavil sharashari 220,000 vaarshika kudiyettavum 1901 muthal 1915 vareyulla kaalayalavil ekadesham 650,000 vaarshika kudiyettavum undaayi. 1900 nuu munbu itaaliyan kudiyettakkaaril bhooribhaagavum vadakkan, madhya italiyil ninnullavaraayirunnu. 1870num 1914num idayil itali vitta kudiyettakkaaril moonnil rund perum parambaraagatha vaidagdhyamulla purushanmarayirunnu. 1896nuu munbu kudiyettakkaaril pakuthiyum karshakaraayirunnu. 
videshathu itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude ennam vardhichathode, avarude panamayakkalum vardhichu, ithu kooduthal kudiyettatthe prothsaahippichu, veettil ninnu pookaanulla aavasyam kuraykkumennu yukthisahamaayi karuthappedunna gadakangal, athaayath vardhicha shambalam ennivaykku polum. ithine "sthiravum paathaye aashrayikkunnathumaaya kudiyetta ozhukk" ennu vilikkunnu. aadyam poya suhruthukkalum bandhukkalum tikkattinaayi panam thirike ayaykkukayum bandhukkale sahayikkukayum cheythu. yadhaartha raajyathe saahacharyangal mechappedunnathinu polum kudiyettakkaare vittupokaruthennu bodhyappedutthaan samayameduthathinaal ithu oru kudiyetta pravaahathe pinthunaykkunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathum europe vidaan sramikkunna aalukalude ozhukkine valareyadhikam thadassappeduthiyathum sweekarikkunna rajyangal nadappaakkiya kudiyettatthinulla niyanthranangalum polulla naadakeeya sambhavangal maathramaan kudiyettatthinte ozhukk thadasappeduthiyathu. 1921leeii emarjansi kwata act, 1924leeii immigration act ennivayaanu amerikkayile atharam niyanthranangalude udaaharanagal. 1920leyum 1930leyum phaasist sarkkar italiyil ninnulla kudiyettam parimithappeduthunnathinu niyantritha niyamanirmmanam avatharippichu.
itaaliyan pravaasikal raajyathe ellah pradeshangaleyum thulyamaayi baadhichilla. kudiyettatthinte randaam ghattathil (1900 muthal onnaam lokamahaayudham vare), kudiyettakkaaril pakuthiyil thaazhe maathrame thekk ninnu vannirunnulloo, avaril bhooribhaagavum graamapradesangalil ninnullavaraayirunnu, kaaranam avar kaaryakshamamallatha bhoovudamakal, niyamalamghanangal, asukham (pellagra, collara) ennivayaal bhoomiyil ninnu purathaakkappettu. roobert forsttar, "itaaliyan emigration oof avar times" (1919) ll parayunnu, "[emigration cheythittundu]... purathaakkalinodu aduthu; janasamkhya kurayunnathinte ardhathil athu puranthallalaayirunnu; athu swabhaavaparamaayi sthiramaayirunnu ". 1870 muthal 1914 vare 509,000 janasamkhyayulla freuli veneeshya giuliayil ninnulla kudiyettakkaarude valia samkhyaykku kaaranam, 1.407 dasalaksham kudiyettakkaaril kanakkaakkappedunnavaril palarum yadhaarthathil itaaliyan freuliyekkaal kooduthal polyglot janasamkhyayulla krottukal, freulianmar, itaaliyanmaar, slovens ennivar austriyan theerathaanu thaamasichirunnathu ennathaanu.
"vaadakakkaar oru udamayil ninnu jolie cheyyaan oru plott nedukayum laabhathinte nyayamaaya punk nilanirthukayum cheiyunna "mesadria" enna pankitta krishiyude oru roopam, central italiyil kooduthal prachaaratthilundaayirunnu, koodaathe italiyude aaa bhaagath ninnu kudiyettam kurravaayathinte oru kaaranamaanith. thekk samrambhakar illaathirunnathinaal bhoovudamakal illaathirunnathu saadhaaranamaayirunnu. bhoomi svanthamaakkuka ennathu sambathinte adisthaana alavukolaanengilum avidatthe krishi saamoohikamaayi nindikkappettu. aalukal kaarshika upakaranangalilalla, marichu apakadasaadhyatha kuranja samsthaana bondukal polulla kaaryangalil nikshepam nadatthi.
nagarangalil ninnulla kudiyettam valare kuravaayirunnu enna niyamathinu naplesil oru pradhana apavaadamundu. 1860ll swantham raajyathinte thalasthaanamaaya eee nagaram italiyile mattoru valia nagaramaayi maari. bureaucratic jolikal nashtappedukayum thudarnnu saambathika sthithi kurayukayum cheythath eee pradeshathe uyarnna thozhilillaaymayilekku nayichu. 1880-kalude thudakkathil, kolarayude pakarchavyaadhikalum nagaratthe baadhichu, ithu niravadhi aalukale naaduvidunnathinu kaaranamaayi. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkam vare neenduninna "risaanamento" (aksharaarthatthil "veendum aarogyakaramaayath") ennariyappedunna oru samrambhamaya nagaratthinte muzhuvan bhaagangalum punarnirmmikkanulla theerumaanathinu pinnile prerakashakthiyaayirunnu pakarchavyaadhikal.
italiyude ekeekaranathinu munbulla aadya kurachu varshangalil, kudiyettam samsthaanathinte prathyeka niyanthranathilaayirunni. kudiyettakkaare maattippaarppichu panam sambaadikkuka ennathaayirunnu kudiyettakkaarude jolie. atharam thozhil ejantumaareyum recrutermaareyum rakshaadhikaari allengil booas ennu vivarthanam cheiyunna "padroni" ennu vilichirunnu. durupayogangal italiyile aadyathe kudiyetta niyamathilekku nayichu, 1888 ll pasaki, niravadhi immigration ejansikale samsthaana niyanthranathilaakki. 1901 januvari 31 nuu, vimaanakkambanikalkku licenses nalkal, nischitha ticket chelavu nadappilaakkal, enbercation thuramukhangalil kramam paalikkal, purathupokunnavarkku aarogya parisodhana nalkal, hostalukalum paricharana soukaryangalum sthaapikkal, athicherunnavare paripalikkaan sahaayikkunnathin sweekarikkunna rajyangalumaayi karaarukal krameekarikkal enniva ulppede immigration kammeeshan roopeekarichu. kudiyettakkaar pookunnathinumumbumbum sheshavum avar athicherunnathinu munbum, anyasamsthaana thozhilaallikalodu vivechanam kaanikkunna american niyamangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathum (anyagraha karar thozhil niyamam pole), valia coffey thottangalil niravadhi kudiyettakkaar ardha adimakalaayi murivelppichirunna braseelilekkulla kudiyettam kurachukaalathekku thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivaykkunnathupola kaikaaryam cheyyaan kammeeshanarettu shramichu. amerikkayil ninnu kudiyettakkaar avarude maathrraajyathekku ayacha panamayaykkal krameekarikkaanum kammeesharett sahayichu, ithu chila akkoundukal vazhi itaaliyan gnpyude ekadesham 5 shathamaanathilekku sthiramaayi panatthinte ozhukkayi maari. 1903ll, munbu upayogichirunna venis thuramukham ozhike, palermo, napples, genova ennee thuramukhangalum kammeesharett sthaapichu.
yudhakaalakhattam.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu atlaantik kadal gathagathavumaayi bandhapetta shaareerika apakadangal itali ulppede yooroppinte ellah bhaagangalil ninnumulla kudiyettatthe thadassappeduthiyenkilum, yudhaananthara kaalaghattatthile vividha deseeya sambadvyavasthakalude avastha valare moshamayathinaal kudiyettam udan thanne uyarnnu. 40 varsham munbu prasidheekarichathinu samanamaaya bhayappeduthunna vaarthakal videsha pathrangal prasidheekarichu (udaaharanathinu, 1880 desember 18 nuu, newyork times "abhikaamyamallaatha kudiyettakkaar" enna oru edittoriyal nadathiyappol, "adambara kudiyettatthinethire" divasathe saadhaarana soochanakal niranjirunnu... [oof]...italiyile ettavum cheria vibhaagangalude malinavum durbalav alasathayum criminal azhukkukalum "). 1921 epril 17 nuu athe pathratthil ezhuthiya oru lekhanathil, "valia thothil varunna italikkaar", "kudiyettakkaarude ennam linerukalude sheshi kondu maathram parimithappedutthum" (sameepakaala yudhakaala nashtangal kaaranam ippol parimithamaaya ennam kappalukal labhyamaayirunnu), koodaathe kudiyettakkaarkku saadhyathayullavar genova nagarangalile theerangalil thadichukoodunnu enna thalakkettukal upayogichu. eee lekhanam thudarunnu.. nepples polulla oru nagaratthiloode nadakkunna videshikalkk sarkkar abhimukeekarikkunna prashnam eluppathil manassilakkaan kazhiyum pinn theruvukal aksharaarthatthil kuttikalaal niranjirikkunnu, theruvukalkk chuttum vrithikettathum santhoshakaravumaaya nadappaathakalil oodunnu. ... neppilsinte praanthapradeshangal... dalhi, agra, eest indeesile mattu nagarangal ennividangalil maathram kaanapedunna kuttikalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyaan kazhiyunna kuttikalumaayi niranjirikkunnu...".
yudhaananthara italiyude kadutha saambathika budhimuttukalum raajyathinullile kadutha aabhyanthara pirimurukkangalum faasisathinte uyarchayilekku nayichu, 1920 ll 614,000 kudiyettakkaare nayikkukayum avaril pakuthiyum amerikkayilekku pookukayum cheythu. 1922ll faasisttukal adhikaarathil vannappol italiyil ninnulla kudiyettakkaarude ennathil kramena maandyam sambhavichu. ennirunnaalum, phaasist bharanathinte aadya anchu varshangalil aalukal itali vittu. appozhekkum, kudiyettakkaarude swabhaavam maariyittund; udaaharanathinu, jolie cheiyunna praayathinu purathulla bandhukkal ithinakam itali vittupoya avarude kudumbangalodoppam thamasam maarunnathil ganyamaaya vardhanayundaayi.
avarude maathrraajyavumaayulla kudiyettakkaarude bandham avar poyathinusheshavum valare shakthamaayithanne thudarnnu. italiyile rajaavu immaanuval randaamanu samarppichirikkunna smaarakathinte bhagamaaya alttaare della paatriyayude (1885-1935) nirmmaanathinaayi niravadhi itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar sambhavanakal nalki, athinte smaranaykkaayi, itaaliyan anjjaatha sainikante shavakudeerathinaduthulla altare della patriyayil nirantharam kathunna rund braseelukalil phalakathinte likhitham, "glee itaaliyan ool 'estero allah madrey patria" ("maathrraajyathekku videshathulla itaaliyanmaar") ennu vaayikkunnu. nithyena kathikkunna jwaalakalude saangalppika ardham noottaandukal pazhakkamulla avayude pratheekathmakathayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, kaaranam ithinu shaasthreeya purathana kaalaghattatthil, prathyekichu marichavarude aaradhanayil uthbhavamund. anjjaathanaaya sainikante thyaagathinteyum uthbhavadeshathinte bandhatthinteyum oormma, itaaliyan rajyangalil, avarude rajyath ninnu akaleyullavaril polum, orikkalum mangukayilla ennathinte pratheekamaanu nithyamaayi kathunna oru thee.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham.
randaam lokamahaayudhathilum 1947leeii paarees udambadikalil italiyude paraajayathetthudarnnu, pooll, fiyame, saara nagarangalumayulla istriya, kwarner, juuliyan march enniva italiyil ninnu yougoslaviayilekku kadannupoyi, ithu istriyan-dalmatian pravaasathinu kaaranamaayi, ithu 230,000 muthal 350,000 vare praadeshika itaaliyan vamsheeyarude (istriyan itaaliyan, dalmatian itaaliyan) italiyilekkum cheria ennathil america, austreliya, dakshinaafrikka ennividangalilekkum kudiyettatthilekku nayichu.
maruvashathu, irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyile itaaliyan kudiyettam kooduthalum saambathika valarcha anubavikkunna europian raajyangalilekkaayirunnu. 1940 muthal itaaliyan kudiyettam pradhaanamaayum swittsarlandilekkum beljiyathilekkum neengumbol adutha dashakathil france germmaniyum pradhana lakshyasthanangalil cherkkapettu. purappedunna samayat, italiyil mechappetta bhaavi kettippadukkunnathinaayi jolie cheyyaanum panam sambaadikkaanum-palappozhum kurachu maasangal maathram-oru thaalkkaalika lakshyasthaanamaayi eee raajyangale palarum kanakkaakkiyirunnu. 1970kalilaanu eee prathibhasam ettavum kooduthal nadannathu, niravadhi itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude maathrraajyathekkulla thirichuvaravu adayaalappeduthiya oru kaalaghattamaayirunnu athu.
1955ll itaaliyan raashtram germmaniyumaayi oru kudiyetta karaaril oppuvachu, ithu deshaadana prasthaanangalude kaaryatthil paraspara prathibaddhatha urappunalkukayum ekadesham moonnu dasalaksham itaaliyanmaar jolie thedi athirthi kadakkaan prerippikkukayum cheythu. 2017 leeii kanakkanusarichu, germmaniyil ekadesham 700,000 itaaliyanmaarundu, swittsarlandil eee ennam ekadesham 500,000 aayi uyarunnu. avar pradhaanamaayum sisilian, calabrian, abruziz, apulian vamshajaraanu, mathramalla veneeshyan, emilian vamsajarum aanu, avaril palarkkum eratta pourathvam undu, athinaal iru raajyangalilum vottu cheyyaanulla kazhivundu. beljiyathilum swittsarlandilum, itaaliyan samoohangalaanu ettavum kooduthal videsha prathinidhikalayi nilanilkkunnath, palarum viramicha sesham italiyilekku madangunnundengilum, palappozhum kuttikalum kochumakkalum janicha rajyangalilaanu, avide avar ippol veroonniyirikkunnu.
europilum athupole thanne itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude sanjaara pravaahatthinte lakshyasthaanamaaya mattu raajyangalilum bhookhandangalilum kaanapedunna oru pradhana prathibhaasamaan kudiyetta associationukal. oru noottaandilereyaayi itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar sthaapicha pathinaayiratthiladhikam associationukal videshathaanenn videshakaarya mantraalayam kanakkakkunnu. kudiyettakkaarkku oru adisthaana pooyint oof reference roopeekaricha aanukoolyangal, saamskaarika, sahayam, sevana associationukal. vividha aadarsha prachodanangalude pradhana associative netvarkkukal ippol naashanal kaunsil oof immigrationil shekharikkappedunnu. catholica lokathodoppam lokathile ettavum valia associative netvarkkukalilonnu "kudiyetta thozhilaallikaludeyum kudumbangaludeyum itaaliyan federation" aanu.
"21-aamm noottaandile "puthiya kudiyettam".
irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathinum adutha noottaandinte thudakkathinum idayil lokamembaadumulla itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude ozhukk valareyadhikam kuranju. ennirunnaalum, sisili polulla chila pradeshangalil ninnulla kudiyettam orikkalum avasaanichilla. ennirunnaalum, mahaamaandyathinte prathyaaghaathangalethudarnnathu, 2010kalude avasaanam muthal pravaasikalude thudarchayaaya ozhukk vyaapichu. munbathe randennam ennathil kuravaanengilum, eee kaalayalav pradhaanamaayum birudadhaarikalaaya yuvaakkale badhikkunnu, athinaal athine "braine draine" ennu nirvachikkunnu.
prathyekichum, eee ozhukk pradhaanamaayum 2012ll maathram 35,000-thiladhikam italikkaar jarmmaniyilekku ethiya jarmmaniyilekku, marichu yunaittad kingdom, france, swittsarland, canada, austreliya, america, thekke american rajyangal thudangiya raajyangalilekkum. videshathu thamasikkunna italikkaarude registry offeesil ninnulla 2012 leeii kanakkukal prakaram 2011 neey apekshichu ekadesham 20,000 vardhanayode ekadesham 78,000 aalukalulla oru vaarshika ozhukkinte falamaanithu, kudiyettam nadatthiya aalukalude yadhaartha ennam ganyamaayi kooduthalaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnundu (randinum moonninum idayil thavana), kaaranam pala naattukaarum avarude yadhaartha purappaadumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol valare vaikiyaan italiyile thamasam raddaakkunnathu.
gurutharamaaya saambathika prathisandhi moolamundaaya "puthiya kudiyettam" ennu vilikkappedunna prathibhasam spain, porchugal, grease (athupole ireland, france) thudangiya rajyangal polulla thekkan europile ellah rajyangaleyum badhikkunnu, avaa samanamaaya, valuthallengilum, kudiyetta pravanathakal rekhappeduthunnu. saambathika, saamoohika nayangalil gadanaaparamaaya maattangalillaatha sthalangalaanu eee kudiyettatthinte ozhukk vardhikkunnathennu parakke vishwasikkappedunnu. italiye sambandhichidatholam, eee ozhukkukal ippol thekkan italiyude pradeshangale mathramalla, lombardy, emilia-romagna thudangiya vadakku bhaagangaleyum badhikkunnu ennathum sradheyamaanu.
labhyamaya sthithivivarakkanakkukal anusarichu, videshathu thamasikkunna itaaliyan pouranmaarude samooham 4,600,000 aalukalaanu (2015 daatta). athinaal, sathamaanathinte veekshanakonil, 1920 kalude thudakkathil (motham itaaliyan janasamkhyayude anjilonnu aayirunnappol) ithu 9,200,000 ll ninnu valareyadhikam kuranju.
ceiyude bhagamaaya kudiyetta foundeshan thayyarakkiya "2011 leeii lokathile itaaliyanmaarude report" vyakthamaakkunnath
2008ll ekadesham 60,000 itaaliyan pourathvam maatti; avaril bhooribhaagavum vadakkan italiyil ninnullavaraan (74 sathamaanam), avar germmany datheduttha rajyamaayi (motham kudiyettakkaaril 12 sathamaanam) thiranjedutthu. eyar rajistriyil rajisttar cheythavar anusarichu videshathu thamasikkunna itaaliyan pouranmaarude ennam
bhookhandam anusarichu.
aphrica.
itaaliyanmaar valia thothil dakshinaafrikkayilekku kudiyeriyillengilum avide ethiyavar rajyath swaadheenam cheluthiyittundu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbu, thaarathamyena kurachu itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar maathrame athiyirunnulloovenkilum keppinte aadya pradhaanamantri joonn molteno polulla chila pradhana apavaadangal undaayirunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu dakshinaafrikkan italikkaar valia thalakkettukal srishtichu, itaaliyan kizhakkan aafrikkayil italikkaar pidikkappettappol, avare yudhathadavukaaraayi (poves) thadavilaakkaan surakshithamaaya oru shakthikendrathilekku ayaykkendathundu. dakshinaafrikkayaayirunnu ettavum anuyojyamaaya lakshyasthanam, 1941ll aadyathe poow darbanil ethi. 1970kalude thudakkathil, dakshinaafrikkayil 40,000-thiladhikam itaaliyan vamshajar undaayirunnu, avar pravishyakaliludaneelam chitharikkidannu, pakshe pradhana nagarangalil kendreekarichaayirunnu. rodeshyayudeyum mattu aafrikkan samsthaanangaludeyum kolanivalkkaranatthil ninnu rakshappett eee itaaliyakkaaril chilar dakshinaafrikkayil abhayam thediyirunnu. 1990kalil, itaaliyan dakshinaafrikkakkaarkk oru prathisandhi ghattam aarambikkukayum palarum europilekku madangukayum cheythu; ennirunnaalum, bhooribhaagavum samakaalika dakshinaafrikkayile bahujaatheeya samoohavumaayi vijayakaramaayi samyojippikkappettu. itaaliyan samoohathil 77,400-ladhikam aalukal (dakshinaafrikkayile janasamkhyayude%) ulppedunnu, avaril pakuthiyolam perkkum itaaliyan pourathvam undu. pradhaanamaayum johannesburgil thamasikkunna veneeshyan vamshajarude ennam ekadesham 5,000 aanu, athesamayam ettavum kooduthal itaaliyan praadeshika samoohangal thekkan samoohangalaanu. 2007ll dakshinaafrikkayil thamasikkunna 28,059 italikkaar eratta pourathvam ulla dakshinaafrikkakkaar ozhike audyogika itaaliyan rajistriyilaanu rekhappeduthiyittullathu.
itaaliyan kolanikalaaya erithriya, ethiopia, libia, somalia ennividangalil aafrikkan pradeshangalil itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude saannidhyam valare kooduthalaayirunnu.
1911ll itali raajyam automan saamraajyathinethire yuddham cheyyukayum libia oru kolaniyaayi pidichedukkukayum cheythu. itaaliyan kudiyettakkaare libiayilekku varaan prolsaahippikkukayum 1911 muthal randaam lokamahaayudham aarambikkunnathuvare angane cheyyukayum cheythu. muppath varshathinullil (1911-1940) libiayile itaaliyakkaar ganyamaaya alavil pothupravartthanangal (roadukal, railway, kettidangal, thuramukhangal muthalaayava) nirmmichu.) libian sambadvyavastha abhivridhippettu. 1925ll aadyamaayi trypolic purathulla oru racing sarcutil nadanna anthaaraashtra motor racing ivantaaya tripoly grand prix polum avar srishtichu (ithu 1940 vare neenduninnu). itaaliyan karshakar niravadhi noottaandukalaayi thaddesheeya marubhoomiyilekku madangiyethiya bhoomiyil krishi cheyyukayum itaaliyan libiayude krishi anthaaraashtra nilavaaratthilekku mechappeduthukayum cheythu (puthiya phaam gramangal srishtichathinusheshavum). 1940ll itali randaam lokamahaayudhathil praveshichappol libiyayil ekadesham 150,000 itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarundaayirunu, ithu itaaliyan libiayile motham janasamkhyayude 18 sathamaanamaanu. libiayile itaaliyanmaar mikka pradhana nagarangalaya tripoli (nagaratthinte 37 sathamaanam itaaliyan aayirunnu), bengazi (31 sathamaanam), hunn (3 sathamaanam) ennividangalil thaamasichirunnu (palarum ippozhum cheiyunnu). 1946 nuu sesham avarude ennam kuranju. itaaliyan kandethalum asamskritha enna, superhivakel, jalasechanam, vaidyuthi ennivayude verthirichedukkalilum ulppaadanathilum saankethika vaidagdhyavum ulppedunna yudhathile kolla france ukyum etteduthu. 1970 october 7 nuu muammar gadafi oru attimariyiloode adikaaram pidichedutthathinu oru varshathinu sesham 1970 ll libiayile mikka itaaliyan nivaasikaleyum rajyath ninnu puratthaakkiyenkilum 2000-kalil (dashakam) noorukanakkinu itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar libiayilekku madangi.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu somaliayil 50,000 itaaliyan somali kudiyettakkaarundaayirunu, ithu itaaliyan somalilandile motham janasamkhyayude 5 sathamaanamaanu. thalasthaanamaaya mogaadishuvil 10,000 tholam aalukal thamasikkunna itaaliyan janatha eee pradeshatthinte madhya, thekkan bhaagangalile mikka pradhana nagarangalilum thaamasichirunnu. abruzi rajakumaaranaaya itaaliyan rajakumaran luigi amedio sthaapicha jauhaar aayirunnu kudiyettatthinte mattu pradhana pradeshangal. itaaliyan oru pradhana bhashayaayirunnu, pakshe swaathanthryathethudarna athinte swaadheenam ganyamaayi kuranju. pazhaya thalamurakalkidayilaanu ithu ippol kooduthalaayi kelkkunnathu.
muun itaaliyan samoohangalum orikkal aafrikkayude kombil abhivridhi praapichu, 1935 ll 50,000 oolam itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar erithriyayil thaamasichu. itaaliyan erythrian janasamkhya onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu 4,000 ll ninnu randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkathil ekadesham 100,000 aayi uyarnnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil erithriyayile itaaliyan kolanivalkkaranatthinte thudakkam muthal avarude poorvvikar undengilum 1930 kalil maathramaan avar valia thothil sthirathaamasamaakkiyathu. 1939leeii erithriya sensus prakaram 76,000-thiladhikam erythrian itaaliyan vamshajar undaayirunnu, avaril bhooribhaagavum asmaarayilaan thaamasikkunnath (nagaratthile motham 93,000 peril 53,000 perr). 1941 novemberil sakhyakakshikal keezhadakkiya sesham niravadhi itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar avarude kolaniyil ninnu purathukadannu, 1946 aayappozhekkum avar 38,000 aayi churungi. ithil mishrita itaaliyan, erythrian vamshajaraaya janasamkhyayum ulppedunnu; ippozhum erithriyayil thamasikkunna mikka itaaliyan erithriyanmaarum eee mishrita groupil ninnullavaraan. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham avasheshikkunna itaaliyanmaaril palarum kolanivalkkarana prakriyayil thaamasikkukayum yadhaarthathil erythrian samoohavumaayi swaamsheekarikkappedukayum cheythuvenkilum, avaril chilar innu raajyamillaathavaraan, kaaranam vivaahathiloodeyo allengil apoorvvamaayi, sarkkar avarkk pourathvam nalkiyathiloodeyo allathe avaril arcum pourathvam nalkiyittilla.
pathonpathaam noottaandil italiyil ninnu ethiopiyayilekku kudiyeriya kudiyettakkaarum avarude pingaamikalumaan ethiopiayile itaaliyanmaar. 1936ll itaaliyan adhinivesham abyssinia keezhadakkiyathinushesham mikka itaaliyanmaarum ethiopiyayilekku thamasam maari. 1936 venalkkaalath itaaliyan ethiopia harrar, gaala-sidamo, amhara, siova govarnarettukal enniva upayogichu nirmmikkappedukayum itaaliyan kolaniyaaya itaaliyan kizhakkan aafrikkayude bhaagamaayi maarukayum cheythu. edhiyopiyayude itaaliyan adhinivesha samayat ekadesham 300,000 itaaliyanmaar itaaliyan kizhakkan aafrikkayil (1936-1941) sthirathaamasamaakki. 1939ll 49,000-thiladhikam perr (nagaratthile janasamkhyayude ekadesham 10 sathamaanam) asmaarayil thaamasikkukayum 38,000-thiladhikam perr addis abebayil thaamasikkukayum cheythu. swaathanthryathinushesham, chila itaaliyan chakravarty selasi poornnamaayi mapp nalki pathittaandukalolam thudarnnu, ennaal oduvil 1974 leeii ethiopian aabhyantharayudham kaaranam ekadesham 22,000 itaaliyan-ethiopianmaar raajyam vittu. 2007 ll 80 yadhaartha itaaliyan kolanikkaar jeevichirippundu, koodaathe itaaliyanmaarudeyum edhiyopiyanmaarudeyum 2000 oolam mishra pingaamikalum. 2000-kalil, chila itaaliyan kambanikal ethiopiyayil pravartthikkaan madangiyethi, pradhaanamaayum thalasthaanathe metropolittan pradeshathu thamasikkunna dhaaraalam itaaliyan saankethika vidagtharum maanejarmaarum avarude kudumbangalodoppam ethi.
eejipt, tunisia, moroco, simbabwe, aljiriya thudangiya itaaliyan kolanikalaayirunna pradeshangalil polum itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude saannidhyam prakadamaayirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil tunisiayile aadyathe itaaliyakkaar pradhaanamaayum puthiya avasarangal thedunna vyaapaarikalum professionalukalumaayirunnu, avar liguriyayil ninnum vadakkan italiyude mattu pradeshangalil ninnum vannavaraayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, pradhaanamaayum sisili, sardinia ennividangalil ninnu pathinaayirakkanakkin itaaliyan kudiyettam tunisiaykku labhichu. thalphalamaayi, irupathaam noottaandinte aadya varshangalil tunisiayil 100,000-thiladhikam itaaliyan nivaasikal undaayirunnu. 1926ll tunisiayil 100,000 itaaliyanmaarundaayirunnu, 70,000 franchukaarumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol (tunisia oru franch samrakshitha rajyamaayathinaal asaadhaaranam). 1946leeii sensus prakaram tunisiayile itaaliyan janasamkhya 84,935 aayirunnu, ennaal 1959ll (fraansil ninnu swaathanthryam labhichathinushesham niravadhi itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar italiyilekko francileco pooyitt 3 varshathinu sesham) 51,702 perr maathrame undaayirunnulloo, 1969ll 10,000ll thaazhe maathrame undaayirunnulloo. 2005leeii kanakkanusarichu 900 perr maathramaan pradhaanamaayum tyoonikalude metropolittan pradeshathu kendreekarichirikkunnu. tunisile itaaliyan embassy parayunnathanusarichu, tunisiayude vividha pradeshangalil itaaliyan kambanikalil professionalukalaayum saankethika vidagtharaayum jolie cheiyunna 2,000 itaaliyan pouranmaar thaalkkaalika thaamasakkaaraan. 
madhyakaalakhattathil italiyile (pradhaanamaayum pisa, genova, amalfi) "maaridaim republicukalil" ninnulla itaaliyan samoohangal eejiptil vyaapaarikalaayi undaayirunnu. navothaanam muthal eejipthinte charithratthilum vaanijyathilum venis republic ellaayppozhum undaayirunnu keyroyil oru "veneeshyan quarter" polum undaayirunnu. nepolian onnaamante kaalam muthal, itaaliyan eejipthukar valia thothil valaraan thudangi randaam lokamahaayudhathinu thottumunbu samoohathinte valippam ekadesham 55,000 aayi uyarnnu, ithu eejipthile randaamathe valia kudiyetta samoohamaayi maari. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, eejipthile mattu pala videsha samoohangaleyum pole, italiyilekkum padinjaarilekkum thirichulla kudiyettam yudhakaala thadankalum paashchaathyarkkethiraaya naasarist desheeyathayude uyarchayum kaaranam samoohathinte valuppam valareyadhikam kuranju. yudhaanantharam eejipthile parajayappetta itaaliyan vipuleekaranavumaayi bandhapetta itaaliyan samoohathile niravadhi amgangal sthalam marran nirbandhitharaayi, itaaliyan eejipthukaare kuraykkunnathinum kaanathaakunnathinumulla oru prakriya aarambhichu. 1952nuu sesham itaaliyan eejipthukar 1940leeii 60,000thil ninnu eathaanum aayirangalaayi churungi. 1950kalilum 1960kalilum mikka itaaliyan egypthukaarum italiyilekku madangiyethiyenkilum kurachu itaaliyan vamshajar alexandriayilum keyroyilum thaamasikkunnu. 2007 avasaanathode eejipthile audyogika itaaliyan vamshajar 3,374 (1,980 kudumbangal) aayirunnu.
simbabweyile itaaliyan vaasasthalathinte ettavum pazhaya pradesham 1906 ll sambannanaaya itaaliyan lefttanant margerito gwidoti oru group settilment padhathiyaayi "sinoya"-innathe chinhoi-aayi sthaapichu, addeham niravadhi itaaliyan kudumbangale eee pradeshathu sthirathaamasamaakkaan prothsaahippichu. netjasaikku chakravartthiyude moonnaamathe makanaaya lukulubayude (sesuru mukhuroovayaakki dushippicha) makanaanennu vishwasikkappedunna losvi/rosvi thalavanaaya tjinoyil ninnaan sinoria enna peru uruthirinjathu. vellakkaar kalanga (losvi/rosvi peru) sinoya ennum pinneedu sinhoi ennum maatti. mattu simbaabvekalkkoppam, itaaliyan vamshajaraaya asamamaya ennam aalukal ippol videshathu thaamasikkunnu, avaril palarum eratta itaaliyan allengil britiish pourathvam kaivashappeduthiyittundu. raajyathinte saambathika velluvilikal enthuthanneyaayaalum, simbabweyil ippozhum ganyamaaya itaaliyan janasamkhyayundu. velutha simbabwe janasamkhyayude oru bhaagathil kooduthal orikkalum ulppedunnillengilum, itaalo-simbabwecar hospitaalitti, riyal estettu, tourism, bhakshya paaneeya vyavasaayangal ennivayil nannayi prathinidheekarikkunnu. bhooribhaagavum 2012ll 9,000thiladhikam (nagaratthile janasamkhyayude oru sathamaanathil thaazhe) ulla hararel thaamasikkumbol 30,000thiladhikam perr kooduthalum yuke, dakshinaafrikka, canada, itali, austreliya ennividangalil thaamasikkunnu.
itaaliyan maaridaim republicukalude kaalathaanu morocoyile aadyathe itaaliyan saannidhyam, republic oof venees, republic oof genova ennividangalile niravadhi vyapaarikal magrib theerathu sthirathaamasamaakki. eee saannidhyam pathonpathaam noottaand vare nilaninnu. franch morocoyil itaaliyan samoohathinu sradheyamaaya oru vikasanamundaayirunnu; ithinakam thanne 1913 leeii sensasil ekadesham 3,500 itaaliyanmaar rajisttar cheyyappettu, mikkavarum ellaavarum casablancayil kendreekarichirikkunnu, kooduthalum khanana thozhilaallikalaayum nirmmaana thozhilaallikalaayum jolie cheiyunnu. itaaliyan skoolinte saannidhyam theliyikkunnathupole, oru pradhana samooham undaayirunna oru anthaaraashtra nagaramaya taanjiyarilozhike, spanish morocoyil ulppeduthiyittulla refill itaaliyan saannidhyam valare kuravaayirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham morocoyile itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude ennam 12,000 aayi vardhichu, avar thozhilaalikalkkidayilum karshakar, avidagdha thozhilaallikal, ishtikappanikkaar, oopparettarmaar ennee nilakalilum jolie cheythirunnu. 1930kalil, sisilian vamshajar aaya itaaliyan-morocan vamshajar 15,600-ladhikam ennathil pradhaanamaayum kaasaablaankayile marif jillayilaan thaamasichirunnathu. kolanivalkkaranathode mikka itaaliyan morokkaarum fransilekkum speyinilekkum moroco vittu. 1970-kalilum 1980-kalilum vyaavasaayika saankethika vidagtharudeyum vinodasanchaarathinteyum anthaaraashtra sahakarana maanejarmaarudeyum varavode samooham veendum valaraan thudangiyenkilum valare parimithamayi thudarunnu.
itaaliyan maaridaim republicukalude kaalathaanu aljeeriyayile aadyathe itaaliyan saannidhyam, republic oof venees-leeii chila vyapaarikal central magreb theerathu sthirathaamasamaakkiyathu. aadyathe itaaliyakkaar aljiyarukalilum kizhakkan aljeeriyayilum, prathyekichu annabayilum konstaantainilum veroonniyirunnu. oru cheria nyoonapaksham noottaandukalaayi spanish samooham ganyamaayi nilaninnirunna ooraanilekku pooyi. eee aadya itaaliyan (1,000 ennu kanakkaakkappedunnu) karshakarude oru cheria saannidyamulla vyaapaarikalum karakaushalathozhilaalikalumaayinu. 1830ll france aljiriya pidichadakkiyappol, athinte aadya sensus (1833ll nadatthiya) ll 1,100ladhikam italikkaar aljiyarukalilum annabayilum kendreekarichirunnu. franchukaarude varavode italiyil ninnulla deshaadana ozhukk ganyamaayi vardhichu 1836-ll itaaliyakkaar 1,800 aayum 1846-ll 8,100 aayum 1855-ll 9,000 aayum 1864-ll 12,000 aayum 1866-ll 16,500 aayum valarnnu. aljeeriyayile videshikalkkidayil itaaliyanmaar oru pradhana samoohamaayirunnu. 1889-ll, ellah europian kudiyettakkaareyum ("pieds-noyers") oru "aljeeri franchisee" ykkaayulla rashtreeya samavaayathil ekeekarikkunnathinaayi videsha thaamasakkaarkk, kooduthalum speyinil ninno italiyil ninno kudiyeriyavarkku franch pourathvam nalki. aduthide keezhadakkiya aljeeriyayil europian samkhyaaparamaaya saannidhyam vardhippikkaanum athe samayam ayalrajyamaaya tunisiayilum orupakshe aljeeriyayilum itaaliyan koloniyalisatthinte abhilaashangal parimithappedutthaanum thadayaanum franchukaar aagrahichu. thalphalamaayi, aljeeriyayile itaaliyan samooham 1886-ll 44,000-ll ninnu 1891-ll 39,000-lake 1896-ll 35,000-lake kurayaan thudangi. 1906-leeii sensus prakaram aljeeriyayile 12,000 itaaliyanmaar swaabhaavika franchukaaraayi rajisttar cheyyappettu, itaaliyan tunisiakkaaril ninnu valare vyathyasthamaaya manobhaavam prakadippikkukayum maathrraajyavumaayulla abhedyamaaya bandhathodu kooduthal sensitiivu aakukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, itaaliyan aljeeriyakkaar franch "pieds-noyarukalude" vidhi pinthudarnnu, prathyekichu aljeeriyan yudhathinte varshangalil, valia thothil italiyilekku madangi. 1960kalil fraansil ninnu aljiriya swaathanthryam nediyathinu thottupinnaale itaaliyan samoohathil ekadesham 18,000 aalukal sthiratha pulartthiyirunnu, mikkavarum ellaavarum thalasthaanathu thaamasichirunnu, ithu churungiya samayathinullil 500-600 aalukalayi kuranju.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar aafrikkayile porchugees kolanikalil (angola, mosambik) thaamasichu. porchugees sarkkar europil ninnulla kudiyettatthiloode cheria porchugees janasamkhyaye vardhippikkaan shramichappol, itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar kramena angolan, mosambik porchugees samoohathilekku swaamsheekarichu.
america.
itaaliyan naavikarum paryavekshakarum europpukaar amerikkayude paryaveshanatthilum kudiyettatthilum pradhana punk vahichu. genois paryavekshakanaaya christopher columbus (Кристоер олумс) speyinile catholica raajaakkanmaarkkaayi atlaantik samudrathiludaneelam naalu yathrakal poortthiyaakki, ithu amerikkayude vyapakamaaya europian paryaveshanathinum kolanivalkkaranathinum vazhiyorukki. mattoru itaaliyan joonn cabot (), thante makan sebaastiyanumaayi chernnu pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil henry VII-naayi vadakke amerikkayude kizhakkan kadaltheeram paryavekshanam cheythu. 1501ll porchugalilekk kappal yaatra cheytha american vamshajanaaya vespuchi, puthiya lokam (prathyekichu brazeel) thudakkathil anumaanichathupole eshyayallennum marichu pazhaya lokathile aalukalkk munbu ariyaatha naalaamathe bhookhandamaanennum aadyamaayi theliyichu americaykku addehathinte peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath. 1524-ll florentin paryavekshakanaaya jiovanni daa verasano innathe american aikyanaadukalude atlaantik theeram mapp cheyyukayum newyork ulkkadalil praveshikkukayum cheytha aadyathe yooropyanaayirunnu. speyinilum fraansilum jolie cheiyunna niravadhi itaaliyan naavigettarmaarum paryavekshakarum avarude pradeshangal paryavekshanam cheiyunnathilum mapp cheiyunnathilum vaasasthalangal sthaapikkunnathilum earppettirunnu; ennaal ithu amerikkayil itaaliyakkaarude sthiramaaya saannidhyathilekku nayichilla.
amerikkayilekku poya aadyathe itaaliyakkaar pathinaram noottaandil thanne spanish saamraajyathinte pradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. transocianic maaridaim naavigeshanumaayi bandhapetta pravarthanangalilum bisinassukalilum pravarthicha republic oof genovayil ninnulla ligurianmaaraayirunnu avar pradhaanamaayum. 1830kalil buenos airs, montevideo nagarangalil ganyamaaya itaaliyan kolanikal uyarnnuvannappol rioo dii laa plaita mekhalayile ozhukk vardhichu. 1861ll italiyude ekeekaranathinushesham, pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasana dashakangalil 110,000-thiladhikam itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar ethiya italiyil ninnu urugvaayilekkulla sradheyamaaya kudiyettam uyarnnu. 1976ll itaaliyan vamshajaraaya urugvaayan vamshajarude ennam 15 lakshathiladhikam (motham janasamkhyayude 44 sathamaanam) aayirunnu.
amerikkayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte pratheekathmaka arambha theeyathi 1854 juun 28 aanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, palermoyil ninnulla irupathiyaaru divasathe yaathraykk sesham, neeravi kappalaya sisilia newyork nagaratthinte thuramukhathu ethi. itaaliyan upadveepil aadyamaayi oru samsthaanathinte pathaaka paratthunna oru neeraavikkappal, eee saahacharyathil rund sisilikalude raajyam, yuu. ezz. theerangalil ethi. rund varsham munbu, peedmond-sardiniyayile rajaavu immaanuval randaamanaayirunnu pradhana ohari udama, "puthiya lokathodoppam atlaantik neeravi naavigeshan kambani" genovayil sthaapikkappettu. melpparanja association valia eratta steemshippukal "genova", "torino" enniva yathaakramam epril 12 num meyy 21 num vikshepicha blackwall kappalsaalakalilekku kammeeshan cheythu, iva randum italiyum america thammilulla samudra bandhatthinaayi uddeshichullathaanu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthi muthal irupathaam noottaandinte aadya dashakangal vare amerikkayilekkulla kudiyettam ganyamaayirunnu. faasisathinte kaalath athu eathaandu illaathaayengilum randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinu thottupinnaale oru cheria punarujjeevanamundayi. amerikkayilekkulla vanthothilulla itaaliyan kudiyettam 1960-kalil itaaliyan saambathika athbhuthathinu sesham avasaanichu, ennirunnaalum ithu canadayilum amerikkayilum 1980 vare thudarnnu.
spaanishinoppam arjanteenayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettam arjanteeniyan samoohathinte nattellayi maari. pathinezhaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil thanne itaaliyanmaarude cheria grouppukal arjanteenayilekku kudiyeraan thudangi. ennirunnaalum, 1880 num 1920 num idayil itali saamoohikavum saambathikavumaaya aswasthathakal neridumbol arjanteenayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte ozhukk oru bahujana prathibhasamaayi maari. bhasha, achaarangal, paarambaryangal ennivayude kaaryatthil itaaliyan samskaaravumaayi plattiniyan samskaarathin kaaryamaaya bandhamund. janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 1> vare, allengil 25 dasalaksham arjanteeniyakkaarkku poornnamo bhaagikamo aaya itaaliyan vamshaparambarayundennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. spanish kudiyettakkaarude pingamikaleppolum marikadannu aadhunika arjanteenayile ettavum valia eaka vamseeya uthbhavamaan itaaliyan. itaaliyan aabhyanthara manthraalayathinte kanakkanusarichu, eratta pourathvam ulla arjanteeniyakkaar ulppede 527,570 itaaliyan pouranmaar arjanteeniyan republicil thaamasikkunnu.
italikku purathu poornnamo bhaagikamo aaya itaaliyan vamshajaraaya ettavum kooduthal aalukal itaaliyan brazilian vamshajaraanu, lokathile ettavum janasamkhyayulla itaaliyan vamshajaraaya nagaramaan saavo poulo. thekkukizhakkan samsthaanamaaya minas gerais muthal thekke attathulla samsthaanamaaya rioo grande doow sul vare dasalakshakkanakkinu itaaliyan pingaamikale kandethaan kazhiyunnu, bhooribhaagavum saavo poulo samsthaanathum ettavum kooduthal sathamaanam thekkukizhakkan samsthaanamaaya espiritto saantoyilum (60-75%) thaamasikkunnu. nova veneza polulla cheria thekkan brazilian pattanangalil itaaliyan vamshajaraaya aalukale apekshichu janasamkhyayude 95 sathamaanavum undu.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil 1900 num 1913 num idayil 60,000-thiladhikam itaaliyanmaar kaanadayilekk thamasam maariyappol kaanadayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude ganyamaaya varavu aarambhichu. 1914 num 1918 num edayilulla yudhakaalakhattathil ekadesham 40,000 itaaliyanmaar kaanadayilekk vannu, pradhaanamaayum thekkan italiyil ninnu, saambathika maandyavum amita janasamkhyayum niravadhi kudumbangale daaridryathilaakki. 1950kalude thudakkathinum 1960kalude madhyathinum idayil oro varshavum ekadesham 20,000 muthal 30,000 vare itaaliyanmaar kaanadayilekk kudiyeri. nova skottiyayile halifaxile piyar 21,1928-num 1971-num idayil pravartthanam nirthunnathuvare itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte swaadheenamulla oru thuramukhamaayirunnu, avide 471,940 vyakthikal italiyil ninnu kaanadayilekk vannu, aaa kaalayalavil kaanadayilekk kudiyeriya moonnaamathe valia vamseeya vibhaagamaayi avare maatti. ekadesham <aii. dii. 1> itaaliyanmaar ontaariyo pravisyayil thaamasikkunnu, ithu itaaliyan pravaasikalude sakthamaaya aagola praathinidyamaakki maattunnu. udaaharanathinu, ontaariyoyile hamiltonil ekadesham 24,000 thaamasakkaarund, sisiliyile sahodari nagaramaya racklemuttoyumaayi bandhamund. torrentoic vadakkulla vaaghan nagaratthilum vaaghanu vadakkulla raajaavinte pattanathilumaanu kaanadayile ettavum kooduthal itaaliyan janasamkhyayulla rund nagarangal, oro samudaayathinteyum motham janasamkhyayude yathaakramam 26.5%, 35.1%.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal 1930 vare, itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude pradhana lakshyasthaanamaayirunnu america, bhooribhaagavum aadyam newyork metropolittan pradeshathu sthirathaamasamaakki, ennaal mattu pradhana itaaliyan american samoohangal boosttan, philadelphia, chikkago, cleveland, detroit, sent. luis, pittsburg, baltimore, saan francisco, providence, nyoo oorliyans. amerikkayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettakkaaril bhooribhaagavum italiyude thekkan pradeshangalil ninnaan vannath, athaayath campania, apoolia, basilicatta, calabria, sisili. amerikkayilekku vannavaril palarum cheria bhoovudamakalaayirunnu. 1880num 1914num idayil 4 dashalakshathiladhikam itaaliyanmaar amerikkayilekku kudiyeri. itaaliyan amerikkakkar avarude irukiya communitykalkkum vamseeya abhimaanathinum perukettavaraanu, koodaathe aadhunika yuu. esinte vikasanathil valareyadhikam swaadheenam cheluthiyittundu.ezz. samskaaram, prathyekichu raajyathinte vadakkukizhakkan mekhalayil. itaaliyan american samoohangale palappozhum yuu. esil chithreekarichittundu.ezz. niravadhi kathaapaathrangal pradhaanamaayum samsaarikkunna engleeshinte itaaliyan swaadheenamulla vyathyasthamaaya bhaashaabhedangalulla sinimayum television. palarum itaaliyan nannayi samsaarikkunnillenkilum, 2000 leeii us sensus prakaram oru dashalakshathiladhikam aalukal ippozhum veettil itaaliyan samsaarikkunnu. itaaliyan american stadees associationte kanakkanusarichu, itaaliyan amerikkakkaarude janasamkhya ekadesham 18 dasalakshamaanu, ithu american aikyanaadukalile motham janasamkhyayude ekadesham 5.4 sathamaanamaanu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham vikasicha veneswelayilaanu mattoru sradheyamaaya itaaliyan samooham. motham janasamkhyayude 6 sathamaanathiladhikam varunna kuranjathu oru itaaliyan poorvvikarulla ekadesham 5 dasalaksham venaswelakkaar undu. itaaliyan-veneswellan vamshajar aadhunika veneswellen samoohathil ganyamaaya phalangal kaivarichittundu. enna mekhalayumaayi bandhamillaattha veneswellen vyavasayangalil naalilonn prathyakshamaayo parokshamaayo itaaliyan-veneswellen udamasthathayilullatho pravartthippikkunnatho aanennu itaaliyan embassy kanakkakkunnu.
italiyude ekeekaranathinushesham italiyil ninnu urugvaayilekkulla ganyamaaya kudiyettam undaayi, pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasana dashakangalil 110,000-thiladhikam itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar athiyappol athu athinte unnathiyilethi. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil deshaadana ozhukk theernnuthudangi. 1976ll, itaaliyan vamshajaraaya urugvaayanmaarkku aii. dii. 1ll kooduthal ennam undaayirunnu. ettavum kooduthal saandrata kaanappedunnath montevideoyilum, ekadesham 65 sathamaanam nivaasikalum itaaliyan vamshajaraaya peysaandu nagaratthilum aanu.
niravadhi itaaliyan-meksikkan nivaasikal veracruz (huvattasko), saan luis potosi ennee samsthaanangalile avarude poorvvikar sthaapicha nagarangalilaanu thaamasikkunnath. brestiayile gamberil ninnulla daante kusi sthaapicha newa itaaliya, mikokaan, lombardia, mikokaan ennividangalile muun hassendasilum (ippol nagarangal), gwaanaajuvaattoyilum meksikoo samsthaanathum cheria ennam itaaliyan-meksikkan nivaasikal thaamasikkunnu. kvintaana ruu samsthaanathe pleya dell carmen, mahahuwal, kansun ennivaykkum italiyil ninnu ganyamaaya ennam kudiyettakkaar labhichittund. thozhilaallikalude kuravu pariharikkunnathinayi itaaliyan-meksikkan vamshajaraaya niravadhi kudumbangalkk brasero prograaminu keezhil amerikkayil pourathvam nalki. itaaliyan kambanikal meksikkoyil pradhaanamaayum vinodasanjaara, hospitaalitti vyavasayangalil nikshepam nadathiyittundu. eee samrambhangal chilappol vaasasthalangalilekku nayichittundenkilum thamasakkaar praadhamikamaayi resort pradesangalaaya riviyera maaya, baja california, puerto vallarta, kaankan ennividangalilaanu thaamasikkunnath.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil, thekkan italiyil ninnu (prathyekichu salerno pravisyayil ninnum basilicatta, calabria pradeshangalil ninnum) niravadhi itaaliyakkaar kolambiyayiletthi, kolambiyayude vadakkan theerathu ethi eee bahujana kudiyettam baadhicha aadyathe kendram barankviyaayirunnu. innu chila parishkkaranangalode sweekaricha kolambiyayude aadyathe samboornna bhoopadangalilonnu 1849-ll bogottayilethiya mattoru itaaliyan augustino kodasiyaanu neratthe thayyarakkiyathu. veneswela colonia toverumaayi cheythathinte maathrkayil kenal augustin kodasi itaaliyakkaarude oru kaarshika koolani sthaapikkaan nirddeshichu, ennaal chila gadakangal athine thadanju.
eee thekke american raajyathin labhicha ettavum valia kudiyetta pravaahangalilonnaanu paragvaayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettam. spaniardukalkku sesham raajyathe randaamathe valia kudiyetta vibhagamaanu paaraagveyile itaaliyan vamshajar. itaaliyan embassy kanakkukoottunnath ekadesham 40 sathamaanam paragvayanmaarkkum sameepakaalavum vidooravumaaya itaaliyan verukalundennaanu ekadesham aii. dii. 1 paragvaayanmaar paragvaayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude pingaamikalaan. varshangal kazhiyunthorum, itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude pingaamikal republicinte presidency, vais presidency, praadeshika bharanakoodangal, kongras thudangiya raajyathinte pothujeevithatthil pradhana sthaanangal vahikkaan vannu.
itaaliyan koostaa rikkanmaaril bhooribhaagavum cotto brus kantoninte thalasthaana nagariyaya saan vittoyilaan thaamasikkunnath. itaaliyan pouranmaareyum avarude pingaamikaleyum rajyath "tutiless" ennu vilikkunnu. chila itaaliyan-koostaa rickens raashtreeyarangathu uyarnna thalangalilethiyenkilum 1920kalilum 1930kalilum itaaliyan samoohathinte praadhaanyam vardhichu. colonial kaalam muthal saan josile oru genois kudumbatthil ninnulla pingamiyaaya juulioo akoosta garzia 1920 muthal 1924 vare koostaa rikkayude presidentaayi sevanamanushtichu.
europian peruviyanmaaril, itaaliyan peruvians aayirunnu rajyath sthirathaamasamaakkiya randaamathe valia kudiyettakkaar. oru swatantra peruvilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte aadya tharamgam sambhavichathu 1840-1866 ("gwano" yugam) kaalaghattatthilaanu eee kaalayalavil 15,000 ll kurayaatha itaaliyanmaar peruviletthi (rajisttar cheyyaatha itaaliyanmaare ennaathe) pradhaanamaayum theeradesha nagarangalil, prathyekichu limayilum kaalaavoyilum sthaapichu. avar kooduthalum vadakkan samsthaanangalil ninnaan (liguria, peedmond, tuscani, lombardy) vannath. 1851ll giuseppe garibaldi milan kalaapathil pankeduttha mattu itaaliyanmaaraaya giuseppe eboli, stebaan sikoli, antonio reymondi, arigony thudangiyavarum peruviletthi.
chiliyilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar prathyekichu kaapittan pastein, angol, lumaco, temuco ennividangalilum valpariso, kansepsiyoon, chillan, valdivia, osorno ennividangalilum sthirathaamasamaakki. chiliyile sradheyamaaya itaaliyan swaadheenangalilonnu, udaaharanathinu, chilian raashtreeyakkaar, bisinasukaar, budhijeevikal ennivarude oru anupaathathil ganyamaaya ennam itaaliyan kudumbapperukal, avaril palarum kaastiliyan-bask varenyavargathil parasparam vivaham kazhichu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil itaaliyanmaarude aadya tharamgam colonial chiliyil athiyathumuthal, madhya thaazhvarayile haasendakalil ninnulla lokaprashasta chilian vainukalude vikasanathinum krishikkum udamasthaavakaashathinum itaaliyan chiliyanmaar sambhavana nalki.
gwatimala itaaliyan kudiyettam republican kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil maathramaan sthiramaayi aarambhichath. gwatimala aadyathe itaaliyanmaaril oralaaya jeronimo mansinelli, 1847-ll saan marcosil (gwatimala) thaamasichirunna oru itaaliyan kaappi karshakanaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1873-ll justo rufino barrios sarkkaarinte keezhil itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude aadya tharamgam vannu, eee kudiyettakkaar kooduthalum gwatimala prakrithidathavum vishalavumaaya uyarnna pradeshangalude sambathu aakarshikkunna karshakaraayirunnu. avaril bhooribhaagavum kvettsaaltenaango, gwatimala nagarangalil sthirathaamasamaakki.
cubayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettam amerikkayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte mattu tharamgangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol (dasalakshakkanakkinu aalukal arjanteena, veneswella, brazeel, america ennividangalilekku pooyi) cheruthaayirunnu (eathaanum ayiram kudiyettakkaar). pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil maathramaan cubayil oru cheria itaaliyan samooham vikasichathu avar kooduthalum samskaaramulla aalukalum aarkkidekttukalum enchineeyarmaarum chithrakaaranmaarum kalakaaranmaarum avarude kudumbangalumaayirunnu.
caribean raajyathinte charithratthil itaaliyan dominicanmaar mudra pathippichittundu. 1889-ll ettavum pazhaya dominican pathratthinte adithara oru itaaliyan kruthiyaayirunnu, athesamayam dominican republicinte naavikasenayude sthaapanam genois vyaapaari jiovanni baattista cambiosoyude srishtiyaayirunnu. oduvil, dominican republicinte presidentinte kottaaratthinte roopakalppana, soundaryaparamaayum gadanaaparamaayum, oru itaaliyan enchineeyaraaya guido dii alessandroyude srishtiyaayirunnu. 2010ll itaaliyan vamshajaraaya dominikkanmaarude ennam ekadesham 300,000 aayirunnu (dominican republicinte motham janasamkhyayude ekadesham 3 sathamaanathinu thulyamaanu), athesamayam caribean rajyath thamasikkunna itaaliyan pouranmaarude ennam 50,000 aayirunnu, pradhaanamaayum bokka chikka, santiago dii loss caballeros, laa romana, thalasthaanamaaya saanto domingo ennividangalil kendreekarichaayirunnu. itaaliyan vamsajarum itaaliyan jananam kanakkiledukkumbol dominican republicile itaaliyan samooham caribean mekhalayile ettavum valuthaanu. 
itaaliyan salvadorance ell salvadorile ettavum valia europian kammyoonittikalilonnaan, koodaathe madhya americayileyum kareebiyanileyum ettavum valia onnaanu, athupole thanne amerikkayude ettavum valia saamoohikavum saamskaarikavumaaya bharamullah onnaanu. itaaliyanmaar salvadoran samoohathe shakthamayi swaadheenikkukayum raajyathinte swathuathinte nirmmaanatthil pankedukkukayum cheythittundu. adisthaana soukaryangal, paachakareeti, vidyaabhyaasam, nritham, mattu vyathyaasangal ennivayaal itaaliyan samskaaram verthirichariyappedunnu, itaaliyan vamshajaraaya niravadhi sradheyamaaya saalvadoranmaarund. 2009 leeii kanakkanusarichu, ell salvadorile itaaliyan samooham audyogikamaayi 2,300 itaaliyan pouranmaaraanu, athesamayam itaaliyan vamshajaraaya salvadoran pouranmaar 200,000 kavinju.
pathonpathaam noottaandinum irupathaam noottaandinum idayil panaama kanaalinte nirmmaanatthil aakrishtaraaya itaaliyan vamshajaraanu pradhaanamaayum itaaliyan panamakkaar. 1880-ll itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte tharamgam sambhavichu. saarvathrika panaama kanal kambani kanal nirmmichathode 2,000 itaaliyan vamshajar ethi. yadhaarthathil 1966 muthal nikshepathinaayi panaamayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthinu soukaryamorukkunna itaaliyan, panaman sarkkarukal thammilulla oru karar/udambadi avideyundu.
2010ll 15,000-thiladhikam itaaliyan vamshajar bolivian pouranmaaraayirunnu, athesamayam ekadesham 2,700 itaaliyan pouranmaaraayirunnu. ettavum prashasthamaaya itaaliyan bolivian ezhuthukaariloraalum kaviyumaaya ooskaar serudoyaanu bolivian saahithyathile mahanaaya rachayithaakkalil oralaayi kanakkaakkappedunnath. arabikalum spaaniyaardukalum kooduthal pradhana punk vahikkunna eekwaadorile kudiyetta vamshajarile ettavum kuranja nirakkukalilonnaya eekwaadoril nilavil ekadesham 56,000 itaaliyan pingaamikalund. ennirunnaalum, kazhinja noottaandinte avasaanam muthal raajyathekku praveshicha arjanteeniyan, columbian kudiyettakkaar (yathaakramam 80 sathamaanavum 50 sathamaanavum itaaliyan pingaamikalaan).
pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil jarmman, itaaliyan kudiyettakkaraanu haithiyude bisinesses mekhala niyanthrichirunnathu. 1908ll 160 itaaliyan pouranmaar haithiyil thaamasichirunnuvennum avaril 128 perr thalasthaanamaaya portt-ooo-princilaanu thaamasichirunnathennum itaaliyan koonsal dii maatteys paranju. 2011leeii itaaliyan sensus prakaram 134 itaaliyan pouranmaar haithiyil thaamasichirunnu, avaril mikkavarum ellaavarum thalasthaanathaanu thaamasichirunnathu. ennirunnaalum, sameepakaalavum vidooravumaaya itaaliyan verukalulla ekadesham 5,000 haishyans undaayirunnu (itaaliyan embassy parayunnathanusarichu). 2010ll itaaliyan vamshajaraaya puerto rikkanmaarude ennam ekadesham 10,000 aayirunnappol puerto recoyil thamasikkunna itaaliyan pouranmaar 344 perr ponsilum saan juvaanilum kendreekarichaayirunnu. koodaathe, saan juvaanil oru itaaliyan oonarari konsulettum undu.
irupathaam noottaandinte aadya moonnu pathittaandukalkkullil honduras republicil sthirathaamasamaakkaan itaaliyan pouranmaarude varavu prakadamaayi. avaril vyavasaayikalum aarkkidekttukalum eviyettarmaarum enchineeyarmaarum vividha mekhalakalile kalakaaranmaarum ulppedunnu. 1911ll raajyathinte vikasanathil kudiyettakkaarude pankaalittham, prathyekichu europil ninnulla kudumbangal (jarmmani, itali, france), prakadamaakaan thudangi. kaappi, vazhappazham, vilayeriya marangal, svarnnam, velli ennivayaayirunnu pradhana vipanana enangal. 2014ll itaaliyan vamshajaraaya 14,000 honduraanukalum 400 itaaliyan pouranmaarum undaayirunnu.
1880 muthal randaam lokamahaayudham vare nikkaargvayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettam nadannu. nirgaagvayilekku kudiyeriya noorukanakkinu italikkaar maathramundaayirunnathil mattu raajyangalilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettathekkaal valare kuranja samkhyayil kudiyettam sthirathayullathaayirunnilla. ennirunnaalum, thekke american raajyathekku kudiyeriya mattu vamseeya vibhaagangale pariganichaal nikkaargvayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettam ganyamaayirunnu, athupole thanne mattu madhya american raajyangalilekkulla nerittulla deshaadanavum. akkaalathe nirgagwan janasamkhyayude saandrata, athu valare uyarnnathaayirunnilla, angane itaaliyan saannidhyavum kooduthal pothuve nirgaagvayile videsha pouranmaarude saannidhyavum kooduthal praadhaanyamarhikkunnu.
eshya.
pradhaanamaayum itaaliyan paithrukamulla indian pouranmaarum indiayil thamasikkunna italiyil ninnulla pravaasikalum kudiyettakkaarum adangunna oru cheria itaaliyan samoohamundu. pathinaram noottaand muthal, eee itaaliyan jesyoottukalil palathum dakshinenthyayilekku vannu, pradhaanamaayum gova, keralam, thamizhnaad. antonio mosheni, konstaanso beshi, roberto dii nobili, rodolfo akwaviva ennivayaanu indiayile ettavum ariyappedunna jesyoottukalil chilath. 1940kalil, randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, europilo vadakke aafrikkayilo pidikoodiya itaaliyan yudhathadavukaare britishukaar baamgloorilekkum madraasilekkum konduvannu. innathe paredu graundu-kabban rooad eriyayaaya gaarisan groundilaanu avare nirtthiyathu. 1941 februvariyil ekadesham 2,200 itaaliyan yudhathadavukaare prathyeka trainil baamglooril athikkukayum baamglooril ninnu 20 mile akaleyulla bairamangala thadankalppaalayangalilekku march cheyyukayum cheythu. sameepa varshangalil niravadhi itaaliyankaar bisinesses aavasyangalkkaayi indiayilekku varunnu. innu, europian unionile indiayude anchaamathe valia vyapara pankaaliyaanu itali. nilavil dakshinenthya aasthaanamaayi 15,000 muthal 20,000 vare itaaliyan pouranmaar indiayil undu. mumbai nagaratthil thanne ganyamaaya ennam italikkaarum chilar chennaiyilumaan.
lebananile itaaliyan (allengil itaaliyan lebanese) roman kaalaghattam vare charithramulla lebananile oru samoohamaanu. aduthakaalathu onnaam lokamahaayudhathilum randaam lokamahaayudhathilum itaaliyakkaar cheria grouppukalaayi lebanonilekk vannu, akkaalat europile yudhangalil ninnu rakshappedaan shramichu.
1911 muthal 1912 vareyulla itaaliyan-turkish yudhathil ninnulla itaaliyan sainikaraayirunnu lebanonine sthirathaamasamaakkaanum abhayam kandethanumulla sthalamaayi thiranjeduttha aadyathe itaaliyanmaaril chilar. europian jeevitashaili kaaranam itaaliyanmaaril bhooribhaagavum beyroottil sthirathaamasamaakkaan theerumaanichu. swaathanthryathinushesham kurachu itaaliyakkaar maathramaan lebanon upekshichu francilake poyath. lebananile itaaliyan samooham valare cheruthaanu (ekadesham 4,300 aalukal), ithu kooduthalum lebanese catholica samoohavumaayi swaamsheekarikkappedunnu.
yunaittad arab emiratesil 10,000 itaaliyanmaarundu, avaril moonnil rund bhaagavum dubaayilum bakkiyullavar abu daabiyilumaanu. 2005num 2007num idayil raajyathekku kudiyerunna itaaliyanmaarude nirakk naalpat sathamaanam vardhichathode sameepa varshangalil itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude priyappetta lakshyasthaanamaayi yuu. eiii. iii. maari. yuu. eiii. iyile ettavum valia europian grooppukalilonnaanu itaaliyan. itaaliyan saamskaarika, vinoda sarkkil (ippol sisar ennariyappedunnu), itaaliyan industry aandu komezhs oafees (yuu. eiii. iii), itaaliyan bisinus kaunsil dubay thudangiya niravadhi saamoohika vrithangaliloodeyum samghadanakaliloodeyum samooham roopeekarikkappettirikku. outtdoor vinodangal, bhakshanavibhavangal, bhasha kozhsukal, kuttikalkkulla pravartthanangal, pradarshanangal, kacherikal thudangiya saamoohika pravartthanangal pathivayi nadakkunnundu; abu dhaabiyil oru sthiramaaya itaaliyan saamskaarika kendram sthaapikkunnathinekkur charchakal nadakkunnundu, athu pravartthanangalude vediyaayi pravartthikkum. itaaliyan paachakareethikalum samskaaravum fashion dubaayilum abu dhaabiyilum udaneelam vyaapakamaanu, dhaaraalam thaddesheeya itaaliyan restorantukal nadathunnu.
europe.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil swittsarlandil itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar (tisinoyileyum grijioniyileyum valia autocthonas janasamkhyayumaayi thettidharikkaruthu) rajyath ethi, avaril bhooribhaagavum itaaliyan faasisathinte uyarchaykku sesham italiyilekku madangi. bhaaviyile phaasist nethaavaaya benitoo musolini 1902ll swittsarlandilekku kudiyeri, soshyalist prasthaanatthil erppettathinushesham naadukadatthappettu. 1945 nuu sesham oru puthiya deshaadana tharamgam aarambhichu, annu praabalyatthil undaayirunna ayanja kudiyetta niyamangal anukoolamaayirunnu. itaaliyan samsaarikkunna, italiyil janicha allengil itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude makkalaya finkalaanu finnish itaaliyan. finland vamsheeyathayekkurichulla sthithivivarakkanakkukal shekharikkaathathinaal itaaliyan samsaarikkunnavarudeyum italiyil janichavarudeyum avarude makkaludeyum ennathil maathrame itaaliyanmaarude ennam alakkaan kazhiyoo.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal innuvareyulla vividha kudiyetta chakrangalil fraansilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettam nadannittundu. koodaathe, 1770-ll corsica republic oof genovayil ninnu fransilekkum 1860-ll sardinia saamraajyathil ninnu fransilekkum chuttumulla pradeshangalilekkum kadannupoyi. thudakkathil, aadhunika fraansilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettam (pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal irupathaam noottaandinte arambham vare) pradhaanamaayum vadakkan italiyil (peedmond, venetto), thudarnnu central italiyil (maarche, ambria), kooduthalum athirthi thekkukizhakkan pradeshamaaya provensilekku vannu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinusheshal thekkan italiyil ninnu dhaaraalam kudiyettakkaar francilake kudiyerunnathu, saadhaaranayaayi fraansile vyavasaayavalkkarikkappetta pradesangalaaya loraine, paarees, liyon ennividangalil sthirathaamasamaakkunnu. innu, moonnu thalamurakal vare pazhakkamulla itaaliyan vamshajaraaya franch pouranmaar undennu kanakkaakkappedunnu.
1890kalil jarmmani kudiyetta raajyathil ninnu kudiyetta rajyamaayi maari. eee kaalayalav muthal italiyil ninnulla deshaadana pravaham vikasikkukayum (kooduthalum freuli, lombardy, venetto, emilia-romagna ennivayil ninnaan varunnath) avaykkoppam itaaliyan samoohangalude samkhyaaparamaaya sthirathayum vardhikkukayum cheythu. vaasthavathil, 1871-ll 4,000 itaaliyan vamshajar rajisttar cheythirunna ithu 1910-ll 120,000-thiladhikam aayi. 1933-ll naasisatthinte adhikaarathileriyathinushe jarmmaniyilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettam punaraarambhichu. ennirunnaalum, ithavana, athu oru swamedhayaa ulla kudiyettamaayirunnilla, marichu 1937-ll adolph hitlarum benitoo musoliniyum thammil nischayichittulla oru karaarinte adisthaanathil italiyilekku kalkari vitharanam cheiyunnathinupakaram jarmman faaktarikalkku vilakuranja thozhilaallikale kandethendathinte aavasyakatha thripthippeduthunnathina itaaliyan thozhilaallikale nirbandhithamaayi niyamichu. jarmman kambanikalil itaaliyan thozhilaallikale niyamikkunnathinum niyamikkunnathinumayi 1955 desember 20 nuu italiyum padinjaaran germmaniyum thammil oru ubhaykakshi karar oppuvachu. aaa theeyathi muthal padinjaaran jarmmaniyilekkulla deshaadana pravaahathil kuthichuchaattam undaayi, ithu pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathinum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathinum idayil sambhavichathinekkaal valare prakadamaayirunnu. 1956 muthal 1976 vare 4 dashalakshathiladhikam itaaliyanmaar padinjaaran germmaniyil praveshichathaayum avaril 3.5 dasalaksham perr pinneedu italiyilekku madangiyethiyathaayum kanakkaakkappedunnu.
speyinile itaaliyan pouranmaar speyinile kudiyetta grouppukalude ettavum valia kammyoonittikalilonnaan; neremarichu, speyinile thamasakkaar italiyilaanu janichathu. speyinile itaaliyan pouranmaaril valiyoru vibhaagam italiyil janichavaralla, marichu arjanteenayil ninno urugvaayil ninno kudiyeriyavaraanu. sweedish pouranmaaro itaaliyan vamseeya, saamskaarika, bhashaaparamaaya paithrukathilo swathwathilo thaamasikkunnavaro aanu sweedish itaaliyanmaar. innu italiyil janicha ekadesham 8,126 perum sweedenil janicha 10,961 perum italiyil janicha maathaapithaakkaliloraalumanu. thaamasikkukayo romaniyayilekku thamasam maarukayo cheytha itaaliyan vamshajaraaya aalukalaanu romansile itaaliyan janatha. 19-aamm noottaandilum 20-aamm noottaandilum padinjaaran austriya-hankariyil ninnulla niravadhi itaaliyakkaar transylvaniayil sthirathaamasamaakki. yudhakaalakhattathil chila itaaliyakkaar dobroojayil sthirathaamasamaakki. 1880 nuu sesham freuliyil ninnum venettoyil ninnumulla itaaliyakkaar vadakkan dobrujayile greasy, kaattaloyi, massin ennividangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. avaril bhooribhaagavum mashin parvathanirakalile graanait kwaarikalilum chilar karshakarayum mattullavar rooad nirmmaanatthilum jolie cheythu. audyogikamaayi amgeekarikkappetta vamseeya nyoonapakshamenna nilayil, itaaliyakkaarkku roman chamber oof deputicil oru seett samvaranam cheythittundu.
engleesh pattanangalaya bedford, hoddesdon ennividangalil ganyamaaya itaaliyan janasamkhyayundu. yudhaananthara punarnirmmaana kuthippinte pashchaathalatthil lunden ishtika kambanikku thozhilaallikalude kuravu anubhavappettathinethudar 1950kalil ganyamaaya ennam itaaliyanmaar bedfordilake vannu. thalphalamaayi, bedford yukeyile ettavum kooduthal itaaliyan kudumbangalude kendreekaranavum mothatthilulla janasamkhyayude anjilonnu itaaliyan vamshajaraaya itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude moonnaamathe uyarnna ennavumulla rajyamaanu. hoddesdonil, sisiliyil ninnu vanna niravadhi itaaliyanmaar, praadeshika garden nazhsarikalil jolie cheyyaanulla avasarangal kaaranam 1950-kalil avidekkum liie thaazhvarayiludaneelavum kudiyeri. sambannamaaya kaarshika bhooprakrithiyum naattile varumanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol mikacha shambalavum avare eee pradeshathekku aakarshichu. innu, pattanatthile itaaliyan samooham ganyamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiyathinaal oru itaaliyan koonsal, carmelo nicustro, eee pradeshathekku thiranjedukkappettu. 1800kalile kudiyettam kaaranam landanile ailamgtanile clerkenwellil oru cheria itali undu.
beljiyathile itaaliyan samooham beljian samoohavumaayi nannayi samyojippichirikkunnu. itaalo-beljiakkaar ettavum praadhaanyamulla rolukal vahikkunnu; beljiyam pavola rafoe dii kaalaabriyayude rajnjiyo muun pradhaanamantri elio dii rupoyo udaaharanangalaan. ayaril ninnulla audyogika sthithivivarakkanakkukal (videshathu thamasikkunna itaaliyanmaarude rajisttar) anusarichu, 2012 ll ekadesham 255,000 itaaliyan pouranmaar beljiyathil thaamasichirunnu (eratta pourathvamulla beljiakkaar ulppede). itaaliyan consular rajisttarukalil ninnulla vivarangal anusarichu, beljiyathil ekadesham 50,000 itaaliyan vamshajar undennu thonnunnu (i.iii. 25 sathamaanathiladhikam) sisiliyil ninnum thudarnnu apoolia (9.5 sathamaanam), abruzzo (7 sathamaanam), campania (6.5 sathamaanam), venetto (6 sathamaanam) ennivayil ninnumaanu varunnath. beljiyathil ekadesham 450,000 (motham beljian janasamkhyayude ekadesham 4 sathamaanam) itaaliyan vamshajarundu. itaaliyan vamshajaraaya beljian samudaayathinte 85 sathamaanavum valloniayilum brasselsilum kendreekarichirikkunnu parayappedunnu. kooduthal krithyamaayi paranjaal, itaaliyan vamshajaraaya beljiyakkaaril 65 sathamaanavum valloniayilum 20 sathamaanavum brasselsilum 15 sathamaanavum flemish mekhalayilumaanu thaamasikkunnath.
1870ll austro-hungarian saamrajyam nilaninnirunnathin sheshamaan itaaliyakkaarude ettavum pradhanappetta oostriyayilekkulla deshaadana pravaham aarambhichath. 1876num 1900num idayil fraansinu sesham ettavum kooduthal itaaliyan kudiyettakkaare ulkkollunna randaamathe europian rajyamaayirunnu austriya-hunkery. eee deshaadana prathibhasangal saambathika swabhaavamullathum pradhaanamaayum thaalkkaalika swabhaavamullathum kaarshika thozhilaallikal, thozhilaallikal, ishtikappanikkaar enniva ulppettathumaayirunnu. 1907 nuu sesham, austro-hungarian adhikaarikalude itaaliyan thozhilaallikalodulla abhyarthanakalil kuravundaayathum, itaaliyan vamseeya samoohavum habsburg saamraajyathil nilavilulla slavik vamseeya samoohavum thammilulla anthar-vamseeya samgharshangalude uyarchayum (vienna sarkkar uthejippichathum), raajyathekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthil kuravundaayi, 1901 ll rekhappeduthappetta 50,000-ladhikam vaarshika entrikalil ninnu 1912 ll ekadesham 35,000 aayi. 1918 nuu sesham austro-hungarian saamraajyathinte pirichuvidalumaayi oostriyayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte prathibhasam avasaanichu. 2007leeii audyogika eyar daatta prakaram 15,765 itaaliyan pouranmaar austriyayil thaamasikkunnu.
1892ll luxembergile aadyathe itaaliyan vamshajar ethi, pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode itaaliyan samoohathil 439 perr maathrame undaayirunnulloo, ennaal 1900ll itaaliyan samooham 7,000 aalukalaayum pinneedu patthu varshathinu sesham 10,000 aalukalaayum uyarnnu. itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar adachupoottunnathuvare raajyathe khanikalilum urukk vyavasaayathilum (ayalrajyamaaya beljiyathilennapole) jolie cheythu, athesamayam innu itaaliyan samooham moonnaam mekhalayil, prathyekichu baankukalil jolie cheiyunnu. 1960ll luxembergile ellah videsha nivaasikalilninnum itaaliyan vamshajar (2011ll 8.2 sathamaanam mathramaayirunnu). 1970ll luxembergile itaaliyan janasamkhya 23,490 aayirunnappol, athaayath grand dachiyile motham janasamkhyayude 6.9% vare aayirunnappol itaaliyan samoohathinte charitraparamaaya kodumudiyaayirunnu athu. ettavum pradhanappetta itaaliyan-luxemburg raashtreeyakkaaranum trade unionistumaaya luigi raich aayirunnu, 1985 muthal 1993 vare dudelanginte mayer konfedareshan general duu travail luxemberjoyisinte (sijiti-ell) deseeya vais prasidantumaayirunnu. 2011 januvari 1 nuu eyar report prakaram luxembergil 22,965 itaaliyan vamshajar undaayirunnu (luxemburg janasamkhyayude 4.8 sathamaanathinu thulyamaanu), kudiyettakkaaril naalilonn perum apulian vamshajaraanu.
bosniayilum hersegovina sthithicheyyunna stivoril itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude pingaamikal adhivasikkunnu, avar graamatthile motham janasamkhyayude 92 sathamaanamaanu. avarude ennam 270 aanu, ellaavarum trentinoyil ninnu vannavaraan. itaaliyan bhasha graamatthile skoolukalilum padippikkappedunnu, koodaathe 270 itaaliyan bosniakkaarkku itaaliyan paasporttukalund, itaaliyan pathrangal vaayikkukayum itaaliyan pensionukalil jeevikkukayum cheiyunnu. avaril naalil moonnu bhaagavum ippozhum trentino bhasha samsaarikkunnu. 1882ll walsuganayil pathicha branta nadhi moolamundaaya vellapokkam stivorile itaaliyan-bosniyakkaarude saannidhyam vishadeekarikkaam. aduthide bosnia hersegovina pidichadakkiya austro-hungarian saamraajyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu trentino. vellappokkathil takarnna trentinoyile janangale sahayikkunnathinum bosniayilum hersegovina veendum janasamkhya vardhippikkunnathinum, austriyan adhikaarikal trentino janataye balcan raajyathekku kudiyeraan prothsaahippichu. trentino kudiyettakkaar bosnia, hersegovina pradeshangaliludaneelam vyaapichirunnu, ennaal pradhaanamaayum stivorile aalukal maathramaan avarude swathuam nilanirtthiyathu, mattullavar praadeshika janathayil ulppettirunnu. trentino kudiyettakkaar bosniayilum hersegovina oru pradhana paarambaryam konduvannu, munthirippazham krishi, veenju uthppaadanam, balcan rajyath ippozhum aacharikkunna oru paarambaryam.
sameepa varshangalil portugalil valarunna oru itaaliyan samoohavum uyarnnuvannittund. ippol raajyam 33,000-thiladhikam itaaliyan pouranmaarkku aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu, ekadesham 400 itaaliyanmaar porchugees pourathvam nediyittundu, kaaranam porchugalile itaaliyanmaaril 2008.many itaaliyan-brazilian pouranmaaraanu, avar avarude europian union pourathvam muthaledukkukayum pinneedu avar ithinakam bhasha samsaarikkunna oru rajyath sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu.
rund lokamahaayudhangalkkidayil itali rajyathinaayi balcan raajyathe kolanivalkkarikkunnathina albaniayilekku marria itaaliyakkaaraayirunnu albaniayile itaaliyan kolanikkaar. benitoo musolini italiyil adikaaram etteduthappol addeham albaniayilekku puthiya thaalpparyathode thirinju. 1925ll itali albaniayude sambadvyavasthayilekku nuzhanjukayaraan thudangiyappol, albania athinte dhaatu vibhavangal chooshanam cheyyaan anuvadikkaan sammathichu. athinusesham 1926-ll aadyathe tirana udambadiyum 1927-ll randaamathe tirana udambadiyum italiyum albania oru prathirodha sakhyathil earppettu. itaaliyan vaaypakal albanian sarkkarinum sambadvyavasthaykkum subsidy nalkukayum itaaliyan sainika pariseelakar albanian sainyathe pariseelippikkukayum cheythu. itaaliyan colonial kudiyettam prolsaahippikkukayum aadyathe 300 itaaliyan kolanikkaar albaniayil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu. 1930kalil phaasist itali albaniayil sammarddam cheluthukayum randaam lokamahaayudham aarambhikkunnathin anchu maasam munbu 1939 epril 7nuu albania akramikkukayum cheythu. 1939 eprilil albania adhiniveshathinushesham musolini ekadesham 11,000 itaaliyan kolanikkaare albaniayilekku ayachu. avaril bhooribhaagavum venetto mekhalayil ninnullavarum sisiliyil ninnullavarumaayirunnu. avar pradhaanamaayum durus, vlore, schoder, porto palermo, elbassen, sarande ennee pradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. albaniayilekku mattappetta oru valia koottam itaaliyan kudiyettakkaaril aadyatheyaalaayirunnu avar. eee colonicarc purame, 22,000 itaaliyan saadhaarana thozhilaallikal 1940 eprilil roadukal, railway, adisthaana soukaryangal enniva nirmmikkaan albaniayilekku pooyi. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham itaaliyan kolanikkaar aarum albaniayil avasheshikkunnilla. enver hoxayude communist bharanathin keezhil thudarnna churukkam chilar 1992ll (avarude pingamikalumaayi) italiyilekku palayanam cheyyukayum yadhaarthathil association "ansifra" prathinidheekarikkukayum cheythu.
1911leeii itaaliyan-turkish yuddham muthal dveepukal kaivashappeduthiyirunna benitoo musoliniyude phaasist itaaliyan sarkkar 1930kalil eejian kadalile dodecanese dveepukalil itaaliyan kolanikkaar sthirathaamasamaakki. 1940 aayappozhekkum dodecanese dveepil sthirathaamasamaakkiya itaaliyanmaarude ennam ekadesham 8,000 aayirunnu, pradhaanamaayum rodukalilaanu. 1947ll, randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, dveepukal greasinte kaivashamaayi athinte anantharafalamaayi mikka itaaliyanmaarum kudiyeraan nirbandhitharaakukayum ellah itaaliyan schoolukalum adachupoottukayum cheythu. chila itaaliyan kolanikkaar roadsukalil thudarukayum vegathil swaamsheekarikkappedukayum cheythu. nilavil, eathaanum dussen pazhaya kolanikkaar maathrame avasheshikkunnulloovenkum avarude paarambaryatthinte swaadheenam pradhaanamaayum rodukalilum lerosilum itaaliyan bhaashayude aapekshika vyaapanathil vyakthamaan. ennirunnaalum, avarude vasthuvidyaa paarambaryam ippozhum vyakthamaan, prathyekichu rodukalilum lorosilum. itaaliyan adhikaarikal nadatthiya valia thothilulla punarudhaarana pravarthanangalkku nandi paranju roads sittiyude kotta yuneskoyude loka paithruka sthalamaanu.
ooshyaaniya.
italiyude ekeekaranathethudarnnulla pathittaandukalilaanu italikkaar aadyamaayi oostreliyayilethiyathu, ennaal 1945 ll randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinu sheshamaayirunnu ettavum pradhanappetta tharamgam, prathyekichu 1950 muthal 1965 vare. itaaliyan australiyakkaar oostreliyayude samskaarathilum samoohathilum sambadvyavasthayilum kaaryamaaya swaadheenam chelutthi. 2021 leeii sensus prakaram australian nivaasikal itaaliyan vamshajare (ottaykko allengil mattoru vamshavumaayi samyojippicho) naamanirddesham cheythu, ithu australian janasamkhyayude 4.4 shathamaanathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. 2021leeii sensus prakaram 171,520 perr italiyil janichu. 2021 leeii kanakkanusarichu, 228,042 australian nivaasikal itaaliyan allengil itaaliyan bhaashaabhedangal samsaarikkunnu. itaaliyan bhasha upayogikkunna itaaliyan australiyakkaarkkidayil itaalo-australian bhasha pradhaanamaan.
austreliyayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, italiyil ninnu nyoosilandinu valia kudiyettam labhichilla. avaril noorukanakkinu perr, kooduthalum mathsyathozhilaalikal, 1890 kalude avasaanathil kudiyeri. 2013leeii sensus prakaram itaaliyan vamshajaraaya 3,795 puthumukhangal.
sthithivivarakkanakkukal.
1890 nuu sesham, puthiya lokathekkulla kudiyettatthil itaaliyan sambhavana shradheyamaayirunnu. 1870 aayappozhekkum italiyil ekadesham 25,000,000 nivaasikalundaayirunnu (germmaniyile 40,000,000, yunaittad kingdatthile 30,000,000 ennivayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol).
1861ll dakshinamekhala pidichadakkiya sesham nadatthiya praadhamika sensus prakaram videshathu 100,000 italikkaar maathrame thaamasikkunnulloo. general dayaraktarettu oof statistiks 1876 vare audyogika kudiyetta sthithivivarakkanakkukal samaharikkaan thudangiyittilla. 1870 num onnaam lokamahaayudhathinum edayilulla pathittaandukalekkurichu krithyamaaya kanakkukal aaa kaalayalavil kudiyettam engane naadakeeyamaayi vardhichuvennu kaanikkunnu
1000 janasamkhyayil itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar
1913ll 872,598 perr itali vittathodeyaanu itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte uyarnna ghattam.
ekeekaranasamayathu italiyile <aii. dii. 3> nivaasikalil ninnu, swaabhaavika janana, marananirakk, kudiyettam illaathe, 1970 oode ekadesham <aii. dii. 2> janasamkhya undakumaayirunnu. pakaram, noottaandinte thudakkathil kudiyettam kaaranam, <aii. dii. 1> maathrame undaayirunnulloo.
aadhunika charithratthile ettavum valia palayanam italikkaar pradhana kathaapaathrangalaayi kanda 1970 vare italiyude ekeekaranathe thudarnnulla kaalaghattatthil itaaliyan kudiyettakkaar 29 dashalakshathiladhikam aayirunnu. eee itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte sthithivivarakkanakku charithrathe naalu thaalkkaalika ghattangalayi thirikkam (l. favero):
1876 muthal 1900 vareyulla aadya audyogika sarway saamoohika-saambathika gadakangal moolamaanu, aadyam ithu pradhaanamaayum fransilekkum jarmmaniyilekkum pinneedu thekke amerikkayilekkum oru paridhivare vadakke amerikkayilekkum aayirunnu. pradhaanamaayum swaabhaavikavum rahasyavumaaya chalanangaliloode ekadesham 53 laksham aalukal, prathyekichu vadakkan italiyil ninnu, naadukadatthappettu. akkaalat ekadesham 30 dasalaksham nivaasikalil ettakkurachilukal undaayirunna janasamkhyayude oru valia pankinekkurichaanu nammal samsaarikkunnath. praayogikamaayi, janasamkhyayude 15 sathamaanathiladhikam.
randaamathethu 1900 muthal 1914 vare thudarnna itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude valia tharamgamaayirunnu. eee randaam ghattathil kaarshika mekhalayil ninnum graamapradesangalil ninnum ippozhum asthiramaaya vyavasaya mekhalayil oru badal kandethathe purathaakkappetta madhya-thekkan italiyil ninnulla ellah kudiyettakkaarkkum mukalilulla pradhana kathaapaathrangal kaanunnu. france germmaniyum swittsarland cherttha prathyeka europian lakshyasthaanangalaayi thudarnnaalum grettu immigration ennu vilikkappedunna eee ghattam pradhaanamaayum extra-europian aayirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathum athinte anantharafalamaayundaaya apakadasaadhyathayum eee ghattathinu anthyam kurichu, athil motham janasamkhyayude naalilonn varunna 9.5 dashalakshathiladhikam aalukal itali vittu.
moonnaamathethu rund lokamahaayudhangalkkidayilu-erangunna rajyangal sweekaricha niyamanirmmaana niyanthranangal, '29 leeii saambathika prathisandhi, faasisam pinthudarnna niyanthrithavum kudiyetta virudhavumaaya nayam enniva kaaranam itaaliyan kudiyettatthil idivu sambhavicha oru ghattamaayirunnu athu. eee kaalayalavil, europian ithara kudiyettatthile kuravu fransilekkum (bharanakoodatthinte athiraalikalude priyappetta lakshyasthanam) jarmmaniyilekkum (urukk karar oppittathinushesham) europian ozhukkukalil vardhanavinu kaaranamaayi. colonial aafrikkayilekkulla prasthaanangal saamraajyathva vipuleekaranathinulla (libia, erithriya, ethiopia, somalia ennividangalil) oru sramamaayi cherkkapettu. aaa 20 varshathinide 35 lakshathiladhikam itaaliyanmaar kudiyeri.
avasaanamaayi, naalam ghattam yudhaananthara kaalaghattamaanu 1945 muthal 1970 vare-aazhathilulla saambathika, saamoohika, rashtreeya maattangalude oru kaalaghattatthil-kudiyetta pravaham prathyekichum raajyathinte thekk ninnu valia thothil thirichetthi. laattin america (veneswella, brassil, arjanteena) austreliyayum aayirunnu pradhana transocianic lakshyasthaanangal, europil avar france, jarmmani, beljiyam, swittsarland ennivaye lakshyamitirunnu. itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude ennam ekadesham 7.3 dasalaksham aayirunnu.
eee prathibhaasatthinte mothatthilulla vivaranam iprakaaramaanu
2016leeii itaaliyan bharanaghadanaa hitaparisodhana prakaram raajyathinanusarichu italikku purathu thamasikkunna rajisttar cheytha itaaliyan pouranmaarude annathekkurichulla vivarangal nalki. 2016ll 673,238 rajisttar cheytha italikkaar rajyath thaamasicha arjanteenayilaanu ettavum kooduthal perr, thudarnnu jarmmani 581,433, swittsarland 482,539, france 329,202, brazeel 325,555, yuke 232,932, beljiyam 225,801, america 218,407, canada 122,262, austreliya 120,791, spain 118,879 enninganeyaanu.
itaaliyan bhashayum athinte bhaashaabhedangalum.
americayileyum australiyayileyum valia kudiyettakkaarum pravasi samoohangalum itaaliyan bhasha samsaarikkunnu. 17 dashalakshathiladhikam amerikkakkar itaaliyan vamshajaraanenkilum, amerikkayil oru dashalakshathiladhikam aalukal maathramaan veettil itaaliyan samsaarikkunnath. ennirunnaalum, oru itaaliyan bhasha maadyama vipani rajyath nilavilundu. kaanadayil, vaividhyamaarnna chainees bhaashakale orumichu grooppucheyyaathappol ettavum kooduthal samsaarikkunna randaamathe anaudyogika bhasha itaaliyanaanu, 2016 ll 375,645 perr itaaliyan bhasha avarude maathrbhaashayaayi avakashappettu.
thekke amerikkayilekkulla itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarum aaa bhookhandathilekku bhaashayude saannidhyam konduvannittundu. chila srothassukal anusarichu, spanish audyogika bhasha kazhinjaal arjanteenayil ettavumadhikam samsaarikkunna randaamathe bhasha itaaliyanaanu, ennirunnaalum samsaarikkunnavarude ennam, pradhaanamaayum pazhaya thalamurayil ninnullavar, kurayunnu. itaaliyan dwibhasha samsaarikkunnavare brazeelinte thekkukizhakkan bhaagathum thekk bhaagathum chitharikkidakkunnathayi kaanam, veneswela spanish, porchugees enniva kazhinjaal ettavum kooduthal samsaarikkunna bhasha itaaliyanaanu, ekadesham 200,000 perr samsaarikkunnu. urugvaayil itaaliyan bhasha avarude maathrbhaashayaayi samsaarikkunna aalukal raajyathe motham janasamkhyayude 1.1 sathamaanamaanu. austreliyayil, chainees kazhinjaal ettavumadhikam samsaarikkunna randaamathe videsha bhasha itaaliyanaanu, janasamkhyayude 1.4% aalukal ithu avarude maathrbhaashayaayi samsaarikkunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal irupathaam noottaandinte pakuthi vare aayirakkanakkin itaaliyanmaar arjanteena, uruguay, thekkan brazeel, veneswella ennividangalilum canadayilum amerikkayilum sthirathaamasamaakki, avide avar oru bhouthikavum saamskaarikavumaaya saannidhyam roopeekarichu. chila sandarbhangalil, italiyile praadeshika bhaashakalude vakabhedangal upayogicha kolanikal sthaapikkappettu, chilar eee praadeshika bhasha upayogikkunnathu thudarunnu. brazeelile rioo grande doow sall, meksikkoyile pyooblaykkaduthulla chipilo pattanam enniva udaaharanangalaan; oronnum pathonpathaam noottaandil ninnu uruthirinja veneeshyan roopamaanu upayogikkunnathu. mattoru udaaharanam cocolic aanu, orikkal arjanteenayilum prathyekichu buenos airsilum lunfardoyilum samsaarichirunna itaaliyan-spanish pidjin.
paachakareeti.
arjanteena.
arjanteenayilekkulla valia itaaliyan kudiyettam kaaranam, arjanteeniyan paachakareethikalil itaaliyan bhakshanapaneeyangal valareyadhikam ulppeduthiyittundu. oru udaaharanam "milanessa" (italiyile milan ennathil ninnulla yadhaartha "kottoletta" allah milanese ennathil ninnaan eee peru vannath). sorentinos", arjanteeniyan gnochi thudangi niravadhi itaaliyan-arjanteen vibhavangalundu.
austreliya.
australiyayile sradheyamaaya itaaliyan kudiyettam australian paachakareethikale shakthamayi swaadheenichittundu. itaaliyan "parmijiana dii melanzane", "kottoletta" ennivayude samyojanathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla chikkan parmijiana 1950-kalode austreliyayil ariyappettirunnu. 1952-ll, aadyathe "espresso" yanthrangal sidneyil prathyakshappedaan thudangi (orupakshe australiyayile aadyathethu) koodaathe melbone polulla mattu australian nagarangalil dhaaraalam mikacha itaaliyan coffey houseukal uyarnnuvannu.
brazeel.
1800 kalude avasaanathilum 1900 kalude thudakkathilum valia kudiyettam kaaranam itaaliyan paachakareeti brazeelil janapriyamaan. valia itaaliyan samooham kaaranam, eee paachakareeti ettavum kooduthal vilamathikkappedunna sthalamaanu saavo poulo. niyaapolittan, american enangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya pissayude prathyeka inavum nagaram vikasippicheduthittundu, ithu vaaranthya athaazhangalil eare janapriyamaan.
meksikoo.
raajyathudaneelam bhakshya vandikalilum staalukalilum vaagdaanam cheiyunna oru saadhaarana inamaanu ithu. praadeshikamaayi chutta appatthil ninnu nirmmicha oru sandvichaaya ithil panniyirachiyo beepho ulla oru bread, paan fried kattlett adangiyirikkunnu.
dakshinaafrikka.
dakshinaafrikkayile ellah pradhana nagarangalilum pattanangalilum ganyamaaya thothil itaaliyan dakshinaafrikkan janasamkhyayundu. haam, chees thudangiya itaaliyan bhakshanagal irakkumathi cheyyukayum chilath praadeshikamaayi nirmmikkukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe oro nagaratthilum onno rando janapriya itaaliyan restorantukalum pisseriyakalum undu. dakshinaafrikkayil, prathyekichu kooduthal medittareniyan tharatthilulla mazha labhikkuna varanda thekk-padinjaaran bhaagangalil, gunanilavaaramulla olivu oayil uthppaadanam vardhichukondirikkanu. chila ennakal mikacha anthaaraashtra puraskaarangal polum nediyittundu.
america.
itaaliyan-american paachakareethikalil bhooribhaagavum itaaliyan paachakareethikale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, yunaittad stetsil kaanapedunna cheruvakalum avasthakalum prathifalippikkunnathinna valareyadhikam amerikkanvalkkarikkadpe. itaaliyan-amerikkakkar palappozhum bhakshanathe avarude praadeshika paithrukavumaayi thirichariyunnu. thekkan italiyile pradhana bhakshanangalil dry paastha, tomato soos, olivu oayil enniva ulppedunnu, athesamayam vadakkan itaaliyan pradhana bhakshanangalil "resoto", vaitt soos, "polanta" enniva ulppedunnu.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil pradhaanamaayum vadakkukizhakkan nagarangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiya itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude thiramalakalkkoppam pissa american aikyanaadukalil ethi. randaam lokamahaayudhathil ninnu italiyil nilayurappicha sainikar madangiyethiyathinu sesham ithinu janapreethy praadeshika vyaapanavum labhichu.
urugui.
urugvaayile sradheyamaaya itaaliyan kudiyettam urugvaayan paachakareethikale shakthamayi swaadheenichittundu, itaaliyan paachakareethikalil ninnu dhaaraalam vibhavangal labhikkunnu, ellah itaaliyan pradeshangalil ninnumulla vibhavangalum. (itaaliyan "tagliottel"), (itaaliyan "ravioli"), (itaaliyan "capelletti"), (itaaliyan "tortalini") ennivayulppede paasthayude vipulamaaya upayogathinu purame, avaa urugvaayan paachakareethiyude bhagamaanu (itaaliyan "bagna kauda"), (itaaliyan "ragu"), (itaaliyan "tripa allah milanese"), "pesttoo", (itaaliyan "gnoco fritto").
veneswella.
veneswellen paachakareethikale athinte europian (itaaliyan, spanish, porchugees, franch), padinjaaran aafrikkan, thaddesheeya paarambaryangal swaadheenikkunnu. itaaliyan paachakareethikalal swaadheenikkappetta veneswelian vibhavangalude udaaharanagal, eee raajyathe itaaliyan kudiyettatthinu nandi, (itaaliyan "pasticio" yill ninnu), ithu "lasagna" yude veneswellen pathippaanu, itaaliyan "siyabatta" yumayi poruthappedunna bread.
29-leeii gnochi.
29-leeii gnochi" ennathu chila thekke american rajyangalil ellah maasavum 29-aamm theeyathi oru plate "gnochi" kazhikkunna vyapakamaaya aachaarathe nirvachikkunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathinum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathinum idayil ganyamaaya itaaliyan kudiyettam labhicha eee rajyangal, prathyekichu brazeel, arjanteena, paragwe, uruguay thudangiya thekkan koonn samsthaanangalil eee aacharam vyaapakamaanu. gnochi" enna athaazhathodoppam oru aachaaramund, athaayath puthiya sammaanangalkkaayulla aagrahathe pratheekappeduthunna plettinu keezhil panam vaykkuka. athaazhathinu bhagyavum samriddhiyum aakarshikkunnathinayi oru banknoto naanayamo plettinu keezhil vaykkunnathum pathivaanu.
ellah maasavum 29-nuu "gnochi" sevikkunna paarambaryam nicomediayile oru yuva doktaraaya vishudha paantaliyoninte kathaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru aithihyathil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath, addeham kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheytha sesham vadakkan italiyiloode theerthaadanam nadatthi. avide paantaaliyon athbhuthakaramaaya chikilsakal pariseelikkukayum athinaayi addehathe vishudhanaakkukayum cheythu. aithihyamanusarichu, oru avasarathil addeham veneeshyan karshakarodu appam chodichappol, avarude pavapetta mesha pankidaan avar addehathe kshanichu. nandiyode, mikacha mathsyabandhanathinteyum mikacha vilaveduppinteyum oru varsham paantaaliyon prakhyaapichu. aaa episode juulai 29 nuu sambhavichu, ekkaaranathaal aaa divasam "gnochi" prathinidheekarikkunna oru lalithamaaya bhakshanathode oormmikkunnu.
toorisathinte verukal.
itaaliyan pravaasikal itali sandarshikkukayum avarude verukal kandethukayum cheiyunna itaaliyan vamshajarude vinodasanchaarikalude oru pradhana ozhukkinu kaaranamaayi. eee vinodasanchaarikalude italiyilekkulla yaatra pradhaanamaayum avarude poorvvikar ulppetta sthalangal, bhasha, paachakareeti, aalukal ennivayekkurichulla arivinekkurichaanu. 2018ll itaaliyan vamshajanaaya ekadesham 10 dasalaksham vinodasanchaarikal avarude verukal veendum kandethunnathinayi raajyathekku pooyi.
itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude pingaamikal.
19, 20 noottaandukalil ekadesham 30 dasalaksham itaaliyanmaar itali vittu america, austreliya, padinjaaran europe ennividangalilekku avarude pradhana lakshyasthaanangalaayi pooyi. oorindi" ennu vilikkappedunna avarude pingaamikalude ennam lokamembaadum vyaapakamaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, brazeel, arjanteena, america ennividangalile ettavum kooduthal samudaayangalulla lokamembaadumulla vividha rajyangalil avar vyaapakamaanu. oru "oorindoo" ykku italiyil janicha oru vidoora poorvvikan maathrame undaakoo ennu kanakkiledukkumbol, "oorindi" yill bhooribhaagathinum oru itaaliyan kudumbapperu maathrameyulloo (palappozhum athumilla) pakshe itaaliyan pourathvam illa. pala raajyangalilum, prathyekichu thekke amerikkayil, oraalude uthbhavathekkurich oru tharatthilulla sensus illaathathinaal (americayilo canadayilo ullathupole) kanakkukal valare ekadeshamaanu.
itaaliyan "oorindi" valare prakadamaaya anupaathathilulla janasamkhyayaanu. arjanteenayil maathram, oru kanakk prakaram, pathinaayirakkanakkin itaaliyan "oorindi" undu, irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil melpparanja deshaadana pravaahatthinte mattu pradhana lakshyasthaanangalaaya americayileyum brazilileyum communitykal kurravalla. mattu pala europian raajyangalilum itaaliyan samoohangal vyaapakamaayi vyaapichukidakkunnum kuranjathu shenchan mekhalayil maathrraajyavumaayulla bandhatthinte prashnam valare karsanamaakkiya niravadhi deseeya thadassangalude thakarchayaanu. footballe bahu-vamsheeyathayum swaabhaavikavalkkaranavum enna ashayangal lokathe muzhuvan baadhichu, 2014 fifa lokakappil-pankedukkunna 32 deseeya teamukalude schwadukalil-83 "oorindi" undaayirunnu.
videshathekku kudiyerunna prathibhasam (prathyekichu 19-num 20-num idayil) valia anupaathathil vikasicha italiyil, lokathil roopappetta itaaliyan vamshajarumaayulla bandhatthinte veendedukkal vardhichuvarunna shradha aasvadikkunnu. prathyekichum praadeshika mekhalakalil, inii muthal sahayam nalkaathathum italiyil janichavarkkum pravaasikalkkum mathramalla, avarude pingaamikalkkum (krithyamaayi "oorindi"), saamskaarika swathuabandham ekeekarikkaan kazhiyunna vidhathil niyanthranangal nadappakkaan thudangiyirikkunnu. 2003 januvari 9 leeii venetto mekhala nambar 2 leeii niyamamaan ithinu oru udaaharanam, athil "veneeshyan swathuathinte paripalanam urappakkunnathinum uthbhava samskaarathekkurichulla arivu mechappeduthunnathinum" kudiyettakkaaranum athijeevicha pankaalikkum moonnaam thalamura vareyulla pingaamikalkkum anukoolamaayi vividha pravartthanangal krameekarichirikkunnu.
oorindoo" enna padam oru athlattine, prathyekichu football, rugby, footsal, aise hockey, roller hockey, itaaliyan vamshajayaaya basketball kalikkaarane soochippikkaan vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu, ithu itaaliyan upadveepile pouranmaarumaayi sports niyamanirmmaanathil thulyamaanu, athinaal itaaliyan deseeya teaminte bhaagamaanenn sammathichu; 1934 ll deseeya teaminoppam anfilogino garisi, attiliyo demaria, luis monty, enriq gwaitta, raimundo oorsi loka chaambyanmaar, 1938 ll mishel androlo loka chaambyan, 2006 ll loka chaambyanaaya mouro camoranesi, 2020 ll europian chaambyanmaaraaya jorjinho, emezhsan pamiyeri, 1930 muthal innuvare niravadhi football kalikkaarude kaaryamaanith.
american aikyanaadukalil itaaliyan "oorindi" ettavum kooduthal anubavikkunna sambhavangalilonnaan columbus dinam, 1492 october 12 nuu jinovayil janicha itaaliyan paryavekshakanum naavikarumaya christopher columbus (Коломсое олумс) puthiya lokathekku athiyathinte smaranaykkaayi pala raajyangalilum aaghoshikkunna oru sambhavamaanith. 1869 ll saan fraansiskoyil itaaliyanmaar aadyamaayi columbus dinam anusmarichu, thudarnnu newyork nagaratthil nadanna niravadhi itaaliyan sambandhamaaya aakhoshangal nadannu.
cheria itali.
pradhaanamaayum itaaliyan vamshajaro itaaliyan vamshajaraaya aalukalo adhivasikkunna oru vamseeya enclavinte pothuvaaya peraanu littil itaali, saadhaaranayaayi oru nagara parisarathu. littil itali" enna ashayam itaaliyan samskaarathinte niravadhi vyathyastha vashangal ulkkollunnu. itaaliyan saadhanangal vilkkunna kadakalum itaaliyan restorantukalum theruvukalil nirathunnundu.
oru "cheria itali" pradhaanamaayum itali raajyathinte oru pathipp oru valia itaaliyan ithara nagaratthinte madhyathil sthaapikkaan shramikkunnu. itharathilulla enclave palappozhum munkaalathe kudiyetta kaalaghattangalude falamaanu, eee samayat ore samskaarathilulla aalukal chila pradeshangalil orumichu sthirathaamasamaakki. nagarangal aadhunikavalkkarikkappedum valarukayum cheythathode, eee pradeshangal avarude vamseeya asosiyeshanukalkku perukettathum "littil itali" polulla vamseeya ayalpakkangal thazhachuvalarnnathum avaa innu pratheekangalayi maarukayum cheythu.
aantharika kudiyettangal.
itaaliyan bhoomishaasthraparamaaya athirthikalkkullil itali ganyamaaya aabhyanthara kudiyettavum anubhavichittundu. pathinonnam noottaandil vadakkan italiyil ninnulla sainikarum kudiyettakkaarum (akkaalat koottaayi "lombardy" ennu vilikkappedunna) thekkan italiyile norman adhinivesha samayat sisiliyude madhya, kizhakkan bhaagangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiyathaanu ettavum pazhaya kudiyettam. aleramichi kudumbatthile amgamaaya adalide dell vaasttoyumaayi sisiliyile norman rajaavaaya rogger onnaaman nadatthiya vivaahathin sesham, niravadhi lombard kolanikkaar avarude janmadesham upekshichu, peedmondileyum liguriayileyum aleramisiyude swathukkalil sisili dveepil sthirathaamasamaakki. vadakkan italiyil ninnu sisiliyilekkulla aalukalude kudiyettam pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare thudarnnu. ithe kaalayalavil vadakkan italiyil ninnulla aalukalum basilikkattayilekku kudiyeri. eee noottaandukalil sisiliyilekku kudiyeriya vadakkan italiyile janasamkhya ekadesham 200,000 aayirunnuvennu vishwasikkappedunnu. innum sisiliyil sannihitharaya avarude pingaamikale sisiliyude lombards ennu vilikkunnu. eee purathana kudiyettathetthudarnnu, sisiliyileyum basilikkattayileyum chila munisippaalittikalil, vadakkan uthbhavamulla bhaashaabhedangal innum samsaarikkappedunnu, sisiliyude gallo-itaalik, basilikkattayude gallo-itaalik ennivayaanu.
fraansil ninnu italiyilekku itaaliyan samsarikkunnavar ulppetta oru pradhana aabhyanthara kudiyettam. vezhsaay udambadikku sesham 1769-ll corsica republic oof jinovayil ninnu francilake kadannupoyi, athesamayam plompiyezhs karaarinte anantharafalamaayi 1860-ll peedmond-sardinia raajyathil ninnu francilake savoi naisinu chuttumulla pradeshavum kadannupoyi; fraansaiseshan rund kesukalilum sambhavichu, eee pradeshangalile itaaliyan samsaarikkunnavaril palarum italiyilekku kudiyeriyathinaal itaaliyan bhasha aprathyakshamaayi. franchine vivekavum narmmavum kootticherkkaan anuvadicha hitaparisodhanayekkurichu giuseppe garibaldi paraathippedukayum thudarnnulla varshangalil addehathinte anuyaayikalude oru samgham (itaaliyan savoyerdukalkkidayil) italiyil abhayam thedukayum cheythu. nallathine sambandhichidatholam, italiyilekkulla nicard itaaliyanmaarude kudiyetta prathibhasam "nicard exodus" ennariyappedunnu. 1859 vare itaaliyan korsikkayude audyogika bhashayaayirunnu. roome itali rajyavumaayi kootticherkkappettalppedu italiyil "corsican itaaliyanmaare" ulppeduthanamennu giuseppe garibaldi aavasyappettenkilum rajaavaaya immaanuval randaaman athu amgeekarichilla.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthikkum irupathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthikkum idayilaanu mattoru pradhana aabhyanthara kudiyettam nadannathu. maathrraajyavumaayi (trentino-alto adige, juuliyan march) ithuvare kootticherkkappedaathu "apradhana" pradeshangalil ninnu aduthulla itaaliyan raajyathekku seasonal kudiyettakkaare maattunnath ithil ulppedunnu. purushanmaar saadhaaranayaayi mill thozhilaallikalaayum "moletti" (grinderukal), charkuttari ennivayaayum jolie cheythu; sthreekal pakaram nagarangalil allengil sambanna kudumbangalil sevana udyogastharaayo jolie cheythu. eee kudiyettam saadhaaranayaayi seasonal aayirunnu (prathyekichu purushanmaarkk), karshakarkk bhoomi jolie cheyyaan kazhiyaatha shaithyakaalathinte savisheshathayaanu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil eee deshaadana pashchaathalam trentinoyum gudicarian purohitan trentino sahakaranathinte pithavumaaya doonn lorenzo gwetti padichu, addeham thante oru lekhanathil ezhuthi, "itali illaayirunnengil, njangal gudicarianmaar pattini kidannu marikkendivarum".
1920 muthal 1940 vareyulla phaasist kaalaghattatthil parimithamaaya aabhyanthara kudiyettam nadannu. benitoo musoliniyude neethrthwathilulla bharanakoodam eee deshaadana prasthaanangale athirthathinaal eee prasthaanangale thadassappeduthukayum ennaal avasaanippikkathirikkum cheytha niyamanirmmaana nadapadikal nadappaakki. kudiyettakkaaranu lakshyasthana munisippaalitti aasthaanamaayulla oru kambaniyil ninnu oru thozhil karar undengil maathram mattoru itaaliyan munisippaalittiyilekk maattaan anuvadikkunna 1939 leeii niyamamaan oru udaaharanam. akkaalat, aabhyanthara deshaadana pravahangalil graamapradesangalil ninnu nagarangalilekkulla kaimattavum ulppettirunnu, oru itaaliyan mekhalaykkidayil sambhavikkunna "kudiyettam" ennathinekkaal kooduthal shariyaayi nirvachikkappedunna "mobility" ennaanu eee neekkangal.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, 1947-leeii italiyumaayulla samadhana udambadi prakaram, itali raajyathinte pradeshangal (isthriya, kwarner, juuliyan maarchinte bhooribhaagavum, dalmatian nagaramaya saara) aadyam marshell josip broze tittoyude yougoslaviayile janakeeya vimochana sainyam kaivashappeduthukayum pinneedu yugoslavia pidichedukkukayum cheythath istriyan-dalmatian palaayanamkk kaaranamaayi. ithu 230,000 muthal 350,000 vare praadeshika itaaliyan vamsajarum (istriyan itaaliyanmaarum dalmatian itaaliyanmaarum) mattullavar vamseeya slovenian, vamseeya croatian, vamseeya istro-romanian vamshajarumaaya itaaliyan pourathvam nilanirthaan thiranjedukkunnathilekku nayichu. bhooribhaagavum italiyilekkum cheria thothil america, austreliya, dakshinaafrikka ennividangalilekkum pooyi. eee pashchaathalatthil monfalconese kappalshaalakalude purappadum undaayirunnu, avide 1946 num 1948 num idayil fiyaminteyum polayudeyum kappalsaalakalil thangalude professional kazhivukal vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinaayi freuli-venesia giulia ekadesham 2,000 thozhilaallikal yougoslaviayilekku kudiyeri.
1943ll phaasist bharanathinte pathanavum 1945ll randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanavum oru itaaliyan mekhalayil ninnu mattoru itaaliyan mekhalayilekku valia aabhyanthara kudiyettam aarambhichu. 1950-num 1960-num idayil itali anubhavicha saambathika valarcha eee aabhyanthara kudiyettam nilanirthukayum nirantharam vardhippikkukayum cheythu. niravadhi vyaavasaayika pravartthanangalude jananathil ulppettirunna vadakkupadinjaaran italiye sambandhicha eee saambathika valarcha kanakkiledukkumbol, deshaadana prathibhasangal valia thothil neengaan thudangiya trivanettayileyum thekkan italiyileyum karshakare baadhichu. vadakkan italiyile mattu pradesangalaaya manduva, crimona thudangiya graamapradeshangaleyum kudiyettam baadhichu. milan, tourin, warres, coomoo, leco, brianza ennivayaayirunnu eee kudiyettakkaarude lakshyasthaanangal. melpparanja pradeshangalile grameena janasamkhya vadakku-padinjaaran valia vyaavasaayika kendrangalilekku, prathyekichu "vyaavasaayika trikonam" ennu vilikkappedunna pradeshathekku, allengil tourin, milan, genova ennee nagarangalile trikonangalulla tribhujathinu anuyojyamaaya pradeshathekku kudiyeraan thudangi. madhya, thekkan italiyile chila nagarangal polum (bharana, thritheeya mekhalakalile thozhil kaaranam kudiyettatthinte lakshyamayirunna roome polullava) vyakthamaaya kudiyetta ozhukk anubhavichu. eee deshaadana neekkangalkkoppam graamapradesangalil ninnu cheria nagarangalilekku maarunnathum parvathapradeshangalil ninnu samathalangalilekku yaatra cheiyunnathum polulla kuranja theevrathayulla mattu ozhukkukalum undaayirunnu.
kudiyettakkaarude uthbhavasthalangalile jeevita saahacharyangal (valare kadinamaayava), sthirathayulla joliyude abhavam, uyarnna daaridryanirakku, pala kaarshika pradeshangaludeyum mosham phalabhooyishtatha, ellaattinumupariyaayi thekkan italiyude savisheshathayaaya bhooswathukkalude vibhajanam, samghaditha kuttakrithyangal moolamundaakunna arakshithaavastha ennivayumaayi bandhappettathaan eee vanthothilulla deshaadana pravaahathinu kaaranamaaya pradhana kaaranagal. saambathika kuthichuchaattatthinte samayat vadakkum thekkan italiyum thammilulla saambathika vidavu vardhichathode thekkan italikkaarkku raajyathinte vadakkott kudiyeraanulla kooduthal prachodanamaayi ithu maari. dasalakshakkanakkinu italikkaare videshathekku kudiyeraan prerippichathinu thulyamaayirunnu kaaranagal.
1960kalude madhyathil, 1955num 1963num idayil, aabhyanthara deshaadana prasthaanangalude unnathiyilethi. 1958 muthal 1963 vareyulla anchu varshangalil 13 laksham aalukal thekkan italiyil ninnu kudiyeri. vyaavasaayika trikonathile sitti registry offeesukalile rajistreshanukal moonnirattiyaayi vardhichu, 1958-ll 69,000 puthiya varavu 1963-ll 183,000 aayum 1964-ll 200,000 aayum. sradheyamaaya kudiyetta prathibhasam anubhavicha tourin, 1960-ll 64,745 puthiya varavu, 1961-ll 84,426,1962-ll 79,742 enniva rekhappeduthi. deshaadana ozhukk valare valuthaayirunnu, ferrovi dello staatto "trino dell soul" (sooryante train) enna peril oru prathyeka vaahanavyooham sthaapichu, athu palermoyil ninnu purappett itaaliyan upadveep muzhuvan kadannu tourinil ethi.
1960kalude avasaanathode eee sthalangalile mechappetta jeevita saahacharyangal kaaranam nirthalaakkiya venettoyil ninnulla deshaadana pravaahathode kudiyettatthinte mandagathiyilulla idivu aarambhichu. thekkan italiyil ninnulla kudiyettam mandagathiyilaayenkilum avasaanichilla, motham aabhyanthara kudiyettavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol avayude sathamaanam vardhichu; 1952 num 1957 num idayil avar motham kudiyettatthinte 17 sathamaanavum 1958 num 1963 num idayil avar motham kudiyettatthinte 30 sathamaanavum prathinidheekarichu.
1968num 1970num idayilaanu italiyude thekk ninnu vadakkott avasaanamaayi 60,000 perr athiyirunnathu. 1969ll thurinil 60,000 perr athiyappol athil pakuthiyum thekkan italiyil ninnaan, athe varsham thanne 70,000 kudiyettakkaar lombardyilethi. tourinil eee deshaadana kodumudiye kooduthal vashalakki, ithu thekk ninnu 15,000 kudiyettakkaare niyamikkunna oru recruitment kaambayin nadatthi. eee samkhyakal tourin thalasthaanathu, ellaattinumupariyaayi, bhavananirmmaanathil niravadhi prashnangalkk kaaranamaayi. janangalude eee nirantharamaaya ozhukk tourin janasamkhyaye 1951-ll 719,000 nivaasikalil ninnu 1971-ll 1,168,000 aayi uyarthi. 1970-nuu sesham varavil sakthamaaya sankocham undaayi, ithu 1973-leeii enna prathisandhiyude samayat sambhavichu, kudiyettakkaaril palarum avarude uthbhavasthalangalilekku madangi.
mothatthil, thekk ninnu vadakkan italiyilekku marria itaaliyanmaarude ennam 4 dashalakshamaayirunnu. graamapradesangalil ninnu valia nagarangalilekkulla kudiyettavum 1980kalil churungukayum pinneedu nirthukayum cheythu. athesamayam, idatharam nagarangalilekkum cherukida graamangalilekkum deshaadana prasthaanangal vardhichu.
1990kalil, raajyathinte thekk ninnu vadakkottulla deshaadana pravaham oru nischitha sthirathayode punaraarambhichu, ennirunnaalum 1960kalude athe nilavaaratthilalla. eee prathibhasam swimes instittyoott ("association phoor dhii development oof industry inn dhaa southu" ennathinte churukkapperil) rekhappeduthiyittundu. thekkan italiyude pradeshangalil ninnu kudiyetta pravaahangal thudarunnu, pradhana lakshyasthaanangal raajyathinte vadakkukizhakkan bhaagavum madhya italiyumaanu. aantharika kudiyettakkaare sweekarikkunnathil ettavum sajeevamaaya pradeshangal lombardy, venetto, emilia-romagna, tuscani, ambria ennivayaanu.
itaaliyan emigreshante deseeya museum.
italiyile genovayile commenda dii saan jiovanni dii prail itaaliyan emigreshante deseeya museum (, "meyy") undu. moonnu nilakalilum 16 prameya mekhalakalilum vyaapichukidakkunna pradarshana idam, italiyude ekeekaranathinu munbulla itaaliyan kudiyettatthinte prathibhaasatthe vivarikkunnu. itaaliyan emigreshante deseeya museum istittoosiyon musey dell maare iii delle migrassioniyude (myoo.maa, "kadal, kudiyetta myoosiyangalude sthaapanam"), 2005 ll sthaapithamaayi, athil gaalatta-museo dell maare, pegliyile naavika museum, genova laitt housinte smaaraka samuchayam ennivayum ulppedunnu.
italiyude vividha bhaagangalil ninnulla dasalakshakkanakkinu itaaliyakkaar athinte thuramukhathu ninnu america, aphrica, eshya, austreliya ennividangalilekku kappalil purappettathinal myoosiyathinte sthalamaayi genova thiranjedutthathu aakasmikamayirunnilla. itaaliyan kudiyettam enna vishayam kaikaaryam cheiyunna akkaalathe aathmakathakal, dayarikal, kathukal, photographukal, pathra lekhanangal ennivayiloode museum kathakal vivarikkunnu. kooduthal krithyamaayi paranjaal, myoosiyathinte 16 mekhalakal kaalakramatthilum prameyaparamaaya kaazhchappaadilum itaaliyan kudiyettatthe vivarikkunnu. 16 mekhalakalilum oronnum archive steshanukal, samvedanaathmaka multimedia steshanukal, viidiyoo projectionukal enniva sajjeekarichirikkunnu.
2008 desember 3 nuu itaaliyan videshakaarya mantraalayam audyogikamaayi sthaapicha itaaliyan emigreshante deseeya museum, romile aaltaare della paatriyayude aantharika edangalil athinte thaalkkaalika aasthaanam sthaapichu. myoosiyathil pradarshippikkenda vasthukkalude shekharanavum pattikappedutthalum nadathiyathu videshakaarya manthraalayavum itaaliyan saamskaarika manthraalayavum niravadhi itaaliyan gaveshana sthaapanangalumaanu. 2009ll alttaare della patriyayil museum udghaadanam cheyyukayum 2016ll myoosiyathinte krithyamaaya sthaanam kandethunnathinulla nadapadikramangal aarambhichappol thaalkkaalikamaayi adachupoottukayum cheythu, ithu 2018ll genovayile commenda dii saan jiovanni dii prail vannu. 2022 meyy maasathilaanu janeevayile myoosiyathinte krithyamaaya sthaanam udghaadanam cheythath.

