
swabhaava savisheshatha ascription pakshapaatham

vyakthithvam, perumaattam, maanasikavastha ennivayude kaaryatthil "svayam" thaarathamyena vyathyaasappettirikkunnu ennu aalukal kaanukayum athesamayam vyathyastha saahacharyangaliludaneelam mattullavare avarude vyakthiparamaaya swabhaavangalil kooduthal pravachikkaavunna reethiyil kaanukayum cheiyunna pravanathayaanu swabhaava savisheshatha ascription pakshapaatham. kooduthal vyakthamaayi paranjaal, oraalude swantham perumaattatthe saahacharyaparamaaya gadakangalude adisthaanathil vivarikkanulla pravanathayaanu, athesamayam mattoraalude swabhaavathe avarude vyakthithvathinu sthiramaaya swabhaavangal nalki vivarikkan eshtappedunnu. mattullavare apekshichu aalukalude swantham aantharika avasthakal kooduthal eluppathil nireekshikkaknathum avarkk labhyamaayathumaan ithu sambhavikkunnath.
eee aatribyooshanal pakshapaatham negatteevu effectinoppam steeriodaippukalum munvidhikalum roopappeduthunnathilum paripaalikkunnathilum avabodhajanyamaayi oru punk vahikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, aadhunika manahshaasthrathilum saamoohika shaasthra gaveshanathilum swabhaavasavisheshathakalude vivaranavum swabhaavasavisheshathakale adisthaanamaakkiyulla vyakthithva maathrkakalum vivaadamaayi thudarunnu. swabhaava savisheshathakalude vivarana pakshapaatham ennathu saahacharyaparavum swabhaavaparavumaaya vilayiruthalineyum vyakthiparamaaya thalatthilulla vyakthithva savisheshathakalude vivaranatheyum soochippikkunnu. group thalatthilulla samanamaaya pakshapaathatthe outgroup homogenity bayas ennu vilikkunnu.
avalokanam.
swabhaavasavisheshathakalude vivaranavum athumaayi bandhapetta vaijnjaanika pakshapaathavum moonnu pathittaandilereyaayi sajeevamaaya gaveshana vishayamaan. mattu pala vaijnjaanika pakshapaathangaleyum pole, swabhaava savisheshathakalude vivarana pakshapaathatthe ganyamaaya pareekshanathmaka gaveshanangal pinthunaykkunnu, koodaathe vividha vishayangalil ninnu uthbhavikkunna niravadhi saidhaanthika chattakkoodukalude adisthaanathil vishadeekarichittundu. attribution sidhaantham (nireekshicha sambhavangalude kaaranagal aalukal engane nirnnayikkunnu ennathumaayi bandhapetta), anchu ghadaka maathruka polulla vyakthithva vivarana sidhaanthangal, vyakthithva vilayiruthalukal saadhuthayulla saahacharyangalekkurichulla pravartthanangal ennivayaanu eee chattakkoodukalil ulppedunnathu. turner, johns, kamar, funder enniva seminal varkkukalil ulppedunnu. parimithamaaya vivarangaludeyo nireekshanangaludeyo adisthaanathil mattu vyakthikalkk swabhaavasavisheshathakal thettayi nalkunnathu steeriyodaippukal, munvidhikal thudangiya chila saamoohika prathibhaasangalude roopeekaranathilum nilanilppilum oru punk vahikkunnu. athupole, labinu purathulla vyakthithva vilayiruthalukalil swabhaavasavisheshathakal soochippikkunna pakshapaathatthinte swaadheenam laghookarikkunnathinulla reethikalum saamoohika shaasthranjarkku thaalpparyamullathaanu. vyakthithva vivaranathinte swabhaavasavisheshathakalulla sidhaanthangalkkum saarvathrikavum nilanilkkunnathumaaya swabhaavasavisheshathakalekkura ashayathinum swaabhaavikamaaya aakarshanamundengilum, chila gaveshakar laboratoric purathulla avayude nilanilppine vimarsikkukayum swabhaavasavisheshathakale soochippikkunna phalangal avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu, thalphalamaayi swabhaavasavisheshathakalekkura pakshapaatham, avaye "kandethaan" charitraparamaayi upayogikkunna reethikalude avashishtangalaan. vimarsanam onnukil vyakthithva swabhaavasavisheshathakalude abhaavathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu (anchu ghadaka vivaranagalkk virudhamaayi), allengil falangalekkurichum vivaranathinte badal samvidaanangalekkurichum vyathyasthamaaya vyaakhyaanangal nirddeshikkunnu, ithu nilavilulla srishtiyude vyaapthi parimithappedutthunnu.
thelivukal.
swabhaavasavisheshathakale pinthunaykkunna anubhavaparamaya thelivukalum athinu adithara paakunna manahshaasthra samvidaanangalum manashaasthrathileyum saamoohika shaasthrathileyum vaividhyamaarnna gaveshanangalil ninnaan varunnath.
nadanum nireekshakanum.
mattullavarkk thangaletthanne baadhikkaatha swabhaavasavisheshathakalum swabhaavangalum nalkunnathil aalukal pakshapaathaparamaanennu aadyam vaadichavaril johnsum nisbettum ulppedunnu. oru supervisorode mosham prakadanam vishadeekarikkunna vidyaarthiyude classic udaaharanathil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond (athil supervisor vidyaarthiyude vishadeekaranangal upariplavamaayi vishwasichekkaam, pakshe prakadanam "shaashvathamaaya gunangal" moolamaanennu sarikkum karuthunnu kazhivillaayma, alasata, kazhivillaayma muthalaayava.) avarude nadanum nireekshakanumaaya asamathva vaadam swabhaava savisheshathakalude vivarana pakshapaathathekkurichulla samvaadathinte adisthaanamaanu.
kamar mattullavarum..
1982 ll beaulfeld sarvakalashaalayil ninnulla ambathiyaaru biruda manahshaasthra vidyaarthikal ulppetta oru padanatthil, kamar thudangiyavar. 20 swabhaavasavisheshathakalil oronninum vishayangal avarude swantham vyathiyaanathe avarude samapraayakkaare apekshichu ganyamaayi uyarnnathaanennu vilayiruthiyathayi theliyichu. sankeernamaaya saahacharya gadakangalude chalanathmaka ulppannamaayi swantham perumaattatthe kaanumbol sthiramaaya swabhaavathinte adisthaanathil mattullavarude perumaattatthe vivarikkan aalukal nirddeshikkunna jonsinteyum nisbettinteyum munkaala srishtikale adisthaanamaakki, oraalude swantham perumattangal sthirathayillaathavayaanenna vilayiruthappedunnuvennu kamar anumaanichu (athaayath.iii. pravachikkaavunnathra allah) ennaal mattullavarude perumaattathekkaal uyarnna theevratha (prathyeka swabhaavasavisheshathakale sambandhichidatholam) ullathaanu. oro vidyaarthiyum thangaleyum oru swavarga suhruthineyum swabhaava-vivarana padangalude rund samana pattikakal upayogichu vivarikkanamennu pareekshanatthil undaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, aadhipathyathinte swabhaavathekkurichu vidyaarthiyodu aadyam chodichathu "pothuve, ningal ethratholam prabalanaan?"ennittu" ningal ethratholam aadipathyamullavaraanu ennathil ningal oru saahacharyathil ninnu mattonnilekku ethratholam vyathyaasappettirikkunnu?"kamarinte phalangal addehathinte sidhaanthathe shakthamayi pinthunachu.
swabhaavasavisheshathakal nalkunnathinte "swabhaavam".
david sii. vyakthithva savisheshathakal nalkunnathinte "swabhaavavisheshathe" kurichulla funderinte pravartthanam mattullavarkk vyathiyaanam nalkaatha vyakthikalude manahshaasthrathe kurichu anweshikkunnu (athaayath.iii. pravachanaatheethathayude abhavam) avar svayam nalkunnu, pakaram swabhaavasavisheshathakal nalkaanum perumaattatthinte swabhaavaparamaaya vishadeekaranangal anumanikkaanum avar eshtappedunnu. attributionil nadan-nireekshaka asamathvam ennariyappedunna aalukal thangalekkaal kooduthal swabhaavasavisheshathakal mattullavarkk nalkunnuvennu pothuve sthaapikkappettittundu, ennaal chila vyakthikal mattullavare apekshichu swabhaava savisheshathakal aatribyushanukal undakkaan kooduthal chaayvullavaraanu ennathaanu funderinte sidhaantham, avar aare vivarikkunnu ennathu pariganikkathe thanne. pareekshanatthil, arupathimoonnu birudadhaarikal thangalekkurichum avarude uttasuhrithinekkurichum parichayakkaaranekkurichum vivarikkan aavasyappetta chodyaavalikalude oru parambara poorippichu. irupathu jody dhruva virudha swabhaava padangalkku (udha.jii. "souhrudaparavum souhaarddaparamallaathathumaya") vishayangal onnukil vyakthiye oru vyathirikthamaya thalatthil rank cheiyukayo allengil "saahacharyathe aashrayich" thiranjedukkukayo cheiyunnu, ithu vishayathe "oru swabhaavaparamaaya vivaranam undaakkaathirikkaan" anuvadikkunnu."vishayangalude moonnaam kakshi kyu-sortt vyakthithva vivaranangale adisthaanamaakki, chila negatteevu vyakthithva swabhaavasavisheshathakal mattullavarkk swabhaavam nalkunna pravanathayulla vishayangalumayi bandhappettirikkunnu, athesamayam" "akarshakam", "" "rasakaram", "" "sahaanubhoothiyulla" "thudangiya swabhaavasavisheshathakal swabhaavasavisheshathakal nalkathirikkaan ishtappedunnavarumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu". eee phalam saadhaaranayaayi steeriodaippukalum munvidhikalum prolsaahippikkunnathi bandhapetta vyakthithvathinte tharavumayi poruthappedunnu.
saidhaanthikamaaya adisthaanam.
vividha vishayangalil ninnulla anubhavaparamaya falangalaal, prathyekichu manahshaasthrathil ninnum saamoohika manahshaasthrathil ninnum, swabhaava savisheshathakal soochippikkunna pakshapaathatthe vivarichittundenkilum, pakshapaathatthinte samvidaanam vishadeekarikkunnathu vyakthithva vivarana saahitya sidhaanthathil oru vivaadaparamaaya prashnamaayi thudarunnu.
labhyatha huristic.
avarude (mattullavarude) perumaattatthinte udaaharanagal ethra eluppathil manassil varunnu ennathinte adisthaanathil aalukal theerumaanangal edukkaan (mattullavarude vyakthithvangalekkuricha ulppede) nirddeshikkunna oru cognitive hyooristikkine twersky kahneman vivarikkunnu. ithu jonsinteyum nisbettinteyum vaadangalumaayi poruthappedunnuvennu thonnunnu, mattullavar nireekshicha phalangal aalukal parichayakkarekkaal suhruthukkalkku kurachu swabhaavasavisheshathakal nalkunnuvennum suhruthukkalekkaal kurachu sthira swabhaavasavisheshathakal thangalkk undennum kandethi, ithu eluppathil thirichuvilikkunnathine soochippikkunnu.
attribution sidhaantham.
mattullavarude perumaattatthinte kaaranagal aalukal engane manassilakkukayum vilayiruthukayum cheiyunnathil attribution oru punk vahikkunnu, ithu mattullavarkk swabhaavasavisheshathakal nalkunna reethiye badhikkunnu. "aatribyooshanal" sidhaantham aalukal pinneedu perumatta kaaranagal engane vilayiruthunnu ennathumaayi bandhappettathaan, ithu swabhaava savisheshathakalumaayum anubandha pakshapaathangalumaayum prasakthamaanu. prathyekichum, attribution (aatribyooshanal) sidhaantham vyakthikal swabhaava savisheshathakal vezhsas ennu visheshippikkunnathil ninnu maattivaykkunna samvidaanam vishadeekarikkaan sahayikkum. nireekshakarkkulla saahacharyaparamaaya vyathiyaanam.
anchu valia vyakthithva savisheshathakal.
valia anchu vyakthithva swabhaavasavisheshathakal (allengil anchu ghadaka maathruka) vyakthikale krithyamaayi vivarikkan kazhiyunna sakthamaaya oru koottam swabhaavasavisheshathakal nalkunnu. perumaattatthil prakadamaakunna saamskaarikavum nilanilkkunnathumaaya swabhaavasavisheshathakalundenum vyakthikale shariyaayi visheshippikkukayaanenkil, oru nadanu oru nireekshakanekkaal pravachanatheethamaaya shakti nalkaan kazhiyumennumulla ashayathe ithu pinthunaykkunnu.
laghookaranam.
swabhaava savisheshathakalude vivarana pakshapaatham, athinu adithara paakunna saidhaanthika samvidaanangal pariganikkathe, kattil nireekshikkappedunna vividha saamoohika prathibhasangalil avabodhajanyamaayi oru punk vahikkunnu. stereotyping, munvidhikalude manobhaavangal, negatteevu ephakt ennivayil, cheria vivarangalude adisthaanathilo vivarangalillathathilo "gutt inkttin" kaludeyo adisthaanathil mattu aalukalodu swabhaavam (swabhaavasavisheshathakal) aaropikkunnath ulppedunnu, ithu pakshapaatham enna swabhaavathinu thulyamaanu. athinaal, samoohathil avayude swaadheenam kuraykkunnathinu vaijnjaanika pakshapaathangal laghookarikkunnathil chila gaveshakarkk thaalpparyamund.
vimarsanam.
swabhaava savisheshathakalude vivarana pakshapaatham niravadhi mekhalakalil vimarsanangalkk vidheyamaayittundu. prathyekichum, swabhaavasavisheshathakalude vivaranavum swabhaavasavisheshathakalude ashayavum kevalam reethishaasthrathinte karakaushalavasthukkalaanennum parambaraagatha njaanathinu virudhamaaya phalangal upayogikkunna pareekshanathmaka roopakalppanakalil lalithamaaya mattangal varuthunnathiloode nedaan kazhiyumennum chilar vaadichittundu. koodaathe, traatt ascription pakshapaathatthinte saidhaanthika adithara parimithikalum "samshayaaspadamaaya aashayaparamaaya" anumaanangalum thirichariyunnathil paraajayappettathin vimarshikkappedunnu.

