maacheras

maricha kadalinte kizhakk bhaagath jordan nadiyude mukhathinu thekkukizhakkayi aadhunika jordaanile mukaaveer graamatthil sthithicheyyunna oru hasmonian kunnin mukalile kottaravum marubhoomi kotta aayirunnu maacheras ([oru vaal];;). jootha-roma charitrakaaranaaya flavius josephasinte abhipraayathil, snaapanametta joonn jayililadaykkappedukayum vadhikkappedukayum cheytha sthalamaayirunnu ithu. baibilinte kaalakramam (;) anusarichu, pesaha aaghoshathinu thottumunbu ekadesham 32-ll rund varshathe thadavinu sesham vadhasiksha nadappaakki. naalu puthiya niyama roopangalkku koodi eee sthalam krameekaranam nalkunnu mahanaaya naayakan; addehathinte makan, tetrarch herode antipas; addehathinte randaamathe bhaarya, rajakumaariyaaya herodias; avarude makal, rajakumaariyaaya salom.
charithram.
bisi 90ll hasmonian rajaavaaya alexander janius (bisi 104-bisi 78) aanu maacheras kotta nirmmichathu. athinte uyarnna, paarakkettukalulla sthalathekku athicheraan prayasamaayirunnu, kizhakk ninnulla akramanangal avide ninnu eluppathil kaanaan kazhiyum. mattu hasmonian (pinneedu herodian) kottakalude kaazhchayude variyilayirunnathinaal chakravaalatthil prasnangal prathyakshappettal mattu kottakale soochippikkaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, bii. sii. 57-ll pompeyude general gabinius ithu nashippichuvenkilum pinneedu bii. sii. 30-ll mahanaaya naayakan jordaninu kizhakkulla thante pradeshangal samrakshikkunnathinaayi oru sainika thaavalamaayi ithu punarnirmmichu.
mahanaaya naayakante maranashesham, bii. sii. 4 muthal eiii. dii. 39 vare bharicha addehathinte makan nayakanaaya aantipaasin kotta kaimari. eee samayathaan, eiii. dii onnaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, snaapanametta joonn maakkerasil thadavilaakkappedukayum shirachhedam cheyyukayum cheythath.
eiii. dii 39-ll nayakanaaya aantipaasine sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayum naadukadatthukayum cheythathinushesham, eiii. dii 44-ll marikkunnathuvare maacheras nayakanaaya agrippa onnaaman kaimari, athinusesham athu roman niyanthranatthilaayi. eiii. dii. dii sesham aadyathe jootha kalaapasamayath jootha vimathar niyanthranam etteduthu. herodiathile jootha kaavalppadaye paraajayappedutthiyathinu thottupinnaale, roman legettu lucilius basses thante sainyavumayi mackerasilekku munnerukayum eiii. dii 72-ll uparodham aarambikkukayum cheythu. roman uparodha enchinukal sugamamakkunnathinaayi oru karayum rambum srishtichenkilum jootha vimathar roman akramanam aarambhikkunnathin munbu keezhadangi. vimatharkk pookaan anuvaadam nalkukayum kotta thakarkkukayum cheythu, aditharakal maathram kedupaadukal sambhavikkathe avasheshichu.
design.
joothayuddham" enna 7.6.1 eph. eph. enna pusthakatthil josephus makkerasinekkurichu poornnamaaya vivaranam nalkunnu. mritha samudranirappil ninnu ekadesham 1,100 meter uyarathil sthithi cheiyunna eee kunnin mukalil ellah vashathum valia prakrithi shakti nalkunna aazhathilulla malayidukkukalaal chuttappettirikkunnu. padinjaarulla thaazhvara 60 stadiyangal mrithakkadal vare vyaapichukidakkunnu (josephus ithine thadaakam asphaltaitis ennu vilikkunnu). kizhakkulla thaazhvara nooru muzham (150 adii) aazhathil thaazhekku pathikkunnu.
mahanaaya naayakan eee sthalathe ettavum sakthamaaya kottaykku arhamaayi kanakkakki, prathyekichu arabiayumaayi saameepyam ullathinaal. parvathatthinte mukalil, kodumudiye chuttipattiyulla 100 meter neelavum 60 meter veethiyumulla, oro arupath muzham (90 adii) uyaramulla moonnu moola gopurangalulla oru kotta mathil addeham nirmmichu. kottakettya pradeshatthinte madhyathilaanu kottaram nirmmichathu. mazhavellam shekharikkunnathinaayi niravadhi kulangal orukki.
naasaratthile yeshuvine pontius pailettu vidhicha jarusalem praitoriyatthile herodian gabbathaykku ettavum aduthathum nilavilullathumaaya puraavastu samaantharangalilonnayi rajakeeya muttam kanakkaakkappedunnu.
khananam.
parvathathinu kizhakkulla peedabhoomiyilulla graamathe mukaaveer ennu vilikkunnu (chilappol makaaver ennum vilikkunnu). 1807ll frisian paryavekshakanaaya alrichu jasper seetsan eee sthalam sandarshikkukayum graamatthinte peru greak bhashayil maacherasinte peru addehathe oormmippikkukayum cheythu. 1968ll thekkan baptist daivashaasthra seminariyile jerry vardhamanum pinneedu mississippi stettu yooniversittiyile cob instittyoott oof archaeology directorumaayirunnu maacherasinte puraavastu khananam aarambhichath. 1973ll jarmman pandithanaaya august strobel kottaykkullil romacar prathirodhakkaare valanja mathiline thirichariyukayum padikkukayum cheythu. jerusalemile studiyam biblicum fraansiskaanathil ninnu virjiliyo corbo, staanislaavo lofreda, mishel pikkirillo ennivar chernnaanu 1978-1981 ll khananagal nadathiyathu.
kottakettya pradeshathinullil murikal, oru valia muttam, vipulamaaya kulimuri ennivayulppede herodian kottaaratthinte avashishtangal undu, thara mosaikkinte sakalangal ippozhum avasheshikkunnu. kunninte kizhakkan charivinu thazheyaayi mattu mathilukalum gopurangalum undu, orupakshe "thaazhnna pattanatthe" prathinidheekarikkunnu, athinekkurichu josephus ezhuthiyittundu. kizhakk ninnu varunnathum, kottayude thottikalilekku vellam konduvannathum kandethavunnathaanu. eee pradeshathu kandethiya manpathrangal hellenistic kaalaghattatthinte avasaanam muthal roman kaalaghattangal vare vyaapichukidakkunnu, koodaathe rund pradhana adhinivesha kaalaghattangalaaya hasmonian (bii. sii. 90-57 bii. sii), herodian (bii. sii. 30-eiii. dii 72) enniva sthireekarikkunnu, eiii. dii 72 nuu thottupinnaale oru hrasvamaaya punaradhivasavum athinusesham mattonnum illa-romacar eee sthalathu sandarshicha nasham valare poornnavum chittappeduthiyathumaayinu.
anaestylosis.
2014 leeii vasanthakaalath, puraavastu gaveshakanaaya gizo voros, hangarian akkadami oof artsil ninnulla oru teaminoppam jordaanile puraavastu director generalaya prins ell hassan biinn talal, monther jamhavi ennivarumaayi sahakarichu, anastilosis thathwathinte adisthaanathil saittil rund purathana kolangalude punarnirmmanavum punarnirmmanavum poortthiyaakki. rajakeeya muttathu ninnulla oru doric nirayum rajakeeya kulimuriyil ninnulla oru ionic nirayum vrithiyaakki "inn sittuvil" samrakshikkukayum stainless steel empolia (plugukal) upayogichu bandhippikkukayum avaa nirayude madhyabhaagathulla yadhaartha empolia dwaarangalil cherkkukayum cheythu. puraavastu kandethalukalude adisthaanathil kottaram enganeyaayirikkumennathi digital punarnirmmanavum samgham srishtichu.

