
eurasian renn

eurasiayilum aafrikkayilum (magreb) kaanapedunna trogloditidae kudumbatthile eaka amgamaaya valare cheria keedabhakshana pakshiyaanu eurasian renn (troglodites troglodites) allengil northen renn. aamglophon europil ithu saadhaaranayaayi renn ennaanu ariyappedunnathu. ithinu valare cheria vaalum palappozhum nivarnnunilkkunnathum, cheria kazhuthum thaarathamyena neelamulla nerttha nolum undu. mukalil russet braun niravum thaazhe manjaniramulla buff braun niravum cream buff supersilyavum undu. lingabhedam orupoleyaanu.
kizhakkan vadakke amerikkayile "troglodites haimalis", padinjaaran vadakke amerikkayile "troglodites pasaphicus" enniva shaityakaala renn aayi eee inam orikkal kootticherkkappettirundu. vadakkan iraan, afgaanisthaan muthal jappan vareyulla eshyayude oru beltt ulppede europilum palearctic mekhalayiludaneelavum eurasian renn kaanapedunnu. athinte shreniyude vadakkan bhaagangalil maathramaan ithu deshaadanathinu vidheyamaakunnathu. paaserainukalkkulla asaadhaaranamaaya inacheral samvidaanamaaya ithu valare polygenous aanu.
dwaaravaasikal" ennartham varunna "troglodites" (τρογλη "hole", "creep") enna greak padatthil ninnaan shaasthreeya namam eduthathu, ithu sandhivrikshangale vettayaadumbozho valarthumbozho arakalilekko villalukalilekko aprathyakshamaakunna sheelathe soochippikkunnu. troglodites" janussinte vargeekaranam nilavil pariharikkappedaathathu, kaaranam sameepakaala tanmatra padanangal soochippikkunnathu "systothorus" spp ennaanu. koodaathe "threorkilus" spp. avaa nilavil "trogloditeukal" nirvachichirikkunna kledinullilaanu.
vargeekaranam.
1758-ll sweedish prakrithishaasthranjanaaya kaal linnaeus thante sistamaa naachureyude patthaam pathippil "motasilla troglodites" enna binomial naamatthil eurasian rene vivarichu. guhayil vasikkunnavan" ennartham varunna purathana greak "" enna vakkil ninnaan eee prathyeka namam vannath ". 1555-ll jarmman prakrithishaasthranjanaaya konraad gesner thante "historiya animarium" enna kruthiyil eurasian renn ennathinu "passer troglodite" enna laattin namam upayogichirunnu. 1809-ll franch pakshishaasthranjanaaya luis piyar viyilottu avatharippicha "troglodites" janussil eee inam ippol sthaapichittundu.
vintar renn ("troglodites haimalis"), pasaphik renn ("troglodites pasaphicus") ennee rund vadakke american inangalumaayi eurasian renn munbu nirddishtamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. chila pakshishaasthranjar eurasian renn, vintar renn, pasaphik renn enniva 1828 ll sweedish prakrithishaasthranjanaaya gustaf johann bilberg avatharippicha oru prathyeka janussaaya naanasil ulppeduthunnu.
vadakke amerikkayile boriyal vanangalil vasikkunna niravadhi pakshivarggangalil speeshiyeshan prothsaahippichathaayi karuthappedunna plistoseen himachakrangalkk valare munbuthanne ekadesham 4.3 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu "troglodites pasaphicus", "troglodites troglodites" enniva avasaanamaayi oru pothu poorvvikane pankittathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
eee vargeekaranaparamaayi sankeernamaaya pakshiyude 28 amgeekritha upajaathikalund. tharkkatthilulla upajaathikal tii. tii. ", daitto renn, 1940 oode vamshanasham sambhavichu-athu yadhaarthathil oru saadhuvaaya taxon aayirunnengil, oru aswaabhaavikathaye maathram adisthaanamaakkiyullathalla. angane skotlandil, saadhaarana pakshikalkk purame. tii. indigenous, "moonnu vyathyastha insular upajaathikalund onnu, tii. tii. hirtensis, "sent kilda dveepil parimithappedutthiyirikku; mattonn, tii. tii. setlaandikkas, "shetlaand dveepukalilekku; moonnaamathethu, tii. tii. friedariensis, "fair ailandilekku. sent kilda renn mukalil chaaraniravum thaazhe vella pinnil kooduthal samriddhamaaya baarukalumulla shetlaand renn, fair ail renn enniva irundathaanu.
vivaranam.
vrithaakrithiyilulla chirakukalum cheria vaalumulla oru thookkamullathum karuthuttathumaaya pakshiyaanu eurasian renn, ithu saadhaaranayaayi kuthiyidunnu. praayapoorthiyaaya pakshiyude neelam neelamullathum chirakukalullathumaanu. athu chuttum thoongunnu. ithu mukalil thavittuniravum thaazhe chaaraniravum chirakukalilum vaalilum polum irunda thavitt, chaaraniram enniva kondu vyakthamaayi thadasappettirikkunnu. nottu irunda thavitt niravum kaalukal ilam thavitt niravumaanu, kaalukalkk sakthamaaya nakhangalum valia pinkaalukalum undu. cheruppakkaaraaya pakshikalkk prathyekamaayi thadassamillaathathum avayude adiyil chithalukal ullathumaaya pakshikalundu. thoovalukal ganyamaaya vyathyaasathin vidheyamaan, janasamkhya ottappettirikkunnith, vyathiyaanam oru cheria roopathil allengil mattoru roopathil sthiramaayi.
shabdangal.
ettavum saadhaaranamaaya kooll moorchayullathum aavarthichullathumaya "tick-tick-tick" aanu, samanamaayathum ennaal vegathayeriyathum robintethinekkaal otappettathumaaya nottukal kuravumaanu. paksiye prakopippikkukayo aaveshabharithanaakkukayo cheyyumbol, athinte vilii "clock varkk thaazhekku oodunnathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi" enna sakthamaaya oru shabdathilekku neengunnu. vyakthavum theekshnavum oorjjaswalavumaaya madhurasamgeethathinte oru minnunna pottitheriyaanu eee gaanam. purushanu sradheyamaaya neelamullathum sankeernavumaaya shabdangalundu, onninupurake onnaayi sekkantukal tinkle trills undu. valippathil eee pakshiyude shabdam oru kokkaralinekkaal pathuvattam uchathilum bhaarathil bhaarathilumaanu. kurachu praadhamika svarangalil aarambikkunna gaanam oru trillilekku oodukayum alpam kayarukayum poornnamaaya svarangalil allengil mattoru trillil avasaanikkukayum cheiyunnu. vasanthakaalathaanu ettavum kooduthal shradhikkappedunnathe eathu seasonilum eee gaanam kelkkaam. saadhaaranayaayi eliyeppolulla perumaattam undaayirunnittum, shareeram muzhuvan parishramatthil ninnu viraykkumbol aanpakshi thuranna thaazhnna perchil ninnu paadiyekkaam. athinte paatt chilappol cheruthum durbalavumaaya warbilullah dannokkinte paattumayi aashayakkuzhappathilaayekkam. rente paattil aavarthichulla trill shabdangalum ulppedunnu, athesamayam dunnox allah.
vitharanavum aavaasavyavasthayum.
eurasian renn oru palearctic inamaanu. nominettu rays europil norwayil 67°ennilum sweeden, finland, russia ennividangalil 64°ennilum vare prajananam nadathunnu. vadakkan spain, thekkan france, itali, sisili, thekkan russia ennivayaanu pakshiyude thekkan paridhi. padinjaaran eshyayil vidoora kizhakk syriayilum ithu prajananam nadathunnu. island, pharoo dveepukal, shetlaand, hebrides, sent kilda ennividangalile mattu vamshangalum vadakku padinjaaran aphrica, spain, porchugal, baliaric dveepukal, corsica, sardinia, kreett, cypress ennividangalile mattu vamshangalum ithinu pakaramaayi varunnu. thekkan russiayilum jappanilum mattu vamshangalum kaanapedunnu.
poonthottangal, velikal, marangal, thottangal, vanangal, naanalttharikal ennivayulla, saadhaaranayaayi kuttikkaadukalum thaazhnna bhoopradesavum ulla eathutharam krishi cheythatho krishi cheyyaathatho aaya pradeshangal ulkkollunna vaividhyamaarnna aavaasavyavasthayaanu ivideyullathu. parakkettukaludeyo kuthirakaludeyo koombaarangal, parukkan mechilppurangal, moorland, paarakkettukalulla charivukal, paarakkettukalulla theerangal, kadal parakkettukal ennivayulla kooduthal thuranna sthalangalil ithu vasikkunnu.
swabhaavavum paristhithiyum.
ellaayppozhum sajeevamaaya oru pakshiyaanu renn, thurassaaya sthalatho kattiyulla sasyangalkkidayilo praanikale nirantharam vettayaadunnu. athu vegathil villalukaliloode neengunnu, villalukalilekku parishodhikkunnu, pazhaya kallukal parishodhikkunnu, veena marangalkk mukalilekku chaadunnu, avaykkidayil aazhathil nokkunnu. ithu chilappol melaarayil kooduthal uyarathil neengunnu, pakshe mikkappozhum nilathinadutthaayi nilkkunnu, palappozhum theerangalile ovarhaangukalkku keezhil ninnu flush cheyyappedunnu. chilappol athu oru miniyechar nuthaachu pole perumaarikkond maratthinte thandinte thaazhathe bhagam mukalilekku uyarthunnu. idaykkide athu parannuyarunnu, athinte hrasvamaaya parakkalukal vegathilum nerittum, pakshe nilanilkunnilla, athinte cheria vrithaakrithiyilulla chirakukal parakkumbol karangunnu.
eee cheria, stump-tailed renn europil robin pole thanne parichithamaanu. eliyeppoleyulla ithu bhakshanathinaayi vettayaadumbol eluppathil kazhcha nashtappedunnu, pakshe ettavum uyaramulla moorukalude mukalbhagam muthal kadaltheeram vare ellaayidathum kaanapedunnu.
shaithyakaalath polum uyarnna pradeshangalile oru pakshiyaya ithu mukalil manju kattiyullappol heaterilekku aprathyakshamaakunnu, ithu sarikkum oru troglodite aanu. ithu palappozhum poonthottangalum krishiyidangalum sandarshikkunnu, pakshe idathoornna vanangalilum vithu kidakkakalilum ithu valare samriddhamaanu.
raathriyil, saadhaaranayaayi shaithyakaalath, ithu palappozhum irunda retreatukalilum sukhakaramaaya dwaarangalilum pazhaya koodukalilum polum athinte shaasthreeya naamathinu anusrithamaayi vasikkunnu. kadinamaaya kaalaavasthayil, kudumbamo allengil ooshmalathaykkaayi othukoodiya niravadhi vyakthikaloo ulppedunna paarttikalil ithu cheythekkaam.
prajnana.
vadakkan europinteyum eshyayudeyum bhooribhaagathum, ithu kooduthalum coniferous vanangalil koodundaakkunnu, avide palappozhum athinte neelameriyathum aaveshakaravumaaya gaanathaal ithu thirichariyappedunnu. ithu oru keedabhukkaanuvaanenkilum, puramtholi, veena marangal thudangiya uparithalangalil praanikale meyikkunnathiloode mithamaaya thanuppilum manjuveezhchayulla kaalaavasthayilum nilanilkkaan kazhiyum. aann renn thante pradeshathu niravadhi koodukal nirmmikkunnu; ivaye "kozhi koodukal" ennu vilikkunnu, pakshe penn koodukal upayogikkaan thiranjedukkunnathuvare avaa orikkalum varivariyayi nilkkunnilla. oru pradeshathe koodukalude ennam sthreeyude inayude thiranjeduppine swaadheenikkunnu; aval munganana nalkunnathu niravadhi koodukal nirmmicha oru purushanumaayi inacherunnathaanu. pranayabandhathil purushante prakadanavum bhaavavum ulppedunnu. chirakukalum vaalum paathi thurannitt, allengil avaa kuninj, chilappol oru chirak neettiyukondu, allengil chirakukal vegathil niravadhi thavana uyarthukayum thaazhthukayum cheyyaam.
vrithiyaayi thazhikakkudamulla eee koodinu vashathe praveshana kavaadamund, pullu, moss, lycan, chattha elakal enniva upayogichu nirmmichathaanu, praadeshikamaayi labhyamayathenthum. ithu palappozhum oru mathililo maratthinte thumbilo paarayile villalilo oru dwaarathil kettiyidunnu, pakshe ithu palappozhum braambukalilo mulpadarppilo veliyilo, theerathe aivikkidayilo, aalkkoottathilo, allengil upekshikkappetta pakshikalude koodukalilo nirmmikkappedunnu. avale thiranjedukkumbol, penn renn koodundaakkunna thoovalukal udaaramaayi nirathunnu.
epril muthal ancho aaroo (moonnu muthal pathinonnu vare) muttakal idunnu. iva sharashariyum veluthathum maarunna alavil chuvapp-thavitt niratthilulla kanikakalullathum kooduthalum vishalamaaya attathaanu. penpakshi maathram iva incubate cheyyukayum 14 muthal 15 divasam vare neendunilkkunnathode avaa viriyukayum cheiyunnu. kunjungalkku praanikal, chilanthikal, mattu cheria akasherukkal enniva nalkunnu; aankunjukal koodile kunjungalkku bhakshanam nalkunnathinte rekhakalonnumilla, pakshe avaa valarnnathinu sesham avan angane cheiyunnu, ithu ekadesham 16 divasathinu sheshamaan sambhavikkunnath. saadhaaranayaayi rund santhathikal undu.
rens valare bahubhaaryaathvamullavayaanu, athaayath oru purushanu eathu samayathum, thante pradeshathu sajeevamaaya koodulla onniladhikam penkuttikale undayirikkaam. muttakalo koodu valarunnatho aaya oru sajeeva koodundu. oru aankunjum naalu penkunjukalum addehathinte pradeshathu prajananam nadathiyathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. bahubhaaryaathvathinte ettavum saadhaaranamaaya roopangalaanu dvibhaaryathvavum trikamiyum.
bhakshanavum bhakshanavum.
praanikalaanu bhakshanathinte bhooribhaagavum nirmmikkunnath; iva pradhaanamaayum chithrashalabhangaludeyum, jiometer nishaashalabhangaludeyum, moonga nishaashalabhangaludeyum, athupole thanne vandukalude laarvakal, eechayude laarvakal, cadisply laarvakal, affidukal thudangiya nishaashalabhangaludeyum laarvakal aanu. mattu bhakshanapadhaarthangalil chilanthikalum chila vithukalum ulppedunnu. kaabej mothinteyum crain fly larvayudeyum caterpillarukal thiricharinjittulla eee kunjungalkku pradhaanamaayum nisha laarvakal nalkunnu.
manushyarumayulla bandham.
europian naadodikkadhakalil, pakshikalude rajaavaanu renn, plutarch eesopp ennu visheshippikkunna oru kettukatha anusarichu, kazhukanum renum ettavum uyarathil parakkaan shramichappol, renn kazhukante purakil vishramikkukayum kazhukan thalarnnappol renn avanu mukalil parakkukayum cheythu. athinaal, plutarch soochippikkunnathu, shakthiyekkaal budhishakthiyaanu nallathennu renn theliyichu. grim sahodaranmaarude "villo-renn, karadi" thudangiya kathakalil rente mahathvam amgeekarikkappedunnu. aristottilum plutarch renn (rajaavu), (cheria rajaavu) ennu vilichu. jarmman bhashayil rene "sanconig" (veliyude rajaavu) ennu vilikkunnu. oru pazhaya jarmman peru "sneaconig" (snow king), dutch bhashayil "winterconing" (vintar king), ellaam "rajaavu" ennu paraamarsikkunnu. jappanil, renn kaattukalude rajaavu ennu mudrakuthappedunnu, koodaathe parunthukalkkidayil renn enna kettukadhayil parunthukalkku vijayakaramaayi vettayaadaanaakaatha oru panniye athinte cheviyilekku paratthukayum athine bhranthanaakkukayum cheiyunnu.
ellah pakshikaludeyum rajaavu" aayi kanakkaakkukayum athinte sangeetha svarangal pravachanathinaayi upayogikkukayum cheytha druidukalkku ithu oru vishudha pakshiyaayirunnu. roopam maarunna fairy kween nazhsari raimsil "jenni renn" ennariyappedunna oru renn roopathil sweekarichu. oru rente thooval duranthatthino mungimaranatthino ethiraaya oru akarshanamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu.
shathrukkalil ninnu olichirikkaan shramichappol shabdamundaakkunna pakshi vanjichathaayi karuthappedunna aadyathe kristhyan rakthasakshiyaaya sent steefante aithihyathilum renn savisheshathayundu. parambaraagathamaayi, sent. steefans day (desember 26) "renn vettayaadal" enna peril anusmarikkappedunnu, athil cheruppakkaaraaya reinboys paksiye pidikkukayum thudarnnu parambaraagatha "renn gaanam" vivarichathupole pattanatthinu chuttum aachaaraparamaayi aninirakkukayum cheyyum. "renn, renn, ellah pakshikaludeyum rajaavu, sent. steefans day aarbhaadathil kudungi. avan cheruthaanenkilum, avante kudumbam mahatharamaanu, nalla veettammaye, njangalkk oru sammanam nalkanamennu njaan praarthikkunnu. paarambaryavum pazhaya varshathinte pratheekavum thyagavum enna nilayil rente praadhaanyavum sarr jaims fraserinte "golden boffle" charcha cheyyappettittund.
suitoniusinte abhipraayathil, juuliyas seaserinte vadham oru nirbhagyakaramaaya vren pravachichu. maarchinte ideukalkku thaledivasam, mattu pakshikal oru rene bhraanthamaayi pinthudarunnathu kandu. kokkil oru prathyekamaaya loral thundu ottichathinaal, renn roman senattilekku theevramaayi parannu, pakshe avide athinte pinthudarnnavar athine marikadannu kashanangalayi keeri.

