
kalayil kuthirakal

charithrathiludaneelam kuthirakal kalaasrishtikalil prathyakshappettittundu, palappozhum yudhathile kuthirayude thithreekaranamaayi. kuthiraykku gathagatha maarggamaayo yudhathinte oru prayogamaayo praadhaanyamillaathathinaal aadhunika kalayil kuthirayude saannidhyam kuravaanu. mikka aadhunika praathinidyangalum prashasthamaaya samakaalika kuthirakal, kuthirappanthayavumaayi bandhapetta kalaasrishtikal allengil american padinjaarile charitraparamaaya kauboy allengil thaddesheeya american paarambaryavumaayi bandhapetta kalaasrishtikalaanu. yunaittad kingdatthil kurukkan vettayudeyum kuthirakal ulppedunna nostaaljik grameena ramgangaludeyum chithreekaranangal thudarunnu.
kuthirakal palappozhum kalaasrishtikalil ottaykko, oru pradhana vyakthiyude parvathamayitto, allengil kuthira valikkunna vividha vaahanangalumaayi bandhippicha teamukalaayo prathyakshappedunnu.
charithram.
charitraatheethakaalam.
ekadesham 17,000 varsham pazhakkamullathayi kanakkaakkappedunna lascoxyle praagaithihaasika guhachithrangalil kuthira prathyakshappettu.
charithraatheethakaalatthe kunnin roopangal kuthirayude aakruthiyil kothiyeduthittundu, prathyekichu uffington vaitt hozhs, aayirakkanakkin varshangalayi nilanilkkunna kunnukalkk mukalilulla kuthira kothupanikalude paarambaryatthinte udaaharanam innathe yugathil thudarunnu.
germmaniyil kandethiya upper paleolithic woggelheard prathimakal, lokathile ettavum pazhakkam chenna aalankaarika kalaaroopangalil onnaaya oorigneshyan samskaarathile palio-manushyarkk avakashappetta bheeman anakkombu kondu nirmmicha miniyechar shilpangal, kuthirayude oru roopam ulppedunnu.
puraathanalokam.
purathana eejipt, greeshyan kalakalil kuthirayude chithram saadhaaranamaayirunnu, kuthirayude shareeraghadanayekkurichulla kooduthal arivu prakadippikkunna kooduthal shudheekaricha chithrangal classical greasileyum pinneedu roman kruthikalilum prathyakshappettu.
kuthiraye valikkunna rathangal saadhaaranayaayi purathana kruthikalil chithreekarichirunnu, udaaharanathinu ekadesham 2500 bii. sii. yile yur nilavaaratthil.
greekkukaarum romakkarum kuthirasavaari prathima kandupidichu; athil ettavum mikacha udaaharanam romile marcus ooreliyasinte kuthirasavaari prathimayaanu. vishudhachihnathile kuthirakalaanu chathurbhujathile oru smaaraka prathimayude purathana purathanathayil ninnu nilanilkkunna eaka udaaharanam.
mathaparamaya prameyangalude aadhipathyathaal abhibhoothamaaya aadyakaala kristhyan, baisaantain kalakalil kuthirayude pracharam kuravaayirunnu.
navothaanavum athinusheshavum.
pathinalam noottaandil aarambhicha navothaanakaalakhattam kalayil kuthirayude punarujjeevanathinu kaaranamaayi. pavlo uzzello, benoso gosoli, leonardo daa vinsi, aalbrekt durer, raffel, andrea mantegna, taitiyan ennivar kuthiraye chithreekaricha eee kaalaghattatthile chithrakaaranmaaril ulppedunnu. 1482-ll milan ludovico ill moroyude rajakumaran leonardo daa vincy lokathile ettavum valia kuthirasavaari prathima srishtikkaan niyogichu, ithu dukinte pithaav francescoyude smaarakamaanu, ennirunnaalum, leonardo kuthira orikkalum poorthiyaayittilla (irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil ithu aavarthikkunnathuvare).
barok kaalaghattatthil, peettar pooll rubens, aanthani vaan dike, deigo velasquez thudangiya kalakaaranmaar avarude parvathangalkk mukalil raaja vishayangale chithreekarichukondu kuthirayude chhaayaachithrangalude paarambaryam sthaapikkappettu. tudor rakshaakarthruthvathin keezhil kuthirappanthaya paarambaryam uyarnnuvannathinaal eee kaalaghattatthil kuthirasavaari kaayika kalayum sthaapithamaayi.
18-umm 19-umm noottaandukal.
1724ll janicha jorjju stubs thante kuthirasavaari vishayangalumayi bandhappettathinal addeham "kuthira chithrakaaran" ennariyappettu. kuttikkaalathu shareeraghadanayodulla thaalparyam kuthiraykku baadhakamaayirunnu. addeham pathinettu maasam kuthirakalude mrithadehangal verthirichedukkukayum oru kothupanikkaaran thante padanatthinte pusthakafalakangal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. eee shareeraghadanayude rekhaachitrangal pilkkala kalakaaranmaare sahayichu.
pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathil romaantisisathinte aavirbhavam kandu, franch kalakaaranmaaraaya theodor gericolum yujeen delacroics eee prasthaanatthinte vakthaakkalaayirunnu, iruvarum avarude pala kruthikalilum kuthiraye chithreekarichu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil benchamin marshell, jaims ward, henry thomas alcon, jaims pollard, joonn frederic herring sr ennivaraayirunnu akkaalathe shradheya kalakaaranmaar., oppam haywood hardy. kuthirappanthayatthil fraansil kramena kooduthal sthaapithamaayitheernnu, impressionist chithrakaaranaaya edger degas aadyakaala racing ramgangal varachu. photographic referenceukal upayogicha aadyathe kuthira chithrakaaranmaaril oraalaayirunnu digas. mrugangalude chalanathekkurichulla eedward mubridginte photographic padanangal kuthirakala valia swaadheenam chelutthi, kaaranam avaa kuthirakalude chalanangalekkurichu kooduthal manassilakkaan kalakaaranmaare anuvadichu.
rossa bonhyoor pradhaanamaayum rund pradhana kruthikalkku prashasthanaayia "nivernaisil uzhuthumari" (franch bhashayil "leeii laborej nivernise, leeii sombrash"), "kuthira meela" (franch bhashayil "leeii maarche ooks chevox") (1853 leeii saloonil pradharshippichirunnu (1855 ll poortthiyaayi), ippol newyork nagaratthile metropolittan museum oof artilaanu. pathonpathaam noottaandile ettavum prashasthayaya vanita chithrakaariyaayi bonhyoor parakke kanakkaakkappedunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandile ettavum vishishtanaaya franch mruga shilpikalil oralaayi rossa bonhyoorinte ilaya sahodaran isidor bonhyoor ariyappedunnu. prathyeka inathinte chalanamo bhaavamo pidikkunnathinayi addeham thante shilpangal maathrkayaakki. isidor bonhyoor thante kuthirakalude shilpangaliloode ithu ettavum vijayakaramaayi nedi, saadhaaranayaayi aaveshabharithanennathinekkaal shaanthamaayi chithreekarichirikkunnu, ithu addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya kruthikalil onnaanu.
irupathaam noottaand.
irupathaam noottaandil englandil jolie cheythirunna prashastha chithrakaaranaayirunnu sarr alfred munnings. 1944ll royal academyude presidentaayi thiranjedukkappetta addeham kuthirappanthayam, chhaayaachitram, jipsy, grameena jeevitam ennivayulppedeyulla kuthirappanthaya vishayangalil vaidagdhyam nedi.
maarkk wallinger oru chestnut racehourse vaangi avalkk oru readymaid art aayi oru yadhaartha kalaasrishti ennu perittu. lokamembaadumulla art gaalarikalil thurannukattappetta oru chestnut kuthirayil oru jokkiyude 50 prathimakalum eee padhathiyil ulppedunnu.
vishayangal.
sainyavum yudhavum.
sainikakala palappozhum yudhathile kuthiraye chithreekarikkukayum kuthirappada, kuthira valikkunna rathangal, kuthira ambeythukaar ennivayellaam purathana karakaushala vasthukkalil prathyakshappedunna kalayile kuthirayude aadyakaala udaaharanangalil chilath nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
madhyakaalakhattathil, kuthirappada yudhangalum kuthirappurathulla kuthirappadayaalikalum pavolo usello, aalbrekt durer ennivarulppedeyulla kalakaaranmaar chithreekarichu. saan romano yuddham oru yudhathinte vividha gattangal kaanikkunnu. durerude "naitt, deth aandu dhaa devill" enna kothupaniyil 1513ll oru sainika vishayavum oru saangalppika prameyavum kaanikkunnu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu oru yudhakalaakaaranaayi sarr alfred munnings niyamikkapettu; addeham canaden kuthirappada brigadine fraansil nilayurappichirikkunna canaden forestry korppinum peyint cheythu. canadian unitukalumaayulla thante anubavangal thante jeevithathile ettavum prathiphaladaayakamaaya sambhavangalilonnayi addeham kanakkakki.
lady buttler ennariyappedunna elisabath thompson, avarude sainika kalaykku, prathyekichu royal scots greyude naadakeeyamaaya charge avatharippikkunna "scotland ennekkum" ennathinu prashasthayaayirunnu.
kuthirappanthayatthil.
pathonpathaam noottaandile romaantik, impressionist kalaakaaranmaarkk prachodanamaayirunnu samagramaya racing. 1821ll englandile thaamasakaalathu theodor jericolt "derby" varachu. fraansile maanett, digas, toolouse-lautrek ennivayile racinginte vikaasavumaayi impressionist yugam poruthappettu, ivayellaam racingle shaashvathamaaya aakarshanam nedi. maanett oottathinte aveshavum pravartthanavum kaanikkukayum degas thudakkathinu munbulla nimishangalil kooduthal shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheythu. mubridginte "animal locomotion" ll ulppeduthiyittulla eedward mubridginte chalanatthilulla kuthirayude photographukalil degassinu theevra thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, addeham avaa chokkilum pensililum pakartthukayum thante pilkkala kruthiyil avaa paraamarshatthinaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu.
muybridjinu munbulla thalamurakalile kalakaaranmaar kuthiraye 'rocking kuthira' enna kuthichuchaattatthil chithreekarichirunnu, kuthiraye chithreekarichukondu rund munkaalukalum munnott neettiyirunnu, rund pinkaalukalum pinbhaagathekku neettiyirunnu. photography mubridginteyum pravarthanangalkku sesham kooduthal yaadhaarthyabodhamulla praathinidyangal saadhyamaayirunnu, pakshe athu kalaasrishtiyile chalanatthinte bhaavathilekku nayichilla. 1921-leeii louvard rachana oru mrugathinte oottam pravartthanatthe samgeethathile vaayuvinte oottavum thaalavumaayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu, ennaal oru foto record cheytha thalkshana nimisham ardhamo sandarbho illaatha oru verpeduthiya swaramaayi.
jorjju stabsum alfred manning racehourse ulppedunna oru valia jolie avasheshippichittundu.
irupathaam noottaandil, joonn skeepinginte kalaasrishtikalil bhooribhaagavum racing ramgamaanu ulppettirunnathu, athil hyperian, brigadier jerard ennivayude aaldairkhyamulla venkalavum rescourse aakshante vaattar kalarukalum ulppedunnu.
american vestt.
american padinjaarile charitraparamaaya kauboy allengil thaddesheeya american paarambaryavumaayi bandhapetta kalaasrishtikalil swaabhaavikamaayum niravadhi kuthirakal ulppedunnu. frederic remington, sii enniva ulppedunnu.emm. kuthirakalekkurichulla chithrangalude peril ariyappedunna russell. eedward mubridginte prashasthamaaya thudarchithrangal saadhookarichathupole, chalanatthilulla kuthirayude yadhaartha nadattham (thomas eekkinsinoppam) chithreekaricha aadyathe american kalakaaranmaaril oraalaayirunnu remington.
remington thante venkala silpangalil kuthira naadakavum pakarthi, addehathinte aadya bronco basttar (vilyams koleju museum oof art) niroopakaparavum vaanijyaparavumaya vijayamayirunnu.
aadhunika kala.
ell greekkoyude "sent martin aandu dhaa bichukaaran" enna kruthiyil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda sii. 1597-1600, art instittyoott oof chikkago pablo picaso thante kruthiyil kuthirakale parichayappedutthi, prathyekichu "kuthiraye nayikkunna aankutti", museum oof moden art. france mark susanne rothenberg, deborah butterfield ennivayulppedeyullavarum 1970kalil thudangi irupathaam noottaandiludaneelam avarude paintingukalilum shilpangalilum kuthirakale roopangalaayi upayogichu. irupathaam noottaandile valuthum sankeernavumaaya oru yudhachithrathinu, athil oru kuthira kendra naadakeeya vyakthiyaan, pablo picasoyude garnica kaanuka. impressionist chithrakaaranaaya edger degas nartthakarude paintingukalkku prathyekichum prashasthanaayirunnappol, kuthirakalude paintingukalkkum kuthirappanthayathinum digas ariyappettirunnu.
vettayaadal.
kuthirasavaari chithrakaaranmaarkku vettayaadal ramgangal oru saadhaarana vishayamaan. kurukkan vetta vishayangalile vidagtharil sessil aldin, lionel edwards enniva ulppedunnu.
grameena/thozhil jeevitam.
prakrithidrishyathil kattineyum jolie cheiyunna kuthirakaleyum chithreekarichathiloode lucie kemp-velchu prashasthayaayirunnu.

