
deesal kaarinte charithram

1930kalil deesal enchinukal vahanangalil upayogikkaan thudangi. thudakkathil vaanijyaparamaaya aaplikkeshanukalkkaayi upayogichirunna avaa 1950-kalil europil vikasikkunnathuvare yaathrakkaarude yaathraykk janapreeti nediyilla. 2015ll lokamembaadumulla janapreethiyude unnathiyilethiya sesham, desulgatinethudarnnu, deesal kaar athivegam upabhokthaakkaludeyum niyanthranakkaarudeyum anukoolathayilekku veenu.
charithram.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil.
1933ll faamiliyel (estettu allengil steshan vaagan) modalil deesal enchin oopshan (1,766 sisi 11yudi enchin) ulppeduthiya sitroninte rosaliyilaanu deesal kaarinte utppaadana charithram aarambhichath. mersidis-benz 260 dii, hanomag record enniva taamasiyaathe 1936-ll avatharippichu. moonnu varshathinu sesham, deesal kaarukalkkayi oru loka record sthaapikkaan oru parishkaricha hanomag record upayogichu-ithu ettavum uyarnna vegathayilethi.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, 1950kalilum 1960kalilum deesalil pravartthikkunna kaarukalkk parimithamaaya janapreeti nedaan thudangi, prathyekichu ambulansukal, taxikal, delivari jolikalkkaayi upayogikkunna steshan vaaganukal thudangiya vaanijyaparamaaya aaplikkeshanukalkku. mersidis-benz deesalil pravartthikkunna taxikalude thudarchayaaya oru stream vaagdaanam cheythu, 1949 ll aarambhicha avayude 170 dii oaem 636 enchin upayogichu pravartthikkunnu. 1953ll 170 dii-yude pingamiyaaya 180 dii-yilek enchin kondupoyi. pinneedu 1958ll avarude oom 621 enchin 190 dii-yill avatharippichu. minittinu 4,000 roopa nirakkil nirmmichathaanu eee 1.9 littar enchin.
1959 muthal pyusho avarude tmd-85 naalu silindar enchinaanu 18 littar, thudarnnu 1962ll athe enchinaanu 404dii. 1964ll, 2 littar, 4 silindar enchin enniva upayogichu 404dii labhyamaayi. 1950kalil deesal power vaagdaanam cheytha mattu kaarukalil austin eiii60 kembridge, isuzu bellel, phiyatt 1400-eiii, staanderd wangard, hrasvamaayi borgward hansa enniva ulppedunnu.
1967ll pyusho lokathile aadyathe compact, athivega deesal kaaraya pyusho 204bidi avatharippichu. athinte 1.3 littar xl4d enchin 5,000 arpmil uthppaadippikkunnu. 1970-kalile enna prathisandhiyethudarnnu (1973,1979), volkswagen avarude aadyathe deesal kaaraya vii. dablyu. goalf avatharippichu, 1.5 littar naturally aspirated indirect-injection enchinaanu ithu, ithu oru gasoline enchinte punarroopakalppana cheytha (desalised) pathippaanu. mersidis-benz kaarukalil pareekshicha turbodiesilukal (udha.jii. mersidis-benz sii111 pareekshanathmakavum record setting vaahanangalum) aadyathe ulppaadana turbo deesal kaarukalum 1978 ll avatharippichu, 3 5 silindar 115 echpi (86 kilowatt) mersidis 300 esdie, vadakke amerikkayil maathram labhyamaan, koodaathe 2.5-litre 4 silindar pyusho 604.
1982ll pyusho 305, pyusho 205, talbot horisoon ennivayil suud enchin avatharippichappol maas-maarkkat deesal kaarukalkk oru valia chuvaduveppu vannu. 1990kalude pakuthi vare deesal kaar magazin ithine pramukha automotive deesal enchinaakki kanakkaakkiyirunnu. 1988 sitroon bx 1989 pyusho 405 umm (randum sudd enchin nalkunna) petrol enchin maanadandangal kaivarikkaan kazhiyunna aadyakaala bahujana vipani deesal kaarukalil onnaanu. sitroon bxinecurich deesal kaar magazin paranju, "bx turboyude prakadanam, thamasam, sambadvyavastha ennivayude samyojanathe sameepikkunna mattoru kaarum nilavil yukeyil vilppanaykkethunnathi njangalkk chinthikkaan kazhiyilla".
jarmman enchin, kaar nirmmaathaakkalaaya bii. emm. dablyu 1981 frankfurt iaail thangalude aadyathe seerees-production deesal kaaraya 524tidi prakhyaapichu. manikkooril 180 kilometer vegatha nalkunna 85 kilowatt bii. emm. dablyu emm 21 turbodiesel enchinaanu 1983 frankfurt iaail avatharippichathu. dimeler-benzinte oom 617 power mersidus-benz dablyu 123 300 dii turbodysilinekkaal alpam vegathayulla eee kaar akkaalathe ettavum vegathayeriya seerees-production deesal kaarayi ronan gloon kanakkakkunnu. 1986ll, bii. emm. dablyu emm 21 enchinaayi oru electronic enchin kantrol yoonit avatharippichu, deesal passenture kaaril eee saankethikavidya upayogikkunna aadya nirmmaathaavaayirunnu ithu.
1973ll europian community vipaniyil deesal 2.5 sathamaanam vihitam vahichirunnu. indhana prathisandhiyethudarnnu 1975ll eee vihitam 4.1 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. 1980 aayappozhekkum ithu erattiyiladhikavum (8.6 shathamaanamaayi) 1983 aayappozhekkum deesal europian unionile puthiya kaar vilppanayude 11 sathamaanavum prathinidheekarikkunnu.
vadakke amerikkayile motor vahana deesal enchinukal saadhaaranayaayi trekkukal, vaanijya vahanangal, basukal ennivayil maathrame upayogikkunnulloo. 1960kalude thudakkathil jeep athinte modalukalkk perkins deesal oopshan vaagdaanam cheythirunnu. pradhaanamaayum europian vipanikkayi chrysler eee enchinukalum vaagdaanam cheythu. 1977 muthal oldsmobile 350 inn3 (5.7 littar) vii8 deesal enchin puratthirakki. general motorukalude mikka baike, oldsmobile, pontiac, chevrolatt, cadilac divisionukal polum 1980 model varshathode eee enchin sweekarichu, 1985 ll enchin nirthalaakkunnathuvare vilppana thudarnnu. 350 inn3 deesal enchin vishwasaneeyamallennu theliyikkukayum deesal kaarukalkk amerikkayil mosham prashasthi nalkukayum cheythu.
1990-2015 deesal kuthichuchaattam.
1970kalilum 1990kalilum swakaarya vaangunnavaril deesalukalkku kramanugathamaaya sveekaaryatha labhichu. pradhaanamaayum taxi drivermar polulla vaanijya upayokthakkalkkaayi vipananam cheythirunna europian deesal vilppana kramanugathamaayi vardhikkukayum 1992 aayappozhekkum mothatthilulla europian vipaniyude 17.3 shathamaanathilethukayum cheythu. kaarban dye ooksaid puranthallal niyanthrikkunnathinulla oru maarggamaayi, europile deesal vaahanangalude vilppanaykku essa karar prothsaahanam nalki. 2015ll deesal janapreethiyude ettavum uyarnna nilayilethiyappol europil vilkkunna puthiya kaarukalil 52 sathamaanavum deesalil pravarthikkunnavayaanu. deesal kaarukal janapriyamaayirunna mattoru pradhana kaar vipani indiayaanu. vilakuranja subsidy deesal indhanam upayogichu pravartthikkunna deesal kaarukalkk 2012 oode 47 sathamaanam vipani vihithamundaayirunnu. athesamayam americayileyum chainayileyum deesal vipani vihitam kuravaayirunnu. chainayil, deesal kaarukal upabhokthaavinte manassil bharameriya charakk vaahanangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, paristhithi niyanthranangal deesal kaarukal paripalikkaan vilayeriyathaakki. 2005ll sarkkar malineekarana niyanthranangal laghookarichathinethudarnnu dakshina koriyayil deesal kaarukal janapriyamaayi.
1978ll oldsmobile passenture kaarukalkkayi lokathile aadyathe vii8 deesal enchin vaagdaanam cheythu. chelavu vettikkuraykkal nadapadikal kaaranam, pazhaya mobail vii8 deesal enchin nirashaajanakamaaya parajayamaayirunnu, koodaathe deesal enchinukalodulla american kaazhchappaadukal varshangalolam maattimarichu. 1999ll mersidis-benz athinte passenture vaahanangalkkayi 4 littar oem 628 vii8 deesal enchin avatharippikkunnathuvare vii8 deesal enchin veendum vaagdaanam cheythirunnilla. 2003ll 4 littar vii8 tdiumaayi oodi pinthudarnnu. mersidis-benz 2010ll uthppaadanam avasaanippichu, ithu innum vii8 deesal enchinte prathyeka nirmmathaavaayi oodiye maattunnu.
volkswagen group passenture vaahanangalkkayi lokathile aadyathe vii10, vii12 deesal enchinukal avatharippichu. volkswagen faittan vii10 tdi (2002-2006), volkswagen toovereg vii10 tdi (2002-2010) ennivayilaanu 5 littar vii10 vaagdaanam cheythath. 6 littar vii12 kyu7 vii12 tdi (2008-2012) ykku mathramaayirunnu.
vikasanangal.
phiyatt chroma tidi-aii.dii. 1987ll aadyathe turbo charjju cheytha direct injection deesal aayirunnu, thudarnnu oru varshathinu sesham austin rover montego. ennirunnaalum, oodi 100 enchinte electronic niyanthranathinu thudakkamittu, athesamayam fiyattinum oosttininum boshh yaanthrikamaayi niyantritha kuthivayppu undaayirunnu. nerittulla kuthivayppinte electronic niyanthranam yadhaarthathil udvamanam, parishkkaranam, oorjjam ennivayude kaaryatthil oru maattam varuthi. muun thalamurayile ellah kaar direct injection deesal enchinukalum biodiesel indhanathinte upayogathil ninnu valareyadhikam prayojanam nedunnu, ithu avarude indhana samvidaanangalil anuyojyamaaya 'vittan' tharam rubber upayogichaal, puranthallal kuraykkukayum enchin parishkkaranangalillathe parishkkaranam valareyadhikam mechappeduthukayum cheiyunnu.
deesal kaar vipanikal vividha vikasanagalkk (mersidis-benz, bii. emm. dablyu, pyusho/sitroon, phiyatt, alfa romeo, volkswagen group) thudakkamittavayum avayaanu. britiish leyland perkins englandil nirmmicha cheria deesal enchinukalum undaayirunnu. sambadghadanayude kaaranangalal petrol bmc "bii" seerees enchin disalaki maattukayum 1.5-1.8 littar seshiyil uthppaadippikkukayum cheythu. perkins 4,99,4.107,4.108 enchinukal nirmmichu, avayellaam valare vishwasaneeyamaayirunnu. pinneedu bii. ell. valare sakthamaaya anchu pradhana bairing "oo" seerees enchin nirmmichu. petrol turbo veriyantukalkku 200 echpi utppaadippikkaan kazhiyum, disalaki maattaan enchin anuyojyamaayirunnu. vaasthavathil, 1988 austin-rover emm. dii. aii yoonit ('perkins prima' ennum ariyappedunnu) 1930 muthal athivega deesalukal roopakalppana cheyyukayum nirmmikkukayum cheytha peterboroyude perkins enchinukalaanu vikasippichath. enchinil ulppaadippikkunna amithamaya sammarddavum choodum kaaranam bharam kuranjathum shakthavumaya topp klaas deesal enchin nirmmikkunnath eluppamalla. eee prasnangal vm motori pariharichu, enchinukal valare mikachathaayirunnathinaal rover, foord, jeep enniva avaa vaangi. tunnel-booar block vipuleekaranam anuvadikkunnathinaayi prathyeka silindar headukalum aayirunnu enchinukalude rasakaramaaya savisheshathakal.
1997ll aadyathe saadhaarana reyil deesal passenture kaaraya alfa romeo 156 avatharippichu.
2004ll honda avarude aadyathe deesal enchinaaya aii-tdi enna brandulla enn22eiii puratthirakki, ithu honda accordil aadyamaayi avatharippichu. enchinil oru aluminium block, dohk cheyin drivend valvetrine, kooman reyil direct injection, variable jyamiti turbocharger enniva ulppedunnu.
2005 leeii vasanthakaalath, mersidis-benz yaathrakkaarude vaahanangalkkum vaanijya upayogathinumaayi vanthothil uthppaadippikkunna aluminium block deesal enchin aadyamaayi anaavaranam cheythu. deesal prayogangale prathirodhikkaan kuranja shakthiyum thaapanila prathirodhavum ullathayi aluminium parambaraagathamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 2006 model varsha iii-klaas sedan, emm. ell. klaas, jii. ell. klaas vaahanangalaayirunnu ithinte aadya upayogam. 3 littar vii6 enchin athu maattisthaapicha anchu silindarinu samanamaaya bharamullathum inn-line aarr silindarinekkaal valare bharam kuranjathumaanu.
2015-deesal kaarukalude ippozhathe kuravu.
sameepa varshangalile niravadhi deesal udvamana kumbakonangal muthal, athil ettavum uyarnnathu 2015 leeii desulgate kumbhakonamaayirunnu, deesal kaarukalil ninnu varunna vishavaathakangalude alavu kooduthalaanennum mattu maargangaliloode pravartthikkunna vaahanangale apekshichu manushyante aarogyathinu kooduthal apakadasaadhyathayundennum velippettittund. ithinu marupadiyaayi, deesal kaarinte prathichaaya upabhokthaakkale baadhichu, deesal kaarukalude punarvilppana moolyangal kuranju, paarees, hamberg, madrid ennivayulppede europile noorukanakkinu nagarangal vaayu malineekaranam thadayunnathinaayi pazhaya deesal kaarukal nirodhikkan thudangi. jarmman paristhithi ejansiyude kanakkanusarichu jarmman nagara naitrajan dye ooksaid malineekaranathil deesal kaarukalkk 39 sathamaanam pankundu. athumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol deesalil pravartthikkunna basukaludeyum lorikaludeyum vihitam valare kuravaanu. europil deesal upayogichu pravartthikkunna puthiya kaarukal vilkkunna vipani vihithathinte 52 shathamaanathinte ettavum uyarnna nilayil ninnu 2018 aayappozhekkum eee ennam 36 shathamaanamaayi kuranju. 2020 septambaril, electric kaarukalude europian vipani vihitam deesal kaarukalekkal kooduthalaayirunnu.
indiayil bs6 emission standerdum pazhaya deesal vaahanangalude nirodhanavum deesal vipani vihitam 2013leeii 58 sathamaanathil ninnu 2020ll 29 shathamaanamaayi kurayaan kaaranamaayi.
padinjaaran aafrikkayil, deesal kaarukal ippozhum roadile bhooribhaagam vaahanangalaan, kaaranam puranthallal maanadandangal lokathinte mattu bhagangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol karshanamallaathathum pazhaya deesal kaarukal lokathinte mattu bhaagangalil ninnu irakkumathi cheyyaan anuvadikkunnathumaanu. netherlandil ninnu padinjaaran aafrikkayilekkum libiayilekkum kayattumathi cheytha 160 kaarukalude saambilil bhooribhaagavum euro IV (2005) udvamana maanadandangal paalikkunnillenn 2018 leeii oru report kandethi.
2017ll volvo, 2019ll mitsubishi, 2021ll renault, hyundayi ennivayulppede niravadhi pradhana kaar nirmmathaakkal kaarukalkkayulla puthiya deesal enchinukalude vikasanam avasaanippikkumenn prakhyaapichittundel 3 silindar bii 37 deesal enchin maathram nirthalaakki bmdablue puthiya 4,6 silindar deesal enchinukal vikasippikkunnath thudarum.
deesal enchin vahana racing.
deesal enchinte bharavum kuranja ulppaadanavum avare automotive racing aaplikkeshanukalil ninnu akattinirthunnundeng, pradhaanamaayum truck racing, tractor valikkal, athupole thanne eee poraaymakal kurravulla racing tharangalil, athaayath land speed record racing allengil enderance racing ennivayil niravadhi deesalukal rays cheiyunnundu. deesalinte bhaarathinteyum kuranja peak arpminteyum poraaymakal undaayirunnittum deesal enchin draagstarukal polum nilavilundu, eee kaayika inathile prakadanatthinte kendra savisheshathakal. ennirunnaalum, 2006-ll, joost racing praveshicha puthiya oodi aarr10 tdi elmp1 24 manikkoor leeii mans nediya aadyathe deesal enchin kaarayi maari.
charithram.
1931-ll thanne, clessy cummins thante deesal cummins deesal special rays kaaril instaal cheythu, dettonayilum indianpolis 500 raceilum idichu, avide dave evans oru pitt stopp polum cheyyaathe indianpolis 500 poortthiyaakkiya aadya driveraayi, leed laapile muzhuvan dooravum poortthiyaakki 13-aamm sthaanathethi, torkineyum indhanakshamathayeyum aashrayich bharavum kuranja peak power marikadakkunnu.
1933ll loard howard dii clifford oodichirunna monde carlo raaliyil pankeduttha aadyathe deesal enchin kaaraan gardner 4eldablue enchinulla 1925 bentli. ithu pramukha britiish kaaraayirunnu, mothatthil anchaam sthaanathethi.
1952ll, cummins deesalil fred agabashian indianpolis 500 raceil turbocharged aidi1 deesal kaar upayogichu pooll position laap vegathayil record sthaapichu. phlait enchin konfigareshante kuranja guruthwaakarshana kendravum (oru basinte tharaykku thaazhe kidakkaan roopakalppana cheythirikkunnu) eliot turbocharginginte puthiya upayogam vazhi labhikkuna power nettavum vijayakaramaya samyojanamaakumenn doonn cummins addehathinte cheef enchineeyar nevu rainarmaarum thiricharinju.
thudakkathil, oru mandagathiyilulla vegathayulla lapp (report cheythathinekkaal kuravu) ippol "turbo laag" ennu vilikkappedunnathinu kaaranamaakukayum cummins deesalinte throttil prathikaranatthe moshamaayi thadassappeduthukayum cheythu. aadya tenil athunnathinumumbu agabashian ettaam sthaanathaayirunnuvenki, kurachu lapsil anchaam sthaanathekku uyarnnu mathsaraadhishtithamaayi oodukayaayirunnu (tayar maattathinu sesham feeldil thirichethiyenkilum) mosham avasthayil kaarinte vaayu upabhogam trackle ninnulla mathiyaya avashishtangal vizhungunnathuvare 71-aamm laap turbocharger pravarthanarahithamaakkunnu; addeham 27-aamm sthaanathethi.
1990kalil niyama nirmmaathaakkalum eee ashayathe pinthunakkukayum, bmdablue, volkswagen enniva deesal touring kaarukalil rays cheyyukayum, mattu factory-enter cheytha deesal malsaramaaya vidablue, 200 oolam saadhaarana power kaarukal ennivaykkethire 320dii upayogichu 1998 24 manikkoor noorbergring nedi, pradhaanamaayum valare neenda stantukal oodikkaan kazhiyunnathiloode. alfa romeo avarude alfa romeo 147 1.9 jtd modalukal upayogichu oru racing parambara samghadippichu.
2006ll, oru bii. emm. dablyu 120dii samanamaaya phalam aavarthichu, 220 kaarukal ulla oru mekhalayil 5-aamm sthaanam nedi, avayil palathum valare shakthavum 1998-neey apekshichu ganyamaayi sakthamaaya malsaravumaanu. 2005-lum 2006-lum nadanna vii. dablyu dacker raali toureginu avarude swantham tii. dii. aii enchinukalaanu karuth pakarunnath.
athesamayam, leeii mans vijayiyaya oodi aarr8 rays kaarinte anchu thavana 24 manikkoor rays kaarinu pakaram 2006 ll oodi aarr10 tdi sthaapichu, ithu eiii, vii12 tdi kooman reyil deesal enchin ennivayaal pravartthikkunnu, ithu 5 speed gearboxumaayi inacherunnu, pakaram aarr8 ll upayogikkunna 6, uthppaadippikkunna adhika tork kaikaaryam cheyyaan. tork vendathra kaalam nilanirthaan kazhiyunna anuyojyamaaya traansmissionukalude abhavam kaaranam mattullavarude muun sramangal parajayappettathinaal gearboxanu pradhana prashnamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnath.
2006ll deesal power oodi aarr10 tdi elmp1 upayogichu 12 manikkoor sebring nediya sesham, 2006leeii 24 manikkoor leeii maansilum oodi mothatthilulla vijayam nedi. ithaadyamaayaanu oru sports kaarinu saadhaarana indhanam allengil methanol, bio-ethanol enniva upayogichu pravartthikkunna kaarukalkkethire deesal indhanam upayogichu mothatthilulla vijayangalkkayi malsarikkaan kazhiyunnath. ennirunnaalum, ikko/yaakt rays niyamangal deesal polulla badal indhanangalude upayogathe prolsaahippikkunnathil ithinte praadhaanyam alppam kuranju. vijayakaramaya kaar 1990 nuu sheshamulla kozhs konfigareshan laap recordine 380 laapukalil 1 mechappeduthi. ennirunnaalum, 1971-ll sthaapicha ekkaalatheyum dhoora recordinakeal ithu kuravaayirunnu. 2007ll sebringle oodi veendum vijayichu. porshe rs speydarukal, gasoline powered purposes biltt rays kaarukal ennivayulppede muzhuvan mekhalayilum vegathayum indhana sambad vyavasthayum ithinu undaayirunnu. pyusho 908 eichdi phapp deesal power resaril ninnulla malsarathinethire 2007leeii 24 manikkoor leeii mans veendum oodi deesal nedi.
2006ll jeey. sii. bii deselmax deesal land speed record thakarthu. motham 1,500 kuthirashakthiyulla (1120 kilowatt) rund deesal enchinukalaanu vahanam upayogichathu. oronnum 4 silindar, 4.4-liter enchinaanu, ithu oru backhoe loaderil vaanijyaparamaayi upayogikkunnu."
2008 bii. tii. sii. siyil, jaasan plaattoyum darren tenarum factory sponsor cheytha seett liyon tii. dii. aii. yill vividha gasoline powered athiraalikalkkethire kurachu vijayathode oodi.

