
stockholm vaasthuvidya

stockholm vaasthuvidyaykku 13-aamm noottaandilethaayirikkaam, orupakshe athilum munbulla oru charithramund. chila srothassukal anusarichu, dveepinte vadakkukizhakkan bhaagath oru lalithamaaya prathirodha ghadana, orupakshe oru cheria kotta undayirikkaam. stockhomile kettidangalkk savisheshatha avayude savisheshamaaya sthaanam thadaakam malaren baltic kadalinum idayilaanu. vyavasaayavalkkaranathinte mahathaaya kaalaghattatthil hansiatic leag nagaratthe aadhunikavalkkarikkaanulla sakthamaaya aagraham kandu.
mikka pradhana kettidangaludeyum roopakalppana videsha swaadheenangal kaanikkunnu. pathinezhaam noottaandilum pathinettaam noottaandilum nagaram nirmmikkaan videsha vaasthushilpikale niyamichu, sameepakaalakhattangalil sweedish aarkkitektukal palappozhum europilekkum irupathaam noottaandil prathyekichu amerikkayilekkum nadatthiya paryadanangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondirunnu. videsha pravanathakal pinneedu sweedenil athukayum sweedish paarambaryatthinum abhiruchikkum anusrithamaayi maarukayum cheythu. neoclassism sweedish gustavian shailiyaayi maarukayum 1920 kalile art deco ulppedeyulla classicism oru prathyeka shailiyaayi maarukayum cheythu, palappozhum sweedish grays ennu vilikkappedunnu.
europil saadhaaranamaayirunna yudhathiloode nagaram naashatthil ninnu rakshappettathinal stockholm charitraparamaaya kettidangal pradhaanamaayum samrakshikkappedunnu. 1960kalilum 1970kalilum sweedish nagarangalilum pattanangalilum undaaya valia naashatharangavum eee budhishoonyamaaya nasheekaranathodulla prathikaranatthinum avasheshichathinekkurichu vilamatippinum kaaranamaayi.stockholm adisthaana soukaryangal pala tharatthil kettidangalumayi bandhappettirikkunnu, athinaal pradhana adisthaana soukarya gadakangal eee lekhanathil charcha cheyyum.
kettidangalude vikasanam.
1250-1600.
stockhominte ettavum pazhaya bhagam nagaratthile ettavum pazhaya kettidangalum avashishtangalum ulkkollunna gamla staan (pazhaya pattanam) aanu.
eee kaalaghattatthil nilanilkkunna kettidangal kooduthalum pallikalum rajakeeya kettidangalumaanu, kaaranam avaa akkaalathe mattu kettidangale apekshichu kooduthal modiyulla vasthukkalil ninnaan nirmmichathu. birger jarles keeriya (birger jaarl gopuram) nagaratthile ettavum pazhaya kettidamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, ennirunnaalum, pathinaram noottaandil gustav vaasayaan ithu nirmmichathennu ippol ariyappedunnu. 13-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathil nirmmicha redarholemen palli stockhomil nilanilkkunna ettavum pazhaya kettidamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. rajakeeya shavasamskaarangalkkaayi thiranjedukkunna palliyayi ithu varthikkumbol, mattoru palliyaya storkirkkan (mahathaaya palli) kireedadhaaranatthinaayi upayogichu. rund pallikalum nirmmikkappettathinum niravadhi thavana punarroopakalppana cheythittundu.
1430-kalil sweedante thalasthaanamaayi stockholm aadyamaayi paraamarshikkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum eee nagaram 200 varshathilereyaayi nilanilkkukayum oru saadhaarana hansa thuramukhamaayi maarukayum cheythu. eee kaalayalavil, jarmman karakaushala vidagthare palappozhum kettidangal nirmmikkaan niyamichirunnu, athinte falamaayi jarmman vaasthuvidyayude vyapakamaaya upayogam undaayi. eee kaalaghattatthil nirmmicha kettidangalil jarmman vyaapaari samghavum ulppedunnu, athu pinneedu jarmman palliyayi maari.
pazhaya pattanatthinte thekkum vadakkum bhaagathulla pradeshangale "malmarna" ennu vilichirunnu. 13-aamm noottaandinum 17-aamm noottaandinum idayil eee pradeshangalil valare lalithamaaya kettidangal maathrame undaayirunnulloo.
pathinalam noottaand-pathinettaam noottaand.
pathinalam noottaandil danish pravisyakalaaya scane, blecking ennivayumaayulla magnus raajaavinte tharkkangal stockholm ulppedeyulla sweedish nagarangalkkethiraya aakramanangalilekku nayichu. ithu stockholm pazhaya pattanamaya gamla staan enna sthalathu oru kottayude nirmmaanatthilekku nayichu. aduthide paraamarshichathupole, surakshaykkaayi gamla staan gadanaykku chuttumulla paalangalkkidayil stockholm neengiya oru kaalaghattamaayirunnu ithu. cathedral storkirkkanum kooduthal smarakangalaaya "three kireedangal" enna gopuravum ozhike nagara gadanakal maram kondaanu nirmmichathu. 
akkaalat aduthulla jalapaathakaliloode raajyangalkkidayil valia thothil vyapaaram nadannirunnathinaal stockholm vikasanathe germmaniyum prathyekichu swaadheenichu. vadakkan jarmman vaasthuvidyayaanu gamla staan ettavum pradhaanappettath.
pathinanjaam noottaandil stockholm nagarakendratthinte madhyathil brunkeberg yuddham pottipurappettu. tharkkatthinte falamaayi gustav vaasa rajaavu adhikaarathil varikayum nagaratthe oru swatantra rajavaazhchayaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. stockhominte vikasanam mattu pradhana europian nagarangalilekku uyarthiyathinte bahumati eee thanthrathinu nalkappedunnu. adutha noottaandukalil nagaram punarnirmmikkukayum kooduthal vikasippikkukayum cheythu. nagaram valareyadhikam vikasichu. gathaagathathinum mattu pothu sevanangalkkumayi adisthaana soukaryangal ganyamaayi vardhichu.
athupole, rajakeeya sambathu ganyamaayi vardhikkukayum rajakottaaram pole valia kottarangal nirmmikkappedukayum cheythu.

