
computer axus niyanthranam

computer surakshayil, pothu axus niyanthranatthil thirichariyal, amgeekaaram, praamaaneekaranam, axus amgeekaaram, ooditt enniva ulppedunnu. axus niyanthranatthinte kooduthal idungiya nirvachanam axus amgeekaaram maathrame ulkkolloo, athuvazhi vishayam axus cheyyaan adhikaarappeduthiyiriknedu adisthaanathil ithinakam aadhikaarikamaakkiya oru vishayathil ninnulla axus abhyarthana nalkano nirasikkaano sisttam theerumaanikkunnu. aadhikaarikathayum axus niyanthranavum palappozhum orotta pravarthanatthilekku samyojippikkappedunnu, athinaal vijayakaramaya aadhikaarikathaye adisthaanamaakkiyo allengil oru anjjaatha axus tokkanine adisthaanamaakkiyo axus amgeekarikkappedunnu. paasvedukal, biometric scanukal, physical keekal, electronic keekalum upakaranangalum, maranjirikkunna pathakal, saamoohika thadassangal, manushyarudeyum automated sisttangaludeyum nireekshanam enniva praamaaneekarana reethikalilum tokkanukalilum ulppedunnu.
software sthaapanangal.
eathoru axus-kantrol modalilum, sisttathil pravartthanangal nadatthaan kazhiyunna entittikale "subjectukal" ennum axus niyanthrikkenda vibhavangale prathinidheekarikkunna entittikale "objectukal" ennum vilikkunnu (axus kantrol matrix kaanuka). vishayangalum vasthukkalum manushya upayokthakkalaayi kanakkakkunnathinupakaram software entittikalaayi kanakkaakkanam eathoru manushya upayokthakkalkkum avar niyanthrikkunna software entittikaliloode maathrame sisttathil swaadheenam cheluthaan kazhiyoo.
chila sisttangal vishayangale "user aidikal" aayi thulyamaakkunnundenkum, athinaal oru upayokthaav swathave aarambhicha ellah prakriyakalkkum ore adhikaaramund, eee thalatthilulla niyanthranam kuranja prathyekaavakaasham enna thathwam thripthippeduthaan paryaapthamalla, mathramalla atharam sisttangalil malveyarinte vyaapanathin ithu utharavaadiyaanu (computer arakshithaavastha kaanuka).
chila modalukalil, udaaharanathinu object-kappability modalil, eathoru software entittikkum vishayamaayum vasthuvayum pravartthikkaan kazhiyum.
axus-kantrol modalukal rund klaasukalil onnil pedunnu kazhivukale adisthaanamaakkiyullavayum axus kantrol listtukale (acl) adisthaanamaakkiyullavayum.
sheshi adisthaanamaakkiyullathum acl adisthaanamaakkiyullathumaya modalukalkk vishayangalude oru "groupile" ellah amgangalkkum praveshana avakashangal anuvadikkunnathinulla samvidaanangalundu (palappozhum group thanne oru vishayamaayi maathrkayaakkappedunnu).
sevanangal.
axus kantrol sisttangal "amgeekaaram", "thirichariyal, praamaaneekaranam" ("aii & eiii"), "axus amgeekaaram", "utharavaaditham" ennivayude avashya sevanangal nalkunnu
anumathi.
vishayangalude praveshanaavakaasham nirvachikkunna pravarthanamaanu amgeekaarathil ulppedunnathu. oru samvidaanathinullil vishayangalkk nadappilakkaan anuvaadamulla pravartthanangal oru amgeekaara nayam vyakthamaakkunnu.
mikka aadhunika operating sisttangalum moonnu adisthaana tharam aaksasukalude vyathiyaanangalo vipuleekaranangalo aaya aupachaarika anumathikalude koottangalaayi amgeekaara nayangal nadappilaakkunnu
vivechanaadhikaaramulla axus niyanthranam" ("daaku"), "nirbandhitha axus niyanthranam" ("mack") ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla sisttangalil eee avakashangalum anumathikalum vyathyasthamayi nadappilaakkunnu.
thirichariyalum aadhikaarikathayum.
identityum praamaaneekaranavum (i & a) ennathu aidantitti avakaashappedukayo avakaashappedukayo cheiyunna entittiyumaayi oru aidantitti bandhappettirikkunnave parishodhikkunna prakriyayaan. aii & eiii prakriya saadhaaranayaayi aidantitti proofing ennu vilikkunna aidantittiyude prarambha moolyanirnnayam undennu anumaanikkunnu. sarkkar nalkia identification upayogichu vyakthiparamayi saadhookarikkal muthal avakaashavaadiye anjjaathanaayi thudaraan anuvadikkunna anjjaatha reethikal vare aidantitti proofinginte vividha reethikal labhyamaan, pakshe avar madangiyethiyaal systethinu ariyaam. aidantitti proofingin moolyanirnnayathinum upayogikkunna reethi systethinullile aidantittiyude uddeshicha upayogathinu anusrithamaayi oru urappu level nalkanam. thudarnnu, saadhuthaykkulla maargamaayi oru aadhikaarikathayodoppam oru aidantitti urappikkunnu. identifierinte eaka aavasyakatha athu athinte suraksha domainil advitheeyamaayirikkanam ennathaanu.
aadhikaarikatha saadhaaranayaayi thaazhepparayunna naalu gadakangalil onnengilum adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu
praveshana anumathi.
pravartthana samayat yadhaarthathil axus nalkukayo nirasikkukayo cheiyunna pravarthanamaanu axus amgeekaaram.
axus amgeekaara samayat, abhyarthana anuvadikkappedumo nirasikkappedumo ennu nirnnayikkaan sisttam amgeekaara nayatthinte aupachaarika praathinidhyathe axus abhyarthanayumaayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu. koodaathe, praveshana vilayiruthal oonlainaayi/thudarchayaayi nadatthaam.
utharavaaditham.
oru vishayathe athinte pravarthanangalumaayi bandhappeduthunnathinu utharavaaditham "ooditt trials" (recordukal), "logukal" thudangiya sisttam gadakangal upayogikkunnu. oru niyantritha upayokthaavin vishayam mapp cheyyaan record cheytha vivarangal mathiyakum. ooditt paathakalkkum logukalkkum praadhaanyamund
ningalude logukal aarum pathivayi avalokanam cheyyukayum avaa surakshithavum sthiravumaaya reethiyil paripalikkaathirikkukayum cheythaal, avaa thelivaayi sveekaaryamalla.
clipping levelukal" ennariyappedunna chila munkootty nirvachikkapetta maanadandangal allengil paridhi adisthaanamaakki pala sistangalkkum automated reportukal srishtikkaan kazhiyum. udaaharanathinu, thaazhepparayunna kaaryangalkkayi oru report srishtikkaan oru clipping level sajjamakkam
eee reportukal oru sisttam administrettarineyo security administrettarineyo saadhyamaaya break-inn sramangal kooduthal eluppathil thirichariyaan sahayikkunnu.
clipping levalinte nirvachanam oru diskinte kanthika gunangal nilanirthaanum athinte ulladakkam nilanirthaanumulla kazhivu. uyarnna nilavaaramulla level rench 65-70% aanu; kuranja nilavaaram 55 sathamaanathil thaazheyaan.
praveshana niyanthranangal.
axus kantrol modalukale chilappol vivechanaadhikaaramullatho vivechanaadhikaaramillaatho aayi tharamthirichittundu. vivechanaadhikaara axus kantrol (dac), nirbandhitha axus kantrol (mack), roll adhishtitha axus kantrol (rbac) ennivayaanu ettavum vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappetta moonnu modalukal. mack vivechanaatheethamaan.
vivechanaadhikaaramulla praveshana niyanthranam.
oru vasthuvinte udama nirnnayikkunna nayamaan vivechanaadhikaara axus kantrol (dac). aarkkaan vasthu axus cheyyaan anuvaadamullathennum avarkk enthu aanukoolyangalaanennum udama theerumaanikkunnu.
dacyile rund pradhana ashayangal ivayaanu
acl adisthaanamaakkiyullatho sheshi adisthaanamaakkiyullatho aaya axus niyanthrana samvidaanangalil axus niyanthranangal vivechanaadhikaaramullathaayir. (sheshi adisthaanamaakkiyulla samvidaanangalil, saadhaaranayaayi 'udama' enna vyakthamaaya ashayamilla, ennaal oru vasthuvinte srashtaavinu athinte axus nayathil samanamaaya niyanthranamund.)
nirbandhitha praveshana niyanthranam.
oru upayokthaavine resource axus cheyyaan anuvadikkunna niyamangal nilavilundenkil maathram oru resourcilekku axus anuvadikkunnathine nirbandhitha axus niyanthranam soochippikkunnu. ithu kaikaaryam cheyyaan prayaasamaan, pakshe valare sensitiivu vivarangal samrakshikkaan upayogikkumbol athinte upayogam saadhaaranayaayi nyaayeekarikkappedunnu. chila sarkkar, sainika vivarangal udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. sreniparamaaya axus niyanthranam upayogicho censitivity labelukal nadappilaakkiyo vivarangal samrakshikkaan kazhiyumenkil maanejment palappozhum lalithamaakkunnu (aavasyamullathinekkaal). eee reethiye "nirbandhamaakkunnathu" niyamangaludeyo censitivity labelukaludeyo upayogamaanu.
nirbandhitha axus niyanthranam prayogikkunnathinu saadhaaranayaayi rund reethikal upayogikkunnu
kurachu sisttangal mack nadappilaakkunnu; xts-400, selenex enniva cheiyunna sisttangalude udaaharanangalaan.
roll adhishtitha axus niyanthranam.
roll adhishtitha axus kantrol (aarr. bii. eiii. sii) ennathu sisttam nirnnayikkunna oru axus nayamaan, allathe udama allah. vaanijyaparamaaya prayogangalilum sainika samvidaanangalilum aarr. bii. eiii. sii upayogikkunnu, avide multy-level suraksha aavashyakathakalum nilanilkkaam. rbac dacyil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, dac upayokthaakkale avarude vibhavangalilekkulla praveshanam niyantrikkaan anuvadikkunnu, athesamayam arbacyil, axus niyanthrikkunnath upayokthaavinte niyanthranathinu purathulla sisttam thalathilaanu. aarr. bii. eiii. sii. vivechanaatheethamaanenkilum, praadhamikamaayi anumathikal kaikaaryam cheiyunna reethiyil ithu maakkil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum. oru upayokthaavinte clearance levelineyum adhika labelukaleyum adisthaanamaakki mack niyanthranangal vaayikkanum ezhuthaanumulla anumathikal nalkunnu. iii-komezhs edapaadu polulla sankeernamaaya pravartthanangal ulppedaam, allengil vaayikkukayo ezhuthukayo cheiyunnathu pole lalithamaaya anumathikalude shekharam aarr. bii. eiii. sii niyanthrikkunnu. aarr. bii. eiii. sile oru roll anumathikalude oru koottamaayi kaanaan kazhiyum.
aarr. bii. eiii. sii. kku moonnu praadhamika niyamangal nirvachikkappettittundu
adhika parimithikalum prayogikkaam, uyarnna thalatthilulla rolukal thaazhnna thalatthilulla sub-rolukalude udamasthathayilulla anumathikal ulkkollunna oru shreniyil rolukal samyojippikkaan kazhiyum.
mikka aidi vendarmaarum onno athiladhikamo uthppannangalil aarbsinte sevanam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu.
attribute adisthaanamaakkiyulla axus niyanthranam.
attribute adhishtitha axus kantrolil (eiii. bii. eiii. sii), praamaaneekaranathinu sesham oru upayokthaavumaayi bandhapetta vishayathinte avakaashangale adisthaanamaakkiyalla, marichu upayokthaavinte aatribyoottukale adisthaanamaakkiyaanu axus anuvadikkunnathu. axus kantrol enchinile thante allengil avalude aatribyoottukalekkurithu avakaashavaadangal ennu vilikkappedunnava upayokthaav theliyikkendathundu. attribute adisthaanamaakkiyulla axus kantrol poolisi oru vasthuvilekku axus nalkunnathinu eathu kleyimukal thripthippeduthanamennu vyakthamaakkunnu. udaaharanathinu, claim "18-ll kooduthal pazhakkamulla" aayirikkam. eee avakaashavaadam theliyikkaan kazhiyunna eathoru upayokthaavinum praveshanam nalkunnu. aadhikaarikathayum thirichariyalum karsanamaayi aavashyamillaathappol upayokthaakkalkk anjjaatharaayirikkaam. ennirunnaalum, avakaashavaadangal anjjaathamaayi theliyikkunnathinulla marggangal oraalkk aavasyamaanu. udaaharanathinu, anjjaathamaaya credentialukal upayogichu ithu nedaanaakum. attribute adisthaanamaakkiyulla axus niyanthranathinulla oru maanadandamaanu xacml (extensible axus kantrol markup langwej). 2013 januvariyil xacml 3 staanderdais cheythu.
break glass axus kantrol modalukal.
parambaraagathamaayi, aaksasinu axus niyanthrikkuka ennathaanu uddeshyam, athinaal mikka axus kantrol modalukalum "sthirasthithi nishedham thathwam" pinthudarunnu, athaayath.iii. oru prathyeka axus abhyarthana vyakthamaayi anuvadikkunnillenkil, athu nirasikkappedum. eee perumaattam oru sisttathinte pathiv pravarthanangalumaayi vairudhyamundaakkaam. chila saahacharyangalil, nedaan kazhiyunna nettangal eee apakadasaadhyathayekkaal kooduthalaanengil, oru axus kantrol poolisi lamghikkunnathil ulppettekkaavunna risk edukkaan manushyar thayyaaraan. eee aavasyam aarogya samrakshana mekhalayil prathyekichum drishyamaanu, avide rogiyude rekhakalilekkulla praveshanam nishedhikkunnathu oru rogiyude maranathinu kaaranamakum. break-glass (break-dhii-glass ennum vilikkunnu) axus niyanthrana theerumaanathe marikadakkaan upayokthaakkale anuvadichukondu ithu laghookarikkaan sramikkuka. break glass onnukil oru prathyeka reethiyilulla praveshana niyanthranatthil nadappilaakkaam (udha.jii. aarr. bii. eiii. sii.), allengil generic (i.iii., adisthaana axus kantrol modalil ninnu swathanthramaayi).
hoost adhishtitha axus kantrol (hbac).
praarambhavaadam echbiesinte ardham "hoost adhishtitha axus kantrol" ennaanu.

