
maranatthinte trikonam (itali)

azera, noola, marigliano ennivayude "communi" ulkkollunna italiyile campania pravishyayile naples nagaratthil ninnu ekadesham 25 kilometer vadakkukizhakkaayi sthithicheyyunna oru pradesamaanu trikonam oof deth (). 1990kalilum 2000kalilum undaaya maalinya samskarana prathisandhi kaaranam europile ettavum valia anadhikritha maalinyakkoombaaram eee pradeshathaanu. 
praadeshika landfillukal nirachathinushesham camora criminal oorganaiseshan anadhikrithamaayi maalinyangal neekkam cheiyunnathil ninnulla malineekaranavumaayi bandhapetta kaansarumaayi bandhapetta marananirakkil eee mekhala vardhanavu anubhavichittundu.
camora, 'indrangetha' thudangiya criminal sindikkettukal nadathunna vyapakamaaya paaristhithika kuttakrithyangalude prathibhasam "ecomaphia" enna padatthinu kaaranamaayi.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
2004 septambaril lancet oongolajiyil prasidheekaricha oru shaasthreeya prasidheekaranathilaanu eee pradeshavumaayi bandhappett "maranatthinte trikonam" enna padam aadyamaayi upayogichathu.
avalokanam.
ekadesham 550,000 aalukal maranatthinte trikonathilaanu jeevikkunnath. karal cancer moolamulla 100,000 nivaasikalil vaarshika marananirakk eee mekhalayile purushanmaarkk ekadesham 38.4 umm sthreekalkku 20.8 umm aanu, deseeya sharashariyaaya 14 neey apekshichu. kendra naadeevyavasthayile moothrasanchi cancerinum cancerinum ulla marananirakkum deseeya saraashariyekkaal kooduthalaanu. arbudathil ninnulla uyarnna marananirakk camera ulppedeyulla vividha samghaditha kuttakrithya grouppukal niyamavirudhavum anuchithavumaya apakadakaramaaya maalinya nirmaarjanatthinte saannidhyathilekku viral choondunnu. 2004 leeii "lancet oongoolaji" lekhanathil ingane paraamarshichu "innu, maalinyangalude niyamaparamaaya maanejmentum aarogya niyanthranangal paalikkunnathumayi bandhappett niyamavirudhamaaya krithrimathvavum thammilulla vyathyasam valare idungiyathum aarogya apakadasadhyathakal vardhichukondirikkunnathu... italiyile 5000 anadhikrithamo aniyanthrithamo aaya landfill sittukal prathyeka vimarsanam nerittu; apakadakaramaaya maalinya nirddeshavum landfill nirddeshavum lamghichathinu italikku ithinakam rund thavana munnariyipp nalkiyittundu, europian union ippol italiye thudarnadapadikalkkaayi europian kodathiyilekku ruffer cheythittundu."
seeniyarmarum masayum upayogikkunna reethikal pakshapaathaparamaanennu thallikkalanjukondu deseeya gaveshana kaunsil reportine vimarshichu. ithokkeyaanengilum, eee vishayathil aadya thaalpparyavum ashankayum janippikkukayum prathisandhiyiludaneelam ettavum kooduthal udharikkappedunna thelivukalude uravidamaayi maarukayum cheythu.
chila maadyamangal francineyum jarmaniyeyum maalinya srothassukalaayi report cheiyunnundenkilum, italiyekkurichulla vimarshanangalilum aavashyangalilum europian union maalinyathinte uravidangalekkurichu nishabdatha paalikkunnu.
anadhikrithamaayi vishamalinyangal valicheriyunnu.
1994 februvariyode, campaniyayile niravadhi praadeshika landfillukal niranju, pradhaanamantri carlo aseglio siampi adiyantharaavastha prakhyapikkukayum campaniyayile maalinya adiyantharaavasthaykkaayi samiti roopeekarikkukayum cheythu ("kaambaaniyayile commusariatto dii gavarno perr ell 'emergensa refiyutty"). 
1999 disambarode ellah praadeshika landfillukalum sheshiyilethi. munisippal maalinya nirmarjana bisinessil labhakaramaaya oru bisinesses srishticha sakthamaaya campania aasthaanamaayulla maafiyayaaya kaamorayaan prathisandhikk kaaranamaayathenn 2008 leeii reportukal prasthaavichu, kooduthalum maranatthinte trikonathilaanu. vyaavasaayika kambanikalude pankaalitthatthode, anadhikritha dumperukal palappozhum kanatha lohangal, vyaavasaayika maalinyangal, rasavasthukkal, gaarhika maalinyangal enniva orumichu kalarthukayum kandethunnathu ozhivakkaan avaa roadukalkk sameepam valicheriyukayum kathikkukayum cheiyunnathu gurutharamaaya mannilekkum vaayu malineekaranathilekkum nayikkunnu. 
jiacomo dii 'alyssa muthalaayavarude abhipraayathil., eee kaalayalavil camera avarude niyamavirudhamaaya maalinya nirmarjana thanthram vaividyavalkkarichathinaal sthithi vashalaayi 1) apakadakaramaaya maalinyangal trekkiloode graamapradesangalil kondupookukayum valicheriyukayum cheyyuka; 2) anadhikritha guhakalilo dwaarangalilo maalinyangal valicheriyuka; 3) spodanangal ozhivaakkaanum thudarnnu kathikkaanum vishamalinyangal thunitharangalumaayi kalarthuka; 4) maalinyangal niraykkunnathinum insinarettarukalkkum vendi nagaramalinyangalumaayi vishamalinyangal kalarthuka."
oru camera amgamaaya nansiyo perella 1992 ll arast cheyyappedukayum adhikaarikalumaayi sahakarikkaan thudangukayum cheythu; addeham paranju "maalinyam svarnnamaanu."casalacy vamshathinte thalavanaaya gaittaano vasallo, vishamalinyangal valicheriyunnathinu anumathi nedunnathinaayi praadeshika raashtreeyakkaarkkum udyogastharkkum kaikkooli nalkaan 20 varshatholam vyavasthaapithamaayi pravarthichathaayi sammathichu. itaaliyan republicinte president georgio napolitano 2008 juunil paranju
marana maalinya prathisandhiyude trikonam.
maranatthinte trikonavum maalinya samskarana prathisandhiyum praadhamikamaayi anadhikritha maalinyangal thallunnathu niyanthrikkunnathil sarkkar paraajayappettathinte falamaanu. punarupayogam, maalinya samskarana paripaadikal enniva nirbandhamaakkaan sarkkar shramichuvenkilum athu kazhinjilla, ithu niyamaviruddha pravarthanangalkkulla avasarangal vipuleekarikkukayum maalinya prathisandhi pariharikkunnathin kooduthal thadassangal srishtikkukayum cheythu.
dioxinukal polulla malineekaranavasthukkal eee pradeshathu, prathyekichu azeraik chuttum, athupole thanne anadhikritha maalinya nirmarjanam, monteefiberinte bisinus jillayil polum kaanapedunnu. 1987 ll thanne paristhithi manthraalayathinte oru utharavu azera "paristhithi prathisandhiyude uyarnna apakadasaadhyathayil" ennu adayaalappeduthi.
mannilum pradeshathe nivaasikalilum uyarnna alavil polychlorinated biphenals (pcbs) kandethi. porto margerayil (venesinu sameepamulla vyaavasaayika kappalpradeshangal) ninnu uthbhavikkunna vyaavasaayika slurry compostinte vesham dharichu azera graamapradesangalile vayalukalil casalacy vamsham palappozhum bhoovudamakalude sahaayathode vyaapippichathayi anumaanikkappedunnu.
oru kesil, 2006 leeii anweshanathil oru kambaniyude swathukkal pidichedutthu, athil kambani venetto, tuscany mekhalakalile vyavasayangalil ninnulla maalinyangal bakoli, giugliano, kwaliano pradeshangalile anadhikrithamaayi neekkam cheythuvennu aaropikkapettu. ekadesham oru dasalaksham tonn vishamalinyangal neekkam cheythathayi parayappedunnu, ithu 27 dasalaksham euro varumanam nedunnu. kambani ithinakam thanne 2003leeii anweshanathinu vidheyamaayirunnu. mattoru kesil, vishavasthukkal niranja oru tank mariglianoyile anadhikritha kuppiyil kuzhichitta nilayil kandethi.
udaaharanathinu, vayaringil ninnu chembu veendedukkunnathinaayi anadhikrithamaayi maalinyangal kathikkunnathu dioxinukal anthareekshathilekku purathuvidumennu ariyappedunnu. kooduthal pothuvaaya maalinya nirmarjana prashnam moolam niyamaanusrithamaaya kathikkalukalkidayil atharam thee eluppathil maraykkappedunnu, apakadakaramaaya vasthukkal niyamavirudhamaayi kathikkunnathu 2007 lum 2008 lum prathyekichum sradhikkappettu. neppilsinte vadakkan pradeshathu theepidithatthinte saannidhyam ezhuthukaaranaaya roberto saviano "land oof pirus" ("terra dee futchie") thante pusthakatthile "gomora" enna adhyaya thalakkettayi upayogikkaan prerippichu.
2000-ll paarlamentari kammeeshan nadatthiya anweshanathil naapilsile senjiyoyude aknayil ninnu varunna piyaanoora landfillil ekadesham 800,000 tonn cheliyum faiba (impregillo grouppinte oru kambani) niyanthrikkunna villaarikkayude landfillilekku maalinyangal neekkam cheiyunnathile chila kramakkedukalum kandethi.
landfillukalkulla ethirppu.
2007num 2008num idayil, maalinya kammeeshanar guido bertoloso (sivil protection departmentinte thalavan) oru landfill thurakkaan padhathiyittirunnuvenkum chiano nivaasikal ithine ethirthu. sarkkar kammeeshanar nirddeshicha adacha landfill veendum thurakkunnathinu pianosayilum samanamaaya ethirppundaayirunnu. chila prathishedhangal akramaasakthamaayi maarukayum 2008 meyy maasathil landfillukal, insinarettarukal allengil maalinya samskaranavumaayi bandhapetta eathenkilum plaantinu sameepam prathishedham nadathunnathu shiksharhamaaya kuttakrithyamaayi maarukayum cheythu. praadeshika rashtreeya thaalpparyangalum samghaditha kuttakrithyangalum thammil koottukettu undayathaayi aaropikkappedunnu.
2008 juulai 17 aayappozhekkum adiyantharaavastha avasanichathaayi berlusconi prakhyaapichu.
aserayude insinarettarinum praadeshika pradeshathu thirichadi labhichittund. 2009ll 350 dasalaksham euroyil kooduthal chelavil azera insinareshan soukaryam poortthiyaayi. maalinyathil ninnu labhikkuna indhanam uthppaadippikkunnathina insinarettar prathivarsham 600,000 tonn maalinyangal kathikkunnu. eee soukaryathil ninnu uthppaadippikkunna oorjjam prathivarsham 200,000 veedukalkku vaidyuthi nalkaan paryaapthamaan.
epidemiological gaveshanam.
2007ll lokaarogya samghadanayaaya itaaliyan instityootto superior dii saanita, konsigliyo nassionale delle research, campania mekhala enniva nadatthiya gaveshanathil 1994num 2002num edayilulla kaalayalavil 196 munisippaalittikalil cancerineyum janmana undaakunna asaadhaaranathakaleyum kurichulla vivarangal shekharichu. eee asaadhaarana paattenukal aniyanthrithamaaya maalinya sittukal ulla pradesangalumaayi bandhappettirikkam. ennirunnaalum, kaaryakaaranasadhyatha nirnnayikkunnathilum vardhichuvarunna marananirakkum vaikalya nirakkum maalinya nirmarjanavum thammilulla bandham sthaapikkunnathilum ulla budhimuttukalum eee kruthi eduthukaanichu.
seeniyar, massa padanangalkku sesham, uyarnna cancer nirakkukale maalinya eksposharumaayi krithyamaayi bandhippikkaan mattu niravadhi padanangal nadathiyittundu. campania mekhalayile pradeshangale uyarnna (soochikayil 5) allengil kuranja (soochikayil 1) apakadasaadhyathayaayi tharamthirikkunna sarkkar nirmmitha maalinya-exposure soochika, chuttumulla dumping saittukalil adangiyirikkunna maalinyangalude tharam, motham maalinyathinte alavu 10,000 cubic meettaril kooduthal, vellam, mannu, vaayu ennivayil purathuvidaanulla saadhyatha enniva srishtikkappettu. maranatthinte trikonathil niravadhi cancer tharangalkk sthithivivarakkanakusaricha ganyamaaya aapekshika apakadasadhyathakal kandethiyittundu, ennirunnaalum, pukayila upabhogam, thozhil thudangiya jeevitashaili aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunna reethikal palappozhum phalangale valachodikkaan paadupedunnu.
oru us naavika padanatthil oonn-bays udyogastharkku yadhaarthathil doshafalangalonnum illennu nishedhichu, ennirunnaalum malinamaaya kinarukal choondikkaatti avarude oof-bays udyogasthare kuppivellam kudikkaan upadeshichu. us naavikasenayude report aanava maalinyangal thallunnathinte lakshanangalonnum nishedhikkukayum pakaram yureniyathinte adayaalangal agniparvvatha pravartthanavumaayi bandhappeduthukayum cheythu.
malineekaranavum kaarshika kayattumathiyum.
kaambaaniyayile praadeshika bhoomiyude pakuthiyiladhikam krishikkaayi upayogikkunnu, athinaal eee pradeshatthinte sambadvyavasthaye maalinya prathisandhi prathikoolamaayi badhikkunnu. 2007 januvarikkum maarchinum idayil, kaarshika bhoomiyil 30,000 kilogram maalinyangal kathichu, 118,000 euroyil kooduthal varumanam. eee mekhalayil, 2006 nuu munbu 12,000 kannukaalikal, nadeethada pothukal, aadukal enniva kollappettu. uyarnna alavilulla dioxine ulla aserayile faamukalil uyarnna marananirakkum asaadhaaranamaaya bhroonangalum rekhappeduthiyittundu. praadeshika padanangal eee pradeshathu valarunna pachakkarikalil anuvadaneeyamaayathinekkaal uyarnna ledu undennu kaanikkunnu. maafiyayude anadhikritha maalinya nirmarjana raakkattine sarkkar kuttappeduthunnu.
2008 maarchil casserta krishiyidangalil ninnu pothu paalil dioxine kandethi. campaniyayile 2.8 sathamaanam krishiyidangale maathrame baadhichulloovenkilum, campaniyayil ninnulla ksheera uthppannangalude vilppana aabhyanthara, aagola vipanikalil thakarnnu.
thudarnnu jappan, chaina, russia, jarmmani ennivayulppede niravadhi rajyangal shradhaakendram uyarthunnathu muthal irakkumathi nirtthivaykkunnathu vare vividha nadapadikal sweekarichu. europian yooniyanil ninnulla sammarddaparamaaya abhyarthanakalkku marupadiyaayi polum itaaliyan sthaapanangal udan thanne sajeevamaavukayum chila kesukalil kuttaaropitha pravisyakalil ninnulla ksheera uthppannangalude vilppana thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivaykkukayum cheythu. napples, casserta, avellino pravisyakalil edutha saambilukalil kuranjathu 14 shathamaanamenkilum dioxinukalude alavu saadhaaranayekkaal kooduthalaanennu parisodhanakal kaanichu. salerno, benevento pravisyakalil, oru niyanthranavum dioxine positivittiye soochippichilla. enthaayaalum, eee malineekaranam parimithamaaya reethiyil, pii. dii. oo pothu moserella dopp ulppaadippikkaan upayogikkunna krishiyidangale baadhichu. 2008 march 28 nuu aadyam sajeevamaaya mosarellakkulla nirodhanam epril 19 nuu chaina theerchayaayum neekkam cheyyukayum naalu itaaliyan upabhokthru asosiyeshanukalkku vendi 2013 desemberil germmaniyil nadatthiya parisodhanakal dioxine, hevi mettal ennivayude alavu niyamaparamaaya paridhiyekkaal anchirattiyenkilum kuravaanennu eduthukaanichu.