
tourin udambadi (1860)

1860 march 24 nuu france peedmond-sardinia thammil avasaanicha tourin udambadi, noottaandukal pazhakkamulla itaaliyan aadhipathyam avasaanippichukondu duchy naise kaundiyum fraansumaayi kootticherttha upakaranamaan.
pashchaathalam.
fraansile moonnaamathe nepolian chakravarty sardinia raajyathinte pradhaanamanthriyaaya kaavoorinte kaundum 1858 juulai 21nuu plompiyezhs-less-bainsil rahasyamaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. marpappa rominte niyanthranam nilanirthukayaanenkil sardinia italiye ekeekarikkunnathine france pinthunaykkumennu avar sammathichu. pakaram, kooduthal samthrupthiyode, pradhaanamaayum itaaliyan samsaarikkunna naise kaundiyodoppam duchy oof saavoy fraansinu vittukodukkaan sardiniayodu aavasyappettu.
1859 eprilil, lombard vighadanavaadikalkku sardinia aayudangal vitharanam cheiyunnuvennu parathippetta austriya, saardiniyaykkethire yuddham prakhyaapichu. franco-sardinian sainyam pala yudhangalilum austriyakkaare paraajayappedutthi palestro, montebello, majanta, solferino.
ennaal thante sainyathinte vyakthiparamaaya adikaaram ettedutha nepolian moonnaaman, rakthachorichil ethratholam vyaapakamaayirunnuvennu svayam bhayappettathayi avakaashappedukayum yuddham avasaanippikkaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. 1859 juulai 12 nuu willafrankayude vedinirthal karaarumaayi poraattam avasaanichu. vedinirthal 1859 november 10 nuu soorich udambadiyilekku nayichu, athu lombardy sardiniyayilekku maatti. karyangal maariyappol, samboornna itaaliyan ekeekaranam deerghakaalathekku maattivachilla.
sardiniyayile antharicha rajaavaaya chaals albert (1798-1849) oru sajeeva itaaliyan desheeyavaadiyaayirunnu. francophone savoiyile liberal varenyavargakkaarkkidayil, toorinile "savoy veedu" mondu blankinappuram avarude pravishyayekkurichu valia aashankayillennu ashayam valarnnirunnu. praayogikamaayi paranjaal, europiludaneelam samsthaana pravartthanangalude vyaapthi vardhichukondirunna oru samayat, sarkkar niyamanangal nadathumbol franch samsaarikkunnavarkkethiraya vivechanathil ithu prakadamaayirunnu. 1859 juulai 25nuu chamberiyile 30 pramukha pouranmaar nepolian III-neey abhisambodhana cheyth, franchumaayi cherkkanamennu aavasyappettu.
saavoyiyile mattidangalil, prathyekichu vadakku, franch kootticherkkal enna aashayathodulla ethirppu aninirakkaan thudangi. nepolian onnaamante aadya franch saamraajyathinte vibhajanathinte bhaagamaayi 1816ll jineevayumaayi chernnulla munkaala savoyard pravisyayaaya karoj, oru muun tourin udambadi prakaram swittsarlandilekku mattappettu. ippol charcha cheyyappedunna saahacharyangalil sardinia pravisyayaayi savoi thudarnnukondirikkuyo allengil kooduthalo muzhuvan pradeshavum swittsarlandumaayi cherukayo cheyyuka enniva ulppedunnu, ithu grettu brittan anukoolamaaya oru falamaanu. poornnamaayum svayambharanamulla oru savoy enna aashayathin valare kurachu pinthuna maathrame undaayirunnulloo, cheria ardha svayambharana pradeshangalude durbalata nepolian I jeevanulla oormmaykkullil vyakthamaayi prakadippichu.
udambadi.
vairudhyamulla saahacharyangalil antharleenamaaya anishchithathvangal neridukayum swittsarlandinte kooduthal vipuleekaranam sweekarikkaan thayyarakathirikkukayum cheytha franch, sardinian nayathanthranjar nadapadiyilekku neengi. 1860 march 24nuu oppuvacha tourin udambadiyaayirunnu athinte phalam. 1858-ll plombiyezhsil charcha cheythathupole chila vyavasthakalkku vidheyamaayi, vivekiyum neyyum fraansumaayi chernnu.
anthimarekhayude article 1, manappoorvvam avyakthamaaya padangalil, nallavarum vivekikalumaaya aalukal krameekaranatthinu sammathichathin sheshamaan kootticherkkal nadakkukayennum prasthaavichu. 1860 maarchil sardinian sainyam sardinia raajyathodulla vishwasthathayude prathinjayil ninnu thante sarvinia rajaavu epril 1 nuu thante sarvinia prajakale mochippikkukayum uchithamayi thayyarakkiya oru pothuprakhyapanam (muthirnna purushanmaarkk maathramaayi parimithappedutthiya, fraansil ithinakam nepolian III sthaapicha maathruka pinthudarnnu) epril 15,16 theeyathikalil neysilum epril 22,23 theeyathikalil saroyiyilum udambadikku janakeeya amgeekaaram nalkunnathinaayi nadathukayum cheythu.
swis parihaarathinu ettavum sakthamaaya aakarshanam undaayirunna savoyiyude vadakku ninnu pratheekshicha prathirodhatthe vyathichalippikkunnathini, sent-genix-surr-giyezhs, leeii chattelaard, feverges, yujin ennivar nirvachicha oru rekhaykku vadakku duty free soninte oru roopam srishtichathaayi sthireekarichu. aaa vyavasthayude phalam, ippol franch athirthiyude bhaagamaayi maarunna savoyiyude vadakkan athirthi posttukal swittsarlandumaayulla yadhaartha athirthiyil ninnu ganyamaaya akale sthithicheyyumennathaayirunnu. athirthi posttukalkku vadakku pakshe swittsarlandinu thekk bhaagathulla savoy strippinte rashtreeya nishpakshatha, swittsarlandinoppam aaa bhoomiyude nishpakshatha, vienna kongrassinte anthima niyamatthinte nibandhanakal prakaram 1815 ll ithinakam sammathichathayi tourin udambadi aavarthichu.
epril 22nuu saavoyil nadanna hitaparisodhanayude phalam eee chodyathinu oru valia "athe" aayirunnu "fraansumaayi aikyappedaan savoi aagrahikkunnundo?"vadakkan savoiyil, sweetsarlandumaayulla duty free soninte sweekaaryathaye soochippikkunna" "athe, mekhala" "ennathaayirunnu amgeekritha vottu". franch kootticherkkaline pinthunaykkunnathinulla samanamaaya pothu vottu orazhcha munbu naise kaundiyil nadanna pothuprakhyaapanathiloode nediyirunnu.
yukthisahamaayi, athath raajaakkanmaarkk udambadi oppidunnathinu munbu hitaparisodhanayude phalam ariyendathu aavashyamaayirunnu. hitaparisodhana nadakkunnathinu oru maasam munbu udambadi yadhaarthathil oppuvachu enna vastutha, udambadiye pinthunaykkunna bhooripakshathinte valupavum hitaparisodhanaykku upayogikkunna chodyathinte vaakkukalum karaaril oppuvachathin sesham peedmontees sainyavum police pinvalichathinaal franch poleesinte niyanthranatthil nadanna "janakeeya koodiyaalochana" yude nadathippinekkurichu thudarnnulla samshayangalkk kaaranamaaya chila gadakangalaayirunnu.
vaachakam.
thurinil oppittu
1860 march 24
ettavum vishudhavum avibhajyavumaaya thrimoorthikalude peril, france sardinia thammilulla praadeshika bandhangalil varuthiya maattangalude anantharafalamaayi, savoi naisinte ("sarkondariyo dii nissa") "arrontisment" fraansumaayi kootticherkkaan ("reunion") addehathe prerippicha parigananakal franch chakravarty vishadeekarichukondu, sardiniyayile rajaavu athil cheraan sannadhanaanennu kaanichukondu, avarude paranja bharanadhikaarikal athinaayi oru udambadi avasaanippikkaan theerumaanikkukayum avarude plenipottenshyarikal ennu namakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu franch chakravarty baaran dii tallyrand perrig [...]..] koodaathe emm. benedetti [...]; addehathinte rajaavaaya sardiniyayile rajaavu, addehathinte rajaavaaya kaamili benzo dii cavor [...], addehathinte shreshtanaaya shevelier chaals luis fariniyum [...] thangalude muzhuvan adikaarangalum sariyaaya roopathil kaimaattam cheytha sesham thaazhepparayunna anuchedangal amgeekarichu -
kala. 1. addehathinte rajaavaaya sardiniyayile rajaavu francilake savoy ("reunion") kootticherkkalinum naisinte ("sarkondariyo dii nissa") "arrontisment" ("sarkondariyo dii nissa")-num sammathikkukayum tanikkum thante ellah pingaamikalkkum vendi upekshikkukayum pingaamikal thante avakashangalum melpparanja pradeshangalodulla avakaashavaadangalum prakhyapikkukayum cheiyunnu. janangalude aagrahangalkk oru thadassavumillaathe eee "reunion" nadappaakkumennum franch chakravarthiyudeyum sardinia rajaavinteyum sarkkarukal aaa aagrahangalude prakadanangale ("konstettar") vilamathikkunnathinum shradhikkunnathinumulla mikacha maargangalil ethrayum vegam orumichu pravartthikkumennum avarude bharanaadhikaarikalkkidayil daaranayundu.
kala. 2. sardiniyayile rajaavinu thaan kaivashamulla vyavasthakalallaathe nishpakshamaaya bhagangal kaimaran kazhiyillennum, aaa vishayathekurichum helvetic konfedareshanumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol vienna kongrasil prathinidheekarikkunna adhikaarangalumaayi oru dhaaranayilethunnathum nilavile lekhanathil soochippicha vyavasthakalude falamaayundaakunna urappukal nalkunnathum franch chakravartthiyude mahatwatinu anuyojyamaanennum manassilaakkappedunnu.
kala. 3. parvathangalude krameekaranavum prathirodhatthinte aavasyakathayum kanakkileduthu oru mixed kammeeshan rund samsthaanangaludeyum athirthikal thulyathayillaathe nirnnayikkum.
kala. 4. alppasamayathinullil, kootticherkkal undaakunna vividha aakasmika chodyangal parisodhikkunnathinum pariharikkunnathinum onno athiladhikamo mixed commissionukal eedaakkum-sardiniayude pothu kadathinu neys sambhavana cheiyunnathinekkurichum neys neysment neysment cheiyunnathinekkurichum edukkunna theerumaanam, aalpsiloode (mondu senia) oru thurankam murikkunnathinayi aarambhicha jolikal avasaanippikkaan earppettirikkunna sardinian gavanmentumaayi undakkiya karaarukalil ninnulla baadyathakal nadappilaakkuka.
kala. 5. franch gavanment, saavoy pravishyayilo naisinte "arontisment" yilo janicha sivil, sainika kramatthile pravartthakare sambandhichidatholam, aaraan franch prajakalaakuka, sardinian gavanmentinu nalkia sevanangaliloode avar nediya avakashangal kanakkiledukkum; avarkk majistretteshanile aajeevanantha niyamanangaludeyum sainyathin urappunalkiya urappukaludeyum aanukoolyangal prathyekichum aaswadikkum.
kala. 6. yadhaarthathil sardeeniyan pourathvam nilanirthaan aagrahikkunna, aaa pravisyakalil yadhaarthathil adhivasikkunna, allengil nalla "arontisment" ulla, sardeeniyan pourathvam nilanirthaan aagrahikkunna, oru varshathe kaalayalavil aaswadikkum, amgeekaarangalude kaimaattatthil ninnum yogyathayulla adhikaarikalkk nalkia muun prakhyaapanatthinte adisthaanathil, italiyilekku avarude adhivasam neekkam cheyyaanum avide sthirathaamasamaakkaanumulla faakkaltti, eee saahacharyathil sardeeniyan pouranmaar enna nilayilulla avarude yogyathakal avarkk thudarum. fraansumaayi kootticherttha pradeshathu thangalude bhoovudama nilanirthaan avarkk swaathanthryamundaakum.
kala. 7. paarlament aavashyamaaya niyamanirmmaana anumathi nalkiyaaludan nilavile udambadi niyamamaakum.
kala. 8. nilavile udambadi amgeekarikkukayum patthu divasathe kaalathaamasathinullil allengil kazhiyumenkil neratthe thurinil amgeekaarangal kaimarukayum cheyyum.
athinte vishwaasathil athath adhikaarikalum athil oppidukayum athil mudra pathippikkukayum cheythu.
1860 leeii march maasatthile 24-aamm divasam tourinil thanippakarppaayi cheythu.
tallyrand.
benedetti.
kuzhi.
farini.
janavidhi.
ennirunnaalum, 1860 maarchil, peedmond emilia tuscany kootticherkkunna prakriyayilayirikke, nepolian moonnaaman nallathum vivekapoornavumaayathinu pakaramaayi peedmondinte itaaliyan ettedukkalukalkku anumathi nalkaan sammathichu. 1860 march 24 nuu oppuvacha tourin udambadiyile vyavasthakal prakaram france pravishyakal pidichadakki. epril 15,16 theeyathikalil neesilum epril 22,23 theeyathikalil savoyilum aazhathilulla thettaaya oru janavidhi nadannu, athil rund pradeshangalileyum nivaasikalil bahubhooripakshavum udambadi amgeekarikkaanum fraansil cheraanum vottu cheythu. 1860 juun 12 nuu france nallathum vivekapoornavumaaya karyangal aupachaarikamaayi kaivashappedutthi. ennirunnaalum, saavoy-peedmontis adhikaarikalum france thammilulla muun karar votteduppine aazhathil swaadheenichu, ithu fraansinu anukoolamaaya phalam prothsaahippikkunnathil saavoy adhikaarikale polum sajeevamakki vividha kaaranangalal, thiranjeduppu pattikayil ninnu niravadhi nikkaardukale ozhivaakki, athesamayam niravadhi franchukaare prathyekam kaimaattam cheythu, franch adhikaarikalude niyanthranatthilum franch sainikarude nagaratthilum saannidyathilaanu pravartthanangal nadannathu. swathanthramaayi votteduppu nadanna evideyum, phalangal samshayangalkk kaaranamaayilla udaaharanathinu, vividha thuramukhangalile dheeramaaya kappalukalil nilayurappichirunna naisil ninnulla 119 naavikar, swathanthramaayi vottu cheyyaan kazhiyunnavar, thaazhepparayunna reethiyil svayam prakadippichu 114 italiyil thudaraanum 5 francilake pookaanum. eee sambhavam nicard puranthallalino allengil nicard itaaliyakkaaril naalilonn italiyilekkum nicard wespersilekkum kudiyeraan kaaranamaayi.
1860 march 24-leeii udambadiyiloode, france sardinia thammil, janasamkhyayumaayi koodiyaalochichathinushesham, savoi naise fraansinu kaimaranamennum samanamaaya koodiyaalochanaykk sesham tuscany romagna sardiniyayumaayi kootticherkkanamennum sammathichu. udambadiyude nibandhanakalanusarichu athath pradeshangalude kootticherkkal neppoliyante nettathekkaal vijayi immaanuvalinu kuranja nettamundaakkiyilla. austriya prathikaaravum shakthavum bheeshaniyulla thanthraparamaaya sthaanavum; marpappa prakopithanum nirashan ayirikke, europile mathabhraanthiyude valiyoru bhagam thannodu thanne cherttha oru sainyathinte niyanthranatthil, italiyodu pooraadukayenna prathekshayilla, marichu fransumaayulla sakthamaaya sakhyathilaayirunnu. eee vasthuthayil maathram sardinian gavanment athinte pradeshatthinte ganyamaaya oru bhagam vibhajikkaanulla sannadhathayude oru vishadeekaranam kandethanam. janangal kootticherkkalinu vottu cheyyanamennu rajaavum chakravarty orupole utkandaakularaayathinu mathiyaya kaaranagal undaayirunnu.
samsthaanathinte pradeshangalil enthengilum maattam varuthenda udambadikal chamberinte sammatham labhikkunnathuvare praabalyatthil vararuthennu sardinian bharanaghadanayude anchaam article vyavastha cheythu. eee vyavastha kanakkileduthu, janakeeya vottu edukkunnathinu munbu udambadi chamberil samarppikkendathu sarkkaarinte kadamayaayirunnu, kaaranam udambadiyude adisthaanathil maathrame janangalkk vottavakaashamulloo. ennaal eee nadapadikramatthil apakadangalundaayirunnu, athu sardinian sarkkar munkootty kanditilla. kootticherkkal padhathi paarlamentil prachaaratthilundaayirunnilu, paraajayappedaan saadhyathayund. athinethire kaalathum kaalathinumappuravum shabdamuyarthaan giuseppe garibaldi madichilla; ettavum kooduthal badhikkappetta janangalude aniyanthrithamaaya agrahangal kaanikkunnathinal ettavum praadhaanyamullath, "nallavarum vivekashaalikalumaaya oro paarlamentilekkulla prathinidhikalum atharamoru mattoru shakthiyilekkulla kaimattatthinethire prathishedhikkanamenna vyakthamaaya daaranayumaayaanu thiranjedukkappettathu."parisramam anuvadicha churungiya samayathinullil, kootticherkkalinethire prathishedhikkaan pathimoovaayiram oppukal labhichu. eee asoukaryakaramaaya vasthuthakal kanakkileduthu, ekakandamo eathaandu ekakandamo aaya oru janakeeya vottu labhikkunnathuvare paarlamentinte amgeekaaram maattivaykkaan theerumaanichu. votteduppu nadathenda udambadi chamber amgeekarikkunnathuvare yadhaarthathil nilavilundaayirunnille oru anantharafalavum undaayittillenn thonnunnu; athu amgeekarikkappettathupole munnott pookaanum thudarnnu eee nadapadikramam nediya nettam athinte amgeekaaram surakshithamakkaan upayogikkaanum theerumaanichu.
athanusarichu, aagrahichathupole oru janakeeya vottu nedunnathinulla nadapadikal earppeduthi. onnamathaayi, sardinian sainyathe pinvalikkukayum avarude sthalangal franch gaarisanukalaal niraykkukayum cheythu. sainikaraaya aalukal aadyam nagaratthilekku praveshichappol avarkk bainet upayogikkaan nirbandhitharaakunna tharatthil avarkk valare mothatthil sweekarichu enna vasthuthayaan franchukaaraakaanulla nees nivaasikalude ethirppine soochippichathu. franch kootticherkkaline ethirthu samsaaricha britiish paarlamentile amgangalkku munisippal sarkkar nandi sandesham ayachu. oru franch yudhaveeran villa frankayil vannillengil, adhehathinteyum kudumbatthinteyum jeevan surakshithamaakillenn franch koonsal thante sarkkaarin kathezhuthi. eee kappal athiyathinushesham, puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya franch oorgan "ell 'avenir dii naise"-nte edittar addehathinte veettil uparodhikkappedukayum abhayam thedi villa frankayilekku pookaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu.
franch sainikar avarude sthaanam ettedukkunna samayat pothujana vikaarathinte chila soochanakalaayirunnu avaa. janangalkk eluppathil paribhraantharaakendathillenna vyakthamaayirunnu.
ennaal sarkkaarinte sramangal thudangiyitte undaayirunnulloo. franch sainyam raajyam kaivashappeduthiyathinu thottupinnaale, pravishyakalude sivil gavanmentine francilake mattunna oru utharavu prasidheekarichu. franch thaalkkaalika gavarnaraaya lubonis thante saamraajyathva yajamanante nettatthinaayi thante kaikalil sthaapicha adikaaram upayogikkaan thidukkapettu, addehathinte maathrkaye laachinal vegathil pinthudarnnu. pala meyarmaarum praadeshika adhikaarikalum franch kootticherkkal ashayathe poornnamaayum ethirthu, avarude sahakaranamillathe eee nadapadiye anukoolichu janangal vottu cheythathukondu insurance nalkaan kazhiyillennu thonni. athanusarichu, oro kesilum aavashyamullathupole poorippicha inipparayunna sarkkular purappeduvichu
community mayer----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
athu vidhikkappettirikkunnu,
1. kammyooninte ippozhathe meyaraaya monsiyarine thante chumathalakalilninnu pirichuvidunnu.
2. munisippal kaunsilar---- oru puthiya utharavu undaakunnathuvare, aaa kammyooninte bharanathin keezhil chumathalappeduthunnu.
3. melpparanjava avarude maarganirdeshathinaayi doothanmaarkku kaimar.
aneesi, epril, 1860.
chakravartthiyude eaka thaalpparyangalkkayi sivil adikaaram kaimaattam cheiyunnathinekkurichu abhipraayappettukondu franch jenalukal samriddhamaaya theekshnathayude thelivukal nalki. avaril oraal, "leeii boonn sense", abhiprayappettu
"oro kammyooninteyum thalayil franch kootticherkkalinodu poornnamaayum samarppithanaya oru mayer undaayirikkuka ennathaanu valia vottinginte vijayathin valare pradhanappetta oru kaaryam, kaaranam avanaan avesham nalkukayum thiranjeduppu pravarthanangalil adhyakshatha vahikkukayum cheyyendathu. peedmondil arppanabodhamulla allengil swis chaayvulla oru mayer atharamoru avasarathil poornnamaayum sthaanabhrashtanaakum. chamberi pravisyayil shathruthayo samshayamo ulla meyarmaare ithinakam oru valia shudheekaranam nadannittundennu naam santhoshathode manassilakkunnu. fraansile ellah aathmaartha suhruthukkalodum avarude saamudaayika bharanathe sookshumamaayi nireekshikkaan njangal aavashyappedunnu. anganeyaanengil, addeham dharichirikkunna muzhuvan adikaarangalum upayogikkaanum oro communilum vishwasthathayode sahakarikkaatha ellah mayermaarkkum pakaramaayi oro communilum pakaramakaan aneesi pravishyayile govarnor thayyarayirikkumennathil njangalkk samshayamilla."
sainika, sivil yanthrangal angane kramatthil, adhikaarikal ippol aavashyamaaya bhooripaksham nirmmikkunnathinulla kooduthal adiyanthira pravarthanatthinaayi svayam samarppichu. onnamathaayi, neysinte karyangal charcha cheiyunnathinaayi oru yogavum nadathunnathu nirodhichirikkukayaanne mathramalla, franch kootticherkkaline athirkkunnavarude bhaagathuninnu oru prachaaranavum anuvadikkillennum plecardukaloo sarkkularukalo anuvadikkillennum pothujanangale ariyichu. athesamayam, adhikaarathilulla udyogasthar avarude keezhudyogastharodum janangalodum abhyarthichukondu vividha tharatthilulla rekhakal puratthirakki. thaalkkaalika gavarnaraaya lubonis oru prakhyapanam purappeduvichu, athil inipparayunnava ettavum pradhanappetta bhagamaanu
"pouranmaare, nammude bhaaviyekkurichulla ellah anishchithathvangalum avasaanichu. march 24-leeii udambadiyiloode dheeranaaya rajaavaaya victor immaanuval fraansinte savoy, naisinte arrontisment ennivaykku keezhadangi. rashtreeya aavashyathinte ettavum sakthamaaya uddeshyangal, italiyude bhaaviyude aavasyakathakal, addehathinte sakthamaaya sakhyakakshiyodulla nandiyude vikaaram, oduvil, nammude raajyathinte asaadhaaranamaaya saahacharyangal enniva khedathode, nammude priyappetta paramaadhikaari thante raajavamshavumaayi noottaandukalaayi adutha bandhamullah pravishyakale verthirikkaan theerumaanichu. ennaal oru janathayude vidhi raajakumaaranmaarude aagrahathil maathramaayi othungunnilla. athinaal moonnaamathe nepolian chakravarty vishwasthanaaya vijayi immanuvalum eee session udambadi janakeeyamaaya anuranjanathiloode shakthippeduthanamennu aagrahichu... ellah prathipakshangalum raajyathinte thaalpparyangalkkum karthavyabodhathinum munnil shakthiyillathe veezhanam. koodaathe, vijayiyaya immaanuvalinte aagrahangalil athu marikadakkaan kazhiyaatha oru thadassam kandethum... saha pouranmaare, rajaavu ennodu vishwasippicha dauthyam thaalkkaalikavum ennaal pradhaanavumaanu. eee asaadhaaranamaaya ghattathil ente dauthyam niravettunnathinaayi, ningalude sahakaranathinteyum niyamathodulla ningalude bahumaanathinteyum ningal svayam uyarthiya uyarnna thalatthilulla naagarikathayudeyum pinthuna njaan prathekshikkunnu. athinaal, ningalude raajyam fraansumaayi veendum onnikkunnuvennu ningalude vottiloode sthireekarikkunnathinu vegam koottuka. raajaavinte uddeshyangalude prathidhwani svayam srishtikkunnathiloode, nammude sajeevamaaya anubhaavangale eppozhum prachodippicha aaa shreshtavum mahathaayathumaaya raashtrathinte pathaaka namukk uyarthaam. namukk moonnaamathe mahathaaya nepolian chakravartthiyude simhaasanathin chuttum aninirakkaam. immaanuval vijayikkanaayi naam innum samrakshichukondiriknu athe vishwasthathayode namukk athine chuttikkarangam, athu nammude raajyathin valare savisheshamaan. eee mahanaaya rajakumarane sambandhichidatholam, namukk munkaala oormmakalude aaradhana nammude idayil nilanirthaam, koodaathe addehathinte puthiyathum thilakkamarnnathumaaya vidhikkaayi aathmaarthamaaya praarthanakal nadatthaam. nammude raajyathin samriddhiyude oru puthiya yugam thurakkuka enna sakthamaaya dridanishchayamulla moonnaamathe mahanaaya nepoliyanu, nammude vazhakkamillaatha vishwasthathayum bahumaanapoornamaaya bhakthiyum ippol aarambikkum.
fraansil jeevikkuka!
nepolian III-ll jeevikkuka!
lubonisinu samanamaaya oru prakhyapanam naise mayer malausena purappeduvichu; oduvil, ellaavarkkum kireedamaniyunnathupole, bishop ore thaalpparyathode munnott vannu, sabhayile ellah vishwastha amgangalodum kootticherkkalinu vottucheyyaan abhyarthichu. vaasthavathil ithumaathramaayirunnilla athu. franch kammitti ellah udyogastharkkum sarkkar mudrayullah oru sarkkular ayakkukayum pattanatthileyum raajyathileyum ellah adikaarikalkkum pinthuna abhyarthikkukayum cheythu. kootticherkkalil ninnu labhikkuna nettangale paraamarshichu samiti eee vaakkukal upayogichu
"janangalude abhipraaya samanvayathinu saamraajyathva sarkkar prathiphalam nalkumennum avar prakadippicha nalla manobhaavathinu anusrithamaayi prathiphalam anupaathappeduthumennum njangalkk bodhyamundu. mahathaaya franch saamraajyavumaayi koottichertthathil ninnu nammude raajyathin labhikkuna ellaatharam apaaravum tharkkamillaathathumaaya nettangal ivide kanakkakkathe, nammude ellah suhruthukkalodum pathrapravartthakarodum nammetthanne abhisambodhana cheyyendathu nammude kadamayayi njangal kanakkakkunnu, pothuvaaya uddeshyathinu anukoolamaayi avarude theekshnatha uthejippikkuka mathramalla, franch thaalpparyathil vottinte vijayam urappakkaan avarude ellah swaadheenavum upayogikkaan avare earppeduthukayum cheyyuka mathramalla, ethir thaalpparyathil prathipakshathullavar sweekaricha nadapadikal shradhaapoorvvam nireekshikkukayum choondikkaanikkukayum cheyyuka, raajyathinte thaalpparyangalkk virudhamaaya swaadheenangal nirveeryamaakkaan aavashyamaaya nadapadikal kaikkollunnathin. ningalkk nanmayundo, emm. ---, ithu labhichathayi amgeekarikkaanum ningalude janangaludeyum praadeshika adhikaarikaludeyum aathmaavine njangale ariyikkaanum?"
samiti soochippicha "aavashyamaaya nadapadikal" vipulamaayi nalkiyirunnu. franch sarkkar avarude pakkal oru thuka nikshepichirunnu; ithil vottu cheiyunna divasam sarkkaarinte chelavukal ozhike kaikkooliyude nerittulla jolikkayi 3,000,000 fraankukal upayogichathayi nalla adhikaarathil prasthaavichittundu. madyashaalakalum kafekalum udyogasthar eee aavashyathinaayi prathyekamaayi sthaapikkukayum, avarude ellah aanukoolyangalum anaavashyamaayi aaswadikkaan vahikkunnavarkk arhatayullah oru trivarnna cocade allengil "athe" ennu ezhuthiya votting ticket sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
janangalude mathaparamaya theekshnathaye aakarshicha mattoru upakaranam saamraajyathva party nilavaaratthe anugrahikkuka ennathaayirunnu. franch pathaakakalude eee audyogika anugraham anjarum oru paridhivare andhavishwaasikalumaaya janangalil valia swaadheenam cheluthunnathinaayi kanakkakkappettu. amgeekaaram eee reethiyil nadannu
"emm. emm pathaakakal less kammeeshanarmaar vitharanam cheyyum. less curus anugrahikkaan adhikaaramullavarum theerchayaayum shanikkappettavarumaanu. eee maanadandangal eee saahacharyathil kammyoon, nivaasikalude thalavan, emm avatharippikkum. daivame, palliyude praveshanavelayil avare aarr sweekarikkum. avasaanamaayi, eee avasaanathe shupaarshaykk njaan nalkunna praadhaanyam ningalkk manassilakum. audyogika prakhyapanangal, prakadana pathrikakal, ariyippukal enniva kedukoodaathe sookshikkaan ningal shradhikkum. abhiniveshangalodulla ellah appeelukalum-aavashyamaaya anumathiyillathe ottikkunna eathu ariyippum-udan thanne raddak."
ethodoppam thaazhepparayunna audyogika prakadanapathrikayum prasidheekarichu
"saamraajyathva sarkkar communinu sammaanicha pathaakakalude anugrahathil vargeeya kaunsil sahaayikkumenn bonville mayer ariyikkunnu; eee mathaparamaya chadangu 22-aamm theeyathi njaayarazhcha, ezhu manikk, aaaa. emm.; "kortej" palliyilekku pookunnathinaayi hotel dii villeyil ninnu pookum. votting-aarnukalude udghaadanathinu thottumunbu nadakkunna eee chadangilekku ellah votermaareyum kshanikkunnu. raavile hotel dii ville franch pathaakakalum deseeya nirangalum kondu alankarikkum. ellah nivaasikaleyum ore niratthilulla pathaakakal kondu veedukal alankarikkaan kshanikkunnu.
"ithuvare nirasikkappettirunna kasttams" "soonn" "njangalkk nalkunnathiloode oru signal aanukoolyathiloodeyaanu saamraajyathva sarkkar athinte" "thudakkam" "nadathiyathu". athu raajyathinte samriddhi namukk urappu nalkunnu. athinte audaaryam ivide avasanikkilla. franch enchineeyarmaar eee pravishya paryavekshanam cheyyukayum nadikalude theerangal, rodukalude avastha, raajyathin ettavum upayogapradamaaya pothupravartthanangal enniva padikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. niravadhi fausigni khanikal pravartthikkum, njangalude "kolajinte" avastha mechappedum. namukk chakravarthiykku nandi prakadippikkaam. deerghakaalamaayi samyamanam paalichukondu nammude anubhaavangalkk oru swatantra gathi nalkukayum nammude pithaakkanmaareppole thanne nammal franchukaaraanennu othukkamullathum ekakandavumaaya oru vottil theliyikkukayum cheyyaam.
njangale jeevikkoo!
fraansil jeevikkuka!
votteduppu divasam aduthathode kendrakammitti inipparayunna sarkkular purappeduvichu
"sarr, nadapadikalil niyanthranangalonnum earppeduthaatha kendra annexationist kammitti ningale edavakayude prathyeka samithiyil amgamaayi thiranjedutthu. sarr, ningalude sahapravarthakarumaayi, mesrukalumaayi kacheri cheyyaanulla nanma ningalkk labikkum. ---, saadhyamaaya ettavum valia vottarmaarude ennathinu adutha njaayarazhcha votteduppilekku onnippikkukayum, "janangalude vottu athe samayam francinode chakravarthiyodum ulla vikaarangalude sradheyamaaya prakadanamaakunnathinaayi" uchithamennu thonnunna eathu nadapadikalum sweekarikkukayum cheiyunna nadapadikal."
matellaa sammarddangalkkum purame, praadeshika police adhikaarikal "proscrittukalude" pattika thayyarakkumennum vottingil ninnu vittunilkkunavar franch prajakalaayikkazhinjaal udan shikshikkappedumennum parasyamaayi prakhyaapichu. athe adhikaarikalkk neesile aasthaanathu ninnu vottu cheiyunna divasam karshakare shekharikkaanum drum adikkukayum franch pathaakakal avarude thalayil pongikkidakkukayum cheyth pattanatthilekku march cheyyaanulla utharavukal labhichu. thiranjeduppu samayat nalla nilayilaayirunna oru engleeshukaaran thaan kanda karyangal ingane vivarikkunnu
"15-aamm theeyathi raavile njaan nalla sthalathu praveshichappol ente kaazhchaykk anuyojyamaaya aadya lakshyam, graamavaasikalude oru ghoshayaathrayaayirunnu. ghoshayaathrayude thalayil oru thadicha "cure" undaayirunnu, grama syndicinum mattoru pravartthakanum oppam kaikorth; pinnil muppatho nalpatho naadan aalukal undaayirunnu, avaril chilar valare madyapichirunnu, athiraavile, pathaakakal vahikkukayum drummukal adikkukayum kramarahithamaya reethiyil moudlinil aarthuvilikkukayum cheythu. theruvukalil moornna niratthilulla kokkedukal dharichavarum thoppiyil "ouy" votting ticket vahikkunnavarumaya aalukal niranjirunnu. dhaaraalam thalicha franch sainikar janakkoottavumaayi swathanthramaayi koodichernnu, oru bataaliyan villa frankayilekku march cheythenkilum, vottine swaadheenikkaathirikkaan franch sainyathinte oru bhagam nagaram vittupoyi ennu adhikaarikalkk parayaan avasaram nalkunnathinaayi. kalasham naashanal collegil sthaapikkukayum avide njaan votting prakriya nireekshikkunnathinaayi attakuttappanikal nadathukayum cheythu. janangal thingikkoodukayum oru chillu polum illaathe vottu cheyyukayum cheythu.rajisttar cheythavarude pattikakal purathu poost cheythirunnuvenkilum aadyam vottu nalkiyathu valare vegathilaayirunnu, athinaal check cheyyaan parishodhakare praaptharakki. aou" ticket theruvukalil soujanyamaayi vitharanam cheyyappettu; aalukal konil nilkkukayum avar kwack marunnukal parasyam cheiyunnathupole ningalkk ethra "aus" nalkukayum cheythu, pakshe kadakalilum theruvukalilum njaan "noonn" vaangaan shramichu, athu vijayichilla. rund tikkattukalkk vottu cheyyaan pookunna oru buur njaan kandu. addehathinte uddeshyam anganeyaano ennu njaan addehathodu chodichappol addeham nishkalankamaayi marupadi nalki, 'enthukondu allah?'ooo,' njaan paranju, 'athu nyaayamayirikkilla; enikku orennam tharoo'-athu addeham ettavum nalla swabhaavathode oresamayam cheythu. njaan samsaaricha mattoru manushyan ennodu paranju, addeham franch aakunnathine shakthamayi athirkkunnuvennu-addehathinu rund aanmakkalundennu, oraal sainyathilum matteyaal naavikasenayilum, thaan oru pavapetta bottmaanaanennum, thaan jayilil pokillennu paranjirunnuvenkil, thaan snehichirunna rajaavu athu aagrahikkunnuvennum-englandum ellah shakthikalum athu aagrahichirunnuvennum-marichu, vottu cheiyunnathil addeham oru kuzhappathilum veezhumennum oru nanmayum cheyyillennum, kaaranam addeham svayam oru pavapetta bottmaanaanennum, thante chaayvinethire "aou" ennu vottu cheythuvennum. ennaal addeham udane paranju, 'njaan aahlaadikkukayo cocade dharikkukayo cheythitilla.'ellah parishodhanakkaarum piyatriyude (poleesinte franch ejantu) nominikalaayirunnathinaal, avar kalangalude thacol kaivasham vachirunnathinaal, theerchayaayum, svakaaryamaayi ethra 'ouy' tikkattukal avayil vaykkunnu ennathil ninnu yaathoru surakshyum undaayirunnilla."
athe sakshi pinneedu bonavilleyil ninnu ezhuthi, avide addeham votting divasam savoiyil aayirunnu
"22-aamm theeyathi raavile njaan bonavilleyil veendum ennethanne kandethi; ennaal oru maasathil thaazhe munbu njaan athu upekshichathinaal kaaryangalude kaaryatthil ganyamaaya maattam sambhavichu. oro veettilum, mikkavarum ellah veedukaludeyum janalukalilum franch pathaakakal uyarthi. munbu franch virudha party aasthaanamaayirunna hotel, njaan kammitti amgangalkkoppam bhakshanam kazhichirunna sthalam, chuvapp, vella, neela ennee ellah aadambarangalilum vanjikkappettu. francinode kadutha sathruthayulla vikarangal njaan ketta pusthaka vilppanakkaar ippol oru bheeman banner pradharshippichu; ennaal, ellaathinumupariyaayi, fraansinu vipareethamaayi, moonnaazhcha munbu swis thaalpparyaprakaaram bonavilleyil malsaricha sthaanaarthiyude veedu ippol franch pathakakalaal alankarikkappettu. ente pazhaya suhruthukkale evideyum kandethanaayilla; kammitti bashpeekarikkappettu, aduthide party vikaaram valare uyarnnathum franch virudhamaaya kootticherkkal vyaapakavum parasyamaayi prakadippikkappettathum pattanathiludaneelam athinethire oru aksharavum kelkkanaayilla. munbu roshakulanaaya oru franch virudhanaayi enikkariyaavunna oru cheria kadayudama ippol budhimuttode thante pinvashatthe kadayil ninnu kuzhichedukkukayum svayam samrakshana pravartthanamaayi fraansinu anukoolamaayi vottu cheyyukayum cheythu. 'enikku enthucheyyaan kazhiyum?'addeham paranju;' konsiyarj dii laa ville innu raavile enikku rund tikkattukal konduvannu, njaan avarkk vottu cheythillengil athu enikku kooduthal moshamaakumenna uddeshyathil ninnulla sandeshathode. ente franch pathaaka evideyaanennum addeham ennodu chodikkukayum ente swaathanthryathe vilamathikkunnundenkil kaalathamasam koodaathe athu kaanikkan upadeshikkukayum cheythu. avide pathaakayund, ivide mattoru votting ticket undu; samanamaaya onnu njaan ippol vottu cheythu, pakshe ithu njaan ningalkk avatharippikkunnu."
"oro voterch police adhikaarikalil ninnu ticket labhichuvennum enikku evide ninnu" noonn "ticket vaangaamenn njaan chodichappol addeham punchirikkukayaanennum ente vivarakkaaran ennodu paranju. 'ivide oru achadisala orennam achadikkaan sramikkilla,' addeham paranju; 'ningal avaa jeneevayil ninnu vaangendathundu.'soonn' enna vaakk chertthathu enne kauthukabharithanaakki, votting tikkattil athu ulppeduthaanulla uddeshyam njaan chodichu. aaa upakaranam samarthamaayirunnu. janangalkk vottu cheyyaan dhairyamillenn bhayann, vottukalil ninnu ozhinjumaraan thangalkk dairyamundaakumennu bhayann, atharamoru kozhs avare kootticherkkunnathu thadayillennum athuvazhi avarude vaanijya mekhalayo swittsarlandumaayulla swatantra athirthiyo nashtamaakumennum, athil avarude bhaavi abhivridhi aashrayichirikkumennum, mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, vottucheyyunnathiloode avar kootticherkkappedukayum avarude mekhala nedukayum cheyyum, vittunilkkunnathiloode avar thulyamaayi kootticherkkappedumennum ennaal nasippikkappedumennum adhikrithar manassilakki. udambadiyude thonnoottirandaam anuchedathil paranjirikkunnathupole nishpakshathayude vyavasthakal paalikkanulla chakravartthiyude aagraham eee mekhala anuvadikkaan addehathe prerippichuvennu aduthide oru franch sarkkular prasthaavichathaayi njaan manassilakkunnu. ithu aadyam oru thiranjeduppu 'dodge' aayi kandupidichu, kaikkooliyo bheeshaniyo aayi upayogichukondu athinte uddeshyam prashamsaneeyamaayi niravetti."
franchukaarude kootticherkkalinodu nallathum vivekapoornavumaaya sathrutha athine anukoolichu eathaandu ekakandamaaya oru prakhyapanamaakki mattaanulla maarggangalaayirunnu avaa. eathu saahacharyathilum samghadithamaaya thanthrangalude atharamoru kazhchayekkurichu chinthikkunnathu vedanaajanakamaaya kaaryamayirikkum. rashtreeya kaaranangalal, janangalude amgeekaarathinu ithinakam theerumaanicha oru chodyam raashtrathinte bharanadhikaari samarppichekkaavunna oru sahacharyam sangalppikkaan kazhiyum, athu janangalkk thanne adichelppikkaan saadhyathayullathallathe mattoru mosham falavumilla. ennaal vivekathinteyum nanmayudeyum kaaryatthil edapaadil oru ghadakam undaayirunnu, athu europinteyum lokathinteyum udara vikaarathe prakopippichu. vottu thikachum "swathanthramaayirikkum" enna aavarthichulla prakhyaapanangale njangal paraamarsikkunnu. udambadiyude aadya article prakhyaapichu, "janangalude ishtathinu oru thadassavumillaathe eee punarekeekaranam nadappaakkumennu avarude bharanaadhikaarikalkkidayil manassilaakkappedunnu, koodaathe sardinia rajaavinteyum franch chakravarthiyudeyum sarkkar eee ichhaashakthiyude prakadanatthe sthireekarikkunnathinum athicherunnathinumulla mikacha maargangalil ethrayum vegam sammathikkum."udambadi roopeekarichu adhikam taamasiyaathe, neysil ninnulla oru prathinidhi vijayiyaya immaanuvalinu kaathunilkkukayum," eee sessionte oru vyavasthayaayi eathenkilum baahya sammarddathil ninnu mukthamaaya oru vottu nirddeshichittundenum oru sainika adhinivesham nadannaal, allengil eathenkilum vidhathil vyavastha lamghichaal, thaan prathishedhikkumennu vaagdaanam cheythuvennum "urappu nalkukayum cheythu; veendum, thante prajakale avarude vishwasthathayil ninnu nallathum vivekapoornavumaaya reethiyil mochippicha prakhyaapanatthil addeham avarkk eee urappu nalkki" oru saahacharyathilum ningalude vidhiyile eee valia maattam ningalude mail adichelppikkilla; athu ningalude swatantra sammathathinte falamaayirikkanam. ente uracha nischayadaartyam ithaanu; franchukaarude chakravartthiyude uddeshyavum athaanu."oduvil, deputy chamberil, garibaldiyude sakthamaaya prathishedham muzhuvan edapaadinum anthyam kurikkaan saadhyathayullathayi thonniyappol, vottu thikachum swathanthramaayirikkanamenna kaundu kaavar deputymark urappu nalkiyappol maathramaan aathmavishwaasam punasthaapichathu (" "piyanaament libero" ")". ennittum, eee ettavum gauravameriya urappukalellaam kanakkileduthu, nammal enthaanu kandathu? itaaliyan sainyam neekkam cheyyukayum franch sainyam avarude sthalangalil sthaapikkukayum cheythu; franch pouranmaar niranja ellah pradhana sivil offeesukalum, allengil franch uddeshyathe pinthunaykkaan prathijnjaabadharaaya purushanmaarum; ellaayidathum chitharikkidakkunna kootticherkkaline pinthunaykkunna audyogika sarkkularukalum plakkaarukalum, athesamayam ethir vikaarathinte oru prasidheekaranavum evideyum anuvadichirunnilla; franch udyogastharude prathyeka niyanthranatthilulla baalat boxukal; kootticherkkaline anukoolichu police ellaayidathum vitharanam cheytha balattukal, kootticherkkaline ethirkkunna balattukal jineevaykku ayaykkunnathiloode maathrame vaangaan kazhiyoo; purohithanmaar chakravarty avatharippicha pathaakakale anugrahikkukayum fraansinaayi avarude janangalude manassaakshiyodu abhyarthikkukayum cheythu; panavum athupole thanne saamraajyathva ejantumaar nalkia pothu jeevithavum madyapaanavum; oduvil, franch sangeetha shabdavum franch baanarukalum parathunnathumaayi aalukal baalat boxilekkum mayer mayerkkum avarude kaikalil kaikondu "koottatthode" march cheythu. amgeekaaravum sahayavum upayogichu abhimaanikkunna "swatantra vottu" aayirunnu athu, athinte sahaayathode nallathum vivekapoornavumaayava fraansumaayi kootticherkkappettu.

