
milena hubsshmanova

chaals yooniversitti oof praagile romani padanatthinte check professoraayirunnu milena hubsshmanova (1933-2005). roman samoohatheyum samskaaratheyum roman bashayeyum kurichulla pramukha vidagtharil oraalaayirunnu avar. avar chaals sarvakalashaalayil romayekkurichulla academic patana paripadi sthaapikkukayum avaye mahathaaya samskaarathilekku swaamsheekarikkunnathine sajeevamaayi ethirkkukayum cheythu. avar oru romani-check, check-romani nighandu ezhuthukayum romayude niravadhi kathakal shekharikkukayum avaa bhaavithalamuraykk vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. avar sthaapicha prograam romani padanatthil birudadhaarikalkku oru digri prograam vaagdaanam cheiyunna lokamembaadumulla aadyathe prograamaayirunnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1933 juulai 10 nuu checoslovakiayile praagilaan milena hubsmanova janichathu. avalude kuttikkaalathu, avalude maathaapithaakkal randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu gestappoyude thadavilaayirunnu. aval "echu" yill pankedutthu. 1951ll birudam nediya phaasta engleesh jimneshyam chaals sarvakalashaalayil bhasha patanam thudarnnu. kuttikkalam muthal thanne avarkk indiayude samskaarathil thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, haiskool varshangalil checoslovac akkadami oof sayansasinte ooriyantal instittyoottil hindi klaasukal eduthu. yooniversitti philology vibhaagathil praveshichappol, hubsshmanova bangali, hindi, urudu bhashakal padichukondu indic bhashakalil shradha kendreekarichu. 1953ll communist sarkkar republicile moravian-saileshyan mekhalayile austraavayil oru working brigadil pankedukkaan avare ayachappol, hubsshmanova aadyamaayi roma samoohangale nerittu. avarude bhasha manassilakkiyathil aval athbhuthappettu, athinu soochakamaaya verukal undaayirikkanamennu aval thiricharinju. communist bharanakoodam earppeduthiya niyanthranangal kaaranam indiayilekku pookaan kazhiyaathathinal, hubsshmanova roman bhaashayude padanatthilekku shradha kendreekarichu. akkaalat, check pradeshangalile romaye bhooripaksha samskaarathilekku swaamsheekarikkaan nirbandhitharaakkaan sakthamaaya oru preranayundaayirunnu, ithu niravadhi samudaayangale eee mekhalayil ninnu palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhitharaakkukayum slovakyayilekku pookukayum cheythu. avarude vamseeyatha, bhasha, samskaaram allengil paarambaryathekkurichu valare kurachu arivu maathrame undaayirunnulloo. praagilekku madangukayum 1956 ll chaals sarvakalashaalayil ninnu birudam nedukayum cheiyunnathinumumbu, habsshmanova romakkaarkkidayil ekadesham oru varshatholam jolie cheythu.
currier.
athe varsham thanne, oru naadakeeyavum saahityaparavumaaya edittaraayi hubsshmanova check radioyil pravartthikkaan thudangi, ithu feeld trippukal nadatthaanum roma samoohangalude naadodikkadhakal, yakshikkadhakal, naadodikkadhakal enniva record cheyyaanum avare anuvadichu. tholil thoongikkidakkunna oru bagil sookshichirunna bhaarameriyathum kaalaharanappettathumaya tape recorder upayogichu aayudhadhaariyaaya hubsshmanova graamapradesangalil alanjuthiriyukayum 500 ladhikam tapeukal shekharichukondu valare valia vasthukkalude shekharam record cheyyukayum cheythu. mirza galib ulppede niravadhi pradhana kavikal vivarthanam cheythukondu avar indiayekkurichulla thante pravartthanangal thudarnnu, 1959 ll hubsshmanova indiayilekkulla thante aadya gaveshana yaatra nadatthi. eee kaalayalavil avar radio director joseph melkkine vivaham kazhichu. praaguvilekku madangiyethiya avar ekadesham oru pathittaandolam indian kavikal vivarthanam cheyyukayum 1963-ll makal terresaykku janmam nalkukayum cheythu. 1967-ll avar ooriyantal instittyoottil jolie cheyth roman janathayekkurichulla padanatthinulla thayyaareduppukal aarambhichu, ithu praaguvile vasanthakaalathe ayav kaaranam saadhyamaayirunnu. aaa kaalayalavil jipsy-roma union sthaapikkaan avar sahayikkukayum oru roman bhasha jenal edittu cheyyukayum cheythu. vidyaarthikalkku chekkil yogyatha nedunnathuvare praadhamika bhashayaayi roman bhasha upayogichu aadyakaala school vidyaabhyaasam punarujjeevippikkaan union vazhi hubsshmanova sahayichu. ennaal 1968 augustode sambhavangal maarukayum avarude pravartthanangal nirthukayum cheythathode roman settilmentile rakusi pattanathinaduthulla oru nazhsari schoolil habsmanova jolie ettedukkaan idayaakki. 1969ll avar padanathinaayi indiayilekku madangi.
checoslovakiayilekku madangiyethiya sesham, 1974 vare hubesshmanova philosophy aandu soshyolaji vakuppile checoslovac akkadami oof sciencesil jolie cheythu. romayekkurichulla ethnographic, bhashaaparamaaya patanam mathramalla, samoohathinte janasamkhyaaparavum charitraparavum saamoohikavumaaya profileukal ulppeduthunnathinaayi oru multy-disciplinary teaminoppam pravarthichu academyil thante vishakalanavum vivarangal shekharikkalum thudarnnu. oru bhaashaashaasthranjanenna nilayil, mattu romakkaarumaayi samsaarikkumbol roman bhaashaabhaashakalude thudarchayaaya upayogam nilaninnirunnuvenkilum, dainamdina jeevithathile edapedalukalil check, hangarian, slovac enniva samsarikkaan samudaayangal nirbandhitharaayathinaal romayude bhasha nashtappedunnuvennu hubsmanova aashankaakulanaayirunnu. checoslovakiayil ithuvare prasidheekaricha roman bhaashayile aadyathe saahityam eee samgham prasidheekaricha kruthikalil ulppedunnu. 1973-ll mattoru sarkkar adichamarthal unione avarude jenalinte prasidheekaranam pirichuvidaanum thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivaykkaanum nirbandhitharaakki; ennirunnaalum, chila ezhuthukaar avarude roman saamskaarika record prasidheekarikkaan prachodanam ulkkond mattu vedikalilum prasidheekarikkunnathu thudarnnu. 1974 num 1975 num idayil, habsshmanova pedagogical faakkalttiyile chaals sarvakalashaalayil jolie cheythu, ennaal romayodulla sarkkar swaamsheekarana nayangalodulla avarude ethirppu avare pirichuvidunnathilekku nayichu. 1976num 1982num idayil avarkk sthiramaaya oru joliyum undaayirunnilla, hindy romaniyum padippikkunna prague school oof languagesil aavashyamaaya adisthaanathil avar pravarthichu. 1982ll sthiramaayi avale school niyamichu, 1991 vare avar avarodoppam thudarnnu. akkaalat, roman bhashayil padippikkunna klaasukalaaya hubsshmanova maathramaan avarude maathrubhaashayil romaykk nalkunna aupachaarika kozhs varkk. thangalude pravarthanatthinidayil romayumayulla ashayavinimayam sugamamakkunnathinaayi roma ithara saamoohika pravartthakarum kozhsukalil pankedutthu. 1989-ll, velvett viplavavum kammyoonisathinte pathanavum moolam, roma samskaaram veendum thazhachuvalaraan anuvadikkukayum roman paithrikam samrakshikkunnathinulla vakthaavum roma samoohangalkku prolsaahajanakamaaya shabdavumaayirunnu hubsmanova.
1991ll, hubsshmanova chaals sarvakalaashaalayilekk madangukayum indological instittyoottinte bhaagamaayi roman stadees prograam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. aadyamaayaanu eee mekhala praagil academic shradha aakarshikkunnath, koodaathe romil biruda birudam nalkunna lokathile aadyathe prograam. hubsshmanova thante maranam vare departmentinte adhyakshayaayi pravartthikkukayum 1991 num 1997 num idayil urdu padippikkukayum cheythu. 1968 ll thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivacha kruthiyilekku madangiyethiya hubsshmanova 1991 ll haana sebkova, anna sigova ennivayumaayi aadyathe roman-check/check-romani pokkatt nighandu prasidheekarichu. "romsco-sesky, sesco-romsky capsini slovnik" enna nighandu oru staanderd kruthiyaayi niroopaka prashamsa pidichupattukayum check, hangarian, slovakian bhaashaabhedangal ulppede vividha roman samoohangaliludaneelam staanderd vaakyangaludeyum padangaludeyum samyojanathinu prashamsikkappedukayum cheythu. 1970 kalude thudakkathil ninnulla mattu pradhana kruthikal puthiya printingukal kandethi, udaaharanathinu 1993 lum 1995 lum palaki yooniversitti, olomoc prasidheekaricha "saaj pess dovekarasa museme seey domluvitt" (namukk ashayavinimayam nadatthaam); 1973 lum 1974 lum praadeshikamaayi achadichathum ennaal 1999 ll fortoona veendum prasidheekarichathumaaya "saclaudy romstini" (romani adisthaanangal), "romske pohadki" (romani yakshikkadhakal). 1994 ll habsshmanova "romano dsaniben" (romani padanangal) enna jenal sthaapichu, ithu romani scholarshippinte oru pradhana anthaaraashtra prasidheekaranamaayi maari.
roma samudaayangalile vyakthigatha amgangalkku neethi thedaan oru prakriya vikasippikkunnathin manushyavakaasha acting kammeeshanaraaya petruhlumaayi habsshmanova pravarthichu. roman vasthukkalkkaayi aarkkaivukal sthaapikkunnathinaayi avar bronoyileyum viyannayileyum myoosiyangalumaayi pravarthichu. 1995-ll, hubsshmanova thante doctoral jolie poortthiyaakkukayum "romistikke stadi aii" (romani stadees 1) enna prabandhathode "candidarus sayantaram" birudam nedukayum cheythu. 1996 muthal, paarees descartus sarvakalaashaalayude "sentar dess ttudes siganus", braattislaavayile stettu pedagogical instittyoott ennividangalile bhaashaashaasthranjarude oru kansorshyavumaayi chernnu paatyapadhathi vikasippikkunnathinum romani bhashayum saamskaarika padanangalum padippikkaan adhyaapakarkk pariseelanam nalkunnathinum avar pravarthichu. roma samoohangalkkaayi vidyaabhyaasavum saamskaarika samrakshana paripaadikalum prolsaahippikkunnathi shramangalude peril 1998 ll roma sivik samrambhathil ninnu hubshmanovaykku rund saamskaarika avaardukal labhichu. thante prasidheekarana sramangal thudarnnukondu, "romano daniben" enna prasidheekaranathil prasidheekaricha 400 oolam lekhanangal edittu cheiyunnathinu purame, 90 ladhikam prasidheekaranangal rachicha, saha-rachayithaav allengil edittu cheytha, avar cheef edittaraayi sevanamanushtichu.
1999-ll, hubshmanova "eiii falls doonn mye life aas eiii jipsy vuman inn slovakia" enna peril oru pradhana kruthi prasidheekarichu. 1920 muthal 1970 vareyulla kaalaghattatthe ulkkollunna elona lasova aathmakadhayaanu eee pusthakam, ithu ettu varshathe romanian kaalaghattatthil hubshmanovayodu parayapettu. avar pinneedu katha chekkilekkum pinneedu franchilekkum engleeshilekkum vivarthanam cheythu. eee pusthakam, oru stereotypical imageric pinnil roma vamshajarude yadhaartha vyakthithvam engane marachuvekkappettu ennathinekkurichulla katha vivarikkunnu. athesamayam, ithu oru aadya vyakthiyude vivaranamaayi parayappedunnathinaal, kathaparachilukaarante manushyathvam punasthaapikkunnu. romaye "punarvidyaabhyaasam" cheyyaanum avare swaamsheekarikkaanum sarkkar nadathunna shramangale abhisambodhana cheythukondu, soshyalist bharanathin keezhil roma anubhavicha ghettoyiseshan pusthakam paryavekshanam cheiyunnu. roman samooham abhimukeekarikkunna prashnangalekkurichu oru aantharika kaazhchappaad nalkikkond shaasthranjarkku kazhiyilla enna adithara ulkkollunnathinaal eee kruthi oru pradhana grandhamaayi maari. pinneedu ithu bulgarian, hangarian, spanish bhashakalil prasidheekarikkappedukayum 2001ll speyinil ninnu anthaaraashtra maanushika hidalgo sammanam nedukayum cheythu. 2000-ll "romistikku stadi II" (roman stadees 2) enna prabandhatthiloode haabilitteshan birudam nediya hubsshmanova athe varsham thanne praagil nadanna anthaaraashtra roman yooniyante anchaam anthaaraashtra kongrasil oru phalakam nalki aadarikkappettu. 2002-ll check president vaclav havell avarkk moonnaam birudatthile medil oof merrit nalki, adutha varsham vidyaabhyaasa, yuvajana, shaareerika pariseelana mantraalayam avarkk onnaam birudatthile medil oof merrit nalki.
maranavum paarambaryavum.
2005 septambar 8 nuu dakshinaafrikkayile gautteng pravishyayile commieldrift pattanatthinu sameepam nadanna oru vaahanaapakadathil hubsshmanova marichu. avarude maranashesham varsham, roman bhaashaashaasthrathekkurich ezhaamathe anthaaraashtra sammelanam avarude smaranaykkaayi samarppichu. avarude apratheekshitha maranam oru abhibhaashakaneyum avarude saamskaarika paithrikam samrakshikkunnathinaayi thante currier samarppicha oraaleyum nashtappetta roman samoohathinu vyaapakamaayi anubhavapettu. 2007ll "milena hubsshmanova veey vspominkaachu" (smaarakathile milena hubsmanova) enna peril oru pusthakam prasidheekarichu, ithu hubsmanovayude jeevithatheyum kariyarineyum kurichulla jeevacharitraparamaaya vishadaamshangal nalkunnu. avalude sahodarangalum suhruthukkalum sahapravarthakarum pole lokamembaadumulla romanikalum athinte srishtiyil sambhavana nalki.