hivassi dweep

jolis dweep, benham dweep ennum ariyappedunna hivasi dweep, tennessiyile maigs kaundiyil tennessi, hivasi nadikalude samgamasthaanathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. ithu chattanoogayude vadakkukizhakkan bhagathaanu. 1940ll tennisi nadeethada authority tennisi nadiyile anakkett samvidaanathinte bhaagamaayi chikkaamouga thadaakam srishtikkunnathinu munbu 781 ekkar visthruthiyulla tennisi nadiyile randaamathe valia bhoopradeshamaayirunnu eee dweep. dveepinte bhooribhaagavum ippol vellathinadiyilaayi, jalarekhaykku 400 ekkar mukalil avasheshikkunnu.
purathana, vanaa kaalaghattangal muthale eee dveepil janavasamundaayirunnu. pathinonnam noottaandil aarambhicha oru mississippiyan saamskaarika graamatthil hivasi dveepileyum dallasileyum aalukal thaamasichirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandil ekadesham 300 aalukalulla oru cheroki gramamaayirunnu ithu. cheef joonn joliyaanu graamathe nayichathu, saam hoosttan moonnu varsham avide thaamasichu.
canada vaathakale aakarshikkunnathinayi tennessi samsthaanam aduthulla cholam valarthiyappol avaa 20,000 sandhill kreyinukale aakarshichu. ippol aayirathil thaazhe kreyinukalum avarude seasonal trekkukalil nirthunna noorukanakkinu pelikkaanukalum undu.
thaddesheeya amerikkakkar.
dveepumaayi bandhamullah pathinezh thaddesheeya american gothrangalundu. charithraatheethakaalakhattangal ninnu charithrakaalakhattangalil vare idaykkide eee dveepil janavasamundaayirunnu. chikkaamouga reservoir thadatthile niravadhi thaddesheeya american kunnin nirmmaana saittukalil onnaanith. onpathaam noottaandilum pathinonnam noottaandilum eee pradeshathu kunnukal nirmmikkaan thudangi. oru ghattathil, orupakshe vanapradeshangalude avasaanakhattatthil thanne, graamathe chuttipattiyulla oru shekharam undaayirunnu. thudakkathil, pradeshavaasikal vettayaadukayum bhakshanam shekharikkukayum cheythu. avar cholam valarthunnathiloode karshakaraayi maari, ithu dveepinte janasamkhyayude valarchaykku kaaranamaayi. thudakkathil, nirmmicha manpathrangal chunnaambukallukal upayogichaanu nirmmichirunnathenkilum pinneedu nagaratthile mikkavarum ellah manpaathrangalum shellukal upayogichaanu nirmmichathu. vadakkan jorjiaykku samanamaaya hivassi dweep sankeernamaaya staambu manpathrangal cherokkiyaanu dveepil nirmmichathu.
cheroki graamam.
neratheyulla othutheerppu.
cheroki oru vanasamskaaramaayi (bisi 1000-edii 1000) aarambhichuvennum mississippiyan samskaarathinte chila swabhaavasavisheshathakal (sii. eiii.) swaamsheekarichathinu sesham oru pothuvaaya thekkukizhakkan paatten sweekarichuvennum abhipraayappedunnu. 800 CE muthal 1600 CE vare). pathinezhaam noottaandil vellakkarumaayulla susthiramaaya edapedalukal aarambhichu.
pathinezhaam noottaand vare vadakku, thekk karolinayile malambradeshangalil kendreekarichirunna cheroki, vellakkaar eee pradeshathu sthirathaamasamaakkiya samayatho athinusheshamo tenesiyaayi vikasichu. cheroki yooropyanmaarude chila saamskaarika swabhaavasavisheshathakal swaamsheekarichu.
1650 nuu sesham, europian vamshajaraaya aalukalude kudiyettam cherokiyude jeevithathe baadhichu. rogangalum yudhangalum kaaranam avarude janasamkhya kuranju. cheroki vilakalkkum mechilppurangalkkumaayi krishiyogyamaaya bhoomiyilekku aakarshikkappettathinal chila gramangal upekshikkappettu. thozhil aavasyamulla kunnukalum taunn houseukalum kuravaayirunnu. poonthotta upakaranangal, peyint, vasthrangal, muthukal, aabharanangal, rumm thudangiya nirmmitha vasthukkalkkaayi cherokimar maankal vyapaaram nadathiyirunnu. charmmathinaayi maanukale vettayaadunnathu eluppamaakkunna aayudangalkkum avar vyapaaram nadatthi. 1700-kalude thudakkathil, thekkan karolinayile chaalstanil ninnu ekadesham 50,000 tholikal kayattumathi cheythu. yudhathil aayirikkumbol aayudangal avare kooduthal vijayakaramaya poraalikalaayi maatti.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum, shell gorgett shailikalum shmashana kuzhikalum hivasi dveepil nirmikkappettu. kunnin nirmmaanatthil kallukal upayogikkukayum aachaaraparamaaya aavasyangalkkaayi erthu lodgeukal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. marichavare arakalulla shavakudeerangalil samskarichu. shell gorgettukal alankarikkaan avar raattilsnekku roopangal upayogichu.
avasaanathe settilment.
pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal pathonpathaam noottaand vareyulla cherokiyude oru cheria koottamaayirunnu dveepil thaamasicha avasana thaddeshiyar. cheroki nayichathu cheef joonn joliyaanu (oolootteeski ennum ariyappedunnu). 1809ll saam hoosttan cherokkiykkoppam jeevikkaan vannu. pinneedu addeham joliyude anantharavalaaya diana rogezhs gentry vivaham kazhichu.
avar cholam krishi cheyyukayum anglo-europeanmaarude reethikal swaamsheekarikkukayum cheythu, athaayath oru bharanaghadanayum udambadiyum sthaapikkuka, koodaathe "phoenix" enna pathram achadikkuka.
charithraatheethakaalatthinte avasaanathilum (1550 nuu munbu) aadyakaala charitra kaalaghattangalilum (1550 muthal) kooduthal svayambharana grama-aachara-kendra grouppukalulla oru ayanja saamoohika-rashtreeya "gotra raashtram" cheroki vikasippichirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil moonnu cheroki charitraparamaaya jillakal undaayirunnu. 1) hivassi dweep ulppedeyulla ridge thaazhvarayum allengil mukalile kunnin pattanavum, 2) peedmond allengil lover cheroki, 3) blue ridge allengil middle cheroki jillakal. thekkukizhakkan tennessi, vadakkupadinjaaran jorjia, vadakkukizhakkan alabama ennividangalile ridge, thaazhvara pradesangalilaanu malayora pattanangal sthithicheythirunnathu. eee jillakalil oronninum vyathyasthamaaya bhaashaabhedangal undaayirunnu. malayora jillakalile tenessiyil padinjaaran allengil "ottaali" bhasha samsaarichirunnu.
jorjia peedmond mekhalayil neenda charithramulla cherokiyude pothuvaaya bhauthika paarambaryamaaya haivaassiyude sankeernamaaya staambu cheytha manpathrangal soochippikkunnathu "cheroki samskaaram thekkan appalechiyan mekhalayile deerghavum thudarchayaayathum bahumukhavumaaya vikasanathinte anthima uthppannamaayirunnu" ennaanu."mississippiyan samskaarathile thekkan appalechiyan manpathrangalil onnaanith, ithu jorjiyayile ettova indian kunnin samskaarathile ettova sankeernamaaya staambu cheytha manpaathrangalumaayi valare saamyamullathaan. oreyoru vyathyasam, hivasi dveepil ninnulla manpathrangal manalo gritto pakaram minusamaarnnathum idatharavumaaya graundu shell upayogichaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu ennathaanu. ariyappedunna paathrangalil vrithaakrithiyilulla aditharakalulla paathrangalum golaakrithiyilulla jaarukalum ulppedunnu. manpaathrangalkk nilathuninnulla shell upayogikkunnathum athupole thanne playin uparithala finishinte samriddhiyum malayora pattanangalile manpaathrangale thaazhnna (peedmond), madhya cheroki (blue ridge parvatham) jillakalil ninnu verthirikkunnu. charitraparamaaya moonnu cheroki jillakalum sankeernamaaya stamping manpathrangal nirmmichu.
jeey. thirike nalkuka. shree. 1801 muthal 1823 vare cherokiyude indian ejantaayirunnu addeham. ippol chattanooga enna nilayil budhiparamaaya dauthyam sthaapikkunnathu polulla vidyaabhyaasathe addeham prothsaahippichu. thangalude bhoomiyile velutha kaiyettatthil niraasharaakunnathuvare cherokkikal addehathe bahumaanichu. velutha amerikkakkaarude padinjaarottulla vipuleekaranathinte falamaayi, 1818-ll gothram dweep vittu. 1819-leeii kaalhoun udambadi eee bhoomi americaykku kaimari. muun graamatthinte avashishtangalil bhooribhaagavum nilatthinu rund adii thaazheyaan.
cheroki neekkam cheiyunna smaaraka paarkk.
saam hoosttanum tennessi, arkansas, oklahoma ennividangalil thaamasichirunna thaddesheeya amerikkakkarum thammilulla bandhathe aadarikkunnathinaayi hissie dveepinu abhimukhamaayi cheroki removal memorial paarkk sthaapichu. dettan, tennessi, tennessi, hivasi nadikalude samgamasthaanathinaduthaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
aruvikalum yoochiyum.
thomas emm ezhuthiya "hivasi dweep".enn. 1450 aayappozhekkum kizhakkan tennessiyil aruvikalum 1540 aayappozhekkum aruvikalum yoochiyum undaayirunnuvennum 1700 muthal 1715 vare eee aruvikalum eee pradeshathu thudarnnuvennum louis madeline neiberg avakaashappedunnu.
mississippiyan graamam.
madhya mississippiyan samskaarathinte kaalaghattatthile dveepile praadhamika vaasakaalakhattangalaanu hivasi dveep dallas samskaarangalum. dveepil martin phaam (900 muthal 1100 vare), mouse creak (1400-kalil aarambhicha) ennee rund adhika ennaal sthireekarikkappedaatha vaasasthalangal dallas ghattavumayi ovarlaappu cheythirikkaam.
hivassi dweep samskaaram.
pathinonnam noottaandil aarambhicha hissie samskaarathilulla aalukal dveepil thaamasichirunnu. hivassi dweep ghattatthile janangal (sii. eiii. irvin focus ennum ariyappedunna 1100-1300) oru aadyakaala madhya mississippiyan samskaaramaayirunnu. 
dveepinte vadakke attathu, mississippiyan kaalaghattatthile naalu ekkar visthruthiyulla oru paliced graamam undaayirunnu. athinte adithattil 23 adii uyaravum 148 adii vyaasavumulla oru valia plaattphom kunnin keezhil kandethiya oru central plassa niravadhi veedukalum undaayirunnu.
panthrandaam noottaandode valia plaattphom kunnukal nirmmikkaan thudangi. pradhana kettidangalude substructurukalaayirunnu plaattphomukal. kunninpuratthu onniladhikam kettidangalulla onniladhikam kodumudikalundaayirunnu. 30 chathuraakrithiyilulla kettidangalulla, kooduthalum mathilukal kondo cheria thuruvangal kondo nirmmicha, hissie dweep samskaaram anusarichu naalu gattangalilulla vaasasthalangalaayirunnu avide undaayirunnathu. eee kaalaghattatthile manpathrangalil hivasi dweep redu philim cheythathum hivasi dweep redu-oonn-buff tharangalum ulppedunnu. kizhakkan yunaittad stetsil chuvapp niratthil varacha manpaathrangalude apoorva udaaharanamaanithu.
eee kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil kooduthal haivasi chuvanna manpathrangal nirmikkappettu. marichavare konaakrithiyilulla kunninkoottangalil idunnathinupakaram plaattphom kunninkoottangalil kuzhichumoodukayaayirunnu. monolithic aaksukal polulla upakaranangalum kothupanikalulla shell gorgettukal, sirovasthrangal, chembu aabharanangal thudangiya aabharanangalum srishtikkaan kooduthal sankeernamaaya saankethikavidya upayogichu. "thekkukizhakkan aachaaraparamaaya samuchayam kaanuka"
dallah samskaaram.
oru avasana madhya mississippiyan samskaaram, dallas ghattatthile aalukal (sii. eiii. 1300-1600) creak indiakkaaraanennu vishwasikkappedunnu. chikkaamouga reservoir thadatthinullile mattoru puraavastu sthalamaaya dallas saittinte perilaanu eee ghattam ariyappedunnathu. dallas ghattatthinte avasana bhaagath oru samgham tennessi nadiyilekku neengiyappol graamatthile janasamkhya vardhichathaayi levis neiberg parayunnu.
naalu melkkoora mathil-trench praveshana kavaadangalum ulla, otta posttulla chumar nirmmaanam kondu nirmmicha chathuraakrithiyilulla kettidangal nirmmicha dallas samskaaram naalu ghattangalilayi vaasasthalangal nirmmichirunnu. pinneedu dallas ghattathil, kodumudikalude mukalilulla kettidangal maathrame kuzhikalaayi cheria posttukal sthaapichittulloo. kettidangalkk ippol valia posttukal pinthuna nalkiyirunnu.
eee ghattathil, oru kodumudi hivasi dweep ghattatthinte plaattphom kunninte sthaanathu ethi. aalukal marikkumbol avarude mrithadehangal veedukalilo parisaratho kunnin mukaliloo sthaapichu. nootti enpathiyettu pere dallas kalchar hausukalkku sameepam chathuraakrithiyilulla kuzhikalil kuzhichumoodiyittundu. kallum asthikalum kondulla upakaranangal, manpathrangal, shell muthukal, kappukal, gorgettukal enniva avaykkoppam kuzhichittirunnu. gorgettukal roopakalppana cheythath vividha paattenukalodeyaanu.
shell-tempered, charadu pothinja manpaathrangalude kooduthal ulppaadanathiloode dallas samskaaram hivasi dweep samskaarathil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu. jaarukalil lugg haandilukalum straappukalum chertthu. avar puthumukhangal, kothupanikal, murikkal enniva polulla puthiya roopakalppanakal upayogichu alankarichathum maathrkayaakkiyathumaaya manpathrangal nirmmichu.
13 muthal 14-aamm noottaand vare chikkaamouga thadatthile vaasasthalangalude ennam kurayukayum vaasasthalangalkku valia kunnukal undaakukayum cheytha kaalaghattam polulla dveepil janavasam undaayirunnillenn thonnunna kaalaghattam undaayirunnu, ithu cheria koottam aalukalude ekeekaranathe soochippikkunnu. chattanoogaykkum noxvilleykkum idayil tennessi nadiyil mattu dallas ghatta vaasasthalangal undaayirunnu. chikkaamouga reservoir thadatthinullile mattu saittukalil davis, hixon, seyil creak sittukal enniva ulppedunnu.
puraathanavum vanapradeshangalum.
purathana kaalaghattatthile (bii. 377 muthal 1348 vare) aalukalaanu dveepil thaamasicha aadyakaala janangal.sii.) athinusesham, vanamekhalayile janangal ivide adhivasichirunnu. whats baar focus (pinneedu candy kreekkil parishkaricha roopathil kandethi) pinthudarnnu madhya thaazhvarayude vashathe (adenaykkum kopenaykkum samaanamaayi) haamilttan fokkasinte kunnin nirmmathaakkal. haamilttan focus oru vaikia vanaa samskaaramaanu. eee samgham chunnaambukallu kondu sheetheekaricha manpaathra kalimannu upayogichu avasaanathe vanapradesamaaya haamilttan charadukalum samathala tharangalum upayogichu manpathrangal nirmmichu. 173 mrithadehangalulla anchu shmashana kunnukalum nadhi-massal shellukalude saannidhyavum vanakaalathinte avasaanathe vaasasthalangalkku kaaranamaakunnu. vanamekhalayude avasaanam muthal mississippiyan kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil ekadesham 1200 vare konaakrithiyilulla shmashana kunnukal upayogichirunnu.
khananam.
khananam 1937num idayil varks proogras administration (dablyu. pii. eiii) aanu hivasi dweep khananam cheythath. tennessi nadiyil tennessi vaali authority (tii. vii. eiii) jalasambharanikalude nirmmaanathinu munbu eee sthalam oru pradhana puraavastu sthalamaano ennu nirnnayikkuka ennathaayirunnu lakshyam.
madeline neiberg, thomas emm.enn. levis, tennessi sarvakalaashaalayile puraavastu gaveshakar khananathinu melnottam vahichu. dablyu. yude aprenteesaayittaanu levis patanam aarambhichath. sii. milwaki public myoosiyathile mekkarn. madeline dii. bhauthika naravamshashaasthranjanaaya neiberg, tennessi noxville sarvakalaashaalayile pradhana laborattariyile soopparvaisaraayirunnu. akkaalat, puraavastu gaveshakanaaya phay-kooppar kolinte chikkago sarvakalaashaalayile vidyaarthiniyumaayirunnu avar. khananathinte sangraham "mississippiyan padanangalile supradhana prasidheekaranathil" ulppeduthiyittundu. 1990 kalude avasaanathil dveepil oru feeld school nadathukayum lyne pii adhika saamskaarika karakaushala vasthukkal kandethukayum cheythu. tennisi-noxville sarvakalaashaalayile mcclung museum oof naachural histtari aandu kalcharile research professor curettarumaanu sullivan.
2016ll, tii. vii. eiii nadatthiya oru geophysical sarway mississippiyan graamatthil ninnu ezhu palisade savisheshathakal vare thiricharinju. charitraparamaaya sthalangalude deseeya rajisttaril pattikappeduthaan saitt yogyamaanennu nirnnayikkaan ithil ninnum mattu padanangalil ninnumulla daatta upayogichu. 2017ll sarway kandethalukal saadhookarikkunnathinum puraavastu kandethalukal kaarban dettilekku mattunnathinum tii. vii. eiii. thirichetthi. chikkasa neshan, cheroki indiakkaarude kizhakkan baand, oklahomayile mascoggie (creak) neshan, oklahomayile sack aandu phoox neshan, cheroki indiakkaarude yunaittad keettova baand enningane anchu thaddesheeya american gothrangal padanangalil pankedutthu. 1940ll thiva padhathi poornnamaayum mungiyittillaatha apoorva charitraparamaaya sthalamaanithu.
puraavastu saittinte peru hivasi dweep saitt (127 mii. jii. 31) ennaanu. eee sthalathinullil, manninte kunnukalundu (athilonnu 37 milligram 31 aanu). manalkkunnukalkkullil mannu kondu moodappetta nirmmithikalundaayirunnu, athilonnu 34 adii neelavum 30 adii neelavumulla chathuraakrithiyilulla kettidamaayirunnu. ekadesham 350 muthal 75 adii vare uyaramulla dveepil oru trench shailiyilulla jala savisheshatha kandethi. tennessi-noxville sarvakalaashaalayile prakrithicharithrathinteyum samskaarathinteyum mcclung myoosiyathilaan karakaushala vasthukkal sookshichirikkunnathu.
tennessi vaali authority.
1940ll tennessi nadiyile chikkaamouga anakkett poortthiyaayi. thathfalamaayi dveepinte pakuthiyolam vellathinadiyilaayi. tennessi vaali athorittiyude (tii. vii. eiii) neethrthwathil yunaittad stetts gavanmentinte udamasthathayilullathaanu eee dweep.
hivassi vanyajeevi sanketham.
tennessi vanyajeevi vibhava ejansi vanyajeevikalude paripaalanathinaayi oru eluppamaakkuka earppeduthiyittundu. chirakil karutha agrangalulla valare uyaramulla velutha pakshikalaaya sandhill kreyinukalude sankethamaanithu.
kaanadayile vaathakale vettayaadunnathinaayi aakarshikkunnathinayi dveepinodu chernnulla hivasi vanyajeevi sankethathil tennessi samsthaanam cholam nattupidippichu. oro shaithyakaalathum avaa 20,000 sandhill kreyinukale aakarshikkunnu. avar cholam nadunnathu nirtthi, shaithyakaalath thekkott parakkunnathinaal 5,000 kreyinukal vare eee dveepil nirtthunnu. vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna pakshikal chila thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarkk pavitramaanu. ippol aayirathil thaazhe pakshikal maathrame dveepil kaanappedunnulloo.
valia velutha pelicans palappozhum manjakkallinte desheeyodyaanathilekkalu avarude vasanthakala yaathrakalilum gulf theerathekkulla avarude thekkan yaathrakalilum nirthiyittundu. choodulla shaithyakaalath avar dveepil thaamasichekkaam.

