setteris paribus

 mattu karyangal thulyamaanu" ennartham varunna oru laattin vaakyamaan ((); eee vaakyathinte mattu chila engleesh vivarthanangal "matellaa kaaryangalum thulyamaanu", "mattu karyangal sthiramaayi nilanilkkunnu", "matellaam maattamillathe", "matellaam thulyamaanu" ennivayaanu. rund avasthakal thammilulla kaaryakaaranaparamo anubhavaparamo yukthisahamo aaya bandhathekkurichulla oru prasthavana, prasthavana, saadhaaranayaayi pratheekshicha saahacharyangalil krithyamaanengilum, paraajayappedaam allengil bandham nirthalaakkaam ennu amgeekarikkappettaal "setteris paribus" aanu.
oru "setteris paribus" anumaanam palappozhum shaasthreeya anweshanathinte pradhaanamaan, kaaranam shaasthranjar thaalpparyatthinte bandhathe thadassappeduthunna gadakangal illaathaakkaan shramikkunnu. athinaal epidemiologistukal, udaaharanathinu, ashrita variabilukale swaadheenichekkaavunna gadakangalaayi swatantra variabilukale niyantrikkaan shramichekkaam-thaalpparyatthinte phalangal. athupole, shaasthreeya maathrkayil, anumanangal lalithamaakkunnath anweshanathinu prasakthamennu karuthunna aashayangalude chithreekaranam anuvadikkunnu. saambathikashaasthrathile oru udaaharanam "paalinte vila kurayukayaanengil, paal aavasyam vardhikkum."ithinartham, panapperuppam, vilanirnaya lakshyangal, yoottility, maarkkatting reethikal thudangiya mattu gadakangal maarunnillengil, paalinte vilayile kuravu athinte aavasyam vardhippikkum ennaanu.
shaasthra thathwashaasthrathil, "setteris paribus" prasthaavanakalekkurichu charchakal nadakkunnundu. logical empirisist veekshanathil, adisthaana bhauthikashaasthram saarvathrika niyamangal prasthavikkaan pravanatha kaanikkunnu, athesamayam jeevashasthram, saambathikashaasthram, manahshaasthram thudangiya saamoohika shaasthrangal saadhaarana saahacharyangalil shariyaanenkilum apavaadangalulla niyamangal prasthaavikkunnu "setteris paribus" niyamangal ("sii. pii niyamangal"). saarvathrika niyamangalil shradha kendreekarikkunnathu adisthaana bhauthikashaasthrathe adisthaanamaayi verthirikkunna oru maanadandamaanu, athesamayam sii. pii niyamangal mattu mikka shaasthrangalilum prathyeka shaasthrangalaayi prabalamaanu, avayude niyamangal prathyeka kesukalil nilanilkkunnu. eee vyathyasam shaasthrathekkurichulla yukthisahamaya anubhavaparamaya kaazhchappaad oohikkunnu. shaasthreeya kandethalinekkurichulla yaanthrika daaranaykku ithu eluppathil baadhakamalla. samvidaanangalo niyamangalo uchithamaaya maathrkayaano enna kaaryatthil nyayamaaya abhipraayavyathyaasamund; samvidaanangalaanu anukoola reethi. oru saahacharyathil "setteris paribus" ennu anumaanikkukayaanenkil mattoru saadhyatha ashrita veriyabilinte alavil kooduthal valia punk vahichekkaavunna niravadhi pradhana gadakangale avaganikkanulla pravanathayaanu. chila anumanangal valare yaadhaarthyabodhamillaayathum shaasthranjarkkidayil thettaaya vishwaasangalilekku nayikkukayum cheyyum.
saambathikashaasthram.
saambathikashaasthrathinthin 'setteris paribus' avasthakalil iva ulppedunnu
saambathikashaasthrathinthin charithram.
"setteris paribus" noottaandukalaayi saambathikashaasthrathil prasakthamaanu, athil bhooribhaagam padangalum saambathika pashchaathalatthil aadyamaayi upayogikkunnu, 1295 ll peettar oliviyude aadya adayaalangal muthal. engleesh bhasha prasidheekaranangalil upayogichirunna laattin padaprayogatthinte aadya cases pathinezhaam noottaandil vilyam paatti aayirunnu, addeham thante moolyathinte thozhil sidhaantham vyavastha cheyyaan eee khandam upayogichu. saambathika shaasthranjanaaya joonn stuvartt mill laattin padaprayogam upayogichathu saambathikavyavasthaye athu engane prasnakaramaaya gadakangale kaikaaryam cheythuvennu visheshippichathinaal kaaryamaaya swaadheenangal chelutthi. 
saambathika shaasthranjanaaya alfred marshell pathonpathaam noottaandile "setteris paribus" khandathinte janapreethiyil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam chelutthi. eee vishakalanavum samanamaaya vishakalanavum setteris paribus khandangal moolamaanennu avakaashappett addeham saambathikashaasthrathinu nalkia pinthunayaayirunnu bhagika santulita vishakalanathe prothsaahippichathu.
setteris paribus saambathikashaasthrathinu konduvanna praadhaanyam charitraparamaaya thalpparyangalil mathramalla, innu saambathika vidagtharkku ippozhum pradhaanamaan, ithu paatapusthakangalil pathivayi kaanapedunnu.
vyaakhyaanam.
setteris paribus" khandangal ettavum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna vishayangalilonnaan saambathikashaasthram, athil avaa saambathika phalangalude roopeekaranavum vivaranavum lalithamakkaan upayogikkunnu. saambathikashaasthrathil "setteris paribus" upayogikkumbol, udanadi pariganikkunnavayozhikeyulla matellaa variabilukalum sthiramaayi nilanilkkunnuvennu oraal anumaanikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, beef vila "vardhikkunnu"-"setteris paribus"-vaangunavar aavashyappedunna beefinte alavu "kurayunnu" ennu pravachikkam. eee udaaharanathil, oru saadhaarana vasthuvinte "vila" yum "aavashyappedunna alavum" thammilulla bandhathe chuttipattiyulla ellaam pravartthanaparamaayi vivarikkan eee closs upayogikkunnu.
eee pravarthanaparamaaya vivaranam ariyappedunnathum ariyappedaathathumaaya gadakangale manappoorvvam avaganikkunnu, athu aavashyappedunna vilayum alavum thammilulla bandhathe swaadheenichekkaam, athinaal "setteris paribus" ennu karuthunnath nalkiyirikkunna udaaharanathile eathenkilum edapedal anumaanikkuka ennathaanu. manahpoorvvam avaganikkappedunna atharam gadakangalil iva ulppedunnu pakaravasthukkalude vilayile maattam, (udha.jii.panniyirachiyudeyo aattirachiyudeyo vila); vaangunnavarkkidayil apakadasaadhyathayodulla veruppinte nilavaaratthile maattam (udha.jii., bhraanthan pashu rogathekkurichulla bhayam vardhichathum); oru saadhanathinte mothatthilulla aavashyathinte nilavaaratthile maattavum athinte nilavile vila pariganikkathe (udha.jii.sasyaahaarathilekkulla oru saamoohika maattam).
eee khandika palappozhum "matellaam sthiramaayi nilanirthuka" ennu ayanja reethiyil vivarthanam cheyyappedunnu."mattu kaaryangalonnum yadhaarthathil maarillenn ithu ardhamaakkunnilla; marichu, athu oru prathyeka maattatthinte phalathe ottappeduthunnu. matellaa kaaryangalum sthiramaayi kaivasham vaykkunnathu motham derivateevinekkaal calculusil oru bhagika derivative upayogikkunnathinum veriyabilukaliloninte vyakthigatha prabhavam verthirikkunnathin onninekkaal onniladhikam variableukal adangiya oru regression pravarthippikkunnathinum nerittu samaanamaan. shaasthreeya modalinginte vipuleekaranamaanu setteris paribus. oru ashrita variable oru swatantra veriyabilinte swaadheenam thirichariyunnathilum verthirikkunnathilum parishodhikkunnathilum adhishtithamaanu shaasthreeya reethi.
shradhikkenda oru kaaryam, saambathika variableukal praayogikamalla, sidhaanthathil maathrame verthirikkaan kazhiyoo ennathinaal, setteris paaribasinu ellaayppozhum pravanathakale maathram uyarthikkattaan kazhiyum, allathe samboornnamalla.
alfred maarshalinte swabhaavam.
mattu swaadheenangal illennu karuthikkond chila kaaranangalude prabhavam ottappedalil pariganikkaan eee khandam upayogikkunnu. alfred marshell eee vyavasthayude upayogam thaazhepparayunna reethiyil prakadippichu
rund upayogangal.
maarshalinte melpparanja bhagam "setteris paribus" closs upayogikkaavunna rund vazhikal eduthukaanikkunnu onnu "saangalppikamaanu", athaayath ottappedalil mattoru gadakathinte swaadheenam vishakalanam cheiyunnathinaayi chila gadakangal sthiramaanennu karuthappedunnu. ithu saangalppikamaaya ottappedal aayirikkum. oru udaaharanam varumaana phalatthinte saangalppika verthirivum vila maattatthinte pakarakkaaran phalavum aayirikkum, athu yadhaarthathil orumichu pookunnu. setteris paribus" klosinte mattoru upayogam athine oru ekadesha pariharam nedunnathinulla oru maargamaayi kaanuka ennathaanu. ivide athu oru ganyamaaya ottappedal nalkum.
sthiramaaya ottappedalinu rund vashangalunda thaalkkaalikavum kaaryakaaranavum. setteris paribus" clossinu keezhil nischayichirikkunna gadakangal yadhaarthathil mattu swaadheenavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol valare saavadhaanathil neengendathundu, avaa eathu samayathum praayogikamaayi sthiramaayi kanakkakkaam. athinaal, sasyahaaram valare pathukke vyaapikkukayum, beefinte aavasyam mandagathiyilaakkukayum, beef vipani thaarathamyena vegathil maarukayum cheythaal, vitharanathinteyum aavashyathinteyum vibhajanathiloode namukk eathu nimishavum beef vila nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe maarunna demand beef kaalakramena vila maattathinu kaaranamakum (thaalkkaalika santulita reethi).
adisthaanaparamaaya ottappedalile mattoru vasham kaaryakaaranaparamaaya ottappedalaanu "setteris paribus" clossinu keezhil urappichirikkunna gadakangale padanatthilulla prakriyakal kaaryamaaya reethiyil baadhikkaruth. sarkkar nayangalile maattam ore samayaparidhiyil upabhokthaakkalude perumaattatthil mattangal varuthaan prerippikkukayaanenkil, naya mattangal undaakumbol upabhokthru perumaattam maattamillathe thudarunnuvenna anumaanam oru adisthaanaparamaaya ottappedal (lucas vimarsanam) aayi amgeekarikkaanaavilla.
aaplikkeshanukal.
saambathika vidagtharkku nirnayakamaaya setteris paribus enna ashayam gaveshanathil prayogikkaam 
1. vitharana shringhala
uthppaadanathinte vashangal setteris paribus pariganikkunnu, vipaniyile malsaram, ulppaadanachelavu, panapperuppam, charakkukalude vilanirnayam avasanippikkunnathinulla upabhokthru pravanathakal enniva uthppaadanathinte vashangal sthiramaayi nilanirthukayum vitharanam kuraykkunnathu vila vardhanavinu krameekarikkukayum cheyyum. 
2. vitharanathinteyum aavashyathinteyum niyamam
vila uyarumbol charakkukalude aavasyam kurayunnuvennu demand niyamam parayunnu, athesamayam vila uyarumbol vilppanakkaar vitharanam cheyyaan kooduthal thayyaaraanenn vitharana niyamam nirddeshikkunnu. eee niyamangal vipani vilakalumaayi parasparabandhithamaakumbol vipaniyile vitharanam nirnnayikkappedunnu. vipaniyile vilakaludeyum vitharanathinteyum kashwal gadakangale swatantra variableukal engane baadhikkumenn nirnnayikkunnathiloode vitharanathinteyum aavashyathinteyum niyamathil setteris paribus upayogikkunnu. 
3. motha aabhyanthara uthppaadanam
variableukal sthiramaayi nilanilkkumbol pana vipani engane maarumennu nirnnayikkaan gdpumaayi bandhappett setteris paribus upayogikkunnu. 
4. palisha nirakkukal
palisanirakkukal swatantra variable nilanirthunnathiloode, palisanirakkukal uyarumbol, vaaypayedukkunna chelavu vardhikkunnu, ithu ashrita variable kadathinte aavasyakatha kuraykkaan nirbandhithamaakkunnu.
5. minimum vethanam
minimum vethana vardhanavinte saadhyamaaya prathyaaghaathangal nirvachikkaan saambathika vidagdhar setteris paribus upayogikkum. vethanavardhanavu engane thozhilavasarangal kuraykkaan preripikkum ennathu saadhyamaaya prathyaaghaathangalil ulppedunnu. 
setteris paaribasinte parimiti.
vaasthavathil, "setteris paribus" avasthaykku chila parimithikalundu, pala saahacharyangalilum saambathika vidagtharkku gadakangal sthiramaayi sookshikkukayo anumanangal nadathukayo cheiyunnathu saadhyamalla. parishodhikkumbol, saambathika vidagtharkku ellah variabilukalum niyantrikkaan kazhiyilla allengil pradhaanappettatho saadhyathayullatho aaya variabilukale tharamthirikkaan kazhiyum. setteris paribus avasthaykku chila parimithikalundengilum, vipaniyile pravanathakal gaveshanam cheyyumbol athu valare praadhaanyamarhikkunnu.

