
andrey-georges houdricourt

andrey-georges houdricourt (; 17 januvari 1911-20 august 1996) oru franch sasyashaasthranjanum naravamshashaasthranjanum bhaashaashaasthranjanumaayirunu.
jeevacharitram.
picardiyile oru vidoora pradeshathulla maathaapithaakkalude krishiyidathilaanu addeham valarnnathu. kuttikkalam muthal thanne saankethikavidya, sasyangal, bhashakal ennivayekkurichu addehathinu jijnaasayundaayirunnu. 1928ll birudam nediya sesham, bharanathil addehathinu oru abhimaanakaramaaya sthaanam labikkumenna pratheekshayil naashanal instittyoott oof agrikalcharil (instittyoott naashanal agronomic) praveshikkaan pithaav addehathe upadeshichu. ennirunnaalum, birudadana samayat (1931), houdricourtinu varsham muzhuvan groupil ettavum mosham maarkk labhichu. thante samaprayakkaaril ninnu vyathyasthamayi, aadhunika upakaranangalum saankethikavidyayum prothsaahippikkunnathil allah, marichu parambaraagatha saankethikavidya, samoohangal, bhashakal enniva manassilakkunnathil addehathinu thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. paareesile bhoomishaasthram, shabdashaasthram, ethnology, janithakashasthram ennivayile prabhashanangalil addeham pankedutthu. naashanal instittyoott oof agrikalcharil valia thaalpparyathode pankeduttha nikkolaay vaavilovinoppam janithakashaasthrathil patanam nadatthaan oru varshathekku leningradilekku pookaan marsell mouse panam nedi.
1940-ll, houdricourtinu athinte sasyashaasthra vibhaagathil puthiya sentar naashanal dii laa reacherch sayantifikkil oru sthaanam labhichu, ennaal avide nadakkunna gaveshanathil addeham niraashanaayirunnu, ithu janithakashaasthrathinte puthiya sambhavavikaasangale pinthunaykkunna parinaama sameepanathin pakaram staatik vargeekaranangale aasrayichirikkunnu. 1940 augustil, jarmman adhinivesha sainyam thante library kandukettumennu bhayann, bhaashaashaasthranjanaaya marsell kohen "resistansil" cherunnathinu munbu bhaashaashaasthrathekkurich thante pusthakangalude library hadricourtine ealppichu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu bhaashaashaasthrathil vipulamaaya vaayana nadatthaan ithu houdricourtine anuvadichu. athesamayam, ekkol naashanal dess langues ooriyantales vivaantasil addeham eshyan bhaashakalum padichu.
1945ll cnrsinte sasyashaasthra vibhaagathil ninnu bhaashaashaastra vibhaagathilekku marran houdricourt theerumaanichu. 1947ll addeham pranaya bhashakalekkurichu oru phd prabandham (andrey maarttinettinte melnottatthil) avatharippichu. noonn kanformist theesis rund niroopakar (albert dausaatt, marrio rocks) amgeekarichilla, athinaal hodricourtine ekkol pratic dess houts ttudesil padippikkaan anuvadichilla. pakaram, 1948 muthal 1949 vare hanoiyile ekkol frankays dii extreme-ooriyantilaanu pravartthikkaan houdricourt sannadhatha prakadippichathu. avide, eshyan bhaashakalude charitraparamaaya shabdashaasthrathile prasnangal vyakthamakkaanum bhasha maattatthinte pothuvaaya maathrkakal vikasippikkaanum addehathinu kazhinju.
jeane-piyari vernant samghadippicha maarksist think tankle addeham idathuvashathu prathijnjaabadharaaya mattu sahapravarthakarkoppam (elena cassin, maximey roadinson, mouris godelier, chaals malamoudu, jeane-pooll brison, jeane yoyot, jeane botero) pankedutthu. 1964ll "sentar dess rechairches comparis surr less sosaittes ansiense" enna sthaapana roopathil eee samgham roopeekarikkukayum pinneedu "sentar luis jernett" aayi maarukayum purathana greesinekkurichulla padanatthil kooduthal shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheythu.
naashanal dii laa reacherch scientific (cnrs) sentarinullil, houdricourt 1976 ll oru gaveshana kendram sthaapichu, athinte lakshyam vamsheeyavum bhashaaparavumaaya pravartthanangal samyojippichu avarude saamskaarika parithasthithikkullil rekhappeduthiyittillaath bhashakalekkurichu anweshikkuka ennathaanu laasitto research sentar ("bhashakal eiii samskaarangal eiii paarambaryam ooral").
jolie.
reethishaasthraparamaaya sambhavanakal.
charitraparamaaya shabdashaasthrathile panchronic prograaminte sthaapakanaayi houdricourt kanakkaakkappedunnu.
tonogenesis.
chainees, vietnaamees, mattu kizhakkan eshyan bhaashakalude charithrathekkurichulla addehathinte patanam adisthaana ulkkaazhchakale aakarshikkunnu. swaramillaatha oru bhaashaykk engane swaramaayi maaraamenn addeham vyakthamakki. "dii ell orijin dess toons enn vietnaamiyan" vietnaameesilum mattu niravadhi kizhakkan, thekkukizhakkan eshyan bhaashakalilum tonogenesis vishadeekarikkukayum proto-sino-tibattan, proto-thaay thudangiya thekkukizhakkan eshyayile pradhana bhashakalil nontonal poorvvikarude punarnirmmaanatthinu vazhiyorukkukayum cheythu. tonel samvidaanangalude vikasanatheyum parinaamatheyum kurichulla kooduthal samagramaya vivaranam 1961 ll houdricourt prasidheekarichu.
pazhaya chainakkaarude punarnirmmaanathinulla mattu sambhavanakal.
pazhaya chainees charitraparamaaya shabdashaasthrathinte punarnirmmaana mekhalayilekkulla houdricourtinte pradhana paarambaryangal, tonogenesisinekkurichu addehathinte chittayaya vivaranathinu purame, avasana *-', labiovelaarukal ennivayude punarnirmmaanamaan.
book oof oods" ll kaanapedunna niravadhi prasa reethikal houdricourt vyakthamaakkiyittund. avasana stoppukalulla/- p-t-k/rhyme ulla vaakkukal avayude madhya chainees uchaaranam anusarichu purappedunna swarathil (γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ udaaharanathinu, shhaa, suvo seereesukalile (yathaakramam madhya chinesa * dsrey, * sack) padangalum, bii, pii seereesile (madhya chinesa * bjiejh, * phiet) vaakkukalum praasamaan. ithu kaalgrane oru shabdamullah final parambara punarnirmikkaan prerippichu/*-d/,/*-g/, (chila sandarbhangalil)/*-b/. purappedunna swaram *-s ll ninnaanennu parayunna houdricourtinte sidhaantham aaa prathibhaasatthe vishadeekarikkunnu. avasana stoppile vaakkukalumayi praasabadhamaaya purappedunna swaramulla vaakkukal avasana klasttarukal *-ks, *-ts allengil *-ps upayogichu punarnirmikkanam. koodaathe, charitraparamaaya roopaghadanayude veekshanakonil ninnu nokkiyaal, houdricourtinte tonogenesis sidhaantham niravadhi *-s prathyayangalude (prathyekichu oru naamamaathramaaya prathyayam) punarnirmmaanatthilekku nayikkunnu, avaa tibattan polulla yaadhaasthithika sino-tibattan bhashakalil kaanappedunnavayumayi poruthappedunnuvennu kaanikkam.
randaamathe pradhana kandethal pazhaya chainees bhashayil labiovelaarukal nilavilundenna addehathinte sidhaanthamaanu
"...vishakalana nighanduvile chila varikal velar iniishyalukal (/k/,/k/,/g/,/x/,/ng/) upayogichu maathrame prathyakshappedunnulla enna vastutha pandithanmaar avaganichathaayi thonnunnu, udaaharanathinu-iveyi [mc *-wej] ′,-wang [*-wang] ′,-aiwang [*-jwang] ′,-vaakk [*-wak] ′,-aivett [*-wet] ′ muthalaayava."(chathura braakkattukalil cherttha madhya chainees punarnirmmaanangal 1992 leeii baakstar muthalullathaanu.)
pazhaya chainees swaraakshara sanbradaayathinte punarnirmmaanatthinaayi eee ashayam pinneedu upayogichu, ithu sameepakaala samvidaanangalil pothuvaaya aarr swaraakshara sanbradaayathinte adisthaanamaanu.

