
tii. bii. sakhyam

puthiyathum vegameriyathum thaangaanaavunnathumaaya kshayaroga (tibi) marunnukalude kandethalinum vikasanathinumaayi samarppichirikkunna laabhechayillaatha uthppanna vikasana pankaalitthamaanu (pdp) tibi alayans (aupachaarikamaayi tibi drugg devalapmentinaayulla aagola sakhyam). 2000-ll aarambhichathumuthal, tibi alayans tbic labhyamaya chikilsakalude mekhala valarthaan pravartthikkukayum ippol charithratthile ettavum valia puthiya tibi marunnukalude pipeline kaikaaryam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. dakshinaafrikkayile cape tounilaanu ithu sthaapithamaayathu, athinusesham ithu vikasichu. newyork nagarathilaanu ithinte aasthaanam, koodaathe pretoriyayil oru praadeshika offeesumundu.
pashchaathalam.
lokamembaadumulla pakarchavyaadhiyude maranatthinte pradhana kaaranam shayarogamaanu, oro varshavum ekadesham 16 laksham aalukal marikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, puthiya tibi marunnukalude gaveshanavum vikasanavum 1960-kalkk sesham oru vertual sthambhanathilekku ethi. innu, naalu-marunnu kompineshan therapy nilavilundu, pakshe ithu falapradamaakaan aarumaasamo athil kooduthalo edukkum. ithinu pala rajyangalileyum aarogya adisthaana soukaryangalude sheshikkappuramulla oru alavilulla nireekshanam (direct observative therapy, short kozhs kaanuka) aavasyamaanu, koodaathe ettavum pakarchavyaadhi kesukalil pakuthiyiladhikam perkkum mathiyaya tibi chikitsa labhyamalla. ithu rogathinte niyanthranathe thadayukayum mayakkumarunnu prathirodhatthinte vardhanavinu aakkam koottukayum cheyyum (antimicrobial prathirodham kaanuka).
innu antimicrobial anubadhakal moolamundaakunna maranangalil 29 sathamaanavum mayakkumarunnu prathirodhasheshiyulla tibi moolamaanu. anubadhakal aadya nira marunnukale prathirodhikkumbol, avaa chikilsikkaan kooduthal chelaveria chikilsakal upayogikkanam. palappozhum aashupathrikalile deerghakaala chikitsa aarogya parirakshaa chelavukalum kudumbangaludeyum samoohangaludeyum saambathika bharavum ganyamaayi vardhippikkunnu. multidrug-resistant tibi (mdr-tibi) allengil vipulamaaya drugg-resistant tibi (exdr-tibi) ennivayude orotta cases chikilsikkunnathinulla chelavu mayakkumarunnu sensitiivu tibi chikilsikkunnathinekkaal aayirakkanakkin madangu kooduthalaanu.
aids ullavarude onnaam nambar kolayali koodiyaanu tibi, ennaal echuaivi chikilsikkaan upayogikkunna aanti retroviral marunnukalumayi nilavile tibi chikilsakal nannayi pravartthikkunnillenna pothuve sammathikkunnu. puthiyathum mechappettathumaaya tibi chikilsakal adiyanthiramaayi aavasyamaanu. ennirunnaalum, oru chikitsa pipeline nilanirthunnathinu aavashyamaaya puthiya gaveshanathil nikshepikkunnathinu farmaceutical kambanikalil ninnu vishalamaaya nikshepam uthejippikkunnathinu tii. bii. marunnu vipaniyil mathiyaya saambathika prothsaahanangal illa. vikaswara rajyangalilaanu tii. bii. pakarchavyaadhi kendreekarichirikkunnathu, avide marunnukal labhyamakaan chelavu kuravaayirikkanam. farmaceuticalsil ulppedunna gaveshana chelavukalum thanthraparamaaya apakadasaadhyathakalum nyaayeekarikkan swakaarya kambanikal saadhaaranayaayi aavasyamaanennu karuthunna tharatthilulla varumaana srothassukal ithu srishtikkunnilla. eee shoonyatha nikathunnathinum puthiya aanti-tibi marunnukal thaangavunnathum thaddesheeya rajyangalil labhyavumaanennu urappakkunnathinumulla praadhamika upakaranamaayaan tibi alayans roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu.
charithram.
2000 februvariyil dakshinaafrikkayile cape tounil nadanna yogathil tii. bii. sakhyam roopeekarikkappettu, avide academic, vyavasaya, pradhana sarkkar ejansikal, sarkkarithara samghadanakal, daathaakkal ennivaril ninnulla 120 prathinidhikal kshayaroga chikilsayude prasnangal charcha cheyyaan othukoodi. athivegam pravartthikkunnathum puthiyathumaaya tibi marunnukalude aavasyakatha pankedukkunnavar oonnipparayukayum athil ulppedunna shaasthreeya avasarangal eduthukaanikkukayum cheythu. thathfalamaayundaaya "cape taunn prakhyapanam" tibi mayakkumarunnu vikasanathinu oru rooad mapp nalkukayum tibi sakhyam srishtikkendathinte aavasyakatha roopappeduthukayum cheythu. 2001ll aadyathe cheef executive offeesaraayum presidentaayum niyamithayaaya maria freer 2008ll tibi sakhyam vittu lasker foundeshante prasidantaakunnathuvare aaa padaviyil sevanamanushtichu. nilavile sii. iii. oyum presidentum melvin spiegelmanaanu.
prograam.
laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna uthppanna vikasana pankaalitthamaanu tii. bii. alayans (pothu-swakaarya pankaalittham kaanuka). kuranja sevanamulla vipanikalkkayi puthiya uthppannangalude vikasanathinu neethrthwam nalkunnathinaayi pothu, swakaarya, academic, jeevakaarunya mekhalakal thammilulla pankaalittham oru pii. dii. pii. nirmmikkunnu. laboratariyudeyum klinikkal jolikaludeyum bhooribhaagavum baahya gaveshana soukaryangalum kararukar vazhiyaan nadakkunnathenkilum pii. dii. pii. kall avarude padhathikalude nerittulla maanejment melnottam nilanirthunnu. eee model puthiya tibi marunnu vikasanam vegathilaakkunnathinulla shaasthreeya sheshi opttimais cheyyumbol, overhead adisthaana soukaryangalile nikshepavum ulppedeyulla chelavukal kuraykkunnu.
tii. bii. sakhyathinu charithratthile ettavum valia tii. bii. marunnukalude pipelineund, koodaathe tii. bii. sakhyathinte prakhyapitha douthyathinte bhagam vikaswara rajyangalil eathoru puthiya chikitsa thaangavunnathum axus cheyyaavunnathumaayinnum avaa labhyamaayaaludan sweekarikkappedunnuvennum urappaakkuka ennathaanu. ellah licensing karaarukalilum vilanirnaya nibandhanakal ulppeduthiyittundu, koodaathe anthima uthppannangal rogikalkku eluppathil edukkaan kazhiyunna tharatthilaanu roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. puthiya chikilsakal sweekarikkukayum praadeshika chaanalukal vazhi aarogya parirakshaa daathaakkalkkum rogikalkkum praapyamaakukayum cheiyunnuvennu urappakkaan pravartthikkunna deseeya, anthardesheeya pankaalikalumaayi tibi alayans sahakarikkunnu.
2019 februvariyil, novalaaya kshayaroga (tibi) marunnaaya pretomanidinulla tibi alayansinte apeksha yuu. ezz avalokanathinaayi sweekarichu.ezz. eph. dii. eiii. 2019 augustil, tibi alayansinte kshayaroga (tibi) marunnu pretomanidinu yuu. ezz. amgeekaaram nalki.ezz. fda, mattu rund antibioticukalaaya bedakvilin, linesolid ennivayumaayi samyojippichu, vipulamaaya marunnu-prathirodhasheshiyulla (exdr) tibi, chikitsa-asahishnutha allengil prathikaranamillaattha multidrug-resistant (mdr) tibi ennivayude chikilsaykkaayi upayogikkum.
marunnu prathirodhasheshiyulla tibi chikilsikkunnu.
sajeevamaaya kshayaroga anubadhakal chikilsikkunnathinu kompineshan theraappikal anivaaryamaan. nilavil, deerghakaalathekku kompineshan therapyayi naalu phastt-line kshayaroga marunnukal nalkunnundu. kshayaroga rogakaariyude chila vakabhedangal randineyo (emm. dii. aarr-tibi ennu vilikkunnu) allengil kuranjathu naalineo (ex. dii. aarr-tibi ennu vilikkunnu) aadya nira kshayaroga marunnukale prathirodhikkunnu. kshayarogathinte pakarchavyaadhi swabhaavam kaaranam, mayakkumarunnu prathirodham gurutharamaaya pothujanaarogya prashnamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, prathyekichu ithinakam durbalamaaya rogaprathirodha samvidaanamulla aalukalkkidayil, udaaharanathinu echuaivi ulla aalukal.
daathaakkal.
kambaniyude pravarthanangalkku dhanasahayam nalkunna pothumekhalaa, swakaarya daathaakkalumaayi vaividhyamaarnna aagola pankaalitthamaanu tii. bii. sakhyathinullathu. thaazhepparayunnavarude pinthunayodeyaanu samghadana pravartthikkunnathu