shaityakaala kanakk

vadakke amerikkayile thaddesheeya amerikkakkar gotravarga rekhakalum sambhavangalum rekhappeduthunna chitra kalandarukaloo charithrangalo aanu shaityakaala kanakkukal (lakota "vaaniyettu vovapi" allengil "vaaniyettu ivaapi"). blackfeet, mandan, keova, lakota, mattu samathala gothrangal ennivar shaityakaala kanakkukal vyaapakamaayi upayogichirunnu. ekadesham nooru shaityakaala kanakkukal nilavilundenkilum ivayil palathum thanippakarppukalumaan.
vivaranam.
shaityakaala kanakkukal chithraathmaka kalandarukalaanu, parambaraagathamaayi kaattukutthiyude thoppiyil varachava, avayude ettavum sradheyamaaya sambhavangal chithreekarichu varshangalude oru kramam pradarshippikkunnu. vintar' ennu vivarthanam cheiyunna 'vaaniyethu' enna lakota naamamaya 'vaaniyethu vovapi' yill ninnaan vintar kaundu enna padam vannath, athesamayam 'vovapi' ennathu 'adayaalappeduthiyathum vaayikkano kanakkaakkaano kazhiyunna enthineyum' soochippikkunnu.mikka shaityakaala ennangalilum aaa varshathe ettavum avismaraneeyamaaya sambhavathe adisthaanamaakki oro varshavum pratheekappeduthunna orotta pictograph undu. lakota janataye sambandhichidatholam, aadyathe manjuveezhcha muthal aadyathe manjuveezhcha vare varshangal neenduninnu. keova shaityakaala kanakkukal saadhaaranayaayi varshathil rund maarkk nalkunnu-onnu shaithyakaalathinum onnu venalkkaala suurya nrithathinum adayaalappeduthunnu. pradhanappetta sambhavangale prathinidheekarikkunna gliffukal varshangalude kramathekkurichu koodiyaalochikkaan kazhiyunna oru referenzaayi upayogikkum.
vadakke amerikkayile thaddesheeya raajyangalkkidayile mattu paarambaryangalkku samaanamaayi, charithratthinte poornnamaaya vivaranagal vaamozhiyayi kaimaran sahaayikkunnathin shaityakaala kanakkukal ormmakkurippaayi upayogichirunnu. vadakke amerikkayile thaddesheeyaraaya aalukalkk sanbarkkathinu munbulla kaalaghattatthil aksharamalaye aashrayikkaatha niravadhi vazhikaliloode charithram rekhappeduthaamaayirunnu. rekhaamoolamulla rekhakal upayogikkaathe, vaakkalulla paarambaryam thaddesheeya jeevithareethikalude valare pradhanappetta oru vashamaayirunnu, koodaathe thalamurakalilekku arivu kaimarunnathinulla pradhana margamaayirunnu. palappozhum, chithraathmakamo mattu oormmappeduthal upakaranangalo eee reethikalkkulla guide posttukalaayi upayogichirunnu. shaityakaala kanakkukal vazhi vaakkalulla charitra samrakshanathinte seox saamskaarika paarambaryatthil ithu ganyamaayi kaanapedunnu. vadakkan valia samathalangalil sthithi cheiyunna dakota, nakota, lakota ennividangalil adhivaasikalumaayulla sanbarkkathinu munbum athinusheshavum vividha vasthukkalil vaarshika sambhavangal rekhappeduthukayum thudarnnu.
shaityakaala kanakkukal padikkumbozhum mattu srothassukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbozhumbo varshasamkhya velippeduthumbol, chila shaityakaala kanakkukal thammilulla samanathakal inter-baand bandhangalum prakadamaakkunnu. valia samathala mekhalayile chila samghangalkku sakhyangaliloode adutha bandhamundayirunnathinaal, avarude shaityakaala kanakkukal palappozhum valare samanamaayirikkum. eaka naaya, jwala, hamsam, pradhana mulpadarppu shaityakaala kanakkukal enniva eee kaaranathaal valare saamyamullathaanennu pandithanmaar abhipraayappettittund; kaaranam eee baandukal aduthu thaamasikkukayum palappozhum parasparam edapazhakukayum cheiyunnu.
lakota shaityakaala kanakkukal prathyekichu levis, clark paryaveshanathinum thudarnnulla vadakke amerikkayile thaddesheeyarude angeyattatthe paarshwavalkkaranathinum adichamarthalinum munbulla kaalaghattatthil europian vyaapaarikalumaayulla aazhathilulla charitraparamaaya bandhangal velippeduthunnu. samghangalum kudiyettakkaarum thammilulla bandhatheyum avarude raashtreeyavum saamoohikavumaaya chalanathmakathayeyum soochippikkunna oru tharam saamudaayika charitramaanu ithu kaanikkunnath. kaanikkunnath avasaanam muthal muthal arambham vare, shaityakaala ennangalude pakarppukal (american kuthira, claude sheeled, baattist good ennivayulppede) europian collectormar thaddesheeya ethnographic vasthukkalaayi kammeeshan cheythu.
shaityakaala kanakkukal srishtikkuka.
parambaraagathamaayi oro band shaityakaala kaundinte orotta keepparine thiranjedukkum. irupathaam noottaand vare eee keypermar ellaayppozhum purushanmarayirunnu. varshathekkulla oru peru thiranjedukkunnathinu samavayathilethaan avar gotra muthirnnavarumaayi koodiyaalochikkum. palappozhum oru kudumbaamgamaayirunna thante pingami keeper kaundu record cheiyunnathil thiranjedutthu. pala kesukalilum, shaityakaala kanakkukal avar marichappol avarude sookshippukaarodoppam kuzhichidappettu, athaayath pala shaityakaala kanakkukalkkum oru apprentees allengil collector cheytha pakarppukal punarnirmmichu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare potthinte tholiyil shaithyakaalathe ennangal rekhappeduthappettirunnu. pothu kuravaayappol, sookshippukaaran muslin, linan allengil paper enniva upayogichu. varaykkunna uparithalathinte idathotto valathotto aarambhicha vaarshika pictographukal varikal, sarpilangal allengil sarppan paattenukalil pravarthippikkaam. shaityakaala kanakkukalil pakarchavyaadhikal saadhaaranayaayi chithreekarikkappedunnu, ithu gothrangalkkidayile rogangalude prathyaaghaathangalekkurichallu chila charitraparamaaya rekhakal nalkunnu. romakkachavadakkaar, missionarymar, sainika udyogasthar ennivaril ninnulla shaityakaala kanakkukoottalinte samayavum uthbhavasthalavum sambandhicha rekhaamoolamulla vivaranagal padikkunnathiloode pandithanmaar pakarchavyaadhiyude prathyaaghaathangalekkurich vishalamaaya dhaarana nedunnu.
innu, valia samathala janathayude charithravum koloniyalisavumaayulla avarude anubhavangalum oormmikkumbol shaityakaala kanakkukal vilapetta charitra srothassukalaayi varthikkunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandil, settilmentar colonialism seox janathayude niravadhi grouppukalude paarshwavalkkaranathilekku nayichu, koodaathe pala thaddesheeya grouppukalum europian ardhathil saaksharathayillaathathinaal, avarude katha pradhaanamaayum american charithratthil ninnu ozhivaakkappettu, athu pradhaanamaayum rekhaamoolamulla uravida metteeriyaline aashrayichirunnu.
sthireekarana theeyathikal.
nakshathrangal veena varsham" enna aaa sambhavangalilonn 1833 novemberile leonid ulkkatt kodunkaattumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave smithsonian pandithanaaya garrick maalari thiricharinju. addeham aaa sambhavam upayogichu lakota shaithyakaalathe paashchaathya kalandarukalumaayi bandhappeduthukayum janangalude charithram vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheythu.

