
oswaldslo

964 leeii charteril samadhaanaparamaaya rajaavaaya edger (maranam 975) namakaranam cheytha engleesh kaundi vorcestershayarile nooraayirunnu oswaldslo (chilappol oswaldslo). moonnu cheria noorukal chernna triple nooraayirunnu athu. kutbergelo, winbergetroo, wolfereslo noorukanakkinu aalukal layippichaan ithu srishtikkappettathu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi vorsestarile bishop ooswaaldinte perilaanu ariyappedunnathu (maranam 992).
ezhaam noottaandinte madhyathil merseayile penda raajaavine eee pradesham keezhadakkaan sahayichathaayi aaropikkappedunna bernisian rajakumaaranaaya oslaafum sahodaran oosvuduvum chernnu northambriyayil ninnu naadukadathappettathaayi kandethiya eee peru yadhaarthathil oosfaafil ninnaan. oru praadeshika landmarkinu ooslaaf, "auslafeshlo" allengil "ooslaafinte kunnu" enna peril perittirunnu. triple noorinte samgamasthalamaayi maariyappol ooswaaldinte peru prathifalippikkunnathina kunninte peru pinneedu maatti.
englandile norman adhiniveshathinushesham, triple nooril kooduthal chila judicial avakaashangalkk vorsestar sabhaykku avakaashamundenn theliyikkaan edgarinte vyaja charter upayogichu. eee avakashangalkkulla cathedral adhyaayathinte avakaashavaadangale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi srishticha charter vyaajamaanenn aadhunika charitrakaaranmaar theliyichittundu.
domsday book noorinekkurichu parayunnu sent charchu. merii oof vorsestarinu 'oswaldslo' ennu vilikkunna nooru undu, athil 300 thoppikalundu. ivayil ninnu aaa sabhayude bishop, purathana kaalathe krameekaranatthiloode, ellaam adikaaraparidhiyil ninnu nalkiyittundu-athinaal oru "vaikomukalkkum" avide oru vaadavum undakaan kazhiyilla, oru apekshayilum allengil oru saahacharyathilum. jilla muzhuvan ithu sthireekarikkunnu.
hemminginte cartularyilekku" moonnu thavana pakarthappettuvennum, orikkal aadya bhaagathekku ("lieber vigorniansis"), randuthavana kruthiyude randaam bhaagathekku pakartthiyennum oswaldsloyile prathyeka avakaashangalkkaayulla vorsestarinte avakaashavaadangalkku eee bhagam pradhanamaayirunnu. kaundiyile shereefinu noorinullil avakashangalilla enna vasthuthaykk prathyeka oonnal nalki. adhiniveshathinu munbu bishappin chila prathyeka avakashangal undaayirunnengilum, bhookhandathile itharathilulla judicial prathirodhatthinu sheelicha thaddesheeyamallaatha prabhukkanmaarude varavode maathrame oswaldsloyile judicial prathirodham enna ashayam vijayathin sesham sambhavichirunnulloo ennu patrick wormald vaadikkunnu.
adhyaayathinte avakaashavaadangalude adisthaanam thettaayirunnuvenkilum anglo-saaksan kaalaghattatthil adhyaayathinum athinte bishopin oswaldsloyil niravadhi avakashangal undaayirunnu. yudhathil nooril "fired" command cheyyaanulla avakasham ithil ulppedunnu. nooru perkku oru kappal nalkaanum oru kappalkkoottam roopeekarikkaanum aavashyamaayirunnu. pothuve, eeldormaanilekku nokkunnathinupakaram, triple nooru bharanaparavum sainikavumaaya bharanathinaayi bishappilekku nokki. bhoovudamabharana sanbradaayathinte munnodiyaayirunnu oswaldslo ennu avakaashappettittundel ithu vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappedunnu.
bishop wolfstaante keezhil (maranam 1095), bishop oswaldsloyile thante avakaashangalude rajakeeya sthireekaranam urappichu, vorsestarile sherief, urse dii abettottilekk oru ritt ayachu. kanfesar rajaavaaya edwardinte kaalath nilaninnirunnathupole oswaldsloyil sack sokkum labhikkaan bishappin avakaashamundenn eee ritt aavarthichu. akkaalathe mattu rajakeeya theerumaanangal wolfsthaanile niravadhi kottarangal oswaldsloyil ulppeduthiyittunde sthireekarichu.
nooru hafshire roopeekarichappol (orupakshe panthrandaam noottaandinte madhyathil) nooril ninnu moonnu maanarukal vannu, athaayath. alverch, stokku pree, oosmarli nooru oswaldsloyilekkum bakkiyullava hafshireilekkum pooyi.

