
joonn poppu (sanjaara ezhuthukaaran)

joonn poppu (sii. 1754-januvari 31,1795) oru american sinikanum sanjaariyum "vadakke american aikyanaadukalude thekkan, padinjaaran pradeshangaliloodeyulla oru paryadanam" enna pusthakatthinte rachayithaavumaayirunnu. maarppaappayude jeevithakaalathu eee pusthakam kaaryamaaya shradha aakarshichillengilum spanish pravisyakalaaya luciana, floridas, creak raashtram ennivayulppede aadyakaala american aikyanaadukalude athirthikalekkurichulla aadyakaala vivaranagalkk charitrakaaranmaar vilamathikkunnu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum sainikajeevitavum.
eiii touur" enna pusthakatthinte rachayithavaaya joonn poppu, virjeeniyayile louisa kaundiyile nathaniel poppu naalaamanteyum (1729-1806) bhaarya lucie smith (kurukkan) poppinteyum (1732-1789) mootha makanaayirunnu. oru paryadanatthil" ninnulla thelivukal soochippikkunnathu joonn poppu nannayi vidyaabhyaasam nediyirunnuvennum nikuthi rekhakal soochippikkunnathu addeham sambannanaayirunnu, addehathinte peril 700 ekkariladhikam bhoomiyundaayirunnu. 1775-leyo 1776-leyo saamuvalinteyum lucie (klaiboon) duvalinteyum makalaaya virjeeniyayile henrico kaundiyile lucie duvaline addeham vivaham kazhichu. 1792 aayappozhekkum avarkk alexander, lucinda, aan ennee moonnu kuttikalundaayi. 1792ll joonn poppu "eiii touur" prasidheekarichappozhekkum lucie (duval) marpappa marichirikkaam.
oru paryadanatthil", american viplavakaalath thaan thaamasichirunnathu virjeeniyayile aamherst kaundiyilaanennu marpappa ezhuthi. 1778 muthal 1790 vare addeham aamherst kaundiyil thaamasichirunnathaayi deed rekhakal soochippikkunnu. addehathe thaalkkaalikamaayi oru joonn poppu juuniyar ennu thiricharinjittundu. aaa kaundiyil ninnulla millisiayil oru udyogasthanaayi sevanamanushtichu. 1781 juunil eee joonn poppu lefttanant kenal padavi nedi. linchinte ferry, kaupens, rockfish gapp, jaimstown ennividangalile yudhangalil addehathinte bataaliyan pankedutthu. york taunn uparodhathil eee bataaliyan markvis dii laafayettinte neethrthwathilulla "pradhana sainyathil" layippichu.
yudhathinushesham marpappa aamherst kaundiyilekku madangiyethukayum pinneedu 1790ll thante swath vitt richmond pradeshathekku maarukayum cheythirikkaam. 1790 juun 1nuu joonn marpappa paryadanatthinu purappettu, athu pinneedu thante pusthakatthil rekhappeduthum. 1795 januvari 31nuu jorjiyayile augustayil vachu joonn poppu antharichu.
perukal.
ezhuthukaaranaaya joonn poppu palappozhum joonn poppu ennum perulla thante bandhuvumaayi aashayakkuzhappathilaayittund. 1749ll westmorelandilo virjeeniyayile prins vilyam kaundiyiloo aanu eee peru janichathu. 1800-nte avasaanathilo 1801-nte thudakkathilo jorjiyayile wilks kaundiyilekku kudumbatthe maattunnathinumumbu addeham thante jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum prins vilyam kaundiyil thaamasichu. eee joonn poppu 1802-leeii venalkkaalath jorjiyayile wilks kaundiyil vachu marichu.
jorjiyayil sthirathaamasamaakkiya joonn marpappa, orikkal neekkam cheyyappetta, ezhuthukaaranaaya joonn maarppaappayude aadya cussin aayirunnu. vilyam kaundi rajakumaaranaaya joonn poppinte pithavaaya verden poppu (1700-1749) joonn poppinte sahodaranaayirunnu. 1695-1735), "oru touur" ezhuthiya joonn poppinte muthachan.
maarppaappayude yathrakal.
1790 juun 1nuu richmondil ninnu poppu virjeeniyayiloode monongahela nadiyile chuvanna kallilekku yaatra cheythu. muun viplava yuddha janaralmaraya danielle morgan, horashio gates, aadam steefan, chaals washington ennivare addeham sandarshichu. octoberil addeham pittsburgil ethi, avide rogathil ninnu karakayaran patthu divasam thaamasichu. novemberil addeham ohiyo nadiyil ninnu kentakkiyilekku pooyi, oru maasam danvilleyil thaamasichu. louisvilleyil addeham jorjju rogezhs clarkine sandarshikkukayum februvari vare nagaratthil thudarukayum cheythu.
1791 march onninu marpappa oru franch bottmyaanumaayi ohiyo, mississippi nadikalil erangi march 4 nuu nyoo madridil ethi spanish kamaandantinoppam bhakshanam kazhichu. mississippi thudarnnukondu, lucianayile spanish gavarnaraaya maanuval gioso dii lemosine marpappa kandumutty. naachasil orazhcha thaamasicha sesham, poppu nyoo orliyansilekku thudarnnu, avide addeham aarr aazhcha thaamasichu.
meyy pakuthiyode poppu nyoo oorliyansil ninnu spanish pravisyayaaya vestt floridayude thalasthaanamaaya pensacolayilekku kappal kayari. vestt floridayile airish vamshajanaaya gavarnarmaaril oralaaya arturo oo 'neel pathinonnu creak indiakkaarude akambadiyode poppine vadakkott indian nethaavu alexander mcgillivray enna creak sandarshikkaan ayachu. juun avasaanathode, marpappa jorjiyayiludaneelam kizhakode augustayilekkum savannayilekkum ethi.
poppu savannayil ninnu southu karolinayile chaalstanilekku kappal kayari august 1 nuu ethi. yaathrayil addeham senattar piers buttlere kandumutty. chaalstanil ninnu addeham taamasiyaathe thekkott sent. jorjiyayile merris spanish eest floridayil praveshikkaan shramichenkilum thirichayakkappettu. sent. septambar 2 nuu merris newyork nagaratthilekku oru kappalil pooyi.
thante yaathrayude avasana ghattathil, marpappa nyoojezhsiyiloode philadelfiyayilekku yaatra cheythu, akkaalat american aikyanaadukalude sarkkar aasthaanamaayirunnu. october 5nuu addeham yudhakaarya sekrattari henry noxumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi.
yaathrayude kaaranagal.
16 maasathe yaathrayude maarppaappayude uddeshyangal anishchithathvathilaanu. jorjia samsthaanam avakaashappedunna bhoomiyil oohaapohangal nadathunna virgenia yasu kambaniyude ejantaayi thaan thekkan raajyam paryavekshanam cheythathayi addeham yuddha nox secretory ariyichu. ennirunnaalum, charitrakaaranaaya jeey. patrick david roses chernnaanu land kambani sthaapichathu. barton staar, maarppaappaykk eppozhengilum kambaniyumaayi bandhamundaayirunnuvennathu sakthamaaya thelivukalonnumilla. maarppaappayude yaathrayude "ettavum vyakthamaaya vishadeekaranam" "boudhika jijnjasayum aaveshathodulla aagrahavum" aanennu staar nigamanam cheythu."
1791 juunil marpappa kandumuttya creak rashtreeya nethaavaaya mcgillivray, spanish sainika posttukalil chaarappani nadathunnathinum indiakkaarekkurichulla vivarangal nedunnathinumaayi kanyaka thekk paryadanam nadathukayaanennu anumaanichu. marppaappayekkurichulla thante samshayathekkurich mcgillivray spaanishukaarkk kathezhuthi. ithinu marupadiyaayi, havanayile kyapttan general marpappa "nindyanaaya saahasikan" ennu visheshippikkukayum natches, nyoo oorliyans, pensacola ennividangalile spanish commandermark saasikkaan utharavidukayum cheythu.
maarppaappayude pusthakam.
virgenia gasattinte edittarum pothu parasyadaathaavumaaya joonn dixon 1792 novemberilo disambarilo poppinte pusthakam achadichu. pusthakatthinte muzhuvan thalakettum" vadakke american aikyanaadukalude thekk, padinjaaru pradeshangaliloodeyulla oru paryadanam; mississippi nadiyile spanish aadhipathyam, floridas; creak raajyangalude rajyangal; janavaasamillaatha niravadhi bhagangal "ennathaanu."
maarppaappayude pusthakatthil idaykkide varunna niravadhi hraswa kavithakalundu, avayil bhooribhaagavum aakshepahaasyangalaanu. henry nox, attorni general edmund randolf, philadelphia vyaapaariyaaya saamuval plisants ennivarkkulla aadarasoochakamaanu ivayil avasaanatheth.
sweekaranam.
niroopakashraddha kuranja eee pusthakam rachayithaavinte jeevithakaalathu punarprasidheekarikkappedu. virgenia sarvakalaashaalayile libraryil sookshichirikkunna oru pakarppinte avasana pejil oru kaikondu ezhuthiya kurippund, orupakshe aadyakaala vaayanakkaaran avasheshippichirikkaam "marpappa ningal oru mandanaanu."
ennirunnaalum, 1800 kalude avasaanathode, colonial american thekk sambandhicha viralamaaya prathyaksha vivaranagal thirayunna charitrakaaranmaarkku maarppaappayude pusthakatthil thaalpparyamundaayi, athu appozhekkum valare apoorvamaayirunnu.
punarnirmmaanam.
1888ll newyork book dealer chaals ell. wood ward maarppaappayude "touur"-nte oru cheria pathipp oru puthiya soochikayode achadichu. eee puthiya pathipp undaayirunnittum, irupathaam noottaandinte bhooribhaagavum eee pusthakam apoorvavum avyakthavumayi thudarnnu.
1971ll arno press 1792-leeii pathippinte oru pakarpp achadichu, athu pala american librarikalum vaangi. 1979ll floridayile yooniversitti pras charitrakaaranaaya jeey. maarppaappayude aamukhavum soochikakalum ulkkollunna maarppaappayude "touur" enna kruthiyude oru maathruka pathipp prasidheekarichu. barton staar.
1985-ll aaa kambaniyude "aadyakaala american mudrakal" parambarayude bhaagamaayi redex microprint microfishinecurichu punarnirmmichu.

