
njaan

mesopotamian cunifom padangalude avasaanathil oru prathyayamaayi gadippichirikkunna oru bahuvachana roopamaanu cunifom mess allengil mess. oru perinte (pn, vyakthigatha namam allengil mattu) bhagamaayo allengil pradhana varggathe paraamarsikkunna pradhana aksharangalude (oru sumerogram roopathil) bhagamaayo, ithu saadhaaranayaayi mattu valia akshara sumerograamukalil ninnu oru kaalayalavinoppam verthirikkappedunnu. grouppinte peru, udaaharanathinu, cheria aksharangalil, pinthudaraan kazhiyum (purushanmaar-massu, amarna aksharam ea 365), luu.mess-maa-aas-zaa-mess, (koodaathe oru dvitheeya suffix mess upayogikkunnu, saadhaaranamalla).
mess cunifom oru lamba strockaanu, thudarnnu moonno naalo konukalulla cheria vedju strokkukalaanu. strockukal "konillathava" aayirikkam, pakshe 45 digri vedjukal cherutho valutho aakam. udaaharanathinu, faravonodulla asiru enna amarna aksharam iii. eiii 161, thudarchayaayi pattikappedutthiyirikku aarr thayyaareduppu enangalude oru parambara kaanikkunnu. thaazhepparayunna vedjukal (mess allengil sumerogram.vedjukal valuthaanu, ezhuthukaarikku oru scribbing bays line undu, athu lambamaya strockine pinthudarunnu, vedjukal thudarchayaayi sthaapikkunna oru adisthaanarekha. avasaanathe moonnaamatheyo naalaamatheyo vedjinu mukaliloode vyaapichukidakkunna adisthaana 'bakkiyullava' iii. eiii. 161 kaanikkunnu.
amarna aksharangalile mattoru saadhaarana bahuvachanam haay aanu.a,, vyakthiparamaaya perukalilum (abdi-heba) bahuvachanathilum kaanapedunnu.
amarna aksharangalude upayogam, gilgaameshinte ithihaasam.
gilgaameshinte ithihaasathil (gulikakal aii-sii) "mess" adayaalam thaazhepparayunna reethiyil upayogikkunnu "mess", 8 thavana, "mess", 253 thavana.
amarna aksharangalil, "mess" adayaalam palappozhum aalukale allengil aalukalude tharangale paraamarsikkunnu, ennaal mattoru saadhaarana upayogam kurr aanu.ennirunnaalum, "bhoomi" allengil pradeshangal palappozhum nagara-samsthaanangalude 'govarnarmaar' charcha cheiyunnathinaal (saadhaaranayaayi nagaratthinte 'manushyan' ennu vilikkunnu).
njaan, cunifom "njaan", + cunifom "ezz".
mess" adayaalam 1.--me (cunifom) aayi kanakkakkaam. .(thirascheenamaaya "adisthaanarekha"), 2.--with 3 lamba vedjukal., (e Es (cunifom)).
staanderdil ninnulla oru prathyeka vyathiyaanam ea 153 (ea 153, metropolittan museum) ll kaanaan kazhiyum, avide "mess" ennathinte anchu upayogangal 1-vedju (allengil legature cheytha 2-veju) adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu; ithu oru vedjinu ekadesham iprakaaramaanu, avaa "armimes" ennathinu erim aayi upayogikkunnu.mess (ea 153:8,11), "purushanmaar", luu.mess (ea 153:9), "foots" (ea 153:3), "kappalukal" (ea 153:10).
athaayath, 2 adisthaana shailikal.
rund adisthaana tharam "mess" adayaalangal onnukil lambamaya strokkinethudarnnu thirascheenamaayi itta vedjukalaayo allengil oru koniloode, eathu thalatthilulla konilum, mukalilekku, ennaal sthiramaaya valippathilulla vedjukalaayo prakadippikkunnu.
thirascheenamaaya aditharayil alekhanam cheythirikkunna vedjukal pole, valia lambamaya strockine pinthudarnnu vedjukal saadhaaranayaayi kendreekrithamaanu; thirascheenamaaya adithara ellaayppozhum lambamaya strockinte madhyabhaagathalla. thaazhepparayunna vedjukal onnukil poornna valuppamullavayaan (allengil chilappol valuppameriyathaanu); vedjukal chilappol muzhuvan 3/4 veju allengil 1/2 veju ennivayekkaal ethra sathamaanam kuravaanengilum aayirikkum.
angled vedjukal palappozhum valare cheruthaanu, randara muthal moonnilonnu vare. valippam. sthala parigananakalkkayi, angled vedjukal valare uyarnna konullathum lambamayirikkunnathum angane "thirashcheena vaachaka idam" laabhikkunnathum pakaram, vedjukal akalam palikkunnathum kooduthal 'line-tekst-space' upabhogam anuvadikkunnathumaayirikkum.
oru udaaharanam amarna aksharam "thirashcheena", "angled vedju" ennee rund padaprayogangalude samyojanamaanu. ea 153-ll lambamaya strockil nirmmicha "mess" adayaalam undu, thudarnnu "1-thirashcheena", "2-angle strockukal" enniva ekadesham 45 digriyil sthaapichittundu. (thirashcheenamaayath athil sthaapichirikkunna konukalulla vedjukalkku "oru 'adrishya' allengil 'thiruthiyezhuthappetta' adithara" aakam. 153ll adisthaana rekhayaaya "head" aadyathe vedju-(noonn-angle) aayi upayogikkunnu, thudarnnu angle vedju-2 umm vedju-3 umm upayogikkunnu.)
amarna aksharangal aksharangal anusarichu tharamthirikkunnu.
thirascheenamaaya, dablyu/3-4-vedjukal
konukalulla 3,4-vejukal

