chaatham maanar

fredericksburginu athirvashathulla virjeeniyayile stafford kaundiyile rapahannokku nadiyil ekadesham moonnu varshathe nirmmaanathinu sesham 1771 ll karshakan raashtrathanthranjanumaaya vilyam fitshog poortthiyaakkiya oru georgian shailiyilulla maalikayaan chaatham maanar. oru noottaandilereyaayi ithu oru valia, abhivridhi praapikkunna thottatthinte kendravum jorjju washington, thomas jefezhsan, ebraham linkon, dwait dii ennivar sandarshicha amerikkayile eaka swakaarya vasathiyumaayirunnu. isenhover.
puthiya raajyathinte vamseeya samgharshangalum chaatham prathiphalippichu. 1805 januvariyil, oru cheria adima kalaapathil chaatthatthinte adimakal avarude melnottakkaraneyum sahayikaleyum keezhadakkukayum chaattavaaradikkukayum cheythu. veluthavarude oru sayudha samgham vegathil othukoodi. aakramanathil avar oru adimaye kollukayum pidikoodunnathil ninnu rakshappedaan shramicha rund perr koodi marikkukayum cheythu. mattu rund adimakale caribean allengil louisianayilekku naadukadatthukayum fitshog taamasiyaathe aaa vasthu vilkkukayum cheythu.
anchu pathittaandukalkk sesham, 1857-ll, udama hannah johns coulter (jaanett enna vaikalyamulla makalude 77 kaariyaya amma) marikkukayum makalkkum adimakalkkum vendi saadhanangal thayyarakkiya sesham thante 93 adimakale mochippikkaan sramikkukayum cheythu. dred scott theerumaanathinu sesham, adimakalaayi thudaranamo atho mattoru samsthaanathu svayam sthaapikkaan mathiyaya swaathanthryavum panavum labhikkanamo ennu thiranjedukkaan adimakalkku niyamaparamaayi kazhivillennu avakaashappett avarude bandhukkal cases phayal cheythu. hannayude uddeshyaprakaaram adimakale mochippikkanamennu praadeshika jadjimar karuthiyappol, bhinnicha virgenia supreme kodathi viyojichu. angane, executermaar chaatham athinte adimakalodoppam jeey. kku vittu. hooras lassie (hannayude valare ilaya ardhasahodari bettiyude bharthaav). ennirunnaalum, taamasiyaathe oru adimaye tanikkum avalude cheria kudumbatthinum swaathanthryam vaangunnathinaayi panam swaroopikkaan yaatra cheyyaan anuvadikkukayum athil vijayikkukayum cheythu.
american aabhyantharayudhakaalathu, laasikal chaatham upekshichu. fredericksburghine abhimukeekarikkunna athinte thanthraparamaaya saitt hrasvamaayi yuu.ezz. konfedarettu thalasthaanathekkulla yaathraamadhye thanthrapradhaanamaaya virgenia nagaratthinteyum spottlewania kaundiyudeyum niyanthranathinulla yudhangalil sainika aasthaanavum pinneedu pradhana union ashupatriyum aayi. yudhakaala upayogavum upayogashoonyathayum kaaranam chaatham ganyamaaya kedupaadukalkk vidheyanaayi. 1872-ll laashikal aathyanthikamayi nikuthi adaykkunnathinaayi (avarude mattu estettaaya elwood maanar ulppede) chaatham vittu. irupathaam noottaand sambannaraaya american udamakalude oru parambara aarambhichathinal naashatthil ninnu rakshapetta chaatham naveekarikkappedukayum oru pradarshanavasthuvaayi maarukayum cheythu. 1975ll desheeyodyaana sevanathinaayi eee estettu thiranjedutthappol ippol fredericksburginteyum spottlewania deseeya sainika udyaanathinteyum aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkunnu.
antibellum.
1771ll avasaanicha moonnu varshathinide dhanikanaya abhibhashakanum plaantarumaaya vilyam fitshog chaathatthil pradhana veedu nirmmikkaan dhanasahayam nalki. adimakalaakkappetta thozhilaallikal nirmmicha eee veettil niravadhi vasthuvidyaa savisheshathakal pradarshippikkunnu, prathyekichu fredericksburgile nadikku kuruke ninnu kaanaan uddeshichulla munvashatho nadiyude theeratho.
chaathatthil ninnu rappahannokk nadikku thottaduthulla jorjju washingtonte kudumbatthinte krishiyidamaayirunnu fitshog. addeham chaathatthil pathivayi athidhiyaayirunnuvennu washingtoninte dayarikal rekhappeduthunnu. american viplavathinu munbu adhehavum fitshog burgessinte veettil orumichu sevanamanushtikkukayum krishiyodum kuthirakalodum sneham pankidukayum cheythirunnu. fitshooginte makal mollie aadyathe presidentinte randaanachanaaya jorjju washington paarkk kasttisine vivaham kazhikkukayum avalude suhruthu aan randolf meed pejinoppam oru pramukha unmoolanavaadiyaayi maarukayum cheythu. aan pejinte estettil janicha avarude makal merii anna pinneedu bhaaviyile konfedarettu general roobert iii. yeei vivaham kazhichu. bharthruveettukaarude maranashesham kasttis adimakale executoraayi mochippicha liie.
oru thottavum millum oru rays track ulppedunna eee thottatthil fitshooginte kuthirakal sammaanathukaykaayi mattu thottakkaarude kuthirakalumayi malsarichu. viplava yudhathinu munbu american kolanikkaar kaivashappedutthiya pala abhipraayangalum uyarthikkattiya chaathatthile onnaam eal aaya britiish paarlamenteriyan vilyam pittinte peraanu fitshog eee bhavanathinu nalkiyathu. pradhana veedinu chuttum dussen kanakkinu pinthunaa gadanakal undaayirunnu adima kwartezhs, oru ksheerakarshakar, aise house, kalappurakal, stabilukal, koodaathe nadiyil sthaapichirikkunna malsya kenikal.
kolsinte keezhil sevanamanushticha mejar charchil jonsinu fitshog chaatham thottangal vittu. vilyam washington jenanum. "laitt hozhs" haari liie. prayamaaya fitshog pinneedu virjeeniyayile alexandriayile oru sitti housilekku thamasam maari. sinsinnaatti sosaittiyile amgamaayirunna johns estettu ganyamaayi mechappeduthukayum rappahannokk nadiyilekku terresukal cherkkukayum aaa nadikku kuruke frederixburgilake aadyathe paalam nirmmikkukayum cheythu. paalam nirmmikkaan onnara varshameduthenkilum 1826 leeii vellappokkathil, charchil johns marichu moonnu varshathilere kazhinjappol, athu ozhukippoyi. charchilinte sahodaran vilyam jonsinu deerghakaalamaayi spottlewania kaundiyil elwood maanar enna oru estettu undaayirunnu, 40 varshathe bhaarya maricha samayat chaatham paarambaryamaayi labhichu. vilyaminte aadya bhaaryayude makalaayirunnu hannah johns coulter. 1825-ll avarude aadya bharthaav marichathinushesham, avar moonnu thavana vidhava virgenia appeel kodathi jadjiyumaaya joonn coultere (1771-1838) vivaham kazhichu. avarude vivaha sammaanamaayi avarkk chaathatthinu pathram labhichu. athesamayam, 78 kaaranaya vilyam johns thante antharicha bhaaryayude anantharavalaaya lucie gordane punarvivaham cheythu. avarude 18 varshathe vivaahathil betti charchil johns enna oru makal janichu, avar 1848-ll thante muun adthyaapakanaaya oru presbytarian manthriyude makanaaya jaims hooras lassi vivaham kazhichu.
thaan aathidheyathvam vahichathin perukettathaayirunnu thomas jefezhsanum jaims monroyum pinneedu washington irvingineppole palappozhum chaatham sandarshichirunnu. jorjju washington enna thante bahumanyanaaya jeevacharithrathekkurichu gaveshanam nadathave irving randuthavana sandarshichu. vilyam henry harrison joonn tylor 1841ll presidentum vais prasidantumaayi udghaadanathinulla yaathraamadhye sandarshichu.
hannah avarude vaikalyamulla makal jaanattum avarude avasana bharthaavine ekadesham rund pathittaandolam athijeevichu. sambannayaaya vidhava thante makalude paricharanam nalkaanum avalude kudumbatthile bharanadhikaariyaaya chalsineyum mattu 92 adimakaleyum avalude ishtaprakaaram mochippikkaanum shramichu. ennirunnaalum, 1851 leeii virgenia bharanaghadanayum (muun virgenia niyamangalum) manushyavalkkarikkappett adimakal oru varshathinullil samsthaanam vidaan aavashyappedunnu, athinaal (avasaanathe yuu.ezz. orotta adimaykku vendi supreme kodathi justice joonn marshell), kanyakayil adimakalaayi thudaraan (ennaal avarude yajamaanathimaare/yajamananmare thiranjedukkuka) allengil oru cheria ohari thiranjedukkaan hannah avarkk oro adimakalkkum (chaals ozhike, avar poornnamaayum mochitharaayi) nalki. adimakal ozhikeyulla avarude estettinte moolyam 15,000 muthal 20,000 dollar vare aayirunnu, athinaal avaa nalkaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, avarude executor (orupakshe bettiyudeyum bharthaavinteyum dhairyathaal) avarude chumathalakalekkurichu kodathi nirddesham thedi. praadeshika stafford kodathi adimakale mochippikkanamennu karuthiyappol virgenia supreme kodathi viyojichu. vilyamsan vii. coulter, "14 graattan 394 (1858), moonnu jadjimaaril bhooribhaagavum hannayude vaseeyathnangal uyarthippidikkaahilagrah, ennirunnaalum aval marikkunnathin thottumunbu, manushyanirmithiye uyarthippidikkaanulla mattoru sameepakaala theerumaanathe marikadakkaan aval will parishkarichirunnu (" bailey vii. poindexterinte "executor"). avalude ayalkkaranaaya justice richard sii.ell. monkyoor shakthamayi viyojichu, justice samuals chernnu taamasiyaathe marichu. ekadesham 35,000 dollarinu lassie chaatham vaangiyenkilum 1872-ll athu oru pensylvania bankerk 23,900 dollarinu vittu.
chaathatthile adimatham.
fitshog 100-ladhikam aalukale adimakalaakkukayum 49,000 ekkar bhoomi (chaathatthil ekadesham 6000 ulppede) svanthamaakkukayum cheythu, seasonine aashrayich chaathatthil 60 muthal 90 vare upayogikkunnu. mikkavarum vayal velakkaaraayo veettujolikkaaraayo jolie cheythirunnuvenkilum addeham millermar, marappanikkar, kammukaar thudangiya vidagdha vyaapaarikaleyum niyamichu. adimakalaakkappetta aalukal evideyaanu thaamasichathennu kaanikkan bhauthika thelivukal kuravaanu; adutha kaalam vare, chaathatthile adimakalekkurichulla mikka arivum rekhaamoolamulla rekhakalil ninnullathaayirunnu.
1805 januvariyil, chrismus avadhi divasangalkku sesham valare vegam ennu karuthiyirunna joliyilekku adimakale thirike konduvaraan oru melnottakkaaran utharavittathinethudarnn niravadhi chaatham adimakal kalapam nadatthi. adimakal thangalude melnottakkaraneyum avare joliyilekku thirike kondupokaan shramicha mattu naalu pereyum adichamarthi. oru sayudha seena kalaapathe adichamarthukayum athil ulppettavare shikshikkukayum cheythu. oru karuthavarggakkaarane vadhichu, rakshappedaan shramikkunnathinide rund perr marichu, mattu rund pere orupakshe caribean allengil louisianayile oru adima kolaniyilekku naadukadatthi.
vilyam charchil thante vidhavayaya makal hannaik moonnu thavana vidhavayaya jadji joonn coulterinum vivaha sammaanamaayi chaatham nalki. 1838-ll coulter marichu, athinaal punarvivaham cheyyaatha (akkaalat vivahitharaaya sthreekalkku avarude bharthakkanmaar vazhi maathrame swath kaivasham vaykkaan kazhiyoo) bhaarya hannaik chaatham kaimari. 1850 leeii sensus prakaram hannah coulter 51 pere adimakalaakkukayum, oru adimatha virudha reethikkariyenna nilayil, avalude antharicha bharthaavil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, 1857 ll avalude maranashesham avalude ishtaprakaaram adimakale mochippikkaan sramikkukayum cheythu. hannayude ishtam avalude adimakalkku mochitharaavaanum ohiyo polulla oru swatantra samsthaanathekku allengil liberiayilekku kudiyeraanum, panam nalkano allengil avar thiranjedukkunna avalude (koolttarude) kudumbamgangalil aarkkenkilum adimakalaayi thudaraano ulla oopshan nalki.
ennirunnaalum, 1848-ll, hannayude valare ilaya ardhasahodari betti jeey. yeei vivaham kazhichu. spottlewania kaundiyile marubhoomi pradeshathu thekk bhagathaayi elwood thottatthile sambannanaaya bisinasukaaranum adimayum aaya hooras lassie. kodathi nirddesham thedaan vilppanayude executermaare lassie bodhyappedutthi. stafford kodathi eee nirodhanangal sharivechu, ennaal virgenia appeel kodathi (virgenia supreme kodathiyude samayathe peru) 3 muthal 2 vareyulla theerumaanatthil 92 vyavasthaapitha nirodhanangal asadhuvaakki (chaalsinte samboornna nirodhanathe maathram uyarthippidichu). uyarthippidichu) yuu. esinte "dred scott" theerumaanam vidhikkunnathiloode kodathi kalkkarikkachavadakkaarude adimakalkku swaathanthryathinulla oru avasaravum nishedhichu.ezz. adimakalaakkappettavar swathaanennum avarkk ishtamulla aalukalallennum supreme kodathi prakhyaapichirunnu.
chaatham" enna sthalathe oru alakkuppanikkariyaaya ellen michel sreemathikku ariyukayum avale aasrayikkukayum cheythirunnu. coulterinte manushyanirmmaanathinulla vaagdaanam. laasiyude kodathi cases avalude swaathanthryam eduthukalanjappol, roshakulanaaya michel, eee nishedham ethratholam anyaayamaanennu urakke prakhyaapichu, prathyekichu louisianayile monroyile oru thottatthilekku ayaykkappedumennu aval bhayapettu. avalil ninnu mochanam nedunnathinaayi (aval prathinidheekaricha prashnam), lassie avale fredericksburgile oru adima vyaapaariyaaya jaims alarinu vittu. thante palliyil sajeevamaaya micheline enthucheyyanamennu ariyaatha alar, 1860-nte thudakkathil fredericksburgil ninnu oru paryadanatthil 90 divasathe paas anuvadichu, aaa samayat avalum avarude oru makan 1000 dollarinu avarude swaathanthryam vaangaan panam swaroopikkaan shramichu. washington sitti, baltimore, philadelphia, newyork, boosttan ennividangalile pallikalilum rashtreeya grouppukalilum avar prasamgichu, frederixburgilake madangaanum swantham swaathanthryavum makkaludeyum swaathanthryavum vaangaanum mathiyaya panam samaaharichu. lassie, mathippulavaakki, michellinte ammaye mochippichu. michel kudumbam swathanthramaayi sinsinnaattiyilekku thamasam maari (athaayath.iii., adimatham nirodhicha) ohiyo samsthaanam. thaamasikkunnath sensus prakaram ellen michel oru alakku bisinesses nadathunnayalaayi pattikappedutthiyirunnu. innu, avalude pingaamikalil chilar ippozhum ohiyoyile aaa pradeshathaanu thaamasikkunnath.
thaamasikkunnath sensus soochippikkunnathu, lessie 39 pere chaathatthilum 49 pere thante elwood thottatthilum adimakalaakkiyennum chilare thaan vaadakaykku eduthirunnuvennum soochippikkunnu. adimathathinte thurannuparachilukaaranaaya lassie konfedarettu sainyathil cherukayum mejar padaviyilekku uyarukayum cheythu; addehathinte sahodaran beverley tucker lassie (oru presbytarian mantri) general stonvaal jaaksante chaplainaayirunnu, addehathinte muricha kaii hannah coulterude shavakudeerathinaduthulla elwood thottatthil samskarichu. chaathatthil munbu adimakalaakkappetta kuranjathu rund perenkilum yuu. esil sevanamanushtichu.ezz. yudhathil ninnu rakshappettathum, chaals mulappichathum andrew neythukaaranum, oru konfedarettu skauttaayi sevanamanushtichirikkaam. angane, 1865-ll aabhyantharayudhathinte falamaayi, sthaapanathe nirthalaakkiya bharanaghadanaa bhedagathi paasaakkiyathode chaatthatthile adimatham avasaanichu.
naashanal paarkk sarvees charitrakaaranmaarum mattullavarum muun adima kwartezhs kandethaan gaveshanam thudarunnu. chuvade charcha cheythathupole, aabhyantharayudhasamayathu swathinu valia thothil kedupaadukal sambhavichu. 1862ll aabhyantharayudhasamayathu oru union nyoojezhsi sainikan varacha oru rekhaachithrathil, charitrakaaranmaar mikka adimaveettukalum estettinte "pinbhaagatho" feeld side eriyayilo aayirikkaamenn oohaapohangal thudangumbozhekkum valarekkalam kazhinjupoya chila kettidangal chaatham saittile kaanikkunnu. adimakaalam muthal eee pradesham krishi cheyyappettirunnu, irupathaam noottaandil avide puthiya kettidangal nirmikkappettu. aduthide kandethiya rekhaachithram menor housinte thekk bhaagathulla, vasthuvinte madhyabhaagathu ninnu akaleyulla oru malayidukkinu kurukeyulla oru pradeshathe gadanakal kaanikkunnu. pazhaya photographukalude veendum parishodhikkunnath aaa pradeshathe gadanakalude mangiya melkoora kaanikkunnu, ithu munbu sthireekarikkappedaatha adimaveettukalude sthaanam soochippikkaam.
american aabhyantharayudham.
aabhyantharayudham chaathatthinu maattavum nashavum konduvannu. mukalil charcha cheythathupole, charchil jonsinte anantharavalaaya jaims hooras laasiyude (1823-1906) udamasthathayilullathaayirunnu eee veedu. oru thottakkaaranenna nilayil, lassie thekkott sahathapam prakadippikkukayum 37-aamm vayassil staaf offeesaraayi konfedarasiye sevikkunnathinaayi addeham chaatham vidukayum cheythu. general gustavas dablyu. yude staafil addeham sevanamanushtichu. ezhu pines yudhathil smith trans-mississippi vakuppil feeld transportation inspectoraayum sevanamanushtichu. 1862 leeii vasanthakaalam vare addehathinte bharya kuttikalum chaathatthil thudarnnu, union sainikarude varavu avare kettidam upekshichu udan thanne prathisandhiyilaya fredericksburgile bandhukkalodoppam nadikku kuruke thamasam maranum pinneedu athu pulaski kaundiyilekku veezhaanum nirbandhitharaakki.
adutha pathimoonnu maasangalil bhooribhaagavum, union aarmiyude kaivashamaayirunnu; utharavukal, reportukal, kathukal enniva athine "lassie house" ennu paraamarshichu. vadakkan udyogasthar thudakkathil eee maalika oru aasthaanamaayi upayogichirunnu. 1862 eprilil general irvin mcdowell 30,000 pere frederixburgilake konduvarikayum richmond, fredericksburg, potomac railway ennivayude attakuttappanikalkkum chaathatthil ninnu rappahannokk nadikku kuruke niravadhi paalangalude nirmmaanathinum melnottam vahikkukayum cheythu. puthiya paalangal upayogichu thekkott march cheyyaanum richmandinu purathu pottomaakkinte sainyavumayi cherkkanum mcdowell padhathiyittu.
president ebraham linkon frederixburgilake yaatra cheyyukayum eee prasthaanathekkurichu mcdovalumaayi charcha nadathukayum generalumaayum addehathinte jeevanakkarumaayum chaathatthil koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum cheythu. linken washington sandarshicha moonnu veedukalil onnaanenna padavi addehathinte sandarshanam chaathatthinu nalki (mattu rund veedukal richmandinu kizhakkayi jaims nadiyile moundu vernon, berkley thottangal ennivayaanu.) chaathatthil aayirikkumbol, linkon frederixburgilake pooyi, athinte theruvukalil nadakkukayum, pinneedulla yudhathil "meriyude uyarangal" ennariyappedunna oru newyork rejimentil camp cheyyukayum cheythu.
linkante sandarshanathinu ezhu maasangalkk sesham fredericksburgil veendum poraattam pottipurappettu. 1862 novemberil general ambrose iii. pottomaakkinte 120,000 anga sainyathe benzide frederixburgilake konduvannu. pondoon paalangal upayogichu, kathunna bhagam chaadatthinu thaazheyulla rappahannokk nadhi kadakkukayum fredericksburg pidichedukkukayum pattanatthinu pinnilulla uyarnna nilam kaivashappedutthiya leeyude konfedarettukalkkethire raktharookshithamaaya aakramanangalude oru parambara aarambikkukayum cheythu. bensaidinte unnatha generalukalil oralaaya edwin sumner, yuu aayirikkumbol chaathatthil ninnu yuddham nireekshichu.ezz. peeranki baattarikal aduthulla bluffle ninnu konfedarettukale shellakramanam cheythu. koodaathe, chaathaminte pultthakidiyile oru jarmman sainika nireekshakanaaya kaundu sepellin, yuddham nireekshikkaan oru sainikanodoppam oru rahasyaanveshana baloon ayachu, eee sambhavam addeham pinneedu thante vimana factory aarambhichathinusesham palappozhum vivarichu.
fredericksburg yuddham oru vinashakaramaaya union parajayamaayi maari. 12, 600 perkku pollalettu, avaril palareyum paricharanatthinaayi chaathamilekkum aduthulla konve housilekkum (faalmouthu, virgenia) thirike konduvannu. divasangalolam, armi sarjanmaar veedinullile noorukanakkinu sainikare shasthrakriyaykk vidheyaraakki. kavi walt vitmaan, clara barton (pinneedu anthaaraashtra redu krosinte american chaapttar sthaapicha), doow. merii edwards wacker (2015 leeii kanakkanusarichu eaka vanitha medel oof oonar nalki).
pooraattatthil parikketta oru sahodarane thirayukayaayirunnu vitmaan. aaa koottakkola addehathe njettichu. pinneedu addeham oru prasidheekaricha vivaranam ezhuthi, veedinu purathu, oru maratthinte adivaarathil, "murichumaattappetta kaalukal, kaalukal, kaikal, kaikal muthalaayavayude koombaaram" addeham shradhichu.-oru kuthira vandikkulla oru looad. niravadhi mrithadehangal aduthu kidakkunnu, oronnum thavittuniratthilulla kambili puthapp kondu pothinjirikkunnu ", addeham koottichertthu."130 ladhikam union sainikar chaathatthil marikkukayum thudakkathil avare eee maitanath samskarikkukayum cheythu. yudhaanantharam avarude mrithadehangal fredericksburg deseeya semitheriyilekku maatti. varshangalkk sesham, moonnu mrithadehangal koodi kandethiyappol, avashishtangal veendum prashasthamaaya poonthottangalude praanthapradeshathulla chaathatthil, graanait kallukalaal adayaalappeduthiya shavakudeerangalil, nilathu pothinja nilayil kuzhichumoodappettu.
yudhathinu sheshamulla shaithyakaalath yuu.ezz. chaathatthinu pinnilulla stafford kaundiyil sainyam camp cheythu. konfedarettu sainyam nadikku kuruke spottlewania kaundi pidichedutthu. ethir pikkattukal avarude shathruvine shradhaapoorvvam nireekshichukondu naditirat patrolling nadatthi. idaykkide purushanmaar cherukida paaykkappalukal upayogichu pathrangalum mattu lekhanangalum vyapaaram cheiyumaayirunnu. deutyilillaathappol, union pikkattukal chaathatthil urangi; yunaittad stetts saanittari kammeeshante dorothea dicks veettil oru suupp adukkala nadatthi. shaithyakaalam purogamikkukayum viraku kuravaayitheerukayum cheythappol, chila sainikar indhanathinaayi chumarukalil ninnulla paanalukal keeri, adisthaana plaasttar thurannukaatti. paarkk sarvees staaf manassilakkiya adhika scrolukalkkoppam sainikarude chila pensil graafittikal ippozhum drishyamaanu.
vasanthakaalath sainika pravartthanangal punaraarambhichu. eprilil, puthiya union commander general joseph hooker, leeyude sainyathin pinnil kadannu sainyathinte bhooribhaagam nadhiyum nayichu. chaathamile joonn gibbansinte division ulppede mattu bhagangal stafford kaundiyil thudarnnu. hookarude pradhana senaye neridaan konfedarettukal march cheyyukayum chansalarsville ennariyappedunna oru raajya crossrodinu chuttum orazhcha poraattam nadathukayum cheythu. athe samayam, union sainikar fredericksburgil rapahannokku kadannu oru konfedarettu senaye meriyude uyarangalil ninnu pattanatthinu pinnil oodichu. oodichu samghattanathil union sainyam anubhavicha 1,000 maranangalil palathum veendum aashupathriyaayi pravarthicha chaathatthilekku thirichayachu.
yudhaananthara varshangal.
1865ll aabhyantharayudham avasaanikkumbozhekkum chaatham shoonyavum saaramaayi kedupaadukal sambhavichathumaayirunnu. 1865 novemberil laashikal thirichethiyappol 750 ladhikam glass paanalukal thakarnnu, tharayil rakthakkarakal kandethi, graafitti athinte nagnamaaya plaasttar mathilukal thakarthu, virakinu vendi interior wood paanalinginte bhooribhaagavum neekkam cheythu. koodaathe, chuttumulla vanangal indhanathinaayi vettikkuraykkukayum poonthottangalkkum niravadhi outbilidingukalkkum kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayo nasippikkappedukayo cheythu, pultthakidi oru shmashaanamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. avarude chila furnitureukal ozhippichenkilum gathagatha boat rappahannokkil mungi athinte bhooribhaagavum nashippichu. thudarnnulla varshangalil, federicksburgile puthiya deseeya semitheriyil punarsamskaaratthinaayi union shmashana corps poonthottangalil ninnum pultthakidiyil ninnum niravadhi sainikarude avashishtangal neekkam cheythu. adimakalillaathe avarude veedu shariyaayi paripalikkaan kazhiyaathe vanna avar 1872-ll "elwood" ennariyappedunna avarude veettilekku thamasam maarukayum oru pensylvania bankerk 23,900 dollarinu chaatham vilkkukayum cheythu. betti lessie fredericksburgile ladys memorial association sthaapikkaanum konfedarettu semiteri sthaapikkaanum sahayichu, avarude bharthaav yaatra cheyyukayum panam swaroopikkaan prasamgangal nadathukayum cheythu.
cheythu general danielle bradford (1860-1956) addehathinte bhaarya helen stuvarttum athinte punasthaapanam ettedukkukayum (kaaryamaaya mattangal varuthukayum cheythu) vare eee swathinu thudarchayaayi udamakalundaayirunnu. avarude punarudhaarana pravartthanangal nadiyude padinjaaran munvashath ninnu veedu punarnirmmichu (inii pradhana gathagatha margamalla); kizhakkan kavaadam pradhana praveshana kavaadamaayi maari, vaahanathiloode eluppathil athicheraam. kizhakk bhaagath prashastha landscape aarkkitekt ellen biddle shipman roopakalppana cheytha oru valia mathilukalulla engleesh shailiyilulla poonthottavum avar chertthu. bhakshakarude parishramangalude falamaayi, chaatham virjeeniyayile ettavum mikacha veedukalil athinte sthaanam veendeduthu. ennirunnaalum, 1931-ll chatham vitt avar washington dii. yilek maari.sii.avide avar oru tounhouse nirmmichu, pinneedu oru charitraparamaaya sthalavum (orikkal yuu. esinte cheef justicinte audyogika vasathiyayi maaraamenn vaagdaanam cheythu.ezz. supreme kodathi).
innu veedum parisara maithaanangalum pothujanangalkkayi thurannirikkunnu. avasaanathe swakaarya udamakalaaya northen neck native, general motozhs executive joonn liie praattum bharya 1931 ll 150,000 dollarinu chatham estettu (256 ekkaraayi churungi) bhakshakaril ninnu vaangi. avar viramikkaline uttu nokkukayaayirunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, president roosvelttinte "dollar-eiii-iyar" purushanmaaril oralaayi praatt sevanamanushtichu. sandarshaka janaralmaraya jorjju marshell, dwait isenhover ennivare sandarshakaraayi praatt kandumuttukayum cheythu, mattu palarkoppam, pradhaanamaayum washingtonil ninnu maari visramikkaanum thaaraavine vettayaadaanum pooyi. prattukal veettilekku viramikkukayum athu oru jolie cheiyunna "maanyanmaarude" krishiyidamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythathinaal avarude udamasthaavakaashakaalathu chaatthatthinte vyathyasam thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, 1968 vare addeham general motozhs board oof directormaaril thudarnnu.
1975ll prattinte maranashesham addeham paarkkukalkkayi stafford kaundikku maalikaykku chuttumulla bhoomiyum pradeshathe vaii. emm. sii. eiii. ykku oru valia bhaagavum nalki. ithu maanar housinum ekadesham chuttumulla naashanal paarkk sarveesinum (enn. pii. ezz) vittu, ithu fredericksburginteyum spottlewania naashanal milittari paarkkinteyum aasthaanamaayi upayogikkunnu.
nischitha samayangalil (oru vishadeekarana viidiyoo tourinoppam) anchu murikal (soujanya) myoosiyamaayi thurannirikkum; maithaanangal pothujanangalkkayi thurannirikkum. bakkiyulla veedukalum outtu buildingukalum bharanaparamaya offeesukalaayum attakuttappanikalkkull soukaryangalaayum pravartthikkunnu. 2014ll deseeya udyana sevanam chaathatthilekkum purathekkumulla kazhcha mechappeduthunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha marangal neekkam cheyyal nadatthi. ithu nagaratthil ninnulla veedinte drishyaparatha vardhippikkukayum aabhyantharayudhakaalathum muun pathittaandukalilum undaayirunna kazhcha punasthaapikkukayum cheythu.
2012 muthal 501 (sii) 3 laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna samghadanayaaya fronds oof chaatham charitraparamaaya bhavanavum athinte maithaanavum samrakshikkunnathinu adhika pinthuna nalkiyittundu. praadeshika rottari, garden klabbukalumaayi pankaalitthatthode, vipulamaaya poonthotta paripalanavum thottangalum nalkikkond fronds group enn. pii. ezz-bajatt sevanangal nalkunnu. poonthottangalude arikilulla 1940-kalile venalkkaala veedinteyum nagaratthe abhimukeekarikkunna manoharamaaya oru gasboyil oru paan prathimayudeyum attakuttappanikal etteduthittundu, 2002-ll ithu nasippikkappedukayum yadhaartha veettileyum outtu bildingukalileyum 80-ladhikam janaalakalum nannakkaan thudangukayum cheythu.

