
tercom

pradhaanamaayum cruis misailukal upayogikkunna oru naavigeshan samvidaanamaanu terrain kondoor matching allengil tercom. oonn-board radar altimetettar upayogichu parakkunna samayat nadatthiya alavukalumayi thaarathamyappeduthunna bhoopradeshathinte oru kondoor mapp ithu upayogikkunnu. inertial naavigeshan sistangalumaayi (ins) thaarathamyappeduthumbol oru tercom samvidaanam misailinte krithyatha ganyamaayi vardhippikkunnu. vardhicha krithyatha oru tercom sajjeekaricha misail thadassangalkku aduthum pothuve kuranja uyarathilum parakkaan anuvadikkunnu, ithu graundu radar vazhi kandethunnathu budhimuttaakkunnu.
vivaranam.
opttikkal kondoor matching.
mgm-13 gadaykkaayulla goodier aircraft korppareshan attren ("automatic terrain recognission aandu naavigeshan") samvidaanamaayirunnu ariyappedunna aadyakaala tercom samvidaanam. 1952 augustil eyar metteeriyal command mgm-1 maattadorumaayi good iyar attraante samyojanam aarambhichu. eee inacheral 1954 juunil oru ulppaadana kararinu kaaranamaayi. attraan jaam cheyyaan budhimuttaayirunnu, kaazhchayude paridhi anusarichu paridhi parimithappedutthiyittilla, pakshe radar maappukalude labhyatha kaaranam athinte paridhi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. kaalakramena, topographic maappukalil ninnu radar maappukal nirmmikkunnath saadhyamaayi.
bhoopadangal thayyaaraakkunnathin oru vimaanathil vazhi parathendathundu. vimaanathile oru radar oru nischitha konilekk sajjeekarikkukayum munvashathe bhoomiyude thirashcheena scanukal nadathukayum cheythu. ritten signalinte samayam landformilekkulla paridhi soochippikkukayum oru amplitude modulated (aam) signal srishtikkukayum cheythu. ithu oru prakasha srothassilekku ayaykkukayum 35 emm philimil record cheyyukayum cheythu, chithram munnott kondupookukayum soochippicha samayangalil oru chithram edukkukayum cheythu. onniladhikam misailukalil upayogikkunnathinaayi chithram prosess cheyyaanum pakarthaanum kazhiyum.
misailil samanamaaya oru radar athe signal nirmmichu. randaamathe samvidaanam oru photosellinu ethire philim frameukal scan cheyyukayum samanamaaya oru aam signal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. lalithamaaya electronics vazhi eluppathil edukkaan kazhiyunna thelicham athivegam marria scanile pooyintukal thaarathamyam cheiyunnathiloode, paathu finding vimanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol misailinte idathu-valath paatha thaarathamyam cheyyaan systethinu kazhiyum. rund signalukal thammilulla pishakukal misail athinte prograam cheytha flaitt paathayilekku thirike konduvaraan aavashyamaaya autopylattile thiruthalukalkku kaaranamaayi.
uyaram poruthappedutthal.
aadhunika tercom samvidaanangal vyathyasthamaaya oru ashayam upayogikkunnu, misail parakkunna bhoomiyude uyarathe adisthaanamaakki misailinte radar altimetettar upayogichu alakkukayum misail avionics memmariyil sambharichirikkunna munkootty record cheytha bhoopradesha uyaram maappukalude alavukalumayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. tercom "maappukal" oru prathyeka valuppathilulla chathurangalude oru parambara ulkkollunnu. kuranja ennam valia chathurangal upayogikkunnathu krithyatha kurayunnathinte chelavil memory laabhikkunnu. radar mapping upagrahangalil ninnulla daattayil ninnaan atharam bhoopadangalude oru parambara nirmmikkunnath. vellathinu mukaliloode parakkumbol, kondoor maappukalkk pakaram kaanthikakshethra maappukal sthaapikkunnu.
oru radar altimetettar misailum bhoopradesavum thammilulla dooram alakkunnathinaal, samudranirappumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol kevala uyaramalla, daattayile pradhana alavu chathuratthil ninnu chathuratthilekkulla uyarathile maattamaan. misailinte radar altimetettar alavukal oru cheria bufferilake nalkunnu, athu idaykkide alavukal oru nischitha kaalayalavil "gettu" cheyyukayum orotta alavu undakkaan avaye sharashari cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. bufferil sookshichirikkunna atharam samkhyakalude shreni maappukalil sookshichirikkunnathinu samanamaaya alavukalude oru strip srishtikkunnu. bufferile maattangalude parambara pinneedu bhoopadatthile moolyangalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum uyarathile mattangal samanamaaya pradeshangal tirayukayum cheiyunnu. ithu oru sthalavum dishayum srishtikkunnu. misailinte parakkal paatha sariyaakkaan maarganirddesha samvidaanathinu eee vivarangal upayogikkaam.
lakshyathilekkulla parakkalinte cruis bhaagath, bhoopradesha savisheshathakal ozhivakkaan maathram sisttathinte krithyatha mathiyakum. eee pradeshangalil thaarathamyena kuranja resolutionulla maappukal undakkaan ithu anuvadikkunnu. terminal sameepanathinulla bhoopadatthinte bhagam maathrame uyarnna resolution ulloo, saadhaaranayaayi saattalait mapping systethinu labhyamaya ettavum uyarnna resolutionukalil encode cheyyappedum.
karshakar.
1960 kalilum 70 kalilum maas storeju upakaranagalil labhyamaya parimithamaaya memory avayude mandagathiyilulla praveshana samayavum kaaranam, oru misail valippathilulla paakkejil sambharikkaan kazhiyunna bhoopradesha daattayude alavu muzhuvan parakalum ulkkollaan kazhiyaathathra cheruthaanu. pakaram, bhoopradesha vivarangalude cheria paachukal sambharikkukayum oru parambaraagatha jadatwa plaattphom update cheyyaan idaykkide upayogikkukayum cheythu. tercom, inertial naavigeshan enniva samyojippikkunna eee samvidaanangale chilappol tercom aided inertial naavigeshan systethinaayi tains ennu vilikkunnu.
nettangal.
tercom samvidaanangalkku parakkalinte dairkhyathe adisthaanamaakkaatha krithyatha vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinte nettamundu; oru inertial sisttam oru "phix" nuu sesham pathukke neengunnu, kooduthal doorathekku athinte krithyatha kuravaanu. tercom samvidaanangalkku parakkunna samayat sthiramaaya pariharangal labhikkunnu, athinaal avaykku oru drifttum illa. ennirunnaalum, avayude samboornna krithyatha saadhaaranayaayi meterukalude paridiyilulla radar mapping vivarangalude krithyathayeyum resolution vardhikkumbol vegathil altimetettar daatta maappumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyaanulla prosessorinte kazhivineyum adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. ithu saadhaaranayaayi aadya thalamura tercom samvidaanangale noorukanakkinu meter kramatthil lakshyamidunnathilekku parimithappedutthukayum avaye aanavaayudhangalude upayogathilekku parimithappedutthukayum cheiyunnu. parambaraagatha aayudhangalude upayogathinu kooduthal krithyatha aavasyamaanu, ithu adhika terminal maarganirddesha samvidaanangal aavashyappedunnu.
poraaymakal.
akkaalathe parimithamaaya dattaa sambharanavum computing samvidaanangalum ardhamaakkunnathu athinte vikshepana pooyint ulppede muzhuvan rootum munkootty aasoothranam cheyyendathundu ennaanu. apratheekshithamaya oru sthalathu ninnu misail vikshepicho allengil valare akale ninnu parannupoyo cheythaal, athu orikkalum bhoopadangalil ulppeduthiyittulla savisheshathakalkk mukaliloode parakkukayilla, nashtappedum. aadyathe paachinte pothuvaaya pradeshathekku parakkaan anuvadikkunna ins systethinu sahayikkaan kazhiyum, pakshe motha pishakukal thiruthaan kazhiyilla. eathu sthalathuninnum eathu sthalatheyum akramikkaan sajjamakkaan kazhiyunna gps polulla aadhunika samvidaanangale apekshichu aadyakaala tercom adhishtitha samvidaanangal valare kuravaayirunnu, koodaathe munkootty record cheytha vivarangal aavasyamilla, athaayath vikshepanathinu thottumunbu avaykku avarude lakshyangal nalkaan kazhiyum.
computingileyum memoryileyum mechappeduthalukal, aagola digital elevation maappukalude labhyatha enniva eee prashnam kurachittundu, kaaranam tercom daatta inii cheria paachukalil maathram parimithappedunnilla, koodaathe side-looking radaarinte labhyatha sambharicha kondoor daattayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthunnathi landscape kondoor daattayude valare valia pradeshangal nedaan anuvadikkunnu.
mattu maarganirddesha samvidaanangalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyuka.
dii. ezz. emm. eiii. sii, digital seane matching eriya korilettar.
camera inputtukal upayogichu sthalam nirnnayikkunnathiloode thalsamayam misailukale nayikkaan kazhiyunna aiyude aadyakaala roopamaayirunnu dsmac. randaam tomahok blockil dii. ezz. emm. eiii. sii. upayogikkukayum onnaam gulf yudhathil vijayakaramaayi svayam theliyikkukayum cheythu. chaara upagraha chithrangalil ninnu kanakkukoottunna bhoopadangalumaayi parakkal samayat camera inputtukal thaarathamyam cheythaanu eee samvidaanam pravarthichathu. dii. ezz. emm. eiii. sii. iai sisttam chithrangalude kontraast maappukal kanakkukootti, avaa pinneedu oru bufferil samyojippikkukayum pinneedu sharashari cheyyukayum cheythu. thudarnnu oru valia mainframe computer munkootty kanakkukoottiya sambharicha bhoopadangalumaayi sharashariye thaarathamyam cheythu, ithu thaazhnna thalatthil ninnu roottukalum taargettukalum enganeyaayirikkumennu anukarikkaan chaara upagraha chithrangal parivartthanam cheythu. daatta samaanamallathathum season anusarichu maarunnathumaayathinaal mattu apratheekshitha mattangalil ninnum vishwal efakttukalil ninnum, mattangal pariganikkathe misailukalkkullile dii. ezz. emm. eiii. sii. systethinu maappukal onnuthanneyaano ennu thaarathamyam cheyyaanum nirnnayikkaanum kazhiyanam. maappukalile vyathyaasangal vijayakaramaayi filter cheyyaanum backie mapp daatta upayogichu athinte sthaanam nirnnayikkaanum ithinu kazhiyum. kanakkakkiya kordinettukale aakramikkunnathinupakaram lakshyangal drishyaparamaayi thirichariyaanulla kazhivu kaaranam, athinte krithyatha aadya gulf yudhasamayathu gps guided aayudhangale marikadannu.
1950kalil eee ramgangal thaarathamyam cheiyunna samvidaanangal aadyamaayi kandupidichathu muthal 1980kalil tercom vyaapakamaayi vinyasikkappedunnathuvar memmariyilum prosessing shakthiyilum undaaya vann mechappeduthalukal prashnatthinte swabhaavathe ganyamaayi maatti. aadhunika samvidaanangalkku vyathyastha dishakalil ninnu kaanunnathupole oru lakshyathinte niravadhi chithrangal sambharikkaan kazhiyum, palappozhum imej synthesis teknikkukal upayogichu imagery kanakkakkaam. athupole, sisidikal polulla soolid-stettu saankethikavidyakal avatharippichathiloode live imaging samvidaanangalude sankeernnatha valareyadhikam kuranju. eee saankethikavidyakalude samyojanam digitalised seane-mapping eriya korilettar (dii. ezz. emm. eiii. sii) nirmmichu. dii. ezz. emm. eiii. sii samvidaanangal palappozhum tercomumaayi oru terminal maarganirddesha samvidaanamaayi samyojippichirikkunnu, ithu parambaraagatha warheadukal upayogichu pooyint akramanam anuvadikkunnu.
mgm-31 pershing II, ss-12 scaleboard temp-sm, oo. tii. aarr-23 ooka enniva dii. ezz. emm. eiii. siyude (digitised korilettar yoonit dcu) oru active radar hoaming pathipp upayogichu, ithu upagrahangalo vimaanangalo edutha radar topographic maappukale taargett topographyekkurich oonboord active radaaril ninnu labhicha vivarangalumayi thaarathamyam cheythu.
saattalait naavigeshan.
cruis misail naavigettu cheyyaanulla mattoru maarggam avaa krithyavum vilakuranjathumaayathinaal oru saattalait positioning sisttam upayogikkuka ennathaanu. nirbhagyavashaal avar upagrahangale aasrayikkunnu. upagrahangal edapedukayaanengil (udha.jii. nasippikkappettu) allengil upagraha signal thadassappeduthukayaanenkil (udha.jii. jaam), saattalait naavigeshan sisttam pravartthanarahithamaakunnu. athinaal, gps adisthaanamaakkiyulla (allengil glonas adisthaanamaakkiyulla) naavigeshan saankethikamaayi naveekarikkappedaatha athiraaliyumaayulla samgharshathil upayogapradamaanu. maruvashathu, saankethikamaayi purogamicha ethiraaliyumaayi oru samgharshathinu thayyaaraakunnathin, oraalkk tains dii. ezz. emm. eiii. kumm sajjeekarichirikkunna misailukal aavasyamaanu.
tercom naavigeshan upayogikkunna misailukal.
oru tercom samvidaanam upayogikkunna cruis misailukalil iva ulppedunnu