
rashtrapathy bhawan

indiayile newdelhiyile raisina kunninte padinjaaran attathulla raashtrapathiyude audyogika vasathiyaanu rashtrapathy bhawan (ραστραπτί βα-ραστροι-ποροh-ποh-τι β-β-β-β-β-β-β-β-β; munbu visroyiyude veedu). munbu visroyiyude veedu ennariyappettirunna ithu britiish saamraajyathinte unnathiyilaanu nirmmichathu. raashtrapathiyude audyogika vasathiyulla 340 murikalulla pradhana kettidatthe maathrame rashtrapathy bhawan soochippikkoo, sweekarana haalukal, athidhi murikal, offeesukal ennivayulppede, maalika ennum ariyappedunnu; ithu 130 hector (320 ekkar) varunna presidential estettineyum soochippikkaam, athil presidential gaardanukal, valia thurassaaya sthalangal, amgarakshakarudeyum staafukaludeyum thaamasasthalangal, stabilukal, mattu offeesukal, athinte paridhiyile mathilukalkkullile yoottilittikal enniva ulppedunnu. vistheernnathinte kaaryatthil, italiyile vichitramaaya kottaram kazhinjaal lokathile eathoru raashtrathalavanteyum randaamathe valia thaamasthalamaanithu. thelankaanayile hyderaabaadile rashtrapathy nilayam, himachal pradeshile shimla retreat kettidam ennivayaanu mattu rashtrapathy bhavanangal.
charithram.
saamraajyathva thalasthaanam dalhiyilekku maattunnathuvare indiayude govarnor general kalkattayile sarkkar bhavanathilaanu thaamasichirunnathu. india bharikkendathu oru kottaaratthil ninnaanennum oru naadan bhavanathil ninnaanennum' paranja prashasthanaaya vellesley prabhu 1799num 1803num idayil eee mahathaaya bhavanam nirmmikkaan utharavidukayum 1912ll bangal govarnor avide thaamasikkukayum cheythu. 1911 desemberil dalhi darbaaril indiayude thalasthaanam kalkattayil ninnu dalhiyilekku maattumenn theerumaanichathine thudarnnaanu britiish viceroic puthiya dalhiyil oru vasathi nirmmikkanulla theerumaanam eduthathu. pazhaya dalhiyude thekk attathulla puthiya dalhi enna puthiya nagaratthinaayulla padhathi dalhi darbaarinu sesham vikasippichappol, indiayude viceroic puthiya kottaarathinu valia valipavum pradhana sthaanavum nalki. visroyiyude veedu, yadhaarthathil vilikkappettirunnathu, 1911 num 1916 num idayil avide nilaninnirunna reysina, maalcha graamangalum avarude 300 kudumbangalum bhoomi ettedukkal niyamam, 1894 prakaram maatti aduthulla secretariyatt kettidatthinte nirmmaanam aarambhikkunnathinayi ekadesham bhoomi ettedukkappettu.
nagara aasoothrana prakriyayile pradhana amgamaaya britiish aarkkitekt edwin landseer lutyansinu praadhamika vasthuvidyaa utharavaaditham nalki. poortthiyaaya govarnor generalinte kottaram 1912 juun 14 nuu shimla ninnu herbert bekare ayacha yadhaartha rekhaachithrangalumaayi valare saamyamullathayi maari. indian vaasthuvidyayil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda nirangalum vishadaamshangalum ulkkollunna mothatthil lutyansinte roopakalppana gambheeramaanu. visroyiyude veettilum sekratteriyattukalilum jolie cheyyaan niyogikkappettirunna lutyens baker souhrudaparamaaya bandhangalil aarambhichu. visroyiyude veedinu munnilulla rund secretariyatt kettidangalil jolie cheyyaan bekare niyogichirunnu. reysina kunnin mukalil visroyiyude veedu, sekratteriyattukal thazheyaayi sthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu yadhaartha padhathi. pinneedu ithu 400 yard pinnilekku nirmmikkanum rund kettidangalum peedabhoomiyude mukalil sthaapikkaanum theerumaanichu.
athinte fixinginaayi lutyense pracharanam nadathiyenkilum athu maattaan kazhinjilla. iruvashathum mathilukal nilanirtthi visroyiyude veettilekku oru neenda chaayvundaakkaan lutyense aagrahichu. ithu veedinte pinbhaagathuninnulla kazhcha nalkumbol secretariyatt kettidangalkkidayilulla chathuratthiloode kadannupokukayum cheyyum. 1914 januvariyil sthaapithamaaya lutyens bekarumullah samiti, grade 25ll onninekkaal uyarathilaayirikkaruthenn paranju, ennirunnaalum ithu oduvil 22ll 1 aayi maatti, ithu visroyiyude kottaram kaanunnath kooduthal budhimuttaakki. gradiantinekkurichum visroyiyude kottaram roadle maranjirikkaanulla saadyathayekkurichum lutyensinu ariyaamaayirunnuvenkilum veedinte munbhagam ethratholam cheruthaayi kaanappedumenn lutyenmark poornnamaayum manassilayilla ennu karuthappedunnu. 1916-ll imperial dalhi kammitti gradient mattaanulla lutyansinte nirddesham nirasichu. oru nalla vasthuvidyaa roopakalppana cheiyunnathinekkaal panam sambaadikkunnathilum sarkkaarine santhoshippikkunnathilum baker kooduthal sradhikkunnathennu lutyense karuthi.
irupathu varshatholam ekadesham ellah varshavum indiaykkum englandinum idayil yaatra cheythirunna lutyens iru raajyangalilum visroyiyude veedu nirmmikkaan pravarthichu. bajatt niyanthranangal kaaranam lutyense kettidam oru muthal mattonnilekku kurachu.
lady hardingle ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda vilyam roobert mastoyaanu thudakkathil mugal shailiyil poonthottangal roopakalppana cheyyukayum sthaapikkukayum cheythath, avar koonstans villiyezhs-stuvaartt avarude "gardens oof dhii grettu mugals" (1913) enna pusthakatthil prachodanam thedukayum cheythu. thudarnnulla vaisroyimaarude keezhilum indian swaathanthryathinusheshavum roopakalppanakal maattangalum maattangalumkk vidheyamaayi. swaathanthryaanantharam ithine sarkkar bhavanam ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
chakravarty rajagopalachari indiayile aadyathe indian vamshajanaaya govarnor generalayi chumathalayelkkukayum eee kottaaratthinte adhiniveshakkaaranaakukayum cheythappol, ippol presidentinte kudumbavibhagamaaya muun athidhi vibhaagathile kurachu murikalil thamasikkaan addeham eshtappettu; annathe visroyiyude appaartmentukal athidhi vibhagamaakki addeham maatti, avide sandarshikkunna raashtrathalavanmaar indiayil thaamasichirunnu.
1950 januvari 26nuu rajendra prasad indiayude aadya rashtrapathiyaayi eee kettidam kaivashappeduthiyappol athine rashtrapathy bhawan-raashtrapathiyude bhavanam ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
vaasthuvidya.
design.
naalu nilakalum 340 murikalum adangunna ithu oru bilyan ishtikakalum cheria urukk kondulla kallum upayogichaanu nirmmichathu.
adhikaarathinum saamraajyathvathinum oonnal nalkunnathinu kanatha classical roopangal upayogikkunnathinu oonnal nalkiyirunna edwardian barokkinte kaalaghattatthilaanu kettidatthinte roopakalppana. bhavanathinte roopakalppana prakriya dairkhyameriyathum sankeernavum raashtreeyaparavumaayirunnu. lutyensinte aadyakaala roopakalppanakalellaam thikachum classical sailiyum poornnamaayum europian shailiyumaayirunnu. praadeshika kettida paarambaryathodulla addehathinte anaadaravu addeham aadimamennu thallikkalanja 'mogul tosh' polulla anubandha rekhaachithrangalodukoodiya niravadhi rekhachithrangalilum 'njaan hindu cheyyanamennu avar aagrahikkunnu-' hindodond 'ennu njaan parayunna hraswa paraamarshatthilum vyakthamaan!'ennirunnaalum, kalapanandara kaalaghattatthil, kettidatthe athinte rashtreeya pashchaathalatthil nannayi samyojippikkunnathin praadeshika chuttupaadukalodu samvedanakshamatha kaanikkanamenn theerumaanikkukayum, valareyadhikam rashtreeya charchakalkku sesham, praadeshika intho-sarasenic roopangal ulppeduthunnathaayi lutyense sammathikkukayum cheythu.
vividha indian gadakangal kettidatthil chertthu. jala savisheshathakal indian vaasthuvidyayude oru pradhana bhagamaayathinaal kettidatthinu mukalilulla niravadhi vrithaakrithiyilulla kallu thadangal ithil ulppedunnu. classical vaasthuvidyayil oru fraisinte sthaanam kaivashappedutthiya oru parambaraagatha indian chujja allengil chajjayum undaayirunnu; ithu moorchayullathum nertthathum neendunilkkunnathumaaya oru gadakamaayirunnu, athu kettidatthil ninnu vyaapikkukayum aazhathilulla nizhalukal srishtikkukayum cheythu. ithu janaalakalil ninnulla kadinamaaya sooryaprakaashathe thadayukayum mazhakkaalathu kanatha mazhayil ninnu janaalakale samrakshikkukayum cheiyunnu. melkkoorayil niravadhi chatrikal undaayirunnu, ithu thaazhikakkudam moodiyittillaatha melkkoorayude paranna nilaye takarkkaan sahayichu. chila indian design gadakangal lutyens viniyogichuvenkilum kettidatthiludaneelam avaa mithamaayum falapradamaayum upayogichu.
eee niraykku "mukalil oru prathyekamaaya kireedam undu, venkala thamara pookkalil ninnu viriyunna oru glass nakshatram".
rajasthaani designukalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond jalees allengil jaalees ennu vilikkunna chuvanna manalkkallukalil thulachukayariya screenukal undaayirunnu. kottaaratthinte munvashath, kizhakk bhaagath, asamamaya akalamulla panthrand valia nirakalulla dalhi oordar capitalukalulla eee kettidatthinaayi aashokan vishadaamshangalumaayi kandupidicha "noons oordar" lutyense undu. thalasthaanangalil acanthus elakalum naalu pendant indian manikalum samyojippichirikkunnu. indian hindu, buddha kshethrangalude shailiyil samanamaaya eee munny karnaadakayile moodabidriyile oru jaina kshethrathil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu. nirayude mukalil oro konilum oru munny undu. oru raajavamshathinte avasaanathe munny soochippikkunnuvennu oru purathana indian vishwaasam ullathinaal, munny nisshabdamaayathinaal indiayil britiish bharanam avasaanikkillenn parayappettirunnu. kettidatthinte munvashath vashangalile chirakukalilozhike janaalakalilla.
indo-sarasenic punarujjeevana vaasthuvidya ennu vilikkappedunna muun britiish udaaharanangalil kooduthalum mugal vaasthuvidyayil ninnu pradhaanamaayum paashchaathya mrithadehangalilekku graaft cheytha gadakangal undaayirunnuvenkilum, lutyense valare munbathe budhamatha mourya kalayil ninnu aakarshichu. ithu dehli kramatthilum pradhana thaazhikakkudatthilum kaanaan kazhiyum, avide thaazheyulla drummil sanchi polulla aadyakaala buddha sthoopangalkku chuttumulla railingukal oormmippikkunna alankaaramundu. mugal, europian colonial vasthuvidyaa gadakangalude saannidhyavum ivideyundu. mothatthil ghadana mattu samakaalika britiish colonial chinnangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, ennirunnaalum secretariyatt kettidam, nyoo dalhi, pradhaanamaayum herbert baker thudangiya mattu puthiya dalhi kettidangalkk samaanathakalund.
thaan dharichirunna kannada pole kaanunnathinaayi poonthottatthinte mathilukalile oru pradeshavum stetteroomile rund ventilettar janalukalum polulla niravadhi cheria vyakthigatha gadakangal lutyense veettil chertthu. vaisargal lodge 1929-ll poortthiyaayi, (puthiya dalhiyude backie bhagangalkkoppam) 1931-ll audyogikamaayi udghaadanam cheythu. 1932-num 1933-num idayil pradhana alankaarangal cherkkukayum, prathyekichu bolroomil, itaaliyan chithrakaaranaaya tomasso colonello nadappilaakkukayum cheythu. kettidam poortthiyaakkaan pathinezh varshameduthu, pathinettu varshathinu sesham india swathanthramaayi. 1947ll indian swaathanthryathinushesham, ippol aachaaraparamaaya govarnor general avide thaamasikkunnath thudarnnu, 1950ll india oru republicayitheerukayum sabhaye "rashtrapathy bhawan" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythappol presidentinte pingamiyaayi.
355 alankaricha murikalum 200,000 chathurashra adii (19,000 chathurashra meter) vistheernnamulla tharayum ivideyundu. 700 dasalaksham ishtikakalum 3.5 dasalaksham cubic adii (85,000 chathurashra meter) kallum ulppedunna eee ghadanayil urukkinte upayogam valare kuravaanu. praadeshika karakaushala vidagthare niyamikkunnathinayi luthians dalhiyilum lahore atliyezhs sthaapichu. padhathiyude cheef enchineeyar sarr teja singh malik aayirunnu, naalu pradhana kararukar sarr shobha singh ulppedunnu.
leauttu plan.
onniladhikam muttangalum akathe thurassaaya pradeshangalumulla oru valia chathuratthinu chuttumaayaan kettidatthinte leauttu plan roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. viceroic thaamasakkarkkum vendiyullathum athidhikalkkaayi vendiyullathumaaya rund vibhagangal padhathi aavashyappedunnu. residence wing oru prathyeka naalu nila veedaanu, athinte kodathi pradeshangal athinullilaanu. eee vibhaagam valare valuthayirunnathinaal avasaanathe indian govarnor generalaya chakravarty rajagopalachari cheria athidhi vibhagathilaanu thamasikkaan thiranjedutthathu, ithu thudarnnulla prasidantumaar pinthudarunna paarambaryamaanu. yadhaartha residence vibhaagam ippol praadhamikamaayi samsthaana sweekaranangalkkum sandarshikkunna raashtrathalavanmaarude athidhi vibhagamaayum upayogikkunnu.
murikalum haalukalum.
rashtrapathy bhavanil samsthaana pravarthanangalkkum mattu aavasyangalkkumaayi upayogikkunna niravadhi haalukalund. avayil randennam, darbar haalum ashoka haalumaan ettavum pramukham.
"pradhana kettidatthinte erattagopurathinu thaazheyaan "darbar haal" sthithi cheiyunnathu. swaathanthryathinu munbu "simhasana murii" ennariyappettirunna ithinu viceroic viceraine rund vyathyastha simhaasanangalundaayirunnu. nilavil 33 meter uyarathil thoongikkidakkunna beljian glass chandiliarinu keezhil presidentinu orotta uyarnna kaserayaanu ivide sookshichirikkunnathu. haalinte thara choklettu niramulla itaaliyan marble kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. durbar haalile nirakal dalhi kramathilaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, ithu lambamaya varikale oru maniyude rooparekhayumaayi samyojippikkunnu. nirayil ninnulla lambarekhakal muriykk chuttumulla freesilum upayogichirunnu, ithu parambaraagatha greak nirakalilonnu upayogichu cheyyaan kazhiyilla. manja jaisalmere marble kondaanu nirakal nirmmichirikkunnathu, madhyabhaagathu kattiyulla oru varayundu.
darbar haalil 500 perkku irikkaavunna eee kettidatthilaanu 1947 august 15 nuu raavile 8:30 nuu jawaharlal nehru loard moundu baattanil ninnu pradhaanamanthriyaayi sathyaprathinja cheythath.
32x20 meter neelamulla chathuraakrithiyilulla oru muriyaanu ashoka haal. thadi tharayulla oru samsthaana bolroomaayaanu ithu aadyam nirmmichathu. pershyayile rajaavaaya fatteh alii shaayude neethrthwathilulla oru rajakeeya vettayaadal paryaveshanatthe athinte melkkoorayile pershyan painting chithreekarikkunnu. chuvarukalil chuvarchithrangalund.dviraashtra droying roomukal, samsthaana athaazha murii, samsthaana library enniva darbar haalinte naalu konukalilaanu. muttathekku abhimukhamaayi niravadhi logjia (oru vashath thuranna vaayuvulla gaalarikal), 104 perkku irikkaan valare neelamulla meshayulla oru valia daining haal, irippidangal, billiards murikal, staircaseukal ennivayum undu.
thaazhikakkudam.
madhyathilulla thaazhikakkudam indian, britiish shailikale prathifalippikkunnu. madhyabhaagathu chembu mukhamulla oru uyaramulla thaazhikakkudam undu, niravadhi vibhagangalilaayi valare uyaramulla oru drum mukaliloode kayarunnu, ithu kettidatthinte mattu bhaagangalil ninnu verittunilkkunnu. kettidatthinte naalu konukalkkidayilulla konukalude madhyathilaanu thaazhikakkudam. kettidatthinte thanne erattiyiladhikam uyaramaanith.1913-ll loard hardinch kettidatthinte padhathiyil thaazhikakkudatthinte uyaram vardhippichu. thaazhikakkudam classical, indian shailikal samyojippikkunnu. romil paanthiyonil ninnaan roopakalppana vikasichathennu lutyense paranju, baahyamaayi ithinu thaazhikakkudatthinte valavil allengil uyarnna drummil athumaayi saamyamillengilum; iruvarkkum madhyathil oru okkulas undu. thaazhikakkudatthinte purambhaagam bhaagikamaayi saanchiyile aadyakaala buddha sthoopangalude maathrkayilaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, ithu puram rooparekhayil valare saamyamullathaan. thaazhathe thaazhathe drumminte bhaagathinu chuttum budhamatha shailiyilulla "railing" roopakalppanayundu. thulya akalamulla nirakal ithine pinthunaykkunnu, avaykkidayil oru thuranna pradeshamulla oru poomukham roopappeduthunnu. puthiya dalhiyile venalkkaala choodu moodalmanjil, ithu thaazhikakkudam pongikkidakkunnathinte oru bhavam nalkunnu. 1929-nte thudakkathil thozhilaallikal puram thaazhikakkudatthinte shakthippeduthiya konkreett shell roopeekarikkaan thudangi. thaazhikakkudatthinte avasana kallu 1929 epril 6-nuu sthaapichu.
poonthottam.
'rashtrapathy bhavante pinbhaagathu sthithi cheiyunna oru poonthottamaanu 'amrith udyan' (ardham "vishudha amrithathinte poonthottam"). munbu 'mugal gardens' ennariyappettirunna ithu mugal, engleesh landscaping shailikal ulkkollukayum vaividhyamaarnna pookkalum marangalum avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu. ellah varshavum februvari-march maasangalil "udayothsavam" samayat rashtrapathy bhawan poonthottangal pothujanangalkkayi thurannirikkunnu.
pradhana poonthottam kardinaadishakangalil nadakkunna samakonukalil murichukadakkunna rund chaanalukal eee poonthottatthe chathurangalude oru gridai vibhajikkunnu oru "charbagh". eee chaanalukalude crossingukalil thaamarayude aakruthiyilulla aarr uravakalundu, avayude uyaram 6 kilometres. chaanalukal prathifalippikkunna kulangalaayi pravartthikkunnu. vanyamrugangalkku daanyangal nalkunnathinaayi pakshikalude meshakalundu.
terrous garden pradhana poonthottatthinte iruvashathum uyarnna thalatthil rund rekhamsha strippukal undu, ithu vadakkum thekkum athirthikal roopappeduthunnu. pradhana poonthottatthile chedikalkku thulyamaanu valarunna chedikal. rund strippukaludeyum madhyathil oru jaladhaarayund, athu akathekku veezhukayum oru kinner roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. padinjaaran attathu rund gusbose kizhakke attathu alankaricha rund centry posttukalum sthithicheyyunnu.
neenda poonthottam allengil 'purda poonthottam': ithu pradhana poonthottatthinte padinjaaru bhagathaayi sthithicheyyunnu, vrithaakrithiyilulla poonthottatthilekku pookunna madhya nadappaathayude iruvashathum ithu oodunnu. ekadesham 12 adii uyaramulla chumarukalaal chuttapetta ithu pradhaanamaayum oru rosaapoonthottamaanu. thaazhnna velikalil pothinja 16 chathurashra rooss kidakkakalundu. madhya nadappaathayude madhyathil rooss kreeppukal, petria, boganvillia, munthirivallikal ennivayaal moodappetta oru chuvanna manalkkall pergolayund. jasmine, rhinecospermam, techoma grandiflora, bignonia vaanista, adenoclima, ekkittis, parana paniculatta thudangiya vallichedikalaal chuvarukal moodappettirikkunnu. chuvarukalil chaina ooranchu marangal nattirikkunnu.
vrithaakrithiyilulla poonthottatthinu chuttum thottakkachavadakkaarante oafees, oru harithagriham, kadakal, oru nazhsari muthalaayavaykkulla murikalundu. ivide bonsaayikalude oru shekharam undu.
museum.
2014 joolaiyil rashtrapathy bhavaninullile oru museum annathe rashtrapathy pranab mukharji udghaadanam cheythu. rashtrapathy bhawan, athinte kala, vaasthuvidya ennivayude aantharika kazhchakal nedaanum muun raashtrapathikalude jeevithathekkurichu bodhavalkkarikkaanum museum sandarshakare sahayikkunnu. 2016ll rashtrapathy pranab mukerjiyum pradhaanamantri narendra modiyum chernnaanu randaam ghattam udghaadanam cheythath. saroj ghoshinte maarganirdeshaprakaaramaanu museum nirmmichirikkunnathu.
punasthaapanam.
rashtrapathy bhavanile aadyathe punarudhaarana padhathi 1985 ll aarambikkukayum 1989 ll avasaanikkukayum cheythu, eee samayat ashoka haal athinte pilkkala kootticherkkalukalil ninnu neekkam cheyyukayum vasthuvidyaa punarudhaaranakkaariyaaya sunita koolii athinte yadhaartha avasthayilekku punasthaapikkukayum cheythu. 2010ll aarambhicha randaamathe punarudhaarana padhathiyil chaals koriayum sunita kohli ulppettirunnu.

