
bendler block

bendlerblock () germmaniyile berlinile teargarten jillayile oru kettida samuchayamaan, ithu stoufenbergstraase (munbu "bendlerstrasse" ennu perittirunnu) sthithicheyyunnu. 1914ll niravadhi imperial jarmman naavikasenayude ("kaisarliche maraine") offeesukalude aasthaanamaayi sthaapicha ithu onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham raikswer manthraalayathe sevichu. naasi bharanathin keezhil ganyamaayi vipuleekaricha ithu 1938 muthal "obercomando derr vermact" (okedablyu)-nte niravadhi vakuppukal, prathyekichu "obercomando dess heeras", "abwer" rahasyaanveshana ejansi enniva upayogichu.
1944 juulai 20nuu adolph hitlarinethire goodaalochana nadatthiya vermact offeesarmaarude oru prathirodha samghathinte aasthaanamaayi eee kettidam sradheyamaanu. goodaalochanayude nethaakkale muttathu vachu vedivachathinaal, bendler blockil jarmman prathirodhatthinte smaarakavum ulppedunnu. 1993 muthal, kettida samuchayam jarmman federal prathirodha manthraalayathinte dvitheeya seettaayi pravartthikkunnu.
peru.
samuchayathinu athinte peru labhichathu athinte theruvilninnaanu. innu, ithu 1837 muthal 1955 juulai 20 vare "bendlerstrass" ennariyappettirunna, prussian haalbarstaadtile hoyminushesham (1789-1873) stoufenbergstraas (closs voonn stoufenberginte bahumaanaartham peritta stoufenberg street) aanu. berlin sitti kaunsil amgavum cheef mesanumaaya bendler, pinneedu teargartenstrassile maalika jilla vikasippikkunnathinayi grozer teargarten paarkkin thekk valia estettukal svanthamaakkiyirunnu.
charithram.
1911num 1914num idayil saamraajyathva naavika offeesinte aasthaanamaayi neoclassical sailiyilaanu landwer kanaalile pradhana kettidam nirmmichathu, 1916 vare grand admiral alfred voonn tirpitsinte neethrthwathilaayirunnu ithu. saamraajyathva naavikasenayude aasthaanavum saamraajyathva naavika manthrisabhayum chakravarty wilhem randaamanu nerittu keezhilaayirunnu.
weimer republic.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, jarmman weimer sarkkaarin 1919 leeii versiles udambadiyude niyanthranangal neridendivannu, athinusesham sheshikkunna "reacheswear", "reachsmerine" senakal valareyadhikam kuraykkukayum akkalam muthal samuchayam samyukthamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. aadyathe raichswehr mantri gustav noskeyudeyum supreme armi commander walther reinhardinteyum aasthaanamaayum ithu pravarthichu.
mantri noskeyude offeesil, "trupenamt" cheef mejar general hans voonn seekkt 1920 kaapp puttsil ("reacheswear reachswearinu nere vediyuthirkkaruthu") ardhasainika "frecorps" senaykkethire reacheswear sainikarude edapedal parasyamaayi nirasichu.
naasi bharanam.
1933 februvari 3 nuu, reach president pooll voonn hindenberg addehathe niyamichu naalu divasathinu sesham, chansalar adolph hitlar reacheswear commander-inn-cheef general kurt voonn hammerstein-ekwordinte pinthuna thedi, thante rashtreeya prathyayashaasthram vipulamaaya prakhyaapanatthil anaavaranam cheythu. puthiya raikswer mantri verner voonn blomberginte pinthuna undaayirunnittum, hitlarude roopam sainika commandilum desemberil haamarsteen-ekwordinte raaji kondum gurutharamaaya prathisandhiyil kalaashichu. addehathinte pingamiyaayi lephttanant general verner voonn fritsh adhikaaramettu.
1930kalude madhyam muthal, wilhem crease roopakalppana cheytha padhathikalkkanusarichu bendlerstrassinode chernnu valia anubandhangal sthaapichu. 1938 muthal "obercomando derr maraine", okedablyu "aamtt abwehr" ennivayude "secreglettang" (maaridaim warfare command) veendum vipuleekaricha "bendler block" upayogichu. 1940ll general friedrich oolbrichinte pingamiyaayi general friedrich frome (oo. eph. eph. emm)-nte keezhilulla obercomando dess heerasinte (oo. echu.) general armi offeesil pradhana kettidam pravarthichu, ippozhum jarmman sainyathinte commander-inn-cheef (heer)-nte aasthaanamaayi. 1938-leeii blomberg-fritsh bandhathinu sesham kenal general walther voonn brouchitsh command ettedukkukayum 1941 muthal hitlar svayam command ettedukkukayum cheythu.
1938ll admiral wilhem canarisinteyum lefttanant kenal hans austarinteyum keezhilulla "abwer" rahasyaanveshana ejansiyude thalavan checoslovakiayile jarmman adhiniveshathinidayil oru attimarikk padhathikal aavishkarichu. eee padhathikal myoonichu karaaril aswasthamaayirunnu, athil pradhana europian sakthikal "sudettanlaand" pidichedukkaan anuvadichu anurajanam nadatthi.
juulai 20-nuu plott.
1940-kalude thudakkathil, general oolbrichinte neethrthwathilulla oakhu armi oafees naasi bharanakoodathodulla sainika cheruthunilppinte kendramaayi maari. 1943 octoberil kenal closs voonn stoufenbergine general armi offeesilekku cheef oof staaf aayi maatti.
bendler blokkilaanu staffenberg mejar general henning voonn tresco oru kalaapathe adichamarthunnathinulla vermact "ooppareshan valkairi" padhathi rahasyamaayi parishkkarichathu. kizhakkan prashyayile hitlers woolfs lair aasthaanathe saahacharyangal sambandhicha vishadaamshangalilekku nerittu praveshanam nalkaan stoufenberginte sthaanam addehathinu avasaram nalki. 1944 juulai 20nuu addeham avide oru bombinte fuse sthaapikkukayum udan thanne berlinilekk madangukayum cheythu.
bomb pottitherichenkilum hitlar rakshapettu. divasam purogamikkukayum vaarthakal vyaapikkukayum cheythathode goodaalochanakkaarkku germmaniyude niyanthranam ettedukkaan kazhinjilla. general friedrich frome ennayaalude utharavanusarichu bendler blokkile goodaalochanakkaare arast cheythathinetthudarnnu, prathirodha poraalikalaaya kenal voonn stoufenberg, general oolbrichu, aalbrekt merts voonn quirnheim, stoufenberginte adjattant verner voonn hephttan ennivare athe ratri kettidatthinte muttathu firing squad vadhichu. anchaamathe goodaalochanakkaaranaaya general october ludwig bekkinu svayam vedivaykkaan anuvaadam nalki. frome-nte avasaravaadam phalam kandilla pittennu goodaalochanaykku addehathe arast cheyyukayum vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum 1945 march 12 nuu vadikkukayum cheythu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasana divasangalil 1945 epril avasaanathilum meyy aadyathilum berlin yudhathil, berlin prathirodha mekhalayude kamaandaraaya general helmuth waidling, raavile 6 manikk soviyatt redu aarmiyude general vasily chuikovinu keezhadangunnathinumbu bendler blockine thante aasthaanamaayi upayogichu.emm. meyy 2nuu.
yudhaananthara kaalam.
staffenberghineyum mattu goodaalochanakkaareyum vadhicha muttathinu chuttumulla bendler blokkinte bhaagath ippol jarmman prathirodhatthinte smaarakam undu. bundeswer (jarmman sainyathinte drill yoonit) vaachbatteylanile puthiya amgangal sathyaprathinja cheiyunna aachaaraparamaaya sthalangalilonnaayi ithu upayogikkunnu.
jarmman punarekeekaranathetthudarnnu, federal prathirodha manthriyude berlin oafees bendler blokkilekku maatti.
thithreekaranatthil upayogikkuka.
charitraparamaaya praadhaanyavum randaam lokamahaayudhathil germmaniyude pankinekkurichulla neendunilkkunna samvedanakshamathayum kaaranam udamasthanenna nilayil prathirodha mantraalayam bendler blokkilekkulla praveshanam niyanthrikkunnu. sebaastyan coach abhinayicha "stoufenberg" enna chithratthinte thithreekaranatthinaayi 2003laanu oru tivi studiyoykku aadyamaayi chithreekarana anumathi nalkiyathu. dusher ferensehprise" enna bahumati nalki aadarichu. 
juulai 20leeii kadhayekkurichulla toom cruis abhinayicha "valkairi" enna sinimayude ramgangal chithreekarikkaan anumathi nalkaan mantraalayam madichu, prathyekichu yadhaartha sthalathu punarnirmmaanam. ennirunnaalum, oduvil anumathi nalkukayum chithreekaranam nadakkukayum cheythu. (chila aafrikkan ramgangalum mattu ramgangalum kaaliforniyayil chithreekaricha eee chithram praadhamikamaayi berlinilum parisaratthum chithreekarichu.) 1944ll aaa sthalathu kollappettavarude bahumaanaartham chithreekaranam aarambhikkunnathin munbu samvidaayakan bryan gaayakan oru minitt mounam paalich chalachithra samghathe nayichu.

