
pitts aandu liie vii. florida

pitts aandu liie vii. rund aafrikkan-american prathikalkkethire kolapaathakakkuttam chumathiya oru criminal kesaayirunnu florida (1963) (palappozhum pitts-liie cases ennu ariyappedunnu). pouraavakaasha prathyaaghaathangalkkum pinneedu kuttavimuktharaakkappett rund vadhashikshaykk vidhikkapetta thadavukaar ulppettathinum eee cases oormmikkappedunnu. prosecutermaar bodhapoorvam thelivukal krithrimam cheyyukayum aaa purushanmaare oru velutha juurii vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum cheythu, freddy liie pitsum wilbert leeyum (prathikal) panthrand varsham thadavilaakkappedukayum 1975 septambar 20 nuu annathe florida govarnor rubin ascove mapp nalkukayum cheythu.
pashchaathalam.
1963 august 1nuu portt sent enna sthalathaanu kuttakrithyam nadannathu. joou, florida. kuttakrithyam nadanna raathriyil freddy pitts (praayam 28), wilbert liie (20), mattu niravadhi aalukal ennivar cheria pattanatthile moow-joou gyaas steshanilekku pooyi. pittukalum leeyum shouchaalayam upayogikkaan pooyi, ennaal soukaryathile shouchaalayangal vellakkaarkk mathramaayirunnu. ithu grover floyd juuniyar enna rund vellakkaarumaayi paricharakarumaayi tharkkikkan idayaakki. oppam jessy barkattum.
floydineyum barkkattineyum moonnu divasathinu sesham maricha nilayil kandethi. avare vedivachu konnu. kuttam chumathaan police nirbandhichathinu sesham, pitts aandu liie prathikalulla oru sthriyum kuttakrithyatthil pankaliyaaya mattoru purushan. eee mattoru prathi sainyathil jolie cheythirunna oru sainikanaayirunnu, avar addehathinu oru marupurame nalki. thudarnnu aaa sthree kuttakrithyatthinte pitsum leeyum aaropich thante kuttam maatti.
krooramaaya perumaattatthinte mattu udaaharanangalkkoppam police marddikkukayum leeyude bharya upadravikkumennu bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythathine thudarnnu pitsum leeyum kuttam sammathichu. kodathi niyamicha avarude abhibhaashakan kuttam sammathikkaan upadeshichu. kuttam sammathikkukayum kuttam sammathikkukayum cheythathinaal iruvarkkum vichaarana undaayilla. 1963 august 28nuu oru samboornna vella juurii avarkk vadhasiksha vidhichu.
1966ll kurtis adams ennayaal floydinteyum barkattinteyum kolapathakangal sammathichu.
appeel.
pitsum leeyum avarude cases appeel cheyyaan oru pathittaandilere chelavazhichu. thangalude kesile jadji nadapadikramangalil thettukal varuthiyennu aaropich 1964ll avar florida supreme kodathiyil appeel nalki. ennaal kodathi avarkkethire vidhi prasthaavichu.
thudarnnu thangalkk shiksha vidhicha jooriyude ghadanaye ethirthu avar oru prameyam phayal cheyyukayum vichaarana kodathi thangalkkethire vidhichathin sesham avar floridayile aadya jilla appeel kodathiyil appeel nalkukayum cheythu. keezhkodathiyude vidhi kodathi sharivachu.
1967ll pitsum leeyum thangalude shikshaavidhikalkkethire mattoru akramanam nadatthi. avar niravadhi karyangal vaadichu. oru abhibhaashakan thangale prathinidheekarichuvennathum vadhashikshaye ethirthavare jooriyil ulppeduthiyittillenathu thangalude kuttapathram balaprayogathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanum thangalude abhibhaashakan aparyaapthanaanennum avarude niraparaadhithvathe pinthunaykkunna thelivukal bharanakoodam thadanjuvechuvennum kurtis aadams kuttasammatham nadathiyennum avar vaadichu.
aadams kuttam sammathikkuka mathramalla, avare kuttappeduthiya sthree ippol avare viral choondunnathinu nirbandhichathaayi parayukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee vasthuthakal amgeekarikkaan samsthaanathu ganyamaaya ethirppundaayirunnu. aadaaminte kuttasammatham gulf kaundi sherifinode paranjappol addeham paranju, 'enikku vadhashikshaykk vidhikkapetta rund niggarukal labhichu, avar ithinakam athu cheythu.'"
ennirunnaalum, kodathiyil prosecutermaar aadaminu kuttakrithyathinu prathirodham nalkaan visammathichathinal addeham anchaam bhedagathiyodu abhyarthichu. aadams thante kuttabodhathekkurichu mattullavarodu paranjuvennathinu (aadaaminte kaamukiyude saakshyam ulppede) mathiyaya thelivukal kodathiyude pakkalundenkilum, aadam anchaamatheyaalodu apekshichathinaal avarkk athu upayogikkaan kazhinjilla.
oru lye dittaktarinu keezhil aadaaminte kuttasammatham nadatthiya vaaran holms thante suhruthu jeane millarinode cases paraamarshichu. pittukalum leeyum niraparaadhikalaanennu thaan vishwasikkunnuvennu holms millarode paranju. miyami heraldinte reporteraaya miller cases anweshikkaan thudangi. thante kandethalukalekkurichu addeham "linchinginulla kshanam" enna oru pusthakam ezhuthi, athu pitsineyum leeyeyum thettayi shikshichuvenn vaadichu. 1976ll, "oru alkkootta kolapaathakathinulla kshanam" enna vishayathekkurichulla addehathinte pravarthanangalkku local general allengil spott nyoos reportingil millarinu oru pulitsar sammanam nalkum. eee pusthakam florida attorni general roobert shevine florida supreme kodathiyil saakshyappeduthaan bodhyappedutthi, bharanakoodam thettaaya thelivukal marachuvechuvennum iruvarum yadhaarthathil niraparaadhikalaanennum addeham vishwasichu. thettu sammathichathin govarnoraayi thiranjedukkappedaanulla avasarangal nashtamaayenn shevin pinneedu sammathichu, "pakshe athu sariyaayirunnu, enikku athu cheyyendivannu." 
pitsinum leake pinneedu oru yadhaartha vichaarana undaayirunnu, pakshe avare veendum oru velutha juurii kuttakkaaraanennu prakhyaapichu. aadaaminte kuttasammatham, prosecutionte munbathe thelivukal adichamarthal enniva juric munnil avatharippikkan anuvadichilla. yuu. ezz. supreme kodathiyude vidhi farman vii. jorjia avarude vadhasiksha jeevaparyanthamaakki maatti. pitsum leeyum yuu. ezz. supreme kodathiyil appeel nalkiyengilum certifier nalkano vendayo ennu supreme kodathi theerumaanikkunnathinu munbu govarnor avarkk mapp nalkum.
mapp.
govarnor rubin ascuvinte general kaunsilaraaya arther kanade, millarude "oru alkkootta kolapaathakathinulla kshanam" ennathinte aadya pakarpp vaayichu. canaday eee pusthakam bodhyappeduthunnathaanne kandethukayum prathikal niraparaadhikalaakaan yadhaartha saadhyathayundennu addeham paranju. ascue eee kesil anweshanam aarambhichu, adhehathinum pittukalum leeyum niraparaadhikalaanennu bodhyappettu. govarnor manthrisabhayile moonnu amgangalum (attorni general roobert shevin, (munbu kaanadayil jolie cheythirunna) treasurer phil ashler, vidyaabhyaasa kammeeshanar ralph turlington) panthrand varshathe jayilvaasathinu sesham pittukaleyum leeyeyum mochippikkunna mapp oppittu.
anantharafalangal.
mapp labhicha sesham, florida aarogya, punaradhivasa sevana vakuppil juvenile kaunsilaraayi liie jolie cheythu. ennirunnaalum, muun kuttavaalikal kuttikalumaayi pravartthikkunnathil ninnu florida nirodhikkunna oru niyamam paasaakkiyathinetthudarnnu 1985 ll leak jolie nashtappettu. liie niyamanadapadi sweekarichu, oru keezhkodathi addehathinethire vidhi prasthaavichenkilum floridayile moonnaam jilla appeel kodathi addehathinu anukoolamaayi vidhichu. ascuvinte mapp leeye shikshaavidhikk vidheyanaakkiyathinte niyamaparamaaya prathyaaghaathangalil ninnu mochippichuvennu kodathi vidhichu.
thangalude thettaaya thadavinu eathenkilum tharatthilulla nashtapariharam nedaan pitsum leeyum varshangalolam parisramikkum. avarude thadavu nikathaan panam nalkunnathinaayi florida niyamanirmmanasabhayil onniladhikam thavana oru bill avatharippikkappettenkum athu pathonpathu thavana parajayappettu. panhandil ninnulla yaadhaasthithika niyamanirmmaathaakkalude parambaraagatha thekkan janaadhipathya vibhaagam eee niyamanirmmaanathe pathivayi paraajayappeduthi.
1998-ll kendrick meak florida hausil bill veendum avatharippikkukayum betti holsendorff athu senattil veendum avatharippikkukayum cheythu. holsendorf soumyanum kooduthal liberal demokraattukalude oru vibhagavumaayi chernnu bill pasakkunnathil florida republicanmaarumaayi sakhyamundaakki.
ennirunnaalum, senattinekkaal ganyamaayi kuranja panam maathrame eee purushanmaarkk nalkaan sabha aagrahichirunnulloo. florida house florida department oof administrative hearingle oru hearing offeesare 350,000 dollar vare prathiphalam nalkaan anuvadikkunna oru bill pasaki. senattile oru kammitti oororutharkkum 15 laksham dollar nerittu nalkaan vottu cheythu. senattinum sabhaykkum oduvil oru othutheerppil ethaan kazhinju. 1998 epril 30nuu florida govarnor lottan chails oru bill niyamamakki, athu oororutharkkum 500,000 dollar anuvadikkukayum oru samsthaana administrative jadji thangalkk aneeti cheythuvenna avakaashavaadavumaayi yojikkukayum cheiyunnu.

