duchy oof austriya

1156ll austriyayile maargraaviyett (oostaarichi) bavariayil ninnu verpett swantham nilayil oru dachiyaayi uyarthappettappol "previlegium mainus" enna peril sthaapithamaaya vishudha roman saamraajyathinte oru madhyakala naatturaajyamaayirunnu duchy oof austriya (). babenberg raajavamshathile bharanadhikaarikalaaya rajakumaranmar purusha vamshathil vamshanasham sambhavichathinusesham, 1276-ll jarmman rajaavaaya rudolph onnaaman habsburg raajavamshathinte aadya rajaavaayi aadhipathyam ettedukkunnathuvare anantharaavakaashathilum bharanathilum moonnu pathittaandolam shathruthayundaayirunnu. athinusesham, austriya raajavamshathinte paithrukavum poorvvika maathrraajyavum habsburg raajavaazhchayude kendravumaayi maari. 1453-ll, 1359-leeii vyaja "previlegium maiyasi" ll duke rudolph naalaaman kandupidicha austriyan bharanaadhikaarikalude archdukal padavi habsburg chakravarty frederic moonnaaman audyogikamaayi amgeekarichu.
bhoomishaasthram.
thudakkathil, duchy vistheernnam thaarathamyena cheruthaayirunnu, ekadesham aadhunika austriyan samsthaanamaaya lover austriya ulkkollunnu. muun athirthi march enna nilayil, ithu saamraajyathinte kizhakkan paridhiyilum danube nadiyude vadakkan, thekkan theerangalilum, ense poshakanadiyude kizhakk ("thaazhe") sthithicheyyunnu.
charitraparamaaya waldweartel, weinveartal pradeshangalkk vadakku, manhartsberg rench verthirikkukayum cheytha thaya nadiyile drosendorff, rabs, laa, mattu kottakal enniva duchy oof bohemia (1198 ll oru rajyamaayi uyarthappettu), moravian pradeshangal ennivayumaayi athirthi adayaalappeduthi, iva randum check promislid raajavamshathinte kaivashamaayirunnu. kizhakk, hungery rajyavumaayulla (innathe slovakia) saamraajyathva athirthi kramena morawa nadiyude samathalangalilekkum vienna thadatthinte kizhakkan arikilekkum maari. daanyoobinte valathukadalil, thaazhnna laita nadhi noottaandukalaayi saamraajyathva-hungarian athirthi adayaalappeduthi. thekk, austriya stairiyan pradesangalumaayi athirthi pankidukayum avaa athupole thanne dachiyaayi uyarthappedukayum 1192-ll austriyayumaayi samyojippikkukayum cheythu.
charithram.
selttukal aadyam adhivasichirunna eee pradesham noottaandukalaayi niravadhi jarmman gothrangal kadannupokukayum aaram noottaand muthal avarukalum slavik gothrangalum sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu, avar ekadesham 600 perr thekk carantania enna swatantra raajyam sthaapichu. 567ll sthaapithamaaya awar khagaanettil pinneedu jarmman stem dachiyude athirthiyilulla bavaariyayile ense nadhi vareyulla austriyan maarchinte bhooribhaagavum ulppedunnu. 631 muthal 658 vare samoyude saamraajyathinte bhagamaayirunna eee pradesham 791 muthal chaalmeyninte carolingian senayude nirantharamaaya aakramanathinu vidheyamaayirunnu.
ekadesham 800 chalmagne, avarukalkkethire niravadhi vijayangal nediya sesham, "maarcha ooriyantalisinte" bhagamaaya avar march ennu vilikkunna ensinum raab nadikalkkum edayilulla pradeshathu oru athirthi march sthaapichu. 907 leeii presburg yudhathil eest frankish maargraavett veendum adhinivesha magyaarukalodu paraajayappedukayum 955 leeii letchfeld yudhathil germmaniyude vijayathile ottoo onnaaman rajaavinu sesham austriyayude bavarian march aayi veendum sthaapikkappedukayum cheythu. 976ll oottoo randaaman chakravarty austriyan maargraaviyettumaayi babenberg kaundu leopold enna prashasthamaaya leopold enna kappal nirmmichu. danubil ninnu hangariyude athirthi vare oru valia thothilulla jarmman vaasasthalam ("austeedlang") pinthudarnnu, ithu aathyanthikamayi padinjaaran slavik (slovac), thekkan slavik (sloveen) bhoomi thammilulla slavik thudarchaye thadassappeduthi.
babanbarginte veedu.
innu habsburg raajavamshavumaayi adutha bandhamundengilum, 1246 vare austriya babanbergile ilaya kudumbatthinte oru fudal kaivashamaayirunnu. bavarian welf raajavamshathinethiraaya pooraattatthil hohanstoufante saamraajyathva bhavanathinte vishwasthanaaya saamanthanaayirunnu udaramathiyaaya margrave leopold (1136-1141). 1139-ll germmaniyile konraad moonnaaman rajaavu henry dukine sthaanabhrashtanaakkiya sesham addeham bavarian duchy thante ardhasahodaranaaya margrave leopoldinu nalki. leopoldinte sahodaran pingaamiyumaaya henry jasomirgot 1141-ll bavariayumaayi bandhapettu. 1156-ll hohanstoufan chakravarty frederic barbarosa velfukalumaayi oru othutheerppine sameepichu. 1156ll regensburghile saamraajyathva bhakshanakramathil henry jasomirgottinu henry dhii layanin anukoolamaayi bavarian duchy upekshikkendivannu. septambar 17 nuu "previlegium mainus" anuvadicha niravadhi aanukoolyangalaal sthireekarikkappetta, nashtaparihaaramaayi, babenberg maargraaviyett thulya dachiyaayi uyarthappettu.
puthiya austriyan prabhuvu pilkkala hofberg kottaaratthinte sthalathulla viyannayil thante vasathi etteduthu. airish sanyaasimaarumaayi sthirathaamasamaakkiya babenberg propraittari palliyayi addeham skottanstift abbe sthaapichu. cremsil ninnum mouttenil ninnum vienna vazhi hungery, baisaantain saamrajyam vareyulla oru pradhana vyapara paathayaayi danubil anukoolamaaya sthaanam kaaranam austriyan pradeshangal abhivridhippettu. churungiya samayathekku, leopold vii dhii vertus (1177-1194), leopold vii dhii glovery (1194-1230) ennivayude bharanathin keezhil, saamraajyathile ettavum swaadheenamulla bharanakudumbangalilonnayi babenberg maari. 1186-ll avar stairiyayile aadyathethum avasaanathethumaaya oottakkar duke oottookar naalamanumaayi jeorgenberg karar oppidukayum 1192-ll addehathinte maranashesham, thekk aduthulla stairiyan bhoomi ettedukkukayum avaa 1918 vare austriyayumaayi vyakthigatha aikyathil bharikkukayum cheythu. avar thangalude pradesham ense nadiyude padinjaaru pazhaya bavarian pradeshangalilekku, troninatuthaayi upper austriyayude bhaavi thalasthaanamaaya lins nagaratthilekku vyaapippikkukayum cheythu. 
1191ll duke leopold vii moonnaamathe kurishuyudhathilum ekkar uparodhathilum chernnu. nagaram keezhadakkukayum adhinivesham nadathukayum cheythukazhinjaal, leopold thante babenberg pathaaka richaardinteyum fraansile philipp randaamanteyum rajakeeya pathakakalkk sameepam uyarthiyathayi aaropikkappedunnathil addeham rajaavaaya richard dhii lionhartumaayi kadutha tharkkam nadatthi. englandile rajaavu veettilekku pookunna vazhiyil austriyayiloode kadannupoyappol, pullippulikal addehathe thattikkondupoyi darnstain kottayil vachu arast cheythu. henry VI chakravarthikku kaimaria richard oru valia mochanadravyam nalkiyathinu sesham maathramaan mochithanaayath, duke thante punk upayogichu hangarian athirthikkaduthulla weiner nyoostaad kotta sthaapichu. aithihyamanusarichu, austriyayude pathakayaayi marria chuvapp-vella-chuvapp nirangal vahikkaan chakravarty addehathinu anumathi nalki.
1198 muthal austriyan, stairiyan raajyangalude eaka bharanaadhikaariyaayirunna addehathinte makan leopold VI, baisantain rajakumaariyaaya theodora anchaleena vivaham kazhikkukayum pinneedu 1225 ll frederic randaaman chakravartthiyude makan hohanstoufante henriyumaayi makal maargarattine vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. renmar voonn hagano, walther voonn derr vogalvide thudangiya sradheyamaaya minnessingermar vienna kottaaratthile pathiv athidhikalaayirunnu, madhya jarmman kavithakal thazhachuvalarnnu. nibelengenide" enna kavita orupakshe austriyan deshangalil ninnaan uyarnnuvannathu.
ennirunnaalum, leopoldinte makanaaya duke frederic randaaman 1230-ll adhikaaramettathinusesham austriyan prabhukkanmarumaayi mathramalla, bohemiayile rajaavaaya venseslaus onnaaman, hangariyile rajaavaaya andrew randaaman, frederic randaaman chakravarty ennivarumaayum dukinte bhaaryaasahodaran henry oof hohanstaafante kalaapathil kudungiyennu aaropikkappedunnathinu kadutha samghattanangalil earppettu. randaamathethu addehathinu 1236-ll viyannayil ninnu saamraajyathva nirodhanavum puratthaakkalum nedikkodutthu. pinneedu chakravarthiyumaayi anurajanam nadatthaan kazhinjenkilum, hangariyile belah naalaaman rajaavu adhinivesha bhoomi veendum pidichedukkaan austriyayilekku march cheythathinetthudarnnu 1242-nuu sesham hangariyumaayulla athirthi samgharsham niravadhi aayudha ettumuttalukalil kalaashichu. 1246-ll laita nadiyile yudhathil duke frederic kollappettu, athuvazhi babenberg vamshavali vamshanaashabheeshani neridukayum cheythu.
oottookar raajaavinte bhagyavum pathanavum.
fudal niyamamanusarichu, udanadi paarambarya phees vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya paramaadhikaariyude kaivashamaayi. ennirunnaalum, frederic randaaman chakravarty thante bharanathinte avasana varshangalil niraparadhiyaaya naalaaman maarppaappaykkethiraaya poraattam moolam durbalappedukayum gyoolfukalum gibellainukalum thammilulla itaaliyan yudhangalil kudungukayum cheythu. 1250-ll addehathinte maranavum naalu varshathinu sesham nilanilkkunna addehathinte eaka makan rajaavaaya konraad naalaamante maranavum babenberg rajavamsham vamshanasham sambhavikkukayum ettu varshathinusesham hohanstoufan bharanaadhikaarikalude vamshavali avasanippikkukayum cheythu. vamshanaashathinte falamaayi raajyathinte bharanaadhikaarikalude padavi tharkkathilaaya niravadhi pathittaandukalude oru kaalaghattamaaya mahathaaya edakkaalaavasthayundaayi. thudarnnulla varshangalil niravadhi sthaanaarthikal romakkaarude rajaavaayi thiranjedukkappettenkum avaril arcum saamrajyam niyantrikkaan kazhinjilla.
yudhasamaananaaya parethanaaya duke frederic randaamante "raajakumaaranmaarillaath" raajyangalile bharanam ettedukkaan avasaram labhicha rajaavaaya venseslaus onnaamante makan bohemiayile abhiniveshamulla promislid bharanadhikaariyumaaya oottookar randaamanaayirunnu. previlegium mainus" enna padatthe paraamarsikkunna niraparadhiyaaya naalaaman marpappa, pithriswaamya anantharaavakaashathinte fudal thathwathinu virudhamaayi, frederikkinte sahodari maargarattinteyum, hohanstoufante henriyude vidhavayaya addehathinte anantharaval gertrudinteyum, 1247-ll maricha ottokarinte mootha sahodaran moraviayile premislid margrao vladislosinte vidhavayaya addehathinte anantharaval gertrudinteyum paarambarya avakashangal sthireekarichu. gertrudinte randaamathe bharthaavaaya baadanile margrao herman VII-nte maranashesham, 1250-ll ottokar praadeshika prabhukkanmaar prashamsicha austriyan pradeshangal aakramichu. thante avakaashavaadangal theliyikkunnathinayi, 1252-ll addeham maargarattine (thannekkaal 30 varsham mootha) vivaham kazhichu. hangariyile belah naalaaman rajaavu ithine ethirthu, gertrudinte moonnaamathe vivaahathe paraamarshichu, bandhuvaya roman danilovichumaayi stairiyan bhoomi kaivashappedutthi. ennirunnaalum, cressenbron yudhathil hungarian sainyathe paraajayappedutthiyathode oottookar vijayichu. 1253 muthal bohemian rajaavaaya addeham ippol bohemian, moravian, austriyan, stairiyan raajyangalude eaka bharanaadhikaariyaayirunnu-1526 nuu sheshamulla aadyakaala aadhunika habsburg raajavaazhchayude prathekshakal.
1269-ll oottookar kaarinthiyayude duchy phalapradamaayi niyanthrichu, carneola kaattinte maarchum thekk bhaagathekku neengi. mothatthil, sudettasile poolish athirthi muthal thekk adriatic theerathekku vyaapichukidakkunna oru madhya europian raajyam addeham niyanthrichu. 1273ll romakkaarude rajaavaayi thiranjedukkappedaathe vannappol, vijayakaramaya sthaanaarthiyaaya habsburghile swabian kaundu rudolfinte thiranjeduppil addeham malsarichu. ennirunnaalum, mahaavishkaarathinushesham aadyathe yadhaartha jarmman rajaavaayi thante bharanam urappikkaan rudolphinu kazhinju. thante saamraajyathva adhikaarathaal addeham ottokarinte "anyavalkkarikkappetta" pradeshangal pidichedukkukayum avaye swaabiyayile thante vipulamaaya janmanaadukalilekku cherkkukayum cheythu. oduvil oduvil marchfeld yudhathil ottokar raajaavine aikya austriyan, hangarian sainyam paraajayappedutthukayum kollukayum cheythu.
habsburghinte veedu.
rudolph thante makal joodithine ottokarinte makan venseslas randaamanu vivaham nalki, avan bohemian raajyam nilanirtthi. rajakumaran-thiranjedukkappettavarum oru karaarilethiya addeham, addeham augsburg dietil thante makkalaya albertinum rudolph randaman austriyan domainukal nalki, avare vishudha roman saamraajyathile rajakumaaranmaaraayi uyarthi. oru varshathinusesham rainfeldon udambadiyiloode jyeshtaavakaashathinulla avakasham nadappaakki. rudolfinte pingaamikal 1918 vare austriyayum stairiyayum bharichu.
14, 15 noottaandukalil, habsburgukal saamraajyathinte thekkukizhakkan bhaagath kooduthal pravishyakal shekharichu thudakkathil gorisia bhavanathinu vittukodutha carneola maarchinoppam kaarinthiyayude duchy 1335-ll habsburg bharanathin keezhil vannu; 1363-ll kaundes maargarat tyrol kaundiye austriyayile duke rudolph naalaaman kaimari. eee pradeshangal orumichu habsburg 'paarambarya bhoomi' ennariyappettu, ennirunnaalum avaye chilappol austriya ennu churukkatthil vilikkaarund. rudolph vienna hofberg kottaaratthil thante vasathi sthaapikkukayum 1358/59 ll saamraajyathinte oru prathyekaavakaashamulla 'archduke' aayi svayam uyarthunnathinaayi kettichamacha "previlegium maiyas" addehathinu labikkukayum cheythu.
thudarnnulla rund noottaandukal duchy sambandhichidatholam prakshubdhamaayirunnu. habsburg bharanathin keezhil, valdensiakkaarkkethire niravadhi anweshanaathmaka peedanangal nadannu, prathyekichu pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathil purohithanaaya petrus swicker. duke rudolph naalaamante hraswavum ennaal sambhavabahulavumaaya bharanathethudarnnu, addehathinte sahodaranmaraaya albert moonnaman leopold moonnaman 1379ll oppuvacha newberg udambadikku anusrithamaayi austriyan domainukal thammil vibhajichu. albert austriyaye sariyaaya reethiyil nilanirtthi, athesamayam leopold sheshikkunna pradeshangal pidichedutthu. 1402-ll, leopoldian vamshathil mattoru vibhajanam undaayi, duke ernest innar austriya (i.iii. stairiya, karinthiya, carneola ennividangalile dukeykalum) duke frederic nalaman tyrolinteyum kooduthal austriyayudeyum bharanadhikaarikalaayi. luxemburg, whittelsback rajavamshangalil ninnulla avarude athiraalikalkku anukoolamaayi vibhajanagal habsburg sthaanathe nirnnaayakamaayi durbalapedutthi.
1438ll austriyayile duke albert anchaaman thante bharthrupithaavaaya sigismund chakravartthiyude pingamiyaayi romakkaarude rajaavaayi thiranjedukkappettappol habsburg albertinian vamshavali veendum saamraajyathva simhaasanathilekku uyarthappettu. albertinte bharanam oru varsham mathramaayirunnu neenduninnengilum addehathinte pingamiyaayi addehathinte leopoldian cussin duke adhikaaramettu. 
albertinian vamshathinteyum (1457) mootha tyrolean vamshathinteyum (1490) vamshanashathinushesham oduvil habsburg pradeshangal veendum onnippicha ernestinte makan frederic vii. duke frederic 1452-ll vishudha roman chakravarthiyaayi (frederic III) kireedamaniyappettu; oru varshathinusesham austriyaye oru archduchiyaayi uyarthiyathayi addeham aupachaarikamaayi amgeekarichu, athinusesham ellah habsburg rajakumaaranmaarum archdukal padavi vahichu. francis randaaman chakravarty raajivacha raajivacha 1438num idayil rund habsburg itharar maathramaan saamrajyam bharichathu.

