
swatantra school jilla

eathenkilum munisippalittiyil ninno kaundiyil ninno swathanthravum vyathyasthavumaya oru sthaapanamaayi pravartthikkunna, athath samsthaana sarkkaarinte melnottatthil maathram pravartthikkunna, praadhamika, secondary vidyaabhyaasathinaayi chila yuu. ezz. samsthaanangalile oru tharam school jillayaan swatantra school jilla (aii. ezz. dii). athinaal, atharam jillakalile bharanaparamaya neethrthwam jillaykkullil ninnu thanne thiranjedukkappedunnu, mattethenkilum sarkkar adikaarikalodu nerittu utharavaadithamilla. eee swaathanthryam saadhaaranayaayi soochippikkunnathu jillaykku mattu sarkkar sthaapanangalude nerittulla niyanthranathinu purathulla swantham nikuthi adikaaram undennaanu.
texes samsthaanathaanu ithuvare ettavum kooduthal swatantra school jillakal ullathu, athinte mikkavarum ellah jillakalum eee vibhaagathil pedunnu (stafford munisippal school jillayaan sradheyamaaya apavaadam). swatantra" enna padam mattu tharatthilulla school jillakale vivarikkan upayogikkaam, ennirunnaalum ithu saadhaaranamalla.
swatantra" enna padatthinte upayogam eee padam upayogikkunna samsthaanangalil polum yadhaartha prayogatthil vyathyaasappedaam. udaaharanathinu, kentakkiyile ellah school jillakalum samsthaana, kaundi, munisippal sarkkaarukalil ninnu swathanthramaanu. ennirunnaalum, samsthaana niyamam oru "swatantra school jilla" yeei nirvachikkunnath oru kaundi muzhuvan ulkkollaatha, pakaram oru nagaratheyo nagarangalude koottattheyo ulkkollunna oru jillayaan.
charithram.
charitraparamaayi, amerikkayil school jillakal roopeekarikkappettathinaal, avaa saadhaaranayaayi dhanasahayam nalkukayum niyanthrikkukayum cheytha munisippal allengil kaundi sarkkaarukalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
texes.
1900 kalude thudakkathil texacil school jillakal saadhaaranayaayi raajyathinte mikka bhagangalilum ullathupole kaundi allengil munisippal sarkkaarukalude divishanukalaayirunnu. texas enna kuthippinte thudakkam samsthaanathinte pala vashangaleyum athinullile niravadhi samoohangaleyum naadakeeyamaayi maatti. valia petroleum shekharangalude pettennulla kandethalukal niravadhi boomtounukal srishtichu, avayude janasamkhya palappozhum churungiya kaalayalavinullil valareyadhikam vardhichu. eee samudaayangalkku palappozhum eee valarcha oru sammishra anugrahamaayirunnu. oru kaalath cheria pattanangalile drutha janasamkhyaaparamaaya maattam palappozhum vidyaarthikalude druthagathiyilulla varavinu thayyaaraakaatha praadeshika school samvidaanangalil kadutha sammarddam srishtichu. samoohangalil panam athivegam ozhukikkondirikkumbol, nikuthi varumanam aavashyamullidathu kaaryakshamamaayi nedunnathu palappozhum sankeernamaayirunnu. svanthamaayi nikuthi chumathal adikaaram sthaapikkaanum maarunna saambathika aavasyangalumaayi vegathil poruthappedaanum kazhiyunna swatantra school jillakal sthaapich communitykal eee prasnangal kaikaaryam cheythu. aii. dii. 1 prakaram samsthaanathu 858 swatantra school jillakalum 7,369 pothuvidyaalaya jillakalum undaayirunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathode, niravadhi cheria pothuvidyaalaya jillakal samyojichu swatantra vidyaalaya jillakalaayi maari. itharathilulla school jilla innum texasile staanderdaanu. school jillakalkkethiraya kesukal saadhaaranayaayi school niyamathil vaidagdhyamulla niyama sthaapanangalaanu kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu, vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangalkkaayi prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheytha professional niyamaparamaaya badhyatha parirakshayaanu ithinu panam nalkunnathu.
kentakki.
kentakki general asambliyude gaveshana vibhagamaaya legislative research kammeeshante 2015 leeii report anusarichu,
pothuvidyaabhyaasathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi potusabha aadyamaayi sweekaricha nadapadi 1836ll pasakia oru niyamamaayirunnu, athu oru pothu school samvidaanathinaayi fund swaroopikkunnathinaayi oru lottari nadatthaan padukka anuvadikkukayum angane innathe padukka public skoolukalude mungami sthaapikkukayum cheythu. rund varshathinu sesham, samsthaanam athinte aadyathe pothu school niyamam pasaki, athu oru samsthaana vidyaabhyaasa board sthaapikkukayum kurachu samsthaana dhanasahayam nalkukayum cheythu. skoolukale pinthunaykkaan samsthaana fund aparyapthamaayathinaal, skoolukale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi swantham nikuthikal eedaakkunna niravadhi praadeshika jillakal roopeekarikkappettu, ithu samsthaana niyamam anuvadichirunnuvenkilum nirbandhamakkiyittilla. eee jillakal "kooduthalum parasparam swathanthramaayum samsthaana boardil ninnum swathanthramaayum pravarthichirunnu."1908ll kaundi school jilla niyamam pasaki samsthaanathinte vividha bhagangal thammilulla dhanasahaayathile vyathyaasangal pariharikkan potusabha shramichu. 1910 aakumbozhekkum oro kaundiyum oro school jilla roopeekarikkukayum athath skoolukale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi nikuthi chumathukayum koodaathe vellakkaraaya vidyaarthikalkkaayi oru haiskool sthaapikkukayum cheyyanamennu eee niyamam aavashyappedunnu (akkaalat, vamseeya verthiriv nirbandhamaayirunnu) kuranjathu 2 varshathe paripadi vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, praadeshika samoohangalkku svanthamaayi jillakal sthaapikkaan anuvaadam nalkukayum atharam jillakalude ennam 1900-ll 200-ll ninnu 1922-ll 388 aayi vardhikkukayum cheythu.
thudarnnulla dashakangalile kooduthal niyamanirmmaana sramangal niravadhi aii. ezz. dii. kalude ekeekaranathilekku nayichu, 1934 ll aii. ezz. dii. kalude nilanilpp krodeekarikkapettu, aii. ezz. dii. kalkk kuranjathu 200 vidyaarthikalundenna vyavasthayode, innum nilanilkkunna oru paridhi. eee paridikk thaazheyulla eathoru aii. ezz. dieyum ayal jillayilekku layippikkaan eee niyamam phalapradamaayi nirbandhikkunnu. aii. ezz. dii. ezz kaundi jillakalumaayi layippikkunnath thudarunnu, 21-aamm noottaandil anchu ennam angane cheythu-2006-ll mersor kaundiyumaayi harodsburg, 2007-ll webstar kaundiyumaayi providence, 2014-ll weyne kaundiyumaayi montesello, 2019-ll campbel kaundiyumaayi silver grove, 2020-ll hardin kaundiyumaayi vestt pooyint.
innathe aii. ezz. dukalude athirthikal pradhaanamaayum 1934leeii niyamatthinte samayat nilavilundaayirunnavaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. 1920-ll, munisippal kootticherkkalinekkur kentakkiyude niyamangal oru school jilla pinthunaykkunna oru nagaratthilekku cherkkunna eathoru puthiya pradeshavum yaanthrikamaayi school jillayude bhagamaakumennu prasthaavichirunnu. 1934leeii niyamathode ithu maari, ithu isd athirthikalude vipuleekaranathinu vyavastha cheythilla, adisthaanaparamaayi nilavilulla ellah isdkalum "landlocking" cheiyunnu. ekkaaranathaal, pala isdukalum avar sevikkunna nagarangale apekshichu valare cheruthaanu, dria, bowling green, elisabath taunn, frankfort, padukka enniva ulppede (ennaal ivayil maathram parimithappedutthaathe) naadakeeyamaaya udaaharanangalund. ennirunnaalum, avar praadhamikamaayi sevikkunna nagarangalekkaal valare valuthaanu patthu ishdukal. 1946ll aadyamaayi niyamanirmmikkukayum pinneedu niravadhi thavana bhedagathi cheyyukayum cheytha niyamanirmmanam, saadhaaranayaayi swath udamakalude apekshayil aii. ezz. dii. yilek maattaan anuvadikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, valare kurachu aii. ezz. dii. kall maathrame thudarnnulla pathittaandukalil avarude athirthikal vijayakaramaayi vipuleekarichittulloo.
newyork.
anchu school jillakal ozhike matellaam munisippal sarkkaarukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. 125, 000thiladhikam janasamkhyayulla anchu nagarangalil (pothu, newyork, rochasttar, syracuse, yonkezhs) vidyaabhyaasavum munisippal bajattinte bhagamaanu.
ghadanayum bharanavum.
texes.
texes samsthaanathu oro jilla oru school bordaanu nadathunnathu. school bordinte thiranjedukkappetta kaunsil school jillayude athirthikkullil vidyaabhyaasa nayam nirnnayikkaan sahayikkunnu, ithu kaundi, munisippal lainukalil ninnu "swathanthramaanu". prinsippalmaarudeyum sooprandumaarudeyum mattu jilla bharanaparamaya thasthikakaludeyum niyamanathilum pirichuvidalilum boardinu athyanthikamaaya avakaashamund. ennirunnaalum, oro skoolukalilum adhyaapakarude jolie saadhaaranayaayi athath skoolukalile principal, administrative staafukalkku vittukodukkunnu.
oru jillaykku athu perittirikkunna nagaratthinte nagaraparidhikk purathulla pradeshangalil sevanam nalkaan kazhiyum. udaaharanathinu, levisville swatantra school jilla levisville, kolaniyude nagaraparidhi, pushpa kunninpuram, malayora graamam enniva poornnamaayum ulkkollunnu (levisville athu sevikkunna nagarangalil ettavum valuthaanu, ithu ellaayppozhum anganeyalla). vaasthavathil, vyathyastha nagara gavanmentukalulla onniladhikam cheria praanthapradeshangal allengil communitykalkku orotta school jilla sevanam nalkunnathu valare saadhaaranamaanu. neremarichu, valia nagarangalil niravadhi school jillakalude bhaagamo allengil ellaam ulppettekkaam, palappozhum avarude swantham school jillakal nilanirthikkondu nagaratthinte bhaagamaayi marria communitykalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu; udaaharanathinu, saan aantoniyoyude nagaraparidiyil school jillakalaaya alamo haitts, eest central, north eest, north side, saan antonio, southu saan antonio, southu side, southu vestt ennivayude bhagangal ulppedunnu.
aadyakaala uthbhavam undaayirunnittum "swatantra" enna padam aadhunika kaalath valare baadhakamaan. udaaharanathinu, dallas nagravum dallas swatantra school jilla poornnamaayum vyathyasthamaaya sthaapanangalaanu; samana gadakangal moolamundaakunna samanamaaya prasnangal iruvarum anubhavikkunnundenkil, dallas school bordinullil uyarnnuvanna prashnangalum azhimathiyum dallas nagara sarkkaarinullile oru azhimathiyil ninno athumaayi bandhappedukayo cheythitilla.
kentakki.
kentakkiyile staanderd school jillakal kaundi thalatthil samghadippikkappedunnu, kaundiyil onno athiladhikamo swatantra jillakal illengil jilla athirthikal kaundi athirthikalumaayi samanamaayirikkum. swatantra school jilla" ennathinte krithyamaaya nirvachanam kenttakki parishkaricha chattangalil § 160.020 kaanapedunnu
swatantra jillakal eathoru kaundi jillayil ninnum poornnamaayum vyathyasthamaan. rund tharatthilulla jillakalkkum kaundikalil ninnu swathanthramaayi nikuthi chumathaanulla adhikaaramund, ennirunnaalum avar chumathunna nikuthikal saadhaaranayaayi kaundi sarkkarukal bhouthikamaayi shekharikkunnu. 2019lum 2020lum ettavum aduthide swatantra jillakal adachupoottiyathinethundar, 120 kaundi jillakalkoppam 51 swatantra school jillakalum samsthaanathundu. vadakkan kentakkiyilum kizhakkan kalkari mekhalayilumaanu swatantra jillakalude ettavum valia saandrata kaanappedunnath. swatantra jillakale inipparayunnavayumaayi bandhappedutthaam
kentakki swatantra jillakalkku kaundi lineukal kadakkaan kazhiyum. caverna jilla nalkunna rund nagarangalum vyathyastha kaundikalilaanu. atharathilulla mattoru jilla oru kaundi line kondu vibhajichirikkunna nagaramaya corbynil sevanam nalkunnu.
newyork.
newyorkkile ettavum saadhaaranamaaya prathyeka jillayaan school jillakal. avar prathyeka vidyaabhyaasavum school gathagathavum ulppede ellah pothu vidyaabhyaasa sevanangalkkum nalkunnu, krameekarikkunnu, allengil karar cheiyunnu, randaamathethu pothumekhalaa skoolukalkkum.
school jillakal ore perulla nagarangal, pattanangal, gramangal allengil kugramangalumaayi krithyamaayi sahavarthikkunnu, athaayath oru kugramathilo graamatthilo thamasikkunna oru vyakthikk avarude kuttikale mattoru kugramathilo graamatthilo bandhapetta schoolilekku ayaykkaam. thamasakkaar thangal thamasikkunna athe school jillayilekku school nikuthi adaykkunnu, avarodoppam thamasikkunna eathoru kuttiyum schoolil pookunnu.[59] nikuthi adaykkunna ellah thaamasakkarkkum staar prograam nikuthi elavinu arhathayund, ithu phalatthil oru vyakthiyude praadhamika thaamasthalatthinte moolyam kuraykkunnathiloode thaamasasthalathe nikuthi bharam kuraykkunnu.
anchu school jillakal ozhike matellaam munisippal sarkkaarukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. 125, 000thiladhikam janasamkhyayulla anchu nagarangalil (pothu, newyork, rochasttar, syracuse, yonkezhs) vidyaabhyaasavum munisippal bajattinte bhagamaanu.[59]
newyork nagaratthile schoolukal niyanthrikkunnath newyork sitti department oof ejyukkeshanaanu, koodaathe nagaratthe 11 "school mekhalakalaayi" (10 bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradeshangalum vaikalyamulla vidyaarthikalkkaayi oru "jilla 75") vibhajichirikkunnu.]
samsthaanathu anchu tharam school jillakalundu, [59] oronninum alpam vyathyasthamaaya niyamangalund.
pothuvidyaalaya jilla
1812ll sthaapithamaaya pothuvidyaalaya jillakal samsthaanathe aadyathe tharam vidyaalaya jillakalaayirunnu. 2004 joolaiyil atharam 11 jillakal maathrame avasheshichirunnulloo. secondary vidyaabhyaasam nalkaan avarkk adikaaramilla. athinaal, jillayile vidyaarthikalkku haiskool vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnathinu avar ayal school jillakalumaayi karar undaakkanam. saadhaaranayaayi oru trasttiyo moonnu anga board oof trasttiyo jilla niyanthrikkum.[59]
union free school distrikt
1853-ll, niyamasabha union free school jillakal sthaapichu, avaa rando athiladhikamo pothuvaaya school jillakalude "union" yude falamaayundaakunna jillakalaanu, munbu highschoolukal pravarthippikkunnathil ninnu avare vilakkia niyanthranangalil ninnu "swatantra". 2004 joolaiyil itharathilulla 163 school jillakalundaayirunnu. highschoolukal pravarthippikkaan kazhinjittum eee jillakalil muppathiyonnu praadhamika vidyaabhyaasam maathramaan nalkiyathu. central school jillakalude bhaagamallaatha jillakal mattu jillakalumaayi karar undaakkukayo moonnu central haiskool jillakalil onnil sthithicheyyukayo cheythaanu secondary vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnathu. oro union free school jilla niyanthrikkunnath moonnu muthal ombathu vare amgangalulla vidyaabhyaasa bordaanu.[61]
central school jilla
newyorkkile ettavum pracharamulla school jillayaan central school jillakal. 2004 joolaiyil 460 jillakalaayirunnu itharathilullathu. 1914-leeii niyamanirmmaanatthinte falamaayi avaa aarambhichu. pothuvaaya, union free, koodaathe/allengil central school jillakalile eathu ennathil ninnum (onnu ulppede) central school jillakal roopappedaam. central school jillakalkku secondary vidyaabhyaasam nalkaan anuvaadamundu. vidyaabhyaasa boardil ancho ezho onpatho amgangal undaayirikkanam, koodaathe sevana dairkhyam moonno naalo ancho varshamayirikkanam, oronnum jillayile watermar theerumaanikkanam.[62]
central haiskool jilla
central school jillakalumaayi thettidharikkaruthu, newyork samsthaanathu moonnu central haiskool jillakal maathrameyulloo, ellaam nassaavu kaundiyil [63] bellmore-merick central haiskool distrikt, [64] sevanhaka central haiskool distrikt, [65] vaali stream central haiskool distrikt.[66] central haiskool jillakal rando athiladhikamo pothuvaaya allengil union free jillakalile vidyaarthikalkku secondary vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnu. 1917ll niyamanirmmanasabha adhikaarappeduthukayum 1944ll raddaakkukayum cheythathode 1981ll safolk kaundikku maathramaayi srishti punarnirmikkappettu. ithinakam sthaapithamaaya atharam jillakale radhaakkal baadichittilla.[63]
sitti school jilla
125, 000thiladhikam janasamkhyayulla nagarangalil (newyork sitti, pothu, yonkezhs, rochasttar, syracuse), sitti school jillakal nagaraparidhiyumayi bandhappettirikkunnu, vidyaabhyaasam munisippal bajattinte bhagamaanu. eee jillakalkku kadam vangano nikuthi chumathano kazhiyilla. newyork ozhikeyulla ivayilellaam thiranjedukkappettatho niyamichatho aaya vidyaabhyaasa bordinte sarkkar gadanayaanu. newyorkkile pothuvidyaabhyaasathinu oru chansalar neethrthwam nalkunnu, vidyaabhyaasa nayathinaayi 13 anga vidyaabhyaasa vakuppine niyamichittundu.[62]
125, 000-ll thaazhe janasamkhyayulla 57 nagarangalile sitti school jillakal munisippal sarkkaaril ninnu vyathyasthamaan, koodaathe nikuthi chumathanum kadam vaangaanum adhikaaramund. ancho ezho onpatho amgangalulla thiranjedukkappetta vidyaabhyaasa bordaanu oronninum bharanam nadathunnathu. cheria nagarangalkulla jillakal palappozhum nagara athirthikalkkappurathekka vyaapikkukayum avaye "vipuleekaricha sitti school jillakal" ennu vilikkukayum avayil ezhu "central sitti school jillakal" aayi punasamghadippikkukayum cheythu.[62]
supervisory school distrikt (bosus)
school jillakalude valare valia ennam (730) [67] kaaranam, avayil palathum valare cheruthaanu, avayil bhooribhaagavum 37 [68] supervisory jillakalaayi samghadippichirikkunnu. ivayil oronninum oru sahakarana vidyaabhyaasa sevana board (bosukal) undu. vaikalyamulla vidyaarthikalkkulla prathyeka klaasukal, tradeukal, physical therapy polulla medical thozhilukal allengil mattu prathyeka klaasukal enniva ulppede oro bossukalum ghadaka school jillakalkku svanthamaayi nalkaan budhimuttaayi kanakkaakkappedunna sevanangal nalkunnu.

