
ombathu sthreekal

engleesh eest midu landsile dernile staantan mooril sthithi cheiyunna oru kallu vrithamaanu onpathu sthreekal. bisi 3300 num 900 num edayilulla kaalaghattatthil, puthiya shilaayugathinte avasaanathilum aadyakaala venkalayugathilum brittan, ireland, brittani ennividangalil vyaapicha kallu vritha nirmmaana paarambaryatthinte bhagamaanu eee ombathu sthreekal. atharam smaarakangalude uddeshyam anjjaathamaanengilum, vrithangalude nirmmaathaakkalkk eee kallukal amanushika sathakale prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu puraavastu gaveshakar anumaanikkunnu.
10. 8 meter vyaasamulla eee shila vrithathil patthu milstoon gritt kallukal adangiyirikkunnu, ennirunnaalum niravadhi noottaandukalaayi ivayilonnu kuzhichittirunnu, ithu ombathu kallukal undayirunnathaayi thonnunnu. patthaam bhagam yadhaartha charitraatheetha roopakalppanayude bhaagamaayirunno atho pinneedulla kootticherkkalaayirunno ennu anjjaathamaanu. bhoomi vrithathinu chuttum uyarunnundengilum ithu manappoorvvam mankarayude bhaagamaayirunno atho mattu pravartthanangalude aasoothrithamallaatha falamaayirunno ennu vyakthamalla. orikkal valayathinullil oru pollayaya kallo oru mankudiyo nilayurappichirikkaam. chakratthinte thekkupadinjaraayi nilkkunna orotta ekashilayaaya rajakkall; onpathu vanita vrithangale manahpoorvvam paraamarshikkuvaanaano atho avayude saameepyam aakasmikamaano ennu ariyilla.
18, 19 noottaandukalil, eee onpathu sthreekal hayman rook, thomas baatmaan thudangiya puraavastu gaveshakarude shradha aakarshichu. 2000-ll puraavastu khananagal nadannu. pathonpathaam noottaandil vrithathinu chuttum oru mathil nirmmichenkilum 1985-ll neekkam cheythu. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal, onpathu sthreekale avide achaarangal nadathunna aadhunika purajaatheeya samghangal oru vishudha sthalamaayi kanakkakkunnu. 1999 muthal 2010 vare eee pradeshathinu chuttumulla pradeshathu onpathu vanita kwari virudha prachaaranangal nadannu, ithu aduthulla oru kwari pravartthanam thadayaan shramichu.
sthalam.
peak jillayile heath laandinte pradeshamaaya staantan moorinte vadakkan attathaanu ombathu sthreekal nilkkunnath. ithinu 297 muthal 298 meter vare uyaramundu. onpathu sthreekal bakewellinu moonnara mile thekk-kizhakkayi sthithicheyyunnu. puraavastu gaveshakanaaya abri burl staantan muur pradeshathe "keyne, ring-keyne, staanding stoon, kallu vrithangal ennivayude charitraatheetha shavakudeeram" ennaanu visheshippichathu. refom gopuratthinte vadakku/vadakkukizhakku 300 meter akaleyulla eee kallu kallu vrithathinte padinjaaru moonnu valia venkalakaala valayangal adangiya oru keyne semitheriyaan.
muur pradhaanamaayum aarogyamulla sthalamaanengilum, ombathu sthreekalkku sameepamulla pradeshathu fescue pullukalude aadhipathyamund. heather saittil ninnu neekkam cheyyukayum birch marangal kallukal kaiyerunnathu thadayukayum cheythu, ithu smaarakathinte drishyaparatha mechappeduthunnu.
sandarbham.
bisi naalaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum sahasraabdangalil aadyakaala navashilaayugathil ninnu avasaanathe navashilaayugathilekkulla parivartthanam valareyadhikam saambathikavum saankethikavumaaya thudarcha kandappol, nirmmicha smaarakangalude shailiyil, prathyekichu ippol thekkan, kizhakkan englandil ganyamaaya maattam sambhavichu. bisi 3000 aayappozhekkum, aadyakaala navashilaayugathil prabalamaayirunna neelamulla baarokal, coaswade enclosureukal, cursus enniva nirmmikkappedaathe vividha tharatthilulla vrithaakrithiyilulla smaarakangalal maattisthaapichu. manvettukal, thadi vrithangal, kallu vrithangal enniva ithil ulppedunnu. dveepinte thekkukizhakkan konil ozhike brittanil mikka pradeshangalilum kallu labhyamaan. avaa ettavum saandramaayi kendreekarichirikkunnathu thekkupadinjaaran brittanilum skotlandinte vadakkukizhakkan kombilum abardeenu sameepamaan. bii. sii. iii. 3000 num 1300 num idayil nadanna kettidanirmmaanatthinte pradhana gattamaaya bii. sii. iii. 3300 muthal 900 vare 2400 varsham neenduninnathaayirikkaam avayude nirmmaana paarambaryam.
eee shila vrithangal avaa srishtichathinu thottupinnaleyulla kaalayalavil manushya sandarshanathinte thelivukal valare kuravaanu. puraavasthushaasthraparamaayi drishyamaaya thelivukal avasheshippikkunna aachaarangalkkaayi upayogicha sthalangalalla avayennu ithu soochippikkunnuvennum ennaal "nishabdavum shoonyavumaaya smarakangalaayi" manahpoorvvam upekshichirikkamennum charitrakaaranaaya ronald hutton abhiprayappettu. puraavastu gaveshakanaaya mike parker piyarsan vaadikkunnathu, puthiya shilayuga brittanil kallu marichavarumaayum maram jeevichirikkunnavarumaayum bandhappettirunnuvenna. mattu puraavastu gaveshakar nirddeshichathu eee kallu poorvvikare prathinidheekarikkukayalla, marichu devathakal polulla mattu amanushika sathakale prathinidheekarikkunnunna.
kizhakkan brittaniludaneelam-kizhakkan madhyapradeshangal ulppede-dveepinte padinjaaru bhaagathekkaal valare kuravaanu, orupakshe ivide swaabhaavikamaayi kaanapedunna kallinte pothuvaaya kuravu kaaranam. kizhakk thadi vrithangalkkum manvettalukalkkum dhaaraalam thelivukalundu, ithu avayude kallu athiraalikalekkaal saadhaaranamaayirikkaamennu soochippikkunnu. aadhunika derr pradeshathu, ancho aaroo ariyappedunna shila vrithangalundu, ennirunnaalum charitraatheetha smaarakathinte vyathyastha shailiyaaya niravadhi valaya-kayarnukalude avashishtangalum saadhaaranamaanu, mathramalla ithu kallu valayangal pole kaanapedaam. shailiparamaayi, eee kaundiyil kaanappedunnava yorksheyaril kaanappedunnavaykku samaanamaan. kodumudiyaaya jillaykkullil, oru vrithathil upayogikkunna kallukalude ennamaayi onpathu palappozhum ishtappettirunnu. kodumudiyile oreyoru valia kallu vrithangal arber loow, bull ring ennivayaanu, eee rund smaarakangalum oru kallu vrithavum oru manpaathravum samyojippikkukayum manalkkall paalikalil sthithicheyyukayum cheiyunnu. doll toorr, onpathu kallukal enniva polulla chunnaambukallu attathinaduthulla kurachu cheria kallu vrithangalum undu.
roopakalppana, nirmmaanam, upayogam.
puraavastu gaveshakar onpathu sthreekalkku venkala yugam undennu avakaashappedunnu, ithu orupakshe aadyakaala venkala yugathil srishtikkappettathaakamennaa burl kooduthal vyakthamaayi soochippikkunnu. eee sthalam onniladhikam ghattangalaayulla nirmmaanathinu vidheyamaayirikkaam, udaaharanathinu, pinneedu maathrame kallukal cherttha oru mannukatta gadanayaayirunnirikkaam.
onpathu vanita kallu vritham 10.8m vyaasathil kizhakk ninnu vadakkukizhakku bhaagathekku thaazhekku charinja nilathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. 1907-leeii oru reportil vrithathil onpathu kallukal undaayirunnuvennum avayil onnu ozhike ellaam nivarnnu nilkkunnuvennum rekhappeduthiyittundu. 1977ll patthaam bhagam kandethi, ennirunnaalum ithu sarkkilinte charithratthile thaarathamyena sameepakaala ghattathil mattevideyengilum ninnu maattappettathaakam. praadeshikamaayi labhikkuna oru milstoon grittil ninnaan kallukal nirmmichirikkunnathu, ithu oru tharam idatharam daanyamulla manalkkallaan. eee kallukal "sradheyamallaathava" aanennu burl visheshippichu."avayude aakruthiyilum valippathilum vyathyaasamund, chilath" "chathuraakrithiyilulla cross sekshan blokkukalum" "mattullava vrithathinte chuttalavil vinyasichirikkunna neelamulla achuthandukalulla deerghachathuraakrithiyilulla slaabukalumaan". ettavum uyaram koodiya kallukal vadakku-kizhakk bhagathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, avaykku 0.9 meter uyaramundu. 2000-ll nadatthiya khananathil kuranjathu oru oorthostaattenkilum cheria kallukal kondu athinte dwaarathil pothinjathaayi soochippichu.
eee ombathu sthreekalekkurichu abhiprayappetta niravadhi puraavastu gaveshakar, dernile itharathilulla mattu niravadhi sthalangalilennapole, oru thaazhnna theeram kallu vrithathe valayam cheythathayi vishwasichu. vadakku-kizhakk, thekk-padinjaaru vashangalil praveshana kavaadangalundennu avar ithine visheshippichu, 1980 ll prasidheekaricha oru report anusarichu ithinu 3 meter veethiyum 0.6 meter uyaravumundu. eee theeratthinte gadanayekkurichu vividha nirddeshangal nalkappettu, chila puraavastu gaveshakar ithu bhoomiyil ninnaan nirmmichathennu abhiprayappettu, mattullavar ithu bhoomiyum kallum ulkkollunnathaanennu abhiprayappettu. ennirunnaalum, 2000-ll vrithathinte kizhakkan bhaagath nadatthiya khananathil manappoorvvam karayundaakkiyathin thelivukalonnum kandethiyilla. pakaram akathalathil ninnu neekkam cheyyumbol kallukalude purambhaagathu thadassamillaatha mannine avasheshippichathaan oru theeratthinte roopathinu kaaranamenn khanana vidagdhar nirnnayichu. uyarnna arikukal upekshikkunnathinayi mannine aantharikamaayum bahyamaayum kothivachirikkunna eee sthalam yadhaarthathil oru "virappicha" aakruthiyilaayirunnuvennu nirddeshikkaan ithu avare prerippichu. ithu oru kula baroyumaayi saamyamulla oru roopam nalkumaayirunnu.
pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathe rekhakal vrithathinte madhyathil oru savisheshathayundennu soochippikkunnu. 1780-ll thante saittinte rekhaachithrathil, puraathanakaalatthe hayman rook mothiratthinte madhyathil pollayayathupoleyulla oru chithram chithreekarichu; addehathinte prarambha rekhaachithrathe adisthaanamaakki oru vaattar kalar paintingil ithu athishayokthi cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1782-ll addeham ezhuthi, madhyathil oru kallundennu, 1793-ll varacha onpathu sthreekalude thithreekaranatthil addeham chithreekarichirikkunnu. eee malsaraadhishtitha avakaashavaadangal pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil mothiratthinte madhyathil yadhaarthathil enthaanu nilaninnirunnathennu nirnnayikkaan prayasakaramaakkunnu; oru kallu orikkal pollayaya nilayil nilkkunnuvennu rook sangalppichirikkaam, angane athu ippozhum undennu avakashappettu. oru badal saadhyatha, 1977ll kandethiya kallayirikke, orikkal madhyathil oru kallu undaayirunnuvennum athu neekkiyennum aanu. 19-aamm noottaandinteyum 20-aamm noottaandinteyum thudakkathil, chila niroopakar sarkkilinullil oru mankudiyude thelivukal undennu vishwasichu, athu smaarakathinte chithreekaranangalil ulppeduthiyittundile mattu nireekshakar ividathe nilam asamamaanennu paranju. 21-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil, oru aantharika kunninpuratthinte eathenkilum thelivukal illaathaayi. aalukal athilekku kuzhichathaanu bhaagikamaayi eee nashtam varuthiyathennu karuthappedunnu. oru kunninte aaropanathe adisthaanamaakki, burl soochippichathu orikkal vrithathinullil manushyaavashishtangal kuzhichitta oru tumulus nilakondirunnu ennaanu.
vrithathinte padinjaaru/thekk-padinjaaru 40 meter akale rajakkall ennariyappedunna oru ekashila (nilkkunna kallu) undu. chathuraakrithiyilulla burl ithine "slab poleyaanu" ennu visheshippichu. mothatthil, ithu 1.22m neelavum 0.60m veethiyum alakkunnu, kanam 0.09 num 0.38m num idayil vyathyaasappedunnu; athinte neelatthinte ekadesham 58 centimeter bhoonirappinu mukalil drishyamaanu. onpathu sthreekalile mattu kallukaleppole ithu milstoon gritt aanu. thekk-kizhakode valareyadhikam chaayunna oru konil athu nilathekku veezhunnu. eee kallu oru kaalath kallu vrithavumaayi bandhippikkunna oru avanyoovinte bhaagamaayirunnuvenn karuthappedunnu, ennirunnaalum 2000-ll ithinu chuttum nadatthiya khananathil aduthulla sthalathu mattethenkilum kallukal undaayirunnathinu thelivukalonnum kandethiyilla. rajakkall oru charitraatheetha savisheshathayayirikkilla, onpathu vanita vrithangalumaayi eathenkilum vidhathil bandhippikkunnathin ithu roopakalppana cheythittundennathinu krithyamaaya thelivukalonnumilla. rajakkall graafitti kondu poriyittundu; athil pathonpathaam noottaandil kothiyeduttha oru kurisinum poojyathinum oppam "bill stambukal" enna peru kothivachittundu. chaals dickensinte "dhii pikwik peppezhs" enna novalile oru konmaante peraanu bill stumps, graafitti addehathe manahpoorvvam paraamarshichirikkaam. palappozhum sameepat thaamasichirunna vyaja puraavasthukkalude vilppanakkaranaaya edward simpson aanu graafittiyude oru kuttavaali.
aadhunika charithram.
ombathu sthreekal" enna saittinte peru, britiish naadodikkadhakalil sthreekaleppolulla kallukale thirichariyaanulla vishalamaaya pravanathaye prathifalippikkunnu, ithu devon, konvaal ennivayile "ombathu kanyakamaar" ennu vilikkunna saittukalilum kaanapedunnu.
18 muthal 20 vare noottaandukal.
puraavastu gaveshakanaaya hayman rook, "archaeologia" jenalil prasidheekaricha staantan moorinte paithrukathekkurichulla 1782 leeii lekhanathil "oru druid kshethram" aayi thaan kanakkakkiya ombathu sthreekalude nilanilpp paraamarshichu. brittante charitraatheethakaala smarakangal nirmmichathu irumbukaala padinjaaran yooroppinte chila bhaagangalil sannihitharaya aachara vidagtharaaya druidukalaanenna ashayam 17,18 noottaandukalil puraavastu gaveshakarkidayil vishalamaaya pinthuna aakarshichu, ithu joonn abri, vilyam stookli thudangiya swaadheenamulla ezhuthukaar sweekarichu. purathanakaala thomas baatmaan 1848 ll ezhuthiya 'westijas oof dhii antiquities oof derr' enna pusthakatthil eee ashayam aavarthichu, athil addeham onpathu sthreekale oru 'druidical sarkkil' ennu visheshippichu."chuttumulla bhooprakrithi alankaricha smaarakathinte oru chithram addeham ulppeduthi.
1883-ll puraavastu gaveshakanaaya augustus pitt-reverse onpathu sthreekale sandarshikkukayum athinekkurichu oru varacha record undaakkukayum mikka kallukaludeyum alavukal alakkukayum cheythu. vrithathinte madhyabhagam kuzhicheduthathaanennu addeham thante vishwaasam rekhappeduthiyittundu. 
1882ll niyamamaya aadyathe purathana smaaraka samrakshana niyamathile pitt-reverse shedyulil ulppeduthiyittulla englandile 28 purathana smarakangalil onpathu vanithakalum weils ulppedunnu. adutha varsham ithu samsthaana samrakshanathilekku kondupoyi. eee ombathu sthreekale pinneedu jeey ennathil paraamarshichu. 1905ll prasidheekaricha derr oonn victoria kaundi histtari vaalyathil "aadyakaala manushyane" kurichulla vaardinte sambhavana, avide eee sthalam "ariyappedunnathaanu" ennu addeham abhiprayappettu."saittinte oru vivaranam pinneedu dablyu. yill prathyakshappettu. jeey. andrewyude "deryude charithraatheethakaalatthe kallu vrithangal" enna adhyayam jeey. chaals koksinte 1907 edittad vaalyam "memorials oof ooldu derr".
1870 aayappozhekkum, sarkkilin chuttum oru kallu mathil sthaapikkappettu, rajakollinu chuttum mattonn. pathittaandukalaayi, oorthostaattukaleppo thanne staantan moorinte oru savisheshatha avarkk parichithamayirunnirikkanam" ennu gilbert garton abhiprayappettu."1980kalode eee mathilukal kedupaadukal sambhavicha avasthayilaayirunnuvennu mathramalla 1985ll avaa polichumaattappedukayum cheythu. 1977ll, vrithathinu kizhakk oru pathaamatthe kallu kandethi, munkaala niroopakar orikkal oru kallu nilakollunnathayi soochippicha oru pradeshathu. 1977 augustil anjjaatharaaya vyakthikal poornnamaayum kandethunnathinu munbu, 1976 leeii mannolipum varalchayum chernnaanu eee kallu aadyam thurannukaattiyath. praadeshika puraavastu gaveshakan jeey. pii. derr archaeological jenalil" eee sambhavavikaasathekkurich heathcoat report cheythu.
irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanavum irupathiyonnaam noottaandinte thudakkavum.
2010ll, eee ombathu vanithakal kodumudiyile ettavum kooduthal sandarshikkappedunna charitraatheetha saittukalil onnaanenn sradhikkappettu. aaa sandarshakaril aadhunika purajaatheeyarum undaayirunnu, avarude saannidhyam kuranjathu 1980 muthal rekhappeduthiyittundu. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, brittanile aadhunika purajaatheeya samoohathinu idayil, prathyekichu madhyapradesangalil, eee sthalam prashasthamaayi. pala purajaatheeyarkkum, onpathu sthreekal oru vishudha sthalamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, staantan muur palappozhum oru vishudha bhooprakrithiyaayi kaanapettirunnu. avar eee kallu vrithathe aathmaakkalumaayo devanmaarumaayo poorvvikarumaayo edapazhakaanulla sthalamaayi kanakkakki, chilar athu oru lye line allengil spiritt trackilaanennu vishwasichu. vikkan, druids, anyamathakkar ennivayulppede vividha tharatthilulla purajaatheeyar avide achaarangal nadathiyittundu. eee achaarangal chilappol varshachakrathin anusrithamaayi seasonukal aaghoshikkunnathinaanu roopakalppana cheythirunnathu, ennirunnaalum upaharam ennariyappedunna vivaha chadangukal polulla prathyeka paripaadikalkkum. venalkkaala ayananthakaalam sandarshakarkku, prathyekichu purajaatheeyarkk oru janapriya samayamaayi mariyirikkunnu; 2020 leeii venalkkaala ayanaanthathinaayi noorukanakkinu aalukal onpathu sthreekalil othukoodi, ithu covid-19 vairasinte vyaapanam thadayunnathinulla sarkkar upadeshathe lamghikkunnathinaal maadhyamashradha aakarshichu.
eee sthalathe purajaatheeya achaarangalil japam, paatt, nritham, deeparadhana enniva ulppedunnu. anyamathakkar chilappol smaarakathin chuttum theyila vilakkukal, pookkal, nanayangal thudangiya bhauthika adayaalangal avasheshippikkunnu. aadhunika kaalath vrithathil kuzhichitta nilayil kandethiya vasthukkalil paralukal, minukkupanikal, plaastik cheepp, sigaratt paakkat enniva ulppedunnu. onpathu sthreekalkku nere manushya chithaabhasmavum chitharikkidannittundu. vrithathinaduthulla oru ookku maram oru chavattukuttayayi upayogichittundu, sandarshakar athil chavattukuttakalum ribanukalum mattu niravadhi vasthukkalum ottikkunnu; avaa aduthulla prakrithidatha paarappurathu kothupanikalum kothiyittundu. eee pravartthanatthinte bhooribhaagavum saittile mannidichil undakkaan kaaranamaayi, prathyekichu vrithathinullil thee kathichirunna sthalangalil-chilappol oorthostaattukalkku sameepam, pradhaanamaayum madhyathil aanenkilum, aavarthichulla theepidutthatthiloode pollal roopappetta sthalathaanu. pala kesukalilum, sandarshakar kallukalil sparsikkukayum avayil irikkukayum cheiyunnathu avayude mannolippinu kaaranamaakunnu. 1990leeii venalkkaala ayanaanthathil, eee sthalathe aakhoshangal rajakkall nilathu takarkkaan kaaranamaayi; 2000ll attakuttappanikal nadathunnathinumumbu ithu adhika kallukalaal valachu.
saittinte thakarchaykku marupadiyaayi, 1980-kalil engleesh paithrikam ithu samrakshikkunnathinulla nadapadikal sweekarichu. aadyam, avar 1985-ll 19-aamm noottaandile jeernnamaaya mathilukal neekkam cheythu, athinusesham saittin chuttumulla nilatthe paadukal nirachu soundaryavardhaka mattangal ettedukkaan avar oru karaarukaarane niyogichu. 1987-ll, kararukaaran ithu cheyyaan kwari maalinyangal upayogichu, saittinte puraavastu samagrathayil vittuveezhcha cheythu; puraavastu gaveshakarude melnottatthil cherttha vasthukkal neekkam cheythu. onpathu sthreekalil mannolipum adhapathanavum thudaraan saadhyathayundennu arinja engleesh heritteju 1988 ll eee sthalathe sarway nadatthaan trentineyum peak archaeological treastineyum niyamichu. 1988 meyy, 1990 januvari, 1990 november, 1991 november, 1992 november, 1994 august, 1997 november ennee varshangalil onpathu varshathilere edavelakalil spott-haitt sarvekalude oru padhathikku trastt melnottam vahichu. vardhichuvarunna naashanashtangalil aashankaakulanaayi, engleesh heritteju 2000 sharathkaalathil saittinte oru khananam samghadippichu. aarr kuzhikal thurannu, onnu nerittu kallu vrithavumaayi, mattonn rajakkallumaayi, mattu naalu geophysical sarveyil thiricharinja vairudhyangal parishodhikkunnathinaayi. charitraatheetha uthbhavam undennu vishwasikkappedunna orotta kandethal maathrame khananangalil ninnu kandethaanaayullu, orupakshe oru neenda side scrapper allengil katthi, oru punar sparshicha karakaushalavasthuvil ninnulla oru calcind flint. raajakollinaduthulla oru aswasthathayil ithu kandethi, orupakshe mrugangalude kuzhi moolamaayirikkaam ithu. khanana samayat, onpathu sthreekale oru pentakkil kondu alankarichu, blain, vaalikal enniva soochippikkunnathu ithu purajaatheeyar bhoomi samrakshikkunnathino khananathe anugrahikkunnathino nirmmichathaanennu soochippikkunnu.
onpathu vanithakalude kwari virudha pracharanam.
staantan moorinte bhagangal khananathinaayi upayogichittundu, onpathu sthreekalil, dayle view kwaariyile kwari pravartthanatthil ninnulla shabdam kelkkaam. 1999ll oru kwari kambani 42 varshathinullil 21.8 laksham tonn block manalkkall verthirichedukkuka enna uddeshyathode lease cross, endcliffe ennividangalil upekshikkappetta rund kwaarikal veendum thurakkunnathinaayi oru aaplikkeshan aarambhichu. eee kwari haaddan estettukalile bhoovudamayaaya loard edward maanesinu saambathikamaayi laabhakaramaanennu theliyikkum; 2004 ll, kwari virudha prathishedhakkaar eee ooppareshanil ninnu addehathinu ekadesham 100 dasalaksham poundu labhikkumenn kanakkakki. khananam cheiyunnathu shabdamalineekaranam vardhippikkumennum vanyajeevi aavaasavyavasthaye nasippikkumennum moorinte puraavastu sensitiivu paristhithiye nasippikkumennum pradeshavaasikalum paithruka maanejmentum purajaatheeyarum aashanka unnayichu.
1999 octoberil, anchu kwari virudha campainermaar onpathu vanita kwari virudha kaambeyninte peru sweekarichu saittin sameepam oru prathishedha camp sthaapichu. 2000 aayappozhekkum, eathu samayathum 20 muthal 30 vare prathishedhakkaar campil undaayirunnu, camp adhikrithar nirbandhithamaayi pirichuvidumenna abhyoohangalkku marupadiyaayi chilappol thaalkkaalikamaayi vardhicha janasamkhya. 2003lum 2005lum aasoothrana niyanthranangal upayogichu prathishedhakkaare ozhippikkaanulla sramangal parajayappettu. praadeshikamaayi sthirathaamasamaakkiya samudaayathinte prathishedha campinekkurichulla kaazhchappaadukal sammishramaayirunnu; chilar prathishedhakkaare pinthunaykkukayum bhakshanam konduvarikayum cheythu, mattullavar avare oru shalyamaayi kaanukayum puthiya khanana padhathikal munnott pokanamennu aagrahikkukayum cheythu.
prathishedhakkaarellaam purajaatheeyaraayirunnille, blain, valis ennivarude abhipraayathil mekhalayile purajaatheeya samooham "samgharsham thangaludethaanennu avakashappedaan thudangi". khananam moolamundaakunna bheeshanikalkkidayil, oru aachaaraparamaaya sthalamenna nilayil ombathu sthreekalude janapreeti purajaatheeyarkkidayil vardhichu. 2001 septambaril, birminghamil ninnulla niravadhi purajaatheeyar, dorsettil ninnulla oru druid groupinum pramukha druid aaktivist rajaavaaya arther pendragone oppam kallu vritham sandarshikkukayum "kallukal samrakshikkunnathinaayi" oorjjam vardhippikkunnathinulla oru aacharam nadathukayum cheythu."draagan network enna grouppumaayi bandhapetta mattullavar, kwaariyil ninnu samrakshikkaanulla shramathil saittin sameepam" "draagan bined-ruun" "chithrangal sthaapichu".
2004ll haikodathi rund kwaarikaleyum nishkriyamaayi tharamthirichu. theerumaanathinethire appeel undaayirunnu, ennaal 2005 juunil vargeekaranam sarivaykkappettu. athinartham peak distrikt naashanal paarkk authority avarkkayi oru koottam thozhil saahacharyangal amgeekarikkunnathuvare kwaarikal veendum thurakkaan kazhinjilla ennaanu. 2008ll sarkkilin sameepam khananam cheyyaanulla anumathi oduvil raddaki.
2010ll prathishedha camp pirichuvittu.