scru (lalithamaaya yanthram)

bhramana chalanathe rekheeya chalanamayum torkine (bhramanashakthi) rekheeya sakthiyaayum parivartthanam cheiyunna oru samvidaanamaanu scru. aarr classical lalithamaaya yanthrangalil onnaanith. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya roopathil purambhaagathu "threadukal" ennu vilikkunna helical groovukalo ridjukalo ulla oru silindar shaaft adangiyirikkunnu. scru mattoru vasthuvilo maadhyamathilo ulla oru dwaarathiloode kadannupokunnu, dwaarathinte akathu screwinte thredukalumaayi mesh cheiyunna thredukalundu. screwinte shaaft nischalamaaya noolukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, scru athinte akshatthiloode chuttumulla maadhyamavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol neengunnu; udaaharanathinu oru thadi scru karakkunnath athine maratthilekku nirbandhikkunnu. scru mekkanisangalil, onnukil scru shaftinu oru nischala vasthuvil oru thread dwaarathiloode karangaan kazhiyum, allengil nattu polulla thread collarinu nischala scru shaftinu chuttum karangaan kazhiyum. jyamitheeyamaayi, oru screwvine oru silindarinu chuttum pothinja idungiya charinja prathalamaayi kaanaan kazhiyum.
mattu lalithamaaya yanthrangaleppole oru screwin balam vardhippikkaan kazhiyum; shaafttile oru cheria bhramana balam (tork) oru loadle oru valia akshabalam prayogikkaan kazhiyum. pitch cheruthaanenkil (screwinte threadukal thammilulla dooram), mechanical nettam (aouttputtinte inputt fozhsinte anupatham) kooduthalaanu. vasthukkale orumichu pidikkaan thread cheytha faastanarukalil scrookalum kandeynarukal, visukal, scru jaakkukal, scru pressukal ennivaykkulla scru toppukal polulla upakaranagalilum scrookal vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu.
scrookal ennum vilikkappedunna athe thathwam upayogikkunna mattu samvidaanangalkku shafto thredukalo undayirikkanamennilla. udaaharanathinu, oru corkscru moorchayulla pooyintulla helix aakruthiyilulla vadi aanu, koodaathe oru aarkkimideesinte scru ennathu vellam mukalilekku neekkaan karangunna helical chamber upayogikkunna oru vaattar pump aanu. karangunna helixinu rekheeya chalanathinu kaaranamakum ennathaanu ellah scrookaludeyum pothuvaaya thathwam.
charithram.
kandupidicha lalithamaaya yanthrangalil avasaanathethaanu scru. bisi navaa-azrian kaalaghattatthil (911-609) mesopotemiyayilaanu ithu aadyamaayi prathyakshappettath, pinneedu purathana eejiptilum purathana greasilum prathyakshappettu.
bisi 234 oode greak thathwachinthakanaaya archemidies archemidies scru vaattar pambinekkurichu vivarikkunnathin kurachu kaalam munbu purathana eejipthilaan vaattar scru allengil scru pump aadyamaayi upayogichathennu rekhakal soochippikkunnu. skruvinekkurichu oru yanthramenna nilayil archemidies aadyakaala saidhaanthika patanam ezhuthukayum purathana greasil scru avatharippichathaayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheiyunnu. bii. sii onnaam noottaandode scru pressinteyum aarkkimideesinteyum screwinteyum roopathil scru upayogichu.
greak thathwachinthakar screwvine lalithamaaya yanthrangalilonnaayi nirvachichu, athinte (anuyojyamaaya) mechanical nettam kanakkakkaan kazhiyum. udaaharanathinu, heron oof alexandria (52 edii) screwvine "oru looad chalanathilaakkaan" kazhiyunna anchu samvidaanangalil onnaayi pattikapedutthi, oru silindarinu chuttum pothinja oru charinja thalamaayi athine nirvachichu, athinte nirmmanavum upayogangalum vivarichu,
penn scru threadukal murikkunnathinulla oru tapp vivarikkunnath ulppede.
sankeernamaaya helical aakruthi kaikondu kadinamaayi murikkendivannathinaal, purathana lokathile kurachu yanthrangalil scrookal linkejukalaayi maathrame upayogichirunnulloo. scru cutting laathukal vikasippichathinusesham pathinanjaam noottaandil maathramaan klokkukalil scru faastanarukal upayogikkaan thudangiyathu. europian paintingukalil ogarukaludeyum drillukaludeyum chithrangal prathyakshappedaan thudangiya eee samayat (vellathinu purame) drillingin chalikkunna vasthukkalkkum scru prathyakshatthil prayogichu. scru ulppedeyulla lalithamaaya yanthrangalude samboornna chalanathmaka sidhaantham 1600-ll itaaliyan shaasthranjanaaya galilio galeeli "leeii mccanishe" ("oonn mechanics") enna grandhatthil aavishkarichu.
leed aandu pitch.
oru screwinte noolukalude sookshumatha allengil parukkanthaye nirvachikkunnath adutha bandhamullah rund alavukalaana
single staartt" scrookal ennu vilikkappedunna mikka scrookalilum, avaykku chuttum orotta helical thread pothinjirikkunnathinal, leed, pitch enniva thulyamaanu. avaa parasparam izhachertha niravadhi thredukalulla "multiple staartt" scrookalil maathrame vyathyaasappedunnulloo. eee scrookalil leed ennathu pichinte "staarttukalude" ennam kondu gunikkunnathin thulyamaanu. oru nischitha bhramanathinaayi oru valia rekheeya chalanam aavashyamullappol multiple-staartt scrookal upayogikkunnu, udaaharanathinu kuppikalile scru kyaappukalilum booal pooyint penakalilum.
kaikondu.
oru screwinte noolinte helixinu saadhyamaaya rund dishakalilekku valayaan kazhiyum, ithu "handness" ennariyappedunnu. mikka scru threadukalum ooriyantad aayathinal mukalil ninnu kaanumbol, gadikaaradishayil thirikkumbol scru shaaft kazhchakkaaril ninnu akannupookunnu (scru karshanamaakkunnu). ithu "valamkaiyyan" ("rh") thread ennariyappedunnu, kaaranam ithu valamkaiyyan pidi niyamam pinthudarunnu valamkaiyude viralukal bhramana dishayil shaftinu chuttum valayumbol, thallaviral shaafttinte chalanatthinte dishayilekku viral choondum. ethirdishayil ooriyantad threadukal "idathu kaii" ("elech") ennariyappedunnu.
saadhaarana sanbradaayamanusarichu, valamkaiyyan ennathu scru thredukalude sthirasthithi kaimattamaanu. athinaal, mikka thread bhagangalkkum faastanarukalkkum valamkaiyyan thredukalundu. valamkaiyyan noolukal saadhaaranamaayitheernnathinta oru vishadeekaranam, oru valamkaiyyan vyakthiye sambandhichidatholam, oru valamkaiyyan scru strewer upayogichu irukkunnathu idathu kaiyyan scru irukkunnathinekkaal eluppamaanu, kaaranam ithu durbalamaaya pronettar peshiyekkaal kaiyude sakthamaaya sooppinettar peshi upayogikkunnu. mikka aalukalum valamkaiyyan aayathinal, valamkaiyyan noolukal thread cheytha faastanarukalil saadhaaranamaayi maari.
yanthrangalile scru linkejukal ozhivaakkalukalaan; avaa kooduthal baadhakamaayavaye aashrayich valathuvashatho idamkaiyyiloo aakam. mattu chila prayogangalilum idathu kaii scru threadukal upayogikkunnu
scru threadukal.
vyathyastha aavasyangalkkaayi upayogikkunna scrookalil thredukalude vyathyastha aakruthikal (profileukal) upayogikkunnu. vividha nirmmathaakkal nirmmicha bhagangal shariyaayi inacherunnathinaayi scru threadukal staanderdais cheythirikkunnu.
thread angle.
noolinte rund bairing faceukalkkidayilulla achuthandinu samaantharamaayi alakkunna ulppeduthiya konaanu "thread angle". aksheeya looad shakthiyum bairing uparithalathilekkulla normal konum thammilulla koonn ekadesham thread aamgilinte pakuthikk thulyamaanu, athinaal thread angle oru screwinte gharshanathilum kaaryakshamathayilum athupole thanne verre rettilum shakthiyilum valia swaadheenam cheluthunnu. thread angle kooduthalaanengil, looad vektarum uparithalavum thammilulla angle kooduthal normal aakum, athinaal oru nischitha lodinu pinthuna nalkaan aavashyamaaya threadukal thammilulla normal fozhsu kooduthalaanu. athinaal, thread angle vardhippikkunnathu screwinte gharshanavum kshayam vardhippikkunnu.
puratthekku abhimukeekarikkunna konulla nool vahikkunna uparithalathil, looad fozhsu pravartthikkumbol, nattil oru radial (puratthekku) fozhsu prayogikkukayum ithu tensile stress undaakkukayum cheiyunnu. eee radial "pottitherikkunna shakti" noolkonil vardhikkunnathinanusaricha vardhikkunnu. nattu metteeriyalinte tensile shakti aparyaapthamaanengil, valia nool konulla oru nattil amithamaya looad nattu vibhajikkum.
nool konum noolukalude sakthiye swaadheenikkunnu; valia konulla noolukalkku avayude valuppavumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol vishalamaaya verukalundu, avaa shakthavumaan.
noolukalude tharangal.
thread cheytha faastanarukalil, faasttanar anscrove cheiyunnathu thadayaan valia alavil gharshanam sveekaaryavum saadhaaranayaayi aavasyavumaanu. athinaal faastanarukalil upayogikkunna threadukalkk saadhaaranayaayi 60° valia thread angle undu
leed scrookal allengil jacq scrookal polulla mesheen linkejukalil, ithinu vipareethamaayi, gharshanam kuraykkanam. athinaal, cheria konukalulla noolukal upayogikkunnu
upayogikkunnu.
scru propeller, "scru" enna peru pankidunnundenkilum, melpparanja scrookalil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaaya bhauthika thathwangalil pravartthikkunnu, eee lekhanathile vivarangal athinu baadhakamalla.
dooram neengi.
oru scru shaaft formula 2 digri koniloode thirikkumbol neengunna rekheeya dhoora soothravaakyam
ivide formula _ 4 screwinte leed aanu.
oru lalithamaaya yanthrathinte "dhoora anupatham" ennathu prayogicha balam neengunna doorathinteyum looad neengunna doorathinteyum anupaathamaayi nirvachikkappedunnu. oru screwvine sambandhichidatholam ithu vrithaakrithiyilulla dooramaaya "dinn"-nte anupaathamaan, shaafttinte arikilulla oru pooyint shaaft neengunna "dautt" enna rekheeya dooratthilekku neengunnu. r" ennathu shaafttinte aaram aanenkil, oru thiriyil screwinte arikile oru pooyint 2π "r" dooram neengumbol athinte shaaft leed dooram "l" kondu rekheeyamaayi neengunnu. athinaal dhoora anupatham
gharshanarahithamaaya mechanical nettam.
oru screwinte mechanical nettam "maa" ennathu oru loadle shaaft prayogikkunna axial outtputtu fozhsu "fauttu"-umm athu tirikkaan shaafttinte arikilekku prayogikkunna bhramana sakthiyaaya "phiin"-num ulla anupaathamaayi nirvachikkappedunnu. gharshanamillaatha oru screwin ("ideal scru" ennum vilikkunnu), oorjja samrakshanathil ninnu inputt fozhsu thirikkunna screwill cheytha jolie looad fozhsile scru cheytha jolic thulyamaanu 
varkk ennathu athu pravartthikkunna doorathaal gunikkunna balatthinu thulyamaanu, athinaal screwinte oru poornnamaaya thirivilaan cheiyunna jolie formula _ 7 aanu, loadle cheiyunna jolie formula _ 8 aanu. athinaal oru screwinte "anuyojyamaaya" mechanical nettam "dhoora anupatham" nuu thulyamaanu
oru screwinte mechanical nettam athinte leed, formula _ 4-neey aashrayichirikkunnuvennu kaanaan kazhiyum. athinte threadukal thammilulla dooram cheruthaanenkil, mechanical nettam valuthum screwin oru nischitha prayogicha balathinaayi prayogikkaan kazhiyunna shakthiyum valuthaanu. ennirunnaalum mikka yadhaartha scrookalkkum valia alavil gharshanamundu, avayude mechanical nettam melpparanja samavaakyathil nalkiyittullathinekkaal kuravaanu.
tork roopam.
screwill prayogikkunna bhramana balam yadhaarthathil oru tork formula _ 10 aanu. ekkaaranathaal, oru scru tirikkaan aavashyamaaya inputt fozhsu athu shafttil ninnu ethra akaleyaan prayogikkunnathu ennathine aasrayichirikkunnu; shafttil ninnu ethra akaleyaano, athu tirikkaan kuranja balam aavasyamaanu. mukalil anumaanichathupole oru screwill balam saadhaaranayaayi rimil prayogikkunnilla. ithu palappozhum eathenkilum tharatthilulla liver upayogichaanu prayogikkunnathu; udaaharanathinu oru boult oru liveraayi pravartthikkunna oru rinch vazhi thirikkunnu. melpparanja samavaakyathil "r" ennathinu liver aarminte neelam upayogichu eee saahacharyathil mechanical nettam kanakkakkaam. eee baahyaghadakamaaya "r" torkkinte adisthaanathil ezhuthi melpparanja samavaakyathil ninnu neekkam cheyyaan kazhiyum
yadhaartha mechanical nettavum kaaryakshamathayum.
chalikkunnathum nischalavumaaya noolukal thammilulla sliding sanbarkkathinte valia pradesham kaaranam, scrookalkku saadhaaranayaayi valia gharshana oorjja nashtamundu. nannayi lubricated jacq scrookalkku polum 15%-20% maathram kaaryakshamathayund, avaa thirikkunnathil prayogikkunna backie jolikal gharshanathaal nashtappedunnu. gharshanam ulppeduthumbol, mechanical nettam inii dhoora anupaathathinu thulyamalla, marichu screwinte kaaryakshamathayeyum aasrayichirikkunnu. oorjja samrakshanathil ninnu, screwill inputt fozhsu thirikkunna "winn" enna jolie looad "outtu" neekkunna joliyude aakethukayaan, screwill "doublufric" enna gharshanathiloode choodaakki illaathaakkunna joliyum.
0 num 1 num edayilulla alavillaatha samkhyayaanu karyakshamatha "η", ithu outtputtu varkkinteyum inputt varkkinteyum anupaathamaayi nirvachikkappedunnu.
neekkiya doorathaal gunikkunna shakthiyaayi varkkine nirvachikkunnu, athinaal formula _ 15 umm formula _ 16 umm athinaal
allengil torkkinte kaaryatthil
athinaal oru yadhaartha screwinte mechanical nettam karyakshamatha formula _ 20 vazhi anuyojyamaaya, gharshanarahita screwill ninnu kuraykkunnu. avayude kuranja karyakshamatha kaaranam, powered meshinarikalil scrookal palappozhum valia alavil power kaimarunnathinulla linkukalaayi upayogikkunnilla, pakshe idaykkide pravartthikkunna positionerukalil kooduthalum upayogikkunnu.
svayam-loock cheytha swath.
valia gharshana sakthikal praayogika upayogathilulla mikka scrookalum "selph-locking" aayirikkan kaaranamaakunnu, ithine "noonn-reciprocal" allengil "noonn-overholling" ennum vilikkunnu. ithinartham shafttil oru tork prayogikkunnathu athu tirian kaaranamakum, ennaal shaafttinethire axial looad fozhsu prayogicha tork poojyamaanengilum athu maruvashathekku madangaan kaaranamakilla. ithu "reciprocal" allengil "noonn locking" aaya mattu chila lalithamaaya yanthrangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, athaayath looad fozhsu mathiyaayathaanengil avaa pinnott neengukayo allengil "overhole" cheiyukayo cheyyum. athinaal, yanthram rund dishakalilum upayogikkaam. udaaharanathinu, oru liveril, looad endile fozhsu valare valuthaanenkil athu pinnott neengukayum prayogicha fozhsil pravartthikkukayum cheyyum. mikka scrookalum svayam-locking aayi roopakalppana cheythittullavayaanu, shafttil torkkinte abhaavathil avaa avasheshikkunna eathu sthaanathum thudarum. ennirunnaalum, mathiyaya valia pichum nalla lubrication ulla chila scru mekkaanisangal svayam-locking allah, avaa overhole cheyyum, koodaathe push drill polulla valare kurachu perr eee "backward" ardhathil scru upayogikkunnu, scru tirikkaan shafttil axial fozhsu prayogikkunnu. scrookal ayanjupokaanulla mattu kaaranagal asambliyude thettaaya roopakalppanayum shock, vibration, dynamic lodukal enniva polulla baahya shakthikalum thread cheythathum inacherthathumaaya/clamp cheytha prathalangalil vazhuthippokunnu.
thadi scrookal, sheett mettal scrookal, stadukal, bolttukal thudangiya thread cheytha faastanarukalil scru valare valia thothil upayogikkunnathinu eee svayam-locking property oru kaaranamaan. faasttanar thirikkukayum athu karshanamaakkukayum cheiyunnathu vasthukkalkko bhagangalkko compression fozhsu nalkunnu, ennaal bhaagangalil ninnulla oru shakthiyum scru pinnott tiriyanum karsanamaakkaanum kaaranamakilla. scru topp container lids, visukal, sii-klaambukal, scru jaakkukal ennivayil scrookal upayogikkunnathinulla adisthaanam koodiyaanu eee property. jacq shaaft thirikkunnathiloode oru bharameriya vasthu uyarthaam, ennaal shaaft purathuvidumbol athu uyarthunna uyarathil thanne nilanilkkum.
oru scru athinte karyakshamatha formula _ 20 50 sathamaanathil thaazheyaanenkil maathram athu svayam-loock cheyyum.
oru scru svayam-lokkucheyyunnundo ennathu aathyanthikamayi pitch konineyum thredukalude gharshanathinte gunakatheyum aasrayichirikkunnu; valare nannayi lubricated, kuranja gharshana threadukal mathiyaya valia pitch upayogichu "overhole" cheythekkaam. chalanathe poornnamaayum thadayaan kazhiyunnathra murukkiya gadakangal murukkiyittundennu urappakkaanum pariganana nalkanam. illengil, noolukalil vazhuthippokukayo uparithalathil clamp cheiyukayo cheyyaam.
paraamarshangal.
 

