
power sisttam samrakshanam

electrical netvarkkinte backie bhaagangalil ninnu thakaraarulla bhagangal vichedikkunnathiloode vaidyutha samvidaanangale thakaraarukalil ninnu samrakshikkunna electrical power enchineeyaringinte oru shaakhayaanu power sisttam protection. netvarkkinte paramavadhi pravarthanakshamamaakkumbol thakaraarulla gadakangal maathram verthirichu vaidyuthi samvidaanam susthiramaayi nilanirthuka ennathaanu oru samrakshana padhathiyude lakshyam. vaidyuthi samvidaanangale thakaraarukalil ninnu samrakshikkaan upayogikkunna upakaranangale samrakshana upakaranangal ennu vilikkunnu.
gadakangal.
samrakshana samvidaanangalil saadhaaranayaayi anchu gadakangal adangiyirikkunnu.
oru vitharana samvidaanathinte bhaagangalkk, fuseukalkku thakaraarukal manassilakkaanum vichedikkaanum kazhiyum. 
insulation parajayam, veenatho thakarnnatho aaya transmission lineukal, surcuted breakerukalude thettaaya pravartthanam, short sarcuteukal, ooppan sarcuteukal enniva polulla oro bhaagathum parajayangal sambhavikkam. swathukkalude samrakshanavum oorjjathinte thudarchayaaya vitharanam urappakkalum lakshyamittaanu samrakshana upakaranangal sthaapikkunnathu.
vaidyutha upakaranangal niyantrikkaanum samrakshikkanum verthirikkaanum upayogikkunna electrical disconnect svichukal, fuseukal allengil surcuted brakerukal ennivayude samyojanamaanu switchgear. saadhaarana looad karantil svichukal thurakkaan surakshithamaan (chila svichukal saadhaarana allengil asaadhaarana saahacharyangalil pravartthikkaan surakshithamalla), athesamayam suraksha upakaranangal folt karantil thurakkaan surakshithamaan. valare pradhanappetta upakaranagalkk poornnamaayum anaavasyavum swathanthravumaaya samrakshana samvidaanangal undayirikkaam, athesamayam oru cheria branch vitharana line valare lalithamaaya kuranja chelavil samrakshanam undayirikkaam.
samrakshanathinte tharangal.
hye-volteju transmission network.
transmission, distribution sisttathinte samrakshanam rund pravartthanangal cheiyunnu plaantinte samrakshanavum pothujanangalude samrakshanavum (jeevanakkar ulppede). adisthaana thalatthil, amithabharam allengil bhoomiyilekku hrasvamaayi anubhavappedunna upakaranangal samrakshanathil ninnu vichedikkappedunnu. transformerukal polulla substationukalile chila enangalkku thaapanila allengil vathaka marddathe adisthaanamaakki adhika samrakshanam aavashyamaayi vannekkaam.
janarettar settukal.
oru power plaantil, aantharika parajayangal, insulating parajayangal allengil niyanthrana thakaraarukal enniva kaaranam aaltarnettarukalkko transformerukalkko kedupaadukal sambhavikkunnath thadayaan uddeshichullathaanu protective relakel. atharam parajayangal asaadhaaranamaanu, athinaal samrakshana relakel valare apoorvamaayi maathrame pravarthikkendathulloo. oru protective rile oru takaraar kandethunnathil parajayappettaal, alternatorino transformarino undaakunna kedupaadukalkk chelaveria upakaranangalude attakutappanikalo maattisthaapikkalo aavashyamaayi vannekkaam, athupole oorjjam uthppaadippikkaanum vilkkanumulla kazhivillaaymayil ninnulla varumaana nashtavum.
ovarloadum doorathinaayulla backup (ovar karant).
overload parirakshaykk oru sarkyoottile karant alakkukayum munkootty nischayicha moolyavumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum cheiyunna oru karant transformer aavasyamaanu. rund tharatthilulla overload parirakshayunda thalkshana ovarkarant (aiosi), time ovarkarant (toc). thalkshana ovarkarantinu surcuted breaker pravarthippikkunnathinni vaidyuthadhaara munkootty nischayicha nila kaviyanam. samayathinte melnottatthilulla samrakshanam pravartthikkunnathu karant vezhsas time karvine adisthaanamaakkiyaanu. eee vakrathe adisthaanamaakki, alanna vaidyuthadhaara munkootty nischayicha samayathekku oru nischitha nila kaviyukayaanengil, surcuted breaker allengil fuse pravartthikkum. rund tharangaludeyum pravartthanam ithil vishadeekarichirikkunnu.
erthu falt/graundu falt.
erthu folt protectionu karant transformerukal aavashyamaayi varikayum moonnu gattangalulla sarkyoottile asanthulithaavastha manassilakkukayum cheiyunnu. saadhaaranayaayi moonnu ghatta vaidyuthadhaarakal santhulithaavasthayilaanu, i.iii. vyapthiyil ekadesham thulyamaanu. onno rando gattangal kuranja impedence paathayiloode bhoomiyumaayi bandhippikkappettal, avayude vyapthiyum nilavile asanthulithaavasthayum ganyamaayi vardhikkum. eee asanthulithaavastha munkootty nischayicha moolyathe kaviyukayaanengil, oru surcuted breaker pravartthikkanam. rund settu karant transformerukalkkidayil (athinaal aaa mekhalayil parimithappedutthiyirikku) bhoomiyile thakararukalkkaayi thirayunna oru tharam bhouma takaraar samrakshanamaanu niyantritha bhouma takaraar samrakshanam.
dooram (impedence rile).
doorasamrakshana samvidaanam voltage vaidyuthadhaarayum kandethunnu. oru sarkyoottile oru takaraar saadhaaranayaayi volteju thalatthil oru maandyam srishtikkum. rile terminalukalil alakkunna voltejinteyum vaidyuthadhaarayudeyum anupatham oru impedensinu thulyamaanengil, munkootty nischayicha thalathinullil surcuted breaker pravartthikkum. 10 myliladhikam neelamulla nyayamaaya neelamulla lineukalkku ithu upayogapradamaanu, kaaranam avayude pravartthana savisheshathakal line savisheshathakale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. ithinartham lainil oru folt prathyakshappedumbol rileyile impedence krameekaranam rile terminalukalil ninnu foltilekkulla laininte prathyaksha impedensumaayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu ennaanu. rile krameekaranam prathyaksha impedensinu thaazheyaanennu nirnnayikkukayaanenkil, thettu samrakshana mekhalaykkullil aanennu nirnnayikkappedunnu. transmission laininte neelam valare cheruthaanenkilum 10 mylil thaazheyaanenkil, dhoora samrakshanam ekopippikkaan kooduthal budhimuttaayirikkum. eee sandarbhangalil ettavum mikacha samrakshana oopshan karant deferential protectionaanu.
backup.
chediyude badhita bhagam maathram neekkam cheyyuka ennathaanu samrakshanathinte lakshyam, mattonnum. oru surcuted breaker allengil protection rile pravartthikkunnathil paraajayappettekkam. pradhanappetta samvidaanangalil, praadhamika samrakshanathinte parajayam saadhaaranayaayi backup samrakshanathinte pravarthanatthinu kaaranamakum. vidoora backup samrakshanam saadhaaranayaayi chediyude baadhichathum baadhikkaathathumaaya enangal neekkam cheyth thettu neekkam cheyyum. local backup protection takaraar neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi plaantinte baadhicha enangal neekkam cheyyum.
kuranja volteju netvarkkukal.
loow-volteju network saadhaaranayaayi ovarloadum erthu folttukalum neekkam cheiyunnathinu fuseukale allengil loow-volteju surcuted breakerukale aasrayikkunnu.
saibar suraksha.
transmission aandu kantrol sisttam ulppedeyulla parasparam bandhippichirikkunna valia electrical sisttamaaya bulk sisttam ellah divasavum puthiya saibar suraksha bheeshanikal neridunnu. ("electric grid saibar security", 2019). eee akramanangalil bhooribhaagavum gridukalile niyanthrana samvidaanangale lakshyamidunnu. eee niyanthrana samvidaanangal internettumaayi bandhippichirikkunnathil hackermark avaye aakramikkunnath eluppamaakkunnu. eee akramanangal upakaranagalkk kedupaadukal varuthukayum yoottility professionalukalude sisttam niyantrikkaanulla kazhivu parimithappedutthukayum cheyyum.
ekopanam.
asaadhaaranamaaya vaidyutha saahacharyangal undaakumbol vaidyuthadhaarayude thadassathinte "ettavum anuyojyamaaya" samayam nirnnayikkunna prakriyayaan samrakshana upakarana ekopanam. oru takaraar kazhiyunnathra paramavadhi kuraykkuka ennathaanu lakshyam. charitraparamaayi, ardhasuthaaryamaaya logue-logue pepparil samrakshana upakarana ekopanam nadathiyirunnu. aadhunika reethikalil saadhaaranayaayi vishadamaaya computer adhishtitha vishakalanavum reporting ulppedunnu.
vaidyuthi samvidaanathe samrakshana mekhalakalaayi vibhajichukondu samrakshana ekopanavum kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. oru nischitha mekhalayil oru takaraar sambhavikkukayaanenkil, aaa mekhalaye muzhuvan samvidaanathil ninnum verthirikkaan aavashyamaaya nadapadikal nadappilaakkum. janarettarukal, basukal, transformerukal, transmission, distribution lineukal, motorukal ennivaykku soonn nirvachanangal undu. koodaathe, sonukalkku inipparayunna savisheshathakal undu sonukal ovarlaappu cheiyunnu, ovarlaappu pradeshangal surcuted breakerukale soochippikkunnu, koodaathe oru nischitha sonile ellah surcuted brakerukalum folt verthirichariyaan thurakkum. rund settu instrument traansformarukalum oro surcuted breakerinum rilekalum chernnaanu ovarlaappu cheytha pradeshangal srishtikkunnathu. surakshithamallaatha pradeshangal illaathaakkunnathinulla aavarthanathinaayi avaa roopakalppana cheythittullathaanu; ennirunnaalum, ovarlaappu cheytha pradeshangal kazhiyunnathra cheruthaayi thudaraan roopakalppana cheythirikkunnu, athaayath oru ovarlaappu mekhalayil oru takaraar sambhavikkukayum thakaraarine ulkkollunna rund sonukal verthirikkappedukayum cheyyumbol, rund sonukal verthiricheduthittum sevanathil ninnu nashtappedunna power sisttathinte mekhala ippozhum cheruthaanu.
aswasthatha nireekshikkaanulla upakaranangal.
disturbance-monittaring upakaranangal (dme) oru thakararumaayi bandhapetta sisttam daatta nireekshikkukayum rekhappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. dme moonnu pradhana lakshyangal niravettunnu
dme upakaranagalil iva ulppedunnu 
prakadana nadapadikal.
inn-soonn thakararukalkk shariyaayi pravarthikkaanulla samrakshana samvidaanathinte pravanathayaanu samrakshana enchineeyarmaar aashrayayogyathaye nirvachikkunnath. mekhalaykku purathulla thakararukalkk vendi pravarthikkaathirikkaalanu pravanathayaanu avar surakshaye nirvachikkunnath. vishwaasyathayum surakshyum vishwaasyathayude prasnangalaanu. oru protection enchineeyarkku nirddishta samrakshana padhathikalude aapekshika vishwaasyatha thaarathamyam cheyyaan kazhiyunna oru upakaranamaan folt trea vishakalanam. oru samrakshana samvidaanam mechappeduthunnathinum, suraksha edapaadukalkkethiraaya ashrayakshamatha kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum, kuranja panatthinu mikacha phalangal nedunnathinum, samrakshana vishwaasyatha alakkunnathu pradhaanamaan. malsaraadhishtitha yoottility vyavasaayathil alavu manassilaakkendathu athyaavasyamaanu. 
vishwaasyatha-vishwaasyathayum surakshyum
samrakshana samvidaanangalude vishwasaneeyamaaya pravarthanatthinu rund vashangalunda ashrayayogyathayum surakshyum. power sisttathil ninnu oru thakaraarulla ghadakam neekkam cheyyaan aavashyappedumbol pravarthikkaanulla samrakshana samvidaanathinte kazhivaanu aashrithathvam. oru baahya takaraar samayat pravartthikkunnathil ninnu svayam niyantrikkaanulla samrakshana samvidaanathinte kazhivaanu suraksha. samrakshana samvidaanam roopakalppana cheiyunnathil surakshyum ashrayayogyathayum thammilulla uchithamaaya santhulithaavastha thiranjedukkunnathinu enchiniyaring vidhi aavasyamaanu, ithu oro kesinum anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu.

