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neeravi lokkomotteevukalude chakra krameekaranam anusarichu vargeekarikkunnathinulla vaitt notteshanu keezhil, naalu leading veelukal, patthu power, cuppled driving veelukal, rund trailing veelukal ennivayude krameekaranatthe prathinidheekarikkunnu. chakra krameekaranam aadyamaayi upayogicha dakshinaafrikkayil eee tharam reed tenne wheeler ennariyappettirunnu. american aikyanaadukalil ithu thekkan pasaphik reyilveyile thekkan pasaphik ennum union pasaphik reyilveyile oru bhoopradeshamaayum ariyappettirunnu.
avalokanam.
1899ll naattaal kolaniyile naattaal gavanment reyilveyil (enn. jii. aarr), oru enn. jii. aarr. doubs eiii. dii. 1 tii. locomotteevinte onnara madangu vare kondupokaan kazhiyunna oru locomotteevinte aavasyakatha niravettunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha oru tank locomotivilaanu eee chakra krameekaranam aadyamaayi upayogichathu.
amerikkayil, eee tharatthilulla oru lalithamaaya vipuleekarana (simplexes) pathipp thekkan pasaphik, union pasaphik reyilvekalil maathrame upayogichirunnulloo. baldwin locomotive varkkukal 1926-ll oru pareekshanathmaka samyuktha vipuleekaranam nirmmichu, ennaal eee enchinte bharavum neelavum ellaavarkkum valare kooduthalaayirunnathinal, bhaarameriyathum nerayathumaaya trackin samyuktha neeravi locomotteevukalkkum ithinakam thanne yunaittad stetts reyilveyil preethi nashtappettirunnathinal, athinte pradarshana oottangal thaalparyam srishtikkunnathil parajayappettu, kooduthal uthppaadippikkappettilla.
upayogam.
brazeel.
1936ll henshell nirmmicha tender locomotteevukal brazeelil undaayirunnu. iva 1940ll gej aakki maatti.
dakshinaafrikka.
dakshinaafrikka 1899num idayil naattal gavanment railway (enn. jii. aarr) 101 tank locomotteevukal sevanathil earppeduthi. jii aanu locomotive roopakalppana cheythath.dablyu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil enn. jii. aarinte locomotive sooprandaayirunna raid, doubs aandu kambaniyum puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya vadakkan britiish locomotive kambaniyum chernnu skotlandil nirmmichu. enn. jii. aaril, locomotive tharam reed tenne wheeler ennariyappedukayum audyogikamaayi klaas sii aayi ariyappedukayum cheythu.
locomotive pooritha neeravi upayogikkukayum allen strait link valve gear sajjeekarikkukayum cheythu. pinnil chakrangal cartasy tharatthilaayirunnu, athu aaksiline kurachu parshwa chalanathinu anuvadichu. moorchayulla valavukal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi, onnum anchum settu cuppled veelukal flang less aayirunnu, ennaal andhamaya trail cuppled veelukalkku reverse cheyyumbol, prathyekichu pooyintukalil, paalam thettanulla pravanatha undayirunnathinaal avayude tayar veethi pinneedu vardhippichu. 1912-ll, dakshinaafrikkan railway sthaapithamaayathinushesham, nilanilkkunna parishkkarikkappedaathu enn. jii. aarr. locomotteevukalkku klaas echu ennu namakaranam cheythu.
cheythu 1901lum randaam boyer yudhathinte avasaanathil imperial milittari railway doubs aandu kambaniyil ninnum neelson, raid aandu kambaniyil ninnum 35 raid tenvealer locomotteevukal swanthamaakki. yudhaanantharam avar central southu aafrikkan reyilveyude (sii. ezz. eiii. aarr) pattikayil vannu, avar avare klaas iii ennu namakaranam cheythu. 1903ll sii. ezz. eiii. aarr avayil aarennam lokomotteevukalaayum 1905 muthal bakkiyullava tank-aandu-tender lokomotteevukalaayum maatti.
1927ll thanne whitbank kolarikal oru puthiya reed tenne veelarinaayi anthima oordar nalki. eee roopakalppanaykkaayi nirmmicha motham 137 locomotteevukal lokamembaadum upayogikkunna matellaa lokomotteevukaludeyum erattiyaayirunnu, ivayellaam amerikkayilum brazililum sevanamanushticha tender lokkomotteevukalaayirunu.
america.
american aikyanaadukalil, eee tharam thekkan pasaphik railroad (ezz. pii.), union pasaphik railroad (upp) ennivayil maathrame upayogichirunnulloo, avar korpparettu padamaaya "overland root" ennathinu sesham ithine overland ennu vilichu. eee chakra krameekaranatthile arupath locomotteevukal maathramaan aabhyanthara sevanathinaayi nirmmichathu, onnu ozhike ellaam simplexes three silindar enchinukalaayi nirmmichu.
1925-ll, american locomotive kambaniyumaayi (alco) pathinaar lokomotteevukalkkaayi ezz. pii. oordar nalki, athe varsham thanne pinneedu orennam oordar cheythu. aadyathe ezz. pii. locomotive, illa. 5000, 1925 eprilil poortthiyaayi, athesamayam up locomotive, nambar. 8000, adutha maasam poortthiyaayi. eathaanum masangalkkullil, ezz. pii. eee enchinukal kooduthal oordar cheyyukayum 49 perude oru kappalnira nirmmikkukayum cheythu. maruvashathu, oordarukal aavarthikkunnathinum patthu lokkomotteevukalude oru kappal sthaapikkunnathinum munbu pathimoonnu maasam kaathirunnu. 59 ennavum alco nirmmicha simplexes lokkomotteevukalaayirunu.
1926-ll, baldwin locomotive varkkukal oru pareekshanathmaka demonstrator, baldwin 60000 nirmmichu, ithu moonnu silindar komboundu locomotive aayirunnu, angane nirmmicha eaka. eee enchin akathe silindaril uyarnna mardhamullah neeravi upayogikkukayum thudarnnu aaa neeravi puram silindarukalkku purathulla rund thaazhnna marddathilekku theerkkukayum cheythu. amerikkayil sajjeekarichirikkunna valare kurachu locomotteevukalil onnaaya vaattar tube boiler ithinu undaayirunnu. saankethikamaayi baldwins pole noothanamaayathinaal, samyuktha neeravi locomotteevukalkku ithinakam thanne yunaittad stetts railroadingil preethi nashtappettathinaal nirmmikkumbol ithu kaalaharanapettu.
eee tharam vikasicha tharathekkaal nannayi oodukayum sugamamayi sanjarikkukayum cheythathayi kandethi. silindar saddle madhyathilulla moonnaamathe silindar 91⁄2 digri konil randaamathe drivermaarude aaksilile oru krankilekku charinju, athesamayam rund baahya vadi moonnaamathe drivermaarumaayi bandhippichu. eee locomotteevukalile moonnu silindar savisheshatha avarkk jolisthalathu oru savisheshamaaya shabdam nalki, athine "hoopp, skip, jump rhythm" ennu visheshippikkunnu.
thaarathamyena nerayathum kanatha nirmmithavumaya mainlineukalil maathrame ezz. pii enchinukalkku pravartthikkaan kazhiyoovenkilum, 28 muthal 30 varsham vare neenda sevana jeevitam avaa nalla lokomotteevukalaanenna theliyichu. 1946 novemberil ezz. pii. lokkomotteevukalilonnil boiler pottitherichu naalu train jeevanakkar kollapettathaanu ettavum gurutharamaaya apakadam. koodaathe, floating bushingukal paraajayappedaamennathinaal akathe silindarinte vadi gurutharamaaya attakuttappanikal srishtichu, ithu attakuttappanikalkk samayam kuraykkunnu, kaaranam atharam paraajayangalkk pradhana valve ree-settingukal aavashyamaayi varunnathinaal kaalathamasam sambhavichu. atharam parajayangal reyilukalil valia idivundaakkiyathaayi report cheyyappettathinaal paathayiludaneelamulla railway veettammaar "oru takaraar avarude veedukalkku mukaliloode kadannupokumbol crockery pottunnathayi parathippettu".
moonnu silindarukalumaayi bandhapetta pradhana mechanical prasnangal moolam avar thalarnnappol, 1942-ll avar thangalude locomotteevukal rund silindar lokomotteevukalaayi maattukayum avayude nambar 5090 muthal 5099 vare maattukayum cheythu.
itharathilulla rund locomotteevukal samrakshikkappettittundu

