
ningalude swantham saahasikata thiranjedukkuka

oro kathayum randaam vyakthiyude veekshanakonil ninnu ezhuthappetta kuttikalude gamebukkukalude oru parambarayaanu ningalude swantham saahasikata thiranjedukkuka, athil vaayanakkaaran naayakante punk ettedukkukayum pradhana kathaapaathrathinte pravartthanangalum ithivrithathinte phalavum nirnnayikkunna thiranjeduppukal nadathukayum cheiyunnu. edward paccard srishtichathum koonstans cappels aarum aadyam prasidheekarichathumaaya oru ashayathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu eee parambara. eiii. 1976-ll paakkaardinte karimbu dveepil ninnu aarambikkunna montgomeriyude vermont crossroads pras "advenchezhs oof yuu" parambarayaayi.
"1979num 1998num idayil 250 dashalakshathiladhikam koppikal vitazhikkappetta 1980kalilum 1990kalilum ettavum janapriyamaaya kuttikalude parambarakalilonnaaya "ningalude swantham saahasikata thiranjedukkuka" enna parambara, ippol vyaapaaramudrayude udamasthathayilulla "ningalude swantham saahasikata thiranjedukkuka" enna vyaapaaramudra upekshikkaan ippol random housinte udamasthathayilulla "baantam" anuvadichappol, eee parambara veendum aarambhichu. svanthamaayi mudra pathippicha yuu-venjvezhsu aarambhicha paakkaardinte sheershakangal chokko veendum purathirakkunnilla.
formet.
7 muthal 14 vayassuvareyulla kuttikalkkayi aadyam srishticha pusthakangal randaamathe vyakthiyil ezhuthappettavayaanu. oru swakaarya anweshakan, parvathaarohakan, rays kaar driver, doctor allengil chaaran thudangiya saahasikathaykk prasakthamaaya oru punk naayakan-athaayath vaayanakkaaran ettedukkunnu. parambarayile chila pusthakangal vaayanakkaare aarude vesham thiranjedukkanamennu thiranjedukkaan anuvadikkunnu, udaaharanathinu, oru saahasika pusthakatthil, oru parvathaarohakan, oru kaalnadayaathrakkaran allengil oru yaathrakkaaran ennivayil ninnu thiranjedukkaan vaayanakkaarod aavasyappedaam. kathakal pothuve lingabhedavum vamsha-nishpakshavumaanu, ennirunnaalum chila sandarbhangalil, prathyekichu chithreekaranangalil, oru purusha vaayanakkaaran (taargett demographic group) undennu anumaanikkappedunnu. chila kathakalil, naayakan oru kuttiyaanennu soochippikkumbol mattu kathakalil avar oru muthirnnayaalaan.
kurachu pejukal vaayichathinusesham, naayakan rando moonno oopshanukal abhimukeekarikkunnathinaayana kathakal formet cheythirikkunnathu, avaa oronnum kooduthal pejukalilekkum kooduthal oopshanukalilekkum nayikkunnu, angane avaa niravadhi kathaavasaanangalil orennathil athunnathuvare. aadyakaala sheershakangalil 44 muthal pinneedulla saahasikathakalil 7 vare vyathyaasappedunnu. athupole, oro avasaanathilum pejukalude ennam, nallathum cheethayumaaya avasaanangalude anupatham, allengil pusthakatthinte pejukaliloode vaayanakkaaran munnottum pinnotum purogamikkunnathu ennivayekkurichu vividha sheershakangalil vyakthamaaya paatten illa. ithu pravachanaatheethathayude yaadhaarthyabodham anuvadikkukayum aavarthichulla vaayanayude saadhyathayilekku nayikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu pusthakangalude savisheshathakalilonnaanu.
parambara purogamikkumbol, paccard montgomery gamebook formet pareekshichu, chilappol ananthamaaya peju looppukal allengil trick endingukal polulla apratheekshitha valachodikkalukal avatharippichu. yuu. eph. oo <aii. dii. 1>-nullil" avasaanikkunna "parudeesa graham" udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu, ithu vanchikkukayo aakasmikamaayi thettaaya pejilekku thirikkukayo cheythaal maathrame athicheraan kazhiyoo.
charithram.
paakkaardinte abhipraayathil, peett enna kathaapaathratheyum addehathinte saahasikathakaleyum chuttipattiyum addeham thante penmakkalodu paranja urakkasamaya kathakalil ninnaan eee parambarayude pradhana ashayam uyarnnuvannathu "enikku peett enna oru kathaapaathramundaayirunnu, eee vyathyastha saahasikathakalellaam otappetta oru dveepilvechu njaan addehathe abhimukeekarikkaarundaayinu. pakshe aaa ratri enikku peettinu cheyyaanulla karyangal theernnukondirikkukayinnu, athinaal avar enthucheyyumennu njaan chodichu. addehathinte rund penmakkalum kathaykku vyathyastha vazhikal konduvarikayum oro paathaykkum oru avasaanam kandethumennu paccard chinthikkukayum cheythu "aashayathodulla avarude swaabhaavika aaveshamaayirunnu enne sarikkum aakarshichathu. njaan chinthichu 'enikku ithu ezhuthaamo?'"
paccard taamasiyaathe eee adisthaana aamukham "karimbu dveepile ningalude sahasikathakal" enna thalakkettilulla oru kayyezhuthuprathiyaayi vikasippichu. 1970ll oru prasaadhakane kandethaan addeham purappettengilum onpathu prasidheekarana kambanikal nirasichathinaal addeham aaa ashayam upekshichu. 1975-ll vermont crossroads pressinte saha udamayaaya reey montgomery pusthakam prasidheekarikkaan bodhyappedutthaan addehathinu kazhinju, athu 8,000 koppikal vittu, ithu oru cheria praadeshika prasidheekarana sthaapanathinu valia thukayaanu. eee parambara pinneedu pokkatt bukkukalaayi vipananam cheyyappettu, avide athu nannayi vittu, pakshe oru valia prasaadhakane kandethiyaal ithu kooduthal nannayi vilkkumennu montgomery vishwasichu. kurachu charchakalkku sesham, montgomeric baantam pusthakangalumayi parambaraykkaayi oru karar undakkaan kazhinju. eee parambaraykkaayi pusthakangal ezhuthaan paccard, montgomery ennivare thiranjedutthu, athil adhika rachayithaakkalkk sheershakangal nalkunnathinulla karar ulppedunnu.
eddu paccard thante randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum pusthakangal vittappozhaan "ningalude swantham saahasikata thiranjedukkuka" enna prashasthamaaya vaachakam janichathu. randaamathethu, "deadwood sitti", oru paashchaathya kathayaayirunnu, juuniyar edittar dina steevansaninu eee aparichithamaaya aakhyaana shaili vaayanakkaarkk vishadeekarikkunna oru jacket line srishtikkaanulla chumatala nalki; steevansan "wilde vesttile ningalude swantham saahasikata thiranjedukkuka" ennathaayirunnu konduvannathu. altairil ninnulla moonnaamathe graham bahiraakaashath ningalude swantham saahasikata thiranjedukkuka" enna tagg lainodukoodiya adutha thalakkettinayi eee vaachakam sweekarichu.
baandam pusthakangal upayogichu achadikkaan thudangiyathinu sesham eee parambara valare vijayakaramaayirunnu. 1981ll newyork timesil vanna oru lekhanavum thudarnnu "dhaa tude shhow" yill paakkardumaayulla oru abhimukhavum soujanya pracharanam nalki. ore formaattil pravartthikkunna baandam pusthakangalulla ezhuthukaar mattu moonnu parambarakal srishtikkaan eee pusthaka parambara prerippichu. ithe formaattilulla mattu pathonpathu parambarakal athiraalikalaaya prasidheekarana sthaapanangal prasidheekarikkaan thudangi. eee aashayathinte valia janapreeti eee formaattinaayi oru puthiya tharam rachanayude sheershakathilekku nayichu, athine gamebook ennu vilichirunnu.
1990kalode, eee parambara computer geyimukalil ninnu malsaram neridukayum athu kshayichukondirikkum cheythu. 1999ll eee parambara nirthalaakkiyenkilum 2003ll oru puthiya kambaniyaaya chokko ithu veendum aarambhichu. montgomery 2014ll antharichu; addehathinte avasaanathe thiranjeduttha ningalude swantham saahasika pusthakam "guzz vezhsas" aayirunnu. robot rajaavu.
2018 juunil, isad-maan games aarr. yill ninnu prachodanam ulkkond "ningalude swantham saahasikata thiranjedukkuka apakadatthinte veedu" enna peril oru licensulla sahakarana board geyim puratthirakki. eiii. eee parambarayile montgomeriyude pusthakam.
2019 januvariyil, netflixinaayi oru vyaapaaramudra lamghana niyamaparamaaya velluvili chokko aarambhichu. 2020 novemberil netflix eee cases theerppaakki.
saahityaparamaaya sweekaranam.
oru "smithsonian" lekhanam eee sailiye "soothravaakyam" ennu vimarsikkukayum "saahitya gunanilavaaratthinte kaaryatthil, onniladhikam kathaasaahithyangalulla pusthakangalil palathum yadhaartha skankukalaanu" ennu oru pandithane udharikkukayum cheiyunnu.