
havik

scotish bordezhs kaunsil eriyayile oru pattanavum skotlandinte kizhakkan thekkan uyarnna pradeshangalile roxburgshireile charitraparamaaya kaundiyumaanu havik (;;). ithu jedberginte thekk-padinjaarum selkirkkinte thekk-thekk-kizhakkum aanu. skotlandile kadalil ninnu ettavum akaleyulla pattanangalilonnaya ithu teviotdelinte hridayabhaagathaanu, koodaathe muun kaundi roxburgshireile ettavum valia pattanavumaanu. theviyottu nadiyumaayi slittrig vellathinte samgamasthaanathaanu eee nagaram sthithicheyyunnathu.
pathinaram noottaandil aupachaarikamaayi sthaapithamaaya eee pattanam munbu noorukanakkinu varshangal pazhakkamulla charitraparamaaya vaasasthalamaayirunnu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, eee nagaram ganyamaayi valaraan thudangi, prathyekichu vyaavasaayika viplavathilum victorian kaalaghattatthilum, neytthilum neytthilum shradha kendreekarichu, neythu, cashmere thudangiya vasthukkal ulppedunna thunitharangalude ulppaadana kendramaayi. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, thunithara uthppaadanam kuranjuvenkilum shopping, tourism, sevanangal ennivayude oru pradhana praadeshika kendramaayi eee nagaram thudarunnu. slate melkkoorakalulla niravadhi manalkkall kettidangal ullathinaal haavikkinte vaasthuvidya savisheshamaan. niravadhi myoosiyangalum paarkkukalum paithruka sthalangalum eee pattanatthilundu. vaarshika alchemy philim aandu moving imej festivalinu eee nagaram aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu.
charithram.
1167ll aadyamaayi rekhappeduthappettathum "adachitta phaam" allengil "adachitta kugramam" ennu vivarthanam cheyyappettathumaaya havic enna peru, uthbhavam pazhaya engleeshilaanu. 1860kalil praadeshika adthyaapakanum pinneedu ooksfoord engleesh nighanduvinte praadhamika edittarumaaya jaims mureyaanu havic enna perinte uthbhavam aadyamaayi gaveshanam cheythath."slittrig vellathinteyum teviot nadiyudeyum samgamasthaanathu adivaasangal sthirathaamasamaakkiyathinte neenda charithramund eee pattanatthinu. nagaratthinte padinjaaran attathu panthrandaam noottaandile scoto-norman motte-aandu-bailey kottayude avashishtangalaaya "motte" adangiyirikkunnu.
1342 juun 20nuu, teviotsdalile sherief enna nilayil thante offeesinte duty anusarichu dalhousiyile alexander ramse havik palliyil kodathi nadathumbol, liddesdalile prabhu vilyam dougless oru sayudha anuyaayikale konduvannu palliyil praveshichu. addehathe maanyamaayi swaagatham cheythu. dougless aalukalum ramse akramikkukayum raktharookshithamaayi changalakalilakki hermittej kottayilekku valichizhaykkukayum cheythu; addeham teviotdelinte sherief aayirikkanamenn dougless vishwasichathinaal ithu saadhaaranayaayi anumaanikkappedunnu. avide ramse oru nilavarayil thadavilaakkukayum avidevechu pattini kidannu marikkukayum cheythu.
1514ll oru engleesh raid party haavikkil ninnulla yuvaakkalum thammil nadanna honshol yudhathilaanu havic oru pattanamayi audyogikamaayi prakhyaapikkappettathinte uthbhavam. 2014ll, yudhathinte 500-aamm vaarshikathil, aarthavakaala vasthrangal dharicha 1,800 kuttikal yudhathe veendum avatharippichu. purathana kaalam muthal eee pattanatthe swathanthramaaya oru burg aayi veendum prakhyaapicha 1537 october 11-leeii oru rekhayaanu pattanatthinte ettavum pazhaya audyogika rekha.
1764ll pathimoonnaam noottaandinte aadyakaala palliyude sthalathu nirmmicha sent marries aandu ooldu parish charchu pattanatthile ettavum pazhaya palliyaan. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil theepidutthatthil pallikku valia kedupaadukal sambhavichuvenkilum samanamaaya reethiyil punarnirmmichu. 17, 18 noottaandukalile kallarakalum taunn kaunsil nalkia vipulamaaya irumbupanikalkkulla smaaraka kavaadavum semitheriyil undu.
pathinettaam noottaandinteyum pathonpathaam noottaandinteyum avasaanathil thunitharangaludeyum neytha vasthrangaludeyum nirmmaanatthile oru pradhana pattanamayi havik vikasichu. nilavilulla paravatani nirmmaana vyaapaarathe adisthaanamaakki stockingukalude ulppaadanathilekku vyaapippikkuka enna lakshyathode 1771 ll joonn hardy aadyathe neythu yanthrangal hackick konduvannu. 1815 aayappozhekkum stocking vyaapaarathil idivundaayathinte falamaayi, chila neythu nirmmathaakkal stocking vyaapaarathil ninnulla vibhavangal upayogichu pattanatthil sthaapichu. 1830 kalude thudakkathil, nadiyude twillinekkurichulla thettaaya aashayavinimayathinte falamaayi pattanatthil ninnaan "tweed" enna padam uthbhavichath. faashanukal maarunnathinanusarichu vyathyastha paattenukalumaayum vasthukkalumaayum poruthappedunna cashmere ulppedeyulla vividha thunitharangal, hossiery, neytha vasthrangal ennivayude nirmmathaavil nagaram pinneedu shradha kendreekarichu. 1930kalil 1200-ladhikam aalukal pattanatthil neytha vasthrangal nirmikkunnathil earppettirunnu. ennirunnaalum, irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, ulppaadana reethikal, chelavukal, abhiruchikal enniva maarunnath thunithara vyavasaayangal kurachu cherukida bisinasukalozhike matellaavarkkum kurayaan kaaranamaayi.
2020 joolaiyil 92 milyan poundinte vellapokka prathirodha padhathiyude pravartthanangal aarambhichu. ennaal 2021 octoberil enchiniyaring jolikal purogamikkumbol, kanatha mazhayum thudarnnulla vellappokkavum pattanatthe saaramaayi baadhichu. 
bharanam.
scotland bordezhs kaunsilaanu havikkinulla praadeshika sarkkar sevanangal nalkunnathu. pattanatthe ulkkollunna oru community kaunsilum undu.
1669ll reejaalittiyude oru burg aayi visheshippikkappetta havic 1868ll oru police burg aayi maari. 1886ll scotish baronial shailiyil jaims campbel wacker roopakalppana cheytha hye streettile havik taunn haal nirmikkappettu.
1890-ll local gavanment (scotland) act 1889 prakaram thiranjedukkappetta kaundi kaunsilukal roopeekarichappol, haakkinte burg swantham karyangal nadatthaan kazhivullathayi kanakkakkappedukayum athinaal roxburgshire kaundi kaunsilinte adikaaraparidhiyil ninnu ozhivaakkappedukayum cheythu. 1930-leeii praadeshika sarkkar parishkkaranam kaundi kaunsilinte niyanthranatthilulla pradeshathinullil haavikkinte burg konduvannu, pattanatthe oru cheria burg aayi punarvargeekarikkukayum athinte mikka pravartthanangalum kaundi kaunsilinu kaimarukayum cheythu.
1975ll skotlandiludaneelamulla praadeshika sarkkar 1973leeii local gavanment (scotland) act prakaram parishkarikkapettu. bargukalum kaundikalum bharanamekhalakalaayi nirthalaakkukayum pakaram uyarnna thalatthilulla pradeshangaludeyum thaazhnna thalatthilulla jillakaludeyum rund thala samvidaanamundaakkukayum cheythu. athinaal athirthi pradeshathinullile roxburg jillayude bhaagamaayi havic maari. roxburg jilla kaunsil havik taunn haaline athinte aasthaanamaayi upayogichu. 1996-ll praadeshika sarkkar parishkkaranam, scotland bordezhs kaunsil havik bharicha kaalam muthal pradeshangalum jillakalum nirthalaakki.
smarakangal.
1914ll nirmmicha "kuthira" ennariyappedunna kuthirasavaari prathimayude kizhakke attathu havik hye street undu. ippol oru myoosiyamaaya drumlantiginte gopuram pradhaanamaayum pathinaram noottaandinte madhyathil nirmmichathaanu.
2009-ll mattoru smaarakam "kaalayude thiriv" (kalaakaaran, anchela vettakkaaran, innerleethan) hackle anaachaadanam cheythu. vilyam bharanam roobert rajaavil ninnu bruses charge cheiyunnathinaal kaattupotthine thirikkunnathum angane raajaavinte jeevan rakshikkunnathum scotish vamshamaaya tenbul aarambikkunnathum eee smaarakam chithreekarikkunnu. joonn leaden ezhuthiya oru kavita eee charitra sambhavathe anusmarippikkunnu. "avante kaikal shakthiyode valanjukondirunna kadinamaaya vettakkaaran thante kombukalkku chuttum veenu, mukalilekku valanju, kazhuthu thirinju, thadichunilkkunna raakshasane nilathekku urutti, valia shakthiyode, athinte asthi thalayotti thakarthu; kaalaye thiricha aale kottarakkaar prashamsichu."
sambadghadana.
vilyam lockie, havik cashmere, havik nitt ware, jonstans oof eljin, lail & scott, peettar scott, prinkle oof scotland, scott aandu chaartezhs ennee kambanikalkku hackle adambara cashmere, merino wool nitt ware enniva nirmmikkunna nirmmaanashaalakalund. enchiniyaring sthaapanamaaya tenbul aandu skottinte aasthaanam benfoottilekku maarunnathin munbu vaanijya roadile elisabethan shailiyilulla oru kettidatthilaayirunnu.
sameepakaalath thozhilillaayma oru prashnamaayi mariyirikkunnu. 2014num 2017num idayil scotish athirthiyile saraashariyekkaal thozhilillaayma nirakk kooduthalaayirunnu. peettar scott, prinkle thudangiya millukal ulppede oru kaalath ganyamaaya thozhiludamakal adachupoottiyathu pattanatthile thozhilavasarangalude ennam kurachittundu. ithumoolam janasamkhya bhaagikamaayi kuranju; 2016ll ithu 13,730 aayirunnu, 1800kalkk sheshamulla ettavum thaazhnna nirakkilaayirunnu ithu. saambathika sthithi mechappeduthaanulla sramangal nadannittum, thozhilavasarangalum daaridryavum thaarathamyena uyarnna nilayilaanu, 2017 leeii athirthi mekhalayile saraashariyekkaal patthilonnu kooduthal daaridryathil jeevikkunna kuttikalude ennam. oru puthiya kendra bisinus hubb, aldie supermarket, disttilari thudangiya vikasanangal, 2018-19 ll thurakkaan sajjamaayava, havikinu gunam cheiyumennu prathekshikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, thudarchayaaya bisinesses adachupoottalukal, udaaharanathinu homebase 2018 leeii yadhaartha factory storum, pattanatthinte thudarchayaaya saambathika thakarchaye soochippikkunnu.
gathagatham.
teviot thaazhvarayude madhyathilaanu havik sthithi cheiyunnathu. eiii7 eddinberg-carlisil rooad pattanatthiloode kadannupokunnu, pradhana roadukal berwick-oonn-tweed (eiii698), nucasil appon tyne (eiii6088, ithu haavikkinte thekk-kizhakk carter baaril eiii68-ll cherunnu) ennivayilekku nayikkunnu.
1969ll beaching kodathiyude bhaagamaayi carlisil ninnu havik railway steshan vazhi edinbargilekkulla waverley root adachappol pattanatthinu reyil sarvees nashtappettu. yunaittad kingdatthile oru railway steshanil ninnu ettavum akaleyulla valia pattanamaanithenn pinneedu parayappettirunnuvenkum athirthi railway thurannathinte falamaayi ithu maari, ithu 2015 ll galashiyalukalkk sameepam twedbaankilekkulla muun waverley roottinte oru bhagam veendum thurannu. saadhaarana basukal dooreyullah carlisile railway steshanil sarvees nadathunnu. athirthi reyilveyumaayi haavikkine veendum bandhippikkunnathin, puthiya belsukalkku sameepamulla naalu kamaanangalulla aall vaattar vayadakttinte naveekaranathode, haavikkil ninnu tweedbank steshanilekkulla ekadesham muun waverley roottinte ekadesham oru bhagam hassendian, sent boswellukal, melrose vazhi punasthaapikkendathundu. teviot nadiyude vadakke karayil, vilttan hill terresinu thaazheyaayirunnu havik steshan, ippol takarnna oru vayadakt (maartt street bridginu sameepam) thekk carlisililekku kondupookunnu. teviotdeyil lesser sentarinaduthulla muun steshan saittil ninnu vadakku-kizhakk bhaagathekku muun railway roottile oru nadappaathayaanu haavikkile waverley vaakk. twedbankile athirthi railway terminasine haavikkiloode kaarlisilumaayi bandhippikkunnathin muun waverley reyilveyude thekkan bhagam veendum thurakkaan saadhyatha vilayiruthunathinulla saadhyataa patanam ippol nadakkunnu.
ettavum aduthulla pradhana vimaanathavalangal eddinberg, nyookaasil, akaleyaan.
samskaaravum paarambaryavum.
1514ll oru engleesh raiding partic mail praadeshika yuvakkal nediya vijayathinte smaranayodoppam nagaratthinte pothubhoomiyude athirthikalude vaarshika sawari samyojippikkunna vaarshika pothu sawari eee pattanatthil samghadippikkunnu. 2007 maarchil, "ruff guide" prasidheekaranam "waled party" ithine lokathile ettavum mikacha paarttikalilonnayi visheshippichu.
terribus yeeii terry odin" enna varii ulppedunna oru parambaraagatha gaanathinu sesham haavikkil ninnulla aalukal svayam "terris" ennu vilikkunnu.
havik chuttumulla athirthi nivaasikalkkum vishalamaaya skottukalil ninnu alpam vyathyasthamaaya oru bhaashaabhedavum uchaaranavum undennu ariyappedunnu, avaye thekkan skottukal allengil boarder skottukal ennu tharamthirikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, "havik gill" enna padam 0.08 littarin (araa pint) thulyamaaya oru valia alavilulla spirittukalaan.
sinima.
alchemy philim aandu artsinteyum anthaaraashtrathalathil prashasthamaaya vaarshika paripaadiyaaya alchemy philim aandu moving imej festivalinteyum aasthaanamaanu havic. charchakal srishtikkunnathinum samoohathe shakthippeduthunnathinum srishtiparamaaya chinthakale uthejippikkunnathinum oru maarggamaayi" sinimayil nikshepikkunna alchemy, varsham muzhuvanum hackick, scotish athirthikalkkullile kalakaaranmaarumaayum samoohangalumaayum pravartthikkunnu.
2019 venalkkaalath, alchemy athinte award nediya "philim taunn" padhathi aarambhichu, ithu "prekshakarkkum pankaalikalkkum pankaalikalkkum praveshanakshamathayum ulppeduthalum vipuleekarikkunnathiloode saamoohikavum shaareerikavum aashayavinimayaparavumaaya thadassangale velluvilikkunnathiloode havikinum athinte athulyamaaya samoohangalkkum prayojanam cheiyunnathinaayi pravartthikkaan lakshyamidunnu... athesamayam, haavikkinte saamskaarika swathuathil nikshepam nadathunnathiloode athinte saambathika punarujjeevanathinu sambhavana cheiyunnu.
covid-19 mahamaric marupadiyaayi, alchemy athinte vaarshika chalachithrothsavathinte pathaamatheyum pathinonnaamatheyum pathippukal hackle ninnu thalsamaya sampreshanam cheiyunna paripaadikalaayi vitharanam cheyyukayum nagaratthile 164 varsham pazhakkamulla hackey puraavastu samoohathinaayi vertual prabhashanangal nirmmikkunnath ulppede swantham sevanangal digital cheyyaan nagaratthile samoohangale sahayikkukayum cheythu.
sports.
1873ll sthaapithamaaya havik rugby football klabbinte aasthaanamaanu eee pattanam. nilavil scotland football leaginte kizhakk bhagathaayi kalikkunna havik royal albert enna seeniyar football teamaanu eee pattanatthilullathu.
februvari maasatthile amaavaasyaykk sheshamulla aadya thinkalaazhcha "appies" "doonikalum" orikkal ivide havik boow geyim kalichirunnu. nagaratthile nadhi pichinte oru pradhana bhaagamaayirunnu. haavikkilalla kalichathenkilum ippozhum aduthulla jedbergill kalikkunnu.
midaayi.
"havik booals" allengil "booas", hills booals allengil taffy roock booals ennum ariyappedunnu, ithu pattanatthil ninnu uthbhavicha oru kurumulak ruchiyulla vevicha maduramaanu. avar prathyekichu rugby kamantettar bill mcclarenumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, addeham ellaayppozhum vahichirunna oru bagil ninnu avarkk vaagdaanam cheyyaan ariyappettirunnu. avaa ippol greenokkilaanu uthppaadippikkunnathu.
saamoohika soukaryangal.
1904ll thuranna karnegi dhanasahaayathodeyulla oru libraryaanu havik library.
jimm neenthalkkulavumulla praadeshika pothu phitnas sentaraanu teviotdeyil ozhivusamaya kendram. ippol upayogikkaatha muun pothu kulimurikal 1913ll vaanijya roadle nirmmikkukayum 1980kalil adachupoottukayum cheythu.
havikkileyum athirthi pradeshatheyum thunitharangalude charithratthil shradha kendreekarikkunna oru praadeshika myusiyamaanu bordezhs tekstail towerhouse. fashion designer bernat kleyininekkurichulla pradarshanavum pattanatthile kadakalude charithravum thaalkkaalika pradarshanangalude udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. 16-aamm noottaandile kottakettya gopuramaaya drumlantig gopuram ulkkollunna oru hotel sathravum munbu undaayirunna oru punasthaapikkappetta paithruka kettidamaanu myoosiyathilullathu.
nagaratthinte thekk-padinjaaru bhaagathulla oru valia pothu paarkkaan vilttan lodge paarkk. kalayilum praadeshika charithratthilum shradha kendreekarikkunna oru pothu myoosiyamaaya havik myoosiyathinte aasthaanamaanu eee paarkk. myoosiyathil praadeshika kalaasrishtikal ulppedunnu, avayil chilath havik art klabbile amgangal nirmmichathaanu.
athirthi madangalude vazhi haavikkiloode kadannupokunnu. prashastha rugby kamantettar bill mcclarente (1923-2010) oru prathima taunn sentarinu padinjaaru vilttan lodge paarkkilaan.
2021 octoberil, praadeshika kaunsil praadeshika samoohangale bandhippikkunnathinaayi oru puthiya vellapokka samrakshana padhathiykkoppam, haavikkil mechappetta yatra shringhala srishtikkunnathinaayi pattanatthile vishalamaaya mechappeduthalukalude bhaagamaayi 2 milyan poundinte puthiya kaalnada paalatthinte nirmmaanam aarambhichu.
ashupatri.
2005ll havik kottej hospitalinu pakaram eee pradeshathe praadeshika aashupathriyaanu havik community hospital.
vidyaabhyaasam.
nagaratthile oru noonn-demonicational secondary skoolaanu havik haiskool. 2027 oode nilavilulla saittile nilavile skoolinu pakaram ekadesham 49 dasalaksham poundu puthiya school nirmmikkumenn 2021 septambaril prakhyaapichu.