
pathanjali

gonardia allengil gonikkaputra ennum ariyappedunna pathanjali () oru hindu ezhuthukaaranum, nigoodanum, thathwachinthakanumaayirunnu. addehathekkurichu valare kurachu maathrame ariyoo, addeham jeevichirunnathu eppozhaanennu krithyamaayi arcum ariyillengilum, addehathinte kruthikalekkurichulla vishakalanathil ninnulla kanakkukal soochippikkunnathu athu bisi randaam noottaandinum bisi naalam noottaandinum idayilaayirikkaam ennaanu.
niravadhi samskritha kruthikalude rachayithaavum samaahaariyumaanennu vishwasikkappedunnu. ivayil ettavum valuth oru shaasthreeya yoga grandhamaaya "yoga soothrangal" aanu. ithe perilulla niravadhi ariyappedunna charitrakaaranmaar ullathinaal pathanjali rishiyaano addehathinte ellah kruthikaludeyum rachayithaav ennathinekkurichu oohaapohangalundu. eee ezhuthukaaranteyo eee rachayithaakkaludeyo charitraparatha allengil swathuam sambandhicha vishayathinayi kazhinja noottaandil dhaaraalam scholarshippukal neekkivachittundu.
vyakthithvangal.
pathanjali ennariyappedunna ettavum pradhanappetta ezhuthukaaril ivaraanu
ayyankaar yoga, ashtanga vinyasa yoga thudangiya aadhunika postural yogayude chila roopangalil pathanjali praarthanakalum aaraadhanaalayangalum nalki aadarikkunnu.
peru.
monier monier-vilyams parayunnathanusarichu, "patta" (samskritham patha, "veezhuka, parakkuka"), "anju" ("anand," "aadaranam, aaghoshikkuka, manoharam") allengil "anjali" ("anjali", "aadarav, kaippathikal cheruka") ennivayil ninnulla samyuktha peraanu "pathanjali".
jeevitam.
yogayekkurich ezhuthiya pathanjali paanini vyaakaranathekkurich oru vyaakhyaanam ezhuthiya pathanjaliyekkaal vyathyasthanaaya vyakthiyaanennu luis reno ulppede niravadhi pandithanmaar abhipraayappettittund. 1914ll jaims wood thangal ore vyakthiyaanennu nirddeshichu. 1922-ll surendranath daas gupta prashastha vyaakarana grandhavum yoga grandha rachayithaavum samaanamaayirikkaamenn thaalkkaalikamaayi nirddeshikkaan niravadhi vaadangal avatharippichu.
ivar rund vyathyastha rachayithaakkalaayirikkaamena kaazhchappaad pothuve amgeekarikkappedunnu, ennaal chila paashchaathya pandithanmaar avare orotta asthithvamaayi kanakkakkunnu.
indian paarambaryatthile chilar parayunnath oru pathanjali vyakaranam, vaidyashaasthram, yoga ennivayekkurichu prabandhangal ezhuthiyittundennaanu. rajamarthanda" (pathinonnam noottaand) enna yogasoothrangalekkurichu thante vyaakhyaanathinte thudakkathil bhojan oru vaakyathil ithu anusmarichittundu, koodaathe shivaraamante pathinettaam noottaandile grandhatthil thaazhepparayunna vaakyavum kaanapedunnu
eee paarambaryam charcha cheiyunnathu thaarathamyena vaikia eee ashayam bhoja (pathinonnam noottaand) muthal kandethiyittulla muellenbeld aanu, orupakshe bharthrahariyude (sii. eiii.) oru padyam addehathe swaadheenichirikkaam. anchaam noottaand) yoga, vaidyashaasthram, vyakaranam ennivayile oru vidagthanekkurichu samsaarikkunnu, ennirunnaalum, peru paraamarshichittilla. patthaam noottaandinu munbu ariyappedunna oru samskritha grandhavum eee moonnu grandhangalkkum pinnil ore pathanjaliyaanennu prasthaavichitla.
indiayile thamizhnaattile thiruppathooril sthithi cheiyunna brahmapureeswarar kshethrathil yoga dhyaanathiloode pathanjali muni samadhi nediyathaayi parayappedunnu. ippol oru adachitta dhyana haalaya pathanjaliyude jeeva samadhi brahmapureeswarar kshetra samuchayathinullile brahmaavinte shethrathinu sameepam kaanam.
vyaakarana paarambaryam.
vyaakarana paarambaryatthil pathanjali bisi randaam noottaandil jeevichirunnathaayi vishwasikkappedunnu. kattiyanayude "varthika" kruthikale udharichukondu addeham paaniniyude soothrangalil oru "mahabharata" ezhuthi. samskritha vyaakaranathilum bhaashaashaasthrathilum ithu oru pradhana swaadheenamulla kruthiyaanu. mourya saamrajya kaalaghattatthile thelivukal, addehathinte ashayangal vishadeekarikkaan upayogicha udaaharanangalil paraamarshichirikkunna charitra sambhavangal, addehathinte padippikkalukale maanikkunna purathana shaasthreeya samskritha grandhangalude kaalakramam, purathana indian saahithyathil addehathinte grandhathekkuricho perinekkuricho paraamarsikkal ennivayiloodeyaanu pathanjaliyudeyum addehathinte "mahabharata" thudeyum kaalaganana sthaapikkappedunnathu. moonnu purathana vyaakarananjaril pathanjaliyude kaalakramam bii randaam noottaandinte madhyam vareyaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu.sii. mukhyadharaa scholarship ithu "nyayamaayum krithyathayulla" aayi kanakkakkunnu.
eee grandham buddha vyaakarana saahityatheyum indiayilekkulla yaathrakkaarude oormmakkurippukaleyum swaadheenichu. udaaharanathinu, chainees theerthaadakanaaya iii-singh paraamarshikkunnath indiayil "mahabhaasyam" padikkappedunnundenum unnatha pandithanmaar moonnu varshathinullil athu padikkunnuvennum aanu.
yoga paarambaryam.
yoga paarambaryatthil pathanjali oru aadaraneeyamaaya peraanu. yogayekkurichulla soothrangalum ("yogasoothram") soothrangalude avibhajyamaaya vyaakhyaanavum ulppedunna eee pathanjaliyude kruthiyaanu "bhashya". soothrangalkkum bhashakalkkum vyathyastha rachayithaakkalundenn chilar karuthunnu, vyaakhyaanathin "oru edittar" (ezz. keey. tii.) ennu parayunnu. "vyaasa"). phillip maas parayunnathanusarichu pathanjali enna athe vyakthiyaan soothrangalum "bhaashya" vyaakhyaanavum rachichathu.
raadhaakrishnanum moorum eee grandhatthinu bii. sii. iii randaam noottaandile mourya saamraajyakaalathe (bii. sii. iii.) vyaakaranakaaranaaya pathanjali avakaashappedunnu. onnaam sahasraabdathil prasidheekaricha vyaakhyaanangalude adisthaanathil pathanjaliyude yogasoothrathinte theeyathi ekadesham 400 sii. iii. aanennu maas kanakkakkunnu. maruvashathu, edwin brayaant thante "yoga soothrangalude" vivarthanathil pradhana vyaakhyaathaakkale sarway cheiyunnu. mikka pandithanmaarum eee grandham pothuvarshatthinte (ekadesham onnaam noottaand muthal randaam noottaand vare) thudakkathinu thottupinnaaleyaanennu kanakkakkunnu, ennaal athinu niravadhi noottaandukalkku munbuthanne ithu sthaapichittundennu addeham parayunnu."niravadhi pandithanmaar" yoga soothrangal "sii. naalam noottaandilo anchaam noottaandilo aanennu brayaant nigamanam cheiyunnu.iii.ennaal eee vaadangalellaam velluvilikkapettu, "eee pathanjaliyudeyum addehathinte grandhatthinteyum kaalakramam prasnakaramaanu.
thamizh shaiva ithihaasam.
addehathinte aadyakaala varshangalekkurichu, patthaam noottaandile thamizh shaiva sidhaantha paarambaryatthil, thirumularinte "thirumandiram" (thanthram 1) ll prasthaavichathupole, mahanaaya yoga guru nandi devanil (hindu matham) ninnu mattu ezhu shishyanmaarodoppam pathanjali yoga padichathaayi kanakkakkunnu. addehathinte samadhi rameshwaram shivakshethrathilaanennum addehathinaayulla oru kshethram ippozhum kshethrathil nilavilundennum parayappedunnu.
"nandi arulpetra nadharai naadinam"
"nandigal nalvar shiva yoga mamuni"
"mandru kuzhootha padanjali vyakramar"
"endriever ennodu (thirumoolar) ennumaamame"
vivarthanam
nandikeswarane anugrahicha daivathinte paadangal njangal thedi.
naalu nandikal, 
shivayoga muni, pathanjali, vyagrapada, aii (thirumoolar)
njangal eee ettuperaayirunnu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
yoga soothrangalum mahabhaarathavum ore rachayithaavintethaano ennathu valia charchaavishayamaanu. yoga soothrangalekkurichulla thaarathamyena avasaanathe (patthaam noottaand) vyaakhyaanamaaya bhojadevayude "rajamarthanda" thilum thudarnnulla niravadhi grandhangalilum ore vyakthiyaan randinteyum rachayithaavenn aadyam aaropikkappedunnu. grandhangale sambandhichidatholam, yoga soothram iii.44 pathanjaliyil ninnulla oru soothram peril udharikkunnu, ennaal eee varii thanne mahaabhaarathathil ninnullathalla. patthaam noottaandile eee eaka-rachayithrithvam samshayaaspadamaanu. yogasoothrangaludeyum mahaabhaarathatthinteyum saahithyashailikalum ulladakkangalum thikachum vyathyasthamaan, pathanjaliyekkurichulla eaka vaidyashaasthra kruthi nashtappettu. (pinneedu) samskritha ezhuthukaarude onniladhikam kruthikalude mattu kesukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, grandhangal thammilulla cross-referenceukalude abhavavum parasparam paraspara avabodhamillaymayum samshayathinte uravidangalil ulppedunnu. koodaathe, yoga soothrangalile chila gadakangal naalam noottaandinte avasaanathil ninnayirikkaam.iii.ennaal atharam mattangal vyathyasthamaaya rachayithrithvam moolamo allengil vaakkalulla paarambaryatthil asaadhaaranamallaatha pilkkala kootticherkkalukal moolamo aakam. mikka pandithanmaarum rund kruthikaleyum "pathanjaliyude" kruthikalaayi paraamarsikkunnu, avaa ore rachayithaavintethaan enna ardhamilla.
mahaabhaarathathinum yoga soothrangalkkum purame, bangali pandithanaaya chakrapani datthayude 11-aamm noottaandile charakathekkurichulla vyaakhyaanavum pathinaram noottaandile grandhamaaya "pathanjalikaritha" yum pathanjali "kaarakaprathisaamkritha" (ippol nashtappettirikkunnu) enna medical grandhamaayi visheshippikkunnu, ithu prathyakshatthil kaarakayude medical grandhatthinte oru punaravalokanamaanu ("prathisaamkritha"). vaidyashaasthrathil kaarakasamhitha (kaaraka) enna peril oru hraswagrandhamundengilum, adhyaayathinte avasaanathil, shaasthrasthaana ennu vilikkunna yoga soothrangalumaayi valia saamyam illaathathil ithu sradheyamaanu, vaasthavathil yoga soothrangalilum vyaakhyaana yogasoothrabhaagyathilum pathanjali paranjathil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaaya ettu yoga roopangal avatharippikkunnu.
yoga soothram.
yogayekkurichulla 196 indian soothrangalaanu (soothrangal) pathanjaliyude yoga soothrangal. naalppatholam indian bhaashakalilekkum rund indiakkaarallaatha bhaashakalilekkum vivarthanam cheyyappetta madhyakaalakhattathil ettavum kooduthal vivarthanam cheyyappetta purathana indian grandhamaayirunnu ithu. panthrandaam noottaand muthal pathonpathaam noottaand vare ekadesham 700 varshatholam eee grandham avyakthathayilavukayum pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil swami vivekaanandanteyum mattullavarudeyum sramangal kaaranam thirichuvarikayum cheythu. irupathaam noottaandil oru thirichuvaravu classic enna nilayil ithu veendum praadhaanyam nedi.
irupathaam noottaandinu munbu, indian yoga rangam "bhagavadgeetha", "yoga vashishta", "yoga yaajnjavalkya" thudangiya mattu yoga grandhangalaal aadhipathyam pularthiyirunnathaayi charithram soochippikkunnu. pathanjaliyude yoga soothrangal" roopeekaranangale hindu mathatthinte shaasthreeya yoga thathwachinthayude aditharakalilonnaayi pandithanmaar kanakkakkunnu.
kathyaayanante kurachukoodi munbulla "varthika" yodoppam paaniniyekkurichulla oru pradhana aadyakaala vishadeekaranamaanu pathanjaliyude ("mahathaaya vyaakhyaanam"). padangalum ardhangalum engane bandhappettirikkunnu ennathumaayi pathanjali bandhappettirikkunnu-pathanjali avakaashappedunnathu "shabdapramana"-vaakkukalude thelivu moolyam avayil antharleenamaanennum baahyamaayi uruthirinjathallennum-vaakk-ardhamulla bandham swaabhaavikamaanennum. vaakkinte ardhathilulla bandhatthile (chihnam) eee prasnangal samskritha bhashaaparamaaya paarambaryatthilum adutha pathinanju noottaandukalil mimamsa, nyaaya, budhamatha schoolukal thammilulla samvaadangalilum vishadeekarikkum.
sphota.
pathanjali spodayekkurichulla oru aadyakaala ashayathe nirvachikkunnu, athu bhartrihaariyeppolulla pilkkala samskritha bhaashaashaasthranjar ganyamaayi vishadeekarikkum. pathanjaliyil, oru "sphoda" ("sphut", "spurt/burst") ennathu samsaarathinte asthiramaaya gunanilavaaramaan. shabdamundaakkunna ghadakam ("dhwani", kelkkaavunna bhagam) neelamo hraswamo aakam, pakshe vyakthigatha speaker vyathyaasangal spota baadikkunnilla. athinaal, "keey", "pii" allengil "eiii" polulla orotta aksharam allengil 'shabdam' ("varnna") yadhaartha uchaaranathil uthppaadippikkunna vakabhedangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya oru amoorthamaanu. eee ashayam shabdaarthaparamaayi vyathyasthamaaya shabdangale nirvachikkunna ettavum kuranja vyathyasamaaya phoneminekkurichulla aadhunika ashayavumaayi bandhippichirikkunnu. athinaal oru phonem ennathu shabdangalude oru shreniyude amoorthamaanu. ennirunnaalum, pilkkala rachanakalil, prathyekichu bhartrihaariyil (sii. iii. aaram noottaand), "sphota" enna ashayam yadhaartha uchaaranathin munbaayi, lemmaic samaanamaayi oru maanasikaavasthayaayi maarunnu.
pathanjaliyude rachanakal roopashaasthrathinte ("prakrithi") chila thathwangalum vishadeekarikkunnu. paaniniyude sookthangalekkurichu vishadamaakkunna pashchaathalatthil, addeham kaathyaanayude vyaakhyaanavum charcha cheiyunnu, avaa sookthavum "soothravum" poleyaanu; pilkkala paarambaryatthil, iva pathanjaliyude charchayil ulcherthathaayi prakshepanam cheyyappettu. pothuve, kathyaayanathil alppam vyathyasthamayi vyaakhyaanikkappetta paaniniyude niravadhi sthaanangale addeham prathirodhikkunnu.
vyaakarana prachodanamaayi metaphysics.
sariyaaya roopangalum ardhangalum thettayavayil ninnu ("shabdaanushaasanam") verthirichariyuka enna ashtadhyaayiyile paaniniyude lakshyangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi pathanjaliyude lakshyangal kooduthal adhibhouthikamaanu. vedagrandhangalude sariyaaya paarayanangal ("aagama"), grandhangalude vishudhi ("raksha") nilanirthuka, avyakthatha ("asamdeha") vyakthamaakkuka, eluppathilulla patana samvidaanam ("laghu") nalkuka enna adhyapana lakshyam ennivayum ithil ulppedunnu. eee sakthamaaya adhibhouthika valavu yoga soothrangalum mahabhaarathavum thammilulla ekeekarikkunna prameyangalilonnaayi chilar soochippichittundu, ennirunnaalum ithu sookshumamaaya parisodhanayaanu.
vanangal yadhaarthathil samskrithathil upayogikkunnathil bhashayilo padaprayogatthilo samaanathakalonnum kaanichirunnilla.
pathonpathaam noottaandile ooriyantalist france keelhon aanu "dhii" enna vaachakam aadyamaayi vimarsanaathmakamaayi edittu cheythath, addeham pathanjaliyude shabdathil ninnu kaathyaanayude "shabdam" verthirichariyunnathinula bhasha maanadandangalum vikasippichu. pinneedu, 1968 leeii paatavum vivarthanavum ulppede niravadhi pathippukal puratthirangi.dii. joshi jeey.echu.eph. rudburjen palappozhum nirnnaayakamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. khedakaramennu parayatte, avasaanathe pravrithi apoornnamaanu.
yaadhaasthithika braahmana ("aashtika") grouppukalum, bhinnaparambarayilulla "naasthika" grouppukalum (budhamatham, jainamatham, nireeshwaravaadikal) thammil oru mungayum paambum thammilulla shathruthayundenn patanjaliyum avakashappettathaayi palappozhum parayappedunnu. pathanjali orikkalum eee munga-paambu saamyam upayogichillennu nathan mcgovern vaadikkunnu.
sameepakaalathe greak adhiniveshathekkurichum upabhookhandathinte vadakkupadinjaaran pradeshangalil thaamasichirunna niravadhi gothrangalekkurichum abhipraayappettukondu samakaalika sambhavangalekkurichum pathanjali velicham veeshunnu.
pathanjalathanthram.
pathanjala allengil pathanjalathanthram ennum ariyappedunna pathanjala enna medical grandhatthinte prashastha rachayithaav koodiyaanu pathanjali. yoga, aarogyavumayi bandhapetta niravadhi indian grandhangalil eee vaachakam udharichittundu. yogaratnaakara", "yogarathnaasamukkaaya", "padarthavinjaana", "chakradatta bhasha" thudangi niravadhi samskritha grandhangalil pathanjali medical authority ennu vilikkunnu. eee udharanikalil chilath "pathanjala" yude savisheshathakalaan, ennaal mattullava "charaka samhita", "sushruta samhita" thudangiya pradhana hindu medical grandhangalilum kaanapedunnu.
pathanjali enna naalaamathe pandithanum undu, addeham ettaam noottaandil jeevichirunnuvennum "charaka samhita" yekkurichu oru vyaakhyaanam ezhuthiyittundennum eee grandhatthe "kaarakavartthika" ennu vilikkunnu. pathanjali enna rund vaidyashaasthra pandithanmaar ore vyakthiyaayirikkam, pakshe samskritha vyaakarana classic "mahabharata" ezhuthiya pathanjaliyekkaal thikachum vyathyasthanaaya vyakthiyaanennu pothuve amgeekarikkappedunnu.
paarambaryamaayi.
ayyankaar yoga, ashtanga vinyasa yoga ennivayulppede chila aadhunika yoga skoolukalil pathanjali praarthanakalum aaraadhanaalayangalum nalki aadarikkunnu. yoga adhyapaka parisheelanatthil palappozhum "yoga soothrathil" "nirbandhitha nirddesham" ulppedunnuvennu yoga pandithanaaya david gorden vaitt ezhuthunnu. innu padippikkukayum pariseelikkukayum cheiyunnathupole" yogayumaayi eee vaachakam adisthaanaparamaayi aprasakthamayathinaal, "" ettavum kuranjathu parayaan kauthukam "ennu veluthavar ithine vilikkunnu," yoga soothram "" bhaavangal, neettuka, shwasikkuka ennivayekkurichulla charchakal mikkavarum illaathathaanu "ennu abhiprayappettu".