falamaanithu nikuthi parishkarana niyamam

falamaanithu nikuthi parishkarana niyamam (tra) 99-aamath yunaittad stetts kongras pasakkukayum 1986 october 22 nuu president ronald reegan niyamathil oppidukayum cheythu.
falamaanithu nikuthi parishkarana niyamamaayirunnu president reegante randaam bharanakaalathe aabhyanthara munganana. eee niyamam federal aadaayanikuthi nirakkukal kuraykkukayum nikuthi braakkattukalude ennam kuraykkukayum uyarnna nikuthi nirakk 50 sathamaanathil ninnu 28 shathamaanamaayi kuraykkukayum cheythu. ekadesham aarr dasalaksham thaazhnna varumaanamulla amerikkakkaare nikuthi aditharayil ninnu neekkam cheythukondu eee niyamam sambaadicha aadaayanikuthi credit, staanderd deduction, vyakthigatha elavu ennivayum vipuleekarichu. eee vettikkuravukal nikathunnathiloode, eee niyamam badal minimum nikuthi vardhippikkukayum vaadaka bhavanangal, vyakthigatha viramikkal akkoundukal, moolyathakarcha ennivaykkulla kizhivukal ulppede niravadhi nikuthi kizhivukal illaathaakkukayum cheythu.
nikuthi parishkkaranam varumaana-nishpakshamaanennu pravachikkappettirumnum, ithu randaam ghatta reegan nikuthi vettikkuravukal (1981 leeii saambathika veendedukkal nikuthi niyamathetthudarnnu) ennaanu ariyappettirunnath. demookratik speaker oof dhaa house tipp oo 'neel ulppede kongras republicanmaarkkum demokraattukalkkum idayil bhooripaksha vottukal nediya bill house oof representativesilum senattilum bhooripaksha pinthunayode pasaki.
paas.
paas president thiranjeduppile vijayathin sesham, president ronald reegan nikuthi coode lalithamaakkunnath thante randaam thavana aabhyanthara ajandayude kendrabinduvaayi maatti. nikuthi parishkaranatthe anukoolicha oru janaadhipathyavaadiyaaya house speaker tipp ooo 'neylinoppam pravarthicha reegan, iru partykalileyum kongras amgangalil ninnulla kaaryamaaya ethirppine marikadannu 1986 leeii nikuthi parishkarana niyamam pasaki.
aadaayanikuthi nirakkukal.
lalithamaakki nikuthivarshatthil vyakthikalude ettavum uyarnna nikuthi nirakk 50 sathamaanathil ninnu 33 shathamaanamaayi kurachu. thaazhnna thalatthilulla niravadhi nikuthi brackettukal ekeekarikkukayum thaazhathe nirakkinte uyarnna varumaana nilavaaram (samyukthamaayi phayal cheiyunna vivahangal) prathivarsham 5,720 dollaril ninnu 29,750 dollarayi uyarthukayum cheythu. eee paakkej aathyanthikamayi varumaanathinte pathinanju thalangalil ninnu varumaanathinte naalu thalangalilekku nikuthi brackettukal ekeekarichu. staanderd deduction, vyakthigatha elavu, sambaadicha varumaana credit ennivayum vipuleekarikkappettu, athinte falamaayi aarr dasalaksham pavapetta amerikkakkaare aadaayanikuthi pattikayil ninnu neekkam cheyyukayum ellah varumaana thalangalilumulla aadaayanikuthi badhyatha kuraykkukayum cheythu. uyarnna nilavaaramulla kizhivu pala vyakthikalkkum nikuthi retainukal thayyarakkunnathu ganyamaayi lalithamaakki.
lalithamaakki nikuthivarshatthil 15 sathamaanam/28 sathamaanam/33 sathamaanam enna oru gratewade nirakk ghadana eee niyamam nalki. nalki nikuthivarsham muthal, eee niyamam 15 sathamaanam/28 sathamaanam/33 sathamaanam enna naamamaathramaaya nirakk ghadana nalki. ennirunnaalum, 1988 muthal, oru nischitha thalathekkaal kooduthal nikuthi varumaanamulla nikuthidaayakarkku ekadesham 28 sathamaanam phalapradamaaya nirakkil nikuthi chumatthi. chumatthi oomnibas bajatt resiliation aaktil ithu ozhivaakkappettu, allengil "bush taxes vardhanavu" ennariyappedunnu, ithu addehathinte niyamathe lamghichu.
nikuthi aanukoolyangal.
vaadakaykku nalkunna bhavanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol udamastharude udamasthathayilulla bhavanangalile nikshepathe anukoolikkunna prolsaahanangalum eee niyamam vardhippichu. niyamathinu munbu, ellah vyakthigatha palishayum kurachirunnu. pinneedu, bhawana ikvitti vaaypakalude palisha ulppede bhawana panayam vacha palisha maathrame kuraykkaan kazhiyoo. vaadakaykku nalkunna bhavanangalkulla niravadhi nikshepa aanukoolyangal eee niyamam ghattamghattamaayi ozhivaakki, vaadaka swathinte moolyathakarcha kaalayalav aii. dii. 1 varshathil ninnu 27.5 varshamaayi neetti. nishkriya nashtangalkkulla kizhivu illaathaakkikkondu riyal estettu nikshepathe ithu niruthsaahappedutthi. thaazhnna varumanakkaar udamastharude udamasthathayilulla bhavanathekkaal vaadaka bhavanangalil thaamasikkanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaayirikkumbol, niyamathile eee vyavastha thaazhnna varumaanakkaarkk prapyamaaya bhavanangalude puthiya vitharanam kuraykkunnathinulla pravanathayundaakumaayirunnu. kurachu balance nalkunnathinum paavappettavarkk multy famili housingil nikshepam prolsaahippikkunnathi kuranja varumaanamulla bhawana nikuthi credit niyamathil chertthu.
koodaathe, credit card kadam polulla upabhokthru vaaypakalude palishayil inii kizhivu labikkilla. nikuthi niyamathile nilavilulla oru vyavastha, varumaana sharashari ennu vilikkappedunnu, ithu aduthide mumbathethinekkaal uyarnna shambalam nedunnavarkku nikuthi kurachirunnu, athu illaathaakki (pinneedu bhaagikamaayi punasthaapichenkilum, 1997 ll karshakarkum 2004 ll mathsyathozhilaalikalkkum). ennirunnaalum, eee niyamam vyakthigatha elavum staanderd deduction vardhippichu.
vyakthigatha retairment akkoundu (aii. aarr. eiii) kizhivu karsanamaayi niyanthrichirunnu. niyanthrichirunnu employees retairment inkam security aaktinte bhagamaayaanu aii. aarr. eiii roopeekarichathu, pension plaaninte paridhiyil varaatha jeevanakkaarkk 1500 dollaril thaazhe allengil sambaadicha varumaanathinte 15 sathamaanam sambhavana cheyyaan kazhiyum. kazhiyum saambathika veendedukkal nikuthi niyamam (erta) pension plan closs neekkam cheyyukayum sambhavana paridhi 2000 dollaril thaazheyo allengil sambaadicha varumaanathinte 100% laco uyarthukayum cheythu. falamaanithu nikuthi parishkarana niyamam 2000 dollar sambhavana paridhi nilanirtthiyenkilum pension plan parirakshayullathum mithamaaya muthal uyarnna varumaanamullathumaaya kudumbangalkk kizhivu parimithappedutthi. kizhivu labhikkatha sambhavanakal anuvadichirunnu.
moolyathakarcha kizhivukalum vettikkurachu. erttaykku munbu, moolyathakarcha treasury vakupp nalkunna "upayogapradamaaya ayuss" kanakkukoottalukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu. erta "accelered koost recovery sisttam" (eiii. sii. aarr. ezz) sthaapichu. saankethika upakaranagalkk moonnu varshavum saankethikamallaatha oafees upakaranagalkk anchu varshavum vyaavasaayika upakaranagalkk patthu varshavum riyal estettinu pathinanju varshavum adisthaanamaakkiyulla upayogapradamaaya jeevithangalude oru parambara ithu sthaapichu. paridhi eee jeevithakalam vardhippikkukayum badal minimum taxes (amt) paridiyilulla nikuthidaayakarkkaayi avaa kooduthal neettaan sahayikkukayum cheythu. saambathika vidagdhar oru aasthiyude saambathika moolyavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol athinte yadhaartha ayuss nirnnayikkaan upayogicha oru aashayamaaya "saambathika moolyathakarcha" yaanu eee randaamathethu, deerghakaalam jeevikkunnath.
nirddishta sambhavana (dissy) pension sambhavanakal vettikkurachu. vettikkurachu munbulla niyamam, dissy pension paridhi nashtaparihaaratthinte 25 sathamaanam allengil 30,000 dollaril kuravaayirikkumennaayirunnu. ithu thiranjedukkaavunna maattivaykkalukaludeyum labham pankidal sambhaavanakaludeyum samyojanathiloode poortthiyaakkaan kazhiyum. panapperuppavumaayi soochikayilaakkiya 7000 dollar elective deferral paridhi paridhi avatharippichu. ellah jeevanakkarkkum labham pankidal sathamaanam orupoleyayirikkanam ennathinaal, 401 (keey) kalilum mattu tharatthilulla dissy pension plaanukalilum kooduthal thulyamaaya sambhavanakal nalkunnathinte uddeshicha falamaanithu.
falamaanithu nikuthi parishkarana niyamam yogyathayulla pension padhathikalkkum svakaaryamekhalayile thozhiludamakalkulla 403 (bii) padhathikalkkum baadhakamaaya pothuvaaya vivechanarahitha niyamangal avatharippichu. uyarnna nashtapariharam labhikkuna jeevanakkaarkk anukoolamaayi vivechanam kaanikkan atharam pension padhathikale athu anuvadichilla. anuvadichilla padhathi varshathil oru padhathiyude paalikkal parishodhikkunnathinaayi uyarnna nashtapariharam labhikkuna jeevanakkaaran jeevanakkaaran padhathi varshathil nashtapariharam 95,000 dollar kaviyunna eathoru jeevanakkaran aanu. athinaal, ellah puthiya niyamanangalum nirvachanam anusarichu uyarnna nashtapariharam labhikkatha jeevanakkaraanu. minimum kavarej testtilum minimum pankaalittha testtilum vijayikkaan kazhiyunnillengil uyarnna nashtapariharam labhikkuna jeevanakkaarkk kooduthal anukoolamaaya adisthaanathil aanukoolyangalo sambhaavanakalo nalkaan oru padhathikku kazhiyilla.
vanjanaaparamaaya aashrithar.
thangalude nikuthi rittenukalil kuttikale aashrayikkunnuvenn avakaashappedunna aalukal kuttiyude asthithvam parishodhikkunnathin avakaashappedunna oro kuttikkum oru saamoohika suraksha nambar nedukayum pattikappedutthukayum cheyyanamennu niyamam aavashyappedunnu. eee niyamathinu munbu, nikuthi kizhivukal avakaashappedunna maathaapithaakkal thangal pinthunacha kuttikalude ennathekkurichu kallam parayaathirikkanulla bahumaanaartham aayirunnu. eee aavasyakatha ghattamghattamaayi nadappaakkukayum thudakkathil 5 vayassinu mukalilulla kuttikalkk maathram saamoohika suraksha nambarukal aavashyamaayi varikayum cheythu. aadya varshathil, eee vanchana virudha maattam ezhu dasalaksham aashritharkk avakaashavaadam unnayikkaan kaaranamaayi, avayil mikkavarum ellaam orikkalum nilavilillaattha kuttikaloo allengil custodial allatha maathaapithaakkal anuchithamayi avakaashappedunna nikuthi kizhivukaloo ulppettathayi vishwasikkappedunnu.
amtyil maattam varuthuka.
yadhaartha badal minimum taxes targettucheytha nikuthi shelterukal kurachu sambanna kudumbangal upayogikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1986 leeii nikuthi parishkarana niyamam mikka amerikkakkaarkkum labhikkuna vyathyasthamaaya kizhivukal lakshyamit aamdiye valareyadhikam vipuleekarichu. vyakthigatha elavu, samsthaana, praadeshika nikuthikal, staanderd deduction, swakaarya pravartthana boond palisha, union kudissika polulla chila chelavukal, gurutharaavasthayilullavarkkalullu chila medical chelavukal polum ippol eee vardhanavinu kaaranamakum. 2007ll newyork times report cheythath, "nikuthi adaykkaatha sambanna nikshepakarkkulla oru niyamam uyarnna nikuthi samsthaanangalile veedukal svanthamaakkiya kudumbangalil veendum shradha kendreekarichu."
nishkriya nashtangalum nikuthi shelterukalum.
 (nishkriya pravartthana nashtangalkkulla kizhivukalude parimithikalum nishkriya pravartthana kredittukalude parimithikalum) niravadhi nikuthi shelterukal, prathyekichu riyal estettu nikshepangalkku, neekkam cheythu. ithu 1980 kalude thudakkam muthal pakuthi vareyulla riyal estettu kuthippin avasaanamundakki, ithu yuu. esinte praadhamika kaaranamaayirunnu.ezz. sambaadyavum vaipa prathisandhiyum.
1986 nuu munbu, nishkriya nikshepakarkku nikuthi adaykkaavunna varumanam nikathaan riyal estettu nashtam upayogikkaan kazhinju. eee edapaadukalil ninnulla nashtam kuraykkaan kazhiyaathappol, pala nikshepakarum avarude asthikal vittu, ithu riyal estettu vila kurayaan kaaranamaayi.
cherukida bhoovudamakale sahayikkunnathinaayi, 1986 leeii nikuthi parishkarana niyamathil thaalkkaalikamaayi 25,000 dollar motham vaadaka nashtam kizhivu ulppedunnu, 14 divasathil kooduthalo vaadaka divasangalude 10 shathamaanamo swath vyakthiparamayi upayogichilla, krameekaricha motham varumanam 100,000 dollaril thaazheyaayirunnuvenkil.
chila professionalukale niyamikkunna saankethika sevana sthaapanangalude nikuthi perumaattam.
oru thozhilaalliye eppol nikuthi aavasyangalkkaayi oru jeevanakkaranaayi, oru swatantra kararukaaranaayi ennathilupari, visheshippikkanam enna prashnam kaikaaryam cheiyunna oru nirvachanamo niyamangalo aabhyanthara ravanyoo codil adangiyilla. nikuthi chikitsa pothu niyamam nalkunna (20) gadakangalude prayogatthe aasrayichirikkunnu, athu samsthaanathinanusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu.
senattar danielle patrick moinihan avatharippicha sekshan 1706 1978 leeii ravanyoo niyamathile sekshan 530-ll oru upavibhagam (dii) chertthu, ithu enchineeyarmaar, designermar, draftermaar, computer professionalukal, samana vaidagdhyamulla thozhilaallikal thudangiya thozhilaallikalkk swatantra kararukaarante vargeekaranathinulla (akkaalat payrol nikuthikal ozhivakkiya) "saphe harber" ozhivakkal neekkam cheythu.
munbu svayam thozhil cheiyunna oru moonnaam kakshi edanilakkaarane oru jeevanakkaranaayi tharamthirikkanamennu aii. aarr. ezz nirnnayikkukayaanenkil, aaa moonnaam kakshi idanila kambaniyude nikuthi, pizha, palisha enniva aii. aarr. ezz vilayiruthunnu, ennirunnaalum athu thozhilaalikko anthima klayantino ethiralla. upabhokthakkalumaayi nerittu karar cheytha vyakthikalkk ithu baadhakamalla.
nikuthi niyamathile maattam videshathu jolie cheiyunna amerikkakkaarude videsha nikuthikal sambandhicha niyamathil maattam varuthiya mattu niyamanirmmaanangalude nikuthi varumaana nashtam nikathumennu pratheekshichirunnu. kuranjathu oru sthaapanamenkilum athinte bisinus model puthiya chattangalumayi poruthappedutthi. 1991 leeii treasury department nadatthiya oru padanatthil, saankethika vidagtharkkulla nikuthi paalikkal svayam thozhil cheiyunna thozhilaallikalil ettavum uyarnnathaanennum 1706-aamm vakupp adhika nikuthi varumanam uyarthillennum svayam thozhil cheiyunna thozhilaallikalkk jeevanakkaareppole nikuthirahita aanukoolyangal labhikkathathinaal nashtamundaakkumennum kandethi.
kandethi oru reportil, moinihante samrambhathe "aii. bii. emm.-nuu anukoolam" ennu mudrakuthi."2010 februvariyil oru kettida housing irs offeesukalilekku thante vimanam paratthiya software professional josaf staakkinte aathmahathyaakkurippil, nikuthi niyamathile sekshan 1706 leeii maattam ulppede niravadhi gadakangal thante prashnangale kuttappedutthi, athesamayam senattar moinihane peru paraamarshikkuka polum cheythu, oru idanila sthaapanavum paraamarshichittillenkum, ritten phayal cheiyunnathil parajayappettu.
aabhyanthara varumaana kodinte peru.
niyamathile sekshan 2 (eiii) aabhyanthara ravanyoo kodinte peru "1954 leeii aabhyanthara ravanyoo codil" ninnu "1986 leeii aabhyanthara ravanyoo coode" aayi audyogikamaayi maatti. varuthiyenkilum niyamavaliyil niravadhi bhedagathikal eee niyamam varuthiyenkilum varuthiyenkilum niyamaavaliyude mothatthilulla gadanayude punarnirmmaanamo ganyamaaya punarnirmmaanamo punasamghadanayo aayirunnilla athu. athinaal, 1954 muthalulla nikuthi niyamangal (1986 nuu sheshamullava ulppede) 1954 kodile bhedagathikalude roopameduthuvenkilum ippol 1986 coode ennu vilikkunnu.

