svayambharana samooham

selbon sosaitti allengil selbon leag brittanile ettavum pazhaya deseeya samrakshana samghadanayum rajisttar cheytha chaarittiyumaan. selboninte prakrithishaasthranjanaaya gilbert vaittinte perum thaalpparyangalum nilanirthunnathinaayi" 1885 novemberil roopeekaricha ithu shekharanathekkaal nireekshana thathwashaasthram pinthudarnnu. pakshikaludeyum sasyangaludeyum manoharamaaya sthalangaludeyum samrakshanamaayirunnu athinte lakshyam. 
jorjju arther musgrev (1843-29 august 1912) addehathinte bhaarya tereza oof torkway inn devon ennivar chernnaanu sosaitti sthaapichathu, ithu gilbert vaittinte "dhii naachural histtari aandu antiquities oof selbon" enna prashasthamaaya pusthakatthil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu. 1886 januvariyil bahumanappetta francis oorpen morris lady moundu temple chernnu sthaapicha plamej leegumaayi ithu samyojippikkappettu, pakshikaludeyum sasyangaludeyum manoharamaaya sthalangaludeyum samrakshanathinaayi selbon sosaitti enna poornna thalakkettode, pakshikale faashanaayi upayogikkunnathinethiraaya prachaaranakkar victoria raajnjiyude makal kristhyan raajakumaariyude rajakeeya rakshaakarthruthvathode "plamej vibhaagam" roopeekarichu. 1887 muthal ithu "selbon aksharangalum" "selbon maasikayum" nirmmikkaan thudangi. 1888 januvari januvari alfred, loard tennison presidentaayi niyamithanaaya oru yogathinu sesham samghadana kooduthal samghadithamaayi. eee yogathil "vidyaabhyaasam" enna lakshyam koottichertthu. 1890 muthal persey mailsinteyum jaims brittanteyum edittarshippil "selbon magazin" "nechar notes" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu. 1897ll brittanile maranashesham edittar jii. ezz. bolger. vanyamaaya poonthottaparipaalanathe prolsaahippikkunnathum vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevajaalangalude nilanilpp prolsaahippikkunnathi 1884 ll juliana horashia eving sthaapicha paarkkinsans sosaittiyum selbon samoohavumaayi layichu.
samoohathile amgangalaaya roobert hunder hardwick ransley 1895-ll okdaaviya hill enna sthalathil chernnu "manoharamaaya sthalangal" samrakshikkunnathinaayi deseeya trastt roopeekarichu. maanchasttarile didsburyile pakshikalude samrakshanathinaayulla sosaitti, croydonile "romangal, chirakukal, thoovalukal" thudangiya samanamaaya grouppukal plamej leag srishtichu. 1891 meyy maasathil iva randum layippichu pakshikalude samrakshanathinaayulla samoohamaayi maari, 1904ll ithu pakshikalude samrakshanathinaayulla rajakeeya samoohamaayi maari. 1919 muthal 1939 vare vidyaabhyaasathinte punk praadhamikamaayi maarukayum samooham prakrithi charithrathinappuram shaasthram, charithram, paryavekshanam enniva ulkkollunna oru prabhaashana beuro aayi maarukayum cheythu.
pravartthanangal.
charitraparamaayi, svayambharana samooham praadeshika niyamanirmmaanasabhayumaayi chernnu samrakshanatheyum paristhithivaadatheyum kurichulla nayangal prolsaahippikkunnathi pravarthichu. paristhithi prashnangalekkurichu englandil pothujana avabodham valarthiya aadya samghadanakalil onnaaya ithu american pakshishaasthra samooham polulla anthaaraashtra prasthaanangalkk oru pradhana udaaharanamaayi pravarthichu. selbonil ninnaan eee samooham uthbhavichathenkilum, athu deseeya janapreeti nedukayum taamasiyaathe yunaittad kingdatthiludaneelam shaakhakal sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
innu, selbon sosaitti landanil perival wood local nechar reservinte udamasthathayum pravartthanavum nadathunnu.
karuthal shekharam.
apoorva mrugangaleyum sasyajaalangaleyum krishi cheiyunnathinaayi selbon sosaitti bhaavithalamurakalkkayi praadeshika bhoopradeshangal vaangi. vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevajaalangale vamshanaashabheeshani neridunnathinte purogathi report cheiyunnathinum avayude paripaalanatthinum sannadhapravarthakare niyogichu. 1923-ll, perival maratthilulla bhoomi ekadesham 5000 poundinu oru anjjaatha daataav gilbert vaittinayi vaangukayum smaarakamaakkukayum cheythu. eee reservil ippol 600-ladhikam inam fangasukalum ekadesham 300 inam sasyajaalangalum undu, koodaathe vadakkan gaanett polulla apoorva enangal ulppede nooriladhikam inam pakshikal sandarshichittundu. tintan abbe polulla saamskaarika praadhaanyamulla kettidangalilekkum samrakshanam vyaapichu.
parvathanirakalude roopabhedam thadayunnathinaayi maalvarn kunnukalil oru kwari vangiya hills kansarvettarmaarude pravartthanangale prashamsikkunnathupollu swaabhaavika bhooprakrithiyude samrakshanavum svayam janmam nalkunna samooham vaadichu. vegathil valarunna villo marangal krishi cheiyunna mekhalayile purogamana vanaa karshakarude samoohathinte amgeekaaram kaanikkunnathupole kizhakkan aamgliyayude vanavalkkaranavum prothsaahippikkappettu.
prathishedhangal.
paristhithi samrakshikkunnathinulla thangalude lakshyangal munnott kondupokaan samooham niyamaparamaaya sammarddam sajeevamaayi upayogichu. vyapakamaaya parasyangal, chathuppukal vattikkal, apoorva pakshikale vettayaadal enniva palappozhum leegine vimarshikkunna lakshyangalaayirunnu. 1893ll sosaitti praadeshika paarlamentil oru parasya niyanthrana bill thayyarakkukayum aakramanaathmakamaayi parasyam cheytha charakkukal bahishkarikkaan nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. 1903ll, 1,298 pukamalineekarana kesukal anweshikkaanum praadeshika adhikaarikalkk report cheyyaanum sosaitti panamadachulla inspectormaare niyamichu. sosaittiyude prasidheekaricha maasikayile pothu prathishedhathiloodeyum prathishedhangal uyarnnuvannu, saadhaaranayaayi edittarkku kathukalude roopathil.
trophy vettakkaarum sosaittiyude prathishedhatthinte mattoru lakshyamayirunnu. 1901-ll, "prakrithi kurippukal" nirmmicha lekhanangal engleesh graamapradesangalil vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna thalangalilekku vettayaadappetta baadjarukaludeyum polkaattukaludeyum samrakshanathinaayi munnott pooyi. thadi-warbler, gold krestt inam pakshikale vettayaadiyathinu ploom vettakkar kanatha vimarsanavum nerittu.
prabhashanangal.
paristhithi samrakshanathekkurichulla kooduthal avabodhathinaayi selbon sosaitti soujanya pothu prabhashanangal sponsor cheythu. englandile doktarettu budhijeevikalude neethrthwathil, sasyashasthram, pakshishaasthram, suvolaji, bhoomishaasthra charithram ennivayulppede prabhaashana vishayangal vyaapichukidakkunnu.
maasikakal.
selbon sosaitti ekadesham moonnu pathittaandolam amgangal mathramulla oru maasika prasidheekarichu.
"prakrithi kurippukal".
"1890 januvariyilaanu "nechar notes" aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu.
prakrithidatha vasthukkalekurichulla arivilum paristhithi avabodhathilum purogathiyude rekhayaayi maasika pravarthichu. anthaaraashtra nayangal, niyamangal allengil prakrithidatha jeevajaalangale bheeshanippeduthiyekkaavunna mattu aashankakal ennivayekkurichulla paaristhithika prashnangalekkurichu pothujanangale ariyikkuka enna samoohathinte lakshyam vardhippikkunnathinu athinte edittarmaar shaasthreeya krithyathayum dahikkunna vishayangalum samyojippichu. shaasthreeya reportukalude samgrahangal, pramukha adhikaarikal thammilulla kathidapaadukal, sketch malsarangal enniva paristhithi thalpparyangalil pothujana thaalparyam prothsaahippikkunnathi upayogichu. samoohathile amgangalil ninnum praadeshika hobiyistukalil ninnum kavithakal, kathukal, paristhithiyekkurichulla nireekshanangal enniva prasidheekarichu. praadeshika, anthardesheeya samrakshana prasthaanangalekkurichu avalokanangalum edittarmaar nalki, aagola paristhithi udyamangalkku avar nalkia sambhaavanakale vimarshichu.
anthaaraashtra prathikaranam.
selbon samooham anthaaraashtra paristhithi prasthaanangalude oru maathrkayaayi pravarthichu. american ooduboon sosaittiyum american oornitholajistukalude union kammitti oonn bared protection amerikkayile paristhithi avabodhathe abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinulla pradhana maathrkayaayi selbon sosaitiye udharichu. europiludaneelavum indiayile seyloon vare dooreyullah sasyashaasthranjaril ninnum suvolajist premikalil ninnum sosaitti athinte maasikayil anthaaraashtra kathidapaadukal prasidheekarichu.
saambathikam.
selbon sosaittikk eathaandu amgangal mathramaayirunnu dhanasahayam nalkiyathu; 1900-ll, sosaittiyude vaarshika varumanamaaya 41 poundinte 90 sathamaanathiladhikam varikkaaril ninnum sambhaavanakalil ninnum vannu, panapperuppatthinaayi krameekarikkumbol motham 30,486 dollar. 1924 aayappozhekkum samoohathinte varumaanathinte 60 sathamaanathiladhikam koodundaakkunna pettikaludeyum pakshikalude kulikaludeyum vilppanayil ninnaan vannath. yudhashramathinte aavasyakatha kaaranam lokamahaayudhangal samoohathinte varumaanathil valia swaadheenam cheluthukayum 1950-kalode athinte pala shaakhakalum pravartthanam nirthaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu.

