fort canning hill

singappoorinte madhyabhaagathulla singappoorinte thekkukizhakkan bhaagath ekadesham uyaramulla oru pradhana kunnaanu fort canning hill, munbu sarkkar kunnu, singapur kunnu, bukit larangan (malayil "nirodhicha kunnu") allengil fort canning ennu ariyappedunnu, ithu singappoorinte kendra bisinus jillayaan.
nagaratthinte sivik jillayilekkulla nadattham akalatthil, nagarakendratthinte madhyabhaagathu ettavum uyarnna uyarathil sthithicheyyunnathinaal eee kunninu rajyavumaayi bandhapetta oru neenda charithramund. pradarshanangal, kacherikal, outtdoor vinodam ennivaykkulla oru janapriya sthalam koodiyaanithu.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
indiayile aadyathe vaisroyiyaaya viskaundu chaals joonn kaanimginte perilaanu ithu ariyappedunnathu. purathana kaalam muthal maleshyakkaar eee kunnine "bukit larangan" allengil nirodhitha kunnu ennu vilichirunnu. purathana singappoorile rajaakkanmaare samskaricha sthalamaanithennum prethangal vettayaadappettathaanenna vishwasichirunnuvennum vishwasikkunnathukondaanu ithu.
orikkal oru kottaram kunnin mukalil nilakondirunnathaayum vishwasikkappedunnu. pathinalam noottaandil kunnin mukalilulla oru vaasasthalathe yuwan raajavamshathile sanjaariyaaya wang dayuwan "baann suu" (malay "pankur" ennathil ninnu) ennu vilichirunnu. pinneedu, sarr stamford raffles avide thante vasathi nirmmichu, athu mattu thaamasakkaarum gavarnarmaarum upayogichirunnu. 1861ll eee sthalathu oru sainika kotta nirmmikkunnathuvare ithu sarkkar kunnu ennariyappettu, fort canning ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu. innu ithu kotta canning reservoirudeyum kotta canning paarkkinteyum sthaanamaanu.
charithram.
temasec/baann suu.
pathinalam noottaandil abhivridhi praapicha purathana singapurathinte kendramaayirunnu eee kotta, raashtreeyavum mathaparavum vaanijyaparavumaya praadhaanyamulla vividha kettidangalulla oru kottaram kaivashappeduthiyirunnathi vishwasikkappedunnu. 1330-ll chainees sanjaariyaaya wang dayavan thaan "danmaxy" (temasec) ennu peritta singapur dweep sandarshichu. wang thante kruthiyaaya "davoi silyoo" yill temasekkinte rund vyathyastha vaasasthalangale vivarichittundu "long yaa menn", "baann suu". "long yaa menn" ennathinu pinnilulla oru kunnin mukalil sthithi cheiyunna "baann suu" innathe kottayude kunnin mukalilaanu. kadalkkollaykk irayaakunnavaraayi visheshippikkappetta "long yaa menn" nivaasikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, "baann suu" yile aalukale sathyasandharaayi visheshippichu. aalukal "svarnnathinte mudikondulla oru thalappaavumaayi mudi cheruthaakkukayum" chuvanna niratthilulla vasthrangal dharikkukayum oru nethaavine labikkukayum cheythirunnuvennu parayappedunnu. 1928ll 14-aamm noottaandinte madhyathil thozhilaallikal kottayude canning reservoirinaayi khananam nadathumbol javanese shailiyilulla svarnnaabharanangalude oru shekharam kandethi. 1984ll aarambhicha puraavastu khananangalude oru parambara pathinalam noottaandile glassin svarnnathinumulla varkshoppukaludeyum kodumudiyude sameepamulla oru aachaaraparamo mathaparamo aaya pradeshathinteyum thelivukal kandethiyittundu.
pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathode singapura majaapaahithukalo siamese vamshajo aakramichathaayum ithu athinte bharanadhikaari parameshwarane malaakkayilekk neengaan nirbandhithanaakkiyathaayum charitraparamaaya srothassukal soochippikkunnu. eee kaalayalavil kottayude canningle vaasasthalam upekshikkappettirunnu puraavastu thelivukal soochippikkunnu, ennirunnaalum singappooril oru cheria vyapara vaasasthalam pinneedu kurachukaalam thudarnnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil fort canning kunnin mukalilulla vaasasthalathinte avashishtangal ippozhum drishyamaayirunnu, koodaathe oru purathana thottatthinte avashishtangal, manpaathrangalude sakalangal, chainees nanayangal ennivayude soochanakalum kandethiya joonn crofford vivarichu, avayil aadyathethu patthaam noottaandile gaana raajavamshathinte kaalamaan. kunnin mukalil oru kshethramaayirikkaavunna chathuraakrithiyilulla oru chathura terresinte avashishtangal crofford vivarichu, kunninte vadakkan charivil ekadesham athe valippamulla mattoru terrous oru malayan rajaavaaya iskander shaayude shavakudeerangalodu paranju, ennirunnaalum avide oru shavakudeerathinte thelivukalonnumilla.
"baann suu" ennathu oru aruvi allengil aruvi ennartham varunna "pankur" enna malayan padatthinte oru traanscriptionaanu. purathana kaalath bharanaadhikaariyude veettile sthreekal kulikkaarundaayirunna "pankur larangan" allengil "nishidhamaaya vasantham" ennu vilikkappedunna kunninte padinjaaru bhaagath vasantham nilavilundaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil singappooril thuramukhathu nirthunna ellah kappalukalkkum aavasyakkaar kappal sheshi kaviyunnathuvare shudhamaaya kudivellam nalkaan eee aruvi upayogichirunnu, kunninu chuttum kinarukal kuzhichathinaal neerurava vattukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala colonial kaalaghattam.
1819 februvari 6 nuu temengong abdul rahman sultan hussain shaayum stamford raafilsumaayi singapur udambadiyil oppuvachu. mejar vilyam farkhar eathaanum malakkan maleshyakkaarum bukkitt larangan kayarukayundaayi. farkhar aadyathe thokku varachu kunnin mukalil union jacq uyarthunnathinaayi poost sthaapichu, ithu singappoorinte britiish vaasasthalamaayi janichathinte adayaalamaanu. athe divasam thanne singappoorile aadya thaamasakkaaranaayum kamaandantaayum raffles farkharine niyamichu. pittennu purappedunnathinu munbu, puthiya britiish vaasasthalathinte bharanathekkurichulla oru koottam nirddeshangalumaayi raffles farkharil ninnu purappettu. eee kunnu pinneedu singapur kunnu ennariyappettu.
raffles akkaalat sumatrayile benkoolanil aayirunnappol, jorjju drungold colman, naalu maasamaayi addeham madangivarunnathuvare kaathirikkukayum athinidayil thante thaamasathinaayi residency house raffles cheyyaan roopakalppana cheyyukayum cheythu. 1822 octoberil madangiyethiya addeham kolmaante roopakalppanayil mathippulavaakkiya raffles veedinu amgeekaaram nalki, athinte nirmmaanam 1822 novemberil singapur kunnil aarambhich 1823 januvariyil poortthiyaayi. ithu oru "attaap" melkoorayulla oru thadi bamglaavaayirunnu, ithinu 100 adii valippamundaayirunnu. 50 adii. munnilum pinnilum varaanthakalulla rund samanthara haalukalum urakkamuriyayi pravartthikkunna rund chathuraakrithiyilulla chirakukalum undaayirunnu.
1822ll raffles singappoorile aadyathe botanical garden sthaapichu. 48 ekkar bhoomi pareekshanathmaka vilakrishikkaayi neekkivachu, pakshe pareekshanam paraajayappedukayum 1829ll poonthottam upekshikkappedukayum cheythu.
raafilsinte muun vasathi 1824 juunil randaam thaamasakkaaranaaya joonn crofford dhanasahayam nalkikkond singappoorile mattu thaamasakkaarum gavarnarmaarum sarkkar bhavanamaayi upayogikkunnathinaal collaman ishtikakalum tailukalum upayogichu vipuleekarikkukayum punarroopakalppana cheyyukayum cheythu, angane eee sthalathinu sarkkar hill enna peru labhichu. 1859ll oru kottaykku vazhiyorukkunnathinaayi veedu polichumaattiyappol, sarkkar veedu ooksli estettile pavaliyan enna veettilekku maatti.
1824 august 2 nuu temengong abdul rahman, sultan hussain, joonn crofford ennivar kunninpuratthu sauhruda, sakhya udambadi oppuvachu. vilyam faarkhar kunnil union jacq pathaaka uyarthiyathinu sesham maleshyakkaar eee kunnine bukit bendera (malaysiayil flag hill) ennum pinneedu 1836 muthal 1848 vare gavarnaraayirunna sarr saamuval jorjju bonhaaminte peril bukit tuwan bonhaam (malaysiayil "sarr bonhaaminte kunnu") ennum ariyappettirunnu.
singappoorile aadyakaala yooropyanmaarude shmashaanamaayi pravartthikkunna oru kristhyan semiteri kunnin mukalil nilavilundaayirunnu. aadyathe kristhyan semiteri 1822 vare upayogichu, 3 shavakudeerangal undaayirunnu, raffles hausinu sameepamaan ithu sthithicheythirunnathu. randaamathe semiteri fort canning kunninte charivukalil sthithicheyyukayum 1834-ll vipuleekarikkukayum prathishtikkukayum cheythu. 1846-ll kyapttan chaals edward fabber nirmmicha oru ishtika mathilum oru gothik kavaadavum athine valayam cheiyunnathinaayi nirmikkappettu. rund classical smaarakangalum ishtika mathilukalil sthaapicha chila thalakkallukalum eee sthalathu avasheshichu. 1865ll poornnamaayi adachathaayi prakhyaapikkunnathuvare semiteri upayogikkunnathu thudarnnu. eee samayamaayappozhekkum avideyulla shavakudeerangalil moonnilonnu chainees kristhyaanikalaayirunnu. kristhyaanikalaayirunnu semiteri purathedukkukayum avasheshikkunna shavakudeerangalil palathum avasheshikkunna mathilukalil pathippikkukayum cheythu.
kotta sainika upayogavum.
1859 aayappozhekkum thuramukha prathirodhatthinte abhavam eee kunninte sainikavelakalkk kaaranamaayi. govarnorude vasathi polichuneekkukayum ayudhashala, baarakkukal, ashupatri ennivayulla oru kotta nirmmikkukayum cheythu. 1861ll poortthiyaaya eee kottaykku annathe govarnor generalum indiayude aadya vaisroyiyumaaya viskaundu chaals joonn kaanimginte perilaanu fort canning ennu perittathu. oru report vipulamaaya kottakal shupaarsha cheythu, ithu oru valia kotta vyaapaarathin haanikaramaanennu karuthiya bisinesses samoohathe aashankappeduthi. oduvil offeesarmaarude kwartezhsum ezhu 68 poundar bharamullah plaattphomukalude oru parambarayum kadalinu abhimukhamaayi nirmikkappettu. 1867ll ettu 8 inch shell thokkukalum rund 13 inch shell thokkukalum chertthu. ennirunnaalum, kottakalude thokkukalkku purathaayi kappalukalkk pattanatthe nasippikkaan kazhiyunnathra eluppathil aduthethaanaakumennathil kottakalude nirmmaanam thudakkam muthal oru parajayamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. koodaathe jalavitharanathinte abhavam kottaye oru abhayasthaanamaayi upayogashoonyamaakki.
1907ll pazhaya kotta polichuneekkappedukayum kottayude kavaadavum rund ombathu poundu peerankikalum maathrame avasheshikkunnulloo. aasthaanam malaya command ooppareshans bunker ennariyappedunna oru sainika aasthaanam pinneedu nirmikkappettu, bhoogarbha murikal ooppareshans sentaraayi pravarthichu. britiish sainyathin keezhil, 1941ll randaam lokamahaayudham eshya pasafikkilekku vyaapikkunnathuvare singapur bays distrikttinte aasthaanamaayi ithu pravarthichu. 1938ll poortthiyaaya eee 'bankaril' 30 murikalum svanthamaayi generatorum undaayirunnu. 1942 februvari februvari lefttanant general arther ernest persival singappoorine ivide japanese sainyathin keezhadakki. 1945ll britiish sainyam niyanthranam punaraarambhikkunnathuvare jappankar sainyathinaayi nilatthinu mukalilum thaazheyumulla kettidangalum upayogichu. bhoogarbha bunker upekshichuvenkilum 1992 januvari 31 nuu vinodasanjaara akarshanamaayi veendum thurakkukayum ippol baattil boxes ennariyappedukayum cheythu.
dweep svayam nirnnayathilekku neengumbol, britishukaar 1963 ll kottayude niyanthranam singapur sainyathin kaimari, 1966 desember vare naalam malaysian kaalaalppada brigedinte aasthaanamaayirunnu ithu. 1970 februvari 13 nuu audyogikamaayi thuranna kottayil singapur command aandu staaf koleju nirmmikkaan saphe thudarnnu.
fort canning reservoir.
kottayude canning sevana jalasambharaniyude nirmmaanam 1927 ll aarambikkukayum 1929 ll poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. takarnna kottayude muun barac, paredu groundinte sthalathulla kunnin mukalil ithu nirmmichu. 1928-ll reservoirinaayi nadatthiya khananathil pathinalam noottaandinte madhyathil javanese shailiyilulla svarnnaabharanangalude oru shekharam kandethi. jalasambharani moodukayum praveshanam niyanthrikkukayum cheiyunnu.
vaan cleaf aquarium.
1955ll king jorjju vii jubili paarkk ennariyappedunna fort canning kunnin adivaarathaanu vaan cleaf aquarium aadyamaayi nirmmichathu. thekkukizhakkan eshyayile itharathilulla aadya aquarium, athu aarambhich moonnu maasathinullil 150,000 sandarshakare aakarshikkukayum 1970-kalode prathivarsham 400,000 sandarshakare aakarshikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, puthiya aakarshanangalil ninnulla malsaram kaaranam 1980-kalil sandarshakarude ennam kurayunnathilekku nayicha ithu 1991 meyy 31 nuu adachu. saittil pravartthanam puthukkippaniyanulla niravadhi sramangal nadathiyenkilum ellaam parajayappettu. oduvil 1996ll athu adachupoottukayum 1998ll kettidam polichumaattukayum cheythu.
deseeya naadakam.
peeples thiyettar ennariyappettirunna deseeya thiyettar pinneedu kunninte padinjaaran charivile vaan cleaf akveriyathinum clemenzo avanyoo rodinaduthum nirmikkappettu. 1963 august 8 nuu audyogikamaayi thuranna thiyettar, oru kaalath vividha anthaaraashtra prakadanangal, sarvakalaashaalakalude birudadana chadangukal, deseeya dhina raalikal ennivayude vediyaayirunnu, clemenzo avanyooviloode central express veyude aduthulla nirmmaana bhaagathinu vazhiyorukkunnathinaayi 1986 augustil ithu polichumaatti.
fort canning paarkk.
munbu britiish sayudha seena upayogichirunna bhoomi king jorjju vii jubili parkkumaayi samyojippichathode 1972 ll eee pradesham central paarkk ennariyappettu. 1981 november 1 nuu liie kuwan yuu eee desheeyodyaanathe fort canning paarkk ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum charitraparamaaya oru desheeyodyaanamaakki maattukayum cheythu.
singappoorile poura, saamskaarika jillayude hridayabhaagathu sthithi cheiyunna eee paarkk ippol vaividhyamaarnna vinoda pravartthanangalum charitraparavum vidyaabhyaasaparavum vinodaparavum saamskaarikavumaaya anubhavangalum vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, koodaathe saamoohika paripaadikalude sthalamaayum ithu upayogikkunnu. singappoorile nagarkendra pradeshathe oru pradhana harita shwaasakoshamaayum eee desheeyodyaanam pravartthikkunnu. charitraparamaaya avashishtangal, samriddhamaaya pachappu, vipulamaaya pultthakidikal ennivayude athulyamaaya samyojanam kottaye saamskaarikavum kalaparavumaaya pravartthanangalude kendramaakki maatti. srt, art festivalukal, staarlaitt sinimas, baale under dhii staars thudangiya niravadhi outtdoor evantukalum thiyettar kaarnivalukalum samghadippikkunnathinulla oru sthalamaanithu. singappoorile ettavum valia sangeetha utsavamaaya wumad 1998 muthal 2007 vareyulla paarkkinte kalandar paripaadikalude oru pathiv savisheshathayaayirunnu. kottayude canning thurankam nerittu kunninu thaazheyaan kadannupokunnathu.
singapur sthaapithamaayi 200 varsham thikanjathinte smaranaykkaayi 2019ll nadakkunna dvishathaabdi pradarshanatthinte vediyaayi fort canning paarkk nischayichittundu. pradeshatthinte paithrikam punasthaapikkunnathinu moonnu charitraparamaaya poonthottangal punarnirmmikkum. avayaanu royal garden, aadyathe botanical garden, jubili paarkk. kottayude canning sentaril oru puthiya paithruka museum, oru purathana neeruravayude punarnirmmaanam, praveshanakshamathayile mechappeduthalukal enniva paarkkinte mattu mechappeduthalukalil ulppedunnu.
prakrithi prameyamulla kalisthalavum kunninte rooparekha pinthudarunna slideukalumulla ettavum "kuttikalkk anuyojyamaaya" paarkkaan jubili paarkk. 2019 joonilaanu jubili paarkk udghaadanam cheythath.
hailaittukal.
parkkil kaanavunna chila thaalpparyamulla sthalangal

