
swavarggalaingikathayude charithram

swavarga bandhangalodulla saamoohika manobhaavam kaalakramena vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. purusha swavarggalaingikathayodulla manobhaavam purushanmaar swavargga bandhangalil earppedanamennu aavashyappedunnathil ninnu sveekaaryathayiloode, anoupachaarika samyojanam, eee sanbradaayathe oru cheria paapamaayi kaanunnath, niyama nirvvahanathiloodeyum judicial samvidaanangaliloodeyum adichamarthal, vadhashikshaykk keezhil nirodhikkal ennivayil vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. koodaathe, purushanmarumaayi laingika bandhatthil earppedunna purushanmaarodulla eathenkilum nishedhaathmaka manobhaavam abrahamic mathangalil saadhaaranamaayirunnathupole ellah pankaalikalkkum vyaapichittundo, atho purathana greasileyum purathana romileyum saadhaaranamaayirunnathupole nishkriya (thulachukayariya) pankaalikalkk maathramaano enna kaaryatthil vyathyaasamund. charitraparamaayi sthree swavarggalaingikathaykku kuranja amgeekaaravum vyakthamaaya sweekaaryathayum ethirppum nalkiyittundu. laingika aabhimukhyam, laingika swathuam ennee nilakalil swavarggalaingikatha enna vyapakamaaya ashayam thaarathamyena sameepakaala vikasanamaan, eee vaakk thanne pathonpathaam noottaandil srishtikkappettu.
socreties, loard bairon, edward randaaman, hadrian ennivarulppede niravadhi purusha charitra vyakthithvangalkku "geey" allengil "baisekchwal" polulla padangal baadhakamaayittundu; mishel phoukkoyeppolulla chila pandithanmaar ithu avarude kaalathinu anyamaaya laingikathayude samakaalika saamoohika nirmmaanatthinte kaalaharanapetta aamukhathe apakadathilaakkunnathaayi kanakkakkunnu, ennirunnaalum mattullavar ithine velluvilikkunnu. puraathanakaalattho madhyakaalakhattatthilo aarum swavarggalaingikathaye oru prathyeka, sthiramaaya allengil nirvachikkunna laingikathayaayi anubhavichittilla ennathaanu nirmmaanavaada vaadathinte oru pothu nool. swavarggalaingikatha prakadippikkunna vyakthikale vivarikkunna plaattoyude purathana greak rachanakal udharichukondu joonn bosewell eee vaadathe ethirthu.
naravamshashaasthrathile avalokanam.
1976 leeii oru padanatthil, gwen browdum saaraa green saadhaarana cross-kalcharal saambilil labhyamaya ethnographic padanangalil swavarggalaingikathayodulla manobhaavavum aavruthiyum thaarathamyam cheythu. 42 samudaayangalil 9-ll swavarggalaingikatha amgeekarikkappedukayo avaganikkappedukayo cheythuvennu avar kandethi; 5 samudaayangalkku swavarggalaingikathayekkura oru ashayavumilla; 11 athu abhikaamyamallenn kanakkaakkiyenkilum shikshakal nalkiyilla, 17 ennam shakthamayi amgeekarikkaathirikkukayum shikshikkukayum cheythu. 70 samudaayangalil, swavarggalaingikatha 41 ll kaanappedukayo apoorvamaayi kaanappedukayo cheythathayi report cheyyappettu, 29 ll ithu nilavilundu allengil asaadhaaranamalla.
america.
kolanivalkkaranathinu munbulla thaddesheeya samoohangal.
europian kolanivalkkaranathinu munbu amerikkayile thaddesheeyarkkidayil, niravadhi rajyangal avarude communitykalile swavarggaanuraagikal, ubhayalingikal, lingabhedam illaatha vyakthikal ennivarkkulla achaaraparavum saamoohikavumaaya pankukale bahumaanichirunnu; samakaalika thaddesheeya american, phastt nations kammyoonittikalil eee rolukal ippozhum nilanilkkunnu. oro thaddesheeya samskaarathinum eee vyakthikalkk avarudethaaya perukalundenkilum, 1990 ll sweekaricha oru aadhunika, paan-indian padam "dvi-aathmaav" aanu. eee puthiya padam saarvathrikamaayi amgeekarikkappettilla, eee "arban neologisathinu" keezhil aalukale grooppucheyyunnathinekku ithinakam thanne avarudethaaya nibandhanakalulla parambaraagatha samoohangalum "paashchaathya" bainari prathyaaghaathangal ennu avar vilikkunnathu nirasikkunnavar, athaayath eee vyakthikal "purushan sthriyum" aanennu nattukaar vishwasikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, athu maattisthaapicha naravamshashaasthra padatthekkaal kooduthal sveekaaryatha ithinu pothuve labhichu.
laattin amerikkayile mattu vijayathin munbulla samskaarangalaaya aastekkukal, mayans, kwechuwas, moshes, saapodekkukal, brazeelile tupinamba ennivayil swavarggaanuraagikalum lingabhedangalum saadhaaranamaayirunnu.
thaddesheeyarkkidayil parasyamaayi nadakkunna swavarggalaingikathaye spanish jethaakkal bhayappedukayum avarude bharanathinu keezhilulla "berdaachukale" (spanish avare vilikkunnathupole) parasyamaayi vadikkuka, kathikkuka, naaykkal keeruka ennivayulppede kadinamaaya shikshakalkk vidheyaraakki athine takarkkaan sramikkukayum cheythu.
kizhakkan eshya.
kizhakkan eshyayil, swavarga pranayathe rekhappeduthappetta aadyakaala charithram muthal paraamarsikkunnu.
chaina.
purathana chainayil swavarggalaingikatha vyaapakamaayi rekhappeduthappettirukku, samayavum sthalavum saamoohika varggavum anusarichu athinulla manobhaavangal vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. chainees saahithyathil manushyan swavarggaanuraagabandhangal earppettirikkunnathinta onniladhikam kathakal rekhappeduthiyittundu. vasanthakaalathum sharathkaalathum nadanna "bakkiyulla peechu" (<unk>) enna kathayil, charitrakaaranaaya hahn phey mii sixia (<unk>), duke ling oof veyu (<unk>) ennivayude bandhatthil oru katha rekhappeduthiyittundu, athil missi siya thante kaamukanumaayi oru ruchikaramaaya peechu pankittu. katt sleevinte katha (<unk>) hahn chakravarty thante kaamukanaaya donxian (<unk>) oru kidakka pankidunnathaayi rekhappeduthunnu; chakravarty aii pinneedu unarnnappol, athinte mukalil urangiya donksiyane unarthathirikkaan addeham shradhaapoorvvam thante sleeve murichumaatti. hahn raajavamshathile pala chakravartthimaarkkum onno athiladhikamo purusha laingika pankaalikal undaayirunnuvennu pandithanaaya paan gwangdan (<unk>) nigamanatthiletthi. ennirunnaalum, aii chakravarty polulla asaadhaaranamaaya kesukalil ozhike, audyogika charitrangalil avarude swavarganuraga bandhangalude peril perittirikkunna purushanmarkkum sajeevamaaya bhinnalinga jeevithamundayirunnathaayi thonnunnu.
tang raajavamshathinte uyarchayode, padinjaaran, madhyeshyayil ninnulla videshikalude laingika reethikalaal chaina kooduthal swaadheenikkappettu, adhikaarathinteyum kudumba nilavaarathinteyum kaaryatthil sthree koottaalikal purusha koottaalikale maattisthaapikkaan thudangi. chakravartthimaarude purusha koottalikalekkurichulla oru adhyayam audyogika rekhakalil ulppeduthiya avasaanathe raajavamshamaayirunnu thaazhepparayunna gaana rajavamsham. eee rajavamshangalil swavarggalaingikathayodulla pothuvaaya manobhaavam appozhum sahishnuthayullathaayirunnu, ennaal bhaaryamaarumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol purushasnehikale niyamaanusrithamallaathavaraayi kaanaan thudangi, purushanmaar saadhaaranayaayi vivaham kazhikkukayum kudumbakramam thudarukayum cheiyumennu prathekshikkunnu.
ming raajavamshathinte kaalath, shengde chakravarty sayyid hussain enna musleem neethaavumaayi swavarggaanuraagabandham pularthiyirunnathaayi parayappedunnu. pilkkala ming raajavamshathil, swavarggalaingikathaye "thekkan aacharam" ennu vilikkaan thudangi, kaaranam fujian purusha vivaahangalude savisheshamaaya oru samvidaanathinte sthalamaayirunnu, pandita-bureaucrat shhein defuvum ezhuthukaaranaaya lii yooyum saakshyappeduthukayum naadodi kathayil liverat spiritt enna puraanam saakshyappeduthukayum cheythu.
chainayil swamedhayaa swavarggaanuraagam nadathunnathinethire kwing rajavamsham aadyathe niyamam earppeduthi. ennirunnaalum, oru maasam thadavum 100 kanatha praharangalum ulppedunna shiksha yadhaarthathil kwing niyamavyavasthayil nilaninnirunna ettavum bharam kuranja shikshayaayirunnu. paashchaathya shaasthrathinum thathwachinthaykkum oppam swavarggaanuraagavum chainayilekku irakkumathi cheythappol swavarggalaingikatha chainayil svayam shakthippeduthunna prasthaanatthiloode illaathaakkaan thudangi.
jappan.
jappaanile swavarggalaingikatha, "shoodo" allengil "nanshoku" ennariyappedunnu, aayirathiladikam varshangalayi rekhappeduthappettundu, koodaathe buddha sanyasi jeevithavumaayum samuraay paarambaryavumaayum chila bandhangalund. eee swavarga pranaya samskaaram atharam bandhangal rekhappeduthukayum aaghoshikkukayum cheiyunna chithrakalayudeyum saahithyathinteyum sakthamaaya paarambaryatthinu kaaranamaayi. 
sayam.
athupole, thaaylandil, "kathoy" allengil "ladyboy" niravadhi noottaandukalaayi thaay samoohathinte oru savisheshathayaanu, koodaathe thaay raajaakkanmaarkk purushanmaarum sthreekalum undaayirunnu. kathoy" lalithamaaya sthreethvamo transvestisamo ulkkollumbol, ithu saadhaaranayaayi thaay samskaarathil oru moonnaam lingamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. avaa pothuve samooham amgeekarikkunnu. 
europe.
purathanakaalam.
swavarga bandhangalekkurichulla aadyakaala paashchaathya rekhakal (saahithyakruthikal, kalaasrishtikal, puraana saamagrikal ennivayude roopathil) purathana greasil ninnaan uruthirinjathu.
aupachaarikamaaya oru aacharam, oru swathanthranaaya jananam thammilulla laingikavum ennaal palappozhum niyantrithavumaaya bandham (athaayath.iii. adimayo swathanthrano allatha) praayapoorthiyaaya purushan swathanthramaayi janicha kaumaarakkaaranum, saamoohika vaikalyathin kaaranamaakunnuvenn idaykkide kuttappeduthiyittundum, athinte adhyapanaparamaaya nettangalkkum janasamkhyaa niyanthranathinulla oru maarggamaayum vilamathikkapettu. plaatto thante aadyakaala rachanakalil athinte nettangale prashamsichuvenkilum thante avasaanathe kruthikalil athinte nirodhanam nirddeshichu. symposium" (182bii-dii) ll, swavarggalaingikathaye janaadhipathyavumaayi sweekarikkunnathineyum athine adichamarthunnathineyum svechaadhipathyavumaayi samaantharappeduthikkonu, swavarggalaingikatha "avarude svechaadhipathya sarkkarukal kaaranam kaattaanarthikalkku lajjakaramaanu, thathwashaasthravum athlatiksum pole, atharam bharanaadhikaarikalude vishayangalil valia ashayangal srishtikkukayo sakthamaaya souhrudangalo shaareerika unionukaloo undaakkukayo cheiyunnathu avarude thaalpparyangalkk chernnathalla, ivayellaam sneham srishtikkaan prathyekichum anuyojyamaanu".
aristottil thante "raashtreeyathil" swavarggalaingikatha nirthalaakkunnathinekkurruku plaattoyude ashayangal thallikkalanju (2.4); selttukaleppolulla kaattumrigangal athinu oru prathyeka bahumanam nalkiyirunnuvennum (2.6.6) krettanmaar janasamkhyaye niyantrikkaan ithu upayogichirunnuvennum addeham vishadeekarikkunnu (2.7.5).
purathana kaalath sthree swavarggalaingikathayekkura valarekkurache ariyoo. lesbose dveepil janicha safoe pilkkala classical greak janatha onpathu gaanarachayithaavinte canonical pattikayil ulppeduthi. avalude peril ninnum jananasthalathu ninnum uruthirinja ("saaphik", "lesbian") naamaviseshakal pathonpathaam noottaandil sthree swavarggalaingikathaykku baadhakamaayi. vividha vyakthikalodum rund lingangalodum ulla abhiniveshatheyum snehatheyum kendreekarichaanu saafoyude kavithakal. avalude pala kavithakaludeyum vivaranakarthaakkal vividha sthreekalodulla mohatheyum snehatheyum (chilappol aavashyappedunnu, chilappol illa) kurichu samsaarikkunnu, ennaal sthreekal thammilulla shaareerika pravarthanangalekkurichu vivaranagal kuravaanu, charchakalkku vidheyamaan. avar penkuttikalkkayi oru akkadami nadathiyathinu thelivukalonnumilla. 
purathana romil, yuva purusha shareeram purusha laingika shradhayude kendramaayi thudarnnu, ennaal prayamaaya swatantra purushanmaarum adimakalum allengil laingikathayil sveekaaryamaaya punk vahikkunna swathanthraraaya yuvaakkalum thammilulla bandhangalaayirunnu. hellinophyl chakravarthiyaaya hadrian aantinasumaayulla bandhathinu perukettayaalaan. ennirunnaalum, kristhumathathilekkulla parivarthanatthinu sesham, eiii 390 aayappozhekkum.dii.theodosius onnaaman chakravarty swavarggalaingikathaye nishkriya pankaaliyude niyamaparamaaya shikshaanadapadiyaakki "oru purushante shareerathe apalapikkunna lajjakaramaaya achaaramulla ellah vyakthikalum, anyagraha laingikathayude kashtappaadukalkk oru sthreeyude bhagam pravartthikkukayum (avar sthreekalil ninnu vyathyastharallenn thonnunnathinaal), janangalude kaazhchayil theepiduthatthinu prathikaram cheiyunnathile itharathilulla kuttakrithyam ozhivaakkum."558-ll, thante bharanathinte avasaanathode, justinian eee nirodhanam sajeeva pankaalikkum vyapippichu, atharam perumaattam daivathinte krodhatthiloode nagarangalude naashatthilekku nayikkumennu munnariyipp nalki. eee niyanthranangal undaayirunnittum, swavarggaanuraagathinu labhyamaya aankuttikalude veshyaalayangalude nikuthi 518-ll anaestasius onnaamante bharanakalam avasanikkunnathuvare thudarnnu.
madhyakaalakhattam.
europile madhyakaalakhattathil swavarggalaingikathaye pothuve apalapikkukayum swavarggalaingikathayudeyum gomora kathayude daarmmikathayaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. eee samayat eathenkilum pramukha swavarggaanuraagikalum ubhayalingakkaarum undaayirunno ennu charitrakaaranmaar vaadikkunnu, ennaal edward randaaman, richard dhii lionhart, philipp randaaman augustus, vilyam rufus thudangiya vyakthikal swavarga bandhangalil earppettirunnuvennu vaadikkappedunnu.
madhyakaalakhattathilum, kizhakkan meditareniyanil adelphopoisis ("sahodaranirmmaanam") allengil fraansil "affrierment" ("enbratherment") ennu vilikkunna niyamaparamaaya krameekaranangal undaayirunnu, athu rund pere thaamasasthalangal pankidaanum avarude vibhavangal shekharikkaanum anuvadichu, "oru appam, oru veenju, oru pezhs" enniva pankittu."joonn bosewell, allen eiii thudangiya charitrakaaranmaar. eee krameekaranangal swavarga vivaahathinte aadyakaala roopamaanennu thulchin vaadichu. eee krameekaranangalude eee vyaakhyaanam vivaadamaayi thudarunnu.
navothaanam.
navothaanakaalathu, vadakkan italiyile sambanna nagarangal-prathyekichu florence, venis-swavarggasnehathinte vyapakamaaya parisheelanathinu perukettathum purusha janasamkhyayude ganyamaaya bhagam earppettirikkunnathum greasinteyum romudeyum classical paatteninoppam nirmmichathum aayirunnu. ennaal purusha janasamkhyayil palarum swavarga bandhangalil earppettirikkumbolpol, raathriyile udyogastharude aabhimukhyathil adhikaarikal aaa janasamkhyayude oru nalla bhaagathe vichaarana cheyyukayum pizha chumathukayum thadavilaakkukayum cheythu. navothaanatthe nirvachicha pramukha kalakaaranmaaril michelanchalo, leonardo daa vinsi ennivarkku purushanmarumaayi bandhamundayirunnathaayi vishwasikkappedunnu. aapekshika kalaparavum laingikavumaaya swaathanthryathinte eee kaalaghattatthinte thakarchaykku kaaranamaayath daarmmikathayulla sanyasi girolamo savonarolayude adhikaarathilekkulla uyarchayaan.
englandil, jiophari chosarinte "maapparmaarude katha" oru ghattathil "oru jelding allengil oru kuthira" ennum visheshippikkappedunna oru nigoodavum vanjanaaparavumaaya kathaapaathrathe kendreekarichullathaanu, ithu mapper oru shundon ("jelding") allengil swavarggaanuraagiyaanenna aakhyaathaavu karuthiyirunnuvennu soochippikkunnu.
aadunikatha.
aadyakaala aadunikatha.
jaims onnaaman rajaavum buckingham rajakumaran polulla saamoohika pramukha vyakthikalude bandhangal eee prashnam uyarthikkaattunnathin sahayichu, anjjaathamaayi ezhuthiya theruvu laghulekhakal ulppede "lokam maarukayaan, enikkariyilla, purushanmaar ippol sthreekale chumbikkunnilla, purushanmaare chumbikkunnu;..jeey. aadyathethum buckingham avan, athu sariyaanu, avante bharyamaar aalinganam cheiyunnu, avante priyappetta ganimedine adikkaan oodippoyi " 
oru antharicha prabhuvum prashasthanaaya shree. 1723ll englandil prasidheekaricha vilson oru novalaayi chila aadhunika pandithanmaar anumaanichu.
joonn klelaandinte janapriya novalaaya "phaani hill" 1749-leeii pathippil oru swavarganuraga rangam ulppedunnundengilum 1750-leeii pathippil ithu neekkam cheythu. 1749-ll, engleeshile swavarggalaingikathayekkurathu aadyakaala vipulavum gauravameriyathumaaya prathirodham, thomas peeranki ezhuthiya "puraathanavum aadhunikavumaaya pederasti" prasidheekarikkukayum udaaharanamaayi nalkukayum cheythu, pakshe athu udan thanne adichamarthappettu. athil eee vaachakam ulppedunnu "aswaabhaavikamaaya aagraham oru vairudhyamaanu; thikachum asambandhamaanu. manushyante ettavum ullile bhaagangalude oru amettari preranayaanu aagraham."1785-ll jeremi bentham mattoru prathirodham ezhuthi, pakshe ithu 1978 vare prasidheekarikkappettilla. swavarggalaingikathaykkulla vadhasiksha 1803 vare netherlandilum 1835 vare englandilum thudarnnu.
aadhunikathayude avasanakaalam.
1864num 1880num idayil kaal heinrich alrichs panthrand laghulekhakalude oru parambara prasidheekarichu, athinu addeham koottaayi "manushya-purusha snehathinte pazhanchollinekkurichulla gaveshanam" ennu perittu."1867-ll myoonikkile jarmman niyamanjarude kongrasil swavarggalaingika virudha niyamangal raddaakkanamennu aavasyappettukondu oru prameyathinaayi abhyarthichappol swavarggalaingikathaye prathirodhikkunna parasyamaayi samsaarikkunna aadyathe swavarggaanuraagiyaayi addeham maari. "1896-ll prasidheekaricha havelock ellisinte "laingika vipareeta" swavarggalaingikatha asaadhaaranamaanennum athupole thanne steeriyodaippukal aanennumulla sidhaanthangale velluvilikkukayum swavarggalaingikathayude sarvavyaapithvathinum boudhikavum kalaparavumaaya nettangalumaayulla bandhatthinum oonnal nalkukayum cheythu. ithupolulla medical grandhangal (laingika vishadaamshangal avyakthamakkunnathinaayi laattin bhashayil bhaagikamaayi ezhuthiyathu) pothujanangal vyaapakamaayi vaayichirunnillenkilum, avaa magnus hirshfeldinte shaasthreeya maanushika samithiyude uyarchaykku kaaranamaayi, 1897 muthal 1933 vare germmaniyile sodomi virudha niyamangalkkethire pracharanam nadatthi, athupole edward maarpentar, joonn aadingtan symmontukal thudangiya vyakthikalude neethrthwathilulla britiish budhijeevikalkkum ezhuthukaarkkum idayil kooduthal anoupachaarikavum parasyappeduthaathathumaaya prasthaanam. samavarthithvasneham" enna peril, soshyalist aaktivisttum kaviyumaaya edward marappanikkaaran, swavarggalaingikathaykku anukoolamaaya lekhanangalum laghulekhakalum ezhuthi, 1916-ll "mye days aandu dreams" enna thante pusthakatthil "puratthirangi". 1900-ll, elisar voonn kupfar purathana kaalam muthal swantham kaalam vareyulla swavarganuraga saahithyathinte oru samahaaram "libelingminne undu frontesleeb inn derr veltlitteraachur" prasidheekarichu. swavarggalaingikathaye oru medical allengil biological prashnamaayi maathram kaanunnathinappuram, dhaarmikavum saamskaarikavumaaya onnaayi kaanunnathinappuram pothu kaazhchappaad vishaalamaakkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte lakshyam. sigmund froid, mattullavarkoppam, pradhaanamaayum vyathyasthamo swavarga laingikathayo allah maanadandamennu vaadichu, pakaram "bisexuality" ennu vilikkunnathu samooham paraajayappedutthunna saadhaarana manushya avasthayaanennu vaadichu.
eee sambhavavikaasangalkk yaadrishchikavum manappoorvvavumaaya niravadhi thirichadikal neridendi vannu. udaaharanathinu, 1895-ll, prashastha naadakakrithaaya ooskaar wilde yunaittad kingdatthil "kadutha asabyatha" kku sikshikkappettu, vichaaranayile avyakthamaaya vishadaamshangal (prathyekichu yuva laingikathozhilaalikal ulppedunnava) purushanmaar thammilulla bandhatthinte ellah vashangalum kooduthal sookshmaparishodhanaykku kaaranamaayi. holocoastil moonnaamathe reach prathyekamaayi ell. jii. bii. tii aalukale lakshyamittapozhaanu ettavum vinashakaramaaya thirichadi undaayath. 
middle eest.
1800kalude madhyathil europilekkulla arab sanjaarikalude orupidi akkoundukal undu. eee yaathrakkaaril randuperaaya rifa alle-tehtavi mohammed alle-safar, thangalude saamoohika maanadandangalum daarmikathayum nilanirthunnathinaayi oru cheruppakkaaranekkurichu pranayakavithakal franchukaar chilappol manahpoorvvam thettayi vivarthanam cheythathil athbhutham prakadippikkunnu.
aadhunika middle eestten rajyangalil, swavarga laingikabandham soudi arebia, iraan ennivayulppede niravadhi rajyangalil audyogikamaayi vadhashikshayaan.
innu, middle eesttile sarkkarukal palappozhum swavarggalaingikathayude nilanilpp avaganikkukayo nishedhikkukayo kuttakaramaakkukayo cheiyunnu. iranian president mahmoud ahmedinejad, 2007 ll columbia sarvakalashaalayil nadatthiya prasamgatthil, iraanil swavarggaanuraagikalillenna urappichu paranju. swavarggaanuraagikal iraanil thaamasichekkaam, ennirunnaalum sarkkar niyamanirmmanangalum parambaraagatha maanadandangalum dhanasahayam nalkukayum prolsaahippikkukayum cheiyunna avarude laingikatha samoohathil ninnu maraykkaan avar nirbandhitharaakunnu.
mesopotamia.
chila purathana mathaparamaya assyrian grandhangalil swavarganuraga bandhangalil daivika anugrahangalkkayulla praarthanakal adangiyirikkunnu. bii. sii. moonnaam sahasraabdam muthal athinusheshamulla oru mathaparamaya aachaarathinte bhaagamaayi aacharichirunna guda sambhogathinte swathanthramaaya chitra kala. rajakeeya paricharakarumaayulla swavarggaanuraagabandhangal, sainikar thammilulla swavarggaanuraagabandhangal, oru saamoohika mecham keezhppettatho nuzhanjukayariyatho aayava balaalsangamaayi kanakkaakkappedukayo ashubhasoochanakalaayi kaanappedukayo cheyyukayum shikshakal prayogikkukayum cheythu.
dakshineshya.
hindu niyamatthinte adisthaana kruthiyaaya "manuu niyamangal" oru "moonnaam lingathe" paraamarsikkunnu, athil amgangal paarambaryethara linga aavishkaarathilum swavarggalaingika pravarthanangalilum earppettekkaam. naalam noottaandil ezhuthiya kaamasoothram swavarggaanuraagikal felasio nadathunna saankethikavidyakale vivarikkunnu. koodaathe, atharam swavarggaanuraagikalaaya purushanmaar vivaham kazhikkunnathaayum ariyappettirunnu, kaamasoothram anusaricha "chilappol parasparam valareyadhikam aduppamullavarum parasparam poornna vishwaasamullavarumaaya moonnaam linga pouranmaarum orumichu vivaham kazhikkunnu."(ks 2.9.36).
thekkan pasaphik.
melanesiayile pala samoohangalilum, prathyekichu pappuva nyoo giniyayil, swavarga bandhangal kazhinja noottaandinte pakuthi vare samskaarathinte avibhaajya gadakamaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, ettoroyum marrind-animum bhinnalingathaye paapamaayi kaanukayum pakaram swavarggalaingikatha aaghoshikkukayum cheythu. pala parambaraagatha melanesian samskaarangalilum praayapoorthiyaakaatha aankutty oru muthirnna kaumaarakkaaranumaayi jodiyaakkukayum avante upadeshtaavaakukayum cheruppakkaaranum praayapoorthiyaakunnathini niravadhi varshangalil avane (gothrathe aashrayich, vaamozhiyilo, vaayilo, allengil vishayamaayo) "beejasankalanam" cheyyukayum cheyyum. ennirunnaalum, europian missionarymar kristhumatham avatharippichathinushesham pala melanasian samoohangalum swavarga bandhangalodu sathrutha pularthunnundu.
aphrica.
eejipt.
purathana eejipthile swavarggalaingikatha egyptolajiyil aaveshathode tharkkikkunna vishayamaan purathana eejipshyan samooham swavarggalaingikathayekkura eathu tharatthilulla kazhchappaadaanu valarthiyathennu charitrakaaranmaarum egyptologistukalum orupole charcha cheiyunnu. oru pidi nerittulla soochanakal maathrame innuvare nilanilkkunnulloo, saadhyamaaya niravadhi soochanakal avyakthavum oohaapohangalkku dhaaraalam idam nalkunnathumaanu.
purathana eejiptil swavarggalaingikathayude ettavum ariyappedunna cases rund unnatha udyogastharaaya nyank-khnum, khnum-hotep ennivarudethaanu. anchaamathe raajavamshathil (sii. 2494-2345 bc). nyank-khnum, khnum-hotep ennivaykku kuttikalullathum bhaaryamaarullathumaaya oro kudumbangalundaayirunnu, ennaal avar marichappol avarude kudumbangal avare ore mastaba shavakudeerathil orumichu samskarikkaan theerumaanichu. eee mastabayil, rund purushanmaarum parasparam aalinganam cheyyukayum mookkil mookkil sparsikkukayum cheiyunna niravadhi paintingukal chithreekarichirikkunnu. eee chithreekaranangal oohaapohangalkku dhaaraalam idam nalkunnu, kaaranam purathana eejiptil mookkil mookk sparshikkunnath saadhaaranayaayi oru chumbanathe prathinidheekarikkunnu.
niyank-khnum, khnum-hotep ennivayude paintingukale engane vyaakhyaanikkaamennathinu egyptologistukalum charitrakaaranmaarum viyojikkunnu. rund vivahita purushanmaar thammilulla swavarggalaingikathayude udaaharanamaanu eee paintingukal prathifalippikkunnathennum purathana eejipthukar swavarga bandhangal amgeekarichuvennum chila pandithanmaar vishwasikkunnu. mattu pandithanmaar viyojikkukayum, niyank-khnum, khnum-hotep enniva erattakalaayirunnuvennathin thelivaayi ramgangale vyaakhyaanikkukayum cheiyunnu, orupakshe samyojitha erattakalaayirikkaam. eathu vyaakhyaanam sariyaayaalum, maranathilennapole jeevithathil niyank-khnum, khnum-hotep parasparam valare aduthaayirunnuvennu paintingukal kaanikkunnu.
swavarggalaingikathayekkura purathana eejipthukar enthaanu sariyaaya veekshanam valarthiyeduthathennu vyakthamalla. yadhaarthathil laingikathaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla kathakal adangiyirikkunna eathenkilum rekhayum saahityavum orikkalum laingika pravrithikalude swabhaavathe perunalkunnilla, pakaram stilttad, flovery paaraafresukal upayogikkunnu. sethin addehathinte laingika perumaattattheyum kurichulla kathakal prathikoola chinthakalum kaazhchappaadukalum velippeduthiyekkaame, nyank-khnum, khnum-hotep ennivayude shavakudeera likhithangal swavarggalaingikathayum samaanamaayi amgeekarikkappettathaayi soochippikkaam. swavarga bandhangal nindyamo nindyamo aayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu purathana eejipshyan rekhakal orikkalum vyakthamaayi parayunnilla. swavarggaanuraagangalkku shiksha nalkiyittundennu oru purathana eejipshyan rekhayum paraamarsikkunnilla. athinaal, oru nerittulla vilayiruthal prashnamaayi thudarunnu.
ugaanda.
pathonpathaam noottaandil mwanga randaaman (1868-1903) buganda kabaka thante purusha pejumaayi pathivayi laingika bandhatthil earppettirunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinu sheshamulla kaalam.
paashchaathyalokam.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, paashchaathya samoohangalile swavarggalaingikathayude charithram valare samanamaayathum palappozhum parasparam bandhappettathumaya paathakaliloode purogamichu.
1948ll american jeevashaasthranjanaaya alfred kinsey "manushya purushanil laingika swabhaavam" prasidheekarichu, ithu kinsey reportukal ennariyappedunnu. 1957-ll, raajyathe sodomi virudha niyamangal avalokanam cheyyaan yuke sarkkar wolfenden report kammeeshan cheythu; anthima report sammathathode swavarggaanuraagam kuttakaramallenn nirddeshichu, ennirunnaalum niyamangal yadhaarthathil mattoru patthu varshathekku mattiyittilla.
swavarggalaingikatha varshangalolam oru maanasika vaikalyamayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, ennirunnaalum eee sidhaanthathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla padanangal pinneedu thettaanenn kandethi. 1973ll swavarggalaingikathaye yunaittad kingdatthil oru maanasika rogamaayi tharamthirichu. 1986ll american cycatric associationte diagnostic aandu stattistikkal maanuval oof mental disordezhsil (dii. ezz. emm) swavarggalaingikathaye oru maanasika vaikalyamayi paraamarsikkunna ellah paraamarshangalum neekkam cheythu.
ell. jii. bii. tii avakasha prasthaanangal.
laingika viplavakaalath, vyathyastha linga laingika aadarsham prathyulppaadanathil ninnu poornnamaayum verpeduthappettuvenkum athe samayam swavarga laingikathayil ninnu akannupoyi. swavarga laingikathaykku kooduthal swaathanthryathilekku nayikkunna eee vyathyastha linga laingikathayude vimochanathe palarum kandu.
newyork sitti police udyogastharum greenwich graamatthile swavarggaanuraagikalude thaavalamaaya stonvaal innile rakshaadhikaarikalum thammilulla akramasakthamaaya samghattanangalude oru parambarayaayirunnu stonvaal kalapam. 1969 juun 27 velliyaazhcha transgender sthreekal, purushanmaar, swavarggaanuraagikal, lesbianmar, theruvu raajnjikal, mattu theruvu aalukal ennivar aaa kaalaghattatthile pouraavakaasha prasthaanangalude aathmaavil poraadiya oru pathiv police reydinideyaanu kalapam aarambhichath. eee kalapam juun 28 nuu raavile avasaanichuvenkilum aazhchayude backie samayangalil ayalpakkathu cheria prakadanangal nadannu. kalaapathethudarnn swavarggaanuraagikalude vimochanamunnani (jii. ell. eph) polulla niravadhi swavarganuraga avakasha samghadanakal roopeekarichu. oru varshathinusesham kalaapathinte vaarshikathodanubandhichu aadyathe swavarggaanuraagikalude abhimaana march nadannu.
charitraparamaaya parigananakal.
1868ll kaal heinrich alrichukalkku ezhuthiya kathil, "swavarggaanuraagam", "bhinnalinga" ennee padangal kaal-maria kertbeni srishtikkukayum 1869ll rund laghulekhakalil prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. richard voonn kraaft-ibbing thante "psychopathia sexualis" (1886) ll upayogikkumbol iva saadhaarana padangalaayi maari. irupathaam noottaandil aalukal aakarshikkappedunna pradhana lingabhedam laingika swathuathe nirvachikkukayum athinaal oru lingathilekku aakarshikkappedaathavarkk oru label aavashyamaayi varikayum cheythathodeyaanu "bisexuality" enna padam kandupidichathu. laingikathayude charithram vyathyastha linga laingikathayude charithravum swavarga laingikathayude charithravum mathramalla, marichu nammude aadhunika aashayathinteyo laingikathayekkurichulla aashayangalkkreyo velichathil charitra sambhavangalekkurichulla vishalamaaya kazhchappaadaanennum ithu choondikkaanikkunnu.
neraaya", "" "bisexwal", "" "geey" allengil "" kweer "" thudangiya aadhunika laingika aidantitti padangal upayogichaanu charitraparamaaya vyakthithvangale palappozhum vivarikkunnath ". eee sanbradaayathe anukoolikkunnavar parayunnath, udaaharanathinu, swavarga laingika anubavangal prashastha vyakthikalude jeevacharitrangalil ninnu ethratholam ozhivaakkappedunnu, allengil swavarga aakarshanathil ninnulla samvedanakshamathaye pradhana kruthikalil ninnulla saahityaparavum kalaparavumaaya pariganayil ninnu ozhivaakkunnu, thudangiya vivechanaparamaaya charithralekhanam polulla prasnangal ithu uyarthikkaattumenn. athupole, aadhunika samoohathil vipareethamaaya oru sahacharyam saadhyamaan chila ell. jii. bii. tii-supportive gaveshakar mattu saadhyathakal ozhike swavarganuraga sidhaanthangalil urachunilkkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, vividha samoohangal laingika aabhimukhyam roopappeduthiya reethikalileyum "quier" polulla aadhunika padangalude ardhangalileyum vyathyaasangal kaaranam palarum, prathyekichu academic lokath, aadhunika labelukalude upayogam prashnakaramaanennu kanakkakkunnu. udaaharanathinu, pala samoohangalilum swavarga laingika pravartthanangal pratheekshikkukayo poornnamaayum avaganikkukayo cheyyappettirunnu, avayude adisthaanathil oru swathwavum nirmmikkappettirunniru. udaaharanathinu, aadhunika kaalath polum purushanmarumaayi laingika bandhatthil earppedunna ellah purushanmaarum aadhunika anubandha padangalumaayi thirichariyunnillennum mattu aadhunika nirmmitha allengil vaidyashaasthraparamaaya swathuangalkkulla (deseeyatha allengil vaikalyam polullava) padangal kaalaharanapetta sandarbhangalil verum vivaranangalayi allengil aadhunika daaranayude eluppathinaayi pathivayi upayogikkunnuvennum mattu academic vidagdhar amgeekarikkunnu; athinaal laingika aabhimukhyathinayi angane cheyyaan avarkk oru madiyumilla. academic kruthikal saadhaaranayaayi eathu vaakkukal upayogikkumennum eathu sandarbhathilaanennum vyakthamaakkunnu. mukalil soochippicha padangalude upayogathe adisthaanamaakki charitraparamaaya vyakthikalude vyakthithvathekkurichu anumanangal nadathunnathu ozhivakkaan vaayanakkaarkk munnariyipp nalkunnu.
purathana grease.
greak purushanmaarkk avarude laingika aavishkaarathil valia akshaamshamundaayirunnu, pakshe avarude bharyamaar kadinamaayi niyanthritharaayirunnu, avarkk praayamaayengil avar aarude ammayaanennum avar aarude bhaaryayaanennum aalukal chodikkaan kazhiyumennu avarkk nagaratthiloode sanjarikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnilla.
purathana greasil ninnulla swavarga pederastic bandhangalekkurichulla aadyakaala rekhakalil kaanikkunnathupole kaumaarakkaraaya aankuttikaleyum purushanmaarkk pankalikalaayi thirayam. adima aankuttikale vaangaan kazhiyumenkilum, swathanthraraaya aankuttikale pranayikkendivannu, purathana vasthukkal soochippikkunnathu pithavum eee bandhathinu sammathikkendathundenn. atharam bandhangal purushan sthriyum thammilulla vivaahathin pakaramalla, marichu vivaahathin munbum sheshavum sambhavichu. pakwathayulla oru purushanu saadhaaranayaayi oru pakwathayulla purusha inayundaakilla (alexander dhii grettu ennathil ninnu ozhivaakkalukalundenkilum); avan oru yuva "eromenos" (priyappettavan)-nte "iraasttukal" (kaamukan) aayirikkum. purushathvamillaathathinaal eromenosinu aagraham thonnunnathu anuchithamayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu dover soochippikkunnu. aagrahavum aadaravum kondu nayikkappedunna eerastukal samoohathil abhivridhi prapikkaan aavashyamaaya ellah vidyaabhyaasavum nalkikkond niswaarthamaayi svayam samarpikkum. sameepakaalath, purathana kalayudeyum pranayakavithayudeyum valia thelivukalude velichathil chodyam cheyyappedunna, muun gaveshakar amgeekarikkaan eshtappedunnathinekkaal kooduthal vaikarikamaaya bandhamaanenn doverinte sidhaantham soochippikkunnu. purathana greekkukaar beejathe arivinte uravidamaayi vishwasichirunnuvennum eee bandhangal eraasttukalil ninnu eromenosilekku njaanam kaimaran sahayichuvennum chila gaveshanangal theliyichittundu. 
purathana roome.
purathana romakkaarude "keezhadakkal maanasikavastha" roman swavarganuraga reethikale roopappeduthi. roman republicil, oru pourante rashtreeya swaathanthryam bhaagikamaayi nirvachichirikkunnathu thante shareeram shaareerika nirbandhathil ninno mattullavarude upayogathil ninno samrakshikkaanulla avakaashamaan; purusha pouran thante shareeram aanandam nalkunnathinu samarppikkunnathine adimathamaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. oru manushyan nuzhanjukayatta punk vahikkunnidatholam kaalam, thante purushathvamo saamoohika nilayo nashtappedaathe swavargabandham pularthunnathu saamoohikamaayi sveekaaryavum swaabhaavikavumaanennu karuthappedunnu. sainikar ulppedeyulla thulyapadaviyulla purusha pouranmaar thammilulla laingikabandham avahelikkappedukayum chila saahacharyangalil kadinamaayi shikshikkappedukayum cheythu. pouranmaaraaya yuvaakkalude mrithadehangal karsanamaayi paridhiyillaathavayaayirunnu, koodaathe "lexes scantinia" oru laingika kuttakrithyam cheythavarkku "(mandatharangal)" swathanthramaayi janicha praayapoorthiyaakaatha aankuttiykkethire "shikshakal earppeduthi. purusha adimakal, veshyakal, vinodasanchaarikal allengil "infameukal" (saamoohika nilavaaramillaathava) aayi kanakkaakkappedunna mattullavar prabalanaaya purusha pouranu nuzhanjukayaraan sveekaaryamaaya laingika pankaalikalaayirunnu.
"swavarggaanuraagam", "bhinnalinga" enniva roman laingikathayude vibhagangalaayirunnilla, eee ashayangal krithyamaayi vivarthanam cheiyunna vaakkukalonnum lattinil nilavililla. manahpoorvvam ooral sex nadathukayo guda laingikatha sweekarikkukayo cheytha oru purusha pourane avahelikkunnu. kodathimuriyilum rashtreeya vaachaadopathilum, sthreethvathinteyum nishkriya laingika perumaattatthinteyum aropanangal prathyekichum juuliyas seaser, maarkk aantani thudangiya "janaadhipathya" raashtreeyakkaare (janakeeyar) lakshyamittaayirunnu. roman saamrajyam kristhyan bharanathin keezhil varunnathuvare, aadhunika ardhathil "swavarggaanuraagikalaaya" purushanmarkkethire niyamaparamaaya shikshakalkk parimithamaaya thelivukal maathrameyulloo.