
ivaattan

dakshinaafrikkayile gauttengile emphulini praadeshika munisippalittiyil sebokenginu vadakkulla oru tounshippaanu evattan, ithu moonnu bhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu; evattan central, evattan vestt ("makhelele" ennariyappedunnu), evattan north. 1904ll sthaapithamaaya ithu pradeshathe mattu tounshippukaleppole 1984ll pottippurapetta akramasakthamaaya aswasthathaye baadikkukayum 1985 aayappozhekkum adiyantharaavastha prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
eee tounshippinekkurichulla vipulamaaya vivarangal patrick madhyahnan ezhuthiya "avar pallikal kathikkunnu" (jacana media) enna pusthakatthil labhyamaan.
ayal pattanangal.
sebokeng, ooranchu phaam, boipattong, sharpville, cheria faamukal, boyittumelo, polocong, golden gardens, paam springukal, thadaakam enniva ayal tounshippukalil ulppedunnu.
ivaattan puthukkal padhathi.
ivaattan samoohathinte jeevithanilavaram mechappeduthunnathinaayi ivaattan "puthukkukayo punarujjeevippikkukayo cheyyuka enna lakshyathode sarkkar nadathunna oru padhathiyaanu ivaattan puthukkal padhathi. rodukalude punarujjeevanavum nadappaathakalude nirmmanavum polulla adisthaana soukaryangalude vikasanam; thozhilavasarangal srishtikkunnathiloodeyum pullu vettal, pachakkari thottangal, cherukida krishi thudangiya cherukida, micro, idatharam samrambha padhathikal (ezz. emm. emm. iii) ennivayiloodeyum praadeshika sambadvyavasthayude vikasanam ennivayaanu eee padhathiyude munganana mekhalakal. athinusesham padhathi poornnamaayum duranthamo paraajayamo aanennu theliyikkapettu. raajyathe eee mekhalayile neethrthwam svayamsevanamaanu.

