
sandhillukal (nebrasca)

vadakku-madhya nebrascayile pullu-sthirathayulla manalkkunnukalil samsthaanathinte naalilonn bhaagavum ulkkollunna mishrita-pullu pullubhoomiyude oru pradesamaanu palappozhum manal kunnukal ennu ezhuthappedunna sandhillukal. 1984ll eee manalkkoonakale deseeya prakrithidatha naazhikakkallayi prakhyaapichu.
bhoomishaasthram.
sandhillukalude athirthikal vividha samghadanakal vyathyasthamayi nirvachikkunnu. nirvachanathe aashrayich, eee pradeshatthinte vistheernnam 19,600 mile (50,760 chathurashra kilometer) vare cherutho 23,600 mile (61,100 chathurashra kilometer) vare valutho aakam.
manalkkunnukalile manalkkoonakalkk 330 adii (100 meter) uyaram kavian kazhiyum. eee pradeshatthinte sharashari uyaram kramena kizhakk 1,800 adii (550 meter) ll ninnu padinjaaru 3,600 adii (1,100 meter) aayi vardhikkunnu.
valia ogallala jalasambharaniyude mukalilaanu sandhillukal sthithicheyyunnathu; athinaal thaalkkaalikavum sthiravumaaya aazhamillaatha thadakangal sandhillukalil nilanilkkunna pullu-sthirathayulla manalkkaadukalkkidayillu thaazhnna thaazhvarakalil saadhaaranamaanu. eee pradeshatthinte kizhakkan, madhya bhagangal lupe nadiyudeyum neobrara nadiyudeyum poshakanadikalaal ozhukunnu, athesamayam padinjaaran bhagam pradhaanamaayum cheria aantharika drainage thadangalaal nirmmithamaan.
waled wide fund phoor nechar (dablyu. dablyu. eph) eee sandhillukale valia samathalangalile mattu pulmedukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya oru paristhithi mekhalayaayi thiranjedutthu. avarude vilayiruthal anusarichu, paristhithi mekhalayude 85 sathamaanavum kedukoodaattha prakrithidatha aavaasavyavasthayaanu, ithu valia samathalangalile ettavum uyarnna nilayaanu. ithu pradhaanamaayum vila ulppaadanathinte abhavam moolamaanu mikka manalkkaadukalum orikkalum uzhuthumarichittilla.
kaalavastha.
kizhakk muthal padinjaaru vare sharashari vaarshika mazha vyathyaasappettirikkunna eee sandhillukale ardha varanda pradeshamaayi tharamthirickunnu. thaapanila thaazhnna thaapanila muthal uyarnna thaapanila vareyaanu.
kalavastha vyathiyaanavum bhaviyum.
vadakkan atlaantik mekhalayile thaapanila nilavile kaalaavasthayekkaal ekadesham 1 digri selshyas (1.8 digri fahrenheit) choodulla madhyakaalakhattatthile choodulla kaalaghattatthil nebrasca sandhillukalil sajeevamaaya manalkkunnukal undayirunnathaayi paaliyoklaimettu proxy daattayum computer simuleshanukalum velippeduthunnu. marubhoomi polulla avasthakal mattu niravadhi samsthaanangalilekku vyaapichukidakkunna eee pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagavum oru kuttichedikalulla marubhoomiyaayirunnu. nilavile aagolathaapanathethudarnnu pulmedukalile kaalavastha kooduthal asthiramaavukayum kooduthal theepiduttham, neriya varalcha, mannolipp enniva moolam marubhoomikku vazhiyorukkukayum cheyyum; baashpeekaranathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla youkkar simulationukal-15-nekkaal kuranja varalchaa soochikaye pinthunaykkunnu, ithu podi paathratthil texassinekkaal pala madangu kadinamaanu.
charithram.
sandhillukalile sasyangal nankooramitta manalkkaadukal deerghakaalamaayi avakaashappedaanaavaatha marubhoomiyaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 1870kalil kannukaalikal neenda kombulla kannukalikalkkulla ranchland enna nilayil avarude saadhyathakal kandethaan thudangi.
manal manninte durbalata eee pradeshathe vilakal krishi cheyyaan anuyojyamallathaakkunnu. 1870kalude avasaanathilum 1890-ll veendum eee pradeshathu krishikkulla sramangal nadannu.
1862leeii homsted act anuvadikkunnathinupakaram 1904leeii kinkide act homstedarmaarkku bhoomi avakashappedaan anuvadichu. 1910num 1917num idayil ekadesham ombathu dasalaksham ekkar (36,000 chathurashra kilometer) "kinkidermar" avakaashappettirunnu. chila kinkidermar bhoomi krishi cheythuvenkilum eee sramangal pothuve parajayappettu. 1930kall vare thekkukizhakkan cherry kaundiyil sthithi cheythirunna nebrascayile ettavum valia karutha kudiyettakendramaaya dwitty ithil ulppedunnu. federal rench bhoomiyil veli vaykkunnathinulla niyanthranangal kaaranam ore samayam thanne ettavum valia krishiyidangal palathum thakarnnu.
aadhunika kaalaghattatthil kendra-pradhana jalasechana samvidaanangalude upayogathiloode vilakal krishi cheiyunnathil chila vikasanangal undaayittund.
21-aamm noottaandil, 5,30,000-thiladhikam beef kannukaalikale pinthunaykkunna oru uthppaadanakshamamaaya kannukaali valarthal mekhalayaanu sandhillukal. pazhaya thalamurakal illaathaakukayum yuvathalamurakal nagarangalilekku maarukayum krishiyidangal ekeekarikkappedukayum cheiyunnathinaal eee mekhalayile manushya janasamkhya kurayunnathu thudarunnu. niravadhi cheria pattanangal eee mekhalayil avasheshikkunnu.
paristhithi.
eee sandhillukalil sasyajanthujaalangalude oru valia nirayundu. kuranja vila uthppaadanam parimithamaaya bhoomi vibhajanathilekku nayichu; athinte falamaayi sasyajanthujaalangalude vipulavum thudarchayaayathumaaya aavaasavyavastha eee pradeshathe jaivavaividhyam pradhaanamaayum samrakshichu.
myool maan, vaitt teyil maan, jackrabitukal, prongon maan, elkku, koyattukal, chuvanna kurukkan, vestten medolarkkukal (nebrasca samsthaana pakshi), prairy naaykkal, kaala paambukal, prairy raattilsnekkukal, rinked phesant, ruffed graus, badgerukal, graundu annaakkal, skankukal, thaddesheeya vavvalukal, niravadhi malsya enangal ennivayulppede 314 kasherukkal eee sandhillukalil kaanapedunnu.
ogalaala jalasambharaniyude uparithala jalapradesangalaanu sandhillukalude aayirakkanakkin kulangalum thadaakangalum. kuranja eerppavum uyarnna baashpeekarana nirakkum ulla kulangalum thadaakangalum sthiramaayi nilanirthaan mazha aparyapthamaanu. prakrithidatha jalasambharanikalum praadhamikamaayi sandhillukalude chila pradeshangalil parimithappedutthiyirikku, bhooribhaagavum vadakkan garden kaundiyilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. thadaakangalum kulangalum pradhaanamaayum manal niranjathaanu, chilathil niravadhi inam malsyangalundu. vellam saadhaaranayaayi aazhamillathathum choodullathum uppuvellamullathum malinamayathum lavanamullathum shaaramullathum allengil "druthagathiyilulla" kannukaalikal kudungikkidakkunnathu ennathinaal kannukaalikalkk vellam nalkaan upayogikkunnathu valare kuravaanu. 30 adii vyaasamulla simant-bottom steel stokku taankukal eluppathil athicheraavunna akwifar filling vazhi nalkunna kaattaadiyanthrangalum sourorjjathil pravartthikkunna submersible electric pambukalum kannukaalikalkk prathidinam thanutha shudhajalam nalkaan upayogikkunnu. eee pradeshathe chila thadakangal shaaramullathum niravadhi inam philopod chemmeenukalkku poshakamaanu.
sasyangal.
720 vyathyastha inam sasyangal eee manalkkaadukalil kaanapedunnu. mikathum thaddesheeyamaanu, 7 sathamaanam maathram exotics-mattu mikka prairy samvidaanangaludeyum pakuthi sathamaanam. exoticsil" bhooribhaagavum aakramanathmaka enangalaanu, avaa hanikaramaaya kalakalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, avaa bhoovudamakal nasippikkanam. vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna oru inamaanu bloaut penstemon ("penstemon hedeni"), ithu sandhillukalilum central vyomingile samanamaaya parithasthithikalilum maathrame kaanappedunnulloo. kaattinte mannolipp nagnamaaya manal thurannukaattukayum oru pottitheriyundaakkum cheiyunna mannine bloaut penstemon sthirappeduthunnu, ennaal mattu jeevikal veendum kolanivalkkarikkaan thudangumbol athu shwaasammuttunnu. manalkkaadukal valarthunnavar upayogikkunna mechilppuravum bhoomi kaikaaryam cheyyal reethikalum prakrithi mannolipp kuraykkukayum angane chediyude aavaasavyavasthaye nasippikkukayum cheythu.
eee sandhillukalile sasyangalil palathum hraswa-pullu, mishrita-pullu, uyaramulla pullu pultthakidiyil ninnulla manal sahishnuthayulla enangalaanu; iva moonnil ninnumulla sasyangalum aavaasavyavasthaykkullil kaanam. eee sasyangal manalkkunnukale sthirappeduthaan sahayichu, mattu sasyangalkkum mrugangalkkum prayojanakaramaaya oru aavaasavyavastha srishtikkunnu. mekhalayile krishikkaarude mechappetta bhoomi paripalanavum mechilppura reethikalum kaalakramena mannolipp kurayaan kaaranamaayi, ithu pradeshatthinte prakrithidrishyathe kooduthalum kedukoodaathe nilanirtthi.
praanikal.
dragonfly, vettukkili, kothukukal ennivayulppede niravadhi inam praanikale eee manalkkaadukalil kaanapedunnu. pala tharatthilulla chilanthikalum undu. eee pradeshathudaneelamulla kshara, shudhajala thadaakangalude choodulla nischalamaaya swabhaavam, thanneerthada chathupp pradeshangal enniva kaaranam venalkkaalath kothukukalude ennam vardhikkunnu.
pakshikal.
palatharam deshaadana pakshikalude kendra parakkal paathayude bhagamaanu sandhillukal, eee pradeshathe niravadhi jalashayangal avarkk vishramikkaan idam nalkunnu. eee pradeshathe kulangalum thadaakangalum deshaadana kreyinukalkkum (prathyekichu sandhill kreyinukal) vaathakalkkum niravadhi inam thaaravukalkkum edayaakkunna sthalangalaanu. varsham muzhuvanum kaanapedunna enangalil nebrascayile samsthaana pakshiyaya vestten medolarch ulppedunnu.
samrakshana sramangalum samrakshanavum.
vaalantainin 20 mile (32 kilometer) thekkayi sthithi cheiyunna vaalantain deseeya vanyajeevi sanketham ulkkollunnu. central panhandil kavarukalil krasant thadaakam deseeya vanyajeevi sankethamaanu. prakrithi samrakshanathinte neobrara thaazhvara cherry, braun, keeya paaha kaundikalil 60,000 ekkar (202 chathurashra kilometer) visthruthiyil samrakshithamaan, athil nadiyude oru bhagam ulppedunnu. vaalantaininu sameepamulla fort neobrara deseeya vanyajeevi sanketham 19,000 ekkar (77 chathurashra kilometer) visthruthiyullathaanu. instittyoott oof agrikalchar aandu naachural resources, vestt central research aandu ekstanshan steshan, nechar kansarvansi oof nebrasca, naachural resources kansarveshan sarvees, nebrasca naachural heritteju prograam, yooniversitti oof nebrasca, yunaittad stetts fish aandu wildlife sarvees ennivayaanu sandhillukal samrakshikkunnathinulla sramangalil pankaalittham vahikkunnath.
turner samrambhangal nebrascayil bhoomi etteduthu. pullubhoomikalude bhramana mechil polulla susthira reethikalil shradha kendreekarikkumbol kannukaalikale meyikkunnathinulla addehathinte vipulamaaya mechilppurangal kaattukuthiraykk perukettathaanu. 2021ll, padinjaaran nebrascayil thante udamasthathayilulla oru ranch puthuthayi srishticha turner instittyoott oof ikko agrikalcharinu kaimarumennu tedu turner prakhyaapichu.
transcanada keestoon exl padhathi.
keestoon pipeline project presidential permitt review prakriyayekkurichulla 2011 november 10-leeii oru pathrakkurippil yuu. ezz. transcanada keestoon exl padhathi (haardisti-baker-steel sitti) samsthaana vakupp vilayiruthum. "nebrascayile manal kunnukaliloode kadannupokunna nilavile nirddishta paathayude paaristhithika samvedanakshamathayekkurichu aashankakalude kendreekaranam kanakkileduthu, nebrascayile saadhyathayulla badal roottukalekkurich aazhathilulla vilayiruthal nadathendathundennu vakupp nirnnayichu...] manal kunnukalile savisheshathakalude savisheshamaaya samyojanathekkurichulla (prathyeka aashankayulla thanneerthadangalude uyarnna saandrata, sensitiivu aavaasavyavastha, valare aazhamillaatha bhoogarbhajalathinte vipulamaaya pradeshangal enniva ulppedunna) anthima paristhithi aaghaatha prasthaavanayile (iii. aii. ezz) vivarangalumayi eee abhipraayangal poruthappedunnu. nebrascayile manal kunnukalil nirddishta root cheluthunna swaadheenathekkurichulla aashanka kaalakramena ganyamaayi vardhikkukayum nebrasca niyamasabha eee prashnam pariganikkaan oru prathyeka sammelanam vilikkaan kaaranamavukayum cheythu."
2015 november 3nuu presidentinte anumatikkulla apeksha nirasikkapettu.