
messuration

polishinte postalveevolaar fricativinteyum africateukaludeyum (ezhuthiya) parambaraye denshyalveevolaar shreniyilekku (ezhuthiya) maattisthaapikkukayo layippikkukayo cheiyunnathaanu masurseni () allengil masureshan. eee layanam pala bhaashaabhedangalilum undengilum masovian bhaashayude perilaanu ariyappedunnathu.
eee shabdashaasthraparamaaya savisheshatha masuria, masovia (masovian bhasha) ennee bhaashaabhedangalilum athupole thanne polandile mikka bhagangalilum saileshyayude chila bhagangalilum kaanapedunnu. grettar polandil chila peripheral massurating dveepukalum undu. athirthi vadakku-kizhakk muthal thekk-padinjaaru vare ozhukunnu. 14-aamm noottaandinum 16-aamm noottaandinum idayil masovian bhashayil ithu uthbhavichathaakam.
mattu bhaashaabhedangalile "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" 
masareshan ennathinekkaal apoorvamaaya padam sakani aanu.
eee lekhanathil "noonn-massurating", "masyureshan illaathe" thudangiya padangal saadhaarana poolish pole sahodarangalkkidayil thrimukha vyathyasamulla bhaashaabhedangale soochippikkunnu. saankethikamaayi iii ulla bhaashaabhedangal.jii. jabongovani masyoorett cheiyunnilla, pakshe laalithyathinaayi ithu lekhanathil charcha cheyyilla.
vitharanam.
masyureshan oru vyapakamaaya prathibhaasamaan. masuria (muun ducal prussia) ulppedeyulla masoviayil, ukraininte athirthiyilulla thekkukizhakkan pradeshangal ozhikeyulla cheria polandile ellah pradeshangalilum, opolum kattovisum ulppedeyulla kizhakkan, vadakkan upper saileshyayilum, searads, lessica, lovics ennivaykku chuttumulla central poolish pradeshangalilum ithu kaanapedunnu. grettar polandinte chuttalavil moonnu massurating dveepukal oru savisheshathayaana veelin chuttumulla niravadhi pattanangal, rovixinum chwaliminum sameepam niravadhi-volstinninu sameepamulla orotta graamam.
padinjaaran mekhalayile noonn-mesharetting pradeshangalil grettar polandu, kuwawia, chelmo, dobrisin, thekkupadinjaaran upper saileshya, pomeralia, muun royal prussia (vormia, austrodaykkum lubavaykkum chuttumulla pradeshangal) enniva ulppedunnu. ukraine, bellarus, litwania ennee rajyangalumaayi athirthi pankidunna kizhakkan poolish bhaashaabhedangalum shudhamalla. saan, wislock nadikalkku chuttumulla cheria polandinte kizhakkan pradeshangal (resove, pressmessial ennivaykku chuttum; charitraparamaayi redu rutheniyayude bhagam), vaiprasinu (lublin land) kizhakkulla pradeshangal, podlachia, suwali mekhalayile chila pradeshangal (sejni, punsk) enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
vivaranam.
staanderd (allengil saahitya) polishinu moonnu cemetrical seerees sibilantukal undu-frikketteevukal, pallukaliloode airstream nayikkunnathiloode vyakthamaakkunna africateukal. iva densialviolar, alviolo-paalattal, postalviyolaar (saadhaaranayaayi paashchaathya pandithanmaar retroflex ennu vilikkunnu, pakshe avaa sabapical allah). iva chuvadeyulla pattikayil avatharippikkunnu.
densialviolar, postalviyolaar seereesukal kadinamaayi (paletalise cheyyaatha) kanakkaakkappedunnu, avaa pinthudaraan kazhiyum, orikkalum (valare puthiya vaaypakal ozhike). neremarichu, alviolo-paalattal seerees mriduvaayi (paalattal allengil paletalised) kanakkaakkappedunnu, athu pinthudaraan kazhiyum, pakshe orikkalum. eee rund shabdangalum ippol saadhaaranayaayi vyathyastha phonemukalaayi vishakalanam cheyyappedunnu, ennaal adutha kaalam vare avaa alophonukalaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, avaa ippozhum pradhaanamaayum pooraka vitharanathilaanu, laabiyalukalkk sheshamulla sthaanangalil (paletalised labialukal prathyeka phonemukalaayi kanakkaakkunnillenkil), sameepakaala vaaypa padangalil (ithum kaanuka poolish phonology-oru prasakthamaaya vibhaagam). polishinte munkaala (pree-moden) ghattangalkk, avaa orotta phoneminte alophonukalaayi kanakkaakkanam.
eee prathibhasam thanne poornnamaayum manasilakkaan mathramalla, athinte uthbhavavum kalaganana charcha cheyyaan eee shabdangalude shabdashaasthraparamaaya charithram polishil nokkendathu aavasyamaanu. ekadesham 13-aamm noottaand muthal 16-aamm noottaand vare kaanapettirunna eee samvidaanam chuvadeyundu (ithum kaanuka pazhaya poolish-phonologyekkurichulla vibhaagam).
aadhunika samvidaanathil ninnulla pradhana vyathyasam postalviyolaar seerees mriduvaayirunnu ennathaanu (paalatto-alviolar):,,,. aadhunika polishil ninnu vyathyasthamayi eee shabdangal pinthudarunnathinekkaal kooduthal. iruvarum parasparam chernnu orepole mriduvaayirunnu,
mattoru pradhana vastutha, ekadesham 13-aamm noottaand muthal// phonem nilavilundaayirunnu, athu munbathe mriduthvathil ninnu uthbhavichu. athinte uchaaranathe oru trill, frecative (check bhaashaykk ippozhum eee shabdamundu) enningane vivarikkaam.
postalviyolaar shreniyudeyum africateukaludeyum kaadinyam (depalatalisation) pathinaram noottaandil sambhavichu. eee vibhaagathinte thudakkathil vivarichathupole, paribhavamillaattha bhaashaabhedangalil falamaayundaakunna sanbradaayamaayirunnu. pakaram, bhaashakale lalithamaakkukayum postalviyolaar sibilantukal poornnamaayum denshyalviyolaarukalumaayi layippikkukayum cheythu
rund koottukudumbangal maathram avasheshikkunnu. mattu bhaashaabhedangalilennapole munbathe rund sophtt africateukalum depalatalise cheythu. ganyamaayi, munkaala postalveelarukal thudarunna puthiya denshyalveelarukalum ippol kadinamaanu, noonn-musserating bhaashaabhedangalilennapole, athinaal ellaayppozhum avaa pinthudarunnu, allathe (ennaal chuvade kaanuka).
ithinte vidhiyum pradhaanamaann mikka bhaashaabhedangalilum, eee shabdam pathinettaam noottaandilekkaayirunnu. mesureshan illaatha bhaashaabhedangalil ithu muun orijinalumaayi layippikkaan kaaranamaayi. poolish spelling vyuthpathi pinthudarunnathinaal, eee shabdathe λrz ω ennu ucharikkunnu, athesamayam yadhaarthathil λz ω ennu ucharikkunnu. ennaal masurating bhaashaabhedangalil ithinakam thanne aarambikkaan onnumillaayirunnu, athinaal aaa phonem athinte uchaaranathe maathram maatti. eee bhaashaabhedangalil (uchaaranathinte avasaanathil, shabdamillaatha shabdangalkku sameepavum chila bhaashaabhedangalil ellaayppozhum vaakkinte avasaanathilum) oru alophone undu. oro aadhunikathayilekkum, vyuthpathi pariganikkathe, maattam varuthunnathu, mesureshan anukarikkanulla shramathil ninnu uthbhavikkunna hyper karakshan aanu.
masaretting, noonn-masaretting uchaaranam thammilulla vyathyaasangal kaanikkunna chila udaaharanagal chuvadeyunda
kaaranagal.
masareshante uthbhavam vishadeekarikkaan niravadhi sidhaanthangal munnottuvachittundu. 1947 muthal 1950 vare poolish academic sarkkilukalil eee vishayathekkurichulla valare chooderiya charchakal nadannu. swaabhaavikamaayum kooduthal charcha cheyyappetta dating enna chodyam valare adutha bandhamullathaan.
videsha swaadheenam.
 pazhaya prussian substrate swaadheenathe mesureshante uthbhavamaayi aadyamaayi nirddeshichathu addehamaanu. eee sidhaantham pinneedu selishchevum milevsky vipuleekarichu. pazhaya prussian bhaashayile poolish vaipa padangalil poolish postalvolaar frikketteevukalkku pakaram pathivayi densialvolar frikketteevukal upayogikkunnundennu theliyikkappettittund, udaaharanathinu. poolish bhashayil ninnu, poolish bhashayil ninnu (pazhaya prussian aksharavinyasam). eee sidhaanthamanusarichu masooriyayile polyonised prashyakkaarude samsaarathinte oru savisheshathayaayirunnu masyureshan (masurian bhaashaabhedangal kaanuka), avide ninnu ithu vyaapichu. eee prathibhasam masoviayil evideyo aarambhich avide ninnu vyaapichuvenna vivaranangalumayi ithu poruthappedunnu. saadhyamaaya prussian substrate kanakkiledukkanamennu tassici sammathikkunnu, athesamayam urbansic eee sidhaanthathe vimarsikkukayum masuriyayilalla, malbork-lubavayude bhaashaabhedangalil prashyakkaare polonise cheiyunnathaanu prashyakkaarude aavirbhaavathin kaaranamaayathenn urappikkukayum cheiyunnu.
bhaashaasampradaayathinte adisthaanathil mesureshante uthbhavam vishadeekarikkaan sramikkunna mattu nirddeshangalil pazhaya prussian bhaashaykk mukalil vivaricha samanamaaya vaadangal upayogichu trotman vikasippichedutha jarmman swaadheenathekkurichulla ashayavum charithraatheethakaalatthe celtic allengil euralic swaadheenangalum ulppedunnu. charithrarekhakale adisthaanamaakki theliyikkukayo thettayi theliyikkukayo asaadhyamaanennu karuthunnathinaal mylvsky avasaanathe randennam poornnamaayum nirasikkunnu.
aantharika vikasanam.
pathinaram noottaandil postalviyolar shreniyude melpparanja depalatalisationukalumaayi mesureshan nerittu bandhappettirikkunnave (aadyam bhaashaashaasthranjayaaya haleena konesna) palappozhum kanakkakkunnu, athil mesurating allatha pradeshangalil, mesurating bhashakalil, mesurating-alviolar retroflexaayi maari. muun kesil eee shabdangal avayude uchaarana reethi paletalise cheyyaathathaayi maatti, ennaal pinneedulla saahacharyathil atharam oru prathyeka savisheshatha nashtappedunnathu avaye dential veelarukalumaayi onnippikkaan kaaranamaayi. vividha bhaashaabhedangalile vyathyasthamaaya perumaattatthe orupakshe aaa parambarayude uchaaranathile pazhaya vyathyasathaal vishadeekarikkaanaakum.
ithum samanamaaya layanangalum (,; thaazhe kaanuka) pazhaya poolish phonological sisttathil sibilantukal amithamaayi looad cheythathaanu kaaranamennum nirddeshikkappettittund. moonnu parambarakalileyum acoustics, parasparam vendathra vyathyasthamayirunnilla, athinaal bhooribhaagam bhaashaabhedangalum avayil randennam layippichu. ithu samanthara prakriyakalaayi, ore kaaranathode, vyathyasthamaaya phalam nalkum. eee sidhaantham aadyam munnottuvachathu rudniki aanu, pinneedu vaylant amgeekarikkukayum thudarukayum cheythu, randaamathethu thaazhnna sorbian charithratthile samanthara sambhavavikasangal udharichu. mangolian bhaashakalude charithratthile samanamaaya udaaharanangalum mylvsky ithilekku cherkkunnu. ellaayidathum saahacharyangal orupoleyaanenkilum poolish samsaarikkunna pradeshathe muzhuvan baadhikkaathathinaal eee prathibhaasatthinte pradhana kaaranam ithaayirikkillennu konesna, kurilovics ennivarumaayi chernnu addeham abhipraayappedunnu. athinaal ithu mesureshante kaaranangalil onnu maathramaayirunnuvenn vaadikkanam, oru munvyavasthayaanu, pakshe nirnnayaka gadakamalla.
kurilovics nirddeshicha oru savishesha sidhaantham parayunnath mesureshante uthbhavam melpparanja depalatalisationumaayi bandhappettirikkunnavum ennaal vyathyasthamaaya reethiyilaanennum parayunnu. athaayath, maattam ore samayam ellaayidathum sambhavichilla enna vastutha kanakkileduthu, pazhaya uchaaranam (purathana bhaashaabhedangal) ulla ayalbhaashakalil ithinakam thanne maattathinu vidheyamaaya (noothanabhashakal) bhaashaabhedangal ulla pradeshangalil, puraathanabhashakal eee shabdamaattam svayam avatharippikkan aagrahichu (maattam oru naveekaranamayathinaal athu vyaapikkanulla pravanathayundaayirunnu). ennaal eee bhaashaabhedangal, puthiya shabdangal punarnirmikkaan anuyojyamaaya shabdangal kandethathe, avaykku ariyappedunnathum (prathyakshatthil avayude nonpaalattalaisd arculation avarude praadhamika savisheshathayaayum avayude uchaarana sthaanam dvitheeyamaayum kanakkakkunnu). kadinavum puthiya samvidaanathil ninnu svanthamaayi maattisthaapikkunnathina kadameduthathum; sisttathil asamathvam srishtikkunnathum deerghakaalam nilanilkkaathirikkunnathum athupole thanne aandu (pazhaya polishil thanne phonomic staattas samshayaaspadamaanu) aayi samyojippikkappedukayum cheythu.
saahithyabhashayum saahithyabhashayum.
poolish saahitya bhaashaykk mesureshan illaathathinaal, ithu valarekkaalamaayi (saadhaaranayaayi) oru thaazhnna uchaaranamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. eee savisheshathayil ninnu thangalude samsaram ozhivakkaan aagrahikkunnavarkk postalviyolaar shabdangal upayogichu eathu vaakkukal ucharikkanamennu ariyillaayirunnu-avarkk anyamaayirunnu-avar athu oru speakeril ninnu vyathyasthamayi kettillengil, mattu sandarbhangalil avar idaykkide thettukal varuthi. avaa vyuthpathiyaayi nyaayeekarikkappedaatha sthalangalil,,,,,,, enniva thettayi maattisthaapikkunnathine thettaaya demassoration ennu vilikkunnu. poolish bhaashaabhedangalude atlasil () rekhappeduthiyittulla poolish bhaashaabhedangalil saakshyappeduthiya vaakkukalude udaaharanangal ("bovin") ennathinu pakaram ("bovin") ennathinu pakaram ("millatt", "paanikkam") ennathinu pakaram ("lard").
idaykkide vaakkukalude oru vichitramaaya uchaaranam saahitya nilavaaratthilekku athukayum maanadandamaayi maarukayum cheythu. pazhaya polishinu pakaram ("athbhutham"), ("athbhutham"), ("nick-naakk"), ("bucket"), ("jug") ennivayaanu badhikkappetta vaakkukal.
samanamaaya layanangal.
mattu poolish bhaashaabhedangalil sambhavikkunna mattoru layanam sambhavikkunnu. saileshyayile jablongovinaduthulla bhaashaabhedangalilum vadakku warmiayilum austrodaykkum lubavaykkum chuttumulla bhaashakalilum ithu kaanapedunnu, ithu staanderd poolish alviolopaletal vyanjanaaksharangalum retroflex vyanjanaaksharangalum oru intermediat seereesilekk layippikkunnathin kaaranamaakunnu. ore kaaranangalil ninnu undaakaamenn saadhaaranayaayi masyureshanodoppam charcha cheyyappedunnu ("kaaranagal" vibhaagathil mukalil kaanuka).
"" alviolopaletal, dental sibilants ennivayude layanamaan kashubian bhashayil.
croatian bhaashayile chakavian bhaashayude chila pradeshangalilum masareshanu samanamaaya oru shabdanaamam kaanapedunnu, avide ithu "sakavism" ennariyappedunnu.
belarasian bhashayil, podlachiyayile chila graamangalile bhaashaabhedangal ayalpolish bhaashaabhedangalil ninnu nerittu kadameduthathaanu.
ippol vamshanasham sambhavicha polabian bhasha athinte chila bhaashaabhedangalil samanthara maattam prakadamaakki. nilanilkkunna metteeriyal pefingerinte proto-slavik * s, * z, * c, * shh, * shh, * shh, * shh ennivayude prathipravartthanangale sthiramaayi verthirikkunnu, athesamayam mattu kruthikal aaa shabdangale layippikkunna oru bhaashaabhedathe (allengil bhaashaabhedangal) prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu thonnunnu.
shabdamillaatha africateukale maathram badhikkunna kooduthal idungiya layanam mattu chila slavik pradeshangalil sambhavikkunnu. kizhakkan slavik bhashayil ithu vadakkan russian bhaashaabhedangalil kaanapedunnu. aaa pradeshangalil staanderd russian (ps * sii yill ninnu), (ps * sii yill ninnu) enniva poornnamaayum layippikkukayum ucharikkukayum allengil bhaashaabhedathe aashrayich cheiyunnu. eee savisheshathaye () layanam oru dental africatinuvendiyaangiyil () postalveevolaar africatinuvendiyaangiyil () ennu vilikkunnu. padinjaaran slavik bhashakalil, thaazhnna sorbian bhashakal aadyathethu sorbian bhashakalaayi maari, athesamayam uyarnna sorbian bhashakalil avaa vyathyasthamayi thudarunnu.

