sabhaparamaaya laattin

puraathanakaalatthinte avasaanathil kristheeya chinthayekkurichu charcha cheiyunnathinaayi vikasippicheduthathum kristheeya aaraadhanaakramam, daivashaasthram, sabhaa bharanam ennivayil innum, prathyekichu catholica sabhayil upayogikkunnathumaaya laattin bhaashayude oru roopamaanu charchu laattin allengil littarjikkal laattin ennum ariyappedunna eklisistikkal laattin. kristhyan ardhathil punarnirmmicha ashleela laattin, classical laattin (athupole greak, hebru) ennivayil ninnulla vaakkukal ithil ulppedunnu. shaasthreeya lattinekkaal sailiyum karkkashavumaaya roopathil ithu padasanchayam, roopangal, vaakyaghadana enniva pankidunnu, athesamayam bhaashayodoppam ellaayppozhum undaayirunnathum ennaal classical laattin saahitya rachayithakkal ozhivaakkiyathumaaya anoupachaarika gadakangal ulppeduthunnu.
ettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil carolingian navothaanakaalathu chaalmeyninte vidyaabhyaasa parishkaarangalude bhaagamaayi athinte uchaaranam bhaagikamaayi staanderdais cheyyappettu, fraansilum englandilum upayogichirunna eee puthiya aksharam-akshara uchaaranam rund noottaandukalkku sesham ibeeriyayilum italiyilum sweekarichu. kaalakramena, praadeshika praadeshika bhasha aashrayich uchaaranam vyathichalichu, ithu laattin bhaashayude parambaraagatha engleesh uchaaranam polulla valare vyathyasthamaaya roopangalkku kaaranamaayi, ithu ippol laattin grandhangal vaayikkaan upekshikkappettu. catholica sabhaykkullil, engleesh palli polulla chila protestant pallikalil, itaaliyanettu laattin ennariyappedunna aadhunika itaaliyan phonology adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru uchaaranam irupathaam noottaandode saadhaaranamaayi.
laattin palliyilum, engleesh palli, lutheran palli, methadist palli, kizhakkan oorthadoox sabhayude padinjaaran achaarangal ennivayilum aaraadhanaakramangalude bhashayaayirunnu eklisistikkal laattin. innu, catholica sabhayude audyogika rekhakalil, tridentine massil, eklisistikkal laattin praadhamikamaayi upayogikkunnu, athu ippozhum purohithanmaar padikkunnu.
daivashaasthra kruthikal, aaraadhanaakramangal, pingamika prakhyapanangal ennivayil upayogikkunna sabhaa laattin shailiyil vyathyaasamund vulgate bybilil vaakyaghadana lalithamaanu, roman canon oof massil shreniparavum (valare niyanthrithavum), thomas akvinaasinte ters saankethikavum, joonn pooll randaaman maarppaappayude chaakrikalekhanathil sisaroniyan (vaakyaghadanayil sankeernavum).
upayogam.
purathana kaalathe vaikiyulla upayogam.
395ll theodosius chakravartthiyude pingamiyaayi roman saamrajyam pilarnnathode naalam noottaandinte avasaanathode palliyil laattin bhaashayude upayogam aarambhichu. eee vibhajanathinu munbu, sabhayude praadhamika bhashayum roman saamraajyathinte kizhakkan pakuthiyude bhashayum greekkaayirunnu. vibhajanathethudarnnu, jeromineppolulla aadyakaala daivashaasthranjar greak, hebru grandhangal padinjaaran roman saamraajyathinte prabalamaaya bhashayaaya laattinilekk vivarthanam cheythu. roman saamraajyathinte padinjaaran pakuthiyil greak nashtappettathum roman saamraajyathinte kizhakkan pakuthiyil laattin nashtappettathum udanadi aayirunnilla, marichu bhaashayude samskaaratheyum sabhayude vikasanatheyum maattimarichu. classical lattinil ninnu sabhaparamaaya laattine prathyekamaayi verthirikkunnathu vivarthanam cheiyunnathinulla oru bhasha enna nilayil athinte upayogathinte anantharafalangalaanu, kaaranam ithu "koyin" greekkil ninnu nirmmaanangalum padawali kadameduthu swaamsheekarichathinaal, chila laattin vaakkukalude ardhangal "koyin" greak orijinalukalumaayi poruthappeduthunnu, avaa chilappol svayam hebru orijinalukalude vivarthanangalaan.
madhyakala upayogam.
thudakkathil laattinum yadhaartha pranaya bhashayum thammil vyathyaasamundaayirunnil, aadyathethu randaamathethinte parambaraagatha likhitha roopam mathramaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, onpathaam noottaandil spain aksharavinyaasathinulla sariyaaya maarggamaayirunnu, athaayath 'noottaand'. innu oru engleesh prabhashakan λ naitt λ ennu ucharikkumennathinekkaal kooduthal ezhuthukaaran athu urakke vaayikkumayirunnilla.
pinneedu carolingian navothaanakaalathaanu eklisistikkal laattin bhaashayude samsara pathipp srishtikkappettathu. fraansile laattin rachanayude nilavaaram mechappeduthunnathinaayi chalmaine chumathalappedutthiya engleesh pandithanaaya alkuin, laattin aksharavinyaasathinte aksharaarthatthilulla vyaakhyaanathe adisthaanamaakki oru uchaaranam nirddeshichu. udaaharanathinu, parambaraagatha sanbradaayathil ninnu samoolamaaya oru edavelayil, λω 'oorcard' polulla oru vaakk ippol (pinneedu pazhaya franch ennu ucharikkapettu) ennathinekkaal krithyamaayi ucharikkendathundu. carolingian parishkaarangal taamasiyaathe puthiya palli laattine fraansil ninnu pranayam samsaarikkunna mattu raajyangalilekku konduvannu.
parishkaranakaalatthum aadhunika protestant pallikalilum ithu upayogichu.
paashchaathya palliyil laattin upayogam aadhunika kaalaghattatthinte arambham vare thudarnnu. parishkaranasamayathu martin lutherinte thathwangalilonnu sevanangalum mathagrandhangalum akkaalat palarkkum manassilaakaatha bhashayaaya lattininekkaal pothubhashayil undaayirikkuka ennathaayirunnu. protestant purohithanmaar sevanangalil laattin upayogikkunnathu ozhivaakkiyenkilum pathinettaam noottaand vare unnatha padanathinteyum daivashaasthra chinthayudeyum bhashayaayathinaal protestant purohithanmaarkk laattin padikkukayum manassilakkukayum cheyyendivannu. parishkaranathinushesham, lutheran pallikalil, njaayaraazhchathe shabbathil dushe mess ennu parayaamaayirunnuvenkilum, pravrithidivasangalil laattin bhasha bahujanangalude bhashayaayi nilanirthappettu. janeevayil, parishkaricha pallikalil, "paatternostar", "aveh maria", laattin bhaashayile "credo" enniva paarayanam cheythukondu thangalude vishwaasam theliyikkaan vyakthikal kanstararikku munnil vilichu."engleesh sabhayil, pothu praarthanayude pusthakam engleeshinoppam laattinilum prasidheekarichu. martin luther joonn kaalvinum avarude kaalaghattatthil cheythathupole, methadist pallikalude sthaapakanaaya joonn wesley "saidhaanthika rachanakalil laattin vaachakam upayogichu". wortembergilum rainlaandilum protestant purohitharude parisheelanatthil, sarvakalashaalakal daivatwa vidyaarthikale laattin bhashayil padippikkukayum avarude pareekshakal eee bhashayil nadathukayum cheythu. mondaubaan sarvakalashaala, parishkaricha aabhimukhyathil, seminaarukaar rund theesis poortthiyaakkanamennu aavashyappedunnu, onnu laattin bhaashayilaan; athinaal parishkaricha mantrimar catholica seminaaristukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol "parisheelanatthiloode laattinist" aayirunnu.
aadhunika catholica upayogam.
catholica sabhayude audyogika bhashayaayi eklisistikkal laattin thudarunnu. randaamathe vaattikkan kaunsil (1962-1965) eee bahujanm praadeshika bhaashakalilekku vivarthanam cheiyumennu vidhichu. matellaa bhaashakalilekkum vivarthanam cheiyunnathinu vyakthamaaya orotta pooyint nalkunna laattin bhaashayile aradhana grandhangal sabha nirmmikkunnu. canon niyamatthinte paadangalkkum ithu baadhakamaan. benedict pathinaraman marpappa apratheekshithamaayi rajikkath nalkiyathu laattin bhaashayilaan.
hollie zee chila noottaandukalaayi saadhaaranayaayi oru aadhunika bhashayil rekhakal thayyarakkunnundenkum aakta apostolica sedis ennathil prasidheekaricha aadhikaarika paatam saadhaaranayaayi laattin bhaashayilaan. chila grandhangal thudakkathil oru aadhunika bhashayil prasidheekarikkukayum pinneedu eee laattin pathipp prasidheekarichathinushesha oru laattin pathipp (allengil "edittiyo typica") anusarichu parishkarikkukayum cheyyaam. udaaharanathinu, catholica sabhayude mathabodhanagrandham 1992-ll franch bhashayil thayyarakki prasidheekarichu. anchu varshathinu sesham, 1997-ll laattin vaachakam prathyakshappedukayum audyogika vaachakamayi kanakkaakkappedunna laattin pathippumayi poruthappedunna reethiyil franch vaachakam sariyaakkukayum cheythu. samsthaanathinte vaattikkan sekratteriyattinte laattin bhasha vakuppinu (munbu "sekrateriya brevium aadu principals ettu epistolaram lattinaram") maarppaappayudeyum curiel rekhakaludeyum laattin thayyarakkal chumatalayund. chilappol, audyogika vaachakam oru aadhunika bhashayil prasidheekarikkunnu, udha.jii.piyas x (itaaliyan bhashayil) maarppaappayude "tra leeii solesittudini" (1903), piyas xi (jarmman bhashayil) maarppaappayude "mitt brennender sorj" (1937) ennee prashasthamaaya saasanangal.
classical laattinumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyuka.
classical laattinum charchu laattinum thammil valia vyathyasangalilla. classical grandhangalude laattin ariyunna oraalkk sabhayude laattin manassilakkaan kazhiyum, kaaranam iva randum thammilulla pradhana vyathyaasangal uchaaranathilum aksharavinyaasathilum padaavaliyilumaanu.
pala raajyangalilum, aaraadhanaakramathino mattu sabhaparamaaya aavasyangalkko vendi laattin samsarikkunnavar aadhunika itaaliyan bhashayil aksharangalkk ulla moolyam nalkikkond romile parambaraagathamaaya uchaaranam upayogikkunnu, pakshe thurannathum aduthathum thammilulla verthiriv koodaathe. oppam othucherukayum cheiyunnu. avaa yathaakramam (engleesh), (engleesh) enningane ucharikkappedunnu. oru swaraaksharam saadhaaranayaayi ucharikkunnathin munbu (allengil ennathinu munballengil). atharam samsarikkunnavar classical aayitalla, engleeshilennapole vyanjanaksharam (ingane ezhuthiyittilla) ucharikkunnu. classical laattin bhaashayilennapole, eratta vyanjanaksharangal jemineshanodeyaanu ucharikkunnathu.
neelamullathum hrasvavumaaya svaraaksharangal thammilulla classical laattin vyathyasam avaganikkappedunnu, koodaathe neelamulla swaraaksharam adayaalappeduthunnathinu 'maakron' allengil 'apex' ennee varikalkk pakaram, sammarddathinu oru theevramaaya uchaaranam upayogikkunnu. rund aksharangalulla vaakkukalude aadya aksharam oonnipparayunnu; dairkhyameriya vaakkukalil, oonnipparayunna swaraaksharathinu mukalil oru theevramaaya uchaaranam sthaapikkunnu adoremus 'namukk aaradhikkaam'; dominy 'karthaavinte'.
bhasha saamagrikal.
laattin bhaashayilulla baibilinte poornnamaaya paatamaaya parishkaricha vulgate nova valgaatta-bibliorum sacrorum edittiyoyil prathyakshappedunnu. puthiya varavu oro vaakyathinteyum vulgate laattin sahitam, dauy pathippil, oro vaakyathilum muzhuvan bybilum nalkunnu.
1976ll laattin padanavum upayogavum prolsaahippikkunnathi pooll araman marpappa laattinitaas foundeshan (laattin bhashayil "opas fundettam laattinitaas") sthaapichu. ithinte aasthaanam vaattikkan nagarathilaanu. foundeshan laattin bhashayil oru traimasa prasidheekarikkunnu. aadhunika aashayangalkkaayi 15,000 padangalulla itaaliyan-laattin lexicon lacinesis laattinittaattis (sameepakaala laattin nighandu), oru saikkil ("birota"), oru sigaratt ("fisttula nikottiyaana"), oru computer ("instrumentam computarium"), oru kauboy ("armentarius"), oru motel ("deversorium autosyneticum"), shampoo ("kaapittilaviyam"), strike ("operistityam"), oru theevravaadikal ("tromocratis"), oru vyaapaaramudra ("ergasteri notta"), oru thozhilillaatha vyakthi ("ottiyosasine shanikkuka"), walts ("koritta"), oru minivincincy (minivincincy), oru minivincincy (minivincincy), braisiskey (minivincincy) (minivincincy pusthakatthil ninnu verthirichedutha atharam 600 oolam padangal vaattikkan websaittinte oru pejil kaanapedunnu. laattinitaas foundeshane 2012 ll laattin ()-nulla pontifical akkadami marikadannu.
nilavile upayogam.
catholica sabhayude vishudha zee, laattin aaraadhanaakramangal ennivayude pathivayi upayogikkunna bhashayaayi laattin thudarunnu. 1960 vare, pinneedu gregorian polulla roman kolejukalil, catholica purohithanmaar laattin paatapusthakangal upayogichu daivashaasthram padikkukayum pala seminaarikalileyum prabodhana bhasha laattin aayirikkukayum cheythu, ithu sabhayude pithaakkanmaarude bhashayaayi kaanapettu. ennirunnaalum, adhyaapanathilum daivashaasthra gaveshanathilum laattin upayogam kuranju. ennirunnaalum, seminaarikalilum pontifical sarvakalaashaalakalilum laattin upayogam ippol vamshanaashathilekku kuranjuvenkilum, laattin bhashayil samagramaya pariseelanam nalkunnathinu seminari roopeekaranathinu canon niyamam aavashyappedunnu."randaamathe vaattikkan kaunsil polulla catholica nethaakkalude sameepakaala anthaaraashtra othucheralukalil laattin ippozhum samsaarichirunnu, ithu ippozhum oru puthiya marpappa thiranjedukkaan sammelanangalil upayogikkunnu. 2004-ll bishappumaarude sinadinte pathaamatthe saadhaarana pothusabhayaan charchakalkkaayi oru laattin bhasha samgham undaaya ettavum puthiyath.
padinjaaran (laattin) palliyude parambaraagatha aradhana bhasha laattin aanenkilum, randaamathe vaattikkan kaunsiline pinthudarnna aradhana parishkaarangal muthal praadeshika bhaashayude aradhana upayogam prabalamaanna laattin sabhayude aradhana niyamam parayunnath laattin bhashayilo lattinil ninnu vivarthanam cheytha aradhana grandhangal niyamaanusrithamaayi amgeekaricha mattoru bhashayilo maas aaghoshikkaamennu parayunnu. 1962-leeii roopathil trishoolaka pindatthinte thudarchayaaya upayogathinu anuvadicha anumathi, avaa aadyamaayi laattin bhashayil vaayichathinusesham thiruvezhuthukalude vaayana prakhyapikkunnathil praadeshika bhaashayude upayogathinu amgeekaaram nalkunnu.
engleesh communion, lutheran pallikal thudangiya charitraparamaaya protestant pallikalil, sabhaa laattin idaykkide bahujanangalude gaana aakhoshangalil upayogikkunnu.
palli laattin kaana.
jappaanile catholica sabhayil upayogikkunna sthuthipusthakathil chila prathyeka kaana kathaapaathrangalundu. laattin bhashayil shabdathe prathinideekarikkaan, aarr koolam kaana aksharangal upayogikkunnu ([laa], [leeii], [lii], [loow], [luu] ennivaykku).

