
hepben act

1906 leeii yunaittad stetts federal niyamamaan hepben act, athu antharsamsthaana vaanijya kammeeshante (aii. sii. sii) adhikaraparidhi vipuleekarikkukayum paramavadhi railway nirakkukal nischayikkaanulla adikaaram nalkukayum cheythu. ithu vishwastha shipparmarkkulla soujanya paasukal nirthalaakkunnathilekku nayichu. koodaathe, aii. sii. sick reyilveyude saambathika rekhakal kaanaan kazhiyum, ithu staanderd book keeping samvidaanangalaal lalithamaakkiya oru joliyaanu. ethirtha eathoru railwake, niyamanirmmaanatthinte phalam parayunnathuvare aii. sii. siyude vyavasthakal praabalyatthil thudarum. hepben niyamaprakaaram, paalangal, terminalukal, ferrikal, railway sleeping kaarukal, express kambanikal, oayil pipe lineukal enniva ulkkollaan aii. sii. siyude adikaaram vipuleekarichu.
avalokanam.
hepben act athinte sponsaraaya patthu thavana ayowa republican kongras amgamaaya vilyam peettezhs hepbeninte perilaanu ariyappedunnathu. avasana pathipp president theodor rooswelt aavasyappettathinodu aduthaayirunnu, moonnu viyojip vottukal maathram nedi athu kongras eluppathil pasaki. 1903 leeii elkins niyamathodoppam eee niyamavum roosvelttinte pradhana naya lakshyangalilonnaya railway niyanthranatthinte oru gadakamaayirunnu.
niyamathile ettavum pradhanappetta vyavastha nilavilulla nirakkukalkk pakaram "nyaayavum yukthisahavumaya" paramavadhi nirakkukal nalkaan aii. sii. sii. kku vila niyanthrana adikaaram nalkukayum neethiyukthavum nyaayayukthavumaayath enthaanennu nirvachikkaan commission adikaaram nalkukayum cheythu. niyamam aii. sii. sii utharavukal nirbandhamaakki; athaayath, railwake federal kodathiyil aii. sii. sii utharavukal anusarikkukayo malsarikkukayo cheyyendathundu. nirakk nischaya prakriya vegathilaakkaan, jilla kodathikalude vidhikalil ninnulla appeelukal nerittu yuu. esilekku pookumennu niyamam vyakthamaakkunnu.ezz. supreme kodathi.
kizhivu virudha vyavasthakal karshanamakki, soujanya paasukal niyamavirudhamaakki, lamghanathinulla shikshakal vardhippichu. 1890ll 104 ayirunna aii. sii. sii. jeevanakkaarude ennam 1905ll 178,1907ll 330,1909ll 527 aayi uyarnnu. oduvil, aii. sii. sick oru ekeekritha accounting samvidaanam nirddeshikkaanum staanderd reportukal aavasyappedaanum railway akkoundukal parisodhikkaanum adikaaram labhichu.
railway nirakkukalude parimiti railway securitykalude moolyam kurachathinaal 1907 leeii paribhraanthikk kaaranamaayi.
praadhaanyam.
irupathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil railway badhikkunna ettavum pradhanappetta niyamanirmmaanamaan hepbane act ennu pandithanmaar karuthunnu. 1906ll swapnam kaanaatha oru bheeman aniyanthrithamaaya trucking vyavasaayam oduvil avarude bisinesses eduthukalayaan idayaakki, ithu railway durbalappeduthiyo ennu saambathika vidagtharum charitrakaaranmaarum charcha cheiyunnu.
thudar niyamanirmmanam.
hepbane niyamam nadappaakkunnathile parimithikal pariharikkunnathinayi 1910 ll president vilyam howard taafttinte bharanakaalathu kongras maan-elkins niyamam pasaki. shippermaaril ninnulla paraathikalodu prathikarikkunnathinuparam railway nirakk vardhanavinekkurichu avalokanam aarambikkaan maan-elkins niyamam aii. sii. siye adhikaarappeduthi. 1910leeii niyamam aii. sii. sii. kku "neethiyukthavum nyayayukthavumaaya" paramavadhi nirakkukal nischayikkaan adikaaram nalkukayum nyaayabodham prakadippikkunnathin thelivukalude bharam reyilveyude mail vaykkukayum cheythu.

