brazilian vimaanavaahinikkappal minas geraiz

1960 muthal 2001 vare "marinha doow brassil" (emm. bii., brazilian nevi) pravarthippichirunna oru laitt aircraft kaariyarayirunnu neel "minas gerais" (pennant nambar eiii 11). randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu yunaittad kingdatthinte royal nevikkaayi eee kappal sthaapikkappettu, yuddham avasaanikkunnathin thottumunbu ithu poortthiyaayi, pakshe yuddham kandilla. pariseelana kappal artic gaveshana kappal enna nilayilulla sevanagalkk sesham, 1952 muthal 1955 vare royal australian naavikasenaykku eee kappal vaaypayaayi nalkappettu. avar britteeshukaarkk thirike nalkukayum 1956ll brazilinu vilkkukayum cheythu.
kanatha naavika vimanangal pravarthippikkaan kappalin kazhiyunnathinayi netherlandil naalu varshathe parivarthanatthinu vidheyamaayi. 1960-ll avar emm. biyilekk "minas gerais" (minas gerais samsthaanathinte peril) aayi kammeeshan cheyyappettu; oru laattin american raajyam aadyamaayi vaangiyathum, arjanteeniyan aaraa "independentia" ("colosus"-klaas) kazhinjaal sevanathil praveshicha randaamathethum. 1987 num 1996 num idayil, ketpulttu thakararilaayathinaal sthira-wing vimanam pravarthippikkaan carrierinu kazhinjilla, koodaathe helikopttar carrier, ubhayachara aakramana kappal ennivayaayi punarnirmikkappettu.
"minas gerais" 2001 vare sevanathil thudarnnu, athinusesham avarkk pakaram neye niyamichu. pirichuvidunna samayat, lokathile ettavum pazhaya pravarthanakshamamaaya vimaanavaahinikkappalum randaam lokamahaayudhathinte laitt fleet roopakalppanayude avasana pravartthana yoonittum aayirunnu avar. kappal oru museum kappalayi samrakshikkaanulla sramangal undaayirunnittum, kappal lelam cheyyaanulla niravadhi parajayappetta shramangalkk sesham (ibeyile oru pattika ulppede), "minas gerais" 2004 ll scrappinu vilkkukayum thakarnnathin indiayile alamgilekku kondupookukayum cheythu.
roopakalppanayum nirmmanavum.
royal nevi (rn) kku vendi hamsa vettakkaaranaan echms "prathikara" thaayi eee kappal nirmmichathu. 1942 november november avar sthaapikkappedukayum 1944 februvari februvari udghaadanam cheyyukayum cheythu. 1945 januvari januvari nirmmaanam poortthiyaakkukayum "prathikara" thhe aarennil kammeeshan cheyyukayum cheythu.
colosus"-klaas carrierukal 'dispossible yudhakkappalukal' aayirikkaanaanu uddeshichirunnathu avaa randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu pravarthippikkukayum shathruthayude avasaanathilo sevanathil praveshichu moonnu varshathinullil illaathaakkukayum venam. eee padhathi undaayirunnittum, moonnu naavikasenakalilayi 55 varshathilere kappalin sevanajeevitam undaayirunnu.
aadyakaala pravartthana charithram.
kammeeshan cheythathinushesham, britiish pasaphik kappalppadayumayi chernna 11-aamath vimaanavaahinikkappal squadroninu "prathikara" thhe niyogichu. 1945 joolaiyil australiyayile sidneyil ethiya kappal randaam lokamahaayudham avasanikkunnathuvare refittukalkkaayi thuramukhathu thudarnnu. "1946 madhyam vare eshyan jalathil "prathikara" pravartthikkukayum avar englandilekku madangukayum oru pariseelana kappalayi punarniyamanam cheyyappedukayum cheythu. 1948 avasaanathode, "prathikara" thhe artic saahacharyangalkkayi parivartthanam cheythu, 1949 februvari muthal 1949 march vare, kappalukalum vimaanangalum udyogastharum kadutha thanuppil ethra nannayi pravarthikkunnuvennu nirnnayikkunnathinaayi oru pareekshanathmaka krooyisinte bhaagamaayi avar artic vellathil pravarthichu.
1952 avasaanathode muthal 1955 madhyam vare, nirmmaanathilirikkunna kappalin pakaram sevanamanushtikkunnathinayi royal australian naavikasenaykku "prathikara" vaaypa nalkiyirunnu.
vangalum naveekaranavum.
naveekaranavum president thiranjeduppinu munnodiyaayi, minas gerais samsthaana govarnor juselino kubitshek dii olivira brazilian admiralukalkku "marinha doow brassil" (emby, brazilian nevi) enna vimaanavaahinikkappal vaangumenn vaagdaanam cheythu. 1956-nte thudakkathil thante udghaadana velayil oru naavika kalapam ozhivaakkaanaan ithu cheythathennum second hand yudhakkappalinte "sainika upayogashoonyatha" yill vishwasichengilum, brazilinu 9 dasalaksham dollar "prathikara" vilppana 1956 desember 14-nuu nadannuvennum kubitshek pinneedu avakashappettu.
1957 madhyam muthal 1960 desember vare, netherlandsil valia thothilulla naveekaranathinum punarnirmmaanatthinum eee kappal vidheyamaayi. rotterdamile verrolme docaanu punny nadathiyathu, ithinu 27 dasalaksham dollar chelavayi. ettavum drishyamaaya maattam oru 8.5-degree angled flaitt deck sthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu. konukalude valippathin dveepinte superstructurinte starboard vashath oru praveshanamaargam nirmmikkendathund; bharam flaitt dekkinte portside ovarhaanginu oru kaundar balansai pravartthikkunnu. kooduthal sakthamaaya neeravi kaattapultt, sakthamaaya arast gear, shakthippeduthiya hanger elivettarukal, mirror landing aid enniva samyojippichukondu eee parishkkaranangal jettu vimaanangalude bharam vare pravartthikkaan anuvadichu. kaariyarinte dweep uparithalam maattisthaapichu, puthiya fayar kantrol systetheyum radar suitineyum pinthunaykkaan oru laattis maast gadippichu. kappalinte boiler sheshi vardhippikkukayum naalu turbo janarettarukalum oru deesal generatorum sthaapikkunnathiloode aantharika vaidyuthi essy aayi parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheythu.
1960 desember 6 nuu "marinha doow braasilil" neyil "minas gerais" (kubitshekkinte swantham samsthaanathinte peril) aayi kammeeshan cheyyappettu. 1961 januvari 13 nuu avar rioo dii janeroyilekku rotterdam vittu. refittinte kaalayalav ardhamaakkunnathu oru laattin american raajyam aadyamaayi vangiya kaariyarayirikke, 1959 joolaiyil mattoru "colosus" klaas carrier arjanteeniyan navikasenayil aaraa "independentia" aayi sevanathil praveshichathinu sesham sevanathil praveshicha randaamathe vyakthiyaan avar.
aayudangalum samvidaanangalum.
kappalinte aadhunikavalkkarana samayat "minas gerais" aayi maarunna samayat, avalude aayudangalil patthu bofforukal 40 emm aanti-aircraft thokkukalum (2 kwad moundingukalum 1 eratta mounding) rund 47 emm ulkkollunnu. 1994ll bofforukal neekkam cheyyukayum pakaram rund uparithala-tuu-eyar launcherukal misral misailukalkkaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. adhika aayudangal aavashyamaanenkil bofforukal veendum sthaapikkaam.
1996 aayappozhekkum, "minas geraisil" inipparayunna radaarukal gadippichu eyar serchinaayi oru lockheed ezz. pii. pii, uparithala thirachilinaayi oru plessy eiii. dablyu. ezz 4, naavigeshanaayi oru signal isad. dablyu. 06, fayar kantrolinaayi rund ezz. pii. jii-34, carrier niyantritha sameepanathinaayi oru skaanttar mill-paar. rund serch radaarukalum iii, eph ennee naatto freekwansi baandukalilum naavigeshan, cca radaarukal naatto aii baandilum fayar kantrol radaarukal aii, jeey baandukalilum pravartthikkunnu.
1990 kalude madhyathode, aarr aarr trackerukal, naalu muthal aarr vare vare zee rajaakkanmaar, rund-355 ekkyoorooyilukal, moonnu eiii-332 suuppar pumakal enniva ulppedunnathaanu kaariyarinte eyar group. 1999ll emm. bii. kuvaitt vyomasenayil ninnu 20 20 skyhokkukalum 3 moonnu trainer vimaanangalum 70 dasalaksham dollarinu vaangi. "2000-nte avasaanathil minas gerais eee vimanangal pravarthippikkaan thudangi.
brazilian pravartthana charithram.
1965-ll, president humberto dii alankaar castello branco naavikasenaykku helikopttarukalude pravartthanam anuvadichu, fixed wing vimanangal "forza eriya brazilia" (fab, brazilian vyomasena) yude utharavaadithamaayi thudaranam. thalphalamaayi, "minas geraiz" rund vyoma grouppukale kayattaan aavashyamaayi vannu naavikasena helikopttarukal pravartthippikkumbol vyomasena ezz-2 tracker vimanam pravarthippikkunnu. thalphalamaayi, kappal thante brazilian kariyarinte bhooribhaagavum antarvaahini virudha yudhakkappalaayi pravarthichu.
1976 muthal 1981 vare kappal oru valia naveekaranathinu vidheyamaayi. ezz-kalumaayulla sahakaranm mechappeduthunnathinaayi oru daattaalink sthaapikkuka, radar suitilekkulla apdettukal, 1990-kalilekku kaariyarinte aayurdairkhyam vardhippikkunnathinulla mattu jolikal enniva ithil ulppedunnu. 1988-ll, enchin prasnangal, arjanteenaykku aavashyamaaya aadhunikavalkkaranathin dhanasahayam nalkaanulla kazhivillaayma ennivaykkoppam, "colosus" klaas carrier thuramukhathu parimithappedutthi, ithu "minas jereys" thekke american mekhalayile eaka sajeeva vimaanavaahinikkappalaakki. 1987 desemberil, "minas gerais" ennayaal thanne avarude vimana kaattapulttile prasnangal kaaranam ooppareshan draagan xxiii-yill pankedutthathinu sesham joliyil praveshippikkappettu. oru vimaanavaahinikkappalaayi pravartthikkaan kazhinjillengilum, thudarnnulla varshangalil pariseelana pariseelanangalil naavikare karayilekku kondupokunnathinu eurocopter 532 cooger, eurocopter 350 annaan helikopttarukal ennivayude oru eyar group upayogichu oru ubhayachara aakramana kappalayi eee kappal upayogichu.
"1991 juulai muthal 1993 october vare minas geraiz oru aadhunikavalkkaranathin vidheyamaayi. ithil boilerukaludeyum enchinukaludeyum naveekaranam, oru sikonda command sisttathinte samyojanam, rund puthiya naavigeshan radaarukalum skaanttar-mill landing radar sthaapichu, koodaathe uparithalathil ninnu vaayuvilekku misailukal sthaapikkunnathinulla simbad loncharukalude thayyaareduppum ulppedunnu. 1994ll thanne launcherukal sthaapikkukayum ore samayam patthu bofforukal neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu. aavashyamenkil kappalinte aayudhangalkk poorakamaayi bofforukal veendum sthaapikkaam. 1993 novemberil, carrier arjanteeniyan navikasenayumaayi samyuktha abhyasam nadatthi, avide dassault-bregute suuppar endard vimanam paratthunna arjanteeniyan pailattumaar 177 touch-aandu-goo landingukal nadatthi, avarude carrier landing yogyathakal nilanirthunnathinaayi "ventisinco dii maayo" sevanathinu puratthaayirunnu.
puratthaayirunnu 1995lum nirthalaakkiya "ventisingo dii maayo" yill ninnulla kaattapaltt ettedukkukayum sthaapikkukayum cheythathinu sesham sthira-chirakulla vimanangal pravarthippikkaanulla kazhivu "minas geraisilekku" punasthaapichu. 1997ll, deck-handlingin interface pareekshanangalkkumaayi arjanteeniyan eviyeshan neval (neval eviyeshan) "minas geraisinu" eiii-4 kyu airframe vaaypa nalki. 1999ll kuvaitt vyomasenayil ninnu 20 20 skyhokkukalum moonnu moonnu trainer vimaanangalum 70 dasalaksham dollarinu ettedukkunnathinu munbaayirunnu ithu. forza aeronaval daa marinha" (brazilian nevi eviyeshan) kku sthira-wing vimanangal swanthamaakkaanum pravarthippikkaanum anumathi nalkiyathinusesham ithaadyamaayaanu. aadyathe intersept aandu attaakk schwadronayi roopeekaricha 23 vimanangal 2000-nte thudakkathil sarveesil praveshikkukayum 2000 october avasaanathode carrier pravartthanangal aarambikkukayum cheythu. puthiya yudhavimaanangal pravarthippikkunnathinna, "minas gerais" aazhsanal dii marinha doow rioo dii janeeroyil oru pradhana naveekaranathinu vidheyamaayi. skyhokkukal vikshepikkunnathinaayi kaattapulttine naveekarikkuka ennathaayirunnu eee reefittinte pradhana lakshyam.
maattisthaapikkalum nirthalakkalum.
aasoothrithamaaya 15 varshathe naavika vipuleekarana padhathiyude bhaagamaayi 1980 kalude thudakkathilaanu "minas geraiz" maattisthaapikkaan aadyamaayi nirddeshikkappettathu. rund vyathyastha carrier designukal nirddeshikkappettu. naavika poraalikal ulppede naalpat vimanangal vare ulkkollunna 40,000 tonn bharamullah kappalaayirunnu aadyathethu. eee nirddeshathinu poorakamaayi, kuvaittil ninno israelil ninno second hand eiii-4 skyhokkukal swanthamaakki brazilian fleet eyar aarm vipuleekarikkaanulla padhathi samarppichu. ithu sambhavikkunnathin, emm. bii. yude fixed wing vimanam pravarthippikkunnathil ninnu thadanja 1965 leeii vidhi asaadhuvaakkendivannu; eee theerumaanathe fab ethirthu. vaangal moolyavathaayathaakkaan, "minas geraiz" vimanangal sarveesil praveshikkunnathuvare pravarthippikkendivar, ithinu parishkkaricha neeravi kaattapulttum arast gear sthaapikkendathundu. kappal oru aadhunikavalkkarana punarnirmmaanatthil ninnu uyarnnuvannathinaal, ithu oru chelaveria nirddeshamaayirunnu, 1984 octoberil skyhock ettedukkal padhathi raddaki. 1990 kalude avasaanathil skyhock padhathi vijayakaramaayi punaparisodhikkappettu. vaanijya nilavaaratthil nirmmicha 25,000 tonn bharamullah helikopttar kaariyarinullathaayirunnu randaamathe nirddesham. eee nirddeshathinte pilkkala vyaakhyaanangal royal neviyude samanamaaya oru kappal nirddeshichu.
1999 aayappozhekkum "minas geraiz" maattisthaapikkunnath gauravamaaya pariganayilaayirunnu; niravadhi refittukalum ayuss vardhippikkunna naveekaranangalum undaayirunnittum, 2010 nuu munbu carrierinu pakaram vaykkendathundennu emby pravachichu. athupole thanne rund nirddeshangalum, franch naavikasena polulla oru second hand carrier svanthamaakkunnathinu pariganana nalki. 1990 kalude avasaanathil sthira-wing eviyeshanil emm. bii. yude ganyamaaya nikshepamaayirunnu pakarakkaarane pariganikkunnathinulla pradhana prashnangalilonn; aduthide ettedutha skyhokkukal pravarthippikkaan kazhivulla oru carrier oru stool allengil helikopttar kaariyarinekkal vaangunnathinum pravarthippikkunnathinum kooduthal chelaveriyathaayirikkum, ennaal vilakuranja aashayangalkk brazilian naavika vyomayaanathinte refactoring aavasyamaanu. oduvil, "foach" ettedukkukayum, neey "saavo pooloo" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum, 2001 eprilil "marinha doow braasilil" kammeeshan cheyyappedukayum cheythu. avar pirichuvidunnathinumbu 2001 ll avar oru helikopttar support kappalayi tharamthaazhthappettu.
"minas gerais" 2001 october 16 nuu nirthalaakkappettu randaam lokamahaayudhakaalathe laitt aircraft carrierukalil randaamathethu muthal avasaanatheth vare sevanam upekshichu, mattonn 1959-kammeeshan cheytha (munpu) aayirunnu, ithu yudhasamayathu oordar cheythirunnuvenkilum poorthiyaayittilla, 2017 ll nirthalaakkunnathuvare lokathile ettavum pazhaya vimaanavaahinikkappalaayinu. avar nirthalaakkunna samayat, lokathile randaamathe ettavum pazhaya sajeeva vimaanavaahinikkappalaayinu (1961-kammeeshan cheythathinu oru padavi kaimari). vimaanavaahinikkappalinte aadya kamaandaraayirunna 87 kaaranaya admiral helio leonsio martins pirichuvidal chadangil pankedutthu. vyathyastha samayangalil minas geraikalil sevanamanushticha crewe undaayirunnu. 2002ll vilppanaykku vachirunna eee kappal, aavashyamaaya panam swaroopikkaan kazhinjillengilum britiish naavika associationukal yunaittad kingdatthilekku madangaanum museum kappalayi samrakshikkanum aavasyappettu. 2003-leeii chrismasinu thottumunbu, udamaye prathinidheekarikkunna oru ship broker aanennu avakaashappedunna oru upayokthaav lela websaittaaya ibeyil vilppanaykku pattikapedutthi. sainika aayudhangalude vilppana thadayunna niyamangal prakaram lelam websaittil ninnu neekkam cheiyunnathinumumbu lelam 4 dasalaksham poundiletthi. 2004 februvariyil rioo dii janeeroyil nadanna lelathilum kappal vilkkunnathil parajayappettu. 2004 februveric joolaiykkum idayil, polikkunnathinaayi carrierine indiayile alamgile kappal thakarkkunna yardilekku kondupoyi.

