
grammond, howt-soonn

kizhakkan fraansile borgogne-franche-komte mekhalayile howt-soonn vakuppile oru kammyoon aanu grammond ().
bhoomishaasthram.
grammond sthithi cheiyunnathu borgogne-franche-komettinu vadakku, willersexil ninnu 10 kilometerum laa 'aisle-surr-leeii-daubsil ninnu 10 kilometerum akaleyaan. valia" enna visheshanathinteyum "moundu" enna perinteyum samyojanamaanu graamatthinte peru.
graammondinte sharashari uyaram 350 meteraanu.
1789leeii franch viplavasamayathu 374 nivaasikalum luis-philipp raajaavinte bharanakaalathu 422 nivaasikalumaayirunnu graamathilullathu. 2013 februvariyile kanakkanusarichu graamatthil 63 nivaasikal maathramaan pradhaanamaayum krishiyil earppettirunnathu. 2007ll 1974ll ithu kuranju.
bhoomishaasthram.
kammyoonal eriya keyupperiyan coalfield howt-soonn (ithu 1778 muthal 1865 vare pravarthichirunna kanseshan melesiyude bhagamaanu), koodaathe tortian theeyathikku hoott-soninte oayil sheyil nikshepam ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
charithram.
1308ll gyott randaaman ("grammond gyott randaaman") ivide oru kotta nirmmichu. kaundu renode dii montbeliardinu aadaranjaliyaayirunnu addeham. 1474 november 13 nuu hericourt yudhathinu sesham swis kotta uparodhikkukayum pidichedukkukayum kathikkukayum bhaagikamaayi thakarkkukayum cheythu.
1657 march 10 leeii lettezhs pettant prakaram, paarlament dolile (juura) oonarari naittaya claude-francois dii grammontinu anukoolamaayi grammond bhoomi kaundiyil sthaapichu. 1674ll besancon pidicheduttha sesham, luis pathinaraman franche-koomett, grammond kottakal takarkkaan addehathe nirbandhichu. 1699 muthal, raie kudumbatthil ninnulla willersexal kotta kudumbatthinte puthiya thaamasasthalamaayirunnu.
1841ll graammondil 422 nivaasikalundaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, chaloon-surr-soonum grammond rund valia kizhakkan kuthira melakalaayirunnu, randaamathethil shradha kendreekarichu, athu prathivarsham 400-ll ninnu 800 echpi aayi. beljian, itaaliyan sainyangal chilappol kuthirakalkkayi avarude peerankikalilekku avide pooyi; eee sainyathile varanmaar avare kaalnadayaayi steshan willer eksalilekku kondupoyi. chillara vyapaarikal pathivayi avide pookaarundaayirunnu. thudarnnu onnaam lokamahaayudham vannu, pakarchavyaadhiyaaya anaemiya kuthira attin koottatthe nashippichu. kovarkazhuthakal avaykku pakaram vannu; avar pashukkale polum upayogichu.
graammondil, irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, theevramaaya joliyude kaalaghattangalumaayi (uzhuthumarikkunnathum pullu nirmmikkunnathum) poruthappedunna meela upakaranangalum vithukalum aprathyakshamaayi. pollayaya kaalaghattatthil kuthirasambi shaithyakaalathinte avasaanathil aayirikkanulla ellah kaaranangalum nilanirtthi, athinaal pazhanchollu "graammondile melaykku sesham oats vithaykkunnu."
russian munnaniyude aavasyangalkkaayi jarmman sainyathinte valia aavasyangalulla kuthirappaarkk randaam lokamahaayudhathinu kaaranamaayi.
1976ll graammondile janangal melayil randaam thavana pankedutthu athine graameenalokathinu oru prathyeka othucheral sthalamaakki maatti.
vaarshika meela.
februvariyile avasana shaniyazhchayaanu graammondinte vaarshika meela nadakkunnathu. 1502 muthalulla 500 varshathe paarambaryamulla eee melayil kaarshika upakaranangaludeyum kaarshika mrugangaludeyum pradarshanangal, sangeetha prakadanangal, praadeshika uthppannangalude vipani enniva ulppedunnu.
heraldry.
graammondinte kottu oof ams oru "asur three kween busts niravum manal mudiyum swarnna kireedavumaanu."
janasamkhya.
2017ll grammond kammyoonil 66 nivaasikalundaayirunnu. 1841ll graammondile janasamkhya 422 aayi uyarnnu, athinusesham athu kuranju.