
smeed report

1962num 1964num idayil yuu. keey. sarkkar kammeeshan cheytha rooad upayogathinaayi charge cheiyunnathinulla badal reethikalekkurichulla oru padanamaayirunnu smeed report (rooad prisinga dhii economic aandu technical poticipilities). jeey. smeed. rooad vilanirnayathinulla yogyathayillaatha shupaarshayil ninnu report pinmaariyenkilum tirakkeriya rooad shringalakalkulla tirakk vilanirnnayathe pinthunachu.
team.
aarr aanu teamine nayichathu. jeey. britiish rooad research laboratariyude (rrl) deputy director smeedle 11 saambathika vidagtharum enchineeyarmaarum ulppedunnu, avayil iva ulppedunnu
pashchaathalam.
1933 muthal rooad, reyil gathaagathathekkurichulla uppuvella reportine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu akkaalat pravarthichirunna nikuthi sambradaayam.
nigamanangal.
rooad upayokthaav mattullavarkk chumathunna chelavukal nalkanam" ennathaayirunnu thaazhepparayunna thathwangal
pravarthanaparamaaya aavasyakathakal inipparayunnavayaayirikkanam
tirakkeriya gathagatham vegathilaakkunnathinte phalam raajyathinte sambadvyavasthaykku prathivarsham 100-150 milyan poundu gunam cheiyumennu soochippikkunna samoolamaaya padanatthinte phalangal annathe gathagatha manthraalayathil report cheyyappettu. sarkkaarin angane cheyyaanulla ichhaashakthiyundenkil" rooad upayogathinte meteringiloode charge eedaakkikkond kaar upayokthru niyanthrana thanthrangal adichelppikkunnathu saadhyavum praayogikavumaanu.
charging sonukal avayude athirthikalile vyakthamaaya adayaalangalaal thirichariyappedum; iva vaidyuthamaayirikkaam, athinaal divasathinte vividha samayangalil mattaam. akkaalat praabalyatthil undaayirunna charge nirakk soochippikkunnathino allengil vyathyastha charging sonukal arikil nilanilkkaan anuvadikkunnathino oru lalithamaaya deseeya kalar-coded skeem upayogikkaam.
rooad leauttu roopakalppana cheyyaathathum toll boothukalkko toll plaasakalkko aavashyamaaya bhoomiyum polikkunnathum asveekaaryamaayathumaaya nagara kendrangalil parambaraagatha toll shekharana reethikal praayogikamaakillenn avar thiricharinju.
pakaram, vaahanathinte vidoora wireless automatic identification vazhiyo allengil driving chaarjukalum parking tracuchaian kazhiyunna vahanathinullil gadippichirikkunna oru meter vazhiyo niyanthrikkunna dainamdina licenses samvidaanathiloode charge cheiyunnathinekkurichu avar anweshichu.
akkaalat labhyamaya saankethikavidya pole, eathu baahya recording samvidaanathinum tracking, book keeping ennivaykku chelaveria upakaranangal aavashyamaayi varumennum avar track cheytha vahana upayokthaakkalude svakaaryathaye bheeshanippeduthumennum avar kaarinullil oru krithrima-proof credit allengil pree-payment meter shupaarsha cheythu. charging sonukal sweekarikkaan thiranjeduttha eathu britiish sitti sentarilum orotta metering samvidaanam upayogikkaam.
rooad vilanirnnayathil ninnulla saambathika nettatthinte ettavum valia bhagam tirakk ozhivaakkunnathilalla, marichu shekharicha varumaanathilaanennu kaanikkunna oru saambathika vishakalanavum undaayirunnu, athu varumanam upayogikkumbol maathrame purathuvarikayulloo. thudarnnulla vaadangalil, atharamoru padhathiyil ninnulla panam upayogikkunnathiloode undaakunna nanma palappozhum vaahanamodikkunnavarkku chumathunna niyanthranangaleyum shikshakaleyum kurichulla kaazhchappaadukal marachuvechu.
prathikaranangal.
report kammeeshan cheytha mcmillan sarkkar avyakthathayode sweekarichu 1964 juunil mantraalayam report cheythath athinte prathyaaghaathangal aadyam padikkendathundennum athinaal sarkkar "oru tharatthilum eee tharatthilulla niyanthranathinu prathijnjaabadhamalla" ennum. thudakkathil muzhuvan report pothujanagalkk munnil avatharippikkunnath thadanjunirthukayum athu pariganikkaan samayamedukkukayum cheythu. njangal veendum thiranjedukkappettaal inii orikkalum ithupoloru patanam aarambhikkillenn prathijnjayedukkaan" pradhaanamantri sarr alak dougless-hoome nirddeshichathaayi abhyoohamundaayirunnu.
sambhavangal ettedukkukayum 1964lum 1966lum gathagatham oru pradhana thiranjeduppu vishayamaayi rund thiranjeduppukal nadakkukayum cheythu, athinte falamaayi gathagatha manthriyaayi barbera kottayumaayi oru puthiya vilson sarkkar roopeekarikkappettu. vegatha paridhikalum breath analyserukalum polulla rrl anweshikkunna annathe vivaadaparamaaya niravadhi suraksha ashayangal niyamathilekku konduvaraan bhooripaksham avare praaptharakki. smeed report anusarichu rooad vilanirnnayathinte vakthavaayi avar prathyakshappedukayum puthiya nagara motorvekalude nirmmaanam "svayam paraajayappedutthunna" kaaryamaanennu parasyamaayi vimarsikkukayum yuu. ezz. sittikalude paryadanatthil yukeyude bhaavi nagara rooad nirmmaana paripadiye mandagathiyilaakkukayum cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, atharamoru padhathi sthaapikkunnathinu aavashyamaaya rashtreeya ichhaashakthi illaathaakunnathaayi thonni, mantri kooduthal saadhyataa reportukal abhyarthichathinaal yukeyil prathibaddhatha kuranju, 1970 ll sarkkar maarukayum padhathi phalapradamaayi illaathaavukayum cheythu.
smeed kammitti amgangal ithinakam thanne niraasharaayi munnott pooyi. 1966-ll smeed yooniversitti koleju landanil (ucl) traaphik stadees professoraayi niyamikkappedukayum traaphik stadeesil annathe gaveshana samgham roopeekarikkukayum cheythu, ithu yooniversitti oof lunden sentar phoor transport stadeesinullil uclil gathagatha padanatthinulla ippozhathe kendramaayi maari. samaantharavum ardha-malsaraparavumaaya kammittiyude adhyakshanaya professor sarr collin buchanan 1963ll imperial collegil transport professoraayi oru sthaanam etteduthu. reportinte rachayithaakkalil oralaaya roht, nikshepam uyarthunna samvidaanathil ninnu vilanirnaya padhathikku kaalathamasavum parivartthanavum choondikkaatti 1967ll loka baankil cheraan raajyam vittu.
paarambaryamaayi.
1965ll saambathika shaasthranjayaaya mouris alays eee pravartthanatthe thudarnnu europile rodukalilum reyilveyilum udaneelam swatantra vipani shakthikalude pravartthanam anuvadikkunnathinu reyil, rooad svakaaryavalkkaranathinu shupaarsha cheytha oru report, 1992ll thante munpulla vishakalanam punaravalokanam cheyyaan rohtine prothsaahippicha aadam smith instittyoott ennivar chernnu smeed report mattidangalil swaadheenamullathaayi thudarnnu, "tirakkeriya rodukalude upayogathinu charge eedaakkuka enna ashayam ippozhum amithamaya sensitiivu aanu, pala raashtreeyakkaarum eee vishayam padanaparamaayi ozhivaakkunnu."
lokabaankinte tirakk prasnangal roht vishakalanam cheythathinushesham, 1975ll athinte aadyathe niyantritha mekhala avatharippichukondu smeed reportil aadyam thiricharinja pala ashayangalum singapur sweekarichu. express haivekalilum gatewakeliloodeyum kendra bisinus jillayilekkulla variable electronic rooad vilanirnaya ghadana upayogikkunnu. tirakk kuraykkuka, pothugathagatham, kaar pooling, tirakk kuranja badal roottukal, yaathrayude vyathyastha samayangal ennivayude upayogam prolsaahippikkuka ennivayaanu ithu lakshyamidunnathu.
1990 muthal norwayile oosloo nagara madhyathil oru corden adhishtitha charging padhathiyum pravarthikkunnundu. ennirunnaalum, ithu smeedinte padhathiyil ninnu chila pradhana kaaryangalil vyathyasthamaan, kaaranam ithu toll boothukalulla 19 wireless autopas praapthamakkiya entripvaayantukalude samvidaanathe aasrayikkunnu, ithu oru kanjashan charjayi roopakalppana cheythitilla. pakaram, puthiya roadukalkkum pothugathaagathatthinum aadyam panam nalkunnathinulla oru saangalppika nikuthi allengil fund shekharana samvidaanamaanithu.
2002 vare brittanil eee thathwam veendum amgeekarikkappettu, aadya padhathikal durhamil pinneedu landanilum nadappakkaan anuvadikkunna niyamanirmmanam pasaki, oru deseeya rooad vilanirnaya samvidaanam pariganichu.
kooduthal roadukal nirmmikkumbol eee roadukalil niraykkaan kooduthal gathagathakkurukku undaakumenna nireekshanam roopappeduthaan levikal, mogridj thudangiyavarude gaveshanangalkk kazhinju. vardhichuvarunna gathaagathatthinte drishyamaaya falangalumaayi samyojippichu, ithu chaarjinginte puthiya reethikal avatharippikkunnath pariganikkunna boudhika vaadam vikasippichu.

