
lydia koidula

lydia emily florentine jansen (-), lydia koidula enna thoolikaanaamathil ariyappedunna oru eestoniyan kavayitriyaayirunnu. avalude sobrikkatt ennaal estonian bhashayil 'prabhaathatthinte lydia' ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu. ezhuthukaaranaaya kaal roobert jacobsonanu ithu avarkk nalkiyathu. avale palappozhum "coidululic"-'prabhaathatthinte gaayika' ennum vilikkunnu.
europile mattidangaleppole estoniyayilum pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil manyayaaya oru yuvaavin ezhuthu anuyojyamaaya oru thozhilaayi kanakkakkiyirunnilla. koydulayude kavithakalum avarude janakeeyanaaya pithaav johann woldmer jansenu vendiyulla avarude pathrapravartthanangalum anjjaathamaayi thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, avar oru pradhana saahitya vyakthiyum, eestoniyan naadakavediyude sthaapakayumaayirunnu, koodaathe swaadheenamulla theevravaadi, friedrich rehold cruitswald (1803-1882), eestoniyan deseeya ithihaasamaaya "calevipoig" ("kaalevinte makan") enna kruthiyude rachayithavaaya kaal roobert jacobsonumaayi (1841-1882) adutha bandham pulartthiyirunnu. kaalakramena, avar estoniyayile deseeya kaviyude padavi nedi.
jeevacharitram.
estoniyayile vaandrayilaanu (fennern) lydia jaansan janichathu. 1850-ll kudumbam aduthulla kaundi pattanamaya paarnuvilekku (pernau) thamasam maari, avide 1857-ll avalude pithaav aadyathe praadeshika eestoniyan bhasha pathram aarambhichu, avide lydia jarmman bhasha vyaakarana schoolil chernnu. 1864ll jansense yooniversitti tounaaya tartuvilekku (dorpath) thamasam maari. thaddesheeya bhashakalil prasidheekarikkunnathakkam eathu tharatthilulla desheeyathayudeyum aavishkaaram russian saamraajyathil oru sensitiivu vishayamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum saar alexander randaamante (1855-1881) bharanam thaarathamyena udaaramaayirunnu, 1864ll raajyavyaapakamaayi vitharanam cheyyappetta aadyathe estonian bhasha pathram prasidheekarikkaan anuvadikkunnathinu saamraajyathva sensarshippine prerippikkaan jansenu kazhinju. paarnu local, deseeya pathrangale "postmees" ("corrier") ennu vilichirunnu. lydia swantham kruthikal prasidheekarikkunnathinni rund pathrangalilum pithavinaayi ezhuthi. 1873-ll avar oru sainika doktaraaya edward michelsonine vivaham kazhikkukayum kronstaadtilekku (sent. peettezhsburg). 1876-78 ll mishelsons breslau, strasburg, vienna enniva sandarshichu. koidula 13 varsham kronstaadil thaamasichu, aaa samayat aval venalkkaalam estoniyayil chelavazhikkumenkilum, avalkk orikkalum aswasthatha anubhavappedunnathu avasaanippichillennu reportund. lydia koidula moonnu kuttikalude ammayaayirunnu. 1886 august 11nuu stanarbudam baadhichu avar marichu. avarude avasana kavita "enne surma-eesttimaale!" aayirunnu."(" maranathinu munbu, estoniayilekku!").
jolie cheiyunnu.
koydulayude ettavum pradhanappetta kruthiyaaya "emajo obik" ("emajogi nadiyude naittingel") 1867-ll prasidheekarikkappettu. moonnu varsham munbu, 1864-ll, oru karshakanaya aadam peettezhsanum, sent peettezhsbargil thamasikkunna oru fashion estoniyan chhaayaachithrakaaranaaya johann collar, baltic pravishyakal bharichirunna jarmman bhoovudamakalil ninnu mikacha perumaattathinaayi, samathvam, secondary, unnatha vidyaabhyaasa bhasha jarmman bhaashaykk pakaram estoniyan aayirikkanamenn chakravarty sameepichirunnu. thottupinnaale avare poleesinte aduthekku kondupoyi, avide 'thettaaya vivarangal ulppeduthukayum samsthaanathinethire nirddeshikkukayum cheytha' oru harjiyekkurich avare chodyam cheythu. aadam peettezhsan oru varshathe thadavinu sikshikkappettu. rund varshathinu sesham, 1866-ll, koydulayude pithaavin "postmeysukal" aarambikkaan oru maarggam nalkia 1855-leeii sensorship parishkaarangal pinvalikkapettu. prasidheekaranathinu munbulla sensorship veendum earppeduthukayum saahitya swaathanthryam vettikkuraykkukayum cheythu. koidula prasidheekarikkaan thudangiyappol raashtreeyavum saahityaparavumaaya anthareeksham ithaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1816-ll adimathathil ninnu mochitharaaya eestoniyan janathaykku desheeyathayil abhimaanabodham anubhavappedaanum svayam nirnnayathinaayi agrahikkaanum thudangiya deseeya unarvinte samayam koodiyaayirunnu athu. eee abhilaashangalude ettavum vyakthathayulla shabdamaayirunnu koidula.
koydulayude kruthikalil jarmman swaadheenam ozhivaakkaanaavaathathaayirunu. 13-aamm noottaand muthal jarmman, poolish, sweedish, russian bharanathiludaneelam baltic jarmmankaar eee mekhalayil aadhipathyam nilanirtthiyirunnu, athinaal pathonpathaam noottaandil jarmman tution bhashayum budhijeevikalude bhashayumaayirunnu. avalude pithaavineppole (akkaalathe matellaa eestoniyan ezhuthukaareyum pole) koidula vaikarikamaaya jarmman gadyam, kavita, naadakam enniva vivarthanam cheyyukayum bidermear prasthaanatthinu oru prathyeka swaadheenavumundu. 1815 muthal 1848 vare europe bhookhandathile 'boorshwa' kalayil aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna oru shailiyaaya beadermear, neppoliyante paraajayathetthudarnnu viplava ashayangal adichamarthappettathinte pashchaathalatthil vikasichu. athu lalithavum anukambayillaathathum idaya pranayaathmakathayude savisheshathayumaayirunnu; veedu, kudumbam, matham, grameena jeevithathinte ramgangal ennivayaayirunnu athinte prameyangal. koydulayude aadyakaala "vyarthamaaya" ("pulmedukalude pookkal"; 1866) theerchayaayum aadyakaala-beadermear aayirunnu, ennaal avayodulla avalude athilolavum maadhuryapoornavumaaya perumaattam oru tharatthilum naadantho naveenaatheethamo aayirunnilla, "imajo obik" enna desasnehaparamaaya ozhukkukalil ithu prakadamaanu. estonian janathayude charitraparamaaya adimathathodu vyakthiparamaaya apamaanamaayi koidula prathikarichu; adimathathekkurichum adimathathinte nukathekkurichum vyakthiparamaaya anubhavathil ninnu varunnathupole avar samsaarichu. 1860kalil deseeya unarvu undaakumbozhekkum 600 varshathilereyaayi danish, jarmman, sweedish, poolish, russian ennee videsashakthikalaanu estoniya bharichirunnathu. eee pashchaathalatthil, raashtrathinte vidhiyil thante pankinekkurichu avar bodhavaanmaaraayirunnu. orikkal avar oru finnish lekhakanu ezhuthi "oru vyakthikk yadhaarthathil charithram srishtikkaan kazhiyunna valia samayangalil cheruthaakunnath oru paapamaan, oru valia paapamaan".
cruitswald aarambhicha eestoniyan saahitya paarambaryam koydulayil thudarnnu, ennaal "bard oof veeru" purathana eestoniyan naadodi paarambaryangale anukarikkaan shramichappol, coidula aadhunika, padinjaaran europian end-riming meterukalil (kooduthalum) pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathode prabalamaaya roopamaayi maari. ithu koidulayude kavithaye janapriya vaayanakkaarkk kooduthal prapyamaakki. ennaal koydulayude pradhana praadhaanyam avalude ishtappetta padhya roopathilalla, marichu estonian bhaashayude sakthamaaya upayogathilaanu. 1860kalil jarmman aadipathyamulla russian saamraajyathvathile baltic pravisyayil adichamarthappetta thaddesheeya karshakarude bhashayaayirunnu estoniyan. vidyaabhyaasa vidagthareyo mathagrandhangaleyo samrakshikkunnathino karshakarkkulla praayogika upadesham nalkunnathino allengil vilakuranjathum santhoshakaravumaaya janapriya kathaparachilino ippozhum pradhaanamaayum upayogikkunna ithu ippozhum aksharashaasthraparamaaya kalahathinte vishayamaayirunnu. kudumba poochayekkurichulla vaalsalyamulla kavita muthal "meyy kaas" ("njangalude poocha"), athilolamaaya pranaya kavita, "head oodu" ("good naitt") muthal sakthamaaya "krii dii koyur" vareyum adichamarthappetta oru raajyathekkulla ralling viliyaaya "muu isama naad ol matnud" ("ente raajyam, avar ningale kuzhichumoodiyittundu") vareyum vikarangal prakadippikkaan koidula praadeshika bhasha vijayakaramaayi upayogichu. lydia koydulayude abhipraayathil, estonian bhasha ashayavinimayathinulla oru avikasita upakaranamaanenna colonial kaazhchappaad aadyamaayi prakadamaayi virudhamaayirunnu.
naadakam.
1865 ll tartuvile jansons aarambhicha tartuvile tartuvile samskaarathe prolsaahippikkunnathi aarambhicha oru samoohamaaya vanemuine sosaittiyile (estoniyan "vanemuse selts") naadaka pravarthanangaliloode koidula "estoniyan naadakavediyude sthaapaka" maayi kanakkakkunnu. estonian bhashayil yadhaartha naadakangal ezhuthukayum steju direction, production ennivayude praayogikathakal abhisambodhana cheyyukayum cheytha aadya vyakthiyaan lydia. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil taalinnile jarmman naadakavediyil chila eestoniyan edavelakal undaayirunnittum, naadakatthe oru maadhyamamaayi vilamathichirunnilla, koodaathe cruitswald rund padhya duranthangal vivarthanam cheythittundenkilum kurachu ezhuthukaar naadakatthe oru anantharafalamaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. 1860 kalude avasaanathil, estoniyakkaarum finz avarude maathrubhaashayil prakadanangal vikasippikkaan thudangi, thudarnnu koidula, 1870 ll vanemuin samoohathinaayi "saarema onupogu" ("saaremayil ninnulla cussin") enna komadi ezhuthukayum samvidaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. theoder cornerude (1791-1813) prahasanamaaya "derr vettar oos bremen" ("bremenil ninnulla cussin") oru eestoniyan saahacharyavumayi poruthappettu. kathaapaathravalkkaranam adisthaanaparavum ithivritham lalithavumaayirunnu, pakshe athu janapriyamaayirunnu, koodaathe koidula "maarett jaa mina" ("cosjacassed"; "dhii betrothal birchukal", 1870), avarude swantham srishtiyaaya "saaran mulk" ("enthoru bumpkin!"). naadakathodulla koydulayude manobhaavathe swaadheenichathu "ersihang dess menshencheshlekts" ("manushyaraashiyude vidyaabhyaasam"; 1780) enna grandhatthinte rachayithavaaya thathwachinthakanum naadakakrithum niroopakanumaaya gothold ephraim lessing (1729-1781) aanu. avarude naadakangal upadeshaparavum janakeeya vidyaabhyaasathinulla oru vaahanavumaayirunnu. pariseelanam labhikkatha, amachwar abhinethaakkalum purushanmaar avatharippikkunna sthreekalum-koidulayude naadaka vibhavangal kuravaayirunnu-ennaal avarude samakaalikare aakarshicha gunangal vishwasaneeyamaaya kathaapaathrangaludeyum samakaalika saahacharyangalekkurichulla arivukaludeyum oru galleryaayirunnu.
aadyathe eestoniyan gaanamelayil, 1869-ll, eestoniyan vamshangalude oru pradhana raali paripaadiyil, lydia koydulayude varikalkoppam rund kavithakal sangeetha sajjamakki "sind surmani" ("maranam vare"), "muu isama oonn minu aam" ("ente raajyam ente sneham"), soviyatt adhiniveshakaalathu anaudyogika gaanamaayi maariyappol avalude pithaavinte "muu isama, muu nuun jaa roome" ("ente raajyam ente abhimaanavum santhoshavumaanu"), 1921 num 1940 num idayil eestoniyan republicinte deseeyagaanam nirodhichu. kaidulayude gaanam ellaayppozhum ellah uthsavangalum anuvaadathodeyo anumathiyillatheyo avasaanippikkunnu. eee paarambaryam innum nilanilkkunnu.
lydia koydulayude memorial museum.
paarnu myoosiyathinte oru shaakhayaaya museum pathonpathaam noottaandile estoniyan deseeya unarvu kaalaghattatthile pradhana vyakthikalaaya kavi lydia koydulayudeyum avalude pithaav johann woldmer jaansenteyum (estoniyan desheeyagaanathinte rachayithaav) jeevithatheyum pravarthanangaleyum kurichulla oru avalokanam nalkunnu.
paarnu ulejo school housilaanu koidula museum sthithi cheiyunnathu. 1850ll nirmmicha eee kettidatthinu savisheshamaaya oru akathalamundu. 1863 vare johann woldmer jaansante vasatiyum perno postmeys pathratthinte edittoriyal offeesum ayirunna ithu ippol oru charitra smaarakamaayi samrakshikkappedunnu. jaansante mootha makalaaya kavi lydia koidula aaa veettilaanu valarnnathu. koydulayudeyum jaansenteyum oormmakal sajeevamaayi nilanirthukayum sthiramaaya pradarshanatthiloode estoniyayile deseeya unarvinte kaalaghattatthinte pashchaathalatthil avarude jeevithavum pravartthanavum parichayappedutthukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu myoosiyathinte pradhana dauthyam.
kuningayudeyum luna streettinteyum moolayil victoria hotelinte charitraparamaaya kettidatthinadutthaayi paarnu nagarakendrathil lydia koydulayude oru smaarakamund. 1929-leeii eee smaarakam estoniyan shilpi amandus adamsante avasaanathe kruthiyaanu. oduvil avar euroic munbulla 100 krooni nottil undaayirunnu.

