dadvasi

franch "loyi relative aou droit dii outtiyar ettu ooks droits voisins dance laa sosaitti dii ell information" (engleeshil "ezhuthukaarude avakashangaleyum vivara samoohathile anubandha avakashangaleyum kurichulla niyamam") ennathinte churukkapperaan loyi dadvisi (saadhaaranayaayi "daddy" ennu ucharikkappedunnu). ithu franch pakarppavakasha niyamathe parishkarikkunna oru billaanu, kooduthalum 2001 information sosaitti nirddesham nadappilakkunnathinaayi, athu 1996 leeii vaipo udambadi nadappaakkunnu.
thudakkathil valare saankethikavum sharashari vyakthiye baadhikkaathathumaaya eee niyamam thallikkalanjenkilum, 2005 desemberinum 2006 juun juun idayil franch paarlament parishodhichappol, oduvil irusabhakalum vottu cheythappol ithu ganyamaaya vivaadangal srishtichu.
piyar-tuu-piyar nettvarkkukaliloode pakarppavakashamulla kruthikal kaimaarunnathilum digital raitts maanejment (dii. aarr. emm) samrakshana nadapadikale lamghikkunnathu kriminalvalkkarikkunnathu billinte bhooribhaagavum shradha kendreekarichu. kalaasrishtikalude punarvilppanaykkulla avakashangal, sarkkar jeevanakkar nirmmikkunna srishtikalude pakarppavakasham, vidyaabhyaasathinum bhinnasheshikkaarkkumulla pakarppavakasham enniva ulppede pakarppavakashavumaayi bandhapetta mattu karyangal mattu vibhagangal kaikaaryam cheythu.
swatantra softweyarine ganyamaayi thadassappeduthumennum swakaarya upayogathinaayi pakarppavakashamulla kruthikalude pakarppukal nirmmikkanulla avakaashathe ganyamaayi niyanthrikkumennum bhayann fraansil eee niyamam vivaadamaayirunnu.
yadhaartha pathippil illaatha billile chila bhedagathikalkku nirmmathaakkal avarude udamasthaavakaasha digital music formaattukal mattu software davalapparmaarumaayi pankidendathundu (paraspara pravarthanakshamathaykku aavashyamaaya documentation nalkendathinte aavashyakathayiloode). ekkaaranathaal, apple computer anubandha us vyavasaya grouppukalum thammil oru vivaadam uyarnnu, avar us pathrangalil urakke prathishedhichu; athinaal, dadvisi billine chilappol engleesh bhasha pathrangalil aityoons niyamam allengil ipod niyamam ennu vilichirunnu ("interoperabilityum apple vivaadavum" kaanuka), fraansil eee niyamam eee reethiyil paraamarshikkunnillenkum.
niyamaparamaaya pashchaathalam.
dadvisi niyamatthinte thalakkett "droit dii auttyoor ettu droits voisins" (rachayithaakkalude avakashangalum anubandha avakashangalum) ennaanu soochippikkunnathu. franch niyamathil rachayithaakkalude avakaashangalkk rund gadakangalunda
pakarppavakaashathekkurichu bernn kanvenshanil eee ashayam prathifalikkunnu.
"pakarppavakasham" oru anubandha aashayamaanu, pakshe anglo-american pothu niyamavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu; oru sradheyamaaya vyathyasam pakarppavakaashatthil saadhaaranayaayi dhaarmika avakashangal ulppedunnilla ennathaanu.
ezhuthukaarude avakashangalum anubandha avakashangalum niyanthrikkunna niyamaparamaaya vyavasthakal franch boudhika swathavakaasha niyamatthinte (sii. pii. aii) aadya pusthakamaanu. eee lekhanam eee codil ninnulla lekhanangale sii. pii. aii. ell "enn. enn. enn" ennu paraamarsikkum.
rachayithaav' enna ashayam (samgeethathinte), naadakakrithu, chithrakaaran, photographer muthalaayavarilekku vyaapikkunnu.samrakshikkappedunnathina kruthi yadhaarthamaayirikkanam (allengil oru nirmmitha kruthiyude kaaryatthil chila anubandha moulikatha kaanikkanam) ennu niyamam nirbandhikkunnu. praayogikamaayi ezhuthukaar palappozhum thangalude avakashangal prasaadhakarkk vittukodukkunnu, avar "prathyeka avakasham" nadappilaakkukayum chilar avarkkuvendi avarude avakashangal nadappilaakkunna samoohangalile amgangalaavukayum cheiyunnu. mikkavarum ellaavarum shaasthrathile amgangalaaya gaanarachayithavinteyum samgeethasamvidhaayakarudeyum kaaryatthil randaamathethu "yadhaarthathil" mikkavarum nirbandhamaanu.
audiyo recordingukalude kalakaaranmaarum prasadhakarkkum "anubandha avakashangal" aasvadikkunnu. iva vyathyastha niyamangal palikkukayum rachayithaakkalude avakaashangalekkaal kuranja kaalayalavullavayumaanu. praayogikamaayi, kalakaaranmaar palappozhum avarude avakashangal prasaadhakarkk vittukodukkukayo samoohangal avaa nadappaakkukayo cheiyunnu.
rachayithaavinte eakaavakaasham samboornnamalla. vaipo udambadikal anusarichu, eee ozhivaakkalukal "moonnu ghatta pareekshanam" niravettukayaanenkil maathrame praadeshika niyamanirmmanam prathyeka pakarppavakaashathinu ozhivaakkalukal varuthaan kazhiyoo parimithikalum ozhivaakkalukalum
udaaharanathinu, pakarppavakasha udambadikale sambandhichidatholam "nyayamaaya upayogam" enna us sidhaantham nyaayeekarikkappedunnath inganeyaanu. inganeyaanu europian pakarppavakasha nirddesham, amgaraajyangalkku nadappaakkaano vendayo ennu thiranjedukkaan kazhiyunna pakarppavakaashathinu 10 ozhivaakkalukalude oru pattika nirddeshikkunnu, koodaathe nadappaakkal nirbandhamaanu (ithu web kaashukaleyum samanamaaya samvidaanangaleyum abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinaayi thaalkkaalika saankethika pakarppukalkk oru apavaadamaanu).
franch niyamathile pakarppavakaashathinulla ozhivaakkalukal sii. pii. aii. ell <aii. dii. 1> ll nirvachichirikkunnu. avayil swakaarya pakarppukalkulla sradheyamaaya apavaadamaanu franch nivaasikalkk avarude swakaarya upayogathinaayi (software ozhike) srishtikalude pakarppukal swathanthramaayi nirmmikkanum pakarppavakasha udamayude kararillathe avarude kudumba vrithathinullil (suhruthukkale ulppeduthunnathaayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu) aaa srishtikal swathanthramaayi pradarshippikkaanum kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, franch niyamathil pakarppavakasha udamakalude nashtam pariharikkunnathinayi "swakaarya pakarppukalkulla nikuthi" ulppedunnu; eee nikuthi blank mediaykku (audiyo, viidiyoo kaasattukal, sidi, dividikal, portable media playerukalile memory, haard driveukal) chumathunnu. saadhaaranayaayi nikuthi franch paarlamentinte prathyekaavakaashamaaya niyamanirmmaanathinaayi neekkivachirikkunnavi eee nikuthiyude nirakkukalum vyavasthakalum nischayikkaan oru staattyoott oru adhock kammeeshane nalki.
europian union amgaraajyangalil europian nirddeshangal saadhaaranayaayi nerittu nadappakkaan kazhiyilla. avaa aadyam praadeshika niyamathilekku mattanam, saadhaaranayaayi amgaraajyathinte niyamanirmmaanasabhayude oru niyamathiloode. avar oru pothu chattakkood nalkukayum chila oopshanukal adichelppikkukayum cheyyumbol avarkk kaaryamaaya avasaram nalkaam udaaharanathinu, yuu. sii. diyude kaaryatthil, nirddesham "oopshanal" pakarppavakasha ozhivaakkalukalude oru listt nalkunnu, koodaathe uchithamaaya samrakshanam enthaanennu nirvachikkathe doctormark "uchithamaaya" niyama pariraksha nirbandhikkunnu. amgaraajyangal nyayamaaya kaalathaamasathinullil nirddeshangal kaimaaranam, allengil avar europian kammeeshante nadapadiye abhimukeekarikkanam. thudarnnulla nadappaakkal aparyaapthamaanennu kanakkakkiyaal europian kodathikku munnil thudarnnulla vyavaharangal undakam.
2006 maarchil, sivil, criminal kaaryangalile fraansile paramonnatha kodathiyaaya coor dii kaaseshan, "malholand drive" (ulppetta oru dvdyude peril ninnu) enna vilipperilulla oru theerumaanatthil vidhichu. swakaarya pakarppinulla avakaashathinu" virudhamaaya digital avakasha maanejment teknikkukal niyamavirudhamaanennu vidhicha vezhsaayile appeel kodathiyude theerumaanam athu raddaki. niyamapandithanmaar thaazhepparayunna karyangal paraamarshichu
ithinu marupadiyaayi deseeya assembly dadwasi niyamathil oru bhedagathi cherkkukayum athu "swakaarya pakarppinulla ozhivakkal avakasham" sthaapikkukayum cheythu."ennirunnaalum, eee avakaashathinte vyaapthi vyakthamalla, kaaranam ithu oru" "madhyastharude koleju" "theerumaanikkendathaayirunnu, pakshe athu niyamatthinte anthima paatatthil ninnu adichamarthappettu".
swakaarya pakarppinekkurichulla charchayude kaathal eee "avakasham" ennu vilikkappedunnathinte swabhaavamaanu. pakarppavakasha udamakalkku avarude srishtiyude anadhikritha vitharanam thadayunnathinulla pothuvaaya saadhyathayude apavaadamaayi allengil swakaarya niyamaparamaaya pakarppukal thadayunnathinu pakarppavakasha udamakalkku saankethika marggangal upayogikkunnathinu sakthamaaya nirodhanamaayi oraalkk ithine durbalamaayi vyaakhyaanikkaam.
moonnu gattangalulla parisodhana" karadu niyamatthinte "1 biss" enna lekhanathilekku pakartthukayum athu sii. pii. aii. ell <aii. dii. 1> update cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. "pakarppavakasha ozhivaakkalukal" kaanuka.
raashtreeyam.
2005 desemberil "aagola licenses" ennu vilikkappedunna vottil deseeya franch raashtreeyathil dadvisi niyamam apratheekshithamaayi oru nalla pracharamulla vishayamaayi uyarnnu. rund pradhana president sthaanaarthikal vivaadathil vyakthiparamayi edapettappol mattullavar prakhyapanangal nadatthi.
niyamanirmmaana prakriya.
2003ll annathe saamskaarika mantri jeane-jackwus illaagon (union phoor eiii popular movement, empi) aanu niyamatthinte prarambha karadu nirddeshichathu. ilaagoninu pakaram renode donadiu dii vabrez (empi) ulppede vividha saahacharyangal kaaranam, bill franch paarlamentil valare vaikiyaan avatharippichathu, 2005 desember 20,21,22 theeyathikalil chrismus avadhikk thottumunbu deseeya asambliyil aadyam parishodhikkendathaayirunnu. sarkkar (saamskaarika mantri prathinidheekarikkunna manthrimaarude manthrisabha) niyamam adiyanthiramaanennu prakhyaapichirunnu, athaayath, fraansinte bharanaghadana prakaram, niyamam paarlamentinte oro sabayum oru thavana maathrame parishodhikkukayulloo; nirddesham nadappaakkunnathil parajayappettaal europian kammeeshan fraansine uparodham earppeduthumennu mantri nalkia kaaranam.
thudakkathil oru saankethika paatamaayi avatharippikkappettenkum niyamam kadutha vivaadamaayi. pakarppavakashamulla kruthikalude fayalukal parasparam ayachathinu internettu upayokthaakkale kriminalvalkkarikkunnathum swatantra softwearinu bheeshaniyaayum ithu kanakkakkappettu. praayogikamaayi, oru "swakaarya pakarpp" srishtikkunnathinulla avakaashathinte avasaanamaanithenn ithu ardhamaakkunnuvennum bhayappettu udaaharanathinu, recordinte udamayude swakaarya upayogathinaayi digital magnetic tapil oru recordinte pakarpp nirmmikkuka, ithu nilavil sii. pii. aii. ell <aii. dii. 1> aanu.
chrismus edavelaykku munbulla oru pettennulla kaaryamaayi thudakkathil kandirunna deseeya assembly karadu niyamatthinte parisodhana niravadhi sambhavangalaal thadassappettu, ettavum ariyappedunnathu "aagola licensinte" aadya bhedagathiyekkurichulla votteduppaanu (chuvade kaanuka). niyamam poornnamaayum parishodhikkunnathin maarchil niyamasabhayude anubandha yogangal anuvadikkendivannu. niyamasabhayudeyo senattinteyo muzhuvan yogangaludeyum samayakramam eathaandu poornnamaayum executive theerumaanikkunnu ennathaayirunnu oru pradhana ghadakam.
kalaparamaaya kruthikalekkurichu saamskaarika mantri avatharippicha oru vaachakathil ninnu pratheekshichathupole, niyamasabhayude sessionil niyamam parishodhikkunnathin munbu, karadu bill saamskaarika kaarya kammeeshan oru avalokanavum nadathaathe niyama commission ayachirunnu; eee nadapadikramatthe chila prathinidhikal apalapichu. niyamathekkurichu report cheyyaan deputy kristhyan vaanesteye niyogichu.
prathipakshatthil ninnulla prathinidhikalum (franch soshyalist party, pii. ezz, franch communist party, pii. sii. eph, greens) juuniyar mejaritti alayans paartnar union phoor franch democracy (yuu. dii. eph) ennivar atharamoru valare sankeernamaaya niyamam paarlamentiloode thidukkathil konduvarunnathine ethirthu. desember march avar karadu niyamam paarlamentari commissionil parishodhanaykkaayi thirike ayaykkunna prameyathe pinthunachu. ennirunnaalum, "ambiyil ninnulla sakthamaaya paarlamenteriyanmaar" prameyathinu vottu cheyyillennu pratheekshikkunnathayi saamskaarika mantri eee neekkathe ethirthu-prameyathinu vottu cheyyaruthennu thante partyil ninnulla prathinidhikalodu ardha utharavaayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunna eee neekkam.
2006 march march deseeya assembly 296 perr anukoolichu 193 perr ethirthu bhedagathi cheytha karadu niyamathinu amgeekaaram nalki. deseeya asambliyil kevala bhooripakshamulla ambi (valathupaksha) anukoolamaayi vottu cheythappol idathu paksham ethirthu vottu cheythu. madhya-valathupaksha yuu. dii. ephinte empimar vaachakathinethire vottu cheiyukayo vittunilkkukayo cheythu.
senatt bill saamskaarikakaarya commission munbaake ayachu, avar senattar maikkal tholiyare report cheyyaan niyogichu. epril 4 nuu kammeeshan mantri dii vabrasine kelkkukayum niravadhi bhedagathikal shupaarsha cheyyukayum cheythu. thudarnnu 2006 meyy 4,9,10 theeyathikalil senatt niyamam parisodhikkukayum niravadhi bhedagathikal amgeekarikkukayum cheythu.
billinte bhaviyekkurichu ippozhum kaaryamaaya anishchithathvam nilaninnirunnu. pradhaanamantri dominic dii villepinu deseeya asambliyude munbaake paatam thirike pookaan anuvadikkuka, thudarnnu mattoru ghatta parishodhanaykkaayi senattinu munbaake pookuka allengil vaachakam adiyanthiramaanennu nilanirthuka, franch paarlamentinte irusabhakalil ninnum oru mixed commission munbaake ayaykkuka ennivaykkidayil thiranjedukkaan undaayirunnu. niyamasabayum senattum amgeekaricha grandhangal thammilulla vyathyaasangal valare valuthaanenkil irusabhakalum niyamam veendum vaayikkaan ayakkumennu saamskaarika mantri donadiu dii vabrez vaagdaanam cheythirunnu. paadangal thammilulla aaa vyathyaasangal oru mixed commission munbaake ayaykkaan kazhiyunnathra cheruthaayirunnuvenn addeham vaadichu; ennirunnaalum, chila paarlament amgangal viyojichu. meyy juun mishra kammeeshan bill parishodhikkumenn abhyoohamundaayirunnu, pakshe oduvil athu nadannilla.
2006 juun juun 20 umpire prathinidhikal veendum deseeya asambliyilekku sandesham ayaykkanamennu abhyarthichittum, juun juun mixed commission munnil bill ayakkumennu sarkkar prakhyaapichu. thudarnnu anthima amgeekaarathinaayi irusabhakalkkum munbaake sandesham ayaykkum.
juun juun raavile mixed kammeeshan yogam chernnu. ennirunnaalum, senatt paatatthe kadinamaakkunna 55 bhedagathikal yogathil kandethiyathinethudarnn kammeeshan janaadhipathyathinte parihaasyamaanennu avakaashappett soshyalist amgangal taamasiyaathe raajivachu.
paarlamentinte irusabhakalum oduvil paarlamentinte avasana divasamaaya juun juun billinu amgeekaaram nalki. ambir anukoolamaayi vottu cheythu, kammyoonistukaarum soshyalistukaarum ethirthu, yuu. dii. eph athine ethirthu vottu cheiyunnavarum vottucheyyunnathil ninnu vittunilkkunnavarum thammil vibhajikkukayum cheythu. niyamam bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennum athinaal assembly athu nirasikkendathundennum avakaashappett soshyalist deputy patrick block oru asweekarana prameyathe prathirodhichu; communist prathinidhikalum yuu. dii. eph francois beyroyude presidentum eee prameyathe pinthunaykkunnathaayi prakhyaapichu. umpire bharanakakshiykk niyamasabhayil kevala bhooripakshamundaayirunnathil prameyam vottucheythu thallappettu.
2006 juulai 7 nuu soshyalist prathinidhikal, 3 green prathinidhikal, 4 communist prathinidhikal, 2 yuu. dii. eph prathinidhikal (yuu. dii. eph president francois bairo, asambliyile yuu. dii. eph grouppinte thalavan herway morin) bharanaghadanaa kaunsilinu munnil oru sahayam phayal cheythu. eee maarggam niyamathil oppuvekkunnath thadanju niyamatthinte bharanaghadanaaparamaaya yogyatha theerumaanikkaan kaunsilinu oru maasamund, sarkkar adiyanthiratha avakaashappedunnuvenkil ozhike, eee saahacharyathil athinu ettu divasamundu. manushyanteyum pouranteyum avakaashangalude prakhyapanam" adisthaanamaakkiyulla bharanaghadanaaparamaaya abhaavathekkurichulla inipparayunna avakaashavaadangal eee maarggathil ulppedunnu
bharanaghadanaa kaunsilinte theerumaanathinu sesham 2006 august 1 nuu oppinaayi niyamam president jackwus chirakkinu samarppichu.
rashtreeya praadhaanyam.
aadya kaazhchayil, dadvsi niyamam oru tarkka niyama paatamaayi uddeshichirunnilla athu nyayamaaya saankethika niyamaparamaaya karyangal kaikaaryam cheythu. ennirunnaalum, pradhana pathrangalilum deseeya televisionilum ithu oru rashtreeya choodan vishayamaayi maari.
dadvisi niyamatthinte aadya karadu pakarppavakashamulla srishtikalude (allengil, kooduthal krithyamaayi paranjaal, atharam kaimattangal anuvadikkaatha licensukalulla pakarppavakashamulla srishtikal) piyar-tuu-piyar kaimaattatthe criminal aakki. dasalakshakkanakkinu franch internettu upayokthaakkal, prathyekichu yuvaakkalkkidayil, nilavil computer netvarkkukalil fayalukal vyapaaram nadathunnundennum athinaal avare kuttavaalikalaakkunnath yaadhaarthyabodhamillaathum paarlamentil cases nalkiyirunnu. thudarnnulla vaayana sii. pii. iii ennariyappedunna vivaadamaaya yoothu workfozhs klosinte parishodhanayumaayi poruthappettathinaal, sarkkar yuvakkalumaayi yudhathilaanennu prathipaksham vaadichu.
sarkkar nayangalkkethire ethirppu prakadippikkunnathinula vividha grouppukalkko partykalkko oru vediyaayi dadvsi niyamam upayogichu
lobbing.
franch paarlamentile chila amgangalum mattu nireekshakarum vividha grouppukaludeyum vyavasaayangaludeyum theevramaaya lobiye parasyamaayi apalapichu. kalankam niranja "departmentinte" ambi deputy bernard kaarayon deseeya televisionil chila grouppukalude bhaagathuninnu lobby sammarddavum blackmayil cheiyunnathine polum apalapichu. internettu upayokthaakkalil ninnum swatantra software abhibhaashakaril ninnumulla adithattilulla sramangal ulppede ellah vashathuninnum ithrayum theevramaaya lobying thangal kandittillenn niravadhi paarlamenteriyanmaar paranju, ithu avare kathukalum imeyilukalum kondu nirachu. oru ghattathil, paarlamentari staaf olichodunna lobisttukalude edanaazhikal vrithiyaakkanamennu senattar maikkal chaaras aavasyappettu.
aagola licensine pinthunaykkunna, kottu-dii-oor departmentinte ambir deputy aaya alan sugenot, evantukale pinthunaykkunna chila grouppukalo sosaittikalo aagola licensinu anukoolamaayi vottu cheiyunna deputy mandalangalile evantukalkkulla pinthuna pinvalikkumennu bheeshanippeduthiyathaayi soochana nalki. byoon pattanatthinte mayer koodiyaaya suguenote, thante pattanam inii oru sinima festivaline pinthunaykkillennum computing, internettu saankethikavidyakalumaayi bandhapetta enthengilum pakaram vaykkumennum soochippichu.
chila vyavasaya grouppukalumaayi valare aduppamullathinaal saamskaarika mantri renoud donaniyoo dii vabrez vimarsikkappettu.
niyamathile chila bhedagathikal (150/151,267) chila paarlamenteriyanmaarum mattullavar "vivendi saarvathrika bhedagathikal" ennu mudrakuthi, kaaranam avaa vinoda bheemanil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanennu aaropikkappedunnu. free software advakkettu group yuu. yuu. sii. dii.oru vyavasaya grouppinte lobisttine "naalu koolam haalil" praveshippichuvenna vasthuthaye info apalapichu, assembly kettidatthile oru muriyil praveshanam saadhaaranayaayi deputymark pathrapravarthakarkkum maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirikku.
ashayakkuzhappam.
thayyaareduppinte abhaavathil mantri donadiu dii vabrasine paarlamenteriyanmaar vimarshichu. udaaharanathinu, sentar-raitt yuu. dii. eph party thalavanaaya francois bairo, pakarppavakashamulla vasthukkalude niyamaviruddha pakarppukalkk baadhakamaaya criminal shiksha samvidaanathe poornnamaayum mattunna ezhu pejukalude avasana nimisham oru jody bhedagathikal mantri samarppichathinekkurich oru yadhaartha "internettinte police" srishtichathinekkurichum vimarshichu. atharamoru praadhaanyamulla parishkkaranangal commissionil parishodhikkanamenn addeham choondikkaatti.
2006 januvari 3 nuu republicinte presidentine abhisambodhana cheythukondu nadatthiya vaarshika prasamgatthil deseeya assembly president jeane-luis debre (empi) adiyanthira nadapadikramangal sarkkar upayogikkunnathine apalapichu, athu amithamaayi upayogichuvennu addeham avakashappettu. sarkkar thidukkathil bhedagathi cheytha karadu niyamangal paarlamentilekku ayaykkukayum pinneedu swantham paadangal sariyaakkaan bhedagathikal ayaykkendivarikayum cheythathine addeham apalapichu. bairo apalapicha athe bhedagathikale soochippichukondu, paatatthinte parishodhanaykkidayil sarkkar naalu pejulla rund bhedagathikal ayachathine addeham apalapichu.
donaniyoo dii vabrez oru poojyamaanennu debre paraathippettathaayi 2006 march 15-leeii "canard enchine" anweshanaathmaka vaarika report cheythu, avar "njangale oru shoonyathayilekku valichizhakkukayum thudakkam muthal njangale oru saahasikathayilekku valichizhaykkukayum cheythu".
prathishedhangalum internettu pravartthanangalum.
yuu. sii. dii.info group oru internettu nivedanam nadatthi, athu 2006 joonode 170,000-ladhikam oppukal nedi.
niyamathile vyavasthakale ethirtha samghadanakal vividha prathishedhangal samghadippichu. stopp dii. aarr. emm. samgham flash mob samghadippichu. 2006 meyy 7 nuu senattil bill undayirunnathinaal vividha grouppukal puthiya franch pakarppavakasha niyamathinethire oru march samghadippichu; ezhuthukaarude avakaashangalude smaranaykkaayi pookkal vachukondu march avasaanichu.
2006 juun juun richard emm ulppedeyulla oru prathinidhi samgham. free software foundeshan president staalmaan pradhaanamantri dominic dii villepin sandarshikkaan hotel maattignanilekku poyenkilum pradhaanamantriyum addehathinte upadeshtaakkalum avare kaanaan visammathichu. microsophttil ninnulla bill gates polulla bisinesses nethaakkalkku audyogika sweekaranam labhichappol avare thirichayachathil prathinidhi samgham prathishedhichu. avar yuu. yuu. sii. diyude 165,000 oppuvachavarude pattika thayyarakki.saadhaarana pouranmaarude aashankakalodulla avahelanamaayi avar kandathinte adayaalamaayi azhukkuchaalile vivara harji.
juun 26 nuu paarees nagaram ("paarees, kyaapittal duu libre") samghadippicha oru swatantra software bisinus meettingil staalmaan daadvsikkethire samsaarichu; juun 28 nuu addeham president sthaanaarthi segolen royalumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi.
pradhana" record korppareshanukalude sthaanangale pinthunachathaayi avakaashappedunna rashtreeyakkaarkkethire odebi leag pracharanam nadatthi. mantri donaniyoo dii vabresinethire google bombing pracharanam nadatthi "ministtar" (mantri) allengil "blanchisyur" (launderer) ennivaykkaayi googilil thirayunnath kallappanam veluppichathin donaniyoo dii vabrezine shikshikkunnathinekkur oru warta lekhanathil kalaashichu.
pakarppavakashamulla kruthikalude internettu pakarpp adichamarthal.
internettiloode piyar-tuu-piyar nettvarkkukaliloode pakarppavakashamulla sangeethathinteyo veediyokaludeyo pakarpp adichamarthaan uddeshichulla niravadhi lekhanangal dadvisi niyamathil adangiyirikkunnu.
pakarppavakashamulla vasthukkalude niyamaviruddha pakarppumayi bandhapetta mikka pravarthanangaleyum billinte prarambha pathipp shikshichu, athil pakarppavakasha virudha samvidaanangalkku chuttum pravartthikkunnathu ulppede, oru criminal vyajarekhayaayi, paramavadhi 3 varsham thadavum/allengil 300,000 euro pizhayum. ennirunnaalum, ithu dasalakshakkanakkinu internettu upayokthaakkale, prathyekichu yuvaakkale criminal kuttakrithyangalkku vidheyamaakkunnathinu thulyamaanennu niravadhi paarlamenteriyanmaar vaadichu, mantri donadiu dii vabrez udan thanne "escalation" ennariyappedunna bhedagathikal avatharippichu niyamavirudhamaayi fayalukal pakartthunna piyar-tuu-piyar upayokthaakkalkk aadyam munnariyipp nalkum, thudarnnu pizhayum, aavarthichulla kuttavaalikalkk sakthamaaya shikshakalum.
oduvil, pakarppavakasha samrakshana samvidaanam anlokku cheyyaano internettiloode pakarppavakashamulla srishtikal pakarthaano kazhivulla softweyarinte rachayithaakkaleyum prasadhakareyum kuttakrithyangalkku vidheyaraakkaan theerumaanichu, athesamayam upayokthaakkalkk valare mriduvaaya shikshakal labikkum.
piyar-tuu-piyar nettvarkkukaliloode pakarppavakashamulla kruthikal pankidal.
nilavile niyamathil, sii. pii. aii. ell. <aii. dii. 2>, ell. aii. dii. 1> enniva avakasha udamakalude amgeekaaramillaathe pakarppavakashamulla kruthikal prasidheekarikkunna pravrithi vyaajamaanenn kanakkakki paramavadhi 3 varsham thadavum/allengil 300,000 euro pizhayum shikshikkunnu.
piyar-tuu-piyar nettvarkkiloode fayalukal pankidunnathu eee nirodhanatthinte paridhiyil varunnathaano allayo ennathu vivaadamaanu. oodiyoonauttukal polulla chila grouppukal, internettu saittukalil ninno piyar-tuu-piyar netvarkkukalil ninno pakarppavakashamulla srishtikal sweekarikkunna pravrithi swakaarya pakarppavakasha niyamangalil ninnu saadhuvaaya ozhivaakkalaan, ithu sii. pii. aii. ell <aii. dii. 1> pinthudarunnathaanu. kodathikal rund dishakalilum vidhichu, chilar piyar-tuu-piyar upayokthaakkale shikshichu, mattullavar avare kuttavimuktharakki.
daadvsiyude niyamathile article 14 bii. aii. ezz. piyar-tuu-piyar netvarkkil pakarppavakashamulla oru kruthi daunlodu cheiyunna pravrithiye eee bharanathil ninnu vyakthamaayi ozhivaakkunnu. eee elavu oru vaanijya uddeshyavumillaathe pothujanagalkk pakarppavakashamulla chila srishtikal labhyamaakkunna pravarthanatthilekku kooduthal vipuleekarikkunnu, ithu labhikkunnathin piyar-tuu-piyar network upayogichathinte yaanthrika falamaayirikkumbol; pala piyar-tuu-piyar nettvarkkukalum daunlodu cheytha ulladakkam mattu upayokthaakkalkk yaanthrikamaayi labhyamakkunnathinaal eee closs chertthu, angane daunlodukale vyaja kuttakrithyangalil ninnu ozhivaakkunnath mathiyakumaayirunnilla.
vyaja kuttakrithyangalude peril kuttaaropitharil ninnu ozhivakkappetta eee pravrithikal ippozhum oru kuranja kuttatthinu keezhil varum, pizha oru utharaviloode (executive theerumaanam) nirvachikkappedum. mantri donaniyoo dii vabrez pravrithikal daunlodu cheythathinu 38 euro pizha prakhyaapichittundel ithu eathenkilum oru fayalinu baadhakamaakumo ennu ithuvare arivayittilla (athinaal niyamavirudhamaayi 1000 ganangal daunlodu cheytha oraalkk sidhaanthathil 38,000 euro pizha nalkendivarum) allengil niravadhi daunlodukalkku orotta pizha nalkaan kazhiyumo ennu.
pizha samsthaana bajattilekku pookumennum athinaal kalaakaaranmaarkk saambathikamaayi prayojanam labhikkillennum patrick blocke polulla aagola licensine pinthunaykkunnavar choondikkaanichittundu.
aagola licenses".
2005ll yadhaartha karadu niyamathinu badal nirddesham nirddeshikkappettu. piyar-tuu-piyar phayal pankidal kriminalvalkkarikkunnathum, broadband internettu subscriptionukalkku phees nalkunnathinupakaram piyar-tuu-piyar ekschenchukal niyamavidheyamaakkumaayirunnu. kalakaaranmaarkkum ezhuthukaarkkum panam nalkunnathinaayi phees pookumaayirunnu. ithine "aagola licenses" allengil "niyamaparamaaya licenses" ennu vilikkunnu.
thaazhepparayunnavayude samyojanamulla 'pothu-kalakaaranmaarude sakhyam' ('pothu/kalakaaranmaarude sakhyam') aanu 'niyamaparamaaya licenses' prothsaahippichathu
idathuvashathulla niravadhi raashtreeyakkaarum (patrick block, kristhyan pooll thudangiya franch soshyalist partyile amgangal) valathuvashathulla (kristeen boatin, alan sugenot thudangiya ump amgangal) deseeya asambliyil athine prathirodhichu. franch soshyalist party, greens, franch communist party ennivayil ninnulla paarlamenteriyanmaar deseeya asambliyil athine prathirodhichu, pakshe senattil allah.
niyamathil oru prathyeka thukayum charcha cheythittillenkilum broadband kanakshanulla prathimasam ekadesham 7 euroyaayirunnu phees. franch broadband kanakshanukalkku saadhaaranayaayi secondil 16 megabite vare nirakkukal, digital tivi, paridhiyillaattha voypp phoon kolukal ennivaykku prathimasam 30 euroyaanu chelavu.
niyamatthinte vakthaakkal vaadichathu
ethirkkaar vaadichathu
desember 21 nuu vaikunneram nadanna niyamasabhayude sammelanathil, aagola licenses sthaapikkunna bhedagathikalude parambarayile aadyathethu (ambi deputy alan suguenote nirddeshicha 153 umm franch soshyalist partyil ninnulla prathinidhikal nirddeshicha 154 umm bhedagathikal) 30 muthal 28 vare maarjinil vottu cheythu, ithu saamskaarika mantri donaniu dii vabrasine niraashappedutthi. ithaadyamaayaanu ithaadyamaayaanu phayal pankidal vishaalamaayi niyamavidheyamaakkunnathin oru niyamasabha oru badal nashtaparihara samvidaanathe pinthunaykkunnathu.
aagola licenses kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu sarkkaarin budhimuttaanennu thelinju. vivaadaparamaaya bhedagathiyekkurichu niyamasabhayude mattoru parishodhanaykk mantri abhyarthikkumennu thudakkathil karuthiyirunnuvenkilum, niyamasabhayile amp grouppinte thalavan bernard acoir, ithu oru "chambre dii entergisterment" (executivinte agrahangal rajisttar cheiyunnathinulla oru chamber) allennu franch paarlament theliyichittundennum rund sabhakalulla paarlamentinte parisodhanayude thudakkathil maathramaan eee vaachakam ullathennum choondikkaatti, ithu bhedagathi senattil raddaakkumennu addeham pratheekshikkunnathayi thonni.
deseeya asambliyude paatatthinte parisodhana maarchil punaraarambhichu. 153/154 bhedagathikal baadhakamaaya niyamatthinte article 1 pinvalikkunnathin sarkkar swantham karadu niyamam pinvalikkaan athinte prathyekaavakaasham upayogikkumennu saamskaarika mantri prakhyaapichu, athinu pakaram oru "1 biss" article nirddeshikkunnu. eee neekkathe deseeya assembly president jeane-luis debre pinthunachu, addeham asaadhaaranamaayi sittinginu adhyakshatha vahichu; nadapadiyude bharanaghadanaaparamaayathaye chodyam cheiyunna prathinidhikalodu atharam pravarthanangalkku debre mungamiyaayi paranju. ennirunnaalum, eee neekkatthinte bharanaghadanaaparamaaya saadhuta vyakthamallenn bharanaghadanaa kaunsil president piyari maseed ayacha aashayavinimayathe thudarnnu pittennu article pinvalikkillennu sarkkar prakhyaapichu. thudarnnu niyamasabha article 1-leeii bakkiyulla bhedagathikalumaayi munnott pooyi, thudarnnu pratheekshichathupole article 1-neey thallikkalanju, thudarnnu article "1 biss" parishodhichu. angane "aagola licenses" vaachakathil ninnu neekkam cheyyappedukayum athu nadappaakkiya niyamatthinte anthima pathippilekku mattaathirikkukayum cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, "9 telecom" enna internettu axus provider samanamaaya oru ashayam nadappaakki, dii. aarr. emm parirakshicha paridhiyillaattha daunlodu cheyyaavunna samgeetham saarvathrika kaattalogil ninnu athinte varikkaarkk nalki; niyamaparamaaya prashnangalonnumillathe 9 telecom saarvathrikamaanu.
doow. aarr. emm. lamghanam kriminalvalkkarikkal.
niyamatthinte article 13,14 enniva dii. aarr. emm saankethika nadapadikalkku chuttum pravarthikkunnavarkku vividha criminal shikshakal avatharippichu
ennirunnaalum, computer surakshayo gaveshanamo aayirunnu eee pizhakalonnum baadhakamalla. chila aavasyangalkkaayi cheyyumbol pizhayil ninnu ozhivaakkunna eee avasana khandam senattil oru idungiya 11-10 marjin paalichirunnu.
paraspara pravarthanakshamathayum apple vivaadavum.
dadvisi niyamam digital avakasha maanejmentinu "saankethika samrakshana reethikal" (article 7 ll nirvachichirikkunnathu) niyamaparamaaya samrakshanam nalkunnu; athaayath, athil doow. aarr. emmukale lamghikkunnathu criminal akkunna khandangal adangiyirikkunnu (article 13,14).
sarkyooment virudha khandangalude avyakthathayum vishalamaaya vyapthiyum kaaranam prarambha karadu niyamam valareyadhikam vimarsikkappettu. ithu bhayappettu
fraansile pezhsanal computing software vyavasaayathil drm samvidaanangal nalkunna kurachu kambanikal (microsopht, apple computer polullava) valareyadhikam aadhipathyam pularthunnathinaal, niyamam eee aadhipathya sthaanangale shakthippeduthumennum swatantra softweyaril ninnulla malsaram thadayumennum bhayapettu. europian korppareshanukal aadhipathyam pulartthunna oru mekhalayil malsaram nalkunnathinaal ellah franch rashtreeya partykalileyum raashtreeyakkaar swatantra software fraansinu pradhaanamaanennu prakhyaapichittundu. pothubharanasthaapanangalude aidi chelavukal niyanthrikkunnathil ithu audyogikamaayi pradhana gadakamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
athanusarichu, niravadhi swatantra software samghadanakal (free software foundeshan france, yuu. sii. dii.).vivarangal, framesoft, epril, full...) veediyoyum samgeethavum ulppedeyulla dii. aarr. emm.-kall samrakshikkunna formaattukal vaayikkaan kazhivulla swatantra software nirmmikkunnathinum angane soujanya operating sisttangale vyakthiparamaaya upayogathinu anuyojyamallathaakkunnathum dadvisi niyamam oru yadhaartha nirodhanamaayi pravartthikkaruthennu lobby cheythu. pakarppavakashamulla kruthikalil teksttum ulppedunnu, pdf polulla formaattukalkku dii. aarr. emmukalum undu, athinaal pradhana desktop syoottukalude athe phayal formaattukal vaayikkaan kazhiyaathathinal desktop prosessingil ninnu swatantra softweyarine niyamathinu nannayi ozhivakkaan kazhiyumennum avar abhiprayappettu.
criminal niyamam network efakttukaleyum vilppana ("ventte liie") bandhippikkunna sanbradaayatheyum shakthippedutharuthennu aaa associationukal vaadichu, athaayath, franch niyamathaal nirodhichirikkunna niyamaanusrithamaaya uddeshyamillaathe mattoru nalla sevanam vaangaan oru saadhanamo sevanamo vaangunnath nirbandhamaakkunnu. athu play cheyyaan kazhivulla samgeethavum electronic upakaranangalum vyathyastha uthppannangalaanennum onninte vilppana mattonninte vilppanayumayi bandhippikkaruthennum avar vaadichu.
niravadhi paarttikalil ninnulla raashtreeyakkaar (avaril bharana valathupaksha amparmaaril ninnulla alan carrion richard kasenov, madhya-valathupaksha yuu. dii. ephinte president francois bairoy ulppedunnu) dii. aarr. emm samvidaanangalude paraspara pravarthanakshamatha urappakkaan lakshyamitulla bhedagathikal konduvannu. march 16 muthal march 17 vareyulla raathriyil niyamatthinte vaayanayude avasaanathil thanne niyamasabha eee bhedagathikal amgeekarichu.
eee bhedagathikal ingane prasthaavichu
ennirunnaalum, niyamam doctormark nalkunna prathyeka niyama pariraksha svayam prayojanappedutthaan thiranjedukkaatha doctormark eee vyavasthakal baadhakamaakumo ennu vyakthamalla. athaayath, oru systethinteyo formattinteyo protocolinteyo oru bhaagavum oru dii. aarr. emm nadappakkunnathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnille avakaashappedunna oru licenses karar clossinu dii. aarr. emm daathaakkale interoperability vivarangal nalkunnathil ninnu ozhivakkaan kazhiyumo ennu eee ghattathil ariyilla.
eee khandikakal kooduthalum yuu. ezz. pathrangalil vivaadamaayi, vividha thaalpparya grouppukal nalkia vishakalanangal avaa aappilinte aityoons platfomilekkum avarude ipod playerukalilekkum nayikkappettathaanennu avakashappettu; chila warta srothassukal dadvisi niyamathe "franch aityoons niyamam" ennu vilipperunalkunnathuvare pooyi. franch upabhokthakkalkkaayi aityoons adachupoottaan appiline nirbandhikkaamennu chila vishakalana vidagdhar avakashappettu, kaaranam aappilinte bisinus model aityoons ulladakkathe dii. aarr. emm sisttam upayogichu ipod playerumaayi bandhippikkunnu, koodaathe franch vipani aappilinte mothatthilulla vilppanayude thaarathamyena cheria bhagam ulkkollunnu. franch pakarppavakasha niyamam "sarkkar sponsor cheytha kadalkkolla" yaanennu apple avakashappettu. apple parayunnathanusarichu, nirddishta niyamanirmmanam pakarppavakasha kadalkkollakkaarkk aityoonsil ninnu ganangal pothuvaaya formaattil daunlodu cheiyunnathu eluppamaakkunnathiloodeya thudarnnu mattu upayokthakkalkkaayi ananthamaayi pakarthunnathiloodeyum pakarppavakasha kadalkkolla vardhippikkum (aityoons formet, udamasthathayilullathinaal, mattu maadhyamangalilekku kaimaran kooduthal budhimuttaanu).
thudakkathil vibhavanam cheytha dii. aarr. emminte samrakshanam dii. aarr. emm samvidaanangalude nirmmaathaakkalkk gunam cheiyumennu paranja swatantra software abhibhaashakarum raashtreeyakkaarum avakaashappedunna avakaashavaadangale eee prakhyapanam pinthunachu, kadalkkolla sugamamakkunnathaayi athiraalikale prosecute cheyyaan avare praaptharaakkum. oduvil, yuu. ezz. komezhs sekrattari carlos gutierres niyamam sookshumamaayi parisodhikkumennum boudhika svathavakaashangale pinthunaykkumennum prakhyaapichu, ithu appiline pinthunaykkunnathaayi vyaapakamaayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu.
aappilinteyum yuu. ezz. gavanmentinteyum prathikaranam fraansil valare vivaadamaayirunnu. internettu upayokthaakkalude avakashangal samrakshikkunna oru pourante aakshan grouppaaya odebi leag appilinode "athinte bisinesses manassil vaykkuka, franch niyamanirmmaana prakriyayil edapedaruthu" ennu parayukayum "apple fraansil bisinesses cheyyaan aagrahikkunnuvenkil, athu bahumanikkanam" ennu choondikkaanikkukayum cheythu.
maadyama filtering illaathe franch niyamanirmmaathaakkalude uddeshyangal amerikkakkaarkk vishadeekarikkunnathinaayi deputy kristhyan pooll oru prasthavana prasidheekarichu. appiline preethippedutthaan franch sarkkar valareyadhikam parishramichathine kristhyan pooll vimarshichu
appilil ninnulla prathinidhikale senatt saamskaarika kaarya kammeeshan kettu. interoperability vyavasthakal ganyamaayi punarnirmmikkanamenn kammeeshan pinneedu shupaarsha cheyyukayum avayil bhooribhaagavum senatt amgeekaricha bhedagathikal nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. paraspara pravarthanakshamathayude kaaranangalal doctormark chuttum pravarthikkaanulla avakasham adichamarthiya commissionil ninnulla bhedagathi senatt nirasichu (10 nethire 11 vottukalkku) ennathaanu sradheyamaaya oru apavaadam. senattil ninnulla vaachakam paraspara pravarthanakshamatha nedunnathinaayi dii. aarr. emm ulladakkangal vaayikkanulla saadhyatha theerumaanikkaan kazhivulla oru bharanaparamaya adhikariye avatharippikkunnu.
article 7 bii. aii. ezz. eiii. paraspara pravarthanakshamathaykkaayi pankidaan aagrahikkaatha saankethika samrakshana nadapadikalude designermarkaayi oru pazhuthukal avatharippichu. pakarppavakasha udama aagrahikkaathappol paraspara pravarthanakshamathayudeyum mattu parimithikaludeyum abhavam thadayuka ennathaanu eee bharanaparamaya adhikaarathinte dauthyam ennu athil parayunnu. athinaal pakarppavakasha udamakalkku paraspara pravarthanakshamathayude abhavam aavasyamaanennu kaanichukondu saankethika nadapadikalude designermark paraspara pravarthanakshamathayude aavasyakathayekkurichu pravartthikkaan kazhiyumennu thonnunnu.
vivendi saarvathrika" bhedagathikal.
paarlamentinte irusabhakalum amgeekaricha chila bhedagathikal, samrakshitha srishtikalude niyamavirudhamaaya pakarppin upayogikkunna softweyarinte rachayithaakkalkk sivil, criminal utharavaaditham avatharippikkunnu. eee bhedagathikal "vivendi saarvathrika" allengil "vuu" bhedagathikal ennu parakke ariyappedunnu; aaa padavali paarlamentile chila amgangal upayogichirunnu, ithinu kaaranam, eee bhedagathikal oru pradhana vinoda korppareshanaaya vivendi saarvathrikamaanu shakthamayi munnott kondupoyathu ennaanu. odebi leagum ucd anusarichu.eee bhedagathikale bharanakakshiyaya umpire party president president sthaanaarthiyumaaya nicolas sarkozy anaudyogikamaayi pinthunachu. senatt amgeekaricha vaachakathinte 14-aamm bhaagavum 12-aamm anuchedavum avar nirmmichu.
article 12 bii. aii. ezz niyamavirudhamaayi pakarppavakashamulla srishtikal kaimaran uddeshichulla software "vyakthamaayi" labhyamaakkunna allengil atharam software upayogikkaan bodhapoorvam prerippikkunna aalukalkk criminal shikshakal (3 varsham vare thadavum/allengil 300,000 euro vare pizhayum) avatharippichu. oru kuttakrithyathe nirvachikkunnathin "vyakthamaayi" enna vaakk avatharippicha anishchithathvam kaaranam niravadhi niroopakar eee lekhanathinte bharanaghadanaaparamaaya yogyathaye samshayikkunnu; eee lekhanam softweyarinte rachayithaakkale avar niyanthrikkaattha mattullavarude (upayokthaakkal) pravarthanangalkku criminal utharavaadikalaakkunnathinna thulyamaanennum avar vaadikkunnu.
article 14 paadam avakasha udamakalkku softweyarinte swabhaavam maaraathidatholam kaalam, eee upayogam thadayaan kazhiyunna eathu saankethika nadapadikalum nadappilakkaan pradhaanamaayum pakarppavakashamulla srishtikalude niyamavirudhamaaya prakshepanatthinaayi upayogikkunna software nirmmaathaakkalod utharavidunna kodathi utharavukal nedaan saadhyamaakki. aaa nadapadikal phalapradamaayi nadappakkaan sahaayikkunnathin pakarppavakashamulla kruthikalude oru rajisttar labhyamaakkiyittund. vivendi yooniversalil ninnulla silvi forbin nirddeshichathupole, piyer-tuu-piyer transmission prograamukalilekku snocap polulla saankethikavidyakal nadappilaakkunnathu eee lekhanam nirbandhamaakkiyekkaam.
article 14 terr eiii ulkkollunna anubandha bhedagathi, internettu upayokthaakkal avarude internettu kanakshan "surakshithamakkanam" ennu nirbandhikkukayum angane pakarppavakashamulla srishtikal niyamavirudhamaayi kaimaran ithu upayogikkaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu; internettu sevana daathaakkal upayokthaakkalkk anuyojyamaaya saankethikavidya nalkendathundu. thangalude vaifai kanakshan hijack cheythuvennu avakaashappedunna piyar-tuu-piyar upayokthaakkale lakshyamittayirikkaam eee nadapadi, ennaal ithu ellah upayokthaakkaleyum avarude mesheenukalil aanti-vairas, filtering software enniva instaal cheyyaan nirbandhitharaakkunnathinum kaaranamaayekkam.
pakarppavakasha ozhivaakkalukal.
"droit dii auttyoor" ("rachayithaavinte avakashangal") rachayithaavinte prathyeka avakaashamaan. ennirunnaalum, franch niyamathil eee prathyeka avakaashathinu niravadhi niyamaparamaaya ozhivaakkalukal nilavilundu, ithu "nyayamaaya upayogam" enna us aashayathin samaanamaan. iva sii. pii. aii. ell <aii. dii. 1> ll pattikappedutthiyittundu, koodaathe dadvisi niyamathile article 1/1 biss eee ozhivaakkalukale maattunnu.
niyamam aadyam ozhivaakkalukal vipuleekarikkunnu
ennirunnaalum, article 1/1 biss bernn three-steppu testt nerittu franch niyamathilekku avatharippikkunnu
eee khandika valare vivaadaparamaanu. patrick blokkeyeppolulla prathipaksha amgangal bernn three-steppu testt samsthaanangalkku mail adichelppikkaamennu vaadichu, angane avarude niyamanirmmanam parishodhanaykk anusrithamaayirikkum, pakshe vyakthigatha pouranmaarkku vendiyalla. eee parisodhanayude avyakthatha pouranmaarkku enthaanu anuvadaneeyamennum enthaanu anuvadaneeyamallennum arian kazhiyaathathaakkunnuvennum avar vaadikkunnu, athesamayam pakarppavakasha srishtikalude vyaajarekha oru criminal kuttamakaam, athinaal niyamam bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanu, kaaranam athu manassilakkaan kazhiyilla. (2005 desemberil fraansinte bharanaghadanaa kaunsil oru nikuthi billile khandangal manassilakkaan kazhiyaathathinal avaa bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennu prakhyaapichu. )
baank rahasyaathmakathaykaayi 200 dasalaksham dollarinte software pyrasi trial thadayaan baank finamaye (franch insurance groupaamayude bhagam) anuvadicha paareesile general prosecutor oru sradheyamaaya apavaadam unnayichittundu.
fraansil, coor dii cassation appeel kodathiyum 520 dasalaksham euroyude software pyrasi cases thallikkalanju.ezz. pakarppavakasha certificattukal oru samrakshanavum nalkunnilla, 140-ladhikam rajyangalil oru pathittaandinide athinte rachayithaav vitta software "moulikatha" maanadandangal arhikkunnilla, kaaranam ithu "saadhaarana" aayirunnu, vipani vibhaagathil munkaala kala ithinakam labhyamaan.
eee judicial theerumaanatthinte velichathil, itharathilulla aadyathethaanennu avakashappedaan kazhiyunna software kuravaayathinaal niyamashaasthram vyakthamalla.
niyamathile mattu ulladakkangal.
niyamatthinte pradhana shradha doow. aarr. emmukalum piyar-tuu-piyar upayogathinte adichamarthalumaanu, ennaal pakarppavakashavumaayi bandhapetta mattu chila prashnangalum ulppeduthiyittundu
sradheyamaaya vyakthikalum grouppukalum.
rashtreeya charchayile sradheyamaaya kathapaathrangalil iva ulppedunnu
sammarda grouppukal

