ludwigshafen

jarmman samsthaanamaaya reinland-paalattinettile manheim nadiyude athirvashathulla oru nagaramaan audyogikamaayi ludwigshafen aam raine (; "ludwigginte thuramukham raininu mukalilaanu" ennartham). manheim, heidelberg, chuttumulla pradesham ennivaykkoppam ithu raine necker eriya roopeekarikkunnu.
praadhamikamaayi oru vyaavasaayika nagaram ennariyappedunna ludwigshafen lokathile ettavum valia raasa uthppaadakanaaya basfinteyum mattu kambanikaludeyum aasthaanamaanu. staatsfilhaarmoni rainland-fals aanu ividathe saamskaarika soukaryangal. muun jarmman chansalar helmut kolinte janmasthalavum maranasthalavumaanu ithu.
2012ll, aagolavalkaranavum loka nagara gaveshana shringalayum (jii. eiii. oo. sii) ludwigshafene 'paryapthatha' padavi nalkunna oru aagola nagaramaayi tharamthirichu.
charithram.
aadyakaala charithram.
purathana kaalath celtic, jarmman gothrangal raine necker pradeshathu sthirathaamasamaakki. bii onnaam noottaandil.sii. romakkar eee pradesham keezhadakkukayum innathe praanthapradeshamaaya raingonheiminu sameepam oru roman sahaaya kotta nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
madhyakaalakhattathil ludwigshafeninte bhaaviyile chila praanthapradeshangalaaya ogarshaim, moudaakku, oppo, mundenheim ennivaykku adithara paakukayundayi. ennirunnaalum, kaandaamrigangalude kaalaanusrithamaaya vellapokkam athinte vikasanathe thadassappeduthiyathinaal eee pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagavum chathuppunilamaayi thudarnnu.
rainshans.
vishudha roman saamraajyathile valia samsthaanangalilonnaaya "kurpfals" athawa paalattinettinte vottarmaarude rajakumaran-electorude pradeshatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu raine necker pradesham. kurpfaalsinte puthiya thalasthaanamaaya manheim sthaapichathu eee pradeshatthinte mothatthilulla vikasanathil nirnnayakamaaya swaadheenam chelutthi. 1606-ll manheim nagaratthe samrakshikkunnathinaayi raininte maruvashathu elector paletine frederic IV oru kotta ("dye rainshans") nirmmichu, angane ludwigshafen nagaratthinte kendrabindu roopappettu.
pathinezhaam noottaandil, muppath varshathe yudhathilum noottaandinte avasaanabhaagathu fraansinte adhinivesha yudhangalile luis pathinaraman rajaavilum eee pradesham nasippikkappedukayum janavasam illaathaakkappedukayum cheythu.
pathinettaam noottaandil maathramaan thalasthaanamaaya maanhaiminte saameepyathil ninnu labham nedikkondu rainshansinu chuttumulla vaasasthalangal abhivridhi prapikkaan thudangiyathu. vottarmaarude dvitheeya vasathiyayi pravartthikkunna oru cheria kottaarathinteyum prashastha theerthaadana palliyaya walfortskircheyudeyum nirmmaanathinu sesham ogarshaim prathyekichum kurachu praadhaanyam nedi. 1782-ll, mahanaaya jarmman ezhuthukaaranum naadakakrithumaaya friedrich shiller thante janmanaadaaya wurtembergil ninnu parannuyarnnukondu ogersheyimil eathaanum aazhchakal thaamasichu.
franch viplavathinte sainyathodoppam ludwigshafen pradeshathekku yuddham madangi. ogarsheyimile kottaram kathikkukayum manheim niravadhi thavana uparodhikkukayum 1798 muthal 1813 vare france pidichadakkiya kaandaamrigathinu padinjaarulla muzhuvan pradeshavum vibhajikkappedukayum cheythu. paalattinettinte watermar vibhajikkapettu. manheim, heidelberg ennivayulla raininte kizhakkan theeram baden padinjaaran theeram (ludwigshafen pradesham ulppede) bavaria rajyathinum nalki, swaathanthryasamarangalethu (1813-1815), athil franchukaare purathaakki. kaandaamrigam oru athirthiyaayi maarukayum manheimil ninnu raashtreeyamaayi vichedikkappetta rainshansinu ayal nagaratthinte sainika bullwark enna nilayil athinte pravartthanam nashtappedukayum cheythu.
foundeshan.
1808-ll franch adhiniveshakaalathu manheim kaal hornig franch adhikaarikalil ninnu kotta vaangukayum nadhi gathaagathathinulla oru way steshanaayi maattukayum cheythu. pinneedu, shaityakaala prathirodhamulla thuramukha thadamulla (1824-leeii vellapokkam srishticha) rainshans vyapara kendramaayi upayogichu. 1819-ll hornig marichu, ennaal speyaril ninnulla oru bisinasukaranaaya johann heinrich sharf horniginte padhathikal thudarnnu, avaa pinneedu 1830-ll addehathinte marumakanaaya philipp marcus lichenbergerinu kaimari. avarude pravartthanangal rainshaansinte sivilian upayogathinte thudakkathe adayaalappeduthi.
1844-ll ludwigshafente audyogika jananamaayirunnu, lichenberger eee vasthu bavaria (bayen) samsthaanathinu vilkkukayum oduvil kottayude sainika padavi neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu. bavarian rajaavaaya ludwig onnaaman, vaasasthalathinu thante peru mattaanum ethir theerathu manheiminte ethiraaliyaayi oru nagarapradeshatthinte nirmmaanam aarambhikkaanum padhathikal aavishkarichu.
aavishkarichu parajayappetta jarmman viplavathil vimathar ludwigshafen pidichadakkiyenkilum manheimil ninnu bombit avar thakarkkapettu (manheimermar viplavakaarikale lakshyamittathalla, marichu athiraalikalude thuramukhathinte adisthaana soukaryangaleyaanu lakshyamittathenn kimvadanthikal parayunnu), prussian sainyam viplavakaarikale vegathil purathaakki. 1852 desember meyy maximilian randaaman rajaavu ludwigshuffen aam reyninu rashtreeya swaathanthryam nalkukayum 1859 november november eee vaasasthalam nagara padavi nedukayum cheythu.
vyavasaayavum janasamkhyayude valarchayum.
athinte sthaapaka samayat ludwigshafen ippozhum 1,500 nivaasikalulla valare mithamaaya oru vaasasthalamaayirunnu. yadhaartha valarcha vyavasaayavalkkaranathode aarambikkukayum anuyojyamaaya gathagatha soukaryangal kaaranam ludwigshafenil valia vegatha kaivarikkukayum cheythu. kaandaamrigatthile mikacha sthaanathinum thuramukha soukaryangalkkum purame, ludwigshafenine saar kalkkarippadangalumaayi bandhippikkunna oru railway 1849 ll poortthiyaayi.
1865 swatantra ludwigshafente charithratthile oru pradhana theeyathiyaayirunnu. niravadhi charchakalkku sesham, basf athinte faaktarikal manheim muthal ludwigshafeninte bhagamaaya hemshoff jillayilekku maattaan theerumaanichu. annumuthal, nagaratthinte druthagathiyilulla valarchayum sambathum baasfinte vijayavumayum lokathile ettavum pradhanappetta raasa kambanikalilonnaayi athinte vipuleekaranavumaayum bandhappettirikkunnu. friedrich raschig gmbh, benkaisar kambani (johann benkaisar sthaapicha), giulini sahodaranmaar, gransweig & hartman eji, thudangi athivegam valarunna niravadhi raasa kambanikalude aasthaanamaayi ludwigshafen maari.
kooduthal thozhilavasarangal labhyamaayathode ludwigshafenile janasamkhya athivegam vardhichu. 1899ll 62,000-thiladhikam nivaasikale (1852ll 1,500-neey apekshichu) nagaram bharichu.
eee janasamkhyaa spodanam samakalikarkk thikachum amerikkakkaaranaayi thonni; ithu oru "thozhilaallikalude nagaram" enna nilayil ludwigshaafante swabhaavathe nirnnayikkukayum bhavanangaludeyum riyal estettinteyum prasnakaramaaya shaamam srishtikkukayum cheythu. cheythu 1892lum munisippal pradeshatthinte vipuleekaranavum ettavum aduthulla rund gramangalaaya freezenheim, mundenheim enniva samyojippikkalum aayirunnu pariharam. nagarakendrathinum aaa rund praanthapradeshangalkkum edayilulla pradeshathu (annathe) aadhunika nagaravikasana padhathikalkku sesham puthiya kwartezhs ("vadakku", "thekk") nirmikkappettu. mannu chathuppunilavum kaandaamriga vellappokkathil ninnu samrakshikkaan kazhiyaathathra thaazhnnathumaayathinaal, puthiya veedukalellaam uyarnna nilathaanu nirmmichathu, chilappol yadhaartha nilathuninnu 5 meter vare uyarathilaanu. ludwigshafeninte pala veettumuttangalilum sandarshakarkku yadhaartha graundu level kaanaan kazhiyum, avaa chilappol theruvu nilaykk rund nilakal thaazheyaan.
onnaam lokamahaayudham muthal randaam lokamahaayudham vare.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu (1914-1918), ludwigshaafante vyaavasaayika plaantukal germmaniyude yuddha sambadvyavasthayil pradhana punk vahichu, aayudhangalkkaayi raasa cheruvakalum padinjaaran munnaniyil upayogikkunna vishavaathakavum uthppaadippichu. 1915 meyy meyy lokathile aadyathe thanthrapradhaanamaaya vyomaakramanathinte lakshyamaya ludwigshafeninu ithu kaaranamaayi. franch vimanangal basf plaantukal akramikkukayum panthrand perr kollappedukayum varum kaalathinu maathrkayaavukayum cheythu.
1918ll jarmmani yuddham paraajayappettappol samadhana karaarile vyavasthakalkkanusarichu kaandaamrigatthinte idathu karaa franch sainyam kaivashappedutthi. 1930 vare franch adhinivesham nilaninnu, franch gaarsan udyogastharkkaayi ludwigshafeninte ettavum manoharamaaya chila veedukal sthaapichu.
sthaapichu saambathika veendedukkal charithratthile ettavum mosham vyaavasaayika spodanangalilonnaaya septambaril thakarkkapettu. 1921-ll oppoyile oru basf storeju sailo pottitherichu, 500-ladhikam aalukal kollappedukayum 2,000-thiladhikam perkku parikkelkkukayum ennamatta kettidangal nasippikkukayum cheythu.
eee thirichadi undaayirunnittum, 1922ll ludwigshafen 100,000 janasamkhyayilethi, angane "nagaram" padavi nedi. thozhilillaayma, thozhil prasnangal, rashtreeya kalahangal, naasikalude uyarcha ennivaykku kaaranamaaya 1929 leeii lokamembaadumulla saambathika prathisandhi vare ithu abhivridhi praapichu.
thozhilaalli vargga aadipathyamulla ludwigshaffenil naasi partic kurachu anuyaayikalum vottukalum undaayirunnuvenkilum avarude nayangal nadappaakkunnathil vijayichu. poonthottangalulla niravadhi cheria veedukal nirmikkappettu, prathyekichu gartenstadil. koodaathe, mattu nagarangalile naasi padhathikalkku samaanamaan (udha.jii. hamberg), sameepathulla cheria pattanangalum graamangalum koottichertthu oru "grettar ludwigshafen" srishtikkaan avar lakshyamittu. angane ogershaim, oppo, edehyme, raingonheim, moudaakku enniva ludwigshafeninte praanthapradeshangalaayi maarukayum janasamkhya 135,000 aayi uyarthukayum cheythu. ludwigshafen sinagog 1938-ll nasippikkappedukayum 1,400 jootha janasamkhya 1940-ll naadukadatthappedukayum cheythu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathile enna prachaarana velayil, sakhyakakshikal ludwigshafen, oppo ennivayil bombakramanam nadatthi. yudhasamayathu 121 vyathyastha reydukalilaayi pathimoovaayiram sakhya bomberukal nagaratthe akramikkukayum athil 56 ennam igg farben plaantil akramikkunnathil vijayikkukayum cheythu. aaa 56 reydukal 250 muthal 4,000 poundu vare uyarnna sphodakavasthukkal adangiya 53,000 bombukalum 25 laksham 4 poundu magneeshyam kathikkunna bombukalum (bomberukal nagaram ozhippikkaan saadhaaranakkaarkku munnariyipp nalkunna dasalakshakkanakkinu laghulekhakalum vyaja ration kooppanukalum) varshichu. spare parts kandethunnathu kooduthal budhimuttaayathinaal attakuttappanikalkk kooduthal samayameduthu. 1944 disambarode, supradhana yoottilittikalkk valareyadhikam naashanashtangal sambhavichu, uthppaadanam eathaandu poojyamaayi kuranju. ellah aazhchayum thudarnadapadikal nadatthi uthpaadanam shaashvathamaayi avasaanippichu. yudhathinte avasaanathode mikka veedukalum nasippikkappedukayo kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayo cheythu; 1,800 perr marikkukayum 3,000 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
1945 maarchil jarmmaniyilekkulla sakhyakakshikalude munnettam ludwigshafenil ethi. yuu. ezz. panthrandaam kavachitha division 94-aamm kaalaalppada division 1945 maarchil veeduthorumulla pooraattatthilum block-tuu-block nagara pooraattatthilum jarmman prathirodhatthinethire ludwigshafen pidichedutthu.
yudhaananthara punarnirmmaanam.
yudhaananthara, ludwigshafen franch adhinivesha mekhalayude bhaagamaayirunnu, puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya bundsland (stettu) oof rainland-faalsinte bhaagamaayitheerukayum angane federal republic oof germmaniyude bhagamaavukayum cheythu. takarnna nagaratthinte punarnirmmaanatthinum sambadvyavasthayude punarujjeevanathinum sakhyakakshikal, prathyekichu american sahayam pinthunachu. 1948ll, "pasadena share kammitti" yudhaananthara ludwigshafenile nivaasikale sahayikkunnathinaayi puthappukal, vasthrangal, bhakshanam, marunnukal ennivayude paakkejukal ayachu. niravadhi souhrudangal roopappedaan thudangi, angane 1956-ll ludwigshuffen aam raine, pasadena, california enniva sahodari nagarangalayi maari.
nagaratthinte valiyoru bhagam aksharaarthatthil nasippikkappedukayum 1950 kalileyum 1960 kalileyum vasthuvidyaa shailiyil punarnirmmikkappedukayum cheythu. hochstrassen (stilttukalile haivekal), viplavakaramaaya puthiya pradhana steshan (appol europile ettavum aadhunika steshan), niravadhi gopura blokkukalum oru puthiya praanthapradeshavum, edigheyiminu vadakkulla saattalait quarter piffingstwide ennivayaayirunnu ettavum pradhanappetta padhathikal.
nagaratthinte saambathika sambathu saamoohika aanukoolyangalum sthaapanangalum avatharippikkan anuvadichu. 1970ll 180,000-thiladhikam nivaasikalulla janasamkhyayude ennam ekkaalatheyum ettavum uyarnna nilayiletthi, angane kurachu samayathekku rainland-fals, mains ennivayude thalasthaanathe polum marikadannu.
saambathika prathisandhi.
1970 kalude thudakkathil, araa dashalakshathiladhikam nivaasikalulla thalasthaanamaayi oru ekeekritha manheim-ludwigshafene chuttipattiyulla oru puthiya samsthaanam srishtikkumaayirunna jarmman bundeslanderinte ghadana parishkarikkanulla padhathi parajayappettu.
ennirunnaalum, kooduthal abhilasha padhathikalkku dhanasahayam nalkiyathu ludwigshafenilaanu, aadyam 15 nilakalulla sitti haalil athinte linked-upp shopping sentarum (rathouse sentar). 1974-ll ruchaim aayirunnu avasaanathe (ithuvare) puthiya samyojitha praanthapradesham.
ennaal ennaal 1980kalilum thwarithappeduthukayum ludwigshafente saambathika thakarchaykku kaaranamaakukayum cheytha oru prakriya aarambhichu. phaatt time" samayat avatharippicha kettidangaludeyum sthaapanangaludeyum valia attakuttappanikal, praadeshika vyavasayangalil ninnulla vyapara nikuthi labham kuraykkunna puthiya nikuthi niyanthranangal, baasfile aayirakkanakkin pirichuvidalukal ennivayaanu nagaratthinte prathisandhiyude pradhana kaaranagal. jolisthalangalude nashtavum enna prathisandhi polulla pothuvaaya saambathika pravanathakalum moolam janasamkhyayude nashtam irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil ludwigshaafante saambathika sthithi kooduthal vashalakki.
malineekaranam moolam vaayuvinteyum kaandaamrigathinteyum mosham avastha parisodhanakal velippeduthiyappol vyaavasaayika vijayathinte negatteevu vashangal vyakthamaayi. basf mattu chedikalum moolam nagaratthiludaneelam ellaayppozhum durgandhamo azhukko undaayirunnu, vyavasaayam abhivridhi praapikkunnidatholam kaalam aalukal athu sveekarichirunnu. koodaathe, yudhathinushesham valare aadunikavum innathe nagaradrishyathil roopaathmakamaaya swaadheenavumulla konkreett nirmmanangal kaalaharanappettathayi kooduthalaayi kanakkakkappettu.
samakaalika ludwigshafen.
sameepa varshangalil, maadyamangalil ludwigshafente prathichaaya vardhippikkunnathinu niravadhi sramangal nadannittundu. saamoohika paymentukalum paripalanavum vettikkurachukondu nagara bharanakoodam athinte kammi kurachittundu, malineekaranam (kuranjathu basf vazhi) niyantrikkappettu, munbu cheenjupoya hemshoff quarter punasthaapichu.
2008ll niravadhi vamseeya thurkkikal thaamasichirunna oru kettidatthil theepidittham undaayi. 9 perr marichu, ellaavarum thurkkikalum 5 kuttikalum. ithu theeveppumaayi bandhapetta aakramanamaanennu vishwasichirunnuvenkilum ithu sariyallennu kandethi.
uyarnna nilavaaramulla shopping saadhyathakalude thaarathamya abhavamaayirunnu ludwigshafeninte ettavum shalyappeduthunna thettukalilonnu-kuranjathu nagaravaasikalil palarkkum-. sitti sentarinte thekke attathu (berliner plaattsinaduthulla walsmoohle) affiliate cheytha railway steshanodoppam (ludwigshafen-mitt) randaamathe valia shopping maall srishtichu eee kuravu pariharikkan shramichu. koodaathe, kaandaamrigatthinte theerathulla mattoru shopping maalaya raine-gallery 2010 septambaril poortthiyaayi.
oru vyaavasaayika nagaramenna nilayil ludwigshafen valia praadhaanyamund.
jillakal.
kendram.
ludwigshafen nagara kendram thaarathamyena cheruthaanu, yudhaananthara kettidangal aadhipathyam pulartthunnu. hochstrassen (stilttukalile haivekal), raine kizhakk, pradhana steshan ludwigshafen nagarakendrathinu padinjaaru, kendra kaalnada parisaramaya "bismarkstrase" yill ninnu ekadesham 15 minitt nadannaal akale sthithicheyyunnu, ithu pradhana vadakku-thekk achuthandil "ludwigstrasse" enna shopping mylinoppam roopappedunnu, ithu "vadakku dhruvam" ennu vilikkappedunnathine "rathouse sentarumaayi" bandhippikkunnu, "thekk dhruvam" berliner plaits, walsmoohel shopping sentar, ludwigshafen (raine) mitt steshan ennivayumaayi bandhippikkunnu. banhofstrass", "kaisar-wilhem-strass" ennivayaanu pradhana kizhakk-padinjaaran kanakshanukal. falsbau, staatsfilhaarmoni, wilhem-hack-museum, pakuthi nashicha smarakamaaya lutherkirche ennivayaanu ludwigshafen nagarakendratthinte pradhana savisheshathakal.
thekk.
suddlishe innenstaad" allengil "thekkan nagara kendram" (sii. eiii. 29, 000 nivaasikal) mukalil vivarichathupole yadhaartha nagara kendravum "staadteyil sudd" allengil "southu" kwarter ulppedunnu. thekk" ettavum aakarshakamaaya chila parkinsel pradeshangalundu, prathyekichu "parkinsel" pradesham. southinte" mattu upavibhagangal "musicantainviertel" allengil "malerviertel" aanu. eathaanum varshangalkkullil, muun vyaavasaayika estettukalile walsmuleik sameepamulla kaandaamrigatthil valare vilapetta oru residential eriya ("rainufar sudd") koodi undaakum.
vadakku.
nordlishe innenstaad" (sii. eiii. 22, 000 nivaasikal) ennathil hemshoff, "vadakku", "padinjaaru" jillakal ulppedunnu. hemshoff "vadakkum" ludwigshafeninte "pazhaya pattanatthe" prathinidheekarikkunnu, avar videsha nivaasikalude valare uyarnna anupaathathinu perukettathaanu, ithu avare saamskaarikamaayi vaividyamullavaraakkunnu. vestt" ("vaalantain-bouvar-siddlung" ennum ariyappedunnu) pradhana steshanum pradhana semitheric idayilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
freezenheim.
"freezenheim" (sii. eiii. 18, 000 nivaasikal) hemshofinu vadakkaayi sthithicheyyunnu, koodaathe ludwigshafeninte rund (mattonn mundenheim) "maathrgraamangalil" onnaanu, kaaranam avarkk swaathanthryathinu munbu ludwigshafente bharanathinte utharavaadithamundaayirunnu. freesenheimilaanu helmut kooll janichathu. athinte padinjaaran jillayaya "froshlash" aakarshakamaaya naalu gopura blokkukal ulkkollunnu.
oppo.
"oppo" (sii. eiii. vadakku 10,000 nivaasikal) aduthulla basf aadhipathyam pulartthunnu, ludwigshafenil samyojippikkunnathinumbu orikkal svanthamaayi oru pattanamaayirunnu. athinte charithratthil, charithratthil spodanam, spodanam vellapokkam thudangi niravadhi duranthangal ithu anubhavichittundu.
edehyme.
"edehyme" (sii. eiii. 9, 000 nivaasikal) orikkal thekk oppoyude bhaagamaayirunnu, innu athu oppoyude athra valuthaanu.
piffingstweed" (ca. 6, 000 nivaasikal) ludwigshafeninte vadakke attathulla jillayaan; gopura blokkukalude aadipathyamulla ithu frankenthalinu sameepamaan sthithi cheiyunnathu.
gartenstad.
gartenstad" (sii. eiii. 18, 000 nivaasikal), mundenheiminu padinjaaru, ("garden sitti" enna peru soochippikkunnathu pole) paranna melkoorayulla veedukalum chila gopura blokkukalum aadhipathyam pulartthunna valare pachappulla praanthapradeshamaanu. neederfeld", "hoachfeld", "ernst-ruter-seedlung" ennivayaanu ithinte upavibhagangal.
mundenheim.
"mundenheim" (sii. eiii. 13, 000 nivaasikal) valare pazhaya praanthapradeshamaanu, thuramukhathinaduthulla vipulamaaya vyavasaya mekhalayaaya svanthamaayi railway steshan undu. mundenheiminte vadakku bhaagathulla "herderveartel" oru upavibhagamaanu.
ogarshaim.
"ogarshaim" (sii. eiii. 23, 000 nivaasikal) ettavum pradhanappetta praanthapradeshangalilonu, ithu oru pattanampoleyaan (athu madhyakaalakhattatthilaayirunnu). nagaratthile puzhukkalude mathil paripalikkunnathinulla utharavaaditham pankitta sthalangalil onnaayi ekadesham 900 muthal varunna puzhukkal mathilukal nirmmikkunna oordinansil ithu paraamarsikkappettundu.
helmut kooll thekkan ogarsheyimil oru banglav swanthamaakki. walfortskirche, oru railway steshan, pradhana anfaalklinik ("apakada ashupatri"), niravadhi valia residential blokkukal enniva ogarsheyimil kaanapedunnu. kazhinja kurachu varshangalayi, vadakkan sub distriktukalaaya "notwende", "melm" enniva avarude puthiya bhawana estettukalil valia alavil nirmmaana pravartthanangal nadathunnundu.
raingonheim.
"ludwigshafeninte thekke praanthapradeshamaaya "raingonheim" (ekadesham 7,000 nivaasikal) pradhaanamaayum vyavasayathinum (woilner) geyim enclosure wilde parkinum perukettathaanu.
moudood.
"moudaachu" (sii. eiii. 7, 000 nivaasikal), ludwigshafeninte thekk-padinjaaru, moudaachar brachu parkkumaayi adutha bandhamullah oru janapriya paarppida pradesamaanu.
ruchaim.
"ruchaim" (sii. eiii. 6, 000 nivaasikal), ettavum padinjaaran praanthapradeshamenna nilayil, valarekkaalamaayi oru cheria kaarshika gramamaayirunnu, ennaal ippol puthiya bhawana estettukal kaaranam ithu athivegam valarukayaanu.
gathagatham.
ludwigshafenil airfield illengilum eee mekhalayile niravadhi vimaanathaavalangalumaayi ithu nannayi bandhappettirikkunnu. spairinu sameepam cheria airfieldukal, baad darkhaim aandu vemukal, manheim-leeii oru idatharam praadeshika vimaanathaavalam, ekadesham oru manikkoor driving doorathil frankfurt anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalam ennivayundu.
raininu padinjaaru ettavum pradhanappetta jarmman thuramukhamaanu ludwigshafen. praadeshika vyavasaayangal avarude asamskritha vasthukkalum uthppannangalum nadiyilekku athikkunnathine aasrayichirikkunnu. ludwigshafen thuramukhathil nagaratthinte thekk mundenhaiminaduthulla niravadhi thadangal (luitpoldhefen, kaiserworthefen, mundenheimer altrainhafen), nagara madhyathinum basfin samaantharamaayi nadiyude theerathulla warfukal, oduvil, basfine bandhippikkunna vadakku landshefen thadam enniva ulppedunnu.
ludwigshafenil ellah dishakalilekkum mikacha autobaan (motorway/haiway) kanakshanukal undu. padinjaaru-kizhakk dishayil 650 umm vadakku-thekk dishayil 61 umm aanu ettavum pradhanam. ennaal 6,65,9 ennee samkhyakalum paraamarsikkappedendathundu. bundestrass 37 umm 44 umm uyarnna express haivekaliloode nagara madhyathiloode kadannupokunnu. gadanaaparamaaya poraaymakal kaaranam avayude chila bhagangal adachittirikkunnu. avaa raine muthal manheim oondu konraad adenover paalam, kurt shumachar paalam ennivaykku kuruke thudarunnu.
ludwigshafen houptbanhoff oru valia steshanaanu, athinte aakarshakamaaya pailon bridge piyar nagaratthinte naazhikakkallayi pravartthikkunnu. moonnu joining traakkukale (frankenthaal/vemukal/mains, nyoostaad/spare, manheim ennivayumaayi) bandhippikkendathinteyum bhoogarbha strasenban steshanilum konkozhsinu mukalilulla valia rooad paalatthilum pravarthikkendathinteyum aavasyakathayaanu steshan samuchayathinte asaadhaaranamaaya vaasthuvidyaykku kaaranam. mattu railway steshanukal ogarshaim, mundenheim, raingonheim, berliner plaattsinaduthulla puthiya central ludwigshafen (raine) mitt ennividangalilaanu. 2003 muthal, ezz-baann raine-necker suburban train samvidaanam eee mekhalayil vijayakaramaayi pravartthikkunnu.
ludwigshafeninte pothugathagatha samvidaanam nadathunnathu vbl (werkehersbetrieb ludwigshafen) holding kambanikalaaya raine-necker-verker (rnv) vrn ennivayaanu. oru samyojitha manheim/ludwigshafen tramway shringalayundu; naalu tram lineukal (4,6,7,8) rund nagarangalkkidayilulla raine paalangal kadakkunnu, mattoru line (10) ludwigshafeniloode maathram kadannupokunnu. 2008 avasaanathode line 4 vipuleekarikkukayum line 14 ("raine-haard-baann" ennum ariyappedunnu) maatti sthaapikkukayum cheythu. mosham durkheem muthal ludwigshafen, manheim, headshime vare pookunna deerghadoora paathayaayi line 4 ippol pravartthikkunnu. patthu munisippal lainukalum kooduthal praadeshika lainukalum ulkkollunnathaan buzz shringhala.
ludwigshafeninte pothugathagatha samvidaanathinte vichitramaaya savisheshatha naalu bhoogarbha tram steshanukalude (rathouse, dansiger plaits (2008 avasaanathode adacha), haptbanhoff, hemshofstrass) nilanilppaan. nilanilppaan manheim, ludwigshafen ennividangalil oru pothu bhoogarbha shringhala aasoothranam cheythathilekku avar madangunnu. valia chelavu kaaranam manheim padhathi raddaakkiyappol ludwigshafenile eee aadya steshanukalude ashradhamaaya nirmmaanam anaavashyamaayi.
pradeshavum ayalkkaarum.
manheim, ludwigshafen ennee eratta nagarangal pala mekhalakalilum aduthu sahakarikkunnu; badden-wurtemberg/reinland paalattinett athirthi kondu verthirikkappettittundum, eee athirthi pradhaanamaayum oru bharanaparamaya athirthiyaanu. eluppathil athicheraavunnathinaal niravadhi ludwigshafenermar manheim nagaratthinte akathu shopping nadathukayum purathupokukayum cheiyunnu. neremarichu, chila manheimermar ludwigshaffenil jolie cheiyunnu, koodaathe manheim sarvakalaashaalayile pala vidyaarthikalum ludwigshafen athinte vilakuranja vaadaka kaaranam thaamasthalamaayi thiranjedukkunnu.
kaandaamrigatthinte idathu theerathulla ludwigshafeninte chuttupaadukale fals ennu vilikkunnu, ithu paalattinett mekhalayude kizhakke bhagamaanu. ludwigshafeninu chuttumulla bharana jilla raine-fals-crays ennu vilikkunnu. ludwigshafeninu vadakku, frankenthaal enna vyaavasaayika pattanamund. ludwigshafeninte padinjaaran parisarathu, dhaaraalam pachakkarikal uthppaadippikkunna niravadhi graamangalund, angane rainphalsinu "germmaniyude pachakkari thottam" enna padavi labhichu. ludwigshafeninu thekkulla jillayil raine, altrain aayudangal (nadiyude aadya gathi adayaalappeduthunna thadakangal), shradheyavum sradheyavumaaya nagaramaya athinte manoharamaaya saamrajya cathedral ulla purathana pattanamaya spare enniva aadhipathyam pulartthunnu.
ludwigshafenilekku kurachu kooduthal dooramullah pradeshangalil germmaniyile ettavum valia yojicha veenju valarunna pradeshavum padinjaaru europile ettavum valia yojicha vanavum, franch mekhala alsays thekk jarmman schwarswald (black phoorast) kunnukalum, kizhakk heidelberg odenwald kunnukalum, vadakku frankfurt nagarathodukoodiya raine-maine mekhalayum ulppedunnu.
samskaaram.
praadeshika praadhaanyamulla oru naadakavediyum kacheri haalum aanu falsbau. staatsfilhaarmoni rainland-fals svanthamaayi symphonic oorkkastra sookshikkunnu, koodaathe varshathil 25 raathrikal oopparakal nadathunna oru nirmmaana kambaniyumundu. hemshoff jillayil praadeshika bhasha naadakangal avatharippikkunna cheria theaterukalundu.
purathanakaalam muthal samakaalika kala vareyulla shekharangalulla munisippal art myusiyamaanu wilhem-hack-museum. miroo vaal" (jarmman bhashayil miroo-wand) ennu vilikkunna oru muzhuvan munvashavum ulkkollunna pratheekathmaka miroo chuvarchithrathinu ithu ariyappedunnu. spanish kalakaaranaaya joonn miroyude deerghakaala sahapravarthakanaaya joonn gardy artigasinte sahakaranathode 7,200 seramic tailukal kondaanu chuvarchithram nirmmichirikkunnathu. 1979ll sthaapichathumuthal vaayu malineekaranam moolam ithu kshayichukondirikkukaya.
ludwigshafenile niravadhi cheria myoosiyangal nagaratthinte charithratthil shradha kendreekarikkunnu, onnamathaayi "rathouse sentarile" staad museum, mathramalla shillerhouse ogarshaim, keey.oo. oppoyile braun-museum allengil vadakku frankenthelar kanal museum.
saambathikashaasthrathil vaidagdhyamulla fatchoshchule ludwigshafen (technical koleju) nuu affiliate cheytha austaasiyan instittyoott (eest eshya instittyoott) undu. saamoohika shaasthrathil vaidagdhyam nediya ivanchalishe fatchoxchule ludwigshafen undu.
sambadghadana.
ludwigshafenile ettavum pradhanappetta vyavasaya kambaniyaanu basf aanenkilum mattu niravadhi sthaapanangalundu. ludwigshafenile vyapara, vyavasaya mekhalakalil ekadesham 90,000 jeevanakkaarund, vaarshika motham vittuvarav ekadesham 17 bilyan euroyaanu.
lokathile ettavum valia kemikkal plantaaya ludwigshafen plaantil motham 110,000 perkkum (kurachu varshangalkk munbu motham jeevanakkaarude ennam ekadesham 55,000 aayirunnu) ekadesham 35,000 perkkum jolie nalkunna lokathile munnira kemikkal kambaniyaanu basf. valangal, chayam, sheethalakangal, mattu niravadhi rasavasthukkal ennivayaanu kambaniyude pradhana uthppannangal.
ludwigshafenil plaantukalulla mattu kemikkal kambanikalil bii. keey. giulini, abvi, rassig, benkaisar enniva rank cheiyunnu.
mechanical enchiniyaring, electrical enchiniyaring, aidi, brewery (mayerbrow ogarshaim) ennivayaanu vyavasaayathinte mattu pradhana shaakhakal.
sports.
orikkalum oru professional football club illaatha jarmman nagarangalilonnaan ludwigshafen. ithu kooduthal aascharyakaramaanu, kaaranam ludwigshafen oru saadhaarana "thozhilaallikalude nagaram" aanu, koodaathe 40,000 perkku irikkaavunna sheshiyulla randaam lokamahaayudhathile avashishtangalil ninnu nirmmicha sudveststaadiyan enna oru valia stadiyamundu. kazhinja dashakangalil 1 eph. sii kaisarslaattarn allengil waldoff manheim badal stadiyamaayi upayogicha niravadhi anthaaraashtra malsarangalum chila bundesliga malsarangalum avide nadannittundu.
huddersfield taunn lephtt-back dominic verling ludwigshafenilaanu janichathu.
munbu ettavum vijayakaramaya ludwigshafen football club efsv ogarshaim aayirunnu, 2006-07 seasoninte avasaanathil regionaligayilekku (moonnaam division) sthaanakkayattam nedumbol team hraswakaala vijayam nedi. ennirunnaalum, club svayam tharamthaazhthappettu, rund mosham seasonukalkku sesham saambathika sthithi vashalaayathode, club 2010-11 leeii 11-aamm nira praadeshika thala kaliyilekku pinmari.
oberliga rainland-fals/saar (vii) ll malsarikkunna nagaratthil ninnulla ettavum uyarnna nilavaaramulla football klabbaanu arminia ludwigshafen.
kurachu varshangalkk munbu stadiyathinu sameepam oru athlattiks haal nirmmichittundu.
2010 venalkkaalam muthal jarmman onnaam handball divisionil tsg freezenheim kalikkunnu.
prakrithi.
ludwigshafenil niravadhi munisippal paarkkukal undu onnamathaayi north kwaarttarile ebert park friesenheim. 1925-ll thekkan jarmman hortikalchar exhibishanaayi friedrich-ebert-haale enna multy purposes haal upayogichaanu ithu srishtichathu.
parkinsel allengil paarkk dveepil kaandaamrigatthinte theerathullathinaal audyogika staad paarkk allengil munisippal paarkk nagara kendratthil ninnu alppam akaleyaan (ennirunnaalum #10 tram vazhi athicheraan eluppamaanu).
pradhana steshanu vadakkum sitti haalinu padinjaarum sthithi cheiyunnathinaal friedence paarkk sitti centarinode aduthaanu. muun vyavasaya mekhalayil srishticha ludwigshafen paarkkukalil ettavum praayam kuranjathaanu ithu.
koodaathe, praanthapradeshangalil oru thoovaalayekkaal alppam valuppamulla niravadhi cheria paarkkukal undu, udaaharanathinu staad paarkk ogarsheem, ridesampark, alvin-mitaash-plaits, friesenheimile friesenpark, staad paarkk oppo, burgerpark piffingstwide allengil sedvits paarkk mundenheim.
moudaakku, gartenstad, ogarshaim ennivaykkidayilulla padinjaarulla moudaachar brachu, randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham avashishtangalum avashishtangalum kondu nirmmicha parvathamaaya michelsburg (126 meter) ulppede valare vipulavum kuthirakkutty aakruthiyilullathumaaya pradesamaanu. raasa kambanikalil ninnu amithamaayi bhoogarbhajalam verthirichedukkunnathu moolam bhoogarbhajalanirapp kurayukayum prakrithiyude vaividhyam samrakshikkappedaathirikkum cheiyunnu.
thekk bhaagath ulla kiffsher ware raine nadiyumaayi bandhippichirikkunnu, vaaranthya camping pradeshangalaal chuttappettirikkunna ithu yaachu thuramukhamaayi pravartthikkunnu.
eratta pattanangal-sahodari nagarangal.
ludwigshafen erattakalaana

