
noow ramishvili

oru georgian raashtreeyakkaaranum demookratik republic oof jorjiyayude aadya sarkkaarinte prasidantumaayirunnu noye bezarionis seey ramishvili (; addehathinte peru "noha" allengil "noyi" ennum lipyantharanam cheyyappedunnu; 5 epril 1881-7 desember 1930). russian soshyal demookratik laber party menshevik vibhaagathile nethaakkaliloraalaayirunnu addeham. piottar", "semionov enn" ennee party naamangalalum addeham ariyappettirunnu.
1902ll russian soshyal demookratik laber partyil chernna addeham taamasiyaathe menshevikkukalude oru pramukha vakthavaayi.
jeevacharitram.
aadyakaala varshangal.
noye bezarionis seey ramishvili oru karshaka kudumbathilaanu janichathu. addehathinte pithaav besaariyon ramishvili thadi veedukal nirmikkunnathil praaveenyamullayaalayirunu. 1887ll noyi graamatthile primery schoolil chernnu. 1890 muthal 1894 vare addeham oosurgetti daivashaasthra seminariyil padichu. 1894ll addeham kutaisi daivashaasthra seminariyil patanam thudarnnu, avide vidyaarthikalude saamoohika-janaadhipathya vrithangalude pravarthanangalil addeham earppettu. birudam nediya sesham 1900-ll addeham eurave sarvakalashaalayil chernnu, avide ninnu 1901 march 3-nuu vidyaarthi pravarthanangalil pankedutthathinu purathaakkappettu. avidevechu addeham russian soshyal demookratik partyil amgamaayi. 1902 februvariyil addehathe punasthaapichenkilum oduvil addehathe veendum puratthaakkukayum addehathinte viplava pravarthanangalkku cocusasilekku naadukadatthukayum cheythu.
noye ramishvili sajeevamaaya oru raashtreeyajeevitham aarambhichu, ippol addeham jorjiyayilekku thirichetthi. addeham battumiyil thaamasikkukayum swakaarya paadangal padippikkukayum aarr. ezz. dii. ell. piyude baattumi kammittiyude pravarthanangalil earppedukayum cheythu. 1903ll tbilisiyil aarr. ezz. dii. ell. pii. cocusus kammitti sthaapikkumbol addeham battumi kammittiyude prathinidhiyaayirunnu. 1903 juunil addehathinte neethrthwathil karshakarude saamoohika-janaadhipathya samiti sthaapikkappettu. battoomiyileyum guriayileyum viplava prasthaanatthinte nethaakkaliloraalaayi ramishvili maari. 1903ll addeham "solgierhood" enna niyamaviruddha pusthakam prasidheekarichu. gendermery thanne pinthudarunnathinaal 1904 ll addeham battumi vittu, "appolon sophromy lomadse" enna peril niyamaviruddha pasportumaayi addeham tbilisiyil sthirathaamasamaakki. avide addeham aarr. ezz. dii. ell. pii. tbilisi kammittiyil amgamaayi. 1904 october 3nuu addehathe arast cheyyukayum baattumiyilekk thirichayakkukayum cheythu. october 18nuu yaathrakkaarude sahaayathode rostov-oonn-donilum noverosiyiskilum anadhikrithamaayi thaamasichu addeham akambadi rakshapettu. avide addeham thante party pravartthanam thudarukayum aarr. ezz. dii. ell. pii thala samiti amgamaayirunnu. partyile pilarppinte falamaayi addeham menshevikkukalude paksham chernnu. menshevikkukalum bolshevikkukalum thammilulla battumi, chiyathura, khidistaavi ennividangalile samvaadangalil pankedutthu.
1905leeii viplavam.
1905 februvariyil addeham tbilisiyilekku madangi. menshevik samghadanakalude niyamaviruddha kongrasil menshevik cocusus regional kammittiyil amgamaayi thiranjedukkappettu. bolshevikkukalkkethiraaya charchakalil sajeevamaayi pankedukkukayum bolshevikkukalude swaadheenam kuraykkunnathinaayi pravisyakalil charchakalil pankedukkukayum cheythukondu addeham thante vagmiparamaaya kazhivukalkk perukettirunnu. noy jordaaniyaykkoppam addeham niyamavirudhamaaya menshevik maasikayaaya "soshyal demokraattukal" edittu cheythu. 1905leeii russian viplavakaalath addeham tbilisiyile nethaakkalilum samghaadakaril oraalaayirunnu, sayudha "redu gaardukalude" roopeekaranathil earppettirunnu. okhranka metteeriyalukal" addehathe viplava bheekarathayude pithaav ennu visheshippichu. niravadhi thavana arast cheyyappettenkilum svayam mochippichu veettilekku madangaan addehathinu kazhinju. viplavathinte paraajayathinu sesham addeham durbalamaaya samghadanakalude punasthaapanatthinu neethrthwam nalki, niyamavirudhamaaya party prasidheekaranangalude samghaadakanaayirunnu, russian saamraajyathinte samsthaana dumayil soshyal-demookratik party thiranjeduppu prachaaranatthinu neethrthwam nalki. 1907ll landanil nadanna aarr. ezz. dii. ell. piyude anchaam kongrasil tbilisi oorganaiseshante prathinidhiyayi pankeduttha addeham menshevik kendrakammitti amgamaayi thiranjedukkappettu.
1908 muthal 1910 vare addeham germmaniyil thaamasikkukayum marxism padikkukayum germmaniyile soshyal demookratik partyumaayi parichayappedukayum leapsig sarvakalashaalayil swatantra shrothaavaayirunnu. saambathikashaasthravum thathwashaasthravumaayirunnu addehathinte thaalpparya mekhalakal. eee kaalayalavil addeham "charitraparamaaya bhauthikavaadam" enna prabandham rachichu. 1908ll, rsdlp sekkinte oru yogathil pankedukkaan addeham leapsigil ninnu jeneevayilethi, avide addeham staaline nerittu, ithu iruvarum thammilulla shaareerika tharkkatthilekku nayichu. 1910ll addeham jorjiyayilekku madangiyenkilum november 2nuu arast cheyyappedukayum rostov-oonn-donilake maattukayum cheythu. rostovile georgian naadukadatthappetta kolaniyude thalavanaayirunnu addeham. 1913ll addeham petrograadile stettu dumayude saamoohika-janaadhipathya vibhaagathil kurachu maasangal jolie cheythu, thudarnnu niyamavirudhamaayi jorjiyayilekku madangukayum niyamavirudhamaaya party pathrangale nayikkukayum cheythu-aadyam kudaisiyilum pinneedu tbilisiyilum. onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu georgian swaathanthryaprashnam pariharikkunnathinulla partyile charchakalkku thudakkamittayaalaayirunnu addeham.
georgian viplavam.
februvari viplavathinushesham addeham tbilisi jillayude kammeeshanaraayi niyamithanaayi. athe varsham thanne addeham tbilisiyile thozhilaallikal, karshakar, sainikar ennivarude soviyatt executive kammittiyil amgamaayirunnu. 1917ll aarr. ezz. dii. ell. pii. russian bharanaghadanaa asambliyilekku thiranjedukkappettu. 1917 novemberil noye ramishvili jorjiyayude deseeya kaunsil amgamaayi thiranjedukkappettu. 1918 epril 22 nuu jorjia, armenia, azarbaijan ennivayude ayanja federationaaya transcocatian demookratik federal republicinte aabhyanthara manthriyaayi addeham niyamithanaayi. automan saamraajyavumaayulla charchakalil addeham battumi samadhana prathinidhi samghathinte chairmaanaayirunnu.
1918 meyy 26nuu addeham swaathanthrya prakhyaapanatthil oppuvachu, athe divasam thanne puthuthayi roopeekaricha demookratik republic oof jorjiyayude thaalkkaalika sarkkaarinte aadya chairmaanaayi thiranjedukkappettu. juulai 24 nuu noye jordania addehathinu pakaram noye ramishwili aabhyanthara, vidyaabhyaasa, sainika manthriyaayi vittu. 1918ll addeham paarlament amgamaayirunnu, saamoohika-janaadhipathya vibhaagathin neethrthwam nalki. 1918lum 1919lum karshakarude aswasthathakalodu addeham nadatthiya kadutha prathikaranatthinu georgian prathipaksham addehathe idaykkide vimarsichirunnuvenkilum valia thothilulla bolshevik kalapangal thadayunnathil addehathinte punk avaganikkanaavilla.
1921 march 17nuu jorjiyayile redu armi adhiniveshathinushesham ramishvili francilake kudiyeri. addeham aadyam kudumbathodoppam sent klaudilum pinneedu luville-sarr-jorjilum thaamasichu. bolshevik bharanakoodatthinethiraaya poraattam avasaanichilla, ramishvili jorjiyayude swaathanthryathinaayulla kammittiyil cherukayum aagast prakshobhatthil sajeeva samghaadakanaayi maarukayum cheythu, athu paraajayappedukayum thudarnnu georgian prabhukkanmarkkum budhijeevikalkkumethiraya bahujana adichamarthalukal nadakkukayum cheythu. polandu srishticha bolshevik virudha promethian prasthaanatthil ramishvili sajeevamaayi pankedutthirunnu.
1930 desember 7nuu paareesile enn. keey. vii. dii ejantumaar noye ramishwili vadhichu. luville semitheriyil addehathe samskarichu. jorjiyayil thudarnna addehathinte kudumbam bolshevik adichamarthalinu irayaayi.

