
ulladakkathinte janaadhipathyathinaayulla prasthaanam

1940kalude avasaanam muthal 1970kalude thudakkam vare amerikkayil sajeevamaayirunna oru viplavakaramaaya rashtreeya samghadanayaayirunnu ulladakka janaadhipathyathinaayulla prasthaanam. yuke, yunaittad stetts, padinjaaran jarmmani, dakshinaafrikka ennividangalile grouppukalulla eee prasthaanam swaadheenamulla rashtreeya maasikayaaya "samakaalika vishayangal-ulladakkathinte janaadhipathyathinaayulla oru maasika" prasidheekarikkunnathilaanni kooduthal ariyappedunnathu. jarmman bhashayil ore ulladakkamulla jarmman sahodari prasidheekaranamaaya "ding derr seett" 1997 augustil (avarude aadya lakkam kazhinju krithyam 50 varshathinu sesham) athinte avasana lakkam prasidheekarichu. 1957ll johannesburgile alexandra buzz bahishkaranathil pankedutthathinum ithu ariyappedunnu.
uthbhavam.
1947 juunil "dinch derr seett-seetshrift phur inhaltlishe demokraatti" ("samakaalika prasnangal") enna maasikayude prasidheekaranathilaanu eee prasthaanatthinte uthbhavam. eee maasikayude aadya chila lakkangal nigoodatha niranjathaayirunnu, kaaranam mikkavarum ellah sambhaavakarum oru thoolikaanaamathil ezhuthaan thiranjedutthu.
prasthaanatthinte pramukha saidhaanthikanenna bahumati nediya vyakthi trotskist grouppaaya aii. keey. dii. (internaashanal communistan dutch lands) yile muun jarmman amgamaaya joseph weber aayirunnu. weber-ernst sander, vilyam lunan, eric eriksan ennum ariyappedunnu-1959 ll addehathinte maranam vare "samakaalika prasnangal" ettavum pathivayi sambhavana cheythavaril oralaayi thudarnnu. prasthaanatthinte aadya varshangalile ettavum pramukha amgangal jarmman kudiyettakkaaraayirunnu-muun trotskistukaludeyum maiks loafer, alrichu jacobs, fritts besser thudangiya soshyal demokraattukaludeyum samyojanam. piyari vaattar, richard marther, staanli trevor thudangiya dakshinaafrikkakkaarum pravaasatthil jeevichirunnu. ganithashaasthranjanaaya martin davis, jacob tii. schwarts, harrold ezz. shapiro amgangalaayirunnu. mattoru prashastha amgamaanu araajakavaadi murey bookchin.
paripadi.
karkkashamaaya oru prathyayashaasthra paripadi nadathunnathine prasthaanam ethirkkukayum athinte sthaapakar "vaagdaanangalude gauravameriya urappukal" nalkanamenna ashayam nirasikkukayum cheythu. 1950-ll "samakaalika prashnangalkk" weber nalkia sambhavanakal "mahathaaya uttopiya" enna thalakkettilaayirunnu. prathyayashaasthraparamaayi, paarlamentari janaadhipathyatheyum soviyatt kammyoonisatheyum kurichulla paashchaathya aashayangale ethirtha avar, rund "prathyayashaasthrangaleyum" parasparam shakthippeduthunnavayi kandu. ennittum ulladakkathinte janaadhipathyathinaayulla prasthaanam oru parambaraagatha ardhathilum oru rashtreeya partyaayirunnilla.
vargasamaram" enna parambaraagathamaayi idathupaksha ashayavum athinte anuyaayikal nirasichu, pakaram oru "bhooripaksha viplavam" saadhyamaanennu vishwasichu. samakaalika prashnangalude pejukaliloode pradhanappettathum palappozhum avaganikkappedunnathumaaya vishayangalkk vishalamaaya utharangal nalkikkond nilavilulla adhikaarasamvidhaanangale durbalappeduthumennu avar pratheekshichu.
australiyayile aadima anubhavam polulla vishayangalekkurichulla lekhanangal palappozhum dederotinecurich charcha cheiyunna lekhanangalkoppam prathyakshappedum; athesamayam mattu ezhuthukaar aanavorjam, nagaravikasana muthal bhakshya jeevashasthram vare ellaam charcha cheyyum. 1988 desemberile ding derr seettinte 53-aamm lakkathil pooll brass "ulladakkathinte janaadhipathyathinaayulla prasthaanatthinte" 40 varshathe charithrathilekku thirinjunokki.
pravartthanangal.
mukhyadharaa raashtreeyathil prasthaanatthinte swaadheenam naamamaathramaayirunnu, athinte nethaakkal thammil kalahangalkk saadhyathayund. ennirunnaalum, 1950kalile niravadhi pradhana poraattangalkkaayi athu athinte oorjjam samarppichu. padinjaaran jarmman punarsainikeekaranathe athirkkunnathil jarmman samgham prathyekichum sajeevamaayirunnu. 1956leeii hangarian kalaapathe pinthunachu newyork sitti group kadinamaayi pracharanam nadathukayum bhakshanathile synthetic raasavasthukkalekkurichu mure bookchinte lekhanangal kondu oru elavu undaakkukayum cheythu.
aafrikkan kaviyum aaktivistumaaya vinsent swart bhaarya lilian chernnu sthaapicha johannesburg group niravadhi praadeshika vishayangalil varnnavivechana sarkkaarinethire pracharanam nadatthi prathyeka vijayam nedi. 1957 leeii alexandra buzz bahishkarana velayil daan moconian kaanicha samghadanayum neethrthwavum ettavum shradheyamaayirunnu. alexandra tounshippu peeples transport kammitti samghadippikkunnathinu chumathalappedutthiya aarr grouppukalil onninte bhaagamaayi, praadeshika buzz kambaniyude vilavardhanavine ethirkkaan moconian tounshippile janangale vijayakaramaayi sahayichu.

