salvioliyude vyaapippikkunna vaxine

1948 muthal 1976 vare bologna sarvakalaashaalayile professor gaittaano salvioli (1894-1982) roopappeduthiya kshayarogathinethiraaya oru itaaliyan vaaksinaayirunnu salvioliyude defusing vaxine (itaaliyan iniishyalukal vds, for ennariyappedunnu). chila pathittaandukalaayi kshayarogathinethiraaya franch bisiji vaaksinte itaaliyan athiraaliyaayirunnu vii. dii. ezz.
charithram.
charithram 1948num idayil professor gaittaano salvioli nirnnaayakamaayi staanderd cheytha vii. dii. ezz, siena sarvakalaashaalayile physiologistum rectorumaaya professor edoardo maragliano (<aii. dii. 1>), professor jiovanni petragnani (<aii. dii. 2>) ennivarude padanangalilum vaxine uthppannangalilum aadyam uthbhavichu. 1903ll madridile waled kongras oof medisinil maraglianoik konnutheerttha basilliyulla oru aanti-tuberculasis serem aadyamaayi vikasippicheduthathi prashamsikkan kazhiyumenkil, petragnani thante muun anubavangal kooduthal vikasippikkukayum 1927 muthal 1935 vare itaaliyan aanti-tuberculasis vaaxine aii. pii. (anattooberkolina integral petragnani) enna peril nirvachikkukayum cheythu. petragnani thante padanavum apekshayum thadassappeduthiyappol (1935ll benitoo musolini pothujanaarogya director generalayi niyamithanayathinaal) professor gaittaano salvioli thante padanavum apekshayum thudarnnu. 1935 muthal 1948 vare salvioli aaa kaalaghattatthil vii. pii. ezz (vaxine petragnani salvioli) enna peril oru vaxine roopeekaranathilekku neengi.
rachana.
vii. dii. kall "micobacterium tuberculosis" (allengil kochinte basilli) ulkkollunnu, ithu choodu moolam kollappedukayum pulippikkal hyluronidasilekku cherkkukayum cheiyunnu.
navajaathasisukkalkkulla oru dossil "kaithandayude palmar mukhatthinte pakuthiyolam bhaagath nadathunna orotta intradermal kuthivayppu, navjata sisuvinu manushyan coach [bii. keey] basilly choodu moolam athivegam kollappedunna kannukaalikalum adangiya liophilised aanti-tuberculosis vaxine oru dose nalkaan upayogikkunnu. eee doses 0.68 milligram manushya bii. keey. yum 0.07 milligram bowine bii. keey. yum aayirunnu, athil 6 vii unitukal chertthu. 0. 2 sisi laayakathil [halovis [hyluronidase] ellaam...]}".
petragnaniyude nilathu" 30-45 divasangalolam kochinte basilli krishi cheythu. bacteria pattinakal allengil krishi cheytha bakteeriyakalude moodupadangal thakarkkukayum aadyam oru spatula pinneedu mechanical stirarukalum upayogichu pulverise cheyyendivarikayum cheythu. 110 digri thapanilayil sammarddathil kurachu minitt choodil thurannukaattiyaanu bacteria suspensionukal kollunnath, pakshe thilappikkunnathu ozhivaakkunnu.
graundu petragnani.
petragnaniyude bhooprakrithiyum ghadanayum thaazhepparayunnavayaayirunnu.
oraal 150 cubic centimeter paal eduthu athil 1 gram peptton, 6 gram urulakkizhangu annajam, tholicha urulakkizhangu enniva kazhuki kashanangalayi chertthu. athu beyne-maari thilappichu konduvarikayum nilam stikki tharatthilulla sthiratha kaivarikkunnathuvare ellaam elakkukayum cheythu. athu avasheshichu, ellaayppozhum oru beyne-maariyil mattoru 30 minitt koodi. ithu 40 digri vare thanuppikkukayum 4 muttakalum oru manjakkaruvum cherkkukayum cheythu. oru graajvetted silindarile sterail gass vazhi filter cheytha njangal 2 sathamaanam malaakkaittilekk 3 sathamaanam glycerinum 4 sathamaanam jaleeya lion filtrettilekku chertthu.
pinneedu valia tyoobukalaayi vitharanam cheyyukayum petragnani thanne roopakalppana cheytha oru upakaranathiloode 30 minitt <aii. dii. 1> degrick urappikkukayum cheythu, ithu oru thermoregulator prathyeka valia cherinja tubeukalum nalki, angane mannu oru fluit kokku pole urachunilkkunnu.
aaplikkeshan mekhalakal.
yudhaananthara randaam kaalaghattatthil, italiyil tibi vyaapanam appozhum valare uyarnnathaayirunnu, pakshe antituberculus prathirodha kuthivayppu nirbandhamaayirunnilla.
1948 muthal 1970 vare italiyude vividha bhaagangalil vii. dii. ezz valare vyaapakamaayi prayogikkappettirunne akkaalathe grandhasoochika soochippikkunnu. 1970ll ekadesham 100,000 prathirodha kuthivayppukal nadathiyathaayi prakhyapikkukayum nalla phalangal labikkukayum cheythu.
professor gaittaano salvioli thanne samvidaanam cheytha bologna sarvakalaashaalayile pediatric klinikkil, prathyekichu bologna munisippaalittiyilum pravishyayilum ithu vyaapakamaayi prayogichu.
varshangalayi niravadhi itaaliyan kendrangal (pediatric klinikkukal, provincial kansorshya aantityoobarkolaari, oommiyude aasthaanam (ooppara naasiyonal metternitta infancia) undaayirunnu, avar akkaalat paranjathupole itaaliyan shailiyilulla vaxine "franch shailiyilulla vaxine", bcjiyil ninnu verthirichariyaan upayogichirunnu.
vii. dii. ezz videshathum prayogichu jappaanile osakka, checoslovakia, polandu, colvesi (ippol demookratik republic oof kongoyil).
bologna pradeshathu (munisippaalittiyum pravisyayum) navajaathashishukkalil 80 sathamaanam vare prathirodha kuthivayppu eduthittundu. venis pravisyayil, 1953 num 1958 num idayil ekadesham 16,000 perkku, prathyekichu primery school kuttikalkk aanti tubercolor provincial kansorshyam prathirodha kuthivayppu nalki.
doloyude (venis) swamedhayaa ulla pareekshanam.
pareekshanam 1943-nte aadya maasangalkkumidayil venesile aantityoobarkolar kansorshyathinte director professor sandro tarona (1901-1972) venesile anaathaalayamaaya pio oospedel della piyattayile 354 kuttikalkk prathirodha kuthivayppu nalkiyirunnu. nagaratthile bomb spodanathethudarnnu 132 kuttikale venesile doloyude aarogyakendra kettidatthilekku maatti, athil 54 perkku vii. pii. ezz. kuthivayppu nalki. nirbhagyavashaal, shayarogavum aarogyakendrathil praveshichu, ithu niravadhi irakale baadhichu. eee swamedhayaa ulla sahacharyam yudhathinushesham ekadesham 10 varshatholam oru asaadhaarana kesai padichu. yuddham kaaranam oru varshathe nirbandhitha sahavaasathin sesham, prathirodha kuthivayppu edutha 54 peril 49 perr athijeevichu. 5 perr marichuvenkilum mattu kaaranangalal ithu sambhavichuvennu postmortem parishodhichu. kuthivaypu edukkaatha 78 peril 48 perr athijeevichenkilum 12 perr kshayarogam moolam marichu. mattu 18 perr mattu kaaranangalal marichu.
vii. dii. siyude rund nirmmathaakkal.
doow. marino goleenelliyude bolognayude "alfa famsuitiesy" enna kambaniyaanu itaaliyan aanti-tubercular vaxine vii. dii. ezz. aadyam nirmmichathu.
mikacha phalangalum vii. dii. siyude vyaapanavum kanakkiledukkumbol, 1956 num 1958 num idayil milaanile ism (isttittootto searoterapico milanese serafino belfanti), pinneedu manyanaaya jiovanni baattista miglioriyude neethrthwathil, "alfa" yill ninnu ulppaadana avakasham nedi. italiyile serangaludeyum vaaksinukaludeyum ettavum valia pothu kambaniyaayirunnu dhaa aii. ezz. emm oof milan. poornnamaayum milan munisippaalittiyude udamasthathayilulla laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna oru sthaapanamaayirunnu, 1894 muthal 1994 vare milaanile darvin vazhi oru plaant undaayirunnu.
rund varshathe kaalayalavil aii. dii. 1. aii. ezz. emm aarr vitharanangal nirmmichu. ennirunnaalum, 1958-leeii venalkkaalath, 3000 kashanangalude "aaraamathe vitharanam" professor gaittaano salvioli nalkia protocolumaayi poruthappedunnillenna kandethiyathinal addeham vaxine uthppaadanam upekshichu. eee baachu oru aswaabhaavikamaaya prathirodha kuthivayppinu kaaranamaayi, kuthivayppu samayat oru playg, venis pravisyayil ninnulla 2797 school kuttikalum ferrarayileyum tristeyileyum shishukkalum ulppedunnu. playg bhedamaakaan niravadhi maasangal vendivannu.
1959 muthal, italiyil bisiji audyogikamaayi sweekarikkaanulla aarogya manthraalayathinte theerumaanam (1976 juun 25 leeii manthrithala utharavinte art.1) vare, vii. dii. sukalude uthpaadanam doow. marino goleenelli.

