
swartberg

dakshinaafrikkayile padinjaaran keppu pravishyayile oru parvathanirakalaanu swartberg parvathangal (aafrikkan bhashayil "black parvatham"). ardha varanda cheria kaaruvinte vadakkan attathu ekadesham kizhakk-padinjaaru bhagathaayi rund pradhana parvathanirakal chernnathaanu ithu. eee parvathanirayude vadakku dakshinaafrikkayile mattoru valia ardha varanda pradeshamaaya grettu kaaroo sthithicheyyunnu. swartberg parvathanirakalil bhooribhaagavum 2000 meterinu mukalilaanu, ithu padinjaaran keppile ettavum uyaram koodiya parvathanirakalaakkunnu. padinjaaru laingsburgin thekk ninnu kizhakk villomorinum uniondelinum idayil 230 kilometer vare vyaapichukidakkunna ithu ettavum neelam koodiya onnaanu. bhoomishaasthraparamaayi, eee parvathangal keppu fold belttinte bhagamaanu.
swartberginte bhooribhaagavum yuneskoyude loka paithruka saittinte bhagamaanu.
rund shrenikalum.
cheriyathum valuthumaaya swartberg parvathanirakal enna audyogikamaayi peritta rund parvathanirakal ulkkollunnathaan swartberg.
"clain swartberge".
iva randilum ettavum padinjaaru bhagathaanu cheria swartberg. virodhaabhaasamennu parayatte, 2325 meter uyaramulla pravishyayile ettavum uyaram koodiya kodumudiyaaya sev weaks portpeak (ezhu aazhchathe kolaniyude kodumudi) ulppede eee parvvathanirakal ettavum uyaramullathaanu. 2189 meter uyarathil ladismithile clain karoo pattanatthinu mukalilulla prashasthamaaya towercope (manthravaadiniyude kodumudi) gopurangal. aithihyamanusarichu, oru manthravaadavum thudarnnulla minnalgolavum kondu vibhajikkapetta villal kodumudiyude perilaanu eee kodumudi ariyappedunnathu.
"grott swartberge".
grettar swartberg kizhakk sthithicheyyunnu, rund parvathanirakalum thammilulla vibhajana rekha gamka nadiyaanu, ithu parvathanirakaliloode nerittu oru malayidukkine murichukalayunnu. ekadesham samanamaaya uyaramulla eee bhagam uyarathil alpam kuravaanu, 2132 meter uyaramulla tearberg (pullipuli parvvatham) aanu ettavum uyaram koodiyathu. swartberg parvathanirakalude thekk vashath 300 kilometer folt lainil uyarthunnathiloode thurannukaattappedunna chunnaambukallu adithattilulla paarakalile cango guhakal eee parvathanirakalil kaanapedunnu (idathuvashathulla rekhaachithram kaanuka). aouttshooninu vadakku sthithi cheiyunna dakshinaafrikkayile ettavum prashasthamaaya bhoogarbha samvidaanamaanithu.
malayora pathakal.
niravadhi paasukal swartberg shreniyiloode kadannupokunnu, iva praadhamikamaayi avaa vichedikkunna athisayakaramaaya bhoomishaasthrathinum avayiludaneelamulla niravadhi roottukal poortthiyaakkunnathinu aavashyamaaya enchiniyaring naipunyathinum prashasthamaan.
mairingspoort (1858).
aadyathe churam murichumaattunnathuvare, eee parvathangal phalatthil marikadakkaan kazhiyathavayaayirunnu, koodaathe cheria kaaruvil ninnum theerathu ninnum valia kaaruvine murichumaatti. beaufort vestt bisinasukaaranum (pinneedu pradhaanamanthriyumaaya) joonn molteno andrew beyne, thomas beyne ennivarodoppam oru paasinayi aadyam rench sarway cheythu. 1854ll beaufort vesttil ninnu kuthirappurathu orazhcha neenda savaarikkaayi avar purappettu, rench kadannupokaanum roottukal aasoothranam cheyyaanum.
paas murichumaattukayum 223 pravrithi divasangalkkullil root poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu, ithu aaa kaalaghattatthile enchineeyaringinte ettavum asaadhaaranamaaya nettangalilonnaanu. keppu kolaniyude ulbhaagathe sambandhichidatholam ithu oru valia saambathika chuvaduvayppaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, 1870 aayappozhekkum raajyathe kambili kayattumathiyude ettilonnu mayaringspoorttiloodeyaan kadannupoyathu.
oru nadhi kothiyeduttha paatha upayogichu swartberg parvathanirayiloode mairingspoort rooad gathagatham nalkunnu. poortt" thekk dii rust pattanatthe vadakku clarstroom pattanavumayi bandhippikkunnu. avishwasaneeyamaaya paara roopeekaranangaliloode manoharamaaya oru drive vaagdaanam cheiyunna ithu dii rust pattanatthil avasaanikkunna oru vaarshika haff maarathaninte pashchaathalamaanu. aadhunika kootticherkkalukal ardhamaakkunnathu niravadhi vyathyastha paasukal ippol renchiloode vyathyastha roottukal murichumaattunnu ennaanu.
sweave weaks portt (1862).
clain swartberjil" vidoora padinjaaru bhaagathulla eee churam, aadhunika pattanamaya linesburghin vadakku "ruinek churatheyum" thekk cheria kaaruvineyum bandhippikkunnu.
thudakkathil enchineeyarmaarillaatha kuttavaalikalude oru samghamaanu ithu nirmmichathu. 1859ll aarambhicha eee punny oduvil aadam dii shmidt etteduthu. 1862ll ithu poortthiyaakki thurannu.
swartberg paas (1888).
thekk audshoorninum vadakku prins albertinum idayil ozhukunna swartberg churamaanu ettavum prashastam.
beyninte clufe churavum athilereyum nirmmicha prashasthanaaya andrew geddes beyninte makan thomas beynaanu swartberg churam nirmmichathu. kuttavaalikalude thozhil upayogichaanu ithu nirmmichathu, 1888 januvari 10 nuu ithu thurannu.
churam pakka allaathathum mazhaykku sesham apakadakaravumaayirikkaamenkume vadakku cheria kaaroo, valia kaaroo ennivayude kazhchayum asaadhaaranamaaya bhoomishaasthravum undu. lokathile ettavum mikacha thurannukidakkunna madakkupaathakalulla parvathashringhalakalil" onnaayi kanakkaakkappedunna eee swartberg churatthinte vadakkan attathu prakadamaanu. noorukanakkinu enangal eee chathuppunilatthil kaanappedunnathinal churatthile sasyajaalangal prathyekichum rasakaramaan. chila hairpin valayangale pinthunaykkunna draiston varkk sradheyamaanu. 
swartbergiloode kooduthal kizhakode, mairingspoort vazhi rooad gathagatham labhyamaan.
prins albert vaarshika swartberg paas haff maarathaninu aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu. rays root pattanatthinu puratthekkum swartberg churatthilekkum pookunnu, iruvashathum paarakalum parvathangalum undu. valanjathum valanjathumaaya paara roopeekaranangal manoharavum manoharavumaanu.
olivu uthsavathodanubandhichu saadhaaranayaayi meyy maasatthile aadya shaniyazhchayaanu eee malsaram nadakkunnathu.

