
gabriel suchon

aadhunika kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil sthreekalude saamoohikavum raashtreeyavum mathaparavumaya avasthayekkurichulla samvaadangalil pankeduttha oru franch dhaarmika thathwachinthakanaayirunnu gabrielle suchon (desember 24,1632, semur-enn-ooksooyil-march 5,1703, dijonil). traatti deey laa moral ettu dii laa polittik" (daarmikathayeyum raashtreeyatheyum kurichulla prabandham), "duu selibatt voluntaire" (swathanthramaayi thiranjedukkappetta brahmacharya jeevithathe kurichulla) ennivayaanu avarude ettavum pradhanappetta kruthikal.
sthreekalude vishayathinayi maathram samarppichirikkunna oru supradhana kruthi nirmmicha aadyathe thathwachinthakanaayi susoon kanakkaakkappedunnu. purushanmarayirunnu praadhamika prekshakar ayirunna akkaalathe mikka dhaarmika thathwachinthakalkkum vipareethamaayi sthreekale prathyekamaayi abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinaal sukhoninte rachana savisheshamaan. purusha boudhika upadeshtaavo bharthaavo illaatha akkaalathe eaka vanita thathwachinthakayaayi avar kanakkaakkappedunnu.
swaathanthryam, patanam, adikaaram ennivayude swaabhaavika avakaashangalkk sthreekal arharaanenn sukhon thante kruthikalil vaadikkunnu. avivahithayaayirikke oru sthreek samthrupthamaaya jeevitam nayikkaan kazhiyumennum mathethara padangalil swamedhayaa brahmacharyathinte shakti prolsaahippikkumennum avar vaadikkunnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1632 desember 24nuu fraansile semur-enn-ooksiyoosil (bargandi) claude monkin, claude suchon ennivarude makalaayi gabriel suchon janichu. gabriyelinte amma clad monkin thaarathamyena sambannavum bhoovudamayum aaya kudumbatthil ninnaan vannath. monkin kudumbatthile palarum fraansil niyamanjaraayi sevanamanushtichittundu. charitraparamaayi pothu udyogastharaayirunna cheria prabhukkanmaarude oru nirayil ninnaan gabrielinte pithaav vannath. 1645ll marikkunnathuvare clad suchon raajaavinte prosecuterayi sevanamanushtichu.
gabriel sukhoninu claude suchon enna perilulla oru ilaya sahodaran undayirikkaam.
vidyaabhyaasam.
pothu sthaapanangalil padikkunnathil ninnu sthreekale vilakkiyathinaal sudon svayam vidyaabhyaasam nediyirunnu. vishudhagrandhangalilum classic, samakaalika thathwachinthakarudeyum ezhuthukaarudeyum pravarthanangalilum avarkk nalla praaveenyamundaayirunnu avarude rachanakal vyakthamaakkunnu.
socreties, plaatto, aristottil, sisaro, seneca, plutarch, mattu purathana thathwachinthakar ennivarude kruthikal sudon padichu. sthreekalude samathvathinaayulla thante vaadangal roopappeduthunnathinu avar sthreegunangaleyo roopangaleyo prashamsichu.
seyint polulla pandithanmaarude pravarthanatheyaanu sudon soochippikkunnathu. thomas aandu sent. joonn oof dhii cross. francois pouleyn dii laa baare ezhuthiya "rund lingangalude samathvam" (1673) enna sradheyamaaya feminist grandhatthil ninnulla avakaashavaadangalodum avar prathikarikkunnu.
sudon thante "swabhaavam dii laa moral ettu dii laa polittikk" enna pusthakatthil baibilinte vividha adhyayangalil ninnulla thelivukal udharikkunnu. avar thante aadya varshangal oru madathilaanu chelavazhichathu, avide avarkk oru kanyaasthreeyude matha vidyaabhyaasam labhichittundaakam. oru purusha bishappinte vyaakhyaanamillaathe vedagrandhathil ninnu nerittu vaayikkunnathil ninnu kanyaasthreekale vilakkiyirunnu, ithu soochippikkunnathu, aankutti konventinu purathu thante baibil vidyaabhyaasam thudarnnuvennu soochippikkunnu. sudon svayam vidyaabhyaasamullavalaayirunu; konventil ninnu rakshappettathinusesham aval baibil, klaasikkukal, samakaalika thathwachintha ennivayude vaidagdhyam nedi.
praayapoortthiyaayavarude jeevitam.
semoorile konvent.
sudoninte praayapoorthiyaaya jeevitam praadhamikamaayi audyogika sabhaa rekhakaliloodeyaanu kootticherkkappedunna. praayapoorthiyaaya pala varshangalilum aval evideyaanennathu oru rahasyamaayi thudarunnu. 1645ll pithaavinte maranashesham semoorile oru dominican konventilekku ayachathum 1666 vare avide thaamasichathum sukhonaanennu mikka srothassukalum parayunnu.
sameepakaala charitra gaveshanangal eppol, enthukondaanu sukhonine semoorile konventilekku ayachathennu tharkkikkunnu. pithaavinte maranashesham taamasiyaathe kudumbatthinte saambathika bharam laghookarikkaanaanu sukhonine konventilekku ayachathennu chilar anumaanikkunnu. abhikaamyamaaya oru vivaham urappakkunnathil parajayappettathine thudarnnu kurachu varshangalkk sesham avale konventilekku ayachirikkaamennu mattullavar parayunnu.
prathijnjakalude malsaram.
1666 october 15nuu sukhonine semoorile konventil ninnu langarasile jacobin aashramathilekku niyamaparamaayi maattiyenn palli rekhakal velippeduthunnu. susanne eppozhengilum langress konventil thaamasichittundo ennu vyakthamalla. poornnamaayum rakshappedaanum romilek yaatra cheyyaanum sudon eee kaimaattatthinte vesham upayogichirikkaamenn chilar oohikkunnu. thante prathinjakale ethirkkaanum svayam saadhaaranakkaaranaayi punasthaapikkaanum sudon maarpaappaykk oru nivedanam nalki. 1672 septambar 10nuu romile kaunsil sabha sudoninte harji vaayichu. 1673ll sudon laamgarukalile kanyaasthreekalil undaayirunnillenn rekhakal kaanikkunnu. avalude prathinjakale apalapikkanulla sudoninte aagrahamaan avalude jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum kudumbavumaayulla bandham vashalakkaan kaaranam.
oru saadhaarana sthriyenna nilayil jeevitam.
konventinu purathulla sukhoninte jeevithathekkurichu valare kurachu maathrame ariyoo. 1673ll oru saadhaarana sthreeyaayittaan sukhon thante jeevitam aarambhichath. 1693ll "trette dii laa moral ettu dii laa polittik" purathirakkunnathinu munbu sukhon ekadesham irupathu varsham dijon adhyaapanathilum ezhuthilum chelavazhichathaayi thelivukal soochippikkunnu.
susoon jeevithakalam muzhuvan avivahithayaayi thudarnnu. kuttikale padippikkunnathinum ezhuthunnathinum avasana varshangal chelavazhicha sesham 1703 march 5 nuu fraansile dijonil vachu gabriel suchon marichu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
pashchaathalam.
europil (14-17 noottaand) "kwerrell dess femms" enna boudhika samvaadam nadakkumbozhaanu sudon ezhuthiyathu. "kwerrell dess femmes' ennaal 'sthree chodyam' ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu. prasthaanatthile ezhuthukaar sthreekalkkethiraaya akramanangalodu sthreethvathinte dhaarmikavum saamoohikavumaaya swabhaavam charcha cheythukondu prathikarichu. kwerrell dess femmessil" pankedutthavar purusha-sthree budhijeevikalude asamamaya mishrithamaayirunnu. sthreekalude avasthaye kendreekarichulla oru vibhaagathil polum purushanmaar prasthaanatthil aadhipathyam pulartthi. avarude kruthiyude ulladakkavum avar ezhuthiya samayavum kaaranam, mikka charitrakaaranmaarum eee janakeeya boudhika prasthaanatthinu sambhavana nalkiyathaayi karuthunnu.
kwerrell dess femms" prasthaanatthil ulppetta vaadangalude sthaapitha ghadana rund sameepanagal ulkkollunnu charithrathiludaneelam avarude pravartthanangal avarude yogyathaykku udaaharanamaayi kaanikkunna sthreekale pattikappedutthukayum sthreekale asamaraayi kaanunnathin pinnile saamoohikavum saambathikavumaaya kaaranagal vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. sudoninte "traattit dii laa moral ettu dii laa polittik" "kwerrell dess femus" enna pramukha ezhuthukaar munnottuvacha maathrkayil ninnu vyathyasthavum vipuleekarikkunnathumaayir. samagravum aadhikaarikavumaaya oru rachanayaya oru prabandham ezhuthunna "kwerrell dess femmessil" pankedukkunna eaka vanithayaanu susoon. thante grandhatthil, thante sailiyum sameepanavum moulikamaanennu avar sthaapikkukayum oru ezhuthukaariyenna nilayil thante vyakthithvathinu oonnal nalkukayum cheiyunnu. kwerrell dess femmesinte staanderd argumentative shailikalekkaal mikachathaanu thante reethikalennu avar vishwasichirunnathaayi avarude rachanakal soochippikkunnu."
vivaahathe poornnamaayum apalapikkukayum mathethara ardhathil sthree brahmacharyathekkurichu charcha cheyyukayum cheytha aadyathe thathwachinthakanaanu sudon. koodaathe, thante prekshakar purushanmaaralla, sthreekalaanennu prasthaavikkunna aadya thathwachinthakaril oraalaan avar. ithu pradhaanamaan, kaaranam sthreekalkku vaayanayil ninnum boudhika pravarthanangalil pankedukkunnathil ninnum vilakkundaayirunnu, adisthaanaparamaayi ellah sthaapitha academic vidagtharum avarude jeevithakaalathu purushanmarayirunnu. avalude kaazhchappaad budhijeevikalum saadhaaranakkaaranum, purushano sthriyo, samoolamaayi kanakkaakkumaayirunnu.
"swabhaavam dii laa moral ettu dii laa polittik" (daarmikathayeyum raashtreeyatheyum kurichulla prabandham).
jii' enna thoolikaanaamathil 'traatte dii laa moral ettu dii laa polittik' aanu sudon aadyam prasidheekarichathu. ezz. 1693-ll 'aristophail' enna thoolikaanaamathil 'mikavu' ennartham varunna aristoo, 'kaamukan' ennartham varunna phail ennee greak verukal adangiyirikkunnu. mikavinte premikal' ennartham varunna vaakkukalude oru naadakamaanu suchante thoolikaanaamam. sudon oru thoolikaanaamam upayogikkunnundengil, "swabhaavam dii laa moral ettu dii laa polittikk" ennathinte aamukhathil thaan oru sthreeyaanenn velippeduthaan aval bhayappedunnilla.
traattit dii laa moral ettu dii laa polittik" enna grandhatthil sthreepeedanathekkurichu oru vishakalanam ulkkollukayum eee puraathanavum vyapakavumaaya durithatthinu oru pariharam nirddeshikkukayum cheiyunnu."aashrithathvathinteyum anjjathayudeyum changalakal upekshikkaan sthreekale prachodippikkukayaanu sudon lakshyamidunnathu. sudoninte grandhatthe swaathanthryam, patanam, adikaaram enningane moonnu vibhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. thangalude thaazhnna avastha thangalude lingathinu swaabhaavikamaanennu pala sthreekalum vishwasikkunnuvennu prasthaavichaanu sukhon thante grandham aarambhikkunnath. eee ashayathe apalapikkunna sudon, sthreekalkku purushanmaarkk thulyamaaya padanatthinum svayambharanathinumulla sheshiyundennu prasthaavikkunnu. sthreekale svakaaryamekhalayil thadavilaakkunnathu adichamarthalinte oru samvidaanamaanennu avar vaadikkunnu. saamoohika pratheekshakale cherukkaanum purushanmaarodulla anyayamaaya adimatham mattunnathinulla oru maargamaayi vidyaabhyaasam nedaanum avar sthreekalodu abhyarthikkunnu.
sthreekaludeyum purusha medhaavithvathinteyum keezhppedutthal shakthippeduthunnathinu oru upakaranamaayi mathavum vedagrandhangalum upayogikkunnundennu sukhon avakaashappedunnu. sthree svayambharanathekkurichulla avarude ashayam bharthaakkanmaarudeyum sabhaa pithakkanmaarudeyum adhikaarathe nerittu velluvilikkunnu.
sthree shaaktheekaranathinaayulla thante vaadangal roopappeduthunnathinu sudon classical, mathagrandhangal upayogikkunnu. avarude mathagrandhangalude upayogam aadhunika charitrakaaranmaarkku oru charchaavishayamaanu. mathagrandhangal ozhivaakkunnathil paraajayappedunnathinaal, prabudhathaykku sheshamulla chinthakar sukhoninte kruthiye daarshanika yogyathayude abhaavamaayi tharamthirikkum.
swaathanthryam.
swaathanthryathekkurichu thante vibhaagathil, charithrathiludaneelam sthreekalkku swaathanthryam nashtappedunnathinte sankeernavum vipulavumaaya swabhaavam sukhon chithreekarikkunnu.
sthreekalkku purushanmaaril ninnu swathanthrarum thulyarumaayirikkaanulla kazhivundennu theliyikkunnathinayi saahithyathilum charithrathiludaneelamulla prashamsaneeyamaaya sthreekalude udaaharanagal sudon nalkunnu. shaareerika swaathanthryavum arivu kandethanulla swaathanthryavum swaabhaavika avakaashangalaanennu avar vaadikkunnu.
purushanmaar sthreekale adichamarthukayum avahelikkukayum cheiyunnuvennum adichamarthunnavare bahumanikkaan sthreekal nirbandhitharaakunnuvennum sukhon parayunnu. swathanthraraayirikkaan daivam yukthisahamaya jeevikale srishtichuvennum sthreekalkku yadhaartha swaathanthryathinulla avakasham nalkappedumbol, sthreekal purushanmaarekkaal antharleenamaayi thaazhnnavaraanenna purathana ashayathe avarkk nishedhikkaan kazhiyumennu avar vaadikkunnu.
padikkunnu.
budhiyil sthreekal purushanmaarkk thulyaraanennu sukhon vivarikkunnu. sthreekalude arivu nashtappedunnathu daivikamo prakrithidatthamo aaya niyamathilalla" ennu avar vaadikkunnu, koodaathe manushyanirmmitha saamoohika nirmmaanangalkk sthree adichamarthal kaaranamaanennu avar vaadikkunnu. anjjatha adimathathinte oru roopamaanu" ennu avar vaadikkunnu, koodaathe sthreekalkku purushanmaarodulla avarude adimathathe cherukkaan kazhiyunna upakaranamaayi vidyaabhyaasathe vaadikkunnu.
mathaparamaya kazhchappadil, oru nalla kristhyani svayam mechappeduthaan sramikkunnuvennu suhon vaadikkunnu. aathmeeyamaayum saamoohikamaayum, prathyekichu vidyaabhyaasathiloode svayam mechappeduthunnathinna aavashyamaaya upakaranangal sthreekalkku nashtappedunnu. sthreekalkku arivinulla avakasham nishedhikkunnathiloode avarkk pothumekhalayil ejansi nishedhikkappedunnuvennu sudon vaadikkunnu.
adikaaram.
moonnaamathe vibhaagathil, purushanmaarum sthreekalum thammilulla adhikaarabandhangalekkurich sukhon charcha cheiyunnu. sthreekalkku adikaaram nishedhikkappedumbol, sariyaaya karyangal cheyyaanulla swathasidhamaaya pravanathayude adisthaanathil pravartthikkunnathil ninnu avare thadayunnuvennu avar avakaashappedunnu. prakrithiyude mail daivam purushanmarkkum sthreekalkkum adikaaram nalkiyathaayum athinaal sthreekalekkaal purushanmaarude menma daivathinte ishtathe valachodikkunnuvennum sudon vaadikkunnu.
sthreepeedanathiloode samoohathilum lokathum undaakunna prathikoolafalatthinu soodon oonnal nalkunnu. boudhika samvaadangalil ninnu sthreekale vilakkunnathiloode, samooham mothatthil mahanaaya chinthakaril ninnu vamchithamaakukayaanennu sukhon vaadikkunnu.
purushanmarkkum purushanmarkkum vendi srishtikkappetta oru samoohathinullil sthreekalkku avarude avakashangal yadhaarthathil viniyogikkaan kazhiyumo enna chodyam uyarthunnathiloodeyaanu sudoninte prabandham avasaanikkunnath.
"duu selibatt voluntaire" (swathanthramaayi thiranjeduttha brahmacharyajeevithathekku).
duu selibatt voluntaire" ennathil, sthreekalkku adimathathil ninnu rakshappedaan saadhyamaaya mattoru pariharam sukhon avatharippikkunnu. sajeevamaayi nilanilkkunnathino vidyaabhyaasamullathum arivullathumaya jeevitam nayikkunnathino ulla svayambharanamaayi avar sthree swaathanthryathe vibhavanam cheiyunnu. boudhikatha pinthudaraan oraalkk swaathanthryamulla saamoohika parimithikalaal thadassamillaatha oru jeevitam vivaahathekkaalum mathaparamaya prathijnjakalekkaalum mikachathaanennu avar vaadikkunnu.
nishpakshathayude kanniloode brahmacharyathekkurichu sudon charcha cheiyunnu. sudon "nyootralist" enna padam upayogikkukayum brahmacharya jeevitam nayikkunna sthreekale vivarikkukayum cheiyunnu. nishpakshavaadi" daivathodu samarppithanaan, mattullavare sahayikkukayum svayam valarthukayum cheiyunnu.
sthree brahmacharyathinte panthrand gunangal soosan vishadeekarikkunnu. vivaham upekshikkunnathinte sradheyamaaya oru nettam kuttikale janippikkunnathinuparam pavappettavare paripalikkaanulla kazhivaanu. svayam nilanirthaan pravartthikkunna sambannaraaya sthreekalkkum vidhavakalkkum pavapetta sthreekalkkum brahmacharya jeevitam praapyamaanennu avar choondikkaanikkunnu. kudumbaparamaaya aduppangalum prathibaddhathakalum illaathe varunna vishaadathinulla parihaaramaayi sukhon souhrudathe nirddeshikkunnu.
brahmacharyathe oru mathaparamaya punyamaayittalla, marichu sthreekalkku vyakthigatha svayambharanavum swaathanthryavum nedunnathinulla praayogika paathayaayittaanu sudon kaanunnath. chila sthreekalkku mathaparamaya prathinjakal edukkaanulla aagrahavum chaayvum undayirikkaam enna vastutha thallikkalayukayum mathaparamaya paatha pinthudaraan prolsaahippikkukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, svayam sevanaparamaaya kaaranangalal thangalude cheruppakkaaraaya nishkalankaraaya penmakkalude mail mathajeevitam nirbandhikkunna maathaapithaakkale sugon shakthamayi apalapikkunnu.
maamsatthinte pralobhanangal akattunnathin sthreekale (purushanmaaril ninnu verthirikkal) aavashyamaanenna parakke amgeekarikkappetta ashayam sudon nirasikkunnu. vaasthavathil, mathethara sthreekaleppole thanne kanyaasthreekalum maamsatthinte paapangalkk irayaakunnuvennu avar saakshyappeduthunnu. kanyaasthreekalkk mathaparamaya adikaaram undennu parakke amgeekarikkappettirumne catholica purohithanmaar yadhaartha divyanjjaanam avarude swantham lingathilulla amgangalkkaayi neekkivachirunnuvennu avar vaadikkunnu.
sweekaranam.
thante rachanakal aadyamaayi purathirakkiyappol fraansil sudoninte srishtikalkku kurachu shradha labhichu. susoninte "traatti deey laa moral ettu dii laa polittik" (1693), "duu selibatt volontayar" (1700) enniva prasidheekaricha varsham fraansile pradhana boudhika jenalukalilonnaaya "leeii jenal dess savantsil" avalokanam cheyyappettu. "duu selibatt volontaire" purathirangiyathinushesham mattoru sradheyamaaya franch jenalaaya "novellus dii laa republic dess letrus" ll avatharippikkappettu. eee pradhana franch jenalukalude amgeekaaram kaanikkunnath chila budhijeevikal sugoninte srishtiyude gunanilavaaram kaanukayum avalude kaazhchappaad gauravamaayi edukkukayum cheythuvennaanu.
paarambaryamaayi.
1980kalil feminist prasthaanatthinte randaam punarujjeevanam vare sudon thaarathamyena kandethappedathe thudarnnu. aadhunika kaalaghattatthinte aadyakaalangaliludaneelam purusha budhijeevikal 'sthreevathkarikkappetta' rachanakale apakeerthippeduthiyathiyil sudoninte rachanakalkk kaaryamaaya janapreeti labhichillennu charitrakaaranmaar vaadikkunnu. 1980kalil, suchoninte jeevithavum kruthikalum aadyamaayi feminist charitrakaaranmaarum dhaarmika thathwachinthakarum padichu. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare academic samoohathile swaadheenamulla dhaarmika thathwachinthakanum feminist ezhuthukaaranumaayi sudon sthaapithanaayirunnilla.
sukhoninte kruthikal oru vilapetta charitra rekhayaayi varthikkunnu. pathinezhaam noottaand vare europian sthreekalkku rund jeevita pathakal vaagdaanam cheyyappettirunnu oru bharthaavine kandethuka allengil oru kanyaasthreeyaakuka. vivaham oru sthreeyude swaathanthryathe valareyadhikam adichamarthunnathaayirunnu, chilappol linga vivechanathinte paridhiyil ninnu sthreekalkku swaathanthryam nedaan kazhiyunna oreyoru vediyaayirunnu sanyasini. vidyaabhyaasam nedunnathil sthreekal neridunna budhimuttukalilekkum aadhunika kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil vivaahathinteyum konventukalile jeevithathinteyum yaadhaarthyangalilekkum sudoninte ezhuthu velicham veeshunnu. aadyakaala aadhunika kaalaghattatthile saamskaarika maanadandangalude pashchaathalatthil maathrame soogoninte kaazhchappaadinte praadhaanyam shariyaayi chithreekarikkappedukayulla.
fraansil sthreekalude boudhika parisramangalum saambathika swaathanthryavum valareyadhikam adichamarthappetta kaalaghattamaaya luis pathinaalaamante bharanakaalathu ettavum pramukha vanita anukoola ezhuthukaariyaayi susoon kanakkaakkappedunnu. pramukha vanita anukoola ezhuthukaariyaaya maari dii gorne, sudoninte ettavum samanamaaya samakaalikayaan.
2003ll avarude 300-aamm charamavaarshikathodanubandhi, avarude janmanaadaaya semur-enn-ooksooyisile oru roadinu gabriel sukhoninte peru nalki.
pravrithikalude vitharanam.
franch viplavam vare "billatsinte" klosttaril "duu selibatt volontairinte" oru pakarpp kandethiyirunnu, ithu suchoninte kruthi kuranjathu oru konventilenkilum vaayichirunnuvennu soochippikkunnu."paarees, grenoble, dijon, besaanson, ikes-enn-provence ennividangalil charitrakaaranmaar sudoninte" "trettu dii laa moral ettu dii laa polittikkinte" "bhauthika pakarppukal kandethiyittundu". "paareesile besanzonilum bavarian stettu library (bavarian stettu library), gottingan, florence, roome ennividangalilum "duu selibatt volontaire" kandethiyittundu. videshathekku yaatra cheiyunna franch vaayanakkaarudeyo printarukaludeyo vyapara pradarshanangalilekku paatam konduvarunnathinteyo falamaayirikkaam sukhoninte randaamathe kruthiyude vishalamaaya vyaapanam.
feminist charithratthil sthaanam.
feminist' enna padam ezhuthu, patanam ennee vibhaagangalallaatha oru kaalaghattatthilaanu sudon ezhuthiyathu. bhaaviyile feminist prasthaanatthinte dishaye avarude rachanakal pradhaanamaayum prathifalippikkunnathil sukhonine oru proto-feminist ennaanu visheshippikkunnathu. sameepa varshangalil, pandithanmaar atharakkaarane ettavum sradheyamaaya feministukaliloraalaya simoon dii beauvoyarinte munnodiyaayi visheshippichu.
sthreekalkku oru puthiya saamoohikavum niyamaparavumaaya padavi nirddeshikkunnathu sudon aanu. avarude kruthikal sthreekalkku lingaparamaaya pratheekshakalil ninnu vyathichalikkanum oru puthiya swaathanthryam sweekarikkaanumulla aahvaanamaayi varthikkunnu. aadhunika padangalil, sushoni aadyathe vanita aaktivisttukalil oralaayi kanakkakkaam. manushyavakaasham enna vishayam prathyekamaayi charcha cheytha aadyathe thathwachinthakaril oraalaan sudon."

