
siras megham

aise paralukal kondu nirmmicha uyarnna meghangalude oru janussaanu siras (claude vargeekarana chihnam sii). siras meghangal saadhaaranayaayi velutha ezhakalulla athilolavum vivekapoornavumaayi kaanapedunnu. choodullathum varandathumaaya vaayu uyarumbol siras saadhaaranayaayi roopappedunnu, ithu uyarnna uyarathil paarakalilo loha podikaliloo neeravi nikshepathinu kaaranamaakunnu. aagolathalathil, samudranirappinu idayil evideyum avaa roopappedunnu, uyarnna uyaram saadhaaranayaayi ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalilum thaazhnna uyaram kooduthal dhruvapradeshangalilum.
idiminnalinteyum ushnamekhalaa chuzhalikkattinteyum mukalil ninnu siras meghangal roopappedukayum chilappol mazhayudeyo kodunkaattinteyo varavu pravachikkukayum cheyyum. mazhayum orupakshe kodunkaattukalum varaanirikkunnathinte adayaalamaanengilum, sirasukal svayam aise paralukal veezhunnathinekkaal kooduthalonnumalla. eee paralukal choodullathum varandathumaaya vaayuviloode veezhukayum orikkalum nilathu athaathirikkukayum cheyyumbol avaa illaathaakukayum urukukayum baashpeekarikkappedukayum cheiyunnu. siras meghangal bhoomiye choodaakkukayum kalavastha vyathiyaanathin kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. choodaakkunna bhoomi kooduthal siras meghangal srishtikkaan saadhyathayund, ithu svayam shakthippeduthunna looppinu kaaranamakum.
siras meghangalile aise paralukalkk prakasham edayaakkunnathiloode suurya naaykkal, halos thudangiya opttikkal prathibhasangal srishtikkaan kazhiyum. sirostraattas, serocumulus enningane uyarnna thalatthilulla siras polulla rund meghangalundu. sirostraattas oru meghatthinte sheett poleyaanu, athesamayam serocumulus cheria meghangalude oru paatten poleyaanu. siras, sirostraattas ennivayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, serocumulus meghangalil supercooled (freesing pooyintinu thaazhe) vellathinte thullikal adangiyirikkunnu.
chovva, jupittar, shani, euranus, neptyoon ennivayude anthareekshathilum shani grahatthile valia upagrahangalilonnaya taittanilum siras meghangal roopappedunnu. eee anyagraha siras meghangalil chilath bhoomiyile sirasile jala aise pole amonia allengil meedhane aise kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. millimeterinte aayirathil oru pankilum cheria podikkashanangalal nirmmicha chila nakshathraanthara meghangale siras ennum vilikkunnu.
vivaranam.
thoovalukalulla, mudi poleyulla allengil roopathil paalikalullathayi visheshippikkappedunna neenda aise paralukal kondu nirmmicha budhiparamaaya meghangalaanu siras. 1803 leeii oru pepparil luke howard aadyamaayi shaasthreeyamaayi nirvachicha avarude peru 'kural' allengil 'frinch' ennartham varunna laattin padamaaya 'sirasil' ninnaan uruthirinjathu. avaa suthaaryamaan, athaayath avayiloode sooryane kaanaan kazhiyum. meghangalile aise paralukal saadhaaranayaayi veluthathayi kaanapedaan kaaranamaakunnu, ennaal udikkunnatho asthamikkunnatho aaya suuryanu avaykku manjayo chuvappo nirangal nalkaan kazhiyum. sandhyaasamayath avaa chaaraniratthil kaanapedaam.
castellanus, fibratus, flocus, spissaattas, ansinas enningane anchu vyathyastha kazhcha enangalil siras varunnu
oro inatheyum naalu inangalaayi thirichirikkunnu intortus, vertebraattas, radiatus, duplicattas
siras meghangal palappozhum meghathil ninnu veezhunna bharameriya aise paralukal kondu nirmmicha phaal streakkukal ennariyappedunna mudi polulla philamentukal uthpaadippikkunnu. iva draavaka-jala meghangalil ulppaadippikkunna kanyakaykku samaanamaan. veezhchayude varakalude valupavum aakruthiyum nirnnayikkunnath kaattinte shear aanu.
siras meghaavaranam divasena vyathyaasappedunnu. pakal samayat siras megham kurayukayum raathriyil athu vardhikkukayum cheiyunnu. calypso upagraha daattaye adisthaanamaakki, siras bhoomiyude uparithalathinte sharashari 31 muthal 32 sathamaanam vare ulkkollunnu. ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalude chila bhagangal 70 sathamaanam vare siras meghaavrithiyil athunnathinoppam siras meghaavaranam sthaanam anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu. maruvashathu, dhruvapradesangalil siras meghaavaranam valare kuravaanu, chila pradeshangalil vaarshika sharashari 10 sathamaanam maathrame kavarej ulloo. eee sathamaanam thelinja pakalukalum raathrikalum athupole thanne pakalukalum raathrikalum mattu mekha tharangalumayi siras meghathinte abhaavamaayi kanakkakkunnu.
roopeekaranam.
choodullathum varandathumaaya vaayu uyarunnathode siras meghangal saadhaaranayaayi roopappedukayum uyarnna uyarathil paarakalilo loha podikaliloo neeravi nikshepathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. akshaamsham kurayumbol sharashari siras meghangalude uyaram vardhikkunnu, ennaal uyaram ellaayppozhum tropopos kondu parimithappedutthunnu. eee avasthakal saadhaaranayaayi oru choodulla munvashathinte munvashathaanu sambhavikkunnath. ithrayum uyarnna uyarangalil samboornna eerppam kuravaayathinaal, eee januss valare suthaaryamaan. siras meghangal falstreak dwaarangalkkullil ("kavam" ennum vilikkunnu) roopappedaam.
dhruvapradeshangalkk sameepam 65°enn allengil second akshamshangalil, siras meghangal sharashari samudranirappinu mukalil maathram roopappedunnu. mitasheetoshna pradeshangalil, ekadesham 45°N allengil secondil, avayude sharashari uyaram samudranirappinu mukalilekku vardhikkunnu. ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalil, ekadesham 5°enn allengil secondil, siras meghangal samudranirappinu mukalil sharashari roopappedunnu. lokamembaadum, samudranirappinu mukalil ninnu evideyum siras meghangal roopappedaam. siras meghangal vishalamaaya kanathil roopappedunnu. avaa mukalil ninnu thaazhekku vare cheruthum kattiyullathumayi maaram. siras meghathinte kanam saadhaaranayaayi aaa rund athirukalkkidayilaanu, sharashari kanam.
uyarnna thalatthilulla kaattaadi baandaaya jettu stream bhookhandangal kadakkaan kazhiyunnathra neelamulla siras meghangal neettaan kazhiyum. jettu streakkukalil, jettu streamile vegathil neengunna vaayuvinte baandukalkk noorukanakkinu kilometer neelamulla siras meghathinte chapangal srishtikkaan kazhiyum.
aise kristtal roopeekaranathinu adhika nucleation pooyintukalaayi pravartthikkunna jaiva aerosolukal (sasyangal ulppaadippikkunna kanikakal) siras mekha roopeekaranathe baadhichekkaam. ennirunnaalum, siras meghangal saadhaaranayaayi jaiva kanangalekkal paarakalilo loha kanangalilo roopappedunnuvennu gaveshanangal soochippikkunnu.
ushnamekhalaa chuzhalikkaattukal.
ushnamekhalaa chuzhalikkaattukalude netra bhitthikalil ninnu siras meghangalude sheettukal saadhaaranayaayi puratthekku ozhukunnu. (oru ushnamekhalaa chuzhalikkaattinte kannin chuttumulla kodunkaattu meghangalude valayamaanu kannu mathil.) sirasinteyum sirostraattasinteyum oru valia paricha saadhaaranayaayi ushnamekhalaa chuzhalikkaattukalude uyarnna uyarathilulla kaattin oppam varunnu, iva mazhayude adisthaana baandukale-chilappol kannine polum-upagraha photographukalil kandethaan prayasakaramaakkum.
idiminnalodeyaanu.
idiminnalode avayude mukalil idathoornna siras roopappedaam. idiminnalode kumulonimbus megham lambamaayi valarumbol, vaayuvinte thaapanila maravippikkunna sthaanathu athumbol draavaka jalathullikal maravikkunnu. tropoposile thaapanila vipareethamaakunnath idiminnal roopappedunna choodulla, eerppamulla vaayuvine uyarunnathil ninnu thadayukayum angane paranna mukalbhagam srishtikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal aanvil megham athinte roopam edukkunnu. ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalil, eee idiminnal idaykkide avayude aanvilukalil ninnu dhaaraalam siras uthpaadippikkunnu. uyarnna uyarathilulla kaatt saadhaaranayaayi eee idathoornna payaye oru aanvil aakruthiyilekku thallunnu, athu niravadhi kilometerukal vare thaazhekku kaatt neekkunnu.
vyakthigatha siras mekha roopeekaranangal idiminnal roopappedunna aanvil meghangalude avashishtangalaayirikkam. oru cumulonimbus meghatthinte illaathaakunna ghattathil, aanvil vare uyarunna saadhaarana nira baashpeekarikkappedukayo illaathaakukayo cheyyumbol, aanvil sirasinte paaya maathram avasheshikkunnu.
ethirvashangal.
oru jettu enchinte exhostil ninnulla neeravi chuttumulla vaayuvil ninno exhostil ninno varunna kanangalil ghaneebhavichu, oru drishyamaaya paathaykk pinnil nilkkunna reethiyil maravippikkumbol roopappedunna oru krithrima tharam siras meghamaanu contrals. anthareekshathil swaabhaavikamaayi aparyapthamaaya vitharanam undaakumbol aise nucleus nalkunnathiloode siras roopappedaan kaaranamakum. vyomayaanathinte paaristhithika prathyaaghaathangalilonnu, sthiramaaya kontraal sirasinte valia paayakalayi maarum ennathaanu, koodaathe vardhicha vyomagathaagatham bhoomiyude anthareekshathil sirasinte vardhichuvarunna aavruthiyudeyum alavinteyum oru kaaranamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
pravachanatthil upayogikkuka.
kramarahitavum otappettathumaaya sirasukalkku prathyeka praadhaanyamilla. dhaaraalam siras meghangal aduthuvarunna frondall systethinteyo mukalile vaayuvinte aswasthathayudeyo adayaalamaakaam. sirasinte roopam sameepabhaviyil kaalaavasthayile maattathe soochippikkunnu-saadhaaranayaayi kooduthal kodunkaattu. megham oru "siras castellanus" aanenkil, uyarnna uyarathil asthiratha undakam. meghangal aazhathilaakukayum vyaapikkukayum cheyyumbol, prathyekichu avaa "siras radiots" inam allengil "siras fibratus" inathilppettathaakumbol, ithu saadhaaranayaayi sameepikkunna kaalaavasthaye soochippikkunnu. ithu oru choodulla munvashamaanengil, siras meghangal syrostraattasilekku vyaapikkukayum athu kattiyakukayum altocumulus, altostraattas ennivayaayi kurayukayum cheiyunnu. adutha koottam meghangal mazhaye vahikkunna nymbostraattas meghangalaanu. siras meghangal oru thanutha munbhagam, kodunkaattu vara allengil multisellular idiminnalinu munbu varumbol, avaa aanvililoode veeshukayum aduthathaayi kumulonimbus meghangal athukayum cheiyunnu. kelvin-helmholts tharamgangal uyarnna thalatthil kaattinte angeyattatthe shearine soochippikkunnu. oru jettu strike sirasinte oru valia chapam srishtikkumbol, shaityakaala kodunkaattukalude vikasanathinu kaalavastha sariyaayirikkaam.
ushnamekhalaa chuzhalikkaattinte madhyabhaagathukoodi kadannupokunnathinu 36 manikkoor munbu, ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalil, chuzhalikkaattinte dishayil ninnu velutha siras meghangalude oru moodupadam sameepikkunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte pakuthi muthal avasaanam vare, chuzhalikkaattukalude varavu pravachikkaan pravachanakkar eee siras moodupadangal upayogichu. 1870 kalude thudakkathil havanayile belen koleju president, pithaav benitoo wins, aadyathe chuzhalikkaatt pravachana samvidaanam vikasippichu; addeham pradhaanamaayum thante pravachanangal roopappeduthunnathil eee meghangalude chalanam upayogichu. addeham manikkoorukalolam pularche 4 munny muthal vaikunneram 1 munny vare meghangale nireekshikkum. mathiyaya vivarangal shekharicha sesham, veenas chuzhalikkaattukalude pathakal krithyamaayi pravachikkaan thudangi; "vestt indian chuzhalikkattukalumaayi bandhapetta praayogika soochanakal" enna nilayil engleeshil prasidheekaricha "appentes relativos eiii loss huracans dii laas antilles" enna pusthakatthil addeham thante nireekshanangal samgrahichu.
kaalaavasthaye badhikkunnu.
siras meghangal bhoomiyude 25 sathamaanam vare (raathriyil ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalil 70 sathamaanam vare) moodukayum oru shudhamaaya choodaakkal prabhavam undaakkukayum cheiyunnu. avaa nertthathum ardhasuthaaryavumaayirikku, meghangal puratthekku pookunna infrared vikiranam kaaryakshamamaayi agiranam cheiyunnu, athesamayam incoming sooryaprakaashathe cheruthaayi maathrame prathifalippikkunnull. siras meghangal kattiyullathaayirikkumbol, avaa incoming sooryaprakaashathinte 9 sathamaanam maathrame prathifalippikkunnull, pakshe avaa puratthekku pookunna infrared vikiranathinte 50 sathamaanavum rakshappedunnathil ninnu thadayunnu, angane meghangalkku thaazheyulla anthareekshathinte thaapanila sharashari 10 digri selshyas (18 digri fahrenheit) uyarthunnu-harithagriha prabhavam ennariyappedunna oru prakriya. lokamembaadumulla sharashari meghanirmmaanam bhoomiyude uparithalathil 5 digri selshyas (9 digri fahrenheit) thaapanila nashtappedaan kaaranamaakunnu, pradhaanamaayum stratocumulus meghangalude falamaanu.
kalavastha vyathiyaanam kaaranam siras meghangal kooduthal saadhaaranamaayitheeraan saadhyathayund. avayude harithagriha prabhavam sooryaprakaashathinte prathiphalanathekkaal shakthamaayathinaal, ithu svayam shakthippeduthunna prathikaranamaayi pravartthikkum. manushya srothassukalil ninnulla loha kanikakal adhika nucleation vithukalaayi pravartthikkunnu, ithu siras meghaavaranam vardhippikkukayum angane kalavastha vyathiyaanathin kooduthal sambhavana nalkukayum cheiyunnu. praadeshika kaalavastha shariyaanenkil mukalile troposphere vimaanagalkk kontraal siras meghangal srishtikkaan kazhiyum. eee contrals kalavastha vyathiyaanathin kaaranamaakunnu.
kaarban dye ooksaid moolamundaakunna kalavastha naashanashtangal kuraykkunnathinulla jio enchiniyaring sameepanamaayi siras claude thinning nirddeshikkappettittund. siras meghangalude alavu kuraykkunnathinu siras meghangalude nerthathaakkunnathil uparithala tropospherelake kanikakal kuthivaykkunnathu ulppedunnu. parimithamaaya dhaarana kaaranam siras claude nertthupokunnathinte thanuppikkal phalatthil 2021 ipcc moolyanirnnaya report aathmavishwaasakkuravu prakadippichu.
claude propertykal.
sirasinte gunangal shaasthranjar vividha reethikal upayogichu padichittundu. lidar (lazer adhishtitha radar) meghatthinte uyaram, neelam, veethi ennivayekkurichu valare krithyamaaya vivarangal nalkunnu. baloon vahikkunna higrometerukal siras meghathinte eerppam alakkunnundengilum meghathinte aazham alakkaan paryaapthamalla. siras meghangalude uyaratheyum kanatheyum kurichulla vivarangal radar unitukal nalkunnu. stratosphere aerosol, gyaas pareekshana prograamil ninnulla upagraha alavukalaanu mattoru daatta uravidam. eee upagrahangal anthareekshathil infrared vikiranam evideyaanu agiranam cheyyappedunnathennu alakkunnu, athu siras uyarathil agiranam cheyyappedukayaanenkil, aaa sthalathu siras meghangalundennu anumaanikkappedunnu. naasayude mithamaaya resolutionulla imaging spectroradiometer pakalsamayathu vividha prathyeka aavruthikalude prathifalikkunna infrared vikiranam alakkunnathiloode siras claude kavarinekkurichulla vivarangal nalkunnu. raathriyil, bhoomiyude infrared udvamanam kandethunnathiloode ithu siras cover nirnnayikkunnu. megham eee vikiranam bhoomiyilekku prathifalippikkukayum angane upagrahangale bahiraakaashathekku thallunna "nizhal" kaanaan praapthamaakkukayum cheiyunnu. vimaanathil ninno nilathu ninno ulla drishya nireekshanangal siras meghangalekkurichulla adhika vivarangal nalkunnu. oru siras klaudil aise paralukalkk vithu pakarnna nucleation vithukalude tharam thirichariyaan lazer maas spectrometry (kaippathikal) upayogichulla kanika vishakalanam upayogikkunnu.
siras meghangalkku 10 cubic meterinu sharashari 300,000 aise christalukalude (10 cubic yardinu 270,000 aise christalukal) saandrathayundu. saandrata 10 cubic meettaril 1 aise kristtal muthal 10 cubic meettaril 100 dasalaksham aise christalukal vare (10 cubic yardle 1 aise christalil ninnu 10 cubic yardle 77 dasalaksham aise christalukal vare), ettu oordar alavukalude vyathyaasamaan. oro aise christalinteyum valippam saadhaaranayaayi 0.25 millimeteraanu, pakshe avaa 0.01 millimeter muthal niravadhi millimeter vare cheruthaanu. kontreyilukalile aise paralukal swaabhaavikamaayi sambhavikkunna siras klaudinekkaal valare cheruthaanu, ekadesham 0.001 millimeter muthal 0.1 millimeter vare neelamundu.
vyathyastha valuppangalil roopappedunnathinupurame, siras meghangalile aise paralukalkk vyathyastha roopangalil christalise cheyyaan kazhiyum khara nirakal, pollayaya nirakal, plettukal, rosettukal, mattu vividha tharatthilulla complomerationukal. vaayu thaapanila, anthareeksha marddam, aise supersaachureshan (aapekshika eerppam 100% kaviyunna alavu) ennivayiloodeyaanu aise paralukal nirnnayikkappedunnathu. mitasheetoshna pradeshangalile sirasukalkku saadhaaranayaayi tharam anusarichu verthirikkunna vividha aise kristtal aakruthikalundu. nirakalum falakangalum meghatthinte mukalbhaagathu kendreekarikkunnu, athesamayam rosaappookkalum complomerationukalum adithattinaduthaanu kendreekarikkunnathu. vadakkan artic mekhalayil, siras meghangal nirakal, plettukal, complomerationukal enniva maathram chernnathaanu, eee paralukal kuranja valippathekkaal naalirattiyengilum valuthaanu. antaarttikkayil, sirasukal saadhaaranayaayi saadhaaranayekkaal valare neelamulla nirakal kondu nirmmichathaanu.
siras meghangal saadhaaranayaayi athinekkaal thanuppullavayaan. mukalil thapanilayil, mikka siras meghangalkkum ekadesham 100% aapekshika eerppam undu (athaayath avaa poorithamaanu). 200% kavian kazhiyunna manjinu mukalilulla aapekshika eerppathode sirasinu supersaachurettu cheyyaan kazhiyum. thaazhe ansaachurettad, supersaturated siras meghangal kooduthalaanu. kooduthal supersaturated meghangal orupakshe yuva siras aayirikkum.
opttikkal prathibhasangal.
siras meghangalkku suryan chandran chuttum halos polulla niravadhi opttikkal efakttukal srishtikkaan kazhiyum. meghangalil kaanapedunna shadbhujaakrithiyilulla aise paralukalkk prakaashatthinte prathipravartthanam moolamaanu halos undaakunnath, avayude aakruthiyum ooriyanteshanum anusarichu, suurya naaykkal, 46° haalo, 22° haalo, sarkahorisondal aarkkukal ennivayulppede aakaashat vaividhyamaarnna veluthathum niramullathumaaya valayangal, kamanangal, paadukal ennivaykku kaaranamakum. chakravaalathinu mukalil suuryan 58° ll kooduthal uyarumbol maathrame chuttupaadumulla kamanangal drishyamaakoo, ithu uyarnna akshaamshangalile nireekshakarkk avaa kaanaan kazhiyaathe thadayunnu.
valare apoorvvamaayi, siras meghangalkku mahathvam srishtikkaan kazhiyum, ithu saadhaaranayaayi straattas polulla draavaka jalathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla meghangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. nireekshakante nizhalinu chuttum drishyamaakunnathum uyarnna kazhchappadil ninno thalatthil ninno ettavum nannayi nireekshikkappedunnathu eakaagrathayullathum mangiya nirathilullathumaaya thilangunna valayangalude oru koottamaanu glory. gadakamaaya aise paralukal aaspharikkal aayirikkumbol maathrame siras meghangal mahathvam srishtikkukayulloo; oru mahathvam prathyakshappedaan aise paralukalkk 0.009 millimeterinum 0.015 millimeterinum idayil neelamundaayirikkanamennu gaveshakar abhipraayappedunnu.
mattu meghangalumaayi bandham.
uyarnna thalatthilulla meghangalude moonnu vyathyastha janussukalil onnaanu siras meghangal, ivaykkellaam "siroo-" enna prefix nalkiyittundu. serocumulus, sirostraattas ennivayaanu mattu rund janussukal. uyarnna thalatthilulla meghangal saadhaaranayaayi mukalil roopappedunnu. serocumulus, sirostraattas enniva sirasumaayi idaykkide bandhappettirikkunnathil anoupachaarikamaayi chilappol "syriphom clauds" ennu vilikkappedunnu.
idatharam shreniyil, muthal, madhyanira meghangal undu, avaykku "alto-" enna prefix nalkiyittundu. avayil altostraattas, altocumulus ennee rund janussukal ulppedunnu. aise christalukal, supercooled vaattar thullikal allengil draavaka jala thullikal ennivayil ninnaan eee meghangal roopappedunnathu.
thaazhnna nilayilulla meghangal saadhaaranayaayi thaazhe roopappedunnu, avaykku oru prefix illa. staattas, stratocumulus ennivayaanu karsanamaayi thaazhnna nilayilulla rund janussukal. meghathalathile thaapanila maravippikkunnathinekkaal thaazheyaanenkil shaithyakaalath supercooled vaattar thullikal allengil aise christalukal ennivayaal roopappedumbol ozhike eee meghangal jala thullikalaal nirmmithamaan. moonnu adhika janussukal saadhaaranayaayi thaazhnna uyarathil roopappedunnu, pakshe valare kuranja eerppamulla saahacharyangalil uyarnna thalangalil adhishtithamaayirikkaam. avayaanu cumulus, cumulonimbus, nymbostraattas ennee janussukal. ivaye chilappol lambamaya vikasanathinte meghangalaayi prathyekam tharamthirikkunnu, prathyekichu avayude mukalbhagam supercooled vaattar thullikal allengil aise christalukal kondu nirmmikkaan kazhiyunnathra uyarathilaayirikkumbol.
serocumulus.
serocumulus meghangal sheettukalaayo paadukalaayo roopappedukayum nizhalukal idaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi saadhaarana, tharamgaroopangalilo meghangalude varikaliloo kaanapedunnu, avaykkidayil vyakthamaaya pradeshangalundu. kumulifom vibhaagathile mattu amgangaleppole serocumulus samvahana prakriyakaliloode roopappedunnu. eee paachukalude ganyamaaya valarcha uyarnna uyarathilulla asthirathaye soochippikkukayum mosham kaalaavasthayude sameepanathe soochippikkukayum cheyyum. serocumulus meghangalude adithattilulla aise paralukal shadbhuja silindarukalude roopathilaayirikkum. avaa urachathalla, pakaram attathu ninnu varunna steppu fanalukalullavayaanu. meghatthinte mukalilekku, eee paralukalkk orumichu koodaan pravanathayundu. eee meghangal adikakaalam nilanilkkilla, avaa sirasaayi maarunnu, kaaranam neeravi aise paralukalil nikshepikkunnathu thudarunnathinaal avaa oduvil veezhaan thudangukayum mukalilekkulla samvahanathe nasippikkukayum cheiyunnu. pinneedu megham sirasaayi maarunnu. serocumulus meghangal naalu enangalil varunnu "stratiformis", "lenticularis", "castellanus", "flocus". gadakamaaya supercooled vaattar thullikalkk ekadesham ore valippamullapol avaa airisent aanu.
sirostraattas.
sirostraattas meghangal aakaashat oru paal thilakkamaayi allengil oru varayulla sheetaayi prathyakshappedaam. avaa chilappol altostraattasinu samaanamaan, randaamathethil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum, kaaranam suryano chandrano ellaayppozhum sutharyamaaya sirostraattasiloode vyakthamaayi kaanapedunnu, ithu athaaryamo ardhasuthaaryamo aaya altostraattasinu vipareethamaayi kaanapedunnu. sirostraattas fibratus, nebulosus ennee rund enangalil kaanapedunnu. eee meghangalile aise paralukal meghathile uyarathe aashrayich vyathyaasappedunnu. thaazhekku, chuttumulla thapanilayil, paralukal neelamullathum kharavum shadbhujaakrithiyilullathumaaya nirakalayirikkum. meghatthinte mukalilekku, chuttumulla thapanilayil, pradhana kristtal tharangal kattiyullathum shadbhujaakrithiyilullathumaaya falakangalum cheruthum kharavum shadbhujaakrithiyilullathumaaya nirakalaanu. eee meghangal saadhaaranayaayi halos srishtikkunnu, chilappol haalo maathramaan atharam meghangal undennathinte soochana. valare uyarnna uyarathilekku pathukke uyarthunna choodulla, eerppamulla vaayuviloodeyaanu avaa roopappedunnathu. oru choodulla munbhagam sameepikkumbol, sirostraattas meghangal kattiyullathum thaazhekku erangunnathumaanu, ithu altostraattas meghangal undaakkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi 12 muthal 24 manikkoor vare kazhinju mazha aarambikkunnu.
mattu grahangal.
mattu niravadhi grahangalil siras meghangal nireekshikkappettundu. 2008ll, chovvayile lander "phoenix" lidar upayogichu chovvayile aakaashat sanjarikkunna oru koottam siras meghangalude time-laps foto eduthu. douthyathinte avasaanathode, phoenix lander chovvayude utharadhruvathin sameepam kooduthal nerttha meghangal kandethi. eathaanum divasangalilaayi avaa kattiyakukayum thaazhukayum oduvil manjuveezhcha aarambikkukayum cheythu. motham mazha oru millimeterinte eathaanum aayirathil oru bhagam mathramaayirunnu. [chovva] jalachakrathinte oru gadakamaanu mazha" ennu york sarvakalashaalayil ninnulla jaims vaittve nigamanam cheythu. chovvayile raathriyil eee meghangal rund paalikalaayi roopappettu, onnu nilatthinu mukalilum mattonn uparithalathilum. suuryan kathikkunnathinu munbu avaa pularche vare neenduninnu. eee meghangalile paralukal roopappettathu ekadesham oru millimeter neelavum millimeter veethiyumulla deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla uparithalangal poleyaanu.
jupittaril siras meghangal amonia kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. jupittarinte thekkan madhyarekha beltt aprathyakshamaayappol, glen oorttan munnottuvacha oru sidhaantham athinu mukalil valia alavil amonia siras meghangal roopappedukayum athu kaazhchayil ninnu maraykkukayum cheythu ennathaanu. naasayude kasini probe shaniyazhcha eee meghangalum shaniyaazhchayude moonn taittanil nerttha vaattar aise syrus kandethi. meedhane aise kondu nirmmicha siras meghangal yuraanasil undu. neptyoonil, siras aayirikkavunna nerttha budhiyulla meghangal valia irunda sthalathu kandethiyittundu. yuraanasineppole, iva orupakshe meedhane paralukal aayirikkam.
interstellar siras meghangal oru micrometerinekkaal cheria podi kanikakalaal nirmmithamaan, athinaal avaa yadhaartha siras meghangalalla, avaa sheetheekaricha paralukalaal nirmmithamaan. avaa kurachu prakashavarshangal muthal dussen kanakkinu prakashavarshangal vare neelunnu. avaa saankethikamaayi siras meghangalallengilum, podunnane veeshunna meghangale bhoomiyile meghangalumaayi saamyamullathinaal "siras" ennu vilikkunnu. bhoomiyile siras meghangal bahiraakaashathekku vikiranam cheiyunna thaapathe prathifalippikkunnathinna samaanamaayi avaa infrared vikiranam purappeduvikkunnu.
paraamarshangal.
adikkurippukal
grandhasoochika

