
pasture instittyoott

jeevashasthram, sookshumajeevikal, rogangal, waxinukal ennivayekkurichulla padanathinaayi samarppichirikkunna laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna oru franch swakaarya foundeshanaanu pasture instittyoott (). anthrax, pevisham ennivaykkulla pasteurisation vaaksinukalum kandupidicha luis paascharinte perilaanu ithu ariyappedunnathu. 1887 juun 4 nuu sthaapithamaaya eee sthaapanam 1888 november 14 nuu udghaadanam cheythu.
oru noottaandilereyaayi instittyoott paasttar pakarchavyaadhikalekkurich gaveshanam nadathiyittundu. paarees aasthaanamaayulla eee lokamembaadumulla biomedical gaveshana samghadanayaanu 1983-ll aydukalkku kaaranamakunna virusaaya echuaiviye aadyamaayi verthirichathu. varshangalayi, diftheria, tetanus, kshayarogam, polyomyelitis, influvensa, manjappani, playg thudangiya rogangal niyantrikkaan medical shaasthrathe praapthamakkiya kandethalukalkk ithu utharavaadiyaanu.
1908 muthal, patthu instittyoott pasture shaasthranjarkku medisin, physiology ennivaykkulla nobal sammanam labhichu-2008 leeii physiology allengil medisin nobal sammanam rund pasture shaasthranjar pankittu.
charithram.
1887ll franch rasathanthranjanum microbiologistumaaya luis pasture aanu instittyoott pasture sthaapichathu. adisthaana gaveshanathilum athinte praayogika prayogangalilum addeham prathijnjaabadhanaayirunnu. thudakkam muthal, vividha prathyekathakalulla shaasthranjare paasttar orumichu konduvannu. aadyathe anchu vakuppukal rund "normalians" (ekkol normal suuparriyoor birudadhaarikal), emily ducklox (general microbiology research), chaals chamberland (shuchithvathinu prayogicha sookshumajeevikalude gaveshanam), oru biologist, iliya ilichu meknikov (morphological microba research), rund doctormar, jacks-joseph grancher (pevisham), emily rox (saankethika sookshumajeevikalude gaveshanam) ennivar nayichu. instittyoott paascharinte udghaadanathinu oru varshathinu sesham, rox lokath padippicha microbiology aadyathe kozhs, "kozhs dii microbe technic" (microba research teknikkukalude kozhs) sthaapichu.
instittyoott paasttarinte savisheshamaaya netta charithratthil prathifalikkunna eee paarambaryam paasttarinte pingaamikal nilanirtthi.
instittyoott paasttar (irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil) kshayarogam, diftheria, tetanus, manjappani, polyomyelitis ennivaykkulla waxinukal vikasippicheduthaanu fraansil prathirodha vaidyashaasthrathinte oru puthiya yugam saadhyamaakkiyath. anubaadhakalude chikilsayil sulphonamideukalude kandethalum upayogavum athinte munkaala munnettangalil onnaayirunnu. chila gaveshakar aantidoxinukal kandethi, athesamayam synthetic aanti-histaamain, curerising samyukthangal ennivayekkurichulla kandethalukalkk danielle bovettinu 1957 leeii nobal sammanam labhichu.
randaam lokamahaayudham muthal, pasture gaveshakar molecular biologyil shradha kendreekarichu. 1965ll francois jacob, jackwus monode, andrey loaf ennivar vairasukale niyanthrikkunnathinulla pravarthanangalkku nobel sammanam pankittappol avarude nettangal amgeekarikkappettu. 1985-ll mrugakoshangalil ninnu janithaka enchiniyaring nediya aadyathe manushya vaxine, heppattaitis bikkethiraaya vaxine, piyari teolas sahakaarikalum vikasippicheduthu.
thurakkunnu.
jackwus-josaf grancher emily roxes samvidaanam cheytha pevishatthinethiraaya kendram, valare thirakkeriyathaayathinethudar, athu nirmmikkunnathin valare munbuthanne pasture "instittyoott pasture" enna peril vilikkunna oru ghadana nirmmikkendathu aavashyamaayi vannu. ruu deutotil sthithi cheiyunna puthiya kettidam nirmmikkanulla chumatala paasttar thante rund sahapravarthakaraaya grancher, emily duclox ennivare ealppichu.
thudakkam muthal, instittyoott saambathika budhimuttukal anubhavichu, athinu sarkkaarinteyum chila videsha bharanaadhikaarikaludeyum maadam bosikottinteyum sahayam aavashyamaayirunnu, pakshe eee sahayam athinte swaathanthryathe baadhichilla. 
pasture varachathum pinneedu ducklooks grancher amgeekarichathumaaya niyamangal instittyoottinte aantharika ghadanaye nirvachikkunnu grancher niyanthrikkunna oru pevisha vibhaagam, chamberlaandinte kaikalilulla anthrax onnu, microbiology vakuppinu melnottam vahichu, athesamayam emily rox vaidyashaasthrathil prayogikkunna microbial reethikal kaikaaryam cheythu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhavum randaam lokamahaayudhavum.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, sainikarkk eluppathil pidipedunna typhoid paniyil ninnu sainikarkk prathirodha kuthivayppu nalkuka ennathaayirunnu ettavum adiyanthiramaaya kaaryam. 1914 septambarode instittyoottinu 670,000 doses vaxine nalkaan kazhiyukayum samgharshathiludaneelam athinte uthpaadanam thudarukayum cheythu.
gabriel bertrand, roxinte anumathiyode, chloropictin adisthaanamaakki oru grenade thayyarakkukayum methylarsin chloridinte roopeekaranathilekku nayicha raasapravarthanam fornew kandethukayum cheythu.
1921-ll albert simard "laa reaction dii fixation dii ell 'alexina soonn aaplikkeshan aou diagnostic serologic dii laa pestte" edittu cheythu, "paareesile pasture instittyoottinte pravrithi, playg laborattari."
1938-ll instittyoott, athinte aapekshika daaridryam undaayirunnittum, oru biochemical division sellular pathologic samarppichirikkunna mattonn nirmmichu, athinte disha bovinte kaikalkk ealppichu (avar anukkalude shareerathil adangiyirikkunna endotoxinukal kandethi, avaa maranashesham mochippikkappedunnu). ithe kaalayalavil, andrey loaf ruu deutotil nirmmicha oru puthiya microbial physiology shaakhayude disha sweekarichu. 1939 septambaril france jarmmanikkethire yuddham prakhyaapichathinu sheshamulla pothusamaaharanatthiloode instittyoott shoonyamaavukayum uchithamaaya praayatthilum avasthayilum ulla amgangale sainyathilekku recruit cheythathinaal athinte pravartthanangal ganyamaayi kuraykkukayum cheythu, ennaal samgharshathinte aadya maasangalil yudhangalude eathaandu poornnamaaya abhavam munnile shuchithva sahacharyam nilanirthaan sahayichu. france adhiniveshathinushesham, jarmmankaar orikkalum instittyoottinte gaveshanathil ninnu vivarangal shekharikkaan sramichilla; eee mekhalayile germmaniyude nettatthilulla avarude aathmavishwaasam avarude jijnjasa kurachu, avarude eaka thaalparyam avarude sainikarko avar recruit cheytha europian sahayikalkko nalkaan kazhiyunna seramukalilum vaaksinukalilum mathramaayirunnu. eee aapekshika swaathanthryam, adhiniveshathinu sheshamulla rund varshangalil, paasttarukalude anantharavanaaya valery-radaattinte munkaiyude falamaayi instittyoottine prathirodhatthinulla oru faarmasiyaayi marran anuvadichu. russian munnaniyilekku ayaykkunnathinu munbu paareesinu sameepam nilayurappichirunna oru vermact divisionil typhoid pottippurappettathin sesham maathramaan jarmmankaar instittyoottile jeevanakkaare samshayichathu. instittyoottile oru amgam rogathinu utharavaadiyaaya anukkalude samskaaram moshtikkukayum oru koottaaliyude sahakaranathode jarmman sainikarkk bhakshanam nalkaan upayogikkunna valia alavil vennaye baadikkukayum cheythathaanu pakarchavyaadhiyude kaaranamenn pinneedu kandethi. jarmmankaar kurachu venna saadhaaranakkaarkku vittathin sesham pakarchavyaadhi vyaapichuvennath rogathinte pottippurappedal praadeshika jalathinte gunanilavaaram moolamalla ennathinte thelivaanu. pinneedu, microbial kalcharukal adangiya instittyoottinte storukal amgeekritha amgangalkku maathrame thurakkaan kazhiyoo ennu jarmman adhikaarikal utharavittu; samanamaaya suraksha prasnangal jeevanakkaarude perukaludeyum pravarthanangaludeyum poornna pattika aavasyappedaan avare prerippichu; perukal nashtamayathinaal jarmmankaar rund jeevashaasthranjare ayaykkaan kaaranamaayi, doow. volman bharya mattu moonnu laab sahaayikalum oru thadankalppaalayathilekku. paareesinte vimochanathinaayulla yudhangalil polum instittyoott jarmman entrenchmentinte oru sthalamaayirunnilla, kaaranam athu aajnjaapicha bahumaanavum bahumaanavum, athupole thanne eathu tharatthilulla samghattanathilum ulppedunnathiloode "deerghakaalamaayi parajayappetta rogangalude prethangale mochippikkaam" enna bhayavum.
1970kalile saambathika prasnangal.
1973 avasaanathode, instittyoottinte saambathika nila valare aashankaajanakamaayirunnu, athinte prasnangal pothujana thaalpparyathe unarthi ambathu dashalakshathiladhikam aalukalkk vaaksinukalum seramukalum nalkunna oru sthaapanam ithrayum valia saambathika prashnangalkk vidheyamaakumennu arcum vishwasikkaan kazhinjilla, koodaathe sarkkar samrakshanathilaanennum athinaal paapparatthatthil ninnu samrakshikkappettuvennum vishwasikkappedunna oru sthaapanam. instittyoottine saambathikamaayi thakartthathinte kaaranagal niravadhiyaan, ennaal avayil bhooribhaagavum athinte vaanijya, vyaavasaayika pravarthanangalumaayum athinte maanejmentumaayum bandhappettathaayirunnu. ithu gaveshana, ulppaadana shaakhakale baadhichu gaveshana shaakhaykku vendathra fund labhichilla, puthiya swakaarya laabukalkk vipani nila nashtappedunna ulppaadana shaakha purathana mechanical upakaranangalal nischalamaayi.
1968-ll, deerghakaalathekku aprathyakshamaaya sesham, fraansil pevishabaadha veendum prathyakshappettappol, eee rogathinte vaxine moolam yadhaartha prashasthanaaya instittyoottine vaaksinukalude ulppaadanathil mattu farmaceutical vyavasaayangal maatti; ennittum, samghadanayude ulppaadana shaakhayile kurravukal undaayirunnittum, athinte amgangalkku 1968-ll hongong influvansaykkethire 400,000-ladhikam dosukal nirmmikkaan kazhinju.
1971-ll jackwus monode aadhunikavalkkaranathinteyum vikasanathinteyum oru puthiya yugam prakhyaapichu ellah ulppaadana vakuppukalum veendum onnikkenda oru puthiya faaktariyude nirmmaanamaan ithu pratheekappedutthiyathu. athinte nirmmaanathinu naalppathiyanju dasalaksham frank chelavu vannu, kammi nikathaan sarkkar instittyoottinu irupathu dasalaksham frank anuvadichu, thudarnnu saambathika utharavaadithangalude vibhajanathil oru punk sweekarikkaanulla janangalude munkaiyum.
covid-19 mahamari.
2020 januvari 29 nuu covid-19 mahamaric kaaranamaaya severe acute respiratory syndrome corona vairas 2 (saars-cove-2) ennu pinneedu perittathinte genome samskarikkukayum krameekarikkukayum cheytha europile aadyathe instityoottaanu pasture. aadyathe rund franch kesukalil ninnu edutha vairas saambilukalude poornnamaaya kramangal instittyoott jisaid daattaabes plaattphomil nikshepichu. aphrica ulppedeyulla rajyangalil athinte network sthaapanangal vazhi parisodhanayudeyum epidemiological modalinginteyum gaveshanathilum vikasanathilum instittyoott earppettittundu.
2020ll merck aandu kambaniyumaayi sahakarichu oru covid-19 vaxine vikasippikkunnathil pasture earppettirunnu.ennaal klinikkal pareekshanangal parajayappettathine thudarnnu 2021 januvariyil ithu upekshichu.
kambodiyayile instittyoott pasture combodiayile covid-19 mahamari samayat pothujanaarogya prathikaranatthil earppettirunna oru pradhana sthaapanamaayirunnu, athupole thanne saars-cove-2 nekkurichu gaveshanam nadathukayum cheythu. dackerile pasture instittyoottum senegalinte aarogya prathikaranatthil earppettirunnu.
instittyoottile amgangalude nettangal.
diftheeriyaykkulla roxinte chikitsa sifilisinekkurichulla padanangalum.
instittyoottinte udghaadanathinu thottupinnaale, pevishatthinethiraaya pooraattatthil ippol kurachumaathram earppettirikkunna rox, oru puthiya labil punaraarambhichu, oru puthiya sahapravarthakanaaya yersinte sahaayathode, diftheeriyayekkurichulla thante pareekshanangal.
eee rogam ellah varshavum aayirakkanakkin kuttikale kollarundaayirunnu rogikalude thondayil vyaja stharangal srishtikkukayum athinaal shwaasammuttal moolam avare kollukayum cheiyunna oru anubandha avasthaye saadhaaranayaayi crop ennu vilikkunnu. victor hugo thante "muthachanaayirikkaanulla kala" yill ithine "bhayanakamaaya raakshasan, nizhalukalude kuruvi" ennu vilichirunnu. chithrakaaranaaya albert gustaf aristees edelfelt eee rogam bhedamaakkaan shramikkumbol thante laboratariyil paasttarine chithreekarikkunna oru painting nirmmichu.
roxes yersinum ithinu kaaranamakunna basilus valarthukayum padikkukayum cheythu, muyalukalil avar nadatthiya vividha pareekshanangalkkum athinte rogakariyaaya sakthikkum shwaasakosha peshikalude pakshaaghaatham polulla lakshanangalkkum nandi. diftheeriyayude eee avasana anantharafalamaanu rund gaveshakarkkum rogathinte swabhaavathekkurichu oru soochana nalkiyathu, kaaranam ithu basilus jeevajaalathilekku praveshippicha vishavasthuvinte lahari moolamaanu undaakunnath, eee prathyeka visham sravikkumbol svayam perukaan kazhiyum athinaal basilus athinte viralence vishathinu kadappettirikkunnuvennu chinthikkaan avar chaayvullavaraayirunnu. corinebacterium diftheria" yude microbial kalchar filter cheyyukayum laab mrugangalil kuthivaykkukayum cheytha sesham, rogathinte ellah saadhaarana lakshanangalum nireekshikkaan avarkk kazhinju. roxes yersinum oru puthiya tharam baasilasine kaikaaryam cheiyukayaanennu sthaapichu, athu svayam vyaapikkaanum samriddhamaayi punarnirmmikkaanum mathramalla, athe samayam sakthamaaya visham pakaraan kazhiyumennum avar anumaanichu, koodaathe aantijante punk vahikkaan kazhiyumennu avar anumaanichu, athaayath vishavasthukkal prathyekichu apakadakaramaakkunna athinte kuthivayppinte athilolamaaya nimishathe marikadakkaan kazhiyumenkil.
chila jarmman gaveshakar diftheria vishavasthuvum kandethukayum oru vaxine upayogikkunnathiloode chila ginia pannikalkk prathirodha kuthivayppu nalkaan sramikkukayum cheythu avaril oralaaya voonn berring, roobert kochinte vidyaarthi, vishavasthuvinte cheria alavukal durbalappedutthaan thanikk kazhinjuvennu paranju. ennirunnaalum, eee phalatthil roxinu bodhyamundaayilla, kaaranam arcum eee prakriyayude eedulla phalangal ariyillaayirunnu, koodaathe onniladhikam laab padanangal-chaals richatt nadathiyathupole-prathirodha kuthivayppu edutha oru mrugathinte serathil rogathe paraajayappeduthaan aavashyamaaya aantibodikal ulppedunnuvennu theliyichathinaal serotherapy upayogikkaan eshtappettu. bakteeriyakale kootticherkkaanum vishavasthuvine nirveeryamaakkaanum kazhiyunna aanti-diftheria serem vairal anukkal kuthivacha oru kuthira nalkukayum kuthirakalude jugular sirayil ninnu edukkunna rakthathil ninnu verthirikkukayum cheythu.
serem parisodhikkaan addeham vishadeekaricha uthppannathinte falaprapti parishodhikkendathundu, rund vyathyastha aashupathrikalil ninnu rund koottam kuttikale thiranjedutthu aadyathethil, serem labhicha 449 kuttikalil 338 perr athijeevichu, randaamathethil, parambaraagatha chikilsakalaal chikilsichu, 520 ll 204 perr maathramaan athijeevichathu. leeii figaro pathram phalangal parasyappedutthiya sesham, deseeya aavasyam niravettunnathinu mathiyaya serem uthppaadippikkunnathin aavashyamaaya kuthirakalude ennam instittyoottinu nalkunnathinu aavashyamaaya panam swaroopikkunnathinaayi oru subscription fund thurannu.
duckloxinte maranashesham, instittyoottinte thalavanayi rox sthaanamozhiyukayum, athinte pettennulla prathyaaghaathangalum athinte falamaayundaakunna paarambarya prathyaaghaathangalum kaaranam apakadakaramaaya rogamaaya sifilisinekkurichulla gaveshanamaanu addeham avasaanamaayi nadathiyathu. fornierinte ganyamaaya parisramangal undaayirunnittum, vaan sweettante draavaka merkuri maathramaan ariyappedunna eaka prathividhi, ennirunnaalum athinte phalangal samshayaaspadavum anishchithathvavumaayirunnu. mikka mrugangalum roga prathirodhasheshiyullathinaal eee rogathinethiraaya sakthamaaya prathividhi thedunnathu kooduthal budhimuttaakki athinaal saadhyamaaya rogashaanthikal pareekshikkaanum avayude paarshwafalangal padikkaanum kazhinjilla. rund jarmman jeevashaasthranjaraaya shoudin, hofmann ennivar kandethiya laingikamaayi pakaruna "treponema palidam" (syphilis jerm), beejam, alsareshan, arbudam ennivayil vasikkunna manushyarashi maathrame baadhikkukayulloo, athu pinneedu kandethiyathupole, chila naravamsha vaanarangal, prathyekichu chimpaansikal. itharathilulla kurangukal rogam moolam malinamaakaamenna kandethalinethudarnnu roxes methnicoff oru vaxine srishtikkunnathinulla avarude gaveshanathinu sambhavana nalki, athesamayam bordattum washerman manushya rakthathile anuvinte saannidhyam thurannukaattaan kazhiyunna oru pariharam vishadeekarichu. ithu ithuvare poornnamaayum vishwasaneeyamaaya parihaaramaayirunnillengile, siphilisinethire upayogichirunna muun marunnukalumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ithu purogathiye prathinidheekarikkunnu.
methnicophinte phagocytosis sidhaantham.
italiyile swamedhayaa naadukadatthappetta samayat ilya ilichu meknikov ithinakam "rogaprathirodha thathwam" prasidheekarichirunnu, avide addeham chila padanangal nadatthaan pooyi, athinte phalangal addeham udan thanne pasteurumaayi ashayavinimayam nadatthi.
phagocytis sidhaantham phaagosaittukal oru jeevajaalathinullil avatharippikkappedunna videsha shareerangale-ellaattinumupariyaayi bakteeriyakale-ulkkollaan kazhivulla koshangalaanenna daaranaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. jarmman jeevashaasthranjar addehathinte humoral sidhaanthathe ethirthu roxinte serathil sookshumaanukkalude saannidhyam velippeduthaanum shariyaayi uthejippichaal avayude nasham urappakkaanum kazhiyunna chila padaarthangal kandethiyathayi avar avakashappettu. jarmman shaasthranjanaaya edward buchner eee padaarthangale "alexin" ennum mattu rund jeevashaasthranjaraaya voonn berring kittaasaattoyum bakteeriyakalodulla laittik shakti prakadippichu. eee shaasthranjaril oraal metnikkophinte aashayangale nishedhikkunna oru pareekshanatthinte phalam 1894-ll prasidheekarichu patthu varsham munbu roobert coach kandethiya collara vibrio oru aantijanaayi richard eph. jeey. eee rogathinethire ithinakam prathirodha kuthivayppu edutha oru ginia panniyude vayattil fifer ithu avatharippichu, koodaathe faagosaittukalude pankaalitthamillaathe praadeshika raktha plaasmayile vibriyoyude nasham nireekshikkaan kazhinju. eee patanam polum methnicophinte sidhaanthathilulla vishwaasatheyum vishwaasatheyum ilakkaan kazhinjilla, addehathinte ashayangalum fiferinteyum buchnarinteyum ashayangalum rogaprathirodha samvidaanathinte nilavile sidhaanthathinte vishadeekaranathinu sambhavana cheyyum.
pleginekkurichulla yersinte padanangal.
rooksumaayulla gaveshanathinu sesham yersin vyakthiparamaaya kaaranangalal pettennu instittyoott vittu. yunmaanile oru akramasakthamaaya playg pottippurapetta vaartha, rogathekkurichu microbiological gaveshanam nadatthaan paasttarinte pandithanenna nilayil vilichuvaruthappettuppett yersine thante kazhivu kaanikkan praapthanakki. addehathinu neridendivanna playg baboonik playg aayirunnu, ithu baboos ennariyappedunna kurukkukaliloode mikkappozhum thirichariyaan kazhiyum, ithu athinte erakalil prakopippikkunnu. tissuevinte necrosis kaaranam karuthathaayi maarunna lymphatic grandhikalude veekkam moolamundaakunna tumours, prathyekichu eee playg paadukalil anubaadhaykk kaaranamakunna anuvine yersin thiranju. niravadhi microscopic parishodhanakalkk sesham mikka kesukalilum eee kumilakalil bubonic playg bacteria sthithicheyyunnuvennu parayaan addehathinu kazhinju; athesamayam, japanese shaasthranjanaaya kittaasaattoyum thaan eee bacteria verthirichathayi prakhyaapichu, addeham nalkia vivaranam yersin nalkiyathil ninnu vyathyasthamaanenkilum. athinaal, aadyam shaasthra samooham "kittaasaatto-ayezhsin basilus" ennu namakaranam cheythenkilum, oru tharam streptococcus aaya kittaasaatto thirichariyaan kazhiyunna eee sookshumaanuvine pinneedu randaamathethinte peril vilikkum, kaaranam lymphatic grandhikalil ithu kaananaavilla.
ennirunnaalum, pleginte kaaranavum athinte malineekarana reethiyum aadyamaayi manasilakkukayum vivarikkukayum cheythath pooll-luis simondaanu athu baadhicha aalukalude shareerathil cheria eecha kadikkunnathine addeham nireekshichu, athu pleginumaayi bandhapetta maricha elikalude shareerangalilum addeham kandethi, thudarnnu bacteria vahikkunna eechakalaanu athinte yadhaartha vaahakamo uravidamo ennum avaa chattha elikalude shareerathil ninnu manushyarilekku chaadi kadikkunnathiloode rogam pakarunnuvennum addeham kandethi.
kaalmetts aandu guerins aanti-tuberculosis vaxine.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, jeevita saahacharyangalude mechappeduthalum shuchithvathekkurichulla kooduthal vipulamaaya sangalppavum fraansile kshayaroga kesukalil cheria oru pinvalikkal srishtichu ennirunnaalum instittyoottinte laabukal, mattu palathum pole, kochinte baasilasil oru marumarunnu kandethaan anuvadikkunna niravadhi ekathvangal kandethaan shramichu. basilus kandethiyathin thottupinnaale, athinethire oru vaxine srishtikkaan coach vyarthamaayi shramichu, ennirunnaalum, addeham thayyarakkiya filtrettinte kuthivayppu, pinneedu tuberculin ennu vilikkapettu, aaraan physicennu velippeduthunnathinte phalam undaayirunnu randaamathethil allah-aadyathethil allah-paniyum neriya virayalum.
instittyoottinte pathratthil akkaalat kshayarogathekkurichulla lekhanangal niranjirunnu, avayil chilath albert kaalmett ezhuthiyirunnu, addeham thante gaveshanam athu valareyadhikam baadhicha oru saamoohika-professional vibhaagathilekku vyapippichu, athaayath khanithozhilaalikalil eee rogam palappozhum pratheekshikkappedukayo allengil silicosis, angylostomiasis (kshayarogathinu anuyojyamaaya vilarchayude avastha srishtikkunna oru cherukudal puzhu moolamundaakunna) ennivaykkoppam undaakukayo cheiyunnu. anchylostomiasisin mikacha pariharam kandethiya sesham, ekadesham ore lakshanangalkk kaaranamayathinaal, manushyanodu valare saamyamulla, bowine kshayarogathinu kaaranamakunna basilus upayogichu oru vaxine srishtikkunnathil addeham shradha kendreekarichu. mikka actinomycetalukalum jeevajaalangalkk purathu athijeevikkaan kazhiyunna saaprofaittukalaanennu nireekshicha addeham, oru mrugadoktaraaya kaamili gyoorinte sahaayathode, kaalakramena, viralence illaathaakkukayum antigenic shakti maathram avasheshikkukayum cheythukondu athinte savisheshathakale maattimaricha oru anthareeksham srishtikkaan shramichu.
micobacterium bovisinte vikalathaykku anuyojyamaaya paristhithi glycerine upayogichu samskaricha oru kaalayude pitthatthil pakam cheytha urulakkizhanginte compostaayirunnu, koodaathe casmet athu pathimoonnu varshathekku oro moonnaazhcha koodumbozhum veendum beejasankalanam cheyyukayum baasilasinte rogakariyaaya shakthiyude daurbalyam parisodhikkukayum cheythu. oduvil athinte virulance poornnamaayum nashtappettappol, avayude reethi upayogichu valarnna bovin kshayaroga anukkal manushya kshayarogathinethiraaya pradhana prathirodha aayudhamaayirunnu, ithu eee rogathinte aavruthi ganyamaayi kuraykkaan sahayichu.
chimpaansikalil kindiyayil pareekshanam nadathumbol, ithu chila kushtaroga prakadanangale durbalappeduthumennum kaalmett kandethi.
saigonile kaalmettinte jolie.
saigonil albert kaalmett instittyoottinte aadyathe videsha shaakhayum srishtichu, avide addeham janasamkhyayude aavasyangal niravettaan paryapthamaaya vasuri, pevisha prathirodha kuthivayppukal nirmmikkukayum vishamulla paambukale, prathyekichu nagangalekkurichu oru patanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. eee padanangalil, vishathinteyum tettanasinteyum sakthiye alkaline hypochloriteukalude upayogathiloode prathirodhikkaan kazhiyumennu kaalmett kandethi, athinaal oru serem srishtikkaan kazhinju, ithu naagatthinte kadiyettathinu thottupinnaale kuthivachaal falapradamaanu. fraansil thirichethiya addeham thante jolie thudaraanum praadeshika janangalkkayi oru serem srishtikkaanum mathiyaya paambukale swanthamaakki.
pakarchavyaadhi typhasinekkurichulla nikkolinte pravartthanangal.
shaasthranjanum ezhuthukaaranumaaya chaals nikkol tunisilaayirunnappol, maranathinu munbu aprathyakshamaaya rogikalil avasheshikkunna chuvanna paadukalkku peruketta pakarchavyaadhi typhus engane pakarunnuvennu padichu. addeham ashupatri sandarshikkumbozhaanu pakaruna reethiyekkurichulla addehathinte ulkkaazhcha sambhavichathu rogikale kazhuki vrithiyaakkiya vasthrangal nalki, ashupathriyil puthiya kesukalonnum sambhavichilla. rogiyude swantham vasthrangalkoppam upekshicha paine rogathinte vaahakamaanennu ithu addehathe manassilakki. tunisile laborattari medaaviyaayi helen kuruvi aakarshikkan nikkolinu kazhinju. oru vaxine vikasippichedutha rudolph veigalinoppam avar pravarthichirunnu, rogam niyanthrikkunnathinulla oru pothujanaarogya paripaadiyude thudakkamaayi tunisiayil ithu avatharippikkan avarkk kazhinju.
ennirunnaalum, mattu moonnu shaasthranjarum rogathinu kaaranamakunna bacteria thiricharinju rickets, russell mozhs wilder (1885-1959), provasec, avar ithine "rikkatsiya provaseki" ennu vilichu.
chantemesseyude typhoid vaxine.
1900-leeii venalkkaalath, paareesile angeyattam choodulla kaalaavasthayum jalavitharanathinte shaamavum, saadhaaranayaayi aurkyoo chanalum dii laa dhuis akwadakt urappaakkunnath, seynil ninnu nerittu vellam pump cheyyaan adhikaarikale nirbandhitharaakki, ithu filtering nadathiyittum, paareesil typhoid kesukal pettennu pottippurappedaan kaaranamaayi.
ekadesham irupathu varsham munbu jarmman baakteeriyashaasthranjaaya kaal joseph eberth kandethiyathum sareeramillaatha chilanthi pole kaanapedunnathumaaya oru basilus eee nadiyil nirantharam undaayirunnu, koodaathe osonum chunnaambu permaankanettum athinte vellathilekku valia alavil ozhikkuka polum cheythilla.
oru vaxine nirmmikkunnathinulla budhimuttu anukkalude endotoxinukalude swabhaavam moolamaanu undaakunnath. exocytotic sravathiloode vishavasthukkal purathuvidunna diftheeriyayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, typhoid rogakaarikal baasilasinte maranashesham polum athijeevikkunna endotoxinukale ulkkollunnu.
ryoo vaakvelinte pevishabaadha vibhaagathil pravartthikkukayum vayarilakkathinu kaaranamakunna sookshumaanukkalekkurich padikkukayum cheytha sesham, andrey chantemesse oru yuva bacteriographistaaya georges-fernand vidalumaayi sahakarichu. choodil chikilsicha chattha bakteeriyakal kuthivachu ginia pannikalkk prathirodha kuthivayppu nalkaan avarkk kazhinju, ithu durbalamaaya bakteeriyakal maathrame prathirodha kuthivayppinaayi upayogikkaavoo, chathathalla enna ashayathe chodyam cheiyunnu. atharam choodu-nirjeevamaakkiya bakteeriyakalude moonno naalo aadyakaala kuthivayppukalude oru parambaraykku rogathinte vikaasathinethire phalapradamaayi prathirodha kuthivayppu nalkaan kazhiyumennu avar nigamanam cheythu, kaaranam endotoxinukal maathram aantibodikalude ulppaadanam uthejippikkaan paryaapthamaan.
fornew laborattari oof medisin kemistry.
rogashanti vaidyashaasthrathe sambandhichidatholam, 1911-ll instittyoott pasteuril athu aarambhichu, 1944 vare addeham samvidaanam cheytha medisin chemistry laborattari srishtichappol, athil ninnu niravadhi marunnukal uyarnnuvannu, athil oraalkk aadyathe pentavalant arsenical treatment (stovaarsol), aadyathe synthetic alfa-adrenoriseptar aantagonist (prosimpal), aadyathe aantihistaamain (pyperoxan), hridayamidippile aadyathe sajeeva marunnu (dacorene) allengil aadyathe synthetic noow-depolarising peshi relaxant (flaxedil) enniva paraamarshikkaam. fornewyude laboratariyil treful, nitti, bovettu ennivar sulfanilamidinte chikitsa gunangal kandethiyathode sulfamidotherapic vazhiyorungi.
ashupatri paasttar.
irupathaam noottaandinte aadya varshangalil instittyoottinu munnil nirmmicha ashupatri pasture amgangal deerghakaalamaayi klinikkal nireekshanatthinum chikitsa prakriyakalude pareekshanagalkkumulla oru mekhalayaayi svayam vishadeekarichu. thudakkathil 120 kidakkakal maathramundaayirunnathil, oro rogiyum thante swakaarya muriyil nannayi otappettirunnathinaal oro muriyum oru cheria keedabhavanamaayi kanakkaakkaamaayirunnu, ithu kwaarantaininu anuyojyamaanu. oru gunabhokthavaaya maadam leboudiyude sammanathaal aashupathriyude nirmmaanam saadhyamaakki, athesamayam baaranas hirsh vaagdaanam cheytha panam instittyoottinte kemikkal biology vibhaagathin idam nalkunna oru valia pavaliyan nirmmikkaan upayogichu.
kemikkal biology vibhaagathil duclox jolie cheiyunnu.
puthiya pavaliyanil duclox nadatthiya pravartthanangal manushyashareeram athinte chila supradhana pravartthanangal engane nirvahichuvennum dayastesinte punk engane kandethiyennum vyakthamaakkunnu. pulippikkal polulla sasyangalkkullil sambhavikkunna chila parivartthanangalil ulppedunna ejantumaarude swabhaavathekkurichu claude bernardinte maranananthara lekhanam prasidheekarichathinu sesham pasteur berthalot thammil udaledutha oru vivaadam pariharikkunnathil ithu nirnaayakamaayirunnu. pulippikkal prakriyayil soochippikkunna oreyoru padaartham yeest aanennu paceture vishwasichirunnuvenkilum, bernard-berthalot enniva swantham reethiyil-layikkunna pulippikkal mattenthenkilum ulppettittundennu vishwasichu jarmman rasathanthranjanaaya edward buchner pinneedu eee "pulippikkal" enna asthithvam pradharshippichu, athine addeham "saimes" ennu vilikkunnu, ithu ippol ensimeukal ennu namukk ariyaam. poshakangalude mettabolisathekkurichu ducloxinte padanatthinu udanadi praayogika prayogangalonnum undaayirunnilla, ennaal pinneedu ensaimukalude mekhala ethratholam vipulamaanennu velippeduthukayum jeevashaasthrathe jeevante samvidaanangalekkurichulla arivu tanmatra thalatthil vyaapippikkaan nayikkunna puthiya pathakal thurakkukayum cheythu.
paasttar myusiyavum shavakudeeravum.
1888 november 14 nuu udghaadanam cheytha instittyoott pasture kaivashappedutthiya aadyathe kettidatthinte thekk bhagathaanu musey pasture (pasture museum) sthithicheyyunnathu. 1936 ll sthaapithamaaya eee museum 1888 muthal 1895 vare addeham thaamasichirunna vishalamaaya appaartmentil luis paascharinte jeevithathinteyum pravartthanatthinteyum oormma samrakshikkunnu. eee myoosiyathil shaasthranjante pravartthanangale chithreekarikkunna shaasthreeya vasthukkalude shekharavum pasture samskarichirikkunna neo-baisantain shavasamskara chappal ulppedunnu.
anthaaraashtra sthalangalude pattika.
innu, instittyoott paastaril 100 gaveshana yoonittukalum 700 oolam aalukalum undu, athil 500 sthira shaasthranjarum 70 rajyangalil ninnulla 600 shaasthranjarum ulppedunnu. vikaswara raajyangalile medical prashnangalkkayi neekkivachirikkunna 33 videsha sthaapanangalude aagola shringhala koodiyaanu instittyoott pasture; oru biruda patana kendravum epidemiological screening yoonittum.
thaazhepparayunna nagarangalilum raajyangalilum anthaaraashtra shringhala nilavilunda
gaveshana kendrangal.
2008 leeii kanakkanusarichu, instittyoott paasttarin pathinonnu pradhana gaveshana vakuppukalundu
rekhakal, aarkkaivukal ennivayude paripalanam, charitraparamaaya sookshumajeevikalude samskaarangal, prasidheekaranangal, library ennivayude paripalanam ennivaykkaayi neekkivachirikkunna gaveshana ithara vakuppukalum undu.
echuaivi-1, echuaivi-2 ennivayude ottappeduthalin purame, sameepakaalath instittyoott paasttarile gaveshakar vankudal cancer neratthe kandethunnathinulla oru parisodhana vikasippikkukayum heppattaitis bikkethire janithaka enchiniyaring cheytha oru vaxine nirmmikkukayum vayarile alsar roopappedunnathil ulppedunna "helicobacter pailori" bacteria kandethunnathinulla drutha diagnostic parisodhana nadathukayum cheythu. purogamikkunna mattu gaveshanangalil kansarinekkurichulla padanavum prathyekichu oongojinukalude pankinekkurichulla anweshanam, diagnostic parishodhanakalkkayi tumour markerukal thirichariyal, puthiya chikilsakal vikasippikkal enniva ulppedunnu. human papilloma vairasukale (echpivi) kurichum servical kaansarukalil avayude pankinekkurichum padikkuka ennathaanu prathyeka thaalpparyamulla oru mekhala. aids, malaria, denkippani, shigella bacteria ennivayulppede niravadhi rogangalkkethiraaya vividha waxinukal vikasippikkunnathil gaveshakar nilavil shradha kendreekarikkunnu.
nilavil, puthiya chikitsa sameepanagal kandethaamenna pratheekshayil, medical praadhaanyamulla niravadhi jeevikalude samboornna genome sequenceukal nirnnayikkaan vipulamaaya oru gaveshana nira lakshyamidunnu. 1996ll poortthiyaakkiya, 1997ll poortthiyaakkiya "basilus subtilis", 1998ll poortthiyaakkiya "micobacterium tuberculosis" ennee saadhaarana yeesttinte (luis paasttarinte charithrathinu valare pradhanappetta oru jeeviyaaya "sacharomysus serivisiya") genome-sequencing padhathikalkku instittyoott sambhavana nalkiyittundu.
adhyapana kendram.
sthaapanam sthaapithamaayathumuthal, instittyoott paasttar birudaananthara padanathinaayi vividha vishayangalil ninnulla shaasthranjare orumichu konduvannittundu. innu, 40 oolam rajyangalil ninnulla ekadesham 300 biruda vidyaarthikalum 500 poost doctoral trainikalum instittyoottile birudaananthara patana paripaadikalil pankedukkunnu. faarmasistukalum mrugadoktarmaarum doctormaarum rasathanthranjarum mattu shaasthranjarum ithil ulppedunnu.
epidemiological reference sentar.
vividha rajyangalil ninnulla bakteeriyakaludeyum vairasukaludeyum vakabhedangal thirichariyunnathinaayi instittyoottinte reference sentarilekku ayaykkunnu. eee supradhana epidemiological vibhavam paripalikkunnathinu purame, franch gavanmentinteyum aikyaraashtrasabhayude lokaarogya samghadanayudeyum (aarr) upadeshtaavaayi instittyoott pravartthikkunnu. pakarchavyaadhikal nireekshikkaanum lokamembaadumulla pakarchavyaadhikalude vyaapanam niyantrikkaanum pasture shaasthranjar sahayikkunnu. eee pravartthanangal instittyoottum yuu. esum thammil adutha sahakaranm srishtichu.ezz. centers phoor disease kantrol aandu prevention (cdc).
vaaksinukalum diagnostic uthppannangalum.
instittyoott laborattarikalil vikasippicha diagnostic testtukalude nirmmanavum vipananavum franch farmaceutical sthaapanamaaya sanofiyude anubandha sthaapanamaaya "sanofi diagnostics paascharinte" utharavaadithamaanu, athesamayam vaaksinukalude ulppaadanavum vipananavum pasture merriax, serems, muthalaaya vaaksinukalude utharavaadithamaanu.
ghadanayum pinthunayum.
oru swakaarya, laabhechayillaatha samghadana enna nilayil, instittyoott paasttar niyanthrikkunnath nilavil francois aylarattinte adhyakshathayilulla oru swatantra director bordaanu. director general stuvaartt kooll aanu.
vividha srothassukalil ninnu saambathika pinthuna nedunnathiloode, instittyoott athinte svayambharanaavakaasham samrakshikkukayum athinte shaasthranjarude swaathanthryam urappunalkukayum cheiyunnu. franch sarkkar subsidikal, consulting phees, licensing royaltti, karar varumanam, swakaarya sambhavanakal enniva instittyoottinte dhanasahaayathil ulppedunnu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
roobert ludlavum gail linds ezhuthiya "dhii paarees oopshan" enna pusthakam aarambhikkunnath naalu perr instittyoott pasteurine avide nadakkunna oru molecular computer project moshtichathinte marayayi pottitherichaanu.

