
hyde abbe

englandile hamshareile winchesterinte mathilukalkk thottupurathulla oru madhyakala benedikttin aashramamaayirunnu hyde abbe. ashramangalum madangalum pirichuvidunnathinaayi henry VIII raajaavinte keezhil pasakia vividha niyamangaletthudarnnu 1538ll ithu pirichuvidukayum polichuneekkukayum cheythu (aashramangalude pirichuvidal kaanuka). mahanaaya rajaavu alfred, addehathinte makan, mootha rajaavu edward, bhaarya eelswit ennivarude avashishtangal eee madatthil sookshichirunnathaayi orikkal ariyappettirunnu. athinte pirichuvidalinetthudarnna eee avashishtangal nashtappettu, ennirunnaalum madathinteyum chuttumulla pradeshathinteyum khananagal thudarunnu.
charithram.
ekadesham 880ll alfred dhii grettu winchester enna rajakeeya nagaram veendum sthaapichappol, saaksan cathedral rajakeeya kottaravum nagaratthinte hridayabhaagathu nilakondu. nagaram valarnnathode, aalfredinte bharanathinte avasana varshathil nagaratthil bhoomi vaangukayum pazhaya manthriyude arikil, muthirnna edwardinte nirddeshaprakaaram puthiya manthriyude punny aarambikkukayum cheythu. ekadesham 903ll athu poortthiyaayappol, athu vishudheekarikkappedukayum poornnamaayum sambannamaakkukayum cheythu; flandezhsile sent oomarile sent bertinte pandita sanyasiyaaya madaadhipathiyaaya grimbald (juulai 8,901-ll marichu) sthaapikkappedukayum aalfredinte shareeram puthiya ghadanayil veendum kuzhichidukayum cheythu. 
raajakudumbathile niravadhi amgangaleyum puthiya manthriyil samskarichu. 1041-ll vishudha vaalantainte thalayude kanttu vidhavayaya raajnji emma nalkia sammanam ippol naveekaricha benedikttain housinte ettavum moolyavathaaya swathukalilonnaayi vilamathikkapettu.
1109-ll henry onnaaman puthiya mantriye gettinu thottupurathulla nagara mathilukalude vadakkulla hyde meedinte praanthapradeshathekku maattaan utharavittu; 1110-ll puthiya abbe charchu oof hyde prathishtikkappettappol, alfredinteyum bhaarya eelsvithinteyum mootha makan edwardinteyum mrithadehangal uyarnna balipeetathinu munnil orikkal koodi samskarikkunnathinaayi winchester vazhi samsthaanathu kondupoyi. avarude rajakeeya saannidhyam hyde abbe oru janapriya theerthaadana kendramaakki maatti.
1141ll steefan rajaavinteyum maattildayudeyum anuyaayikal thammilulla samgharshathil winchester kathichappol pallikku kedupaadukal sambhavichu, athu ganyamaayi punarnirmmikkendivannu. 1539ll ashramangal pirichuvidukayum athijeevicha sanyaasimaarkk pension nalkukayum cheythathode henry VIII athu pirichuvidunnathuvare eee madam abhivridhi praapikkukayum eee pradeshathu ganyamaaya bhoomi ettedukkukayum cheythu. kettidangal avayude nirmmaana saamagrikalkkum mattenthenkilum moolyathinum vendi athivegam verthirichu. cartulary (britiish libraryil samrakshikkappettirikku), 13-aamm noottaandinte avasaanamo 14-aamm noottaandinte thudakkamo aaya samkshiptharekha, eee benedikttin samooham praarthanayil oormmikkunna purushanmaarudeyum sthreekaludeyum pusthakamaaya "lieber vitta" ennivayaanu nashtappetta libraryil ninnu rakshappettavar.
moonnu varshathinu sesham, 1542-ll puraavastu gaveshakanaaya joonn leyland eee sthalam sandarshichappol, aaa abbe pandey oru pazhaya kaaryamaayirunnu. "eee upabhookhandathil hydinte mahathaaya abbe nilakondu...", addeham abhiprayappettu. "padinjaaran saaksanukalile rajaavaaya alfredesinteyum edwardinteyum sanninteyum rajaavinteyum asthikal newandaministrail ninnu vivarthanam cheyyappedukayum hydile uyarnna balipeetathinu munnil oru thoonil vaykkukayum cheythu."
250 varshakkalam, 1538 muthal 1788 vare, alfred kudumbamgangalum samskaricha hyde abbeyude gaayakavrindathinte avasaanam kramena marannu. abbiyude parisaratthinte mattu bhagangal vikasippichu, prathyekichu thekkupadinjaaran koonn oru valia veedaayi maari. aruviyumaayi chernnulla thaazhnna kizhakkan pradesham valia thothil parukkan mechilppuramaayi mariyathaayi thonnunnundengilum avashishtangalude koombaaravum undenna soochanakalundu.
1788ll oru cheria praadeshika jayilinte sthalamaayi kaundi adhikaarikal eee bhoomi etteduthu. kuttavaalikale adithara kuzhikkunna joliyil earppeduthi, angane cheyyumbol, avar abbe saittil niravadhi bhoogarbha shavakudeerangal kaanaan thudangi. oru nireekshakan praadeshika catholica purohithanaaya doow. milner ezhuthi 
akramikal njangalude aalfradukaludeyum edverdukaludeyum chaaratthinu idayil kidakkunnu.....aaa dukhakaramaaya kettidatthinte [vadhuvinte kinarinte] aditharaykkaayi kuzhikkunnathinidayil, mikkavarum ellah idathum chila purathana kallarakal lamghikkappettu, athinte aadaraneeyamaaya ulladakkangal adayaalappeduthiya apamaanathode pariganichu, dhaaraalam kallu shavappettikal kuzhichu, chaalisukal, pettanukal, mothirangal, bakkilukal, shoosinteyum bootinteyum thukal, kasabilukaludeyum mattu vasthrangaludeyum velvettum svarnnavum, koodaathe manoharamaaya crossierinteyum eratta goliyudeyum vanchakal, rimmukal, sandhikal ennivayum.
innu avasheshikkunnath abhayiyude akathum puratthum ulla praveshana kavaadamaan, abhayiyude millstream vyaapichukidakkunna oru kamaanavum theerthaadakarudeyum saadhaarana sahodaranmaarudeyum (ippol sent barthalomeuse edavaka palliyude nevum chansal) upayogathinaayi nirmmicha pally.
puraavastu khananagal.
pathonpathaam noottaandil, oru praadeshika puraavasthugaveshanam eee sthalathu khananagal nadathukayum vilayeriya vasthukkalkkaayi kollayadikkappedukayum hydile sent barthalomeuse pallikku purathu asthikal punarsamskaaram cheyyukayum cheytha alfred dhii grettu raajaavinte avashishtangal kandethiyathayi avakaashappedukayum cheythu.
1999ll kooduthal puraavastu khananagal nadannu. kurippukal rekhappeduthunnathu
1999leeii khananangalil abbe palliyude kizhakke attathekkurichu kazhiyunnathra vivarangal nedunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha naalu kuzhikal ulppedunnu. ...
nirmmaanatthinte rund gattangal kandethi. 1110ll nirmmichathupole, ilam thavittuniratthilulla chokki mortar kondu bandhippicha flint, chokku avashishtangal upayogichaanu palli nirmmichathu. ... palliyude shareerathe chuttumulla ambulatoril ninnu verthirikkunna aarkkedaan gaayakasamghathe nirvachichathu. ... palliyude kizhakke attathulla shethrangalum chaappalukalum sandarshikkunna theerthaadakar gaayakasamghathinoppam aambulettariyiloode nadakkumaayirunnu. palliyude thekk bhaagath ninnu uyarnnuvanna atharamoru chappalil kizhakk attathulla oru cheria chathuraakrithiyilulla murii undaayirunnu. samanamaaya padhathiyulla randaamathe chaappalinte oru bhagam palliyude vadakku bhagathaayi thiricharinju.
1110 palliyude yadhaartha kizhakke attathu 12-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathilo 13-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathilo ilam, thaine niramulla, nerttha daanyangalulla chunnaambukallu upayogichu kattiyulla ooranchu mortar upayogichu punarnirmmicha oru cheria chaappal undaayirunnu.
puthiya ghadana nirmmikkumbol yadhaartha chaappal nilkkukayaayirunnuvennu straattigraaphik sequence soochippikkunnu. orupakshe sevanangalilekkulla thadassam parimithappeduthunnathina punny poortthiyaayappol athu polichumaatti. nirmmaana theeyathi anishchithathvathilaanu, pakshe sent sent kshethrathil nadanna 'athbhuthakaramaaya sambhavangal' prachodippicha paripaadiyumaayi ithu bandhappettirikkam. 1182-ll barnabas.
...uyarnna balipeetathinu nere munnil, mahanaaya aalfredinte shavakudeeram kandethanulla munkaala shramangale prathinidheekarikkunna aazhathilulla intercutting kuzhikalude oru koottam undaayirunnu. 1539ll madam pirichuvittappol, uyarnna balipeetathinu munnilulla shavakudeerangal alfred, edward ennee perukalulla cheria ledu falakangal nirmmichathaayi parayappedunnu. rekhappeduthappetta eee aadyathe lamghanathinte puraavastu thelivukal onnum avasheshichittillenkilum thudarnnulla kandethalukal soochippikkunnathu shavakudeerangal kedupaadukal koodaathe avasheshichuvennaanu. oru varshathinullil pally klosttarukalum polichuneekkukayum palliyude sthalam bhooprakrithiyil ninnu nashtappedukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathe bhoopadangal kaanikkunnath eee sthalam avashishtangalaal niranjirikkukayaanennu...
sambhavam nadannu eathaanum varshangalkk sesham, henry VIII-yude kammeeshanarmaar nadatthiya kandethalukalekkurichu arinjirunna prashastha puraavastu gaveshakanaaya kyapttan howard eee sthalam sandarshichu. govarnorude poonthottatthile jolikalkkidayil uyarnna balipeetathinte sthalam kandethiyathayum athinu munnil moonnu shavakudeerangal sthithicheyyunnuvennum jayil wardenaaya shree peju addehathodu paranju.
aalfredintethaanennu karuthappedunna shavappettiyil eeyam kondu pothinja orotta kallu kondu nirmmichathaanu. athinte vidhiyekkurichum addehathodu parayapettu-thadavukaar ellukal erinju, shavappettika thakarth leed vittu. thudarnnu yadhaartha shavakudeeram jalanirappilekku aazhathil kuzhichu, takarnna shavappetty veendum samskarichu.
pradeshathe aadyakaala kuzhikal pejinte vivaranavumayi nannayi yojikkunnu. uyarnna balipeeta pradeshatthinte muzhuvan veethiyilum vyaapichukidakkunna ithu jalanirappilekku kuzhichu... moonnu rajakeeya shavakudeerangale prathinidheekarikkunna munkaala murivukalude cheria soochanakal kandethi.
swath.
1086ll aadsttan, collingbone, pyusi, manningford, chisaldon ennividangalile bhoomiyude kaivashangal domsday book rekhappeduthiyittundu. collingbone abbots enna munnaamavum innathe manningford abbottukalum eee bandhathe prathifalippikkunnu.

