
iraakhile maadyamangal

iraakhile bahujana maadyamangalil achadi, radio, television, oonlain sevanangal enniva ulppedunnu. 1954ll oru television steshanil ninnu prakshepanam cheiyunna aadya arab rajyamaayi iraakh maari."2020 leeii kanakkanusarichu nooriladhikam radio steshanukalum 150 television steshanukalum arabic, engleesh, kurdish, turkmen, neo-aramic bhashakalil iraakhilekku prakshepanam cheiyunnundu.
sadaam husainte keezhil iraakhi maadyamangal.
sadaam husaininte baath partic keezhilulla maadyamangal kadutha parimithavum karsanamaayi niyanthrikkappedunnathu. bharanakoodatthinte mukhapathramaayi maathram pravarthicha iraakhi warta ejansi enna oru warta shringhala undaayirunnu. sarkkaarinte paridhiyil varunnathallaatha mattethenkilum maadhyamangale nirodhichirunnu. saattalait vibhavangal niyamavirudhamaayirunnu. baagdaadinte chila varenyavargakkaar ithine marikadannittundenkilum, thirichuvaraano kandethaano kazhiyumenna bhayam ithine oru asaadhaarana sambhavamakki maatti.
sadaaminte bharanakaalathu maadhyamangalude niyanthranam vaarthaavitharana manthraalayathinu mail chumatthiyirunnu. eee samayat anchu sarkkar udamasthathayilulla dinapathrangalum oru sarkkar television chanalum naalu radio steshanukalum maathrame undaayirunnulloo. maadhyamangalude niyanthranam sarkkar niyantrikkaan sahaayikkunnathin niyamanirmmanam nadannirunnu, avaganana sahikkapettilla. aavishkaaram vyaapakamaayi niyanthrikkappettirunnu, pathrapravartthakareyo maadyama professionalukaleyo samrakshikkunnathinu niyamangalonnum undaayirunnilla.
yuu. yude keezhil maadyamangal.ezz. adhinivesavum athinte prathyaaghaathangalum.
2003ll samboornna samsthaana niyanthranam avasaanichathinusesham iraakhinte prakshepana maadyamangalil ganyamaaya valarchayude oru kaalaghattamundaayi. udan thanne, saattalait vibhavangalkkulla nirodhanam nilavilundaayirunnilla, 2003 madhyathode, oru bbc report anusarichu, 20 radio steshanukal, 15-17 iraakhiyude udamasthathayilulla television steshanukal, 200 iraakhiyude udamasthathayilullathum pravarthippikkunnathi pathrangal ennivayundaayirunnu. eee pathrangalil palathum avarude sthalangalile janasamkhyaykku aanupaathikamallaatha ennathil uyarnnuvannu. udaaharanathinu, 300,000 janasamkhyayulla najaafil 30-ladhikam pathrangal prasidheekarikkukayum vitharanam cheyyukayum cheiyukayaayirunnu.
iraakhi maadyama vidagthanum eee vishayathekkurichulla niravadhi reportukalude rachayithaavumaaya ibrahim alle-marashi, 2003 leeii us adhiniveshathinte naalu gattangal roopappeduthunnu, athil iraakhi maadhyamangalude thudarnnulla pathayil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiya nadapadikal sweekarichu. aakramanathinu munbulla thayyaareduppu, yadhaartha yudhavum lakshyangalude thiranjeduppum, yudhaananthara kaalaghattatthinte prarambhavum vardhichuvarunna kalapavum idakkaala iraakhi sarkkarinum (aii. aii. jii) pradhaanamantri ayad allavikkum kaimarunnathum ennivayaanu gattangal.
vaidagdhyam, dhanasahayam, adikaaram, sivilian sahaaya samghadanakalude pankaalittham ennivayude abhavam thudangi niravadhi kaaranangalal yudhaananthara thanthram phalapradamaayi roopappeduthunnathil yudhaananthara aasoothranam parajayappettu. yudhaananthara punarnirmmaanatthinaayi kettidangal upekshikkunnathinte praadhaanyam yudhasamayathu aathyanthikamayi sradhikkappedaathe pooyi. niravadhi aabhyanthara traansmittarukal nasippikkappettu. yudhathinushesham, vivaramanthralayam nirthalaakkukayum akkaalat iraakhilullavarumaayi cheria bandhamundayirunnavarum praadeshika sheshi valarthiyedukkunnathin vendathra oonnal nalkaathavarumaaya yuu. ezz udyogasthareyum pravasa iraakhikaleyum valareyadhikam aasrayikkukayum cheythathaanu dii-batheefikkeshan prakriya. koodaathe, yudhathinu thottupinnaale nadanna vyapakamaaya kollayum nashavum maadyama adisthaana soukaryangale ozhivaakkiyilla.
ambasseder ell. pooll braimer III administrettar enna nilayil, kolaniyude thaalkkaalika authority (sii. pii. eiii) 2003 juunil radio, television licensukal nalkaan thudangi. sii. pii. eiii. yude telecommunications seeniyar advisoraanu licensukal nalkiyathu. pratheekshicha valia demand aasoothranam cheiyunnathinaayi, eee sii. pii. eiii oafees iraakhi radio-freekwansi spectrum enchineeyarmaarumaayum maanejarmaarumaayum chernnu ellah pradhana iraakhi nagarangalkkum pattanangalkkum oru deseeya efm-radio, tivi chaanal allotment plan vikasippichu. saankethika maanadandangalum aikyaraashtrasabhayude udambadi samghadanayaaya internaashanal telecommunication union (aii. tii. yuu) varshangalkk munbu vikasippichedutha reejian 1 (europe, aphrica, middle eest) allotment plan upayogichaanu deseeya padhathi vikasippichath. nagarangalkkum pattanangalkkum anuvadicha noorukanakkinu efm radio, tivi steshanukal ulppedunnathaanu iraakhi allotment plan. allotment plaanile chaanalukal oru prathyeka chaanalin licensinu apekshikkaan arcum thurannirunnu.
prakshepakarkku parimithamaaya niyanthrana niyanthranam nalkunnathinaayi 2003 juunilum joolaiyilum sii. pii. eiii chila adisthaana niyamangalum niyanthranangalum vikasippichu. udaaharanathinu, kalaapathin prerippikkunna prakshepanangal nirodhichu. iraakhi pouranmaarude aagrahangalum abhiruchikalum thripthippeduthunnathina vaividhyamaarnna shabdangal, vivarangal, samgeetham, vaarthakal enniva nalkunnathinu niravadhi licensukal nalkuka ennathaayirunnu mothatthilulla sii. pii. eiii lakshyam. vyapaaram, parasyam cheyyal, pathrapravarthanam, enchiniyaring, vinodam ennivayude samyojanamaanu prakshepanamennum karuthuttathum abhivridhi praapikkunnathumaaya prakshepana vyavasaayathin deseeya thozhilillaayma kuraykkunna mikachathum valare abhikaamyavumaaya niravadhi professional jolikal nalkaan kazhiyumennum sii. pii. eiii. amgeekarichu. vaanijyaparamaaya prakshepanatthinu vijayakaramaya prakshepakarkku sambathu kettippadukkanulla avasarangal nalkaamennum sii. pii. eiii thiricharinju.
american aikyanaadukalile pothu prakshepana samvidaanathinu samanamaaya oru pothu prakshepana shringalayaaya iraakhi media netvarkkinu (aii. emm. enn. 0) sii. pii. eiii radio, tivi licensukal nalki.
licensukal nalkukayum prakshepana, telecommunication niyanthrikkukayum cheiyunna deseeya niyanthrana ejansiyaayi iraakh communications aandu media kammeeshan (cmc) sthaapikkappedunnathuvar 2004 juun vare sii. pii. eiii deseeya prakshepana licensing, regulatory authority enna nilayil pravarthichu.
iraakhi maadhyamangalude innathe bhooprakrithi.
sadaam hussainte bharanathin keezhil sarkkaarinte mukhapathramaayi pravarthicha iraakhi warta ejansi 2003nusheshavum pravartthanam thudarnnu, ennaal aikyaraashtrasabhayude pinthunayulla swatantra warta ejansiyaaya aswat alle-iraakh athine velluvilichu; iraakhil offeesukalulla pradhana videsha warta ejansikal turkeyile anadolu ajansi, american aikyanaadukalile anubandha pras, germmaniyile dushe pras ejantar, informationay telegraphnoy agansto rossie-telegraphnoy agansto suverennikh stran (itaar-taas), brittante rutermar, chainayude janavibhaagangalude warta ejansi sinhuwa ennivayaanu.
iraakhile "thanthraparamaaya aashayavinimayathinayi" america noorukanakkinu dasalaksham dollar chelavazhichu, koodaathe "baghdad nau" polulla anjjaathamaayi ezhuthiya pathrangalkkum vividha posttarukal, parasyaboard sandeshangal, radio, television spottukal ennivaykkum ithu utharavaadiyaanennu vishwasikkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, iraakhikal atharam maadhyamangale vyakthamaaya prachaaranamaayi thallikkalanjittundu, chilar avaa president husainte keezhil upayogichathupole thanne vikruthamaayi ezhuthappettavayaanennu abhipraayappedunnu.
achadi pathrangalude upabhogam ganyamaayi kuranjathinaal iraakhil oonlain maadyamangal vaarthakalude oru pradhana uravidamaayi mariyirikkunnu. iraakhi nyoos, akku nyoos, engleeshilum arabiyilum prasidheekarikkunna kurdish srothass, alle sumeria, baghdadia, alle iraakh nyoos, iraakh hurr (us-funting), dhaar adastoor ennivayaanu ettavum pramukhamaaya oonlain saannidyamulla oonlain warta autlettukal. pothuvaayi paranjaal, oonlain srothassukal pradhaanamaayum rashtreeya vaarthakal prasidheekarikkunnu. sarkkar udyogastharude pravarthanangalumaayi bandhapetta eathenkilum vaarthakalkk munganana nalkunnu; apoorvvamaayi maathrame mattethenkilum tharatthilulla thalakkettukal munnilum kendratthilum prathyakshappedunnulla. karaarukal oppidumbozhellaam eathu kambanikalumaayi eathu ennappaadangal vikasippikkanamenn palappozhum prakhyaapikkunna sambadvyavasthayum ennayumaayi bandhapetta vaarthakalum vyakthamaaya randaam sthaanathaanu varunnath. suraksha sambhavangal, iraakhumaayi bandhapetta amerikkayude pravartthanangal, paarlamentari nadapadikal, thadassappeduthunna niyamanirmmaana prakriya, oru paridhivare maadyama, vidyaabhyaasa prasnangal ennivayaanu iraakhinte oonlain warta vitharana kendrangalile kavarejinte mattu pradhana mekhalakal. iraakhinte yuvaakkalude pradesamaanu ettavum kuranja kavarej labhikkunnathum athesamayam kooduthal arhatayullathum. mekhalayile sameepakaala viplavangal, iraakhil nadannukondirikkunna prathishedhangal, 35 vayassinu thaazheyulla iraakhi janasamkhyayude valiyoru sathamaanam enniva kanakkiledukkumbol, iraakhinte pathrangalil yuvajana prashnangalkk uyarnna shradha nalkanam. ennirunnaalum, iraakhi deseeya football teaminekkurichulla vishadaamshangal nalkunna sports vibhaagathiloode ozhike avar vaarthakal undaakkunnath apoorvamaanu.
parambaraagatha maadhyamangalkk purame, iraakhil pathrapravartthanatthinte oru puthiya roopamundu-poura pathrapravarthanam. iraakhileyum lokamembaadumulla aalukalude janakeeya abhipraayathekkurichulla vivarangalude pradhana uravidamaayi blogging mariyirikkunnu. 2003 muthal, iraakhi bloggosphere munbu pathrapravartthanatthil pashchaathalamillaathatho avarude shabdam kelppikkanulla maargangalo illaatha niravadhi aalukal ulppedunnu. udaaharanathinu, landanil thamasikkunna oru danthadoktaraanu oru pramukha iraakhi blogger, svanthamaayi oru blogg engleesh samsaarikkunna iraakhikalkkaayi oru foravum nadathunnu. raashtreeyavum saambathikavumaaya kaaranangalal pouranmaarude puram kudiyettatthinte neenda charitramaanu iraakhinu ullathu, 1940kalil ithu ettavum kooduthal aarambhichu. athinaal, iraakhile sambhavavikaasangalekkurichulla sambhashanangalil iraakhi pravaasikaleyum abhayaarthi samoohatheyum ulppeduthunnathu munbu charchakalil cheraan kazhiyaatha iraakhi pouranmaarude valiyoru bhaagathe thirike konduvarunnu.
thangalude abhipraayangal avatharippikkan oduvil oru maargamundennu thonnunna yuvakkal prathyekichum ashayavinimayathinulla eee samvidaanathil pankedukkunnu. nishabdamaakkiya shabdangal ippol kelkkukayum parambaraagatha maadhyamangalkk sambhavangaleyum vikaarangaleyum kurichu mathiyaya vivarangal nalkaan kazhiyaatha anthareekshathil oru sevanam nalkukayum cheiyunnu. iraakhi bharanaghadanayekkurichulla 2005leeii hitaparisodhanayil, iraakhikalude abhipraayangalum shupaarshakalum ariyikkunnathil bloggermar pradhana pankuvahichu.
iraakhi bloggermar pradhaanamaayum purushanmaarum 35 vayassinu thaazheyullavarumaanennu oormmikkendathu pradhaanamaan. ennirunnaalum, bloggermar iraakhi pothujanangale thulyamaayi prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu karuthunnath krithyamallengilum, iraakhi janasamkhyayude pakuthiyiladhikam perum 35 vayassinu thaazheyullavaraan.
pathrangal.
alle madha, alle sabah, alle samaan (landanilum prasidheekarikkappedunnu) ennivayaanu baghdadil prasidheekarikkunna ettavum kooduthal pracharamulla dinapathrangal.
radio.
1936 juulai 1 nuu aarambhicha radio baghdad (republic oof iraakh radio ennum ariyappedunnu) aayirunnu iraakhile aadyathe radio steshan. 
sadaam hussain bharanathinte pathanathinushesham iraakhil radio prakshepakarude vardhanavu undaayittund. ithu vadakku, prathyekichu iraakhi kurdisthaanilum baghdadilum prathyekichum prakadamaanu. basra polulla sthalangalil thekk kurachu steshanukalundu. radio steshanukal pathivayi prathyakshappedukayum aprathyakshamaakukayum cheiyunnathinaal chuvadeyulla eathenkilum pattikaye krithyamaayathaayi kanakkaakkaruth.
iraakhile steshanukal thaazhepparayunnavayaanu
television.
swatantra alle sharkia, alle baghdadia tivi, sarkkar udamasthathayilulla alle iraakhiya ennivayaayirunnu ettavum janapriyamaaya television steshanukal.
ayal rajyangalil ninnulla arabic bhasha upagraha prakshepanangal kooduthal janapriyamaayirunnu