
1589leeii assorus yaatra

1589 augustinum septambarinum idayil anglo-spanish yudhasamayathu cumberlandile moonnaamathe earl jorjju cliffordinte neethrthwathilulla engleesh sainika samyuktha stokku paryaveshanatthiloode assorus dveepukalil nadanna samghattanangalude oru parambarayaayirunnu 1589 leeii assorus yaatra, kambarlaandinte moonnaamathe yaatra ennum ariyappedunnu. ellah dveepukalum onnukil spanish, porchugees sammanangal nedunnathino allengil saadhanangal nalkunnathino vendi akramikkappettu. niravadhi porchugees, spanish kappalukal pidichedukkukayum feyalil nadanna oru yudhavum ulppeduthukayum cheythu, ithu kotta pradhana pattanavum pidichedukkunnathilke nayichu, athu pinneedu kollayadikkappedukayum kathikkukayum cheythu. motham pathimoonnu sammaanangalumaayi engleeshukaarkku veettilekku madangaan kazhinju-niravadhi aalukal rogangalum kodunkaattukalum moolam marichuvenkilum paryaveshanam vijaykaravum nikshepakarkku nalla laabhavumaayirunnu.
prashastha ganithashaasthranjanum cartographerumaaya edward raitt aadyamaayi merkkettar projakshante ganithashaasthra adithara vishadeekarikkunna naavigeshanal padanangal nadathiyathil eee paryaveshanam oru shaasthreeyamaayirunnu.
pashchaathalam.
iberian union kaaranam, 1373 leeii anglo-porchugees udambadi nirtthivaykkappettu, anglo-spanish yuddham ippozhum thudarunnathinaal, porchugees shipping rajakeeya naavikasenayude nyayamaaya lakshyamayirunnu. thalphalamaayi, assorus, cape verde dveepukalum aakramanathinu vidheyamaayi-ithu bhaagikamaayi yooniyante falamaayi dveepukalilekku spanish vyaapaarikalude varavu moolamaanu, mathramalla speyinilekkulla avarude yaathrayude avasana ghattathinu munbu spanish nidhi gaaliyanukalkk bhakshanagal niraykkaan oru sthalam koodiyaayirunnu.
engleesh naavikasena athe samayam samghadippikkappettathode, asorasilekkulla oru verpiriyal paryaveshanathinum raajnji elisabath onnaaman amgeekaaram nalki. cumberlandile moonnaamathe earl jorjju cliffordine oru swakaarya samrambhathinte kamaandaraayi niyamichu, athil addeham "vijayam", "mega", "maargarat", oru caraval, mattu rund pinthunaa kappalukal enniva ulppede niravadhi kappalukal sthaapichu. akkaalat 20 vayassulla vilyam monson maargarattinte captanaayi randaam sthaanathaayirunnu. 1589 juun 18nuu plaimouthil ninnu purappetta comberland speyininte theerathekku pooyi.
paryaveshanam.
spanish theerathetthumbol kambarlaandinte kappalukal lisbanile oru sambanna vyaapaariyod bandhappedutthiya 4,500 poundu moolyamulla newfoundland malsya stokkulla niravadhi franch catholica leagum flemish kappalukalum pidichedutthu. comberland kappal kayari august 1 nuu assorus dveepukalil ethi, thudarnnu spanish amerikkayil ninnulla gaaliyanukalude kadannupokalinaayi kaathirunna sthalathu svayam nilayurappichu. eathaanum divasangalkkullil comberland dveepukalude koottatthe vitharanathinum avideyulla kappalukalkkumaayi akramikkaan theerumaanichu.
zoo mygoval & flores.
cumberlandinte aadya vilii saavo migwalilaayirunnu-avideyulla iberian senaye viddikalaakkaan addeham oru spanish pathaaka paratthi thalasthaanamaaya ponda delgadayilekk neengi, avide addeham athbhuthappeduthi naalu cheria porchugees raakkukal pidichadakki. kambili thuni, putt, taafetta ennivaykku purame olivu ooyilum 30 tyoon madaira veenjum ivayil nirachirunnu.
august 14nuu kappalppada vellathinum bhakshanathinumaayi flores dveepil ethi, ennaal avidevechu terzera dveepil nankooramittirunna chila spanish, porchugees kappalukalekkurichu avarkk rahasyavivaram labhichu. pettennulla attakuttappanikalkkum bhakshanasadhanangal shekharikkaathathinum sesham engleeshukaar udan thanne aaa dveepilekku yaathrathirichu.
terzera.
addeham athiyappol comberland angra ulkkadalilekku kappal kayarukayum kaanukayum kudungukayum udan thanne spanish, porchugees kappalukalkk nere akramanam nadathukayum cheythu. kyapttan markbariyude neethrthwathil sarr walter raaliyude kappalukalilonnaya "bark oof lime" enna mattoru engleesh kappal addehathe sahayichu. kottayude peerankiyil ninnulla vedivayppil addeham ezhu kappalukale aakramichu; ettavum valia, oru spanish gaaliyon, avide oru oottam yuddham nadannu, ennaal kappal rakshappedaan shramichappol, engleesh vedivayppu avale valareyadhikam nashippichu, muthukalum velliyum 200,000 swarnna duketukalum eduthu aval mungi. kanatha aayudhangalulla oru valia porchugees karaarinulla sramam paraajayappedukayum athu pinneedu rakshappedukayum cheythu. mattoru porchugees karar, malakkayil ninnum indiayil ninnum vanna oru porchugees karar, engleesh naavikar avayil kayariyappol pidichedutthu. motham ezhu kappalukal pidichedukkappettu, avayil spanish kappalukalaya "newstra senora dell loretto", "saan juvan", "ell espirittu saanktu", spanish amerikkayil ninnu varunna "saan christobal" enniva ulppedunnu. putt, svarnnam, velli, cheenjamannu enniva sambathilundaayirunnu. rund porchugees kappalukalil ninnu comberland aanakalude pallukal, daanyangal, thenga, ginian aattinte tholikal ennivayude charakkukal eduthu. yuddham pottippurappettappol dveepile engleesh thadavukaar rakshappedukayum oru cheria boat moshtikkukayum pinneedu "maargarat" avare rakshappeduthukayum cheythu. kappalukal pidichedukkukayum nasippikkukayum cheytha sesham engleesh kappalukal dveepinu chuttum kurachu vellam shekharichu pheyal dveepilekku yaathrathirichu.
pheyal.
1589 septambar 6nuu engleesh kappalppada horta thuramukhathu ninnu fayalilethi. thuramukhathu aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna fort dii santa crusine oru vedinirthalinu keezhil sameepikkukayum keezhadanganamennu aavasyappedukayum cheythuvenkilum avarude "sathyaprathinjayum vishwasthathayum speyinile philipp raajaavinodaanennu" paranju aaa sthalathe govarnor visammathichu. ithu cheythathinushesham 300 engleesh sainikar lagowa kadaltheerathu erangukayum thuramukhathu akramanam nadathukayum thudarnnu graamathe akramikkukayum kettidangal kollayadikkukayum thaamasakkaare akathekku palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. naalu divasathekku avar 2000 duketukal mochanadravyam aavasyappedunnathinupurame nivaasikalude swathukkal kollayadichu. engleeshukaarude vinashakaramaaya prakopanam moolam kettidangal rakshappedaatha pallikalude velli upayogichaanu ithu oduvil adhikaarikal nalkiyathu. avar kotta aakramichappol ambathil thaazhe spanish, porchugees sainikar kettidatthe prathirodhichu, kurachu prathirodhatthinu sesham athu pettennu thanne keezhadangi. govarnor diego gomasinu vyakthiparamayi surakshithamaaya perumaattam comberland nalki. ambathiyettu irumbu aayudangalum pidichedukkukayum avar nilchirunna plaattphom polichuneekkukayum kottaykkullile kettidangal kathikkukayum cheythu.
kollayadicha sesham kappal aduthulla grassiosa dveepilekku kappal kayari, thudarnnu akramanam nadatthi. ennirunnaalum porchugees gramavaasikal udan thanne vedinirthalinte pathakayum ekadesham arupath tonn veenjum nirmmikkukayum puthiya bhakshanam kappalppadayilekku konduvarikayum athinusesham avar dveepil ninnu kappalyatra aarambikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee samayamaayappozhekkum oru spanish nidhi kappalppada tersiayilum cumberlandilum praveshichathe undaayirunnulloo, graciosayilaayirikkum avarkk avare nashtamaayenn avarkk ariyillaayirunnu.
santa maria.
panchasaara niracha porchugees brazeelil ninnu vanna oru cheria porchugees kaarakkaya santa maria dveepil ninnu adutha sammanam eduthuvenkilum engleeshukaarkku rund pere nashtappedukayum pathinaar perkku parikkelkkukayum cheytha kadinamaaya poraattamillaathe ithu surakshithamaayilla. englandilekku thirichayacha pidicheduttha kappalinoppam pookaan yogyamallaatha "maargarat" comberland ayachu, athil parikkettavarum parikkettavarumaaya niravadhi perr undaayirunnu. kyapttan listtarude upadesaprakaaram dveepinte kottakalkku nere oru akramanam nadatthaan comberland aasoothranam cheythathinu thottupinnaale.
avar vila doow portoyil erangiya sesham, avar kanseesoyile paarakkettukalil kayarukayum kyapttan-mejar brass sooras dii albergaryayudeyum addehathinte adjattant andrey dii soosayudeyum neethrthwathil prathirodhakkaril ninnu vediyuthirkkukayum cheythu (pithaav manoval corvello record cheythathupole, sajeeva pankaali; kanyaka meriyude chithram kayyil pidichu prathirodhakare thattikkondupokunnu). paarakkettukalil ninnu kallukal erinja porchugeesukaar aalnashavum aswasthathayum ashayakkuzhappavum undaakkukayum oduvil engleeshukaar pinmaarukayum cheria bottukal, thokkukal, katlaasukal enniva upekshikkukayum cheythu. cumberlandinu thanne vashathum thalayilum kaalukalilum parikkettu, kyapttan listtarin tholil vediyettu.
cumberlandile aalukal avarude murivukal nakkaan purappettu, pakshe eee paraajayatthil niraashappedaathirikkaan avar santa maria avarude kappalukalil kaathirunnu. eathaanum divasangalkkullil avar aduthuvarunna oru kappal kandu, athu sthaapikkukayum vegathil pidichedukkukayum cheythu-brazeelil ninnu 110 tonn panchasarayum valia alavil brazeel maravum konduvarunna 110 tonn porchugees kappal. thudarnnu avalil ninnu labhicha vivarangalude adisthaanathil pravarthichu spanish naavo "newstra senora dii gaya" enna koottukappal pinthudarnnu. rund divasathinu sesham "vijayam" avale kaanukayum kappal avale thakarkkukayum thudarnnu "mega" yude pinthunayode avalil kayarukayum cheythu. oru cheria kadutha poraattatthinu sesham gaaliyon keezhadangi; paryaveshanatthil 25,000 dukkattukale saahasikamaayi neritta oru itaaliyanaayirunnu kyapttan. engleeshukaar avarude kolla paryavekshanam nadatthi-comberland kandathil athbhuthappettu kappalil charmmangal, kochiniyal, kurachu panchasaara, chainees vibhavangal, plate, velli ennivayum niranjirunnu.
bakkiyulla kappalukal ippol spain theerathekku nirmmikkunnu. thangalude sambannamaaya sammaanangalumaayi chrismasinu munbu madangivarumenna pratheekshayil kappal samgham veettilekku yaatra aarambhichu.
cartographic yaatra.
pramukha engleesh ganithashaasthranjanum cartographerumaaya edward raitt thayyarakkiya aadyathe bhoopadatthinte vishayamaayirunnu paryaveshanatthinte root. kembridge sarvakalaashaalayile gonville aandu keys kolejile felloyaaya raittinodu, cumberlandile erl asorasilekku samghadippicha raiding paryaveshanatthiloode naavigeshan padanangal nadatthaan elisabath onnaaman abhyarthichu. kayasinte jeevakaarunyapravarthakaaya derek ingram addehathe "kadalkollayil earppedunnathinaayi avadhi anuvadicha eaka kayas vamshajan" ennu visheshippichu.
1599-ll, paryaveshanathinu patthu varshathinu sesham, raitt englandil nirmmicha aadyathe loka bhoopadam srishtikkukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu, koodaathe jerardes merkkettarude yadhaartha 1569 bhoopadatthinu sesham merkkettar projection upayogicha aadyathethaanu. ithu 1599-ll "nischitha pishakukal" enna prasidheekaranathil prasidheekarichu.
anantharafalangal.
paryaveshanatthinte pothuvaaya vijayathode avar englandilekku madangi, pakshe vazhiyil kappalpadaye kadutha kodunkaattukal baadhichu; pattiniyum rogavum kappalpadayeyum baadhichu. madangivarunna yaathrayil vellam theernnupokukayum saadhanangal shekharikkunnathinulla karyakshamatha muzhuvan paryaveshanatheyum alattiyathinaal palarum daaham moolam marichu. sakthamaaya kaatt irelandilekku avare nayikkunnathinaal saadhanangalkkaayi irelandil oru hraswa stoppinu sesham, ettavum sambannamaaya sammanamaaya "newstra senora dii gaya" yulla oru engleesh kappalaya "maargarat" mounds beikkaduthulla konvaalinte theerathu kappal thakarnnathayi vaartha taamasiyaathe avare ethi. kyapttan listtarum aarr pere rakshicha muzhuvan jeevanakkarum mungimarichuvenkilum bhooribhaagam charakkukalum saar francis godolphine samrakshikkukayum avarkkayi sookshikkukayum cheythu. athesamayam, kanatha kodunkaattinetthudarnnu kappalukal plaimouthilekku neengi. avarkk kappal kayariya sthalathu erangaanulla ashayam upekshikkendivannu, pakaram desember 27 nuu faalmouthilekku madangi. vyathyastha alavilulla laabhathode comberland vividha valuppathilulla pathimoonnu sammanangal nediyirunnu. landanil athiyappol addehathinte kudumbatthil ninnu vaarthayundaayi addehathinte mootha makan marichu, pakshe oru makal janichu.
kottakal attakuttappanikal nadathukayum shakthippeduthukayum cheythuvenkilum avaykku mathiyaya peerankikal undaayirunnilla, athinaal kappalukal avarude sainyathe irakkunnathu thadayaan sainika rejimentinu kaaryamayonnum cheyyaan kazhinjilla. 1597 augustil dweep yaathraykkide essexinte randaamathe earl roobert deverexinte prachaarana velayil walter rally addehathinte aalukalum horta graamam akramikkukayum kollayadikkukayum thee koluthukayum cheytha samayamaayirunnu ithu.
paryaveshakanaaya joonn davis eee paryaveshanatthil pankuchernnu.

