
baamgaastens ooriyantaalis

amoorthamaanu.
manja staarthistal budd veevil ennariyappedunna yadhaartha veevil inamaanu baamgaastenas ooriyantalis. hanikaramaaya kalla manja staarthistilinethire ("centoria solsteeshyalis") jaiva keeda niyanthranatthinte ejantaayi ithu upayogikkunnu.
muthirnna veevil ilam thavittuniramullathum nerttha kottu ilam romangalullathumaanu. ithinu ekadesham 6 millimeter neelamundu. penpakshi manja nakshathratthinte pookkalude thalaykku sameepam 470 muttakal idukayum irunda niramulla myusileju upayogichu avaye pashukkalakkukayum cheiyunnu. larva athinte muttayil ninnu purathuvarumbol, athu pookkalude thalayilekku thurankam kayarukayum avide athu pookkalude bhagangal upabhogam cheyyukayum vithukal vikasippikkukayum cheiyunnu. athu avide pookkaludeyum vithukaludeyum bhagangal, pupateukal ennivayude avashishtangalil ninnu orutharam kokkoon nirmmikkunnu. chedikku undaakunna naashanashtangalil bhooribhaagavum larvayanu, ithu oru nischitha pushpatthinte thalayile vithukalude <aii. dii. 1> nasippikkunnu. ithu hoost-nirddishtamaanu, manja staarthil, chilappol purple staarthil (sii. calcitrapa); ithu oru thaddesheeya sasyangaleyum akramikkunnilla.
eee veevil thekkan europilum medittareniyanilum thaddesheeyamaanu. 1985ll amerikkayil oru bio kantrol ejantaayi ithu aadyamaayi puratthirangi. manja staarthistil kaanapedunna padinjaaran amerikkayiludaneelam ithu ippol sthaapikkappettittundu. kalakalude vyaapanam thadayaan ithu sahayikkunnu, pakshe ithu mattu manja staarthisal bio kantrol ejantumaareppole saadhaaranamo phalapradamo allah.
athinte aathidheyanaaya centoria solsteeshyalis ell-nethire baamgaastenas ooriyantalis kaapiyomondinte falaprapti. kaaliforniyayile rund vyathyastha sthalangalil (thaazhnnathum uyarnnathumaaya) 2 varsha kaalayalavil ithu nirnnayichu.
hoost plaantum veevil phenology uyarnna uyaramulla sthalathu vaikiyittund. thathfalamaayi, andotpaadanam nadathunna muthirnna veevil janasamkhya kaalaharanappettathin valarekkalam kazhinju, secondary flover badsinte (uyarnna uyaramulla sthalam) thudakkam novemberilekku nannayi vyapippichu. muttakal vahikkunna testt hedukalil 50 sathamaanathiladhikam larva marananirakk kaaranam pakwathayulla pupa baadhichilla. veevil vithu kurachathinushesham, 70 sathamaanam vithukalum pareekshana thalayil avasheshichu. njangalude daatta soochippikkunnathu bii. kaaliforniyayile manja staarthisilinte jaiva niyanthrana ejantu enna nilayil ooriyantalis phalapradamallennu thonnunnu.
jeevitachakram.
sheethakaalam kooduthalulla muthirnnavar vasanthakaalath muthal venalkkaalathinte arambham vare chedikalil prathyakshappedunnu. valarunna pookkalude thalaykku keezhil ilaya elakalil muttakal idunnu. laarvakal pongukayum thandilekku thurankam sthaapikkukayum aathyanthikamayi pookkalude thalayilekku praveshikkukayum cheiyunnu, avide avaa cheruppatthilulla vithukale bhakshikkunnu. vithu thalaykkullil pupation sambhavikkunnu. puthiya muthirnnavar pinneedu shaithyakaalathekku chediyil ninnu purathukadakkunnu.
aavaasavyavastha.
vadakke nirayilulla samsthaanangalilum thekk nebrasca, virgenia ennividangalilum kaanapedunna kalla enangalaanu spotted, defuse napweed. eee uyarnna malsarasheshiyulla kalla enangal aswasthamaaya sthalangalilum mechilppurangalilum vegathil sthaapikkukayum ishtappedukayum cheiyunnu. rund kalakalum susthaapithamaaya pulmedukale akramikkukayum thaddesheeya sasyajaalangale malsarippikkukayum cheyyum. bii yude release. eee kalakale niyantrikkaan sahaayikkunnathin pullipuli shathrukkalude oru samuchayam avatharippikkunathinulla oru prograaminte bhagamaanu faustti.
feeld identification.
manja nakshathratthinte niyanthranathinaayi niravadhi praanikal purathuvannittundu. bii. ooriyantalisine mattu vithu thala vandukalaaya eustenopus villosus, larinus curtus ennivayil ninnu valare cheruthum moorchayullathumaaya mookk kondu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum. bii. ooriyantalisinum iii-yekkaal valare cheria shareera romangalundu. villosus.
keedangal aakramichu.
bii. fausttiye hoost nirddishtamaayi kanakkaakkukayum centoria janussile chila enangalil parimithappedutthukayum cheiyunnu, prathyekichu sii. defusa (defuse napweed), sii. maculosa (spotted napweed), sii. calcitrapa (purple staar-thisttil), sii. schwarosa (schwaros napweed), apoorvvamaayi sii yeei akramikkum. solsteeshyalis (manja nakshatra-mushti), ivayellaam kalakalaanu. bii. kku munbu europile feeldilum laborattariyilum vipulamaaya hoost specificality testtukal nadathiyirunnu. faustti amerikkayil neekkam cheyyukayum purathirakkukayum cheythu.
labhyatha.
manja staarthistil kaanapedunna edangalilellaam eee vandu eluppathil labhyamaan. vasanthakaalam muthal venalkkaalathinte arambham vare muthirnnavare shekharikkaam. ennirunnaalum, athinte prathyaaghaathangal saadhaaranayaayi e-yumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol dvitheeyamaanu. villosus, mikka staarthisal saittukalilum ithu ithinakam thanne ullathinaal, punarvitharanam anaavasyamaayirikkaam.

