
menomini bhasha

menomini, menomini ennum ucharikkappedunnu (menomini bhashayil) yunaittad stetsile ippol vadakkan visconsinile charitraparamaaya menomini janangal samsaarikkunna vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna oru algongian bhaashayaan. praadeshikamaayi theevramaaya klaasukal bhaashayude upayogam punarujjeevippikkunnathum sarvakalaashaalakalumaayulla pankaalitthatthinum federal amgeekritha gothram pravartthikkunnu. samsaarikkunnavaril bhooribhaagavum praayamaayavaraanu. palarum engleeshine avarude aadya bhashayaayi upayogikkunnu.
gothratthinte perum athilninnu uruthirinja bhashayum 'kattunari' enna vakkil ninnaan vannath. sahasraabdangalaayi eee thaddesheeya bhakshanam shekharikkukayum krishi cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. aneeshinabe janathayil oralaaya vadakkulla avarude ayalkkaraaya oojibvayum oru algongian bhasha samsaarikkunnavarum avarkk eee padam upayogikkunnu.
mattu algongian bhashakalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol menomineeyude pradhana savisheshathakal, thaazhnna muun swaraaksharathinte vipulamaaya upayogam, athinte sambannamaaya nishedha roopaghadana, athinte nighandu ennivayaanu. chila pandithanmaar (prathyekichu bloomfield sapier) ithine athinte shabdashaasthrathinte adisthaanathil oru kendra algongian bhashayaayi tharamthirichittundu.
menomine avarude bashayeyum kurichulla nalla vivara srothassukalil leonard bloomfieldinte 1928 leeii dwibhasha paata shekharam, addehathinte 1962 leeii vyakaranam (oru supradhana padanamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu), skinnarude munkaala naravamshashaasthra pravartthanangal enniva ulppedunnu. 
upayogavum punarujjeevana sramangalum.
nannayi samsaarikkunna churukkam chilar maathrame avasheshikkunnulloo ennathinaal menominee valare vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna bhaashayaan. menominee historikkal preservation offeesinte 1997 leeii oru report anusarichu, 39 perr menominee bhasha avarude aadya bhashayaayi samsaarichu, ivarellaam praayamaayavaraayirunnu; 26 perr ithu avarude randaam bhashayaayi samsaarichu; 65 perr bhasha manasilaakkunnathino mattullavare padippikkunnathino vendi athil chilath padichu.
bhaashayude thudarchayaaya upayogam prolsaahippikkunnathi menomini raashtram menomini bhashayum saamskaarika commission sthaapichu. 21-aamm noottaandil, keshenayile menomini reservation nivaasikal ellah praayathilumulla padithaakkalkkaayi theevra klaasukal nadathukayum bhasha rekhappeduthunnathinum paatyapadhathiyum patana saamagrikalum vikasippikkunnathinum visconsin-maadisan sarvakalaashaalayile bhaashaashaasthranjarumaayi pravartthikkukayum cheythittundu. monica mccolleyude neethrthwathilulla oru menominee nighandu padhathi punarujjeevana shramangale pinthunaykkunna bhaashayude aadhunika nighandukkalude prasidheekaranathinu kaaranamaayi.
1977ll "menomini reservation indiakkaar shavono-gresham school jillayil ninnu verpett swantham jilla thurakkumbol" sthaapithamaaya menomini haiskool, athinte academic prograaminu purame menomini bhasha, drumming, gotra nritham enniva vaagdaanam cheyyaan thudangi.
pree-school, haiskool, muthirnnavarkkulla thalangalilum menominee naashanal collegilum visconsin-green bay sarvakalaashaalayilum menominee bhaashayile klaasukal praadeshikamaayi labhyamaan.
2012-ll, green beyile catholica roopatha visconsinile shavanoyil "klaas muriyil thante praadeshika menominee bhasha upayogichathinu sikshikkappetta ezhaam klaas vidyaarthiyodu" mapp paranju.
2013leeii kanakkanusarichu, "aaroo ezho perr undu... visconsin-steevans pooyint sarvakalaashaalayile sahakarana padhathiyaaya menominee sthalanaamangalude bhoopadatthile oru lekhanam anusarichu, "bhashayil sambhaashanaathmakamaakaan kazhiyum.
orthography phonology.
menomineeyude adisthaana orthography (aii. pii. eiii. yill prathinidheekarikkunna) phonemukalum chuvadeyundu.
svaraaksharangal.
svaraaksharangal munbo sheshamo cheruthaayi nasalize cheythirikkunnu.
vyanjanaksharangal.
naasikal ulppedeyulla vyanjanaksharangal muun svaraaksharangalkku munbu paletalise cheyyukayum pinn svaraaksharangalkku munbu labialise cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
menomini shabdavum shabdamillaatha stoppukalum thammil vairudhyam undakkunnilla, koodaathe inipparayunna swaraaksharathil ninnulla shabdam thurakkal poortthiyaakunnathinu munbu sajjamakkaam.
akshara ghadanayum sammarddavum.
menomineeyile aksharaghadana saadhaaranayaayi vc (c) allengil c (c) vc (c) aanu; aksharangal swaraaksharangalil avasanikkunnilla. h", "q" enniva ozhikeyulla eathu vyanjanaksharathinum oru aksharam aarambhikkaano avasanicano kazhiyum. oru aksharatthinte avasaanathil sambhavikkaan kazhiyunna oreyoru koottam "qc", "qs" ennivayaanu. oru aksharam aarambikkaan kazhiyunna oreyoru klasttar "kw" aanu.
oru vaakkinte adutha aksharatthilulla oro neelamulla swaraaksharathilo diftongilo praadhamika sammarddam sambhavikkunnu. mikka samyukthangalum roopabhedangalum sammarddam nirnnayikkunnathil orotta vaakkukalayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. avasana aksharathil vaachaadopa sammarddam varunnu.
pitch.
oru chodyavaakku upayogikkunna oru chodyothara vaakyathil, thudakkathil pichinte uyarchayum thudarnnu veezhchayum avasaanam oru thulliyum undu. athe-illa chodyangalil, vaakyathinte avasaanathil pichil kuthane vardhanayundu. athishayangal, udharanikal muthalaayava prakadippikkunnathinula pichinte modulationukal. engleeshinekkaal menomineeyilaanu ithu saadhaaranayaayi kooduthal ucharikkappedunnathu.
vyakaranam-pothuvaaya.
lexical vibhagangal.
menomineeyil anchu vyapakamaaya vibhaagangalundennu bloomfield prasthaavikkunnu namam, sarvanaamam, nishedham, kriya, kanika. namangal, sarvanaamangal, nishedhangal, kriyakal ennivayellaam prathifalikkumbol kanikakal roopaghadana vahikkunnilla.
karar.
menominiyile karar roopaghadana fusional aakam, udha.jii. animasiyum samkhyakalum (namangal) ore affixinullil soochippichirikkunnu.
aanimeshan.
ellah namangalum rund vibhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu, avaa aanimeshanaayi prathifalippikkukayum aanimett allengil nirjeevamaayi tharamthirikkukayum cheiyunnu. menomineeyile animacy ennathu naamavarggeekaranathinulla oru vyaakarana nirmmithiyaan, allathe "jeevichirikkunna" allengil "jeevichirikkunnilla" enna naamatthinte padaviyude prathiphalanamalla."athinaal, chila ardhaparamaayi antharleenamaayi nirjeeva vasthukkal vyakaranaparamaayi animated aanu. 
nambar.
ellah namangalum bahuvachanamaanenkil avayellaam prathifalippikkendathundu. ekavachanamaaya namangal adayaalappeduthappedaathu.
vyakthi adayaalappeduthunnu.
menominique naalu vyaakarana vyakthikalundu onnu, randaamathethu, moonnaamathethu, anishchithathvam.
vyakaranam-namangal.
karar roopaghadana.
vyaakarana lingabhedathe adisthaanamaakki naama klaasukale animettu, innimettu enningane rund vibhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. koodaathe, ellah namangalum bahuswarathaykku adayaalappeduthanam. naamatthinte kaandangalumayi bandhippikkunna prathyayangalaanu bahuswarata udambadi. ekavachana roopangal adayaalappeduthiyittilla (poojya morpheme "ω" prathinidheekarikkunnu), bahuvachanathinu rund roopangalundu, chuvadeyulla pattikayil kaanichirikkunnu.
eee prathyayangal naamatthinte thandukalumaayo allengil ulla vishayangalumaayo nerittu gadippichirikkunnu. chuvadeyulla udaaharanagal aanimett, animettu naamangalude ekavachana, bahuvachanam prathiphalanangal kaanikkunnu
namangalum vyakthigatha sarvanaamangalum parishkkarikkan naalu vyakthigatha prefixukal upayogikkunnu
chila namangal saadhaaranayaayi shareerabhagangaleyo bandhukkaleyo soochippikkunna, 'makan'; 'ningalude (kall) polulla, kaivashamulla roopangalil maathrame sambhavikkoo.) call ';' aarudeyengilum call '. eee appixukal udamasthaavakaasham soochippikkaan upayogikkunnu (udha.jii. 'ente mootha sahodari'; 'ente kallu'). nadane soochippikkunnathinaayi kriyakalude prathiphalanatthilum avaa upayogikkunnu.
eee prefixukal roopeekaricha vyakthigatha sarvanaamangal inipparayunnavayaanu
namangalum mikkavarum ellah sarvanaamangalum ekavachanathinum bahuvachanathinum vendi prathifalippichirikkunnu. chila namangal ekavachanangalaayi maathrame sambhavikkoo, saadhaaranayaayi draavakangaleyo mattu ennaanaavaatha padaarthangaleyo soochippikkunnu (udha.jii. , 'kaappi'). ekavachanam palappozhum oru praathinidhya ardhathinaayi upayogikkunnu, iii.jii. , 'menomini jeevikkunna reethi'.
namangal praadeshikathaykku vendi ulppeduthaam
prathyayam upayogichu eathu naamatthil ninnum deminictive roopappeduthaam.
ejantu namangal (i.iii.kriyayude pravartthanam cheiyunna oraale ardhamaakkunna namangal, "jolie" ennathil ninnu "thozhilaalli", engleeshil "samsaram" ennathil ninnu "samsaarikkunnavan") moonnaam vyakthi prathiphalippicha kriyayumaayi samaananaamamaan. athinaal,
vyakaranam-kriyakal.
menomini inflectional reference pradarshippikkunnu. namangal, kriyakal, vasthukkal enniva yathaakramam lingabhedam, vyakthi, avayude udamayude ennam, nadan allengil parivartthana kriya ennivayil yojikkunnathinaayi prathifalippikkunnu.
intraansitteevu kriyakal saadhaaranayaayi rund roopangalil sambhavikkunnu onnu aanimett abhinethaakkalkkum mattonn animettu abhinethaakkalkkum
parivartthana kriyakal aanimett allengil nirjeeva abhinethaakkalkkoppam upayogikkaam. traansitteevu kriyakalil avayude vishayatheyum vastuvineyum kurichulla prathiphalanaparamaaya paramarsham adangiyirikkunnu. kriyayude oru roopam aanimett vasthukkalkkum mattonn animettu vasthukkalkkum nilavilunda
almaratta kriyakal thirichariyaanaakunna nadan illaathe ekavachana prathiphalanathilaanu sambhavikkunnath
negattar saadhaaranayaayi 'mazha peiyunnilla' enna kriyaykk munbaanu. model inflectionte chila gadakangalkkum negattar prathifalippikkunnu 'enthukondu, inii mazha peyyan pookunnilla!'athe-illa' enna chodyathinu utharam nalkaan ithu ottaykku upayogikkaam. anivaaryathakale nishedhikkaan kanika upayogikkunnu, 'valare vaikaruth'.
bloomfield menomineeyile kriyayude anchu reethikale verthirikkunnu, avaa kriya, nishedham, vyakthigathavum prakadavumaaya sarvanaamangal, sahaaya kriyakal ennivayil prathifalikkunnu
soochakam prasthavanakal nadathunnu. aadya vyakthi bahuvachanathil, ithu oru hortettariyaayi upayogikkunnu (aadya vyakthi bahuvachanam anivaaryam, 'namukk sajjamakkaam')'
bhasha kudumbam.
aljic bhaashakalude valia kudumbatthinte bhagamaaya algongian bhaashakalilonnaan menominee. goddard (1996), mithun (1999) enniva madhya, samathala algongian bhashakalkkoppam blackfoot, arapaho, cheyenne, kree bhashakal, kizhakkan grettu lake bhashakalaaya oojibve enniva upayogichu ithine tharamthirikkunnu.

