
tampa police vakupp

floridayile tampa nagaratthinte praadhamika niyama nirvvahana ejansiyaanu tampa police department (tii. pii. dii). thamba police vakuppil 985 amgeekritha niyama nirvvahana udyogastha sthaanangalum 350 ladhikam sivilian, support staaf udyogastha sthaanangalumundu. liie bercoyanu ippozhathe acting police medhavi.
unifom dharicha udyogasthare naalu divasathe, naalu divasathe avadhikkala jolikkaalath vinyasikkunnu, oro schwadilum sharashari panthrand udyogasthar.
charithram.
1855-ll tampa nagaram samyojippikkunnathinulla oru niyamathiloode sitti marshell aayirunnu aadyathe audyogika niyama nirvvahana sthaanam srishtichathu. adutha 18 varshathinullil sitti maarshalinte chumathalakalum utharavaadithangalum vipuleekarichu, athil patrolling amgangale ardharaathriyode vilikkunnathinoppam kashap cheytha kannukaalikalude adayaalangalum braandukalum parisodhikkukayum rekhappeduthukayum cheythu.
1886ll mattoru sitti oordinans pasaki aadyathe police seena roopeekarikkappedukayum angane amerikkayile aadyathe police seena roopeekarichu ambathiyonnu varshathinu sesham tampa police vakupp aarambikkukayum cheythu. oru asisttant cheef, oru sarjant, moonnu mounded officermaar ennivarude sahaayathode sitti marshalinu pakaram oru police medhavi undaayirunna tambayude aadya police seena valare cheruthaayirunnu. ennaal oru aadhunika police senayude chila pradhana gadakangal akkaalat sthaapikkappettu. udyogastha yogyathaykkulla maanadandangal merittinteyum shaareerikakshamathayudeyum adisthaanathil sthaapikkukayum udyogasthar unifom dharikkan thudangukayum cheythu. eee kaalayalavil rund detective sthaanangalum chertthu. adutha varsham, 1887 juulai 15 nuu, tampa pattanam audyogikamaayi oru nagaramaayi samyojippikkappettu.
adutha 26 varshathinide niravadhi punasamghadanakaliloodeyum sthaanangal kootticherkkunnathiloodu kuraykkunnathiloodeyum udyogastharkkaayi oru pension padhathi sthaapikkunnathiloodeyum udyogastharude perumattavumaayi bandhapetta niyamangalum niyanthranangalum vikasippikkunnathiloode tampa police vakupp vikasichu. 1913ll vakupp athinte aadyathe thirichariyal officer sthaanam srishtichu. niyama nirvvahanathil innu upayogikkunna viraladayala reethikk munbulla bertilyan identification samvidaanamaanu eee sthaanathekku niyogikkappetta udyogasthan upayogichathu. vyakthikale thirichariyaan bertilyan sisttam mattu swabhaavasavisheshathakalkkoppam mookk, annukal, kaikal thudangiya sareerabhaagangal alakkunna oru prakriya upayogichu.
1915 oru supradhana varshamaayirunnu, kaaranam department florida avanyoovilum jaaksan streettilum sthithicheyyunna puthiya aasthaanathekku maatti. athe varsham thanne praadeshika niyama nirvvahanathil oru viplavakaramaaya upakaranamaya automobilinte varavu tampa kandu. motor sarveesil oru udyogasthane thamba chertthu, addeham departmentinte driver mechanic aayirunnu.
1935 november 30nuu, praadeshika soshyalist affiliate cheytha rashtreeya partyaya aadhunika janaadhipathyavaadikalile aarr amgangale avarude oru meettingil vaarantillaatha raidle tampa police arast cheyyukayum steshanilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. avaril arcum oru kuttavum chumathiyittillenkilum, avaril moonnu perr, joseph schumaker, yujeen polnot, saam roggers ennivare police steshanil ninnu purathupokumbol mukhammoodi dharicha clansmar thattikkondupoyi. braandante praanthapradeshamaaya taambaykku sameepamulla oru vanapradeshathekku avare kondupoyi, avide avare chaattavaaradi kondu chuttukalayukayum cheythu. onpathu divasathinu sesham shhoo maker parikkukal moolam marichu. samsthaana attorniyumaayi sahakarichu hillsburo kaundi sherief anweshanam nadatthi, oduvil sitti jeevanakkarum tampa police chernnaanu akramanam aasoothranam cheythathennu nigamanam cheythu. aadhunika janaadhipathya sabhayil raid cheytha ezhu udyogastharil anjuperkkum mattoru udyogasthanum joseph shoomekare kolappedutthuka, thattikkondupokuka, aakramikkuka, yujeen polnottineyum saam roggersin vadhikkan sramikkuka ennee kuttangal chumatthi. anweshanam thudarnnappol, kuu cluxes klaaninte pankaalitthatthe soochippikkunna thelivukal puratthuvannu. shhoo nirmmaathaavinte sahodaran klaanil ninnu phoniloode bheeshanikal labhichirunnu, thattikkondupokalinu thottumunbu ariyappedunna klaan nethaakkale police aasthaanathu kandirunnu. sambhavathil prashastha clans menn enna moonnu pere koodi arast cheyyukayum prathikalaakkukayum cheythu, koodaathe tampa police medhavi aarr.jii. eee vasthuthaykk sesham tittsworthinodum police department stenographerode aaksasarikalaayi kuttam chumatthi. thattikkondupokalilum kolapaathakatthilum tampa police vakuppumaayo keey. keey. keyumaayo bandhapetta pathinonnu perkkethire keseduthittundu.
1936-ll, vahana moshanangal vardhichathode, thaarathamyena puthiya eee ashayakkuzhappam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi vakupp oru vahana moshana beuro chertthu. gathagatha niyama nirvvahanathil vipuleekaricha pankinoppam vakupp nirvahikkunna jolikalil parking meter nadappaakkal polulla adhika pravartthanangal chertthu.1936 muthal 1961 vareyulla varshangalil, vakupp adhika punarvinyasanathinu vidheyamaavukayum 1940kalil tampa athinte aadyathe parking meterukal kaanukayum cheythu.
1961ll vakuppinte charithratthile pradhana sambhavavikasangal nadannu. hendezhson avanyoovile tampa streettile oru puthiya police kettidatthilekkulla neekkamaayirunnu aadyathethu. 1997ll vakupp nilavile kettidatthilekku maarunnathuvare eee soukaryam aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkum. rund nila samuchayathinte onnaam nilayil police pravartthanangalum randaam nilayil nagaratthinte jailum bharanaparamaya pravartthanangalum undaayirunnu. aaa varsham oru koleju pariseelana paripadi aarambhichu, pankedukkunna udyogastharkku jolie samayavum saambathikavum sambandhichu prathyeka pariganana nalki. oro plaattooninum thulya ennam officermaar nalkikkond "plaattoon" vinyasa samvidaanam sweekarichu, ithu pakal, vaikunneram, ardharaathri shifttukalkkidayil thirikkunnu. police athlattik leag audyogikamaayi samghadippikkukayum taambayude yuvaakkalkk prathyeka pravartthanangal nalkunnathinaayi oru udyogasthane muzhuvan samayamaayi niyamikkukayum cheythu.
1962ll criminal intelligence yoonit samghadippikkukayum prathyeka fayalukaliloodeyum anweshanangaliloodeyum udyogastharkku labhyamaya vivarangal vikasippikkunnathinum pracharippikkunathinum utharavaadithamullathaayi maarukayum cheythu.
puthuthayi niyamitharaaya police udyogasthare parisheelippikkunnathinu feeld instructor samvidaanam 1965-ll sthaapithamaayi. thudakkathil, feeld instraktarmaaraayirunnu schwadukalude corporalukal. pinneedu avar oro schwadileyum mikacha prakadanam kaazhchavaykkunna muthirnna udyogastharaayirunnu.
1967 plaattoon samvidaanam nirthalaakkiyathode manushyashakthiyude oru puthiya vinyaasam konduvannu. 21 schwadukalulla oru vazhakkamulla vinyasa samvidaanam ithinu pakaram vannu. aavasyamanusarichu pradeshangalilekku udyogasthare eee samvidaanam vinyasichu.
1968ll samsthaana minimum staanderd training kammeeshan oru yogyathayulla pariseelana sthaapanamaayi tampa police academy saakshyappeduthi. akkaalat police departmentinte kettidatthinullilaayirunu akkadami.
1969ll niyamapaalakare sahayikkaan 300 helikopttarukal vaangukayum ithinakam pravarthichuvanna rund fixed wing vimaanagalkk poorakamaayi 300 helikopttarukal vaangukayum cheythu. thirachilinide udyogasthare sahayikkunnathil helikopttarinte punk valare valuthaayirunnu.
vakupum warta maadyamangalum thammilulla bandhamaayi pravartthikkaan 1971laanu pothu vivara oafees roopeekarichathu. aaa varsham, alabaamayile hundsvilleyile us armi redston aazhsanal basil sphodakavasthukkal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil aadyathe apakadakaramaaya upakarana saankethika vidagthanu pariseelanam nalki. 1973ll mattu niravadhi udyogastharkku redstonil pariseelanam labhikkunnathuvare aaa technician ottaykku jolie cheythu.
1972ll police aasthaana kettidatthil ippozhum nadakkunna thadavukaarante booking chadangu hillsburo kaundi shereefinte oafees udyogastharkku kaimari. 1979ll scott streettile morgan streettile kaundi jaililekku ooppareshan maattunnathuvare shereefinte oafees udyogasthar police aasthaanathu duty nirvahichu.
1974ll vakuppile udyogasthareyo jeevanakkareyo kurichulla pouranmaarude paraathikal nishpakshathayodum vasthunishtathayodum koodi anweshikkunnathinaayi vakupp aabhyanthara kaarya yoonit sthaapichu.
1975 septambaril school resource officer prograam srishtichukondu saamoohika bandhangalilum kuttakrithyangal thadayunnathilum vakupp oru puthiya yugathinu thudakkam kurichu. sambhavikkunna prasnangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum vidyaarthikalkkum adhyapakarkkum prathirodha paripaadikal avatharippikkunnathinumaayi prograam udyogasthare middle, haiskool thalatthilulla sthaapanangalil niyamichu. police niyama upadeshtaavinte muzhuvan samaya tasthikayum aaa varsham srishtichu. udyogastharkkidayil ettavum pracharamulla paripaadikalilonnu 1975lum nadappaakki. take-hoome kaar prograam udyogastharkku avarude unitukal jolisthalathekkum puratthekkum oodikkaan anuvadichu. kaarukalude attakuttappanikal kuraykkuka, reporting samayangal illaathaakkuka, lokkarukalkkaayi ozhivu sthalam upayogikkuka, udyogasthar thamasikkunna ayalpakkangalile yoonittukalude uyarnna drishyaparathayiloode suraksha prolsaahippikkuka ennivayaayirunnu thathwachinthakal.
1977ll thanthraparamaaya prathikarana team allengil tii. aarr. tii roopeekarichu. udyogastharkkum vishayangalkkum samoohathinum bheeshanikal kuraykkunnathinu prathyeka thanthrangal aavasyamulla prathyeka bheeshanikalodulla prathikaranatthinaayi chila nagarangalil swaatt ennariyappedunna team roopakalppana cheythittundu.
1979ll baanaril nirthalaakkiya charchaasangham roopeekarikkukayum thanthraparamaaya prathikaranasamghavumaayi samyojippikkukayum cheythu.
aadhunika niyama nirvvahanatthinte mattoru naveekaranam 1980-ll thambayil vannu. pothujana avabodhathiloode kuttakrithyangal thadayunnathinu raajyavyaapakamaayi kooduthal oonnal nalkiyathinte phalamaayirunnu ayalpakka nireekshana paripadi.
1981ll feeld instructor prograam officer parisheelanathinaayulla feeld training aandu ivaaluveshan prograam aayi maatti. thudakkam kurikkunna samayat eee paripadi puthumayullathaayirunnu. puthiya udyogasthare parisheelippikkunna reethikalil adhika nirddeshangal labhikkuna udyogasthare niyogichukondu prathyeka pariseelana schwadukal roopeekarichu. academyil ninnu puthuthayi recruit cheyyappettavare eee schwadukalilekku niyamikkukayum saadhaarana schwadukalil cherunnathinu munbu naalu maasathekku dainamdina pariseelanavum moolyanirnnayavum sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
athe varsham thanne vakupp prathyeka kuttakrithya virudha squad allengil sack roopeekarichu. eee yoonittine pinneedu street aanti crime squad ennu vilikkum. theruvu thalavum nagaratthinullile prathyeka kuttakrithya prashnangalum pariharikkuka ennathaayirunnu yoonittinte pravartthanam. aaa varshavum prathyeka aavasyangalkkulla vahanangal allengil espivikal vakuppinte mobility kedaril chertthu. goalf kaarttukalude roopakalppanaykku samanamaaya vahanangal pothujanagalkk kaalnada patrolling anuvadikkunnathinu upayogichirunnuvenkilum kaalnada patrolling pole udyogasthante chalanathmakatha parimithappedutthiyittilla. eee paripadi thudakkathil oru pareekshanamaayirunnuvenkum pinneedu athu sweekarikkukayum dauntaun pradeshathu niyogichittulla unitukal avaa phalapradamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu.
1982ll anchu naaykkaleyum kaikaaryam cheiyunnavareyum ulppeduthi vakupp aadyathe keey-9 yoonit roopeekarichu. anchil naaluperkk thirachilum trackilum pariseelanam labhichappol anchaamathe naayaykk mayakkumarunnu, sphodakavasthukkal kandethal ennivayil pariseelanam labhichu. athe varsham augustil police dive team samghadippichu. irupathinaalu manikkoor adisthaanathil vellathinadiyile thirachilinum veendedukkalinum avar vakuppinu sheshi nalki.
1983ll udyogastharude vinyaasathil vakupp oru pareekshanam nadatthi. jilla I oru kwad samvidaanavum jilla II oru sector samvidaanavum upayogichu. mikacha melnottam nalkuka, vyakthamaaya command shringalakal sthaapikkuka, ayalpakka police ashayam prolsaahippikkuka ennivayaayirunnu lakshyam. 1984 aayappozhekkum rund jillakalum eee mekhala samvidaanam sweekarichu.
pinneedu 1983ll vakuppinte ashayavinimaya vibhaagam valia parivarthanatthinu vidheyamaayi. kooll edukkunnavar kaiyyezhuthunna kolukalude divasangal thamba police departmentil nalla reethiyil avasaanichu. oru puthiya dasalaksham dollar plus computer aided dispatch sisttam allengil sii.eiii.dii. pazhaya reethi maattisthaapikkukayum theruvu yoonittukalude ayachukodukkalilekkum prathikaranatthilekkum kolukal kaimarunna reethi ganyamaayi mechappeduthukayum cheythu.
taambayile theruvu thalatthilulla mayakkumarunnu vyaapaarikalude ennam vardhichathinu marupadiyaayi, prashnam pariharikkunnathinayi oru yoonit vikasippichu. q.yuu.eiii.dii. skvaadukalaayirunnu chodyathinulla utharam. mayakkumarunnu vyaapaarikaludeyum vaangunnavarudeyum aakramanathil ninnu taambayile theruvukale samrakshikkaan eee naalu schwadukalum pravartthikkaan 1989 avasaanathode nagaratthe naalu kwaadrantukalaayi vibhajichu.
1993ll vakupp mobail dispatch samvidaanam allengil emm. dii. ezz nadappaakki. radio airwaves kettaathe nerittu ayaykkunnathinaayi police kaarukalil computerukal sthaapikkaan eee samvidaanam anuvadichu. udyogastharkku ippol rajistreshan nadatthaan kazhiyukayum oru dispaacharumaayi ashayavinimayam nadathaathe vyakthikalude chekkukal aavasyappedukayum cheythu.
1996ll jilla III kootticherthukondu oru puthiya patrolling jilla roopeekarichu. prathyeka paripaadikalilum ybor sitti entertainment distrikt taambayilum vardhichuvarunna tirakk pariharikkunnathinayi kuthira patrollinginaayi oru puthiya moundu yoonit srishtichu. community ooriyantad policing thathwachinthakal upayogichu firehouse pradeshangalil jolie cheiyunna udyogasthare niyamicha firehouse police prograamaayirunnu mattoru pradhana kootticherkkal. udyogasthar ayalpakka prashnangalodu avarude praadhamika utharavaadithamaayi prathikarikkukayum avarude aavasyangal nannayi manasilakkunnathinum abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinumaayi thaamasakkaarumaayi bandham sthaapikkukayum cheyyum.
1997ll sitti haalinu kuruke franklin streettilum maadisan streettilum sthithi cheiyunna puthiya aasthaanathekku tampa police vakupp maariyappol oru valia maattam sambhavichu. yadhaartha kodathi athe sthalathaayirunnathinaal aaa sthalathinu charitraparamaaya praadhaanyavumundaayirunnu. ekadesham patthu varsham munbu nirthalaakkiya take-hoome kaar prograam punasthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu udyogasthar aasvadicha mattoru vikasanam.
1998ll vikendreekaranathilekkal parivartthanam mattoru valia chuvaduveppu nadatthi, jilla II-ll ninnulla udyogasthar bush gaardanukalkk sameepamulla vadakkan thambayile avarude puthiya steshanilekku maari. jilla I steshanil tharakkallidal athe varsham thanne aarambhichu.
1999ll jilla I athinte puthiya soukaryam etteduthu. aaa varsham vakuppinte helikopttarukalil viidiyoo downlinking recording anuvadikkunna gyrocom camera samvidaanangal sajjeekarichirunnu. eee puthuthalamura saankethikavidya vakuppinu kooduthal noothana nireekshanavum udyogastharude suraksha seshiyum vaagdaanam cheythu.
florida laingika vettakkaarane thirichariyunnathinum ariyikkunnathinumulla padhathiyum 1999ll florida laingika vettakkaarane thirichariyunnathinum nadappaakki. prograam eee kuttavaalikale nireekshikkukayum oru noothana computer daattaabes upayogichu avare tracucheyyukayum firehouse officermaar niyanthrikkukayum cheiyunnu.
2000-ll communication vibhaagam kizhakkan thambayile puthiya athyaadhunika soukaryathilekku maattiyathode thamba police vakuppinte vikendreekaranam athinte parakodiyiletthi.
2004 februvariyil vakupp oru poornna punarvinyasikkal nadathukayum nagaratthe moonnu jillakalaayi vibhajikkukayum cheythu. theruvu thalatthilulla mayakkumarunnu, veshyaavrithi, mattu lakshyamidunna kuttakrithyangal enniva pariharikkunnathin oro jillayilum schwadukal sajjeekarichirunnu.
vestt tampa police department.
1895ll vestt thamba svanthamaayi police vakupp pravarthippichirunna oru swathanthramaayi samyojippicha nagaramaayirunnu. 1925ll vestt tampa tampa vestt tampa police departmentine tampa police departmentum cherthu pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
jilla samvidaanam.
jilla onnu.
jilla vann patrolling division taambayude upadveep, padinjaaru, tampa anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalam, reymond jaims stadium, hyde paarkk, kortney campbel cosway, beshore boulivaard ennivayulppedeyulla davis dveepukalude pradeshangalil sevanam nalkunnu. jillayil panthrand unifom schwadukalundu.
jilla rund.
jilla rund patrolling division, bush gardens, sulfur neeruravakal, tampa eenthappana, vettakkaarude pachappu pradesham ennivayulppede taambayude vadakkan bhaagath sevanam nalkunnu."jillayil pathinaalu unifom dharicha schwadukalundu.
jilla moonnu.
jilla three patrolling division kizhakkan thamba, ybor sitti eriya, dauntaun thamba ulppedeyulla thamba thuramukham ennivaykku sevanam nalkunnu. jillayil panthrand unifom schwadukalundu.
jilla specialist unitukal.
jilla olinjirikkunna anweshana schwadukal.
jillayude chuttupaadumulla pradeshathu nadakkunna swathukkalkkethiraaya kuttakrithyangalekkurichu olinjirikkunna anweshanathinaayi oro jillayilum olinjirikkunna jilla anweshana schwadaya plainclute dittakteevukalude oru schwadine niyogikkunnu. akramanangalekkurichu olinjirikkunna anweshanam nadathiyathinum schwadinte oru bhaagathinu mail kuttam chumathiyirikkunnu.
mayakkumarunnu schwadukalkku nereyulla pettennulla unifom akramanam.
oro jilla q upayogikkunnu.yuu.eiii.dii. nagarathinullil thuranna theruvu mayakkumarunnu edapaadukal kuraykkunnathinu (mayakkumarunnin nereyulla pettennulla unifom akramanam) schwadukal aakramanaathmakamaayi pravartthikkunnu. 1989 februvariyil nadappaakkiya yoonittinte dauthyathil theruvu thalatthilulla mayakkumarunnumayi bandhapetta ellah kuttakrithyangaludeyum anweshanam; badhita samoohathile thaamasakkaarude sahaayathode theruvu thalatthilulla mayakkumarunnu lamghanangalude anweshanam; mattu divishanukalilekku prasakthamaaya theruvu thalatthilulla mayakkumarunnu rahasyaanveshana vivarangal shekharikkukayum pracharippikkukayum cheyyuka; pouranmaarkku nerittu kyoo.yuu.eiii.dii. avarude samudaayathinu niyogikkappetta udyogasthar. sameepapradeshangalil ninnu drishyamaaya theruvu mayakkumarunnu vyaapaarikale neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi schwadukal idaykkide munkaiyedukkunnu. kyu.yuu.eiii.dii. drutha kuttavaalikalude niyanthranam roopappeduthunnathinaayi 2009 ll saakkumaayi layippichu (r.oo.sii.) oro jillayilum schwadukal.
cheef kaastarinteyum asisttant cheef joonn bennattinteyum neethrthwathil kwad squad ashayam muzhuvan illaathaakki. theruvu thalatthilulla mayakkumarunnukalude kuravu prerakashakthiyaayi eiii/sii bennatt choondikkaatti. eee maattam vakuppil kaaryamaaya ethirppu nerittu.
theruvu kuttakrithya virudha schwadukal.
veshyaavrithi, veshyaavrithi ennivayumaayi bandhapetta kuttakrithyangal, kavarcha, kavarcha, vahana moshanam ennivayumaayi bandhapetta kuttakrithyangal enniva kuraykkunnathinu oro jillayilum pravartthikkunna saadhaarana vasthra yoonittukalaan oro jillaykkum niyogichittulla theruvu kuttakrithya virudha (sack) schwadukal. sack q-maayi layippichu.yuu.eiii.dii. 2009ll drutha kuttavaalikalude niyanthranam roopeekarikkaan (r.oo.sii.) oro jillayilum schwadukal.
kuttakrithyangal thadayunna pravartthakar.
kuttakrithyangal thadayunnathinulla sajeevamaaya sameepanathil pravartthikkaan oru police offeesareyum munbu community sarvees officer ennariyappettirunna oru crime prevention practitionereyum oro jillayilum vinyasichittund. oro jillayileyum communitykalile aavasyangal vilayiruthunnathinoppam samgham paraathikal abhisambodhana cheiyunnu.
ayalpakka nireekshana paripaadiyude oro jillayilum avar bandhakaraayum pravartthikkunnu.
kuttakrithyangal kuraykkunnathinu orumichu pravartthikkunna sannadha pouranmaar adangunna communityum police vakupum thammilulla pankaalitthamaaya ayalpakka nireekshana grouppukal avar vikasippikkukayum melnottam vahikkukayum cheiyunnu.
drutha kuttavaalikalude niyanthrana schwadukal.
drutha kuttavaalikalude niyanthranam (aarr.oo.sii.) 2009ll kwad, sack ennivayude layanamaayi schwadukal roopeekarichu.
raankukalum chinnangalum.
thokkukal.
2018ll chamber cheytha smith & vesan emm & pii. 40 ezz & dablyu pistalukalkku pakaram 9 emm. emmile sig sover pii 320 aanu udyogastharkku nilavil nalkiyirikkunnath. 2009ll glock 17 9 emm. emm pistalukalkku pakaram smith & vesan emm & pii 40 pisttalukal. oru saahacharyathil siderminekkaal kooduthal fayar power aavashyamaanenkil deutyilaayirikkumbol tpd udyogastharkku aarr-15,556x45 emm raifilukalude cheria vitharanavumundu. coult, hye-pooyint, rugger ennivayil ninnaan mattullava labhyamaakunnath.
tampa police swaatt officermaar avarude sidermaayi sig sover pii 226 9emm vahikkunnu, ennirunnaalum pii 320 lake department maariyathinethudarnnu upayogicha pii 226 pisttalukal maattisthaapikkunnathum pariganikkunnu.
sitti marshell.
emm. ell. shanahan (1859)

