longuda janangal

vadakkukizhakkan nigeriayile adamawa, gombe samsthaanangalil thamasikkunna oru padinjaaran aafrikkan vamseeya vibhagamaanu lunguda. nigeriayile ariyappedunna eaka maathrusamudaayamaanu avar. thangalude saamoohika samghadanayude pala vashangalilum maathruvamshajanathe lungudakal pithruvamshajanathekkaal pradhanamaayi kanakkakkunnu. maathrnirayil polum vamshaamgathvam kanakkakkaam. eee aacharam avarude mattu ayalkkaarilo nigeriayile mattu gothrangalilo kaanapedunnilla.
charithravum bhoomishaasthravum.
longuda bharanadhikaarikal kanoori shailiyil sthirathaamasamaakki. parambaraagatha bharanaadhikaariyude aasthaanam adamaava samsthaanathile gyookkilaan. vaakkalulla paarambaryamanusarichu, longuda borno samsthaanathu kanooriyil ninnu verpirinju.
paachakareeti.
parambaraagathamaayi, longudayude pradhana vila ginia cholam ("sorgam bicolore") aanu. ithu kallu hand millil tharappichu kattiyulla pesttaayi "tuvo" pakam cheyth pachakkari sooppinoppam kazhikkarundaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, innu arrie, cholam, millatt enniva longudayude pradhana bhagamaanu. longuda ippozhum valarthunna pradhana vilayayi ginia cholam thudarunnu.
vivaham.
longuda praadhamikamaayi bahubhaaryaathvamullavaraanu. longuda janathayude vividha bhaashaabhedangal vivaha chadangukal vyathyasthamayi nadathunnu. parambaraagathamaayi, oru sthriye pranayikkunna oru yuvavu, avale thante vadhuvayi sweekarikkaan aagrahikkunna raathriyil, avalude munkoor arivillaathe, suhruthukkale kshanichu. purushan suhruthukkalum sthriye thante kudililekku thattikkondupokumaayirunu, palappozhum ithu oru sakthamaaya pravrithiyaanu. orikkal aaa sthree thante kudilil oru ratri chelavazhichappol, thangalum kudumbavum thangale vivahitharaayi kanakkakki. vadhuvinte vila saadhaaranayaayi pinneedu nalkiyirunnu. saadhaaranayaayi raathriyil nadakkunna eee thattikkondupokal prathirodhamillathe aayirunnilla. sthreeyude ayalpakkathulla mattu yuvakkal avale rakshikkaan sramikkukayum ellaavarkkum swathanthramaaya oru poraattam nadakkukayum cheyyum. varante varane edukkaan uddeshikkunna varan addehathinte kambaniyum saadhaaranayaayi yudhathil vijayikkendivannu.
ennirunnaalum, sameepakaalath, kristhumathatthinteyum ayal samoohangalude saamskaarika swaamsheekaranathinteyum swaadheenam eee sanbradaayathe maattimarichu. ithinte oru vellathil thaazhthiya pathipp ippozhum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu. eee saahacharyathil, oru purushan oru sthreeyude sammatham chodikkunnu, sthree sammathikkunnu, oru krameekaricha raathriyil, varante suhruthukkalum vadhuvinte suhruthukkalum rahasyamaayi avaleyum avalude vasthrangaleyum avalude maathaapithaakkalude veettil ninnu edukkukayum ratri chelavazhikkaan varante ammaavante veettil pookukayum cheiyunnu, pranayathil avar irunnirunna sthaanathu oru tokkan avasheshippikkukayum athu unione mudrayidukayum cheiyunnu. thante vasthrangal koode kondupokunnathu aaa purushane vivaham kazhikkaan thaan sammathichuvennathinte soochanayaanu.
prasidheekaranangal.
neuman, boony. 1976. "longuda khandathinte aazhameriyathum uparithalavumaya ghadana."
neuman, boony. 1978. "longuda enna kriya."
neuman, joonn eph. 1978. "longuda naadodi kathakalil pankaali ooriyanteshan."
neuman, joonn eph. oppam boony neuman. 1974. "longuda."
neuman, joonn eph. oppam boony neuman. 1977. longuda bhasha sarway.
neuman, joonn eph. oppam boony neuman. 1977. longuda phonology.

