grindston

purathana kaalam muthal upayogikkunna ferres upakaranangal araykkunnathino moorcha koottunnathino upayogikkunna moorcha koottunna kallaanu grinding stoon ennum ariyappedunna grinding stoon. oru mikacha edju srishtikkunnathinaayi friction vazhi upakaranathil ninnu metteeriyal neekkam cheiyunna kallinte urachilinulla gunangalaal upakaranangal moorcha koottunnu. manalppaadathinu samaanamaayi, oro kallinum vyathyasthamaaya gritt undu, athu moorchayullatho mangiyatho aaya upakaranagalkk kaaranamakum. austreliyayil, thaddesheeyaraaya janangal manalkkallukalude puramthallalinethire kallu kodaalikal aavarthichu roopappeduthi araykkunna kuzhikal srishtichu.
charithravum vivaranavum.
purathana kaalam muthal lohangal kondu nirmmicha upakaranangal moorcha koottunnathinu grindstonukal upayogikkunnu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi manalkkall kondaanu nirmmikkunnath.
arachedukkunna kuzhikal.
australian bhookhandathiludaneelam thaddesheeya araykkunna kuzhikal allengil kodali araykkunna kuzhikal kandethiyittundu. haachattinteyo kodaariyudeyo working edju oru urachilulla kallil thechu moorcha koottukayum oduvil kaalakramena aazhamillaatha oval aakruthiyilulla oru kuzhiyude srishtiyilekku nayikkukayum cheiyunnu, kuzhikal neelatthil ninnu neelatthil vyathyaasappedunnu, avaa veethiyum aazhavumullavayaakam. podi kuraykkunnathinaayi araykkumbol kallil thalikkunna vellathinaduthaanu iva palappozhum kaanappedunnath.
yanthrangal.
oru vrithaakrithiyilulla kallu athinte madhyabhaagathu karakkiyaanu grindstone mesheenukal pravartthikkunnathu. moorcha koottunna prakriya niyantrikkunnathinaayi kallu vegatha vardhippikkunnathinum mandagathiyilaakkunnathinum eee yanthrangalil saadhaaranayaayi pedalukal undu. oru crank handle upayogichu pravartthikkunna oru rottari grindstoninte aadyakaala praathinidhyam utrekt salter ennariyappedunna carolingian kaiyezhuthuprathiyil kaanapedunnu. ekadesham 830 muthalulla eee pena droying purathana kaalaghattatthile avasaanathe orijinalilekku pookunnu. 1340 kaalaghattatthile latral salter, athinte achuthandinte oro attatthum rund kraankukal kondu karangunna oru grindstonine vivarikkunnu. 1480 oode, aadyakaala madhyakala rottari grindston oru treadle, crank samvidaanam upayogichu mechappeduthi.

