
moscopol

thekkukizhakkan albaniayile corsey kaundiyile oru graamamaan moscopol allengil voscopoja (;, mattu niravadhi vakabhedangalkkoppam;). pathinettaam noottaandil ithu sugandhavyanjanangalude saamskaarikavum vaanijyaparavumaya kendramaayirunnu. pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathil, athinte ettavum uyarnna samayat, automan baalkkanukalil constantinoppil, vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangal, niravadhi pallikal ennivaykku purathulla aadyathe printing house ivide sthaapichu. greak samskaarathinte oru pramukha kendramaayi marria ithu, paashchaathya nagarikathayil ninnulla valia swaadheenathode albanian, sugandha samskaarathinte gadakangalodukoodiya oru kendramaayi maari.
oru kaazhchappaad nagaratthinte thakarchaykku kaaranam musleem albanian kollakkaarude aakramanangalude oru parambarayaanu. russian saamraajyathinte pinthunayulla oru greak kalaapathinulla thayyaareduppukalil thaamasakkaarude pankaalithatthetthudarnna 1769-ll moscopol thudakkathil aaa grouppukal akramikkukayum eathaandu nasippikkukayum cheythu. 1788-leeii upekshichum nasippichum athinte nasham paryavasaanichu. orikkal sambannamaaya oru nagaramaayirunna moscopoline ioninayile alii paasha oru cheria graamamaayi churukki. mattoru kaazhchappaad anusarichu, eee reydukalethudarnnu madhya, kizhakkan europile vyapara pathakal maattiyathinaalaan nagaratthinte idivu pradhaanamaayum sambhavichathu. innu voscopoje ennariyappedunna moscopol oru cheria parvathagramamaan, mattu chila praadeshika vaasasthalangalkkoppam praadeshika yaadhaasthithika kristhyaanikal oru vishudha sthalamaayi kanakkakkunnu. sugandhamulla pravaasikalil bhooribhaagathinteyum yadhaartha janmanaadukalilonnaanith. aromaaniyanmaarude jarusalem", "nyoo ethans" allengil "baalkkanukalude arcadia" ennum ithine vilipperunalkiyittundu.
aadhunika kaalath, sugandhavyanjanagal janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum allah, varunna kristhyan, musleem albaniakkaar graamatthil kooduthal sthirathaamasamaakki, prathyekichu randaam lokamahaayudhathinu sesham.
peru.
vyathiyanangal.
albanian bhashayil eee pattanam (nischitha roopam) ennariyappedunnu. pattanatthinte sugandhanaamam,,,,,,, ennivaykkidayil vyathyaasappedunnu. pattanatthinte greak namam (lipyantharanam cheyyappettathu) athinte praadeshika thulyaroopathil () vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. greekkil vividha avasarangalilum () vakabhedam upayogikkunnu. eee pattanatthe turkish bhashayil allengil bulgarian bhashayil () ennum vilikkunnu. ithu roman bhashayil allengil roman bhashayil ariyappedunnu.
sugandhajanatha nadathunna pradhana thozhilukalilonnaaya vosco (idayan) enna greak padatthil ninnaan "voscopolis"/"voscopoja" enna roopangal uruthirinjathu. vaakyaghadanayil ninnulla "poja"/"poolis" enna prathyayam greak padamaaya "poolis" (nagaram, kotta) allengil slavik "polje", i. ennivayumaayi bandhippikkam.iii. lalithamaayi. eee nirvachanam uyarnna peedabhoomi tharatthilulla bhoopradeshathinte krameekaranatthinu anuyojyamaanennu nyaayeekarichu peaphus randaamathe vyaakhyaanathe shakthamayi pinthunaykkunnu. sufi parayunnathanusarichu, samudranirappil ninnu 1,220 meter uyarathil oru "samathala" aavaasavyavasthayaayi nirvachikkaan prayaasamaan, ithu greak padamaaya poolisumaayi bandhippikkunnathaanu.
charitraparamaaya rekhakalil upayogikkuka.
16-17 noottaandukalile automan rekhakalil "voscopoja" enna albanian paribhaashaykk keezhil eee nagaram kaanapedunnu. veneeshyan, franch vaanijya rekhakalil, sugandhabhasha samsaarikkunna janasamkhyayumaayi bandhappettirikkunna "voscopolis", "moscopolis" ennee roopangal parasparam upayogikkunnathaayi kaanapedunnu. ohridinte paathriyarkkeesinte saasanangalil, nagaram "moscopolis" enna roopathil prathyakshappedunnu. pathinettaam noottaandil ezhuthukaaranaaya melettiyos mitros thante 'bhoomishaasthram' enna kruthiyil 'voscopolis' enna roopam upayogikkunnu. sent aashramathinte codexil. moscopolis" enna sugandhavarggathil vivarthanam cheiyunna snapakanaaya joonn saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunnu. charitraparamaayi sugandhamulla oru janasamkhya adhivasikkunna ayal gramamaaya shipske swadeshiyaaya goreyile muun bishappaya maikkal enna codexinte lekhakanaayirikkaam ithinu kaaranam. ennirunnaalum, ohrid paathriyarkkeesinte sinadinteyo moscopolile purohitharude yogangaludeyo theerumaanangal polulla codexylake traanskript cheytha archival rekhakalude kaaryam varumbol, maikkal "voscopoja" enna roopathinu munganana nalkiyathaayi thonnunnu. aashramangalile sanyasimar, nagaratthile moonnu jillakalile pramukhar, arconukal ennivar thammil nadanna karaarukalil "voskobhoja" enna roopathil nagaratthinte peru nalkiyirikkunna varshangalile sambhavangalekkurichum ithaanu sthithi.
athinaal, "voscopoja/moscopolis" enna roopangalude upayogam vamsheeyavum saamoohikavumaaya bandhathekkurichulla oru nischitha nigamanamalla, sugandhamulla mishelinte kaikondu ezhuthiya codexinte bhaagathil polum, addeham "voscopoja" enna roopavum upayogikkunna kesukal nammal kandethunnu. rund roopangalum parasparam upayogikkaavunna anubhavaparichayamulla kesukalaanu, ithu rund samoohangaludeyum neenda sahavaasathinteyum adutha samyojanathinteyum sakthamaaya soochanayaanu. akkaalat, mathaparamaya shreniyum athu nirmmicha rekhakalum ozhike, "voscopoja" enna peru saadhaarana janangalkkidayilum thaazhnna purohithanmaarkkidayilum polum valare saadhaaranamaayirunnuvennu ithu soochippikkaam. koodaathe, nagaratthile moonnu jillakale prathinidheekarikkunna, orupakshe pradhaanamaayum albaniakkaar thamasikkunna jillakale prathinidheekarikkunna, mukalil soochippicha karaaril oppuvachavaril "nagushta", "vrasho", "krande" thudangiya albanian kudumbapperukal kaanapedunnu.
bhoomishaasthram.
thekkukizhakkan albaniayile parvathanirakalil ninnu 21 kilometer akale 1160 meter uyarathil sthithi cheiyunna aadhunika moscopol, corsa munisippaalittiyude oru upavibhagamaanu; 2011 ll athinte janasamkhya 1,058 aayirunnu. moscopol munisippalittiyil moscopol, shipske, krushov, jonomad, lavdar ennee gramangal ulppedunnu. 2005ll munisippalittiyile janasamkhya 2,218 aayirunnappol eee vaasasthalathu thanne janasamkhya 500 aayirunnu.
charithram.
thudakkam.
siseriyayile procopiasinte abhipraayathil, justinin onnaaman chakravarty (527-565) masedonia pravisyayil barbarian akramanangalil ninnu samrakshikkunnathinaayi nirmmicha 46 kottakalil onnaaya "musean" kottayumaayi pokville moscopoline thiricharinju. ennirunnaalum, eee pradeshathu purathana nirmmaanatthinte oru soochanayum innuvare illa, ennirunnaalum eee pradesham khananam cheythitilla, puraavastu sarvekalil polum illa. ennaal, randaamathethinte abhaavathil, moscopol oru aantharika vyapara nodaayirunnuvennu parayaam, kuranjathu baisantain kaalaghattam muthal, corca thadatthe beraatt, vlora, durus ennivayumaayi bandhippichu. athinaal, justinin I eee pradeshathu sainika kottakal ettedukkillennu chinthikkaan prayaasamaan, ithu bhaviyil maasidoniyayil ninnu kudiyerukayum padinjarottu neengukayum cheiyunna ettavum pradhanappetta paathakalilonnayirikkum.
moscopolinte nilanilpp charitrakaaranaaya joonn musaakkayil ninnu rakshappedaan paadillaayirunnu. 1478-ll albania vitta addeham, 1510-ll ezhuthumbol "unaa terra cheey sii chiama wescope, laa kwale eiii distratta" upekshicha voscope ulppede chuttumulla ellah gramangaleyum vishadamaayi vivarikkunnu. musakka paraamarshicha voscopinte kaaryatthil, orupakshe eee perulla aadhunika graamamaayirikkaam ithu, uyarangalude adivaarathil sthithicheyyunnathu moscopolylake nayikkunnu. voscope "pays dii devoli magior" ennu thaan vilikkunnathinte bhaagamaayirunnuvenn vaadikkumbol musaka voscopine nischalamaaya oru paranna bhoomiyumaayi bandhippikkunnathayi thonnunnu, athinaal grettar devol mekhala. ennirunnaalum, thante charithratthile mattoru bhaagathil, musaka voscopinekkurichu veendum paraamarsikkunnu, ennaal ithavana athilekku "besi" enna peru cherkkunnu, ithu sariyaaya ooppaar sonile oru graamamaan "voscopabacy". pinneedulla saahacharyathil, oopparile uyarangalude adisthaanathil ekeekaranam mathramalla, dushkar, lavdar, marian, ooppar thudangiya eee pradeshathe mattu ariyappedunna graamangalumaayi athe pashchaathalatthil ithu ulppeduthiyathum soochippikkunnathu athu moscopol (parvathangalil) aayirikkam, voscope (samathalathil) aayirikkilla. ithu ore perilulla aduthulla rund vaasasthalangalude nilanilppinte oru saadhaarana kesine prathinidheekarikkam, aduthulla moscopolil kaanavunna onnu settilmentinu kizhakk sthithicheyyunna "upper goskova", "lover goskova". musaka niravadhi thavana koottangalum vyakthigatha vaasasthalangalum thammil verthirikkunnu enna vastutha eee sidhaanthathe kooduthal pinthunaykkunnu, chilappol ithu vaasasthalangalkkaayi cheiyunnu, pilkkala kaalaghattangalil "drago", "staagna", aadhunika dragastumje enniva polulla oru vaasasthalam roopappettu.
arivinte nilavile avasthayil, moscopolinte oru purathana asthithvam anumaanikkaavunnatheyulla. austriya-hangariyude koonsal ayirunna kaalayalavil 1843-ll moscopolinte oru codex vaayichathaayi addeham vivarikkunna johann jorg voonn haante oru sthireekaranamaaya, automan kaalaghattatthinu munbulla madhyakaalakhattathil athinte roopeekaranathe sambandhichidatholam. 1338ll musakka kudumbatthinte thalavanaan eee nagaram sthaapichathennu vaayichathaayi addeham athil vivarikkunnu. codex hahn enthineyaanu soochippikkunnathennu vyakthamalla. moscopolile vishudha-prodrome aashramathinte codex, athinte aamukha bhaagath, "moscopol pattanatthinte aditharaykku irunootti ambatho munnooro varshangalkk sesham" 1630 laanu nirmmichathennu sthireekarikkunnu, ithu randaamathethu 1330-ll sthaapithamaayirikkanam ennu soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee codex moscopolinte sthaapanathe musaka kudumbavumaayi bandhippikkunnilla, orupakshe mattoru anjjaathavum nashtappettathumaaya codexumaayi koodiyaalochichirikkaamenna hahn avakaashappedunnu. koodaathe, 1939-ll eokeem martianos prasidheekaricha codex oof seyint-prodome, "pazhaya codex" allengil "mahathaaya codex" ennu addeham vilikkunna mattoru pazhaya codexinecurich niravadhi paraamarshangal nadathunnu ennathaanu vastutha, athinte soochanakalil 1779-ll randaamathethu ezhuthiya sanyasi misheline aashrayichu, innu ariyappedunna puthiya codex. saittinte oru purathana allengil palio-baisantain substraattathinte saadhyathayekkurichulla eathenkilum reservationukalkku vidheyamaayi, 14-aamm noottaand muthal, edayasamoohathinte prarambha pravartthanatthil moscopol nilaninnirikkaanaan saadhyatha.
ottomaan rekhakalaal moodappettuthudangiyuppo moscopol oru saadhaarana idaya vaasasthalathinte roopam nilanirtthi. pattika prakaram, pattika prakaram, pattika prakaram, pattikayilullavarkk mrugangalude prajananathodoppam kaarshika pravartthanangalum aarambhichittund. ennirunnaalum, berathile sigilukal 1647-leeii sultan ibraahiminte rund firmanukal nilanirthunnu, avide addehathinte abhipraayathil "naadodi idayanmaar" ayirunna "moscopolile raaya" nuu mail ekapaksheeyamaaya nikuthiyum baadhyathakalum chumatharuthennu vlorayile praadeshika adhikaarikalkk utharavittu, "avarude muthirnnavar aayathinal, ellah varshavum avarude aadukalumaayi vlorayile sanjakkinte shaityakaala mechilppurangalil athunnu".
sambadghadana.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte madhyathil, moscopolile nivaasikal ippozhum pradhaanamaayum "naadodi meyikkunnavaraayirunnu", avar shaithyakaalath moscopolile venalkkaala mechilppurangalil ninnu avlonayile sanjakkilekku avarude attin koottangalumaayi maari. avideyaanu avlonayile sanjakkinte adikaarikalumaayulla avarude samgharsham aarambhichath, sanjakkinte adhikaarikal saangalppikamo ekapaksheeyamaayi vardhippichatho aaya nikuthikal aavasyappedaan thudangiyathinaal ithu avare udaathamaaya thuramukhathu paraathippedaan prerippichu. ennirunnaalum, eathaanum pathittaandukalkk sesham, 1700-ll, moscopol nivaasikal sultanil veendum paraathippettirunnu, ennaal ithavana avlonayile sanjakkinte tomaricayile kaasayil avarude caravan kollayadikkappettathinal, avar saadhaaranayaayi avarude idaya pravartthanavumaayi vyapaaram nadatthaan kadannupokukayum athu oru pradhana saambathika pravartthanamaayi thudarukayum athinaal eee nivaasikalude vaanijya pravarthanangalil melnottam vahikkukayum cheythu athinusesham, moscopolile vyaapaarikalaanu durrez, vlore muthalaaya thuramukhangalilekku nayikkunna avarude kaaravanukalil reydukal nadathiyathaayi paraathippettath.. ottoman bhoovudama sanbradaayathile eee padavi maattam moscopolinte abhivridhi kaalaghattavumaayi poruthappedunnilla.
charitraparamaayi, nagaratthinte pradhana saambathika pravartthanam kannukaali valarthalaayirunnu. eee pravartthanam kambili samskarana, paravatani nirmmaana unitukal sthaapikkunnathilekkum charmakkashanashaalakalude vikasanathilekkum nayichu, athesamayam mattu pradeshavaasikal loha thozhilaallikalum velli, chembu thozhilaallikalaayi maari. pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathil, nagaram oru pradhana saambathika kendramaayi maarukayum athinte swaadheenam ohridile aarch bishappinte athirthikalil vyaapikkukayum ottomaan bharikkunna kizhakkan yaadhaasthithika lokathekku kooduthal athukayum cheythu. eee vyapaaram austriyayile archduechy, hungery raajyam, upper saxony enniva vare ulppettirunnu. 1769 vare, venis, vienna, leapsig thudangiya akkaalathe prashastha europian vaanijya kendrangalumaayi eee pattanam valia thothil vyapaaram nadatthi.
valarcha.
moscopoline sariyaaya ardhathil oru nagaramaayi kanakkaakkunnathil srothassukal vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. vaasthavathil, 1770-ll, moscopolil ninnulla oru purohitan hangariyile videsha adhikaarikalkk munnil ("moscopolis urbs albany") thelivukal nalkumbol ithine oru nagaram ennu vilikkunnathil abhimaanikkunnu. 1791ll bhoomishaasthranjaraaya philipidus konstaantaasum
oru nagaramayum ithu yogyatha nedunnu. ennaal 1728-ll moscopolinte kodumudiyil ezhuthukayum avarkk munbu rekhappeduthiya bhoomishaasthranjanaaya meletius moscopoline oru pattanamayi (πολισμα) vilikkunnu. praadeshikavum kooduthal vishwasaneeyavumaaya oru srothassaaya sent-prodromile aashramathinte codexinecurich paraamarshikkukayaanenkil, athinte rachayithavaaya shipskayude maikkal (1779) ippozhum moscopoline oru graamamaayi ("χορα χοσχοπολις") yogyatha nalkunnu. ennirunnaalum, "horah" enna vaakk palappozhum "sthalam" ennarthathil upayogichirunnu, athu oru graamamaano nagaramaano atho muzhuvan pradeshamaano ennu vyakthamaakkathe. maruvashathu, vishudha-prodrome aashramathinte codexil, vividha kaalaghattangalil ninnulla vividha rekhakal, avaa vilppana swathukkal vangalum, sambhavanayude pravrithikal, ohridinte purushaadhipathyathinte chila synadal theerumaanangal ennivayaayirikkaam. randaamathethu, 1686 muthal, moscopoline oru polyettiya (πολιτεία) ennu visheshippikkunnu, ithu oru nagaratthe sariyaaya ardhathil aduppikkunnu, pakshe athine onnaayi vyakthamaayi thirichariyunnilla. 1732ll venis maasikayil prasidheekaricha thante 'vishwaasam' enna kruthiyil moscopol swadeshiyaaya necther terpo eee nagarathinu rund perukalum nalkunnu. anyayamaaya maargangaliloode adikaaram nedaan pravarthicha nagaratthile chila aarkkanukalekkurichu samsaarikkumbol, eee aalukale raajyavum nagravum eshtappettillennu addeham thante bhaagathekku vyakthamaakkunnu. ithu 'horah' enna vaakkinte vivarthanathinu athinte valipavum saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya tharavum pariganikkathe gramamo raajyamo ennu ardhamaakkunna oru nishpaksha naamamaayi vishwaasyatha nalkunnu. πολιτεία" enna microscopolinu nalkiyirikkunna mattoru perumaayi bandhappett, mukalil paranja udaaharanagal anusarichu, eee vaakk moscopol samoohathe mattu sthaapanangalumaayi bandham nilanirthunna raashtreeyamaayi samghadithamaaya oru sthaapanamaayi naamanirddesham cheythu.
europil ariyappedunnundengilum, moscopol 1716 muthal oru audyogika austriyan rekhayil paraamarshicha oru graamam (dorf) maathramaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, athinaal aaa kaalayalav muthal athinte valarcha ithinakam aarambichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, albania parvathanirakalkkidayil sthithi cheiyunna eee kendrathekkurichu habsburg saamraajyathin undaayirunna vivarangaludeyum arivinteyum vyaapthi vyakthamaakkendathundu. pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil austriyan, hangarian allengil veneeshyan, moscopol vaidagdhyamulla, ennaal oru paridhivare parushavum parushavumaaya vyaapaarikalude videsha maathrraajyamaayirunnu, avar avarude vipanikalkku kambili, tholikal, mezhuk enniva vitharanam cheythu, prathyekichu pathinezhaam-pathinettaam noottaandile prathyeka saahacharyangalil. krishiyodoppam mrugasamrakshanam moscopolinte saambathika pravartthanatthinte oru pradhana bhaagamaayi thudarnnu. oru karakaushala, vaanijya pattanatthinte vasham athinte charitraparamaaya idaya profileumaayi bandhappett prabalamaayitheernittum, vishudha prodrome aashramathin mukalilulla parvvatham pradeshathe nivaasikalkk mechilppuramaayi thudarnnu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, venna, chees, mattu kannukaali uthppannangal enniva ippozhum kudissika adaykkukayo sambhavana nalkukayo cheytha bhakshyavasthukkalaayirunnu eee aashramathinte codex vyakthamaayi saakshyappeduthunnu.
moscopolil pravartthikkunna oru achadisaala, mathasaahithyavum school paatapusthakangalum greekkil nirmmichu. georgios constantinidis enna sanyasi sthaapicha konstaantinoppil achadisaalakku sesham ottomaan europil sthaapithamaaya randaamathe achadisaala koodiyaanithu. eee sthaapanam motham pathonpathu pusthakangal nirmmichu, pradhaanamaayum "vishudharkkulla sevanangalude" shekharam, mathramalla praadeshika pandithanaaya theodor kaavalyothis nadatthiya "vyaakaranathinte aamukham" ennivayum. praadeshikamaayi achadicha ellah pusthakangalum "enn moscopoly" enna soochanayode greekkil mathramaayirunnu ezhuthiyirunnathu. albanian, aromanian allengil slavik bhashakalil bahubhasha achadikalo achadikalo undakaan saadhyathayundenna chila balcan pandithanmaarude avakaashavaadangal sthireekarichittilla. 1744 muthal sambannaraaya videsha vyapaarikal sponsor cheytha nyoo akkadami allengil "hellenicon frontistiriyon" ennariyappettirunna nagaratthile abhimaanakaramaaya vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanathinte director covalliotis pinneedu maari. eee sthaapanam padinjaaran baalkkanukalile yaadhaasthithika kristhyaanikalude pramukha patana kendrangalilonnaayi maari. vidyaabhyaasathinte bhasha greak aayirunnu, athesamayam paadangal nalkaan prashastha greak adhyaapakare kshanichu.
orupakshe baisantain-sheshamulla yaadhaasthithika lokathile aadyathethu aaya "anaathaalayam" ennariyappedunna oru anaathaalayavum oru ashupatriyum motham 24 pallikalum eee nagaratthil undaayirunnu.
moscopolil oru saamskaarika swaadheenam uyarnnuvannu, pala ezhuthukaarum avarude kruthikal greak bhashayilum (akkaalat baalkkanukalude samskaarathinte bhashayaayirunnu) greak aksharamalayil ezhuthiya aromanian bhashayilum prasidheekarichu. 1770ll naalu aadhunika balcan bhaashakalude (greak, albanian, aromanian, bulgarian) aadya nighandu ivide prasidheekarichu. moscopolile sugandhamulla thaddesheeya purohithanaaya danielle moscopolits, baalkkanile greak samsaarikkaatha kristhyan samoohangale hellenisation lakshyamit greak, aromanian, bulgarian, albanian ennivayude oru chatushkoneeya nighandu samaaharichu. uyarnna thalatthilulla boudhika pravartthanangalum greak vidyaabhyaasavum kaaranam moscopoline "puthiya ethans" allengil "puthiya mistra" ennu vilipperunalki. athinaal, aadhunika greak prabudhathayude 18-aamm noottaandile oru pradhana kendramaayi eee nagaram maari.
aromanian bhaashayilulla 18-aamm noottaandile aaraadhanaapusthakamaaya aromanian missel moscopolil ezhuthiyathaakaam. greekkil ninnu vivarthanam cheytha sugandha bhasha baibil grandhangalude samahaaramaaya codex diamony rachayithaakkalum moscopolil ninnu uthbhavichavaraayirikkam.
nashavum thakarchayum.
1769ll musleem albanian sainyam pirichuvidukayum kollayadikkukayum cheythath nagaratthilekkulla aakramanangalude parambarayile aadyathethu mathramaayirunnu. orlov kalapam ennariyappedunna russian saamraajyathinte pinthunayulla oru greak kalaapathinulla thayyaareduppukalil thaamasakkaarude pankaalitthatthe thudarnnaanu moscopol aakramikkappettath. 1788ll ioninayile alii paashayude sainyam thakartthathode athinte nasham paryavasaanichu. eee aakramanathil moscopol praayogikamaayi nasippikkappettu, athinte vaanijyathinte chila bhagangal aduthulla korsilekkum beraattilekkum maari.
athijeevichavar palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhitharaayi, avaril bhooribhaagavum pradhaanamaayum tessali, macedonia ennividangalilekku kudiyeri. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil crusavoyilekku kudiyeriya moscopolil ninnulla yaadhaasthithika albaniakkaar "ohtul dii arbinesh" (albeniyakkaarude kunnu) ennu vilikkappedunna ayalpakkangal kandethi. eee samooham taamasiyaathe nagaratthile sugandhajanavibhaagathil laikkum. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil nagaratthil ninnulla niravadhi yaadhaasthithika albanian kudumbangalum prelape nagaratthil sthirathaamasamaakki. avide avar oru cheria ennaal sradheyamaaya samooham roopeekarichu, oduvil bulgarian, oru paridhivare greak corpus ennivayilekku swaamsheekarikkappettu. chila vaanijya varenyavarggakkaar austriyayile archduchiyilekkum hungery raajyathilekkum, prathyekichu vienna, budapest ennee thalasthaanangalilekkum, mathramalla transylvaniayilekkum maari, avide avarkk romaniayude aadyakaala deseeya unarvil pradhana pankundaayirunnu. nagaram orikkalum athinte pazhaya avasthayilekku thirichuvannilla. ennirunnaalum, pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil oru puthiya school sthaapikkappettu, 1802-ll danielle moscopolitukalaayirunnu athinte headmaster. baaran saiman sainasinte sambhaavanakalum swathukkalum kaaranam eee vidyaalayam thudarnnulla pathittaandukalil pravarthichu. austriyayilum hangariyilum sthithi cheiyunna moscopolile pravaasikal greak janathaykku prayojanakaramaaya sthaapanangal sponsor cheythukondu avarude poorvvikarude paarambaryam thudarnnu. eee kaalayalavil, budapesttilekkum viyannayilekkum kudiyeriya sugandhavaasikalaaya niravadhi amgangal oru savisheshamaaya sugandhaswabhaavam vikasippikkaan thudangi, angane cheytha aadyathe sugandhajanavibhagangalil oraalaayirunnu avar. eee nagarangal sugandhavyanjanangalude othucheral kendrangalaayi maarukayum sugandhavyanjanangalude bhashayum samskaaravum prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu.
1914ll moscopol svayambharana republic oof northen epairasinte bhaagamaayirunnu. 1916-ll onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu saali butkayude albanian samghangal moscopolinu theeyitt niravadhi praadeshika saadhaaranakkaare konnukonna eee graamam veendum nasippikkappettu. eee sambhavam kaaranam sugandha vrithangalil butka oru kriminalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. eee sambhavathe thudarnnu svayambharana pravisyayaaya courseyude bharanathilppetta franch sainikar graamatthile pallikal kollayadichu.
1940 november 30nuu greco-intaaliyan yudhasamayathu, munnerikkondirunna greak sainyam eee pattanam pidichedutthu. 1941 eprilil, greasinte keezhadangalinushesham, moscopol achuthandinte niyanthranathilekku madangi. randaam lokamahaayudhathile pakshapathaparamaaya yudhathil bakkiyulla kettidangal moonnu thavana thakarkkapettu orikkal itaaliyan sainyavum randuthavana albanian desheeyavaadi balli combettar samghadanayum. moscopolil ninnulla pathinanju pakshapaathikal yudhathil marichu. avarude bahumaanaartham, pakshapaathikalude perukal kothivacha oru "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "
pazhaya nagaratthil aarr yaadhaasthithika pallikal (onnu valare takarnna avasthayilaanu), oru paalavum oru ashramavum nilanilkkunnu.
aadhunika kaalam.
1996ll oru videsha muslim moulikavaadiyude swaadheenathil albanian kaumaarakkaar vishudha maikkalinte palli nashippichu, ithu albanian pothujanangale njettikkukayum niraashappeduthukayum cheythu. 2002ll, eee anchu pallikal waled monumentus fundinte 2002 waled monumentus vaachil ulppeduthi. innu, moscopol oru cheria parvathagramavum skee resort maathramaan. sameepa varshangalil, oru greak bhasha sthaapanavum oru samyuktha greak-albanian samrambhavum moscopolil pravarthichittundu.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
aadyakaala kaalayalav.
pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathil corca, permett pradeshathe aadyathe automan rajisttaril moscopolinecurich paraamarsikkunnilla, koodaathe ooppaar parvathanirakalile chuttumulla pala graamangalum ozhivaakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, opaarile parvathapradesham ithuvare automan saamrajyam poornnamaayum keezhadakkiyittillaathil eee pradesham rajisttarinu thaalpparyamillaathathinaal akkaalathe vaasasthalathinte nilanilppinekkurichu oru nigamanathilethunnathinulla oru adisthaanamaayi eee rekha pravartthikkilla. varshangalude roomeliyayude sangraha rajisttaril ohrid, beral (vlora), elbassen ennivayude nahikal ulppedunnu, athesamayam korsayude kaasa (moscopol ulppede) ozhivaakkunnu, athu akkalam muthal monastirile nahiyayude aashrithathvathinu keezhilaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee pradeshathe vadakku bhaagathulla gramangal, marian, nikka, shkosa, manastirikka, malik, simisa, kembetekra thudangiya malik, gora ennivayude gramangal, moscopolinu vadakku sthithicheyyunna ellah graamangalum ithil pattikappedutthiyittundu. eee rajisttaril kaanapedunna opaar mekhalayile eaka graamamaan oosoo. kurachu pathittaandukalkk sesham 330 veettu medaavikalulla oru grameena vaasasthalamaayi, varshathile corca, bilisht, kripishta ennivayude valia rajisttar bondukalil moscopol urappode prathyakshappedunnu. pinneedu, 1647 muthal, sulthaante ammayude prathyekaavakaashamaayi ("mulkk") automans rekhakalil ithu prathyakshappedunnu.
mattoru automan sangraha rajisttar, 1668/9 varshathe, moscopolinecurichalla, marichu moscopol ulppetta korkkayile kasayekkurichaanu paraamarshikkunnath. rumeliayile (monastir) saandjakkinte chattakkoodinullil ettavum kooduthal sathrangal (569) pattikappedutthiya kaasayaayi korkkayile kaasa avide kaanapedunnu. oru noottaand munbulla 330 gaarhika jeevanakkaare paraamarsikkunna aii. dii. 1 enna rajisttarumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol eee 569 sathrangalil bhooribhaagavum moscopolanennu oraal aaropikkunnundenkilum, sradheyamaaya valarcha vyakthamalla, orupakshe moscopol ithuvare athu ariyappedaanirunna vann valarcha anubhavichittilla ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu.
nagaram.
thekkan albaniayile parvathanirakalil otappetta sthalathaanu sthithicheyyunnathenkilum, eee nagaram sugandhavyanjanangalude ettavum pradhanappetta kendramaayi uyarnnu. vadakkupadinjaaran greasile scamnelli, metsovo (oru sugandha vaasasthalavum) thudangiya epairasinte thekkan bhaagangalil ninnaan ividathe nivaasikalil palarum uthbhavichath. pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare ithu oru cheria vaasasthalamaayirunnuvenki pinneedu sradheyamaaya saambathikavum saamskaarikavumaaya vikasanam kaanichu. chila ezhuthukaar avakaashappedunnathu moscopolinte mahatwakaalathu (1730-1760) 70,000 nivaasikalundaayirunnu; mattu kanakkukal prakaram athinte janasamkhya 35,000-nuu aduthaanu; ennaal kooduthal yaadhaarthyabodhamulla ennam 3,500-nuu aduthaayirikkaam. maiks demeter paifus parayunnathanusarichu, "sathyam eee samkhyayodu aduthaayirikkaam [essie]. 3500] 70,000-thiladhikam. moscopolis theerchayaayum pathinettaam noottaandile ettavum valia balcan nagarangalilonnumaayirunnu.
pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathil aadyathe marakamaaya praharathetthudarnnu, 200 oolam veedukalulla nagaram oru adhapathanamaaya koottamaayi churungi. aadhunika kaalatthinte thudakkathilum athu angane thanne thudarnnu. 1774ll moscopol sandarshikkukayum sugandhavyanjanangalude charithram ezhuthukayum cheytha sweedish charitrakaaranaaya johann tanman parayunnathanusarichu, nagaratthile ellaavarum sugandhavyanjanagal samsaarichirunnu; palarum greak samsaarichirunnu, ithu karaarukal ezhuthaan upayogichirunnu. vaasthavathil eee nagaratthil pradhaanamaayum sugandhavyanjanagal niranjathaayi parayappedunnu. pathinettaam noottaandil janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagavum yadhaarthathil sugandhavyanjanangalerum ennaal greekkukal, albaniakkaar, bulgariakkaar ennivarum nagaratthilundaayirunnavum kaanikkunna kudumbanaamangalude 1935 leeii vishakalanathiloode eee vastutha sthireekarichu.
kurayunnu.
baalkkanukalude janasamkhyayil thaalpparyamulla gaveshakanaaya gustav veigand, 1894-ll moscopol sandarshichu, athil pakuthiyum albanian kudumbangalum backie pakuthi sugandhamullavarumaaya 220 kudumbangalude oru graamam (dorf) aanennu addeham visheshippikkunnu.
1900-ll greak koonsal bettsosinte oru report moscopolinte janasamkhyaa gadanayekkurichulla vishadaamshangal nalki. pathinettaam noottaandil eee vaasasthalam nasippikkappettathode sugandhamulla janasamkhya chitharikkidakkukayaanennum avasheshikkunna chila pazhaya kudumbangal mattu sthalangalilekku, prathyekichu courselake thamasam maariyennum athil paraamarsikkunnu. 30 oolam pazhaya kudumbangal avasheshichu, aduthulla ooppaar mekhalaye baadhicha saamoohika-rashtreeya prathisandhi albanian kristhyaanikal avarude muun veedukal upekshichu moscopolil sthirathaamasamaakki. aduthulla rund vaasasthalangalil ninnulla sugandhavyanjanagalum moscopolil punaradhivasippichu. 1900ll 120 albanian kudumbangalum 80 sugandha kudumbangalum adangunna motham 200 kudumbangalaanu moscopolil adhivasichirunnathu. pazhaya sugandha kudumbangalil bhooribhaagathinum greak deseeya bodhamundaayirunnu, athesamayam 3 kudumbangalum chila puthiya thaamasakkaarum romanian anukoolikalaayirunnu (motham 20 muthirnna kudumbangalil ninnullavar), cosmas enna mathapandithan neethrthwam nalki.
aadhunika kaalam.
parambaraagathamaayi oru kristhyan vaasasthalamaayi albaniayil ariyappedunna moscopol, chuttumulla vividha musleem, kristhyan albanian graamangalude ayalkkaaranaan, ennirunnaalum kudiyettam kaaranam randaamathethu janasamkhyaaparamaayi vishaadaavasthayilaayi. communist kaalaghattatthil, chuttumulla gramangalil ninnulla chila muslimkal moscopolil sthirathaamasamaakki, pradeshavaasikal grama janasamkhyaye sammishramaayi ("aii persier") kaanukayum kristhyan gadakathinte thakarchayekkurichu vilapikkukayum cheythu.
aadhunika kaalath, sugandhavyanjanagal janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum allah, varunna kristhyan, musleem albaniakkaar graamatthil kooduthal sthirathaamasamaakki, prathyekichu randaam lokamahaayudhathinu sesham. 2011leeii albanian sensus prakaram 1,058 nivaasikalil% perr svayam albanian aanennum% perr svayam aromanian aanennum% perr svayam aromanian aanennum% perr svayam macedonian aanennum% perr greak aanennum prakhyaapichu. bakkiyulla janasamkhya athinte vamseeyatha vyakthamakkiyittilla. mathatthinte kaaryatthil, athe sensus moscopoline oru musleem bhooripaksha graamamaayi <aii. dii. 1>% avakaashappedukayum kizhakkan yaadhaasthithika nyoonapakshamaaya <aii. dii. 2>% avakaashappedukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, nirddishta daattayude gunanilavaarathekkurichu deseeya nyoonapakshangalude samrakshanathinaayulla chattakkoodile kanvenshanile upadeshaka samiti prasthaavichathu "sensasinte phalangal valare jaagrathayode kaananamennum deseeya nyoonapakshangalude samrakshanathekkurichulla nayam nirnnayikkunnathil sensus samayat shekharicha desheeyathayekkurichulla daattaye maathram aashrayikkaruthenn adikaarikalodu aavashyappedunnu."koodaathe, saadhaaranayaayi kizhakkan yaadhaasthithika vibhaagathilulla albaniayile greak samoohathil ganyamaaya oru vibhaagam sensus bahishkarichu.
yaadhaasthithika pallikalum ashramangalum.
eee mekhalayile bakkiyulla pallikal baalkkanukalile pathinettaam noottaandile sabhaa kalaye ettavum prathinidheekarikkunnavayaanna. savisheshamaayi, avarude chuvarchithrangal greasile moundu athosileyum mettiyorayileyum valia sanyasi kendrangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunnatha. vasthuvidyaa roopakalppana pothuve nirddishtavum samaanavumaan gable melkoorayulla moonnu edanaazhikalulla oru valia basilica. vishalamaaya balipeetam, prothesis, diaconicon ennivayaayi pravartthikkunna aantharika edangal ennivayulla pallikal ottathavana nirmmichathaanu. mikka pallikalkkum prothesisinum diaconicaninum aduthaayi vadakkum thekkum mathilukalil oronnilum oru idamundu. thekk bhaagath oru kamaanamulla poomukhamundu.
sent koodaathe moscopolile <aii. dii. 1> pallikalkk chuttumulla yadhaartha pallikal. pattanatthinu sameepamulla joonn dhaa baptist monastry (allengil;), aadhunika kaalathekku anchu ennam maathrame nilaninnittulloo
takarnna pallikalil chilath inipparayunnavayaanu
kaalavastha.
thaazhnna bhaagangalil mithamaaya thaazhvara kaalaavasthayum uyarnna pradeshangalil yadhaartha alpine kaalaavasthayum undu. anukoolamaaya kaalavastha eee kendratthe shaithyakaalam, venalkkaalam, kaayikam, vinoda vinodasanjaaram ennivaykku anuyojyamaakkunnu, athinaal varsham muzhuvanum albaniayile pradeshangalil ninnu mathramalla videshikalil ninnum vinodasanchaarikal undu.
sradheyamaaya aalukal.
moscopolil janichavar
moscopolil verukalulla mattullavar

