
jaims pitmaan

sarr isak jaims pitmaan (jaims ennariyappedunnu), kebi (14 august 1901-1 septambar 1985) oru vishishta prasadhakanum muthirnna sivil sarvees udyogasthanum pramukha vidyaabhyaasa vidagthanum pramukha raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu. prarambha adhyapana aksharamala allengil aii ennariyappedunna oru idakkaala adhyapana aksharamala upayogichu engleesh samsaarikkunna lokathile kuttikalude saksharatha mechappeduthaanulla sramamaayirunnu addehathinte jeevithathile ettavum valia nettam.tii.eiii. jeevithathile nettangalkku 1961ll addehathinu naitt padavi nalki aadarichu.
kuttikale engleesh bhasha vaayikkaan padippikkunnathinekkur adhyapana sidhaanthangal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythukondu jaims pitmaan thante prashastha muthachanaaya isak pittmaane pinthudarnnu. pitmaan engleesh padavyuthpathishaasthram, aksharamalakal, aksharamala enniva obsassaayi padichu. kuttikalil vaayikkaan budhimuttu undakanulla kaaranam engleesh bhaashayude shabdaparamaaya kramakkedaanennu addeham vaadichu. addeham thante vishakalanam "aksharangalum vayana" (1965) enna thante pradhana kruthiyil samaharikkukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu.
shabdaparamaayi sthiramaaya aksharamalayum aksharavinyasa samvidaanavum ulkkollunna oru idakkaala aksharavinyasam upayogichu kuttikale padippikkukayaanenkil, avar vegathilum eluppathilum vaayikkaan padikkumennum angane engleesh samsaarikkunna lokathe baadhicha mosham saaksharathayude prashnam laghookarikkumennum pitmaan abhiprayappettu. oru pramukha raashtreeyakkaaranum pramukha vidyaabhyaasa vidagthanum enna nilayilulla thante sthaanavum thante vijayakaramaya aagola achadi, prasidheekarana bisinessil ninnulla vibhavangalum bandhangalum addeham thudarchayaayi upayogappeduthi praadhamika adhyapana aksharamala vikasippikkukayum aarambikkukayum cheythu.tii.eiii.), thudakkathil athisayakaramaaya vijayamayirunnu, athinte upayogam yukeyile 4,000 skoolukalilekkum lokamembaadumulla 17,000 skoolukalilekkum vyaapichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
isak jaims pitmaan 1901 august 14 nuu landanile kensingtonil janichu. addehathinte pithaav ernest pitmaanaayirunnu, maathaav frances isabelle pitmaan, nee buttler aayirunnu. kudumbatthile mootha kuttiyaayirunna addehathinu mattu anchu sahodarangal undaayirunnu, ennaal randaam lokamahaayudhathil moonnu perr kollappettu.
pittmaante muthachan prashastha isak pitmaanaayirunnu, addeham pitmaan shorthand ennariyappedunna hraswalekhanam vikasippicheduthu; thalphalamaayi, isak jaims pitmaan thante muthachanil ninnu svayam verthirichariyaan 'jaims' enna madhyanaamathil pooyi. addehathinte muthachan nadatthiya puthumakal vijayakaramaya kudumba bisinasilekku dhanasambaadanam cheythu, "sarr isak pitmaan aandu sansu limittad."eee vastutha kaaranam, jaims pitmaan oru sambanna kudumbatthil janikkukayum oru prathyeka valarcha nedukayum cheythu, elaitt summer fiields school, eettan koleju, ooksfoordile kristt charchu ennividangalil vidyaabhyaasam nedi, avide addeham aadhunika charithratthil maasttar oof arts (emm. eiii) birudam nedi.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
1927ll pitmaan britiish prabhukkanmaare vivaham kazhichappol addeham aaa honine vivaham kazhichu. jorjju losan jonsttan, 1st baaran luke, hoonn ennivarude makalaayirunna 'byoo' ennariyappedunna maargarat beaufort losan jonsttan. edith lora sent. joonn; avarkk orumichu naalu kuttikalundaayirunnu -
sports.
athlattiks (oottam), skiing, boxing ennivayil mikavu pularthiya pitmaan oru swaabhaavika kaayikathaaramaayirunnu, athil addeham 1919 leeii public school middle veytt boxing chaambyanshippu nedi.
ithokkeyaanengilum, pittmaante pradhana kaayika abhinivesham rugby unionaayirunnu, avide addeham oru running wing three-kwarteraayi kalichu. 1921-ll ooksfoord yooniversitti rugby football clubble (rfc) pitmaan thante 'blue' nedi, ennaal 1919-num 1928-num idayil 61 malsarangalil baath rugby football clubbinu (rfc) vendiyaayirunnu addehathinte pradhana kalikkaaryam, 1927-num 1928-num idayil addeham captanaayirunnu. pitmaan pinneedu 1952-num 1954-num idayil baath rfc presidentaayi. 1922 march 18-nuu kalicha kalkatta kappil skotlandinethire englandu rugby union teaminayi kalikkaanulla thiranjeduppilaanu addehathinte currier avasaanichathu, pakshe addeham aaa orotta anthaaraashtra cap maathramaan nediyathu.
sainika sevanam.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu pitmaan sarvees nambarinu (79438) keezhil royal airfozhs volunteer reservil schwadron leaderayi sevanamanushtichu.
yudhakaalathaanu pitmaanu thante anchu sahodarangalil moonnu pere daarunamaayi nashtamaayath.
korpparettu currier.
muthachan sarr isak pitmanoppam sthaapicha kudumba bisinasil addeham thante pithaav ernest pitmaanodum ammavan alfred pitmaanodum chernnu. 1932ll addeham sarr isak pitmaan & soons limittadinte chairman managing directorumaayirunnu. addehathinte neethrthwathil, lunden, baath, newyork sitti, melbone, johannasburg, torrento, tokkiyo ennividangalil offeesukalulla lokathile pramukha vidyaabhyaasa prasadhakarkkum pariseelana bisinasukalkkum onnaayi eee bisinesses maari. 1975ll pitmaan limittadilekku punarnirmmicha prasidheekarana bisinesses 1983ll parasyamaayi. 1985ll ethiraaliyaaya piyarsan plc vaangunnathinumumbu pariseelana bisinesses rund vyathyastha bisinasukalaayi parinamichu pitmaan pariseelana group, jhp pariseelanam (ithu leardirect ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu).
boots dhii kemists, glaxo, bovril, ikvitti & loow life ashwarans sosaitti ennivayulppede niravadhi valia public limittad kambanikalude director boardilum pitmaan sevanamanushtichu.
vidyaabhyaasa vidagthan.
kindergarten kuttikal muthal muthirnnavarkkulla pariseelanam vare vidyaabhyaasam prothsaahippichukondu pitmaan oru pramukha britiish vidyaabhyaasa vidagthanaayi.
1920kalil maida vaaleyile oru kolejile hedmaastaraayi pitmaan thante kudumbatthinte bisinesses thaalpparyangalude (isak pitmaan & sansu limittad) udamasthathayil oru kaalam sevanamanushtichathodeyaanu vidyaabhyaasavumaayulla addehathinte bandham aarambhichath.
thante kariyaril, pitmaan irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathode britiish vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanathile ettavum pramukha vyakthikalil oralaayi maari, niravadhi pramukha vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangalil neethrthwa sthaanangal nedi -
niravadhi bahumanyamaaya sthaanangal nedukayo amgeekaarangal nedukayo cheythittum, pitmaan svayam vivarikkumbozhellaam, aaraan aaraan enna listtingil, addeham ellaayppozhum deseeya adhyapaka yooniyanil uyarnna rankum phayal amgathvavum nalkumaayirunnu, ithu vidyaabhyaasa kaaryangalil addehathinte purogamana yaadhaasthithika pravanathakal thurannukaatti.
pothusevanam.
oru pothusevakan enna nilayil pitmaanu vipulamaaya oru currier undaayirunnu 
yudhasamayathu baank oof englandinte director enna nilayil, puthiya laber administration baank oof englandinte deshasaalkkaranathinu melnottam vahicha boardil pitmaan 1946 ll undaayirunnu. yudhasamayathu, saxenhousen thadankalppaalayathil vyaajamaayi baank nottukal britiish sambadvyavasthayilekku kuthivachathiloode yunaittad kingdatthe saambathikamaayi asthirappeduthaanulla naasi shramatheyum boardinu abhisambodhana cheyyendivannu, randaam lokamahaayudha charithratthile eee episode palappozhum avaganikkapettu, bbc komadi, "swakaarya shulz"."
paarlament amgam.
1945 leeii pothutheranjeduppil, yunaittad kingdatthile paarlamentinte house oof komansilekku baath baroyile yaadhaasthithika paarlament amgamaayi (empy) pitmaan thiranjedukkappettu, thudarnnu naalu thavana veendum thiranjedukkappettu-1950,1951,1955,1959 1964 leeii pothutheranjeduppinu thottumunbu paarlamentil ninnu oduvil viramikkunnathin munbu. paarlament amgamenna nilayil addeham niravadhi sradheyamaaya kaaryangalil vijayichu - 
desasaalkkaranam.
pitmaan aadyamaayi oru yaadhaasthithika emm aayi thiranjedukkappettu.pii. 1945 leeii laber party vann vijayathil addeham klement atliyude sarkkaarinte desasaalkkarana paripaadiyude ethirppil earppettu. prathyekichum, baank oof englandinteyum gyaas bordinteyum deshasaalkkaranathekkurichu addeham vipulamaayi charcha cheyyukayum "desasaalkkarikkappetta samrambhangalile maanejment karyakshamatha" enna swaadheenamulla laghulekha ezhuthukayum cheythu, athil addeham upabhokthru avakashangalum thozhil sarkkar pareekshicha desasaalkkarikkappetta vyavasaayangalude vividha modalukalile kaaryakshamathayum nishpakshamaayi vishakalanam cheythu.
vidyaabhyaasam.
vidyaabhyaasavum pariseelanavum mechappeduthunnathinum athinte dhanasahaayathinum vendi pitmaan thante sthaanam sthiramaayi upayogichu. udaaharanathinu, 1964ll emm. pii. enna nilayil addeham avasaanamaayi nalkia sambhavana skoolukalile tirakk thadayunnathinulla urappu aavashyappedunna oru rekhaamoolamulla chodyamaayirunnu.
engleesh bhaashayile aksharavinyasa, aksharavinyasa parishkaarangaliloode kindergarten praayathilulla kuttikalkk vaayikkanum ezhuthaanum padikkunnathu eluppamaakkanamennu pitmaan paarlamentil aaveshathode vaadichu. samana chinthagathikkaaraaya thozhil empiyaaya mondu follicumaayi chernnu pitmaan parishkaarangal saadhyamaakkunnathinu swakaarya amgangalude billukalude oru parambara avatharippichu. eee nadapadikalkkulla paarlamentari pinthuna oru vichaarana anuvadikkaan sarkkaarine nirbandhitharaakkukayum ithu prarambha adhyapana aksharamaalayude thudakkathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.
loka suraksha.
pittmaante ekadesham rund pathittaand sevanathinidayil oru emm.pii.britiish komanvelthu ulppede lokathinte vividha asthira pradeshangalil dhaaraalam yudhangalum attimarikalum nadannu, ithinu marupadiyaayi pitmaan ulppede patthu paarlamentangal oru loka suraksha authoritye aavashyappedunna oru prabandham prasidheekarichu, ithu anthaaraashtra niyamalanghana kesukal vidhikkan oru loka kodathiyil ninnulla vidhikal adichelppikkaanulla oru shakthiyayirikkum.
bahumathikal.
1961ll britiish saamraajyathile ettavum mikacha kramatthile (kbe) sivil divishante oru saadhaarana naitts kamaandaraayi pittmaane niyamichu.
aksharavinyaasavum vayana.
kindergarten kuttikalkk vayana ezhuthum eluppamaakkukayum angane pothu janasamkhyayile saaksharathayude thoth mechappeduthukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu pittmaante pradhana jeevita nettam.
muthachante paarambaryam.
thudakkathil, engleesh bhaashayude spelling parishkaranatthinte aajeevanantha vakthaavaayirunna muthachan isak pitmaan roopeekaricha ashayangal pitmaan paarambaryamaayi nedukayum eee vaadangal jaims pitmaanu kaimarukayum cheythu. 1844ll addeham prasidheekaricha "phonotype" ennariyappedunna badal engleesh oorthoograafiyude vikasanamaayirunnu spelling parishkaranathekkurichulla isaakkinte pradhana pravartthanam. aksharavinyaasathodulla isaakkinte thaalparyam pitmaan shorthant ennariyappettirunna ettavum vijayakaramaya phoonetik shorthaantinte vikasanathilekku nayichu, ithu oduvil kudumbatthile sambathinte valia uravidamaayi maarukayum 1886 ll sthaapithamaaya sarr isak pitmaan & sansinte roopeekaranathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.
aksharangalum vayana.
thathfalamaayi, pitmaan engleesh oorthoograafiyude uthbhavashaasthram obsassaayi padichu. school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkiya pathinanju vayassukaariloraalkk vaayikkaan maathram kazhiyillennu kaanikkunna yudhaananthara sarkkar sthithivivarakkanakkukaleka addeham khedam prakadippichu, engleesh samsaarikkunna lokathile saaksharathayude mosham nilavaarathinu praadhamika kaaranam engleesh phonology kramakkedaanennu addeham theliyichu. 1969-ll addeham joonn roobert sent-maayi sahakarichu aksharamaalakalilum vaayanayilum thante kandethalukal prasidheekarichu. joonn, oru professional ezhuthukaaran.
lalithamaaya spelling sosaitti.
1936 meyy maasathil, pitmaanum kammitti amgavum, lunden sarvakalaashaalayile school oof ooriyantal aandu aafrikkan stadeesile phoenix professoraaya professor lloyd james thammilulla atlaantik madhyathil oru steem-shippil nadanna oru aakasmika yogathinu sesham lalithamaaya spelling sosaittiyude kammittiyilekku pitmaan thiranjedukkappettu. muthachante shabda paarambaryatthil ninnum pitmaanteyum puthranmaarudeyum vibhavangalil ninnum avesham konduvannu pitmaan samoohathe punarujjeevippichu. professor lloyd jaims 'engleesh spellinginekkurichulla ettavum sradheyamaaya sthithivivarakkanakku anweshanangalilonnaayi' kanakkakkiya 'puthiya spelling' enna seminal pusthakatthinte prasidheekaranamaayirunnu bisinasinte aadya inam.', prasidheekarana chelavukal pitmaanaanu nalkiyathu. pitmaan sosaittiyude treasurer maarukayum oduvil 1936ll presidentaayi uyarthappedukayum cheythu.
paarlamentinte sammarddam.
1949lum 1953lum paarlament amgamenna nilayil swakaarya anga billukale pinthunachukondu shabdashaasthra parishkaranatthinaayi prakshobham nadatthaan addeham thante sthaanam upayogichu. saaksharata nilavaaram mechappeduthunnathinum kochukuttikalkku vaayikkanum ezhuthaanum padikkunnathu eluppamaakkunnathinum engleesh bhashayil orthographic parishkkaranam aavasyamaanennu vaadicha laber empy doow mondu follickinte neethrthwathilulla oru paarlamentari grouppinte bhaagamaayirunnu pitmaan. kuttikale vaayikkaan padippikkunnathinulla oru orthographic maarggathinte pareekshanam anuvadikkunnathinaayi vidyaabhyaasa mantriyaaya florence hozhsbroogil ninnu vittuveezhchakal edukkunnathil avar vijayichu.
praadhamika adhyapana aksharamala.
pitmaan thudarnnu thante jeevithathinte kireeda nettatthilekku pooyi, prarambha adhyapana aksharamala vikasippichu (i.tii.eiii.), 1959 ll "dhii erhard augmented (40-soundu, 42-caractor) lover cases roman alfabe" tii "enna peril aadyamaayi prasidheekarichu. engleesh vaayikkaan padikkuka enna dauthyam lalithamaakkuka enna eaka lakshyathodeyaanu ithu roopakalppana cheythath. thante sradheyamaaya nettam kaivarikkaan pitmaanu thante achadi, prasidheekarana bisinasukalude vibhavangalum vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanavumaayulla vipulamaaya bandhavum chooshanam cheyyendivannu.
vichaarana valare vijayakaramaayirunnu, koodaathe aiyude upayogavum.tii.eiii. yuu. keey. yiloodeyum athinusheshavum america, canada, austreliya, nyoosiland ennivayulppedeyulla engleesh samsaarikkunna lokathekku aniyanthrithamaayi vyaapichu. 1968 aayappozhekkum aii.tii.eiii. federation oof schoolukal yuu. esile 4,000 schoolukal kanakkakki.keey. lokamembaadumulla 17,000 schoolukal aii upayogichu.tii.eiii. eee samayat, gaveshakar ithu valareyadhikam padikkukayum oduvil yuke sarkkar professor frank warberton & vera southgettinodu 1969 ll prasidheekaricha ellah gaveshanangaludeyum swatantra vilayiruthal nadatthaan aavasyappedukayum cheythu. anukoola phalatthinte udaaharanamaayi, 90 adhyaapakarkk southgettu sarway nadatthi.tii.eiii. allengil parambaraagatha oorthoograafi (tii.oo.), rund adhyapakar maathramaan tii.oo. oraal teacher training collegil ninnu nere aii upayogichu padippikkaan vannathaan.tii.eiii. athinaal kuttikale parambaraagathamaayi padippikkunnathinulla budhimuttu orikkalum anubhavichittilla. nirbhagyavashaal, akkaalathe saankethika parimithikal kaaranam, i achadichu.tii.eiii. pusthakangal chelaveriyathum aii upayogikkunnathil adhyaapakarkk pariseelanam labhichathum aayirunnu.tii.eiii. avayude kuravu moolam i.tii.eiii. kramena saambathikamaayi asaadhyamaayitheerukayum athinte nettangal undaayirunnittum 1980kalil pradhaanamaayum upayogashoonyamaavukayum cheythu.
jorjju bernard shaayum shavian aksharamalayum.
1950ll maranamadanjappol akshara parishkaranatthe prolsaahippikkunnathi thante estettinte ganyamaaya bhagamaaya 8,300 poundu swathaayi nalkia jorjju bernard shhaa aaa kaalaghattatthile orthographic parishkaranatthinte mattoru vakthavaayirunnu. atharam parishkaranatthinte oru pramukha abhibhaashakanenna nilayil, shaayude ishtathinte oru pothu trastiyaakaan sarr jaims pittmaane kshanichu, avide mechappettathum kooduthal saambathikavumaaya aksharamala roopakalppana cheiyunnathinaayi shhaa roopeekaricha oru malsarathinte bharanavum vidhiyum addehathinte kadamakalil ulppedum. 1962ll pengvin pusthakangal prasidheekaricha "androcles aandu dhii layan" enna prathyeka phoonetik pathippiloode shavian aksharamalaye pradarshippikkaan chelavazhicha shaaviyude paarambaryatthinte bhooribhaagavum upayogichu shavian aksharamalaye vikasippichedutha kingsley reed aanu eee malsarathil vijayichathu.