
pravda

oru russian broad sheett pathramaan praavda (, "sathyam"), ithu soviyatt yooniyante communist party audyogika pathramaayirunnu, athu 11 dasalaksham pracharamulla raajyathe ettavum swaadheenamulla pathrangalilonnaayirunnu. 1912 meyy 5nuu russian saamraajyathil eee pathram prasidheekarikkaan thudangiyenkilum 1911 januvariyil thanne athu videshathu nilavilundaayirunnu. october viplavathinu sesham soviyatt unionile pramukha sarkkar pathramaayi ithu uyarnnuvannu. 1912num 1991num idayil sii. pii. ezz. yuvinte kendrakammittiyude oru bhaagamaayirunnu eee pathram.
soviyatt union pirichuvittathinushesham 1992ll russian president boris yeltsin pravaada oru greak bisinesses kudumbatthinu vilkkukayum avarude swakaarya kambaniyaaya pravaada internaashanalinte niyanthranatthil pathram varikayum cheythu.
1996ll pravada internaashanalinte udamakalum chila "pravada" pathrapravartthakarum thammil aabhyanthara tharkkam undaayi, ithu "pravada" vyathyastha sthaapanangalaayi vibhajikkaan kaaranamaayi. russian federationile communist party "pravda" paper swanthamaakki, athesamayam chila yadhaartha soviyatt "pravda" pathrapravartthakar verpirinj russiayude aadyathe oonlain paper "pravda oonlain" (ippol "pravda") roopeekarichu.ruu "), communist partyumaayi bandhamillaathathaanu. athiraalikal thammilulla niyamaparamaaya tharkkathinu sesham, russian kodathi oof aarbitreshan rund sthaapanangaleyum "pravda" enna peru upayogikkunnathu thudaraan anuvadikkumennu vyavastha cheythu.
pravda" paper innu nadathunnathu russian federationte communist partyanu, athesamayam oonlain "pravda" aanu.ruu swakaarya udamasthathayilullathaanu koodaathe russian, engleesh, franch, porchugees bhashakalil anthaaraashtra pathippukal prasidheekarikkunnundu.
uthbhavam.
viplavathinu munbulla "pravada".
kaal maarksinte janmavarshikamaaya 1912 meyy 5 nuu (1912 epril 22) "pravda" audyogikamaayi prasidheekarikkaan thudangiyenkilum, athinte uthbhavam 1903 ll moscoyil oru sambanna railway enchineeyar sthaapichappol ninnaan.eiii. koshevnikov. "1905leeii russian viplavathinte velichathil "pravda" prasidheekarikkaan thudangiyirunnu. pathram sthaapithamaaya samayat, "pravda" enna perinu ithinakam thanne vyakthamaaya charitraparamaaya ardhamundaayirunnu, kaaranam madhyakala keevan rusinte niyamasamhitha "ruskaya pravda" ennariyappettirunnu; eee pashchaathalatthil, "pravda" ennaal "sathyam" ennathinekkaal "neethi" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu, "ruskaya pravda" ennathu "russian neethi" ennaanu. eee aadyakaala niyamasamhitha 18-aamm noottaandile russian pandithanmaar veendum kandethukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythirunnu, 1903-ll avarude raajyathinte charithrathekkurichu kurachu arivulla vidyaasambannaraaya russiacarkku eee peru ariyaamenn pratheekshikkaamaayirunnu.
aadyakaalangalil, "pravada" nuu rashtreeya aabhimukhyam undaayirunnilla. kala, saahityam, saamoohika jeevitam ennivayude oru jenalaayittaan koshevnikov ithu aarambhichath. koshevnikovinu taamasiyaathe oru yuva ezhuthukaaran ulppede oru samgham roopeekarikkaan kazhinju.eiii. bogdanov, enn.eiii roskov, emm.enn. pokrovsky, aii.njaan skwortsov-stepanov, p.pii rumyansev emm.jii. pravda" yude 'saamoohika jeevitam' vibhaagathil sajeeva sambhavanakal nalkiyirunnavar. pinneedu avar jenalinte edittoriyal bordai maarukayum sameepabhaviyil russian soshyal demookratik laber party (rsdlp) bolshevik vibhaagathinte sajeeva amgangalaayi maarukayum cheythu. koshevnikovum edittoriyal board thammilulla chila kalahangal kaaranam addeham avarodu pookaan aavasyappedukayum aarr. ezz. dii. ell. piyude menshevik vibhaagam edittoriyal bordai chumathalayelkkukayum cheythu. ennaal avarkkum koshevnikovinum edayilulla bandhavum kayperiyathaayirunnu.
rsdlp oru pilarpp grooppaayirunna ukraine rashtreeya party spilka, jenaline athinte bhaagamaayi etteduthu. 1908ll liyon trotsky pathram edittu cheyyaan shanikkukayum 1909ll pathram viyannayilekku maattukayum cheythu. appozhekkum, "praavda" yude edittoriyal boardil kadinamaaya bolshevikkukal ulppettirunnu, avar viyannayilekku marria udan thanne spilka neethrthwathe ozhivaakki. trotsky pathratthinu oru tabloid formet avatharippikkukayum aarsdlpkullile party poraattangalil ninnu svayam akannunilkkukayum cheythu. aaa divasangalil, "praavda" russian thozhilaalikalkkidayil valia prekshakavrindam nedi. 1910 aayappozhekkum aarr. ezz. dii. ell. piyude kendrakammitti "pravda" yeei athinte audyogika avayavamakki maattaan nirddeshichu.
1912 januvariyil praagil nadanna aarr. ezz. dii. ell. piyude aaraamathe sammelanathil menshevik vibhaagathe partyil ninnu purathaakki. vladymyr leninte neethrthwathil party "praavda" athinte audyogika mukhapathram acan theerumaanichu. paper viyannayil ninnu sent lake maatti. peettezhsburg leninte neethrthwathilulla aadya lakkavum 1912 meyy 5nuu (1912 epril 22) prasidheekarichu. ithaadyamaayaanu "pravda" oru niyamaparamaaya rashtreeya pathramaayi prasidheekarikkappedannu. aarr. ezz. dii. ell. piyude kendrakammitti, thozhilaallikal, maximum gorkey polulla vyakthikal ennivar pathratthinu saambathika sahayam nalki. 5-nuu prasidheekaricha aadya lakkathinu rund kopekkukal chelavaakukayum naalu pejukal undaayirikkukayum cheyyum. saambathika prasnangal, thozhilaalli prasthaanam, panimudakku ennivayekkurichulla lekhanangalum rund thozhilaallivargga kavithakalum athil undaayirunnu. emm.iii. sentinte aadya edittaraayirunnu egorov. peettezhsburg "praavda" yum russian saamraajyathile stettu dumayile amgamaaya nikkolaay polettayevum athinte prasaadhakanaayi sevanamanushtichu.
egorov "pravda" yude yadhaartha edittar aayirunnilla, pakshe eee sthaanam kapada swabhaavamullathaayirunnu. 1914 vare rund varshathinullil 42 edittarmaar egorovine pinthudarnnu. eee edittarmaarude pradhana dauthyam aavasyamullappozhellaam jayilil pookukayum party valia pizhayil ninnu rakshikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu. prasidheekarana vashath, paarlamentari prathirodhasheshi ullathinaal dumayil amgangalaaya vyakthikale maathrame party prasadhakar aayi thiranjedutthirunnulla. thudakkathil 40,000 muthal 60,000 vare koppikal vittazhichirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathode 1914 joolaiyil saarist adhikaarikal pathram adachupootti. adutha moonnu varshathinide police upadravam kaaranam ettu thavana peru maatti.
1917leeii viplavakaalath.
1917leeii februvari viplavathil nicolas randaaman chakravartthiyude sthaanathyaagam "pravda" veendum thurakkaan anuvadichu. puthuthayi punarujjeevippicha "praavda" yude yadhaartha edittarmaaraaya vyacheslavu molotovum alexander slapnikovum liberal russian thaalkkaalika sarkkaarine ethirthu. ennirunnaalum, march 12 nuu leve kamanev, joseph staalin, muun duma deputy maattveyi muranov ennivar cyberian pravaasatthil ninnu madangiyethiyappol, march 15 muthal avar edittoriyal board etteduthu.
kamanevinteyum staalinteyum swaadheenathil, "praavda" thaalkkaalika gavanmentinodu-"prathikaranatthino ethirviplavathino ethire pooraadumbool"-anuranjana swaram sweekarikkukayum menshevikkukalude anthaaraashtra vibhagavumaayi oru ekeekarana sammelanathinu ahvaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. march 14nuu kamanevu thante aadya edittoriyalil ezhuthi
march 15nuu addeham yudhashramathe pinthunachu
soviyatt kaalaghattam.
 
1918 march 3 nuu soviyatt thalasthaanam moscoylake maattiyappol pathratthinte offeesukal moscoylake maatti. "pravda" bharanakakshiyaya soviyatt communist party audyogika prasidheekaranamaayi allengil "oorgan" aayi maari. "audyogika nayangalum naya maattangalum prakhyaapikkunnathinulla maarggamaayi "pravada" maari, 1991 vare angane thanne thudarnnu. 1989 vare sarkkar kambanikalkkum sayudha sevanangalkkum mattu samghadanakalkkum "pravada" yilekkulla subscription nirbandhamaayirunnu.
mattu pathrangal mattu samsthaana sthaapanangalude avayavangalayi nilaninnirunnu. udaaharanathinu, videsha bandhangal ulkkollunna "iswestiya" soviyatt yooniyante paramonnatha soviyattinte avayavamaayirunnu, "trude" sarkkar niyantritha trade union prasthaanatthinte avayavamaayirunnu, "bednota" redu armikkum grameena karshakarkum vitharanam cheythu. pravda" enna perinte vividha padangal niravadhi deseeya pathrangalkkum ("komsomolskaya pravda" ennathu comsomol samghadanayude avayavavum "pionerskaya pravda" ennathu yuva pioneermaarude avayavavumaayirunnu), yuu. ezz. ezz. aarinte pala republicukalileyum pravisyakalileyum praadeshika communist party pathrangalkkum upayogichu.jii. "kazakhstanile kasaakhsthaanskaaya praavda, marmansk oblaasttile poliyaarnaaya praavda, arkhaangelsk oblaasttile praavda severa allengil mosco nagaratthile moskovskaaya praavda.
1917 october viplavathinu thottupinnaale, nikkolaay bukhaarin "pravada" yude edittaraayi. 1917 eprilil russiayilekku madangunnathinumumbu addehathinte kudiyettatthinteyo pravaasatthinteyo avasana maasangalil eee sthaanathekkulla bukhaarinte apprenteeshipp sambhavichirunnu. 1916 november muthal 1917 epril vareyulla eee maasangal amerikkayile newyork nagaratthil bukhaarin chelavazhichu. newyorkkil, bukhaarin thante samayam praadeshika librarikalkkum newyorkkile russian samsaarikkunna samoohathe sevikkunna russian bhasha pathramaya "novij mirr" (puthiya lokam) ennathinaayulla thante pravarthanangalkkum idayil vibhajichu. novij mirr" ennathumaayulla bukhaarinte edapedal kaalakramena kooduthal aazhathilayi. vaasthavathil, 1917 januvari muthal russiayilekku madangiyethunnathuvare bukhaarin "novij mirr" enna pusthakatthinte "yadhaartha" edittaraayi sevanamanushtichu. 1924ll leninte maranashesham bukhaarinte adhikaarathinte adithara roopeekarikkendiyirunna praavda oru maarksist saidhaanthikanenna nilayilulla thante prashasthi shakthippeduthaan addehathe sahayichu. joseph stalinumaayulla tharkkatthinte falamaayi 1929 februvariyil taanum mikhaayel tomsky "praavda" yile avarude utharavaadithangalil ninnu neekkam cheyyappedunnathuvare bukhaarin "praavda" yude edittaraayi thudarnnu.
soviyatt unionile niravadhi sthalangalkkum vasthukkalkkum "pravda" enna peru nalki. avayil gorkey oblaasttile pravdinsk nagravum ("praavda" ykkum mattu deseeya pathrangalkkum dhaaraalam vaarthaakkurippukal nirmmikkunna oru paper millinte vaasasthalam) niravadhi theruvukalum koottaaya krishiyidangalum ulppedunnu.
pradhana communist pathratthinteyum pradhana soviyatt pathratthinteyum perukalaaya "praavda", "iswestiya" enniva yathaakramam "sathyam", "vaartha" enniva ardhamaakkunnathinaal, "praavdayil varthayilla, iswestiyayil sathyamilla" ennathaayirunnu oru janapriya pazhanchollu. vasthunishtavum pakshapaatharahithavumaaya warta srotassaayi valareyadhikam vilamathikkappedunnille, soviyatt pouranmaarum puramlokavum "pravda" yeei oru sarkkar mukhapathramaayi kanakkaakkukayum athinaal vividha vishayangalil soviyatt sarkkaarinte nilapaadukalude vishwasaneeyamaaya prathifalanamaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. praavda" enna lekhanathinte prasidheekaranam soviyatt nayathile maattathinteyo soviyatt neethrthwathile adhikaarasamarathinteyo falamaayi kanakkakkaam, paashchaathya soviyatshaasthranjar pathivayi "praavda" vaayikkukayum ettavum sookshumamaaya vishadaamshangalilum sookshumathakalilum shradha cheluthukayum cheiyumaayirunnu.
soviyatt kaalaghattatthinu sheshamulla kaalam.
soviyatt union pirichuvittathinushesham russian president boris yeltsin 1992ll oru greak bisinesses kudumbamaaya gianicosinu "praavda" vilkkukayum pathram avarude swakaarya kambaniyaaya praavda internaashanalinte niyanthranathilaavukayum cheythu.
1996ll pravada internaashanalinte udamakalum chila "pravada" pathrapravartthakarum thammil aabhyanthara tharkkam undaayi, ithu "pravada" vyathyastha sthaapanangalaayi vibhajikkaan kaaranamaayi. russian federationte communist party "pravda" paper swanthamaakki, athesamayam yadhaartha "pravda" pathrapravartthakaril chilar verpirinj russiayude aadyathe oonlain paper (aadyathe oonlain engleesh paper) "pravda" roopeekarichu.communist partyumaayi bandhamillaattha, ennaal pravarthanarahithamaaya soviyatt pravadayumaayi bandhapetta maadhyamapravarthakaraanu ruu nadathunnathu. athiraalikal thammilulla niyamaparamaaya tharkkathinu sesham, russian kodathi oof aarbitreshan rund sthaapanangaleyum "pravda" enna peru upayogikkunnathu thudaraan anuvadikkumennu vyavastha cheythu. pravda" paper innu nadathunnathu russian federationte communist partyanu, athesamayam oonlain "pravda" aanu.ruu swakaarya udamasthathayilullathaanu koodaathe russian, engleesh, franch, porchugees bhashakalil anthaaraashtra pathippukal prasidheekarikkunnundu.
"soviyatt kaalaghattatthil "pravda" oru dinapathramaayirunnu, ennaal ippol ithu aazhchayil moonnu thavana prasidheekarikkappedunnu, athinte vaayanakkaarude ennam pradhaanamaayum oonlainilaanu. "soviyatt kaalaghattatthil pathrapravartthakar pravadayil pravarthichirunna moscoyile pravada streettile athe aasthaanathu ninnaan pravada ippozhum pravartthikkunnathu. russian stettu dumayile amgamaaya pathrapravartthakanaaya boris komotskyude neethrthwathilaanu ithu pravartthikkunnathu.
2012 meyy 5 nuu communist party samghadippicha trade yooniyanukalude bhavanathil oru mahathaaya aaghoshathode "pravda" athinte nooram vaarshikam adayaalappeduthi. pathratthile muun, ippozhathe jeevanakkar, vaayanakkar, party amgangal, mattu communist maadyama samghadanakalude prathinidhikal ennivar chadangil pankedutthu. jennady syuganov oru prasangam nadathukayum russian president dimithrimedvedavil ninnum belarasian president alexander lukaashenkoyil ninnum abhinandana sandeshangal labikkukayum cheythu.
mccain vivaadam.
2013ll russian president vladymyr pudin syrian president bashar alle asadine pinthunachu newyork timesil oru lekhanam prasidheekarichathinushesha, us senattar joonn mccain russian federationte communist party udamasthathayilulla pathratthe paraamarshichu "pravda" yill oru prathikarana lekhanam prasidheekarikkumennu prakhyaapichu. ennirunnaalum, mccain oduvil thante lekhanam "pravda" yill prasidheekarichu.ruu ". ithu communist "pravada" yude edittar boris komotskyude prathishedhatthinum "pravada" yude edittarude prathikaranatthinum kaaranamaayi.ruu demetry sudakova komotsky avakashappettu, "russiayil oru" praavda "maathrameyulloo, athu communist party avayavamaan, republican senattarude uddeshyangalekkurichu njangal onnum kettitilla", koodaathe "praavda" yeei thallikkalanju.ruu" oru "oklahoma-sitti-pravaada" enna nilayil, sudakov komotsky parihasichappol, "communist party" pravaada "yude pracharanam soviyatt kaalathe avthovaasinte oru factory pathram poleyaanennu avakashappettu. pinneedu mccain thante lekhanam communist "pravda" yilum prasidheekarikkaan shramichuvenkilum "russian federationile communist party rashtreeya nilapadukalumaayi yojikkathathinaal" pathram athu prasidheekarikkaan visammathichu.
edittar inn cheef.
"onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu beuro oof sensarshippinte utharavanusarichu prasidheekaranangal thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivachu". ""
"soviyatt union pirichuvittathinetthudar prasidheekaranangal nirtthivachu" (1991-1993)

