
itaaliyan yudhakkappal emyoole philiberto

1890kalil itaaliyan naavikasenaykkaayi nirmmicha pree-dreadnote yudhakkappalaaya emyoole philiberto aayirunnu. 1893 octoberil avarude keel sthaapikkukayum 1897 septambaril avar samarambhikkukayum cheythu; 1902 eprilil punny poortthiyaayi. avarkk oru sahodara kappal undaayirunnu, athu kappalinte pradhana kappalaayirunnu. naalu thokkukalude pradhana baattari upayogichu avalkk aayudhamundaayirunnu, koodaathe athil kooduthal vegatha kaivarikkaan avalkk kazhiyumaayirunnu.
"emyoole philiberto" thante kariyarinte aadya niravadhi varshangalil itaaliyan naavikasenayude sajeeva schwadronil sevanamanushtichu. itaaliyan-turkish yudhathil moonnaam divishanilekku avale niyamichu. yudhasamayathu, vadakke aafrikkayile trypoliykkum kizhakkan medittareniyan kadalile roads dveepin nereyundaaya akramanangalil avar ulppettirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudham moolam praayapoorthiyaakaatha aval 1914-1915 ll vibhajikkappedumennu nischayichirunnuvenkilum yudhakkappalukalude aavasyakatha "emyoole philiberto" kku oru aashvaasam nalki. venesile oru thuramukha prathirodha kappalayi avar yuddham chelavazhichu. 1920 juunil naavika rajisttaril ninnu avalkk parikkelkkukayum pinneedu avale polikkaan vendi verpeduthukayum cheythu.
design.
"emyoole philiberto" mothatthil valare dairkhyameriyathum oru beam, paramavadhi draaft ennivayullathumaayirunnu. aval saadhaarana nilayilum poornna bhaarathilum sthaanabhrashtayaayi. kappalin oru vipareeta villum jalarekhaykku thaazhe oru aattukottanum undaayirunnu. avalkk orotta kanatha sainika maast gadippichirunnu, athil chila laitt thokkukalkku faitting toppukal sajjeekarichirunnu. "emyoole philiberto" yill 565 udyogastharum pattikappedutthiya aalukalum undaayirunnu.
avalude propulsion sisttathil rund triple expansion enchinukal ulppedunnu, oru jodi scru propellerukal oodikkunnu. kalkari upayogichu pravartthikkunna panthrand silindar fayar-tube boyilarukal enchinukalkku neeravi nalki, avaa maasttinte iruvashathumulla oru jodi fanalukaliloode vent cheythu. kappalinte propulsion sisttam ettavum uyarnna vegatha nalkunnathinaanu rettucheythath. avalkk ekadesham kooduthal saambathikamaaya cruising vegathayil oru shreni undaayirunnu.
nirmmichathupole, kappalil naalu 40 caliber thokkukalude pradhana baattari undaayirunnu, rund eratta thokku gopurangalil sthaapichu, onnu munnilum onnu pinnilum. kappalil ettu 40-kalori sheshiyulla dvitheeya baattariyum sajjeekarichirunnu. vyakthigatha kesukalile thokkukal souhrudangal srishtikkunnu. avalkk aarr 40 kalori adangiyirunnu. sheeled pivattile thokkukal kesmettu baattariyude nere mukalilekku gadippikkunnu. kappalinte thokku aayudangal ettu thokkukalaal vrithiyaakki, ithu torpido bottukalkkethire aduthunilkkunna prathirodham nalki. "deck-moundu cheytha loncharukalil naalu torpido tubeukalum "emyoole philiberto" vahichirunnu.
harway steel upayogichaanu kappal samrakshikkappettath. pradhana beltt kattiyullathum deck kattiyullathumaayirunnu. 249 millimeter kavacham pooshiyathaanu coning gopuratthe samrakshichathu. pradhana baattari thokkukalkku 249 millimeter kattiyulla plating kaasmettukalkk kattiyumundaayirunnu.
sevanam.
"oosttayile rajakumaaranaaya emyoole philiberto perilaanu "emyoole philiberto" enna peru nalkiyirikkunnath. (kaastellammare dii stebiyayile rajakeeya kappalsala), naples aanu avaa nirmmichathu. 1893 october 5 nuu avar sthaapikkappedukayum 1897 septambar 29 nuu vikshepikkappedukayum cheythu. 1900 septambaril kappal neppilukalil ninnu kadal pareekshanangal aarambhichu; pareekshanangalil, "emyoole philiberto" rund manikkoor dairkhyamulla vegatha nilanirtthi. 1901 septambar 6 nuu kammeeshan cheythenkilum 1902 epril 16 vare kappalinte anthima pravartthanangal poorthiyaayittilla.
kappal thante kariyarinte aadya niravadhi varshangal onnaam schwadronilaanu chelavazhichathu, avalude sahodariyaaya moonnu, rund ennivarodoppam. emyoole philiberto", avarude sahodari moonnu "ree umberto" kalum rund "1960-kalum" ulla pradhana itaaliyan kappalppadayil undaayirunnu; avarude saadhaarana samadhaanakaala pariseelana dinacharyayil, pradhana kappalukalude kappalukal varshathil ezhu maasathekku vyaayaamathinaayi commissionil sookshichu. sheshikkunna anchu maasathekku, kuranja jeevanakkarulla bhagika thayyaareduppilaanu avare paarppichathu. 1906 octoberil ionian kadalil vais admiral alphonso dii broshettiyude neethrthwathil kappal pradhana kappal neekkangalil pankedutthu. october 10 muthal 26 vare eee abhyasangal neenduninnu. eee thanthrangal taraantoyile thuramukha prathirodhatthil itaaliyan kappalppadayude oru vyaja aakramanathil kalaashichu. 1908 leeii thanthrangalil, "emyoole philiberto" sauhruda schwadronil sevanamanushtichu, athesamayam "amiraglio dii seyint boonn" shatru schwadronil niyamikkapettu.
itali-turkey yuddham.
1911 septambar 29nuu libia pidichedukkunnathinaayi itali automan saamraajyathinethire yuddham prakhyaapichu. "emyoole philiberto" moonnaam divisionil sevanamanushtichu, athil avar septambar 30 nuu chernnu. amiraglio dii seyint boonn", rund "rejeena margeritta" klaas yudhakkappalukal ennivaykkoppam avar sevanamanushtichu. october 3 nuu tripoli prathirodhikkunna kottakalude bombaakramanatthil kappal pankedutthu. rund divasathinu sesham itaaliyan sainikar karayilethukayum pathinonnam theeyathi avar nagaram pidichedukkukayum cheythu. desemberil avar italiyil nilayurappichu.
1912 epril 13 nuu, "emyoole philiberto" yum moonnaam divishante backie bhaagangalum onnaam divisionumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathunnathinaayi tobrakkil ninnu ejiyan kadalilekku kappal kayari. epril 17 nuu staambaaliya dveepil iruvibhaagangalum koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum athinusesham samyuktha kappalppada vadakkott kuthikkukayum cheythu. pittennu, kappalukal imbrose, tenedos, lemmanos, salonica, dardenellus ennivaykkidayilulla antarvaahini telegraph kebilukal murichu. kappalppadayil bhooribhaagavum dardenellukale samrakshikkunna kottakalil bombittu; athinidayil, "emyoole philiberto" yum torpido boat samos dveepile vaadi thuramukhathekku kuthikkukayum avideyulla ottomaan sainika baarakkukal bombittu. "austro" pinneedu thuramukhathu oru automan ganbot torpido cheythu, athinusesham itaaliyan kappalukal pooyi. epril 19 nuu, "emyoole philiberto" yum kappalppadayude bhooribhaagavum italiyilekku madangi, "pisa", "amalfi", torpido bottukalude oru kappal enniva maathram avasheshichu.
epril 30 nuu, "emyoole philiberto" yum backie moonnaam division tobrakkil ninnu roads dveepilekku sainikavaahanangalude oru vaahanavyoohathe samrakshichu. itaaliyan kanatha kappalukal roads nagaratthil pradharshippichappol gathagatham meyy 4 nuu paryaveshana senaye thekkott athichu; itaaliyan kappalppadayil ninnulla peeranki vedivayppinte pinthunayode sainikar nagaratthilekku vegathil munneri. pittennu thurkkikal nagaram keezhadakki. meyy avasaanathode moonnaam division italiyilekku madangi. joolaiyil, "emyoole philiberto" yum backie division mattu attakuttappanikalkkoppa pazhakiya thokku baaralukal maattisthaapikkunnathina italiyilekku pinwangi. oktobarode yuddham avasaanippikkunnathinaayi oru samadhana udambadiyil oppuvaykkaan automans sammathichirunnu.
onnaam lokamahaayudham.
1914 augustil onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathinum itali nishpakshatha prakhyaapichu, ennaal 1915 joolaiyode, triple enttent "itaaliya itredenta" yill pradesham ettedukkumennu vaagdaanam cheythukondu kendra shakthikalkkethiraaya yudhathil praveshikkaan itaaliyakkaare bodhyappedutthi. pathittaandukalaayi italiyude praadhamika athiraaliyaayirunna austro-hungarian naavikasenayayirunnu samgharshathil pradhana ethiraali. idungiya adriatic kadalinu kuruke nerittu aastro-hungarian yudhakkappal athinte thuramukhangalil kidannu. adriatic samudrathile idungiya vellathil austro-hangarian antharvaahinikalkkum minaleyarukalkkum valare phalapradamaayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyumennu itaaliyan navikasena medhavi admiral pavlo thaavon dii rival vishwasichu. eee underwater aayudangalil ninnulla bheeshani addehathinte thalasthaana kappalukalkk sajeevamaayi kappalpadaye upayogikkaan kazhiyaathathra gurutharamaayirunnu. pakaram, rival yudhakkappalukalkkoppam adriyaattikkinte thaarathamyena surakshithamaaya thekke attathu oru uparodham nadappakkaan theerumaanichu, athesamayam maas bottukal polulla cheria kappalukal austro-hangarian kappalukalilum instaaleshanukalilum reydukal nadatthi. athesamayam, nirnnayakamaaya edapedal aavashyappedunna saahacharyathil austro-hangarian yudhakkappalukale neridaan rivalinte yudhakkappalukal samrakshikkappedum. thalphalamaayi, "emyoole philiberto" yum bakkiyulla itaaliyan yudhakkappalukalum yudhasamayathu kaaryamaaya nadapadi kandilla.
itali yudhathil praveshichukazhinjaal, austriyan naavika aakramanathil ninnu thuramukhathe samrakshikkunnathinaayi venesile oru thuramukha prathirodha kappalayi "emyoole philiberto" upayogichu. eee dauthyathil avalude sahodariyum pazhaya irumbu pothinjavanum rund cruiserukalum niravadhi cheria karakaushala vasthukkalum avale sahayichu. 1918-ll yuddham avasaanichathinusesham kurachu samayathekku maathrame kappal itaaliyan naavikasenayude pattikayil avasheshichulloo, 1920 march 29-nuu naavika rajisttaril ninnu aval thakarkkappedukayum pinneedu polikkaan thakarkkappedukayum cheythu.

