
ville radius

1930-ll franch-swis aarkkitekt leeii corbusier roopakalppana cheytha yaadhaarthyamaakaatha oru nagara roopakalppana padhathiyaanu ville radius (;). ithu europian aadhunikathayude ettavum swaadheenamullathum vivaadaparavumaaya nagara roopakalppana sidhaanthangalilonnaanu. 
1920kalil graamatthinte samakalikanaaya liie corbusier anuyojyamaaya nagarathekkurichulla thante ashayangal prakadippichirunnuvel anthaaraashtra aasoothrakarumaayulla sanbarkkathinidayil addeham "ville radiusinte" pravartthanam aarambhichu. 1930-ll addeham syndicalist prasthaanatthil sajeeva amgamaavukayum saamoohika parishkaranatthinte rooparekhayaayi "ville radius" nirddeshikkukayum cheythu.
ville radiusinte" thathwangal 1933ll prasidheekaricha addehathinte pilkkala prasidheekaranamaaya ethans charteril ulppeduthi.
addehathinte uttopiyan aadarsham 1930kalilum 1940kalilum niravadhi nagara padhathikalude adisthaanam roopeekarichu, 1952 ll marseyile aadyathe yoonit dii 'haabitteshante roopakalppanayilum nirmmaanatthilum ithu kalaashichu.
oru aadarshathinte vikasanam.
1920 kalude avasaanathil leeii corbusierinu vankida bisinassukalilulla aathmavishwaasam nashtappettu, ville samakalikanum plan voysinum (1925) prathinidheekarikkunna uttopiyayekurichulla thante swapnangal saakshaathkarichu. arturo sorea vaii maathayude (milyuttin upayogichirunna) rekheeya nagara ashayangalum syndicalist prasthaanatthinte sidhaanthangalum (addeham aduthide chernna) swaadheenichu addeham anuyojyamaaya nagaramaya "ville radius" enna puthiya kaazhchappaad roopappeduthi. chittayaya anthareekshathil manushyane veendum onnippikkanulla oru uttopiyan swapnathe ithu prathinidheekarikkunnu. ville samakaalikarude radial roopakalppanayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, "ville radius" thala, nattellu, kaikal, kaalukal ennivayulla manushyashareeratthinte amoortha aakruthiye adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru rekheeya nagaramaayirunnu. addehathinte munkaala kruthikalil nirddeshichittulla uyarnna kettida blokkukal, swathanthramaaya vitharanam, samriddhamaaya harita edangal ennivayude ashayam eee roopakalppana nilanirtthi. veedukalude blokkukal akathekkum puratthekkum neenda nirakalaayi sthaapichu. swis pavaliyan pole avaa thekk vashath thilakkamullathum pailattisilaan valarthappettath. avarude melkkoorayil melkkoora oodunna traakkukalum undaayirunnu.
ville radius" russiayile corbusierinte pravarthanangalekkurichum paraamarshichu. 1930ll moscoyile oru malsarathekkurichu abhipraayappettukondu addeham 59 pejulla "moscoic marupadi" ezhuthi. nagaratthinte aasoothranathinaayi oru badal nagara maathruka nirvachikkunna droingukal reportil adangiyirikkunnu. 1930ll brasselsil nadanna moonnaamathe siam meettingil addeham thante aashayangalude aadya praathinidhyam pradharshippichu (ennirunnaalum addeham mosco nirddeshangal pinvalichu). koodaathe ferm radius (radiant phaam), villej radiaux (radiant villej) ennivaykkaayi addeham nirddeshangal vikasippichu.
ashayam pracharippikkuka.
muppathukaliludaneelam leeii corbusier thante puthiya, anuyojyamaaya nagaratthinte sandesham pracharippichu. ethansilekku pookunna ezz. ezz. paatrisinekkurichulla naalaamathe siam meettingile charchakal corbusierude pusthakamaaya dhii radiant sittiyil (1933 ll prasidheekarichathu) ulppeduthi. ithu ethans chaarttarine swaadheenichu.
1931num 1940num idayil corbusier aljiyarukalkkaayi niravadhi nagaraasoothrana nirddeshangal etteduthu. aaa kaalaghattatthil franch vadakke aafrikkayude bharana thalasthaanamaayirunnu aljiyezhs. nagaratthinaayulla nirddeshangal samarppikkaan addehathe audyogikamaayi kshanichirunnillenkum mayerk thaalpparyamundennu ariyaamaayirunnathinaal addeham thante bhagyam pareekshichu. vardhichuvarunna janasamkhyayude rekheeya valarcha anuvadikkumbol nilavilulla kasaba ulppeduthendathaayirunnu padhathi. thathfalamaayundaaya obas plan valare prathyekamaaya oru samskaarathinum bhooprakrithikkum anuyojyamaaya "ville radius"-leeii oru vyathiyaanamayirunnu. athil naalu pradhana gadakangal ulppedunnu rund slab blokkukalilaayi vellathinaduthulla oru bharana pradesham, nagarathinu mukalilulla charivukalil madhyavargakkaarkkayi convex, konkevu appaartment blokkukal, kasabaykk mukalil vadakku-thekk akshatthil uyarnna roadway, theerathu ninnu mukalilekku oru rooad thirinjukondu oru valanja vayadakt.
1933-ll vadakke aafrikkayile nemozhsil addeham parvathangalude pashchaathalatthil vadakku-thekk dishayilulla pathinettu yoonit appaartment blokkukal nirddeshichu.
1935-leeii american aikyanaadukalilekkulla yaathrayil, maanhattanile ambarachumbikal valare cheruthum parasparam valare aduthullathumaanennu corbusier vimarshichu. nilavilulla ellah kettidangalkkum pakaram leaving, working unitukal sajjeekarichirikkunna oru valia cartician ambarachumbiyaayi maattisthaapikkaan addeham nirddeshichu. ithu kooduthal parklandinu vazhiyorukkukayum angane "ville radiusinte" aadarshangalumaayi poruthappedukayum cheiyumaayirunnu.
1940kalude avasaanathil polum addeham musoliniyeyum vichi sarkkarineyum thante anuyojyamaaya nagara padhathikal sweekarikkaan kodathikku vidheyanaakkaan sramikkukayaayirunnu. 1949ll addeham vikasippichedutha indiayile chandeegadinte roopakalppanakalaayirunnu thante padhathikal saakshaathkarikkaanulla corbusierinte ettavum mikacha avasaram.
1945 muthal 1952 vare addeham marsailile yoonit dii 'haabitteshante roopakalppanayum nirmmanavum etteduthu. nemar, aljiyar ennivayil addeham vikasippichedutha "ville radius" enna ashayangal yoonit ulkkollunnu.
braziliayude leauttu roopakalppana cheyyumbol, aarkkidekttukalaaya lucio koosta, ooskaar neemeyar ennivare ville radiusinte padhathikal swaadheenichu.
vimarsanam.
jaims howard kanstlareppolulla puthiya nagaravaasikal "ville radius" enna ashayathe athinte manushya vyaapthiyudeyum chuttupadukalumaayulla bandhatthinteyum abhaavathinu vimarshikkunnu. luis mumfordinte vaakyathil, "oru parking sthalathulla kettidangal" ennaanu ithu."" oru suuppar blockil pongikkidakkunna uyarnna kettidangalkkidayilulla idam pothujanangal ozhivakkiya thalkshana tharisubhoomiyaayi maari."
newyorkkile albaniyile stettu oafees kettidangalude samuchayamaya "empire stettu plasa" eee ashayam paalikkunnathinekkurich vimarshikkappettittundu. dhii making oof empire stettu plasa" yill udharicha vasthuvidyaa vimarshakan martin filler parayunnu.