
ahamed biinn yaahya

1948 muthal 1962 vare bharicha yemanile muthavakkilaitt raajyathile avasaanathe rajaavaayirunnu ahamed biinn yaahya hameedaddin (; juun 18,1891-septambar 19,1962). addehathinte muzhuvan perum padaviyum echu aayirunnu.emm. imam vishwaasikalude senadhipathiyum yemante muthavakkilaitt raajyathile rajaavumaaya alle-nasser-lii-dinullah ahamed biinn alle-muthavakkil allah yaahya.
ahammadinte krooravum ekapaksheeyavum asthiravumaaya bharanam addehathe attimari sramathinum idaykkide vadhasramangalkkum vidheyanaakkukayum oduvil maranashesham udan thanne raajyathinte pathanatthilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte sathrukkal abhiniveshamulla kudumbamgangal muthal munnottulla paan-arabistukalum republicanmaarum vare aayirunnu, avaril ninnu addehathinu "ahamed dhii devill" enna peru nalkappettu."thante prajakalkkidayil, prathyekichu" "valia thalappavu" "enna peru addehathinu undaayirunna vadakkan gothrakkarkkidayil addeham athishayakaramaamvidham janapriyanaayi thudarnnu". niravadhi vadhasramangalil ninnu cheruthaayi rakshappedaanulla sradheyamaaya kazhivinte peril addeham "alle-jiinn" ennariyappettu.
thante pithaavineppole, ahamed valare yaadhaasthithikanaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum soviyatt union, communist chaina, republic oof eejipt ennivayumaayi sakhyamundaakki, avayellaam raajyathin saambathikavum sainikavumaaya sahayam nalki. eee sakhyangal pradhaanamaayum nayikkappettath britteeshukaare thekkan yemanil ninnu puratthaakkaanum "grettar yeman" nte bhaagamaayi eadan samrakshitha pradesham veendedukkaanumulla addehathinte aagrahamaan. oduvil addeham eejiptinum soviyatt union ethire thirinju, iruvarum addehathinte maranashesham addehathinte makan pingamic ethire oru republican attimari pinthunachu.
jeevacharitram.
yuvathvavum swabhaavavum.
alle-khaasimi raajavamshathile hameed alle-dhiin shaakhayile yaahya mohammed hameed edhu-dinte mootha makanaayirunnu ahamed biinn yaahya. 1904 muthal pithaavinte pingamiyaayi vadakkan yemanile gothrangal pinthudarunna shiah islaaminte saidi vibhaagathinte imaamaayirunnu yaahya. 1918ll raajyathinte mail automan bharanam thakarnnathinethudarnnu yaahya yeman rajaavu enna padavi etteduthirunnu.
ahammadinte cheruppam muthal thanne addeham athisayakaramaaya krooramaaya roopathinu shradheyanaayirunnu. addeham cheruthum pokkamullavanum pradhanamaayi veertha annukalullavanumaayirunnu, ithu addeham prerippichathaayi chilar avakashappettu. cheruppam muthal kavithakal ezhuthiyengilum spodanaathmakamaaya swabhaavathinu addeham ariyappettirunnu. thaan niyama vidyaarthiyaayirunnapol, oru divasam imaamaayi thanne pinthunaykkumennu prathijnjayedukkaan addeham saha vidyaarthikale kathikkuthukondu nerittathayi kathakal pracharichu.
yaadrishchikamaayi, muun imaamaaya pithaavinte athe janmadinamaanu addeham pankittathu.
onnaam lokamahaayudham.
1916 desemberil, onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, muun maasam britiish sakhyakakshiyaya idrisid emirate oof aseeril ninnu sahayam thediya sesham ahamed thante pithaavinethire sainika kalapam aarambhichu. mccuik nere vediyuthirkkukayum "pandithanmaare" kollukayum caback nere vediyuthirkkukayum cheythuvennu aaropikkappedunna bharanathilirunna automan janathaykkethireyaan (addehathinte pithaav addehavumaayi sakhyathilundaayirunna) kaaranam. hasheed, bakkeel, hamdan, bunny harit, bunny maathar gothrakkar ennivar addehathe pinthunachu. bunny maathar raajyathaan addehathinte kalapam aarambhichath. desember 23 aayappozhekkum ahamed sanaye uparodhikkukayaayirunnu. 1917 march 28 aayappozhekkum ahamed pithaavin keezhadangi.
aadyakaala currier 1948leeii attimariyum.
1920kalilum 1930kalilum, thanthram, nayathanthram, gothrayuddham, goodaalochana ennivayiloode thante raajyam onnippikkaan ahamed pithaavine sahayichu. 1918 muthal 1948 vare ahamed teysinte govarnoraayi niyamithanaayi. 1927-ll addehathe "vaali ahad" ennu namakaranam cheythu, phalatthil kireedavakashi.
thante pithaavilnin, puthiya bharanareethikalodulla aazhathilulla avishwaasavum madhyakala bharanareethikalile eathoru maattathodumulla aazhathilulla veruppum ahamed padichu. govarnaraayirikke addeham parishkaranavaadikalekkondu svayam valanju. vibhaagangale thannodu aduthu nirthaan addeham ellaayppozhum shramichuvenkilum addehathinte asthiramaaya manobhaavam palappozhum addehathe vanchichu. 1944ll thaaysile thante kodathiyilvechu addeham ingane ucharikkunnathu kelkkapettu "eee aadhunikavaadikalude raktham kondu ente vaalinu niram nalkunnathinumumbu njaan marikkaruthenn daivathodu praarthikkunnu."eee prakopanam ahamed mohammed numan, mohammed alle subairi, mattu bhaavi" "liberalukal" "(yemeni swathanthrarum mithavaadikalum parishkartthaakkalum enna yamen ardhathil) ennivare rajasabhayil ninnu purathupoyi eadan nagaratthilekku palayanam cheyyaan kaaranamaayi". avide avar swatantra yemeni prasthaanam sthaapichu.
ennirunnaalum, addehathinte ekapaksheeyavum kramarahithavumaaya perumaattam taisile addehathinte janapreeti kurachilla. govarnaraayirikke addeham shafee 'iii purohithanmaarude prathishedhamillaathe ibnu alvaante shavakudeeram thakarthu. ennirunnaalum addeham oru saidhaanthikanaaya saidi aayirunnilla. 1952ll addeham kuprasidhamaaya hajja nilavarayile saidikalil thadavilakkappettu, avar aaliyude munbil moonnu khaleefamaare prashamsicha oru prabhaashanathinu aii. bii. bii. yill oru purohithane aakramichu. addehathinte sainikar saidiyum tays shaafiyudeyum janasamkhyayaayirunnuvenkilum, oru britiish nireekshakan kandethi, "imaaminte vyakthiyodallengilum yemanukalodu eathaandu saarvathrika vishwasthathayundu..."
1948 februvariyil, addehathinte moonnu aanmakkalum mukhya upadeshtaavum oru attimariyil kollappettu, athil mathanethaavu abdullah biinn ahamed alle vaseerine imaamaayi prakhyaapichu. yahyayude makan (ahammadinte sahodaran) ibrahim biinn yahya bharanaghadanaa gavanmentinte thalavanayi niyamichu."oru varshamaayi ibrahim thante pithaavinethire thuranna kalapathilaayirunnu, 1946 ll eadan samrakshitha pradeshathu" "free yemenaits" "enna oru groupil chernnu. oresamayam thaayissil ahmedine vadikkaanulla padhathi paraajayappedukayum vishwastha gothrangal thante sainyathe vitharanam cheytha hajjayilekk munnerukayum cheythu".
sanaayilaan abdullah sthaapithamaayathu. yahyayude moonnaamathe makan, thekkan pravisyayaaya ibbinte govarnorumaaya hassan hameed alle-dhiin, ennaal vadakkan gothrangalkk priyapettavanum, aaa sainyathe thante sahodaran ahammadinte lakshyathilekku aninirathi, sanayil praveshikkukayum hraswakaala viplava sarkkaarine avasanippikkukayum cheythu. pradhaanamantri, saanaa govarnor ennee padavikal ahamed addehathinu nalki aadarichu. vadakkan gothrangaludeyum thaaysile ahammadinte shafi 'aii shakthikendrathinteyum pinthunayode, goodaalochanakkaare naalazhchaykkullil valanju. mikkavarudeyum thalayum murichumaattappettu. puthiya imam ahamed, ool-nasser lii-dhiin allah ("daivamathathinte samrakshakan") thayissil ninnu bharikkum, athesamayam sanaye kollakkaarkk kaimari. affiliate cheyyaatha liberalukalum valayil adichu. muppatholam pere shirachhedam cheyyukayum baakkiyullavare nilavarakalil paarppikkukayum cheythu. mikkavarum rund varshathinullil mochitharaayi, palappozhum imaaminte thudarnnulla prashamsaapathrangal ezhuthiya sesham, ennaal mattullavar kooduthal kaalam jayilil kidannu.
imamenna nilayil addehathinte bharanam.
ahmed rajaavu thante pithaavinekkaal videsha sanbarkkathinu kooduthal thuranna manassullavanaayirunnuve mattu rajyangalumaayi swathanthramaayi laingikabandham nadatthaan addeham orikkalum anuvadichilla. addehathinte bharanam svechaadhipathyaparavum yaadhaasthithikavumaayirunnu; addeham orikkalum nirddeshangalkku vazhangiyitilla. kaalitheetta labhikkaan oru sarkkar truck polum tysilo kovarkazhuthakalilo kondupokaan, ethra cherutho nissaaramo aanenkilum, ellah vishadaamshangalum imaaminte amgeekaaram nedendathundennu parayappettirunnu. eadan govarnor report cheythu, "ellaam raajaavinte thalayil thoongikkidakkunnu. ennittum avante avastha dayaneeyamaanu, kaaranam avanu suhruthukkal illennu avanariam."
puramlokatthinu, imam phalatthil anjjaathanaayirunnu, vichitramaaya perumaattathinu maathram sradhikkappettu. 1950ll adhehavum makan mohammed alle badar sanaayile eaka ashupathriyil nazhsumaraaya rund sahodarimaare vivaham kazhichathaayi oru vayar sarvees reportil rekhappeduthiyittundu. oru marakamaaya apakadathetthudarnnu pithaav vimanangal nirodhichirunnuvenkilum, ahamed avayil aakrishtanaayi, simhasana etteduthappol rund dissy-3 vimaanangalum 1951ll mattonn vaangi. ennirunnaalum, ellah vimaanangalum imaaminte swakaarya niyanthranathilaayirunnu. addehathinte asthiramaaya utharavukale sweedish naavikar bhayapettu. orikkal addehathinte kottaramaayirunna myoosiyathil (ippol pothujanangalkkayi thurannitilla) addehathinte "noorukanakkinu samana kuppikalaaya yuu dii koloon, pazhaya sugandhavyanjanagal, kristhyan deor, oru electronic kidakka, oru kuttiyude keey. ell. emm handbagh, projectorukal, philimukal, thokkukal, vedikkoppukal, vaalukal ennivayude vichitramaaya shekharam adangiyirikkunnu... pasportukal, vyakthigatha swis vaachukal, rakthakarayulla vasthrangal."
addehathinte maanasikaavasthayile maattangalum pravachanatheethamaaya perumattavum niravadhi srothassukal undaayirunnu. avaril pradhaanappettath mayakkumarunnukalude mishrithathodulla aasakthiyayirunnu, pradhaanamaayum morphin, ithu addeham vittumaaraatha vaatharogathinaayi eduthu. pettennulla maranatheyum daivika prathikaaratheyum bhayannaan addeham jeevichathu. addeham amaanushikathayilulla vishwaasangalkku vidheyanaayirunnu, jyothishikalumaayi koodiyaalochichu, palappozhum "nigooda prathisandhikalkk" keezhadangukayum aazhchakalolam upavaasam thudarukayum lokathil ninnu svayam murichumaattukayum cheyyum.
imam enna nilayil (sarkkaarinekkurichulla addehathinte pinthirippan nilapad ozhike) addehathinte oru palikkunna naya guide britteeshukaare eadanil ninnu puratthaakkukayum pithaav kandathupole "grettar yeman" enna raajyathin samrakshanam veendedukkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu. thante pithaavine kolappeduthiya goodaalochanaykku pinnil brittanaanennum ahamed vishwasichu. vadakku ninnu vanna budhijeevikaludeyum republican chaayvulla desheeyavaadikaludeyum oru koottamaaya swatantra yeman prasthaanatthinte kendram koodiyaayirunnu eadan. vaachaadopangal athirthi ettumuttalukalilekku maarukayum 1955 march 26 nuu thekkan yemanil nadanna "krooramaaya aakramanathil" niravadhi yemanikale vadhichathayi ahamed brittanethire aaropikkukayum cheythu. yeman ippozhum avakaashappedunna britiish samrakshanathin keezhil pradesham ekeekarikkunnathinaayi 18 cheria shake raajyangalum sulthaanettukalum samrakshithapradeshathinulla federal cheyyaanulla britiish padhathiyil ahamed kooduthal aashankaakulanaayi.
britiish eadanumaayulla pirimurukkangal ahamed soudi arebyayodulla vidvesham marikadakkaan kaaranamaayi, athu adhehathinum pithaavil ninnu labhichu. eejipt, syria, soudi arebia ennivayumaayi oru sainika karaaril earppeduka enna lakshyathode 1955 ll yeman charchakal aarambhichu. videsha thozhilaallikalkk athinte vikasichukondirikkunna enna vyavasaayathe sevikkenda soudi aavashyavumaayi bandhapetta bandham choodupidichathode 1955 ll soudi sarkkar yemenikalkku varkk permitt illaathe praveshikkaan theerumaanichu.
1955 march 3 nuu eejipt syria oru puthiya arab sainika sakhyathinaayi avarude karaaril oppuvachu. sameepakaala iraakh-turkey udambadiyude (paakistaanum grettu brittan chernnathode baghdad udambadi ennariyappedum) padinjaaran anukoola chaayvine prathirodhikkaan oru paan-arab leag samghadippikkuka ennathaayirunnu eejipthinte thalpparyam. moonnu divasathinu sesham athath thalasthaanangalil ninnu eejipt, syria, soudi arebia ennivar "arab ghadanaye raashtreeyamaayum sainikamaayum saambathikamaayum shakthippeduthunnathinu karar" prakhyaapichu oru samyuktha utharavu purappeduvichu."arab leagile bakkiyulla naalu amgangale (lebanon, jordan, libia, yeman) eejipt aagrahichuvenkilum padinjaaran arab lokathum vaanijya thaalpparyangalulla lebanon asthiramaavukayum jordane avarude prathirodhatthil britiish pankaalitthatthinte nibandhanakalaal ayogyanaakkukayum cheythu. march avasaanathode eejipshyan nayatantra vrithangal, thurkkiyudeyum iraakhinteyum nayatantra sammarddathethudarnnu, samyuktha prathirodhatthinulla padhathikalil munnott pookaan syria visammathikkukayaanennum karar oppittavare eathenkilum prathirodha udambadiyil praveshikkunnathil ninnu vilakkunnath thudarukayaanenkil pinmaran theerumaanikkumennum sammathichu. 1955 march 26nuu keyroyilvechu pradhaanamantri hassan yeman eejipt-syria-soudi udambadiyil cherumennum karar avasaanippikkunnathinaayi keyroyil nadakkunna shedule cheyyaatha pradhaanamanthriyude sammelanathil pankedukkumennum prakhyaapichappol eejipthin mukham rakshikkaan kazhinju.
1955ll oru koottam udyogastharum ahammadinte rund sahodaranmaarum nadatthiya attimari thakarkkapettu. 1956 eprilil ahamed biinn yaahya eejipthumaayi oru ekeekritha sainika command ulppedunna paraspara prathirodha karaaril oppuvachu.
yemanile joothanmaarumaayulla raajaavinte bandham.
1948-leeii arab-israel samgharshathinte uchathil imam ahamed thante jootha prajakale palastheenilekk kudiyeraan anuvadichu. 1949 meyy maasathil, imam ahamed yemane vidaan aagrahikkunna eathoru juthan moonnu vyavasthakalil angane cheyyaan anuvadikkumennu prakhyaapichu onnamathaayi, "jisya" ennariyappedunna votteduppu nikuthi, thante swath vilkkuka, addeham oru vidagdha karakaushala vidagthanaanenkil, praadeshika yemeni arab pouranmaare thante thozhil padippikkuka. mathaparavum raashtreeyavumaaya prathyaaghaathangalude kaaryatthil imaaminte theerumaanam athbhuthappeduthi. thangalude swath wilkan kazhiyillennu imaminode parathippetta juthanmaarkku avarude swath engane vitharanam cheyyaamennum avarude yaatra engane sugamamakkaamennum upadesham nalkiyathaayi reportund.
addehathinte prakhyapanam 1949 juun muthal 1950 septambar vare nadanna 'kazhukanmaarude chirakukalil' kudiyettam ennu vilikkappedunna joothanmaarude oru koottam palayanam prerippichu. eee samayat 1948 desemberil kudiyeriyavar ulppede 50,000 yemeni juthanmaar israelilekku thamasam maari.
maranavum udanadi prathyaaghaathangalum.
1962 septambar 19nuu ahamed urakkathil marichu. ahamed biinn yahyayude mootha makanaaya mohammed alle-badarine imam rajaavumaayi prakhyapikkukayum alle-mansoor enna padavi sweekarikkukayum cheythuvenkilum oraazhchaykk sesham vimathar sanaayile birr alle-asab jillayile addehathinte vasathiyaya dhaar alle-bashare akramikkukayum oru republic sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 1962ll oru koottam deseeya udyogastharude neethrthwathilulla attimari alle-badarine sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayum abdullah alle-sallaalinte neethrthwathil yeman arab republic (yaar) prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.