
francis dashwood, 11-aamath baaran leeii despensor

francis dashwood, 11-aamath baaran leeii despensor, pisi, efrs (desember 1708-11 desember 1781) oru engleesh raashtreeyakkaaranum rekkum, khajanaavinte chansalar (1762-1763) helfire klabbinte sthaapakanum aayirunnu.
jeevithavum thozhilum.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1708 desemberil landanile grettu marlbero streetilaanu dashwood janichathu. onnaam baaranat (maranam 1724) sarr francis dashwoodinteyum (maranam 1724) randaam bhaarya meriyudeyum eaka makanaayirunnu addeham. engleeshukaarante praarthanayude pusthakam edittu cheyyaan sahayikkunna mathatthile oru protestantaayirunnu dashwood.
fraansisinum merikkum rund makkalundaayirunnu oru makan francis oru makal rashel. sarr fraansisinu thante aadya vivaahathil ninnu rund penmakkalum moonnaamathe vivaahathil ninnu rund penmakkalum rund aanmakkalum undaayirunnu. athinaal francis dashwoodin oru sahodari rashel aarr ardhasahodaranmaarum undaayirunnu.
dashwood eettan kolejilaanu vidyaabhyaasam nediyathu, avide addeham vilyam pitt dhii eldarumaayi bandhappettirunnu. 1724 november 4nuu pithaavinte maranashesham pathinanju vayassulla dashwoodin pithaavinte estettukalum vestt vaikombile dashwoodinte baronetisiyum paarambaryamaayi labhichu.
valia toorukal.
dashwood thante youvanavum aadyakaala praayapoorthiyum videshathu chelavazhichu, europe muzhuvan sanjarikkumbol kuprasiddhi nedi. russiayil aayirikkumbol addeham chaals pathinaraman enna almaratom nadathukayum saareena anne vasheekarikkan sramikkukayum pinneedu maarppaappayude samsthaanangalil ninnu purathaakkappedukayum cheythu.
addehathinte videshayaathrakalil europian grand toorinte classical vashangalum ulppettirunnu. francilake yaatra cheyyukayum 1726 januvarikkum septambarinum idayil jarmmani vazhi englandilekku madangukayum cheytha sesham 1729ll rund varshathekku puratthaayirunna addeham 1731ll madangiyethunnathuvare addeham veendum videshathekku yaatra cheythilla. eee samayat addeham itali sandarshikkukayum (1739num 1741num idayil florencilum romilum thaamasikkukayum legon herculaniathile khananangalum sandarshikkukayum cheythappol addeham italiyilekku madangukayum cheythu).
italiyil aayirikkumbol addeham thathwachinthakanum daivashaasthranjanumaaya antonio nikkoliniyumaayi (1701-1769) sauhrudam sthaapichu. 1733-ll-itali sandarshanangalkkidayil-dashwood jorj, loard forbes, exatra oordinari, sent peettezhsbargilekku, copenhagenil nirtthi. odnb" (2004) enna pusthakatthile thante jeevacharitra rachayithavaaya patrick woodlandinte abhipraayathil, "eee paryaveshanathekkurichulla addehathinte budhiparavum vivechanarahithavumaaya dayari eee theeyathiyile rund thalasthaanangaleyum kurichulla pradhana prathyaksha vivaranagal nalkunnu".
dilettanthi sosaittiyum diwan clubb.
1732-ll dashwood 40 oolam charter amgangalumaayi (avaril chilar wartente yadhaartha klabbile amgangalaakaam) sosaitti oof dilettanthi enna peril oru daining club roopeekarichu, avar classical aarttine kooduthal vilamathichukondu grand touril ninnu madangiyethiyirunnu. vilyam hogarth delatent viscant boynikkaayi "sarr francis dashwood attu hiss bhakti" varachu. "yadhaartha projector dilettanthi sosaittiyude sthaapakanum allatha addeham theerchayaayum 1736-ll athinte pramukha amgamaayirunnu. dilettanthi samoohathinte nadapadikalil addeham oru pradhana punk vahikkukayum 1742-ll jorjju napttan samoohathinaayi dashwoodinte chhaayaachitram varaykkukayum cheythu. 1746 march 2 nuu, "samoohathodulla mosham perumaattatthinum avahelanathinum" joonn, sandwich erl, aarch maasttarude offeesil ninnu suspended cheyyappettappol, dashwood addehathinu pakaram thiranjedukkappettu. oru sthiramaaya veedu swanthamaakkaan sosaitti shramichappol dashwood rajaavinu vividha apekshakal samarppichu.
1740-ll, dashwood hooras walpaul, gray, mattullavar ennivarumaayi florencilaayirunnu, taamasiyaathe, sarr hooras maanumaayi prashnathilaayi; avide addeham lady merii vortley-mondaguvine parichayappedutthukayum cheythirunnu. 1743 aayappozhekkum hooras valpol mathippulavaakkukayum dilettaandi samoohathe "italiyilekkulla naamamaathramaaya yogyathayum yadhaarthathil madyapichirunna oru clubb; rund thalavanmaarum loard midlix sarr francis dashwoodumaanu, avar italiyilaayirunna muzhuvan samayavum apoorvvamaayi maathrame shaantharaayirunnulloo" ennu visheshippikkukayum cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, samoohathinu kooduthal gauravameriya oru vashamundaayirunnu, aaa mekhalayile dashwoodinte pravartthanangal 1746 juunil royal sosaittiyude (efrs) fello aayum 1769 juunil sosaitti oof antiquieries oof lunden (efsa) fello aayum thiranjedukkappedaan kaaranamaayi. 1740 kalude madhyathil addeham linkon clubbilum 1754 ll kala, nirmmaanam, vaanijyam ennivayude prothsaahanatthinaayi sosaittiyilum amgamaayi. addehathinu spalding sosaitiyumaayi bandhamundaayirunnu, koodaathe foundling hospitalinteyum general medical shelminteyum vais presidentaayi.
1744-ll adhehavum sandwichile saha delatent dhii erlum chernnu automan saamrajyam sandarshichavarkkaayi avarude anubavangal pankuvaykkunnathinaayi hraswakaala diwan club sthaapichu, ennaal rund varshathinu sesham eee club pirichuvittu.
raashtreeyam.
englandilekku madangiyethiyappol addeham weils rajakumaaranaaya frederic looyisinte kudumbatthil oru cheria tasthika nedi, eee bandhavum, addehathinte ammavan westmorlandile erline kuthirappadayude aadya sainyathil ninnu puratthaakkiyathum dashwoodine vaalpolinte bharanathinte akramasakthamaaya ethiraaliyaakki. chaara-guruvennu aaropikkappedunna loard melcombinte dilettanthiyile amgathvathinu addeham sponsor cheythu.
1741leeii pothutheranjeduppil dashwood vaalpolinte anuyayikalkkethire shakthamayi pooraadukayum meyy 5nuu nyoo romneyil oru seett nedukayum cheythu. paarlamentil addeham saamuval saandisine pinthudarukayum sarr roobert vaalpoline shakthamayi akramikkukayum videshathu thanne avahelikkunnathaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. vaalpolinte pathanam dashwoodinte nilapaadil oru maattavum varuthiyilla, frederic looyisinte oru kottaarakkaaranenna nilayil addeham jorjju randaamante ellah sarkkaarukalodum vittumaaraatha ethirppilaayirunnu.
1747-ll addeham oru mosham-aashwaasa bill avatharippichu, athu thozhilillaaymaye cherukkunnathinaayi vestt vaikomb parkkil pinneedu khananam cheytha narakaagnikal polulla pothu pravartthanangal aarambikkaan shupaarsha cheythuvenkilum athu pasakkiyilla.
1747 juun 26nuu dashwood puthiya romaniyilekk veendum thiranjedukkappedukayum 1751 januvariyil andrew stonum weils kudumbatthile rajakumaaranaaya jorjinte mattullavarum samshayikkappedunna jacobitisathe parasyamaayi nishedhikkukayum cheythu. leasester hausil dashwood jorjju bub doddington (loard melcomb)-nte swaadheenathe prolsaahippikkukayum 1751 meyy 15 leeii regency billine ethirkkukayum cheythu. 1749 epril 13 nuu addeham dii.sii.ell. ooksfoord sarvakalaashaalayile amgamaayi 1746 juun 19nuu addeham royal sosaittiyude fellow aayi thiranjedukkappettu.
narakagniyude club.
1719ll warton duke philipp sthaapikkukayum 1721ll pirichuvidukayum cheytha aadyathe helfire clubble amgamaakaan dashwood valare cheruppamaayirunnu, ennaal adhehavum sandwichile naalaamathe eal joonn montaguvum 1730kaliludaneelam jorjju aandu walcher sannil kandumuttya oru helfire clubble amgangalaayirunnuvennu aaropikkappedunnu. 1746ll jorjilum kazhukanilum dashwood swantham helfire klabbinte mungamiyaaya "naitts oof sent" enna samgham sthaapichu. francis. thante kristheeyanaamatheyum madhyakala itaaliyan vishudhaneyum adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru mathakramathinte parihasamaayirunnu ithu.
1731ll thante oru mahathaaya paryadanatthilninnu madangiyethiyappozhaanu fraansiskan kramatthinte oru parady sthaapikkaanulla ashayam dashwoodin aadyamaayi vannath. prakrithiykkum yukthikkum nerittu virudhamaayi" sthaapithamaaya addeham europile vividha sanyasi samoohangal sandarshichirunnu, "sent francis enna peril oru asaadhaaranamaaya sthaapanam" sthaapikkunnathiloode, atharam prakrithiviruddha samoohangalude asambandham theliyikkaan kazhiyumennu addeham karuthi, "santhoshakaramaaya ullasavum aniyanthrithamaaya ullasavum saamoohika santhoshavum" [...] avide nadappaakkiya tapassinum dheerathaykkum pakaramaayi."
1752-ll addeham grouppinte aasthaanam vestt vaikombile thante kudumba veettilekku maatti, walpurghis raathriyil (epril 30) aadya yogam nadatthi. eee samgham ippol "sent oof friyezhs oordar" ennaanu ariyappettirunnath. francis oof vaikombe ". aadya koodikkaazhcha paraajayappettathaayirunnath samgham pinneedu avarude yogangal vestt vaikombil ninnu ekadesham 6 mile akaleyulla medmenhaminte pazhaya madathilekku maatti, avide avar svayam "medmenhaminte sanyasimar" ennu vilichu.
sistershyan kramatthil nirmmicha medmenham abbe buckinghamshare marloic sameepam thaamasinte theerathu manoharamaayi sthithicheyyunnu. udama francis duffieldil ninnu dashwood athu vaadakaykku eduthu, addehathinte ardhasahodaran sarr joonn dashwood-king, bandhuvaya sarr thomas stepttan, aakshepahaasyakkaaranaaya pooll whitehead, joonn wilks ennivarkkoppam motham panthrand perr. venalkkaalath avar avide pathivayi attakuttappanikal nadathiyirunnu. pathinettaam noottaandile gothik punarujjeevanatthinte shailiyil nicolas revett aarkkitekt kettidangal punasthaapichu. eee kettidathinaayulla chuvarchithrangal hogarth nirmmichirikkaamennu karuthappedunnu; ennirunnaalum, avayonnum athijeevichilla.
frederic, prins oof weils, duke oof queensberry, dhii earl oof beaut, loard melcomb, sarr vilyam stanhop, keey. ennivar amgangalil ulppettathayi karuthappedunnu.bii, sarr joonn dashwood-king, bart., sarr francis delawell, keey.bii., sarr joonn vanluttan, keey. tii., henry wansitart, pinneedu bangal govarnor, (eph. enn. 13) kavikk pooll vaitt head nalki. maasathil randuthavana yogangal nadakkunnu, juuniloo septambariloo oraazhchayo athil kooduthalo neendunilkkunna oru eiii. jii. emm.
abbe sandarshicha hooras valpol parayunnathanusarichu, amgangalude "aacharam karsanamaayi purajaatheeyamaayirunnu baches veenas avar mikkavarum parasyamaayi baliyarppicha devathakalaayirunnu; eee puthiya palliyude uthsavangalkkethire itta nymphukalum hogsheadukalum (aathmaakkalude kaakkukal) aaa sanyaasimaarude nirathekkurichu ayalpakkathe mathiyaya reethiyil ariyichu."vestt vaikombile dashwoodinte poonthottatthil daffney, sasyajaalangal, priyapas, veenas, dionyses enningane vividha daivangalude niravadhi prathimakalum aaraadhanaalayangalum undaayirunnu. amgangal parasparam "sahodaranmaar" ennum nirantharam maarikkondirunna nethaavu "madaadhipathi" ennum abhisambodhana cheythu. yogangalil amgangal aachaaraparamaaya vasthrangal dharichirunnathaayi karuthappedunnu velutha trouser, jacket, thoppi, athesamayam "madaadhipathi" athe shailiyilulla chuvanna vasthrangal dharichirunnu. sthree "athidhikale" (veshyakalude oru soumyokthi) "kanyaasthreekal" ennu vilikkappedunnu enna abhyoohamundaayirunnu. club metingukalil vyaja achaarangal, ashleela swabhaavamulla vasthukkal, valareyadhikam madyapaanam, "venching", virunnu enniva ulppettathayi parayappedunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil karutha vargakkaareyum pishach allengil rakshasa aaradhanayeyum kurichulla aithihyangal pinneedu klabbumaayi bandhappettirunnu.
raabeleysinte palliyile prashasthamaaya likhitham, "phay seey kyu vaudraas" [ningalkk ishtamullathu cheyyuka], madatthinte valia praveshana kavaadathinu mukalil, karayulla glassil sthaapichu. sanyasimar" kristheeya aachaarangalude ashleelamaaya parihaasangalum madyapaanathinteyum vyabhichaarathinteyum oorgikalum nadathiyathaayi chilar paranju, athil dashwood anyamatha devanmarkku deepavali ozhikkaan oru communion kapp upayogichathayi parayappedunnu. anglo-airish aakshepahaasyakaaranaaya chaals jonsttan ezhuthiya samakaalika novalil eee vishadaamshangal vivarichittundaakam.
dashwood ambathilekku adukkukayaayirunnu, athinaal aalman settile ettavum moshakkaran vilkkukalude cheethakkaaranumaayi visheshippikkunna thomas pottarekkaal patthu vayass kooduthalaayirunnu; addeham vilkkasinekkaal ekadesham irupathu vayassum oordarinte secretory stevardum aayi pravarthicha "prayamaaya pooll" (whitehead) nekkaal rund vayassum moothayaalaayirunnu, koodaathe aakshepahaasyakkaaranaaya chaals charchil addehathe "purushathvathinu apamaanakaramaan" ennu mudrakuthi.
medmenham abbeyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, dashwood oru ayal kunnin mukalil oru palli sthaapichu, athu "pretham" ennu charchil paranjathupole, "praarthanaykkallenkil pradarshanatthinu upayogikkaam", koodaathe dashwoodinte palliyekkurichulla paraamarsangalil wilks thulyamaayi gauravamullavanaayirunnu "oru kunnin mukalil athinte thaazheyulla pattanatthinte soukaryathinum bhakthikkumaayi nirmmichathaanu".
pinneedu rashtreeya jeevitam.
1754 epril 15 nuu dashwood nyoo romneyude paarlamentilekku veendum thiranjedukkappettu, 1757 ll ezhu varshathe yuddham pottippurappettappol buckinghamshare milishya uyarnnappol, wilkas lefttanant kenalaayi pravartthikkunna aadyathe kenalaayi dashwood maari. athe varsham thanne admiral joonn bainginte jeevan rakshikkaan addeham prashamsaneeyamaaya sramam nadatthi.
1761 march 28 nuu addeham veimouthu, melcomb rejis (yuke paarlament mandalam) ennivaykkaayi paarlamentil oru puthiya seett kandethi; 1762 juun 9 nuu khajanaavinte chansalaraayi niyamithanaayathinethudarnnu addeham veendum thiranjedukkappettu, athu beaute aashrayikkunnathinaayirunnu. "saambathika parijnjaanatthinte adisthaanangal addehathinundaayirunnu, addehathinte anjjatha addehathinte mungamiyaaya leginte mahathaaya saambathika kazhivil ninnu kooduthal prakadamaayirunnu. addehathinte bajatt prasangam aashayakkuzhappathilaavukayum kazhivillaymayullathaayum chiriyude nilavilikalode sweekarikkappedukayum cheythu. sider, perry ennivaykku addeham chumathiya naalu shillingukal pannikalude thalayil uthppaadippikkendivanu, vaalpolinte excise padhathikkethire nirddeshichathilum kuravaayirunnu sider kaundikaliloode oru ethirppu uyarthiyathum. athanusarichu 1763 epril 8 nuu beautinoppam vaardrobinte sinecure keepership sweekarichu dashwood manthraalayathil ninnu viramichu.
epril 19 nuu addehathe 11-aamath baaron leeii despensoraayi paarlamentilekku vilippichu, 1762 august 26 nuu addehathinte ammavan, westmorlandile ezhaamathe earl, pathaamatthe baaron leeii despensor ennivarude maranathethudarnnu aaa baarani illaathaayi, angane dashwoodin anukoolamaayi avasaanippichu.
addeham ippol englandinte pradhana baaranattaayirunnu, athe varsham thanne addehathe buckinghamsharinte loard-lefttanant aakki, joonn wilks milishyayude kenal padaviyil adhikaaramettu. loard leeii despensor enna nilayil addeham ippol thaarathamyaparamaaya bahumaanathilum nissaarathayilum mungi. sthreekalekkurichulla lekhanam" ennathumaayi bandhappett avarude pothusuhrithaaya vilkkukalkkethire kuttam chumathunnathil sandwichile naalaamathe earl joonn mondaaguvumaayi addeham apamanakaramaaya punk vahichu, 1770 muthal 1781 vare loard nortthinte neenda bharanakaalathu addeham joyint postmaastar janaralaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, prabhubhavanatthile avasana prasamgatthil chaatham oru mayakkathil veenappol, despensor maathramaan addehathe sahayikkaan vanna eaka samapraayakkaaran. 1781 desember 11nuu neenda asukhathe thudarnnu vestt vaikombil vachu addeham marikkukayum avide addeham nirmmicha shavakudeerathil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu. 1769 januvari 19nuu addehathinte bhaarya marikkukayum vaikombeyil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.
kudumbam.
1744 meyy 29 nuu hooras walpaul ezhuthi "dashwood (lady kaarttarettinte kwaandam kaamukan) oru valia bhagyam, oru miss baatmaan moshtichu; ennaal eee malsarathe baadichittilla, 1745 desember 19 nuu dashwood sent. buckinghamshare jorjju gauldinte makalum 1742 januvari 14nuu maricha linkenshareile vindaamile moonnaamathe baaranattaaya sarr richard ellisinte vidhavayumaya jorjju, hannover square, saara, hooras valpol avare "oru pavam presbiaterian parushayaya" ennu visheshippichu; addehathinte vivaham dashwoodinte prophyllisy baadhichilla; raxal anusarichu addeham "chaals randaaman muthal pradharshippicha eathenkilum maathrkayude licensius oof kandakdine marikadannu".
dashwood niyamaanusrithamaaya oru prashnavum avasheshippichilla, leeii despensorinte baarani veendum nirtthivachu. addehathinte niyamavirudhamaaya makal rashell phaani aantonina dashwood aayirunnu addehathinte perinu oru apavaadam, matoraal addehathinte sahodari rashell, sarr roobert oosttante vidhava, bexleyude naalaamathe baaranat, kent, niyamavirudhamaayi baaranas leeii despensor enna padavi sweekarichu, ennaal avarude maranashesham avarude cussin thomas steptalttan, panthrandaam baaranin anukoolamaayi eee nirthalaakkal orikkalkkoodi avasaanippichu. addehathinte kochumakalaaya merii frances elisabath 1848-ll 13-aamathe baaranas aayi adhikaaramettu, avarude makan evlin edward thomas boscaven, 17-aamathe viscant faalmouthu, 1891 november 25-nuu 14-aamath baaran leeii despensoraayi adhikaaramettu; baaran leeii despensor kaanuka. dashwoodinte baronetti addehathinte maranashesham addehathinte ardhasahodaranaaya sarr joonn dashwood-king (1716-1793)-nuu kaimari.
saahithyathilum mattu maadhyamangalilum chithreekaranam.
francis dashwood thaazhepparayunna ezhuthukaarude saahitya kruthikalil prathyakshappettittundu
paraamarshangal.
kurippukal
avalambangal
grandhasoochika
baahya linkukal.
jeevacharitram
rachanakal
narakagniyude club
mattullava

