hammercop

oru idatharam valippamulla pakshiyaanu hamercope (scopus ambretta). scopus janussilum scopiday kudumbatthilum jeevikkunna eaka inamaanithu. eee inavum kudumbavum siconiformukalkkoppam irikkumennu valarekkaalamaayi karuthappettirunnu, ennaal ippol pelecaniformukalkkoppam sthaapichittundu, athinte ettavum adutha bandhukkal pelikkaanukalum shoobilukalumaanu. neelamulla nottulla thalayude aakruthiyum pinnil chihnavum oru chuttikaye anusmarippikkunnu, ithu eee inathinu chuttika ennathinulla aafrikkan padatthinte peril ninnu athinte peru nalki. thavittuniratthilulla thoovalukalulla idatharam valippamulla oru jalapakshiyaanith. aphrica, madagaskar, arebia ennividangalil kaanapedunna ithu azhimukhangal, thadakangal, malsyakkulangal, nadeethadangal, parakkettukal ennivayulppede vaividhyamaarnna thanneerthadangalil vasikkunnu. palappozhum praadeshika chalanagal kaanikkunna oru nischala pakshiyaanu hammercop.
kooduthalum malsyangalum ubhayajeevikalum ulppede vaividhyamaarnna irakale hammercop edukkunnu, ennaal chemmeen, praanikal, elikal ennivayum edukkunnu. iraye saadhaaranayaayi aazhamillaatha vellathil, kaazhchayiloodeyo sparshanathiloodeyo vettayaadunnu, ennaal eee inam poruthappedaavunnathum athinu kazhiyunna eathu irayeyum edukkum. eee inam athinte valia koodukalkku perukettathaanu, avayil palathum prajnana seasonil nirmmichavayaanu. asaadhaaranamaamvidham oru paksiye sambandhichidatholam koodundaakkaan muttayidunna oru aantharika koodu muriyundu. maathaapithaakkal randuperum muttakal incubate cheyyukayum kunjungale valarthukayum cheiyunnu.
eee inam aagolathalathil vamshanaashabheeshani neridaatthathum aafrikkayilum madagaskarilum praadeshikamaayi samriddhavumaanu, internaashanal union phoor kansarveshan oof nechar (iucn) ithine ettavum aashankayillaathathaayi vilayiruthiyittundu.
taxonomy aandu systematics.
1760ll franch suvolajist mathoorin jackwus brisson kaal linneyasinte sistamaa naachureyude patthaam pathippin rund varshathinu sesham prasidheekaricha thante naazhikakkallaya ornitholajiyayilaanu hamercopyne aadyamaayi vivarichathu. eee inathe pinneedu franch polymath comte dii buffon vivarikkukayum chithreekarikkukayum cheythu. 1788-ll jarmman prakrithishaasthranjanaaya johann friedrich jimelin kaal linneyasinte "sistamaa nature" parishkarikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythappol addeham hamercope ulppeduthukayum munkaala rachayithaakkale udharikkukayum cheythu. addeham eee inathe brison avatharippicha scopus janussil ulppeduthi, "scopus ambretta" enna binomial peru srishtichu. 
linneyasinte binomial sisttam upayogichilla enna vastutha undaayirunnittum pakshisanketha samooham pakshisankethatthinulla brisante perukal vyaapakamaayi sweekarichu. 1911-ll suvological naamakaranathekkurichulla anthaaraashtra kammeeshan, anthaaraashtra suvological naamakarana niyamathinu keezhil brison vamshavali labhyamaanenn vidhichu, athinaal brison hamercopinte januss adhikaaramaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. scopus" enna pothuvaaya peru purathana greak "skia" enna nizhal enna vakkil ninnaan uruthirinjathu. ambretta" enna nirddishta peru laattin bhashayil ninnu umber allengil dark braun ennartham varunnathil ninnu parishkkarichirikkunnu.
mattu kudumbangalumayulla eee inathinte bandhangal deerghakaalamaayi duroohamaanengilum, swantham kudumbatthil sthaapikkaan paryapthamaaya reethiyil vyathyasthamaan hamercope. saadhaaranayaayi siconiformukalil hamercope ulppeduthiyirunnuve ippol ithu pelecaniformukalodu kooduthal aduthathaayi karuthappedunnu. pelikkaanukalum shoobilukalumaanu ithinte ettavum adutha bandhukkalenn sameepakaala padanangal kandethiyittundu. hammercop athinte kudumbatthile eaka jeevichirikkunna amgamaanengilum, vamshanasham sambhavicha oru inam phoosil rekhakalil ninnu ariyappedunnu. "dakshinaafrikkayil ninnulla pleosene nikshepangalil ninnu kandethiya rund asthikale adisthaanamaakki 1984 ll pakshishaasthranjanaaya stors oolsan "scopus senopus" ennu vivarichu. "scopus senopus" hamercopinekkaal alpam valuthaayirunnu, taarsasinte aakruthiye adisthaanamaakki oolsan eee inam kooduthal jalajeeviyaayirikkaamenn oohichu.
hammercop, hammercop, hammerhead, hammerhead storkk, ambrett, umber bared, tufted umber allengil anvelhead ennum hammercop ariyappedunnu.
upajaathikal.
rund upajaathikal amgeekarikkappettittundu-vyapakamaaya naamanirddesham cheyyappetta vamshangal. yuu. ambretta padinjaaran aafrikkan rajyangalil cheruthum. yuu. 1931ll jorjju laattimar betts vivaricha "minor". mattu rund upajaathikal nirddeshikkappettittund. "ezz. yuu. thekk padinjaaran keniyayile bannermani saadhaaranayaayi naamanirddesham cheyyappedunna malsaravumaayi chernnathaanu. madagaskarile pakshikal vyathyasthamaanennu nirddeshikkappettittund, eee saahacharyathil avaye upajaathikalil sthaapikkum. yuu. teneurostris ". nirddishta upajathi austin ell vivarichu. 1936-ll rand. nameebiyayile kawango nadikku sameepamulla pakshikal vyathyasthamaayirikkamennum abhipraayappettittund, pakshe aupachaarika vivaranam nalkiyittilla.
vivaranam.
upajaathikal aanenkilum uyarathilum bhaarathilum nilkkunna oru idatharam valippamulla jalapakshiyaan hamercope. yuu. cheria "cheruthaanu. purakil purple niratthilulla iridansulla oru thavittuniramaanu athinte thoovalukal. yuu. cheria "irundathaanu. wall irunda thavitt niratthil mangiya reethiyil adachittirikkunnu. lingangal orupoleyaanu, flunglingukal muthirnnavarumaayi saamyamullathaan. nottu neelamullathum avasaanam cheruthaayi kettiyathumaanu. ithu oru shoobillinte nottinodu saamyamullathaan, ithu valare compressed aanu, prathyekichu maandibilinte thaazhathe pakuthiyil. cherupakshikalil noll thavittuniramaanenkilum oru pakshi valarumbozhekkum karuthathaayi maarunnu. 
kazhuthum kaalukalum samaanamaayi kaanapedunna pelekaaniformukalekkaal aanupaathikamaayi cheruthaanu. kaalukalude nagnabhaagangal karuthathum kaalukal kaalinte mukal bhagam vare maathram thoovalukalullathumaanu. anjjaathamaaya kaaranangalal, hamarcopinu bhaagikamaayi webbed kaalukalundu. madhya calviral oru heron pole cheepp poleyaanu (pectinated). athinte wall cheruthaanu, athinte chirakukal valuthum veethiyullathum vrithaakruthiyilullathumaanu; shoobil allengil kothukukalekkaal kuravaanengilum ithu nannayi uyarunnu. angane cheyyumbol, athu oru kothukineppoleyo ibis poleyo kazhuthu munnott neekkunnu, pakshe athu thattumbol, athu oru heron pole kazhuthu madakkunnu. nadakkumbol athinte nadattham mandagathiyilullathum vegathayeriyathumaanu, athinte thalayum kazhuthum oro chuvaduvaypilum angotum ingottum neengunnu. adhika sthirathaykkaayi oodumbool athu chirakukal puratthekku pidichekkaam.
vitharanavum aavaasavyavasthayum.
sahara, madagaskar, theeradesha thekk-padinjaaran arabia ennivayude thekk aafrikkayilaanu hamercope kaanappedunnath. mechilppurathinu aazhamillaatha vellam aavasyamulla ithu nadikal, aruvikal, seasonal kulangal, azhimukhangal, jalasambharanikal, chathuppukal, kandalkkaadukal, nelppalangal, savannakal, vanangal thudangiya jalasechana bhoomi ennivayulppede ellah thanneerthada aavaasavyavasthakalilum kaanapedunnu. tansaniayil, ithu aduthide paarakkettukalil bhakshanam kazhikkaan thudangi. arabiyil, ozhukunna vellavum marangalumulla paarakkettukalil ithu kaanapedunnu. mikkavarum avarude pradesangalkkullil nischalaraanu, avaa jodikalaal pidichirikkunnu, ennaal chilar eerppakaalath maathram anuyojyamaaya aavaasavyavasthayilekku kudiyerunnu. eee jeevivarggam manushyarodu valare sahishnutha pulartthukayum gramangalilum manushyan srishticha mattu aavaasavyavasthakalilum eluppathil bhakshanam nalkukayum prajananam nadathukayum cheiyunnu.
swabhaavavum paristhithiyum.
pakal samayat kooduthalum sajeevamaayirikkunna hammercop palappozhum pakal choodil uchakazhinju vishramikkunnu. avaa alppam villalppinar ullavayakaam, sandhyaasamayath sajeevamaayirikkam, pakshe chilappol report cheyyappedunnathupole rathriyalla.
saamoohika perumattavum aahvaanangalum.
ottaykkaayirikkumbol kooduthalum nishabdamaayirikkunna hammercop, jodiyaayo grouppukalaayo aayirikkumbol valare shabdamundaakkunnu. ottaykku oru flaitt-kooll, oru shrill "nyip" allengil "keck" enniva maathrame saadhaaranayaayi vilikkaarulloo. grouppukalil, shabdangalil cackles, nassel raattils ennivayulppede niravadhi kolukal ulppedunnu. valare saamoohikamaaya oru vilii "yip-parr" aanu. kuranjathu moonnu pakshikalenkilum oru aattinkoottathil koottamkoodumbol, ennaal 20 vare pakshikalenkilum oru saamoohika pashchaathalatthil maathrame eee vilii nadathukayulloo. pakshikal niravadhi "yip" kolukal nalki aarambikkukayum oduvil nottukal shudheekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. kazhuthu neettiyum chilappol chirakukal thattiyum eee vilii nadathukayum kooduthal pakshikal undaakumbol kooduthal shakthamaavukayum cheiyunnu.
mattoru saadhaarana saamoohika perumattamaanu "thettaaya mounting", athil oru pakshi mattonnin mukalil nilkkukayum athu moundu cheiyunnathaayi kaanappedukayum cheiyunnu, pakshe avaa inacherunnilla. inacherunna jodikalum inacheraatha pakshikalum tammilum, ore lingathilulla amgangalkkidayilum, penpakshikal aankuttikale kayattaan pookunna vipareeta parvathanirakalilum polum eee swabhaavam sradhikkappettittundu. ekkaaranathaal, perumaattam saamoohikamaanennum jody bandhavumaayi bandhamillennum karuthappedunnu. prabalamaaya pakshikal avarude billukal cheruthaayi thurannu avarude mukalbhagam nirtthi keezhudyogastharkku signal nalkiyekkaam, pakshe eee inam pothuve athinte inathile mattullavarodu valare aakramanaathmakamalla. samghangalaayi pakshikal samghangalaayi kazhiyumbol saamoohika parisodhanayilum earppedunnu. oru pakshi athinte thalayude pinbhagam matte pakshikku munnil avatharippikkunnu.
bhakshanavum bhakshanavum.
eee inam saadhaaranayaayi ottaykko jodikalaayo bhakshanam kazhikkunnu, ennaal chilappol valia aattinkoottangaleyum bhakshikkunnu. ubhayajeevikalum malsyangalumaanu bhakshanathinte valia bhaagamenkilum ithu oru saamaanyavaadiyaanu. chemmeen, praanikal, elikal ennivayum bhakshanathil ulppedunnu. kizhakk, thekkan aafrikkayile bhakshanathinte pradhana bhagangalaaya nakhamulla thavalakalum taadpolukalum cheria malsyangalum maathramaan maaliyil edukkunna eaka irayaayathinaal avar kazhikkunna bhakshanathinte tharam sthalam anusarichu vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. vaividhyamaarnna bhakshyavasthukkal edukkaanum valare cheria iraye edukkaanum thayyarayathinaal, ithu vibhavangalkk parimithamalla, mathramalla divasathinte oru bhagam maathram bhakshikkunnu.
vettayaadalinte saadhaarana reethi iraye thedi aazhamillaatha vellathil nadakkuka ennathaanu. ira saahacharyangale aashrayich vyathyasthamayi sthithicheyyunnu; vellam vyakthamaanenkil, athu kaazhchayil vettayaadiyekkaam, ennaal vellam valare cheli niranjathaanenkil, athu athinte thuranna nottukal vellathilekko cheliyilekko parishodhichu adaykkunnu. iraye olippichuvekkaan athu oru samayam oru call thaazhekku chalippikkukayo pettennu chirakukal thurakkukayo cheythekkaam. cheliyil pidikkappedunna iraye vizhungunnathinumbu kulukkukayo allengil labhyamaanengil vellam shudheekarikkaan kondupookukayoo cheiyunnu. parakkumbozhum eee inam bhakshikkunnu. kaalukal thoongikkidakkukayum thala thaazhekku nokkukayum, thudarnnu kaalukal thaazhtthi iraye kaanumbol thalkshanam thoongikkidakkukayum cheiyunna oru pakshi pathukke vellathinu mukaliloode thaazhekku parakkunnu. thudarnnu iraye nottukal upayogichu thattiyedukkukayum parakkunnathinide vizhungukayum cheiyunnu. oru 45 minitt sessionil 33 sramangalil 27 ennathilum oru pakshi irayaakkunnathinaal eee vettayaadal reethi valare vijayakaramaan. ithu avasaravaadiyaanu, koodaathe anchu minittinullil 47 alattukale (parakkunna chithalukal) thattiyedukkunna avarude vivaha parakkal nadathumbol chithalukal thinnutheerkkunnu.
kannukaalikaleyum pothukaleyum meikkunna praanikalk samanamaaya kannukaali egrattukal meikkaanaayi eee inam meikkunnathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu, koodaathe hippopotamasinte purakil ninnu malsyabandhanam nadathunnathu nireekshikkappettundu. oru koottam mungakal oru kulatthinte vashath unangiya cheliyil thavalakale vettayaadaan thudangiyappol oru jodi haamarkoppukal theetta samghathil pankedukkukayum mungakalil ninnu rakshapetta thavalakale pidikoodukayum cheythappol, banded mungakalumayi sahakarichu ithu bhakshikkunnathaayum rekhappeduthiyittundu.
prajnana.
oru manushyante bharam thangaan kazhiyunnathra shakthavum chilappol kuruke nilkkunnathilum kooduthalumaaya valia koodaanu hamercope perumaattatthinte vichitramaaya vasham. saadhyamaakumbozhellaam, ithu oru maratthinte forkkil, palappozhum vellathinu mukalilaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, ennaal aavashyamenkil, ithu oru theeratho oru malancherivilo manushyanirmmitha mathilo anakkettilo allengil nilatho nirmmichathaanu. cheliyode cherthu oru vadiyude plaattphom nirmmichu oru jody aarambikkukayum thudarnnu mathilukalum thazhikakkudamulla melkkoora nirmmikkukayum cheiyunnu. chuvade cheli pooshiya oru praveshana kavaadam oru thurankatthiloode maathapithaakkaleyum cheruppakkaareyum pole valuthaya oru koodundaakkunna arayilekku nayikkunnu. koodukal nirmmikkaan 10 muthal 14 aazhchakal vare edukkumennu rekhappeduthiyittundu, avaa poortthiyaakkaan ekadesham 8,000 sttikkukal allengil pullu koottukal aavasyamaanennu oru gaveshakan kanakkakki. koodundaakkukayum muttayidukayum cheythathinusheshavum eee jodic koodundaakkunna vasthukkal cherkkaan kazhiyum. poortthiyaaya sesham koottiyinakkunna vasthukkalude bhooribhaagavum vadiyalla, marichu ellukal, maravu, manushya maalinyangal ennivayulppedeyulla kramarahithamaya vasthukkalude oru vichitramaaya shekharamaanu.
prajananakshamamayaalum illengilum prathivarsham moonnu muthal anchu vare koodukal nirmmikkunna nirbandhitha koodu nirmmaathaakkalaanu jody hammercop. eee jodiyile rund amgangalum koodundaakkunnu, koodaathe koodundaakkunnathil avaa thammilulla jody bandham srishtikkunnathino nilanirthunnathino oru pravartthanam undayirikkaam. kalappura moongakalum kazhukan moongakalum avare nirbandhichu koodundaakkukayum koodukal ettedukkukayum cheythekkaam, pakshe moongakal pookumbool, eee jody koodu veendum upayogichekkaam. paambukal, jeenattukal polulla cheria sasthanikal, vividha pakshikal, neythukaar, staarlings, praavukal enniva puratthekku avarude koodukal gadippichekkaam. oro jodiyum ezhu koodukal undakkiyittundengilum, oro jodiyum aaa pradeshathu 80 jody koodukal undaakkunnundenn ardhamaakkunna ugandayil ulppede, oru pradeshathu 239 koodukal kandappol, haamarkoppukal aduthu koodundakkunnathaayi chila reportukal nilavilundu. eee inam colonial aayi kanakkakkappedunnilla, kaaranam ithu pathivayi orumichu koodundakkunnilla, pakshe uyarnna pradesikamaayi kanakkakkappedunnilla. jodikalkku kooduthal vyaapichukidakkunna hoome renchukal ullidathu polum aaa hoome renchukal ovarlaappu cheyyukayum athirthikal moshamaayi nirvachikkappedukayum cheiyunnu.
kizhakkan aafrikkayil varsham muzhuvanum prajananam nadakkunnu, athinte sheshikkunna shreniyil, varanda kaalaavasthayodu cheria pakshapaathatthode ithu vyathyastha samayangalil ettavum uyarnnathaan. jodikal oru prajnana pradarshanatthil earppedunnu, thudarnnu koodiloo aduthulla nilatho inacherunnu. moonno ezho muttakal adangiya eee klachil chokki veluthathayi thudangukayum ennaal taamasiyaathe karayullathayi maarukayum cheiyunnu. muttakal sharashari alakkunnu, bharam chuttum, pakshe ganyamaaya vyathyasam kaanapedunnu. muttayude valippam oro seasonilum, klachinte mothatthilulla valippathilum, pakshikalil ninnu pakshikalil vyathyaasappedunnu. rund lingakkaarum muttakal incubate cheiyunnundenkilum penkuttikalaanu ettavum kooduthal jolie cheiyunnathu. aadyathe mutta idunnathu muthal viriyunnathu vare incubation ekadesham 30 divasamedukkum, mutta idunnathu onnu muthal moonnu divasam vare edavelakalil, avaa asinkranalaayi viriyunnu.
maathaapithaakkal iruvarum kunjungalkku bhakshanam nalkukayum palappozhum avare deerghaneram thanichaakkukayum cheiyunnu. pakshikale vettayaadunna asaadhaaranamaaya eee seelam kattiyulla koodu mathilukal kaaranam saadhyamaayekkaam. chaaraniratthil pothinja yuva hatch. viriyunnathu kazhinju 17 divasathinullil, avarude thalayum agrabhaagathe thoovalukalum vikasikkukayum oru maasathinullil avarude shareera thoovalukalum vikasikkukayum cheiyunnu. viriyunnathinu sesham 44 muthal 50 divasam vare avaa aadyam koodu vidunnu, pakshe rund maasam praayamaakunnathuvare raathriyil koodundaakkaan avar koodu upayogikkunnathu thudarunnu.
manushyarumayulla bandham.
hamercopinecurich niravadhi aithihyangal nilavilundu. chila pradeshangalil, mattu pakshikal koodundaakkaan sahaayikkunnuvenn aalukal parayunnu. oru hammercop parannu thangalude campinu mukaliloode vilichappol, thangalodu adutha oraal marichathaayi avarkk ariyaamaayirunnuvenn wilhem bleekkinte shsam informentukal paranju.
chila samskaarangalil ithu minnal pakshi ennariyappedunnu, koodaathe oru haamarkoppinte koodu kollayadikkaan shramichathinte falamaayi minnal veenathaayi kalahari mulpadarppukal vishwasikkunnu. shathruvaaya daivamaaya khauna oru hamarcopine kollan aagrahikkillennum avar vishwasikkunnu. oru pazhaya malagazi vishwaasam anusarichu, athinte koodu nasippikkunna arcum kushtarogam undaakum, oru malagazi kavita athine "dushta pakshi" ennu vilikkunnu. atharam vishwaasangal pakshiykk kurachu samrakshanam nalkiyittundu. mazhaykku munbu uchathil vilikkunna sheelathil ninnaan "mazha doctor" ennartham varunna dakshinaafrikkan naamamaya najaka uruthirinjathu.
eest aafrikkan naachural histtari sosaittiyude jenalaaya "scopus" pole, pandithochithamaaya jenal lekhanangalude amoorthangaludeyum avalambangaludeyum daattabesaaya scopasinum eee pakshiyude bahumaanaartham athinte peru labhichu.

