appensel yudhangal

aadhunika swittsarlandile appensel mekhalayil 1401 muthal 1429 vare neenduninna samghattanangalude oru parambarayaayirunnu appensel yudhangal. appensel karshakar allengil sent nagaratthile karakaushala vidagdhar polulla sahakarana samghangalude prakshobhangal yudhangalil ulppettirunnu. gallen, habsburg bhavanavum sent abbeyude rajakumaran-madaadhipathiyum prathinidheekarikkunna parambaraagatha madhyakala shakti gadanaykku ethiraanu. gull.
madhyakala europile niravadhi janakeeya kalaapangalil onnaayirunnu eee samgharsham. ithu appensellinu kooduthal svayambharanaavakaashathinum pazhaya swis konfedarasiyumaayulla athinte bandhatthinum kaaranamaayi, athil 1513-ll athu amgamaayi (kantoon).
pashchaathalam.
appensel (perilulla ardham "sell (i.iii. estettu) ") sent madaadhipathiyude vyakthiparamaaya niyanthranathilaayirunnu. gull. rajakumaran boat ejantumaare allengil jaamyakkaare niyamichappol, appensellile communitykal bharikkunath oro pouranum vottu cheyyaan kazhiyunna "landsjeminde" niyamicha oru kaunsilaanu. prabhukkanmaraaya habsburgukalkkethire samanamaaya "landsjeminden" ulla swis konfedareshante vijayam appottinte ejantumaare purathaakkunnathinekkur chinthikkaan appensel pouranmaare prothsaahippichu. 1360 aayappozhekkum, mort maine, nikuthikal, dasaamsham ennivayekkurichulla samgharshangal iru kakshikalkkum aashankayundaakki. puthiya swabian leag oof sittikalil chernnu thangalude avakashangalum thaalpparyangalum samrakshikkaan madaadhipathiyum appensel aagrahichu. sent sent nagarangalkk keezhilaayirikkanamenna vyavasthayil 1377-ll appenselline leagil praveshippichu. galanum konstaansum. 
1379-ll kuno voonn stophellan sent prins-abotayi. gull. taamasiyaathe thanne aadarikkaan aadyam visammathicha appensellumaayum sent sittiyumaayum addeham oru karaarilethi. gallen. 1392-ll, bharanam kooduthal svechaadhipathyamaayitheerntheer kuno, 1402-ll naveekaricha austriyayile dachiyumaayi oru sakhyam roopeekarichu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, 1401-ll appensel sent nagaravumaayi oru sakhyathil earppettu. avarude avakashangalum swaathanthryangalum samrakshikkaan gallen.
pottipurappettu.
appensellermaarum madaadhipathiyude ejantumaarum thammilulla samgharshangal vardhichathinethudarnna, appensellinte jaamyakkaaran ulppede, aaa manushyante vasthrangal aavasyamullathinaal oru mrithadeham kuzhichedukkanamennu aavasyappettukondu appensellermaar oru kalapam aasoothranam cheythu. oru divasam, madaadhipathiyude raajyangaliludaneelam, avar jaamyakkaare akramikkukayum avare rajyath ninnu puratthaakkukayum cheythu. parajayappetta charchakale thudarnnu appensel, sent. gallen oru udambadiyil earppettu. sent thammilulla udambadi. galanum appensel madaadhipathiyum addehathinte estettukalum thammilulla oru edavela adayaalappeduthi. orupakshe habsburgukale bhayann 1402-ll leag appenselline purathaakki. athe varsham thanne, sent. gallen madaadhipathiyumaayi oru karaarilethi, apponsellinu inii sent neey aashrayikkaan kazhiyilla. gaalante pinthuna. 
appottinethire nilakollaan thayyaaraanenn apponsel svayam prakhyapikkukayum 1403-ll muun noottaandil austriyakkaare paraajayappedutthiya pazhaya swis konfedarasiyile amgamaaya shwis kantanumaayi oru sakhyam roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. glares kuranja pinthuna nalkiyengilum appenselline pinthunaykkaan aagrahikkunna eathoru pouraneyum angane cheyyaan adhikaarappeduthi. ithinu marupadiyaayi leag oru sainyathe uyarthi sent. appensellilekku pookunnathinu munbu gallen cheyyuka. 1403 meyy maasathil madaadhipathiyum leaginte sainyavum troganilekku march cheythu. 1403 meyy meyy avar spicharilekku kadannukayarukayum wagelinseg graamathinu purathu appensel sainyathe kandumuttukayum cheythu. 80 oolam appensellarmaarude oru cheria sainyam thaazhvaraykku mukalilulla oru kunnil ninnu akramanam aarambhichu, shwissil ninnulla 300 sainikarum glarasil ninnulla 200 sainikarum sainyathinte vashangal chutti sanjarichu. leaginte kuthirappada kunnin mukalilekku kayarumbol avar 2000 appensellermaare kandumuttukayum pinwangan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu. pinvaangalinide, ekadesham 600 kuthirappadayaalikalum 5000 kaalalppadayil palarum appensel sainyam vadhichu. leag aarbanil appensellumaayi oru vedinirthal karar oppittengilum samadhaanam hraswakaalathekkaayirunnu.
yudhangalude gathi.
raine thaazhvarayilum thadaaka konstansinu chuttumulla madaadhipathiyude sthalangalilekkum appensel kadannukayattam thudarnnu. koodaathe, adutha rund varshathinullil, sent. galanum appensel aduthuvannathode aaa mataadhipathiye pinthunachu austriyan rajakumaaranaaya frederic naalaaman edapettu. appenselline akramikkaan addeham mataadhipathiye rund austriyan sainyangalumayi nalki. 1405 juun juun pradhana sainyam appensellinte athirthiyile stoos churatthilekku munnerukayum avide appensel sainyathe neridukayum cheythu. krooramaaya oru yudhathethudarnnu austriyan sainyam pinwangan nirbandhithamaayi. thangalude bharthaakkanmaareyum sahodaranmaareyum sahayikkaan vanna appansalinte sthreekalaayirunna randaamathe uppenseller sainyathe kandappol austriyakkaar pinwangia katha pinneedulla srothassukalil maathrame kaananakoo, athu krithyamallennu kanakkaakkappedunnu.
stoos churatthile appensel vijayathethudarnnu avar sent nagaravumaayi oru sakhyam roopeekarichu. gallen, '("thadaakathinu mukalilulla sakhyam", aduthulla thadaaka sthiraankathe soochippikkunnu) ennariyappettirunnu. thadaaka koonstans mekhalayile austriyan shakthiyude aditharaye 'dhii' srishtichu. 1406 aayappozhekkum avar 60-ladhikam kottakal pidichedukkukayum 30 ennam nasippikkukayum cheythu. vipuleekarana samayat, appensel sent gaalile mataadhipathiye polum pidikoodukayum marupadiyaayi koonstans bishop avare bahishkarikkukayum cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, 'vikasippicha' austriyakkaar samadhaanam upayogichu avarude shakti veendeduthu. 1406 septambar 11 nuu prabhukkanmaarude oru association '(oordar oof sent) ennariyappedunna oru naitli oordar roopeekarichu. jorjinte paricha ") 'enna vimatha saadhaaranakkaare ethirkkaan. 1407ll eee utharavu 'brajens nagaram' uparodhichu. 1408 januvari januvari 'sainyam eee utharavinum austriyan sainyathinum ethire nagarathinu purathu march cheythu. avarude sainyathe paraajayappedutthukayum mathilukalil ninnu thirichayakkukayum cheythappol akramanam oru duranthamaayirunnu. paraajayathetthudarnnu appensellinu 'orumichu' pidichunirtthaan kazhinjilla. sitti oof sent. galanum shwis kantonum oororutharum akramanam ozhivakkaan austriyakkaarkku panam nalkukayum 1408 epril 4 nuu rupert rajaavu 'dhaa' pirichuvidukayum cheythu.
samadhana udambadiyude bhaagamaayi, madaadhipathi appensellinte udamasthaavakaasham upekshichuvenkilum appozhum chila nikuthikal swanthamaakki. ennirunnaalum, 1410 vare eee pradesham samaadhaanaparamaayirunnu. 1411-ll, appensel muzhuvan swis konfedareshanumaayum (bernn ozhike) oru prathirodha udambadiyil oppuvachu, ithu madaadhipathiyil ninnu avarude swaathanthryam shakthippeduthi, konfedareshanil oru "associate amgamaayi" chernnu (1513 vare athu oru poornna amgamaakilla).
nigamanam.
thudarnnulla varshangalil, sent centersburg madathinu nalkenda nikuthi adaykkaan appensel visammathichu. gull. 1421-ll, eee nikuthikalude kaaryatthil konfedareshan mataadhipathiye pinthunachu, avarkk panam nalkaan nirbandhikkaan appensellinu onniladhikam saamraajyathva nirodhanam earppeduthi. iva paraajayappettappol, 1426-ll avaye sent kramam pinthunaykkunna frederic VII, kaundu oof toggenberg enna oru utharavinu keezhil sthaapichu. jorjinte paricha appensellilekku neengi. 1428 desember 2 nuu gosovin herisavinum edayilulla maitanath kanatha kottaykku (letsi ennariyappedunnu) pinnil avar appensel sainyathe neridukayum paraajayappedutthukayum cheythu. yudhathethudarnnu, 1429-ll appensel kudissikayulla nikuthikal thirichadaykkaan nirbandhithanaayenkilum bhaaviyile baadhyathakalil ninnu addehathinu swaathanthryam labhichu. eee udambadi sent abbiyumaayulla appensellinte avasana saambathika bandhatthinte avasaanathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. gull, swis konfedareshanumaayulla adutha bandhatthilekkulla oru prasthaanam.

