
singh

singh seh ennum ariyappedunna singhse, jaava yudhathil dutch kizhakkan indian sarkkaarinethire poraadiya 18-aamm noottaandile oru intho-chainees vimatha neethaavaayirunnu. kalapam paraajayatthil avasaanikkukayum singh seey sreelankayilekku naadukadatthappedukayum avide addeham thante jeevithavasaanam vare thudarukayum cheythu.
jeevacharitram.
uthbhavam.
singhshe chainees paithrukathil pettayalaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. oru vimathanaakunnathin munbu, jaava dveepile demakkile chainees samoohathinte neethaavaayirunnu addeham.
jaava yuddham.
vardhichuvarunna pirimurukkangal.
pathinezhaam noottaandil dutch kizhakkan indian kolaniyaaya battaaviyayude roopeekaranathil (adhiniveshathiloodeyum kolanivalkkaranathiloodeyum), dutch adhikaarikal chainayil ninnulla karakaushalathozhilaalikale indoneshyayilekku shanikkaan theerumaanichu. adutha noottaandil sumatra, jaava dveepukaliludaneelam chainees samoohangal roopeekarikkappettu. kolaniyile chainees janasamkhya kooduthal sambannaraayi valarnnuvenkilum pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil indoneshyayile chainees, thaddesheeya janangalkkidayil amarsham valaraan thudangi. 1730kalil dutch adhikaarikal chainakkaarude avakashangal niyanthrikkunna niyamangal passacan thudangiya battaviyayilaanu ithu ettavum kooduthal drishyamaayathu. battaaviyayile chainees janatha eee pravarthanangalil prathishedhikkaan thudangi, athinte falamaayi dachukaar kooduthal adichamarthalinu kaaranamaayi.
1740ll jaavayude dutch govarnor generalaya adrian valcanier baattaaviyayile ellah chainakkareyum (ekadesham 10,000 aalukal) naadukadatthaano collano utharavittu. eee utharavu 1740leeii battaaviya koottakkolaykk kaaranamaayi, eee samayat aayirakkanakkin chainakkar kollappettu. ennirunnaalum, khey paandjanginte neethrthwathil oru koottam chainakkar jaavayilekk palayanam cheyyukayum avide dveepile dutch adhikaarikalkkethire pooraadunnathinaayi oru vimatha sainyam roopeekarikkukayum cheythu.
yuddham.
battaaviyayile koottakkolayude vaartha pracharichathode jaavayiludaneelamulla chainees samoohangal yudhathinaayi aninirakkaan thudangi. madhya jaavayil, niravadhi chainees vaasasthalangalil ninnulla nethaakkal (singhse ulppede) jaavayil ninnu dachukaare purathaakkaanulla padhathikal charcha cheyyaan demarkil yogam chernnu. praadeshika bharanaadhikaarikalumaayi chainakkar sakhyamundaakkumennum oru puthiya javanese-chainees raajyam roopeekarikkumennum sammathichu. britiish charitrakaaranaaya stamford raafilsinte abhipraayathil, singhse eee kaunsilil pankedukkukayum dachukaar paraajayappettukazhinjaal jaavayude chakravarthiyaayi kireedamaniyukayum cheythu.
jaava yudhathinte aadya varsham singhseik chainees vimatharkkum nannayi pooyi, avarkk dachukaareyum avarude sakhyakakshikaleyum demark, tegel, semarang, central jaavayude pala bhagangal ennivayil ninnu purathaakkaan kazhinju. ennirunnaalum, 1742 aayappozhekkum yudhathinte veliyettam vimatharkkethire thiriyukayaayirunnu. 1742-nte thudakkathil chainakkaare thaalkkaalikamaayi pinthunacha javanese rajaavaaya paakubuvono randaaman duchukaarkku keezhadangi. paakubuvonoyude thalasthaanamaaya cartosuro pidichadakkunnathil khey pandjang sainyavum vijayichenkilum raajaavinte koorumaattatthe thudarnnu singh sainyavum vadakkan-madhya jaavayil kudungi. 1842 joonode, singhse 4000 aalukalude kamaandaraayirunnu; ennirunnaalum, dutch anukoola javanese sainyam addehathe vegathil valayukayum juulai avasaanathode yudhathil paraajayappedukayum cheythu. singh sainyavum kizhakode palayanam cheyth vimatharude niyanthranatthilulla nagaramaya surabaayayil ethi, avide avare oru dutch sainyam uparodhichu.
1742 desemberil thekkan jaavayil khey paandjanginte sainyam paraajayappettathinetthudar singh dachukaarumaayi charchakal aarambhichu. kalaapathil earppettirikkunna eathoru chainakkaran dachukukaar pothumaapp vaagdaanam cheythu, angane 1743 februvariyil sinha sainyavum keezhadangi; eee keezhadangal jaava yudhathinte avasaanathe adayaalappeduthi. singhse dutch kastadiyilekku kondupoyi sreelankayilekku naadukadatthukayum avidevechu addeham pinneedu marikkukayum cheythu.