
donald richberg

donald randall richberg (juulai 10,1881-november 27,1960) oru american abhibhashakanum sivil sarvees udyogasthanum ezhuthukaaranum aayirunnu. roosvelttinte pradhana sahaayikalum puthiya karaaril nirnaayaka punk vahichavarum. addeham deseeya vyavasaya veendedukkal niyamatthinte saha-rachayithaavaayirunnu, deseeya veendedukkal bharanakoodatthinte general kaunsilum executive directorumaayirunnu. railway laber act, norris-lagardia act, taaftt-hartley aakt ennivayum addeham rachichu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum currier.
donald richberg 1881 joolaiyil tennessiyile noxvilleyil joonn kaal, elois oliviya (munbu randall) richberg ennivarude makalaayi janichu. addehathinte muthachan luis richberg pithavum germmaniyil ninnu yuu. esilekku kudiyeriyirunnu.ezz. 1851-ll addehathinte muthachan newyork nagaratthil oru vyaapaariyaayi kada aarambhich 1854-ll illinoyisile chikkagoyilekku maarukayum oru meett packing bisinesses aarambikkukayum cheythu. richberginte pithaav oru korpparettu attorniyayi maari, pinneedu chikkago nagaratthe prathinidheekarichu. addehathinte muthasshiyaaya mirenda briggs randal amayum doctormarayirunnu. addehathinte sahodari eviyettar leda richberg-honsbiyaayirunnu.
donald richberg chikkago public haiskoolil ninnu birudam nedukayum 1901 ll chikkago sarvakalashaalayil ninnu birudam nedukayum cheythu.dii. 1904ll harward sarvakalashaalayil ninnu. harwardil aayirikkumbol addeham elisabath haariyat herikkine kandumuttukayum 1906ll avar vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu; 1915ll avar verpirinju, 1917ll avar addehathe upekshichathinusesham vivaahamochanam nedi. taamasiyaathe addeham linettu malviye vivaham kazhichu, pakshe 1924-ll avar vivaahamochanam nedi. athe varsham addeham florence veedine vivaham kazhichu (aval avane athijeevichu). avarkk oru makalundaayirunnu.
rich berg pithavum chernnu chikkaagoyil rich berg & rich berg enna niyama sthaapanam sthaapichu. 1913ll, harrold ell. ikkas kambaniyil chernnu. addehathinte pithaav 1915-ll niyamapatanam upekshichu, morgan davis, joonn ezz. loard sthaapanathil chernnu (ippol richberg, ikkas, davis & loard ennu vilikkunnu). 1913 muthal 1915 vare prathyeka samsthaana abhibhashakanaayi thiranjedukkappetta addeham peeples gyaas kambanikkethire vyapakamaaya vyavaharangalil chikkago nagaratthe sahayichu, 1916 muthal 1919 vare chikkago sitti court oof chaansariyude prathyeka maastaraayirunnu.
1905-ll purogamana raashtreeyathil earppetta addeham jaine aadamsinteyum chaals edward meriyaminteyum adutha anuyayiyaayi maarukayum mayer malsarathile edward fitsimmons dunninu vendi vanthothil pracharanam nadathukayum cheythu. ikkasinoppam addeham purogamana-republican leag oof illinois roopeekarikkaan sahayikkukayum desheeyathalathil purogamana party sajeeva amgamaavukayum cheythu.
1922leeii valia railway panimudakku.
1922-ll, valia railway panimudakkil pankedutthathinte peril richberg desheeyathalathil prashasthanaayi. 1920ll richberg railway jeevanakkaarude vakuppinte general kaunsilaraayi. eee padaviyil, addeham panimudakkunna railway yooniyanukalude praadhamika abhibhashakanaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum "makalude utharavinulla" ethirppine nayikkukayum cheythu."thozhilaallikalude avakashangalkkethiraaya nirodhanatthinte bharanaghadanaa virudhamaaya lamghanamaayi addeham karuthiyathil agadhamaaya deshyathode, 1926 ll railway laber aakt aayi nadappaakkiya niyamanirmmaanatthinte saha-rachayithaavaayirunnu richberg. 1926ll railway unionmaarude lobying grouppaaya railway laber executives associationte upadeshtaavaayi richberg maari. eee padaviyil, 1932 ll kongras pasakkukayum thozhil utharavukal nirodhikkukayum cheytha federal niyamanirmmanamaaya norris-laa guardia act thayyarakkan addeham sahayichu. bill pasakkanulla saadhyathaye thadassappeduthaanulla shramathil, laber sekrattari vilyam enn. billinulla pinthuna avasaanippikkukayaanenkil doock (nirmmaathaakkalude deseeya association prathinidhikal ulppetta oru yogathil) richberginu oru federal jadji sthaanam vaagdaanam cheythu. richberg visammathichu. eee vijayakaramaya federal niyamangal thayyarakkiya addehathinte anubavangal 1932 aayappozhekkum rich bergine thozhil niyamathile munnira vidagdhanaayi kanakkakkaan palareyum prerippichu.
federal sevanam.
1932 septambaril richberg, ikkas, fred sii. hove, felix frankfurter, henry eiii. newyork govarnor franklin dii. yeei pinthunaykkunnathinaayi valas deseeya purogamana leag samghadippichu. american presidentinaayi rooswelt. 1932 novemberil rooswelt thiranjedukkappettathinum, rich berg presidential transition teamil nooru divasathinullil puthiya bharanakoodatthinum vendi niyamanirmmaanatthinte karadu thayyarakki. eee seshiyil deseeya vyavasaya veendedukkal niyamatthinte (neera) karadu thayyarakkan sahayikkaan rich bergine kshanichu. jonson, reymond mollie, rexford tugwell, jerom frank, chaals vaisansky, bernard barooch. vividha malsaraadhishtitha drafttukal punakrameekarichathinu sesham billil anthima sparsanam nadatthaan sahayikkaan mollie richberghinode aavasyappettu, koodaathe thozhilaallikaludeyum unionukaludeyum koottaaya vilapeshal avakashangal urappunalkunna sheershakam I, sekshan 7 (eiii) thayyaaraakkunnathin richberg valia utharavaadithamaayirunnu.
deseeya veendedukkal bharanavum presidential kaunsilukalum.
1933 juun 20nuu, hugsinte abhyarthanaprakaaram. president rooswelt jonson, neera nadappakkaan sthaapicha ejansiyaaya naashanal recovery administreshante (enn. aarr. eiii) general kaunsilare richbergine niyamichu. ezhuthukaarane sahaayicha pravrithi bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennu richberg valareyadhikam bhayapettu, koodaathe kesukal vichaaranayilekku konduvarunnathino pothu abhibhashakanaayi appeel kodathikaliloode munnott pookaan anuvadikkunnathino thante bhooribhaagam samayavum offeesil chelavazhichu, richbergine sekshan 7 (eiii) nadappakkaanum prathirodhikkanum chumathalappedutthi. rich berg, enn. aarr. eiii administrettar hyoog jonsanineppole, sekshan 7 (eiii) svayam nadappaakkalaanennu vishwasichu. ennaal iruvarum thettaanenn theliyikkapettu union oorganaiseshante oru valia tharamgam sambhavichu, sekshan 7 (eiii) avakaashangalodulla thozhiludamayude cheruthunilppu thozhiludamayudeyum union akramatthilekkum panimudakkilekkum pothu panimudakkilekkum nayichu, athu saambathika veendedukkaline thadassappeduthumennu bheeshanippedutthi. 1933 august 5 nuu, neera pasaki 46 divasangalkku sesham, president rooswelt sekshan 7 (eiii) nadappaakkunnathu ettedukkunnathinaayi deseeya laber board (enlb) sthaapichu. deseeya laber bordineyum athinte pingamiyaaya ejansiyeyum (1934 juun 29 nuu sthaapithamaaya "aadyathe" deseeya laber relations board) richberg parasyamaayi ethirthu. enlb nayathinum vidhikalkkum nerittu virudhamaayi, sekshan 7 (eiii) kambani unionukaleyo adacha kadayeyo nirodhikkunnillenn addeham parasyamaayi prakhyaapichu, enlbyude praathinidhya exclusivity enna ashayathe ethirthu, thozhiludamakalil sadbhavana vilapeshal aavasyappedaanulla eathoru shramatheyum ethirthu. 1934 februvariyil 200,000 vahana thozhilaallikalude deseeya panimudakku aasannamaanennu thonniyengilum, federal thozhil nayathinu keezhil kambani unionukal sveekaaryamaanennu prakhyaapicha sekshan 7 (eiii) yude "vishadeekaranam" nalkaan rich berg jonsanumaayi chernnu.
puthuthayi srishticha vyaavasaayika adiyanthara samithiyude directoraakaan rich berg enn. aarr. ayil ninnu avadhiyedukkukayaanennu 1934 juun 30 nuu president rooswelt prakhyaapichu. saambathika veendedukkal sramangal ekopippikkunnathinu sahaayikkunnathin rooswelt niravadhi ekopana sthaapanangalumaayi pareekshanangal nadathukayaayirunnu. 1933 juulai 11nuu addeham mikka kaabinat medhaavikalum puthuthayi srishticha saambathika veendedukkal ejansikalude nethaakkalum ulppedunna oru executive kaunsil roopeekarichu, "bisinasinte chittayaya avatharanam nalkunnathinum puthiya sarkkar ejansikalude samghadanayudeyum pravartthanatthinteyum inter-ejansi prasnangal ekopippikkunnathinum". 1933 november 17nuu addeham naalu pradhana kaabinat sekrattarimaarum aarr saambathika veendedukkal ejansikalude thalavanmaarum adangunna deseeya adiyanthara kaunsil enna samanamaaya oru ekopana samiti roopeekarichu, deseeya vyaavasaayika veendedukkal niyamam, kaarshika krameekarana niyamam, federal emarjansi releaf act ennivayude vyavasthakal nadappaakkunnathinum sarkkaarinte niravadhi feeld ejansikalude pravartthanangal ekopippikkunnathinum kooduthal kaaryakshamavum uthppaadanakshamamaakkunnathi. ippol, oru executive utharaviloode, rooswelt aabhyanthara, thozhil sekrattarimaarum enn. aarr. eiii, federal emarjansi releaf administration medhaavikalum adangunna industrial emarjansi kammittiyude director richbergine niyamichu... durithaashvaasam, pothumaraamathu, thozhil tharkkangal, vyaavasaayika veendedukkal thudangiya prasnangalumaayi bandhappett eee pravartthanangale badhikkunna samyuktha prasnangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinekkurichu padikkukayum ekopippikkukayum cheyyuka."athe samayam, rooswelt rich bergine executive kaunsilinteyum deseeya emarjansi kaunsilinteyum chumatala ealppikkukayum addehathe manthrisabhayude chumatala ealppikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte vipulamaaya adikaaram richberginu "asisttant president" enna padavi nedikkodutthu."ennaal richberginte vesham neenduninnilla. executive kaunsil deseeya emarjansi kaunsilumaayi layippikkukayum 1934 octoberil industrial emarjansi kammittiye puthiya bodiyude oru upasamithiyaakkukayum cheythu. 1934 desember avasaanathode, bharanathile mattullavarude rashtreeya aakramanangalethudarnnu richberg "asisttant president" enna thante rolil ninnu raajivachirunnu.
enn. aarr. eiii enna thaalilekku madanguka.
rich berg enn. aarr. eiii. yilek madangi. deseeya veendedukkal bharanam nadathunnathinte kadutha sammarddavum jolibharavum kaaranam enn. aarr. eiii administrettar hyoog jonson maanasika thakarchayude lakshanagal kaanikkukayayirunnu. jonsante kramakkedu perumaattam, mukhangalekkurichulla pathiv nayam, keezhudhyogastharodulla mosham perumaattam enniva richbergine prachodippichu, addeham administrette pirichuvidaano maattisthaapikkaano president roosvelttinodu aavasyappedaan thudangi. roosvelttumaayulla rund koodikkazhchakalkkum parajayappetta rajikkashramathinum sesham 1934 septambar 24 nuu jonson raajivachu. moonnu divasathinu sesham, rooswelt administrettar sthaanam maatti oru puthiya deseeya vyavasaya veendedukkal board sthaapichu, athil richbergine executive director niyamichu. ennirunnaalum, bordinte thalavan enna nilayil, richberg eratta edapaadukalil earppedukayum, thante keezhudyogastharude kazhchappadukalekkurichu presidentinode nuna parayukayum, prasidantumaayi prasnangal unnayikkanamenna thante jeevanakkaarude abhyarthanakal amgeekarikkukayum pinneedu angane cheyyaan visammathikkukayum cheythu. addeham kooduthal bisinus anukoola nayangalum sweekarichu. udaaharanathinu, deseeya vyavasaya veendedukkal boardil bhooribhaagavum automobile vyavasaya coode kaalaharanappedanum (oru puthiya coode charcha cheiyunnathinaayi) automobile laber board nirthalaakkaanum sammathichirunnuvenkila, rich berg bhooripakshathe marikadannu roosvelttine nilavile avastha thudaraan prerippichu. thozhilaalli unionukalum enn. aarr. eiii. jeevanakkarum roshakularaayi. ennirunnaalum, 1935 leeii vasanthakaalath deseeya vyavasaya veendedukkal bordinte chairman sthaanam thurannappol, thozhilaallikalum mikka rooswelt upadeshtaakkalum puthiya chairmaanaayi rich bergine niyamikkaan roosvelttinodu aavasyappedaan asooyayode sammathichu. 1935 juun 15 nuu sooryaasthamayam kaaranam neera vannathode, rich berg niyamatthinte punarnirnayatthinulla saadhyatha mechappeduthunnathinaayi enn. aarr. eiii punasamghadippikkaanulla padhathikalumaayi munnott pooyi. ennaal 1935 meyy 27nuu yuu.ezz. sketcher kozhi korppareshan" enna niyamatthinte onnaam padavi bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennu supreme kodathi vilayiruthi. vii. yunaittad stetts, "295 yuu.ezz. 495 (1935), eee vishayam vivaadamaakki. oru severability closs enaarine oru paridhivare pravartthanam thudaraan praapthamakki, pakshe athinte niyanthrana pravarthanangalil bhooribhaagavum ippol saadhyamalla. 1935 juun 15nuu president rooswelt board avasanippikkukayum pakaram oru administrette niyamikkukayum cheythu. richberg pittennu raajivachu.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
vardhichuvarunna yaadhaasthithikathayum thozhil virudha manobhaavangalum niyamapariseelanavum ezhuthum richberginte pilkkala jeevithathe adayaalappeduthi. 1936ll washingtonil svanthamaayi niyamasthaapanam sthaapikkaan addeham shramichu.sii.ennaal ithu parajayappettu. davis, richberg, beeb, bassic, richaardson ennee perukal sweekaricha nilavilulla oru sthaapanathil addeham chernnu. niyamanirmmaanatthinte karadu thayyarakkunnathil vaidagdhyamullathinaal kongras amgangal addehavumaayi idaykkide koodiyaalochikkukayum taaftt-hartley act rachikkunnathil pradhana punk vahikkukayum cheythu. 1956ll virgenia general asambliyil avatharippicha oru bill ezhuthaan addeham sahayichu, athu school vibhajanam nirtthumaayirunnu. 1949 muthal 1952 vare addeham yooniversitti oof virgenia school oof loyil lakchararaayirunnu.
donald richberg 1960 november 27 nuu virjeeniyayile charlottasvilleyile veettil vachu antharichu.
ezhuthukal.
rich berg vyaapakamaayi prasidheekaricha upanyasakanum novelistum kaviyum noonn-fiction ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu. addehathinte kooduthal ariyappedunna pusthakangalil iva ulppedunnu
smoke dreams" enna janapriya gaanavum addeham rachichu."

