gamelan gong kebyar

indoneshyayile balinese gamalan samgeethathinte oru shailio vibhaagamo aanu gamalan gong kebyar. "kebyar" ennaal "pottitherikkuka allengil pottitherikkuka" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu, ithu shailiyude swabhaava savisheshathayaaya vegathayileyum chalanathmakathayileyum spodanaathmaka maattangale soochippikkunnu.
pelog selisir" (7-toonn pelog skeyilinte tonukal 1,2,3,5,6) enna anchu toonn skailil adhishtithamaaya gong kebyar samgeetham, thilangunna shabdangal, syncopationukal, shabda niratthile pettennullathum kramanugathavumaaya mattangal, chalanathmakatha, vegatha, uchaarana reethi, kottekan ennariyappedunna sankeernavum poorakavumaaya interlocking melodic, rhythmic paattenukal ennivayaal savisheshamaan.
charithram.
1900 kalude thudakkathil vadakkan baaliyilaan gamelan gong kebyar aadyamaayi nilavilundennu rekhappeduthiyittundu. 1915 desemberil north baaliyile jagaragayil nadanna oru gamelan gong malsarathilaayirunnu aadyathe pothuparipaadikal.
dweep adhiniveshathethudarnnu, dutch adhiniveshakkaar anthaaraashtra vimarsanangalodu prathikarichu saamskaarika sthaapanangal nirmmichu. randaam lokamahaayudhathil japanese sainyam avarude bharanam avasaanippikkunnathuvare avar eee malsarangal sponsor cheythu.
mathaparavum saamskaarikavumaaya praadhaanyam.
dweep-wide arts malsarangalkku purame, gamelan gong kebyar aadhunika baali hindu chadangukalude oru pradhana bhaagamaayi mariyirikkunnu. kshethrangalude vaarshika janmadina chadangukal, "odalan", athupole pradhana avadhi divasangal ennivaykku vishudha nrithangalude anubandhamaayi avaa aavasyamaanu. manushyajeevithathe kendreekarichulla vivahangal polulla "puthra manusia" enna aachaarangalkkum avaa anuyojyamaanu.
upakaranangal.
gamelan gong kebyaarile upakaranangal aazhameriya gong muthal oru gangsayile ettavum uyarnna thacol vareyulla anchu okdevukal vare vaividhyamaarnna pichukalum timberukalum vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. uyarnna attathe "thulachukayaral" ennum thaazhnna attathe "kuthichuyarukayum susthiramaakkukayum cheiyunnu" ennum drummukale "thelichamullathu" ennum visheshippikkaam. kebyar upakaranangal palappozhum jodikalaayi allengil "lingabhedam" ullavayayi tharamthirickunnu."oro jodiyilum oru aann, penn upakaranangal adangiyirikkunnu, penn alpam valuthum pichil alpam thaazheyullathumaan. "kooduthal vivarangalkk eee lekhanathile tuning vibhaagam kaanuka."
qee upakaranangal.
kebyaarile mikka upakaranangalum keed metalophonukalaanu, venkala thacolukal mulla resonatorukalkku mukalil thookkiyirikkunna cordukalil vishramikkunnu. upakaranagalkk palappozhum alankaricha thadi frameukal undu. 13-14 kalikkaar adangunna ettavum valia vibhagamaanu gamelan gong kebyaarile gangsa vibhaagam. pangul gangsa" ennu vilikkunna oru maalat upayogichaanu gangsa upakaranangal vaayikkunnath. upakaranavum athinte vyapthiyum anusarichu maalat kaadinyatthil vyathyaasappedunnu. thacol thaazhe ninnu mukalilekkum idathuninnu valathottum krameekarichirikkunnu. thacol oru kaiyil chuttika kondu adikkukayum maruvashathu viralum randaamathe kaithandayum upayogichu nanaykkukayum cheiyunnu. moonnu vazhikalil onnil keekal play cheyyaam
oru samgeethakkashanathinte adisthaana raagathil ("pocock" allengil maratthinte thumbikkai) gangsa upakaranangal vipulamaaya alankaarangal (pookkal) vaayikkunnu. gong kebyar shailiyude spodanaathmakamaaya vikaaram pradhaanamaayum eee upakaranangalude chalanathmaka shreniyil ninnaan uruthirinjathu, avayude thilakkamullathum moorchayullathumaaya tonukalkku mriduvum maduravum muthal angeyattam uchathilum aakramanathmakamaayum evideyum shabdamundaakkaan kazhiyum. oro lingabhedamulla purusha/sthree jody gangsa rund interlocking melodic bhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu, "polos" (kooduthalum beettil play cheiyunnu), "sangsih" (kooduthalum beettil play cheiyunnu), ithu valare vegathilum, kalaarangathum, sankeernamaaya paattenukalilum play cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu.
gangsa kaanthilan.
kebyaaril rund aankuttikalum rund penkuttikalum ulppede naalu kaanthilangalundu. "eee lekhanathile lingabhedam varuthiya upakaranangal kaanuka."eee upakaranangal kebyar koottatthile ettavum uyarnna shabdamaanu, athinte ettavum uyarnna swaram c7 nuu chuttumullathaanu. ithinu patthu thaakkolukalum rund ashtakangalude shreniyum undu, ithu oru thadi chuttika upayogichu vaayikkunnu. kalikkaar palappozhum eee upakaranam vaayikkaan tharayil irikkaarundu.
gangsa pemade.
rund purushanmaarum rund sthreekalum ulppede naalu amgangalundu. eee upakaranagalkk patthu thaakkolukalum rund ashtakangalude shreniyum undu, avaa oru thadi maalat upayogichu vaayikkunnu, pakshe kaanthilanekkaal krithyamaayi oru ashtakathil kuravaanu. kalikkaar palappozhum eee upakaranam vaayikkaan tharayil irikkaarundu.
ugal.
kebyar koottatthil palappozhum oru "ugal" maathrame undaakoo, athu saadhaaranayaayi sthreekalaanu. samghathile nethaakkaliloraalaanu ithu avatharippikkunnath. randaamathethu, chilappol aann ugal upayogikkunnu. ugalinu mattu gaangsayekkaal uyaramundu, kalikkaaran oru cheria stoolil irikkunnu, athinaal kalikkaarane eluppathil koottatthe drishyaparamaayi kyoo cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu. rund ashtakangalude shreniyulla 10 thaakkolukalum eee upakaranathil undu, ithu mattethinekkaal alpam valuthum saadhaaranayaayi adhika alankaarangalumulla oru kadinamaaya thadi maalat upayogichu vaayikkunnu, athinaal nethaavinte chilappol naadaka soochanakal sajeevamaayi velicham pidikkunnu. athinte nottukal aksharathekkaal okdevu kuravaanu. ugalukal gangsa bhaagangalum soochanakalum, melodic solokalum, antharleenamaaya raagavum, thazhachuvalarunnathum ennivayude samyojanam avatharippikkunnu. aadyathethu, frond ugal soochanakalum pooloo interlocking gangsa bhaagatthinte gadakangalum (beettil kooduthal thavana kalikkunna bhagam), randaamathe ugal undengil, athu sangasih bhaagatthinte gadakangal kalikkunnu (gangsa palappozhum beettil ninnu nottukal).
jubelag.
jegoginekkaal uyarnna pitch aanu (allengil; bandhapetta sailophon kaanuka). jegog pole eee upakaranathinum neenda prathidhwanikkunna mulla tubeukal aavasyamaanu, athinaal oru cheria stoolil irikkumbol palappozhum vaayikkunnu, koodaathe oru sthree/purusha jody adangiyirikkunnu. eee upakaranagalkk oru ashtakathinte shreniyundu, athinidayilum. chilathinu anchu thaakkolukalund (1,2,3,5,6) ennaal ezhu pradhana "jubelag" saadhaaranayaayi baaliyil kaanapedunnu (ennirunnaalum gong kebyar ensembilukal saadhaaranayaayi pelog selisir skeyil maathram upayogichu 4,7 nottukal upayogikkunnilla). ithu saadhaaranayaayi "pokkokkinte" upagunithangalil play cheiyunnu; thacolukal "jegoganinekkaal" kooduthal idaykkide adikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi "ugalinekkaal" ("pocock" play cheiyunnathu) kuravaanu. jubelag" bhagam palappozhum poornnamaaya "pocock" aanu, athesamayam "ugal" bhaagath chila alankaarangalum thazhachuvalarunnathum ulppedunnu; ennirunnaalum, "jubelag" poornnamaaya kebyar sequenceukal play cheiyunnilla, udaaharanathinu. eee upakaranam "jegagan" ennathinekkaal mukalilulla oru ashtakamaanu, koodaathe "ugal" ennathumaayi svarangal ovarlaappu cheiyunnu.
jogan.
kebyaaril rund "jegagan" (dainamdina samsaarathil "jegog" ennu churukki) undu, oru purushan oru sthriyum. eee upakaranagalkk anjilonnu shreniyundu, avaa jublaginu thaazheyulla oru ashtakamaanu. thacol mattu "gangsa" kalekkaal valare valuthaanu, koodaathe valia, thuni pooshiya, rubber pothinja golaakrithiyilulla maalat upayogichaanu kalikkunnathu. jegogan samghathile ettavum aazhathilulla tyoon cheytha svarangal vaayikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi aaa raagathinte oro swarathinum pakaram oru samgeethakkashanathinte adisthaana raagathil pradhana svarangal vaayikkunnu.
lambamaayi suspended cheytha gong kudumbam.
gongs vyathyastha valuppangalil varunnu, naalo etto beett paatten aavarthichu samgeethathinu padavinyaasatthinu oru ghadana nalkunnu. eee paattenine gong saikkil ennu vilikkunnu. gongukal lambamaayi gadippichirikkunnu.
gong gade.
gong" ennum ariyappedunna "gong gede" aanu ettavum aazhameriyathum ettavum prathidhvanikkunnathumaaya onnu. "baalineesil chilappol 'jide' ennu ezhuthappedunna 'gede' ennaal 'valuth' ennaanu ardham. gongsil ettavum valuth aayathinal ithu kebyaarile ettavum pavitramaaya upakaranamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ithu orikkalum nanaykkappedilla, ellaayppozhum kshayikkaan anuvadikkunnu. athinte aazhathilulla toonn kaaranam, ithu koottatthiloode thulachukayarukayum mailukalolam kelkkukayum cheiyunnu. oru valia, padd maalat kondu ithu adikkappedunnu.
kempur.
oru idatharam valippathilulla gong, "kempur" valare saamyamulla gunangalullathinaal "gong gede" yumayi valare saamyamullathaan, pakshe pichil valare uyarnnathaan (ekadesham oru ashtakavum anchaamathethu uyarnnathum). oru valia, padd maalat kondu ithu adikkappedunnu.
clentong.
kemong" ennum ariyappedunna ithu "kempuri" nekkaal valare cheruthum pichil uyarnnathumayirikkum. gong gede" allengil "kempur" ennivayekkaal kadinamaaya oru maalat kondu ithu adikkappedunnu, ithu moorchayulla akramanam nadatthaan anuvadikkunnu.
kettil gong kudumbam.
kettil gongukal vrithaakruthiyilullathum venkalamullathum pitch cheythathumaanu. avaa palappozhum oru framinte bhaagamaayi suspended cordukalil thirascheenamaayi gadippichirikkunnu. eee reethiyil sthaapichirikkunnathil, thaazhe oru thurassaaya dwaaravum mukalil cheruthaayi valanja villum "booas" ennu vilikkunna oru neendu nilkkunna kendravumundu. kettils thaazhekku ninnu uyarathilekkum idathuninnu valathottum krameekarichirikkunnu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi oru attathu charadil pothinja oru thadi maalat upayogicho (akramanam mrudookarikkaan) allengil maalattinte attatho kalikkunnu, athu nagnavum poortthiyaayathumaaya maramaan. choonduviralukalude vipuleekaranangalaayi oro kaiyilum oru maalat pidikkunnu. naalu parambaraagatha strikkukalundu
frame gadippicha thirashcheena kettil gongs.
reong.
reong" ennum ucharikkappedunna eee upakaranathil oru framil oru variyil thirascheenamaayi gadippichirikkunna 12 kettils adangiyirikkunnu. oororutharum athinte 2 muthal 4 vare kettilukalude utharavaaditham ettedukkunna naalu samgeethajnjaraanu ithu aalapikkunnath. thudarchayaayi irikkunna kalikkaare rund grouppukalaayi thirichirikkunnu, aadyathethu nirayile onnum moonnum kalikkaarum randaamathethu randaamatheyum naalaamatheyum kalikkaarum adangunnathaanu. ore groupile rund aalukalum ore punk vahikkunnu, pakshe oru ashtakathinte eratti verthiriv. group onninteyum group randinteyum bhagangal orumichu kalikkumbol interlocking aanu. reongi" nuu melodic, noonn-melodic percusive rolukal undu.
trompong.
gamelan gong jidi polulla pazhaya vibhagangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnathil "trompong" saadhaaranayaayi kebyaaril upayogikkunnilla. ennirunnaalum, ithu upayogikkumbol, athu prekshakarkku abhimukhamaayi samghathinu munnil sthaapikkunnu. reonginu" samaanamaayi nirmmicha ithil rund ashtakangalude shreniyulla 10 kettils adangiyirikkunnu. ithu oru vyakthi maathrame avatharippikkunnulloo, aaa vyakthi oru cheria stoolil irunnu pradhana meladic line vaayikkunna samghathinte nethaavaayirikkaam. kebyar trompong, kebyar duduk thudangiya nrithangalil oru narthakiyum trompong avatharippikkunnu. upakaranathinte valippam kaaranam, oraalude sthaanam pathukke maattukayum athinte paridhiyude athirukalil athukayum cheiyunna tharatthilaanu eee ganangal rachichirikkunnathu.
vyakthigatha thirashcheena kaii kettil gongs pidichirunnu.
thawa thawa.
madiyil allengil kaiyil pidichu mriduvaaya vrithaakrithiyilulla thala upayogichu oru maalat bosine adikkunna oru cheria kettil aanu "thawa thawa". ithu gong saikkilinte thaalangal kalikkukayum oru paridhivare metronome pole pravartthikkukayum cheiyunnu.
kemply allengil kajar.
oru petti polulla staandil kettiya charadukalkku mukalil sthaapichirikkunna cheria kettilukalaanu avaa. avaa pradhaanamaayum tempo keeping upakaranangalayi upayogikkunnu. reong", "trompong" enniva pole charadukondu pothinja vadi upayogichaanu avaa saadhaaranayaayi kalikkunnathu. kettil bosil adikkukayum maruvashathu nanachu moorchayullathum dryerumaaya shabdam undaakkukayum cheiyunnu.
kelenang.
klenang" ennum ezhuthappettirikkunna ithu valare cheria kettil aanu, ekadesham 5 inch vyaasamullath, onnukil swantham staandil sajjeekarichirikkunnu allengil kaikalil pidikkunnu. ithum oru charadu pothinja vadi upayogichaanu kalikkunnathu. ithu tempoyude oro second beatum kalikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi oaar upayogichu marimari.
kajar.
madiyil pidichu oru kadinamaaya vadi upayogichu kalikkunna oru cheria kettil aanu "kajar". thaalatthinte pradhana bhaagangalilekku "kajar" ucharanam nadathunnu.
praadhamika thaala upakaranangal.
kendang.
chakka maravum pashuvin toppiyum kondu nirmmicha erattathalayulla oru dramaanu kendang. purambhaagam oru vettimattappetta koonn aakruthiyilullathum akathalathinte negatteevu space oru manikkoor glass pole kothivachathumaanu. eee aakruthiyum maranjirikkunna pattakalude sinching pravartthanavum oru drummil rund vyathyasthavum ekadeshavumaaya tuningukal srishtikkunnu. mikka gamalan upakaranangaleyum pole, "kendang" jodiyakkiyirikkunnu valia, leed part penn, "vaadon", matte aann, "lanang". kendang vaadoninullile uparithalangal "lanangil" ullathinekkaal nereyaaya kothiyeduthathaanu, ithu kooduthal anurananeeyavum kuthichuyarunnathumaaya thaalathinu kaaranamaakunnu.
pitch cheytha upakaranagalkk upayogikkunna pichukalkkulla aksharangal pole, "kendanginu" oro strockin motham 14 tharam shabdangal ulppaadippikkunna onomatopoitic samsaarikkunna aksharangalude oru koottam undu. "kendang" kalikkunnathu verum kaikal kondo allengil oru maalat kondu kalikkunnatho aanu. kendang vaadon" kalikkaaran saadhaaranayaayi samghathinte shreniyil onnaamathethunnu, oru conductor pole tempy ooral cuing traansishanukalum krameekarikkunnu.
gong kebyaarile ettavum sankeernamaaya bhagamaanu "kendang" bhagam, pitch cheytha samgeethathinte maanasikaavasthaykkum purogathikkum anuyojyamaaya rapid fayar, syncopated paattenukalude sambannamaaya nighanduvil ninnu varachirikkunnu. lanang" drummer anuyojyamaaya interlocking bhagam niraykkunnathinu utharavaadiyaanu. "kendang" kalikkaarkku athe reethiyil abhimukeekarikkaam, munnil "vaadon", pinnil "lanang".
seng-cheng.
uchaaranam/t̃chaenng t̃chaen/, eee upakaranathil oru framil kettiyirikkunna niravadhi cheruthum overlapping kaithaangukalum adangiyirikkunnu. oru puraana aama baali dveepine purakil vahikkunnathayi parayappedunnathinaal frame palappozhum oru mrugatheppole, saadhaaranayaayi oru aamayeppole kothiyeduthittundu. mulla allengil thunithara kaippidikalulla oru jodi poruthappedunna kaithaangukal kalikkaaran kaivasham vaykkunnu, nischala kaithaangukale vegathilum thudarchayaayi allengil asamamaya ucharanangalil "kendang" allengil "reong" upayogichu adikkunnu.
mriduvaaya raaga upakaranangal.
sooling.
pitch valaykkaan kazhiyunna rund upakaranagalil onnaaya "suling" oru lamba mulla pullaankallaanu. "picolo polulla <1 adii muthal 5 adii vare vividha valuppangalil "suling" varunnu. suling" vibhaagam erattiyaakkukayum raagathe alankarikkukayum cheiyunnu; ettavum uyarnna rajistaraaya "suling" mechappeduthaanulla ettavum swathanthramaaya niyanthranamund. pitch sthiramaaya tonilek nilanirthaan anuvadikkunnathinu kalikkaaran vrithaakruthiyil shwasikkunnu. sundanese "suling" ennathil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya balinese "suling" enna savisheshamaaya oru gunamaanu thaadiyellukalude kramarahithamaya valarchayil ninnum naavinte pravartthanatthil ninnumulla samyojitha vibratto.
"suling" court gaamelante poornnamaaya septattonik tuning nilanirthukayum keed upakaranangalude pitch vidavukalil tonukal axus cheyyaan kazhiyukayum cheiyunnu.
rebab.
ribab" ennathu villu upayogichu kalikkunna oru spike fiddle aanu. metalophonukalaal palappozhum mungimarichathinaal ithu chilappol "kebyaaril" maathrame upayogikkunnulloo. athinte meladic line "suling" nuu samaanamaan, chilappol septattonik skailil pichukalil athunnu. ithinu rund charadukal maathrameyulloo, oru padinjaaran naalilonn verthirikkunnu, athu orikkalum viraladayaalathil sparsikkunnilla. stringle amarthunnathiloodeyo string vashathekku valaykkunnathiloodeyo sliding cheiyunnathiloodeyo stringukal maattunnathiloodeyo nottukal maattaan ithu kalikkaarane anuvadikkunnu.
oru padinjaaran charadu villil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, "rebabinte" villu aazhameriyathum vayola daa gamba pole kaikondu pidichirikkunnathumaanu. pirimurukkam niyantrikkaan kalikkaarante thallaviral mudiyil nerittu sammarddam cheluthunnu.
tuning lingabhedavum.
oru balinese samgeethathilum saadhaarana swaram illa. pothuvaayi paranjaal, oru gamelan gong kebyar samghathile ellah upakaranangalum ore samayam nirmmikkukayum tyoon cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. oro upakaranangalum svayam tyoon cheythirikkunnathinaal, oru upakaranathil ninnu mattoru upakaranathil athu neekkam cheyyukayum pichumaayi poruthappedukayum cheiyunnathu eathaandu asaadhyamaakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eathoru upakaranathilum, upakaranangal lingabhedamullavayaanu, avayude vyakthigatha tuning aaa upakaranathinte lingabhedathe aasrayichirikkunnu.
oru kebyar samghathile mikkavarum ellah upakaranangalum oru purushan sthriyum chernnathaanu. oru jodiyile oro upakaranavum athinte athiraalikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi tyoon cheythirikkunnu, onnu uyarnnathum onnu thaazheyullathum. ore samayam vaayikkunna uyarnna upakaranavum ("pengisep" allengil "inhaler" ennariyappedunnu) thaazhathe upakaranavum ("pengumbang" allengil "exheller" ennariyappedunnu), sahaanubhoothiyulla anurananm vazhi oru beating ephakt () srishtikkukayum mothatthilulla thilangunna, pulsating gunanilavaaram srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu. sthree upakaranam thaazhekku tyoon cheythirikkumbol purusha upakaranam mukalilekku tyoon cheythirikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, oru sthreeyude oru nottu 220 hearts vare tyoon cheythekkaam, athesamayam aann nottu alpam uyarnnu 228 hearts vare tyoon cheythekkaam. chila kebyar ensembilukal tyoon cheythirikkunnathinaal namban ensemple tyoon cheyyappedunnu, angane uyarnna freekwansikalkku beettukal ganyamaayi vegathilaakum, ettavum kuranja "jegog" nottukal ekadesham call-toonn vyathyaasathilaayirikkum. oro jodiyilum oru interlocking bhagam (polos allengil sangsih) sthreekalilum mattonn purusha upakaranathilum ulla interlocking kottekan ganangal oru lingabhedamulla jody gangsa vaayikkum. aaa upakaranathinte randaamathe jody (udha.jii.,) ethir krameekaranam upayogikkunnu, angane oro lingathinteyum oro bhaagavum oru upakaranam play cheiyunnu sthree pooloo, purusha sangsih, sthree sangsih, purusha pooloo, poornna santhulithaavasthaykkaayi.
kebyar samgeetham.
kebyar.
kebyar rachanakalude aamukhavum chila parivartthanangalum adayaalappeduthunna sphodakavasthukkalaaya, pradhaanamaayum meter cheyyaatha vibhagatheyaanu athinte namesake soochippikkunnathu. muzhuvan koottavum oresamayam adikkunna neelamullathum paramavadhi vooliyam ullathumaaya nottukal, swathanthramaayi ring cheiyunna glissandy, naadakeeyamaaya vegathayile mattangal, thaalaparamaaya triple ennivayaal savisheshathayulla vadakkan baaliyile bulelenginte "kebyar legongle" ninnaan eee rachanayude shaili uruthirinjathu.
tabooh kriyasi baaru.
 ("puthiya rachanakal") gamelan gong kebyaarile praadhamika tharam upakarana samgeethamaanu. oro upakarana group ulkkollunna thudarchayaaya bhagangalaal savisheshamaaya avaa irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil "rhapsodic", "ayanja reethiyil nirmmicha" ennivayaayirunnuvenkilum kooduthal staanderd aayi.
gong saikkil.
samgeethathe 4 beett grouppukalaayi thirichirikkunnu, eee muzhuvan thaalachakratheyum gongan ennu vilikkunnu. gongukal gongaane vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkunnu, ettavum valia gongaaya gong ageng gongaante avasaanathe adayaalappeduthunnu, cheria gongukal naalaamatheyo ettaamatheyo beettine adayaalappeduthunnu, ettavum cheria gongukal pulsine roopappeduthunnu.

