
saamuval paarsans

saamuval boonn paarsans juuniyar. (februvari 8,1844-februvari 3,1923) oru american landscape aarkkidekttaayirunnu. american sosaitti oof landscape aarkkitektinte sthaapakanaayum eee thozhil sthaapikkaan sahayichathaayum addeham oormmikkappedunnu.
aadyakaala varshangal.
1844 februvari 8 nuu masaachyusetsile nyoo bedfordil saamuval boonn paarsans esaarinte makalaayi paarsans janichu. (1819-1906), susanne r. houland (1824-1854). 1800 oode manhattanil ninnu flushinglake maarukayum merii bonine (1784-1839) vivaham kazhikkukayum cheytha saamuval paarsansinte (1774-1841) makanaayirunnu addehathinte pithaav. japanese meppilukal irakkumathi cheyyukayum rhododendronukal pracharippikkukayum cheytha aadyatheyaalum pragatbhan prashasthanumaaya oru thottakkachavadakkaaranaayinu addehathinte pithaav. paarsansinu addehathinte praayogika pariseelanavum landscapinginekkur landscape metteeriyalukalekkurim arivum labhichu. aarr. raajnjikale, flushingile pithaavinte nazhsariyude manejaraaya trumpy.
paarsans pinneedu yaale sarvakalashaalayil schoolil pookukayum 1862-ll thathwachinthayil birudam nedukayum athinusesham niravadhi varshangal krishi padikkukayum pariseelikkukayum cheythu. addeham famili nazhsariyilekku madangiyethiyappol, newyork nagaratthile central paarkkinte greensward plaaninte utharavaadithamulla rund prashastha designermaaraaya frederic loow oolmstad, calvert vox enniva vitharanam cheyyaan thudangi. innathe kisena paarkkinullilaan nazhsariyude sthalam, kudumba nazhsariyude bhoomiyude bhooribhaagavum kadannupokunna paarsans boulivaardinu addehathinte peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath.
padhathikal.
paarsans, newyork sitti paarkk departmentinte head landscape aarkkidekttaayappol, paarsans vannu, avar nadeel sooprandinte shambalamillaatha sthaanam etteduthu. 1895-ll voxinte maranashesham, paarsans newyork nagaratthinte puthiya head landscape aarkkitektaayi maarukayum 1911 vare avide thudarukayum cheythu. voxumaayulla paarsansinte pankaalitthatthil, iruvarum greenwich graamatthile abingdon square, christopher street paarkk ennivayulppede niravadhi sradheyamaaya designukal nirmmichu; akkaalat malaria chumanna kothukukal baadhicha central paarkkile ladys kulatthinte punasthaapanam; reverside parkkil graantinte shavakudeeram sthaapikkukayum morningside paarkkinte poorttheekaranavum. aarkkitekt stanford vaittumayi sahakarichu, parsonsum vox washington square paarkkile washington memorial kamaanavum brooklinil prospekt paarkkin sameepamulla grand armi plasa kamaanavum nirmmichu. thangalude bharanakaalathudaneelam paarsanmaar vox prakrithidatha paarkkukalil valare abhiniveshamulla vishwaasiyaanennu shradhichuvenkilum svayam munnott kondupokaan vimukhatha kaanichu.
voxinte maranashesham, paarsans saan diegoyile balbova paarkk (annu sitti paarkk ennariyappettirunnu), north karolinayile ashevilleyile albemarle paarkk roopakalppana cheythu. newyork nagaratthile nicolas paarkk, bronxile vaan courtland parkkinulla oru dutch garden, oru puthiya sabway steshane ulkkollunnathinayi union squarinte punarroopakalppana. paarsan roopakalppanakalude pradhana gunabhoktaavu newyork nagaramaayirunnu; avayil greak shethrangalumaayi saamyamulla niravadhi kulimurikal ulppedunnu. 
1899-ll paarsans moonnu thathwangalude adisthaanathil mattu patthu susthaapitha parisheelakarumaayi chernnu american sosaitti oof landscape aarkkitekts (asla) sthaapichu
1901-1902,1905-1907 ennivayil ninnulla paarsans american sosaitti oof landscape aarkkitektinte presidentaayi sevanamanushtichu.
paarsans thante jeevithathiludaneelam niravadhi maasika lekhanangalum landscape gardaninginekkurichulla kuranjathu aarr pusthakangalum prasidheekarichu. oru thavana maathram oru lakshyam nedunnathinu addeham maadyama prachaaranatthe aashrayichu; central paarkk oof shandy tounukale illaathaakkaan sahaayikkunnathin addeham praadeshika pathrangalude sahayam thedi.
thante professional kariyariludaneelam, manoharamaaya thottangal layippikkanulla kazhivinum thaan roopakalppana cheytha saittukalude "genious lockie" (sthalathinte manobhaavam) thadassappeduthaathe pithaavil ninnu nediya vipulamaaya arivinum paarsans ariyappettirunnu. thante munkaala srishtikal poornnamaayum pakartthaathe thanne thante ellah design projaktukalilum thante design savisheshathakal nilanirthaan addehathinu kazhinju. aadhunikakaala landscape architecture sthaapanathinte sthaapaka pithavaayi addeham thudarunnu, addehathinte roopakalppanakal ippozhum amerikkayiludaneelam, pradhaanamaayum saan diegoyile balbova paarkkilum newyork nagaratthile union squareilum drishyamaanu.
newyork nagarathinu purathulla paarsansinte ettavum sradheyamaaya roopakalppanakal kaaliforniyayile saan diegoyile balbova paarkk, long ailandile pinloon memorial paarkk ennivayaanu.
american chestnut maram.
1900kalude thudakkathinu munbu vadakke amerikkayile kizhakkan vanangalile oro naalu kattiyulla marangalil orennam american chestnut aayirunnu. ookkukaloodoppam mine muthal florida vareyum padinjaaru ohiyo thaazhvara vareyum 80 dasalaksham hector vanathil avaa aadhipathyam pulartthukayum madhyathil rund meter vare uyarathil valarukayum cheythu. chestnattukal chilappol vanathinte adithattil valare uyarathil koodikkoodi aalukal avaye manal kondu valicheriyumaayirunnu. manushyarum vaividhyamaarnna mrugangalum bhakshanathinaayi, prathyekichu shaithyakaalath, samriddhavum eluppathil shekharikkaavunnathumaaya eee vibhavathe aashrayichu.
chestnut marangalkkum kaaryamaaya saambathika moolyamundaayirunnu. chila uthppannangal nirmikkunnathil american marappanikkar mattu vasthukkalekkaal chestnut eshtappettu. bharam kuranjathum azhukk prathirodhikkunnathum, neraaya daanyangal upayogichu pravartthikkaan eluppamullathum, chestnut maram veedukal, kalappurakal, telegraph thoonukal, railway bandhangal, furnitureukal, samgeethopakaranangal enniva nirmmikkaan polum upayogichirunnu.
1876ll paarsans japanese chestnut marangal irakkumathi cheyyukayum avaa pinneedu raajyathudaneelamulla niravadhi samsthaanangalile upabhokthaakkalkk vilkkukayum cheythu. eee kayattumathikalil chilath rogakariyaaya fungus "cryphonctria paarasaitikka" marachuvechu. marangalude thumbikkaiyilekku svayam kettukayum vellathinum poshakangalkkumulla vazhikale thadassappeduthukayum cheythukondu rogam marangale shwaasammuttikkondu marippikkunnu. eshyan chestnut marangal prathirodham vikasippicheduthuve avayude vadakke american bandhukkal chestnut rogathinu valare vidheyaraanu.
1904ll newyork samsthaanathu aadyamaayi kandethiya eee rogaanukkal taamasiyaathe nyoojezhsi, connecticut, masaachyusets, pensylvania ennividangalil kandethi. 50 varshathinullil, "sii. paraannabhojikal "ekadesham naalu bilyan chestnut marangale konnu. american charithratthile ettavum valia paaristhithika duranthangalilonnil eee inam athinte thaddesheeya paridhikkullil eathaandu poornnamaayum vamshanasham cheyyappettittund.