eyar shawar (physics)

oru "praadhamika" cosmic reey (i.) aayirikkumbol anthareekshathil ulppaadippikkunna ionized kanangaludeyum vaidyuthakaanthika vikiranathinteyum vipulamaaya (niravadhi kilometer veethiyulla) cascadeanu eyar shawar.iii. anyagraha uthbhavangalilonn) anthareekshathilekku praveshikkunnu. oru prottoon, nucleus, electron, phottoon allengil (apoorvvamaayi) oru poositroon aayirikkavunna oru kanika vaayuvile oru aattathinte nucleusil adikkumbol athu niravadhi oorjjaswalamaaya hadronukal uthpaadippikkunnu. asthiramaaya hadronukal vaayuvile mattu kanangalayi vegathil shayikkukayum kanika shawar gadakangalude bhagamaaya vaidyuthakaanthika vikiranam undaakukayum cheiyunnu. ex-reey, muevonukal, protonukal, antiprotonukal, alfa kanikakal, pionukal, electronukal, positronukal, neutronukal ennivayulppede dvitheeya vikiranam kurayunnu.
cosmic vikiranathil ninnulla alavu pradhaanamaayum muevonukal, neutronukal, electronukal ennivayil ninnaan, lokathinte vividha bhaagangalil vyathyaasappedunna alavu nirakk, pradhaanamaayum geomagnetic feeld, uyaram, sourachakram ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. itharathilulla vikiranam paramavadhi uyarathil vadakotto dakshinadhruvathilo athikkunna vimana roottukalil pathivayi pravarthikkukayaanenkil airline kroovinu kooduthal cosmic kiranangal labikkum.
1934ll bruno rossie eyar shawar kandethi. 1937ll rosiyude muun reportinekkurichu ariyaatha piyar aggar ithe prathibhasam kandethukayum kurachu vishadamaayi anweshikkukayum cheythu. uyarnna oorjjamulla praadhamika cosmic-reey kanikakal anthareekshathile uyarnna vaayu kendrangalumaayi samvadikkunnuvennum aathyanthikamayi electronukaludeyum bhoothalathilethunna photonukaludeyum oru ozhukkinu thudakkamidunna dvitheeya edapedalukalude oru cascadine thudakkamidunnuvennum addeham nigamanam cheythu. parasparam verthirikkunna dittaktarukal upayogichu cosmic reey nireekshichukondu, niravadhi kanikakal oresamayam dittaktarukalil athumennu rossie thiricharinju. eee prathibhaasatthe ippol eyar shawar ennu vilikkunnu.
eyar shawar roopeekaranam.
praadhamika cosmic kanika vaayu thanmathrayumaayi koottiyidichathinushesham, aadya edapedalukalude pradhana bhagam pionukalaanu. kavonukalum baariyonukalum srishtikkappedaam. pionukal, kaayonukal, kanatha barionukal enniva asthiravum anthareekshathil thaarathamyena uyarnna bharam kuranjathum kooduthal sthirathayullathumaaya kanangalayi shayikkukayum cheiyunnu.
neutral piyons formula _ 1, vaidyutha durbalamaaya prathipravartthanathiloode prakriya formula _ 3-ll ethir karangunna photonukalude jody formula _ 2 aayi kshayikkunnu, uthppaadippikkunna photonukal kooduthal photonukal, protonukal, antiprotonukal, electronukal, positronukal enniva srishtikkunnathiloode oru vaidyuthakaanthika cascade roopappeduthunnu.
charjju cheytha piyon formula 4 durbalamaaya prathipravartthana formula 5, formula 6 ennivayiloode mungananayode myoonukalaayum (aanti) neutrinokalaayum kshayikkunnu, anganeyaan oduvil nilathu athunna myoonukalum neutrinokalum eyar shavaril ulppaadippikkunnathu.
7, 8 ennee formulakalil myoonukal utppaadippikkaan kazhiyunna kaanonukalkkum ithu baadhakamaan, koodaathe kaayonukalkk deyy mooad formula 9 vazhi piyonukalum utppaadippikkaan kazhiyum.
kandethal.
yadhaartha kanika uyarnna oorjjavumaayi athunnu, athinaal prakaashatthinte vegathaykku aduthulla vegatha, athinaal koottiyidi uthppannangal saadhaaranayaayi primeryude athe dishayilekku neengunnu, athesamayam oru paridhivare vashathekku vyaapikkunnu. koodaathe, cherenkov prabhavam kaaranam dvitheeya kanikakal munnottulla dishayil vyapakamaaya prakashaprakaashavum naitrajan thanmaathrakalude uthejanathil ninnu isotropic aayi purathuvidunna fluorescence prakashavum uthpaadippikkunnu. uparithala dittaktar arekalum opttikkal telescopukalum upayogichu kanika cascade anthareekshathil ulppaadippikkunna prakashavum kandethanakum. uparithala dittaktarukal saadhaaranayaayi cherenkov dittaktarukal allengil sinttileshan kaundarukal upayogichu bhoothalathil charjju cheytha dvitheeya kanangale kandethunnu. fluorescence alakkaan upayogikkunna dooradarshinikalum cherenkov prakashavum pmt klasttarukalil prakasham kendreekarikkaan valia kannaadikal upayogikkunnu. avasaanamaayi, geomagnetic feeld electronukaludeyum positronukaludeyum vyathichalanathethudarnnu vaayu mazha radio tharamgangal purappeduvikkunnu. opttikkal saankethikavidyakalekkaal nettamenna nilayil, irundathum thelinjathumaaya raathrikalil mathramalla, muzhuvan samayavum radio kandethal saadhyamaan. angane, niravadhi aadhunika pareekshanangal, udha.jii.taiga, lofar allengil piyar oogar obsarvettari enniva kanika dittaktarukalkkum opttikkal teknikkukalkkum purame radio aantinakal upayogikkunnu.
charjju cheytha kanangalude ennathinte rekhamsha profile gaiser-hillas function upayogichu paaraameettar cheyyaan kazhiyum.

