
shiraz

iraanile anchaamathe ettavum janasamkhyayulla nagravum charitraparamaayi paars (), persis ennariyappedunna phaars pravishyayude thalasthaanavumaanu shiraz (;). 2016leeii deseeya sensus prakaram, nagaratthile janasamkhya <aii. dii. 1> aalukalaayirunnu, koodaathe sadarayulla athinte nirmmitha pradeshathu ekadesham <aii. dii. 2> nivaasikal undaayirunnu. 2021leeii oru sensus prakaram nagaratthile janasamkhyayil <aii. dii. 1> aalukalude vardhanayundaayi. thekkupadinjaaran iraanile seasonal nadiyilaanu shiraz sthithi cheiyunnathu. aadya islaamika kaalaghattatthil sthaapithamaaya eee nagaram mithamaaya kaalaavasthayullathum ayiram varshathilereyaayi oru praadeshika vyapara kendravumaanu.
bii. sii. iii 2000 leeii elamite kaliman falakangalilaanu eee nagaratthe "tirasish" ennu aadyakaala paramarsham. aadhunika nagaram sassanian rajavamsham sthaapikkukayum 693 sii. iii. yill umayyad khilaafat punasthaapikkukayum yathaakramam onpathaam noottaandilum patthaam noottaandilum thudarchayaaya iranian safarid, baiyid raajavamshangalude keezhil pramukhamaayi valarukayum cheythu. 13-aamm noottaandil, athinte bharanaadhikaariyude prothsaahanavum niravadhi pershyan pandithanmaarudeyum kalakaaranmaarudeyum saannidhyavum kaaranam shiraz kalayudeyum aksharangaludeyum oru pramukha kendramaayi maari. iraanile rund prashastha kavikalaaya haphus, saadi ennivar shirazil ninnullavaraan, avarude shavakudeerangal nilavile nagara athirthiyude vadakku bhagathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
kavikaludeyum saahithyathinteyum pookkaludeyum nagaram ennariyappedunna iraanile ettavum mikacha vinodasanjaara nagarangalilonnaan shiraz. eram garden polulla nagaratthiludaneelam kaanaan kazhiyunna niravadhi poonthottangalum pazhavrikshangalum ullathinaal pala iraanikalum ithine poonthottangalude nagaramaayi kanakkakkunnu. lokathile prashasthamaaya oru vinodasanjaara kendram koodiyaanu shiraz. ellah varshavum niravadhi vinodasanchaarikal lokamembaadum shiraz sandarshikkaan athunnu. charitraparamaayi pradhana jootha, kristhyan samoohangal shirazil undaayirunnu. thrikonaakrithiyilulla mosaik varkk, vellippaathrangal, gramangalilum gothrangalilum vilikkappedunna kilim neythum, paravatani neythum enniva ulppedunnathaanu shiraasinte karakaushala vasthukkal. simant, panchasaara, valangal, thunithara uthppannangal, thadi uthppannangal, lohappani, raggukal ennivayude uthppaadanam nagaratthile pradhana vyavasayangalil ulppedunnu. iraanile electronic vyavasaayangalude pradhana kendramaaya shirazinu oru pradhana enna shudheekaranashaalayumundu iraante electronic nikshepathinte 53 sathamaanavum shirasilaanu kendreekarichirikkunnathu. iraanile aadyathe sourorjja nilayathinte aasthaanamaanu eee nagaram. aduthide, shiraasinte aadyathe wind turbine nagaratthinaduthulla babakuhi parvathathinu mukalil sthaapichu.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
 shabdaparamaayi, ithu/tiračis/allengil/chiračis/ennu vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu. eee peru pazhaya pershyan/сираягис/aayi maari; pathiv shabda maattatthiloode aadhunika pershyan peru "shiraz" varunnu. nagarathinu kizhakkayi randaam noottaandile seey sassanid avashishtathil ninnu kandethiya kaliman mudrakalilum shiraz enna peru kaanapedunnu. chila thaddesheeya ezhuthukaar, ferdovsiyude shaanama anusarichu lokathile moonnaamathe shhaa (rajaavu) tahmuranmaarude makanil ninnaan shiraz enna peru uruthirinjathu.
charithram.
islaaminu munbulla kaalam.
ezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathinu munbu athinte asthithvathekkurichu krithyamaaya rekhakalonnumillenkilum, 1933 muthal athinusheshamulla chila puraavastu kandethalukal soochippikkunnathu shiraasinte sthalamo parisaramo bisi aaram noottaandil thanne islaaminu munbulla kaalaghattatthil sthirathaamasamaakkiyathaakaam ennaanu. kizhakk barm-iii delakkilum vadakkupadinjaaru gayimilum kothupanikalum kizhakk khasru-iii abu naasarilum fahandeshilum ulla sassanian kottakalude avashishtangalum ulppede niravadhi hakhmaanish, sassanian kaalaghatta avashishtangal nagarathinu chuttum kandethiyittundu. patthaam noottaandile bhoomishaasthraparamaaya kruthiyaaya "hudud alle-aalam" shirazil undennu paraamarshichirikkunna shahmobad kottayumaayi randaamathethu thirichariyappedunnu. khasru-iii-abu naasaril ninnu kandethiya sassanian, aadyakaala islaamika kaalaghattatthile kaliman mudrakalil pradeshathe sassanian bharana jillayaya ardashir-khwarayude perinoppam "shiraz" enna perum paraamarsikkunnu. nayathanthranjanum academic vidagthanumaaya joonn limbertinte abhipraayathil, ithu soochippikkunnathu "shiraz" enna peru elamite "shirasish" ennathil ninnaan, randum khasru-iii-abu naasarinte sthalathu nilaninnirunna oru vaasasthalatheyaanu soochippikkunnathu. 
purathana shiraz eathutharam vaasasthalamaayirunnu ennathinte vyaakhyaanangal vyathyasthamaayirunnu. berney ring parayunnathanusarichu, aadyakaala pershyan srothassukalil shirasinekkurichulla paraamarshangalude abhavam soochippikkunnathu nagaram sthithicheyyunna samathalathile oru way steshanekkaal kooduthal aakaan kazhiyumaayirunnilla ennaanu. maruvashathu, abdulmajed arfeyude abhipraayathil, achemenid kaalaghattatthile shiraz eee pradeshathe ettavum pradhanappetta vaasasthalangalilonnaayirin. persepolis administrative aarkkaivukalil (84 vyathyastha tabletukal) pathivayi prathyakshappedunnathintu 490 vare valia grouppukalilaayi hajarakunna thozhilaallikalude ennathinteyum adisthaanathilaanu addeham ithu adisthaanamaakkiyirikkunnath. shirasinekkurichulla mikka vaachaka paraamarsangalilum thozhilaallikalkulla ration ulppedunnu; ithu orikkalum oru yatra lakshyasthaanamaayi paraamarshichittilla. aadya islaamika kaalaghattatthil punasthaapikkunnathinu munbu sassanian shiraz thaarathamyena apradhaanamaayirunnuvennu arfee parayunnu. ennirunnaalum, joonn limbertinte abhipraayathil, sii. iii. aaram noottaandinum ettaam noottaandinum idayil shiraz abhivridhi praapikkukayum aadhunika nagaramaya shiraz sthaapikkappedunnathuvar shiraz samathalathinte bharanakendramaayirikkum cheythu.
aadyakaala islaamika yugam.
693ll khaleefayude kizhakkan pakuthiyile umayyad vaisroyiyaaya alle-hajjaj ibnu yousufinte sahodaranaaya mohammed ibnu yousuf alle-takhaafiyo allengil randaamante bandhuvaya mohammed ibnu khaasimo aanu ippozhathe shiraz nagaram sthaapikkukayo punasthaapikkukayo cheythath. arab muslim sainyam 640 num 653 num idayil avarude gaarisan pattanamaya basrayil ninnu aarambhicha niravadhi paryaveshanangalil shiraz sthithicheyyunna vishalamaaya phaars pradesham keezhadakkukayum 641-ll shirazinu chuttumulla pradesham prathyekamaayi pidichedukkukayum cheythu. arabikalkku kappam nalkaan nirbandhithamaaya niravadhi kottakal undaayirunnuvenkilum eee pradeshathinu nagarangalonnum undaayirunnilla. 653ll shiraz samathalathe arab camp groundaayi upayogichirunna oru kanatha yudhathil arabikal athu pidichedukkunnathuvare sasaniyakkaar avarude thalasthaanamaaya isthaakharil urachuninnu. sassanian saamraajyavumaayum sorastrian mathavumaayum isthaakharinu aazhathilulla bandham ullathinaal arabikal aduthulla shirazil oru ethiraaliyaaya saamskaarika, bharana kendram sthaapikkaan shramichu. angane, 693-ll athinte prarambha sthaapana samayat, nagaram isfahaanekkaal valare valuthayirikkaan padhathiyittirunnu. ennirunnaalum, prarambha abhilaashangal saakshaathkarikkappedaathil onpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare isthaakharinte nizhalil shiraz oru "pravishya kaayal" aayi thudarnnuvennu limbert parayunnu. islaamika arab nagaratthil vasikkaan valia thothil sorestrian janasamkhyayulla faarmaarude mounam ithinu bhaagikamaayi kaaranamaakunnu. janasamkhya kramena sorastrianism muthal islaamilekku maarukayum isthaakh oresamayam kurayukayum cheythathode shiraz faarmaarude praayogika kendramaayi valarnnu.
muslim parambaraagatha srothassukal anusarichu, shiah muslim imam alii alle-ridhayude moonnu sahodaranmaar shirazine oru olithavalamaayi upayogichu, pinneedu sahodaraputhranmaaril oralaaya alii ibn hamsa ibnu moosa addehathe abazid adhikaarikal kandethukayum vadikkukayum cheiyunnathuvare. eee kaalayalavil abbazid adikaaram illaathaayathode, praadeshika rajavamshangal ganyamaaya svayambharanathode uyarnnuvannu. onpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, yaa 'kkb ibn alle-laathinte keezhilulla iranian musleem safarid rajavamsham aadhunika iraante bhooribhaagavum ulkkollunna avarude svayambharana samsthaanathinte thalasthaanamaayi shirazine maatti. 894ll yaa 'kvibinte sahodaran pingaamiyumaaya aamar nagaratthile aadyathe sabhaa palli sthaapichu, innu athu athig jaam palli ennariyappedunnu.
imad alle-daula alii ibnu buvyayude keezhilulla iranian baiyid rajavamsham 933-ll safaaridukale puratthaakkukayum addehathinte anantharavan pingaamiyumaaya addul-daula phaana khusro 949 num 983 num idayil phaars ettedukkukayum bharikkukayum 977-ll abbazid khilaafathinte aasthaanamaaya iraakhine shiraz aasthaanamaayulla domainukalilekku cherkkukayum cheythu; athinusesham abbaasidukal shiraz aasthaanamaayulla raajavamshathinte oru paava samsthaanamaayi maari. faarsukalude ettavum valuthum sambannavumaaya nagaramayum khaleefayude oru pradhana saambathika, saamskaarika kendramaayum shiraz vikasichu. adud alle-daavlaykk oru valia library oru ashupatriyum niravadhi pallikalum basaarukalum kaaravanserikalum kottaarangalum poonthottangalum nagaratthil nirmmichirunnu, athesamayam athinte thekk addeham 974 ll thante sainikarkkaayi kardh phaana khusro ennariyappedunna oru kottakettya camp sthaapichu. adud alle-dawla nirmmicha sabhaa pallikalilonnu innuvare nilanilkkunnu. islaamilekku parivartthanam cheyyaatha pershyakkaarude aavasyangal niravettunna rund sorostrian agnikshethrangalum shirazil nilavilundaayirunnu. 360 murikalulla, ekadesham moonnu mile neelamulla, addul-daavlayude kottarangalilonnu.
bideukalkku keezhil, shiraz panthrand kwaarttezhsukalaayi vibhajikkappedukayum ettu kavaadangal undaayirikkukayum cheythu. faarsukalude valarnnuvarunna kaarshika vyaapaaramaanu athinte saambathika samrudhiykku kaaranam. munthirippazham, linan, kambili, parutthi, kooliyam, rooss, violet, eenthappana ennivayulppedeyulla pravishyayile kaarshika ulppannangalaanu nagaram pradhaanamaayum upayogichirunnathu. rugg neythukaarkkum chithrakaaranmaarkkum avarude vilayeriya uthppannangal vilkkanulla oru vipani koodiyaayirunnu ithu, ithu thaamasakkaarude sambathinte thelivaanu. akkaalat, veenju, daanyangal, svarnnam, velli enniva farcy thuramukha nagarangalaya syruff, najairam ennividangalil ninnu kayattumathi cheythirunnu. shirazile shaasthreeyavum vaidyashaasthraparavum islaamikavumaaya matha gaveshanangale addul-davala samrakshichu.
praadeshika bharanadhikaari chenkis khaanu adaranjali arppikkukayum keezhadangukayum cheythappol aakramanakaarikalaaya mangoliyar nagaratthe nasippikkaathe rakshichu. 1382ll praadeshika rajaavaaya shhaa shoja aakramanakaariykk keezhadangan sammathichappol shirazine veendum tamerlain rakshichu. 13-aamm noottaandil, shiraz athinte bharanaadhikaariyude prothsaahanavum niravadhi pershyan pandithanmaarudeyum kalakaaranmaarudeyum saannidhyavum kondu kalayudeyum aksharangaludeyum oru pramukha kendramaayi maari. ekkaaranathaal shaasthreeya bhoomishaasthranjar nagarathinu arivinte bhavanamaaya "dhaar alle-elm" ennu perittu. iranian kavikalilum, shirazil janicha misttikkukalilum, thathwachinthakarilum kavimaraya saadi, haphis, mistik ruzbehan, thathwachinthakanaaya mullah sadra ennivar ulppedunnu. athinaal shirazinu "iraanile ethans" ennu vilipperu nalkiyittundu.
pathinonnam noottaandil thanne lakshakkanakkin aalukal shirazil adhivasichirunnu. pathinalam noottaandil shirazil arupathinayiram nivaasikalundaayirunnu. pathinaram noottaandil 200,000 janasamkhyayulla ividam pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathode 55,000 aayi kuranju.
safavid yugam.
1504ll safavid raajavamshathinte sthaapakanaaya ismaayil onnaamante sainyam shirazine pidikoodi. safavid saamraajyathiludaneelam (1501-1722) shiraz oru pravishya thalasthaanamaayi thudarnnu, shhaa abbas onnaamante keezhilulla phaar gavarnaraaya imam koolii khaan saamraajyathinte thalasthaanamaaya isfahaanil athe kaalayalavil nirmmicha athe shailiyil niravadhi kottaarangalum alankaricha kettidangalum nirmmichu. safaavidukalude pathanathinushesham, afghan aakramanangalum nadir shaaykkethiraaya govarnorude kalapavum moolam vashalaaya oru kaalaghattam shirazinu neridendivannu; randaamathethu kalaapathe adichamarthaan sainyathe ayachu. nagaram maasangalolam uparodhikkukayum oduvil kollayadikkappedukayum cheythu. 1747ll nather shaayude kolapaathakasamayathu nagaratthile charitraparamaaya mikka kettidangalum kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayo nasippikkappedukayo cheyyukayum pathinaram noottaandil janasamkhyayude naalilonn 50,000 aayi kurayukayum cheythu.
1762ll karim khaan sandinte bharanathin keezhil shiraz taamasiyaathe samrudhiyilekku madangi, addeham athine thante thalasthaanamaakki. 12,000-thiladhikam thozhilaallikale niyamichu, oru kotta, niravadhi bharana kettidangal, oru palli, iraanile ettavum mikacha moodappetta basaarukalilonn ennivayulla oru rajakeeya jilla addeham nirmmichu. nagarathinu chuttum addeham oru kuzhal nirmmikkukayum jalasechana, drainage samvidaanam nirmmikkukayum nagara mathilukal punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, karim khaante anantharaavakaashikalkku addehathinte nettangal urappikkanaayilla. khajaar raajavamshathinte sthaapakanaaya agaa mohammed khaan oduvil adhikaarathil vannappol, nagaratthinte kottakal nasippichum deseeya thalasthaanam tehranilekku maattiyum addeham shirasinode prathikaram cheythu. pravishya thalasthaanamaayi thaazhekku thaazhnnuvenkilum pershyan gulfilekkulla vyapara paathayude thudarchayaaya praadhaanyatthinte falamaayi shiraz samriddhiyude oru nilavaaram nilanirtthi. athinte govarnor padavi khajar raajavamshathiludaneelam oru rajakeeya adhikaaramaayirunnu. eee samayat nirmmicha niravadhi prashasthamaaya poonthottangal, kettidangal, thaamasasthalangal enniva nagaratthinte innathe aakaasharekhaykku sambhavana nalkunnu.
bahaay vishwaasathinte sahasthaapakanaaya baabinte (sayyid alii mohammed, 1819-1850) janmasthalamaanu shiraz. 1844 meyy 22 nuu vaikunneram eee nagaratthilvechu addeham oru puthiya divya velipaadinte vaahakanayi thante dauthyam aadyamaayi prakhyaapichu. ekkaaranathaal shiraz bahaayikalude oru vishudha nagaramaan, eee nagaram, prathyekichu baabinte veedu, theerthaadana sthalamaayi thiricharinju. iraanile bahaayikalodulla prathikoola kaalavastha kaaranam, veedu aavarthichulla aakramanangalude lakshyamayirunnu; 1979 ll veedu nasippikkappettu, rund varshathinu sesham ithu oru pothu chathuppayi maattum.
1910ll juthanmaar oru musleem penkuttiye aachaaraparamaayi kolappeduthiyathaayi pracharicha vyaajavaarthakale thudarnnu jootha vibhaagathile oru vamshahathya aarambhichu. kalaapathinidayil 12 juthanmaar kollappedukayum 50 oolam perkku parikkelkkukayum shirazile 6,000 joothanmaarude ellah swathukkalum kollayadikkappedukayum cheythu.
pahlavi raajavamshathinte kaalath shiraz veendum shradhaakendramaayi maari. kavimarkkulla shavakudeerangalaaya saadi, haphis thudangiya niravadhi pradhana landmarkkukal nirmmikkukayum pothujanagalkk munnil avatharippikkukayum cheythu.
1979leeii viplavathinushesham janasamkhya ganyamaayi vardhichuvenkilum valia vyaavasaayika, matha, thanthraparamaaya praadhaanyamillaatha shiraz oru bharana kendramaayi maari.
aadhunika kaalam.
nagaratthile munisippaalittiyum mattu anubandha sthaapanangalum punarudhaarana, punarnirmmaana padhathikalkku thudakkamittu.
karim khaante aarginteyum vakkeel baathinteyum poornnamaaya punasthaapanavum pazhaya nagara kwaarttezhsinte samrakshanathinulla samagra padhathiyumaanu ettavum puthiya padhathikalil chilath. allahu-uu-akbar malayidukkil sthithi cheiyunna khuraan gettinteyum kavi khwaaju kermaniyude shavakudeerathinteyum samboornna naveekaranavum prashastha shirazil janicha kavikalaaya haafisinteyum saadiyudeyum shavakudeerathinte punarudhaaranavum vipuleekaranavum mattu sradheyamaaya samrambhangalil ulppedunnu.
nagaratthinte adisthaana soukaryangal naveekarikkunna niravadhi vyathyastha nirmmaana padhathikal nilavil nadannuvarikayaanu.
iranian viplavathinushesham, iranian kalayudeyum samskaarathinteyum thalasthaanamaayi shiraz janangalkkidayil veendum sthaapikkappettu. pershyan kalayudeyum samskaarathinteyum saahithyathinteyum thalasthaanamaayi shiraz ariyappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, shahcherag shethratheyum nagaratthile mattu chila punyasthalangaleyum paraamarshichu "vishudharude moonnaamathe veedu" ennartham varunna "sevomin harram-iii ahle bait" ennu nagaratthe punarnaamakaranam cheyyaan nilavile sarkkar sramichittundu.
bhoomishaasthram.
iraante thekkum phaars pravishyayude vadakkupadinjaarum bhagathaanu shiraz sthithi cheiyunnathu. samudranirappil ninnu uyarnna sagros parvathanirakalude thaazhvaarathulla oru pachappulla samathalathilaan ithu nirmmichirikkunnathu. tehraninu thekkaanu shiraz.
oru seasonal nadiyaaya varanda nadhi nagaratthinte vadakkan bhaagathukoodi maharloo thadaakathilekku ozhukunnu. 1920 leeii kanakkanusarichu eee pradeshathu ookku marangalude oru valia vanamundaayirunnu.
poonthottangal.
shirazil ganyamaaya ennam poonthottangalundu. nagaratthile janasamkhya vardhanavu kaaranam, puthiya sambhavavikaasangalkk vazhiyorukkunnathinaayi eee poonthottangalil palathum nashtamaayekkam. eee poonthottangal samrakshikkaan munisippaalitti chila nadapadikal sweekarichittundengilum niravadhi niyamaviruddha sambhavavikasangal ippozhum avaye apakadatthilaakkunnu.
kaalavastha.
shiraasinte kaalaavasthaykku vyathyasthamaaya rithukkalundu, mothatthil ithu oru thanutha ardha varanda kaalaavasthayaayi (copen kalavastha vargeekaranam "bii. ezz. keey") tharamthirickunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu choodulla ardha varanda kaalaavasthayekkaal alpam kuravaanu. venalkkaalam choodullathaanu, joolaiyil sharashari uyarnna thaapanilayaan. desemberilum januvariyilum sharashari kuranja thaapanila freesingil thazheyaaya shaithyakaalam thanuthathaanu. ellah varshavum mazhayude alavu eathaandu poornnamaayum shaityakaala maasangalil kurayunnu, ennirunnaalum chila sandarbhangalil ithu oru maasathinullil kuranju (1965 januvariyilum 2004 desemberilum pole), athesamayam 1965 juulai muthal 1966 juun vareyulla varshathil mazhayude alavu kuravaayirunnu. ettavum eerppamulla varsham 1955/1956 aayirunnu, 1959 muthal ettavum uyarnna varsham 1995/1996,2004/2005 ennivayil oronnilum aayirunnu. shiraasinte uyarnna uyaravum thaazhnna akshaamshavum kaaranam, venalkkaalath yuvi soochika valare uyarnnathaan, ithu sooryaprakaashathinte uyarnna aavruthi kooduthal vashalaakkunnu.
thaarathamyena varanda kaalaavasthayilaanenkilum, kadutha kaalavastha oru apoorva sambhavamalla. 2019 march 25nuu kanatha mazhayil undaaya vellappokkathil 19 perr marikkukayum 200ladhikam perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
ettavum uyarnna record thaapanila 2022 juulai 3num ettavum kuranja record thaapanila 1973 januvari 5numaanu rekhappeduthiyathu.
sambadghadana.
thekkan iraante saambathika kendramaanu shiraz. pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil shiraasinte sambadvyavasthaye valareyadhikam maattimaricha chila saambathika sambhavavikaasangalkk saakshyam vahichu. 1869ll syoos kanal thurannathode europil ninno india vazhiyo kuranja chelavil europian faaktariyil nirmmicha charakkukal thekkan iraanilekku vyaapakamaayi irakkumathi cheyyaan saadichu. abhoothapoorvamaaya ennathil karshakar karupp poppi, pukayila, parutthi thudangiya naanyavilakal nattupidippikkaan thudangi. eee kayattumathi vilakalil palathum pershyan gulfilekkulla vazhiyil shiraasiloode kadannupoyi. faarsil ninnulla iranian deerghadoora vyapaarikal eee charakkukalkkayi vipanana shringalakal vikasippikkukayum bombe, kalkatta, istambul, hongong ennividangalil polum vyapara sthaapanangal sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
munthirippazham, citrus pazhangal, parutthi, arrie enniva ulppedunna pravishya ulppannangalilaanu shiraasinte saambathika adithara. simant uthppaadanam, panchasaara, valangal, thunithara uthppannangal, thadi uthppannangal, lohappani, raggukal thudangiya vyavasaayangalaan aadhipathyam pularthunnathu. shirazinu oru pradhana enna shudheekaranashaalayum undu, koodaathe iraanile electronic vyavasaayangalude oru pradhana kendram koodiyaanithu. iraante electronic nikshepathinte 53 sathamaanavum shirasilaanu.
shirazilum parisaratthum ellaayppozhum sambadvyavasthayude oru pradhana bhagamaanu krishi. chuttumulla marubhoomikalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol jalathinte aapekshikamaya samriddhiyaanu ithinu kaaranam. paravatani uthppaadanathinum pookkalkkum prashasthamaan shiraz. eee pradeshathu vittikkalcharin oru neenda charithramund, shirazi veenju ivide uthppaadippichirunnu. ashayavinimayam, electronic vyavasaayam, gathagatham ennivayude iranian kendram koodiyaanu shiraz.
electronics, communication mekhalayile uthppaadanam vardhippikkuka enna lakshyathodeyaanu 2000-ll shiraz special economic soonn athawa sease sthaapithamaayathu.
25-ladhikam maalukalum 10 basaarukalum ulla iraanileyum middle eesttileyum oru pradhana shopping lakshyasthaanamaan shiraz.
nagaratthinte vadakke attathu sthithi cheiyunna pershyan gulf complexes kadakalude ennathinte kaaryatthil lokathile ettavum valia maalaan.
lokathile ettavum pazhakkam chenna basarukalilonnaaya vakkeel basar pazhaya nagaramaya shiraasinte madhyathilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. muttangal, kaaravansaaraikal, kulimuri enniva ulkkollunna ividathe kadakal vividatharam sugandhavyanjanagal, pershyan raggukal, chembu karakaushala vasthukkal, purathana vasthukkal enniva vilkkunnu.
reefa cheyin stors kambaniyaanu nagarathinu sevanam nalkunnathu., iraan hyper staar, isfahan sitti sentar, shaharvand cheyin storukal ink., oppam.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
shirazil janasamkhya <aii. dii. 1> aanu, avaril bhooribhaagavum pershyakkaaraan. shirazile janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagavum musleengalaanu. irupathaam noottaandinte avasana pakuthiyil bhooribhaagavum amerikkayilekkum israelilekkum kudiyeriyengilum 20,000tholam jootha samoohathinte vaasasthalamaayirunnu shiraz. tehran isfahan oppam, ganyamaaya jootha janasamkhyayum onniladhikam sajeeva sinagogukalumulla iranian nagarangalil onnaanu shiraz.
tehran kazhinjaal raajyathe ettavum valia bahayi vishwaasa janasamkhyayum shirazil undu.
nilavil shirazil rund pallikal pravartthikkunnu, onnu armeniyan, mattonn engleesh.
samskaaram.
kavikal, poonthottangal, veenju, naittingalukal, pookkal ennivayude nagaram ennaanu shiraz ariyappedunnathu. thrikonaakrithiyilulla mosaik varkk, velli pathrangal, paravatani neythu, gillim (shiraz kilim) ennu vilikkunna raggukal nirmmikkal, gramangalilum gothrangalilum jajim ennu vilikkunna puthapp enniva ulppedunnathaanu shiraasinte karakaushala vasthukkal.
iranian samskaarathinte oru pradhana bhagamaanu eee poonthottam. eram garden, afeef abad garden thudangi niravadhi pazhaya poonthottangal shirazil undu. chilarude abhipraayathil, sheriyude janmasthalamenna bahumathiyayi speyinile serasumaayi (allengil jeres) shiraz tharkkikkunnu."shirazi veenju nagaratthil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath; ennirunnaalum, nilavile islaamika bharanathin keezhil, mathanyoonapakshangalkkallatha madyam kazhikkaan kazhiyilla.
haphis shirasiyude maathrraajyamaayathil abhimaanikkunna shiraz, iranian samskaarathinte kendramaanu, koodaathe niravadhi prashastha kavikale srishtichittundu. panthrandaam noottaandileyum pathimoonnaam noottaandileyum kaviyaya saadi janichathu shirasilaanu. baghdadile alle-nisamiyayil arabi saahityavum islaamika shaasthravum padikkunnathinaayi addeham cheruppatthil thanne janmadesham upekshichu baghdadilekku pooyi. swantham naadaaya shirazil veendum prathyakshappettappol addeham oru prayamaaya vyakthiyaayirunnu. athabak abubakkar saad ibn saangiyude (1231-1260) keezhil shiraz aapekshikamaya shaanthiyude oru yugam aasvadikkukayaayirunnu. saadiye nagaratthilekku swaagatham cheyyuka mathramalla, bharanadhikaarikal addehathe valareyadhikam bahumanikkukayum pravishyayile mahanmaaril ulppeduthukayum cheythu. jeevithakalam muzhuvan addeham shirazil chelavazhichathaayi thonnunnu. mattoru prashastha kaviyum nigoodavaadiyumaaya haphis shirazil janichu. niravadhi shaasthranjarum shirazil ninnaan uthbhavichath. 13-aamm noottaandile jyothishaasthranjanum ganithashaasthranjanum vaidyan bhauthikashaasthranjanum shaasthranjanumaaya khutbu alle-dhiin alle-shirazi shirazil ninnullayalaayirunnu. svarggathekkurichulla arivumaayi bandhapetta nettatthinte paridhi" enna thante kruthiyil addeham sooryakendrathayude saadyathayekkurichum charcha cheythu.
vinodasanjaaram.
shirazile vinodasanjaara akarshanangal.
iraanile pradhana vinodasanjaara kendrangalilonnaaya eee nagaram athinte saamskaarika paithrukathinu aagola praadhaanyamund. 
ayalpakkangal.
shirazile ayalpakkangalude pattika
unnatha vidyaabhyaasam.
oorjjaswalamaaya oru academic samoohathinte aasthaanamaanu shiraz. shirazile aadyathe sarvakalashaalayaaya shiraz yooniversitti oof medical sciences 1946 ll sthaapithamaayi. ekadesham 600 vidyaarthikalulla august madrasa-iii-khaan allengil khaan daivashaasthra vidyaalayam valare pazhakkamullathaanu; athinte tyle moodiya kettidangal 1627 muthalullathaanu.
innu pravishyayile ettavum valia sarvakalashaalayum iraanile ettavum mikacha academic kendrangalilonnumaanu shiraz sarvakalashaala. shirazile islaamik azad yooniversitti, shiraz yooniversitti oof teknolaji, shiraz yooniversitti oof uplied sayans aandu teknolaji ennivayaanu shirazilo sameepatho ulla mattu pradhana sarvakalashaalakal.
pothujanagalkk sevanam nalkunna ettavum valia pravishya libraryaanu shiraz regional library oof sayans aandu teknolaji.
shiraz sarvakalaashaalayile sub kolejukalilonnaanu vertual yooniversitti oof shiraz.
gathagatham.
vimaanathavalangal.
iraante thekkan mekhalayile ettavum valia vimaanathaavalamaanu shiraz anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalam. 2005-ll naveekaranathinum punarvikasana pravarthanangalkkum vidheyamaaya sesham, iraanile randaamathe ettavum vishwasaneeyavum aadhunikavumaaya vimaanathaavalamaayi (tehranile imam khomaini anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalathin sesham) shiraz vimaanathaavalam athinte flaitt towerinte electronic, naavigeshan niyanthrana samvidaanangal ulppedeyulla vimana surakshayude kaaryatthil thiricharinju.
metro.
2001ll shiraz arban railway samghadanayaanu metro samvidaanathinte nirmmaanam aarambhichath. aarr lineukal srishtikkaanaanu padhathi. aadya variyude neelam, randaamathe variyude neelam ekadesham aayirikkum. moonnaamathe variyude neelam aayirikkum. aadya roottil 21 steshanukal nirmmichu.
aadyathe moonnu lineukal poortthiyaakumbol, nilatthinu thazheyaayi 32 steshanukalum mukalil aarr steshanukalum railway steshanumaayi bandhippichirikkunna oru prathyeka steshanum undaakum. 2014 octoberil shahid dastgib (airport) metro steshanum ehsan steshanukalum thammilaan aadya line aarambhichath. oro 15 minittilum trainukal oodunna oru tikkattin 10000 riyaalaan vila. line 1 vimaanathaavalam muthal ehsan square (vadakkan bhagam) vare vyaapippichirikkunnu.
buzz.
shirazinu 71 buzz lainukalundu. iraante moonnaamathe buzz rapid traansit 2009 ll rund lainukalode shirazil aarambhichu, 2010 ll rund lineukal koodi thurakkaan padhathiyittittundu. nagaratthinte divasamaaya meyy 5 nuu sevanam soujanyamaanu.
reyil.
iraanile backie railway shringalayumaayi shiraz bandhippichirikkunnu. uparithala vistheernnam anusarichu iraanile ettavum valia railway steshanaaya shiraz railway steshanil ninnaan trainukal athunnathum purappedunnathum. isfahan, tehran, mashad ennividangalilekku aazhchayil aarr divasam sarvees nadathunna passenture trainukal ivideyundu.
roadukal.
shiraz nagaratthil 700,000 kaarukalund.
sports.
shirazile ettavum janapriyamaaya kaayika vinodamaanu football, eee kaayika inathil niravadhi teamukalundu. eee teamukalil ettavum sradheyamaayathu iraanile ettavum pazhaya teamukalilonnaaya barg shiraz aanu, barg orikkal pershyan gulf proo leagil sthiraamgamaayirunnu; ennirunnaalum, saambathika prashnangalum mosham maanejmentum avare nilavil kalikkunna leag 3 lake vazhithelichu. pershyan gulf proo leagilum kalicha fajr sepaasiyaanu shiraasinte mattoru pradhana football team; ennirunnaalum, ippol avar randaam nira asadegan leegilaanu kalikkunnathu. leag 2ll kalikkunna cheruthum ariyappedaathathumaaya niravadhi teamukalaaya karaa shiraz, nyoo barg, khashaayi ennivaykkum shiraz aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu.
20, 000 perkku irikkaan kazhiyunna hafazee stadiyamaanu shirazile pradhana kaayika vedhi. nagaratthile pala football malsarangaludeyum vediyaaya eee stadium idaykkide iraan deseeya football teaminu aathidheyathvam vahichittundu. 2017ll poortthiyaaya paars stadium enna mattoru stadiyavum shirazil undu, 50,000 kaanikale vare ulkkollaan kazhiyum.
eratta pattanangal-sahodari nagarangal.
shiraz erattakalaana
baahya linkukal.
 
 

