
purathukadakkunnu

praayogika kaaranagal, aavasyangal, kazhivillaayma, nissamgatha, allengil chodyam cheyyappedunna vyakthi upekshikkunna samvidaanathodulla mohabhangam enniva kaaranam haiskool, koleju, sarvakalashaala allengil mattoru group upekshikkunnathineyaanu patanam upekshikkunnathu.
canada.
thozhil shakti sarway upayogichu thozhilineyum vidyaabhyaasatheyum kurichulla vivarangal shekharikkunna jayson gillmore parayunnathanusarichu kaanadayil mikka vyakthikalum 18 vayass thikayumbozhekkum 12-aamm classil ninnu birudam nedunnu. kaanadayile thozhilillaayma daatta shekharikkaan upayogikkunna audyogika sarveyaanu elfs (2010). eee upakaranam upayogichu, vidyaabhyaasa nettavum school hajarnila vilayiruthiyaal oru kozhinjupokku nirakk kanakkakkaam (gillmore, 2010). 2009 aayappozhekkum 20 muthal 24 vayassuvareyulla panthrandil oraalkk haiskool diploma illennu elfs kandethi (gillmore, 2010). purushanmaaril ippozhum sthreekale apekshichu kooduthal patanam upekshikkunnavarude nirakk undennum pradhana nagarangalkkum vadakkan pradeshangalkkum purathulla vidyaarthikalkkum patanam upekshikkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanennum patanam kandethi. 1990 muthal patanam upekshikkunnavarude nirakk 2010ll 20 sathamaanathil ninnu 9 shathamaanamaayi kuranjuvenkilum eee samayam muthal (2010) eee nirakk kurayunnathaayi thonnunnilla.
haiskool diplomayulla avarude samapraayakkaare apekshichu sharashari canadian dropt aazhchayil 70 dollar kuravaanu sambaadikkunnathu. birudadhaarikal (poost secondary illaathe) aazhchayil sharashari 621 dollar sambaadikkumbol, patanam upekshicha vidyaarthikal sharashari 551 dollar (gillmore, 2010) nedi.
kazhinja 20 muthal 25 varshathinide patanam upekshikkunnavarude nirakk kuranjuvenkilum, thozhil vipaniyil athu cheluthunna prathyaaghaathathekkurichu aashankakal valare yadhaarthamaanu (gillmore, 2010). aii. dii. 1ll thozhil vipaniyil undaayirunna haiskool diplomayillatha naalil oraalkk saambathika maandyam kaaranam jolie kandethanulla saadhyatha kuravaayirunnu (gillmore, 2010).
2018ll kaanadayile sarvakalaashaalakalile biruda nirakkukal 44 shathamaanamaayirunnu (maculance, 2018). ithu vidyaarthi janasamkhyayude pakuthiyolam varum (maculance, 2018) avarude school samoohathil ninnu vichedikkappettathaayi thonnunnathinte falamaayi vidyaarthikal patanam upekshikkunnathinte vardhanavu undaakunnu (binfettum mattullavarum).2016). seconderic sheshamulla aadya rund varshathinullil vidyaarthikal avarude prograamil ninno avarude muzhuvan vidyaabhyaasathil ninno pinmarunna vidyaarthikalil ithu ettavum saadhaaranamaanu (binfettum mattullavarum.2018). kaanadayil patanam upekshikkunna vidyaarthikale neridaan seconderic sheshamulla sthaapanangal upayogichirikkunna oru prathirodhikkaavunna nadapadi mrugasamrakshana paripaadikal (binfet thudangiyava) ulppeduthuka ennathaanu., 2016., & binfet thudangiyavar.2018). pinthuna naaykkalumaayum avarude udamakalumaayum samvadikkaan vidyaarthikale anuvadikkunnathu vidyaarthikalkku avarude samaprayakkaarumaayum school, school samoohavumaayum (binfet muthalaayavar) bandham pularthaan anuvadichu., 2016., & binfet thudangiyavar.2018).
yunaittad kingdom.
yunaittad kingdatthil, patana kozhs poortthiyaakkukayo mattoru vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanathilekku maarukayo cheyyaathe school, koleju allengil sarvakalashaala upekshikkunna eathoraalum oru dropt aanu. 16 vayass vare schoolil hajar nirbandhamaanu.
oro unnatha vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanathinum patanam upekshikkunna nirakk maanadandangal nischayikkukayum unnatha vidyaabhyaasa funting kaunsil phoor englandu (hefsey), hier ejyukkeshan funting kaunsil phoor weils (hefsidableu), scotish funting kaunsil (sfc) enniva nireekshikkukayum cheiyunnu. leag tableukalil yuke sarvakalaashaalakale rank cheyyumbol vilayiruthunna gadakangalilonnaanu patanam avasaanippikkunna nirakk.
2014 novemberil instittyoott phoor financial stadeesil ninnulla oru reportil, daridramaaya veettupakaranangalil ninnulla vidyaarthikal oru biruda kozhsinte aadya rund varshangalil sarvakalashaalayil ninnu pinmaranulla saadhyatha 8.4 sathamaanam poyintaanennu kandethi; avarkk oru birudam allengil onnaam birudam nedaanulla saadhyatha 22.9 sathamaanam pooyint kuravaanu. ore kozhsil padikkunna vidyaarthikalkkum samanamaaya gradukalumaayi sarvakalashaalayil ethiya vidyaarthikalkkum, vyathyaasangal kuranjuvenkilum kaaryamaayithanne thudarnnu. sarvakalashaalayil athunnathinumumbu daridraraaya vidyaarthikalude netta nilavaaram uyarthunnathinum sarvakalashaalayil avarkk adhika pinthuna nalkunnathinum kooduthal karyangal cheyyanamennu report nigamanam cheythu.
america.
amerikkayil, patanam upekshikkunnathu saadhaaranayaayi birudatthinulla aavasyakathakal niravettaathe oru vidyaarthi school upekshikkunnathine soochippikkunnu. oru vidyaarthi patanam upekshichittundo ennu ellaayppozhum nirnnayikkaan kazhiyilla, kaaranam avar entolment avasaanippikkathe hajarakunnathu nirtthiyekkaam. haiskool biruda nirakkukal lokath 19-aamm sthaanathulla amerikkayil prathivarsham 12 laksham vidyaarthikal haiskool upekshikkunnuvennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. kaaranagal vyathyasthamaan, avayil iva ulppedaam jolie kandethuka, bheeshanippeduthal ozhivaakkuka, kudumba adiyantharaavastha, mosham gradeukal, vishaadavum mattu maanasika rogangalum, apratheekshitha garbham, mosham anthareeksham, swaathanthryathinte abhavam, virasatha polum. "nishabda pakarchavyaadhi haiskool patanam upekshikkunnavarude kaazhchappaadukal" enna poura samrambhangal vidyaarthikal school vidaanulla kaaranagal paryavekshanam cheiyunnu. 
birudam. school patanam upekshikkunnathinte anantharafalangal deerghakaala saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya prathyaaghaathangal undaakkum. amerikkayil school patanam upekshikkunna vidyaarthikal thozhillillaathavarum bhavanarahitharum kshemapravarthanangalkku vidheyaraakukayum thadavilaakkappedukayum cheyyaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. saan fraansiskoyil nadanna naalu varshathe padanatthil kolapaathakathinu irayaaya cheruppakkaaril 94 sathamaanavum haiskool patanam upekshichavaraan ennu kandethi.
yunaittad stetts department oof ejyukkeshan alakkunna "staattas" dropt nirakk schoolil cheraathathum haiskool credential nedaathathumaaya 16-24-vayass praayamullavarude sathamaanamaanu. eee nirakk ivant dropt nirakkil ninnum staattas poorttheekaranatthinteyum sharashari puthumukha poorttheekarana nirakkinteyum anubandha nadapadikalil ninnum vyathyasthamaan. 2009ll haiskool patanam upekshichavarude nirakk 8.1 shathamaanamaayirunnu. haiskool patanam upekshikkunnathinu niravadhi apakada gadakangalundu. ivaye saamoohikavum akkaadamikavumaaya apakadasaadhyatha gadakangalaayi tharamthirikkaam. vamseeya, vamseeya nyoonapaksha vibhaagangalile amgangal vellakkaraaya vidyaarthikale apekshichu uyarnna nirakkil patanam upekshikkunnu, athupole thanne thaazhnna varumaanamulla kudumbangalil ninnullavarum, eaka rakshakarthaakkalude kudumbangalil ninnullavarum, maathaapithaakkalil oraalo rando perum haiskool poortthiyaakkaatha kudumbangalil ninnullavarum. academic apakadasaadhyatha gadakangale adisthaanamaakki patanam upekshikkaan saadhyathayulla vidyaarthikal palappozhum hajaraakaathirikkukayum grade nilanirthukayum, academic prasnangal, school jeevithathil ninnu kooduthal pothuvaayi pinmaaral ennivayude charitramullavaraanu.
austreliya.
austreliyayil, patanam upekshikkunnathu saadhaaranayaayi oru vidyaarthi birudam nedunnathinu munbu school upekshikkunnathine soochippikkunnu. vidyaarthikal patanam upekshikkunnathinulla kaaranagal vyathyasthamaanenkilum saadhaaranayaayi avayil ulppedunnu bheeshanippeduthalukal ozhivaakkuka, jolie kandethuka, kudumba prasnangal, vishaadavum mattu maanasika rogangalum, kaumaara garbham, mayakkumarunnu upayogam, chila sandarbhangalil virasatha polum. australian haiskool vidyaarthikalil naalilonn perum 12-aamm varsham birudam nedunnillennum vidoora allengil saambathikamaayi pinnakkam nilkkunna kammyoonittikalil poorttheekarana nirakk valare moshamaanennum melbone michel instittyoottile gaveshakar kandethi. bhoomishaasthrathiloodeyum swakaarya, pothu samvidaanangaliloodeyum skoolukalile vidyaarthikale verthirikkunnathu nyoosiland, canada thudangiya mattu paashchaathya raajyangale apekshichu austreliyayil vidyaarthikalude poraayma kooduthalaanennu professor tease vishwasikkunnu. australiyayile vividha sthalangalil patanam avasaanippikkunnavarude nirakk vyathyaasappedunnu. vidoora samoohangalil schoolil pookunna vidyaarthikalkku 12-aamm varsham (56.6%) poortthiyaakkaathathinulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu, athesamayam sambanna pashchaathalatthil ninnulla vidyaarthikal sharashari 90 sathamaanam poortthiyaakkal nirakk pankidunnu. eee vidoora school paripaadikal praadhamikamaayi thaddesheeya vidyaarthikalkku sevanam nalkunnu. thaddesheeya vidyaarthikalkku poorttheekarana nirakk kuravaayirikkum thaddesheeyavum thaddesheeyarallaathathumaaya 12 birudadhaarikal thammilulla antharam 40 sathamaanathiladhikam poyintaanu. eee ganyamaaya vyathyaasathinte falamaayi, patanam upekshikkunna thaazhnna saamoohika saambathika vidyaarthikale apakadasaadyathayulla vidyaarthikalaayi kanakkaakkukayum aathyanthikamayi thozhilillaayma, thadavu, kuranja shambalamulla jolie, cheruppatthil thanne kuttikalundakanulla saadhyatha ennivaykku irayaakukayum cheiyunnu.
laattin america.
laattin american mekhalayile chila raajyangalile gaarhika sarvekal vishakalanam cheyyumbol-prathyekichu bolivia, chili, panaama, kostaarikka, nikkargwa, paragwe ennividangalile-aankuttikal, penkuttikal, kaumaarakkaar, yuvakkal, avarude kudumbangal ennivarude abhipraayangal gaveshanam cheyyumbol avar school upekshikkunnathinulla kaaranagal, vishakalanangale rund pradhana vibhagangalaayi tharamthirikkaan njangale praptharaakkunna chila aavarthichulla savisheshathakal. aadyathethu vidyaabhyaasathinte 'bhauthika maanavumaayi' nerittu bandhappettirikkunnu. eee saahacharyathil, saambathika budhimuttukalaanu kudumbangalkk avarude kuttikaleyum kaumaarakkaareyum schoolil nilanirthaan kazhiyaathathinte pradhana kaaranam. school patanam upekshikkunnathinulla mattu pradhana gadakangal vidyaabhyaasa anubhavathinte 'aathmanishtamaaya maanathil' pedunnu. 10-11 vayass praayamulla school vidyaarthikalil 22 sathamaanavum thangalkk padanatthil thaalpparyamillaathathinaal eee avasthayilaanennu sarveyil velippeduthi. vidyaabhyaasa sambradaayavumaayi verpiriyunnathinu eee kaaranam nalkia 15 num 17 num idayil praayamulla kaumaarakkaaril eee sathamaanam 38 shathamaanamaayi uyarunnu.
patanam upekshicha veendedukkal.
munbu school vitta vidyaarthikale veendum entol cheiyunnathinaayi thirayunna eathenkilum community, sarkkar, laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna allengil bisinus prograamaanu "dropt recovery" samrambham. yuu. eiii. yill.ezz.atharam samrambhangal palappozhum muun haiskool vidyaarthikalil shradha kendreekarikkunnu, avarude vidyaabhyaasathinu pothuvaayi subsidy nalkaan kazhiyunnathra cheruppamaanu, saadhaaranayaayi 22 vious athil thazheyumullavar. rwandayil, patanam avasaanippichathilninn rakshappedunnathu palappozhum vidyaabhyaasam nedaanaayi ippozhum cheruppamaaya praadhamika, saadhaarana thalatthilulla vidyaarthikalil shradha kendreekarikkunnu.
parambaraagatha "ishtikayum charadukalum" ulla patana sthaapanangalilum community sentarukalilum oonlainilum patanam upekshikkunnavarude veendedukkal paripaadikal aarambhikkam.
haiskool patanam upekshikkunnathu deerghakaala saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya prathyaaghaathangal undaakkum, prathyekichu mattu pala paashchaathya raajyangale apekshichu thulyatha kuranja vidyaabhyaasa samvidaanamulla austreliyayil. athinaal, 22 vious athil thaazheyumulla cheruppakkaarkkaayi thiranjeduttha vidyaabhyaasa veendedukkal padhathikal vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinaayi sarkkarum laabhechayillaatha samghadanakalum swakaarya kambanikalum vividha patana maargangalum kozhsukalum nadappaakkunnu.
attaarjant.
haiskool patanam upekshikkunna vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi perumattaparamaayum/allengil akkaadamikamaayum edapazhakaan paadupedunnavaraanu. ennirunnaalum, vividha tharatthilulla sandarbhochithamo svayam-sisttam variabilukaloo vidyaarthikalude edapazhakaline baadhikkunnundo atho patanam upekshikkaanulla avarude theerumaanathinu sambhavana cheiyunnundo ennu poornnamaayum vyakthamalla. 1988leeii deseeya vidyaabhyaasa deerghakaala patanam shekharicha daatta anusarichu, mithamaayatho uyarnnatho aaya hajar nila, perumatta prasnangal, schoolo purattho ulla pravartthanangalo illaatha vidyaarthikal patanam upekshikkumennu valare pravachikkunnuvennu rumberger kandethi.
prathirodham.
kudumba chalanathmakatha.
secondary thalatthile vidyaabhyaasa ulcherkkal udambadi prakaram, kshemam srishtikkunnathinaayi kudumbangal engane aantharikamaayi svayam samghadippikkunnu ennathu secondary vidyaabhyaasathilekkalu praveshanam, nilanirtthal, birudam ennivaykkulla phalapradamaaya avasarangal vipuleekarikkaan shramikkumbol rajyangal abhisambodhana cheyyenda oru anivaarya vishayamaan. athinaal, kaumaarakkaarum skoolile yuvaakkalum enna puthiya nayatthinte nirmmaanam, yadhaarthathil enthaanu sambhavikkunnathenn amgeekarikkukayum, yuvaakkalkk avarude secondary school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakunnathuvare paricharanatthinte prathyeka sweekarthaakkalaakaan kazhiyunna chalanathmakatha srishtikkunnathinaayi samsthaanavum kudumbangalum thammilulla paraspara prayojanakaramaaya oru sakhyathe roopappeduthukayum cheiyunnu.
paraamarshangal.
binfet, jeey., pasmore, echu., sebri, eiii., strook, keey., & mccay, sii. (2018). sarvakalaashaalakalude ennam kuraykkunnu 
oru drope-inn naayin-therapy prograamiloode vidyaarthikalude sammarddam. jenal oof mental health, 27 (3), 197-204.
binfet, jeey., & pasmore, echu. (2016). houndukalum homesickness onnaam varsha sarvakalashaala vidyaarthikalkkaayi mrugangalude sahaayathodeyulla chikitsa edapedalinte phalangal. anthrosos, 29 (3), 441-454.

