
kooptik saahityam

thaddesheeya eejipshyan bhaashayude avasana gattamaaya eejipthile kooptik bhaashayile rachanakalude koottamaanu kooptik saahityam. ithu kooptik aksharamaalayilaan ezhuthiyirikkunnathu. kooptik bashayeyum saahityatheyum kurichulla padanatthe coptology ennu vilikkunnu.
nirvachanam.
kooptik" enna padatthinu bhashaaparamaaya ardhathinu purame, oru vamseeya ardhavum (kopttukale paraamarsikkunnu) oru mathaparamaya ardhavum (kooptik kristhumatham) undakaamennathinaal, "kooptik saahityam" enna padatthil avyakthathaykkulla pravanathayundu. kooptik saahithyathe saadhaaranayaayi kooptik bhashayil nirvachichirikkunnu. ithu saadhaaranayaayi yadhaartha rachanakalil maathram parimithappedunnilla, marichu koptikkilekkulla (pradhaanamaayum greekkil ninnu) vivarthanangalum ulppedunnu. kooptik bhashayil rachichathayi vishwasikkappedunna, ennaal vivarthanathil maathram samrakshikkappedunna (pradhaanamaayum arabic, ethiopic bhashakalil) grandhangalum ithil ulppedunnu.
vishalamaaya ardhathil, eejiptil nirmmicha kooptik samoohathil pracharikkunna greak saahityam "kooptik" ll ulppettekkaam. arabiyil kopttukal ezhuthiya saahityam saadhaaranayaayi kopttoo-arabic saahithyamaayi prathyekam kanakkaakkappedunnu. "maanthrikavum vaidyashaasthraparavumaaya grandhangal polulla documentary, saahityaatheetha grandhangal ozhivaakkunna "saahityam" ennathum karsanamaaya ardhathil edukkaam.
bhashakal.
kopttikkinte saadhaarana saahitya bhasha saahidikamaayirunnu, avasheshikkunna grandhangalil bhooribhaagavum aaa bhaashayilaan. bohyric, fayyumik, lycopolitan, akhmimik, sabaakhmimik, ooksirinchaitt enningane kooptik bhaashayude mattu aarr amgeekritha bhaashaabhedangalundu-koodaathe kooduthal idiolekttukalum undu. oru vaachakathinte bhaashaabhedam thirichariyunnathu athinte uthbhavasthalam churukkum. ellah bhaashaabhedangalum saahithyathil oru paridhivare prathinidheekarikkunnu, prathyekichu avasana kaalaghattatthile bohairik.
kayyezhuthuprathikal.
paarchment, papirus, aathyanthikamayi paper ennivayil kooptik ezhuthappettu. aadyakaala grandhangal churulukalil ezhuthappettirunnuvenkum kristhumathatthinte uyarchayode codex aadhipathyam sthaapichu. avasheshikkunna mikkavarum ellah kayyezhuthuprathikalum apoornnamaaya (sakalangal) kodisukalaanu. kristheeya kaalaghattam vare maanthrika grandhangalkkaayi churulukal upayogikkunnathu thudarnnu. school grandhangal polulla chila cherukathakalum austraakayilum bordukalilum kaanapedunnu.
upekshikkappetta ashramangalil ninnu mikka kayyezhuthuprathikalum kandeduthittundu, athil ettavum pradhaanappettath velutha aashramamaan. 1910ll fayoomile vishudha maikkil aashramathinte libraryil ninnu kandethiya 58 vaalyangal ulkkollunnathaan morgan shekharam. praadeshika library shekharathil ekadesham 5000 vaalyangalund, athil chila sakalangal keyroyile eejipshyan museum swanthamaakkiyittundu.
uthbhavam.
pazhaya kooptik.
greak aksharamalayil kooptik ezhuthaanulla sramangal orupakshe bii. sii. onnaam noottaandil aarambhichathaakaam. ariyappedunna aadyakaala paatam eiii. dii onnaam noottaandil ninnullathaanu. likhitha kopttikkinte eee aadya ghattathe pazhaya kooptik ennu vilikkunnu, ithu naalaamatheyo anchaamatheyo noottaand vare neendunilkkunnu. greak aksharamalayile eejipshyan bhaashayude pareekshanatthinte aadya ghattathe palappozhum pree-ooldu kooptik allengil greco-eejipthiyan ennu vilikkunnu. mattu ezhuthukaar adyakaalavum avasaanatheyum pazhaya kooptik thammil verthirichariyunnu.
maanthrikamo daivikamo aaya swabhaavamulla purajaatheeya rachanakal ulkkollunnathaan pazhaya kooptik. eee grandhangalkku sthiramaaya lipi shailiyillathathinaal pilkkala kooptik saahithyathinte greak padavali kadameduthittundu, athu poornnamaayum kristhyan allengil paaraa-kristhyan aanu (i.iii., gnostik, manichiyan). chilar greak aksharangal maathram upayogikkunnu, saadhaarana kooptik aksharangal kadamedutha demotic aksharangalonnumilla, mattullavar staanderd aayathinekkaal kooduthal demotic aksharangal upayogikkunnu. greak aksharangalil eejipshyan bhashayil ezhuthiya purajaatheeya maanthrika grandhangalude nirmmaanam kooptik saahithyathinte kaalaghattam vare thudarnnu.
saahitya kopttiksinte uyarcha.
oru parambaraagatha sidhaantham saahitya kopttikkinte uthbhavathe alexandriayile noostik samoohavumaayi bandhippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, nilanilkkunna kooptik kaiyezhuthuprathikale alexandriayumaayi bandhippikkaan kazhiyilla. mattoru kaaryam ithine kristhyan aashramangalumaayum greak padippikkal praadeshika bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheyyendathinte aavasyakathayumaayum bandhippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, aadyakaala kooptik grandhangalile kadamedutha greak padangalude uyarnna anupatham vivarthanamenna nilayil avayude praayogika upayogathe samshayaaspadamaakkunnu. aduthide, eejipthine oru saahitya bhashayaayi (kooptik roopathil) punarujjeevippikkunnath oru deseeya eejipshyan samskaarathe punarujjeevippikkaanulla shramathinte bhaagamaanenn abhiprayappettu."pavola busi ithine oru" "aidantitti ooppareshan" "ennu vilikkunnu, ithu vyathirikthathayude avakaashavaadamaanu". neremarichu, kooptik ezhuthu sanbradaayathinte uyarcha kristhumathatthinte uyarchaykku samaantharamaayathinaal, parambaraagatha eejipshyan rachanakalude purajaatheeya associationukalil ninnu svayam akannunilkkanulla aagrahathaal ithu prachodippikkappettirkim.
saahitya kooptik aadyamaayi prathyakshappedunnathu moonnaam noottaandilaanu. kristhyan allengil gnostik ennee greak grandhangalude vivarthanangalaan aadyakaala saahithyagrandhangal. moonnaam noottaandile anchu saahitya grandhangalum baibil grandhangalaanu, onnukil greak baibilukaludeyo dwibhasha greak-kooptik baibil grandhangaludeyo naamamaathramaaya vyaakhyaanangalaanu. eee noottaandile oru austraconinekkurichulla oru swakaarya kathu enna orotta documentary paatam undu.
yadhaartha rachanakalude roopam.
aadyakaala kooptik ezhuthukaaranu niravadhi saadhyathayulla sthaanaarthikalundu. epiphanius oof salaamisinte "panaariyon" anusarichu, moonnaam noottaandile ezhuthukaaranaaya hieracas baibil vishadeekaranathinteyum sankeerthanathinteyum kruthikal greekilum kooptik bhashayilum ezhuthi. addehathinte avasheshikkunna oreyoru kruthi samshayaaspadamaaya aadhikaarikathayaanu.
saahitya kopttikkile aadyathe ezhuthukaaran, addehathinte kruthikal nilanilkkunnundaakam, addeham aanthani dhii grettu aayirikkam (maranam 356). addehathinte ezhu aadhikaarika aksharangal ariyappedunnu, avayil chilath kooptik sakalangalumaanu. avaa greekkil ninnu lattinilekkum vivarthanam cheyyappettu. oru greak pathipum nilanilkunnilla, avayil chilath allengil ellaam yadhaarthathil greekilo kooptik bhashayilo rachichittundo ennu ariyilla. arianism ulppedeyulla samakaalika sabhaye valayam cheiyunna vivaadangalumaayi aanthaniyude parichayamaanu eee kathukal prakadamaakkunnathu. kooptik saahithyathinteyum alexandrian daivashaasthrathinteyum uthbhavam thammil saakshyappeduthaatha oru bandham avaa nalkum.
avasheshikkunna kruthikal ulla aadyakaala yadhaartha ezhuthukaaran patchomius dhii grettu aanu (maranam 346). jerom laattinilekk vivarthanam cheytha sanyaasimaarude oru samoohathinaayi addeham niyamangal ezhuthi. niyamatthinte yadhaartha kooptik pathippil ninnu kurachu sakalangal maathrame nilanilkkunnulloovenkum kooptik bhaashayilulla paachomiyasinte niravadhi aksharangal samrakshikkappettittund. yadhaartha saahitya savisheshathakalulla ettavum pazhaya yadhaartha kooptik grandhangale iva prathinidheekarikkunnu."
vivarthanangal.
baibil vivarthanangal.
greak septhuvajint, puthiya udambadi ennivayil ninnu baibil kooptik bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheyyappettu. kopttikk bhashayil prasidheekaricha aadyakaala saahithyagrandhamaayirikkaam ithu. athinte vivarthanathinte charithrathe moonnu ghattangalayi thirikkam. 2-aamm noottaandinum 4-aamm noottaandinum idayil niravadhi vyakthikal niravadhi bhaashaabhedangalkkaayi pravarthichirunnu. naalum anchum noottaandukalil saahidika vivarthanam nilavaramullathaakki. oduvil, onpathaam noottaandode, bohyric vivarthanam staanderdais cheyyappettu. naalam noottaandinte thudakkathil, kooptik baibil-allengil kuranjathu sankeerthanangalum puthiya niyamavum-pallikalil audyogikamaayi upayogathilundaayirunnu.
aadyakaala vivarthana kruthiyude saahacharyangal avyakthamaanu. kooptik charithrathiludaneelam valia thothil maattamillathe thudarunna saahidika grandhatthinte thaarathamyena aadyakaala standerdisation yadhaartha vivarthana kruthiyude uyarnna nilavaaratthe saakshyappeduthunnu.
gnostik, manichiyan grandhangal.
noostik, manichiyan grandhangalude kooptik vivarthanangal aadyakaala baibil vivarthanangalude athe kaalaghattatthil ninnullathaanu, koodaathe kooptik saahitya nirmmaanatthinte aadyaghattathil chinthayudeyum samoohathinteyum vaividhyam prakadamaakkunnu. gnostik allengil gnostik cheiyunna grandhangalude ettavum pradhanappetta shekharam naag hammadi libraryaanu. ascue codex, berlin codex, broose codex ennivayum undu. noostik grandhangalude gunanilavaaram saadhaaranayaayi yaadhaasthithika kristhyan grandhangale apekshichu kuravaanu. avayude oorthoograafi sthirathayillaathathum avayil kooduthal vyaakarana pishakukal adangiyullathumaanu. mothatthil, avaa professional nirmmanangal kuravaanu. ennirunnaalum, atharam grandhangal yaadhaasthithika samoohangalil vyaapakamaayi vaayikkappettirunnave shenttinte "uthbhavavaadikalkkethire" kaanikkunnu.
350 oode eejiptil manicasem avatharippikkappettu. eathaanum pathittaandukalkkullil avar avarude grandhangal kooptik bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheyyaan thudangi, chilath aramic orijinalukalil ninnum chilappol greak idanilakkaaril ninnum. ithu maanikkeyan vivarthanangal gnostik, baibil grandhangalekkaal alpam vaikiyaan cheiyunnathu. maanikkeyan kayyezhuthuprathikal ellaam 4,5 noottaandukal muthalullavayaan, avayellaam medinettu maadiyil ninnu kandethi, ennirunnaalum avaa mikkavarum lycopolisil nirmmichathaanu, kaaranam avaa lycopolitan bhaashayilaan. avayil "manichiyan salter", "kephalaya" enniva ulppedunnu.
baibil apocrypha.
pazhaya niyamathile apocryphayudeyum puthiya niyamathile apocryphayudeyum oru pradhana uravidamaanu kooptik vivarthanangal. chila sandarbhangalil, "yoodaasile suvisheshathil" ullathupole, oru vaachakathinte pradhaanamo eaka sakshiyo aanu kooptik. kooptik apocryphayude ulppaadanathil rund pradhana ghattangalundaayirunnu. aadyathethil, naalam noottaandil, vivarthanam cheyyappetta kruthikal pradhaanamaayum peettar, pooll thudangiya sthaapaka vyakthikalumaayi bandhappettirunnu. randaam ghattathil, anchaam noottaandil, "apostolica oormmakkurippinte" oru puthiya tharam prathyakshappedunnu. chaalsedon kaunsilinu (451) sesham kooptik bhashayil rachicha oru apraamaanika grandhatthinte udaaharanamaanu "rakshakante suvishesham".
solomonte njaanam", "abrahaaminte niyamam", "isaakkinte niyamam", "yaakkobinte niyamam", "isayyayude aarohanam", "mosasinte apocalypse", "eleeyaavinte apocalypse", "sephanyaayude apocalypse" enniva kopttikkile pazhaya niyamathile apocryphayude udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. thomasinte suvishesham", "nicodemasinte suvishesham", "barthalomy suvishesham", "meriyude suvishesham", "eppistula aposthaloram", "protevangelium oof jaims", "yesuvinulla abgarh kathu", "polinte pravrithikal", "peettarinte pravrithikal", "joninte pravrithikal", "aandroovinte pravrithikal", "pailettinte pravrithikal", "polinte apocalypse" enniva puthiya niyamathile apocryphyil ulppedunnu. puthiya niyamathile apocryphayude thiranjeduppu soochippikkunnathu alexandriayude madhyasthathayillaathe eshyayumaayi nerittu sanbarkkam pularthaanaanu. ennirunnaalum, "eleeyayude apocalypse", "isayyayude aarohanam" enniva thaddesheeya eejipshyan kruthikalaanu.
desasnehikalaayavar.
sabha pithaakkanmaarude aadyakaala vivarthanam kooptik bhaashayilekku aadyakaala baibil vivarthanangalaya 2,3 noottaandukalude kaalaghattatthil ninnaan. atharam kruthikalude aadyakaala kayyezhuthuprathikalilonna crossby-skoyan codex. ennirunnaalum, mikathum naalam noottaand muthal aaram noottaand vareyulla alppam pilkkala ghattathilaanu. vivarthanangal shradheyamaayi thiranjedutthavayaayirunnu, "daivashaasthraparavum vivarthanaparavumaaya" bhaashakalekkaal "mechappeduthunnathinum edayarthunnathinum" sakthamaaya munganana nalki. saardisile melittoyude "dii pascha", "dii aanima ettu corpore" ennee homilikalum suedo-basilian "dii templo salomonis" ennivayaanu thirichariyaan kazhiyunna aadyakaalangal.
pilkkaalakhattam muthal, cappadosian pithaakkanmaare (siseriyayude tulsi, nisayude gregory, naasiyansasinte gregory) nannayi prathinidheekarikkunnu, athupole alexandriayile athanasius, alexandriayude siril, syrian ephrem, salaamisinte epiphanius, joonn krisoostam. romile apostolica pithaakkanmaarum hippolytus vivarthanam cheyyappettittund. marubhoomiyile pithaakkanmaarude vaakkukal" ennathinte oru kooptik pathippund. berlin kooptik pusthakatthile anjjaatha grandhangal clementine chinthayude adayaalangal kaanikkunnundengilum, aadyakaala eejipshyan kristhyan ezhuthukaaril ettavum mikacha rund, klement oof alexandriayudeyum orijanudeyum kruthikal shradheyamaayi illa. siseriyayude tulsi, nisayude gregory, aantiyokkinte severus enniva vazhi homilikalude corper undengilum kruthikal saadhaaranayaayi vyakthigathamayi kaikaaryam cheyyappettirunnu, apoorvvamaayi thanne oru muzhuvan kruthiyum vivarthanam cheyyappettu.
kapadalekhanam-thettaaya attribution-kooptik saahithyathil, prathyekichu pithaakkanmaarude rachanakalil saadhaaranamaanu. melittoyude "athmaavinum shareerathinumel" enna kruthikku punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum orupakshe addehathinte vyakthithvam uyarthunnathinaayi athanasiasinu thettayi aaropikkukayum cheythu. athanaasiyasinte aadhikaarika kruthikalil, "anthoniyude jeevitam", "utsava aksharangal" enniva vivarthanam cheyyappettuvenkilum addehathinte charitraparamaaya kruthikaloo eriyanisathinethiraaya rachanakalo illa. sirilinte daivashaasthraparamaayi bharamullah "scholia dii avathaare unigenity" vivarthanam cheyyappettuvenkilum nestoriyanisathinethir addehathinte rachanakalalla.
chila pithrusrishti kruthikal greak orijinalukalil ninnaano sahidic pathippukalil ninnaano bohyric vivarthanangal nadathiyathennu ariyillengilum sahidic, bohyric bhaashakalilekku vivarthanam cheyyappettu.
pranayangal.
kopttikkile eaka mathanirapeksha saahithyagrandhangal rund pranayakathakalaanu "alexander pranayam", "cambisus pranayam".
greekkil ninnu vivarthanam cheyyappetta kooptik "alexander" aaram noottaandil athinte krithyamaaya roopam nedi. velutha aashramathil ninnulla oru sakalamaanu athijeevikkunnath. yadhaartha kayyezhuthuprathikku 220 pejukalundaayirunnu, 37 adhyaayangalaayi thirichirikkunnu, oronnum bybilil ninnulla oru vaakyathode avatharippichu. avasheshikkunna sakalangal elamaittukalkkidayil alexanderinekkurichum gedrosiayile agadhathayil ninnu avane rakshappeduthunnathinekum braahmanarumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathunnathinekkurichum visham nalkunnathinekkurichum aashankappedunnu. kristhuvine munkootty kaanicha oru pravachakanaayi alexanderine kanakkakkunnu, pranayam sanyaasimaarude vaayanaykkaayi vyakthamaayi uddeshichullathaayirunnu.
cambisus romans" ennathu kooptik bhaashayile oru yadhaartha kruthiyaanu. oru shakala kayyezhuthuprathiyil maathrame ithu nilanilkkoo. ithu orupakshe eejipshyan sanyaasimaarude uthppannamaayirikkam, pakshe athinte prameyangal "kramavirudhamaaya shakthikalkkethire araajakathvathinte shakthikale nirthunna oru neenda eejipshyan mathapaarambaryathil veroonniyathaanu". anchaam noottaandinum onpathaam noottaandinum edayilullathaanennu karuthaam.
hagiographical "legend oof hileria" chilappol oru pranayamaayi tharamthirichittundu.
moulika rachanakal.
patchomius addehathinte chuttupaadum.
paachomiyasinte rachanakalum addehathinte chuttupaadukalum aadyakaala greekkilekk vivarthanam cheyyappetta oru savisheshamaaya kruthiyaanu. 4 muthal 6 vare noottaandukalile churulukalilum churulukalilum ithu samrakshikkappedunnu, palappozhum recycle cheytha parchmento papiraso upayogichu nirmmikkunnu.
addehathinte roman sainika pashchaathalatthil ninnu bhaagikamaayi prachodanam ulkkonda vargeeya sanyasi jeevithathinulla patchomius niyamangal europian sanyaasimaarude jeevithathil valia swaadheenam chelutthi. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte saahitya swaadheenam thaarathamyena kuravaayirunnu. addehathinte niyamangalkkum kathukalkkum purame, addehathinte shishyanmaraya theodorus oof tabennese, horseysi ennivarude kathukalum undu. pachomian shaili athinte ettavum saahitya roopam nedunna "lieber oorseesi" ennariyappedunna oru pusthakavum horseysi ezhuthi. addeham oru koottam niyamangalum ezhuthi. patchomius horseysiyum "athmeeya aksharamala" enna aksharamaalayude siffer upayogikkunnu.
pilkkalavum anjjaathavumaaya rund grandhangal pacomian paarambaryatthil pedunnu, kiyaroorinte "apocalypse", "horseysi sandarshanam" (yadhaarthathil greekkil ezhuthiyirikkaam). yadhaarthathil kooptik bhashayil ezhuthiya pakkomiyasinte jeevacharitram pilkkaalatthe bohairik pathippilum greak, laattin, arabi bhaashakalile vivarthanangalilum nilanilkkunnu.
aunttum avante chuttupaadum.
vella aashramathinte thalavanaaya sanyasi aushentte (maranam 465) kooptik bhaashayile "orupakshe ettavum samridhanaaya ezhuthukaaranaayirunnu". addeham athinte "sarikkum sradheyanaaya oru vyakthigatha ezhuthukaaranaanu", addehathinte rachana ithuvare "athinte ettavum sankeernamaaya" rachanayaan. addeham kooptik bhasha saahithyabhaashayude sthaanathekku uyarthi. ennirunnaalum, kooptik paarambaryatthinu purathu addeham eathaandu anjjaathanaayirunnu. addehathinte kruthikal orikkalum greekkilekk vivarthanam cheyyappettitla. 1750num 1900num idayil kramena paashchaathya pandithanmaarude shradhayilppeduthi.
greekkilekk nerittu vivarthanam cheyyaan kazhiyaatha kooptik vyaakaranathinte savisheshathakal sheunt abhoothapoorvamaayi upayogichu. addehathinte rachana valare saahityaparavum palappozhum budhimuttullathumaanu. addeham vaachaadopathil classical vidyaabhyaasam nedukayum randaamathe sankeernathayude greak shailiyil ninnu swaadheenikkappedukayum cheythu. bybilil ninnu, prathyekichu njaanapusthakangal, suvisheshangal, poulin eppistalukal ennivayil ninnu addeham vipulamaayi udharikkunnu. oridathu addeham aristophensinte "pakshikale" udharikkunnu. nostisism, manicasem, orijanisam, melicianism ennivaykkethire addeham prabandhangal ezhuthi.
shenttinte rachanakale rund samaahaarangalaayi thirichirikkunnu, onpathu vaalyangalulla "niyamangal", avaa addehathinte sanyasi samoohathe abhisambodhana cheyyukayum pradhaanamaayum achadakkavumaayi bandhappettirikkukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe purathullavare abhisambodhana cheyyukayum pradhaanamaayum dhaarmikathayekkurichu samsaarikkukayum cheiyunna ettu vaalyangalulla "prabhashanangal". addehathinte kathukal addehathinte melnottathilallaatha oru prathyeka shekharamaanu. eee trikakshi vargeekaranam addeham nadathiyathaanennu vyakthamaan. thante kruthikal thante sanyasi federationu purathu pracharippikkunnathum avayude swaadheenam parimithappeduthunnathum addeham nirodhichu. ennirunnaalum, kaiyezhuthuprathi paarambaryam valare kurachu vakabhedangal velippeduthunnathinaal avaa bybilinu thulyamaayi kanakkaakkappettuvenn soochippikkunnathinaal avar avide valareyadhikam aadarikkappettu. taitto oorlaandi vaadichathupole, addehathinte ashramam greak kruthikalude niravadhi vivarthanangalude sthalamaayirunnenkil, kooptik saahithyathil addehathinte swaadheenam swantham rachanakalkkapuram vyaapichekkaam.
shenauttinushesham velutha aashramathinte thalavanayi besa adhikaaramettu. shenauttiyan shailiyil ezhuthiya addehathinte niravadhi kathukalum prabhaashanangalum nilanilkkunnu. addehathinte srishtikal thulyamaayi parishkarichathaanenkilum addehathinte mungaamiyekkaal varnnaabhamaan. shenauttinte rachanakalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, besayude rachanakal pradhaanamaayum chaalsedon kaunsilinte (451) sheshamulla kaalaghattatthilaanu.
shenautteyude jeevacharitramaaya "vitta sinuti" yeei besa ennu thettayi aaropikkappedunnu. swathanthravum anjjaathavumaaya rachayithruthvathinteyum samshayaaspadamaaya charitraparamaaya moolyathinteyum vividha kadhakalude samaahaaramaanith.
pinneedu saahityam.
451 nuu sheshamulla kooptik ezhuthu kooduthalum noonn-chalsedonian, daivashaasthraparamaayi mayaafisaitt aanu, athinaal chalsedonian mukhyadhaarayil ninnu verpeduthunnu. anchaam noottaandinte avasana pakuthiyile pradhana ezhuthukaaril pooll oof thamma, paffnuit, tkovinte macarius, alexandriayile pathriarchese timothi randaaman ennivar ulppedunnu.
chalsedone sheshamulla kooptik charithratthile adutha nirnaayaka nimisham 641-ll eejipt keezhadakkiya arab aayirunnu, ithu kopttukale islaamika bharanathinu keezhil konduvarikayum arabic avatharippikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kooptik saahithyathil athinte pettennulla swaadheenam cheruthaayirunnu. ezhaam noottaandinte avasana pakuthiyile pradhana kooptik ezhuthukaaril paathriyarkkarmaraaya benchamin onnamanum agathonum, kalaamoonile saamuval, kalaamoonile isak, nikkiyuvile joonn, nikkiyuvile menas ennivar ulppedunnu.
onpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil kooptik oru saahitya bhashayaayi shayichathaayi thonnunnu, kaaranam athinusheshamulla chila yadhaartha kruthikal oru perulla rachayithaavin avakashappedaam. poornnamaayum manassilakkaan kazhiyaatha kaaranangalal, pathinonnam noottaandode ithu yadhaartha rachanayude bhashayaayi illaathaayi. kopttukal arabi upayogikkaan thudangiyathinaal dhaaraalam kooptik saahityangal ippol nashtappettu. apocalypse oof saamuval oof kalamoun" polulla grandhangal kooptik nashtappedunnathine apalapikkunnu, pakshe avaa ippol arabiyil maathrame nilanilkkunnulloo.
muun eejipshyan saahityavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
kooptik saahithyathinte aditharayil greak saahityavum kooptik saahithyathinte uyarchaykkum munbu noottaandukalaayi eejiptil greak bhaashayaan pradhana ezhuthu bhasha."ennirunnaalum, kooptik saahityavum munkaala eejipshyan saahityavum thammil chila bandhangal nirddeshikkappettittund. paachomiyasinte niyamangalil "marichavarude pusthakatthile" "negatteevu kuttasammatham" ennathil ninnulla oru udharaniyum "aanii padippikkal", "amenemoppinte nirddeshangal" ennivayekkurichulla saadhyamaaya soochanakalum adangiyirikkunnu. ithu purathana saahityavumaayulla parichayatheyo vaayanakkaareyo polum prathifalippikkillengile "eejipshyan aksharangalil" paachomiyasinte vidyaabhyaasa samayat edutha "oru mangiya oormma" aayirikkam. cambisus pranayam" demotic saahityathodum kadappettirikkam. aseeriyakkaarudeyum pershyakkaarudeyum samyojanam "orakkil oof dhaa potter", "orakkil oof dhaa aambu" ennivayilum kaanapedunnu.
hilriyayude ithihaasam" "bentreshinte katha" yude punarnirmmaanamaayi kaanapedunnu.

