
ecoid bhashakal

thekkukizhakkan nigeriayilum aduthulla cameroon pradeshangalilum pradhaanamaayum samsaarikkunna thekkan bantoid bhaashakalude oru upabhashayaanu ecoid bhashakal. avayude padavi krithyamaayi nirvachikkappedaathe avaa valarekkaalamaayi bandu bhashakalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. eee bhaashakalekkurichulla pradhana monograph crab (1969) aanu, ennirunnaalum khedakaramennu parayatte, vyaakarana vishakalanangal ulkkollunna randaam bhagam orikkalum prasidheekarichittil. prasidheekarana theeyathi vareyulla ekkoyidile saahityavum crab avalokanam cheiyunnu.
aduthulla mbe bhasha ekkoyidinte ettavum adutha bandhuvaya bhaashayaan, athodoppam thekkan baantoyidinte ecoid-emby shaakhayum roopappedunnu.
bhashakal.
"ethnologue" swatantra bhaashakalude padaviyulla inipparayunna ecoid enangale pattikappedutthunnu. vaattezhs (1978), yodder thudangiyavayil ninnaan shaakhakal. (2009).
perukalum sthalangalum (naijeeriya).
blenchil (2019) ninnulla bhaashayude perukal, janasamkhya, sthalangal (nigeriayil maathram) ennivayude pattika chuvadeyundu.
phonology.
proto-ecoid inipparayunna svaraaksharangalum svarangalum upayogichu punarnirmikkunnu uyarnna, thaazhnna, uyarunna, veezhunna, thaazhekkulla. ennirunnaalum, uyarunnathum veezhunnathumaaya tonukal samyukthamaayirikkam.
ithinu inipparayunna vyanjanaksharangal undennu karuthappedunnu
 oru vaakkinte thudakkathilum madhyathilo avasaanathilo sambhavikkunnu.
patanam.
ecoid metteeriyalinte aadya prasidheekaranam clarkilaanu (1848), avide anchu 'bhaashaabhedangal' pattikappedutthukayum oronninteyum oru hraswa padha pattika nalkukayum cheiyunnu. koyal (1854), thomas (1914), jonsttan (1919-1922) ennivayaanu mattu pradhana aadyakaala prasidheekaranangal. koyle thante maathrkakal athe pradeshathu koottiyinakkiyenkilum, avaye aadyamaayi bandhippikkukayum banduvumaayi ekopippichu oru groupil sthaapikkukayum cheythath kasttam (1883) aanennu thonnunnu, pakshe athinullilalla. thomas (1927) aanu ecoid baantuvinte sariyaaya vargeekaranam nadatthiya aadya rachayithaav, ennaal vichithramennu parayatte, valare pilkkaalatthe westermaan & bryan (1952) pazhayathum krithyathayillaathathumaaya vargeekaranam aavarthikkunnu. ithu mattoru pazhaya pishak pracharippikkukayum ecoidinoppam niang bhashakal ulppeduthukayum cheythu. yang bhaashakalkk avarudethaaya savisheshathakalundu, avaa orupakshe ecoydinekkaal banduvil ninnu kooduthalaayirikkaam.
ecoid baanduvinte bhaagamaanenn gutree (1967-1971) kku amgeekarikkaan kazhinjilla. addehathinte aadyathe asaadhyamaaya vishadeekaranam, oru 'paashchaathya sudanic' bhasha samsarikkunnavar oru bandu bhasha samsaarikkunnavare 'agiranam' cheythathinte falamaayi, mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, prathyakshamaaya samaantharangal, kadamedutha vaakkukalude oru valia blokkaayirunnu ennathaanu. ithu pinneedu 'ecoid bhashakal oru paridhivare oru soonn bhashakalumaayi uthbhavam pankidaam, pakshe avaa ganyamaaya aswasthathakalkku vidheyamaayathaayi thonnunnu' (gutri 1971, II: 15). vilyamsan (1971) benu-kongoyude swaadheenamulla oru vargeekaranathil ecoidine 'wide bantu' allengil ippol bantoid ennu vilikkappedunnathinu niyukthamakki, ithu bantuvinum bakkiyulla benu-kongoik idayil enganeyengilum kidakkunna bhaashakalude oru vrithiketta koottamaanu.
ekkoyidinte ellah aadhunika vargeekaranangalum crabine (1969) adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, vaattezhs (1981) ekkoyidinte proto-phonology paryavekshanam cheyyaan vannappol, cameroonile ijagam bhaashaabhedangalil ninnulla swantham feeld meteeriyalinekkaal addeham eee uravidam upayogichu. phoonetik transcriptionil ninnu phonettikkine vyakthamaayi verthirichariyaatha ekkoyidinte notteshanaan njandinte prasnakaramaaya oru vasham. vaattezhs (1980,1981) nadatthiya ijaagathekkurichulla puthiya pravartthanangal ekkoyidinte cameroonian bhaashaabhedangalekkurichulla nammude arivu vipuleekarichu. ennirunnaalum, nigeriayile puthiya feeld varkk adisthaanamaakkiyulla asinyayude (1987) prasidheekarikkappedaathu oru pradhana prabandham ecoid phonologyekkurichu oru pradhana avakaashavaadam unnayichu, athaayath mikka ecoid bhashakalkkum swaraaksharangalil dairkhyameriya/hrasvamaaya vyathyaasangalund. ecoid baantuvisttukalkkidayil prathyeka thaalparyam uyarthiyittundu, kaaranam ithinu bantuvinode aduthathaayi thonnunna oru naama-klaas sisttamund, ennittum ithu krithyamaayi yojikkunnuvennu parayaan kazhiyilla (vaattezhs 1980).