colonial vyavasaya quarter (bethlahem, pensylvania)

pensylvaniayile bethlahemile colonial vyavasaya quarter amerikkayile aadyakaala vyavasaya paarkkayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. monocasy kreekkinte theerathu colonial moreviyakkaar sthaapicha patthu ekkar sthalathu 1762 vaattar varkkukal (oru deseeya charitra naazhikakkall), 1761 taniniri, 1869 luckenback mill, 1748/1834 gristmillar house, 1764 spring house, 1750 smithi enniva punarnirmmichu, athupole thanne yadhaartha manpaathrangalude avashishtangal, 1752 kashap, 1765 oayil mill, 1771 dye house enniva ulppedunnu. aadyakaala bethlahemile karakaushalathozhilaalikalkkum vyaapaarangalkkumaayi kudivellavum monocasy kreekkinte ozhukkiloode vitharanam cheiyunna vaidyuthiyum nalkunna oru neerurava prayojanappeduthunnathinna eee sthalam thiranjedutthathu.
colonial vyavasaya quarter charitraparamaaya moravian bethlahem jillayude bhagamaanu, ithu 2012 ll oru deseeya charitraparamaaya naazhikakkallayi prakhyaapikkappedukayum pinneedu yuu. eiii. iii. ennu namakaranam cheyyappedukayum cheythu.ezz. loka paithruka pattikayilekkulla naamanirddeshathinaayi naamanirddeshathinaayi thaalkkaalika pattika. colonial vyavasaya quarter charitraparamaaya turkey trott trott, musicfest, celtic classic ennivayulppede niravadhi vaarshika paripaadikaludeyum uthsavangaludeyum sthaanam ennum ariyappedunnu.
vivaranavum charithravum.
"1741ll sthaapithamaaya eee pradeshathu oduvil muppathirandu vyavasaayangal undaayirunnu, avaa bethlahem eathaandu svayamparyaapthamaakkunna vividha uthppannangal nirmmikkunnathin noothana saankethika reethikal upayogichu.""
colonial vyavasaya kwaarttarile aadya varkshoppukal thudakkathil cheria maram kondulla gadanakalaayi nirmmichathaayirunnu. 1743 aayappozhekkum moraviyakkaar oru zoo mill, sopp mill, vaash houseukal, grist mill, oayil mill, taniniri, blacksmith shope, brass foundari enniva nirmmichu. 1747 aayappozhekkum kashap, tavery, clock maker, tinsmith, nailer, puterer, haattar, spinning, neythu, kooppar, dye house, community bekari, mezhukuthiri nirmmaathaav, linan bleachery, fulling mill, saddlery, thayyalkkaaran, cobbler, flacks prosessing, veelraitt, marappanikkaaran, kothupani enniva ulppede muppathiyanju karakaushala vasthukkalum vyaapaarangalum vyavasaayangalum sthaapikkappettu. valarunna oru samoohathinu nashtapariharam nalkunnathinaayi, 1740 kalude avasaanathil 1770 kalude arambham vare maram kondulla kettidangal valia chunnaambukallu kettidangalaal maattisthaapichu. maattisthaapichu madhyathode vyaapaarangalude ennam ekadesham 50 aayi uyarnnu, ithu akkaalathe american kolanikalile vyavasaayangalude ettavum valia kendreekaranamaayi maari.
joonn adams eee samooham sandarshichappol, bethlahem oru "kauthukakaravum sradheyavumaaya pattanam" aanennu addeham bhaarya abigailinu oru kathil (epril 1777) paranju, "avar mechanical kalakale njaan kanda mattethoru sthalathekkaalum mikacha poornathayilekku athichu...avarkk millukalude nalla settilmentaanullathu. evideyum kaanavunna mikacha grist millukalum boulting millukalum. ettavum mikacha fulling millukal, oru oayil mill, tanyardinaayi puramtholi araykkaan oru mill, ellah nirangalum chayam pooshiya oru dieing house, thuni murikkanulla yanthrangal "."
maarum madhyathode, 18-aamm noottaandile yadhaartha kettidangalil palathum mattu upayogangalilekku parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum chilath thakarukayum cheythu. cheythu eee pradesham oru automobile junk yardai maari. nagaratthinte charithrathilulla poura, saamskaarika thaalparyam colonial vyaavasaayika kwaarttarinte samrakshanathinu prerippikkukayum 1960-kalil nagara naveekaranatthinte oru kaalaghattathetthudarnnu saitt vrithiyaakkukayum cheythu. ithu puraavastu padanangalum punarudhaarana pravartthanangalum munnott kondupokaan anuvadichu, kaaranam panam samaaharichu.
monoxy kreekkinaduthulla pradesham vellappokkathin saadhyathayullathaanu. uyarnna vellathil ninnum avashishtangalil ninnum kettidangalkk undaaya naashanashtangal charitraparamaaya rekhakalil rekhappeduthiyittundu. niravadhi vellappokkangal cheliyum mannum avasheshippichu, ithu noottaandukalaayi colonial vyavasaya kwaarttarinte bhoonirapp ekadesham aarr adii uyarthi. ettavum shradheyamaayi innathe charmakkashanashaalayilekkulla praveshanam thaazhathe nilaykk eathaanum chuvadukalaanenkilum 1761ll ithu kurachu chuvadukal mukalilaayirunnu.
colonial industrial kwaarttarinte kettidangalum avashishtangalum bethlahem nagaratthinte udamasthathayilullathum 501 (sii) 3 laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna samghadanayaaya charitraparamaaya bethlahem myusiyangalkkum saittukalkkum deerghakaala paattatthinu nalkappettathumaan.
charitraparamaaya gadanakalum avashishtangalum.
manpathrangal nasippikkappedunnu.
manpaathrangalude avashishtangal central moravian palliyude padinjaaru bhaagathulla bethlahemile pradhana theruvil kaanam. 1749ll chunnaambukallu kondaanu 32 adii uyarathil eee kettidam nirmmichathu. x 35 adii. rund kathakalumaayi. charitraparamaayi, kettidangalkk melkoora tailukal, choodaakkaan tyle stau, plettukal, kappukal, pathrangal, paii plettukal, mattu aavasyangal enniva nirmmikkunna manpaathramaayi ithu upayogichirunnu. pinneedu onnaam nila thuni nirmmathaavinteyum stocking neythukaaranteyum kadayaayi maari. 1758ll randaam nila pathimoonnu vidhavakalude vaasasthalamaayi maari. 20-aamm noottaandinte arambham vare manpathrangal nilakondu, athu bhaagikamaayi thakarkkukayum braun stoon vaasasthalangalaayi maattukayum cheythu. cheythu nagara naveekarana samayat samrakshikkappetta yadhaartha kettidatthinte oru mathilinte shakalavum aditharayum maathramaan innu avasheshikkunnath. yaale sarvakalaashaalayile naravamshashaasthra, puraavastu vakupum eee sthalathu oru kuzhichu.
punarnirmmicha smith complexes.
pradhana theruvilulla manpaathra avashishtathinaduthaayi sthithi cheiyunna smith complexes 1750-ll nirmmikkukayum pinneedu 1761-ll vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu. 1829 vare thudarnnukondirunna neythukaaran, poottupanikkaaran, kammaran, tinsmith, thokku nirmmaathaav, thokku nirmmaathaav ennivarkkulla varkk roomukalum forgeukalum ulkkollunna eee complexil yadhaartha smith complexes polichuneekki irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil brounstoon vaasasthalangalaayi maatti. moravian aarkkaivukalude shekharangalil kandethiya vividha archival vibhavangale adisthaanamaakki 2004 ll yadhaartha aditharakalil nadatthiya poornnamaaya punarnirmmaanamaan innu athinte sthaanathu nilkkunnath. pathinettaam noottaandile oru praadeshika kalappurayil ninnu edutha chunnaambukallu upayogichaanu punarnirmmaanam nirmmichathu, athil ippozhum kedukoodaattha yadhaartha smithiyude nilavarayulla thotti ulppedunnu. innu 1750-kalude smith 1800-kalude madhyathil 18-aamm noottaandile saankethikavidyakal pradarshippikkunna vidagdha karakaushalathozhilaalikallu oru kammal kadaye vyaakhyaanikkunnu, ithu pothujanagalkk kaananum kammal klaasukal edukkaanum thurannirikkunnu.
ohiyo rooad.
smithikkum manpaathrangalkkum edayilulla kunnin mukalilekku nayikkunna ohiyo rooad ennariyappedunna oru nadappaatha monocasy kreekinu kuruke aadyakaala american indian pathayum paalavum pinthudarunnu. yadhaartha paalavum road 1766 leeii bethlahem padhathiyil kaanapedunnu. nilavile kallu paalam 1800 kalude thudakkathil nirmmichathaanu, innu ithu kaalnadayaathrakkaarude nadathapaathayaayi pravartthikkunnu.
vaattar varkkukal.
deseeya charitraparamaaya sivil enchiniyaring landmark (1971 ll prakhyapikkappettu), american vaattar landmark (1971 ll prakhyapikkappettu), deseeya charitraparamaaya landmark (1981 ll prakhyapikkappettu) enniva 1762 ll nirmikkappettu. amerikkayile aadyathe munisippal pump cheytha jala samvidaanamaayi ithu kanakkaakkappedunnu; oru undershot waterweel moonnu pambukalkku oorjjam nalkukayum central moravian palli ippol nilkkunna oru shekharana gopuratthilekku nirbandhitha spring vaattar athikkukayum cheiyunnu. gopuratthil ninnu kunnin mukalile anchu sthalangalilekku samoohathinte upayogathinaayi vellam ozhuki. kallinte ghadana, chakrakkuzhikal, pump eriya enniva ippozhum kedukoodaathe nilanilkkunnathinaal athu innu athinte yadhaartha roopathil ninnu adisthaanaparamaayi maattamillathe nilkkunnu. 1972ll ithu punasthaapikkappettu, athil moravian archives shekharathil kandethiya 18-aamm noottaandile yadhaartha maasttar kraaftmaanmaarude droingukal upayogichu kettidam, waterweel, pumping samvidaanam enniva punasthaapichu. 2004-ll ivaan chuzhalikkattil ninnu waterweelinu kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum 2009-ll save amerikkayude treasurers graantil ninnulla dhanasahaayathiloode attakuttappanikal nadathukayum cheythu. guided toorukalil innu eee saittil kettidatthinte yadhaartha uddeshyam vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu.
enna millukal thakarnnu.
jalanirmmaanathin kuruke irikkunna oayil mill avashishtangal ekadesham 1765 ll nirmmicha oayil mill kettidatthe prathinidheekarikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu eee paadatthil nirmmicha aadyathe oayil millayirunnilla. aadyathe enna millu 1745-ll nirmikkappettu, pilkkala enna millukale apekshichu valare cheruthaanu, enna vithu amarthal maathramaan athinte pravartthanam. samakaalika chithrangalile vaattarveelukalude abhavam kaaranam ithu jalathil pravartthikkunna pravarthanamaayirunnillenna yadhaartha millinte aadyakaala kalaparamaaya avatharanangal soochippikkunnu. 1752ll yadhaartha sthalathu ninnu ekadesham 200 adii thekk oru maram kondulla gadanayaayi ithu punarnirmikkappettu. eee puthiya millu vividha vyaavasaayika prakriyakalude sthalamaayirunnu, koodaathe ennakkurukkal, tanbark, chanam enniva samskarikkaan oru undershot waterweel upayogichu. 1752 enna millukal prathivarsham 750-1550 gaalan (2800-5900 littar) linseed oayil uthpaadippichu. 1763 november november undaaya theepidutthatthil 1752 enna millinu kedupaadukal sambhavichu, innathe avashishtatthinte sthaanathu 1765ll oru puthiya valia kallu enna millu nirmmichu. eee millil grottukal araykkunnathinulla adhika yanthrangalulla rund undershot waterweelukal undaayirunnu. buckweet, millatt, barley malt, splitt pease, pukayila snuff thudangiya soukarya pravarthanangalil adhika uthppannangal cherkkum, ithu pathinettaam noottaandile bethlahemile ettavum vaividhyamaarnna soukaryangalilonnaayum labhakaramaaya vyavasayangalilonnaayum maarum. maarum thudakkathil, bethlahemile maarikkondirunna sambadvyavastha marikadakkaan kazhiyaatha pravartthana kammi srishtikkukayum 1814-ll millinte pravartthanangal avasaanikkukayum cheythu. adutha nooru varshathekku ithu vaadaka millermaarum pinneedu 81 varshathekku maattippaarppicha vaattar varkkukalayum upayogichu. typhoid, vayarilakkam enniva pottippurappedaan kaaranamaaya neeruravaykkullil pariharikkaanaavaattha jalamalineekaranam kaaranam 1913-ll ithu adachupootti. monocasy kreekkinu kuruke mathilukal nilanirthaan upayogicha kallukal upayogichu 1934-ll oayil mill polichuneekki. enna millinte adithara maathramaan innu avasheshikkunnath.
punarnirmmicha spring house.
1747ll nirmmicha aadyathe neerurava, jalathinte valare thanutha thaapanila upayogichu kedaakunna bhakshyavasthukkalkkayi sambharikkunnathinaayi neeruravaykku mukalil nirmmicha oru cheria kallu gadanayaayirunnu. prathidinam oru dasalaksham gaalan enna nirakkil ozhukunna eee neeruravayude vellam mannilayile valia paarakalilekku ozhuki, avide moravianmaar avarude ksheera uthppannangal, pachakkarikal, paal niracha redware kalangal enniva sthaapichu. maamsam, mutta, chees, venna, pazhangal, pachakkarikal enniva sookshikkunnathinaayi kammyoonittiyile oro gaayakasamghathinum kettidatthil svanthamaayi shelf undaayirunnu. 1764-ll oru valia maram kondulla ghadana sthaapikkukayum samanamaaya oru kettidam pinneedu 1970-kalil punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu. 1900 kalude arambham vare eee neerurava bethlahem nagarathinu vellam nalki, athu malineekaranam moolam adachu.
tennery.
1743ll grist millinte (innathe luckenback mill) teyil resinte kizhakk bhagathaayi oru cheria maram kondulla gadanayaayittaanu eee tannery nirmmichathu. samooham valarnnappol, tanning pravartthanavum 1761-ll wall malsarathinte padinjaaru bhaagath oru valuthum sthiravumaaya kallu ghadanayum nirmikkappettu. aadyakaala bethlahemil thukal oru pradhana vasthuvum vilapetta charakkumaayirunnu, ithu taaniriyude aavasyakatha kooduthal vardhippichu. 1760 aayappozhekkum colonial moraviyakkaar varsham thorum charmasaalayil mrugangalude tholikal samskarikkukayum vasthrangal, shoos, harnesukal, yanthrangalude bhagangal thudangiya vaividhyamaarnna thukal uthppannangal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. 1829 vare moraaviyakkaaraan eee charmakkachavadam nadathiyirunnathu, 1873ll taanbaarkkinte vardhichuvarunna vila kaaranam charmakkachavadam nirtthi. kettidam pinneedu vividha pravarthanangalkkaayi upayogikkukayum oduvil oru junk yard kondu chuttapetta oru vaadaka veedaayi maarunnathuvare vashalaavukayum cheythu. cheythu 1968num idayil ithu punasthaapichu.
kashap nasham.
1752ll nirmmicha kettidatthinte avasheshikkunna bhaagathe kashap puraavastu avashishtangal prathinidheekarikkunnu, adithara mathilukal maathrame nilavilulloo. pathinettaam noottaandile chithreekaranangal oru aravushaalayaayi pravartthikkunna oru rund nila kettidam kaanikkunnu, athu samoohathinu mamsavum aduthulla charmakkashanangalkk toppiyum nalkunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil ithu oru alakkal, shucheekarana bisinasaayi parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum pinneedu 1960-kalil nagara naveekarana padhathiyude bhaagamaayi thakarkkappedukayum cheythu. foundeshan ozhikeyulla cheria avashishtangal innu avasheshikkunnu.
dye house thakarnnu.
1771ll nirmmicha chunnaambukallu kettidamaaya dye house, chayam pooshal pravartthanangal nadanna padinjaaru oru nila vibhaagamulla rund nilakalulla moonnu bay kettidamaayi nilakondu. indigo (neela), madder (chuvapp), logwood (purple), phastik (manja) thudangiya prakrithidatha padaarthangalaanu linan, kottan, silk thudangiya thunitharangalkku chayam pooshunnathinu upayogichirunnathu. 1746-ll grist mill teyil raceil aadyam nirmmicha randaamathe dye housinaayi 1752-ll innathe avashishtangalude sthalathinaduthaayi oru adhika dye house nirmmichu. nirmmichu dye housile pravartthanangal nirthalaakkiya sesham kettidam sambharanathinum veedukalkkumaayi upayogichu. upayogichu veedu bhaagikamaayi thakarkkukayum kallu mattu gadanakalude nirmmaanathinu upayogikkukayum cheythu. innu adithara, mathilukal, janalakal enniva ulkkollunna avasheshikkunna avashishtangal yaale sarvakalaashaalayile naravamshashaasthra, puraavastu vakupp anweshicha oru puraavastu sthalamaanu.
grist mill (luckenback mill).
innu luckenback mill ennariyappedunna kettidamaakunnathinu munbu grist mill niravadhi kettida aavarthanangalkk vidheyamaayi. 1743ll nirmmicha yadhaartha thadi maav millu pinneedu 1751ll vellapokka naashanashtangal moolam oru chunnaambukallu gadanayaal maattisthaapichu. 1869ll theepidutthatthil eee kettidam nasippikkappedukayum innu kaanunna kettidam aaa varshavasaanam nirmmikkappedukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum 1751 millinte vadakkum kizhakkum mathilukalude bhagangal ippozhum drishyamaanu. 1877ll neeravi oorjjathinte aadhunika naveekaranangalum 1882ll alis roller mill samvidaanavum 1893ll 25,000 bushel graine elivettarum labhicha colonial vyaavasaayika paadatthile ettavum neendunilkkunna vyavasaayangalilonnayi eee mill thudarnnu. irupathaam noottaand vare luckenback mill thudarchayaayi upayogathilundaayirunnu, 1949ll ellah milling avasaanikkunnathin munbu kramena maavil ninnu dhaanyathilekku maari. 1952ll oru oottoo parts dealer ithu vaangi, colonial vyaavasaayika paadam muzhuvan oru automobile jankyardaayi maatti. 1982ll kettidam punasthaapichu. nilavil ghadanayil paripaadikalum vidyaabhyaasa sthalavum charitraparamaaya bethlahem myusiyangalkkum saittukalkkumulla library aarkkaivukalum undu.
grist millarude veedum poonthottavum.
1784ll bethlaheminte pothu sambadvyavasthayude avasaanathinushesham nirmmicha grist millarude veedu oru vyaapaarathil oru maasttarude aadyathe vyakthigatha vasathiyaayirunnu. oru nilayulla chunnaambukallum oru aditharayum kondu nirmmicha eee kettidam millerk kudumbatthinum oru veedaayirunnu. 1834ll veedu vipuleekarikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum vare oru thaamasthalamaayi upayogikkukayum pinneedu pinneedu avasaanam vare charitraparamaaya bethlahem myusiyangalkkum saittukalkkumulla prograaming sthalamaayum offeesukalaayum upayogikkukayum cheythu. 1973ll charitraparamaaya sthalangalude deseeya rajisttaril ithu vyakthigathamayi pattikappedutthiyirunnu. kettidam nilavil punarudhaaranatthinaayi kaathirikkukayaanu. millarude veedinu purathu 1870 muthal jarmman naalu chathurashra plan maathrkayilulla millarude garden undu. vinteju rosaappookkalum aushadhasasyangalum polulla kaala sasyajaalangal ulkkollunna eee garden bethlahem garden klabbaanu paripaalikkunnath.

