
memory vipuleekarichu

doses memory maanejmentil, parambaraagatha memmariyude (640 kib) paridhikkappuramulla prograamukalkku adhika memory nalkunna baank switching samvidaanamaanu extended memory.
"extended memory" ennathu poruthappedaattha niravadhi saankethikavidya vakabhedangalude oru kudakkeezhaanu. thamara software, intal, microsopht enniva samyukthamaayi vikasippichedutha extended memory specification (ems) aayirunnu ettavum vyaapakamaayi upayogichirunna vakabhedam, athinaal eee specificatione chilappol "limm ems" ennu vilikkaarund. limm emsinu niravadhi pathippukal undaayirunnu. vyaapakamaayi nadappaakkiya aadyathe pathipp ems 3.2 aayirunnu, ithu 8 emm. aii. bii. vare vipuleekritha memory pinthunaykkukayum vipuleekritha memmariyude bhagangal mapp cheiyunnathinu periferalukalumaayulla (upper memory) aashayavinimayathinayi saadhaaranayaayi samarppichirikkunna vilasa sthalathinte bhagangal upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. limm ems 3. x-maayi malsarikkunna vipuleekritha memory maanejment staanderdaaya eems, aast research, kwadrum, aashtan-tettu ("akaa") enniva vikasippicheduthaanu; ithinu thaazhathe 1 emm. aii. biyude eathu pradeshavum mapp cheyyaan kazhiyum. 32 emm. aii. bii. vare vipuleekaricha memory pinthunaykkukayum doses multitaskingin kurachu pinthuna nalkukayum cheytha limm iii. emm. ezz 4.0-ll eemukal aathyanthikamayi ulppeduthi. ennirunnaalum, ibm exma enna peril svanthamaayi extended memory staanderd srishtichu.
1980kalude avasaanathil muthal 1990kalude madhyam vare thamara <aii. dii. 1> polulla geyimukalilum bisinus prograamukalilum vipuleekritha memmariyude upayogam saadhaaranamaayitheernnu, ennaal upayokthaakkal dossil ninnu linux, aii. bii. emm. oo. ezz/2, microsopht windos thudangiya samrakshitha-mooad operating systengalilekku mariyathinaal athinte upayogam kuranju.
pashchaathalam.
ibm pcyudeyum ibm pisi/ekstinteyum 8088 prosessorinu oru megabite (eimbi, allengil 220 bitukal) memory kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyum. intal 8086-nte 20-bitt ekstenal adrus basil (mothatthilulla memory addressing architecture) ninnu ithu eee paridhi paarambaryamaayi nedi. computerinte designermar reed-raitt prograam memory (raam), "parambaraagatha memory" ennu vilikkunna kuranja 640 kib (bitukal) adrus space anuvadichu, backie 384 kib memory space sisttam bios, viidiyoo memory, expansion peripheral bordukalile memory thudangiya upayogangalkkayi neekkivachirunnu.
1984ll avatharippicha aii. bii. emm. pisi eiii. tii. yill 16 emm. bii. raam vare extended memmariyaayi abhisambodhana cheyyaan kazhiyunna 80286 chipp upayogichirunnuvenkilum, athu protected modil maathrame cheyyaan kazhiyoo. samrakshitha modumaayi poruthappedunna softweyarinte abhavam (staanderd doses aaplikkeshanukalkku athil pravartthikkaan kazhiyilla) ardhamaakkunnathu vipani mattoru parihaaratthinaayi ippozhum thurannirikkukayaanu ennaanu.
kooduthal memory axus cheiyunnathinaayi, oru baank switching skeem aavishkarichu, athil adhika memmariyude thiranjeduttha bhagangal maathrame eathu samayathum axus cheyyaan kazhiyoo. yadhaarthathil, peju frame ennu vilikkunna 64 kib (216 bitukal) memory vindo upayogichu; pinneedu ithu kooduthal vazhakkamullathakki. vipuleekaricha memory axus cheiyunnathinu prograamukal oru prathyeka reethiyil ezhuthendathundu. parambaraagatha memoric vipuleekaricha memoric edayilulla "vindo" vipuleekaricha memmariyile vividha lokkeshanukal axus cheiyunnathinu krameekarikkaan kazhiyum.
oru baank switching saankethikavidya upayogikkaanulla aadya sramam avarude jaam bordukalulla uyaramulla trea sistangalaanu nadathiyathenkilum avaa vijayichilla. (uyaramulla vruksha samvidaanangal pinneedu athe jram brand upayogichu ems adisthaanamaakkiyulla boardukal nirmmichu.)
extended memory specification (iii. emm. ezz).
thamara vikasanam, intal, microsopht enniva ems staanderd (limm ems) vikasippikkaan sahakarichu. pothuvaayi labhyamaya iii. emm. esinte aadyathe pathippaya pathipp 3. extended memmariyude 4 emm. aii. bii vare axus anuvadichu. specificationte 3.2-aamm pathipp upayogichu ithu 8 emm. aii. biyayi uyarthi. iii. emm. esinte avasana pathippaya pathipp 4.0 vipuleekaricha memmariyude paramavadhi alavu 32 emm. aii. bii aayi vardhippikkukayum adhika pravartthanatthe pinthunaykkukayum cheythu.
baank switching oru anuchithavum thaalkkaalikavum ennaal aavashyamaaya stopp gapp nadapadiyaanennu microsopht karuthi. oru abhimukhathil bill gates meshappurathu thante mushti adichu vipuleekaricha ormmayekkurichu paranju, "ithu maalinyamaan! athoru kankuruvaanu! ... pakshe njangal athu cheyyaan pookunnu ". 1985 leeii vasanthakaalath comdexil staanderd samaarambhikkaan kambanikal padhathiyittu, niravadhi vipuleekarana card, software kambanikal avarude pinthuna prakhyaapichu.
1985ll ems staanderdinte aadya pothu pathipp puratthirangi; ennirunnaalum, ems 3.2 marikadakkunnathinu munbu ems 3.0 hardware nadappakkalukalonnum kandilla. ems 3.2 mukalile 384 kib (upper memory eriya) yill 64 kib mekhala upayogichu, ithu naalu 16 kib pejukalaayi vibhajichirikkunnu, ithu vipuleekaricha memmariyude bhagangal mapp cheyyaan upayogikkaam.
ithaakatte, ams 3.2 mechappeduthunnathu mattu moonnu kambanikalude oru koottamaanu aast research, kwadrum, aashtan-tettu, avar svanthamaayi mechappeduthiya ems (aems) staanderd srishtichu. intereptukalumaayo network allengil viidiyoo cardukal polulla samarppita aii/oo memmariyumaayo bandhamillaathidatholam kaalam, thaazhathe raamile eathu 16 kib mekhalayum vipuleekritha memmariyilekku mapp cheyyaan eemukal anuvadichu. athinaal, muzhuvan prograamukalum adhika ramil ninnum akathekkum puratthekkum switch cheyyaan kazhiyum. rund settu mapping rajistarukalkkum eems pinthuna chertthu. desque polulla aadyakaala doses multitaskar softweyarukalaanu eee savisheshathakal upayogichathu. 1987ll purathirangiya limm ems 4.0 specificationil praayogikamaayi eeminte ellah savisheshathakalum ulppeduthi.
limm ems 4.0-ll cherttha oru puthiya savisheshatha, ems boardukalkku onniladhikam settu peju-mapping rajisttarukal (64 settukal vare) undayirikkaam ennathaanu. ithu oru aadima roopathilulla doses multitasking anuvadichu. ennirunnaalum, oru boardinu ethra rajisttar settukal undaayirikkanamennu staanderd vyakthamaakkiyittillena munnariyipp nalki, athinaal ekkaaryathil hardware nadappakkalukalkkidayil valia vyathiyaanamundaayirunnu.
vipuleekritha memmariyude upayogam vivarikkunna savisheshathayaanu vipuleekritha memory specification (ems). software interapt 67h vazhi ems functionukal axus cheyyaavunnathaanu. ems upayogikkunna prograamukal aadyam instaal cheytha extended memory maanejarude (emm) saannidhyam sthaapikkanam, upakaranathinte peru emxxx 0 ulla oru upakarana driver parisodhikkuka.
extended memory adapter (exma).
extended memory adapter (exma) enna peril ibm svanthamaayi memory staanderd vikasippichu; athinte ibm doses driver exmm aayirunnu.sii. ezz. iii. emm. esil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, aii. bii. emm vipuleekarana boardukal vipuleekaricha memory modalum vipuleekritha memoryumaayi abhisambodhana cheyyaan kazhiyum. exma boardukal upayogikkunna vipuleekaricha memory hardware interface, ennirunnaalum, emsumayi poruthappedunnilla, pakshe oru exma2emmukalaanu.ezz. aii. ezz driver ex. emm. eiii bordukalkkaayi iii. emm. ezz. emulation nalki. 3270 pisiyude 1986 (naveekaricha) modalukalkkaanu exma boardukal aadyamaayi avatharippichathu.
nadappaakkal.
vipuleekarana boardukal.
peripheral adrus speysilekku oru memory vindo ulppeduthunnathu yadhaarthathil computerinte aii. ezz. eiii. expansion basil plug inn cheythirikkunna nirddishta expansion bordukaliloode maathrame cheyyaan kazhiyoo. 1980kalil prashasthamaaya vipuleekaricha memory boardukal aast rampej, ibm ps/2 80286 memory expansion oopshan, ettu & tii expanded memory adapter, boardinu mukalilulla intal ennivayaayirunnu. eee kaalayalavil raaminte vila, oru emm. aii. bii. kku noorukanakkinu dollar vare, melpparanja brand naamangalude gunanilavaaravum prasasthiyum kanakkiledukkumbol, vipuleekaricha memory board valare chelaveriyathaayirunnu.
motherboard chipsettukal.
pinneedu, intal 80286 adisthaanamaakkiyulla computerukalude chila motherboard chipsettukal aadu-oonn boardukal aavashyamillaatha oru vipuleekritha memory skeem nadappilaakki, prathyekichu vrithiyulla chipsett. saadhaaranayaayi, software svichukal "extended memory" aayi ethra memory upayogikkanamennum "extended memory" aayi ethra upayogikkanamennum nirnnayikkunnu.
upakarana drivermar.
oru vipuleekritha memory boardinu, oru hardware peripheral aayathinal, athinte sevanangal kayattumathi cheiyunna oru software device driver aavasyamaanu. atharamoru device drivere extended memory maanejar ennu vilichirunnu. athinte peru variable aayirunnu; munbu soochippicha boardukal reme upayogichu.sys (ast), ps2emm.sii. aii. ezz (aii. bii. emm), eiii. iii. emm. emm.sii. aii. ezz (eiii. tii & tii), iii. emm. emm.yathaakramam sii. aii. ezz (intal). pinneedu, intal 80386 prosessor aavasyamulla software mathramulla pariharangalumaayi eee padaprayogam bandhappettirikkunnu, udaaharanathinu kwarterdekkinte kemm, kwaalittaas 386maiks allengil ems-doses, pisi doses, doorr-doses ennivayile sthirasthithi em 386.
software anukaranam.
1986 muthal, intal 80386 prosessorinte biltt-inn memory maanejment savisheshathakal legazy riyal-mooad software pravartthippikkumbol vilasa idam swathanthramaayi maathrkayaakki, ithu hardware parihaarangale anaavashyamaakkunnu. vipuleekaricha memory softweyaril anukarikkaan kazhiyum.
aadyathe software extended memory "maanejment" (emulation) prograam sem aayirunnu, ithu 1986 septambaril compac descapro 386-nte oru yoottilittiyayi labhyamaayirunnu. janapriyavum mikacha savisheshathakalullathumaaya vaanijya pariharam kwarterdekkinte kemm aayirunnu. kwaalittaas '386maiks aayirunnu oru malsaraarthi. pravartthanam pinneedu 1989-ll ems-doses 4.01-lum 1990-ll doow. doses 5.0-lum emm386 aayi samyojippichu.
software extended-memory maanejarmaar pothuve adhikavum ennaal adutha bandhamullathumaaya pravartthanam vaagdaanam cheythu. prathyekichum, "upper memory blokkukal" (ammi) ennu vilikkunna upper memory eriyayude (uma) (riyal-mooad adrus spacinte mukalile 384 kib) bhagangal upayogikkaan avar anuvadikkukayum cheria prograamukal, saadhaaranayaayi terminate-aandu-stey-resident prograamukal ("lodhi" allengil "looad hye") loducheyyunnathinulla upakaranangal nalkukayum cheythu.
extended memory, extended memory emulation, doses ekstendarukal enniva thammilulla edapedal exms, vertual kantrol prograam interface (vcp), doses protected mooad interface (dpmi), doses protected mooad sarveesas (dpms) savisheshathakal ennivayaal niyantrikkappettu.
samsaarabhashayil limulatorukal ennariyappedunna chila emulation prograamukal madarboardineyo 80386 savisheshathakaleyo aasrayikkunnilla. pakaram, avar extended memory vindoikaayi bays raaminte 64 kib reserve cheythu, avide aaplikkeshan prograamukal peju svichukal abhyarthikkumbol extended memmariyilekko haard diskileko daatta pakarthi. ithu prograam reethiyil nadappilakkaan eluppamaayirunnu, pakshe prakadanam kuravaayirunnu. mukalil paranja softweyaril ninnulla abovdisk, niravadhi shareware prograamukal ennivar eee saankethikavidya vaagdaanam cheythu.
286 sipiyasil exms memory upayogichu emm286 (amm286) polulla moonnaam kakshi yoottilittikal upayogichu ems anukarikkaanum kazhiyum.sii. aii. ezz driver).
kurayunnu.
1990kalil memory upayogam kuranju. intal 80286-leeii ibm samrakshitha modil 24 bitt vilasa idathe (16 eimbi) pinthunaykkukayum 386 32-bitt vilaasangale pinthunaykkukayum cheythu, allengil 4 jigabite (232) raam-yadhaartha 8086-nte 4096 madangu abhisambodhana cheyyaavunna idam. doses thanne samrakshitha modine nerittu pinthunaykkunnilla, pakshe microsopht oduvil dpmi vikasippikkukayum athinte adisthaanathil niravadhi doses ekstendarukal prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. doom" polulla doses prograamukalkku doses api upayogikkumbozhum samrakshitha modil pravarthippikkaan doses/4jii polulla ekstendarukal upayogikkaam. 1990kalude thudakkathil linux, windos 9x, windos enty, oesu/2, bsd/oesu thudangiya puthiya operating sisttangal "outtu oof dhaa boxes" enna samrakshitha modine pinthunachu. ivayum samanamaaya sambhavavikasangalum vipuleekaricha oormmaye kaalaharanapetta oru aashayamaakki maatti.
samanamaaya ashayangal.
mattu plaattphomukal athe adisthaana ashayam nadappaakkiyittund-pradhana vilasa sthalathinu purathulla adhika memory-ennaal saankethikamaayi poruthappedaattha vazhikalil