yaachichu

parasparam oru prathiphalavum pratheekshikkaattha oru anugraham, palappozhum oru pana sammanam nalkaan mattullavarodu abhyarthikkunna reethiyaanu bhikshaadanam (panhandling). angane cheiyunna oraale yaachakan allengil panhandler ennu vilikkunnu. gathagatha roottukal, nagara paarkkukal, vipanikal thudangiya pothusthalangalil yachakar pravartthikkaam. panatthinu purame, avar bhakshanam, paaneeyam, sigaratt allengil mattu cheria vasthukkal ennivayum chodichekkaam.
vyakthiparamayi panam nalkunnathinupakaram internettu vazhi mattullavarkk panam nalkaan aalukalodu aavashyappedunna aadhunika reethiyaanu internettu bhikshaadanam. internettu bhikshaadanathil medical paricharanavum paarppidavum polulla adisthaana aavasyangal niravettunnathinulla abhyarthanakalum avadikkaalam, school yathrakal, yaachakan aagrahikkunna ennaal sukhakaramallaatha mattu karyangal ennivaykkaayi panam nalkaanulla aalukalodulla abhyarthanakalum ulppettekkaam.
chila sanyasimar panam aavasyappedaathathinaal yachakar mathavishwaasikalil ninnu vyathyastharaan. mathaparamaya sevanam, dhaarmika vidyaabhyaasam, samskaaram samrakshikkal ennivayude vividha roopangal samoohathinu nalkunnathiloode avarude upajeevanamaargam parasparam prathifalikkunnu.
charithram.
rekhappeduthappetta charithratthinte thudakkam muthal manushya samoohathil yachakar nilanilkkunnund. lokamembaadumulla mikka samoohangalilum theruvu bhikshaadanam nadannittundu, ennirunnaalum athinte vyaapanavum krithyamaaya roopavum vyathyaasappettirikkunnu.
grease.
purathana greekkukaar "penez" (greeka πένης, "sajeeva daridrar"), "πtōchós" (greeka πτωχος, "nishkriya daridrar") enniva thammil verthiricharinju. penez" oru joliyulla oraalaayirunnu, upajeevanathin maathram mathiyaakilla, athesamayam "ptochos" poornnamaayum mattullavare aasrayichirikkunnu. advaanikkunna paavappettavarkk uyarnna saamoohika padavi nalki. samoohathile ettavum dayaneeyamaaya bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna "pavappettavar" ennu saadhaaranayaayi vivarthanam cheyyappedunna "tokosinte" rakshakan enna yeshuvinte padaviyekkurichulla niravadhi paraamarshangal puthiya niyamathil adangiyirikkunnu. dhanikan laasarumaaya upamayil lazarine 'tokos' ennu vilikkukayum kadutha daaridryathil jeevikkunnathaayi avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
grettu brittan.
"saadhaarana sapikkunnavarkkulla oru munnariyipp allengil munnariyipp, ashleelamaayi wagabonds ennu vilikkappedunnu", 1566 ll thomas harman aanu aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu. aadyakaala aadhunika englandil ninnulla mattoru udaaharanam, roobert green thante cooney-catching laghulekhakalil "cooney-catchinginte prathirodham" enna thalakkettukal ulkkollunnu, athil "prashastharaaya" aalukalkkidayil ithilum moshamaaya kuttakrithyangal kandethaamenn addeham vaadichu. "1728ll joonn geey ezhuthiya moonnu naadakangalulla oru balled oopparayaanu "dhii begars ooppara". "dhii life aandu advenchezhs oof bampfielde muur carro" 1745-laanu aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu. aadhunika kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil niravadhi europian rajyangalil samanamaaya ezhuthukaar undu.
jaaksan jeey. pathinettaam noottaandil nagarangalilum graamapradesangalilum daaridryam valare prakadamaaya oru prashnamaayirunnu... bolognayile yachakar janasamkhyayude 25 shathamaanamaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu; mainsil, kanakkukal soochippikkunnathu 30 sathamaanam aalukalum yaachakaro veshyakalo aayirunnu ennaanu... noottaandinte avasaanathode fraansilum brittanilum 10 sathamaanam aalukal avarude bhakshanathinaayi jeevakaarunya pravartthanangaleyo yaachanakaleyo aashrayichirunnathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu."
navothaanam muthalulla britiish pavapetta niyamangal yaachichathin vividha niyanthranangal earppeduthi. vividha samayangalil, bhikshaadanam bhinnasheshikkaarkk maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. mattu thozhilavasarangal nedaan kazhiyaathavarkk cheria alavil bhakshanathinu pakaramaayi palappozhum gurutharamaaya saahacharyangalil jolie cheyyaan nirbandhitharaakunna sarkkar niyantritha sthaapanamaaya workhouseyi eee samvidaanam vikasichu. 20-aamm noottaandile shemaraashtram samsthaananidhiyil ninnu paavappettavarude aavasyangal nerittu niravettikkondu yaachakarude ennam valareyadhikam kurachu.
india.
bhikshaadanam indiayile oru purathana saamoohika prathibhaasamaan. madhyakaalathum munkaalathum bhikshaadanam parambaraagatha saamoohika gadanaykkullil sweekarikkappetta sveekaaryamaaya oru thozhilaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 2015ll 500,000-thiladhikam yaachakarulla eee bhikshayum bhikshayum indiayil ippozhum vyaapakamaayi nadappaakkappedunnu.
samakaalika indiayil, yachakar palappozhum arharallennu kalankappeduthappedunnu. yachakar niraalambarallenn aalukal palappozhum vishwasikkukayum pakaram avare professional yachakar ennu vilikkukayum cheiyunnu. bhikshaadana thattippukalekkurichu vishalamaaya daaranayundu. yaachakarum mattu bhavanarahitharum valareyadhikam niralambarum durbalarumaanennu avakaashappedunna ashray adhikara abhiyaan polulla thaazhethattil ninnulla gaveshana samghadanakal eee kaazhchappaad nishedhikkunnu. 99 sathamaanam purushanmaarum 97 sathamaanam sthreekalum kadutha daaridryam, grameena gramangalil ninnulla durita kudiyettam, thozhilillaayma enniva kaaranam yaachakathvam pinthudarunnathaayi avarude padanangal soochippikkunnu.
chaina.
ming rajavamsham.
ming rajavamsham sthaapithamaayathinushesham beijingile niravadhi karshakarum thozhilillaatha thozhilaallikalum athijeevikkaan yachikkaan nirbandhitharaayi. mikka vyakthikaludeyum chelavazhichedukkaavunna varumanam parimithappedutthiya uyarnna nikuthikal kaaranam ming kaalaghattatthil yaachikkunnath prathyekichum budhimuttaayirunnu. beijingile kadinamaaya shaithyakaalam yachakarkku budhimutteriya velluviliyaayirunnu. maravippikkunnathuvare marikkathirikkaan, chila yachakar ratri avarude warehouseil urangaan portermark oru chembu nanayam nalki. thanuppinte vedana ozhivakkaan mattullavar valathil kuzhichidaanum arsenic kazhikkaanum thirinju. oro varshavum aayirakkanakkin yachakar visham kazhichum moolakangalude sanbarkkam moolam marikkunnu.
yaachichuthudanguka ennathu chilarude praadhamika thozhilaayirunnu. professional yachakar" niralambaraayi kanakkaakkappettirunnum bhakshyadhanyangal, vasthrangal, paarppidam thudangiya sarkkar sahayam sweekarikkaan avare anuvadichillennum oru kwing rajavamsha srothass vivarikkunnu. vazhiyaathrakkaaril ninnu nanayangal sambaadikkaan bhikshaadakar palappozhum mrugangale avatharippikkukayo parisheelippikkukayo cheiyumaayirunnu. bhikshakkar mingle thaazhnna padaviyullavaraayirunnuve veshyakal, vinodasanchaarikal, oottakkaar, sainikar ennivarekkaal uyarnna saamoohika sthaanamaanamullavaraayi avar kanakkaakkappettirunnu.
chila vyakthikal yachakar muthaledukkukayum "yachaka medaavikalaayi" maarukayum cheythu. yachakarkku bhakshanathinte roopathil suraksha nalkiyirunna yaachakamedhaavikalkk pakaram yaachakarude dainamdina varumaanathinte oru bhagam kappamaayi labhichu. yachaka medhaavikal palappozhum avarude micha varumanam yachakarkku thirike nalkukayum palisha eedaakkukayum cheythu, ithu avarude prajakale adimathathilekku nayikkunnu. yaachakamedhaavikalkk ganyamaaya sambathu nedaan kazhiyumenkilum avare thaazhnna vargga pouranmaaraayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. yachaka thalavan enna padavi palappozhum kudumbarekhayiloode kadannupokukayum thozhil maattangaliloode oru vyakthiyumayi chernnu nilkkukayum cheythirunnu.
mathaparamaya yaachi.
hindumatham, sufism, budhamatham, kristhumatham ennivayulppede chila vibhaagangalile anuyaayikalkk pinthunayude sveekaaryamaaya maarggamaayi pala mathangalum yaachikkunnathine nirddeshichittundu, koodaathe chila anuyaayikalkk laukika kaaryangalil earppedaanulla saadhyathayillaathe athmeeya vikasanathil maathram shradha kendreekarikkaan oru maargam nalkunnu.
hindumathathil 'bhiksha', kristhumathatthil 'chaarity' thudangiya mathaparamaya aadarshangal koodaathe mattullava daanadharmmathe prothsaahippikkunnu. daanatthiloode daivathinu sammanangal nalkaanulla eee badhyatha shethrangal, pallikal thudangiya mathaparamaya sthalangalkku purathu daivathinte peril yachikkunna sanyaasimaarkk udaaramaaya sambhavanakal undaakunnathine vishadeekarikkunnu.
joodaayisathil sedaca oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu. masser kesafim enna jootha sanbradaayathinu oraalude varumaanathinte 10 sathamaanam dhanaparamaya dashaamshamaayi nalkendathundu, kooduthalum paavappettavarkk nalkanam.
charitraparamaaya gauthama buddhan thanne cheythathupole, budhamathathil, sanyasimaarum kanyaasthreekalum parambaraagathamaayi bhikshaadanam nadathiyaanu jeevikkunnath. sanyaasimaarkk bhakshanam, marunnukal, mattu avasyavasthukkal enniva nalkikkond saadhaaranakkaarkku mathaparamaya yogyatha nedaan ithu mattu kaaranangalkkoppam aanu. sanyaasimaarkk bhakshanathinaayi apekshikkendathu apoorvamaanu; aadhunika mianmer, thayland, cambodia, vietnaam, mattu budhamatha raajyangaliludaneelamulla gramangalilum pattanangalilum, sanyaasimaarkk bhakshanam nalkunnathinaayi ellah divasavum raavile praadeshika kshethrathilekkulla vazhiyil veeshunna veettammamaare palappozhum kaanam. kizhakkan eshyayil sanyasimaarum kanyaasthreekalum krishi cheiyukayo swantham bhakshanam nalkunnathinaayi jolie cheiyukayo cheiyumennu pratheekshichirunnu.
baibil roopamaaya yeshu lalithamaaya jeevithamaan nayichathennu parayappedunnu. oru staaf allathe mattonnum edukkaruthu-appam, bagg, belttil panamilla-marichu cheruppu dharikkanum rund tunix dharikkathirikkaanum" addeham thante shishyanmaare prothsaahippichathaayi parayappedunnu."
muun yachakanaaya suu yuwanshang aanu ming chaina sthaapichathu. shaamam moolam kuttikkaalathu anaathanaaya suu yuwanshang sahaayathinaayi huwangju shethrathilekku thirinju. kshethrathile thaamasakkaare sahayikkaan vibhavangal theernnappol addeham bhakshanathinaayi yachikkunna chainayil sanjarikkunna oru sanyasi sanyasiyaayi.
niyamaparamaaya niyanthranangal.
pothu kramam samrakshikkaano yachikkunnathinupakaram aalukale jolie cheyyaan prerippikkaano ulla aagrahathe chuttippattiyaan vividha samayangalilum vividha kaaranangalal bhikshaadanam niyanthrikkukayo nirodhikkukayo cheythirikkunnathu. vividha europian pavapetta niyamangal navothaanam muthal aadhunika kaalam vare, falapraapthiyudeyum nadappaakkalinteyum vyathyastha thalangalil bhikshaadanam nirodhichatho niyanthrichatho aanu. samanamaaya niyamangal pala vikaswara raajyangalum sweekarichu.
"aakramanathmaka panhandling" americayileyum canadayileyum vividha adhikaaraparidhikalil niyamam prathyekamaayi nirodhichittundu, saadhaaranayaayi sthiramaayatho bhayappeduthunnatho aaya bhikshaadanam ennu nirvachikkappedunnu.
afgaanisthaan.
kaabool, herat, masra-iii-sherief ennividangalil kooduthalum nilanilkkunna afgaanisthaanil bhikshaadanam nirodhichirikkunnu.
austreliya.
australiyayile oro samsthaanathinum pradeshathinum yachikkunnathum panhandling sambandhichu prathyeka niyamangalund. victoria, southu austreliya, vadakkan pradesham, queensland, tasmania ennividangalil bhikshaadanam cheiyunnathu niyamavirudhamaanu.
austriya.
raajyavyaapakamaayi nirodhanamillengilum niravadhi federal samsthaanangalil ithu niyamavirudhamaanu.
bellarus.
belaarasil yaachikkunnath niyamaparamaan.
beljiyam.
beljiyathil bhikshaadanam niyamaparamaanenkilum munisippaalittikalkk athu niyantrikkaam.
brazeel.
brazeelil yachikkunnathum niyamaprakaaram nalkappedunna vaidyasahaayam sweekarikkunnathum niyamaparamaan (savisheshamaaya aarogya samvidaanam).
bulgaria.
shiksha niyamathile article 329 prakaram bulgariayil chittayaya bhikshaadanam niyamavirudhamaanu.
canada.
ontaariyo pravishya 1999 ll prathyeka tharatthilulla bhikshaadanangal, prathyekichu "aakramanathmaka" allengil adhikshepakaramaaya bhikshaadanatthinte chila churungiya nirvachikkapetta kesukal niyantrikkunnathinaayi athinte saphe streets act avatharippichu. 2001ll canadian charter oof raitts aandu freedamsinu keezhil eee niyamam sharivachu. 2007 januvariyil ontaariyoyile appeel kodathi eee niyamam veendum sharivachu.
panhandilarmaarude rashtreeya avakaashangalkkaayi pooraadunna ottaava panhandler union roopeekarikkuka ennathaayirunnu pasakia panhandling virudha niyamangalkulla oru prathikaranam. lokathile vyaavasaayika thozhilaallikalude kadayaanu union.
ontaariyo niyamathinu samaanamaayi britiish columbia 2004ll svanthamaayi saphe streets act pasaki. atharam niyamangale ethirkkunna vimarshakarum aaa pravisyayilundu.
chaina.
chainayil yaachikkunnath niyamavirudhamaanu
peeples republic oof chainayile pothu suraksha bharana shikshaaniyamathile article article lamghanamaanu aaa kesukal. aadya kesil, kuttavaalikalkk 10 divasathinum 15 divasathinum idayil thadankal, 1,000 roopaykku keezhil adhika pizha; randaamathe kesil, ithu 5 divasathe thadankalo munnariyippo nalkunnathaanu.
article 262 (2) allengil peeples republic oof chainayude criminal niyamam anusarichu, bhinnasheshikkaare allengil 14 vayassinu thaazheyulla kuttikale bhikshaadanathinu samghadippikkunnathu niyamavirudhamaanu, koodaathe 7 varsham vare thadavum pizhayum labikkum.
denmark.
charitraparamaayi oru pattanatthino jillayko vendi "stoderkonge" allengil "yachaka rajaavu" aanu yaachakare niyanthrichirunnathu. innu, shiksha niyamathile sekshan 197 prakaram denmarkil yaachikkunnath niyamavirudhamaanu, athil ingane parayunnu
 koodaathe, theruvukalil arakshithaavastha srishtikkunna bhikshaadanathinu ("utrigedskabende tiggerry" ennu vilikkappedunna) 14 divasam vare kadinamaaya thadavushikshayundu.
englandu & weils.
weils vagransi act prakaram bhikshaadanam niyamavirudhamaanu. ennirunnaalum ithu jayil shiksha nalkunnilla, pala nagarangalilum ithu nadappakkunnilla, ennirunnaalum eee niyamam ellah pothu sthalangalilum baadhakamaayathinaal pothugathaagathatthil ithu kooduthalaayi nadappaakkunnu. bhikshaadanam pizhaykk vidheyamaakkunna prathyeka pradeshangalil praadeshika adhikaarikal pothu ida samrakshana utharavukal purappeduvichekkaam.
finland.
1987ll mosham niyamam asaaduvaayathu muthal finlandil bhikshaadanam niyamavidheyamaanu. 2003ll, pothu krama niyamam praadeshika sarkkar niyamangalkk pakaram vaykkukayum bhikshaadanam kuttakaramallathaakkukayum cheythu.
france.
1994ll bhikshaadanathinethiraaya niyamam avasaanichenkilum akramasakthamaaya mrugangalumaayo kuttikalumaayo yaachikkunnath ippozhum niyamavirudhamaanu.
grease.
greak shiksha niyamathile article 407 prakaram, bhikshaadanathinu 6 maasam vare thadavum 3000 euro vare pizhayum shikshikkaavunnathaan. ennirunnaalum, thessalonikiyile theruvu samgeethajnjarude prathishedhathetthudarnnu 2018 octoberil eee niyamam raddaki.
hungery.
hungerick raajyavyaapakamaayi nirodhanamund. ithil budapest polulla nagarangalile karsanamaaya anubandha niyamangal ulppettekkaam, ithu chavattukuttakalil ninnu saadhanangal edukkunnathum nirodhikkunnu.
india.
bombe prevention oof bigging act, bpba (1959) prakaram mumbai, dalhi thudangiya nagarangalil bhikshaadanam criminal kuttamaan. eee niyamaprakaaram, poleesinte sahaayathode saamoohyakshema vakuppile udyogasthar yaachakare pidikkaan raid nadathukayum avar 'yachaka kodathikal' ennu vilikkunna prathyeka kodathikalil vichaarana cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. shikshikkappettaal, avare thadankal, pariseelanam, thozhil ennivaykkaayi onnu muthal patthu varsham vare 'sewa kudir' ennum ariyappedunna 'bhikshaadanakendrangal' ennariyappedunna saakshyappeduthiya sthaapanangalilekku ayaykkunnu. bhikshaadanam criminal kuttamaakkunnathinupurame, bhikshaadanayude 'shalyam' kuraykkunnathinum gathaagathatthinte sugamamaya ozhukk urappakkunnathinum traaphik signalukalil daanam cheiyunnathu dalhi sarkkar criminal kuttamakki.
ashraya adhikara abiyanum peeples union oof sivil liberties eee niyamathe vimarsikkukayum athu raddaakkanamennu vaadikkukayum cheythittundu. bii. pii. bii. eyude sekshan 2 (1) 'yachakar' ennu vishaalamaayi nirvachikkunnath nerittu daanadharmmangal abhyarthikkunna vyakthikalum upajeevana maargangalillaathavarum yaachakanmaraayi alanjuthiriyunnavarumaan. athinaal, eee niyamam nadappaakkumbol bhavanarahithare palappozhum yachakar ennu thettidharikkunnu. thozhil pariseelanam nalkunna bhikshaadanakendrangal palappozhum mosham jeevita saahacharyangalullathayi kandethiyittundu.
2018ll dalhi haikodathi bombe bhikshaadana nirodhana niyamathile (1959) 25 vyavasthakal bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennu prakhyaapichu. 2021ll, bhikshaadanam nirodhikkan supreme kodathi visammathikkukayum bhikshaadanam oru saamoohika saambathika prashnamaanennu nireekshikkukayum cheythu.
ireland.
"irelandil nishkriyamaaya" "bhikshaadanam" niyamaparamaan, ennaal "" aakramanaathmakamo bhayappeduthunnathino bheeshanippeduthunnathino ulla reethiyil "yaachikkunnath niyamavirudhamaanu, pizha shikshikkaavunnathaan". gaardaay (police) chila pradeshangalil yachikkunna aalukalodu munnott pookaan nirddeshikkaanum kazhiyum, udha.jii. oru atm, naitt saphe, vending mesheen allengil shope praveshana kavaadatthil.
2011 leeii criminal justice (public oordar) act prakaram 200,000 euro pizhayo 5 varsham vare thadavo shikshikkaavunna "aareyengilum bhikshaadanathinu samghadippikkukayo nirddeshikkukayo cheyyuka" niyamavirudhamaanu; roman samghangal samghadithamaayi yachikkunnathinulla prathikaranamaayaan eee niyamam sweekarichathu.
eee niyamathinu munbu, mahaamalanidrakkaalathu sweekaricha, vagrancy (ireland) act 1847 vazhi bhikshaadanam niyamavirudhamaayirunnu; 2007 leeii oru haikodathi vidhi ithu "abhipraaya swaathanthryavum ashayavinimaya swaathanthryavum anuvadikkunna bharanaghadanaa vyavasthakalumaayi valare avyakthavum poruthappedaathathumaanne paranju."
itali.
kuttikalumaayo mrugangalumaayo yaachikkunnath nirodhichirikkunnuve niyamam nadappakkunnilla.
jappan.
bhikshaadanam nadathumbol buddha sanyasimar parasyamaayi prathyakshappedunnu. jappanil bhavanarahitar saadhaaranamaanenkilum atharam aalukal apoorvvamaayi maathrame yaachikkunnulloo.
dakshina korea.
bhikshaadana kesukalil bhooribhaagavum niyamavirudhamaanu. prathyekichum, athu aareyengilum shalyappeduthukayo gathaagathathe shalyappeduthukayo allengil vyakthiparamaaya uddeshyathinu vendiyullathaanenkil.
laatviya.
2012ll charitraparamaaya nagarakendramaaya rigayil bhikshaadanam niyamavirudhamaakki. charitraparamaaya nagarakendrathinu purathulla rigayil bhikshaadanam nadathunnayaal thirichariyal card vahikkendathundu.
litwania.
thalasthaanamaaya vilniyasil yaachikkunnath niyamavirudhamaanu, koodaathe oru yachakanu panam nalkunnathum niyamavirudhamaanu. iruvarkkum 2000 littar (770 euro) vare pizha labikkum.
luxemburg.
oru samghamaayi allengil oru samghaditha shramathinte bhagamaaya oru yaachakan enna nilayil bhikshaadanam nadathumbol ozhike, luxembergil yaachikkunnath niyamaparamaan. roma avakaashangalkkuvendi vaadikkunna chaachipp parayunnathanusarichu, 1639 bhikshaadana kesukal luxemburgian niyama nirvvahana adhikaarikal report cheythu. roma yaachakare arast cheyyukayum kaivilangukal dharikkukayum police steshanukalilekku kondupookukayum manikkoorukalolam thadavilaakkukayum avarude panam kandukettukayum cheythu.
neppaal.
1962ll bhikshaadana (nirodhana) niyamam avatharippichenkilum ithu nadappakkiyittilla, police kanakkukal prakaram thalasthaanamaaya kaathmanduvile bhikshaadana janasamkhya 5,000-thiladhikam aayi uyarnnu. panam chodikkukayo kadayilekku thirike nalkunna paal chodikkukayo polulla saadhaarana bhikshaadana thanthrangalkk purame, neppaalile oru savisheshamaaya thattippumund, athil oru videsiyodu uyarnna vilaykk oru shhoo boxes vaangaan aavashyappedunnu. eee shhoo boxes yachakanu susthiramaaya upajeevanamaargam nalkaan sahaayikkumenn avakaashappedunnu, pakshe vaasthavathil, panatthinaayi vilppanakkaaran thirike nalkum.
norway.
chila kaundikalil bhikshaadanam nirodhichirikkunnu, 2015 ll raajyavyaapakamaayi nirodhikkan padhathiyundaayirunnu, ennaal kendra party avarude pinthuna pinvalichathinetthudarnna ithu ozhivaakki.
phillippeans.
phillippeans mathaviruddha niyamaprakaaram philippeensil bhikshaadanam nirodhichirikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu karsanamaayi nadappakkiyittilla.
polandu.
polandil cheria kuttakrithyangalude niyamaprakaaram bhikshaadanam cheiyunnathu niyamavirudhamaanu, avarkk oru jolie nadathaano "sammarddathilo vanchanayilo parasyamaayi yachikkano" kazhiyumenkil (article 58). yachakanu 365 euro pizhayaanu. "praayapoorthiyaakaathavaro nissahaayaraayavaro aaya oru vyakthiyodo ashrita bandhuvino vendi yaachikkunnavaro ayaalude samrakshanathil samarppikkappedunnavaro thadankal, swaathanthryam niyanthrikkal allengil pizha ennivayaal shikshikkappedum" (article 104).
porchugal.
portugalil, panhandlermar saadhaaranayaayi catholica pallikalkk munnilo traaphik laittukaliloo lisbon allengil oporto doundaunukalile prathyeka sthalangalilo yaachikkunnu. portugalil bhikshaadanam niyamaparamaan. pala saamoohika, mathasthaapanangalum bhavanarahithareyum panhandlermare pinthunaykkunnu, porchugees saamoohika suraksha saadhaaranayaayi avarkk athijeevanathinu saambathika subsidy nalkunnu.
khatthar.
khatthar shiksha niyamathile 278-aamm vakupp prakaram bhikshaadanathinulla paramavadhi shiksha oru varshamaan. 2006 joolaaykku munbulla paramavadhi moonnu maasathil ninnu eee shiksha vardhippichu. badal oru prathyeka thiruthal soukaryathilaanu. eathu saahacharyathilum panam kandukettappedum. aaa aavashyathinaayi maathram samarppichirikkunna oru police divishanodukoodiyaanu eee niyamam nadappaakkunnathu.
romania.
romania 61-aamm niyamam jolie cheyyaan kazhiyunna oru vyakthi pothujanangalude dayakkaayi nirantharam ahvaanam cheiyunnathu vilakkunnu.
us stettu department manushyavakaasha reportukal "vishramathinum yachanaykkum" rajisttar cheytha roma kuttikalude oru maathruka shradhikkunnu.
america.
kaaliforniyayile saan fraansiskoyude chila bhaagangalil aakramanathmaka panhandling nirodhichirikkunnu.
2010 meyy maasathil boosttan nagaratthile police nagarakendratthile theruvukalil panhandling thadayukayum panhandlermark nalkaruthennu upadeshikkunna oru vidyaabhyaasa paripadi nadathukayum cheythu. sajeevamaaya abhyarthana allengil aakramanathmaka panhandlingine boosttan police verthirichu, koodaathe nishkriya panhandlingine oru udaaharanam oru kapp kayyil vechu oru kadayile vaathilukal thurakkunnu, pakshe onnum parayunnilla.
yuu. ezz. onnaam bhedagathiyile abhipraaya swaathanthrya vyavasthakalaal bhikshaadanam samrakshikkappedunnuvennu kodathikal aavarthichu vidhichittund. 2013 august 14 nuu yuu. ezz. abhipraaya swaathanthryathinte adisthaanathil oru valia druthagathiyilulla, mishigan bhikshaadana virudha niyamam appeel kodathi raddaki. storukalude irupathu adikkullil panhandling nirodhikkunna kaaliforniyayile oru aarkkatta niyamam 2012 ll samanamaaya adisthaanathil raddaki.
merilaandile baltimoril, niravadhi laabhechayillaatha sthaapanangal "skveeji kuttikal" aayi pravartthikkunnu, pakaram police niyamam nadappaakkukayum kaumaarakkaare arast cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
fandukalude upayogam.
2002ll torrentoyile 54 panhandlermaaril nadatthiya oru padanatthil 638 dollar (cad) enna sharashari prathimasa varumaanathil-abhimukham nadatthiyavar bhakshanathinaayi sharashari 200 dollar madyam, pukayila, niyamaviruddha myakkumarunnukal ennivaykkaayi 192 dollar chelavazhichathaayi report cheythu. labhakaramaaya bhikshaadana reethikal ozhivakkaanulla saadhyathayulla prashnangalum padanatthil votteduppil pankeduttha panhandlermaaril ninnulla reportukalude vishwaasyathakkuravum choondikkaatti fraser instittyoott eee padanatthe vimarshichu.
vadakke amerikkayil, mayakkumarunnu upayogatheyum mattu aasakthikaleyum pinthunaykkunna panamaanu panhandling cheiyunnathennu vyaapakamaayi report cheyyappedunnu. udaaharanathinu, kaanadayile maanittobayile daundaun vinnipegile aoutteechu thozhilaallikal aaa nagaratthile panhandling kammyoonittiyil sarway nadathukayum sambhavana cheytha panatthil naalil moonnu bhaagavum pukayila uthppannangal vaangaan upayogikkunnu, athesamayam moonnil rund bhaagavum laayakangalo madyamo vaangunnu.
voucharukal.
theruvil yachikkunna aalukal eee panam madyathino mayakkumarunnino vendi upayogikkumenna aashanka kaaranam, yachakarkku nalkaan agrahikkunnavar bhakshanathino sevanangalkko sammana kaardukalo voucharukaloo nalkanamennu chilar upadeshikkunnu, panamalla. chila shelterukal shelterinte sthalatheyum sevanangaleyum kurichulla vivarangalulla bisinus kaardukalum vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, avaa panatthinu pakaram nalkaam.
phine artle.
phine artle yaachakarude niravadhi chithreekaranangalundu.

