
praarthanayude disha

oru prathyeka dishayilulla praarthana joothamatham, kristhumatham, islam, bahayi vishwaasam thudangi niravadhi loka mathangalude savisheshathayaanu.
joothamatham.
juthanmaar parambaraagathamaayi jarusaleminte dishayilaanu praarthikkunnathu, avide "divyadevante (" shekina ") saannidhyam kshethrathinte vishudhasthalathu [vasichu]."vishudhamaaya vishudhasthalathinullil daivam moshe pravaachakan nalkia patthu kalppanakal adangiya udambadiyude pettakam kidakkunnu; ithaanu solaman kshethram jootha praarthanayude kendrabinduvaayitheeraan kaaranam. bybilil, danielle pravaachakan baabilonilaayirunnappol, "jarusaleminu thurannirikkunna mukalile arayile janalakal ulla thante veettilekku pooyi; oru divasam moonnu thavana muttukutthi thaazhekku erangi praarthikkukayum thaan munbu cheythathupole thante daivathinu nandi parayukayum cheythu" (cf. ). solamante kshethram nasippikkappettathinum, juthanmaar thangal kaathirikkunna mishihaayude varavinayi jarusaleminu munnil praarthikkunnathu thudarunnu. 
praarthikkumbol vishudhabhoomiye abhimukeekarikkaan israel raajyathin purathulla joothanmarodu talmud ("berakhot" 30eiii) nirddeshikkunnu; israelil thamasikkunna juthanmaar jarusalem nagaratthilekku tiriyanam; jarusaleminullil thamasikkunnavar kshethraparvathathilekku svayam thirikkanam, kshethraparvathathinu aduthullavar vishudhasthaanathinte muun sthalathekku tiriyanam. vishudhabhoomiyudeyum jarusalemile vishudhasthalathinteyum dishayil aaraadhakarkk praarthikkaan kazhiyunna vidhathil" sinagogukalil pettakam sthaapikkanamennu sulchan arook (jootha niyamasamhitha) vyakthamaakkunnu. sinagogukal sthaapikkumbol avaa jarusaleminu abhimukhamaayi nirmmikkappedunnu.
israayelinte padinjaaru pravasikalaaya joothanmaarude pala veedukaludeyum kizhakkan mathilil sthaapichirikkunna oru phalakamo mattu alankaara mathilo aanu misra (aksharaarthatthil, "kizhakk"), praarthana kendreekarichirikkunna jarusaleminte disha adayaalappeduthunnathinayi. calligraphy ezhuthappettathum jarusaleminte panorama avatharippikkunnathumaaya oru kalaparavum alankarichathumaaya kruthiyaanu misra phalakam. misra chuvar thookkumarangalil saadhaaranayaayi "misra" () enna hebru vaakk ulkkollunnu, koodaathe "suuryan udikkunnathu muthal asthamikkunnath vare, karthaavinte peru sthuthikkappedanam" ennu parayunna thorayil ninnulla vaakyam ulppettekkaam (cf. ).
kristhumatham.
aadyakaala sabhayude kaalam muthal, kristheeya praarthanayude kizhakottulla dishaykku sakthamaaya praadhaanyamund, ithu sabha pithaakkanmaarude rachanakal saakshyappeduthunnu. randaam noottaandil, syrian kristhyaanikal avarude veedinte kizhakkan mathilil oru kristhyan kurish thookkiyidukayum athu "avarude athmaakkal daivathe abhimukeekarikkukayum addehavumaayi samsaarikkukayum thangalude aathmeeyatha karthaavumaayi pankidukayum cheiyunnu" ennathinte pratheekamaayi."rund noottaandukalkku sesham, vishudha basil mahanaaya sabhayude alikhitha kalppanakalilonnu kizhakode abhimukhamaayi praarthikkuka ennathaanu ennu prakhyaapichu. ezhaam noottaandil syrian, arabic bhashakalil prasidheekaricha mikkavarum ellah kristhyan shamaapana laghulekhakalum kristhyaanikal kizhakode abhimukhamaayi praarthikkunnathinulla kaaranam "eedan thottam kizhakk nattathaanu (), samayathinte avasaanathil, randaam varavil, mishiha kizhakk ninnu jarusalemine sameepikkumennu vishadeekarichu."
kristhumathatthiludaneelam, vishwaasikal oru kristheeya kurishine thookkiyittatho varachatho, athinu munnil, praarthanayude kizhakottulla dishaye soochippikkunnathinaayi, avarude veedinte kizhakkan mathilil, "yeshuvinte thirichuvaravile avarude ananthamaaya vishwaasathinte aavishkaaramaayi, 'manushyaputhrante adayaalam' enna kurishine kizhakkan swargathil prathyakshappedumenna avarude bodhyavumaayi ikyappettu (kaanuka)."innathe ooriyantal oorthadoox pallikalile aashayavinimayakkaarum (kooptik oorthadoox sabhayudeyum indian oorthadoox sabhayudeyum polullava) maar thoma syrian sabhayile (oru ooriyantal protestant vibhaagam) aashayavinimayakkaarum yathaakramam agpia, shehimo brevierikalil adangiyirikkunna canonical manikorukal praarthikkunnu (oru divasam ezhu nischitha praarthana samayangalil cheiyunna oru sambradaayam) kizhakode abhimukeekarikkunnu.
islam.
islaamil, praarthanayude disha kibla ennariyappedunnu, eee disha mccayile vishudha palliyilekkaanu (alle-masjid alle-harram). yadhaarthathil muhammadinteyum madeenayile anuyaayikaludeyum khibla jarusalemilekkaayirunnu, ennaal randaam hijri varshathil (sii. iii. 624), mohammed madeenayilekkulla kudiyettatthinu ekadesham 15 allengil 16 maasangalkk sesham khuraan vaakyangal (alle-bakkara <aii. dii. 2>, <aii. dii. 1>) velippettathin sesham athu makkayilekku maatti. 
oru vyakthikk avar eathu dishayeyaanu abhimukeekarikkunnathenna ariyillengil, aaa vyakthi makkayilekku ennu thonnunna dishayilaanu praarthikkendathu. ellah pallikalum khiblayilekku nayikkunna reethiyilaayirikkanam roopakalppana cheyyendathu. eathu dishayilaanu praarthikkendathennu muslimkalkku arian mccuik abhimukhamaayi oru palliyude mathilil mihrab ennariyappedunna oru idam nirmmichittundu.
charithrathiludaneelam musleem samudaayangalkku kiblayude nirnayam oru pradhana prasnamaanu. muslimkal avarude dainamdina praarthanakal nadatthaan kibla ariyendathundu, koodaathe pallikalude disha nirnnayikkendathum aavasyamaanu. yadhaarthathil, kibla nirnnayikkaan vividha parambaraagatha reethikal upayogichirunnu, ettaam noottaand muthal musleem jyothishaasthranjar ganithashaasthra jyothishaasthrathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla reethikal vikasippichu, prathyekichu oru sthaanathinte akshaamshangalum rekhaamshangalum upayogichu golaakrithiyilulla trikonamithiye adisthaanamaakkiyulla kanakkukoottal saankethikavidyakal. pathinalam noottaandil jyothishaasthranjanaaya shams alle-dhiin alle-khalili ellah akshamshangalkkum rekhaamshangalkkum vendi kibla adangiya oru pattika samaaharichu. austrolabe polulla shaasthreeya upakaranangal mcca nagarathinu abhimukhamaayi praarthanaykkaayi musleengale sahayikkunnu.
ezhuthukaaranaaya daan gibson parayunnathanusarichu aadyakaala islaamika kiblas mccayilekkalla petra nagaratthilekkaanu viral choondiyathu. 
bahayi vishwaasam.
bahayi vishwaasathil, anuyaayikal shradha kendreekarikkunna praarthanayude dishayaanu kiblih. ithu "nirbandhitha praarthana paarayanam cheiyunnathinulla nischitha aavasyakatha" aanu.

