
ledu (II, IV) ooksaid

ledu (II, IV) ooksaid, chuvanna ledu allengil miniyam ennum ariyappedunnu, <kemm> pibi3oo4 </kemm> enna soothravaakyamulla ajaiva samyukthamaanu. thilakkamulla chuvapp allengil ooranchu niratthilulla kharapadaarthamaaya ithu pigmentaayum baattarikalude nirmmaanatthilum rust proof primer peyintukalilum upayogikkunnu. rund muthal onnu vareyulla anupaathathil pibi (II), pibi (IV) enniva chernna oru mixed valence samyukthathinte udaaharanamaanithu.
ghadana.
ledu (II, IV) ooksaidinu ooshmaavil oru tetragonal kristtal gadanayundu, athu pinneedu oru orthorhombic (piyarsan chihnam "opu" 28, space group pbam, nambar. 55) thapanilayil roopam. eee ghatta parivartthanam christalinte samamitiye maathram maattukayum interaattomik doorangalum konukalum cheruthaayi parishkkarikkukayum cheiyunnu.
thayyaareduppu.
ledu (ii, iv) ooksaid vaayuvil ledu (ii) ooksaid (<kemm> pbo </kemm>; litarj ennum vilikkunnu) ekadesham 450-480 ccm yill calcination cheythaanu thayyarakkunnathu
thathfalamaayundaakunna padaartham pii. bii. oo. kondu malinamaakunnu. shudhamaaya oru samyuktham aavashyamaanenkil, pottasyam hydroxide layani upayogichu pii. bii. oo neekkam cheyyaam
mattoru reethi vaayuvil ledu (ii) carbonate (seresite) aanil cheiyunnathine aasrayichirikkunnu
mattoru reethi velutha ledinte auxidative aniiling aannu
laayaniyil, ledu (ii, iv) pottasyam plumbate ledumaayi prathipravartthichu ooksaid thayyarakkam (ii) asattett, manja layikkaatha ledu (ii, iv) ooksaid monohydrate <kemm> pb3o4.h2o </kemm>, ithu soumyamaaya choodaakkal vazhi nirjjaleekaranam roopathilekku maattaan kazhiyum
ledu ayirinte shareerangalude angeyattatthe ooksidaising avasthakalil maathram roopappedunna swaabhaavika miniyam asaadhaaranamaanu. ettavum ariyappedunna prakrithidatha maathrkakal australiyayile takarnna kunnin pradeshangal, nyoo southu weils, avide avaa oru khani theeyude falamaayi roopappettu.
prathikaranangal.
chuvanna ledu vellathilum ethanolilum phalatthil layikilla. ennirunnaalum, ithu aamaashayathil adangiyirikkunna hydrochloric aasidil layikkunnu, athinaal kazhikkumbol vishaamsham kooduthalaanu. ithu glacial asattik aasidilum naitrik aasidinteyum hydrajan peroxidinteyum nerppicha mishrithathilum layikkunnu.
500 digri selshyas vare choodaakkumbol athu ledu (ii) ooksaidum ooksijanum aayi vighadikkunnu. 580 digri selshyasil prathikaranam poortthiyaayi.
naitrik assid ledu (ii) ooksaid gadakathe layikkukayum layikkaatha ledu (iv) ooksaid avasheshippikkukayum cheiyunnu
irumbu ooksaidukalum moolaka irumbum upayogichu ledu (II, IV) ooksaid layikkaatha irumbu (II), irumbu (III) plumbettukal roopappeduthunnu, ithu irumbu vasthukkalil prayogikkunna ledu adhishtitha peyintukalude aanti corrosive gunangalude adisthaanamaanu.
upayogikkuka.
irumbu vasthukkalude primer paintukalkkulla pigmentaayi chuvanna ledu upayogichittundu. vishaamsham kaaranam ithinte upayogam parimithamaanu. chila amachwar pyrodechnicukalil kaalathamasa charjayi ithu parimithamaaya upayogam kandethunnu, munkaalangalil dragoninte mutta pyrotechnic nakshathrangalude nirmmaanatthil ithu upayogichirunnu.
chila polychloroprin rubber samyukthangalil chuvanna ledu oru curing ejantaayi upayogikkunnu. mikacha jala prathirodha gunangal nalkunnathinu magneeshyam ooksaidinu pakaram ithu upayogikkunnu.
enchineeyarude neela niratthil maattisthaapikkunnathinu munbu enchineeyarude scrappinginaayi chuvanna leed upayogichirunnu.
manjal podiyil maayam kalarthal ejantaayum ithu upayogikkunnu.
shaareerika phalangal.
shwasikkumbol ledu (II, IV) ooksaid shwaasakoshathe prakopippikkunnu. uyarnna alavil, iraykku loha ruchi, nench vedana, vayaruvedana enniva anubhavappedunnu. kazhikkumbol, ithu gastric aasidil layikkukayum agiranam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu, ithu ledu vishabaadhayilekku nayikkunnu. uyarnna saandrata charmmatthiloodeyum agiranam cheyyaan kazhiyum, koodaathe ledu adhishtitha peyint upayogichu pravartthikkumbol suraksha munkaruthalukal paalikkendathu pradhaanamaan.
ledu (II, IV) ooksaidumaayulla deerghakaala sanbarkkam, theevramaaya ledu vishabaadhayude lakshanagal vikasippikkunathinoppa jeevikalil ledu samyukthangal adinjukoodunnathilekku nayichekkaam. vittumaaraatha visham aswasthatha, prakopippikkal, kazhcha vaikalyangal, rakthaathimarddam, mukhathe chaaraniram ennivayaayi prakadamaakunnu.
ledu (II, IV) ooksaid laborattari mrugangalkku cancer undaakkunnathaanennu theliyikkapettu. manushyaril athinte arbudamundaakkunna kazhivu theliyikkappettittilla.
charithram.
eee samyukthathinte laattin naamamaya "miniyam" uthbhavichath vadakkupadinjaaran ibeeriyayile minius enna nadiyil ninnaan, avide athu aadyamaayi khananam cheyyappettu.
ledu (II, IV) ooksaid purathana romil chuvanna pigmentaayi upayogichirunnu, avide velutha ledu calcination cheythaanu ithu thayyarakkiyathu. purathana, madhyakaalakhattangalil ithu prakashamulla kayyezhuthuprathikalude nirmmaanatthil oru pigmentaayi upayogikkukayum "miniyam" allengil miniyechar enna peril niram kondu varacha chithrathinu peru nalkukayum cheythu.
linseed oayil upayogichu peyint cheytha chuvanna ledu baahya irumbu varkkukal samrakshikkunnathinaayi oru modiyulla paintaayi upayogichirunnu. 1504ll skotlandile elakkunna kottayile portkulikalkku chuvanna eeyam kondu peyint cheythu, athupole moons mega ulppedeyulla peerankikal.
nannayi vibhajicha podiyenna nilayil, lichenberg roopangal padikkunnathinaayi ithu vaidyuthanirappil thalikkukayum cheythu.
parambaraagatha chainees vaidyathil, chuvanna eeyam ringwarmukalkkum alsarukalkkum chikilsikkaan upayogikkunnu, ennirunnaalum vishaamsham kaaranam eee reethi parimithamaanu. koodaathe, dahananaala sambandhamaaya vaikalyangalkkulla meksikkan naadodi pariharamaaya "asarkon" ll 95 sathamaanam vare ledu (II, IV) ooksaid adangiyirikkunnu.
pathinettaam noottaandinu munbum ithu marunnayi upayogichirunnu.

