
kuma (nubia)

sudanile oru puraavastu sthalamaanu kuma athawa semna eest. eejipthile panthrandaam raajavamshathinte madhyathil sthaapithamaaya ithu noobiyayile purathana eejipthinte oru kottayaayi pravarthichu. semnaykkoppam, faravo sesostris III (bisi 1878-1839 bisi) aanu kuma nirmmichathu. purathana eejiptinum thekkan pradeshangalkkumidayila athirthi kottakal samrakshichirunnu.
aswaninu thekkum nailinte randaamathe thimiratthinte thekkupadinjaarum kizhakkan theerathaanu kuma sthithi cheiyunnathu. maruvashathaanu semna sthithi cheiyunnathu. nubia thadaakatthile aswan hye anakkett kaaranam rund sthalangalum innu vellathinadiyilaanu. rakshappeduthiya khnum kshethram khaarthoomile sudan deseeya myoosiyathil punarnirmmichu.

