baar kappara

thannaim", "amoraim" ennivaykkidayilulla kaalaghattatthile randaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum moonnaam noottaandinte thudakkathilumulla oru rabbiyaayirunnu baar kappara (). pothuvarsham 180 muthal 220 vare israel deshathe siseriyayil addeham sajeevamaayirunnu. kapparayude makan" ennartham varunna addehathinte peru addehathinte pithavaaya elasser hahaa-kapparil ninnaan eduthathu. addeham aarr 'juda hanasiyude vidyaarthikalil oralum aadya thalamurayile amorayumaayirunnu.
kazhivulla kaviyum kathaakrithum ayirunna addeham, rebbiyude makan simeoninte vivaha virunnil, bhakshanam thanukkunnathuvare addeham athidhikale kettukadhakalaal aakarshichirunnuvennu parayappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte aakshepahaasyabudhiye (orikkal addeham rabbiyude marumakane parihasichu, rabbiyude kudumbatthe apamaanikkunna oru pazhanchollu chodikkaan paranju), addehathinu niyukthanakaanulla avasaram nashtappettu.
peru.
addehathinte muzhuvan peru eleazer ("eliyesar" enna roopathinu adisthaanamillennu thonnunnu) benn eleazer hahaa-kappar. thannaayit srothassukalil kaanapedunna roopamaanithu, tosephta, sifrey; saadhaarana talmudic roopamaaya "baar kappara", pathiv appaleshan aaya "elasser haah-kappar berabi" enniva ithinte churukkapperukalaan. pilkkala srothassukal anusarichu, addehathinte peru elaasarinu pakaram shimon ennaayirunnu.
cohelet rabbayil, baar kapparayude nalkiyirikkunna peru abba ennaanu.
jeevacharitram.
baar kappara yoodaa hanasiyude sishyanaayirunnu. addehathinte adhyapakar aarr ulppeduthunnathaayi thonnunnu. babylonian nathan aarr. jeramiah benn eleazer (orupakshe mekhilthayilum sifreyilum paraamarshichirikkunna jeramiyaykk samanamaayirikkum).
yoodaa hanaasiyumaayi samgharsham.
baar kapparayum aarr 'juda hanasi vyakthithvathil virudhamaanennu thonnunnu, juda hanasiyude naatturaajyatthinte mahathvam baar kappaarayude kaavyathmaka upekshaykkum oorjjaswalamaaya manobhaavathinum virudhamaanu. orupakshe athinte falamaayi, iva randum vividha reethikalil samgharshathilaanennu rekhappeduthiyittundu. joodayude makan shimoninte vivaahathin baar kapparaye shanikkaan yoodaa aadyam visammathichu, yoodaa manass maattiya sesham, baar kappara vivaahathil yoodaye parihasichu. mattoru srothass anusarichu, baar kappara mattoru reethiyil prathikaram cheythu pinneedu baar kappaarayude bahumaanaartham yoodaa nalkia virunnil, randaamathethu dhaaraalam kurukkan kettukadhakal parayukayum (300, ithu report cheyyappedunnu) athidhikal bhakshanam thottittillathe vidukayum cheythu.
mattoru avasarathil, baar kappara yehoodayude makan saimante saannidhyathil yehuda avahelichu. thante makanil ninnu ithu kettappol, orikkalum addehathinu sthaanakkayattam nalkillenna thante uracha nischayadaarthyathekkuri yoodaa baar kapparaye ariyichu. jerusalem talmud eee kathayude alpam vyathyasthamaaya oru pathipp parayunnu, avide baar kappara yahoodayude anjanaaya marumakan benn elasa inipparayunna ochappaadukal chodikkaan prerippichu
aaa vaachakam kettu yoodaa thirinjunokkiyappol, baar kappara punchirikkunnathayi kandu ingane paranju "vrudhane, njaan ninne thirichariyunnilla!"(ithinartham," njaan ningale oru mooppanaayi, oru rishiyaayi thirichariyunnilla!"). thanikk orikkalum sthaanaarohanam labhikkillenn ithil ninnu baar kappara manassilakki.
eee vaachakam vishadeekarikkaan niravadhi sramangal nadathiyittum yadhaarthathil enthaanu ardhamaakkunnathennu ariyilla. cheruppakkaarodum praayamaayavarodumulla yoodayude nirantharamaaya kaadinyatthe vimarsikkunnathaayaanu baar kappara ithine uddeshichathennu abraham croachmalinte kazhchappaadaanu ettavum saadhyathayullath. talmudic kaalathe hebru kavithayude udaaharanamaayi eee vaakyam sradheyamaanu; athinte kurachu varikal mathethara kavithayile akkaalathe joothanmaarude pravarthanatthinu eaka saakshyamaayirikkaam. athinte bhasha classic aanu, pakshe adimakalalla; shakthavum shudhavum, ennittum eluppavum ozhukunnathum. kauthukakaramennu parayatte, baar kapparayude kavithayude mattoru samrakshikkappetta udaaharanam, sephorisile othukoodiya janangalodu addeham yoodaa hanasiyude maranam prakhyaapicha vaakchathuryamulla vaakkukalaan "yedayaayude bhavanathile sahodaranmaare, (sephorisile nivaasikalude oru visheshanam), njaan parayunnath shradhikkuka! manushyarum maalaakhamaarum niyamatthinte vishudha falakangal kaivashappeduthunnathinayi valarekkaalamaayi mallayudham nadathivarikayaanu; maalaakhamaar keezhadakki. avar gulikakal pidichedutthu ". sephorisilulla baar kapparayude saannidhyam soochippikkunnathu, thannodulla yahoodayude manobhaavam undaayirunnittum, thante guruvinodulla thante valia kadamakale addeham vilamathikkukayum, yahoodayude maranathodulla addehathinte dukkham aathmaarthamaayirunnuvennum soochippikkunnu.
siseriyayile pravartthanam.
yoodaa hanasiyumaayulla samgharshangal addehathe siseriyaykkaayi galeeli vidaan prerippichu. addeham avide sthaapicha akkadami yoodaa hanasiyude kadutha ethiraaliyaayi maari. mishnayude pithaav" aaya hoshaya, baar kapparayude agadic padippikkalukal oru valia paridhivare pracharippicha vishishta agadist joshuva benn levi ennivaraayirunnu athinte ettavum pradhanappetta pandithanmaaril oraal. yoodaa hanasiyude ettavum valia aaraadhakarum yoodayude purushaadhipathya bhavanathe pinthunaykkunnavarumaaya hanina baar hamaa, johanan benn napaha ennivarkku baar kaappaarayude mahathvam amgeekarikkunnathil ninnu vittunilkkan kazhinjilla.
orikkal siseriyayude maravil nadakkukayum kappal thakarchayil ninnu poornnamaayum daaridryathil rakshapetta oru romane kaanukayum cheyyumbol addeham addehathe veettilekku kondupookukayum vasthrangalum panam ulppedeyulla ellah aavasyangalum nalkukayum cheythathayi addehavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. pinneedu eee kaasttave siseriyayude prokkonsal aayi maari, oru rashtreeya samgharshathil earppettirunna joothanmaare arast cheyyukayum baar kapparayude edapedaline thudarnnu addeham avare mochippikkukayum cheythappol thante rakshaakarthaavinod nandi prakadippikkaan avasaram taamasiyaathe svayam samarppichu.
baar kapparayude maranashesham, baar kapparayude peril paranja vaakkukal oormmicha aalukale chodyam cheiyunnathinaayi raabi yohannan parodil (parud allengil parud) pooyi. eee sthalathekkurichu kooduthalonnum ariyilla; ithu siseriyayude praanthapradeshamaayirikkane baachar soochippikkunnu.
padippikkalukal.
mishnah oof baar kappara enna samahaarathinte rachayithaavaayi baar kappara prathyekichum ariyappettirunnu. eee kruthi samrakshikkappettilla, orupakshe thaalmoodinte avasaanathe punarnirmmaana samayat athu nilavilundaayirunnilla. vaasthavathil, eee kruthi eppozhengilum babyloniayil athiyirunno ennathu samshayaaspadamaanu, kaaranam bavliyile oru bhagam yerushalmi shimon benn lakkishil ninnaan uthbhavichath. enthaayaalum, talmoodil praveshikkunna addehathinte mishnayil ninnulla niravadhi bhagangal athinte swabhaavathekkurichulla vidhinyaayathin mathiyakum. pradhaanamaayum athine vishadeekarikkaanum apoorva sandarbhangalil vyathyastha abhipraayangal nalkaanum uddeshichulla, yoodaa hanasi mishnayude anubandhamaayi menachem mairie ithine krithyamaayi nirvachichirikkunnu (baraita kaanuka). ithu yoodaa hanasiyude mishnaykku vakabhedangal avatharippikkukayum pinneedu idaykkide randaamathethinte vaachakathil parasparam kettiyidukayum cheythathinaal samshayaaspadamaaya mishnah onno mattoo aano enna samshayam uyarnnu. baar kapparayude mishna tosefayude redactor upayogichirunnu, athil ninnu niravadhi theerumaanangal sweekarichu. undu. ennirunnaalum, mathiyaya kaaranamillathe baar kapparayude mishnayude asthithvam hallie nishedhikkunnu.
jyothishaasthrapadanathinu baar kappara valia moolyamundennu visheshippichu "grahangalude ayanaanthangalum chalanangalum kanakkakkaanum ivayil shradha cheluthaathirikkaanum kazhiyunnavarkk, 'avar karthaavinte pravrithikaleyo kaikalude pravartthanatheyo pariganikkilla' enna vaakyam prayogikkaam (isaiah 5:12). thora padikkaanulla kadamayekkurichulla addehathinte abhiprayavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol eee prasthavana prathyekichum sradheyamaanu oru joothan divasavum thorayil ninnu rund bhagangal maathram vaayikkunnu-onnu ravileyum onnu vaikunneravum-ravum pakalum daivathinte niyamathil dhyanikkaanulla kalppana niravettunnu. prakrithishaasthrathe mathramalla, sundarikalodulla greak snehatheyum baar kappara abhinandichu. uthppathi 9:27 addeham iprakaaram vishadeekarichu "thourayude vaakkukal yaafethinte prasamgatthil paarayanam cheyyanam (i.iii. greak) sheminte koodaarangalil (i.iii. sinagogukalilum skoolukalilum).
krithyamaaya shaasthrangalodulla baar kapparayude bahumaanathinu thulyamaayathu metaafisikkal oohaapohangalodulla addehathinte veruppaanu, athu addehathinte kaalath joothanmaarkkum kristhyaanikalkkum idayil gnossis roopathil thazhachuvalarnnu. aavarthanapusthakam 4:32 ("bhoomukhathu manushyane srishticha divasam muthal ningalkk munbundaayirunna bhoothakaalathekkurichu chodikkuka") baar kappara parayunnu, "srishtiye thudarnnulla aaa divasangalekkurichu maathram arian sramikkuka; ennaal munbu enthaanu sambhavichathenn arian shramikkaruth".
jarusalem thalmoodil addeham ezhuthiya oru praarthana adangiyirikkunnu, koodaathe nandiparayalinte 18-aamm bhagam aavarthikkunnathil ulppeduthiyittundu.
dhoopavarga vazhipaadinekkurichulla baar kapparayude vaakkukal sephardi juthanmaar divasathil moonnu thavana (shacharithinu munbum sheshavum minchaykku munbum); hasidic juthanmaar divasathil rund thavana (shacharithinu munbum minchaykku munbum); ashkenazi juthanmaar divasathil oru thavana (shacharithinu munbum) paarayanam cheiyunnu.

