
jiovanni baattista gaarina

oru itaaliyan kavayitriyum naadakakrithum nayathanthranjanumaayirunnu jiovanni baattista gwarini (10 desember 1538-7 october 1612).
jeevitam.
ferrarayilaanu gwarini janichathu. pisa, paduva, ferrara sarvakalaashaalakalile patanam avasaanippicha sesham addeham ferrarayile saahitya professoraayi niyamithanaayi. thante niyamanathinushesham taamasiyaathe addeham chila sonattukal prasidheekarichu, athu oru kaviyenna nilayil addehathinu valia janapreeti nedi. 1567-ll addeham ferrara rajakumaaranaaya alphonso randaaman dii 'estteyude sevanathil praveshichu. ekadesham 20 varshathe sevanathinu sesham, ducumayulla abhiprayavyathyaasangal addehathe raajivaykkaan kaaranamaayi. saavoy, manduva, florence, arbino ennividangalil thudarchayaayi thaamasicha sesham addeham swantham naattile ferrarayilekku madangi. avidevechu addeham oru anthima pothu dauthyam nirvahichu, pooll anchaaman marpappa (1605) addeham thiranjedutthathinu abhinandikkuka. 1580 kalude avasaanathil addeham giaasan denoresumaayi kadutha tharkkathil earppettu, addeham thante "paasttar fido" yill gwaariniyude daarunavum hasyaparavumaaya vibhagangal kalarthunnathine prathyekichu ethirthu. oru kesil pankedukkaan vilichuvaruthiya venesilaanu addeham 73-aamm vayassil maranamadanjathu.
pandithanaaya alessandro gwarini, ferrara kottaaratthile prashasthamaaya "vidagdha" gaayakariloraalaaya anna gwarini ennivarude pithaavaayirunnu addeham. 1598ll sahodaran girolaamoyude sahaayathode bharthaav avale kolappedutthi.
joliyum swaadheenavum.
addehathinte ettavum sradheyamaaya kruthiyaaya "ill paasttar fido" 1585-ll saavoy rajakumaranteyum austriyayile kaataleena maikkelayudeyum vivaahathe bahumaanichukondu athinte aadya naadakeeya praathinidhyam undaayirunnu (1590-ll venesil prasidheekarichu; 20-aamm pathipp. edii.1602, venis; engleesh. trans. "vishwasthanaaya idayan", 1647). edayanmaarudeyum vettakkaarudeyum snehatheyum vidiyeyum kurichulla oru idaya duranthachithramaaya eee naadakam, shailiyil minukia eee naadakam niravadhi bhaashakalilekku vivarthanam cheyyappedukayum pathinezhaam noottaandil janapriyamaakukayum cheythu. pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare neenduninna parishkaranatthinteyum dheerathayudeyum oru maathrkaykku ithu maathrkayaayi.
navothaanatthinte avasaanathilum aadyakaala barok kaalaghattatthilum madrigalinte pookkalil gwarinik thulyamaaya punk vahicha kavi aarumilla. mattethoru kaviyudeyum, adutha nimisham vanna tasoyude, rachanakalekkaal kooduthal palappozhum madrigal samgeethajnjaraanu addehathinte kavithakal sajjeekarichirunnath; prashasthamaaya madrigal samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya philipp dii monde thante oru samaahaarathin gwarini ezhuthiya ettavum prashasthamaaya kruthiyude peril "ill paasttar fido" ennu polum perittu. vaakk varaykkunnathinum vikaarangalude mattu eluppathilulla vivarthanangalkkum saadhyathakalaal sambannamaaya grandhangal addeham samgeethajnjarkku nalkiyathaanu addehathinte janapreethikk kaaranam. oru idayanum oru nimph thammilulla pranaya ettumuttaline vivarikkunna addehathinte kavithakalilonnaya "tirsey morir vooliya", aaa kaalaghattatthile mattethoru idaya kavithayekkaalum kooduthal sangeethanjjar oru madrigal aayi samgeethamorukki, athil andrea gabrieli, jioseppe kaimo, carlo gezuvaldo, luca marancio, benedetto pallavisino, giachus dii vertt enniva ulppedunnu. niravadhi maadrigalistukal rachicha gwarini kavithakalil mattonn "coor meoo, dheey noonn langayar" ("priyappetta hridayam, njaan pazhaakkaruth") aayirunnu.
madrigal samgeethasamvidhaayakaril nirnnayakamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiyathinu purame, pathinettaam noottaandile metaastaasiyo kaalam vare ooppara librattistukalil ettavum valia swaadheenam cheluthiya vyakthiyaayirunnu addeham. athinaal samgeethathinte charithratthil addeham oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu.
gwarini kruthiyil estte kottaaratthile mattoru kaviyaya torkwatto tasoyude aazhathilulla vikaaravum vikaaravum illennu kanakkaakkaamenkilum, amithamaya vaikarikatha fashion cheyyappedaattha oru samayat sangeetha pashchaathalatthilekku athine prashamsichathu krithyamaayi eee gunamaanu. monteverdy "libro terzo dee madrigally" (1592) enna kruthiyil ninnulla "ooo kamm eiii graan marter" addehathinte kruthiyude oru krameekaranatthinte udaaharanamaayirikkum.
mattu kruthikal ivayaanu

