thyroid rogam

thyroid grandhiyude pravartthanatthe badhikkunna oru medical avasthayaanu thyroid rogam. thyroid grandhi kazhuthinte munvashath sthithicheyyunnu, koodaathe mattu pala avayavangaleyum niyantrikkaan sahaayikkunnathin rakthathiloode sanjarikkunna thyroid hormonukal uthpaadippikkunnu, athaayath ithu oru endocrine avayavamaan. oorjja upayogam, shishukkalude vikasanam, balyakaala vikasanam enniva niyantrikkaan eee hormonukal saadhaaranayaayi shareerathil pravartthikkunnu.
thyroid rogathinte pothuvaaya anchu tharangalundu, oronninum athintethaaya lakshanangalund. oru vyakthikk ore samayam onno athiladhikamo vyathyastha tharangal undakam. anchu grouppukal ivayaanu
amerikkayil, hypothyroidisavum hyperthyroidisavum yathaakramam 12 vayasil kooduthalulla janasamkhyayude 4.6 sathamaanavum 1.3 sathamaanavum (2002) kandethi.
subcuted thyroiditis allengil poost partom thyroiditis polulla chila tharangalil, kurachu maasangalkk sesham lakshanagal illaathaavukayum laborattari parisodhanakal saadhaarana nilayilekku madangukayum cheyyum. ennirunnaalum mikka thyroid rogangalum svayam pariharikkappedunnilla. ksheenam, kuranja oorjjam, sareerabhaaram, jaladosham sahikkaan kazhiyaathath, hridayamidippu kurayuka, varanda charmmam, malabandham ennivayaanu saadhaarana hypothyroid lakshanagal. prakopippikkal, uthkanda, sareerabhaaram kurayal, vegathilulla hridayamidippu, choodu sahikkaan kazhiyaathath, vayarilakkam, thyroydinte valarcha enniva hyperthyroidinte saadhaarana lakshanangalil ulppedunnu. gadanaaparamaaya asaadhaaranathakal lakshanagal undakkanamennilla, ennirunnaalum chila aalukalkk gadanaaparamaaya asaadhaaranathayumaayo kazhuthile veekkavumaayo bandhapetta hyperthyroid allengil hypothyroid lakshanagal undakam. apoorvvamaayi maathrame goyittarukalkku shwaasanaalathinte compression, kazhuthile paathrangalude compression allengil vizhungaan budhimuttu enniva undakkaan kazhiyoo. palappozhum thyroid noduleukal ennu vilikkappedunna tumorukalkku hyperthyroidism muthal hypothyroidism vare kazhuthile veekkam, kazhuthile gadanakalude compression thudangi niravadhi vyathyastha lakshanagal undakam.
roganirnayam aarambhikkunnath charithratthilum shaareerika parishodhanayilumaan. rogalakshanangalillaatha rogikalil thyroid rogathinulla screening amerikkayil saadhaaranayaayi nadappaakkunnundengilum charchaavishayamaanu. thyroydinte pravarthanarahithatha samshayikkappedukayaanenkil, laborattari parisodhanakal thyroid rogathe pinthunaykkaano thallikkalayaano sahayikkum. prarambha rakthaparisodhanayil palappozhum thyroid-stimulating hormon (tii. ezz. echu), free thyroxine thyroxine enniva ulppedunnu. motham, swatantra triodothyronine triodothyronine alavu saadhaaranayaayi kuravaanu. thyroydinte svayam rogaprathirodha rogam samshayikkappedukayaanenkil, aanti-thyroid autoantibodikalkkaayi thirayunna rakthaparisodhanayum nedaam. ultraasoundu, biopsy, radio iodine scanning, ettedukkal patanam thudangiya nadapadikramangalum roganirnayathinu sahaayikkaavunnathaan, prathyekichu oru nodule samshayikkappedukayaanenkil.
thyroid rogangal lokamembaadum valare prachaaratthilundu, eee rogathe adisthaanamaakki chikitsa vyathyaasappedunnu. hypothyroidism ullavarude chikilsayude pradhana aadhaaramaan levothyroxine, athesamayam graves rogam moolamundaakunna hyperthyroidism ulla aalukalkk iodine therapy, antithyroid marunnukal allengil thyroid grandhi shasthrakriyayiloode neekkam cheiyunnathiloode niyantrikkaam. thyroid nodule neekkam cheiyunnathino allengil aduthulla gadanakale thadassappeduthukayo soundaryavardhaka kaaranangalal oru goyittarinte valippam kuraykkunnathino thyroid sasthrakriya nadatthaam.
adayaalangalum lakshanangalum.
eee avasthayude lakshanagal tharam anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu hypo-vezhsas. hyperthyroidism, avaa kooduthal chuvade vivarichirikkunnu.
hypothyroidisathinte saadhyamaaya lakshanagal ivayaanu
hyperthyroidisathinte saadhyamaaya lakshanagal ivayaanu shradhikkuka hypothyroidisathilum hyperthyroidisathilum chila lakshanangalum shaareerika maattangalum kaanaan kazhiyum-ksheenam, mudi neriyatho nerthatho aakuka, aarthavachakrathile kramakkedukal, peshikalude balaheenata/vedana (myeljia), vividha tharatthilulla mixidema.
rogangal.
kuranja pravartthanam.
shareeram aavasyathinu thyroid hormonukal uthppaadippikkaathatho nilavilulla thyroid hormonukalodu shariyaayi prathikarikkaano upayogikkaanum kazhiyaathatho aaya avasthayaanu hypothyroidism. pradhana vibhagangal ivayaanu
uyarnna pravartthanam.
shareeram valareyadhikam thyroid hormon uthppaadippikkunna avasthayaanu hyperthyroidism. hyperthyroid rogangalude pradhana avasthakal ivayaanu
marunninte paarshwafalangal.
chila marunnukalkk thyroid pravartthanatthe badhikkunna aasoothrithamallaatha paarshwafalangal undakam. chila marunnukal ganyamaaya hypothyroidisathileko hyperthyroidisathileko nayikkukayum apakadasaadhyathayullavare shradhaapoorvvam nireekshikkendathunde, chila marunnukal thyroid hormon laab parishodhanakale lakshanangalo klinikkal maattangalo undakkaathe baadhichekkaam, koodaathe chikitsa aavasyamillaayirikkaam. thaazhepparayunna marunnukal vividha tharatthilulla thyroid rogangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu
pathophysiology.
amerikkayile mikka thyroid rogangalum shareerathinte rogaprathirodha sheshi svayam akramikkunna avasthayil ninnaan undaakunnath. mattu sandarbhangalil, ayodinte kuravu polulla paaristhithika saahacharyangalumaayo garbham polulla puthiya shaareerika avasthakalumaayo poruthappedaan sramikkunna shareerathil ninnaan thyroid rogam varunnath.
oottoo immyoon thyroid rogam.
svayam rogaprathirodha thyroid rogam ennathu rogaprathirodha samvidaanam swantham shareerathe lakshyamidunnathu moolam undaakunna oru pothu vibhagamaanu. enthukondaanu ithu sambhavikkunnathenn poornnamaayum manassilaakunnillenkilum eee rogangal kudumbangalil vyaapikkunnathinal ithu bhaagikamaayi janithakamaanennu karuthappedunnu. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya tharangalilonnaya graves rogathil, thyroid koshangalile tii. ezz. echu resepterinethire shareeram aantibodikal uthpaadippikkunnu. ithu tii. ezz. echu illaatheyum risapttar sajeevamakaan kaaranamaakukayum thyroid adhika thyroid hormon (hyperthyroidism) uthppaadippikkukayum purathuvidukayum cheiyunnu. thyroid grandhiyude vividha saadhaarana gadakangalkkethire shareeram aantibodikal uthpaadippikkunna hashimoto thyroiditis aanu oottoo immyoon thyroid rogathinte mattoru saadhaarana roopam, saadhaaranayaayi thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, tii. ezz. echu risapttar enniva. eee aantibodikal rogaprathirodha samvidaanathe thyroid koshangale akramikkukayum grandhiyude veekkam (lymphocytic nuzhanjukayattam), nasham (fibrosis) ennivaykku kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu.
goyattar.
pala thyroid rogangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunna thyroydinte pothuvaaya valarchayaan goyittar. thyroid hormon kooduthal utppaadippikkaan sramikkunnathinaayi tii. ezz. echu resepterukal vazhi thyroidilekku signalling vardhippichathaanu ithu sambhavikkunnathinulla pradhana kaaranam. ithu rakthakkuzhalukalude vardhanavinum grandhiyude valippam vardhippikkunnathinum (hypertrophy) kaaranamaakunnu. hypothyroid avasthakalilo ayodinte kuravilo, shareeram mathiyaya thyroid hormon uthpaadippikkunnillenna thirichariyukayum kooduthal thyroid hormon ulppaadippikkaan thyroydine uthejippikkaan sahaayikkunnathin kooduthal tii. ezz. echu ulppaadippikkaan thudangukayum cheiyunnu. eee uthejanam grandhiyude valippam vardhippikkukayum thyroid hormon uthpaadanam vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. graves rogamo vishamulla multinodular goyittaro moolamundaakunna hyperthyroidisathil, thyroid hormon alavu saadhaaranamaayirikkumbol polum tii. ezz. echu resepterinte adhika uthejanam undu. graves rogathil ithu oru autoantibodikal (thyroid uthejippikkunna immunoglobulin) moolamaanu, ithu vishamulla multinodular goyittaril tshinu pakaram tsh resepterukalumaayi bandhippikkukayum sajeevamaakkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu palappozhum tshil ninnu oru signal sweekarikkaathe thanne tsh resepterile oru mutation moolamaanu ithu sajeevamaakunnath. apoorva sandarbhangalil, thyroid hormon allengil thyroid hormon mungaamikal kondu nirayunnathukondo allengil konjenshyal asaadhaaranathakal kondo allengil supplementationil ninno marunnukalil ninno iodine kazhikkunnath vardhikkunnathukondo thyroid valuthakkaam.
garbhadharanam.
garbhakaalath shareerathil niravadhi mattangal sambhavikkunnu. garbhasthashishuvinte vikasanathinu sahayikkunna pradhana maattangalilonn human corionic gonadotropin (echsiji) uthppaadippikkalaanu. marupilla uthppaadippikkunna eee hormon tii. ezz. echu.-nuu samanamaaya gadanayundu, koodaathe thyroid hormon uthppaadippikkunnathin maathru tii. ezz. echu resepterumaayi bandhippikkaan kazhiyum. garbhaavasthayil, eestrajante vardhanavu undaakukayum ithu rakthathile thyroid hormon bhooribhaagavum vahikkunna thyroxine binding globulin kooduthal utppaadippikkaan ammaye prerippikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee saadhaarana hormon mattangal palappozhum garbhadhaaranathe oru hyperthyroid avastha pole kaanapedunnu, pakshe garbhaavasthayude saadhaarana paridhikkullil aayirikkam, athinaal tsh, free tii 4 ennivaykkaayi thrimaasatthile nirddishta shrenikal upayogikkendathu aavasyamaanu. garbhaavasthayile yadhaartha hyperthyroidism palappozhum graves rogathil ninnulla oru svayam rogaprathirodha samvidaanam moolamaanu undaakunnath. hypothyroidism palappozhum garbhiniyaakunnath budhimuttaakkunnathil garbhaavasthayil hypothyroidisathinte puthiya roganirnayam apoorvamaanu. garbhaavasthayil hypothyroidism kaanappedumbol, oru vyakthikk ithinakam hypothyroidism ullathinaalum garbhaavasthayil adangiyirikkunna thyroxine binding globulin vardhikkunnathinu avarude levothyroxine doses vardhippikkendathinaam ithu palappozhum sambhavikkunnu.
roganirnayam.
thyroid roganirnayam lakshanangaleyum thyroid nodule undo illayo ennathine aasrayichirikkunnu. mikka rogikalkkum rakthaparisodhana labikkum. mattullavarkk ultraasoundu, biopsy allengil radio iodine scanning, ettedukkal patanam enniva aavashyamaayi vannekkaam.
rakthaparisodhana.
thyroid function testtukal.
thyroid grandhi engane pravarthikkunnuvennu nirnnayikkaan rakthathil alakkaan kazhiyunna niravadhi hormonukal undu. thyroid grandhi ulppaadippikkunna thyroid hormonukalaaya triodothyronine triodothyronine, athinte mungamiyaaya thyroxine thyroxine enniva ithil ulppedunnu. thalachorile muun pityoottari koshangal sravikkunna mattoru pradhana hormon thyroid-stimulating hormon (tii. ezz. echu). thyroid grandhi pradhaanamaan, tii3 ennivayude uthpaadanam vardhippikkuka ennathaanu ithinte praadhamika pravartthanam.
thyroid grandhiyude pravartthanatthinte ettavum upayogapradamaaya adayaalamaanu serem thyroid-stimulating hormon (tii. ezz. echu) alavu. uyarnna alavilulla pradhaanamaan, tii3 enniva tshinte uthppaadanathe adichamarthukayum pradhaanamaan, tii3 ennivayude thaazhnna alavukal tshinte uthppaadanam vardhippikkukayum cheiyunna oru classic negatteevu feedback samvidaanamaanu tshinte nila nirnnayikkunnath. athinaal doctormar palappozhum tii. ezz. echu levelukal oru screening testaayi upayogikkunnu, avide aadya sameepanam tii. ezz. echu uyarthiyittundo, adichamarthappedunnu, allengil saadhaaranamaano ennu nirnnayikkuka ennathaanu.
orotta asaadhaaranamaaya tii. ezz. echu level thettidharippikkunnathil, roganirnayam kooduthal sthireekarikkaan rakthathile pradhaanamaan, tii3 level alakkendathundu. shareerathil sanjarikkumbol, pradhaanamaan, tii3 enniva proteinukal kondupokunnathinu baadhyastharaanu. rakthachamkramanam nadathunna thyroid hormonukalude oru cheria bhagam maathrame paridhiyillaatthatho swathanthramo aayathinal jaivashaasthraparamaayi sajeevamaan. athinaal pradhaanamaan, tii3 ennivayude alavu swatantra pradhaanamaan, tii3, allengil motham pradhaanamaan, tii3 enningane alakkaan kazhiyum, ithu protein-boundu hormonukalkku purame swatantra hormonukalum kanakkiledukkunnu. chila marunnukalum rogangalum gathagatha proteinukalude saandrathaye baadikkukayum motham thyroid hormon alavu vyathyasthamakkukayum cheiyunnathinaal soujanya pradhaanamaan, tii3 alavukal pradhaanamaan. pradhaanamaan, tii3 alavukalkku vyathyastha maarganirddeshangalundu.
antithyroid aantibodikal.
thyroid grandhiyilekkulla autoantibodikal vividha rogaavasthakalil kandethaam. aanti-thyroglobulin aantibodikal (tii. jii. eiii. bii), aanti-microsomal/aanti-thyroid peroxidase aantibodikal (tii. pii. oo. eiii. bii), tii. ezz. echu risapttar aantibodikal (tii. srab) ennivayulppede niravadhi aanti-thyroid aantibodikal undu.
ultraasoundu.
palarkkum avarude jeevithathile eathenkilum ghattathil thyroid nodule vikasichekkaam. ithu thyroid kaansaraanenn palarum aashankappedunnundenkum, kaansarallaathathum haanikaramallathathumaaya niravadhi kaaranangalund. saadhyamaaya oru nodule undengil, thyroid grandhiyude pravartthanatthe baadhikkunnundo ennu nirnnayikkaan oru doctor thyroid function testtukalkku utharavidaam. klinikkal parisodhanaykkum laab parisodhanakalkkum sesham kooduthal vivarangal aavashyamaanenkil, medical ultrasonography thyroid nodulinte (kalude) swabhaavam nirnnayikkaan sahayikkum. saadhaarana" soumyavum "soumyavum" ennathil chila sradheyamaaya vyathyaasangalund. ultraasoundu scanile uyarnna aavruthi shabda tharamgangalkk prathyekamaayi kandethaan kazhiyunna cancer thyroid noduleukal. oru doctorq shaareerika parisodhanayil anubhavappedaan kazhiyaathathra cheruthaaya noduleukal ultraasoundu kandethukayum oru nodule praadhamikamaayi kharamo draavakamo (sistik) allengil randinteyum mishrithamaano ennu theliyikkukayum cheyyaam. palappozhum oru doctorude offeesil cheyyaan kazhiyunna, vedanayillaathathum vyakthiye oru vikiranathinum vidheyamaakkaathathumaaya oru imaging prakriyayaanith.
oru benin vezhsas verthirichariyaan sahayikkunna pradhana savisheshathakal. ultraasoundile marakamaaya (cancer) thyroid nodule inipparayunnavayaanu
ultrasonography valare pradhanappetta oru diagnostic upakaranamaanengilum, eee reethikk ellaayppozhum marakamaaya nodyoolukalil ninnu haanikaramallaathavaye verthirikkaan kazhiyilla. samshayaaspadamaaya kesukalil, microscopic parishodhanaykkaayi biopsy vazhi tissue sample palappozhum labikkum.
radio iodine scanning ettedukkalum.
radio active iodine (saadhaaranayaayi thyroid koshangale doshakaramaayi baadhikkaatha iodine-123, allengil apoorvvamaayi iodine-131) sahaayathode thyroid imej cheiyunna thyroid syntegraphy oru aashupathriyudeyo klinikkinteyo nuclear medisin vibhaagathil nadathunnu. moothrathil visarjjikkunnathin munbu radio iodine thyroid grandhiyil shekharikkunnu. thyroydilaayirikkumbol, oru camerayiloode radio active emission kandethanakum, ithu thyroid grandhiyude aakruthiyudeyum (radio iodine scan) tissue pravartthanatthinteyum (radio iodine ettedukkal) oru parukkan chithram srishtikkunnu.
oru saadhaarana radio iodine scan grandhiyiludaneelam ulkkollunnathum pravartthanavum kaanikkunnu. kramarahithamaya upabhogam asaadhaaranamaaya aakruthiyilullatho asaadhaaranamaayi sthithicheyyunnatho aaya oru grandhiye prathifalippikkaam, allengil grandhiyude oru bhagam amithamaayi pravartthikkunnatho nishkriyamo aanennu ithu soochippikkaam. udaaharanathinu, grandhiyude backie bhaagangalude pravartthanatthe adichamarthunnathuvare amithamaayi sajeevamaaya ("choodulla") oru nodule saadhaaranayaayi oru thyrotoxic adenomayanu, ithu apoorvvamaayi marakamaaya hyperthyroidisathinte shasthrakriyayiloode chikilsikkaavunna roopamaanu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, thyroydinte ganyamaaya bhagam nishkriyamaanennu kandethunnathu ("thanupp") thyroid cancer polulla pravarthanarahithamaaya tissue pradeshathe soochippikkaam.
radio aaktivittiyude alavu alakkaan kazhiyum, ithu grandhiyude upapachayam pravartthanatthinte soochakamaayi varthikkunnu. radio iodine upabhogathinte saadhaarana alavu kaanikkunnath 24 manikkoorin sesham thyroidil nalkunna dosinte ekadesham <aii. dii. 1> kandethaan kazhiyumennu. hyperthyroidism allengil hypothyroidism ennivayil sambhavikkunnathupole grandhiyude amithamaya pravartthanam allengil anaaraaktivitti saadhaaranayaayi radio iodine upabhogam vardhikkunnathilo kuraykkunnathilo prathifalikkunnu. hypo-allengil hyperthyroidisathinte vyathyastha kaaranangalal vyathyastha paattenukal sambhavikkam.
biopsy.
saadhaaranayaayi cancer allatha avasthakalil ninnu cancerine verthirichariyaan microscopino mattu parisodhanaykko keezhil parishodhanaykkaayi oru tissue sample nedunnathine medical biopsy soochippikkunnu. phine soochi aaspireshan (eph. enn. eiii) vazhiyo sasthrakriya vazhiyo biopsicaayi thyroid tissue nedaam.
sookshumamaaya soochi aaspireshan shasthrakriyayekkaal surakshithavum chelaveriyathum drishyamaaya paadukal avasheshippikkaathathumaaya hraswavum surakshithavum autpeshyant prakriyayaan. prakriyayaan soochi biopsykal vyaapakamaayi upayogikkappettu, ennaal cancer thirichariyunnathinulla krithyatha nallathaanennu amgeekarikkappettu, pakshe thikanjathalla. roganirnayathinte krithyatha oru asaadhaarana thyroid grandhiyude samshayaaspadamaaya ellah bhaagangalil ninnum tissue nedunnathine aasrayichirikkunnu. ultraasoundu vazhi sample edukkumbol phine soochi aaspireshante vishwaasyatha vardhikkunnu, kazhinja 15 varshamaayi, vadakke amerikkayil thyroid biopsic ithu mungananayulla reethiyaayi mariyirikkunnu.
chikitsa.
marunnu.
thyroxine thyroxine oru stereoisomeraanu levothyroxine, ithu valare pathukke tharamthaazhthappedukayum hypothyroidism ulla rogikalil divasathil orikkal nalkappedukayum cheiyunnu. pannikalil ninnulla swaabhaavika thyroid hormon chilappol upayogikkunnu, prathyekichu synthetic pathipp sahikkaan kazhiyaatha aalukalkk. graves rogam moolamundaakunna hyperthyroidism propylthiorasil, carbimasol allengil methimasol ennee theomide marunnukaloo allengil apoorvvamaayi lugols layani upayogicho chikilsikkaam. koodaathe, hyperthyroidism, thyroid tumours enniva radio active iodine upayogichu chikilsikkaam. aavarthichulla thyroid sisttukaludeyum lymph nodukalile metaastaattik thyroid cancerinteyum chikilsaykkulla ethanol kuthivayppukalum shasthrakriyaykk pakaramullathaanu.
sasthrakriya.
thyroid sasthrakriya vividha kaaranangalal nadathappedunnu. thyroydinte oru nodulo lobo chilappol biopsico allengil svayambharanamaayi pravartthikkunna adenomayude saannidhyam hyperthyroidisathine kaaranamakunnathinaal neekkam cheyyappedunnu. graves rogathinte hyperthyroidisathe chikilsikkunnathino allengil vrithikettatho supradhana gadanakale baadhikkunnatho aaya oru goyittar neekkam cheiyunnathino thyroydinte bhooribhaagavum neekkam cheyyaam ("subtotal thyroidectomy").
anubandha lymph nodukal ulppede muzhuvan thyroydinteyum samboornna thyroidectomy aanu thyroid kaansarinulla mungananayulla chikitsa. thyroid hormon maattisthaapikkunna vyakthi edukkunnillenkil thyroid grandhiyude bhooribhaagavum neekkam cheiyunnathu saadhaaranayaayi hypothyroidism undaakkunnu. thathfalamaayi, motham thyroidectomic vidheyamaaya vyakthikale saadhaaranayaayi thyroid hormon maattisthaapikkunnu (udha.jii. levothyroxine) avarude jeevithakalam muzhuvan. saadhaaranayekkaal kooduthal dosukal palappozhum aavarthanam thadayunnathinaayi nalkunnu.
thyroid grandhi shasthrakriyayiloode neekkam cheyyendathundenkil, aduthulla gadanakal, parathyroid grandhikal, aavarthichulla swarapedika naadi ennivaykku kedupaadukal sambhavikkaathirikkaan shradhikkanam. thyroid shasthrakriyaykkide aakasmikamaayi neekkam cheyyappedunnathinum koodaathe/allengil parikkukalkkum iva randum saadhyathayund.
rakthathil mathiyaya alavil kaalsyam nilanirthaan aavashyamaaya hormon parathyroid hormon (pii. tii. echu) parathyroid grandhikal uthpaadippikkunnu. neekkam cheiyunnathu hypoparathyroidisathinum oro divasavum anubandha kaalsyavum vitaamin diyum aavashyamaayi varunathinum kaaranamaakunnu. shasthrakriyayiloode eathenkilum oru parathyroid grandhiyilekkulla raktha vitharanam apakadathilaayaal, athil ulppedunna parathyroid grandhi (kall) chuttumulla peshi koshangalil veendum sthaapikkaam.
aavarthichulla svarakkuzhalukalude njarambukal pinn thyroidinoppam pravartthikkunna cricothyroid peshi ozhikeyulla swarakkuzhalile ellah baahya pesikalkkum motor niyanthranam nalkunnu. randilonnum allengil aavarthichulla rund svarakkuzhalukalude aakasmikamaaya murivu vokkal cordukaludeyum avayumaayi bandhapetta peshikaludeyum pakshaaghaathatthinu kaaranamaakukayum shabdathinte gunanilavaarathil maattam varuthukayum cheyyum. thyroid shasthrakriyaykkide aavarthichulla swarapedika nadic parikkukal sambhavikkunnath thadayaan shramikkumbol, naadi drishyaparamaayi thirichariyukayo shasthrakriyaykkide intraapparetteevu neuro imaging upayogikkukayo cheiyunnathu thammil vyathyasamonnum kaanikkunnillenn 2019 leeii chittayaya avalokanam nigamanam cheythu.
radio iodine.
iodine-131 upayogichulla radio iodine therapy thyroid grandhiye churukkaan upayogikkaam (udaaharanathinu, rogalakshanangal undaakkunna, ennaal kyaansar illaatha valia goyattarukalude kaaryatthil-samshayaaspadamaaya nodyoolukalude moolyanirnnayathinum biopsic sesham), allengil hyper active thyroid koshangale nasippikkaan (udaaharanathinu, thyroid cancer kesukalil). ayodinte kuravu ulla rajyangalil iodine upabhogam uyarnnathaayirikkam, pakshe mathiyaya rajyangalil iodine kuravaanu. thyroid upayogikkunna iodine-131 upabhogam vardhippikkunnathinum kooduthal vijayakaramaya chikitsa anuvadikkunnathinum, nilavilulla thyroid koshangale uthejippikkunnathinaayi therapic munbu tii. ezz. echu uyarthunnu. thyroid hormon marunnukal pinvalikkukayo 1999 ll amerikkayil puratthirakkiya recombinent human tii. ezz. echu (thyrajan) kuthivayppukal nadathukayo cheythaanu ithu cheiyunnathu. thyrajan kuthivayppukalkku <aii. dii. 1> vare edukkaan kazhiyumennu reportund. radio iodine chikitsa hypothyroidisathinum (chilappol chikilsayude anthima lakshyamaanu), apoorvamaanengilum, vedana syndrome (radiation thyroiditis kaaranam) ennivaykku kaaranamakum.
epidemiology.
amerikkayil, thyroid rogathinte ettavum saadhaaranamaaya roopamaanu svayam rogaprathirodha veekkam, athesamayam lokamembaadumulla hypothyroidisavum dayattari ayodinte kuravu moolamulla goyittarum ettavum saadhaaranamaanu. 2015-leeii american thyroid associationte kanakkanusarichu amerikkayil maathram ekadesham 20 dasalaksham aalukalkk thyroid rogam badhikkunnu. hypothyroidism muthirnnavaril <aii. dii. 1> shathamaanathe badhikkunnu, sthreekalilum praayamaayavarilum ithu kooduthalaanu. loka janasamkhyayude moonnilonnu perum nilavil kuranja bhakshana iodine alavilulla pradesangalilaanu thaamasikkunnath. ayodinte gurutharamaaya kuravu ulla pradeshangalil, goyittarinte vyaapanam 80 sathamaanam vare uyarnnathaan. iodine-kuravu kaanappedaattha pradeshangalil, hypothyroidisathinte ettavum saadhaaranamaaya tharam hashimotoyude thyroiditis enna svayam rogaprathirodha upavibhagamaanu, athil 1-2% enna vairasinte vyaapanamund. hyperthyroidisathe sambandhichidatholam, mattoru svayam rogaprathirodha avasthayaaya graves rogamaanu ettavum saadhaaranamaaya tharam, purushanmaaril 0.5 sathamaanavum sthreekalil 3 sathamaanavum. thyroid noduleukal saadhaaranamaanenkilum, thyroid cancer apoorvamaanu. yukeyile ellah arbudangaludeyum oru sathamaanathil thaazhe maathramaan thyroid arbudam, ennirunnaalum ithu ettavum saadhaaranamaaya endocrine tumouranu, koodaathe endocrine grandhikalile ellah arbudangalilum 90 sathamaanathiladhikam varum.

