
saidhaanthika neuromorphology

naadeevyavasthayile aakruthiyum connectivityum ganithashaasthraparamaayi vivarikkan roopaghadana upayogikkunna shaasthramaan saidhaanthika neuromorphology.
charithram.
roopangalekkurichulla yukthisahamaya patanam roopappedaan valarekkaalamaayi. kazhinja noottaandil kaivaricha pradhana purogathikalil, roopajananavum (roopangal nirmmikkunna reethi) roopaghadanayum (thirichariyaan kazhinja roopangal) verthirikkendathu pradhaanamaan.
morphogenesis.
prakrithiyile roopangalekkurichu dii aarsi thompsante (1917) lekhanathil ninnaan roopangalekkurichulla pradhana aashayaparamaaya mattangal vannath. iva sthiramaayi kanakkakkiyirunnilla, marichu rupajanana gadakangalude falamaayaanu kanakkaakkappettath. aduppamulla swabhaavathil ariyaatha roopathe shakthikalude lalithamaaya falamaayi nirvachikkunnu. duranta sidhaantham" yude sthaapakanaaya thom (1974) eee kruthiyodu thaan kadappettirikkunnathenne amgeekarichu. noonn-leanier mathematics duranta sidhaanthathinte vividha shaakhakalude oru parambara, fractal sidhaantham, "disipative strectureukal" enna sidhaantham, araajakathva sidhaantham enniva botot (1993) "morphological revolution" ennu vilikkunnathilekku nayichu, ithu bahiraakaashathe roopangalekkurichulla ashayathe aazhathil parishkarichu. saidhaanthika neuromorphology athinte uddeshyam saakshaathkaricha roopangalilekku parimithappeduthunnathina morphogenesis (roopangal nirmmicha reethi) upekshikkunnu.
neuromorphology.
chila phalangal undaayirunnittum, sthalavum aakruthiyum palappozhum naadeevyavasthayude pravarthanathekkurichu vivarangal konduvaraan saadhyathayaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnil. neurononukale muzhuvan kaanaan anuvadikkunna golji reethi kandethiyathin sesham neuromorphology ippozhum theevramaayi padikkappettu. ithu vivaranangalum roopangalum ulla samriddhamaaya saahityathinu kaaranamaayi. ithu raamon vaii kajaline (1911) theerchayaayum "neuron sidhaantham" (masthishkam orumichu ashayavinimayam nadathunna prathyeka koshangalal nirmmithamaan) kandethaanum "dynamic polaraiseshan" (axonal vardu) niyamam roopeekarikkaanum anuvadichu. mattullavarodoppam, prathyeka cerebral sthalangale aashrayich neuronukalude vaividhyamaarnna paattenukal addeham choondikkaanikkukayum prathyeka roopangalkku vahikkaan kazhiyunna pankukalekkurichu ithinakam sidhaanthangal purappeduvikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu niravadhi sramangal nadathiyittundu. dendritik morphologyil veendum ulchernna adanjathum thurannathumaaya nucleusukalekkurichu mannen (1960) nte pravarthanamaanu oru padi. ithinethudarnnu dendraitik arborisationukal anusarichu neuronukalude tharangal nirvachikkunna raamon-molinarinte niravadhi prabandhangal vannu.
aupachaarikavalkkaranam.
roopangalude tharamthirikkal yukthisahamaayi nadatthaanum avayude nirddishta gunangalum gunangalum nerittulla allengil sambadvyavasthayude adisthaanathil kandethaanum shramicha steevans (1974) prakrithi roopangalude oru sameepanam nirddeshichu. eathaandu oru noottaand muthal, ippozhum moshamaayi chooshanam cheyyappedunna saidhaanthika upakaranangalude oru pradhana corpus naadeevyavasthaye manassilakkaan valare sahaayakaramaanennu velippeduthi. eee upakaranangale pothuve "logical" allengil "logico-maathamaattikkal" ennu tharamthirikkaam. settu sidhaantham, sisttam sidhaantham, graph sidhaantham ennivayaanu saidhaanthika neuromorphologiac ettavum upayogapradamaayava, metrikk paaraamettarukalude jyaamithiyodoppam.
general morphology.
classic parambaraagatha roopangal uthbhavichathum udaaharanathinu euclidean jyamiti upayogichu cartician trierumaayi (moonnu "alavukalkku" oru lambamaya achuthandu) bandhappett vivarikkaavunnathumaayirunu. eee roopangalkku bhauthika saakshaathkaarangal (cubukal, panthukal) undakam..). ennirunnaalum, euclidean jyamiti upayogichu pala prakrithidatha vasthukkalum thripthikaramaayi vivarikkan kazhiyilla. avayil palathum udaaharanathinu fraaktalukalaanu (mandelbroat, 1983), kaaranam avaa shaakhakalullatho dwaarangalullatho allengil valare apachayamullatho aanu.. avarude kaaryatthil moonnu alavukal inii rekheeyamaayi bandhippichitla. uparithalangalkkum volyangalkkum ithu prathyekichum sathyamaan. steevans (1974) ithinakam oonnipparanjathupole chila roopaghadana krithyamaaya gunangal nalkiyekkaam. vasthukkalude uparithalam adisthaanamaaya rund athirukalil ninnu oru udaaharanam nalkaam. akathum puratthum vasthukkal kaimaattam cheiyunna sthalamaanu uparithalam. kuranja kaimaattam kooduthal prayojanakaramaanenkil, thiranjeduttha aakruthi saadhaaranayaayi andaakrithiyaanu (athaayath mutta, daanyangal, pazhangal, setaasiyans muthalaayava). golathe thikanja paridhiyayi), ithu oru nischitha voliyathinu uparithalathe athinte ettavum kuranja paridhiyilekku parimithappedutthunnu. exchange adisthaanaparamaayirikkumbol oru aminimal metteeriyal chelavu aavasyamaanu. dravyathinte alavu vardhippikkaathe bainari shaakhakal uparithalathinte alavu ganyamaayi vardhippikkunnu. sasyavrikshangaludeyum rakthakkuzhalukaludeyum shwaasakoshathinteyum moothravyavasthakaludeyum kaaryamaanith. oru valia kompinettoriyal shreni vaagdaanam cheiyunna bainari arborisationukal purappeduvikkunnathum sweekarikkunnathum thammilulla kaimatta samvidaanamaayi naadeevyavasthaye kaanavunnathaanu.
thirichariyalum vargeekaranavum.
neuromorphology oru prashnam athu oru vasthuvine, thalachorine, marichu oru sharashari thalachorine vivarikkendathundu ennathaanu. ithu sthithivivarakkanakkukalu vipulamaaya upayogathe nyaayeekarikkunnu.
tiner (1975) roow aandu stonum (1977) neuronal vargeekarana prakriyayil bahumaanikkenda aashayaparamaaya aditharakal vishakalanam cheythittundu. vargeekaranavum thirichariyalum verthirikkendathinte aavasyakatha avar oonnipparanju.
vargeekaranangal multifactorial teknikkukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathum sreniparavumaayirikkanam (dvishathaabdi mruga vargeekaranathe pinthudarunnathu).
somayude savisheshathakalekkurichu niravadhi perukalo thiricharivukalo nadathumbol, poornnamaaya dendraitik aarboraiseshanukalekkuraisllu oru alavilulla padanatthinu maathrame neutral neuronal taxonomic oru maarggam nalkaan kazhiyoo ennu vyakthamaayi. oru mruga inathil thalachorinte praadeshika bhaagathulla oru prathyeka tharam neuronine neuronal speeshees ennu vilikkunnu. mattoru mruga inathil ekadesham ore roopaghadanayulla neuronukal ore sthalathu nireekshikkumbol, athu oru neuronal janussaanu. neuronal kudumbangalum mattum undu. udaaharanathinu, makaakkinte straittathile spiny neuronukal oru inamaanu. manushyanteyum/allengil mattu jeevajaalangaludeyum koode avaa oru januss roopappeduthunnu. sthithivivarakkanakku thaarathamyangal enthaanu avasheshichathenno parinaamatthil enthaanu maariyathenno vishakalanam cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu.
vasthunishtamaayi nirvachikkapetta neuronukalil ninnu aarambhich neuronal settukal roopeekarikkaan kazhinju.
neuronal settukal.
settukal.
ganitham adisthaanamaakkiyulla sidhaantham ganithashaasthrathinte ellah shaakhakalkkum adisthaanamaanu" (qaan, 1995). settu sidhaantham vishakalanathilum yukthiyilum valia mattangal konduvannittundu. ithu lalithamaaya ashayangalil ninnaan aarambhikkunnath. udaaharanathinu, "oru koottam moolakangalude oru shekharamaanu" (qaan, 1995) athu avabodhajanyavum pradarshippikkendathillaathu. gadakangalkku settile amgangalaakaan pothuvaayund. oru prathyeka koottatthe nirvachikkunnath athinte moolakangalude pothuvaaya gunangalaanu. ithu samaanathakaludeyum oduvil typology vargeekaranathinteyum prasnangal uyarthunnu.
neuronal settukal.
neuronal settukal muzhuvan neuronukaludeyo neuronal bhaagangaludeyo settukalaayirikkaam.
neuronal sisttangal.
chinthikkaanum prathikarikkaanum oormmikkaanumulla nammude kazhivu naadeevyavasthayude pravartthanatthe aasrayichirikkunnu. manushya masthishkathinte pradhana yoonit gadakangalaaya neuronukalude gunangalum pravartthanavum aadyam vyakthamaakkathe namukk manassilakkaan kazhiyilla.
iva sankeernavum savisheshavumaaya koshangalaan. ennirunnaalum, kazhinja niravadhi varshangalayi kaivaricha sellular parinaamathekkurichulla mechappetta dhaarana, naadi koshangalude ettavum sankeernavum savisheshavumaaya gunangal polum eucariotic koshangalil nireekshikkappedunna adisthaana pravartthanangalude poruthappedutthaline prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu velippeduthi. angane, sellular neurobiology sell bayolajiyude oru pradhana adhyaayamaayi mariyirikkunnu. neuronukalekkurichulla padanangal adisthaana kosha jeevashaasthrathile purogathi valareyadhikam muthaledukkunnu. neremarichu, neuronukalude prathyeka savisheshathakalekurichulla gaveshanam jeevashaasthrathinte mattu mekhalakalil valia veezhchakal srishtikkunnu. vibhaagathile sellular neurobiology padhathikal sinapsile membran traafikkile samvidaanangalilum kosha dhruveekaranatthinte vikasanathilum paripaalanatthilum neuronal cytoplaasathinakathu oorganellukaludeyum macromoleculukaludeyum vaividhyamaarnna vitharanathinu utharavaadikalaaya samvidaanangalilum shradha kendreekarikkunnu. sinaapsukalude roopeekaranavum plaastisithiyum parishodhikkappedunnu. vakuppinte paarambaryatthil, janithakashasthram, protein, lipid biochemistry, molecular biology, athyaadhunika laitt, electron microscopy imaging teknikkukal enniva upayogichu eee mekhalakalile chodyangal multidisciplinary reethiyilaan sameepikkunnath. pareekshanathmaka samvidaanangalil mouse modalukal, cultured neuronukal, valia model synapsukal, isolated synaptic thayyaareduppukal, sell free sisttangal enniva ulppedunnu. eee adisthaana gaveshanavum rogavum thammilulla bandhathinu prathyeka oonnal nalkunnu.

