
peettar mistayar (kalaakaaran)

randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu oru audyogika yudhakalaakaaranenna nilayil nirmmicha kalaasrishtikalude falamaayi prashasthanaaya oru nyoosiland chitrakaaranum ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu peettar mistayar (juulai 4,1910-septambar 11,1995).
dunedinil janicha mistayar ottaago sarvakalashaalayil ninnu pathrapravartthana birudam nediyengilum patanam upekshichu 1931ll slade school oof phine artle cherunnathinayi englandilekku pooyi. birudam nediya sesham addeham landanil oru vaanijya kalakaaranaayi jolie cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettappol addeham randaamathe nyoosilaand paryaveshana senayil (2ensef) cherukayum 34-aamath aanti-tank baattariyil niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1940 aayappozhekkum addeham middle eesttil randaam nyoosiland divisionil sevanamanushtikkukayaayirunu, avide addehathinte kalaasrishti 2ensephinte kamaandaraaya mejar general bernard freeberginte shradha pidichupatti. freeberg addehathe 2ensephinte audyogika yudhakalaakaaranaayi niyamichu, eejipt, libia, tunisia, itali ennividangalile pradhana edapedalukal ulppede yudhasamayathu randaam nyoosiland divishante shramangale chithreekarikkunna niravadhi sradheyamaaya kruthikal emsintayar nirmmichu. 
yudhaanantharam, mistayar nyoosilandilekku madangukayum oru professional chithrakaaranaayi jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. thante pilkkala varshangalil, nyoosiland, pasaphik dveepukal, yudhakala thudangiya vishayangal ulkkollunna oru aathmakadhayum niravadhi kalaa pusthakangalum addeham nirmmichu. iva nyoosilandil addehathinte uyarnna padavi nilanirthaan sahayikkukayum 1970-ll addehathe britiish saamraajyathinte oordar offeesaraayi niyamikkukayum cheythu. raajyathe ettavum prashasthanaaya kalakaaranmaaril oralaaya addeham 1995ll vellingtonil vachu 85-aamm vayassil antharichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1910 juulai 4 nuu nyoosilandile doonedinil skotlandil ninnulla kudiyettakkaaranaaya peettar mistayarinteyum bhaarya isabella edith cubitinteyum makanayi peettar mistayar janichu. kaaksttan printing kambaniyude sahasthaapakanaaya pithaav lithographukalkkum vaattar kalarukalil pravartthikkunnathinum perukettayalaayirunnu, koodaathe autago dainamdina samayangalil cartoonistaayum pravarthichu. autago boys haiskoolil vidyaabhyaasam nediya addeham pithaavinte prothsaahanam labhichu praadeshika kalakaaranaaya alfred ooo keefil ninnu kalayil prabodhanam nedukayum kudumbatthinum suhruthukkalkkumaayi niravadhi kruthikal nirvahikkukayum cheythu. school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkiya sesham addeham pathrapravarthanam padikkaan ottaago sarvakalashaalayil pooyi. ennirunnaalum, 1931 aayappozhekkum, mentir kalaapadanam thudaraan theerumaanikkukayum nyoosilandile kozhsukal upekshikkukayum cheythu.
lunden.
thudakkathil kudumbatthinte dhanasahaayathode, mistayar landanilekku pooyi, avide addeham slade school oof phine artle chernnu, phine artsil baachilar padichu. eee samayathe addehathinte pravartthanangale russell flint, mouris griefenhagen, alfred munnings ennivar swaadheenichu. saha vidyaarthikalumaayi edapazhakukayum pradarshanangalil pankedukkukayum cheythukondu addeham landanile jeevitam aasvadichu. parimithamaaya varumanam undaayirunnittum addeham palappozhum europile pradhana bhoopradeshathekku yaatra cheyyukayum france, jarmmani, itali, spain ennividangalile ramgangal varaykkukayum cheythu. 1934-ll, sladile padanatthinte avasana varshamaaya addeham rachanayilum chithrarachanayilum sammanangal nedi.
birudaananthara birudathinushesham, mistayar landanil thudarukayum oru free-lans komezhsyal aarttistaayi pravartthikkukayum cheythu. sambadvyavasthayude avastha kaaranam 1930-kalil brittanil budhimuttaayirunnu, jolie eluppathil kaanaan kazhinjilla. thalphalamaayi, addehathinte uthppaadanam vaividhyapoornamaayirunnu; addeham naadaka nirmmanangalkkum restorantukalkkum chuvarchithrangalkkum sthreekalude maasikakalkkum serialukalkkum vendi kala cheythu. franch cubism, engleesh avant-gaard thudangiya aadhunika shailikalil addeham thante samakaalika kruthikalum cheythu. 1937-ll addeham oru engleesh vanithayaya liliyane vivaham kazhichu, oru model ennathinupurame oru chithrakaariyum.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
randaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettappol britiish sainyathil cheraan mistayar shramichenkilum nirasikkapettu. landanil valarnnuvarunna randaamathe nyoosilaand paryaveshana senayude (2ensef) oru vibhaagathil cheraan nyoosilaand pravaasikalkk kazhinjuvennu addeham taamasiyaathe kandethi. oru pathittaand neenda pakshaaghaathatthinu sheshamulla aaveshathinte vaagdaanam, muppathukalude mandatha" thedi addeham udan thanne chernnu. 2ensephinte lunden vibhaagam aldershottil pariseelanam nediya 34-aamathe aanti-tank baattariyaayi maari. 1940 eprilil yoonit englandil ninnu eejipthilekk purappettu, avide athu thudakkathil keyroyude praanthapradeshathulla maddy campil sthithicheyyukayum randaam nyoosiland divisionumaayi bandhippikkukayum cheythu. 
eejiptil aayirikkumbol, misintayarinte kalaparamaaya kazhivukal taamasiyaathe amgeekarikkappettu. oru sainika maasikayaaya "paredinu" addeham droingukal nalkukayum oru suraksha posttarinte adisthaanam roopappeduthunnathinaayi kalaasrishti thayyarakkan shanikkappedukayum cheythu. eee kalaasrishti pinneedu oru postkaardinaayi upayogikkukayum menty divisional chrismus cardilum pravartthikkukayum cheythu. swantham kaalath, 2nsephile saha sainikarude bhooprakrithiyum chhaayaachithrangalum addeham nirmmichu. 
aakaashachithrangale adisthaanamaakki itaaliyan prathirodha sthaanangalude bhoopadangalum droingukalum thayyarakki, randaam nyoosiland division aasthaanathulla drafting offeesilekku taamasiyaathe addehathe maattiyath addehathinte kazhivukal kandu. addehathinte jolisthalathinu chuttum addehathinte swantham chila kalaasrishtikal undaayirunnu, athu taamasiyaathe division kamaandaraaya mejar general bernard freeberginte shradha aakarshichu. kurachukaalamaayi, nyoosiland sarkkar yudhathil thangalude aalukalude chooshanangal rekhappeduthunnathinu oru audyogika yuddha kalakarane niyamikkunnathinekkuri aalochikkunnundenkilum ithuvare oru prathibaddhatha nalkiyittilla. 1941 januvariyil, neenda niyamana prakriyayil maduthu, freeberg, mentayarine audyogika nyoosilaand yuddha kalakaaranaayi thiranjedutthu athe samayam leftanantaayi sthaanakkayattam nalki.
thante puthiya rolil, mentir alankaricha sainikarude chhaayaachithrangal, yuddha ramgangal, munnirayilum pinbhaagatthum oru nyoosiland sainikante jeevithathekkurichulla oru parambara enniva nadappilaakkumennu nirddeshikkappettu. randaam nyoosiland divisionile brigediyarmaarude chhaayaachithrangal varaykkuka ennathaayirunnu freebergill ninnulla mistayarinte aadya utharavukal, athil addeham taamasiyaathe thalarnnu. ennirunnaalum, nirmmikkenda kaaryangalil freeberg thanikk dhaaraalam avasaram nalkiyathaayi addeham taamasiyaathe kandethi. 
crait.
randaam nyoosiland divisione greasylake ayachappol, germmaniyude adhinivesham pratheekshichu 1941 march aadyam raajyathe pinthunaykkaan ayacha niravadhi sakhya yoonittukalil onnaayi, eejiptil thudaraan misintayar utharavittu. greasile vinashakaramaaya sakhyasenayude prachaaranathetthudarnnu divisione kreettilekku ozhippichu. avide ayaykkaan anumathi thedi addeham freeberghinu apeksha nalkukayum vijayikkukayum meyy 14nuu kreettil athukayum cheythu. dveepilekku ozhippicha greak raajaavinte chhaayaachitram varaykkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte aadya dauthyam. meyy 20leeii vyoma adhiniveshathil mistayar sannihithanaayirunnu, eee samayathaan sambhavangal thante munbil prathyakshappettappol avaa pidichedukkunnathinulla thante reethikal addeham sthaapikkaan thudangiyathu. addeham munnirakalumayi thaarathamyena aduthu pravartthikkukayum rekhaachitrangal nirmmikkukayum athil ninnu pinneedu paintingukal nirmmikkukayum cheyyum. angane cheiyunnathiloode, addeham thante avant-gaard swaadheena shailiyil ninnu maari thante kruthiyil oru romaantik realism vikasippichu. 
kreettile pooraattatthil ninnu, mistayar niravadhi sradheyamaaya srishtikal nirmmichu; "falshirmjagar" (paratroopermaar) landing, divisional feeld aashupathrikalude bombakramanam, takarnna jarmman glyderukal. randaamathethil jarmman yudhathil marichavare chithreekarichu; parikkettavare addeham kaanikkumenkilum nyoosilandile marichavare addeham chithreekarichilla. meyy avasaanathode kreettil ninnu division ozhippicha sesham eejipthilekk madangiyethiya sesham, mistayarinte niravadhi kruthikal "paredu" maasikayil prasidheekarichu. thante ellah paintingukalum konduvaraan addehathinu kazhinjilla; chila valia jalavarnangal kreettil upekshikkendivannu.
vadakkan aphrica.
eejiptil, mistayarinte prarambha shradha kreettil thaan nirmmicha niravadhi rekhaachithrangale sariyaaya paintingukalaayi parivartthanam cheiyunnathilaayirunnu. aouttputtil mathippulavaakkiya freeberg addehathe captanaayi sthaanakkayattam nalki. addehathinte kruthikalude aadya pradarshanam 1941 joolaiyil keyroyil nadannu, addehathinte chila srishtikal aaa varshavasaanam "elastrated lunden nyoos" enna lekhanathil chithreekarikkaan upayogichu. grease, kreett, mistayar ennividangalile prachaaranangalethudarnnu randaam nyoosiland division punarnirmmikkunna prakriyayilaayirunnu; camp jeevithathinteyum dainamdina pravarthanangaludeyum niravadhi ramgangal addeham chithreekarichu. 20-aamm bataaliyan lefttanant chaals upaminu victoria cross nalkumennu adhikrithar prakhyaapichappol, addehathinte oru chhaayaachitram ettedukkaan mistayarinu nirddesham nalki. ooppareshan crusaderil pankedukkaan division munnilekku neengiyappol, yuddha ramgangalum yaathrayil puthumukhangalude chithreekaranangalum varachukondu mistayar athinoppam pooyi. tobrakkil kayaran kazhinjavaril oraalaayirunnu addeham, orikkal uparodhikkapetta thuramukhathinte niravadhi rekhaachithrangalum paintingukalum nirmmichu.
ooppareshan crusaderinu sesham, mistayar eejipthilekk madangukayum thante rekhaachitrangal poortthiyaakkiya paintingukalaayi nirmmikkaan samayam chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. 1942 eprilil keyroyil addehathinte kruthikalude mattoru pradarshanam nadannu, athu mikacha sveekaaryatha nedi. niravadhi puthumukhangalkkoppam sevanamanushtichirunna deerghadoora marubhoomi samghathodoppam addeham samayam chelavazhichu. eee anubhavathil ninnu addeham niravadhi kruthikal nirmmikkukayum marubhumiye "njaan kandittullathil vachu ettavum aakarshakamaaya raajyam" ennu visheshippikkukayum cheythu.
1942 juunil, randaam nyoosiland division minkhar kheyimil kanatha edapedal nadatthi, avide athu achuthandu sakthikalaal valayam cheyyappettirunnuvenkum vijayakaramaayi pottipurappettu. pinneedu athu ell alameen yudhathil poraadi. eee kaalayalavil emsintayar nirmmicha sradheyamaaya kruthikal; addeham palappozhum nyoosiland sainikarude sakhavaayi maarunnathil shradha kendreekarikkumaayirunnu. libiayilekkum thudarnnu tunisiayilekkum achuthandinte sainyam pinvaangiyathinetthudarnnu, randaam nyoosiland division backie britiish ettaam sainyavum, mistayarum pinthudarnnu vazhiyiloode painting nadatthi. 1943 februvari 4 nuu tripoly nadanna vijaya paredil addeham sannihithanaayirunnu, freeberginte nirddeshaprakaaram, paredinte oru painting tripoly sannihithanaya vinsttan charchilinu sammaanikkanamenn addeham aagrahichu. thripthikaramaaya oru painting nirmmikkaan mistayarinu kazhinjilla, pakaram skechukal thayyarakki.
nyoosilaandilekkulla yaatra.
aafrikkayile yudhathethudarnnu, avide axis fozhsu keezhadangiyathinethudarnnu, 1943 joolaiyil 2ensephile deerghakaalamaayi sevanamanushtikkunna sainikarude aadya samgham farloyil nyoosilandilekku madangukayaayirunnu. 12 varshathinide aadyamaayi raajyam sandarshikkaanaayi misttar avarodoppam pooyi. avide addehathinte kaalath addehathinte yudhakala raajyathudaneelam pradharshippichirunnu. avayil palathum ithinakam thanne achadiyaayi punarnirmmikkappettindum aadyamaayaanu nyoosilandil orijinalukal pradarshippikkunnathu. 
misintayarinte swantham pattanamaya dunedinil ninnu aarambhich, 2ensefumaayulla thante joliyekkurichum anubhavangalekkurichum addeham niravadhi prabhashanangal nadatthi. pradarshanam christchurch, vellington, thudarnnu ookklaand ennividangalilekku maatti. 1944 november 30 muthal januvari 3 vare accland art galleryil pradharshippicha eee paintingukal 28,000-thiladhikam aalukal kandu. nyoosilaand publishing kambaniyaaya eiii aanu mentinte thiranjeduttha kalaasrishtikal upayogichathu.echu. reedinte rupo mudraykku keezhil prasidheekaricha francis jaaksante ormmakkurippaaya "pasej tuu tobruck" thithreekarikkunnathinu reed limittad.
itali.
randaam nyoosiland division itaaliyan prachaaranatthil earppettirunna italiyilekku pookaan uddeshichu januvari 12 nuu mistayar eejipthilekk purappettu. ennirunnaalum, eejiptil aayirikkumbol pneumonia baadhichu ashupathriyil praveshippikkendivannu. 1944 march vare emsintayar casinoyilekku neengiyilla, avide division kanatha pooraattatthil earppettirunnu. casino aashramathile vivaadaparamaaya bombaakramanathinte chithreekaranangal ulppede addehathinte ettavum sradheyamaaya chila yudhakalakal eee samayat nirmikkappettu. american sainyam nagaratthe mochippichathinu thottupinnaale addeham romilaayirunnu, avide freeberginte abhyarthana maanich addeham piyus pathinaraman maarppaappayude chhaayaachitram nirmmichu. yudhathinte sheshikkunna bhooribhaagavum addeham randaam nyoosilaand division italiyilekku munnerumbol pinthudarnnu. 
pinneedu aaa varsham itaaliyan prachaarana velayil thaan nirmmicha 39 paintingukalude pradarshanam nadatthaan mistayar landanilekku pooyi. noyil bheeru, ezhaamathe duke oof vellington, general iyaan haamilttan ennivarulppedeyulla kazhchakkaar athil nannayi pankedutthu. sarr russell flint mistayarinte srishtiyekkurichu anukoolamaayi abhiprayappettu. pradarshanatthinte avasaanathil, yudhathinte avasaanam kaanunnathinaayi krithyasamayathu italiyilekku madangunnathinu munbu, royal airforcil sevanamanushtikkunna nyoosiland udyogastharumaayi bandhapettu addeham francilake yaatra cheythu. 1945 meyy 6 nuu mejaraayi sthaanakkayattam labhicha mistayar udan thanne nyoosilandilekku thirichayachilla, pakaram medittareniyan samudrathinu chuttum niravadhi maasangal thaamasichu. eee samayat addeham italiyileyum greasileyum triste, florence, ashramangal enniva sandarshikkukayum varshavasaanam discharge utharavukal labhikkunnathin munbu kreettilekku madangukayum cheythu.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
1946 februvariyil dunedinilethiya mistayar nagaratthile princes streettil oru studiyo sthaapikkukayum kammeeshan cheytha chaayaachithrangalilum prakrithidrishyangalilum muzhuvan samaya pravartthanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. yudhathinte thidukkathinu sesham samadhaanakaala chithrakalayumaayi ennethanne poruthappeduthunnathil valia budhimuttundaayirunnu" ennu addeham pinneedu sammathichu. samana chinthagathikkaaraaya kalakaaranmaarude oru samoohathinte vikasanathode aarambikkunna kalaykkaayi oru school sthaapikkaan addeham padhathiyittirunnu. ennirunnaalum, praadeshika kalaa rangam amachwarish aanennu addeham kandethiyathinal ithu oru velluviliyaayi maari. britiish, europian kalakaaranmaarude chitrakala shailikale maathram aavarthikkunnathayi kanakkakkikkondu addeham praadeshika kalaa ramgathe oru paridhivare apamaanichu. pakaram, toss voolaasttan, collin mccahon thudangiya niravadhi praadeshika kalakaaranmaar, iruvarum samaadhaanavaadikalaayirunnathil, mistayarinte prashasthi addehathinte yudhakala adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane vasthuthaye apalapichu. 
1949-nte thudakkathil, lilian mistayarumaayulla addehathinte vivaham vivaahamochanathil avasaanikkukayum addeham udan thanne punarvivaham cheyyukayum cheythu. adhehavum puthiya bharyayaaya patricia taamasiyaathe vellingtonilekku thamasam maari, avide addeham victoria parvathatthil thaamasichu. shift nortthinu munbu dunedinil nadatthiya parajayappetta pradarshanatthinu vipareethamaayi, avide addehathinte aadya pradarshanam vijayakaramaayirunnu. addehathinte srishtikal vaangunnavaril oraalaayirunnu ippol nyoosilaandinte govarnor janaralaayirunna freeberg. thante vivaahathinte falamaayi, thaan kooduthal sthirathaamasamaakkiyathaayum chitrakala kooduthal gauravamaayi edukkunnuvennum addeham sammathichu. kalaa malsarangalil vijayiyaya addeham 1957 leeii kellihar art awardil ramgithikai nadiyude bhooprakrithiyumaayi moonnaam sthaanathethukayum rund varshathinu sesham dunedinte ashtabhujathinte oru ramgathiloode vijayikkukayum cheythu. 1960, 1961, 1963 varshangalil addeham veendum moonnaam sthaanathethi.
prasidheekaranangal.
1962ll eiii. eiii. yude reey richards mistayarine sameepichu.echu. addehathinte kariyarinekkurichu oru pusthakam ezhuthaanulla nirddeshathode reed limittad. ithu "peyint cheytha varshangal" ennathilekku nayichu, ithu mistayar rachikkukayum chithreekarikkukayum cheytha niravadhi pusthakangalil aadyathethaanu. athu vijayakaramaayirunnu, nyoosilandile bhooprakrithikalulla oru vooliyam nirmmikkaan addeham reed vazhi kammeeshan cheiyunnathilekku nayichu. 1964ll prasidheekaricha "peettar mistayars nyoosiland" aayirunnu ithu. 5,000 roopayude aadya achadi divasangalkkullil vittupoyi. nyoosilandile oru praadeshika kalakarante srishtikal uyarthikkaattunnathilum addehathinte srishtikal vishalamaaya prekshakarude shradhayilppeduthunnathu eee pusthakam prathyekichum pradhanamaayirunnu, ithu 20 varshatholam achadi nilanilkkum. 1966ll prasidheekaricha addehathinte adutha pusthakamaaya "peettar mistayars pasaphik" vijayikkukayum oduvil amerikkayilekku vitharanam cheyyappedukayum cheythu. oru californian kambaniyaaya leyne publishing kambani, padinjaaran samsthaanangalil ninnulla ramgangal ulkkollunna "peettar mistayar vestt" nirmmikkaan reed, mistayar ennivayumaayi pankaalittham vahichu. ithu 1970-ll prasidheekarikkappedukayum 27,000-ladhikam koppikal vilkkukayum amerikkayil mistayarinte profile vardhippikkukayum cheythu. 
mistarraisinte oru prathyeka vyakthigatha padhathi "kakahi" aayirunnu. addehathinu oru avadhikkala veedu undaayirunna raajadeshathe cheria pattanamaya kaakiyude peril ariyappedunna eee pusthakam samrakshanathinteyum grameena bhooprakrithiyudeyum vishayangal eduthukaanichu. thante pithaav "ivide valare samthrupthanaanu" ennu mentirinte makal pinneedu kakiyekkurichu shradhichu. "mistezhs kantri" 1979 ll prasidheekarikkappettu, addehathinte avasaanathe pusthakangal "peettar misttera vaar aartist" aayirunnu. ithu 1981ll prasidheekarikkappedukayum addehathinte yudhakala pothujanangalude shradhayilppeduthukayum cheythu. 
maadhyamapravarthakar anweshanam nadatthiya sesham, randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu audyogika yuddha kalakaaranmaar nirmmichathum nyoosiland sarkkaarinte swathumaaya srishtikal raajyathudaneelam vyaapakamaayi vyaapichukidakkunnathayi kandethi. palathum retained sarveesas associationukalilum regional myoosiyangalilum sarkkar vakuppukalilum avarude paricharanathekkurichu chinthikkathe pradharshippichu. pala jolikaludeyum mosham avastha, panikalude naamamaathramaaya sookshippukaaranaaya aabhyantharakaarya vakuppinu nere pothu vimarsanathinu kaaranamaayi. thangalkk thoongikkidakkaan sthalamillennu thudakkathil avakashappettathinushesham, yuddha kalakarante srishtikal deseeya aarkkaivukalilekku kendreekarikkaan ithu theerumaanichu. shekharathilulla 160 emm. sintayar varkkukalil 40 ennathinu kurachu punarudhaarana pravartthanangal aavasyamaanennu kandethi.
avasana varshangalum paarambaryavum.
1970 kalilum 1980 kalilum addehathinte paintingukalkku uyarnna vila nalkiyirunna emsinteyarinte srishtikal pothuthalpparyamullathaayi thudarnnu. 1983ll, venis ramgangalude paintingukalude oru ookklaand exhibishanil addeham 110,000 dollariladhikam vilppana nedi. rund varshathinu sesham, addehathinte pravarthanatthinulla amgeekaaramaayi addehathinu govarnor generalinte art award labhichu. varshangalkk munbu kalaykkulla sevanangalkkayi addeham britiish saamraajyathinte oordar offeesaraayi niyamikkappettirunnu. 1995 septambar 11nuu vellingtonil vachu addeham marichu, bharya rund kuttikalum undaayirunnu. varshathinte thudakkathil, vellington sitti gallery addehathinte yudhakalayude oru pradarshanam nadatthi; addehathinte maranasamayathu 22,000-thiladhikam aalukal addehathinte srishtikal kandirunnu. 
niravadhi puthumukhangalkk, praadeshika kalayekkurichulla avarude aadya aamukhamaayirunnu mistayarinte srishtikal, addeham raajyathudaneelam ariyappettirunnu. addehathinte paintingukalkkaayi thirachil thudarukayaanu; 2015 novemberil nadanna kaarshika ramgangalude paintingukalude lelam pratheekshichathilum valare kooduthal vila nedi. 2021 februvariyil vellingtonil addehathinte kakkahi paintingukalude oru pradarshanam nadannu.
kurippukal.
adikkurippukal
avalambangal

