chinthaparamaaya vaikalyam

bhasha, chintha, ashayavinimayam ennivaye badhikkunna bodhatthile aswasthathayaanu chinta vaikalyam (tidi). padavali 2015lum manashaasthraparavum manashaasthraparavumaaya glosarikal aashayangalude daaridryam, puthiya padangal, paralogia, vaid salad, vyaamohangal-chinthayude ulladakkathinteyum roopathinteyum ellah thadassangalum ulkkollunna chinta vaikalyangale thiricharinju. ulladakka chinta vaikalyam (sii. tii. dii), aupachaarika chinta vaikalyam (eph. tii. dii) enningane rund prathyeka padangal nirddeshikkappettittund. onniladhikam vighadicha vyaamohangalaal savisheshathayulla oru chinta aswasthathayaayi sii. tii. diye nirvachichittundu, koodaathe "chinta vaikalyam" enna padam palappozhum oru eph. tii. diye soochippikkaan upayogikkunnu chinthayude roopathinte (allengil gadanayude) thadassamaanu. asamghaditha chintha ennum ariyappedunna eph. tii. dii., asamghadithamaaya samsaarathin kaaranamaakukayum schisophreniayudeyum mattu maanasikaavasthakaludeyum (maanasika vaikalyangal, demensia, unmaadam, neurological rogangal enniva ulppede) oru pradhana savisheshathayaayi amgeekarikkappedukayum cheiyunnu. kramarahithamaya samsaram kramarahithamaya chinthayude nigamanatthilekku nayikkunnu. paalam thettal, sammarddamulla samsaram, samsaarathinte daaridryam, sparsanasheshi, vaakchaathuryangal, chinthakale thadayal enniva chinta vaikalyangalil ulppedunnu. chinthaparamaaya vaikalyangalude aadyathe kesukalilonnu, allengil innu namukkariyaavunnathupole prathyekichum oo. sii. dii., 1691-layirunnu. oru bishappaayirunna joonn muur merii randaaman raajnjiyude munnil "mathaparamaya vishaadathekkurichu" oru prasangam nadatthi."
aupachaarikamaaya chinta vaikalyam chinthayude roopathe (ulladakkathekkaal) badhikkunnu. bhraanthil ninnum vyaamohangalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, ithu manasshaasthrathinte nireekshikkaknathum vasthunishtavumaaya adayaalamaanu. eph. tii. dii oru maanasika vaikalyathinte oru saadhaarana pradhana lakshanamaan, ithu theevrathayude adayaalamaayum roganirnayathinte soochakamaayum kaanapedaam. cognitive neuro sayans, neuro lingvistiks, saikyatri ennee mekhalakalil gaveshana thaalparyam srishticha cognitive, bhashaaparavum affective aaya aswasthathakalude oru koottatthe ithu prathifalippikkunnu.
schisophrenia ennu peritta yoojan blueler tidi athinte nirvachikkunna swabhaavamaanennu paranju. torret syndromil clanging allengil ecolalia polulla chinthayudeyum samsaarathinteyum aswasthathakalum undakam; mattu lakshanagal diliriyathil kandethaam. eee rund grouppukalum thammil oru klinikkal vyathyasam nilavilundu. maanasikarogamulla rogikal kramarahithamaya chinthayekkurichu avabodhamo aashankayo prakadippikkaanulla saadhyatha kuravaanu, mattu vaikalyangalullavar vyakthamaayi chinthikkaan kazhiyaathathinekkurichu bodhavaanmaarum aashankaakularumaanu.
ulladakka chinthaasangharsham.
oru vyakthikk onniladhikam, vighadicha vyaamohangal anubhavappedunna oru chinta aswasthathayaanu ulladakka chinta vaikalyam, saadhaaranayaayi schisophreniayudeyum obsessive-compulsive desorder, unmaadam enniva ulppedunna mattu chila maanasika vaikalyangaludeyum savisheshatha. amithamoolyamulla ashayangal muthal sthiramaaya vyaamohangal vareyulla asaadhaarana vishwaasangalum bodhyangalumaan (vyakthiyude samskaaravum pashchaathalavum kanakkileduthathinusesham) chinta ulladakka thakaraarinte kaathal. chila vyaamohangal oru thakaraaril mattethinekkaal kooduthal vyaapakamaanenkilum eee vishwaasangalum vyaamohangalum saadhaaranayaayi nirddishtamallaatha roganirnayamaanu.
avabodham, aashankakal, vishwaasangal, munkaruthalukal, agrahangal, faantasikal, bhavana, ashayam enniva ulkkollunna neurotypical chintha yuktirahithavum parasparavirudhamaaya vishwaasangalum munvidhikalum pakshapaathangalum ulkkollunnathumaayirikkum. vyakthikal ganyamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu, koodaathe oru vyakthiyude chinthakalum kaalaakaalangalil mariyekkaam.
ulladakka chintharogam vyaamohangalil maathram othungunnilla. mattu saadhyamaaya asaadhaaranathakalil aathmahathya, akramasakthamaaya, kolapathaka ashayangal enniva ulppedunnu
psychosisil, vyaamohangalaanu ettavum saadhaaranamaaya chinta ulladakka takaraar. oru vyakthiyude praadeshika, saamskaarika, vidyaabhyaasa pashchaathalavumaayi samanvayippikkaatha yukthisahamaya vaadathino thelivino vidheyamallaatha aparyapthamaaya adisthaanangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla urachathum sthiravumaaya vishwaasamaanu vyaamohangal. unmaadam, vishaadam, schisoafective desorder, dilirium, demensia, laharivasthukkalude upayoga vaikalyangal, schisophrenia, bhrama vaikalyangal ennivayullavaril vyaamohangal saadhaaranamaanu. oru maanasikavastha parisodhanayile saadhaarana udaaharanangalil inipparayunnava ulppedunnu
aupachaarikamaaya chinta vaikalyam.
aupachaarika chinta vaikalyam (eph. tii. dii) asamghaditha samsaram ennum ariyappedunnu. kramarahithamaya chinthayude thelivaanithu, ithu schisophreniayude oru mukhamudrayaanu. chinthayude roopathinte (ulladakkathekkaal) oru vaikalyamaaya eph. tii. dii., vyaamohangalum vyaamohangalum ulkkollunnu, ithu maanasikarogatthinte nireekshikkaavunna adayaalamaanu. saikkosisinte oru saadhaarana, pradhana lakshanamaya ithu theevrathayude adayaalamaayum roganirnayathinte pravachanamaayum kaanapedaam. cognitive neuro sayans, neuro lingvistiks, saikyatri ennee mekhalakalil gaveshana thaalparyam srishticha cognitive, bhashaaparavum affective aaya aswasthathakalude oru koottatthe eph. tii. dii prathifalippikkunnu.
positteev, negatteevu lakshanangaludeyum vasthunishtamaaya (aathmanishtamallaatha) lakshanangaludeyum koottangalaayi ithine vibhajikkaam. positteev, negatteevu lakshanangalude alavil, avaye positteev aupachaarika chinta vaikalyamaayum (pii. oo. ezz. eph. tii. dii) negatteevu aupachaarika chinta vaikalyamaayum (negg. eph. tii. dii) tharamthirichittundu. samsaarathinte sammarddam, sparsham, paalam thettal, poruthakkedu, yuktirahitatha ennivayaayirunnu positteev upavibhagangal; samsaarathinte daaridryavum ulladakkathinte daaridryavumaayirunnu negatteevu upavibhagangal. rund grouppukalum saadhaarana samsaarathinte iruvashathum aanennu abhipraayappettirunnuve pinneedulla padanangal avaa thammil moshamaayi bandhappettirikkunnave kaanichu. chinthayudeyum bhaashayudeyum thakaraaraan (talled) eph. tii. diyude samagramaya alavu. kuttikalilum avarude kuttikkaalatthum aupachaarika chinta vaikalyathinte saannidhyam vilayiruthaan kiddy aupachaarika chinta vaikalya rating skeyil (keey-eph. tii. dii. ezz) upayogikkaam. ithu valare vipulavum samayamedukkunnathumaayathaane, athinte phalangal valare vishadamaayi vishwasaneeyavumaanu.
nancy andrisen tii. dii. esukale "chintha-bhasha-ashayavinimaya vaikalyangal" (tii. ell. sii vaikalyangal) aayi thirichariyaan eshtappettu. chintha, bhasha, ashayavinimayam (tlc) skailil eftidiyude ezhu domainukal vare vivarichittundu, mikka vyathyaasangalum rando moonno domainukal kanakkakkunnu. chila tlc vaikalyangal kadinamaaya vaikalyathe kooduthal soochippikkunnu, avaa aadyathe 11 enangalkkoppam pattikappedutthiyittundu.
roganirnayam.
dii. ezz. emm. vii. eph. tii. diye "vichitramaaya samsaaramaayum aashayavinimayamaayum prakadamaakunna oru maanasika lakshanamaayi" tharamthirikkunnu."eph. tii. dii. yill poruthakkedu, vichitramaaya vaakkukal, vichedikkappetta ashayangal allengil saadhaarana samsaarathil ninnu prathekshikkunna munkootty ariyappedaatha ulladakkathinte abhavam enniva ulppedaam. klinikkal psychologistukal saadhaaranayaayi rogikalumaayi oru paryavekshana sambhashanam aarambikkukayum rogiyude vaakkalulla prathikaranangal nireekshikkukayum cheythukondu eph. tii. dii vilayiruthunnu.
schisophreniayude roganirnayam sthaapikkaan palappozhum eph. tii. dii upayogikkunnu; cross-sekshanal padanangalil, schisophrenia ulla rogikalil 27 muthal 80 sathamaanam vare eph. tii. dii ullavaraan. schisophreniayude oru mukhamudra savisheshathayaaya ithu mattu maanasika vaikalyangalkkidayil vyaapakamaanu; schisoafective desorder ullavaril 60 sathamaanam vareyum klinikkal depression ullavaril 53 sathamaanam vareyum eph. tii. dii kaanikkunnu, ithu schisophreniaykku maathramullathallenn soochippikkunnu. aarogyamullavaril ekadesham aarr sathamaanam perum eftidiyude neriya roopam prakadippikkunnu.
eftidiyude savisheshathakal oro vaikalyangalkkum anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu. niravadhi padanangal soochippikkunnathu, unmaadathile eph. tii. dii aprasakthamaaya nuzhanjukayatangalum ucharikkappedunna samyojitha chinthakalum adayaalappeduthunnu, saadhaaranayaayi schisophreniayulla rogikalil ninnu kaliyum vazhukkum illaathirikkum. schisophreniayulla rogikalil adangiyirikkunna eph. tii. diyude savisheshatha kramarahitata, neologism, draavaka chintha, vaakk kandethanulla budhimuttumaayulla ashayakkuzhappam ennivayaanu.
eftidiyude rekhaamshagathiyekkurich parimithamaaya daattayund. 2023 aayappozhekkum eph. tii. diyekkurichulla ettavum samagramaya deerghakaala patanam schisophrenia mattu maanasika vaikalyangalum thammilulla chinta-vaikalya lakshanangalude deerghakaala gathiyilulla vyathyasam kandethi. saamoohika, thozhil, vidyaabhyaasa pravartthanangalude pree-indux vilayiruthalukalum eftidiyude rekhaamshagathiyum thammilulla bandhavum patanam kandethi.
saadhyamaaya kaaranagal.
aupachaarikamaaya chinta vaikalyathinte kaaranagal vishadeekarikkunnathinu niravadhi sidhaanthangal vikasippichittund. eph. tii. dii. semantic memory vazhi neurocognishanumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave nirddeshikkappettittund. schisophrenia ulla aalukalil semantic network vaikalyam fluency thammilulla vyathyasam alakkunnu (udha.jii. 60 secondinullil uthpaadippikkappedunna mrugangalude perukalude ennavum (udha.jii. 60 secondil uthppaadippikkunna 'eph' ll aarambikkunna vaakkukalude ennam) aupachaarika chinta vaikalyathinte theevratha pravachikkunnu, ithu vaakkalulla vivarangal (semantic primingiloode) labhyamallenn soochippikkunnu. mattu sidhaanthangalil pravartthana memory kammi (oru sambhaashanathil ithinakam paranja kaaryangalekkurichu aashayakkuzhappathilakuka), shradha kendreekarikkuka enniva ulppedunnu.
schisophreniayile eph. tii. dii bhasha shringalayile gadanaaparavum pravarthanaparavumaaya asaadhaaranathakalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave kandethiyittundu, avide gadanaaparamaaya padanangal ubhaykakshi chaara dravyakkuravu kandethi; ubhaykakshi inferior frondall gyrus, ubhaykakshi inferior paariyettal lobul, ubhaykakshi superior temporal gyrus ennivayile kurravukal eph. tii. dii parasparabandhithamaan. ennirunnaalum, mattu padanangal bhasha shringalayude eph. tii. diyum gadanaaparamaaya vyathiyaanangalum thammil oru bandhavum kandethiyilla, koodaathe bhasha shringalayil ulppeduthiyittillaathi pradeshangal eph. tii. diyumayi bandhappettirikkunnu. schisophreniayilum bhasha shringalayile neural asaadhaaranathakalilum eftidiyumaayi enthengilum bandhamundo ennu vyakthamakkaan bhaaviyile gaveshanam aavasyamaanu.
eph. tii. dick kaaranamakunna traansmittar samvidaanangalum anweshichittundu. schisophrenia rogikalil suuppar temporal gyrasil glutamaterjic sinaapsukalude apoorvamaaya ghadakam moolamundaakunna glutamate pravarthanarahithatha positteev eph. tii. diyude pradhana kaaranamaanennu padanangal kandethiyittundu.
niravadhi kudumba, eratta padanangalil eftidiyude paarambaryakshamatha theliyikkappettittund. functional emm. aarr. aii scanning samayat pankedukkunnavar nirvahikkunna oru semantic verbal-fluency task upayogichu imaging janithaka padanangal, glutamaterjic traansmissionumaayi bandhapetta alleelukal saadhaarana bhashayumaayi bandhapetta mastishka pradeshangalile pravarthanaparamaaya vyathiyaanangalkk kaaranamaakunnuvenn velippeduthi. ennirunnaalum, eph. tii. dii janithakamaayi nirnnayikkappedunnave mathramalla; kuttikkaalathu maathaapithaakkalude aakarshakamaaya chinthakal polulla paaristhithika swaadheenangalum schisophreniaykkulla paaristhithika apakada gadakangalum (kuttikkaalatthe durupayogam, kudiyettam, saamoohika ottappedal, kanjaavu upayogam ennivayulppede) eph. tii. diyude pathophysiologic sambhavana cheiyunnu.
eftidiyude uthbhavam saamoohika patana veekshanakonil ninnu sidhaanthamaakkiyittundu. eph. tii. diyude vikasanathinu roopam nalkunnathil kudumba ashayavinimaya reethikal pradhana punk vahikkunnuvennu gayakan wine paranju; pravarthanarahithamaaya saamoohika edapedalukal oru kuttiyude lokathinte ekeekrithavum susthiravumaaya maanasika praathinidhyangalude vikaasathe durbalappeduthukayum eph. tii. dii vikasippikkanulla saadhyatha vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
chikitsa.
eph. tii. dii. chikilsikkaan palappozhum anticycotic marunnukal upayogikkunnu. anticycotic chikilsayude falapraapthiyekkurichulla bhooribhaagam padanangalum syndrome allengil lakshanangalil phalangal report cheiyunnillenkilum, aarr pazhaya padanangal eph. tii. diyil anticycotic chikilsayude phalangal report cheiyunnu. eee padanangalum klinikkal anubhavavum soochippikkunnathu positteev allengil negatteevu eph. tii. dii ulla rogikalkku anticycotics palappozhum phalapradamaaya chikilsayaanu, ennaal ellah rogikalum avayodu prathikarikkunnilla.
cognitive behavioural therapy (cbt) eph. tii. diyude mattoru chikilsayaanu, pakshe athinte falaprapti nannayi padikkappettitla. psychosis chikilsikkunnathinulla cbtyude falaprapti vilayiruthunna valia kramarahithamaya niyantritha pareekshanangal palappozhum kadinamaaya eph. tii. dii ulla vyakthikale ozhivaakkunnu, kaaranam ithu therapic aavashyamaaya chikitsa sakhyam kuraykkunnu. ennirunnaalum, cbtyude falaprapthy eftidy thadayillennu thaalkkaalika thelivukal soochippikkunnu.
eph. tii. dii ulla rogikalkku cbtyil inipparayunna reethikal upayogikkanamennu kircher sahapravarthakarum nirddeshichittundu
adayaalangalum lakshanangalum.
pothuvaaya janasamkhyayil bhasha vaikalyangal nilanilkkunnu, avaa oru avasthaye soochippikkunnilla. schisophreniayilum mattu vaikalyangalilum (unmaadam allengil vishaadam polullava) allengil ksheenitharo sammarddamullavaro aaya arcum avaa sambhavikkam. chinta vaikalyam, samsara reethikal, lakshanangalude theevratha, avayude aavruthi, falamaayundaakunna eathenkilum pravartthana vaikalyam enniva verthirichariyaan pariganikkaam.
paalam thettal, sammarddamulla samsaram, samsaarathinte daaridryam, sparsanakshamatha, chinthaye thadassappedutthal enniva tdyude lakshanangalil ulppedunnu. schisophreniayude oru mukhamudrayaanu eph. tii. dii. ennaal mattu avasthakalumaayum (maanasika vaikalyangal, demensia, unmaadam, neurological rogangal ennivayulppede) bandhappettirikkunnu. shradhakkuravu, mosham ormmashakthi, amoortha ashayangal roopappeduthunnathinulla budhimuttu ennivayum tidi prathifalippikkaam, koodaathe seeriyal sevens allengil memory testtukal polulla maanasika-staattas testtukal upayogichu nireekshikkaanum vilayiruthaanum kazhiyum.
tharangal.
tdyude muppathu lakshanagal (allengil savisheshathakal) vivarichittundu, avayil iva ulppedunnu
padavali.
padavali 2015lum manashaasthraparavum manashaasthraparavumaaya glosarikal aashayangalude daaridryam, navabhasha, paralogia, vaid salad, vyaamohangal (chinta ulladakkathinteyum roopathinteyum aswasthathakal) ennivayulppedeyulla ashayavinimayam, bhasha allengil chinta ulladakkathe badhikkunna aswasthamaaya chintha allengil vijnjaanam ennaanu 'chinta vaikalyam' ennu nirvachichathu. onniladhikam vighadicha vyaamohangalaal savisheshathayulla oru tidi ennaanu ctd nirvachichirikkunnathu, koodaathe eph. tii. diye chinthayude roopathilo ghadanayilo ulla aswasthathayaayi nirvachichu.
2013 dii. ezz. emm-5 praadhamikamaayi asamghaditha chinthayudeyum samsaarathinteyum paryaayamaayi eph. tii. dii enna padam maathrame upayogichulloo. ithu ithu icd-10 (ellaayppozhum "vyaamohavum" "mathibhramavum" ennathinoppam "chinta vaikalyavum" enna vaakk maathram upayogicha), upayogicha) oru medical nighanduvumaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi maanasika padavalikku samanamaaya chinta vaikalyangale nirvachikkukayum icd-10 cheythathupole mattu entrikalil eee vaakk upayogikkukayum cheythu.
schisophreniayude pashchaathalatthil chinta vaikalyathe oru "desorganisation syndrome" aayi vivarikkunna 2017 leeii oru maanasika paatam
chila klinikkanmaar "aupachaarika chinta vaikalyam" enna padam vishaalamaayi upayogikkunnuvennum, maanasika vaijnjaanika adayaalangalo lakshanangalo ulla chinta roopathile asaadhaaranathakale paraamarsikkunnuvennum, schisophreniayile cognision, subsindromukal ennivayekkurichulla padanangal eftidi "aashayaparamaaya kramakkedukal" allengil "desorganisation ghadakam" ennu paraamarshikkaamennum tekst paranju.
chilar viyojikkunnu
kozhs, roganirnayam, roganirnayam.
schisophreniayil maathrame tidi sambhavikkunnulloo ennu vishwasikkappettirunnu, ennaal pilkkala kandethalukal soochippikkunnathu mattu maanasikaavasthakalilum (unmaadam ulppede) maanasikarogamillaatha aalukalilum ithu sambhavikkam ennaanu. schisophrenia ulla ellah aalukalkkum tidi illa; eee avastha rogathinu prathyekamalla.
chinta-vaikalya upavibhaagangale nirvachikkukayum avaye positteev allengil negatteevu lakshanangalayi tharamthirikkukayum cheyyumbol, nancy andriazen kandethi. 
unmaadam, vishaadam, schisophrenia enniva ullavaril vyathyastha aavruthikalil tdyude vyathyastha upavibhagangal sambhavikkunnu. unmaadamulla aalukalkk samsaarathil sammarddam cheluthunnathu ettavum pradhanappetta lakshanamaan, koodaathe schisophrenia ullavareppole paalam thettal, sparsanakshamatha, poruthakkedu ennivayude nirakkum pradhaanamaan. sammarddabharithamaaya samsaram, shradha vyathichalippikkal, saahacharyangal enniva avarkk kooduthal ishtamaanu.
schijophrenia ulla aalukalkk samsaarathinte daaridryavum samsaarathinte ulladakkathinte daaridryavum ulppede kooduthal negatteevu tidi undu, ennaal thaarathamyena uyarnna positteev tidi nirakkum undu. paalam thettal, lakshyam nashtappedal, samsara ulladakkathinte daaridryam, sparsanakshamatha, yuktirahitatha enniva schisophreniayude savisheshathakalaan. vishaadarogamulla aalukalkk thaarathamyena kuranja tii. dii. ezz undu; ettavum pradhaanamaayath samsara daaridryam, samsara ulladakkathinte daaridryam, saahacharyangal ennivayaanu. rogalakshanangale upavibhagangalaayi vibhajikkunnathinte roganirnaya prayojanam andreeson shradhichu; poornnamaaya rogalakshanangalillaatha negatteevu tds schisophrenia soochippikkunnu.
negatteevu-positteev-rogalakshana vibhajanangalude pravachana moolyavum avar udharichu. unmaada rogikalil, mikka tii. dii. kalum vilayiruthalinushesham aarumaasathinusesham pariharikkappedunnu; ithu soochippikkunnathu schisophrenia pole kadinamaanengilum unmaadathile tii. dii. ezz mechappedunnu ennaanu. ennirunnaalum, schisophrenia ullavaril, negatteevu tds aarumaasathinusesham nilanilkkukayum chilappol vashalaavukayum cheiyunnu; positteev tds kurachukoodi mechappedunnu. negatteevu tidi chila phalangalude nalla pravachanamaan; pramukha negatteevu tidi ulla rogikal aarr maasathinu sesham saamoohika pravartthanatthil moshamaan. kooduthal pradhanappetta negatteevu lakshanagal saadhaaranayaayi moshamaaya phalathe soochippikkunnu; ennirunnaalum, chila aalukal nannayi pravartthikkukayum marunnukalodu prathikarikkukayum thalachorinte saadhaarana pravartthanam nadathukayum cheythekkaam. positteev lakshanagal samaanamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu.
rogathinte thudakkathile oru pramukha tidi, thaazhepparayunnava ulppede, moshamaaya roganirnayam soochippikkunnu 
chikitsayodu prathikarikkaattha tidi oru mosham roga gathi pravachikkunnu. schisophreniayil, tidi theevratha hyalusineshanukalekkaalum vyaamohangalekkaalum sthirathayullathaanu. positteev lakshanangalumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol madhyavayassil pramukha tii. dii. kall kurayaan saadhyathayilla. schisophreniayude prodromal, sheshikkunna kaalaghattangalil kuranja-gurutharamaaya tidi sambhavikkam. cognitive behaviour therapy (cbt), psychotropic marunnukal thudangiya cycotherapy chinthaasankeernnathaykkula chikilsayil ulppedaam.
dii. ezz. ezz vyaamohangal, mathibhramangal, asamghadithamaaya chinta prakriya (aupachaarika chinthaasampradaayam), asamghadithamo asaadhaaranamo aaya chalana swabhaavam (kaattattoniya ulppede) enniva saikkosisinte pradhana lakshanangalayi ulppedunnu. schisophrenia-spectrum disordezhs, schisophreniphom desorder ennivayil saadhaaranayaayi pramukhamaaya midhyaadhaaranakal, vyaamohangal, eph. tii. dii enniva adangiyirikkunnu; randaamathethu gurutharamaaya kramarahitavum vichithravum kaattonik swabhaavavumaayi avatharippikkunnu. vaidyashaasthraparamaaya avasthakalum laharivasthukkalude upayogavum moolamundaakunna maanasika vaikalyangalil saadhaaranayaayi vyaamohangalum midhyaadhaaranakalum ulppedunnu. apoorvamaaya vyaamohavum pankitta maanasika vaikalyavum saadhaaranayaayi nirantharamaaya vyaamohangalumaayi kaanapedunnu. schijophreniayilum maanasika vaikalyangalilum eph. tii. dii. kall saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunnu, schijophreniayil samsara ulladakkathinte daaridryam kooduthalaanu.
schijophrenia, bipolar unmaadam thudangiya maanasikaavasthakale rogaavasthayil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum, oru vyakthi mattu nettangalkkaayi rogam vyaajamaakkumbol, klinikkal avatharanangaliloode; paalam thettukayo bandhatthinte ayav polulla roopathil kramakkedukalonnumillathe chinta ulladakkamaayi mallingermar pravachikkunnu. alogia ulppedeyulla negatteevu lakshanagal illaathirikkaam, vittumaaraatha chinta vaikalyam saadhaaranayaayi vedanaajanakamaanu.
moonnu vayassinu munbu rogalakshanangal aarambhikkenda roganirnayathinu oottisam spectrum disordezhs (asd) neratheyulla schisophreniayil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum; 10 vayassinu thaazheyulla schisophrenia valare apoorvamaanu, koodaathe asd rogikal eph. tii. dii. kanikkunnilla. ennirunnaalum, asd ulla vyakthikal schisophreniayil kaanappedunnathupole bhasha aswasthathakal prakadippikkunnuvennu nirddeshikkappettittund; 2008 leeii oru padanatthil asd ulla kuttikalum kaumaarakkaarum niyanthrana vishayangalekkaal kooduthal yukthirahithamaya chinthayum ayanja bandhangalum kaanikkunnuvenn kandethi. yukthirahithamaya chintha vaijnjaanika pravarthanavumaayum executive niyanthranavumaayum bandhappettirunnu; ayanja associationukal ashayavinimaya lakshanangalumaayum sammarddathinteyum uthkandayudeyum maathru reportukalumaayum bandhappettirunnu.
aswastharaaya rogikalil tidi vilayiruthunnathin rorshack parisodhanakal upayogapradamaanu. ink blottukalude oru parambara kaanikkukayum chinthayude thadassangal nirnnayikkaan rogiyude prathikaranangal vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. moolyanirnnayathinte swabhaavam mattoraalude vaijnjaanika prakriyakalekkurichum avaa engane samshayaaspadamaaya uthejakangalodu prathikarikkunnu ennathinekkurichum ulkkaazhcha nalkunnu. schisophrenia ulla aalukal clexography inkblottukalekkuri saadhaarana chinthakalaayi kanakkaakkappedunna mattullavaril ninnu valare vyathyasthamaaya vyaakhyaanangal nalkiyennum ithu tii. dii. ezz nirnnayikkunnathinulla ettavum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna moolyanirnnaya upakaranangalilonnayi maariyennum manassilaakkiyathin sesham herman rorshack schisophrenia nirnnayikkunnathinaayi eee parisodhana vikasippichu.
vaakkalulla prathikaranangalil tdyude theevratha kooduthal nirnnayikkaan sahayikkunnathinaayi deltta soochika ennum ariyappedunna chinta vaikalya soochika (tdi) vikasippicheduthu. tdi skorukal praadhamikamaayi rorshack testtinte vaakkalulla-prakadippicha vyaakhyaanangalil ninnaan uruthirinjathu, ennaal tdi mattu vaakkalulla saambilukalumaayum (vexler muthirnnavarude intelligence skeyil ulppede) upayogikkaam. tii. dii. aii. kku irupathimoonnu vibhaagathilulla scoring soochikayundu; oro vibhaagavum 0 muthal 1 vareyulla skailil theevrathayude nilavaaram score cheiyunnu,. 25 mithavum 1 ettavum kadinavumaanu (. 25,50,75,1.00).
vimarsanam.
vrithaakruthiyilullatho poruthappedaatthatho aaya nirvachanangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane tidi vimarshikkappettittundu. kramarahithamaya chinthayil ninnaan kramarahithamaya samsaram undaakunnathenn anumaanikkunnathine adisthaanamaakkiyaanu kramarahithamaya samsaarathil ninnu tdyude lakshanagal anumaanikkunnath. tidi saadhaaranayaayi psychosisumaayi bandhappettathaanenkilum, samanamaaya prathibhasangal vyathyastha vaikalyangalil prathyakshappedukayum thettaaya roganirnayathilekku nayikkukayum cheyyum.
schisophreniayude lakshanangale tidi ulppedeyulla negatteevu allengil positteev lakshanangalayi verthirikkunnathumaayi bandhapetta oru vimarsanam, ithu tdyude sankeernathayeyum mattu positteev lakshanangalumayulla bandhatheyum amithamaayi lalithamaakkunnu ennathaanu. negatteevu lakshanagal parasparam bandhappettirikkunnave ghadaka vishakalanam kandethi, ennaal positteev lakshanagal rund grouppukalaayi vibhajikkunnu. negatteevu lakshanagal, maanasika lakshanagal, kramarahithamaya lakshanagal enningane moonnu klasttarukal ariyapettu. parambaraagathamaayi negatteevu lakshanamaayi tharamthirickunna alojia rund tharangalayi tirikkaam samsara ulladakkathinte daaridryam (oru kramarahithamaya lakshnam), samsaarathinte daaridryam, prathikarana kaalathamasam, chintha thadayal (negatteevu lakshanagal).
ennirunnaalum, positteev-negatteevu-rogalakshana diametrics schisophreniayude kooduthal krithyamaaya swabhaavasavisheshatha praapthamaakkiyekkaam.

