
jaims cair

scotish rasathanthranjanum bhoomishaasthranjanum vyavasayiyum kandupiduthakkaaranum chaandrasamoohamaaya birminghamile oru pradhana amgavumaayirunnu jaims kiir froze (20 septambar 1735-11 october 1820).
jeevithavum joliyum.
1735ll skotlandile stirlingshayarilaanu joonn keyarinteyum (jaims lindinte ammayi) magdalin lindinteyum pathinettaamatthe kuttiyayi cair janichathu. jaims edinburghile royal haiskoolil padikkukayum eddinberg sarvakalashaalayil vaidyashaasthram padikkukayum avidevechu irasmus daarvinumaayi kandumuttukayum shaashvathamaaya sauhrudam sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
22-aamm vayassil, kiir sainyathil cherukayum 61-aamath rejimentil (ippol gloucestershire rejiment) kammeeshan cheyyappedukayum cheythu. ezhu varshathe yudhathil addeham thante rejimentinoppam vestt indeesil nilayurappichirunnu. 1759 march 31nuu addeham lefttanantum 1766 meyy 16nuu kyapttan-lefttanantum athe varsham juun 23nuu captanumaayi.
1768 leeii vasanthakaalath thante sahodara udyogastharilninnu padanatthil kooduthal sahathapam labhikkathathil niraasanaaya addeham thante kammeeshan raajivachu. ennirunnaalum, alexander blairil oru nalla suhruthine addeham kandethi, pinneedu 69-aamm rejiment oof foottil captanaayi. sainyathil aayirikkumbol cair yudhakalayekkurichu oru grandham ezhuthi, athu abadhathil thante prasaadhakarkk nere kathichu, kammeeshanukalude vilppanaykku anukoolamaayi granbyude markvissine abhisambodhana cheytha oru laghulekhayum. ithe kaalayalavil addeham classic, sainika ezhuthukaar vaayikkaan raavile naalu manikk ezhunnelkkukayum polybiasinte niravadhi adhyayangal vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheythirunnu.
aathyanthikamayi cair kunnin mukalil, vestt bromwich, staffordshire ennividangalil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum rasathanthrathilum bhoomishaasthrathilum svayam samarppikkukayum cheythu. 1772-ll, mattullavarumayi chernnu, storbridginu sameepamulla ambilkottil deerghakaalamaayi sthaapithamaaya oru glass varkkukal cair paattatthinu nalki, athu addeham kaikaaryam cheythu. saamuval skey (bedlake sameepam vitriyol nirmmicha), joonn tailor (oru pramukha birmingham nirmmaathaav) ennivar pankaalikalaayirunnu. avide aayirikkumbol, kair thante raasa pareekshanangal thudarnnu, prathyekichu kshaarangalude gunangalil. glassil nireekshicha christalaiseshanukalekku" addeham ezhuthiya oru prabandham addehathinte suhruthu jorjju fordise rajakeeya samoohathe ariyikkukayum 1776 ll samoohathinte "daarshanika edapaadukalil" achadikkukayum cheythu.
athe varsham thanne cair mccarinte "dictionaire dii chimi" yude vivarthanam poortthiyaakki, kootticherkalukalum kurippukalum sahitam landanil rund kwarto vaalyangalayi prasidheekarichu. 1777-ll addeham "vividha tharatthilulla ilaastik draavakangalekkuricho vaathakangalekkuricho" oru prabandham puratthirakki (puthiya pathipp, 1779). kiir maathyoo boltonumaayi sauhrudam sthaapikkukayum 1768 leeii sarathkaalathaanu addeham jaims vaattine aadyamaayi boltante veettil vachu kandumuttukayum cheythath.
1778-ll kair thante glass bisinesses upekshichu, boltoninteyum vaattinteyum abhaavathil, handsworthinaduthulla berminghamile sohoyil avarude enchiniyaring jolikalude eaka chumatala ettedukkaan. ennirunnaalum, saambathika apakadasaadhyatha kaaranam oru pankaalitthatthinte vaagdaanam addeham nirasikkukayum sthaapanavumaayulla bandham lettar-koppi mesheen vakuppilekku parimithappedutthukayum cheythu.
1779-ll addeham chembu, sink, irumbu ennivayude oru aloy kandupidichu pettant edukkukayum cheythu, athu choodullatho thanuppullatho aakam. pinneedu munds mettal ennariyappettathumaayi ithu eathaandu saamyamullathaanennu parayappedunnu.
1780ll cair, alexander blairumaayi (pinneedu sainyathil ninnu viramicha) chernnu, soodiyam, pottasyam sulfateukalil ninnulla kshaaratthinte nirmmaanathinaayi dadlikkaduthulla tiptonil oru raasapravarthanangal sthaapichu, athil addeham pinneedu oru sopp factory chertthu. cares kandethiyathodeyanu verthirichedukkal reethi aarambhichath. aduthulla oru roadine sopp factory rooad ennu vilichirunnuvenkilum ippol athine factory rooad ennu vilikkunnu.
1780ll joseph preestli birminghamil athiyappol, kaarban dye ooksaid vaathakavum anthareeksha vaayuvum thammilulla vyathyasam kandethiya keyaril oru kazhivulla sahaiye addeham kandethi. vaathakangalude gunangal anweshikkaan kiir prestliyumaayi chernnu pravarthichu. 1787 meyy 3 nuu kiir raajasamoohathe "vitriolic aasidinte konjeleshanekkurichulla chila pareekshanangal", 1788 meyy 1 nuu "acidity, jalathinte vighadanam, flojisttan ennivayude thathwathekkurichulla paraamarshangal" ennivayekkurichu ariyichu. 1788ll 'transactions oof dhaa sosaitti oof arts' enna pusthakatthil 'phoosil alkali' enna vishayathekkurichulla mattoru prabandham prasidheekarichu. 1789-ll cair thante "kemistry nighanduvinte" aadya bhagam prasidheekarichu. thante flojisttan sidhaanthathinte balaheenata bodhyappettathinethudarnnethu addeham athu nirtthi.
1790 meyy 20 nuu, lohangalude vibhajanathinte chila saankethika pravarthanangalkku upayogapradamaaya oru puthiya samyuktha assid aarthavathekkurichulla vivaranathode aasidukalile lohangalude vighadanathekkurichum avayude avakshepathekkurichum kair rajakeeya samoohathe "pareekshanangalum nireekshanangalum" ariyichu. electro-plate prakriyayude kandethalinu kaaranamaaya nirddeshangal eee prabandhatthil adangiyirikkunnu. athe varsham thanne august gottfried ludwig lentin ithu jarmman bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheythu, "versuche undu beaubactungen berber dye ouflosung derr mettali inn sorren"... "
1794-ll cair blair dudley, tipttan ennivayude athirthikalilulla tvdale pradeshathu bhoomi vaangi, athil avar tvdale collary sthaapichu. cair staafordshayarile dhaathushaasthram padikkukayum 1798-ll shaayude "staafordshayarile charithram" stebbing cheiyunnathinaayi athinekkurichu oru lekhanam ezhuthukayum cheythu. staffordshire nirmmaanathekkurichum addeham shhaa vivarangal nalki.
1800ll birminghamile gregory vaatt sandarshikkumbozhaanu sarr humphry davie keyarine parichayappedutthiyathu. 1811 februvariyil niravadhi maathrkakalkkoppam "tvdale kolariyile oru kuzhiyil mungiyathinte oru vivaranam" kiir bhoomishaasthra samoohathinu kaimari.
1807 desember 19nuu, kair hilton parkkil blairumaayi thaamasikkumbol, vestt bromvichile addehathinte veedu kathichu, ennirunnaalum addehathinte mikka pusthakangalum pepparukalum samrakshikkappettu. kurachukaalam addeham ayalpakkathulla oru cheria phaam housilaanu thaamasichirunnathu.
1820 october 11nuu vestt bromvichil vachu kiir marikkukayum avide chaarlemondile ellah vishudharude palliyilum samskarikkappedukayum cheythu. 1770-ll susanna harviyumaayulla (1747-1802) vivaahathiloode addehathinu amelia (1780-1857) enna eaka makalundaayirunnu, avar 1801-ll jeneevayile joonn luis moiliattineyum pinneedu aberley pinneedu vyapariyum birminghamile baankarumaaya joonn louisine vivaham kazhichu.
thiranjeduttha shaasthrethara rachanakal.
1791-ll vidhavayude prathyeka agrahaprakaaram, "sandford aandu merttan" enna kruthiyude rachayithavaaya thante suhruthu thomas deyude ormmakkurippu cair ezhuthi. athe varsham juulai 14 nuu oru pothu athaazhavirunnil franch viplavathodulla keyarinte sahathapam addehathe valareyadhikam krooramaaya durupayogathinu vidheyanaakki. agnishamaka nirmmaathaav" polulla vividha laghulekhakalil addeham thanneyum purohitaneyum prathirodhichu. sobersides", "" "hye charchu politiks". 1793-ll cair 'raashtrangalude sainika swabhaavam' enna thalakkettil oru laghulekha prasidheekarichu, deseeya prathirodham aavashyamillaathathaakkaan franchukaar athra pasaphik aakaan saadhyathayillenn vaadichu. patthu varshathinusesham addeham "franch sainyathinte grettu brittan adhiniveshathekkurichulla prathiphalanangal; prathirodha reethi; deseeya nikuthikalude upayogapradamaaya prayogam" (1803) ezhuthi.
kavithayezhuthi idaykkide rasippicha cair, "botanical garden" nte randaam bhaagathinaayi niravadhi mechappeduthalukal (pinneedu sweekarichathu) nirddeshichu. 1845 desember 25nuu vorcestershayarile aberley haalilulla makalude vasathiyil undaaya theepidutthatthil addehathinte kathidapaadukalude ettavum moolyavathaaya bhagam nasippikkappettu. rakshikkappettathil ninnu thiranjeduttha oru chithram, addehathinte jeevithathinte oru rekhaachithram 1859ll swakaarya pracharanatthinaayi achadichu.

