
dhii redu draagan (magazin)

1882 februvari muthal 1887 juun vare veyilsile cardifil prasidheekaricha oru prathimasa engleesh bhasha saahitya maasikayayirunnu dhii redu draagan, dhii naashanal magazin oof weils. 1885 juulai vare jaims harris chumathalayelkkunnathuvare ithu chaals wilkins edittu cheythu.
praadhamikamaayi southu veyilsile janangale lakshyamittaanenkilum, "velsh janathayude savisheshathakalum lakshyangalum avarude bhaashayudeyum saahithyathinteyum soundaryavum valia engleesh lokathinu ariyikkuka" ennathaayirunnu uddeshyam. veyilsinte charithram (sameepakaala charithrathinu oonnal nalkunna), jeevacharithrangal, kavithakal, seeriyal novalukal ennivayekkurichulla lekhanangal maasikayil ulppeduthiyittundu.
1887-ll maasika adachupoottiyathiloode praadeshika pathrangalil niravadhi khedaprakadanangal undaayi. parambaraagatha aithihyangalude oru rekhayaayi "redu draagan" aadhunika pandithanmaarkk upayogapradamaaya charitra vibhavamayi thudarunnu.
pashchaathalam.
1880kall veli janathayude saamoohika maattatthinte nirnaayaka kaalaghattamaayirunnu, prathyekichu parambaraagatha grameena samskaaram, bhasha, matham, vidyaabhyaasam, raashtreeyam ennivayil vyavasaayavalkkaranathinte phalangalude kaaryatthil. janasamkhyayude naalil moonnu bhaagavum velsh samsaarikkunnu (mikkavarum maathramaayirunnillenkum) ennaal engleeshine bisinessumaayum vijayavumayum thirichariyunna oru madhyavarga samskaaram vikasichirunnu. landanil othukoodiya vyakthavum shakthavumaya bisinesses, professional welshmen grouppukal" undaayirunnappol, pala britiish janangalum munkaalathe manoharamaaya oru avashishtathekkaal alppam kooduthalaayi veyilsine kanakkaakkiyirunnu.
cambrian rajisttar" (1795-96,1818), "cambro-brittan aandu general celtic reposity" (1820-1822), "cambrian traimaasam" (1829-1833), "cambrian jenal" (1854-1864) thudangiya engleesh bhasha aanukaalikangal velsh patanam prolsaahippikkaan idaykkide shramichuvenkilum nilaninnilla.
charithravum ulladakkavum.
1882 februvari muthal 1885 juun vare maasika kaikaaryam cheytha charitrakaaranum ezhuthukaaranumaaya chaals wilkins aayirunnu "redu draagan"-nte sthaapaka edittar. appozhekkum addeham "mertherile ettavum pandithanaaya saahitya vyakthiyum yadhaarthathil veyilsile" vyakthiyumaayirunnu. englandil janichenkilum jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum addeham merthir tidefillaanu chelavazhichathu. addeham ithinakam mertthirinteyum veyilsinteyum charithrangal ezhuthukayum 1881 leeii naashanal istedphodil thante rachanaykk oru swarnna medel nedukayum cheythirunnu. addehathinte bardic peru kaattvag ennaayirunnu. redu draagan" ennathiloode, engleeshil valarunna pothu saaksharathayullavarilekku athicheraan wilkins uddeshichu, pakshe veyilsinekkurichu arivilla, "velsh janathayude savisheshathakalum lakshyangalum avarude bhaashayudeyum saahithyathinteyum soundaryavum valia engleesh lokathinu ariyikkuka".
1885 joolaiyil jaims harris edittar sthaanam etteduthu. merthir tidefill ninnum addeham munbu oru pathrapravartthakanum maasikayude sambhaavanakkaaranumaayirunnu. 1887 juun avasana nambar prasidheekarikkunnathuvar addeham edittaraayi thudarnnu. danielle ooven & kambaniyaanu eee maasika cardifil achadichathu."
maasikaykku vendi vipulamaayi ezhuthunnathinoppam, edittarmaar "engleesh scholastic pariseelanam nediya" oru koottam sthiramaaya sambhaavakare koottichertthu. kazhchappadil parambaraagathavum yaadhaasthithikavumaanenkilum, aami dilvin, kettu dooad, jeanet forsit, ella egarttan ennivarulppede niravadhi vanita ezhuthukaare maasika avatharippikkukayum "veyilsile advaanikkunna aalukalodulla aadaravum vaalsalyavum" prakadippikkukayum cheythu. "chuvanna draagan" "paavappettavarude melulla sammarddangalekkurichulla susthira avabodhavum thozhil jeevithathinte yaadhaarthyangalekkurichu vyakthamaaya kazhchappadulla vilamathipum" "pradarshippikkukayum veli mekhalayile jolie cheiyunna aalukalude jeevithathe" "bahumaanathodeyum yadhaartha thaalpparyathodeyum" "kaikaaryam cheyyukayum cheythu".
jeevacharithrangal, kavithakal, seeriyal novalukal ennivayulppedeyulla mattu sakthamaaya saahitya ulladakkangalkoppam saamoohikavum raashtreeyavumaaya abhipraayangalum avatharippikkunnu. bhoomi udamasthaavakaasham, pothu vidyaabhyaasam ennivayulppede samooham, saambathikashaasthram, raashtreeyam ennivayude nilavile vishayangalil oru velsh veekshanam nalkaan magazin sramikkukayum velsh paarlament amgangalude pravartthanangal report cheyyukayum cheythu. saamoohika vyathyasavum grameenavum nagravum thammilulla vyathyasavum aavarthichulla vishayangalaan. library pusthakangalile naamamaathramaaya kurippukal", "saahitya, kalaa kurippukal", "saahitya, puraavastu thaalpparyamulla enangalekkurichulla kurippukalum chodyangalum" "wales, athirthi kaundikalumaayi bandhapetta kaaryangalil maathram othungunna" enniva pathiv vibhagangalil ulppedunnu.
southu weils pathrangalil eee maasikaykku niravadhi anukoola avalokanangal labhichu (wilkins ithe pathrangalil palathinum ezhuthiyittundengilum). velsh aanukaalikangalekkurichu malcom baalinile aadhunika patanam soochippikkunnathu "athinte ettavum uyarnna samayat [" chuvanna draagan "] aadyamaayi puthuthayi amgeekarikkappetta prekshakarude shradha engleeshile velsh aanukaalikathilekku aakarshichu ennaanu."1884 januvari muthal 1885 juun vareyulla lakkangalil ithu pakuthiyaayi kurachenkilum maasikayude vila oro lakkathinum (ekadesham) oru shilling aayirunnu.
1887 juunil "redu draagan" adachupoottunnathu praadeshika pathrangalude edittarmaarkku ayacha kathukalil khedathode rekhappeduthiyittundu. oru pathradhipar abhipraayappettath, "engleesh samsaarikkunna weils pothujanagalkk munnil uyarnna nilavaaratthilulla vaayanayude kaaryam avatharippikkunnath oru kaaryamaayi thonnunnu, koodaathe engleesh samsaarikkunna pothujanagalkk athinte yadhaartha moolyathil eee shramathe vilamathikkaan mattoru kaaryamaan" ennaanu.
paarambaryamaayi.
"chuvanna draagan" "paavappettavarude melulla sammarddangalekkurichulla susthiramaaya avabodhavum thozhil jeevithathinte yaadhaarthyangalekkurichu vyakthamaaya kazhchappadulla vilamathipum" "pradarshippikkukayum veli mekhalayile jolie cheiyunna aalukalude jeevithathe" "bahumaanathodeyum yadhaartha thaalpparyathodeyum" "pariganikkukayum cheiyunnu". oormmayil ninnu athivegam mangikkondirunna atharam parambaraagatha aithihyangale rakshappeduthukayum rekhappeduthukayum cheyyendathinte adiyanthira aavasyakatha" enna prathikaranamaayi srishticha oru charitra vibhavamenna nilayil aadhunika pandithanmaarkk eee maasika vilappettathayi thudarunnu.

