
maala (jaathi)

indian samsthaanangalaaya andhraapradesh, thelankaana ennividangalil ninnulla oru telung jaathiyaan maala. karnataka, maharashtra samsthaanangalilum ivayude ennam kuravaanu. avare india gavanment pattikajathi (ezz. sii.) aayi kanakkakkunnu. 2001leeii sensus kanakkukal prakaram annathe aandhraapradeshile pattikajathi janasamkhyayude 41.6 sathamaanam (aii. dii. 1 laksham) malakalaayirunnu, athil innathe thelankaana samsthaanavum ulppedunnu.
charithram.
panthrandaam noottaandil, palnaadu manthriyaayirunna palanatti braahmana naidu, thante rakshaakarthruthvathil palnaadu yudhathil dheeramaayi pooraadukayum marikkukayum cheytha oru malayaya kannammadasu pidichedutthu. pinneedu, kannama daasuvinte pingaamikal maala dasuluz ennariyappedukayum chennakesava swami kshethrangalude pradhana purohithanmaaraayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. parambaraagatha pattunool neythukaarum maalakalaan. eee vibhagangal polum nilavil aandhraapradeshinte chila bhaagangalil nilavilundu.
1909-ll, edger tharsttan, maalakal yadhaarthathil swatantra malayora yodhaakkalude oru gothramaayirunnuvennum vijaynagarayile polygerukalkku keezhil raid cheyyukayum kollayadikkukayum cheytha koolippadayaalikalkk panam nalkukayum cheythirunnuvennum abhiprayappettu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil, kristhyan missionarymaarude varavinushesham pala maalakalum, prathyekichu theeradesha aandhrayile pala maalakalum lutheranisathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappettu.
1917ll, bhaagya reddy varmayum aringe ramaswamy samghadippicha aadhi-andhra prasthaanam madigarkoppam maalakaleyum dravida prathyayashaasthrathinte bhagamaakkaan nayichu. 1931leeii sensus prakaram avaril palarum thangalude jaathikale aadhi andhra ennu paraamarsikkukayum 1935leeii sarkkaaril avare audyogikamaayi adichamarthappettavarude pattikayil ulppeduthukayum cheythu. indian bharanaghadanayude niyamangalum pinneedu 1950 leeii indian bharanaghadanayilum nadappakkappettu.
harithaviplavathinte varavode, muun braahmana bhoovudamakalil ninnu bhoomi vangiya reddikalum choudharikalum. ennirunnaalum, bhoorahitharaaya dalithukalum (pradhaanamaayum maalakal) pinnakka vibhaagangalum vividha sarkkaarukalude pinthunayude abhavam moolam ippozhum gurutharamaaya saahacharyangal nerittu. dalith vibhaagakkaarkk bhumiyo gunanilavaaramulla vidyaabhyaasamo nedaan kazhinjilla. 1980kalil reddy samudaayangaludeyum kamma samudaayangaludeyum rashtreeya uyarchayode, maalakalum mattu dalithukalum vardhichuvarunna aavruthiyilum kroorathayilum akramatthinte lakshyangalayi maari. ambedkaraittu, maarksist chinthakalil ninnu swaadheenikkappetta dalith mahasabha, katti pathma raavu, bhoja tharakam thudangiya charismetic nethaakkalulla dalith mahasabha, "unnamana" thenna gandhiyan aadarshangalil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaaya saamoohika parivartthanatthiloode jathiyum thottukoodaaymayum illaathaakkaan shramichu."avarude aavasyangalil yadhaartha bhooparishkaranavum ulppedunnu. 1991-leeii krooramaaya sundur koottakkolaykk sesham avarude samghadanaykku oru uthejanam labhichu, avide reddy 8 maalakale vadhichu. ennirunnaalum, raavu thiranjeduppu raashtreeyathil praveshikkaan shramichappol prasthaanam durbalamaayi.
raashtreeyam.
1993leeii uttarpradesh niyamasabha thiranjeduppil bahujan samaj party samajwadi party vijayichappol, aandhraapradeshilum samanamaaya vijayam nedaan kazhiyumenna prateeksha raavuvin nalki. ennirunnaalum, ithumoolam prasthaanam pilarnnu raavu rashtreeya swaadheenathe anukoolikkunna oru vibhaagathe nayikkukayum tharakam oru prathyeka vibhaagathe nayikkukayum cheythu. 1994leeii niyamasabha thiranjeduppiloode raavuvinte swapnangal thakarnnu, avide tii. dii. pii. subalton jaathikalude samaaharanathe prathirodhikkaan niravadhi janakeeya padhathikal vaagdaanam cheyyukayum nirnnaayakamaayi vijayikkukayum cheythu.
pattikajathi kwattayude vargeekaranavumaayi bandhapetta 1990-kalil 'madiga dandora prasthaanatthe' tharakam ethirkkukayum jaathi kwattayude valiyoru bhagam thattiyedutthuvenna aropanangal nishedhikkukayum athinte aavasyangal marikadakkaan 'maala mahanadu' sthaapikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, sii. bii. enn. sarkkar, dalithukale vibhajikkaanulla avasaram manassilakki, ezz. sii kwattayude upavibhagavalkkaranam shupaarsha cheiyunna oru kammeeshan roopeekarichu. ithu maalakale prakopippikkukayum maalakaleyum madigakaleyum aniyanthrithamaayi vibhajikkukayum cheythu, angane oru ekeekritha dalith prasthaanam mumbathethinekkaal shakthiyillathathaayirikkum.
samskaaram.
aandhraapradeshile maalaye valathukai samoohamaayi kanakkaakkumbol eee mekhalayile madiga idathukai samudaayamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
vitharanam.
2001 leeii india gavanment sensus kanakkukal prakaram, annathe andhraapradesh samsthaanathe pattikajathi (ezz. sii) janasamkhyayude 41.6 sathamaanam (<aii. dii. 1>) maalakalaan, pinneedu athu thelankaana samsthaanathinte roopeekaranathiloode vibhajikkapettu.
karnaadakayil avare pattikajathi vibhaagathilum ulppeduthiyittundu.
maala kristhyaanikal.
maalayude oru pradhana vibhaagam, theeradesha aandhrayile mikkavarum ellaavarum kristhumathathilekku thirinjuvenkilum telung catholica sabhayile samanamaaya jaathi raashtreeyam sradhayilppetta sesham pakaram protestantisathilkil maari. andhra ivaanchalikkal lutheran palliyilum (eiii. iii. ell. sii) dakshinenthyayile palliyilum (sii. ezz. aii) avaa pradhaanamaayum pramukhamaanu.
avar kristheeya vidyaabhyaasa padhathikal nannayi upayogikkukayum avarude saamoohika sthaanam uyarthukayum ippol thaazhnna madhyavargathinte bhagamaavukayum cheythu. godawari krishna thadatthil ninnu vanna eee kristhyan maalakale saadhaaranayaayi "merugumala" aalukal ennu vilikkunnu. avar samsthaana thalatthil oru sathamaanam samvaranamulla "pinnakka vibhagangal-sii" vibhaagathilum deseeya thalatthil avar mattu pinnakka vibhaagangalilum pedunnu.
thangalkk dalita budhamathakkaarkkum dalita sikhukaarkkum thulyamaaya padavi nalkanamennum dalita kristhyaanikal enna nilayil mathaparamaya adisthaanathil vivechanam kaanikkaruthennum avar kendra sarkkarinodu aavashyappedunnu. avarude aavashyavumaayi bandhapetta cases 2005 muthal supreme kodathiyil theerppukalppikkappeduka.

