
rogaprathirodha koshangalude maranam

rogaprathirodha prathikaranam nalkunna eathutharam kosha maranavum rogaprathirodha koshangalude maranamaanu. aakasmikamaaya koshamaranavum niyantritha koshamaranavum rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthinu kaaranamakum. rogaprathirodha koshangalude maranam oru prathikaranavum purappeduvikkaathatho rogaprathirodha sahishnuthaykk madhyasthatha vahikkathatho aaya koshangalude maranatthinte (apoptosis, autofagi allengil mattullava) roopangalumaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu.
endoplasmic rettikulathinodulla sammarddathinu sesham rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthinu thudakkamidunna oru prathyeka tharam niyantritha kosha maranathinum 'immunogenic sell deth' enna peru upayogikkunnu.
rogaprathirodha koshangalude maranatthinte tharangal.
rogaprathirodha koshangalude marana tharangal marana sambhavathilekku nayikkunna, samayat, thudarnnulla tanmatra samvidaanangalkkanusarichu vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. oru prathyeka koshamaranatthinte rogaprathirodhasheshi nirnnayikkunnath eee prakriyayil purathuvarunna aantijanukalum anubandhavumaanu.
aakasmikamaaya kosha maranam.
oru koshathinu athinte attakuttappanikalude sheshi kaviyunna shaareerikamo raasaparamo yaanthrikamo aaya kedupaadukalude falamaanu aakasmikamaaya kosha maranam. ithu aniyanthrithamaaya oru prakriyayaan, ithu membran integrity nashtappedaan kaaranamaakunnu. rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthinu madhyasthatha vahikkunna intra sellular gadakangalude ozhukkaanu phalam.
rogaprathirodha koshangalude maranam allengil aii. sii. dii.
rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthinte niyantritha sajeevamaakkalin kaaranamakunna koshamaranatthinte oru roopamaanu icd allengil immunogenic apoptosis. eee koshamaranatthinte savisheshatha membran integrity nilanirthunna apoptotic morphology aanu. reactive ooksijan speesheesukalude (rooss) uyarnna ulppaadanathode endoplasmic rettikulam (iii. aarr) stress aii. sii. diyude oru kaarana ejantaayi pothuve amgeekarikkappedunnu. icd indermaarude rund grouppukal thiricharinjittundu. type I inductorukal pradhaanamaayum dna allengil kromaattin maintainance upakaranangal allengil membran gadakangale lakshyamit eedaayi kedupaadukal varuthunnathinaal maathrame erc sammarddam undaakkoo. type II inductorukal prathyekamaayi err lakshyamidunnu. anthrasaiklin, ooksaaliplaattin, bortisomib thudangiya chila cytostatic ejantukal allengil radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (pii. dii. tii) ennivayaanu aii. sii. dii. ykku kaaranamaakunnath. chila vairasukale aii. sii. diyude jaiva kaaranangalil ulppeduthaam. rogabadhitha koshangalude rogaprathirodha maranam pakarchavyaadhi ejantinodu rogaprathirodha prathikaranam prerippikkunathupole, cancer koshangalude rogaprathirodha maranam dendritik koshangal (dissy) sajeevamaakkunnathiloodeyum athinte falamaayi nirddishta tii sell prathikaranam sajeevamaakkunnathiloodeyum phalapradamaaya aantittoomar rogaprathirodha prathikaranam undaakkum. eee prabhavam aantittoomar therappiyil upayogikkunnu.
kedupadukalumaayi bandhapetta tanmatra paattenukalude (daambukal) sravamaan aii. sii. diyude savisheshatha.aii. sii. dii samayat koshatthinte uparithalathilekku thurannukaattappedunna moonnu pradhana daambukalundu. saadhaaranayaayi endoplasmic rettikulathinte lumenil ulla nananja thanmathrakalilonnaaya caleticulin (crt), rogaprathirodha maranam marikkunna koshatthinte uparithalathilekku ulppeduthiyathinu sesham maattunnu. avide ithu professional phaagosaittukalkulla "enne thinnuka" enna signalayi pravartthikkunnu. sammarddaavasthayil plasma membranilekku transclocate cheiyunna heett-shock proteinukalaanu (hsps) mattu pradhana uparithala daambukal, athaayath echsp 70, echsp 90 ennivayaanu. kosha uparithalathil avaykku oru rogaprathirodha uttejaka prabhavam undu, sidi91, sidi40 polulla aantijan-avatharana sell (apc) uparithala resepterukalude ennavumaayulla avayude edapedaline adisthaanamaakki, koodaathe emechsi klaas I thanmathrayil tumour cellukalil ninnu uruthirinja aantijanukalude cross prasanteshan sugamamakkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu sidi8 + tii sell prathikaranatthilekku nayikkunnu. sravikkunna echmgb1, atp ennivayaanu icdyude savisheshathakalaaya mattu pradhana daambukal. echmgb1 vaikia icdyude adayaalamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, koodaathe dendraitik koshangal aantijanukalude opttimal avatharanathinu extra sellular speysilekku athu release cheyyendathundennu thonnunnu. ithu eiii. pii. siyil prakadippikkunna toll-like resepterukal (tii. ell. aarr) 2,3,4 polulla niravadhi paatten recognission resepterukalumaayi (pii. aarr. aarr. ezz) bandhippikkunnu. rogaprathirodha koshangalude maranasamayathu purathuvarunna eiii. tii. pii. sravikkumbol phaagosaittukalkulla "fined-mii" signalayi pravartthikkukayum aii. sii. dii. yude sthalathekkulla avayude aakarshanathe prerippikkukayum cheiyunnu. koodaathe, taargett cellukalil purinergic resepterukalumaayi eiii. tii. pii bandhippikkunnath inflamesom aaktiveshan vazhi rogaprathirodha uttejaka prabhavam nalkunnu. aii. sii. dii samayat purathuvarunna dna, rna thanmathrakal marikkunna koshatthilum faagosaittukalilum tlr 3, sii. jii. eiii. ezz prathikaranangal sajeevamaakkunnu.
aanti tumour therappiyil icd upayogikkuka enna ashayam mukalil soochippicha chila induserukale thiricharinjathode roopam kollaan thudangi, avaykku aanti tumour prathirodha kuthivayppu thanthrangalaayi saadhyathayund. icd induserukalude upayogam maathram allengil mattu aanti cancer theraappikalumaayi (targettucheytha theraappikal, immunotheraappikal) samyojippichu kyaansarinte mouse modalukalil falapradamaanu, klinikkil ithu pareekshichuvarikayaanu.
necroptosis.
rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthe prerippikkunna mattoru tharam niyantritha koshamaranamanu necroptosis. necrotic morphology aanu necroptosisinte savisheshatha. itharathilulla koshangalude maranam sambhavikkunnath maranamo kedupaadukalo ulla resepterukal kandethunna extra sellular, intra sellular microtromakalaanu. udaaharanathinu, eph. eiii. ezz, tii. enn. eph. aarr. 1, paatten recognission resepterukal enniva necroptosisinu thudakkamidum. eee aaktiveshan inductorukal risapttar-interacting serin/thrionin-protein kinace 3 (ripke 3), seudocainess (emlkl) polulla mixed lejian kinace domaine ennivayil othucherunnu. eee proteinukalude thudarchayaaya sajeevamaakkal membran permiabilisationilekku nayikkunnu.
pyroptosis.
necrotic roopaghadanayum sellular ulladakkavum chornnolikkunna oru vyathyastha tharam niyantritha kosha maranamaanu pyroptosis. salmonella", "francisella" allengil "lejionella" thudangiya anubaadhakalulla sookshumajeevikalude anubaadhayodulla prathikaranatthilaanu itharathilulla koshangalude maranam saadhaaranayaayi undaakunnath."myocardial infarction samayat ulppaadippikkunna hoost gadakangalum pyroptosisine prerippichekkaam. rogakaarikalumaayi bandhapetta tanmatra paattenukal (paambukal) ennu vilikkappedunna baakteeriyal metabolittukaludeyo gadanakaludeyo cytosolic saannidhyam pyroptotic prathikaranatthinu thudakkamidunnu. melanoma 2 (lakshyam 2) allengil pairin ennivayil illaatha nooad-like risapttar kudumbatthile (enlrs) chila amgangal atharam pambukal kandethunnathu oru inflamesom gadanayude asambliyilekkum caspace 1 aaktiveshan cheiyunnathilekkum nayikkunnu.
ithuvare, veekkam undaakkunna cytosolic prrukal enlrp3, enlrp1, enlrc4, emitt2, pairin ennivayaanu. eee proteinukalil oligomerisation naachu domainukal, card domainukal enniva adangiyirikkunnu, chilathil samanamaaya pairin (pair) domainukalum adangiyirikkunnu. pyroptosisinte central aaktivettar proteesaaya caspace 1, card domainukaliloodeyo apoptosis-anubandha speck-like protein (eiii. ezz. sii) ennariyappedunna card/pair adangiya adapter protein vazhiyo veekkavumaayi bandhippikkunnu. caspace 1 (casp 1) sajeevamaakkunnath pyroptosisinu kendramaanu, sajeevamaakumbol mattu kaaspesukalude proteoletic sajeevamaakkunnathin madhyasthatha vahikkunnu. manushyaril, ulppettirikkunna mattu kaaspesukal casp 3, casp 4, casp 5, elikalil casp 3, casp 11 ennivayaanu. ail-1 bittayudeyum ail-18nteyum mungaamikal ettavum pradhanappetta casp 1 substrateukalil onnaanu, koodaathe kliveju uthppannangalude sravam pyroptosisinulla sakthamaaya rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthe prerippikkunnu. koshatthil eathenkilum roopaghadana mattangal sambhavikkunnathin munbu il-1β, il-18 ennivayude release sambhavikkunnu. kooduthal rogaprathirodha thanmaathrakalude vitharanathinu madhyasthatha vahichukondu koshatthinte ulladakkam chornnu koshangal marikkunnu. ivayil echmgb1, ezz100 proteinukal, ail-1eiii enniva pradhana daambukalaanu.
rogaprathirodhashaasthraparamaayi nishkriyamaaya koshamaranamaaya apoptosisumaayi saamyamulla chila swabhaavasavisheshathakal pyroptosisinundu. praadhamikamaayi, eee rund prakriyakalum kaaspesine aasrayichirikkunnu, ennirunnaalum oro prakriya prathyeka kaaspesukal upayogikkunnu. pyroptosis samayat kromaattin ghaneebhavanavum vighadanavum sambhavikkunnu, ennaal apoptosis samayat ullathil ninnu samvidaanangalum phalavum vyathyasthamaan. apoptosisumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, pyroptosisile membran integrity nilanirthunnilla, athesamayam mitocondrial membran integrity nilanirthukayum cytochrome sii chornnolikkathirikkum cheiyunnu.
pheroptosis.
koshangalude maranatthinte niyantritha roopam koodiyaanu pheroptosis. auxidative sammarddathinum lipid peroxidation marupadiyaayi eee prakriya aarambikkukayum irumbinte labhyathaye aasrayichirikkunnu. pheroptotic koshangalude savisheshathayaanu necrotic morphology. lipidukalude peroxidation pradhaanamaayum lipoxijanesukaliloodeyum cycloxyjanesukaliloom uthejippikkunnu. gloottathayon peroxidase 4 (gpx 4) vazhi koshatthile lipid peroxidation thadayaan kazhiyum, ithu eee ensaimukalude balance pheroptosisinte kendra regulatoraakkunnu. irumbinte cheleshan pheroptosisine thadayunnu, orupakshe lipoxygenesukalil ninnu irumbu kurayunnathiloode. koshangalude maranasamayathu cytoplasmic gadakangal ozhukunnathu eee prakriyayude rogaprathirodhasheshikk madhyasthatha vahikkunnu.
emm. pii. tii.-drive cheytha necrosis.
mitocondria permiability transition (emm. pii. tii)-nayikkunna kosha maranam niyantritha kosha maranatthinte oru roopamaanu, ithu oru necrotic roopaghadana prakadamaakkunnu. auxidative stress allengil caa2 + asanthulithaavasthayaanu emm. pii. tii. nayikkunna nekrosisinte pradhana kaaranagal. eee prakriyayile pradhana sambhavam aantharika mitocondrial membron (imm) abhedyatha nashtappedunnu. akathum puratthum mitocondrial membranukalkkidayil othucherunna paragamyatha-parivartthana sushira samuchayangalude roopeekaranathilekku nayikkunna krithyamaaya samvidaanangal ippozhum anjjaathamaanu. emm. pii. tii.-drivend necrosisinu aavashyamaaya eaka proteinaan peptidylprolyl isomerase eph (sii. aii. pii. dii). abhedyathayude nashtatthe thudarnnu membran pottensial decypation mitocondrial membranukalude vighadanavum sambhavikkunnu.
parthanattos.
necrotic morpholajiyodukoodiya koshangalude naashatthinte niyantritha roopam koodiyaanu parathanaattos. ithu vividha sammarda saahacharyangalil prachodippikkappedunnu, ennaal ettavum pradhanamaayi deerghakaala alkailetting dna kedupaadukal, auxidative stress, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, koshajwalana anthareeksham ennivayude falamaanu. dna kedupadukalkkulla prathikarana gadakangal, pradhaanamaayum poolii (edpi-ribos) polymerase 1 (parp 1) ennivayaanu eee koshangalude maranathinu thudakkam kurikkunnath. parp 1 hyper aaktiveshan atp depletion, redox, bio energetic thakarcha, poolii (adpribose) polymerukalum poolii (edpi-ribosil) attu proteinukalum adinjukoodunnathilekku nayikkunnu, ithu apoptosis inducing factor mitocondriyayumaayi bandhapetta 1 (aif) aayi bandhippikkunnu. membran pottensial decypation mitocondrial outtar membran permiabilisationumaanu phalam. kromaattin ghaneebhavanavum aif vazhi vighadippikkalum paarthanaattosinte savisheshathayaanu. ripke3 parp 1 pravartthanatthe uthejippikkunnathil necroptotic upakaranathile chila amgangalumaayi praathanottik prakriyayude parasparabandham nirddeshikkappettittund.
itharathilulla koshangalude maranam chila hridaya, vrukkasambandhamaaya vaikalyangal, prameham, cerebral ischemia, neuro degeneration thudangiya chila rogangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
lysosome-ashrita koshangalude maranam.
lysosomal membranukalude paaramyavalkkaranathe aashrayichirikkunna oru tharam niyantritha kosha maranamaanu lysosome ashrita kosha maranam. eee maranathaal marikkunna koshangalude roopaghadana vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, apoptotic, necrotic allengil intermediat roopaghadanakal nireekshikkappedunnu. ithu oru tharam intra sellular pathojan prathirodhamaan, pakshe tissue punarnirmmaanam allengil veekkam polulla niravadhi pathophysiological prakriyakalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. lysosome permiabilisation koshangalude marana prakriyaykku thudakkamidunnu, chilappol mitocondrial membran permiabilisationotoppam.
nettotik sell maranam.
neutrofillukalkku saadhaaranamaaya oru prathyeka tharam kosha maranamaanu nettotik sell deth, ennaal baasofilukalilum eosynophilukalilum ithu kaanapedunnu. neutrophil extra sellular kenikalilekku (valakal) bandhippichirikkunna kromaattin naarukal puranthallunnathaanu eee prakriyayude savisheshatha. sookshumajeevikalude anubaadhakalodulla prathikaranamaayaan saadhaaranayaayi nettu formation undaakunnath, ennaal chila koshajwalana rogangalude vandhyamaaya avasthakalilum ithu rogashaasthraparamaayi undaakunnu. koshatthinullile rooss elaastes (elaine), myeloperoxidase (emm. pii. oo) ennivayude release, nucleusilekkulla avayude translocation, cytoskelittan punarnirmmaanam enniva trigger cheiyunnu. necroptotic upakaranavumayulla (ripk, emlkl) chila edapedalukal nirddeshikkappettittund.

