
eejipthile muslim saahodaryathinte charithram (1939-1954)

eejipthile muslim saahodaryathinte charithram (1939-1954) randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathe pravartthanangal muthal eejipt sarkkar audyogikamaayi pirichuvidunnathu vare eejipthile musleem saahodaryathinte charithram charcha cheiyunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
1930kalude avasaanathil, vaakkukalekkaal pravarthanangalkku muslim saahodaryam nalkunna oonnalinu anusrithamaayi, chila amgangal britiish saamraajyathva bharanathinethire sayudha poraattam nadatthaan oru sainika vibhaagam roopeekarikkaan samghadanaye prerippichu, chilar ithinakam saahodaryathinte neethrthwathe anusarikkukayum poleesumaayi otappetta ettumuttalukalil pankedukkukayum cheythu. saahodaryathinte pothu vazhikattiyaaya hassan alle-bannah, samooham sainika pracharanangalil earppedaan thayyarallennum angane cheyyaan agrahikkunnavar "thettaaya vazhi sweekarikkukayum lakshyam nashtappedutthukayum cheythekkaamennum" karuthi. bataaliyan" ennu vilikkappedunna, karsanamaaya aathmeeyavum shaareerikavumaaya pariseelanam labhikkuna, prathyekamaayi samarppita amgangalude grouppukal roopeekarikkunnathinulla kooduthal jaagrathayodeyulla deerghakaala padhathi addeham vaadichu; avarude ennam mathiyayikkazhinjaal, battaaliyanukal yudhathil earppedaan thayyaaraakumenn bannaykk thonni. bannah poornnamaayum nirasicha theevravaadamo viplavakaramo aaya nadapadi ithil ulppedukayilla, marichu (ellah samadhaanaparamaaya thanthrangalum parajayappettaal maathram avasana maarggamaayi) saamraajyathva adhiniveshathinethire parasyamaayi yuddham prakhyaapichu. ennirunnaalum, bataaliyan samvidaanam bannah pratheekshicha reethiyil vikasippikkunnathil parajayappettu, briteeshukaarkkethiraaya sayudha poraattatthinu amgangalil ninnulla sammarddam vardhichukondirunnu. 1939-ll, eee aabhyanthara samgharsham oru valia prathisandhiyayi vikasichu, eee samayat ettavum sajeevamaaya chila pravartthakar samooham vittu muhammadinte yoothu enna ethiraaliyaaya oru samghadana roopeekarichu. 
adutha varsham, eee samgharshathinte falamaayi, saahodaryam "rahasya upakaranam" enna peril oru sainika vibhaagam srishtichu, ennirunnaalum yudhakaalangalil athu mikkavarum nishkriyamaayi thudarnnu. bhaaviyile eejipt president anwar sadath oru "swatantra udyogasthan" enna nilayil rahasya samghadanayile sajeeva amgamaayirunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathil eejipt pankedukkunnathil ninnu vittunilkkanam ennathaayirunnu samoohathinte audyogika nilapad. 1940-ll, sakhyakakshikalkk thudakkathil valare moshamaayi nadannathaayi thonniya yudhashramathinu eejipthinte pinthuna urappakkunnathinaayi, brittan eejipshyan sarkkaarine maattisthaapichu aarude sahakaranm urappaanenn urappakkaan kazhiyum. sainika niyamam earppeduthukayum 1941ll brittan attimari ennu karuthunna chila pothu vyakthikale arast cheyyukayum cheythu. hassan alle-bannah rund thavana jayililadaykkappettu (aazhchakalkkullil maathram puratthirangi), saahodaryathinte jenalukal adichamarthappettu, athinte yogangal nirodhichu, pathrangalil athinekkurichulla paramarsham nirodhichu.
samoohathe mothatthil adichamarthaan sarkkaarin oru ozhikazhivu nalkaan kazhiyunna ettumuttalukal ozhivakkaan saahodaryathinte neethrthwam utsukamaayirunnu. yudhasamayathu, svayam samrakshanathinte thaalpparyathil sensitiivu prasnangal ozhivaakkunnathinum syoos kanal kambaniyude deshasaalkkaranathinu ahvaanam cheiyunnathupolulla apakadakaramaaya rashtreeya nilapaadukal sweekarikkunnathinum idayil samooham marimari. kuranja profile nilanirtthiya kaalaghattatthil, eejipshyan nagarangalile axis bomb spodanathinte erakalkku maanushika sahayam ulppedunna angathwa adithara nilanirthunnathilum vipuleekarikkunnathilum saamoohika kshema paripaadikal vipuleekarikkunnathilum athu shradha kendreekarichu. 1943-ll, sosaitti athinte bataaliyan samvidaanathe "kudumbangal" enna peril oru aantharika samghadanayude roopamaakki maatti, anchu amgangal veethamulla adutha grouppukalude oru shreni; oru kudumbatthile amgangal pathivayi, saadhaaranayaayi avarude swantham veedukalil koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum parasparam kshematthinte utharavaaditham ettedukkukayum cheythu.
shaamavum bombakramanavum rashtreeya aswasthathaykku kaaranamaayi; 1942 februvariyil vidyaarthikalude bahujana prakadanatthinu sesham sarkkar raajivachu. britiish sainyam rajakottaaram valayukayum wafd party neethrthwathilulla oru sarkkaarine sweekarikkaan addehathe nirbandhikkukayum cheythu (angane eejipthukaarude drishtiyil vaafdinte vishwaasyathaye susthiramaayi nasippikkunnu). wafd briteeshukaarodu poornnamaayum vishwasthatha pulartthi
yudhathiludaneelam, 1945 februvariyil athine pinthudarnna zaa 'dist sarkkarum angane thanne cheythu.
1942ll britishukaar sthaapicha wafd gavanmentinte aadya niyamam paarlament pirichuvidukayum thiranjeduppinu ahvaanam cheyyukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu. bannah thante sthaanaarthithvam prakhyaapichappol, pradhaanamantri nahas paasha athu pinvalikkaan addehathinte mail sammarddam chelutthi. addeham sammathichu, ennaal pakaram saahodaryathinu athinte saadhaarana pravartthanangal punaraarambhikkaamennum veshyaavrithiyum madyapaana vilppana thadayaan sarkkar nadapadiyedukkumennum pradhaanamanthriyude vaagdaanam addeham nedi. taamasiyaathe, sarkkar veshyaavrithi niyamavirudhamaakkukayum madyavilppana niyanthrikkukayum cheythu, prathyekichu mathaparamaya avadhi divasangalil. saahodaryathe athinte chila pravartthanangal punaraarambhikkaan anuvadichu, ennaal adutha niravadhi varshangalil sarkkar samghadanayodulla adichamarthalinum souhrudathinum idayil marimari.
1940kalil saahodaryathinte amgathvam vardhichukondirunnu; 1948 aayappozhekkum randaayiram shaakhakal undaayirunnu, oru dashalakshathiladhikam amgangal undayirunnathaayi karuthappedunnu.
yudhaananthara deseeyatha.
1945leeii krithrimamaaya thiranjeduppil, avarude shakthikendramaaya ismaayiliyayil polum bannayudeyum mattu niravadhi sahodaranmaarudeyum sthaanaarthithvam parajayappettu. paarlamentari raashtreeyathil ninnu samoohathe ozhivaakkiyath samsthaanavumaayi kooduthal samoolamaaya ettumuttaline pinthunacha amgangalude nilapad shakthippeduthukayum ahimsaathmaka pravarthanatthinulla bannayude nirbandhathinu keezhadangan avare kooduthal vimukharaakkukayum cheythu.
sakhyasenakalude saannidhyam niravadhi thozhilavasarangal srishtikkukayum trade unionukal sthaapikkunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu; yudhathinushesham, aaa sainikaril bhooribhaagavum purathupoyathode niravadhi perkku thozhil nashtappettu. panapperuppam vardhichu, sambannarum daridrarum thammilulla antharam vardhichu, vethanam kuranju. yudhasamayathu, samgharshathinte ellah vashathuninnum eejipthilekk prachaaranangal ozhukiyethi janadhipathyathekkurichum naasikalil ninnum soviyatt aakramanathil ninnum deseeya swaathanthryathekkurim britiish, american prachaaranangal, paashchaathya saamraajyathvathil ninnu eejipt, arab vimochanathekkurichulla jarmman prachaaranangal, soviyatt saambathika sakthiyekkurichum saamoohika neethiyekkurichum soviyatt prachaaranangal. eejipthile brittante adhinivesavum palasteen samgharshavum pariharikkappedaathe thudarnnu. rashtreeya, saambathika kramangalodulla nirasha praadeshikamaayirunnu, communist ashayangal vyaapakamaayirunnu, aaktivist grouppukalkku pothuve puthiya amgangale aakarshikkunnath eluppamaayirunnu.
1945 septambaril sosaitti oru puthiya bharanaghadana sweekarichu, athu 1938 leeii punasamghadanaykkide sthaapicha gadanakale aupachaarikamaayi amgeekarichu. niyamaprakaaram aavasyamulla saamoohikakaarya manthraalayathinu athu rekhakal samarppikkukayum "rashtreeya, saamoohika, matha sthaapanam" ennu tharamthirikkukayum cheythu; ithinartham jeevakaarunya pravarthanangalkku nalkunna sarkkar sahayam athinte chila pravarthanangalkku maathrame labhyamaakoo ennaanu. rashtreeya edapedalukalil ninnu avare mikacha reethiyil samrakshikkunnathinaayi samghadanayude saamoohika kshema pravartthanangal swantham director shreniyum ulla oru prathyeka vibhaagamaayi vibhajichu.
yudhaananthara varshangalil saahodaryam athivegam valarnnu. aashupathrikal, klinikkukal, faarmasikal enniva sthaapikkuka, aankuttikalkkum penkuttikalkkum muthirnnavarkkum saankethikavum akkaadamikavumaaya kozhsukal vaagdaanam cheiyunna schoolukal, yudhaananthara thozhilillaayma pariharikkan sahayikkunna cheria faaktarikal enniva sthaapikkuka, saamoohika kshema pravartthanangal vipuleekarikkunnath thudarnnu.
eejipthile bharanavarggakkaar kammyoonisathe shakthamayi ethirthu, ithil saahodaryam avarumaayi poornnahrudayathode yojichu; athinaal communist athiraalikalkkethire saahodaryathe oru upakaranamaayi upayogikkaan sarkkar shramichu. ennirunnaalum, varenyavargakkaarum saahodaryavum thammilulla samgharsham anivaryamaayirunnu, kaaranam communistukaareppole, sahodaranmaarum nilavilulla saamoohika kramatthil vyapakamaaya asamthripthi prakadippikkukayum eejipt samoohathinte aneethikal pariharikkunnathin aazhathilulla mattangal konduvaraan aagrahikkukayum cheytha pravartthakaraayirunnu.
saahodaryathinte prasidheekaranangal sarkkarinodum athinte nayangalodum nirantharamaaya sathrutha prakadippikkukayum sahodaranmaar samarangalilum deseeyavaada prakadanangalilum oru pradhana shakthiyaayirunnu. 1945 octoberil keyroyilum mattu ezhu nagarangalilum deseeya vimochanathekkurichu sosaitti oru "peeples kongras" samghadippichu. saahodaryavum wafdy ippol rund pradhana prathipaksha paarttikalayirunnu; ippol wafed adhikaarathilillaathinaal, desheeyavaadathe pinthunaykkaan athu aakaamkshayode pravartthikkukayum eee vishayathil kammyoonistukaar pinthunaykkukayum cheythu. athinaal sahodaranmaar deseeya prasthaanatthinte neethrthwathinaayi wafdyumaayi nerittu malsarichu. aazhathilulla paraspara avishwaasam undaayirunnittum, rund grouppukalum idaykkide ore bahujana prakadanangalil pankuchernnu. ennirunnaalum, kammyoonistukaarumaayi sahakarikkaan saahodaryam visammathichath oru aikyamunnaniyude thakarchayilekkum sahodaranmaar sarkkaarinteyum bharanavargathinteyum upakaranangalaanenna aaropanathilekkum nayichu. samooham eee aaropanangale shakthamayi nishedhikkukayum theerchayaayum svanthamaayi samarangal samghadippikkukayum cheythu; ithu sarkkarumaayulla avarude mosham bandhatheyum saahodaryatheyum aazhathil vashalakki.
police peedanatthinteyum arasttukaludeyum lakshyamaayi maari. 1946ll rund grouppukalileyum yuvakkal aavarthichu ettumuttukayum bannah oru bomb aakramanathil kollappedukayum cheythu. eee ettumuttalukalkku sesham, saahodaryathinteyum wafdinteyum prathinidhikal oru dhaaranayilethunnathinaayi rahasya yogangal nadatthi; ithu rund grouppukalum thammilulla pirimurukkam ganyamaayi kurachu.
athe varsham thanne pradhaanamantri sidkhi paasha landanile charchakalkku sesham deseeyavaada grouppukalkku theerthum asweekaaryamennu thonniya oru karadu udambadiyode madangi. vidyaarthikalude akramasakthamaaya kalapam pottipurappettu. saahodaryathinte rahasya upakaranathile amgangal britishukaarkkum eejipt police steshanukalkkum nere akramanam nadatthaan thudangi, adutha kurachu varshangalil athu thudarnnu. sahodaranmaarkkum mattu deseeyavaada grouppukalkkum idayil arasttukalude oru tharamgam ulppede kadinamaaya adichamarthal nadapadikalode sarkkar eee vardhichuvarunna akramathodu prathikarichu. 1946ll kalapam thudarukayum desemberil sarkkar raajivaykkukayum cheythu.
1947 joolaiyil, puthiya pradhaanamanthriyaaya mahmoud fahmi alle-nukhrashi pashaye ikyaraashtrasabhayilekku anugamicha sesham, sahodaranmaarude prathinidhiyaya mustafa mumin, egypthinekkurichulla yuu. enn suraksha kaunsil charchakal thadassappeduthi, kaazhchakkaarante galleryil ninnu oru prasangam nadatthi, brittanumaayulla ellah charchakalum nirasikkukayum eejiptil ninnu poornnamaayum udanadi britiish pinmaaranamenn aavasyappedukayum cheythu. ennaal suraksha kaunsil oru nadapadiyum sweekarichilla.
eejiptilum arabikalilum musleengalilum pothuve, palasteente kaaranam sakthamaaya anubhaavathinu prachodanamaayi thudarnnu; 1947 leeii palasteen vibhajanathekkurichulla yuu. enn prameyam eee prashnathinu kooduthal adiyanthiratha nalki. 1948leeii arab-israel yudhathil poraadaan saahodaryam sannadhapravarthakare ayachu. yudhasamayathu, keyroyil juthanmaarkku nere niravadhi bomb akramanangal nadannu; thaazhe charcha cheytha "jeep kesil", ivayil chilathinu utharavaadikal samoohathinte rahasya upakaranathile amgangalaanennu uyarnnuvannu.
1948 maarchil, britiish sainikare aakramichathinu oru musleem sahodaran jayil shiksha vidhicha appeel kodathi president ahamed ell-khaasindar beye rahasya upakaranathile amgangal vadhichu. kolapaathakatthil bannah thante veruppu prakadippichu.
1948 desemberil eejipt sarkkar sosaitti pirichuvidaan utharavittukondu oru utharavu purappeduvichu. rahasya upakaranangal shekharicha bombukalum mattu aayudangalum police kandethiyirunnu, iva arab-israel yudhathil upayogikkunnathinullathaane sahodaranmaar urappichuparanjenkilum, sahodaranmaar viplavam aasoothranam cheiyukayaanennu sarkkar samshayichu; randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinusesham kooduthal akramasakthamaakukayum athinte adhikaarathinu kooduthal bheeshani uyarthukayum cheytha pothu rashtreeya aswasthathayude pradhana kaaranangalilonnayi avar kanda karyangal neekkam cheyyaanum avar utsukaraayirunnu. koodaathe, saahodaryathinu svanthamaayi aashupathrikalum faaktarikalum schoolukalum rahasya upakaranangalude roopathil oru sainyavum undayirunnathinaal, eejipthukar audyogikathekkaal niyamaanusrithamaayi kaananidayulla oru samanthara rajyamaayi sarkkar ithine kandu.
poleesinum videsikalkkumethiraaya akramasakthamaaya akramanangalil earppettuvenna kuttatthinu purame, uyarnna vethanavum krishisthalathinte udamasthaavakaashavum aavasyappettu samarathinu pookaan thozhilaallikaleyum karshakareyum samooham prothsaahippikkunnave sarkkar aaropichu. saahodaryathile niravadhi amgangale arast cheyyukayum bannah police sookshumamaaya nireekshanatthil vaykkukayum cheythu. aazhchakalkk sesham, samghadanayude shreniyum ashayavinimayavum poornnamaayum thadassappettathode, oru musleem sahodaran pradhaanamantri nukhrashiye vadhichu.
bannah eee kolapaathakatthe apalapikkukayum puthiya sarkkaarumaayi charcha nadatthaan sramikkukayum cheythu. 1949 januvariyil oru kodathimuri bombitan rahasya upakaranathile oru amgam nadatthiya sramam police paraajayappeduthi. eee pravrithi nirasichukondu bannah oru thuranna kathu ezhuthukayum kuttavaalikal "sahodarangalo musleengalo allah" ennu prasthavikkukayum akramatthil ninnum bheeshanippeduthalil ninnum vittunilkkan saahodaryathile amgangalodu aavasyappedukayum cheythu. puthiya pradhaanamantri, 'abd
jayilukalil chittayaya peedanangal ulppedeyulla krooramaaya adichamarthal nadapadikal upayogichu janangale bhayappedutthi ellah viyojippukalum adichamarthaan alle-haadi shramichu.
sahodarathvathinethiraaya ellah aaropanangalum nirasikkukayum joothanmaarkkethiraaya akramanangal ulppede athile amgangal nadatthiya akrama pravartthanangale orikkalkkoodi apalapikkukayum cheytha oru laghulekha bannah ezhuthi; samoohathile nethaakkal orikkalum eee akramathe amgeekarikkillennum arasttukalum nireekshanavum avarude adikaaram prayogikkunnathu asaadhyamaakkiyathinaal athu thadayaan kazhinjillennum addeham paranju. ennirunnaalum, eee sambhavangal bhaagikamaayi sarkkaarinte perumaattatthinteyum palasteen yudhathinteyum falamaanennu addeham vaadichu. samooham viplavam aasoothranam cheiyukayaanennu addeham nishedhichu, arab leegumaayulla niyamaanusritha pankaalitthatthil athinte aayudangal palastheenil maathram upayogikkaan uddeshichullathaanennu addeham paranju. 1949 februvariyil orupakshe pradhaanamanthriyudeyum kottaarathinteyum nirddeshaprakaaram bannah rashtreeya police vadhichu.
1949 meyy maasathil, arasttukalude oru tharamgathinu sesham, oru koottam sahodaranmaar pradhaanamantri abd alle-haadiye vadhikkan shramichenkilum parajayappettu, ithu kooduthal arasttukalilekku nayichu. joolaiyode ekadesham 4,000 sahodaranmaar jaililaayi, avide avar avarude samghadana nilanirtthi (michel 1969,80). niravadhi vichaaranayukal thudarnnu; evayilonnil, nukhrashiyude kolayali shikshikkappedukayum vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. kolapaathakathinu bannah utharavaadiyaanennu kaanikkan prosecution shramichu, athesamayam rahasya samvidaanathil "theevravaadikalude" mail niyanthranam nilanirthaan thanikk kazhinjillennu prathibhagam vaadichu; randaamathethu kooduthal vishwasaneeyamaanennu kodathi kanakkakkiyathaayi thonnunnu.
oru nigamanatthiletthiya mattoru vichaaranayile ("jeep cases") muppathirandu sahodaranmaar theevravaadatthiloode sarkkaarine attimarikkaan goodaalochana nadathiyennum anadhikritha aayudhashekharangal upayogichuvennum jadji khaseendarinteyum pradhaanamanthriyudeyum kolapathakangal samghadippichuvennum aaropikkapettu.
nukhrashi. viplavamaan samoohathinte yadhaartha lakshyamennum athinte mattu pravartthanangalude munvashathaal marachuvekkappettathaane kaanikkan prosecution shramichu.
rahasya samvidaanathile amgangal oru theevravaada samghadana roopeekarichathaayi prathirodham sammathichuvenkilum angane cheiyunnathil avar saahodarya nethaakkale anusarikkillennum athinte thathwangal lamghichuvennum vaadichu. samoohathinte pravartthanangalum lakshyangalum pradhaanamaayum samaadhaanaparamaanennum athinte aayudangalum sainika pariseelanavum eejipthile britiish adhiniveshathinum palastheenil seonisathinum ethire arabikaludeyum musleengaludeyum niyamaanusrithamaaya prathirodhatthinu maathramullathaanennum athu vaadichu. kodathi prathibhagam vaadathinu anukoolamaayi vidhichu. prathikalil bhooribhaagatheyum veruthe vidukayum mattullavarkk soumyamaaya shiksha nalkukayum cheythu.
1950ll wafd adhikaarathil thirichethiya sesham, samooham veendum niyamavidheyamaakkaan puthiya sarkkaarumaayi charcha nadatthaan sahodaranmaar shramichuvenkilum oru dhaaranayilethaan kazhinjilla. sainika niyamam avasanippikkukayum sahodaranmaarkku baadhakamaayava ozhikeyulla ellah vyavasthakalum raddaakkukayum cheythu. paarlament oru "sosaitti niyamam" pasaki, athu peru paraamarshikkaathe saahodaryathe prathyekamaayi lakshyamidukayum oro amgathinteyum vivaranavum foto adhikaarikalkk nalkendathumaanu. sosaittiyude aasthaanam vaangaanum kettidatthe oru police steshanaayi upayogikkaanum uddeshikkunnathaayi aabhyanthara mantraalayam prakhyaapichu. niyamaparamaayi pravarthikkaanulla avakasham nedukayum pidicheduttha swath thirike nalkukayum cheythukondu saahodaryam eee prasnangalellaam oru vijayakaramaya kodathi kesiloode pariharichu.
viplavavum athinte prathyaaghaathangalum.
saahodaryam niyamavirudhamaayappol, hassan alle-bannah maattisthaapikkunnathinu malsaram theevramaayi. oduvil, 1951-ll, samoohathinte bharanaghadanaye lamghikkunna oru neekkathil, oru purathuninnullayaale bannayude pingamiyaayi thiranjedutthu akramathodulla sakthamaaya veruppinu peruketta parichayasambannanaaya jadji hassen ismaayil alle-hudaibi, samoohathinu kooduthal bahumanam nalkumennu thonni. amgamallengilum hudaibi valarekkaalamaayi bannayude aaraadhakanaayirunnu. samoohathinte pothu vazhikaattiyaakunnathinaayi addeham benchil ninnu raajivachu, pakshe taamasiyaathe thaan oru vyakthiyaanennu manassilakki, deerghakaala amgangal adikaaram prayogikkaanulla addehathinte shramangale ethirthu. rahasya samvidaanathinethire addeham samsaarikkukayum athu pirichuvidaan sramikkukayum cheythuvenkilum oru mahathaaya kaaryatthil poraalikalaayi svayam kanakkakkiya athinte amgangale anyavalkkarikkunnathil maathramaan addeham vijayichathu.
1951 october 8 nuu eejipshyan pradhaanamantri nahas paasha 1936 leeii anglo-eejipshyan udambadi ekapaksheeyamaayi raddaki. ithu eejipshyan swaathanthryathe pinthunachu bahujana prakadanangalkku kaaranamaayi; sainyathinte sahaayathode, saahodaryathile niravadhi amgangal ulppede dhaaraalam deseeyavaada pravartthakar kanal mekhalayil britteeshukaarumaayi sayudha samghattanathinu thayyaredukkaan thudangi. akramasakthamaaya pravarthanangalodulla ethirppu nilanirtthiya hudaibi eee thayyaareduppukale parasyamaayi nirasikkukayum deseeya prasthaanatthe adichamarthaanulla kottaaratthinte uddeshyangale pinthunaykkunnathaayi kaanappedukayum cheythu. ithu hudaibiyum samghadanayile addehathinte athiraalikalum, prathyekichu rahasya samvidaanathinullilevar thammilulla samgharsham kooduthal aazhathilakki.
adutha kurachu maasangalil, karar raddaakkiyathine thudarnnu nirnnayaka nadapadiyedukkunnathil sarkkar parajayappettathil deseeya prasthaanatthinte nirasha prakadippichukondu sarkkar virudha kalapangal pottipurappettu. 1952 januvari 25nuu britiish sainyam kanal mekhalayile eejipshyan police steshan akramikkukayum oru sakthamaaya yuddham nadakkukayum cheythu. pittennu, keyroyil, vidyaarthikalum police udyogastharum brittanumaayi yuddham prakhyaapikkanamenn aavasyappettu paarlamentilekku orumichu march cheythu; athesamayam aayirakkanakkin kalaapakaarikal nagarathinu theeyittu, central keyroyude bhooribhaagavum nashichu. saahodaryam oru samghadanayaayi pankedutthilla, kalaapathe nirasichu hudaibi oru prasthavana purappeduvichu, pakshe vyakthigatha amgangal ithil ulppettirunnu. niravadhi puthiya sarkkarukal athivegam thudarnnu. juulai 23nuu mohammed nagubinte neethrthwathilulla swatantra udyogasthar raajavaazhchaye attimarichu adikaaram pidichedutthu; eejipthiludaneelam attimari aaveshathode swaagatham cheythu.
saahodaryam viplavathil oru pinthuna nalkiyengilum nirnaayaka punk vahichilla. puthiya bharanakoodatthinte netaavaakaan pookunna gamal abdul nasser, anwar alle-sadath ennivarulppedeyulla swatantra udyogastharude amgangalkku 1940 muthal musleem saahodaryavumaayi adutha bandhamundaayirunnu, chilar samoohathile amgangalaayirunnu (nasser thanne avaril oraalaayirunnirikkaam). saahodaryathile amgangal palastheenil udyogastharkkoppam pooraadukayum viplavathinu munbulla varshathil kanal mekhalayil vinyasikkunnathinayi avar aayudangal upayogikkukayum pariseelippikkukayum cheythirunnu. hudaibiyude avyakthatha undaayirunnittum, viplavathe sahayikkaan saahodaryam sammathichirunnu, kooduthalum
kramasamadhanam nilanirthuka, videshikaleyum nyoonapakshangaleyum samrakshikkuka, sainika attimarikk janakeeya pinthuna prolsaahippikkuka.
viplavathinushesham, saahodaryavum bharanakoodavum thammilulla bandham thudakkathil souhaarddaparamaayirunnuve pettennu vashalayi. rashtreeya adikaaram pankidaan sainyathinte vimukhatha, islaamika bharanaghadana prakhyaapikkunnathinulla saahodaryathinte nirbandham, naasarinodulla hudaibiyude agadhamaaya avishwaasam ennivayaayirunnu ithinu kaaranangalil onnu. 1953ll sarkkar
muslim saahodaryam ozhikeyulla ellah rashtreeya paarttikalum samghadanakalum nirthalaakki. viplavathekkurichu samshayalukkalaaya eejipthukaare keezhadakkaan uddeshichulla oru puthiya party, liberation raali, athu srishtichu, saahodaryam liberation raaliyil layikkanamenn nirddeshichu. matellaa rashtreeya grouppukaleyum anyavalkkarichathinaal, saahodaryathinte pinthuna upekshikkaan bharanakoodathinu ithuvare kazhinjilla, pakshe sarkkaaril valia punk nalkaan thayyarayilla.
addehathe apakeerthippeduthaanulla sarkkaarinte sramangal kaaranam, samghadanaykkullil ninnu kadutha vimarsanathinu vidheyanaaya hudaibi, samoohathe "prabhukkanmaarude oru party" yaayum "pravrithiyalla, vaakkukalude prasthaanam" yaayum parivartthanam cheythathayi addehathinte vimarshakar karuthi. ithu samoohathinte sthaapanangalude svechaadhipathya swabhaavathekkurichulla charchaykku kaaranamaayi. nethaavinte anusaranatheyum vishwasthathayeyum adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru samvidaanam bannayude keezhil sveekaaryamaanennu chilarkk thonni, kaaranam addeham amgangalude vishwaasam nediyirunnu; hudaibik angane cheyyaan kazhiyaathathinal, avar kooduthal janaadhipathya gadanakalkkaayi sammarddam chelutthitthudangi. eee vimarshanangalkkidayilum, sahodarathvathinte nethaakkalil ninnum raankukalil ninnum fayalil ninnum hudaibi sakthamaaya pinthuna samaaharichu. rahasya samvidaanam audyogikamaayi pirichuvidukayum athinte nethaakkale puratthaakkukayum cheythu.
1954 januvariyil, uchabhaashakal upayogichu oru musleem sahodara vidyaarthi sammelanathe thadassappeduthaan bharanakoodam vimochana raliyile amgangale ayachu; ettumuttal oru yudhamaayi maari. hudaibiyum anuyaayikalum sarkkaarine attimarikkaan padhathiyidunnuvennathil musleem saahodaryam pirichuvidanamennu sarkkar pinneedu vidhichu; addehathodoppam noorukanakkinu mattu aalukalum arasttilaayi. prathyekichum naasarinte nayamaayi kaanapettirunna bharanakoodatthinte adikaaram samrakshikkaan adichamarthal nadapadikal upayogichathode athinte janapreeti kuranju; ithu nasser virudha prakadanangalilekkum adhehavum general nagib thammilulla adhikara poraattatthilekkum nayichu, ithu viplavam avasaanippikkaanum pazhaya rashtreeya kramam punasthaapikkaanum bheeshaniyaayi. hudayibi naasarinum viplavathinum oppam nilkkukayum thadavilaayirunna mikka sahodaranmaareyum mochippikkukayum niyamaparamaayi pravarthikkaanulla samoohathinte adikaaram punasthaapikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, januvariyile sambhavangal niravadhi amgangale prakopippichu, rahasya samvidaanam nirthalaakkaan paadillennu avarkk thonni; athinaal athu hudaibiyude arivillaathe oru puthiya neethrthwathinu keezhil punarnirmikkappettu.
samoohathinu nalkia chila vaagdaanangal paalikkunnathil bharanakoodatthinte parajayam (udha.jii. thadavukaarude mochanathekkurichu) taamasiyaathe avarude bandham veendum vashalakaan kaaranamaayi. sainika niyamam pinvalikkanamennum paarlamentari janaadhipathyathilekkula thirichuvaravu, pathra sensorship avasaanippikkanamennum hudaibi sarkkaarin chornna kathil aavasyappettu. athesamayam, brittan eejipt syoos kanalumaayi bandhapetta charchakal punaraarambhichu. oru puthiya udambadiyude nibandhanakalekkurichulla oru karar prakhyaapichu; briteeshukaarodu valare udaaravum eejipshyan paramaadhikaarathinu bheeshaniyumaanennu hudaibi udan thanne vimarshichu. pallikalilum mattu sthalangalilum samadhaanaparamaaya othucheralukalil saahodaryavumaayi akramasakthamaaya ettumuttalukalkku prerippikkaan sarkkar poleesine upayogikkaan thudangi; oru saahodarya clinic raid cheyyukayum nasippikkukayum cheythu. oro kesilum samgharshangalkku prerippichathu sahodaranmaaraanennu sarkkar kuttappedutthi. hudaibi olivilavukayum audyogika maadyamangal addehathe apakeerthippeduthunnathu oru prakopanaparamaaya pracharanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. videshayaathra nadatthiya niravadhi sahodaranmaar raajyadrohakkuttam chumathappettathaayi sarkkar prakhyapikkukayum avarude eejipshyan pourathvam eduthukalayukayum cheythu.
sarkkaarinethiraaya hudaibiyude vimarsanangalecholli samoohathinullile abhiprayavyathyaasangal pinneedu uyarnnuvarikayum hudaibi thante sthaanathu ninnu neekkam cheyyaan saahodarya nethaakkale prerippikkaan nasser vyakthiparamayi kadinamaaya sramangal nadathukayum cheythu. eee samgharsham hudaibi mathramalla, bakkiyulla neethrthwatheyum apakeerthippeduthi. 1954 october 19naanu brittanumaayulla udambadi oppuvachathu.
munbu prakhyaapicha nibandhanakalekkaal valare mikachathaanennu mattu saahodarya nethaakkalkku thonni, ennaal sambhavangalude oru pathipp anusarichu, ippol adrishyavum athil ulppedaathavarkku utharavaadithamillaathu rahasya upakaranam udambadiye eejipthinodulla vanchanayayi kaanukayum svanthamaayi pravartthikkaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu.
october 26nuu, rahasya upakaranathile oru amgam naasarin nere vediyuthirthu; nasser oru prasangam nadathumbol, parikkelkkaathe, nisar urachuninnu thante prasangam avasaanippichu, thante rajyathinaayi marikkaan thayyaaraanenn prakhyaapichu. ennirunnaalum, nazar addehathinte adutha koottaalikalum kolapathakashramam nadathiyirikkaamennathin chila soochanakalundu; avar angane cheyyaan aalochikkukayaayirunnu ennathaanu urappaya kaaryam.
naasarinte jeevanu nereyulla sramam addehathinte janapreethikk valare aavashyamaaya oru uthejanam nalkukayum nagibumayullah adhikaarasamarathil vijayikkaan addehathe praaptharaakkukayum saahodaryathe illaathaakkaanulla mikacha avasaram nalkukayum cheythu. samghadana audyogikamaayi pirichuvidukayum athinte aasthaanam kathikkukayum aayirakkanakkin amgangale arast cheyyukayum cheythu. niyamaparamaaya nadapadikramangalekkurichu kaaryamaaya pariganana nalkaathe sarkkar athisayakaramaaya vichaaranakal samghadippichu, athesamayam audyogika maadyamangal hudaibiye addehathinte samghadanayeyum sangalppikkaavunna ellah tharatthilulla goodaalochanaykkum kuttappedutthi. aarr sahodaranmaare thookkilettukayum hudaibi ulppede ezhu perkku kadinaprayathnathodoppam jeevaparyantham thadavum vidhichu.