
wilgefortis

14-aamm noottaandil ithihaasam uyarnnuvanna oru vanita naadodi vishudhayaanu wilgefortis (), avarude savisheshatha valia thaadiyaanu. porchugalilum galishyayilum nadanna avalude jeevithakatha anusarichu, avalude pithaav oru moorish raajaavine vivaham kazhikkumennu vaagdaanam cheytha oru kaumaara kuleena vanithayaayirunnu avar. anaavasyamaaya vivaham paraajayappeduthunnathinaayi, aval kanyakaathvam prathijnjayedukkukayum avale verukkanamennu praarthikkukayum cheythu. avalude praarthanakalkku marupadiyaayi aval oru thaadi mulappichu, athu vivaahanischayam avasaanippichu. deshyathil wiljfortisinte pithaav avale krooshichu.
laattin "virgo fortis" ("dheerayaaya kanyaka") enna vakkil ninnaan avalude peru uruthirinjathennu karuthappedunnu. englandil avalude peru ankambar ennum dutch bhashayil oondkoomar ennum (ivide prathyekichu mattu aalukal kashtappedunnathil ninnu enthengilum ozhivaakkunna oraal). 
jarmman rajyangalil avar kumernis ("dukkham" allengil "uthkanda") ennaanu ariyappettirunnath. polandil avale frasobliva ("dukkhitha") ennu vilichirunnu. italiyile libaratta ennum speyinile librada ennum ariyappedunna oru rakthasakshiyaaya vishudhayaya sthreeyumaayi avar chilappol aashayakkuzhappathilayi, avarude virunnu divasam juulai 10 aanu; vishudha libaratta krooshikkappetta, thaadiyillaatha sthreeyaan, saadhaaranayaayi kireedamulla, wiltejfortis ellaayppozhum thaadiyum pothuve kireedavumillaathathumaayil. fraansil wiljfortis debaras (redense) ennaanu ariyappedunnathu. rakthasakshikalaaya vishudha liberattayum wilgefortis thammilulla ashayakkuzhappam libarattaye vyaapakamaayi aaradhikkunna speyinile sigyunsa polulla sthalangalilekku vyaapichu. 
chila catholicar aaraadhikkumbol, wiltejfortis orikkalum sabha audyogikamaayi vishudhanaakkiyittil, pakaram kashtappaadukalil ninnu aashvaasam thedunna aalukalkk, prathyekichu adhikshepakaramaaya bharthaakkanmaaril ninnu mochanam nedaan aagrahikkunna sthreekalkku ("nirupadhikam") oru janapriya madhyasthanaayirunnu.
charithram.
kurishil arukkapetta kristhuvinte kizhakkan shailiyilulla praathinidyangalil ninnu kalayude uthbhavam kandethaanaakumenn kalacharithrakaaranmaar vaadichittundu, prathyekichu "lukkayude vishudha mukham", kurishile kristhuvinte 11-aamm noottaandile oru valia kothiyeduttha thadi roopamaaya (ippol 13-aamm noottaandile oru pakarpp upayogichu maattisthaapichu), oru purushaneppole thaadi, ennaal oru poornna neelamulla loonny dharichirunnathu arakkett thunikkupakaram oru sthreeyude pole thonniyekkaam, padinjaaran chithreekaranangalil madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathode saadhaaranamaayirunnu.
vishudhamukhathe chilappol aadyakaala baisaantain vasthrangalulla crusificationukalude savisheshathayaayi visheshippikkaarundu. ennaal thaarathamyappeduthaavunna valia kothiyeduttha roopangalonnum baisaantain kalayude bhagamaayirunnilla, athesamayam germmaniyil ninnu niravadhi avashishtangal nilanilkkunnu. mukhavum mudiyum jarmman crusificationukalude savisheshamaayathinaal eathoru baisantain swaadheenavum valare vidooramaanu, koodaathe pala autooniyan kayyezhuthuprathikalum crusificationukalil vasthrangal kaanikkunnu. baisaantain udaaharanagal aikkanukal, prakashangal allengil cheria kothupanikal ennivayil ninnullathaanu.
adutha 150 varshathinullil eee rachana alpsinu vadakku bhaagathekku theerthaadakarum kachavadakkaarum cheria koppikalaayi pakartthukayum konduvarikayum cheythappol, eee aparichithamaaya chithram androgenous aikkan vishadeekarikkunnathinu oru vivaranam srishtikkaan vadakkan janataye nayichu ennathaanu sidhaantham. krooshikkappetta kristhuvinte chila pazhaya chithrangal wiljfortis aayi punarnirmmikkukayum puthiya chithrangal vyakthamaayi srishticha vishudhane prathinideekarikkaan uddeshichullavayaayirunnu, avayil palathum sthree vasthrangalum sthanangalumaayirunnu. kurishil kristhuvinte chila pazhaya chithrangal daivashaasthraparamaaya kaaranangalal oru androgenous roopathekkurichulla soochanakal ithinakam manahpoorvvam ulppeduthiyittunde vaadikkappedunnu. otta chithrangal saadhaaranayaayi avalude kurishile wilgefortis kaanikkunnu, ennaal oru koottam vishudharude bhaagamaayi oru cheria kurisumaayi aval nilkkunna rund pramukha chithrangal chuvade paraamarsikkunnu. muzhuvan ithihaasavum ulkkollunna oru koottam ramgangal kaanikkunna chithrangal asaadhaaranamaanu, ennaal 1513 leeii oru jarmman chithram ivide chithreekarichirikkunnu.
aaradhana.
madhyakaalakhattatthile praarthanayude janapreeti "bhakti aadhunika" thumaayum anubandha bhakthiyumaayum bandhappettirikkunnu, avide kristhuvinte kashtappaadukalekkurichu dhyanavum thirichariyalum thomas eiii kempis polulla ezhuthukaar prothsaahippichu "kristhuvinte anukaranam" enna rachayithaav allengil laalithyathinteyum anusaranathinteyum vyakthiparamaaya ghadanayil shradha kendreekarikkaan groot kooduthalum prolsaahippikkukayum 1420-kalil pracharicha kristhuvinte anukaranam enna pusthakam pinthudarukayum cheythu.
gothik kaalaghattatthinte avasaanam vare englandinte vadakku bhaagath sent wiljfortis janapriyamaayi thudarnnu; wiljfortisile westminstar aabeyile henry VII chappalil valare neelamulla thaadiyumaayi oru kurish pidichu nilkkunna oru kothupaniyundu. hans melling oru trippich vaathilinte purathu valare neriya thaadiyulla samanamaaya bhaavathil aval prathyakshappedunnu. 
pathinaram noottaandinte avasaanathil (avar janapriyamaayirunna pathinanjaam noottaandileyum pathinaram noottaandileyum oru kaalaghattatthinu sesham) avarude aaradhana nirnnaayakamaayi adichamarthappettu, athinusesham uyarnna kalayil ninnu aprathyakshamaakunnu, ennirunnaalum 20-aamm noottaandil kooduthal janapriyamaaya roopangalil, prathyekichu bavariayilum austriyayilum, vadakkan fraansilum beljiyathilum. beauveysile panthrandaam noottaandile sent-ettiyen palliyil, kurishil pathinaram noottaandile sent wiljfortisinte oru thadi prathimayundu. avale oru poornna neela thaadiyulla oru poornna neela ulladakkam dharichirikkunnu. arjanteenayilum panaamayilum santa librada enna peril avale aaradhikkunnu.
palappozhum avalkk kaalil oru cheria fidler oru shooyum kaanikkaarund. oru pavapetta theerthaadakante calcal prathima swamedhayaa pathicha oru velli shooyude lookkayile volto saantoyil gadippichirikkunna oru aithihyathil ninnaan ithu uruthirinjathu. wiljfortisinte pathippil, pavapetta bhaktan orupakshe pathimoonnaam noottaandil oru fidleraayi maari.
avalude roopam kaaranam, wilgerfortisine oru "transgender vishudha" ennu visheshippikkappedunnu, chilappol lingabhedam ulla vyakthikalude anoupachaarika rakshaadhikaariyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.

