
keevinte oolga

oolga (; pazhaya norse '; lithe "alge"; sii. 945 muthal 960 vare thante makan sviyaattoslaavinte keevan rusinte reejantaayirunnu 890-925-969). snaapanathethudarnnu oolga elena '()' enna peru sweekarichu. keevile bharthaav igorine kolappeduthiya oru gothramaaya drevelianmaare keezhadakkiyathinaanu avar ariyappedunnathu. avarude kochumakan vladymyr aanu raajyathe muzhuvan kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheythathenkilum, rashyayiloode kristhumatham pracharippikkanulla avarude sramangal kaaranam, kizhakkan yaadhaasthithika sabhayil oolgaye "apposthalanmaarkk thulyar" enna visheshanathode oru vishudhayaayi aaradhikkunnu. juulai 11 aanu avalude perunnaal dinam.
jeevitam.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
oolgayude jananatheeyathi anjjaathamaanengilum, athu eiii. dii 890 muthal eiii. dii 925 vare vaikiyekkaam. praadhamika charitra" prakaram, oolga varangian (wiking) uthbhavathil ninnu plescovilaanu janichathu. keevile rajakumaran igor onnaamante vivahathinum avarude makan sviyaattoslaavinte jananathinum munbulla avalude jeevithathekkurichu valarekkurache ariyoo. purathana russiayude charithratthile vidagdhanaaya alexey karpov parayunnathanusarichu, vivaahasamayath oolgaykku 15 vayas kaviyillaayirunnu. ruric raajavamshathinte sthaapakanaaya roorikkinte makan anantharaavakaashiyumaayirunnu igor. pithaavinte maranashesham, ayal gothrangale keezhadakkukayum keevil oru thalasthaanam sthaapikkukayum cheythukondu eee mekhalayil shakthippeduthiya oleginte rakshaakarthvathilaayirunnu igor. eee ayanja gotra federation keevan ruz ennariyappettu, ithu ippol russia, ukraine, bellarus ennivayude bhagangalaaya pradeshangale ulkkollunnu.
valarnnuvarunna keevan ruz saamraajyavumaayi sankeernamaaya bandhamullah ayal gothramaayirunnu drevelians. baisaantain saamrajyathinethiraaya sainika pracharanangalil drevelionmar keevan rusinoppam cherukayum egorinte mungaamikalkk adaranjali arppikkukayum cheythu. oleginte maranashesham avar kappam nalkunnathu nirthukayum pakaram oru praadeshika yudhaprabhuvinu panam nalkukayum cheythu. 945-ll, keevan rusinu kappam nalkaan gothrathe nirbandhikkaan igor drevelian thalasthaanamaaya iscorostanilekku purappettu. egorinte valia sainyathe neritta drevelionmar pinvaangukayum addehathinu panam nalkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, igor sainyavum veettilekku madangumbol, panam mathiyaakillenn addeham theerumaanikkukayum oru cheria akambadiyumaayi kooduthal kappam thedi madangukayum cheythu.
avarude pradeshathu athiyappol drevelionmar igorine kolappedutthi. baisaantain chronicler lioo dhii deekkan parayunnathanusarichu, egorinte maranam oru bheekaramaaya peedanamaanu, athil addehathe "avar pidikoodi, maratthinte thumbiyil kettukayum randaayi keerukayum cheythu."dii. korinthile isthmasinu sameepam thaamasikkukayum theesiyas kollappedukayum cheytha moshtakkalaaya sainis upayogicha samanamaaya oru kolapathaka reethiyekkurichulla diodorus sikulasinte vivaranathil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondaanu lioo egorinte maranatthinte eee sensationalist pathipp kandupidichathennu sullivan abhiprayappettu.
regency.
945-ll egorinte maranashesham, oolga avarude makan sviattoslaavinu vendi keevan rusine reejantaayi bharichu. keevan roose bharicha aadya vanithayaayirunnu avar.
keevinte bharanadhikaariyenna nilayil oolgayude bharanakaalathekkurichu valarekkurache ariyoo, ennaal "praadhamika charithram" simhaasanathilekkulla avalude praveshanathekkurichum bharthaavinte kolapaathakathinu drevaliyanmaarodulla avalude raktharookshithamaaya prathikaarathekkurichum keevan janathayude sivil leader enna nilayilulla avalude pankinekkurichum kurachu ulkkaazhcha nalkunnu.
puraavastu gaveshakanaaya serge beletskyude abhipraayathil, vladymyr mahanayatinu munbulla matellaa bharanadhikaarikaleyum pole kanyaginiya oolgayum thante vyakthiparamaaya chihnamaayi bidentine upayogichirunnu.
drevelian kalapam.
drevaliyanmaarude kaikalil egorinte maranashesham, oolga simhasana etteduthu, kaaranam avalude moonnu vayassulla makan swiyaattoslaav bharikkan valare cheruppamaayirunnu. raajaavine pathiyirunnu kollunnathile vijayathil dhairyapetta drevelionmar, oolgaye thante kolayaliyaaya rajakumaaranaaya maal rajakumarane vivaham kazhikkanamennu nirddeshichu oru sandeshavaahakane ayachu. irupathu drevelian charchakkaar avarude raajaavinte sandesham kaimarunnathinum oolgayude paalikkal urappakkunnathinum keevilekku boat kayari. avar avalude kottaaratthil ethi, enthukondaanu avar keevilullathennu rajnjiyodu paranju "avar bharthaavine konnathayi report cheyyaan... aaa oolga vannu avarude rajakumaaranaaya maaline vivaham kazhikkanam."oolga marupadi paranju ningalude nirddesham enikku ishtamaanu, theerchayaayum, ente bharthaavinu maranathil ninnu uyirthezhunnelkkaan kazhiyilla. ennaal naale ente janathinte saannidhyathil ningale aadarikkaan njaan aagrahikkunnu. ippol ningalude bottilekk madanguka, ahankaarathinte oru vashavumayi avide thudaruka. naale njaan ningale ayaykkum, ningal parayum, "njangal kuthirappurathu kayarukayilla, kaalnadayaayi pookukayumilla, njangalude boatil njangale kondupookukayumilla."ningale ningalude boatil kondupokum.pittennu drevelionmar madangiyethiyappol, avar vaagdaanam cheytha bahumanam labhikkaan oolgayude kottaarathinu purathu kaathirunnu. avar avarodu parayaan paranja vaakkukal aavarthichappol, keevile janangal dreveliyanmaare boatil chumannu ezhunnettu. pallakk vahikkunnathupole ithu oru valia bahumathiyaanennu ambasadermar vishwasichu. janangal avare kottaratthilekku konduvannu, avide avare oolgayude utharavanusarichu muun divasam kuzhicha oru kuzhiyil erinju, avide ambaasadarmaare jeevanode samskarichu. avare samskarikkumbol avare kaanaan oolga kuninjuvennum "avarude abhiruchikkanusarichu avarkk bahumanam labhicho ennu anweshichuvennum ezhuthiyittundu."
thangalude raajakumaarante aduthekku maanyamaayi pookaanaayi thangalude vishishtaraaya aalukale keevilekku ayakkanamennu oolga drevelionmark oru sandesham ayachu."aadyathe nayatantra party vidhiyekkurich ariyaatha drevelionmar," "derewa raajyam bharicha ettavum mikacha aalukale" ayaykkaan mattoru samghathe shekharichu "."avar athiyappol, oolga thante janangalodu kulikkaan kalppikkukayum kulichathinushesham thante munnil varaan aalukale shanikkukayum cheythu. drevelionmar kulimuriyil praveshichappol, oolga vaathilukalil ninnu athu kathichu, angane akathulla ellah drevelianmaarum kathikkappettu.
oolga drevelionmark mattoru sandesham ayachu, ithavana "ningal ente bharthaavine konna nagaratthil dhaaraalam maamsam thayyarakkan, njaan addehathinte shavakudeerathil karayan addehathinu oru shavasamskara virunnu nadatthaanum" avarodu utharavittu."oolgayum oru cheria koottam parichaarakarum egorinte shavakudeerathil athiyappol aval karanjukondu oru shavasamskara virunnu nadatthi. drevelionmar avarodoppam irunnu amithamaayi kudikkaan thudangi. drevelionmar madyapichappol, avare kollan avar thante anuyaayikalodu utharavittu, "drevaliyanmaarude koottakkolaykk vendi thante anuyaayikale muttayitt svayam nadannu."praadhamika charithramanusarichu, eee ratri ayyayiram drevelionmar kollappettuvenkilum athijeevichavare illaathaakkaan oru sainyathe thayyarakkan oolga keevilekku madangi.
iru raajyangaludeyum sainyangal thammilulla prarambha samgharsham keevan rusinte sainyathin valare nannayi pooyi, avar yudhathil anaayasam vijayikkukayum athijeevichavare avarude nagarangalilekku thirichayakkukayum cheythu. thudarnnu oolga thante sainyathe bharthaav kollapetta nagaramaya iscarostanilekku (innathe korosttan) nayikkukayum nagaram uparodhikkukayum cheythu. drevelianmaare kabalippikkanulla oru padhathiyekkurichu oolga chinthichappol uparodham oru varshatholam neenduninnuvenkilum vijayamayilla. avar avarkk oru sandesham ayachu "ningal enthinaanu pinvaangunnath? nivaasikal ippol thangalude vayalukalum bhoomiyum samaadhaanathode krishi cheiyunnathinaayi ningalude nagarangalellaam enikku keezhadangukayum kappam kodukkukayum cheythu. ennaal ningal aadaraanjalikk vidheyamaakaathe pattini kidannu marikkukayaayirunnu nallath."
kappam kodukkumennu drevelionmar prathikarichuvenkilum avar ippozhum bharthaavinodu prathikaram cheyyaan uddeshikkunnuvennu avar bhayapettu. keevilekku ayacha doothanmaarude kolapaathakavum athupole thanne virunninte raathriyile sambhavangalum thanikk mathiyennu oolga marupadi nalki. thudarnnu avar avarodu oru cheria abhyarthana chodichu "enikku moonnu praavukal tharoo... oro veettil ninnum moonnu kuruvikal."athra cheria vilaykk uparodham avasaanikkumenna pratheekshayil drevelionmar santhoshikkukayum avar aavashyappettathupole cheyyukayum cheythu.
oro pakshikkum cheria thunikondu kettiyittulla oru kashanam sulfur gadippikkaan oolga thante sainyathodu nirddeshichu. raathriyil, oolga thante sainikarodu kashanagal kathichu pakshikale vittayakkaan paranju. avar nagaratthinullile avarude koodukalilekku madangi, athu pinneedu nagarathinu theeyittu. praadhamika charithram" parayunnathupole "nasippikkappedaatha oru veedum undaayirunnilla, ellah veedukalum oresamayam theepidichathinaal thee anaykkuka asaadhyamaayirunnu."aalukal kathunna nagaratthil ninnu palayanam cheythappol, oolga thante sainikarodu avare pidikkaan utharavittu, avaril chilare konnu mattullavarkk adimakalaayi thante anuyaayikale nalki. aval sheshichavare kappam kodukkaan vittu.
bharanam.
sainyathinteyum janangaludeyum pinthunayode oolga keevan rasinte reejant bharanadhikaariyaayi thudarnnu. kizhakkan europil rekhappeduthiya aadyathe niyamaparishkaranathil avar adaranjali shekharana sanbradaayathe (polyody) maatti. avar vivaahaalochanakal ozhivaakkunnath thudarukayum 968-ll keevu uparodhathil nagaratthe prathirodhikkukayum thante makanu simhaasanathinte adikaaram samrakshikkukayum cheythu.
drevelianmaare naadakeeyamaayi keezhadakkiya sesham, oolga thante makan anuyayiyum chernnu derewa raajyathiloode kadannupokukayum niyamangalum kappavum sthaapikkukayum cheythathenganeyennu "praadhamika charithram" vivarikkunnu. avarude vyaapaarakendrangalum vettayaadal shekharangalum ippozhum avideyundu."raajnjiyenna nilayil, oolga vyaapaarakendrangal sthaapikkukayum mistta, luga nadikalil kappam shekharikkukayum cheythu. saamraajyathiludaneelam vettayaadal maithaanangal, athirthi posttukal, pattanangal, vyapara posttukal enniva avar sthaapichu. pogosti" ennu vilikkappedunna eee vyapara kendrangal upayogichu samsthaana bharanam kendreekarikkaan oolgayude pravartthanangal sahayichu, avaa avarude vaanijya rolukalkku purame bharana kendrangalaayi pravarthichu. russian janathayude vamsheeyavum saamskaarikavumaaya ekeekaranathil oolgayude "pogosti" yude shringhala pradhaanamaanennu theliyikkukayum avalude athirthi posttukal raajyathin deseeya athirthikal sthaapikkaan thudangukayum cheythu.
makante neenda sainika pracharanangalil, avar vaishgorod kottayil kochumakkalkkoppam thaamasichu keevinte chumatala thudarnnu.
kristhumatham.
praadhamika charithram" oolgayude reejant enna nilayilulla kaalathekkurichu kooduthal vishadaamshangalilekku pookunnilla, pakshe aval kristhumathathilekkulla parivartthanatthinte kathayum kizhakkan europil kristhumathatthinte sveekaaryathayil thudarnnulla phalavum parayunnu.
parivartthanam.
950-kalil, oolga baisaantain saamraajyathinte thalasthaanamaaya konstaantinoppilikkil pooyi, konstaantayin VII chakravarty sandarshichu. orikkal konstantinoppilil, chakravarthiyudeyum paathriyarkkeesinteyum sahaayathode oolga kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappettu. praadhamika charithram" oolgayude sandarshanathino mathaparivartthanathino ulla prachodanam velippeduthunnillenle, aval snaapanamettathum kristhumathatthinte vazhikalil padippikkappettathumaaya mathaparivarthana prakriyayekkurichu athu valare vishadamaayi pookunnu bharichirunna chakravarty leoyude makan konstaantain ennu namakaranam cheythu. oolga avante munbil vannu, aval valare sundara budhimaanum aanennu kandappol chakravarty avalude budhiyekkurichu athbhuthappettu. avan avalumayi samsaarikkukayum avanodoppam avante nagaratthil bharikkan aval yogyayaanennu abhipraayappedukayum cheythu. oolga avante vaakkukal kettappol, thaan ippozhum oru purajaatheeyayaanennum avan avale snaanamelppikkaan aagrahikkunnuvenkil, avan thanne eee pravrithi nadathanamennum, allengil, snaapanamelkkaan aval thayyarallennum aval marupadi nalki. chakravarty, paathriyarkkeesinte sahaayathode, athanusarichu avale snaanappeduthi. oolga prabudhayaayappol aval aathmaavilum shareerathilum santhoshichu. avale vishwaasathil padippicha pithrupithaavu avalodu paranju "russian sthreekalil nee anugrahikkappettavalaanu", kaaranam nee velichathe snehikkukayum iruttu upekshikkukayum cheythu. ninte pingaamikalude avasana thalamuravare roosente puthranmaar ninne anugrahikkum."avan avale sabhayude sidhaantham padippikkukayum praarthanayilum upavaasathilum daanadharmmathilum vishudhi nilanirthunnathilum avale padippikkukayum cheythu. aval thala kunichu, vellam agiranam cheiyunna oru sponch pole, avante padippikkalukalil aval aakaamkshayode kudichu. raajakumaariyude mukham vanangi rajakumari paranju "vishudha pithaave, angayude praarthanakaliloode njaan pishaachinte karakaushalangalil ninnum akramanangalil ninnum samrakshikkappette!"snapana velayil avalkk helena ennu namakaranam cheyyappettu, purathana chakravartthiyude peril, mahanaaya konstantaininte amma. thudarnnu pathriarchese avale anugrahikkukayum pirichuvidukayum cheythu.purathana vishudhanaaya helenayude (mahanaaya konstantaininte maathaav) peril oolgaykku helena enna peru nalkiyittundennu "praadhamika charithram" rekhappeduthumbol, jonathan sheppered vaadikkunnathu oolgayude snapana namam samakaalika chakravartthiyude bhaarya helenayil ninnaan vannathennu. oolga "thante nagaratthil avanodoppam bharikkan yogyanaayirunnu" enna nireekshanam soochippikkunnathu chakravarthikku avale vivaham kazhikkaan thaalpparyamundaayirunnu ennaanu. oolgaye bharyayaayi sweekarikkaanulla konstaantaininte aagraham "soumyayum budhimaanum" enna vasthuthayil ninnu uthbhavichathaanennu "chronicle" vishadeekarikkunnu, oolgaye vivaham kazhikkunnath theerchayaayum russia marikadakkaan addehathe sahaayikkumaayirunnu ".
athmeeya bandhatthinte niyamangal anusarichu thante snapana sponsorship avar thammilulla vivaahathe orutharam athmeeya avivekam aakkumenn arinjukondu oolga chakravarty jnjaanasnaanappeduthaan aavasyappettathaayi "chronicle" vivarikkunnu. kristhyaaniyaakaanulla avalude aagraham yadhaarthamaayirunnirikkaam, eee abhyarthana avarkk rashtreeya swaathanthryam nilanirthaanulla oru maarggam koodiyaayirunnu. snaapanathinusesham, konsttanteyn thante vivaha nirddesham aavarthichappol, oru gooad makale avalude godfadarine vivaham kazhikkunnath sabhayude niyamam vilakkiyathinaal avane vivaham kazhikkaan kazhiyillennu oolga marupadi nalkki avalude snaapanathin sesham, chakravarty oolgaye vilichu avale thante bhaaryayaakanamenn aagrahikkunnuvennu avale ariyichu. ennaal aval marupadi paranju "nee enne snaanam nalkukayum ninte makal ennu vilikkukayum cheytha sesham neeyenganeyaan enne vivaham kazhikkunnath? kristhyaanikalkkidayil athu niyamavirudhamaanu, ningal thanne arinjirikkanam."appol chakravarty paranju," oolga, nee enne marikadannu."avan avalkk niravadhi svarnnam, velli, putt, vividha pathrangal enniva sammaanichu, avale purathaakki, appozhum avale thante makal ennu vilichu.
yadhaarthathil orikkalum sambhavikkaan saadhyathayillaatha oru sambhavathe vivarikkunna eee nirddeshathinte katha oru saahitya alankaaramaanennu francis buttler vaadikkunnu. vaasthavathil, avalude snapana samayat, konstaantaininu ithinakam oru chakravarthini undaayirunnu. konstantinoppile sambhavangalekkurichulla "chronicle" parayunnathinte sathyathekkurichulla anishchithathvathinu purame, aval kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheythathinte vishadaamshangalekkurichum vivaadangalundu. russian srothassukal anusarichu, 957-ll avar konstantinoppilil jnjaanasnaanamettu. ennirunnaalum, baisaantain srothassukal soochippikkunnathu avarude 957 sandarshanathinu munbu avar oru kristhyaaniyaayirunnu ennaanu.
955 oode avar keevil jnjaanasnaanamettathaayum konstantinoppilil randaamathe kristheeya namakaranam cheythathinetthudarnnu helen enna kristheeya namam sweekarichathaayum thonnunnu. russiayil ninnu thante purajaatheeya reethikalil ninnu parivartthanam cheytha aadya vyakthiyalla oolga-egorinte kottaaratthil kristhyaanikal sent. 945-leeii roose-baisantain udambadikkaayi keevile elias charchu-ennaal jeevithathil snaapanathin vidheyayaya ettavum sakthayaaya roose vyakthiyaayirunnu avar.
keevan rusine kristhyaaniyaakkaanulla sramangal '.
"aadyathe" "chronicle" "report cheiyunnathu oolgaykku avalude veettilekkulla yaathraykk paathriyarkkeesinte anugraham labhichuvennum aval athiyukazhinjaal, makane kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyaan aval parajayappettuvennum parayunnu ippol oolga thante makan swiyaattoslaavinoppam thaamasikkukayum avanodu snaanamelkkaan abhyarthikkukayum cheythu, pakshe avan avalude nirddesham anusarichilla, ennirunnaalum eathenkilum purushan snaanamelkkaan aagrahikkumbol, avan thadassappettilla, marichu parihasikkapettu". kaaranam avishwaasikale sambandhichidatholam kristheeya vishwaasam viddithamaanu. avar athu manassilakkunnilla, kaaranam avar iruttilaanu nadakkunnathu, daivathinte mahathvam kanunnilla. avarude hridayangal kadinamaayirikkunnu. avarkk chevikalaal kelkkaano annukalaal canano kazhiyilla. kaaranam solaman paranjittundu "aneethikalude pravrithikal njaanathilninnu valare akaleyaan. njaan ningale vilichaalum ningal kettillengilum njaan ente vaakkukal moorcha koottukayum ningalkk manassilakaathirikkukayum cheythu. ennaal ningal ente upadeshangalokkeyum nishfalamaakki, ente nindayil onnum ningalkkundakayilla. kaaranam avar arivine veruthirunnu; avar thiranjedutthitlaatha yahovayekkurichulla bhayavum. avar ente upadeshangalonnum sweekarichillengilum ente ellah saasanakaleyum avahelichu."patthaam noottaandile keevan rusile kristhumathathodulla sathrutha eee bhagam eduthukaanikkunnu. kristhumatham sweekarichaal thante anuyaayikal "chirikkumennu" "chronicle" ll swiyaattoslaav prakhyaapikkunnu. addeham mathaparivarthanam nadatthiyaal thante anuyaayikal addehathinte maathruka pinthudarumennu oolga thante makane bodhyappedutthaan shramichappol, avalude sramangal vyarthamaayi. ennirunnaalum, thante raajyathile mathaparivarthanam nadathiyavare peedippikkaruthennu avarude makan sammathichu, ithu pradeshathe kristhumathatthinu nirnaayaka vazhithirivayi. kristhumathathodulla janathinte cheruthunilppu undaayirunnittum oolga keevu, pscove ennividangalilum mattidangalilum pallikal nirmmichu.
vishudha roman chakravarthiyumaayulla bandham.
959ll vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya ottoo onnaamante aduthulla oolgayude embassy ezhu laattin srothassukalil rekhappeduthiyittundu. proominte rejinoyude thudarchayil thangalude rajyathinaayi oru bishappineyum purohithanmareyum niyamikkaan doothanmaar chakravarty abhyarthichathaayi paraamarsikkunnu. avarude thanthram pinneedu thurannukaattiyittilne abhipraayappettukondu charithrakaaran doothanmaare nunakalaayi kuttappeduthunnu. magdeburghile aadyathe aarch bishop, magdeburghile adalbert, eee uyarnna padaviyilekku sthaanakkayattam labhikkunnathin munbu, chakravarty oottoo oru lalithamaaya bishappayi russian raajyathekku ("russia") ayachuvenkilum swaatoslaavu onnaamante purajaatheeya sakhyakakshikal purathaakkiyathaayi merseburghile thiyetmaar parayunnu. ithe vivarangal quedlinberginteyum hildeshiminteyum charitrangalil aavarthikkunnu.
2018ll russian charitrakaaranum ezhuthukaaranumaaya boris akunin, bishappumaarude shanavum varavum thammilulla 2 varshathe edavelayude praadhaanyam choondikkaanichu "oolgayude baisaantain yaathrayude parajayam avarude partic kanatha praharam srishtichu. ippol padinjaaru bhaagathulla oru kristhyan rakshaadhikaariye kandethaan grand kaanyaginya randaamathe sramam nadatthi. ennaal 959ll ottoo chakravartthiyude aduthekku embassy ayachathinum 961ll keevile adalbertinte varavinum edayilulla kaalayalavil raktharahithamaya oru attimari nadannathaayi thonnunnu. purajaatheeya party vijayichu, yuva swiyaattoslaav thante ammaye pashchaathalatthilekku thalli, athinaalaan jarmman bishappukalkk ozhinja kaikondu madangendivannathu."
russian charitrakaaranaaya vladymyr petrukhin parayunnathanusarichu, malsaram avatharippichu russian janataye kooduthal aaveshathode mathabodhanam cheyyaan baisaantain purohithanmaare prachodippikkaan oolga aagrahichathinaal roman aachaaraparamaaya bishappukale kshanichu.
maranam.
praadhamika charitra" prakaram, 969-ll pechenegs nagaram uparodhichathin thottupinnaale oolga asukham baadhichu marichu. swiyaattoslaav thante simhasana danube mekhalayilekku mattaanulla padhathikal prakhyaapichappol, rogiyaaya oolga thante avasana divasangalil thannodoppam thamasikkaan avane bodhyappedutthi. moonnu divasathinu sesham, aval marikkukayum avalude kudumbavum keevan rasinte valia bhaagangalum vilapikkukayum cheythu swiyaattoslaav thante ammayodum thante boyarmarodum ingane prakhyaapichu "enikku keevil thamasikkaan thalpparyamilla, pakshe danubile peryaaslaavettukalil thamasikkaan njaan aagrahikkunnu, kaaranam athu ente raajyathinte kendramaanu, avide ellah sambathum kendreekarichirikkunnu; svarnnam, pattunool, veenju, greasil ninnulla vividha pazhangal, hunkery, bohemia ennividangalil ninnulla velliyum kuthirakalum, rasinte romangal, mezhuk, thaine, adimakal ennivayil ninnu."ennaal oolga marupadi paranju" ningal enne ente balaheenathayil kaanunnu. enthukondaanu ningal ennil ninnu akannupokaan aagrahikkunnath?"kaaranam aval ithinakam thanne aarogyanila moshamaayirunnu. angane aval avanodoppam prathishedhikkukayum aadyam thanne samskarikkaanum thudarnnu avan aagrahikkunnidathekku pookaanum avanodu apekshikkukayum cheythu. moonnu divasathinu sesham oolga marichu. avalude makan avalude kochumakkalum ellah janangalum athupole thanne avalkkuvendi valia vilaapathode karanju. angane avar avale puratthekku kondupoyi avalude shavakudeerathil adakkam cheythu. vishudhayaya raajakumaariyude shavasamskaram nadathunna oru purohitan avalkkundaayirunnathil avalkkayi oru shavasamskara virunnukal nadatharuthennu oolga kalppichirunnu.ammayude kristhyan paarambaryatthe addeham amgeekarichillenkilum, purohithanaaya gregori aachaaraparamaaya purajaatheeya shavasamskara virunnu nadathaathe oru kristhyan shavasamskaram nadathanamenna oolgayude abhyarthanaykku swiyaattoslaav chevikodutthu. avalude shavakudeeram rund noottaandilere keevil nilaninnirunnuvenkilum 1240-ll battu khaante mangolian-taattar sainyam nashippichu.
paarambaryamaayi.
vishudhan.
keevan rasine oru kristhyan pradeshamaakkaanulla oolgayude sramam parajayappettathaayi avalude maranasamayathu thonni. ennirunnaalum, 988-ll kristhumatham audyogikamaayi sweekaricha oolgayude kochumakan vladymyr oolgayude kristheeyavalkkarana dauthyam praavarthikamaakkum. "praadhamika charithram" oolgayude vishudhiye avalude jeevithathile purajaatheeyaril ninnu vyathyasthamayi eduthukaanikkunnu, athupole thanne kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyaanulla avalude theerumaanatthinte praadhaanyavum oolga kristhyan bhoomiyude munnodiyaayirunnu, pakal-vasanthakaalam suryanu munbum prabhatham divasathinu munbum ayirikke. kaaranam aval raathriyil chandraneppole prakashikkukayum janangal malinamayirikkayaal vishudha snaanathiloode avarude papangalilninn shudheekarikkappedaathil avar cheliyil muthu pole sathyanishedhikalude idayil prakashikkukayum cheythu. ennaal eee vishudha shudheekaranathaal aval thanne shudheekarikkappettu... daivathinte raajyathil praveshicha aadyathethu aval aayirunnu, angane roosinte puthranmaar avale thangalude nethaavaayi prashamsikkunnu, kaaranam avalude maranam muthal aval avarkkuvendi daivavumaayi madhyasthatha vahichittundu.969-ll marichathinushesham ekadesham 600 varshangalkk sesham 1547-ll russian oorthadoox sabha oolgaye vishudhayaayi namakaranam cheythu. avarude mathaparivarthana swaadheenam kaaranam, kizhakkan oorthadoox sabha, ruthenian greak catholica sabha, ukreniyan greak catholica sabha enniva oolgaye "apposthalanmaarkk thulyamaaya" "isapostolos ennu vilikkunnu. juulai 11 aanu oolgayude perunnaal dinam, avalude marana theeyathi. swantham jeevacharithrathinu anusrithamaayi, vidhavakaludeyum mathaparivarthanakkaarudeyum rakshaadhikaariyaanu avar.
irupathaam noottaandile 80kalil archimandrite innokentiyude (prosvirnin) munkaiyilaanu avarkk aadyamaayi "apposthalanmaarkk thulyar" enna padavi nalkiyathu.
kizhakkan oorthadoox charchu (prathyekichu russian oorthadoox charchil), greak catholica charchu (prathyekichu ukreniyan greak catholica palliyil), baisaantain achaaramulla pallikalil lutheranism, russiayile paashchaathya catholicar ennivarkkidayil pallikal baisaantain aacharam upayogikkunna kizhakkan slavik samsaarikkunna rajyangalil oolga vishudhanaayi aaraadhikkappedunnu.
aadhunika sweekaranam.
kizhakkan europilekkum russiayilekkum kristhumatham vyaapippikkunnathil oolgayude pankilum keevan rusil kristhyaanikale peedippikkunnathinethir makane upadesikkunnathil avalude pankilum scholarship parambaraagathamaayi shradha kendreekarichirikkunnu.
maruvashathu, aadhunika prasidheekaranangal kraisthavalokam vipuleekarikkunnathile oolgayude pankinappuram oolgayodulla vishalamaaya thaalpparyathe prathifalippikkunnu. thante katha vishadamaakkiya 2018leeii oru lekhanathil, "oru sthreek engane shakthiyodum theerumaanathodum koodi bharikkanakum" ennu avar thante naattukaare kaanichuthannuvennu avakashappettu."oolga wiking vamshajayaanenna russian praadhamika charithratthinte avakaashavaadavum avalude" "yodhaakkalude aathmaavin" "saadhyamaaya sambhavanayude peril shradha nedi". thomas crowgwell abhipraayappettath, "eathenkilum vishudhan asthikalkku doshakaramaanengil, athu keevu rajakumaariyaaya oolgayaayirunnu... [aval] dushtathaye oru puthiya thalatthilekku kondupoyi."
russian charitrakaaranaaya boris akunin vaadikkunnathu avar theerchayaayum drevelianmaare veendum keezhadakkiyenkilum, avarude aadya prathinidhiye maathram avar kolappeduthiyathu vishwasaneeyamaanu, kaaranam iscorostan keevil ninnu rund divasathe yaatra mathramaayirunnu, ithu aadyathe pothu kolapathakam marachuvekkaan budhimuttaakkunnu.
kalayum saahityavum.
1981ll keevu nagaratthinte 1500-aamm vaarshikathodanubandhichu oolgayude jeevithathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru puthiya baale rachichu.