
buckinghamshare gathagatham

buckinghamshare gathagatham roopappettathu yunaittad kingdatthinullile athinte sthaanamaanu. yukeyile rund valia nagarangalaya landanum birmingham thammilulla mikka paathakalum eee kaundiyiloodeyaanu kadannupokunnathu. kaundiyude valarunna vyavasaayam (ippol berkshareinte bhagamaaya slow polullava) aadyam kanaalukalum pinneedu railway pinneedu motorvekalum eee pradeshathekku konduvannu.
buckinghamsharinte gathagatha shringalayude bhooribhaagavum roman akman street, celtic vaatling street ennee rund purathana roadukalil ninnu kandethaam. eiii41 umm eiii5 umm ekadesham avarude paatha pinthudarunnu. 1838-ll, vestt koost maine laininteyum grettu vestten maine laininteyum bhagangal thurannukondu railway nediya englandile aadyathe kaundikalilonnaayi buckinghamshare maari. ivaye thudarnnu pinneedu mattu pradhana lainukalum niravadhi grameena branch lainukalum vannu, avayil palathum 1930-kalil adachu. 1960 kalile beaching katt 1966 ll ilesburic vadakkulla grettu central maine line adachu. 1950 kalil emm 1 motorway 1959 ll buckinghamshare vazhi athinte muzhuvan bhaagavum thurannappol motorway nediya churukkam chila kaundikalil onnaayirunnu kaundi. buckinghamsharil saannidhyam illaatha eaka pradhana gathagatha maarggam vimana yaathrayaan-grettar landanile heathro vimaanathaavalam athirthiyil ninnu oru mylil thaazhe maathramaan.
reyil.
uthbhavam.
vadakkan englandinte railway kuthichuchaattam lunden aandu birmingham reyilveyude (ell & bii. aarr) roopeekaranathilekku nayichu. 1833-ll roobert steefansan, joseph lokkinte grand junction railway birminghamil kandumuttaanum angane oru vadakku-thekk root srishtikkaanum padhathiyittu. buckinghamiloode railway line pookaan thudakkathil padhathiyittirunnuvenkum buckinghamile dukinte ethirppu kaaranam athu volverton aayi maatti. buckinghamilekkulla oru line pinneedu 1850-ll thurannu. ell & bii aarinte nirmmaanam 1833 novemberil aarambikkukayum lunden yoosttan muthal hertfordshire boxmoor vareyulla bhagam 1837-ll thurakkukayum cheythu. 1838-leeii venalkkaalath blechlikkaduthulla line poortthiyaayi; avide ninnu yaathrakkaar ragbiyilekku oru stejkochu shuttle eduthu avide ninnu railway vadakkott thudarnnu. ippol milttan cains ennu vilikkappedunna eee paatha niravadhi maasangalkk sesham 1838 septambar 17 nuu thurannu. oru noottaandilereyaayi rolling stokku nirmmicha volverton railway varkkukalude saittayi volverton pinneedu prashasthamaayi-avasaanathe puthiya vandi 1962 ll avide nirmikkappettu. saittil ippol oru supermarket undu.
athe samayam, valarunna thuramukhamaaya bristolumaayi landanine bandhippikkaan uddeshichulla mattoru railway kambaniyaaya grettu vestten railway (jii. dablyu. aarr) 1833-ll roopeekarichu. athe varsham thanne isambard kingdom brunaline enchineeyaraayi niyamichu. 1830kalude madhyathilaanu nirmmaanam aarambhichath. paddingtonil ninnu buckinghamshare vareyulla paatha 1838 juun 4 nuu thurannu, ithu kannimukha railway paalam thayyarakunnathuvare kannimukha bridge steshanil avasaanichu. 1839 juulai 1 nuu berksheyarilekkulla paatha thurannu. jorjju, roobert steefansan ennivarulppedeyulla mattu railway enchineeyarmaar ishtappetta staanderd gejinu vipareethamaayi broad gej (brunalinu ishtappetta) upayogichathil eee paatha shradheyamaayi. staanderd gej upayogikkunna mattu reyilvekal pinneedu jii. dablyu. aarine nerittu, ithu gej yudhathil kalaashichu, athu oduvil jii. dablyu. aarinu nashtamaayi. 1861 october 1 nuu staanderd, broad gej trainukal oodikkaan anuvadikkunna moonnaamathe railpata roopeekarichu. 1892ll raajyathudaneelam broad gej neekkam cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil buckinghamsheyariloodeyulla paatha naalirattiyayi.
1839-ll, landanilekku charakkukal, prathyekichu ayalsbury duck, kondupokunnathinaayi ell & bii. aarile cheddingtonil ninnu buckinghamshare kaundi pattanamaya ayalsbariyilekk oru branch line thurannu. ennirunnaalum vadakku blechliyilekku bandhippikkunna paatha nirmmichathinaal ithinu cheddingtonil oru maattam aavasyamaanu. ayalsbury railway allengil cheddington muthal ayalsbury vareyulla paatha swathanthramaayirunnuvengu 1846 vare ell & bii aarr aanu pravarthippichirunnathu, ell & bii aarum mattu rund railway kambanikalum layippichu lunden, north vestten railway (elendabluar) roopeekarichu. annumuthal eee line elendablyuaarinte udamasthathayilaayirunnu.
1846 november 17 nuu thuranna adutha paatha "bedford aandu blechley railway" aayirunnu; ithu bedford railway steshanil ninnu landanilekkum blechliyile birmingham reyilveyilekkum oodi, blechley oru cheria grameena kaayalil ninnu oru pradhana junction tounilekku maatti. aaa kambani 1847-ll "buckingham aandu brackley junction railway" yumayi layippichu buckinghamshare railway roopeekarichu, ithu 1850-ll banbariyilekku oru branch line thurannu. 1851ll verney junctionil oru junction roopeekarikkukayum avide ninnu ooksfordilekkulla mattoru puthiya line roopeekarikkukayum oxfordinum kembridjinum edayilulla blechley vazhi sarvakalashaala line ennariyappedukayum cheythu. 1851 juulai muthal buckinghamshare railway pravarthippichathu elendabluaaraanu, pinneedu 1879 ll elendabluar ithu ulppeduthi.
1846 joolaiyil, vaikomb railway paarlamentinte oru niyamathiloode samyojippikkappettu, ithu berkshareile gvrile manhedil ninnu pradhana furniture uthppaadippikkunna pattanamaya hye vaikomb vare oru branch line nirmmikkaan anuvadichu. 1852ll nirmmaanam aarambikkukayum rund varshathinu sesham 1854ll poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. nirmmaana pravarthanangalil thaamukalkk mukalilulla oru puthiya paalam ulppedunnu; boonn end railway paalam aadyamaayi nirmmikkumbol maram kondaanu nirmmichathu, pakshe 1895ll oru irumbu truss paalam maatti. line single track aayirunnu, broad gej upayogichu. 1862ll vaikomb railway rajakumaaranmaaraaya risbaroyil ninnu 1863ll ayalsbury vare mattoru shaakhayumaayi tamilek vyapippichu. ooksfordilekkulla paatha oru varshathinu sesham 1864ll poortthiyaayi. vaikomb railway grettu vestten railwake paattatthinu nalkukayum 1867ll jii. dablyu. aarr vaangukayum cheythu. 1870ll eee paatha staanderd gej aakki maatti.
1849ll berkshareil winder sarvees nadathunna rund lineukal thurannu-randum royaltiyudeyum vinodasanchaarikaludeyum gathaagathathinaayi malsarikkunnu. winder, steyins, southu vestten railway" ennivaykku 1847-ll amgeekaaram labhichu, 1848 august 22-nuu buckinghamshare sarariyile steyins muthal daachatt vareyulla aadya vibhaagam thurakkunna steyins tuu winder line. winder kaasilinteyum eettan kolejinteyum ethirppu kaaranam vindarilekkulla line vaikukayum winder & eettan reversidelekkulla line 1849 desember 1-nuu thurakkukayum winder, steyins, southu vestten railway enniva 1848-ll lunden aandu southu vestten railway (ell. ezz. dablyu. aarr) agiranam cheyyukayum cheythu. athe varsham 1849-ll, buckinghamshare sloyil ninnu winder & eettan centralilekkulla slow line veendum eettan collegil ninnu ethirppu sweekarikkukayum cheythu. 1862ll staanderd, broadgage trainukal oodikkaan anuvadikkunna broad gej, duval gej aayi aadyam sthaapikkappetta ithu 1883num 1885num idayil oru hraswa kaalayalavilekku, jilla railway landaninum winder & eettan centralinum idayil sloyil ninnu gdabluar trackukalkku mukaliloode ealing broadway vazhi sarveesukal nadatthi.
1860 augustil elendablyuaarinte "varsidi lainil" ayalsbury, verney jangshanukalkkidayil oru line nirmmikkunnathinayi ayalsbury, buckingham railway roopeekarichu. 1868ll ithu thurannuvenkilum verney jangshanu buckingham vazhi banbariyumaayi bandhamundengilum trainukal orikkalum buckinghamilake oodiyilla. 1871 muthal, brill tramwayiloode "vaadesdon rodilekkulla" sarveesukal aarambhichu. thudakkathil "voottan tramway" ennariyappettirunna ithu praadhamikamaayi buckinghaminte moonnaamathe dukinte upayogathinaayi nirmmikkukayum 1872 ll graamatthil ninnu thanne valare akale avasaanichu thilakkathilekku vyaapippikkukayum cheythu.
metro land.
1863ll thurannappol metropolittan railway lokathile aadyathe bhoogarbha maas traansit railway samvidaanamaayirunnu. 1868ll metropolittan aandu sent johns wood railway baker streettil ninnu swis kottejilekku oru branch thurannu, aaa kambani 1879ll metropolittan railway etteduthu. athinusesham line niravadhi thavana vipuleekarichu. 1889 juulai 8 nuu cheshamilekku buckinghamsharil praveshicha eee paatha 1892 ll amersham vazhi chiltten kunnukalilekku kooduthal vipuleekarikkukayum chesham roottine oru branch lainakki maattukayum cheythu. 1892-leeii vipuleekaranam 1863-ll thuranna ayalsbariyile jii. dablyu. aarr steshanil avasaanichu.
metropolittan railway ippol 1915 ll metroland ennu vilikkappedunna buckinghamsharelake aazhathil vyaapichirunnu. 1891 ll, metropolittan ayalsbariyil ninnu verney jangshanilekku oodiya "ayalsbury & buckingham railway" agiranam cheythu. 1894 januvari 1 nuu, metropolittan railway 1850 ll thuranna enn. enn. dablyu. aarinte udamasthathayilulla sarvakalashaala lainine kandumuttunna eiii & bii. aarr muthal verney jangshanilekku vipuleekarichu. metropolittan railway ('mettu' ennu ariyappedunnu) angane central landanil ninnu grameena buckinghamsharinte madhyathilulla verney jangshanilekku express sevanangal nadatthi-terminus valare graameenamaayirunnuvennathi thelivaanu, praadeshika bhoovudama sarr haari verneyude perilaanu steshan ariyapettath. 1899 desember 1 nuu central landanil ninnu ekadesham ambathu mile akale agiranam cheytha brill tramwake mukalilaayirunnu buckinghamshare meettinte avasana vipuleekaranam. vaasthavathil, metropolittan laininte vyaapthi valare valuthayirunnathinaal varshangalolam eee line lunden bhoogarbha tube maappil ulppeduthaan kazhinjilla.
avasaanathe pradhana line.
englandinte vadakku bhaagath railway shringhala roopeekaricha maanchastar, shefield, linkanshayar railway (ems & elr) aayirunnu buckinghamsheyariloode neythedukkenda adutha railway. 1897-ll, lunden vipuleekaranam pratheekshichu grettu central railway peru maatti. 1854ll sarr edward vaatkin general maanejarakunnathuvare emm. ezz. aandu ell. aarr oru mithamaaya kambaniyaayirunnu. thante trainukal oodunna engleesh chaanalin keezhil oru reyil thurankam nirmmikkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte aagraham. thekk landanum thekkan theeravum vare oru line nirmmikkaan addeham theerumaanichu-ithu cheiyunnathinu addeham landanum doverinum metropolittan railwake idayil oodunna thekkukizhakkan reyilveyude chairmaanaayi. doverinum nottingaminu sameepam ithinakam nilavilulla ems & elaarinum idayil vyakthamaaya paatha nalkiyathinaal rund kambanikalum vaatkinu upayogapradamaayirunnu.
lunden vipuleekaranam europian nilavaarathilaanu aasoothranam cheythirunnathu, phalatthil moorchayulla konukalo kuthaneyulla charivukalo illaayirunnu. level crossingukal paadillaayirunnu-ellaam railwake mukaliloo thaazheyo kondupoyi. emm. ezz & ell. aarr enna peril thanne 1894ll punny aarambhichu. ekadesham 3 dasalaksham poundu varunna theerapradesham poortthiyaakkaan naalu varshamedukkum; padhathi rund pakuthikalilayathinaal, vaarvikshayarile rugby muthal metropolittan reyilveyude brill, verney junction ennivayude jangshanaaya kweyntan rooad vareyulla thekkan bhagam. avide ninnu trainukal landanile maarilebonile oru puthiya terminessilekku trackukal pankidum. aadyathe passenture sarvees march 16 vare nadannillengilum 1899 march 9 nuu line audyogikamaayi thurannu.
rooad.
buckinghamsharinte rooad shringhala ippozhum chila ozhivaakkalukalode single kyarej way roadukal chernnathaanu. emm40, emm1 motorvekal landanil ninnu midu laandukalilekkum vadakkottumulla avarude roottukalil yathaakramam hye vaikombe, milttan cains enniva nalkikkond kaundiyiloode kadannupokunnu. eiii41 ooksfordshayarine buckinghamshare vazhi landanumaayi bandhippikkunnu, koodaathe ilesburic landanum idayil grade verthiricha eratta carriagewayanu. buckinghamsharinte rooad shringalayude kendrabinduvaanu ayalsbury; eiii413, eiii418, eiii41, eiii4010 rodukalellaam pattanatthil othucherunnu. ennirunnaalum, ellaavarum otta kaimatta paathakalayi pattanatthil praveshikkunnu, arcum bipass illa. thalphalamaayi, tirakkeriya samayangalil ayalsbury gurutharamaaya gathagathakkurukku prasnangal anubavikkunnu.
ilesburic samaanamaayi, kaundiyude thekkan bhaagathe pradhana rodukalude oru koottukettaanu hye vaikombe. ayalsbariyil ninnulla eiii4010, amarshamil ninnulla eiii404-maayi cherukayum koodaathe nagaratthe thekkott kadannupokunna emm40 motorveyumaayi cherukayum cheiyunnu. eiii404 emm40 nuu appurathu thekkott kannimukhathekku thudarunnu.
mattu rund pattanangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, milttan cains oru puthiya pattanamayathinaal, milttan cains grid rooad samvidaanam ennariyappedunna munkootty aasoothranam cheytha rodukalude shringalayundu. eiii5 rooad emm. keey. yiloode oru grade verthiricha eratta kyaarejveyaayi kadannupokunnu. eiii 509 muthal wellingburo, kettaring, eiii 421, eiii 422 ennivayaanu mattu pradhana roadukal, iva randum padinjaaru buckingham vazhiyum emm 40 lake kizhakk bedfordilake (eiii 421 eiii 1 maayi bandhippikkunnu) pookunnu. eiii509, eiii421 enniva yathaakramam jeey14, jeey13 vazhi emm. keey. yeei emm1 motorveyumaayi bandhippikkunnu. 2007 septambaril thuranna eratta kyarej way eiii4146 laittan basardineyum ayalsbury bandhippikkunnu. koodaathe, buckinghamsheyariloode valare cheria oru bhaagamulla eiii428, milttan cains baroyude vadakkan attathulla lavendon, colled brayfield graamangaliloode kadannu eiii509-neey oru raundu ebouttil kandumuttunnu.
buckinghamsharinte aachaaraparamaaya kaundiyil naalu motorvekal undu, ennirunnaalum randennam athinte athirthikalilaanu
klintane athbhuthappeduthunnathini kizhakk ninnu buckinghamsharelake eiii41 (muun eiii41 (meter)) varunnu.
naalu pradhana roadukalum kaundiyil praveshikkunnu (vadakku ninnu thekkott):
lunden vittu raajyathinte mattu bhaagangalilekku pookunna yaathrakkaarude roottukal kaaranam kizhakk-padinjaaru rooad yaatra kaundiyil nallathaanu. kaundiyude thekkum vadakkum nerittu pookunna pradhana rodukalonnumilla (udha.jii. uyarnna vaikombe, milttan keynes ennivaykkidayil).
jalapatha.
grand union kanal kaundiyiloode milttan cains muthal marsworth vare kadannupokunnu, vazhiyil bedfordshireilekkum puratthekkum kadannupokunnu. athinusesham athu purappett hertfordshirelake praveshikkunnu. maarswarthil rund shaakhakal verthirichu, onnu ayalsbariyilekkum onnu vendoverilekkum. oru noottaand munbu vendover aam adachappol ayalsbury branch innum sajeevamaan. ennirunnaalum, oru sannadha trastt ippol ithu punasthaapikkukayum avar athu cheria tring vare veendum thurakkukayum cheythu. ithu nilavil assen klintanilekku punasthaapikkappedukayanu (trastt websait kaanuka). punarudhaarana shramangalude vishayamaaya mattoru shaakha buckinghamilekkulla shaakhayaanu. ithu milttan keynisinu vadakku northaamptanshayarile cosgrovil kanaalil ninnu puratthekku pooyi. mikkavarum muzhuvan roopeekaranavum ippol upayogashoonyamaanu, eiii5 duval kyarejwe vazhi vichedichu.

