
dogra-tibattan yuddham

1841 meyy muthal 1842 august vare sikh saamraajyathinte aadhipathyathin keezhilulla jammuvile dogra prabhuvaya gulab singhinte sainyavum tibattinte sainyavum thammilaan dogra-tibattan yuddham athawa sino-sikh yuddham nadannathu. ladak keezhadakkiya sesham ladaakkilekkulla vyapara pathakal niyantrikkunnathinaayi athinte athirthikal vipuleekarikkaan shramicha prapthanaaya general sorawar singh khalooriya aayirunnu gulab singhinte commander. mosham kaalaavasthayude prathyaaghaathangalaal budhimuttunna sorawar singhinte pracharanam thaklaakottil (purang) paraajayappedukayum singh kollappedukayum cheythu. tibattanmaar pinneedu ladakkilekku munneri. gulab singh thante anantharavan jawahir singhinte neethrthwathil sainyathe ayachu. thudarnnu 1842ll chushulinaduthundaaya yuddham tibattan paraajayatthilekku nayichu. 1842ll "munkalavastha" nilanirthikkondu oru udambadi oppuvachu.
pashchaathalam.
ladak vyapaaram.
pathonpathaam noottaandil, turkistan, tibatt ennividangalilekku vyaapicha vyapara paathakalude kendramaayirunnu ladak. tibattumaayulla vyapaaram niyanthrikkunnath 1684leeii tingmosgang udambadiyiloodeyaanu, athiloode tibattil uthppaadippikkunna pashmina kambili sweekarikkaan ladakinu prathyeka avakashamundaayirunnu. lokaprashasthamaaya kashmeer shall vyavasaayathin athinte pashm kambili vitharanam ladaakkil ninnaan labhichathu.
rashtreeya anthareeksham.
1800kalude thudakkathil kashmeer thaazhvarayum sameepathulla jammu pradeshavum sikh saamraajyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu. ennaal sikh rajaavaaya maharaja ranjith singhinte maranashesham kashmeerinteyum chuttupaadukaludeyum niyanthranam ettedukkaan svayam sajjanaayirunna raaja gulab singhinte bharanathin keezhil jammuvile dograkal phalatthil svayambharanaadhikaaramullavaranu. 1834-ll gulab singh thante ettavum kazhivulla generalum kishtwar govarnorumaaya sorawar singhine jammuvinum tibatt athirthikkum edayilulla ellah pradeshangaludeyum niyanthranam ettedukkaan ayachu. 1840 aayappozhekkum ladak baltistan sikh saamraajyathinte aadhipathyathin vidheyamaayi dogra niyanthranatthilaayi.
akkaalat indian upabhookhandathile pradhana shakthiyaayirunnu britiish eest india kambani. afghan janathaykkethiraya vilapetta sakhyakakshiyayi sikh saamraajyathe athu valarthiyeduthuvenkilum tibattumaayulla swantham pashmina vyaapaarathinum avarkk padhathikalundaayirunnu. sorawar singhinte ladak keezhadakkal tibatt vyaapaarathile kashmiri-ladaki kuthaka thakarkkukayum tibattan pashmina kambili britiish pradeshathekku praveshikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. kuthaka veendedukkaan gulab singh sorawar singh tibattilekku thirinju.
pathinettaam noottaandinte arambham muthal tibatt maanchuvinte neethrthwathilulla kwing raajavamshathinte aadhipathyathilaayirunnu. tibattinte kaaryangalekkurichu report cheyyaan laasayile staattiyoyind aayirunnu oru kwing amban (resident).
tibatt adhinivesham.
sorawar singh, dogra coor ulla ladaakkikal, baalttikal, kishthwaarikal ennivaradangiya 4,000 sainikare nayichu. tibattan kanakkukal prakaram 6,000 purushanmarayirunnu. sikh sainyam thokkukalum peerankikalum upayogichu aayudhaarikalaayirunnappol tibattukaar kooduthalum villukalum vaalukalum kunthangalumaayirunnu.
sorawar singh thante sainyathe moonnu divisionukalaayi vibhajichu, onnu roopshu, hanley vazhi, onnu indus thaazhvarayiloode thashigaangilekkum (jhaxigang) mattonn pangong thadaakatthiloode rudokkilekkum (rutog) ayachu. aadyathe rund samghangal hanley, tashigang ennividangalile buddha sanyaasimadangal kollayadichu. sorawar singhinte neethrthwathil moonnaam division rudock pidichedukkukayum pinneedu thekkott neengukayum mattu shaakhakalodoppam chernnu gartokkine akramikkukayum cheythu.
appozhekkum tibattan athirthi udyogasthar lasaykku munnariyipp nalkiyirunnu. kaabinat mantri pelhaninte neethrthwathil tibattan sarkkar oru senaye ayachu. athesamayam, sorawar singh neppaal athirthikkaduthulla gartock thaklakode (burang) pidichedutthu. thaklakottile tibattan generalinu pattanam pidichedukkaan kazhiyaathe varikayum padinjaaran, madhya tibatt athirthiyaaya mayaam layilekk pinvaangukayum cheythu.
1648leeii tingmosgang udambadikku munbu prayogichirunna mayaam paas (yadhaarthathil nagari ennu vilikkappedunna) vare padinjaaran tibattilekkulla ladaakkinte charitraparamaaya avakaashavaadangal sorawar singh abhyarthichu.
pidicheduttha ellah kottakalum kaaval nilkkukayum pradhana seena manasasarovar thadaakathinu padinjaaru minsarinaduthulla theerthapuriyil paalayamirangukayum cheythu. adhinivesha pradeshangal bharikkunnathinayi bharanam roopeekarichu. nagariyile oru ladakhi enclavaaya minzar (mizar allengil menshi ennum ariyappedunnu) saadhanangal sambharikkaan upayogichirunnu.
1841 septambar 2nuu laasayile chainees amban chakravarty ariyichu
britiish, neppaal prathikaranangal.
ladaakkile dogra adhinivesham munbu britteeshukaarkk prayojanakaramaayirunnu. ladaakkile aswasthathakal tibattan shall kambili britiish aashrithathvamaaya bushahar naatturaajyathekku thirichuvidunnathinu kaaranamaayi. ennaal, ippol padinjaaran tibatt dogra keezhadakkiyathode eee vyapaaram thadassappettu. sorawar singhinte sainyathinte munnettam britteeshukaaril ninnu sikh saamraajyathile lahore darbarilekku sakthamaaya parathikalkk kaaranamaayi. bines thaazhvarayil britiish samrakshanathil sorawar singh bhottiyakalil ninnu nikuthi eedaakkukayaanennum reportund. ithu udan avasaanippikkanamennum ithinakam vilayiruthiya graamavaasikalkk nashtapariharam nalkanamennum britishukaar aavasyappettu.
kumavonilum garhwalilum britiish pradeshathe valanjirikkaavunna dograkalum neppaalikalum thammilulla laingika bandhatthinulla saadhyatha eee aashankakalilekku chertthu. ennaal atharamoru bandham yaadhaarthyamaayilla. neppaalikal ladakkikalodu anubhavam kaanikkukayum tibattanmaarumaayi bandham thudarukayum cheythu. thaklakote keezhadakkiya sesham avar sorawar singilekk oru dauthyam ayachenkilum athil ninnu kooduthalonnum purathuvannilla. dograkalude shaityakaala thamasam nirasikkapettu.
ennirunnaalum, britishukaar bhayapettu. tibattil ninnu sorawar singhine thirichuvilikkaan govarnor general sikhukalkku mail kanatha sammarddam cheluthukayum 1841 desember 10 samayaparidhi nischayikkukayum cheythu.
shaityakaala parajayam.
mathsyathozhilaalikal thudangiyavar. shaithyakaalam adukkumbol, tibattanmaarumaayi oru karar undakkaan kazhiyumenkil dograkal shakti pinvalikkaan athirallennu prasthaavikkuka. ennaal tibattukaarkk sweekarikkaan kazhiyaathavidham avar valare uyarnna aavasyangal unnayichathayi thonnunnu. britteeshukaarude aavasyangalodu lahore darbar prathikarikkukayum sorawar singhinode ladakkilekku madangaan utharavidukayum cheythathayi sukhdevu singh charak parayunnu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, sorawar singh "advanced posttukalil" ninnum britiish athirthiyil ninnum udyogasthareyum sinikareyum pinvalikkukayum manju neekkiya sesham backie pinvalikkal nadathumennu vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. britteeshukaare samaadhaanippikkunnathinaayi nadatthiya eee sainika neekkangal sorawar singhinte sthaanathe durbalappeduthiyennu charak abhipraayappedunnu. 
novemberil ganyamaaya thothil tibattan sainyathe vinyasichu. alexander kanningham 10,000 sainikare kanakkakki. mayaam churam manjil moodappettirunnuvenkilum sainyam matsang vazhi athine marikadannu. kadinamaaya poraattatthinu sesham 1841 november 9nuu thaklakote thirichupidichu. dogra ashayavinimaya lineukal vichedikkaan ditaachmentukal ayachu. sorawar singh ayacha rahasyaanveshana dauthyangal nasippikkappettu.
oduvil, thaklakote thirichupidikkaanulla oru samboornna prachaaranatthil ellaam apakadappeduthaan sorawar singh theerumaanichu. moonnaazhchayolam anishchithathvathilaanu poraattam nadannathu. thaklakottile tibattan senayude vitharana lineukal vettikkuraykkanulla shramathil, sorawar singhinte sainyam minsaaril ninnu oru vashathekku, karnali nadiyude mukalbhaagathu march cheyyukayum kardungil (curdum) thambadikkukayum cheythu. thaklakottinu alppam vadakku doow-yoo enna sthalathu vitharana line thadayaan uddeshichirunnathaayi tibattukaar kanakkakki. yudhakkalathil ninnulla tibattan report anusaricha
yudhathil sorawar singhinu parikkettenkilum addeham vaal upayogichu yuddham thudarnnu. tibattan sainikar addehathe shirachhedam cheythu. munnooru dogra sainikar yudhathil kollappedukayum ezhunooriladhikam perr pidikkappedukayum cheythu. bakkiyullavar ladakkilekku oodippoyi. tibattukaar avare lehil ninnu oru divasathe yaathrayaaya dumra (nubra thaazhvara, orupakshe durbook) vare pinthudarnnu, avide avar paalayamirangi.
ladaakkile tibattan adhinivesham.
saino-tibattan sainyam pinneedu dograkalude mattu gaarisanukale shekharikkukayum ladakkilekku munnerukayum cheythu, ippol athu keezhadakkaanum saamraajyathva chainees aadhipathyathilekku cherkkanum theerumaanichu. ennirunnaalum, mehta basthi raaminte keezhilulla sainyam aazhchakalolam chii-taangil uparodham nerittu, 240 aalukalumayi himalayangal kadannu britiish posttaaya almorayilekku rakshapettu. ladakkinullil sino-tibattan sainyam leh uparodhichu, diwan hurry chandinum vaseer ratnuvinum keezhilulla sainikar jammuvil ninnu ethi avare pinthirippichu. dograkal nadiyil anakkett nirtthiyappol daangtseyile tibattan kottakal vellathinadiyilaayi. thuranna maitanath, chainakkareyum tibattankaareyum chushulilekku pinthudarnnu. sushul yudhathil (1842 august) vijayicha dograkal sorawar singhinte maranathinu prathikaram cheiyunnathinaayi tibattan sainyathinte generaline vadhichu.
samadhana udambadi.
1842 septambar 17nuu lehil dograkalum tibattanmaarum thammil oru samadhana udambadi oppuvaykkukayum nottukal kaimarukayum cheythu.
dograkal nalkia elavukal ulkkollunna tibattan nottu gulab singhinte prathinidhikalkk kaimari. tibattan elavukalekkurichu vivarikkunna pershyan kuripp tibattan udyogastharkku samarppichu. ladak charithrangalilum eee padangal thaazhepparayunna reethiyil samgrahichittundu. ladak sikh saamraajyavumaayi kootticherkkappettathi tibatt thiricharinju. sikh saamrajyam padinjaaran tibattinulla purathana ladaakhi avakaashavaadam upekshichu. irupakshavum avarudethaaya pradesangalkkullil thanne thudarum. dvivatsara lopchak dauthyangal munbatheppole thanne thudarum. ladaki vyaapaarikalkk rudock, gartock, tibattile mattu sthalangal ennividangalilekku yaatra cheyyaanum chaang thaangil ninnulla tibattan vyaapaarikalkk ladakkilekku pookaan anuvaadavumundaakum.
ladak tibattum thammilulla "pazhayathum sthaapithavumaaya athirthikal" maanikkappedumennum kurippukalude grandhangal prasthaavikkunnu. ladaki rajaavinum raajnjikkum samaadhaanaparamaayi thamasikkaan anuvadikkendathaayirunnu, koodaathe dvivatsara lopchak dauthyangal dogra bharanathekkaal lasayilekku ayaykkunnath ladaki rajaavaanu. rund pradeshangalum thammilulla ellah vyapaaravum "pazhayathum sthaapithavumaaya aacharam" anusarichaanu nadathendathu.
1960kalil saino-indian athirthi tharkkatthinte pashchaathalatthil eee udambadi charcha cheyyappettu. ladak tibattum thammilulla athirthi orikkalum verthirikkappettillettil chainees vaadathe prathirodhikkaan indian sarkkar eee udambadi upayogichu. pazhayathum sthaapithavumaaya athirthikale" paraamarshikkunnath athirthi verthirikkappettuvenna ardhamaakkunnathu ennathaanu indian nilapad. athinte paridhi nischayichittundenkum india avakaashappedunna athirthikku thulyamaanennathinu oru urappumillennu chainakkar vaadichu.

