romaniayile saksharatha

randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbu, europile ettavum thaazhnna nirakkukalil onnaanu romaniayile saaksharata nirakk. 1930-ll, aadyathe audyogika sensus samayat, ezhu vayassinu mukalilulla janasamkhyayude 38 sathamaanathiladhikam nirakshararayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu ekadesham 18 dasalaksham varunna motham janasamkhyayil 50 sathamaanam sthreekalkkum 25 sathamaanathiladhikam purushanmarkkum vaayikkano ezhuthaano ariyillaayirunnu. janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum thaamasichirunna graamapradesangalil niraksharatha nirakk ithilum kooduthalaanennu kanakkaakkappettirunnu. school praayathilulla kuttikal schoolil chernnillenkilo avar pathivayi klaasukalil haajaraakaathirunnenkilo aayirunnu saaksharathayude abhaavathinte pradhana kaaranagal. patanam poortthiyaakkaathe school vittatho nirbandhithamaaya aadya naalu klaasukal maathram poortthiyaakkiyatho aaya kuttikalil oru valia sathamaanam muthirnnavarude jeevithathil niraksharathayilekku thirichupoyi.
kammyoonistukaar adhikaarathil vannappozhekkum saaksharathayude anupatham kurachumaathram vardhichirunnuvenkila athu kuravaayirunnu. kuravaayirunnu 1948num idayil party sarkkarum vipuleekaricha vidyaabhyaasa avasarangalkk oonnal nalkiyathu nirakshararude ennathil ganyamaaya kuravundaakki ("roman saaksharata kaambayin kaanuka"). vividha peeples kaunsilukal raajyathudaneelam klaasukal samghadippikkukayum entolment vardhippikkunnathinaayi dridanishchayathode oru pracharanam nadathukayum cheythu. eee kozhsukalil bhooribhaagavum rund varsham neenduninnu, pathiv adhyaapakarum saksharathayulla sannadhapravarthakarum aazhchathorum nadatthi; vijayakaramaya poorttheekaranam naalu varshathe praadhamika schoolil ninnulla birudatthinu thulyamaayi audyogikamaayi kanakkakkappettu.
eee shramangalude falamaayi, falamaayi sensus saaksharathaanirakkil mothatthilulla vardhana 90 shathamaanamaayi kaanichu. eee sensus prakaram, niraksharatha ippozhum graamapradesangalilum sthreekalkkidayilum kendreekarichirunnu. saksharatha kozhsukal 1958 avasaanathode vare thudarnnu. thudarnnu paashchaathya janasamkhyaashaasthranjar niraksharatha ganyamaayi kuranjuvenkilum, janasamkhyayile prayamaaya vibhaagangalkkidayil, prathyekichu raajyathinte vidoora pradeshangalil ithu ippozhum nilaninnirunnuvennu karuthunnu.

