aantoyin dii poons

250 kuleenamaaya kottakalum 52 edavakakalum ulla chaarant-maaridaim sentsinu sameepamulla ponsinte paarambarya sarr aayirunnu kaundu oof maarans (1510-1580). addeham oleeron dveepile (ail dii oleeron) baaranaya maaransinte kaundaayirunnu, fraansil mattu bhoomikalum undaayirunnu. addeham saandonginteyum vishudharudeyum gavarnaraayirunnu.
dii poninte naadan hugunot kottaarathinu anuyojyamaaya oru otappetta pradeshamaayirunnu santong. huganote abhayaarthikal eee pradeshathekku vannu. 1560 oode mathavidveshangal saadhaaranamaayirunna oru mathaparavum kalaparavumaaya kendramaayi ithu maari.
italiyile ferrara kottaaratthil palappozhum undaayirunna oru franch sainika, rashtreeya rajakeeya ejantaayirunnu dii poons. aanne dii paartheneyumaayulla addehathinte vivaham avarude sambathu, manavikatha, matham enniva kaaranam dambathikalude antass swaadheenavum shakthippeduthunnathin kaaranamaayi.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1510ll chaarant-maaridaim enna poons enna oru aristokratik kudumbathilaanu aantoyin dii poons janichathu.
vivaham.
1534ll poons aanne dii parthene vivaham kazhichu. avarude vivaham poons kudumbatthe maikkal dii souboninteyum jeane-larsevesk-paartheneyudeyum kudumbavumaayi onnippichu, ithu avarude sambathum prasasthiyum kaaranam rund kudumbangaleyum kodathiyil kooduthal swaadheenamullathaakki. vadakkan italiyile venissumaayum chuttupaadukalumaayum iruvarkkum bandhamundaayirunnu.
luis pathinaaraamante bharyayaaya aan oof brittaniyude bahumanyayaaya sthreeyaaya mishel dii souboninte makalaaya oru budhimaanaaya sthreeyaayirunnu aan. 1528 muthal 1536 vare ferrarayude dutches aaya raaja dambathikalude makal renaattayude governous aayirunnu avarude amma. paartthane nannayi vidyaabhyaasam nediyirunnuvennum avarude jeevacharithrathil "mahanaaya prathibhayudeyum padanathinteyum sthree" ennu visheshippichittundu.
paarthaneye vivaham kazhichappol, thiruvezhuthukalaal nayikkappedunna sathyathinteyum sadgunathinteyum jeevitam nayikkukayum padippikkukayum cheytha oru vishishta neethaavaayirunnu aantoyin. paartheneyude maranashesham addehathinte manobhaavam maari. kottaaratthile santhoshavathiyaaya sthreeyaaya maari dii monchenuvine vivaham kazhicha sesham addeham "sathyathinte sathruvum peedanakariyum" aayi. protestantisavumaayul bandham addeham upekshichu. addeham mathaparivarthanam nadathiyathil chilare ithu aswastharaakki. ennirunnaalum, 1580-ll bernard palise thante 'discoors prashamsaneeyamaayava' enna pusthakam dii ponsinu samarppichu, athil addeham 'ningalude manassinte mikavine' prashamsikkukayum jyothishathekkurichum thathwachinthayekkurichum ganithathekkurichum padikkukayum cheythu. vishudhagrandhangal vaayikkunnathiloode sarikkum labham nediya sadgunathinteyum sathyathinteyum "amachwar" aayirunnu dii poons ennu franch thathwachinthakanaaya theodor besa prasthaavichu."addehathinte bhaarya aanne pothuve thathwachinthakar randuperil kooduthal prashasthayaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu.
currier.
chaarant-maaridaim mekhalayile vishudharkku sameepamulla ponsinte paarambarya sarr aayirunnu aantoyin dii poons. addehathinte deshangalil 250 kuleena saamrajyangalum 52 allengil 102 edavakakalum undaayirunnu. akkaalat ponsile kotta durbalamaaya oru shakthikendramaayirunnu. addehathinte kudumbatthinteyum adhehathinteyum anthass kaaranam addehathinte jeevithathil addehathinte kaivashamulla vasthukkal akramikkappettilla. addeham oleeron dveepile (ail dii oleeron) baaranaya maaransinte kaundum fraansile mattu bhoomikalude udamayumaayirunnu. dii poons saandonginteyum seyintsinteyum gavarnaraayirunnu. vyapara pattanangalil ninnum thante kaivashamulla uppukannukalil ninnum addeham varumanam nedi. naadan" ennu ariyappedunnathum vadakkan italiyude swaadheenamullathumaaya dii poons hugunot kottaarathinu anuyojyamaaya oru otappetta pradeshamaayirunnu santong. bernard palisiyum berton pole huganote abhayaarthikalum eee pradeshathekku vannu. 1560ll mathavirudhatha saadhaaranamaayirunna oru mathaparavum kalaparavumaaya kendramaayi ithu maari. dii ponsum parthen paalisiyude rakshaadhikaarikalaayirunnu.
vadakkan italiyile franchukaarude rajakeeya sainika, rashtreeya ejantaayirunnu aantoyin dii poons. addeham pathivayi ferrara rajasabha sandarshikkaarundaayirunnu. thiruvezhuthukalaal nayikkappedunna sathyathinteyum sadgunathinteyum jeevitam nayikkukayum padippikkukayum cheytha oru vishishta neethaavaayirunnu poons.
dii poons parishudhaathmaavinte kramatthil naitt padavi nediyirunnu, raajakudumbamaaya maisan duu royiyile 100 maanyanmaarude captanaayirunnu. addeham fraansile francis onnaaman raajaavinte bedchaamarinte offeesarum ejantumaayirunnu, addeham dii ponsine sent oordaril amgamaakki. maikkal. franch kodathiyil addeham oru priyappetta vyakthiyaayirunnu.
renee, ferrarayude dutches.
dii ponsum bharya ferrarayile dutches reniyude suhruthukkalum vishwastharumaayirunnu. renee dii ponsine thante "sarvant-naitt" aayi kanakkakki, aval aakarshakavum sradhayullavanum aakarshakanumayi kandethi. avalude itaaliyan bandhukkal dii poons duchessinu valare anuyojyamaanennu karuthukayum avane kottaaratthil ninnu verpeduthaan aagrahikkukayum cheythu. estte, borjia rakthathil ninnu janicha duke oru dauthyathinaayi dii ponsine ayachappol iruvareyum verthirichu, parthene reniykkoppam ferrarayil thudarnnu. dii ponsum reniyum parasparam ezhuthunna nirakk ishtappedaathe avarude mikka kathukalum thadanjunirtthi. dii poons ferrarayilekku madangiyethiyappol, duke thante bharya italiyile emilia-romagnayilulla consandoloyilekku ayachu.

