
maanchastar rakthasakshikal

1867ll englandile maanchasttaril oru police vaanin nereyundaaya aakramanathethudarnnu oru police udyogasthane abadhathil vedivachukonnathinethur vadha shikshaykk vidheyaraakkappetta moonnu pere-vilyam philipp aalan, maikkal larkin, maikkal obriyaan ennivare soochippikkaan airish desheeyavaadikal upayogikkunna padamaanu "maanchastar rakthasakshikal" (), akkaalat "maanchastar prakopanam" ennu ariyappettirunna oru sambhavam. 
irelandile britiish bharanam avasaanippikkunnathinaayi samarppichirikkunna samghadanayaaya phenians ennum ariyappedunna airish republican saahodaryathile amgangalaayirunna moovarum, arasttilaaya rund sahodaranethaakkalaaya thomas jeey. kelly timothy deesee, tuu bele vuu gavol. 
thacol upayogichu akathekku yaatra cheytha police sarjant chaals brettu, aakramanakaarikal poottu vedivachu vaathil nirbandhichu thurakkaan shramichappol vaaninte keeholiloode nokkunnathinidayil vediyettu kollappettu. 
vaanil undaayirunna mattoru thadavukaaran brettinte shareerathil ninnu thacol eduthu oru ventilation grilliloode purathulla samghathinu kaimaariyathinethudarnnu kelly dc vittayachu; vipulamaaya thirachil nadathiyittum eee dambathikale orikkalum thirichupidichilla.
aakramanathil pankedutthathaayi alanum larkinum sammathichenkilum, prathikalaarum marakamaaya vediyuthirthathaayi aaropikkappettitla, ennaal kolapaathakatthil avasaanicha oru criminal samrambhathil pankedutthathinu "samyuktha samrambham" ennathinte adisthaanathil avare shikshichu. ennirunnaalum, oru pramukha airish charithrakaaran eee vichaaranaye "thripthikaramallaathathum" thelivukal "samshayaaspadavum" ennu visheshippichittundu. 
thomas magware, edward oo 'magger kondan ennee mattu rund perkkethire brettinte kolapaathakatthil kuttam chumathukayum kuttakkaaraanennu kandethukayum cheythu, ennaal avarude vadhasiksha raddaki-oo' magger kondans american sarkkaarinte madhyasthathayiloode (addeham oru american pouranaayirunnu), magware, kaaranam addehathinethire nalkia thelivukal kodathi thripthikaramallennu kanakkakki. 1867 november 23 nuu salford gaavolinte mathilil nirmmicha oru thaalkkaalika ghadanayil alan, larkin, oo 'bryan ennivare pothusthalathu thookkikkonnu, 8,000-10,000 aalukalude munnil.
vadhasikshayodu ireland veruppodeyum roshathodeyum prathikarikkukayum alan, larkin, oo 'bryan ennivare rashtreeya rakthasakshikalaayi prashamsikkukayum cheythu. ayarlandiludaneelam vaarshika anusmaranangal nadakkukayum niravadhi airish pattanangalil smarakangal nirmmikkappedukayum cheythu. dutyil kollapetta aadyathe maanchastar sitti police offeesaraaya brait, sent aans palliyile oru smaarakathil anusmarikkappedunnu.
pashchaathalam.
1603ll onpathu varshathe yuddham avasaanichathumuthal ireland muzhuvan britiish bharanathin keezhilaayirunnu. 1858 march 17nuu jaims steefans oru swatantra janaadhipathya republic sthaapikkukayenna lakshyathode airish republican saahodaryam (aii. aarr. bii) sthaapichu. oru kalapa goodaalochanayalla, marichu oru viplavakaramaaya saahodarya samghadanayaayirunnu irb; janangalkk republicanmaaraakunnathi munbu irelandil oru "samagramaya saamoohika viplavam" aavasyamaanennu steefans vishwasichu. 1858ll newyorkkil joonn oo 'mahoni, prathyakshatthil airbinte american vibhaagam, aanu phenian saahodaryam sthaapichathu. 1865 aayappozhekkum aii. aarr. bii. yill 100,000 amgangalundaayirunnuvennu metropolittan brittanil idaykkide akramangal nadathivarikayaayirunnuvennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. maanchasttarile airish samooham janasamkhyayude 10 sathamaanathiladhikam varum, oru samakaalika kanakk prakaram nagarathinullil thamasikkunna feniyanmaarudeyum phenian anubhaavikaludeyum ennam 50,000 aanu.
1867-ll britiish bharanathinethire oru sayudha prakshobham aarambikkaan feniakkaar thayyaaredukkukayaayirunnu, pakshe avarude padhathikal adhikaarikalkk ariyukayum prasthaanatthinte neethrthwathile niravadhi pradhana amgangal arastilaavukayum shikshikkappedukayum cheythu. randuper poleesine ozhivaakkunnathil vijayichu, thomas jeey. kelly timothy deesiyum irelandil ninnu brittanilekku yaatra cheyyukayum parajayappetta kalaapathinte pashchaathalatthil avideyulla phenian grouppukalude manoveeryam punasamghadippikkaanum uyarthanum sramikkukayum cheythu. american aabhyantharayudhathil vishishtathayode poraadiya airish amerikkakkaaraayirunnu iruvarum-kellie kenal rank nediyathum kyapttante rank nediyathum-iruvarum parajayappetta prakshobhatthil pradhana punk vahichirunnu; kelliye oru rahasya republican kanvenshanil airish republicinte cheef executive aayi prakhyaapichirunnu, koodaathe deesee kaundi korkkile oru phenian brigadine neethrthwam nalki.
1867 septambar 11 nuu pularche, oru kada kollayadikkaan padhathiyittuvennu samshayichu shudehillile ookku streettil olichirikkunna rund pere police arast cheythu. iruvarkkumethire vagransi act prakaram kuttam chumatthi kasttadiyiledutthu. airish poleesile sahapravarthakar avare kelly deesiyumaanenn thirichariyunnathuvare maanchastar poleesinu avarude identittiyekkurichu thudakkathil ariyillaayirunnu.
rakshikkuka.
1867 septambar 18 nuu, kelly deesiyum kodathiyil ninnu gortenile hyde roadile belle view gavalilekku mattappettu. avare kaivilangidukayum 12 kuthirasavaari poleesukaarude oru squad akambadiyode oru police vaaninullil rund vyathyastha compartmentukalil poottukayum cheythu. vaanil aarr thadavukaar undaayirunnu oru parishkaranasamghathilekku kondupookunna 12 vayassulla aankutti, thinmakalkk sikshikkappetta moonnu sthreekal, rund fenianmar. athu oru railway kamaanathinadiyiloode kadannupokumbol, oraal roadinte madhyathilekku chaadi, driverk nere pisttal choondukayum nirthaan parayukayum cheythu. oresamayam, ekadesham aii. dii. 1 purushanmaarude oru samgham roadinte vashathulla oru mathililoode chaadi, vaane valayukayum kuthirakale pidikoodukayum cheythu, athil onnu avar vedivachu. police vaaninu nereyulla akramanam samghadippicha nirayudha poleesine "maanchastar senayude neelavum cheruthum kozhuppum melinjathumaaya oru vividha koottam" ennu ooo 'magger kondan visheshippichu; avar cheria prathirodham vaagdaanam cheyyukayum taamasiyaathe oodippookukayum cheythu.
rakshaasena, haachettukal, sledgehamerukal, kakkakal enniva upayogichu vaan thurakkaan shramichenkilum parajayappettathine thudarnnu, thadavukaarkkoppam vaaninullilundaayirunna police sarjant brettine vaathil thurakkaan vilichu. brettu visammathichu, athinaal rakshaakarthaakkalil oraal thante revolver vaaninte keyhol poottu pottikkaan vaykkukayum, brettu keeholiloode nokki purathu enthaanu sambhavikkunnathenn nokkukayum cheythu. vediyunda addehathinte kanniloode thalachorilekku kadannukayari addehathe konnu. vanita thadavukaaril oraal brettinte pokkattil ninnu thacol eduthu ventilettariloode purathulla feniacarc kaimariyappol vaathil thurakkapettu, ithu kelly durbalar rakshappedaan anuvadichu. praadeshikamaayi "maanchastar autraajas" ennu ariyapetta oru sambhavathil dutyil vachu kollapetta aadyathe maanchastar police offeesaraayirunnu brettu.
anweshanam.
akkaalat maanchasttarile oru phenian pradeshamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna kelly dc avarude rakshaasamghangal aankottukalilekku kondupoyathaayi police samshayichu. ellah theruvukalileyum oru veettil dambathikalkku abhayam nalkunnundennu anjjaatha kathukal aaropichirunnu, ennaal parisarathu raid nadatthiya 50 sayudha police olivil poyavarude lakshanangalonnum kandethiyilla. oru thozhilaalliyude sharashari vaarshika varumaanathinte ezhiratti thulyamaaya 300 poundu prathiphalam adhikrithar vaagdaanam cheythittum, kellio deesio thirichupidichilla. times" pathratthinte november 14-leeii pathippil prasidheekaricha oru lekhanathil avar livarpoolilekku poyathaayum avide ninnu newyorkkilekku pookunna kappalil yaatra cheythathaayum report cheythu.
police maanchasttarile airish kwaarttezhsil raid nadathukayum "eathaandu kramarahithamayi thiranjeduttha dussen kanakkinu prathikale" praadeshika majistrettumaarude munbil konduvarikayum cheythu; maanchasttarile airish janathayude "bheekarathayude bharanam" ennaanu reydukale visheshippichirikkunna. arastilaayavaril thomas magwire enna avadiyilulla oru yuva rajakeeya navikanum police vaanin nereyundaaya aakramanathinu sameepathundaayirunna airish pouranumaayirunnu. sakthamaaya airish uchaaranamulla oraal majistrettukalkku keezhadanguka enna poleesinte theekshnatha "oru phenian enna nilayil njaan pookunnidatthellaam veendum veendum arast cheyyappedunnathil ninnu ennethanne rakshikkanulla eaka maarggamaayi" aayirunnu.
prathibaddhamaaya nadapadikal.
1867 septambar 27nuu 28 prathikalkkethire "pradhamadrishtyaa" cases undo ennu sthaapikkaan majistrettinu munnil kuttakrithya nadapadikal kettu. raajyadroha prasamgangal nadathiyathinu rund varsham jayilil kazhinja chaarttist nethaavu ernest johnsum prathirodha abhibhaashakarude samghathil ulppettirunnu. pii. onpathu purushanmaare prathinidheekarikkunnathini oru prathirodha fundilekku varikkar phees nalkia roberttukal. kondanineyum obrianeyum prathinidheekarikkunna johns, prathikalkk kaivilangukal earppeduthiyathinaal udan thanne kodathiyumaayi ettumutti, "niraparaadhikalaanennu niyamam karuthunna purushanmaare rund vettakkaareppole orumichu kodathiyilekku konduvarendathu neethinirvahanathinu apakeerthikaramaanennu thonnunnu."kodathimuriyil niravadhi sainikarude saannidhyathe johns ethirthu, thadavukaarude kaivilangukal neekkam cheyyaan majistrettu visammathichappol addeham kodathimuriyil ninnu" "naadakeeyamaayi march cheythu" "ennu paranju" "baar amgamenna nilayil police majistrettine marikadakkunna oru kodathiyilum irikkaan njaan visammathikkunnu"... prathirodhavumaayi munnott pookunnathiloode enikku baarine apamanikkaan kazhiyilla."
police vaanil akramanam nadakkumbol thangal mattevideyengilum undaayirunnuvennu saakshyappeduthunna sakshikal thangalkkundennu allen, larkin annivarozhikeyulla rund prathikalum avakashappettu. thadavukaare (kelly durbalar) thettayi thadavilakkiyathinaal rakshappeduthal niyamavirudhamallennum "manushyajeevan baliyarppikkaan uddeshichirunnilla" ennum niravadhi thokkukalum niravadhi vediyundakalum undaayirunnittum orotta maranam maathramaan ithinu thelivennum prathibhagam vaadichu. ennirunnaalum, thadavukaaril 26 pere adutha parisodhanayil oru jadjiyudeyum jooriyudeyum munbaake vichaaranaykk ayachu; "thripthikaramallaatha thirichariyal" kaaranam randupere vittayachu.
vichaarana.
1867 october 28nuu justice blackbaninteyum justice mellorinteyum munnil nadapadikal aarambhichu. aadya divasam thanne irupathiyaaru perr oru grand juric munnil kodathiyil hajaraayi, athil ellah prathikalkkumethire kolapathakam, kuttakrithyam, duracharam ennivaykku "pradhamadrishtyaa" cases undennu kandethi. alan, larkin, gauldu (oo 'bryan), shoar (kondan), magwire ennee anchu "pradhana kuttavaalikal"kkethire oru kuttatthinu keezhil kuttam chumathaan theerumaanichu. athinaal pittennu avarude vichaarana aarambhichappol, avaril aarum marakamaaya vediyuthirthillenkilum avare kodathimuriyilekku thirike konduvannu. ennirunnaalum, pothu uddeshya "samyuktha samrambham" enna engleesh niyama thathwathinte nibandhanakal prakaram, oru padhathi nadappilaakkunnathil ninnu ozhukunnathellaam pankedukkunna ellaavareyum utharavaadikalaakki-thadavukaare mochippikkaanulla shramathil thangal pankaalikalaanennu alanum larkinum sammathichu.
19 vayassulla oru marappanikkaaranaayirunnu alan; larkin oru thayyalkkaranaayirunnu, samghathile eaka vivahita amgamaayirunnu, avarkk anchu kuttikalundaayirunnu. american aabhyantharayudhathil poraadiya ooo 'bryan kaundi korkkil ninnulla 30 kaaranaya shope asisttantaayirunnu. korkkil janicha 32 vayassulla ooo 'magger kondanum american aabhyanthara yudhathil union pakshatthinaayi pooraadiyirunnu. 10 varsham sevanamanushtikkukayum avadhiyil veettilekku madangukayum cheytha thomas magwire oru rajakeeya naavikanayirunnu.
bharanavarggangale pidichadakkiya oru nindyamaaya paribhraanthiyude ulppannamaaya "engleesh gavanmentinu aazhathilullathum shaashvathavumaaya apamaanamaayi" visheshippicha theevra britiish vaarikayaaya "reynolds pathram" "" irish virudha unmaadathinte anthareeksham "" ennu visheshippicha samayathaan vichaarana nadannathu. ellah prabhukkanmaril ninnum prathikaaratthinte oru nilavili purappeduvichittundum enthengilum thelivukal labhikkunnathin munbu thadavukaarude kuttam anumaanikkukayum avarude vadhasiksha aavasyappedukayum cheythuvennum athil parayunnu. airish charithrakaaran eph. ezz. ell. 1970kalil ezhuthiya leons, "thripthikaramallaatha oru vichaaranaykkum, kuranjathu samshayaaspadamaaya thelivukalude adisthaanathilum" eee purushanmaare shikshichathayi paranju. aduthide, eee sambhavangale "aakasmikamaaya kolapathakam, pothujana paribhranthi, kimvadanthikal pracharippikkal, vipulamaaya vichaarana" enningane visheshippichittundu...oppam neethiyude oru paraajayathekkurichulla neendunilkkunna samshayangalum."
anchaam divasam vaikunneram 6.15 nuu juurii viramikkukayum vaikunneram 7.30 nuu madangukayum anchu prathikalil oororutharkkum kuttabodham vidhikkukayum cheythu. shiksha vidhikkunnathin munbu enthengilum parayaanundo ennu chodichappol, sikshikkappettavaril palarum samapana prasangam nadatthi. thante niraparaadhithvam, sarjant brettinte maranathil khedikkunnuvennum ennaal "republican thathwangaleyum adichamarthappetta adimakaludeyum swaathanthryatheyum samrakshikkunnathil abhimaanathodeyum vijayathodeyum marikkaan" thaan thayyaranennum alan paranju.
thanikk nyayamaaya vichaarana labhichuvennum thante abhibhaashakan thante prathirodhatthinaayi aavunnathellam cheythuvennum larkin paranju. addeham ingane paranju avasaanippichu "athinaal njaan daivathinte kaarunyathilekku nokkunnu. ente jeevan apaharicha ellaavarodum daivam shamikkatte. njaan marikkunna oru manushyanayathinaal, njaan avarodu hridayathinte adithattil ninnu kshamikkunnu. daivam avarodu shamikkatte."
thanikkethire nalkia ellah thelivukalum thettaanennum oru american pouranenna nilayil addeham yuke kodathiyil vichaarana neridendathillennum oo 'bryan avakashappettu. thudarnnu addeham irelandile "mandanmaarum svechaadhipathikalumaaya bharanadhikaarikalaaya" britiish gavanmentine, thante paraamarshangal avasaanippikkaan jadjiyodu abhyarthicha jadji thadassappeduthunnathuvar apalapichu "ningalude nireekshanangalude eaka phalam shiksha pariganikkendavarumaayi ningalkkethire parayuka ennathaanu. atharam karyangal kooduthalonnum parayaruthennu njaan ningalodu upadeshikkunnu. njaan athu cheiyunnathu poornnamaayum ningalude swantham nanmaykkaanu."
phenian lakshyathodulla theekshnathayil matellaa prathikaleyum marikadanna" "samayangal" "ooo 'meager kondante kodathiyile abhisambodhanayayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu". prasthaanatthinte vadakkupadinjaaran vibhaagathinte nethaavenna nilayil police vaanin nereyulla akramanam samghadippichathaayi addeham sammathichuvenkilum thaan orikkalum kalleriyukayo pisttal prayogikkukayo cheythitillennum njaan orikkalum [akramanam nadanna sthalathu] undaayirunnillennum avakashappettu... ellaam poornnamaayum vyaajamaan ". njaan englandinte kireedatthinethire enthengilum cheythirunnenkil, athu nishedhikkaan shramichirunnenkil njaan ennethanne apamaanikkumaayirunnu" ennu addeham thudarnnu paranju. prasamgatthinte avasaanathil addeham "irelandine rakshikkoo!", kappalile koottaalikal edutha oru nilavili.
alan, larkin, oo 'bryan, magwire, oo' magger kondan ennivarkku vadhasiksha vidhichu-akkaalat kolapaathakathinu anuvadichirunna oreyoru shiksha-shikshavidhi prakhyaapichathinu sesham veendum "irelandine rakshikkoo" ennu vilichuparanju. thomas magwayarinte kesil thadavukaare thirichariyukayum aakramanathinte munnirayil magwire aayirunnuvennu saakshyappeduthukayum cheytha saakshikalude thelivukal suthaaryamaayi thettaanenn theliyikkapettu. ithu 30-ladhikam engleesh reportermaar mapp nalkanamennu aabhyanthara secreteric abhyarthana ayaykkaan kaaranamaayi. magwayar shikshikkappedunnathinu vyapakamaaya samshayangal uyarnnathode addehathinu mapp nalkaanulla sammarddathinu sarkkar vazhangi. liss kurttisinte abhipraayathil, "magweyarinte kaaryatthil svayam nagnamaayi apakeerthippeduthiya" athe saakshikalude thelivukalude adisthaanathil shikshikkappettathinaal mattu nalupereyum thookkilettillennu palarum vishwasikkaan ithu kaaranamaayi. pramukha abhibhaashakar vadhasiksha nirthaan nadapadikramangaliloode shramichappol, joonn braitt, chaals bradlog, joonn stuvartt mill thudangiya pramukhar kshama abhyarthichu. ooo 'meager kondante shiksha vadhashikshayude thalennu kurachirunnu.
vadhasiksha.
1867 november 22 nuu vaikunneram salford gaavalinte mathilukalkk purathu ekadesham 1,000 aalukal othukoodi, pittennu raavile moonnu kuttavaalikalude pothu vadhashikshaykk saakshyam vahichu. jayilinte puram mathililoode puthiya bailey streettinu abhimukhamaayi nilatthinu mukalil thookkikkollaline pinthunaykkunnathinaayi oru plaattphom nirmmichirunnu. deensgateile jiinn kottaarangalum portable bear, coffey staalukalum kaanikalkk nannayi vitharanam cheythu. aaa purushanmaare paricharicha moonnu catholica purohithanmaaril oralaaya father gaad parayunnathanusarichu
eathenkilum tharatthilulla rakshaapravarthanathe niruthsaahappeduthaan adhikrithar valareyadhikam parishramichu. 72-aamath malayora pradeshavaasikalude oru dittaachmentum ettaamathe husaarukalude oru schwadron ulppedunna sainika saannidhyam vardhippichukondu 2,500-ladhikam saadhaarana, prathyeka poleesukaare jayililum parisaratthum vinyasichu. nagaratthilekkum purathekkumulla ellah gathagathavum nirtthivachu. "thookkikkollal nadannappozhekkum, raavile 8 manikk sesham, kazhinja raathriyilum athiraavileyum pole" janakkoottam shaanthavum chittayumullathumaayirunnu "ennu times pathram report cheythu.
vadhasiksha nadappaakkiya vilyam kaalkraaft pathonpathaam noottaandile ettavum prashasthanaayirunnu, ennaal thanikk labhicha bheeshanikal kaaranam feniyakkaare vadhikkunnathil addeham paribhraanthanaayirunnu. prathyekichum kazhivillaatha" vyakthiyaayirunna addeham "oro vyakthikkum thoongikkidakkunnathin aavashyamaaya kayarinte sariyaaya neelam kanakkakkaan kuprasidhanaayirunnu; maranam thidukkathil nadatthaan irayude kaalukal valikkaan addehathinu idaykkide chaaruthaykk thaazhe oodaan undaayirunnu". mikka vivaranangalum avakaashappedunnathu alan kazhuthu odinjathine thudarnnu thalkshanam marichuvennaanu, ennaal larkinum obriyanum athra bhagyavaanmaaraayirunnil. pithaav gaad report cheythathu
athe reethiyil ooo 'bryan ayaykkaan kaalkraafttine anuvadikkaan father gaad visammathichu, athinaal "marikkunna manushyante kaikal swantham kayyil pidichu nalla purohitan call manikkoorinte naalil moonnu bhagam muttukutthi, marikkunnavarkulla praarthanakal paarayanam cheythu. thudarnnu neenduninna vedana avasaanichu."
1868ll puthiya bailey jayil adachupoottumbol puthiya bailey jayil shmashaanathil moonnu perude mrithadehangal samskarikkukayum avide ninnu avare strengways jayil semitheriyilekku maattukayum cheythu. 1991ll vadikkappetta 63 peril avarude avashishtangalum ulppedunnu, punarnirmmaana pravarthanangalkku sesham aparichithamaaya vazhikalil ninnu purathedutthu maanchasttarile blackley semitheriyil samskarikkukayum punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu.
anantharafalangal.
mikka britiish pathrangalum "vegathilullathum karsanavumaaya prathikara" thinaayi aavasyappettathu, purushanmaar airish aayirunnathukond mathramalla, avar feniyanmaaraayirunnathukondu; "vadhashikshaykkulla pothujana aavasyam airish virudha vikaarathinte aavishkaaram mathramalla, marichu phenian paribhraanthiyudeyum arakshithaavasthayudeyum kramasamaadhaanathinaayulla aagrahathinteyum uthppannamaayirunnu."udaaharanathinu," "dainamdina telegraph", "brettinte maranathe" "ashleelavum bheeruthvapoornavumaaya kolapathakam" ennu visheshippikkunna samakaalikaril bhooribhaagatheyum pole, irelandile parishkaranatthe pinthunachuvenkilum "" sikshikkappetta feniyakkaare nalla manassaakshiyode thookkikkollaam, pakshe engleesh nayam kaaranam aaa thinmakal vyakthamaayi pariharikkukayum engleesh shakthiyude pinthunayode nilanilkkukayum venam "."
vadhasikshayodu ireland roshathodeyum roshathodeyum prathikarichu. alan, larkin, oo 'bryan ennivare rashtreeya rakthasakshikalaayi prashamsichu. vadhashikshaykk sheshamulla aazhchakalil irelandilum chila britiish nagarangalilum polum niravadhi shavasamskara ghoshayaathrakal nadannu, chilappol aayirakkanakkin aalukale aakarshichu. moonnu feniyakkaarkkulla pinthunayude eee prakadanangal britiish pothujanaabhipraayathe kooduthal prakopippikkukayum "airish dhaarmika dishaabodham enganeyo kendrathinu puratthaanenna nilavilulla vikaarathe shakthippeduthukayum cheythu". vadhasiksha lokamembaadumulla airish samoohangalkkidayil valia vikaaram srishtichu. udaaharanathinu, nyoosilandil, hokittika semitheriyile oru mookk shavasamskaarathethudarnn oru unnatha vichaaranayil ezhu pere niyamavirudhamaayi othukoodiyathinu shikshichu; ezhuperil randuper, oru pathradhiparum oru purohitan, raajyadrohaparamaaya apakeerthippeduthalin kuttam sammathichu, "raajnjiyude sarkkaarinekkurich valare ugramaaya lekhanangalude thudarchayaayi" prasidheekarichu."maanchastar rakthasaakshiyude shavasamskara ghoshayaathra nadathunnathu niyamavirudhamaanennu vaisar leagal sarkkar prakhyaapichu. irelandile janakkoottathiludaneelam, pothusamoohangal polum, eee moonnuperkkuvendiyaanne parayappedunnundengilum, keriyile bishop david morierty thante roopathayil avarkkayi kurbbana aaghoshikkunnathu nirodhichu. maruvashathu, thuvaamile aarch bishop joonn maachal avarkkayi oru uyarnna kurbanayil vyakthiparamayi sahayichu, dablinile kardinal aarch bishop pooll kallan, pothu aakhoshangale ethirkkumbol, maricha feniyakkaarkkaayi praarthikkaanum avarkkayi svakaaryamaayi kurbbana nadatthaanum purohithanmaarodu nirddeshichu.
vadhashikshaykk thottaduttha divasam frederic engals kaal marxinu ezhuthi
athinaal innale raavile torikal, misttar kaalkraafttinte sahaayathode, englandum ireland thammilulla verthirikkalinte avasana pravrithi poortthiyaakki. feniacarc appozhum kuravaayirunnathu rakthasaakshikalaayirunnu. derby jii hardy chernnaanu avaa nalkiyirikkunnath. moonninteyum vadhasiksha maathramaan kelliyudeyum decyudeyum vimochanathe veerochithamaaya kruthiyaakkiyathu, athu ippol irelandileyum englandileyum americayileyum thottililulla oro airish babic alapikkum... ente arivil, oru parishkritha rajyath samanamaaya oru kaaryathinu aarenkilum vadhashikshaykk vidheyaraakkappetta oreyoru samayam haarpezhs ferriyile joonn brouninte kesaayirunnu. feniacarc ithilum mikacha oru maathruka aagrahikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnilla. thekkekkaarkk jeey-yodu perumaranulla maanyathayundaayirunnu. oru vimathan enna nilayil braun, ivide oru rashtreeya shramathe oru pothu kuttakrithyamaakki maattaan ellaam cheyyappedunnu.
palappozhum parihasyamaaya shavasamskaarangalum aaveshakaramaaya prasamgangalum ulppedunna vaarshika anusmaranangal irupathaam noottaand vare irelandile pala pattanangalilum thudarnnu. gooad save ireland" enna gaanathinu prachodanamaaya "amran naa bhafian" ("sainikante gaanam") audyogikamaayi maattisthaapikkunnathuvar irelandinte anaudyogika desheeyagaanamaayi marria "gooad save ireland" enna gaanathinu prachodanamaayirunnu shikshikkappettavarude nilavili. chaals stuvartt paarnalinte "rashtreeya unarvil" avayude swaadheenathil vadhasiksha "kanakkaakkaanaavaatha" aayirunnu. patthu varshathinu sesham house oof komansil samsaaricha paarnal aaa sabhayodu paranju "maanchasttaril oru kolapaathakavum nadannuvennu njaan vishwasikkunnillennum orikkalum vishwasikkillennum enikku kazhiyunnathra nerittu parayaan njaan aagrahikkunnu."
smarakangal.
skibereen, kaundi cork, trally (kaundi kerry), limeric, kilrush (kaundi clair), klonmel (kaundi tipparari), tipparari taunn (kaundi tipparari), birr (kaundi oofaali), ennis (kaundi clair), miltaun semiteri, belfast, (kaundi antrim), ladysbridge (kaundi cork), glassnevin semiteri (doublin), maanchasttarile moosttan, sent josephinte semiteri ennividangalil aalan, larkin, obrian ennivarude bahumaanaartham nirmmicha smarakangal. sent josephinte semitheriyile smaarakam roopakalppana cheythath jeey. 1898 novemberil jeraaghti anaachaadanam cheythu. maanchastar rakthasaakshikalude kendra smaaraka samiti niyogicha ithu oru celtic krosinte roopathil uyarathil nilkkunnu. peedatthinte moonnu vashangalilum moonnu purushanmaarude medel chhaayaachitrangalundu, yadhaarthathil ippol neekkam cheytha airish wolfhoundinte roopangalaal mukalil. thookkilettappettavarude maranavaarshikathil republicanmaar avide paredu cheiyunna paarambaryam ullathinaal eee smaarakathinte sthalam niravadhi aswasthathakalude vediyaanu. smaarakathin athinte gadanaykku niravadhi aakramanangalum naseekarana pravartthanangalum neridendi vannittundu, koodaathe public monument aandu shilpa association naashanal recording project ithu "apakadasaadhyathayullathaayi" pattikappedutthiyittundu.
purushanmaarude vadhashikshayude nooram vaarshikathinte smaranaykkaayi, maanchastar konoli association aartist arther dooliye salfordile puthiya bailey jayilinte sthalathu nilkkunnathinaayi oru smaaraka shilpam nirmmikkaan niyogichu. nirddeshathinethire ethirppundaayirunnu, shilpam orikkalum nirmmichathallennu thonnunnu, sthaapikkuka maathram cheyyuka. ennirunnaalum, dooley oru adii uyaramulla mackwet (oru cheria aashaya shilpam) nirmmichu, ithu ippol maanchasttarile thozhilaallivarga prasthaana libraryude shekharathinte bhagamaanu. moonnu steel thoonukalulla oru viklo graanait aditharayum oronninum rakthasaakshiyude perum sambhavathinte praadhaanyathekkurichu chila vishadaamshangalum adangunna celtic sheeldukalum adangiyathaayirikkanam smaarakamenn mackwet soochippikkunnu. dooliyude pakkal ninnu mackwet labhicha juudu koopparinte kudumbam 2011ll doublucmlinu eee mackwet sambhavana cheythu.
police sarjant brettine harpurhe semitheriyil samskarichu; "njaan ente kadama nirvahikkum" enna vaakkukal addehathinte shavakudeerathil kothivachittundu. maanchasttarile sent aans palliyil addehathinte smaaraka phalakavumundu.

