jaims alexander forbes (1805-1881)

meksikkan kaaliforniyayile britiish vais koonsal, yuu. esile aadyathe britiish koonsal ennee nilakalil prashasthanaayirunnu jaims alexander forbes (januvari 6,1804-meyy 6,1881).ezz. california samsthaanam. kaaliforniyayile saan josinu (ippol forbes mill ennariyappedunnu) purathu addeham oru maav millu nirmmichu, aaa bhoomi oduvil loss gaattos pattanatthinte aditharayaayi maari.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
skotlandile invernessil joonn alonso forbsinteyum maartha rodriguesinteyum makanayi janicha addeham 12-aamm vayassil shipping line udamasthathayilulla oru ammavanoppam arjanteenayilekku kudiyeri. pinneedu urugvaayile montevideoyil jesuitukal addehathe padippikkukayum sysplatine yudhathil arjanteenaykku vendi pooraadukayum ammaavante kappalukalilonnine yudhamanushyanaakki maattukayum cheythu. pinneedu 1831ll thimingalakkadathil kaaliforniyayilethiya addeham richmandinaduthulla kaastro rancho saan pabloyil kurachukaalam akkoundantaayi jolie cheythu. 1834-ll addeham mission santa clara dii asisinte majordomoyaya jose chrysostino gallindo makalaaya anaa maria gallindo vivaham kazhichu.
1836 muthal hudson bay kambaniyil jolie cheythirunna addeham 1845ll kaaliforniyayile kambaniyude kaaryangalude administrettaayi, ennaal adutha varsham aaa oafees adachu.
1842ll britiish vais konsalaayi niyamithanaaya addeham vais koonsal ayirikke britiish sarkkar california ettedukkanamennu vaadichu; aaa nirddesham nirasikkapettu. californian raashtreeyathil edapedaan grettu brittanu aagrahamillennum ennaal mattethenkilum shakthiyude atharam edapedaline avar valia ethirppode kaanumennum forbesine ariyichu. eee vikaaram thomas oo. yodu ariyichu. larkin, yunaittad stetts koonsal, pakshe yuu. esine pinthirippikkaan onnum cheythilla.ezz. 1846ll california pidichadakkiyathil ninnu.
1844ll govarnor maanuval michaeltoreenayil ninnu labhicha saan josinaduthulla meksikkan land grantaaya rancho potrero dii santa klaarayilaanu forbes kudumbam thaamasichirunnathu. ranchoy kannukaalikalum 1847ll comodore roobert eph. stokktan njangalkk 10,500 dollar, akkaalathe uyarnna vila. eee dambathikalkku moonnu penmakkalum ombathu aanmakkalum ulppede motham panthrand kuttikalundaayirunnu. 1851-ll, thante makkale padippikkunnathinaayi mission santa clarayil oru school sthaapikkaan addeham jesyoottukale prerippichu; eee school santa clara sarvakalaashaalayaayi maarunnathinte adisthaanam roopeekarichu. forbsinte anchu aanmakkal santa clara kolejile onnaam classile amgangalaayirunnu.
puthiya almaden.
meksikkoyile britiish koonsal alexander forbsinoppam puthiya almaden quixilver khaniyile aadyakaala nikshepakanum engleesh bhashayil kaaliforniyayude aadya charithrangalilonninte rachayithaavumaayirunnu addeham. avarude kambani 1846-ll andrez castilleroyil ninnu khaniyude peru vaangukayum athu angeyattam laabhakaramaanennu theliyikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, rancho saan visenteyil sthithicheyyunnathinte adisthaanathil jose dii loss raise berrysa khaniyude avakaashavaadam unnayichu. koodaathe, bereesayude ayalkkaranaaya rancho loss capitansillosile justo larios udamasthaavakaasham avakashappettu. rund graantukalkkidayilul pothu bhoomiyilaanu khani sthithicheyyunnathennu avakashappedaan american sarkkar polum edapettu. meksikkan niyamangalum gwadaloope hidalgo udambadiyum ulppedunna oru sankeernamaaya niyama cases, "newyork times" "eee raajyathilo mattethenkilum raajyathilo ettavum sradheyamaaya sivil vichaaranayilonn" ennu visheshippichu, yunaittad stetts vii. andrez castillero oduvil yunaittad stetts supreme kodathiyiletthi, thudarnnu 1862-ll khaniyellaam larias graantilaanennum kunninu thaazheyulla kambaniyude choolakalum mechappeduthalukalum berissa graantilaanennum theerumaanichu. kambani eee rund perukalum vaangukayum 1864-ll muzhuvan pravartthanavum quixilver khanana kambanikku vilkkukayum cheythu.
loss gaattos.
ennirunnaalum, forbsinte shaashvathamaaya paarambaryam loss gaattos pattanamaan. 1850-ll, praadeshika maav uthppaadanam illennu (athu chiliyil ninnaan irakkumathi cheiyunnathu) shradhicha addeham loss gaattos kreekkil oru mill nirmmikkuka enna uddeshyathode jose maria hernandezil ninnu ekadesham rancho rinconada dii loss gaattos vaangi. 1853ll addeham nirmmaanathinaayi panam swaroopikkukayum 1854ll mill nirmmikkukayum cheythu. niravadhi kaalathaamasangalkk sesham, 1855 desember 1 nuu mill maav araykkaan thudangi. ennirunnaalum, shaithyakaalath millinu vaidyuthi nalkaan kreekkil mathiyaya vellam maathramundaayirunnathil forbes thiranjeduttha sthalam nirbhaagyakaramaayirunnu. ithu, athinte thurakkunnathinulla kaalathamasavum athiraalikale vipaniyilekku anuvadikkukayum angane maavinte vila baralinu 50 dollaril ninnu verum 5 dollarayi kuraykkukayum cheythath, athinartham athu mathiyaya varumanam undakkunnillennum oduvil forbes papparakanum nirbandhithanaayi, addehathinte panatthinte bhooribhaagavum khaniyumaayi bandhapetta vyavaharangalil kettikkidakkukayum cheythu. 1858ll vaaypa thirichadaykkaathathine thudarnnu addehathe purathaakki. ennirunnaalum, millinu chuttum oru pattanam valarnnu, athinte peru loss gaattos ennu maattunnathin munbu aadyam ithu nirodhitha nagaram ennariyappettirunnu.
vyakthithvam.
loss gaattos charitrakaaranaaya vilyam eiii. wolf forbusine "oru sude-shuman [i.iii., oru vanjanaaparamaaya vyakthi]. aadyamaayi athiyappol kaaliforniyayile mikka purushanmaarekkaalum addeham midukkanum mikacha vidyaabhyaasamullavanumaayinu. ennaal addeham adisthaanaparamaayi saahacharyangalude niyanthranam nashtappetta oru mosham vyakthiyaayirunnu."origonil ninnu mission santa klaarayilekku jesuitukal athiyappol, avar addehathodu dauthyathil ninnu marran aavasyappettu, athu addeham cheythu, pakshe avaril ninnu 11,000 dollar labhikkunnathin munbu. thudarnnu addeham eee panam dauthyathinu thottupinnilaayi oru bhavanam nirmmikkaan upayogichu. pinneedu, veettil 20,000 dollar avakaashavaadamundennu avarodu parayaan visammathichukondu addeham ithu oru koottam kanyaasthreekalkk vittu. koodaathe, hernandez kudumbatthinte abhipraayathil, loss gaattos ranchoik vendi forbes orikkalum 8,000 dollar nalkiyittilla. thante vivaahathe sambandhichidatholam, palappozhum athaazhathil pankedukkunna athidhikalumaayi samsarikkaan anuvadikkaathe bharya oru velakkariyaayi kanakkakkiyathaayi addeham visheshippikkappedunnu; pakaram avale mattu velakkaare sahayikkaan nirmmichu.
forbes 1881ll almedayil vachu marichu.

