
loose dii rossa

1637 muthal 1641 vare nyoo meksikkoyude onpathaamathe spanish govarnoraayi sevanamanushticha oru sainikanaayirunnu luis dii rosas (maranam januvari 25,1642). thante bharanakaalathu, pradhaanamaayum thaddesheeya amerikkakkaare kaikaaryam cheythathukondu, dii rosas fraansiskanmaarumaayi ettumutti, avarkkuvendi jolie cheyyaano adimakalaayi vilcano addeham avare nirbandhichu. fraansiskanmaar nyoo meksikkoyile pouranmaarude kalapam addehathinethire prothsaahippichu. govarnor enna nilayilulla thante sthaanavumaayi bandhapetta anweshanathinu sesham dii rosas jaililaayi. jayilil kazhiyave sainikar addehathe vadhichu.
aadyakaala varshangal.
cheruppatthil thanne dii rosas spanish sainyathil cherukayum avide mikavu pulartthukayum uyarnna raankukalil athukayum cheythu. pathinanju varsham addeham spanish sainyathe flandezhsil sevichu.
nyoo meksikkoyile sarkkar.
nyoo meksikkoyile raashtreeyam.
viceroi dees dii armendaris 1636-ll dii rosasine nyoo meksikkoyude govarnoraayi niyamichu. thudakkathil, puthiya meksikoo sarkkaarinte janapreeti illaathathum niyamanatthinte swaadheenam addehathinte prashasthiyil cheluthiyathum kaaranam dii rosas niyamanathe ethirthu. nyoo meksikkoyil gavarnarmarkkethiraaya kalaapangalum athupole thanne pravishyayile sarkkarukal pidichadakkiyathum pathivaayathinaalaanith. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte punk munkootty theerumaanikkukayum athu sweekarikkaan addeham nirbandhithanaakukayum cheythu. eee varsham dii rosas vairiyodoppam nyoo speyinilethi, orupakshe, meksikoo nagaratthil ninnu nyoo meksikkoyile saanta failake supply missionte kaaravanil thamasam maari.
baahya akramanangalil ninnu santa phee samrakshikkunnathinaayi oru dii rosas sainyam saanto domingoik chuttum oru kotta sthaapichu. 1638ll dii rosas epotlapigwas graamatthilekkulla oru paryaveshanathinu neethrthwam nalki. anchu fraansiskanmaarum naalpat sainikarum adangunna oru samghathe ulkkollunna eee paryavekshanam salas enna purohitan aasoothranam cheythirunnu. 
thaddesheeya janataye kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheiyukayenna lakshyathode eee paryaveshanam suunii pradeshangalude thekkupadinjaarulla vadakkan sonorayilekku sanjarichu.
niravadhi thaddesheeya american janathaykkethiraya, prathyekichu appaachikalkkum yoottukalkkumethire dii rosas adima reydukalkku neethrthwam nalki. samathalangalil, kvivirayilekkulla oru paryaveshanatthinide addeham appaachikale akramikkukayum pinneedu, santa phee dii newo meksikkoyude vadakku bhaagath utes akramikkukayum cheythu. rund kesukalilum addeham thante varkshoppukalil vilcano upayogikkaano adimakale pidikoodi. koodaathe, dii rossa suunii deshangalile girayude krishiyidangal kollayadichu. samathalangalile thaddesheeya gothrangalumaayi addeham vyapaaram prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu (eee vyapaaram niyamavirudhamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnum) koodaathe pecos graamatthile thaddesheeya amerikkakkar spaniard adhikaarikal aavasyappetta encominda kappatthinte eratti vila nalkanamenna vyavasthayil avarude matham aacharikkan addeham anuvadikkukayum cheythu.
shatru gothrangalil ninnu pidikoodiya thadavukaareyum niravadhi amerindian graamangalile nivaasikaleyum uthppannangal nirmmikkaan dii rosas thaddesheeya american thozhilaallikale niyamichu. aadyathethu saanta feyile addehathinte neythu silpashaalayil jolie cheythirunnappol randaamathethu avarude swantham gramangalil jolie cheythirunnavaraanu. thottangalil jolie cheyyaan addeham thaddesheeya amerikkakkaare nirbandhichu. koodaathe, addeham appaacheyumaayi vyapaaram nadatthi.
fraansiskanmaarumaayulla ettumuttalukal.
nyoo meksikkoyil dii rosas adhikaaramettathinusesham, dii roses fraansiskanmaarum thammilulla ettumuttal kaaranam niravadhi spanish nivaasikal addehathinethire kalapam nadatthi. amerikkayile spanish kolanikalil franciscans aayirunnu pradhana mathavibhagam, swadeshikale suvisheshavathakarikkukayenna lakshyathode avarkkum dii rosassin parasparam paraathikalum aaropanangalum nalkukayum ithu koolani rashtreeya asthirathaykku kaaranamaakukayum cheythu. kalaapangalum kalaapangalum nyoo meksikoyiludaneelam vyaapichu.
edavakakkaarkku koodaashakalum kuttasammatham nalkiyittillennum, avar aavasyappettaalum avaril chilare bahishkarichuvennum dii rosas sanyaasimaare kuttappedutthi.
fraansiskanmaar dii rosasine appaachikale pidikoodiyathinu sammathichathayi aaropichu, avaril chilare puthiya speyininte mattu sthalangalil adimakalaakkukayum vyapaaram nadathukayum cheythu, mattullavar nyoo meksikkoyude thalasthaanamaaya swantham varkshoppilekku kondupoyi. fraansiskanmaarude abhipraayathil, dii rossas kristhyaanikaleyum kristhyaanikalallaatha thaddesheeya amerikkakkareyum adimathathinu sameepamulla oru avasthayilekku parichayappedutthi, avare deerghaneram jolie cheyyaan nirbandhitharaakki. thante swathukkalil chilath wilkan anuvadikkukayaanenkil, thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarkk avarude prathyeka mathangalile chila achaarangal anushttikkaan addeham anumathi nalki. koodaathe, pecos pueblo deshangalil thante kathikalkku pakaramaayi pakaramakaan aavashyamaaya thoppikal thaddesheeyarude pakkalillenn arinjappol dii rosas aswasthanaayi. eee vasthuthaykk addeham fraansiskanmaare kuttappeduthukayum oraale jayililadaykkukayum cheythu. dii rosasinu addehathinte mungamiyaaya francisco martinus dii beisa kaikkooli nalkiyenna vasthuthayekkurichu fraansiskanmaar parathippettu. ennirunnaalum, oru dauthyathile niyamavirudhamaaya oru vearp kada adachupoottaan utharavittathodeyaanu fraansiskanmaarude ethirppukal aarambhichathenn vaadichukondu dii rosas ithu nirasichu. shilpashala baala amerindon thozhilaallikale chooshanam cheythuvenkilum fraansiskanmaar pinneedu dii rosasinethire pravisyayil kalaapathin prerippikkaan shramichu.
athinaal, dii rosas oru kuttavaaliye thadavilaakkiya sesham, rund fraansiskanmaar thadavukaarane mochippikkaan prothsaahippichu addehathe mochippikkanamennu aavasyappettu govarnorude kottara gettukalilekku oru janakkoottathe ayachu. nyoo meksikkoyil jolie cheythirunna 120 sainikaril 73 perum ulppede pravishyayile niravadhi pouranmaar aaa kalaapathil pankedutthu. fraansiskanmaar dii rosasil ninnu "koodaasha thadanjunirthukayum" "addehathinte jeevan bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu". 1638 leeii vasanthakaalath, dii rosasinekkurichulla aropanangal anweshicha father peria anweshanam upekshikkaan theerumaanichu. 1640 januvariyil dii rosas saanta feyile ellah sabhaaprasamgikaleyum nagaram vidaan nirbandhithanaakki, avaril randuper, prathyekichu rund purohithanmaar moonnu maasathinu sesham nagaram thirichethiyappol, dii rosas avare oru vadi kondu adichu, ithu avarkk kaaryamaaya parikkelppichu.
kalapavum rosacoyude thadavarayum.
dii rosasinethire oru kalapam prolsaahippikkukayum nyoo meksikoo sarkkaaril ninnu puratthaakkukayum cheyyuka enna lakshyathode fraansiskanmaar pravishyayiludaneelam oru kathu purappeduvichu. dii rosas lutheran, kaalvinist sidhaanthangalude anuyaayiyaanennum addeham "oru lakshyathode vigraharadhana" nadathiyennum santa phee nivaasikal yeshukristhuvine nirasichuvennum avar avakashappettu. dii rosasinethire oru kalapam pottipurappettu.
1641 leeii vasanthakaalath dii rosas thante kaalavadhi poortthiyaakki. puthiya speyinile viceroi diego lopus pacheko dii rosas bharanakoodathekkurichu anweshikkaan utharavidukayum puthiya govarnor general juvan flores siyara vaii waldez anweshanathinu neethrthwam nalkukayum cheythu. dii rosasine bahishkarikkukayum jayililadaykkukayum cheythu. mathathinu valareyadhikam praadhaanyam nalkia pueblo thaddesheeya amerikkakkar spanish sarkkaarinteyum sabhayudeyum adhikaarathe kurachukaanikkaan ithu kaaranamaayi. avar chila purohithanmaare nunakal ennu kanakkaakkukayum purathaakkappetta gavarnarmaare anusarikkaan visammathikkukayum sabhadhipanmaarum gavarnarmaarum thammilulla bhinnatha nirasikkukayum cheythu.
eathaanum maasangalkk sesham, 1642 januvari 25nuu dii rosas cellilaayirikke, sakattekaas (aadhunika meksikoo) swadeshiyaaya sainikanaaya nicolas oorttis addehathe kuthikkonnu. thanikkethire nadanna vichaaranayilaan dii rosas thante bharyayaaya maria dii basttilaasumaayi vyabhicharam nadathiyathennu sainikan aaropichathu. ennirunnaalum, maasangalkk sesham, mattu ettu sainikar dii rosasine kolappeduthiyathinu kuttakkaaraanennu kandethukayum shirachhedam cheyyukayum cheythu.