
henry faukkiyar

jackwus francois henry faukkiyar (1 septambar 1838-25 desember 1901) oru franch pathrapravartthakanum ezhuthukaaranum naadakakrithum raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu. palappozhum thoolikaanaamathil, ennaal thantethaaya shailiyil addeham niravadhi pathrangalkkum jenalukalkkum vendi ezhuthi. leeii figaro" yude mukhya naadaka niroopakanaayaanu addeham kooduthal ariyapettath.
jeevithavum thozhilum.
aadyakaala varshangal.
oru nottariyude makanaaya maarseyilaan henry faukkiyar janichathu. vaidyashaasthravum niyamavum padichenkilum addeham vilikalilekku akarshikkappettu. udara moolyangal ullavarayi addeham valarnnu, jeevithathiludaneelam thante janmanagarathekkurichu abhimaanikkukayum cheythu, ennaal oru maranananthara nireekshakante abhipraayathil addehathinte chuttupaadukalile boorshwa manobhaavam addehathe aakarshichilla. 22-aamm vayassil addeham yaatra aarambikkukayum spain, itali, pinneedu swittsarland ennividangalil niravadhi varshangal chelavazhikkukayum avide itaaliyan painting padichu jineeva instittyoottil praveshikkukayum cheythu.
pathrapravartthanatthil aakrishtanaaya addeham 1861-ll paareesilekk thamasam maari, avide addeham "corrier duu demanche", "laa pras", "ell 'avenir naashanal" thudangi niravadhi pathrangalkk vendi ezhuthi. ithu randaam saamraajyathinte unnathiyilaayirunnu, athinu keezhil maadhyamaswaathanthryam karsanamaayi vettikkurachu. foukkiyarineppolulla liberal pathrapravarthakarkku adhikaarikale thettidharikkaathe avarude kaazhchappaadukal vaayanakkaarilekku ethikkaan valia chaathuryavum budhiyum prayogikkendivannu. oru sahapravarthakan paranjathupole, "njangalkk onnum parayaano eathaandu onnum parayaano licenses undaayirunnilla, ennittum njangal ellaam paranju, allengil mikkavarum ellaam-pakshe athinu kazhivukal aavasyamaanu".
1867ll itaaliyan swaathanthryathinaayulla ayiram pooraattangalude giuseppe garibaldiyude paryaveshanathodoppam faukkiyar pooyi. fraansil thirichethiya addeham 1870-ll saamraajyathinte pathanathetthudarnnu boaches-duu-roonn departmentinte sekrattari generalayi niyamikkappedukayum thudarnnu marseyliyile communard kalaapathe cherukkaanulla dhairyathaal svayam verthirichedukkukayum cheythu. ithinushesham addeham aabhyanthara manthraalayathil pras afayezhs director niyamithanaayi. adolph thayezhsinte sarkkar thakarnnathinethudarnnu 1873 meyy 24nuu addeham aaa sthaanam vittu.
pathrapravartthakanum raashtreeyakkaaranum.
paareesile pathrapravartthanathilekku faukkiyar thirichetthi. times" enna engleesh pathram addehathekkurichu paranju, "faukkiyar veendum thante pathrapravartthakante penayil oru pravartthanavum samriddhiyum orupakshe mattoru samakaalika pathrapravartthakanum thulyamakkaan kazhiyaatha oru aakarshanavum konduvannu". addehathinte uthppaadanakshamatha prashasthamaayia paarees, pravishya pathrangalkkum dinapathrangalilum prathivaara prasidheekaranangalilum addeham ezhuthi. raashtreeyam muthal thathwachintha vare ellaatharam vishayangalilum, shudhamaaya faantasi lekhanangalilum, karsanamaaya shaasthreeya vishayangalilum addeham ezhuthi.
1876-ll faukkiyar, ernest faiduvinte vidhava jorjas faiduvinte ammayumaaya lodsia vivaham kazhichu. athu santhoshakaramaaya oru vivaahavum kooduthal sukhakaravumaayirunnu, yuva fedio nannayi jeevichu. pinneedu, faidue oru naadakakrithaayi sthaapithanaayappol, faukkiyar thante randaanachante naadakangal kaalaakaalangalil avalokanam cheiyunnathaayi kandethi, avayil chilathinte vashangale vimarshichenkilum avayude gunangalekkurichu saha niroopakarumaayi pothuve yojikkan addehathinu kazhinju.
oru pathrapravartthakanenna nilayil vijayam nediyengilum faukkiyar oru rashtreeya jeevithathinaayi kothichu. franch paarlamentinte adhosabhayaya chamber oof deputicil addeham boaches-duu-ronil thiranjeduppu nadatthaan shramichenkilum 1889 ll addeham baas-alps vibhaagathilekku thiranjedukkappettu. addeham oru pavapetta prabhashakanaayirunnu, chamberil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiyilla, oru kaalayalavinusesham sannadhathayode pinmari pathrapravartthanathilekku madangi. 1891-ll auguste viduvinte maranashesham addeham "leeii figaro" yude mukhya naadaka vimarsakanaayi.
ell 'evanment", "leeii biyan public", "corrier dii france", "gill blassil" "colombine", "ekko dii paareesil" "nesttar" ennivayulppede palappozhum thoolikanaamangalil faukkiyar niravadhi prasidheekaranangalkku sambhavana nalki, ennaal "leeii temps" paranjathupole, addehathinte eathenkilum kolangalude patthu varikal rachayithaav aaraanenn vyakthamakkaan paryapthamaayirunnu. addeham chila naadakangal ezhuthiyengilum avayil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiyilla. oru naadakakrithenna nilayil addeham vijayathilekku ettavum aduthathu 1896 ll jorjas bertalumaayi sahakarichu ezhuthiya "laa model" enna komadiyaayirunnu. thiyettar dii ell oodiyoonile oottam 38 prakadanangalaayirunnu (short runs saadhaaranamaayirunna oru housile dairkhyameriya oottangalilonnu.) addeham randuthavana akkadami francisil amgathvathinulla sthaanaarthiyaayirunnu, koodaathe ekkol libre dess sciences polittikkukalil jenalism professoraayirunnu.
oru hrasvamaaya asukhathinum parajayappetta shasthrakriyaykkum sesham 1901-leeii chrismus dinathil nyooli-surr-seynile oru nazhsing homil vachu faukkiyar marikkukayum paareesile paasi semitheriyil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.