
scrum (rugby union)

rugby yooniyanil oru cheria lamghanathinu sesham kalii punaraarambhikkunnathinulla oru maargamaan scrum. moonnu varikalaayi bandhippikkukayum moonnu ethir teamukalumaayi munnirayil parasparam bandhippikkukayum cheiyunna paaykk allengil forwade paaykk ennariyappedunna oro teamil ninnum ettu kalikkaar vare ithil ulppedunnu. eee samayat rund forwade paaykkukalkkidayilul vidavil panthu nalkukayum avar iruvarum panthu kaivasham vaykkaan malsarikkukayum cheiyunnu. manappoorvvam scrum takarkkaan kaaranamayathinum panthu shariyaayi scramilekku idaathathinum teamukalkk shiksha labhikkam. panthu munnott thattumpozho munnott kadakkumbozho allengil oru panthu rakkilo mouliloo kudungumbozho aanu scrum nalkunnathu. skrammukalude shaareerika swabhaavam kaaranam, parikkukal sambhavikkam, prathyekichu munnirayil.
avalokanam.
oru skrathinuvendi thayyaaredukkunnathinu, oro teaminteyum ettu forwadeukal ("paaykk" allengil "forwade paaykk" ennu vilikkunnu) moonnu varikalaayi bandhippikkunnu-munnira, randaam varii, pinnira. munnirayil rund "proppukalum" "hooker" adangiyirikkunnu. idathuvashathu madhyathil hooker ulla "loosehead" prope valathuvashath "titehead" prope (jezhsi nambarukal onnu, rund, moonnu) undu. taitt head" prope, nambar moonnu, aaa peru nedunnu, kaaranam avante thalayum tholum ethir vashathe hookerin loose head propinum idayil irikkunnu, athaayath avan "titer" scrum positionil irikkunnu. loosehead propinu, neremarichu, scraminte purathu oru thool thurannirikkunnu, athinaal ithu "lucer" scrum sthaanathaanu. moonnum orumichu muruke pidikkukayum hooker prope thammil vidavu undakaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu. kaliyude niyamangal anusarichu; "oru kalikkaaran oru team-mettil bandhippikkumbol, kalikkaaran team-mettinte shareeram kaalmuttinte nilayilo thaazheyo pidikkaan kaii muthal thool vare muzhuvan kaiyum upayogikkanam."shariyaayi bandhippikkunnathil paraajayappedunnathu penaaltikk kaaranamaakukayum prathipaksha teaminu free kick nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
rund "randaam varii" munnottullava (jezhsi nambarukal naalum anchum) parasparam bandhippikkukayum munniraykk pinnil nerittu oronnum proppukalkkum hookerin idayil thala vaykkukayum cheiyunnu. scram "loock" cheiyunnathinaal avaye saadhaaranayaayi "loock" ennu vilikkunnu. avasaanamaayi pinnirayil rund "flankerukalum" ettaam number ulppedunnu. oru poottinu sameepavum oru propinu pinnilum-scraminte iruvashathum flankerukal bandhippikkunnu. saadhaaranayaayi nambar seven flankerine "ooppansaid" flanker ennum nambar aarr flankerine "blindside" flanker ennum vilikkunnu. "ooppansaid", "blindside" enniva yathaakramam pichinte veethiyullathum idungiyathumaaya vashathe soochippikkunnu, kaaranam scram saadhaaranayaayi mattethinekkaal oru touchline aduthaanu sambhavikkunnath. adutha rakkilekko molilekko kazhiyunnathra vegathil athicheruka ennathaanu ooppansaid flankerude jolie, athinaal avaa saadhaaranayaayi aaa vashath bandhippikkum. 8 enna nambar rund poottukalkkum pinnil avayude thala avaykkidayil bandhippikkunnu.
oru scrum roopappeduthunnathinu rund forwade paaykkukalum parasparam kaikalude neelathinullil sameepikkunnu. raphari "krauchu" enna command nalkukayum ethir muun nirakal thudarnnu krauchu cheyyukayum cheiyunnu, angane avarude puram nilatthinu samaantharamaayi nilathu nilkkukayum avarude thalayum tholum eduppinekkaal thaazheyaayirikkaathirikkum cheiyunnu; eee crowching posture avarude peshikale isometric preload cheyyaanum anuvadikkunnu, ithu avarude thudarnnulla drive kooduthal shakthiyode nadatthaan prapthamaakkunnu. raphari pinneedu "bined" ennu vilikkukayum "avarude puram kaii upayogichu oro prope ethir proppinte puram tholinte pooyintil bandhippikkukayum cheiyunnu."munnirayile rund varikalum valare akaleyallennu urappaakkaanaan eee command. oduvil raphari "settu" ennu parayukayum (ithu oru commandalla, marichu munnira varikk edapazhakaanulla anuvaadamaanu) rund munnira varikalum orumichu varikayum cheiyunnu. ithu sambhavikkumbol rund munnira varikalum ethir hookerin loosehead propinum idayil pookunna titehead proppukalude thalakalumayi munnott thallunnu. ethir proppinte jezhsiyude pinbhaagamo vashamo pidichu proppukal bandhippikkunnu.
kaivashamulla teamil ninnulla scrum-haff ("pheed" allengil "instaal" ennu vilikkunnu) thudarnnu rund munnirakalkkidayil roopappetta vidavil panthu eriyunnu,
addehathinte teaminte hooker ettavum aduthulla vasham.
 eee vidavine "tunnel" ennu vilikkunnu. tonnelile panthu upayogichu rund hookermar (chilappol proppukal) panthu avarude kaalukal upayogichu pinnilekku hook cheyyaan sramichukondu kaivashappeduthunnathinayi malsarikkunnu, athesamayam muzhuvan paaykkum ethir paaykkine pinnilekku thallaan shramikkunnu. kaivashamulla paksham saadhaaranayaayi panthu scraminte pinbhaagathekku maattunnu-athu avarude kaalukal upayogichaanu cheiyunnathu. orikkal pinnil athu 8-aamm nambaro allengil scram-hafoe edukkunnu. ivide ninnu panthu kalikkunnu, kaivashamulla kalikkaaran panthu oodukayoo paas cheiyukayo kick cheiyukayo cheyyum. mattu avasarangalil forwadeukal panthu kaalukal kondu niyanthrikkukayum ethir teamine purakott thallikkond nilam pidikkaan sramikkukayum cheyyum.
lamghanangal.
oru scrum samayat enthucheyyaan kazhiyum, cheyyaan kazhiyilla ennathinte prathyekathakalekkurichu dhaaraalam niyamangalund. ithu pradhaanamaayum suraksha kaaranangalal aanu, kaaranam oru scrum shariyaayi nadathiyillengil parikkukalkk saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. pala niyamangalum munnirayude perumaattatthe pariganikkunnu. munnira rovermar oru konil "booar" cheiyunnathinu pakaram chathuraakrithiyil edapazhakanam. ithu cheiyunna taitt-head prope ethir hukkarinte chalanathe parimithappedutthunnu. athupole, oru ayanja thala prope ethirvashathe irukiya thala proppinte nenjilekku thallunnathu avarude shareeram scramil ninnu puratthekku varunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu. rund lamghanangalkkum shikshayund. munnirakkaarkk avarude shareeram valayunnathino athiraalikale valikkunnathino scram takarkkaan saadhyathayulla enthum cheiyunnathino vilakkund. avar ethiraaliye vaayuvilekku thallaruthu. avasaanamaayi, panthu scram vidunnathuvare pinnirayil kettikkidakkanam. flankerukale sambandhichidatholam, oru kaii thool vare, skrammumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthuka ennaanu ithinartham. nambar. 8 scrum avasanikkunnathuvare rund kaikalum scrum sparsikkanam.
mattu niyamangal scrum-halfukalum avar engane panthu eriyunnu ennathum pariganikkunnu. panthu "pheed" cheyyumbol scrum sthiravum nischalavum goal lineukalkku samaantharavumaayirikkanam; allengil lamghikkaatha teaminu oru free kick nalkunnu. scrum sweekaaryamaanengil, scrum-haff panthu kaalathamasam varuthaathe skrathilekku "pheed" cheyyanam. raphari palappozhum oru teaminu munnariyipp nalkukayum munnariyipp shradhichillenkil prathipakshathinu free kick nalkukayum cheyyum. panthu thurankatthinte madhyathil nilatthinum touchline samaantharamaayi pradhana achuthandu upayogichu nalkanam. panthu vegathil eriyukayum orotta chalanatthil eriyukayum venam-ithinartham oru pheed vyajamaakkaan kazhiyilla ennaanu. panthu scrum pakuthiyude kaikalil ninnu vittukazhinjaal scrum aarambhichu.
kalikkaar.
munnira saadhaaranayaayi scraminte ettavum valia amgangalaanu. hookers saadhaaranayaayi proppukalekkaal cheruthaanu, athinaal avaa munnirayudeyum thurankathinteyum irukiya paridhikkullil avarude thaazhathe bodikal kaikaaryam cheyyaam. proppukalum lokkukalum shakthamayirikkanam, pakshe sthaanangal thiranjedukkunnathinulla pradhana maanadandangalil vyathyaasamund. sthaanathinaayulla gusthiyilum munnott kondupokunnathilum proppukal kooduthal nerittu earppettirikkunnathil, shakthiyum bharavum avarkk pradhaanamaan. poottukalkku shakthiyum pradhaanamaan, kaaranam avaa thallunnu; ennirunnaalum, munnira kalikkaare apekshichu uyaram avarkk pradhaanamaan. kaliyude mattoru gattamaaya line-aouttil kaivashappeduthunnathinulla praadhamika malsaraarthikalaayi avare upayogikkunnu; kaliyile ettavum uyaram koodiya kalikkaraanu lokkukal. flankerukalum nambar 8 umm scrummil thallunnathu kuravaanu, kooduthal vegatha aavasyamaanu, kaaranam ethir team scrum nedukayaanengil ethir haff baakkukale vegathil kaikaaryam cheiyukayo moodukayo cheyyuka ennathaanu avarude chumatala. scraminte ekadesham 40 sathamaanam oorjjam munnirayilaan uthpaadippikkunnathu. mikka professional teamukalilum forwade paaykkinu kuranjathu 800 kilogram (1764 poundu) bhaaramund.
award.
niravadhi saahacharyangalil oru scram nalkunnu. panthu munpot thattukayo munnott kadakkukayo cheythittundenkil ennathaanu ettavum saadhaaranamaayath. aarenkilum abadhathil offside aakumbozho allengil panthu veendedukkaanulla yaadhaarthyabodhamillaathu oru rakkilo molilo kudungumbozho aanu oru scrum vilikkunna mattu rund pradhana samayangal. panthu oru rakkilo mouliloo kudungikkidakkunna saahacharyathilozhike, kuttappeduthaattha teaminu scrum pheed pookunnu. eee saahacharyathil "munnott pookunna" teaminu pheed nalkunnu-athaayath, rakkil forwade momentam undaayirunna teaminu. panthu oru moulil "pidichuvechaal", moul aarambhikkumbol kaivashamillaatha teaminu scrum nalkum.
kooduthal gurutharamaaya kuttatthinu pizha nalkiyaal, athu nalkunna teaminu penaltti kick allengil free kick edukkunnathinekkaal oru scrum thiranjedukkaam. aakramanakaari team prathipakshatthinte goal line aduthaayirikkumbol ithu saadhaaranayaayi sambhavikkunnu, koodaathe purakil kooduthal idam nalkunnathinaayi ellah prathipaksha forwadeukalum oru eriyayil pidichedukkaan aagrahikkunnu. goal line mukaliloode scram nirbandhikkaanum oru "pushovar" sramikkaanum kazhiyumennu avar chinthichekkaam.
panthu goal lainil sparsikkunna nimisham thanne oru pushovar sramam sambhavikkam. kaaranam, kaliyude niyamangalil oru scrum nirvachichirikkunnathu kalisthalathinullil maathrame nilanilkkoo, inn-golinu akathalla. athinaal panthu lainil athiyaaludan, scrum illaathaakukayum "scram kaikaaryam cheythathinu" penaltti apakadappeduthaathe eathoru kalikkaaranum panthu graundu cheyyaan kazhiyukayum cheiyunnu.
ennirunnaalum, pushovar sramangal apoorvamaanu, kaaranam scrams goal-lainil ninnu kuranjathu anchu meter (16.4 adii) nalkunnu, allengil touchline. ithinartham oru pushovar sambhavikkaan shramikkumbol, scrum thakarkkathe oru dishayil niravadhi meterukal nirbandhikkanam.
suraksha.
ragbiyile ettavum apakadakaramaaya gattangalilonnaanu scrams, kaaranam oru thakarchayo anuchithamaya edapedalo oru munnira kalikkaarante kazhuthu keduvaruthunnathino thakarkkunnathino vare kaaranamakum. ekkaaranathaal, parikkukal ozhivakkaan sahaayikkunnathin pariseelanam labhicha kalikkaarkku maathrame munnirayil kalikkaan kazhiyoo. oru teaminu mathiyaya specialist frond roow kalikkaar illengil, udaaharanathinu parikk allengil siin-binning kaaranam, ellah skrammukalum "athirillaatha scramukal" aakam. eee saahacharyathil, paaykkukal edapazhakunnu, pakshe thallunnilla, ennittum panthu scrammilekku idunna team parisramamillaathe athu vijayikkanam. kalikkaare parisheelippikkaan teamukal oru scrum mesheen upayogikkunnu.
aduthide, yukeyile oru pramukha kansalttant sarjan, avaa valare apakadakaramaanennu avakaashappett, vivaadamaaya scramukal nirodhikkanamenn aavasyappettu. ennirunnaalum malsaricha skramukalkku valare kaaryamaaya pinthunayundu-muun englandu hooker bryan muur vaadichathu "ningal geyiminte muzhuvan swabhaavavum maattum, mathramalla ithu innu ullathupole ellah roopangalkkum valuppangalkkum vendiyulla oru geyimayirikkilla."
charithram.
rugby yooniyante pala vashangalum pole, kaayikarangatthinte kandupidutham muthal scrum vikasichu. scram sambandhicha pala niyamangalum maattiyittund. eee mattangal ellaayppozhum aagrahicha deerghakaala falamundaakkiyitla, kaaranam avayil palathum pathivayi maattiyittund.
thudakkathil oru award allengil scrum (innu ruck ennariyappedunnu) oru "loose" scrum thammil vyathyaasamundaayirunnil. oru kalikkaaran panthu nilathu vaykkukayum athu vittayakkukayum cheythukondu scrum nalkia paksham; oru thurankatthinte aavashyamillaayirunnu. oonsaidu line nirnnayichathu panthu aayathinal kalikkaar athinu pinnil nilkkendathundu. panthu ulla kalikkaaran, "hold" ennu prakhyaapikkunna kalikkaaranum ethir paksham avane pidichu "daun" ennu vilikkunna kalikkaaranum thammil oru stambhanam undaakumbozhaanu oru scrum saadhaaranayaayi nalkunnathu. aadyakaala niyamangal oru skramminullilo purattho ulla kalikkaar thammil vyakthamaaya vyathyasam varaykkilla, koodaathe skrammilulla kalikkaar bandhippikkendathilla. ragbiyude aadyakaala niyamangal, "rugby yooniyante niyamangal" ennu punar krodeekarichathinusheshavum, scramile kalikkaarude lakshyam panthu athiraalikalude goal linelake chavittuka ennathaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil aacharam maariyathin sesham ekadesham 20 varshatholam eee vyavastha niyamangalil thudarnnu.
valarekkaalamaayi kalikkaarkku oru scram ullil prathyeka sthaanangal undaayirunnilla. avar "phastt upp, phastt daun" daun reethi sweekarichu, aadya kalikkaar munnirayil oru scrum paaykk cheyyukayum bakkiyulla forwadeukal bakkiyulla sthaanangal niraykkukayum cheythu. 1905-leeii ellah karuthavargakkaarum palappozhum prathyeka scrum sthaanangal avatharippichathinte bahumati nediyittundengilum, nyoosilaand thaddesheeya football team ithu parisheelichirunnu. thaddesheeyariloraalaya thomas ellison, 2-3-2 scrum formation kandupidichu. 1932ll nirodhikkappedunnathuvar eee seven maan scrum nyoosilandil valare janapriyamaayirunnu. scrummil illaathathinaal labhyamaya adhika manushyane "wing forwade" ennu vilikkukayum panthu scrammilekku nalkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte jolie. ethir scrum-haafine thadassappeduthiyennu wing forvedukalkkethire palappozhum aaropikkapettu, ithu pinneedu anthaaraashtra rugby board (irb) ennum ippol loka rugby (dablyuar) ennum ariyapetta anthaaraashtra rugby football boardinu sambhavana nalki, rund perr adangunna munnira niyamavirudhamaakki.
irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthi vare scraminte niravadhi konfigareshanukal undaayirunnu; 3-2-3,3-4-1,3-3-2 ennivayulppede.
1906 spring boxes "3-4-1 formation upayogikkunna aadyathe deseeya teamaayi" maari. 1901ll cape tounile grameena rugby clubble 'aii. dii. 1' roopeekaranam vikasippichathin dakshinaafrikkakkaar spring bookk fairy heatlickum 1906leeii dakshinaafrikkan paryadanatthil brittanil ithu prayogichathinu sahagramakkaaranaaya nellu carolin, pinneedu athu poortthiyaakkiyathinu stellenbosh coach 'yubas maarkk' marcotter ennivarkku dakshinaafrikkakkaar credit nalkunnu. marcotterinteyum addehathinte anuyayiyaaya daani craventeyum preranayil dakshinaafrikka 1949 aayappozhekkum 3-4-1 scrum roopeekaranam poortthiyaakki. hooker valare ayanja reethiyil bandhippichirunnu, panthu scrammilekku ittayudane thanne thante kaalukal panthu edukkaan kazhiyunna tharatthil shareeram ooriyedukkaan addehathinu kazhiyumaayirunnu. rund poottukalum ithu eluppamaakkunnathinu hukkarilalla, marichu avarude proppukalil thallum. ithu panthu scraminte pinbhaagathu gadippikkunnathinu munbu ethir teamukalkk panthu aduthekku ethikkaan valare budhimuttaayi. eee samayathaan loose head, taitt head ennee padangal rugby padaavaliyil praveshichathu. panthu nalkunna team kaaryamaaya nettamundaakkiyathumul, avarude swantham panthu kooduthal thavana nediyittundu.
1960kalil ayanja munnettakkaar back playil cheluthunna swaadheenam parimithappeduthunnathina niyama mattangal avatharippichu. eee samayat flankerukalkkaayi oru scrummil bandhippikkaan baadhyathayillaayirunnu. panthu scrammilaayirikkumbol polum panthu nirnnayichirunnathu offside lainaan, athinaal athu scraminte pinbhaagathu prathyakshappedumbol scrum-haff palappozhum ethir vashathulla flankerukalum scrum-haff athumaayi athunnathaayi kaanum. puthiya offside line scraminte ettavum pinpakuthi aayi maari. ethir skram haffinu maathrame aaa pooyintil ninnu munnott pookaan kazhiyoo, ellah flankermar scraminte ettavum pinpakuthikk pinnil nilkkunnillenkil avarkk bandhikkendivannu. avatharippicha mattoru niyama maattam 8 enna nambar allengil ettavum pinbhaagathu bandhippichirikkunna forwade panthu upayogichu oru scramil ninnu verpeduthaan anuvadichu, munbu athu scrum-haffinu maathrame veendedukkaan kazhiyoo.
professional kaalaghattatthile scrum.
1996 oode, ellah karuthavarum avarude paaykk thallunna athe samayam hooker panthu adikkunna oru thanthram konduvannu. ithinartham avarkk hook cheytha panthu labhichu ennu mathramalla, ethir teamukalkk pinvaangendivannu.
oduvil, mattu teamukal karuthavarggakkaar enthaanu cheiyunnathennu kandethukayum avaa pakartthukayum cheythu. rafarimaare scramilekku nere pheed nadappilaakkunnathu nirtthi, thalphalamaayi scrum-halves panthu avarude vashath kooduthal pheed cheyyaan thudangi.
ethir hookermar panthu hook cheyyaanulla sramam upekshichu pakaram paakkinte drivil power cherkkunnathil shradha kendreekarichu. ithu scram oru hooking aandu pushing malsarathil ninnu power pushing malsaramaakki maatti, ithu takarnna scramkalude vardhanavinu kaaranamaayi.
2007-ll scrum niyamam scrum edapazhakal niyantrikkaanulla shramathil "krauchu", "touch", "thaalkkaalikamaayi nirthuka", "edapazhakuka" ennee naalu ghattangalaayulla prakriyayayi bhedagathi cheythu. ithinu munbu, oro propinum ethir proppinte tholil sparsikkaanulla baadhyathayillaayirunnu, koodaathe rund munnira nirakal thammilulla dooram palappozhum valuthaayirunnu. puthiya niyamam munnirakal thammilulla dooram nischayikkukayum athinte falamaayi edapazhakalile aaghaathashakthi kuraykkukayum cheythu. munnira rovermark gurutharamaaya kazhuthu parikkukalude ennam kuraykkuka ennathaayirunnu niyama maattatthinte kaaranam.
2009ll athirillaatha scramukal illaathaakkaanulla shramathil aii. aarr. bii niyamangalil kooduthal mattangal varuthi. 2007-08 seasonil aarambhich, fraansil inipparayunna puthiya niyamangalude oru pareekshanatthinu IRB anumathi nalkki
trialinu munbulla avasana seasonil (2006-07), raajyathe moonnu mikacha divisionukalile (topp 14, proo dii 2, federal 1) 145 malsarangal athirillaatha skrammukalumaayi avasaanichu. 2007-08 ll, ore divisionukalile 994 malsarangalil rund malsarangal maathramaan athirillaatha skrammukalil avasaanichathu.
2009 joolaiyil, aii. aarr. bii athinte ellah anga unionukalkkum avar poornnamaayum niyanthrikkunna malsarangalil eee mattangal sweekarikkaan adhikaarappeduthukayum, ellah unionukaludeyum anumathiyode anthardesheeya clubbilum pravishya malsarangalilum (maagnezhs leag, suuppar 14 polullava) eee mattangal anuvadikkukayum cheythu.
ettavum puthiya scrum niyama mattangal.
2013 maarchil muun englandu hooker bryan muur bii. bii. sii websaittil scrumsinte avasthayekkurichu oru kadutha lekhanam ezhuthi, athil niyama mattangal karyangal mechappeduthunnathinum vashalaakkiyenna thante aashankakal addeham vishadeekarichu.
2012-13 rugby seasonil ninnu aarambhich, aii. aarr. bii trial niyama bhedagathikal purappeduvichu, athilonnu kooll seekwansine baadhichu. raphari "krauchu", "touch" ennivayil thudangi, ennaal pinneedu "settu" enna command nalki, athu paaykkukal munnott pookumenna soochanayaayi "engagement" ennathinu pakaram vannu. "scram vegathilaakkunnathinum takarnna scram kaaranam reesettukal kuraykkunnathinum "poses" neekkam cheythu.
2013-14 rugby seasonile kanakkanusarichu, kolukal krauchu, bined, settu enningane maatti. eee maattathinu paaykk thallaan anuvadikkunnathinu munbu proppukal bandhippikkendathundu, ithu rund paaykkukalum edapazhakumbol avaa thammilulla aaghaatham kuraykkunnu. eee maattam elaitt malsarathile aaghaatham 25 sathamaanam vare kuraykkumennu pratheekshikkunnathayi aii. aarr. bii prasthaavichu."scrum engane sajjeekarikkunnu ennathile maattangalkk purame, nilavilulla niyamathil shradha kendreekarikkaan referimarode aavasyappettu, prathyekichu panthu akathekku praveshikkunnathinu munbu thallunnathu thadayukayum panthu nere nalkunnuvennu urappakkukayum cheyyuka.
aduthide, niyama maattangalude oru valia vichaaranayude bhaagamaayi, 2017-18 muthal, scrum niyamathile maattangalude lokamembaadumulla vichaarana nadathumennu loka rugby prakhyaapichu. eee mattangal sthiramaakkano vendayo ennu theerumaanikkunnathinu munbu kuranjathu oru varshamenkilum eee mattangal upayogikkum.

