
jeey. pii. gilford

joy pooll gilford (march 7,1897-november 26,1987) oru american cycologistaayirunnu, manushya budhiyekkurichulla psychometric padanatthinu, kanverjant, divergent uthppaadanam thammilulla vyathyasam ulppede, ettavum kooduthal oormmikkappedunnu.
ell-nte kazhchakal vikasippikkuka. ell. budhiye orotta samkhyaaparamaaya paaraameettaril savisheshamaakkaamenna chaals spearmaante kaazhchappaad gillford nirasichu. krithyamaaya vivaranathinu moonnu manangal aavasyamaanennu addeham nirddeshichu pravartthanangal, ulladakkam, uthppannangal. 2002ll prasidheekaricha "review oof general saikkolaji" sarway, irupathaam noottaandile ettavum kooduthal udharikkappetta psychologistukalil 27-aamm sthaanathaanu gilfordine sthaanappeduthiyathu.
currier.
cornell edward tichanarude keezhil padikkunnathinu munbu gilford nebrasca sarvakalashaalayil ninnu birudam nedi. 1937ll gwilford pareekshanathmaka manasshaasthranjarude sosaittiyilekk thiranjedukkappedukayum 1938ll psychometric sosaittiyude moonnaamathe presidentaayi maarukayum athinte sthaapakanaaya luis liyon thurstoninteyum 1937ll aaa sthaanam vahicha edward thorndaikkinteyum kaalppaadukal pinthudarukayum cheythu. guilford nebrascayilum thekkan california sarvakalaashaalayilum niravadhi thasthikakalum hrasvamaayi vahichirunnu. 1941ll addeham yuu. esil praveshichu.ezz. oru lefttanant kenalaayi sainyathil sevanamanushtikkukayum psychological research yoonit nambar. 3 santa aanaa armi eyar basil. avide addeham aircru trainikalude thiranjeduppilum rankingle pravarthichu, kaaranam karasenayude vyomasena enthukondaanu ganyamaaya sathamaanam trainikal birudam nedaathathennu anweshichu.
yuu. esile psychological research yoonittinte medaaviyaayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu.ezz. 1943ll oru vimanam parathunnathinu nirnayakamaaya ombathu prathyeka boudhika kazhivukal thiricharinja staanin (staanderd onpathu) padhathikku armi airfozhs training command headquartezhs, gilford melnottam vahichu. (vidyaabhyaasa manashaasthratthile ippol oru saadhaarana padamaaya "staanins" gilfordinte projakttil upayogichathaanu). randaam lokamahaayudhakaalathu, rund divasathe vargeekarana testt baattariyude vikasanathil gilford eee gadakangal upayogichathu aircru trainikalude biruda nirakkukal vardhippikkunnathil pradhanamaayirunnu.
yudhaanantharam oru poornna kenalaayi discharge cheyyappetta gilford thekkan california sarvakalaashaalayile vidyaabhyaasa faakkalttiyil cherukayum budhishakthiyude gadakangalekkurichu gaveshanam thudarukayum cheythu. budhishakthiyude ghadana ennu aathyanthikamayi addeham perittathinekkurichu addeham vyaapakamaayi prasidheekarikkukayum yudhaananthara gaveshanangal motham 90 vyathirikthamaya boudhika kazhivukalum 30 perumatta kazhivukalum thiricharinju.
thekkan kaaliforniyayile gilfordinte 20 varshathe gaveshanathinu dhanasahayam nalkiyathu naashanal sayans foundeshanum muun aarogya, vidyaabhyaasa, kshema vakuppinte vidyaabhyaasa offeesum naavika gaveshana offeesum aanu. saan aantoniyoyile randolf vyomasena thaavalatthile vyomasena pariseelana commandylake guilfordinte vishayangal recruit cheyyappettirunnuvenkum, naavika gaveshana oafees eee gaveshanam kaikaaryam cheythu.
yudhaananthara gaveshanam vargeekarana parisodhanayude vikasanathilekku nayichu, athu vyathyastha reethikalil parishkkarikkappedukayum yuu. esinte ellah shaakhakalum niyanthrikkunna vividha pezhsanal vilayiruthalukalilekku praveshikkukayum cheythu.ezz. sayudha sevanangal. athinaal pothuvaayi paranjaal, ningal ellaavarum.ezz. 1950 kalileyum 1960 kalileyum 1970 kalileyum sainika yogyathaa pareekshakal gilfordinte gaveshanathil ninnaan.
budhishakthiyude sidhaanthathinte ghadana.
gilfordinte structure oof intelligence (sii) sidhaantham (1955) anusarichu, intelligence testtukalile oru vyakthiyude prakadanam adisthaana maanasika kazhivukalilo budhiyude gadakangalilo ninnu kandethanakum. sii sidhaanthathil 180 vyathyastha boudhika kazhivukal ulppedunnu, avaa pravartthanangal, ulladakkam, uthppannangal enningane moonnu maanangalil krameekarichirikkunnu.
gilford vikasippicha budhishakthiyude ghadana merii enn prayogichu. vidyaabhyaasa aavasyangalkkaayi soumyatha.
pravartthanangalude alavu.
sii. aiyil aarr pravartthanangal allengil pothuvaaya boudhika prakriyakal ulppedunnu
ulladakkathinte alavu.
manushya buddhi aarr pravartthanangal prayogikkunna vivarangalude naalu vishalamaaya mekhalakal sii ulppedunnu
uthppannathinte alavu.
peru soochippikkunnathu pole, eee maanathil nirddishta ulladakkangalil prathyeka pravartthanangal prayogikkunnathinte phalangal adangiyirikkunnu. sii modalil vardhichuvarunna sankeernathayil aarr uthppannangal ulppedunnu
athinaal, gilfordinte abhipraayathil 5 x 5 x 6 = 150 boudhika kazhivukalo gadakangalo undu (addehathinte gaveshanam moonnu perumatta kazhivukalekkurichu maathrame sthireekarichittulloo, athinaal ithu saadhaaranayaayi maathrkayil ulppeduthiyitla). oro kazhivum oru prathyeka ulladakka mekhalayile oru prathyeka pravartthanatthe soochippikkunnu, ithu prathimakalude unitukal manassilaakkukayo ardhaparamaaya prathyaaghaathangalude vilayiruthal nadathukayo polulla oru prathyeka uthppannathil kalaashikkunnu.
gilfordinte yadhaartha maathruka 120 gadakangal ulkkollunnu (perumatta ghadakam ulppeduthumbol) kaaranam addeham prathimakalude ulladakkam prathyeka shravana, drishya ulladakkangalayi verthirikkukayo memory recordinglekkum memory nilanirtthalilekkum memory verthirikkukayo cheythitilla. addeham prathimakale sravanaparavum drishyaparavumaaya ulladakkangalayi verthirichappol, addehathinte maathruka 5 x 5 x 6 = 150 vibhagangalaayi vardhichu. gilford memory functionukal verthirichappol, addehathinte model oduvil 180 gadakangalaayi vardhichu.
vimarsanam.
gilford upayogikkunna sthithivivarakkanakku saankethikavidyakale vividha gaveshakar vimarsichittundu. jenson (1998) parayunnathanusarichu, oru "jii"-ghadakam amgeekarikkaanaavaathathaane gilfordinte vaadathe swaadheenichathu yuu-yude cognitive testtukal enna addehathinte nireekshanamaanu.ezz. vyomasenamgangal poojyathil ninnu kaaryamaaya vyathyasam kaanichittilla. oru punarvishleshanamanusarichu, ithu karakaushalavasthukkalum reethishaasthraparamaaya pishakukalum moolamaanu. kooduthal sakthamaaya reethikal prayogikkumbol, gilfordinte dattaa settukalile parasparabandhangal anukoolamaanu. mattoru punarvishakalanatthil, kramarahithamayi srishtikkappetta modalukal gilfordinte swantham sidhaanthatheppole pinthunaykkunnathaayi kandethi.
manushya sheshikalude budhiparamaaya maathrkayude gilfordinte gadanaykku innu pinthunakkaar kuravaanu. pinneedu vanna gaveshakarude kaazhchappaad karol (1993) sangrahichu

