
zoo tavofen

oru chainees pathrapravartthakanum maadyama samrambhakan rashtreeya pravarthakanumaayirunnu suu tavofen (november 5,1895-juulai 24,1944). rashtreeya reportinginteyum saamoohika vyaakhyaanathinteyum oru pioneering jenalaayi "shenghuvo shaukkan" (life magazin) vikasippichathinum deseeya sarkkaarinethire ethirppu samaharikkukayum jappaante vipuleekaranathinethire sakthamaaya cheruthunilppu aavasyappedukayum cheytha deseeya raksha prasthaanatthil pankedutthathinum suu ariyappettirunnu. 1936ll arast cheyyappedukayum 1937 joolaiyil randaam saino-japanese yudhathinte thalennu mochitharaakukayum cheytha "ezhu manyanmaar" ennu vilikkappedunnavaril oraalaayirunnu addeham. yudhasamayathu zoo communist adheenathayilulla pradeshangalil jolie cheythu. 1944 joolaiyil shanghayil vachu addeham marikkukayum aaa varsham septambaril maranananthara chainees communist party amgathvam labikkukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum currier.
1895ll fujian pravishyayile fushouvil aarr makkalil moothayaalaayi zoo janichu. kudumbatthe pinthunaykkaan paadupedunna oru praayapoorthiyaakaatha udyogasthanaayirunnu addehathinte pithaav. utsava vasthrangalkkayi sthreekalil ninnu oordar edukkukayum kuttikalkkayi shoos nirmmikkukayum cheythukondu amma thayyal cheythu. soovinu panthrand vayassullappol aval marichu. zoo enchiniyaring padikkanamennu pithaav aagrahikkukayum shanghayile naan yang kolejilekku ayaykkukayum cheythenkilum 1919ll zoo sent. johns sarvakalashaalayil addeham engleeshil birudam nedi. oru pathrapravarthakanaakaan addeham aagrahichirunnuvenkila, birudaananthara birudatthinu sheshamulla addehathinte aadya jolikal engleesh padippikkunnathaayirunnu, pinneedu huwang yanpeyiyude neethrthwathilulla chaina vokkeshanal ejyukkeshan sosaittiyude (чин чине) edittoriyal bordinte directoraayirunnu.
1926-ll zoo sosaittiyude jenalaaya "shenghuvo sokkaan" (life weakley)-nte edittaraayi maarukayum athinte dauthyam thozhiladhishtitha vidyaabhyaasathil ninnu rashtreeya reportingilekkum saamoohika vimarshanathilekkum maattukayum cheythu. school vidyaabhyaasam muthaledukkaan aagrahichenkilum palappozhum sarvakalashaala vidyaabhyaasam thangaan kazhiyaathavarum surakshithamaaya oru professional jeevithathil praveshikkaan kazhiyillennu bhayappettavarumaya yuvaakkalaayirunnu thozhiladhishtitha samoohathinte lakshyam. aduthideyulla oru charithrakaarante vaakkukalil, "avarude vaayanakkaare chirippikkukayum karayukayum cheythathum ettavum pradhanamaayi, kooduthal kaaryangalkkayi adutha aazhcha thirike varunnathum enthaanennu kandethiya aaa itihaasa edittarmaaril oralaayi zoo maari."jolie, sneham, raashtreeyam ennivayekkurichu upadesham nalkia maasikayude upadesham kolamaaya" "vaayanakkaarude mailbox" "(" "dushe sinjiang" ") ll thaazhnna madhyavarga, thozhilaallivarga vaayanakkaarumaayi bandhappedunnathinulla eee kazhivu zoo kaanichu". vaayanakkar addehathe "tavofen" ennu lalithamaayi abhisambodhana cheyyukayum addehathinte utharangal purogathi sweekarikkunnathil udaaravum laingika peedanamo vivechanamo neridumbol oru yuvaavin undaayirunna parimithamaaya oopshanukalum chainayude maarikkondirikkunna sambadvyavasthayil samthrupthikaramaaya jolie kandethunnathil yuvaakkalkk undaayirunna thadassangalum vishadeekarikkunnathil yaadhaarthyabodhamullavayum.
albert ainsteen, maari curie, mohandas gaandhi, mustafa kemal thudangiya aadhunika naayakanmaarekkurichulla janapriya kathakal maasikayil ulppeduthiyirunnu. oru vijayakaramaya vaanijya samrambhakan enna nilayilulla thante vijayam zoo sweekarikkukayum muthalaalithathinu oru raajyathe shakthippeduthaan kazhiyumennu kaanicha jorjju eestmaaneppolulla videsha bisinesses prathibhakalekkurichu aaveshathode ezhuthukayum cheythu. 1926ll thomas eiii. yeei aspadamaakkiya moonnu bhaagangalulla parambarayaayirunnu addehathinte aadya vijayangalilonn. vidyaabhyaasamillaatha eee aankutti kadinaadhvaanathiloodeyum pooraattatthiloodeyum daaridryathil ninnu valia sambathilekku engane kadannuvennu edison vivarichu. soovinte edittarshippinu keezhil magazin 1925-ll 2,800-ll ninnu 1930-ll 80,000 aayi vardhikkukayum rashtreeya charchakalkkum saamoohika samvaadangalkkumulla oru vediyaayi maarukayum cheythu.
1931 septambaril japanese adhinivesavum manchuria pidichedukkalum sarkkaarine vimarsikkaan prerippichu. deseeyavaada sarkkaarine sakthamaaya cheruthunilppu vaagdaanam cheyyaan prerippikkunnathinulla oru vediyaayi mathramalla, kooduthal dridanishchayamulla sainyangalkkayi panam swaroopikkunnathinulla oru pracharanam aarambikkunnathinum suu thante maasika upayogichu. ithil manchooriyayile maa saanshaante sainyavum 1934ll kalapam azhichuvidaanirunna fyoojiyante swathanthramanaskaraaya 19-aamm roottil pravartthikkunna sainyavum ulppedunnu. suu maasikayude vitharanam 155,000 aayi vardhichu, ennaal sarkkar prathipaksha nethaakkale adichamarthaan thudangiyappol suu chaina vittu europilekku pooyi. 1933 desemberil sarkkar thante maasika adachupoottaan theerumaanichappol addeham pooyi. soovinte yaatra addehathe europiloodeyum thudarnnu soviyatt unionilekkum kondupoyi, avide addeham mosco sarvakalashaalayil oru venalkkaala sammelanathil pankedutthu, oduvil amerikkayilekkum, avide addeham 1935 juulai vare yaatra cheythu.
amerikkayilum soviyatt unionilum yaatra cheiyunnu.
janangale santhoshippikkunnathinu americaykku bhauthika aditharayundennum" "samriddhamaaya bhakshanavum vasthravum" undennum suu mathippulavaakki. ennaal mothatthil addeham vimarshanaathmakanaayirunnu. addeham thante chainees vaayanakkaarude oru lekhakanaayi report cheythu, "oru sharashari amerikkakkaaran oru kuttiyeppoleyanu; avanu kalikkaan oru puthiya kalippaattam undaayirikkanam, athu radio cityaayaalum mahjong settaayaalum, oru kuttiyeppole, avanum athu kalikkunnathil vegathil maduthu. sharashari amerikkakkaaran ellaayppozhum aasvadikkanam, eee vinodam aanandathil ninnu alppam vyathyasthavum yadhaartha santhoshathil ninnu kooduthal vyathyasthavumaan.
aafrikkan-amerikkakkaarude perumaattam addehathe vallathe njettichu. birminghamilum alabaamayile selmayilum aazhchakal chelavazhicha sesham, "thekke amerikkayile bharanavargathinte mayakkumarunnu visham ethratholam shakthamaan" ennu addeham abhiprayappettu."karutha factory thozhilaallikale samghadippikkunna oru koottam yuva purogamanavaadikalude aathmavishwaasam addeham nedi; avare booas vaadakaykku edutha rahasya ejantumaar pidikoodi, pattanatthinu purathu kondupoyi marddikkukayum pinneedu poleesinu kaimarukayum avar avare oru maasathekku jayilil adaykkukayum cheythu. "niyamavaazhchaykk keezhilulla oru rajyath itharam karyangal sambhavikkaamenn njaan athbhuthappettu", addeham chainayile thante prekshakarkkaayi ezhuthi." 
yaathrakalil videshathu ninnu samarppicha lekhanangalude oru parambarayil, padinjaaran europo americayo allathe soviyatt yooniyanil ninnaan thanikk kooduthal prachodanam labhichathennu addeham vyakthamakki. 1935 augustil shanghailekku madangiyethiya sesham addeham "dassong shenkhuyo" (janangalude jeevitam) enna peril oru puthiya prathivaara jenal aarambhichu, athinte dauthyam "deseeya vimochanam kaivarikkuka, fudal avashishtangal unmoolanam cheyyuka, vyakthivaadathe adichamarthuka" ennivayaanennu prakhyaapichu." 
deseeya rakshaasamgham, ezhu manyanmaar, aikyasamgham.
chainees communist partyile thurannathum rahasyavumaaya amgangal ulppede idathupaksha grouppukalude ayanja sakhyamaayirunnu deseeya rakshaasanghadana. nethaakkalil lii gongpu; shhein junru; thavo singhsi; aadyathe vanita abhibhashakariloraalaaya shhii liang; wang savoshi, shang naikhi, chiang kaii-shekkinte bharyasahodari polum ulppedunnu. 1936 augustil avar maavo sedonginode "japanese janathaykkethire pooraadunnathilum raajyathe rakshikkunnathilum ellah paarttikaleyum vibhaagangaleyum onnippikkunnathil aathmaarthatha prakadippikkanamennu" ahvaanam cheyth oru kathu prasidheekarichu. charchakal aarambikkunnathinum bhoovudamakalkkum sambannaraaya karshakarkum vyaapaarikalkkum soumyamaaya perumaattam nalkunnathinum kendra sarkkaarinullile akramanangal avasaanippikkaan avar addehathodu abhyarthichu. rakshaasamghathinte prakhyapanavum paripadiyum "oru raajyamillathe adimakalaakaan aagrahikkaatha bhooribhaagam chainees janathayudeyum abhipraayangaleyum aavasyangaleyum prathinidheekarikkunnu" ennu maavo anukoolamaayi prathikarichu."
1936 november 23nuu, sou ulppedeyulla salvation leaginte ettavum pradhanappetta nethaakkale arast cheyyaan chiang kaii-sheck utharavittu. avar pathrangalil "ezhu manyanmaar" (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ charitrakaaranaaya paarkk coble avarude "kuttakrithyam" "japanese saamraajyathvathe cherukkunnathine pinthunaykkukayaanennu abhipraayappedunnu. avarude arast chainaykkakatthum puratthumulla avarude sthaanangalkku prachaaravum pinthunayum srishtichu. joonn dway albert ainsteenum thangalude mochanam aavasyappetta oru aagola phaasist virudha prasthaanatthinte bhaagamaayi nanjingile chiyaanginte sarkkaarine nirddeshichu. avarude "kuttakrithyam" desasnehamaayathinaal taanum kuttakkaariyaanennum matellaa desasnehikaleyum arast cheyyanamennum quingling aavasyappettu. jappane akaalavum upayogashoonyavumaaya dhikkaramaayi thaan kandathinethire chiang urachuninnu. ennirunnaalum, 1937 joolaiyil, sainika nadapadiykku thayyaaraanenn addeham theerumaanikkukayum soovineyum sahapravarthakareyum mochippikkukayum cheythu. augustil yuddham pottippurappettappol chiyaanginulla janakeeya pinthuna puthiya uyarangalilethi.
mochithanaaya sesham, zoo vyakthigatharayi chiang kaii-shekkine kaanaan pooyi, sharathkaalath japanese sainyam shanghai pidichadakkiyappol, sovum rakshaasamghangalum pinvaangunnathinupakaram prathirodhatthinu ahvaanam cheythu. dridamaaya prathirodham undaayirunnittum shanghoy yuddham oru sainika duranthamaayirunnu. soovum rakshaasamghangalum abhimaanakaramaaya prathirodhatthe avasana yudhathinte thudakkamaayi kandu. ennirunnaalum, eee sramangal addehathinte prasidheekarana sthaapanamaaya "shenkhuyo shudian" adachupoottunnathil ninnum viyojip nirveeryamaakkaanulla oru pothu sarkkar shramathinte bhaagamaayi athinte jeevanakkaare jayililadakkunnathil ninnum samrakshichilla. maadhyamaswaathanthryathinu pracharanam zoo thudarnnu, pakshe vijayichilla.
deseeya thalasthaanam ulnaadan chonkingilekku maattiyappol, zoo chiyanginethiraaya akramanam thudarnnu, thudarnnu 1941 desemberil japanese nagaram pidichedutthappol hongonginte aapekshika surakshayilekku maari. chonkingle addehathe swaagatham cheyyaathathinaal addeham aadyam gwangdong-gwansey athirthiyile oru graamatthil thaamasichu, thudarnnu vadakkan jiangsuvile puthiya naalaamathe sainyathodoppam kurachukaalam thaamasichu. cheviyil vedanaajanakamaaya anubaadhayundaayirunnuve addeham vyaapakamaayi prabhashanam nadathukayum communist adheenathayilulla pradeshangalil thante pravartthanangal thudarukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1942 avasaanathode, thante prasidheekaranangalil aaveshakaramaaya swaram nilanirtthumbol, shubhaapthivishwaasamulla aikyathinte prarambha gattangal avasaanichuvennum deseeya sarkkar theevravaada adichamarthal upayogikkunnundennum saadhaaranakkaar jappaanethire pooraadunnathil nannayi arivullavaro aaveshabharitharo aayirikkanamennilla ennum zoo manassilakki.
1943 maarchil addehathinu cheviyil arbudam undennu kandethi. zoo shangaiyilekku madangiyethi, avide addeham aikyamunnaniye pinthunaykkunnathinum janaadhipathya gavanment sthaapikkunnathine prolsaahippikkunnathum bahujana vidyaabhyaasathinte vipuleekaranathinu ahvaanam cheiyunnathinum thudarnnu. maranam aduthuvannathode addeham thante rashtreeya niyamathe kurichu pankuvaykkaan thante kudumbatheyum kurachu suhruthukkaleyum orumichucherthu. thante mrithadeham ashupathriyil vichedikkanamennum athu samskarikkanamennum chithabhasmam yudhakaala communist aasthaanamaaya yananilekku ayaykkanamennum partyil amgamaakkanamennum thanikk moonnu aagrahangalundennu addeham ezhuthi. 1944 juulai 24nuu addeham marikkukayum septambar 28nuu party amgathvam labikkukayum cheythu.
kudumbam.
suu rund thavana vivaahithanaayirunnu. avarude vivaahathin rund varshathinu sesham addehathinte aadya bhaarya marichathinushesham, 1926-ll zoo shhein cusione vivaham kazhichu. avarkk rund aanmakkalundaayirunnu zoo jiahuwa (october 1926-), zoo jingmeng (<unk>; 1929-1999), oru makal, zoo jiyali (<unk>).
1944ll pithaav shanghailekku poyathinushesham puthiya naalaamathe sainika jillayil zoo jiahuwa thaamasichu. addeham partyil cherukayum oru nirmmaana udyogasthanum enchineeyarum aayi maarukayum cheythu. 1949 nuu sesham, saamskaarika viplavasamayathu oru valathupakshakkaaranenna nilayil vimarsanam labhichenkilum addeham kramanugathamaayi uyarnnu. mavoic sheshamulla kaalaghattatthil addeham automotive vyavasaayathile oru unnatha udyogasthanaayirunnu, 1991 ll vais premiyaraayi.
chainayile kalavastha bharanakoodatthinte thalavan loka kalavastha samghadanayude prasidantumaayirunnu suu jingmeng. 1999ll beijinglewech moshtaakkal addehathe kolappedutthi.