
protocol oof sent. peettezhsburg (1826)

protocol oof sent. greak swaathanthryasamaram pariharikkunnathinulla 1826-leeii anglo-russian kararayirunnu peettezhsburg.
pashchaathalam.
1821ll greekkukaar automan saamraajyathinethire kalapam nadatthi. vienna kongras sthaapicha nilavile sthithi nilanirthaan prathijnjaabadharaaya bhooribhaagam europian shakthikalum automan janataye pinthunachu. vienna kongrassinu sesham, grettu brittan, france, russia, austriya, russia enniva ulppedunna europile mahashakthikalellaam europian nayathanthram abhimukeekarikkunna ellah prashnangalilum samavayathilethunnathinum europile yudhavum viplavavum thadayunnathinaayi yooroppinte kacheri nilanirthunnathinum kongrasukal samghadippikkunnathinulla nayathil ikyappettu. europian shakthikalil, yudhathil ettavum thaalpparyamullath rashyayaayirunnu, cook kayarka udambadi prakaram automan saamraajyathile ellah yaadhaasthithika janathayudeyum samrakshakanaanennu avyakthamaaya avakaashavaadam undaayirunnu. russiayude parambaraagatha shathruvaaya musleem automan saamraajyathinethire pooraadunna oru yaadhaasthithika janataye sahayikkaanulla aagrahathinidayilaanu russian videsanayam pilarnnathu. europil sthaapithamaaya kramam uyarthippidikkaanulla aagrahavum ottomanmaare pinthunaykkunna "yooroppinte kacherikkullil" oru lamghanam apakadathilaakkaanulla vimukhathayum. 1821 joolaiyil, eesttar njaayarazhcha konstantinoppilinte pathriarchese gregory vii thookkilettappettathinnethu, russia yuddham bheeshanippeduthukayum yaadhaasthithika vishwaasathe apamaanikkunna eee mahathaaya porttumaayulla nayatantra bandham vichedikkukayum cheythu. ottoman bharanakoodam yaadhaasthithika purohithanmaare vadhikkunnath thudarukayaanenkil russian alttimettam "muzhuvan kristhumathavumaayum samyukthamaayi" yudhathinu bheeshaniyaayi, ithu europile mattu valia sakthikalaaya brittan, france, austriya, russia ennivayellaam ottomanmaare pinthunachathinaal oru thattippayi maari, thangalude niyamaanusritha sarkkaarinethire kalaashicha greekkukaare takarkkaan udaathamaaya thuramukhathinu avakaashamundennum russia pinmariyennum vaadichu.
kongras samvidaanathinte thakarcha.
greekkukalkkethiraaya automan athikramangalekkurichulla kooduthal vaarthakalethudarnnu, alexander onnaaman chakravarty mattu mahashakthikalkkaayi oru "memoire" purappeduvichu, greasine moonnu ardha-paramadhikaara naatturaajyangalaayi vibhajichu yuddham pariharikkanamenn nirddeshichu, avarude rajakumaaranmaare sultan naamanirddesham cheyyanamennu soochippichu. alexanderude padhathiye austriyan videshakaarya mantri rajakumaran clemens voonn meternikkum britiish videshakaarya sekrattari jorjju canning ethirthu; randiloraal 1824 meyy maasathil paarees pathratthinu chorthi russian padhathi attimarichu, koodaathe russian padhathi greekkukaarum ottomanmaarum nirasichu. greekkukaar poornna swaathanthryathinu nirbandham pidichappol automanmaar greekkukalkku oru adikaaravum vittukodukkaan thayyarayilla.
pathonpathaam noottaandile britiish videshanayathile pradhana prashnangalilonn "kizhakkan chodyam" aayirunnu, athaayath thakarnnukondirunna automan saamraajyathe engane nilanirthaam, russia baalkkanil ninnu engane akattinirtthaam, ithu britteeshukaare rashyaykkethiraaya mahathaaya thuramukhathe pothuve pinthunaykkaan prerippichu. athesamayam, brittanile greekkukaarod vyapakamaaya sahathapam chila greak anukoola nadapadikal kaikkollan kaaranamaayi, ithu 1823 maarchil kadalkkollakkaarkk pakaram greak yudhakkappalukale niyamaanusrithamaaya yudhakkalangalaayi amgeekarichathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, ithu europile ettavum automan anukoola raashtrathanthranjanaayirunna mettarnikkinte theevramaaya prakopanatthinu kaaranamaayi. 1824 maarchil, greak sarkkaarinaayi lunden nagaratthil vaaypayedukkaan canning anuvadichu. aaa shakthikkethire prakopanamillaathe sathruthayil earppeduka" ennathaayirikkum "thantethallaatha oru kalahathil" ennu visheshippikkaavunna eee mahathaaya thuramukhathe akramikkaan greekkukaare sahaayikkunnathine thaan athirkkunnuvennum ennaal athe samayam yuddham avasaanippikkaan madhyasthatha vahikkaan vaagdaanam cheyyukayum greekkukaarum shreshtamaaya thuramukhavum athu sweekarikkaan thayyaaraanenn oru prasamgatthil canning prasthaavichu. mattu shakthikalumayi chernnu" madhyasthatha vahikkaan maathrame thaan thayyaarulloovennum brittan, france, prussia, austriya, russia ennivaye onnippicha kvintappil sakhyathinte kongrasukalude oru theerumaanathinum brittan baadhyasthamallennum canning paranju. oru miller oru mill veelinullil kaalukuthukayum aramanikkoor athu tirikkaan sammathikkukayum cheytha oru yuvaavinte "arabian raathrikalil" ninnulla oru katha canning upayogichu, "ennaal orikkal akathu kayarumbol, avan nirthaan shramikkumbozhellaam chaattavaaradikkappedunnu; athinidayil, miller thante chinthakal mattu bisinessilekku thirikkunnu". canninginte saadrushyathil, brittan yuvavum europile kongras samvidaanavum millarumaayirunnu; kvintappil sakhyathinte kongrasukal palikkaan brittan sammathikkukayaanenkil, brittan mattu europian shakthikalude lelam vilikkum, athinaalaan pakaram ubhaykakshi charchakalkku munganana nalkunnathu.
1825 januvariyil kvintappil sakhyathinte oru kongras sent. brittan pankedukkaattha alexanderude "memoire" charcha cheyyaan peettezhsburg, athil austriya, prussia, france ennivayellaam greak yuddham thangale baadhikkaatha oru aabhyanthara kaaryamanennum greekkukaare oru swaathanthryavum anuvadikkunnathu mattu europian janataye viplavathil earppedaan prolsaahippikkukaye cheiyukayulloovenna automan nilapaadinu anukoolamaayi puratthuvannu. mettarnikkinte automan anukoola nayangalil ottappedukayum prakopithanaavukayum cheytha alexander 1825 augustil viyannayile thante ambaasadare mettarnikkinodu samsaarikkaruthenn ariyichu, kaaranam chakravarthikku "thanikk pratheekshikkan avakashamulla sevanangalude parasparabandham" labhikkunnilla. britiish pothujanaabhipraayathe samaadhaanippikkukayum greasine automan saamraajyathinte bhaagamaayi nilanirthukayum cheiyunna greak swaathanthryasamarathil samyuktha anglo-russian madhyasthathaykkaayi alexanderumaayi oru dhaarana nedumennu pratheekshicha canning, sent sent raajasabhayile russian ambaasadarude bharyayaaya dorothea leaven rajakumari valarthi. jaims, prins christopher liven. budhimaanum kazhivullavalumaaya leaven rajakumari thante bharthaavine marikadannappol brittanile yadhaartha russian ambasaderaayirunnu. greak yudhathinte parihaaratthinaayi kvintappil sakhyathinte kongras samvidaanathiloode pravartthikkaan alexander aagrahikkunnillennum yudhathinte ubhaykakshi anglo-russian madhyasthathayil earppedaan thayyaranennum russian videshakaarya mantri kaal neselodil ninnulla oru sandesham dii leaven rajakumari canningin kaimari.
1825 octoberil, braittanile oru spaa yill canningumayulla koodikkazhchayil, russia yudhathil ubhaykakshi anglo-russian madhyasthatha aagrahikkunnuvennum greesinaayi aasoothranam cheythathayi parayappedunna "anachara padhathi" yekkurichum rajakumari dii liven addehathodu "oof-dhii-record" sambhaashanathil paranju. greekkukaare paraajayappeduthaan kazhiyaathe, thante makan ibram pasha eejipshyan sainyatheyum greasylake ayacha greekkukaare takarkkaan eejipthile "vaali" (govarnor) mohammed aliye eee mahathaaya thuramukham kshanichirunnu. greekkile muzhuvan kristhyan janathayeyum adimakalaayi eejipthilekk naadukadatthunnathinum avare eejipt karshakare niyamikkunnathinum ibrahim paasha "krooratha padhathi" aasoothranam cheythathayi parayappedunnu, angane greasile kalaapathinteyum eejipthile amita janasamkhyayudeyum prasnangal ottayadikku pariharikkappedunnu. ibrahim paashayude sainyam praabalyatthil varunnathinu munbu, eejipthile paashayumaayi portt oru karaaril earppettirunnuvennum, greak ibrahim paashayude eathu bhaagavum keezhadakkamennu addeham sammathichuvennum, thante adhinivesham nirthalaakkaanulla padhathi muzhuvan greak janathayeyum neekkam cheyyaanum eejiptilo mattidattho adimathathilekku kondupokaanum eejipthukaareyum mattu mohammed [muslim] mathakkareyum upayogichu raajyathe veendum janavaasathilekku kondupokaanum aanennum" ennu franch vaayanayil ezhuthiya oru kurippil rajakumari dii liven ezhuthi. anachara padhathi", nadappaakkukayaanenkil russia eee mahathaaya thuramukhavumaayi yuddham cheiyunnathu anivaryamaakkum, kaaranam kachuk-kainardji udambadiyude nagnamaaya lamghanam sent. russia ottomanmaare paraajayappedutthumennu bhayann peettezhsburg canning britiish pothujanabhipraayam "anachara padhathi" yill prakopithamaakumennu arinjappol, "aavashyamenkil balaprayogathiloode, ibrahim paashaykk nirddeshicha padhathiyude poorttheekaranam thadayaan" brittan thayyaaraanenn aadyamaayi prasthaavichu. 
1825 desember 1 nuu alexander niyamaanusrithamaaya kuttikalillaathe marikkukayum addehathinte ilaya sahodaran grand duke nicolas pingamiyaayi nicolas onnaaman chakravarthiyaayi maarukayum cheythu. russian simhaasanathinte pingaamiyaakaanirunna manushyan, thaan ippol saaraanenn ariyikkappedumbol athbhuthappettupoya grand duke nicolaasine ariyikkathe vaarsoyil thante poolish yajamaaniyodoppam thudaraan kazhiyunnathinayi simhaasanathinulla thante avakashangal upekshicha polandile russian gavarnaraaya grand duke konsttanteyn aayirunnu. 1825 desemberile vanjanaaparamaaya kalapam nicolassine vallathe ilakki marichu, udaaramanaskaraaya oru koottam sainika udyogasthar oru attimari nadatthi chakravarty aaranenna ashayakkuzhappam muthaledukkaan shramichappol, ithu ellah vimatharodumulla nicolaasinte vidveshathe shakthippeduthi. brittanil nicolas valare anjjaathamaaya oru gunamaayirunnu, alexanderude videsanayam pinthudaraan nicolas padhathiyittirunno illayo ennu canning valare anishchithathvathilaayirunnu. viplavathinethiraya ethirppinu peruketta oru theevra yaadhaasthithikanaayirunnu nicolas, sent. peettezhsburg landanodu report cheythu "yuva chakravarthiyaaya nick sadgunashaalikalum durithamanubhavikkunnavaram greekkukaarekkurich oru vaikkol polum shradhikkunnilla. sayudha edapedalo eathenkilum tharatthilulla edapedalukalo swantham prajakale kalaapathin kshanikkunnathinekkaal mikachathaayi addeham kanakkakkunnu. puthiya chakravartthiyude padhathikalude rahasyam pariharikkunnathin, britiish manthrisabha vellington rajakumarane sent. simhaasanathil vijayichathin nikkolanmaare abhinandikkunnathinaayi peettezhsburg, pakshe yadhaarthathil greak swaathanthryasamarathil anglo-russian madhyasthathaykkulla thante sahodarante padhathikal thudaraan addeham thayyarano ennu nokkaan.
protocol.
1826 march 2nuu vellington nikkolanmaare kandumutty greesinekkurichulla addehathinte nilapad enthaanennu chodichu. thudakkathil, greak chodyathodu nikkolanmaar nissamgatha kaanichirunnuvenkilum, denubian naatturaajyangalekkurichu tharkkam nikkolanmaar russian samthrupthiyode pariharichathinushesham, udaathamaaya portt vazhangiyillengil yuddham cheiyumennu bheeshanippeduthunna oru anthima munnariyipp upayogichu, prins dii liven sent. peettezhsbargil vellingtonilaanu gauravameriya charchakal aarambhichath. 1826 epril 4 nuu sent. franch bhashayil ezhuthiya peettezhsburg protocolil russiayk vendi prins dii liven nezeload brittanu vendi wellington oppuvachu. protocolinte nibandhanakal ivayaayirunnu 
swaadheenam.
sent ennathinte praadhaanyam. peettezhsburg protocol athinte krithyamaaya nibandhanakalode othungiyilla, pakshe greak swaathanthryasamarathinte anthaaraashtravalkkaranathi thudakkathil, rund mahaashakthikal yudhathil madhyasthatha earppeduthaanulla padhathikku sammathikkukayum greekkukalkku parimithamaaya swaathanthryam nalkukayum avarude madhyasthatha vaagdaanam nirasikkappettal balaprayogam nadatthaan thayyarakukayum cheythu. russia brittan ottaykku pravartthikkaan thayyarayathinaal yooroppinte vidhi theerumaanikkuka ennathaayirunnu kvintappil sakhyathinte adhikaarangalekkurichulla oru kongras edutha theerumaanangal. mettarnichu sent poornnamaayum nirasichu. peettezhsburg protocol, airish britiish kireedatthinethire kalapam nadathukayum fraansile rajaavu madhyasthatha vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythaal "appol [britiish] raajaavinte avakashangalil thulyamaaya oru shakthiyaayi kanakkakkaan englandu thayyarano, irelandile kalapakaarikalaaya sarkkar ennu svayam prakhyaapikkunna aadyathe airish club? airish sarkkar kshanichathukondu madhyasthante udyogasthane sweekarikkunna franch sakthiye nyaayeekarikkunnathaayi kanakkakkaan?...eee asambandham namme evidekkaanu nayikkaathirikkunnath?. france madichuninnappol austriyayude leed pinthudarunna prussia protocol nirasichu. franch videsanayam automan saamraajyavumaayulla paareesinte parambaraagatha sakhyathinum oppamulla sakhyathinum idayil thakarnnu. franch janathayude greak anukoola vikarangal, 1827 juulai vare franchukaar anglo-russian madhyasthathayude vaagdaanavumaayi svayam bandhappettirunnilla. mohammed alii dhii grettu franchukaarkku anukoolamaayirunnu, rund franch generalukaludeyum mattu aarr udyogastharudeyum oru franch sainika dauthyathe thante sainyathe parisheelippikkunnathinum fraansil ninnu aayudangal vaangunnathinum niyamichu, eee kaaranangalal franch sarkkar eejipthukaarkk anukoolamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, franch pothujanabhipraayam greak anukoolamaayirunnu, mohammed alii thante swantham lakshyangal nedunnathinu franchukaare maathrame upayogikkunnulloo ennathinte adayaalangal paareesine kooduthal greak anukoola sthaanathekku nayichu. 1826 august 10 nuu, canning sent nibandhanakal paalichu. landanile franch ambaasadarumaayulla peettezhsburg protocolum 1826 septambar-october maasangalil paareesilekk deerghakaala sandarshanavum tularies kottaaratthil chaals ex rajaavumaayi koodikkazhchayum nadatthi. brittan russia francinopamo allaatheyo pravartthikkaan pookunnundennu vyakthamayirunnathinaal, madhyasthathayude oofaril franchukaar pankedutthirunnenkil, greasil franch swaadheenam urappikkunnathinulla oru maarggam ivideyundaayirunnu, ennaal franchukaar angane cheythillengil, grease poornnamaayum russian, britiish swaadheenathinu keezhilaakum. neenda charchakalkku sesham, britiish, franch, russian sarkkarukal 1827 joolaiyil lunden udambadiyil oppuvachu, athu pradhaanamaayum sent. peettezhsburg protocol. lunden udambadi protocolinte adisthaanathil oru vedinirthalum yudhathinte madhyasthathayum nirddeshikkukayum madhyasthatha vaagdaanam nirasikkunnavarkkethire moonnu sakthikal balaprayogam nadathumennu munnariyipp nalkukayum cheythu. greekkukaar anglo-franco-russian madhyasthathayude vaagdaanam sweekarichappol automanmaar athu nirasichu. angane ottomaan, eejipshyan naavikasenakale britiish, franch, russian kappalukal nashippicha navarino yudhathinu vediyorukki.

