
fathu-hiva

franch polynesiayile markwas dveepukalude thekke attathulla dveepaanu faattu-hiva ("echu" ennu ucharikkappedunnilla, thaazhe peru vibhaagam kaanuka), ithu pasaphik samudrathile fraansinte oru videsha pradesamaanu. ettavum adutha ayalrajyamaaya mottu naavo aayathinal janavaasamulla dveepukalil ettavum otappettathum ivideyaanu.
"paryavekshakanum puraavastu gaveshakanumaaya thore hairdall ezhuthiya oru pusthakatthinte thalakkett koodiyaanu "fathu hiva", athil addeham 1930kalil dveepil thaamasichathinekkurichu vivarikkunnu.
peru.
markwenson dveepile dveepinte peru faattu iva ennaanu ("echu": illaathe). ennirunnaalum, orupakshe "hiva" (nuku-hiva, hiva-ovaa) enna moolakam adangiya mattu markwesson dveepukalude swaadheenathilum franch bhashayil "echu" enna aksharam nishabdamaayathukondum europpukaar eee peru "faattu-hiva" ennu rekhappeduthiyittundu. fathu-hiva" enna aksharavinyasam ippol audyogikamaayi mariyirikkunnu.
pathinaram noottaandil spanish paryavekshakar eee dveepinu "isla magdalana" ("magdalana dweep") ennu perittu, eee peru apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkaavoo.
1817-ll kaamili dii rockfuel lokamembaadumulla yaathraykkide "bordalysil" prathyakshappetta mattoru naamaroopamaanu hatohewa.
1838ll jools dumont dii 'arvilleyude oru kruthiyil phaatto-hiva enna aksharavinyasam prathyakshappedunnu.
charithram.
aadyathe kudiyettakkaar.
dveepasamoohathile mattu dveepukaleppole, faattu aivayilum yadhaarthathil polynesiakkaar adhivasichirunnu, avar orupakshe padinjaaran polynesiayil ninnu vannavarayirikkaam.
vividha thaazhvarakal thammilulla sathrutha pathivaayirunnu. avayilonnil, pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil, hanavaveyile anainovappa gothravum omovayile teauve parasparam ettumutti. randaamathethu, parajayappettu, mulla raafttukalil dveepil ninnu palayanam cheyyukayum avarude pingaamikal ippozhum thamasikkunna naapuka attolile thuvaamottasil athicherukayum cheythu. fathu ivayil thudarnna tiu maanthrikan thaazhvarayile sthalangalude perukal vijayikalkk velippeduthukayum (avarude paramadhikaaram amgeekarikkunnathinulla oru maargam) thante paraajayatthinteyum gothratthinte avasaanathinteyum pratheekamaayi svayam jeevanode kuzhichumoodukayum cheythu.
missionarymaarude varavu athine valareyadhikam baadhichathinaal europian swaadheenathinu munbu faattu hiva samskaarathekkurich valarekkurache ariyoo. bakkiyulla markwas dveepukalilennapole valia thaazhvarakalilaanu tharamthiricha gothrasamoohangal roopeekrithamaayathu. 1897-ll jarmman paryavekshakanaaya kaal voonn denne steynan hanamoohe, hanaatton, hanaahouna, ooyiya, hanaave, omova thaazhvarakalil vasikkunna ombathu gothrangalekkurichu vivarichu. hanavave thaazhvarayil naalu gothrangale kallukalil ninnu ariyappedunnu.
chittayaya puraavastu khananagal ithuvare nadannittilla. honoluluvile bishop myusiyathinu vendi american naravamshashaasthranjanaaya ralph lintan 1920-1921 ll uparithala anweshanam nadatthi. maarkvassaasile mattu dveepukale apekshichu kandethalukalude ennam kuravaanu, koodaathe vipulamaaya nirmmaana pravartthanangal kuravaanennu soochippikkunnu. lintan omova thaazhvarayil vaasasthalangalaaya (pepe) niravadhi tohuvayudeyum (achaaraparavum adhikaarakendrangalum) cheria meeyeyudeyum avashishtangal kandethi. ithu niravadhi gothrangal avide thaamasichirunnathaayi lintan samshayikkaan kaaranamaayi. hanaway thaazhvarayile hraswa sandarshana velayil lintaninu oru tohuvayude cheria avashishtangalum aachaaraparamaaya oru kallu vediyum maathrame kandethaan kazhinjulloo. maarkvassaasile mattu dveepukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, faattu hivayude marichavare idaykkide mummy cheyyukayum (pukavalikkukayum) palappozhum veedukalil kuzhichidukayum cheythirunnu.
dveepil valia kallu prathimakalonnum kandethiyittillengilum chila cheruthum asamskrithavumaaya kallu shilpangal samrakshikkappettittund. charitraatheetha kaalath fathuhivayekkurichu mikacha kalaasrishtikal undaayirunnillenn ithinarthamilla. kaalangalayi nilanilkkaatha, thaathkaalikamaaya srishtikalkku peruketta, taattoo aarttistukalkkum maram kothupanikalkkum eee dweep perukettathaayirunnu.
europian paryaveshanavum kolanivalkkaranavum.
paashchaathya veekshanakonil, 1595 juulai 21 nuu spanish naavikaraaya alvarro dii mendanayanu faattu iva kandethiya aadyathe paryavekshakan. addeham kanda dveepasamoohathile aadyathe dveepaayirunnu ithu, pakshe surakshithamaaya oru nankooram kandethaan kazhiyaathathinal addehathinu avide erangaan kazhinjilla. thaan oru puthiya bhoomi kandethiyennu manassilaakkunnathin munbu, thante yaathrayude lakshyamaya solomon dveepukal kandethiyennu addeham thettayi vishwasichu. thanikk nalkia sahaayathin nandi prakadippikkaan aagrahichukondu", thante paryaveshanam aarambikkaan sahaayicha akkaalathe peru visroyiyude bahumaanaartham addeham dveepasamoohathinu "markwas dii mendosa" ennu perittu. sentinte jaagrathaykkide mendana athiyappol. 1595-ll merii magdalena eee sthalathinu isla magdalena ennu perittu.
1937lum 1938lum norwegian naravamshashaasthranjanum saahasikanumaya thore hairdall bhaarya livum aadyam omovayilum pinneedu dveepinte kizhakkan theerathe ippol vijanamaaya thazhvarayaaya ooviyayilum onnara varsham faattu ivayil thaamasichu. polynesian dveepukalkkidayil mrugangalude vitharanavum vyaapanavum anweshikkaan oosloo sarvakalashaala audyogikamaayi niyogicha eee yaathrayile addehathinte ettavum vyakthiparamaaya lakshyam, athu addehathinte vivaha yaatra koodiyaayirunnu, "thekkan kadalilekku kappalodikkuka" ennathaayirunnu, orikkalum madangukayumilla. 1937ll dambathikal omovayil athichernnenkilum samskaaram ippozhum thangalkk eshtappedaathavidham kooduthalaanennu kandethi. avar dweep kadannu dveepinte kizhakkan theerathulla ooviyayil sthirathaamasamaakki, munbu maarkyoosukal adhivasichirunna oru thaazhvara. ennirunnaalum, onnara varshathinusesham kothukukalum rogangalum mosham kaalaavasthayum avarude avesham kurachu. 1974ll punarnirmmikkukayum fathu hiva, prakrithiyilekkulla thirichuvaravu enna peril prasidheekarikkukayum cheytha paa juct efttar paradiset (1938) enna pusthakatthile thante anubhavam addeham vivarichu.
1960 kalude thudakkathil, 1966 vare, dveepile bhooribhaagam aalukalum pasaphik [aanava] pareekshana kendratthinte nirmmaanathinaayi thuvaamottu dveepasamoohathile morurovayilaanu jolic poyath.
2011 march 11 nuu, sourashakthiyil grahathe parikramanam cheytha aadyathe kappalaya plaanatsolar adventurinte paryaveshana nethaavaaya swis paryavekshakanaaya rafale domjan faattu haiva vilichu.
bhoomishaasthram.
fathu-hivayude kizhakkan theerapradeshatthinte savisheshatha niravadhi idungiya thaazhvarakalaanu, avaa ulbhaagathekku nayikkunna aruvikalaal kothiyeduthirikkunnu. eee thaazhvarakalkkidayil nerittu kadalilekku veezhunna paarakkettukalil avasaanikkunna thalapradeshangalundu, avaykkidayilulla uyarnna parvathanirakk mukaliloodeyo bottiloodeyo maathrame avaykkidayilulla yaatra saadhyamaakoo. eee thaazhvarakalil ettavum valuth yuyayilaan.
padinjaaran theerapradeshathinu vadakku rund pradhana ulkkadalukalundu, hanah wave (bay oof virjins allengil "beyy dess viyarjas" ennum ariyappedunnu), thekkan pasafikkile ettavum manoharamaaya saittukalilonn, thekk omovayude nannayi samrakshikkappetta thuramukham. iva randinum idayil niravadhi cheria thaazhvarakalundu.
dveepinte madhyabhaagathu uyarnna pullukalum pantanus marangalum niranja oru peedabhoomiyundu. peedabhoomiyude thekk, thekk bhaagathekku ozhukunna, 1,125 meter (3,691 adii) uyaramulla ettavum uyaram koodiya kodumudiyaaya touvoho ennariyappedunna oru parvathanirayundu.) faattu-haivayile ettavum uyarnna poyintaanu. peedabhoomiyil ninnu vadakkum vadakkupadinjaarum bhaagathekku pookunna phaa vann enna parvathanirayil ettavum uyaram koodiya kodumudi 820 meter (2,690 adii) aanu.).
bhoomishaasthram.
parasparam bandhippikkunna rund agniparvvathangalude kizhakkan pakuthiyaanu faattu hima roopappedunnathu.
ekadesham ettu kilometer vyaasamulla aadyathe calderaic 1000 meteriladhikam uyaramulla kodumudikalude ardhavrithaakrithiyilulla parambara roopappedunna kuthane muricha oru arikaanullath. ithu pradhaanamaayum bassault, pikraitt, hawait enniva kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. 24 muthal 18 laksham varsham vareyaanu ithinte praayam. aadyathethil sthithi cheiyunna randaamathe calderaic moonnu muthal naalu kilometer vare vyaasamund. laharukal moolamundaakunna hanaway ulkkadalile kanyakayude "prathimakal" enna aakarshakamaaya bassault nirakal theliyikkunnathupole sakthamaaya oru pottitheriyiloodeyaanu ithu srishtikkappettathu. ithu 16.8 muthal 13.3 laksham varshangalkk munbullathaanu. pradhana spodanam 1.42 emm. eiii. 2 aanennu thonnunnu.
dveepile rund graamangalile thaazhvarakal rund kaalderakalkkidayilulla idathinte ettavum mukalilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
sasyajaalangal.
theeradesha mekhalayileyum thaazhvarakalileyum vaasasthalangalkku chuttumulla bhooprakrithi manushya bhakshya ulppaadanathinaayi vipulamaayi punarnirmmichittundu, athinaal yadhaartha sasyajaalangal valare kuravaanu avasheshikkunnath. ithinakam thanne charitraparamaaya kaalathe vanthothilulla edapedalukal dveepinte thaazhnna, madhya pradeshangalile anjjaathamaaya ennam thaddesheeya, thaddesheeya sasyangalude vamshanaashathin kaaranamaayi. innathe nivaasikal breadfruit, thenga, jaam, tarro, madhurakkizhang, vazhappazham, mattu pazhangal enniva krishi cheiyunnu.
parvathapradeshangalude uyarnna pradeshangal parvatha mazhakkaadukalum marangalude fernukalaal chitharikkidakkunna meghavanangalum kondu moodappettirikkunnu. 600 meterinu mukalil, "metrosideros" marangalulla pulmedukal. koodaathe "terrophilla markwezana" aadhipathyam pulartthunnu. ennirunnaalum, kaattupotthukal sasyajaalangale gurutharamaayi baadikkunnathinaal eee apraapya pradeshangal polum bheeshaniyilaanu. kodumudikalum parvathanirakalude vipulamaaya malayidukkukalum varandathaanu.
parvatha mazhakkaadukalil ippozhum "akrosiya faattuhivensis", "melicope faattuhivensis" (siin) thudangiya chila thaddesheeya sasyangal vasikkunnu. "pelia faattuhivensis"), ithinakam vamshanasham sambhavichirikkaavunna rutesee kudumbatthile oru vrukshamaanu. "700 muthal 850 meter vare uyarathil metrosideros, dicranopteris, lycopodium ennivayulla thaazhnna ridge toppilum cliff kuttichedikalilum valarunna oru thaddesheeya kuttichediyaanu terrophilla tremuloids.
1988ll smithsonian sthaapanathinte pinthunayode sasyajalangalekkurichulla chittayaya padanatthil 175 thaddesheeya sasyangalum 21 thaddesheeya sasyangalum 136 naravamsha sasyangalum kandethiyirunnu.
janthujaalangal.
sambannamaaya sasyajaalangal thaarathamyena jeevivarga-daridra janthujaalangalumaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. karaa, kadal pakshikal, praanikal, chithrashalabhangal, chilanthikal, otta inam vavvalukal ennivayil ithu parimithappedutthiyirikku. monraachide kudumbatthile oru pakshiyaya faattu hiva monkaarkk ("pomaria vitni") thaddesheeyamaanu. faattu haiva elikalillaathathaayi kanakkakkunnathinaal vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna karapakshikale maarksaasile mattu dveepukalil ninnu mattaanulla sramangal nadakkunnu. udaaharanathinu, thatha kudumbatthile ultramerine lorikkeettil ("vini ultramerina") ithu vijayakaramaan.
bharanam.
bharanaparamaayi, markwas dveepukalude bharana upavibhaagathinte bhagamaaya faattu-hivayude kammyoon (munisippaalitti) faattu-hiva roopeekarikkunnu. kammyoonil faattu-hiva maathram ulppedunnu. dveepinte thekkupadinjaaran bhaagathulla omovayude vaasasthalamaanu ithinte bharanaparamaya sthaanam.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
2002leeii sensus prakaram fathu-hivayude janasamkhya 584 umm 2012ll 611 umm 2017ll 633 umm aayirunnu. thalasthaanamaaya omovayum athe perilulla ulkkadalile hanaveh aanu pradhana gramangal. janasamkhya pradhaanamaayum krishi, karakaushala vasthukkal, vinodasanjaaram ennivayil ninnaan jeevikkunnath. dveepinte aurography oru airstrip nirmmikkaan anuvadikkunnilla; boat vazhi maathrame ivide athicheraan kazhiyoo.
pradhaanamaayum rund tharatthilulla kudiyettam kaaranam 1990 kalude avasaanathil faattu-hiva janasamkhyaaparamaaya idivu anubhavichu
ennirunnaalum, 2007 muthal pradhaanamaayum haana wave, omova, yuya ennee gramangalil vyaapichukidakkunna janasamkhyaaparamaaya veendedukkal anchu varshathinide 4 sathamaanam vardhanayode undaayittund.
matham.
1877-ll catholica missionarymar eee dveepine kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheythu. dveepile rund mathaparamaya kettidangal catholica sabha niyanthrikkunnu ("diosesis tayohanas" "siyu humane telluris" allengil "diose dii tayohe"): hanavaveyile sent maikkalinte palli ("églice de Sant-michel"), omovayile samadhaanathinte nammude sthreeyude palli ("églice de notre-Dame-de-paix").
sambadghadana.
praadhamika mekhala ippozhum prabalamaanu, prathyekichu tyoona, macarell, boonitoo, waldfish, marlyn fishing, athupole thanne crayfish. charakk wilkan charakk kappalukalude varavu vare kaathirikkaan anuvadikkunna oru colled storeju soukaryam munisippaalittiyund. kopra krishi ippozhum valare pradhaanamaan, athupole thanne ettavum puthiya krishi 
noni. irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil kaappi krishi praayogikamaayi upekshikkappettu. thangalude vyakthiparamaaya aavasyangalkkaayi, nivaasikal kaattupannikaleyum aadukaleyum vettayaadukayum kadalvibhavangalum pazhangalum dhaaraalamaayi shekharikkukayum cheiyunnu. sandarshakarkku swamedhayaa pazhangal nalkaan avar madikkilla.
1960-kalum 1970-kalum muthal karakaushalavasthukkal ganyamaayi vikasichu, pradhaanamaayum vinodasanchaarathinu nandi. taapayaan dveepinte prathyekatha. innum avaa parambaraagatha reethiyilaan, pradhaanamaayum monocrome upayogichaanu nirmmikkunnath. ennirunnaalum, thilangunna vaalnattil ninnulla kanjikku pakaram raasa chayangal ippol upayogikkunnu.
euroyumaayi bandhippichirikkunna sii. eph. pii frank aanu currency.
dweep nivaasikal pradhaanamaayum upajeevana krishiyilaanu jeevikkunnath. apoorvamaaya cruis kappal vinodasanchaarikalkkum mattu navikarkkum monoi oayil, kothupanikal, peyint cheytha bark rafia enniva vilkkunnath kurachu varumanam undaakkunnu.
vinodasanjaaram.
vimaanathaavalathinte abhavam kaaranam vinodasanjaaram parimithamaanengilum cruis kappalukal dweep sandarshikkunnu. baankukalo atm mesheenukalo taxikalo illaathathum parimithamaaya thaamasoukaryangalullathumaaya parimithamaaya vinodasanjaara adisthaana soukaryangal maathrameyulloo. fathuhivayil kulikkunna beechukalilla.
rund graamangalkkidayilulla moonnu manikkoor kaalnadayaathra kuthaneyullathaanenkilum dweep, kadal, vellachaattam ennivayude kazhchakal nalkunnu.
omovayile grelett myoosiyathil vaar clubbukal, tikkikal, kothiyeduttha thadi pathrangal ennivayulppede praadeshika karakaushala vasthukkalude shekharam undu.
raashtreeyavum sarkkarum.
raashtreeyamaayi, eee dweep franch polynesiayil (payed dii aoutre-merr-poom) pedunnu, athinaal europian unionumaayi affiliate cheythittundu. franch polynesiayile republicinte hye kammeeshanariyattinte ("howt-kammisariyatt dii laa republic enn polynessi frankays") oru upavibhagamaanu ("sub division administrative dess ails markways") ithu bharikkunath. faattu hiva 636 nivaasikalulla (2012) oru swatantra munisippaalitti (kammyoon dii faattu hiva) roopeekarikkunnu, janasandrata ekadesham 7 nivaasikal/chathurashra kilometres.
audyogika bhasha franchaanu. 250 oolam nivaasikalulla padinjaaran theerathulla omova graamamaan pradhana pattanavum bharana kendravum.
adisthaana soukaryangal.
eee 8,400 hector dveepile nivaasikal pradhaanamaayum padinjaaran theerathulla omova, hanaave graamangalilaan thaamasikkunnath, avaa parvathangaliloode azhukk rooad vazhi bandhippichirikkunnu. oru catholica palli, oru nazhsari, praadhamika vidyaalayam, oru cheria kada, oru poost oafees, oru saattalait telephone ennivayulla gramangalil ettavum valuth omovayaanu. fathuhivayil rund graamangalkkidayil pakka rodukalilla, valia kappalukalkk harboir doock illa, airfield illa. gramangal sthithicheyyunna padinjaaran theerathe rund ulkkadalukalil maathrame surakshithamaayi theerathu erangaan kazhiyoo.
rund gramangaleyum bandhippikkunna pathinezh kilometer rooad valare thirakkeriyathaan, prathyekichu hanavek sameepam, mazha palappozhum rooad pongikkidakkunnathum gathaagathathinu apakadakaravumaakkunnu. ekadesham 15 minitt edukkunna mattoru graamatthiletthaan thamasakkaar oru boat upayogikkaan eshtappedunnu.
saahithyathil fathu hiva.
1937ll thante aadya bhaaryayodoppam svayam adichelppicha robinsonadil thaamasichu ekadesham ettu maasam dveepil chelavazhicha thore hairdall ezhuthiya athe perilulla pusthakathiloodeyaanu dweep kooduthal ariyappedunnathu. dambathikal aadyam omova thaazhvarayile padinjaaran theerathinadutthum pinneedu ippol janavaasamillaatha ooviyayile kizhakkan theerathum thaamasichu. 1937-ll, theythu tettuva enna oru vrudhanum undaayirunnu, swantham kanakkanusarichu, avasaanathe yadhaartha narabhojikalil oraalude makan, thante panthrand vayassulla datheduttha makalkkoppam avide thaamasichu.
1938ll ooslooyile gillendall eee thaamasathekkurichulla aadya pusthakam prasidheekarichu, mikacha avalokanangal undaayirunnittum mosham vilppanayaan labhichathu, orupakshe yuddham kaaranam orikkalum vivarthanam cheyyapettilla. rachayithaavinte kuripp anusarichu, hairdaalinte prashasthamaaya pusthakam fathu hiva pinneedu thiruthiyezhuthi addehathinte pusthakatthinte vijayathin sesham addehathinte aadya kruthi kaalaharanapettu.
jacq landante cherukathaa samahaaramaaya "eiii sann oof dhaa sann" ennathil fittu-aiva enna peril eee dweep kaanapedunnu. sooryante thoovalukal" enna kathayil, fittu-iva oru thantrapradhaana solomon dveepukalude thattippukaarante swaadheenathilaanu varunnath, avan eppozhum kauthukamulla medhaaviyude sahaayathode kadalas panam avatharippikkukayum ellah vilayeriya vasthukkalum aabhyantharamaayi nirmmicha currensic kaimarukayum cheiyunnu. vanchana kandethumbol, avane marichupoya oru pannikondu adikkukayum, prathyekichu apamanakaramaaya shikshayaayi dveepil ninnu naadukadatthukayum cheiyunnu.

