
chaals sii. pii. holden

cook kaundi board oof kammeeshanarmaarude presidentaayum chikkago kooman kaunsilinte presidentaayum sevanamanushticha oru american raashtreeyakkaaranaayirunnu chaals kortney picni holden (august 9,1827-februvari 9,1905). 1871leeii thiranjeduppil addeham chikkago mayer sthaanathekku malsarichenkilum parajayappettu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1827 august 9nuu nyoo hamshareile grotenilaanu holden janichathu. finias echu enna makanaan addeham janichathu. holden aandu bettsi holden (). onpathu makkalil oralaayirikkum addeham.
1634ll englandile aipsvichil ninnu thante sahodaran justiniyanodoppam francis enna kappalil amerikkayilekku vanna richard holden, pinneedu masaachyusetsile vaattartaunaayi marria sthalathu sthirathaamasamaakki. american viplavakaalath kondinental aarmiyil leftanantaayi sevanamanushticha levi parker aayirunnu holdente maathru muthachan, yudhathinte thudakkam muthal bunker hill yudhathil yorktoun uparodhathil avasanikkunnathuvare sevanamanushtichu. joonn andrey pidichedukkumbol levi parker jorjju vaashingtaninoppamundaayinu, andreyude vadhathil kaavalkkaaranaayi sevanamanushtichu.
1836 juun 30nuu 4,000 nivaasikal mathramulla oru pattanamaayirunnappol holden thante kudumbathodoppam illinoyisile chikkagoyilekku thamasam maari. taamasiyaathe addehathinte kudumbam illinoyisile will kaundiyilekku thamasam maari. 15-aamm vayassil holden chikkagoyilekku madangi. chikkaagoyil, vaattar streettile chaals sweettinte udamasthathayilulla oru palacharakk kadayilaanu holden aadyamaayi jolie cheythath.
1847 leeii vasanthakaalam muthal, 1848 october 16 nuu illinoyisile altonil ninnu pirichuvidappedunnathu meksikkan-american yudhathil illinois sannadhapravarthakarude anchaam rejimentil holden sevanamanushtichu.
yudhaananthara hrasvamaaya thirichuvaravu chikkagoyilekku.
yudhaanantharam addeham chikkagoyilekku madangukayum eiii. yill jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. echu. & sii. 1848 october 16 muthal 1850 march vare lake streettile burley pusthakashala.
california gold rush.
1850 march 19nuu addeham misouriyile fort keerniyil ninnu kaaliforniyayilekku karayiloode sanjarikkunna oru partyil chernnu. kaaliforniyayile gold rushinu edayilaayirunnu ithu. 1854ll chikkagoyilekku madangunnathinumumbu holden kaaliforniyayil naalu varsham thaamasichu. addehathinte samgham 1850 juulai 12nuu kaaliforniyayile haang tounil ethi, avide avar american nadiyude madhya fork khananam aarambhichu. rund seasonukal nadhi khananam cheytha sesham (randaam season coloma baaril chelavazhichu) 1851 leeii sharathkaalathil holden naapa thaazhvarayil krishiyum kannukaalikale valarthalum aarambhichu. 1853 desember 1 vare addeham thudarnnu, aaa samayat addeham kizhakode yaatra aarambhichu.
chikkago enna thaalilekku madanguka.
1853 desember 1nuu panaamayilekkulla ezz. ezz. winfield scottle ninnaan holden thante yaatra aarambhichath. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte yaathrayude aadya raathriyil, kappal anakappa dveepil thakarnn mungi. adhehavum mattu yaathrakkaarum pinneedu panaama isthmasinu kuruke sanjarikkukayum aathyanthikamayi 1854 januvari 3 nuu land cheytha pasaphik meyil steamer "illinois" newyorkkilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. 1854 march 18 nuu holden chikkagoyilekku madangi.
chikkagoyile svakaaryamekhalayile currier.
1855-ll addeham illinois central reyilveyude bhoomi parishodhakanaayi jolie cheyyaan thudangi, eee jolie addeham 18 varshathekku nilanirtthum. chikkago muthal illinoyisile keyro vareyulla railway tracukalil federal sarkkar anuvadicha reyilveyude bhoomi bhoomi oohakkachavadakkaarkkum kudiyettakkaarkkum vilkkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte jolie. 1873 februvariyil addeham jolie upekshikkum. thante bharanakaalathu avarude rund dasalaksham ekkar bhoomi wilkan addeham sahaayichirunnu.
niravadhi vaanijya blokkukal sthaapich niravadhi vijayakaramaya riyal estettu nikshepangal holden nadatthi. 1872-ll holden holden block nirmmichu, athu innum nilanilkkunna oru vaanijya blokkaanu.
illinois central reyilrodinte jolie upekshicha sesham, chikkago, illinois rivar railroad nirmikkunnathil addeham sradheyamaaya punk vahichu.
rashtreeya jeevitam.
1858ll chikkaagoyil ninnu illinoyisile springfieldil nadanna republican stettu kanvenshanile prathinidhiyayi sevanamanushtichappol holden raashtreeyamaayi sajeevamaayi.
1872ll hooras greely samsthaanam vahichirunnenkil illinoyisil ninnulla president electoraayi sevanamanushtikkaan addeham oru nominiyaayirunnu.
chikkago sitti kaunsil.
1861 muthal 1872 vare holden chikkago aldermaanaayi sevanamanushtichu. 1861 muthal 1863 vare addeham anchaam wardle ninnu aldermaanaayi sevanamanushtichu. 1863 muthal 1872 vare addeham patthaam wardle ninnu aldermaanaayi sevanamanushtichu.
oru alderman enna nilayilulla addehathinte bharanakaalathu, oru puthiya jalasamvidhanam sthaapikkuka, jalavitharanathinaayi oru thadaaka thurankatthinte nirmmaanam aarambikkuka, valia chikkago theepiduttham ennivayulppede niravadhi naazhikakkallukal nagaram kandu.
american aabhyantharayudhathinidayil, yudhathil deseeya sarkkaarinte neethrthwathinu nagaratthinte pinthunaye soochippikkunna niravadhi desasnehaparamaaya prameyangal addeham avatharippichu. mayer francis konvaal sherman alderman joonn komisky nayicha nagara sarkkaarinte janaadhipathya vibhaagathinethire nilakollaan republican aldermens blockine addeham nayichu. eee samayat addeham chikkago kooman kaunsilinte republican floor leaderaayirunnu.
sannadhapravarthakar vazhi nalkenda sainikarude kwata paalikkathirunnaal oru sainika draaft nirddeshikkappettappol, pathaamatthe wardle oru draaft paadilla ennu addeham theerumaanichu. addeham oru "ward draaft association" samghadippikkukayum athinte presidentaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. yudhathinu sannadhapravarthakarkk panam nalkunnathinaayi avar 51,912 dollar samaharikkaan pravarthichu.
president ebraham linkante shavasamskaarathinte bhaagamaayi addehathinte bhouthikaavashishtangal chikkago sandarshicha avasarathil, nagaratthil avarude sweekaranathinaayi sitti kaunsilinte marshalaayirunnu holden. linkante shavasamskaaravumaayi bandhappett potusabha amgeekaricha prameyangalum addeham avatharippichirunnu.
valia chikkago theepiduthatthinu sesham, eee samayat chikkago kooman kaunsilinte prasidantaayirunna holden, nagaratthinte punarnirmmaanatthinu neethrthwam nalkukayum thee eppol nagaratthinte vividha pradeshangalil athiyennu nirnnayikkaan anweshanam nadatthaan sahayikkukayum cheythu.
general yulisasinte hajar urappakkaan niyogicha kammittiyude chairmaanaayi addeham sevanamanushtichu. 1865 joolaiyil dearbone parkkil graant.
koodaathe, oru alderman enna nilayil addeham niravadhi adisthaana soukarya padhathikalude vakthavaayirunnu. nagaratthile roadukal mechappeduthunnathinte vakthavaayirunnu addeham. nagaratthile ellah thaamasakkarkkum shudhajalam nalkunnathinulla abhibhaashakanaayirunna addeham, vellam shekharikkunnathinaayi mishigan thadaakathinu keezhil randaamathe intake tunnel nirmmikkaan sahaayicha oru pradhana vakthavaayirunnu. 
1871leeii chikkago mayer thiranjeduppil republican, demookratik paarttikalude mayer sthaanaarthiyaayirunnu holden. ennirunnaalum, oru mannidichilil addeham joseph medil parajayappettu. valia chikkago theepiduthatthinu oru maasam kazhinju maathramaan thiranjeduppu nadannathu.
1872-ll holden chikkago kooman kaunsilil ninnu viramichu. varum varshangalil addeham cook kaundi board oof kammeeshanarmaarilum vestt paarkk board oof kammeeshanarmaarilum sarkkaaril thudarnnu.
vestt paarkk board oof kammeeshanarmaar.
1869 muthal 1878 vare addeham vestt paarkk board oof kammeeshanarmaaril sevanamanushtikkukayum chikkagoyile parkkukaludeyum boulevaards samvidaanathinteyum padinjaaru bhagam nirmmikkaan sahayikkukayum cheythu. 
1869 maarchil illinois govarnor joonn emm addehathe niyamichu. 1869 maarchil pammer, 1871ll addeham veendum niyamichu. 1878ll addeham boardil ninnu raajivachu.
cook kaundi board oof kammeeshanarmaar.
1874ll addeham cook kaundi board oof kammeeshanarmaaraayi thiranjedukkappettu. eee samayat, praadeshika "peeples party" vibhaagathile amgamaayi holden demookratik partyil chernnirunnu.
1876 muthal 1877 vare cook kaundi board oof kammeeshanarmaarude aadya prasidantaayirunnu holden. addeham veendum oru republican aayirunnappol, republican partyodulla holdente vishwasthathayude eee samayat palarum avishwasichu.
maranam.
1905 februvari 9nuu thaan shaithyakaalam chelavazhikkunna illinoyisile maatsanil vachu holden antharichu. pneumonia "hridayathinte balaheenatayum" moolam addeham aazhchakalolam rogabaadhithanaayirunnu. marikkumbol addeham chikkagoyile 1387 vestt moonroo streetilaanu thaamasichirunnathu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
1855 septambar 17nuu holden saara jeey. yeei vivaham kazhichu. isak enn.-nte makalaaya reynolds. reynoldukalum rooth aan reynoldukalum. illinoyisile holdermans grovinte perulla abraham holdermante kochumakalaayirunnu avar. 
aabhyantharayudhakaalathu, addeham illinois sannadhapravarthakarude enpathiyettu rejimentinaayi oru kambani roopeekarichu, athu addehathinte sahodaran levi pii. holden nayichu. 
1873 juulai 26nuu holden vidhavayayi.
1888 juulai 11nuu addeham thelma enn. yeei vivaham kazhichu. henry emm.-nte makalaaya mccoy. mccoy.
addehathinu saaraa enna oru datheduttha makalundaayirunnu.
meksikkan yudhathile vettaranmaarude illinois stettu association, american viplavathinte puthranmaar, california payaniyezhs association oof chikkago, ooldu settilmezhs sosaitti oof cook kaundi, jarmman ooldu settilmezhs association (1888 ll addehathinu oru swarnna medel nalkiyathu) ennivayile amgamaayirunnu holden.
holdente vipuleekritha kudumbatthil chikkago raashtreeyathil nannayi ulppetta niravadhi amgangal undaayirunnu. ithil chaals enn. holden, avante cussin.

