annales bertiniani

fraansile sent bertin, sent-oomar, abbeyil ninnu kandethiya antharicha carolingian, frankish aarnalukalaanu annales bertiniani (sent bertinte aannalukal), avaykku avar peru nalkiyittundu. avarude kanakk <aii. dii. 1> kaalayalav ulkkollaan edukkunnu, angane royal frankish aannalukal (<aii. dii. 2>) thudarunnu, athil ninnu, ennirunnaalum, athu oru kayyezhuthuprathiyil maathram swathanthramaayi vitharanam cheythittundu. avaa "memmoniyanta germmanian historikka" yilum pinneedu franch pathippilum puthuthayi kandethiya oru kaiyezhuthuprathi kanakkileduthu labhyamaan.
dhii annels oof sent. onpathaam noottaandile fraansiyayude pradhana uravidangalilonnaanu bertin, chaals dhaa baaldinte padinjaaran frankish golatthile sambhavangalekkurichu avarkk nannayi ariyaam. aannales fuldensukal" saadhaaranayaayi avarude aakhyaanathinte kizhakkan frankish prathiroopamaayi vaayikkunnu.
rachayithaavum kayyezhuthuprathikalum.
vishudhanaaya looyisinte kottaaratthile ezhuthukaaraanu charithrangal aadyamaayi ezhuthiyathennu abhipraayappedunnu. pinneedu avaa oru swatantra aakhyaanamaayi thudarnnuvennathil samshayamilla, oduvil 840-kalude thudakkam muthal kottaaratthil ninnu kurachu mochanam nedi, aadyam troisile prudentius (± 861), athinusesham avarude paarambaryatthe eathaandu poornnamaayum aasrayikkunna avarude nashtappetta kaiyezhuthuprathiyude hinkmar oof reims (882 vare). koodaathe, aarnalukalude yadhaartha paatam randaamathethinte melnottatthil cheria maattangalenkilum varuthiyathayi sakthamaaya soochanakalundu.
srothassukal.
maarppaappayude kathukalum anuranjana pravarthanangalil ninnulla bhaagangalum polulla rekhakal ulkkollunna aantalukalude akkoundu kooduthalum nerittullathaanu.
ulladakkam.
carolingyar thammilulla poraattangal, vishudha roman sabhayumaayulla avarude bandhangal-"sancta romana ecclessia"-athupole ayal pradeshangalil ninnulla reydukalum eee grandhatthinte savisheshathayaanu.
ithil avasaanatheth scandinaviayil ninnulla vividha yodhaakkalude samghangal nadatthiya reydukalekkurichulla praayogikamaayi vaarshika reportukalaanu-avar ippol wikings ennariyappedunnu.
scandinavian reydukal.
onpathaam noottaandil, eee yodhaakkalude samghangal pathivayi frisiyanmaarude bhoomi nasippikkukayum saine, lloyer, raine thudangiya nadikalil sanjarikkukayum avide avar rajyath valia nasham vithaykkukayum carolingian ashramangalum episcopal nagarangalum kollayadikkukayum cheythu. cheythu sesham 874,875 varshangalil maathramaan wiking pravarthanathekkurichu paraamarsangalonnum undayittilla.
charitrangalil vaayikkaan dhaaraalam kaaryangalund, koodaathe scandinaviakkaar kooduthal aupachaarikamaayi vanna saahacharyathe roopappeduthunna niravadhi sambhavangalilekku aakhyaanangal kurachu velicham veeshunnu, athaayath.iii. nayathanthraparavum sabhaaprasamgiparavumaaya avarude thekkan ayalkkarumaayulla bandhangal-udaaharanathinu 911-ll padinjaaran fraansiyayile chaals moonnaaman rajaavinodulla normanmaarude vishwasthatha.
valia alavil chalikkunna sambathu undayirunnathaayi karuthappedunna sabhaaprasanga kendrangalile kendreekaranam, samakaalika srothass ezhuthukaar, athaayath.iii. charitrangalil kuranjathu edittoriyal swaadheenamengilum cheluthiyathaayi vishwasikkappedunna prudentius hinkmar ulppedeyulla purohithanmaar reydukalekkurichulla avarude vivaranagal athishayokthippeduthi, kaaranam avaa saadhaaranayaayi aakramanakaarikalude praadhamika lakshyangalaayirunnu, rajaakkanmaar wikingukalkku panam nalkaan sammathikkumbol palappozhum panam adaykkendivannu, 885-6 leeii paarees uparodhathil chaals phaatt cheythathupole.
mikka pandithanmaarum ippol vishwasikkunnathu vaikkingukal carolingian bharanakoodathinu sthiravum aswasthathayulavaakkunnathu sainika bheeshaniyekkaal alppam kooduthalaanu.
russian '.
mattu karyangalkkoppam, rusinekkurichulla aadyakaala likhitha paraamarshangalilonn adangiyirikkunnathil aannalukal sradheyamaanu.
charithramanusarichu, oru koottam anuyaayikale doothanmaar chakravarthikku kaimaria oru kathiloode konstantinoppilil ninnulla doothanmaarkku samarppichu.
avar svayam rooss ennu vilikkukayum-"kii seey, idd esttu jenttam suum, rooss vokkari daisbant"-konstantinoppilikka yaatra cheyyukayum cheythathayi kathil parayunnu; ennaal ippol avar veettilekku madangaan bhayappedunnu, kaaranam avar sanjaricha roadukal surakshithamalla.
athinaal jarmmani vazhi yaatra cheiyunnathinu fraankukalude anumathi nedaamenna pratheekshayil avar baisaantain embassyumaayi purappettu.
meyinsinaduthulla ingelheim rajakeeya vasathiyil, frankish chakravarthiyaaya luis dhaa piyas avare chodyam cheythu, kaaranam avar rahasyaanveshanathilaayir addeham samshayichu, avar suyonukalil pettavarayathinaal avarude vadakkan lakshyasthaanathekkurichu yukthiyil avarkk urappu nalkaan kazhiyum "eos gentis ese suyonam".
avaa aathmaarthamaaya uddeshyathodeyaanu vannathenno illenno urappayi arian kazhiyunnathuvare avaa nilanirthaan addeham theerumaanichu, avaa charitrangalil veendum paraamarshikkappedunnil.
839-aamm varsham prakaram eee sambhavam paraamarshikkappedunnu.
ippozhum thudarunna oru vivaadathil "rex illoram chaakanas" allengil "rex illoram chaganos" enna vaachakam ulppedunnu. chakravarthikku ezhuthiya avatharanathil ulppedunna eee vaachakam pashchaathalatthil roosile raajaavine 'chackanus rajaavu' allengil chaganos ennu vilikkunnu. chackanus" sariyaanenna saadhyathayekkurich aduthide nireekshanangal nadathiyittundu, athaayath.iii. yadhaartha padam. rex illoram chaakanas' ennathu khagan ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu, yadhaarthathil oru vyakthiyude peralla, marichu poornnamaayum videsha tharatthilulla paramaadhikaaramaanu. ennirunnaalum, oru badal vyaakhyaanamundu, "chackanus" ennathu scandinavian sariyaaya peraaya "hacken" ennathinte laattin traanscriptionaanu, kaaranam mukhyadharaa scholarshippil vadakkan russiayil thaamasichirunna russian janathaykku avarude poorvvika janmadesham sweedenil aayirunnu. garipsanov randaamathethu muruke pidikkukayum 'chackanus' enna roopam thuranna srothassukalil oru savishesha sambhavamaanennu kandethukayum cheiyunnu; carolingian srothassukalil, paramaadhikaaratthinte videsha roopathe soochippikkunna ithinte vakabhedangal "caganus", "chagan", "kagan", "chagaanam" ennivayaanu.
sent seyintinte jeevithathil rekhappeduthiyittullathu, kizhakkan saamraajyathile punyavum samakalikavumaaya sambhavangalumayi russian-baisantain embassy thammil oru bandham sthaapikkaanum pandithanmaar sramichittundu. rassinekkurichulla aadyakaala greak srothassukalil onnu" ennu amastrisile jorj paranju.
882ll prayamaaya, durbalanaaya oru hinkmar wiking aakramanakaarikale sameepikkunnathil ninnu reamsile thante cathedralil ninnu palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhithanaayappol eee katha avasaanichu.
pandithanum bishop taamasiyaathe epernail vachu marichu, katha thudarnnilla.
onpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathile anchu pradhana swatantra aakhyaana vivaranagalil onnaanu annels. mattullavar

