
lentulus kathu

pathinanjaam noottaandil italiyil aadyamaayi vyaapakamaayi prasidheekaricha nigooda uthbhavamulla oru lekhanamaanu lentulus (λεντολος). yeshuvinte samakalikanaaya oru roman udyogasthanaanu ithu ezhuthiyathennu uddeshikkukayum yesuvinekkurichulla bhouthikavum vyakthiparavumaaya vivaranam nalkukayum cheiyunnu. yeshuvine pinneedu kalayil engane shaareerikamaayi chithreekarichuvennu aaa kathu swaadheenichittundaakam.
uthbhavam.
1460 muthal niravadhi florentin prasidheekaranangalilum petrarch, bokachio thudangiya maanavikavaadikalude kruthikalilum ithu prathyakshappedunnu. germmaniyil "kristhuvinte jeevitam" enna kruthiyil carthusian ludolph (koloon, 1474), "sent. anselm "(neuremberg, 1491). ennaal athu sent. anselmo ludolfomo allah. jenayude kayyezhuthuprathi anusarichu, 1421-ll colana kudumbatthile oru giacomo konstantinoppilil ninnu romilek ayacha oru purathana roman rekhayil eee kathu kandethi. pathinanchaamatheyo pathinaaraamatheyo noottaandile oru maanavikavaadiyude kaikaliloode athinte ippozhathe roopam labhichuvenkilum pathimoonnaam noottaandilo pathinalam noottaandilo ithu greak uthbhavamullathum laattinilekk vivarthanam cheyyappettathumaayirikkanum. pathinettaam noottaandile jenayile librarianaaya christopher myelius, kathu chuvanna kadalaasil swarnna aksharangalil ezhuthiyathaayum sambannamaayi bandhippichathaanennum ennaal nashtappettuvennum paranju.
1899-ll, jermmani, france, itali ennividangalil ninnulla 75-ladhikam charitraparamaaya kayyezhuthuprathikal ernst voonn dobshoots pattikapedutthi, athil lentulus aksharam vyathyastha roopangalil ulppedunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandile pandithanaaya friedrich munder eee kathu dioclesian kaalam vare kandethaan kazhiyumennu vishwasichirunnuvenkilum innathe pandithanmaar ithu pothuve amgeekarikkunnilla.
1680-ll engleesh vivarthanam.
1680ll prathyakshappedunna eee grandhatthinte aadya engleesh vivarthanam, tiberius seaserinte kaalathe judiayile prefectaayirunna "publius lentulas" ennaanu rachayithaavine pattikappeduthunnathu. niravadhi kaaranangalal kathu palappozhum apocryphal aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu 
kathu.
uddeshicha kathinte vivarthanathil ingane parayunnu
jerusaleminte gavarnaraaya lentulus roman senattinum janangalkkum abhivaadyangal nerunnu. nammude kaalath yesukristhu ennu vilikkappedunna mahathaaya shakthiyulla (sadgunamullah) oru manushyan prathyakshappettu, ippozhum jeevikkunnu. janangal addehathe sathyathinte pravaachakan ennum shishyanmar daivaputhran ennum vilikkunnu. avan marichavare uyirppikkukayum balaheenathaye sukhappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. avan idatharam valippamulla oru manushyanaan ("staatyoora proseres, mediocris ettu spectabilis"); avanu aadaraneeyamaaya oru vashamund, avane kaanunnavarkk avane bhayappedaanum snehikkaanum kazhiyum. chevikalkku nere paakamaya hassal-nattu niramullathum ennaal chevikalkku thaazhe neelaniravum thilakkavumulla prathiphalanathode, tholil ninnu ozhukunnathum, alanjuthiriyunnathum valanjathumaanu. nasareenukalude maathrkaykku anusarichu ithu thalayude mukalil randaayi vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. chulivukalo paadukalo illaatha mukhavum cheruthaayi chuvanna niravum kondu alankarichathum valare prasannavum minusamarnnathumaaya addehathinte purikamaanu. ayaalude mookkum vaayayum kuttamillaathavayaanu. avante thaadi samriddhamaanu, mudiyude niramullathaanu, neelamullathalla, thaadiyilaanu vibhajikkappettirikkunnath. avante vasham lalithavum pakwathayullathumaanu, avante annukal maravunnathum thilakkamullathumaanu. avan shaasanakalil bhayankaranaan, upadeshangalil maduravum souhaarddaparavumaanu, guruthwaakarshanam nashtappedaathe santhoshavaanaanu. addeham orikkalum chirikkaan ariyapettirunnilla, pakshe palappozhum karayumaayirunnu. avante uyaram nereyaanu, avante kaikalum kaikalum kaanaan manoharamaanu. addehathinte sambhashanam gauravameriyathum apoorvavum elimayullathumaanu. manushyaputhranmaril ettavum sundaranaan addeham.
eee vivaranam yesuvinekkurichulla abghar vivaranam ennum athupole thanne naisphoras kaalistas, sent. joonn damassen chithrakaaranmaarude pusthakavum (moundu athos).
ernst voonn dobshoots melpparanja vaachakathil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya vyathyastha kayyezhuthuprathikal niravadhi vishadaamshangalil kanakkaakkukayum oru "upakarana vimarshakan" nalkukayum cheiyunnu. 
phalangal.
kathu vyapakamaaya prasidheekaranam kaanukayum deerghakaalamaayi oru driksaakshiyaayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheythu. yeshukristhuvinte mukhavum roopavum adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru maathrkayaaya dirk bouttukal polulla vividha kalakaaranmaarkkum ithu nalki.

