
doonn nadhi (ontaariyo)

thekkan ontaariyoyile oru jalapaathayaan doonn nadhi, athu torrento thuramukhathu ontaariyo thadaakathilekku ozhukunnu. ontaariyoyile torrentoyaayi parinamicha munisippaalittiyaaya upper kaanadayile york pattanatthinte street gridinu kizhakkayittaanu athinte vaaykkal. ookku malanirakalaaya morainil moolajalamulla torrento (humber, rooj nadikalkkoppam) ozhukunna pradhana jalapaathakalilonnaan doonn.
ontaariyo thadaakathinu vadakku bhagathaayi cherunna kizhakkum padinjaarum shaakhakalulla rund nadikalil ninnaan doonn roopappedunnathu. samgamasthaanathinu thaazheyulla pradesham "lover doonn" ennum mukalilulla pradesham "upper doonn" ennum ariyappedunnu. samgamasthaanathu moonnaamathe pradhana shaakhayaaya tailor-massie creak eee vellachattavumaayi cherunnu. nadhiyum chuttumulla neerthadangalum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinte utharavaaditham torrento aandu reejian kansarveshan authoriticaanu (tii. aarr. sii. eiii).
toponymi.
1788-ll thekkan ontaariyoyil jolie cheythirunna engleesh surveyaraaya alexander aitkin doonn nadiye "neey cheng kwa keckonk" ennu visheshippichu. lefttanant govarnor joonn graves simcoyude bhaarya elisabath simco thante dayariyil "vonskottanaachu" enna mattoru peru upayogichathayi report cheythu. vadakku poppler samathalangalile munkaala kaattutheeye soochippikkunna "puram kathinashicha sthalangalil ninnu varunna nadhi" ennartham varunna oru aneeshnabe vaakyamaanith. vishalamaaya thaazhvara englandile yorkshareile doonn nadiye oormmippichathinaal lefttanant govarnor simcoyanu doonn nadikku eee peru nalkiyathu.
charithram.
ekadesham 12,500 varsham munbu naadodi vettakkaaraayittaan manushyar doonn nadeethadatthil aadyamaayi athiyathu. doonn thaazhvarayil thanne puraavastu thelivukal kuravaanengilum, valia thadaakangalil praadeshikamaayi kandethunnu. ekadesham 6000 bipi sthirathaamasangal undakaan thudangiyennu laurence pradesham velippeduthi. ettavum pradhanappetta rekhappeduthiya kandethal "vidro saitt" ennariyappedunnu. 1886ll reverdale paarkkin kizhakkayi rooad nirmmaanathinidayilaanu ithu kandethiyathu. ekadesham 5000 varsham pazhakkamulla manushyaavashishtangalum mattu karakaushala vasthukkalum ithil adangiyirikkunnu.
1300kalil cholam pradhana bhakshanamaayi maariyappol nadiyude theerathu vendaat long house gramangal vikasippichu.
1700-kalil, ontaariyo thadaakathinu thekk houdenosouni pinmaarunnath kandu missisogas eee pradeshathekku maari.
1787ll briteeshukaarum missisogas prasnakaramaaya "torrento vaangal" udambadikku anthimaroopam nalki. eee vaangal pradeshatthinte vaadakayaanennu vishwasikkukayum bhoomikk avarude avakashangal vittukodukkukayallenum vishwasicha missisogas, yorkkilekkum pinneedu torrentoilekkum york kaundiyilekkum maarunna bhoomiyude bhooribhaagavum britteeshukaarkk keezhadakki. bhoomi avakaashavaada prakriyaykku sesham, torrento vaangunna bhoomikk thaddesheeya udamasthaavakaasham samarppikkunnath saambathika parigananakalkkayi 2010 ll avasaanichu.
1793ll york sthaapithamaayathinushesham, lover donil niravadhi millukal nirmikkappettu. aadyathethu todmorden millukalilaayirunnu. eee millukal thudakkathil maram, maavu, paper uthppannangal enniva nirmmichu. 1850 aayappozhekkum doninum athinte poshakanadikalkkum kuruke 50 ladhikam millukal undaayirunnu. thaazhathe doonn oru vyaavasaayika pashchaathalamaayi maarukayayirunnu. doninte theerathu petroleum sambharana soukaryangal, kozhi, panniyirachi samskarana plaantukal enniva nirmmichu. 1879ll doonn vaali ishtika nirmmaana pravartthanangal aarambhichu. eee faaktarikalil ninnum aduthulla valarunna nagaratthil ninnumulla malinamaaya maalinyam eee kattupanniyeyum athinte chathuppunilatheyum malinamaaya apakadamaakki mattukayaayirunnu.
blurinu vadakku rund pradhana kunnukalundaayirunnu. prins edward vayadakttinte (saadhaaranayaayi blure vayadakt ennu vilikkunnu) nirmmaana velayil neekkam cheytha oru konaakrithiyilulla kunninaayirunnu blure streettile panchasaara loaf hill. doonn mills rodinaduthulla tumpers hill 1960kalil doonn vaali paarkveyude nirmmaanatthinide parannukidannu.
1880kalil muun winchester street bridjinte thekk doninte thaazhathe bhagam nereyaakkukayum (yadhaartha mukhathinu kizhakk) bottukalkkaayi adhika thuramukha sthalavum vyaavasaayika doock sthalavum srishtikkunnathinaayi oru chanalil sthaapikkukayum cheythu. doonn mechappeduthal padhathi" ennariyappedunna nereyakkiya nadhi malinajalam ashbridges bay marshilekku thirichuvidanamennum karuthappettirunnu. ithu parajayappettathinaal vaay 90 digri padinjarottu thirinj akathe thuramukhathekku ozhuki. thuramukhathinte eee hraswa vipuleekaranam keating chaanal ennariyappedunnu. thadaaka theerathinu vadakkulla chaanal blavidi. 1950kalil gardiner express way nirmmichappol kizhakk bhaagathekku gathagatham nilachu. cherry streettile oru liftt paalathinu thazheyaayi bottukal ippozhum keating chanalil praveshikkaam.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil nadhiyum thaazhvarayum avaganikkapettu. nadiyude theerathu 31 prathyeka malinajala samskarana soukaryangal nirmmichu. thaazhvarayileyum sameepathulla thaazhvarakalileyum 20 ladhikam sthalangal malinyangalkkum vyaavasaayika maalinyangalkkumayi landfillukalaayi upayogichu. 1917ll, dundas street kizhakk bhaagathulla nadiyude arikil doonn distructor nirmmichu. 52 varshatholam pravarthicha eee insinarettar prathivarsham 50,000 tonn maalinyangal kathikkunnu.
1910 muthal 1930kalude arambham vare doonn thaazhvara bhavanarahitar oru camping saittayi upayogichirunnu. eee sthalangale thaazhvarayile "hobo kaadu" ennaanu saadhaaranayaayi vilikkaarullath. hobo kaattile camp cheiyunnavare palappozhum police upadravikkukayum arast cheyyukayum raid cheyyukayum cheythirunnu.
1946-ll todmorden millukal pradeshathe pioneer veedukal polikkaan shirif kambani nadatthiya padhathi roshakularaaya pouranmaare doonn vaali kansarveshan association sannadha samghadana roopeekarikkaan prerippichu. 1947ll samghadanayude ethirppu padhathi upekshikkaan kaaranamaayi. marathaikal nattupidippikkunnathum kaattu pookkal, prathyekichu trillium, edukkunnathu nirthunnathum naseekaranam thadayunnathum association athinte pravartthanangal thudarnnu. doonn thaazhvarayekkurichu pothujanangale bodhavalkkarikkunnathinaayi association vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal samghadippichu, thaazhvarayiloodeyulla prathyeka trainukalum loctor oof indiayude vinodavum ulppede. donine kappalil kayatti mukalilekku nayikkunna govarnor simcoyude yaatra. donilake malineekaranam ozhukunnathu thadayaan trunk azhukkuchaalukal nirmmikkanamennum association vaadichu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham neertthadatthinte vadakkan bhaagangalil athivega nagaravikasana nadannu. athesamayam, samrakshanathodulla thaalparyam neertthada maanejmentinaayi ontaariyoyiludaneelam samrakshana adhikaarikal roopeekarikkunnathilekku nayichu. neertthadangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi adhikaarikal sthaapikkappedukayum 1947ll doonn vaali samrakshana authority sthaapikkappedukayum cheythu. eee authoritic parimithamaaya adhikaarangalundaayirunnu, koodaathe prathyeka bhoomi vaangunnathin panam nalkenda praadeshika munisippaalittikalaan dhanasahayam nalkiyathu. udaaharanathinu, laurence avanyoovil eest doonn nadiyil oru valia samrakshana mekhala nirmmikkanulla 1950 leeii padhathi vikasanathinte uyarnna chelavil orikkalum phalavathaayilla.
1954ll, hassel chuzhalikkaatt torrento pradeshathu veeshi. humber nadeethadatthilaanu ettavum kooduthal naashanashtangal sambhavichathu. vellapokkam undaayirikke, doonn neertthadatthil ganyamaayi kuranja mazhayum jeevahani undayittilla. ennirunnaalum, chuzhalikkaattinte aaghaatham torrento mekhalayile samrakshana adhikaarikalkk maattathinu kaaranamaayi. 1957ll dii. vii. sii. eyum mattu torrento-eriya kansarveshan athorittikalum chernnu metro torrento, reejian kansarveshan authority aayi parishkarikkukayum vellapokka niyanthrana savisheshathakal nirmmikkanum donilum mattu thaazhvarakalilum swath ettedukkaanum oru utharavu nalkukayum cheythu. nadiyodu chernnulla valia vyaavasaayika bhoomi niyanthrana vellapokka samathalathilekku chertthu. ithinartham vellapokkam thadayaatha eathenkilum sambhavavikasangalil emm. tii. aarr. sii. aykku veetto undaayirunnu ennaanu. 1998ll emm. tii. aarr. sii. eiii. tii. aarr. sii. eiii aayi maari.
1950kalilum 1960 kalude thudakkathilum, vardhichuvarunna yaathrakkaarude gathaagathathinaayi lover doonn vazhi doonn vaali parkway (dvp) nirmmichu. oru valia sivil enchiniyaring padhathiyaanu eee padhathi. thaazhvarayile veedukal, krishiyidangal, kottejukal enniva pidichedukkappettu. thaazhvaraykkullile rund kunnukal samathulithamaakkukayum haiveyude gradinginaayi mannu upayogikkukayum cheythu. railway nadhiyum ree-root cheyyukayum doonn mills rooad mechappeduthukayum eglintan avanyoo, laurence avanyoo kanseshan roadukal thaazhvarayiludaneelam vyaapippikkukayum cheythu. laurencinteyum parkwayudeyum kavalayil, pazhaya gramamaaya milneford millukalude avashishtangal neekkam cheythu. thaazhvarayude padinjaaran theerathu thaazhvarayilekku thekk baview vipuleekaranam nirmmichu.
vardhichuvarunna vikasanam neertthadatthinte prakrithidatha pradeshangal kurachu. vardhicha malineekaranam, kanatha vellapokkam, malinamaaya avashishtangal niranja vellam enniva ithu donine baadhichu. 1960kalode nadhi avaganikkappedukayum malinamakukayum cheytha oru kuzhiyayi maariyennaan samyojitha phalam ardhamaakkunnathu. 1969ll malineekarana anweshanam nadiyude duravastha uyarthikkattunnathinaayi valare aakhoshicha "doninte shavasamskaram" nadatthi.
1989ll ontaariyo sayans sentaril 500 oolam perr pankeduttha oru pothu foratthiloode doonn punasthaapikkaanulla sramangal sajeevamaayi. athinte falamaayi torrento sitti kaunsililekku oru pourante upadeshaka samithiyaaya donine thirike konduvarunnathinulla task fozhsu roopeekarikkappettu. donine "vrithiyullathum pachappum praapyavumaakkuka" ennathaayirunnu avarude karthaavum kazhchappadum. athinusesham avar maalinya shudheekaranam, maram nattupidippikkal enniva nadathukayum thaazhvarayude thaazhnna pradeshangalil ettu thanneerthadangal srishtikkaano punasthaapikkaano sahayikkukayum cheythu, blure vayadaktinu thekkulla oru saittaya chesttar springs marsh ulppede. doonn eesttinte suhruthukkal ulppede mattu grouppukalum sajeevamaayi. 1995ll emm. tii. aarr. sii. eiii. neertthadatthiludaneelam punarudhaarana sramangal ekopippikkunnathinaayi doonn neertthada punarujjeevana kaunsil roopeekarichu.
1991ll donine thirike konduvarika enna peril oru rekha puratthirakki, athu doninte punarnirmithamaaya vaaya ulppede punarudhaaranatthinulla padhathikal thayyarakki. 1998ll torrentoyude theerapradesham punarujjeevippikkaanulla padhathi aarambhichu. paraamarshicha naalu padhathikalil onnu doonn nadiyude swaabhaavika mukhamaayirunnu. 2001ll doninte swaabhaavika vaaya parisodhikkaan oru paristhithi vilayiruthal aarambhichu. oru chuzhalikkaatt hassel valippathilulla kodunkaattil ninnu prathekshikkunna ulppaadanathinte maathrkayil oru valia vellapokkam kaikaaryam cheyyaanulla padhathiyum eee padhathiyumaayi chernnu. 2007-ll, torrento waterfrond development korppareshan (ippol waterfrond torrento) doninte mukhathinaayi naalu vyathyastha konfigareshanukal nokkunna oru design malsaram nadatthi. maikkal vaan walkenberg asosiyettukalaanu vijaya lelam nadathiyathu. 2008ll paristhithi vilayiruthal poortthiyaakki 2010ll nirmmaanam aarambikkaan theerumaanichirunnuvenkum 2016leeii kanakkanusarichu aasootritha mattangal dhanasahaayathinte abhavam moolam sthambhichu.
vyaavasaayika malineekaranam avasaanippichathinusheshavum vividha grouppukalude shucheekarana shramangalkk sheshavum, niravadhi inam malsyangal nadiyilekku madangiyethiyathum parimithamaaya kaayika mathsyabandhanamullathumaaya avasthayilekku nadhi punarujjeevippichu.
vonscotonaachu parklands (doonn rivar vaali paarkk).
2016 octoberil, torrento nagaram oru doonn rivar vaali paarkk srishtikkumennu prakhyaapichu, athu padinjaaran doonn landukal muthal vadakku ekadesham todmorden graamam vare vyapikkum. paarkkin moonnu sonukal undaakum, vestt doonn lands muthal reverdale paarkk vareyulla oru nagara mekhala, reverdale vadakku muthal blure vareyulla oru paarkk mekhala, oduvil bakkiyulla bhaagathinu todmorden graamam vareyulla oru prakrithi mekhala. vinodathinum gathagatha aavasyangalkkumaayi nilavilullavayil ninnu biking, kaalnadayaathrakkaarude upayogam ennivaykkulla pathakal bandhippikkum. bhoomiyum doonn nadiyude mukal bhaagangalum punasthaapikkuka ennathaanu desheeyodyaanathinte mattoru lakshyam. dii. tii. eiii. echu thayyarakkiya torrentoyude lover doonn trial maasttar plaanil nischayichittulla mungananakal munnott kondupookunna niravadhi padhathikaliloode malayidukkine punarujjeevippikkukayaanu padhathi lakshyamidunnathu. axus cheyyaavunna puthiya praveshana pooyintukalude oru parambaraykkoppam, blure vayadaktinu vadakkulla muun snow dump saitt ulppede thaazhvarayiludaneelamulla muun harita edangal veendedukkanamennu maasttar plan aavashyappedunnu. thaazhvarayiludaneelamulla swaabhaavika paaristhithika saahacharyangal mechappetta vellapokka samrakshanam nalkum. doonn thaazhvarayude saamskaarika saannidhyam shakthippeduthukayenna lakshyathode 2017 ll oru "prakrithiyil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda" pothu kalaa paripadi aarambikkaan orungunnu, ithu-maasttar plan anusarichu-ithinakam thanne ekadesham 250,000 torontoniacarc oru yadhaartha veettumuttamaayi varthikkunnu. eee puthiya paarkk torrento paarkkukal, forestry, recreation division ennivayude niyanthranathilaayirikkum. 2018 ll sitti kaunsil thaazhathe doonn vonscodonaachu paarklaandukalile paarkkukalude shringalaykku peru nalkunnathinekkurichu samoohavumaayi koodiyaalochikkaan jeevanakkarodu nirddeshichu, vonscodonaachu ennathinu "karutha pollaletta maithaanangal" allengil "munbu theepidicha pradesham" ennartham, anishinabemovinile "kathunna thelicham" allengil "upadveep" ennartham varunna "vasayishkodenayosh" enna perinte engleesh roopamaayi ithu uruthirinju.
bhoomishaasthram.
bhoomishaasthram.
thaazhnna pradeshangalil aazhathilulla vishalamaaya thaazhvara ullathinaal doonn thaazhvara sradheyamaanu. blure street vayadakttil, thaazhvaraykku ekadesham 400 meter veethiyundengilum nadikku ekadesham 15 meter maathrame veethiyulloo. ithinu kaaranam athinte himanadathinte uthbhavamaan. ekadesham 12,000 varshangalkk munbu visconsinan himaniyude avasaanathilaanu doonn nadhiyum athinte aazhathilulla thaazhvarayum roopappettathu. 35, 000 varsham neenduninna aaa himaniyil ontaariyo muzhuvan manjil moodappettirunnu. kaalavastha choodaayathode himanikal urukaan thudangi. thekkan ontaariyoyil aise frond pinvaangiyappol, niravadhi nadikal roopappedukayum ontaariyo thadaakatthinte munnodiyaaya irokwois thadaakathilekku ozhukukayum cheythu. himanadiyude uthbhavam moolam roopappetta aazhameriyathum vishalavumaaya thaazhvarayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol doonn nadhi ippol cheruthaanu. doonn nadiye ippol oru underfit nadiyaayi tharamthirickunnu.
akkaalathe bhooprakrithi ayanja himanadamaayirunnu, athinaal valia alavil himanikal urukia vellam aayirakkanakkin varshangalayi aazhathilulla thaazhvarakale nashippichu. samayam purogamikkumbol, isostaattik uyarcha bhoomiyude plate uyarnnuvarikayum charinjuvarikayum cheythu. ithu irokwois thadaakam thekkott ozhukaan kaaranamaayi. torrentoyile davenport roadinte vadakku bhaagath athinte theerapradeshatthinte avashishtangal kaanam. doonn thaazhvarayil, eglintan avanyoovinu vadakku bhagathaayi pazhaya theerapradesham drishyamaanu. innu doonn nadiyude uravidam ookku ridges moraine aanu, ithu visconsin himaniyude mattoru paarambaryamaanu.
pazhaya theerapradeshatthinte sthaanam doonn neertthadatthile mannil vanna maattathe vivarikkunnu. pazhaya theerapradeshathinu vadakkulla mannu kooduthalum luvisolic "halton till" aanenkil theerapradeshathinu thekk manal niranja himanikoodal nikshepangalaanu.
praadeshika bhoomishaasthra charithram padikkaan doonn thaazhvara anuyojyamaaya oru sthalam nalkunnu. doonn vaali ishtika nirmmaanashaala oru pazhaya ishtika nirmmaana faaktariyaayirunnu, avide avar sheyil verthirichu. pinmathilil praadeshika bhoomishaasthranjar kazhinja moonnu himaanikalude oru record kandethi. 120, 000 varshangalkk munbu onpathu vyathyastha paalikal drishyamaanu.
jalashasthram.
neertthadatthinte nagaravalkarikkappetta swabhaavam kaaranam, doonn nadiyude thaazhnna adithara ozhukkil uyarnna alavilulla vellapokkam anubhavappedunnu. moonnu manikorinullil 1 muthal 2 meter vare mithamaayatho kanatatho aaya mazhayethudarnnu jalanirapp valare vegathil uyaran kazhiyum. doonn nadiyude sharashari adithara ozhukk ekadesham 4 chathurashra meter/secondaanu. februvari avasaanathilum septambar avasaanathilum torrento mekhalayile seasonal vyathiyanavumaayi poruthappedunna ettavum uyarnna ozhukk sambhavikkunnu. oru chuzhalikkaatt hassel level vellappokkathe adisthaanamaakki paramavadhi ozhukk ekadesham 1700 chathurashra meter/second aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 2005 august 19nuu asaadhaaranamaaya sakthamaaya venalkkaala kodunkaattu doonn thaazhvarayil hraswakaala vellappokkathin kaaranamaayi. aaa sambhavathinte ettavum uyarnna ozhukk nirakk 55.3 ghanameettar/secondaayi alannu. kodunkaattu samayat uyarnna ozhukk nirakk undakunnathinaal, thathfalamaayundaakunna vellapokkam nadiyude adithattil pathikkukayum ithu malsyangalude aavaasavyavastha kuraykkunnu. koodaathe, chuttumulla peedabhoomiyil ninnu valia alavil avashishtangal vellappokkathil ozhuki nadiyilekku ozhukunnu. nadiyude theerathukoodi keating chanalil avashishtangal shekharikkunnu. dredging cheiyunnathinte utharavaadithamulla trica kanakkaakkunnath dred cheytha avashishtangalude alavu prathivarsham ekadesham 35,000 chathurashra meteraanu.
vazhiyum poshakanadikalum.
littil doonn nadhi ennum vilikkappedunna doninte kizhakkan shaakha, yong streetinu padinjaaru ookku ridges moraininte thekke attathu uyarnnu thekk-kizhakk richmond kunnin mukalilulla malayidukkukaliloode ozhukunnu, villodale, doonn millukal ennivaykku kizhakk.
jarmman mills creak ennariyappedunna kizhakkan doninte randaamathe shaakha pradhana kizhakkan shaakhaykku samaantharamaayi torrentoyude vadakkan athirthiyaaya steels avanyoovil cherunnu. laurence avanyoovinu thekk chaals sooriyal kansarveshan reserviloodeyaanu nadhi kadannupokunnathu. eee pradesham kooduthalum avikasithamaya paarkk landaanu. doninte forkkukal vare thekk thaazhvara eee reserve ulkkollunnu. oru kaalath eest yorkkiludaneelamulla vidyaarthikal varsham thorum sandarshikkunna oru maple panchasaara kudilum tappline ivideyundaayirunnu. doninte charitraparamaaya samrakshakanaayirunnu chaals sooriyal.
padinjaaran shaakha aarambhikkunnath vaaghaan, maple jillayil; thekkukizhakk suburban vyavasaya mekhalayaaya konkordiloodeyum jii. yiloodeyum ozhukunnu. rooss loard reservoir. hogs pollayaya, york sarvakalaashaalayude glendon ("doninte thaazhvara") kaambasiloode ozhukunna yong theruvu kadannu kizhakkan pakuthiyil cherunnathinu munbu leaside, flemingdon paarkk, thonkliph paarkk ennividangalilekku ozhukunnu.
tailor-massie kreekkinte padinjaaran bhaagavum padinjaaran shaakhayude thekkan bhaagavum parkland kondu chuttappettirikkunnu (ithum kaanuka "torrento raayn sisttam"). sameepa varshangalil vyaavasaayika plaantukaludeyum reyil infrastructurinteyum pinvaangal ippol saikkil paathakalakki mattunna idam swathanthramaakki, ithu ippol ontaariyo thadaakatthinte theerathu ninnu vadakkott niravadhi dishakalilekku vyaapichukidakkunnu, ithu ekadesham 30 kilometer oof-rooad pakka pathakal nalkunnu. torrento pothuve parannathaanengilum, praadeshika saikkil yaathrakkaar pradhana pathakal pinthudarnnu pradeshathudaneelam saankethikamaayi velluvili niranja niravadhi singletrack pathakal vikasippichittund.
malayidukkukalil ninnu thaazhekku, krothezhsu woods ennariyappedunna vanapradeshathiloode nadhi ozhukunnu, ithu malayidukkukalil valarunna uyarnna nilavaaramulla beach-maple vanam kaaranam paristhithi sensitiivu eriyayaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. manpaathra roadinu thekk ithu kooduthal adhapathicha vibhaagathilekku praveshikkukayum simant, steel doock mathil ulppedunna nereyakkiya vibhaagathil avasaanikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu munkaala vyaavasaayika kaalaghattatthile avashishtamaan. avide ninnu nadhi torrento thuramukhathinte vadakkukizhakkan moolayilulla lake shoar boulivaardile keating chaanalilekk ozhukunnu.
doonn nadiyil ninnulla vellapokkam niyantrikkunnathinaayi, torrentoyude thuramukha pradeshangalude vellapokka samrakshana padhathi keating chaanalinu kuruke (doonn roadwayude padinjaaru bhaagathinu ekadesham samaantharamaayi) thekk nadhiyum thudarnnu padinjaaru (kammeeshanar streettinte thekk bhaagathinu ekadesham samaantharamaayi) torrento thuramukhathe oru puthiya mukhathekku vyapippikkum. manushyanirmmitha vipuleekaranam puthiya paarkk land nalkunna prakrithidatha nadeethadathilaayirikkum. puthiya nadeethadatthinte nirmmaanathinu sesham, donil uyarnna vellathil maathrame doonn nadiyil ninnu vellam keating chaanalilekk ozhukukayulloo. torrentoyude thuramukha bhoomiyude vadakkupadinjaaran moolayil villiyezhs dveepinte srishtiyaanu nadee vipuleekaranathinte oru upolppannam.
vrithiyaakkuka.
1880kalil, malinajalam, malineekaranam, vyaavasaayika maalinyangal enniva kondupokunnathinaayi doonn thaazhvarayile malayidukkukaliloode azhukkuchaalukal sthaapichu. malineekaranavum durgandhavum 1950kalude avasaanam vare thudarnnu. athinusesham cheria mechappeduthalukal undaayittund. nagaram malinajala sambharana taankukal sthaapichu, veettudamakal thaazhekkulla pradeshangal vichedikkendivannu, jalapaathakalilekku ozhukunna malineekaranavasthukkayi theruvukal olichupoyi. 1979 muthal, lover doonn alinjupoya ooksijan, phosphettukal, suspended solidukal ennivayil mechappeduthalukal kaanichu; ennirunnaalum 2021 aayappozhekkum poshakanadiyaaya tailor-massie creak kaaryamaaya purogathi kaanichirunnilla.
kanatha mazhakkaalathu mazhavellavum malinajalavum vahikkunna kodunkaattu azhukkuchaalukal doonn nadiyilekkum athinte poshakanadikalilekkum ozhukumbol doonn nadhi ippozhum malinajalam moolam budhimuttunnu. eee prashnam pariharikkunnathinayi, nadiyil ninnu malinajalam vazhithirichuvidunnathum ashbridges bay treatment plaantilekku thirichuvidunnathinumaayi motham moonnu thurankangal nirmmikkaan nagaram 3 bilyan dollar chelavazhikkunnu. moonnu thurankangalum anchu kodunkaattu jala sambharana shaafttukalum 2038ll poortthiyaakumennu pratheekshichukondu 2018laanu padhathi aarambhichath. oru tunnel boaring mesheen leaside paalathinu thekk lover doninaduthaayi bhoogarbhathil sthithi cheiyunna coxwell bipass tonnelinte ekadesham pakuthi poortthiyaakki.