
chrissy marsh

american aikyanaadukalile kaaliforniyayile saan fraansiskoyile oru thanneerthada pradesamaanu chrissy marsh. karincheeraka chathuppil uppuvellamund, ithu pasaphik flywayil niravadhi pakshi enangalkku anuyojyamaaya aavaasavyavasthayaanu. ivide, shudhajalathinte ozhukk ulkkadalile uppuvellavumayi cherunnu. saan francisco upadveepinte vadakke attathu 130 ekkar visthruthiyil ithu sthithicheyyunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathilum randaam lokamahaayudhathilum upayogichirunna airfieldaaya chrissy feeld nirmmikkunnathinayi eee uppu chathupp valia thothil nasippikkappettu. airfield neekkam cheythathode ithu punasthaapichu. vadakkan saan francisco theerathu ippol samriddhavum veendedukkunnathumaaya vanyajeevikalkk ithu aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu.
charithram.
pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil thaddesheeya american janathayaya ohlon eee pradesham ulkkadalil ninnu bhakshanam vilavedukkaan upayogichu. 1776ll spanish vannappol eee pradeshathe "ell presidio" ennu vilichathodeyaanu presidio enna peru uthbhavichath. 1846ll yuu.ezz. sainyam eee pradeshatthinte niyanthranam ettedukkukayum apakadakaramaaya vasthukkal valicheriyunnathinu ithu upayogikkukayum pinneedu athine vyomayaana airfieldaayi maattukayum cheythu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathilum randaam lokamahaayudhathilum udaneelam sainikabhoomiyaayi chrissy marsh upayogichirunnu. eee muun yuu.ezz. presedio armi peerankippadayaaliyaaya mejar daana krisiyude bahumaanaarthamaanu armi airfieldinu eee peru nalkiyathu. 1997ll apakadakaramaaya maalinyangal vrithiyaakkaan thudangukayum 1998num 2000num idayil punarudhaarana pravartthanangal nadakkukayum cheythu.
punarudhaarana padhathi.
theerapradeshangalude vipuleekaranavum vikasanavum polulla bhooprakrithiyile mattangal moolam 1800kalude madhyam muthal saan francisco ulkkadalinu athinte thanneerthada ekkarinte 90 sathamaanathiladhikam nashtappettu, ithu theeradesha aavaasavyavastha, connectivity, speeshees vaividhyam, jalathinte gunanilavaaram ennivayil idivu varuthi. 1994ll presidio general maanejment planinu (jii. emm. pii. eiii) keezhil chrissy feeldinte punasthaapana padhathiyude darshanam aarambhichu. sasyangaludeyum vanyajeevikaludeyum aavaasavyavasthayaayi eee pradesham susthiramaaya veliyetta thanneerthadatthilekku punasthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu punarudhaarana padhathiyude lakshyangal, ithu thaamasakkarkkum sandarshakarkkum vinoda avasarangal vardhippikkunnu. 1997ll chrissy chathuppinte punarudhaarana pravartthanangal aarambhichu. athinusesham ekadesham 90,000 tonn apakadakaramaaya vasthukkal eee pradeshathu ninnu neekkam cheythu. 1997num 2000num idayil 40 ekkar prakrithidatha aavaasavyavastha punasthaapichu. 18 ekkar veliyetta chathupum 22 ekkar manalkkaadukalum manalkkaadukalum ithil ulppedunnu. neekkam cheyyappedenda apakadakaramaaya maalinyangalude alavu 15,000 tonn aayirunnu. maalinyangal neekkam cheythathinushesham yadhaarthathil 87,000 tonn apakadakaramaaya vasthukkal neekkam cheythu.
eee punasthaapana padhathiyiloode, 73 thaddesheeya enangale prathinidheekarikkunna ekadesham 100,000 thaddesheeya sasyangal nattupidipikkukayo vithu vithaykkukayo cheythu. 104 cypress marangal nattupidippikkal, 230,000 cubic yard mannu neekkam cheyyal, 15,000 tonn avashishtangal neekkam cheyyal, 130,000 plug uppu pullu valarthal, 1/3 mile theeradesha yaatra enniva padhathiyil ulppedunnu. koodaathe, 70 ekkar asfaalttum konkreettum neekkam cheyth recycle cheythirunnu. naashanal paarkk sarvees, golden gettu naashanal recreation eriya (jii. jii. enn. aarr. eiii), golden gettu naashanal paarkk kansarvansi (paarkk kansarvansi) ennivayaanu chrissy feeld restoration padhathi niyanthrikkunnath. 2001ll punasthaapicha chrissy feeld veendum thurannu.
nireekshana paripadi.
paarkk sarveesil ninnum paristhithi samrakshana ejansiyil ninnum, jalashasthram, geomorphology, jalathinte gunanilavaaram, avashishtangal, mannu, sasyajaalangal enniva anchu varsha kaalayalavil nireekshikkunna oru nireekshana paripadi nadappaakki. 1999 november muthal, philipp vilyamsinteyum associatesinteyum hydrology sthaapanamaaya limittad aanu chrissy maarshile hydrological, morphological monittaring nadathiyathu. (pii. vii. eiii). jalanirapp alakkal, beach profile sarvekal, cross sekshan sarvekal, marsh elevation traansektukal, ebb, flood sholukalude vishadamaaya 13 topographic sarvekal, bathemetric sarvekal, digital terrain modeling enniva avar nireekshichu. punarudhaaranatthinu sheshamulla aadya 18 maasangalilaan ettavum valia roopaghadanaparamaaya maattam nireekshikkappettathenn avar kandethi. jalathinte gunanilavaaram nireekshikkunnathinaayi, 2001 meyy maasathil kaalnada paalathinu thaazhe oru thudarchayaaya logger sthaapichu, ithu oro 30 minittilum jalathinte thaapanila, alinjupoya ooksijan (doow), lavanathvam enniva nirantharam rekhappeduthunnu. avashishtangalude nireekshanam doow. 2000 augustil sthaapithamaaya sedimenteshan eroson tableukalum (settukal) feldspar marker horaisanukalum upayogichu saan francisco sarvakalaashaalayile (yuu. ezz. eph) joonn collway. 2000 muthal ellah varshavum manalkkadukalilum chathuppukalilum sasyajaalangal nireekshikkappedunnu.
sasyangalum vanyajeevikalum.
punarudharicha uppu chathuppukalum manalkkunnukalum vaividhyamaarnna sasyajanthujaalangalude susthira aavaasavyavasthayaayi mariyirikkunnu. punarudhaarana padhathikal abhimukheekaricha oru pradhana velluvili aakramanathmaka enangalude samriddhiyaanu. thaddesheeya sasyajaalangale marikadakkunna vividha aakramanathmaka sasyajaalangal eee pradeshathundu. 200-ladhikam vyathyastha inam pakshikalude aavasa kendramaanu eee presedio. vaividhyamaarnna pakshivarggangal kaanaan varunna niravadhi pakshi nireekshakar ippol chrissy chathupp aakarshikkunnu. california redu legged frogg, mission blue butterfly, saan francisco garter paambu ennivayulppede vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna, apoorvavum vamshanaashabheeshani neridunnathumaaya 35 enangalum eee pradeshathundu.

