alvarro obregon

meksikkan viplavathile sonoran vamshajanaaya oru janaralaayirunnu alvarro obregon salido (; 17 februvari 1880-17 juulai 1928). praayogikamaaya oru madhyavarggakkaaranum swaabhaavika sinikanum kazhivulla raashtreeyakkaaranumaaya addeham 1920 muthal 1924 vare meksikkoyude 46-aamathe presidentaayi, 1928-ll presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettappol vadikkappettu. viplavathinte janapriya prathichaayayil, "samghaadakan, samadhana nirmmaathaav, ekeekaranam ennivar enna nilayil alvarro obregon verittuninnu."
cheria kuttikalulla vidhava vijayakaramaya karshakanumaya addeham 1913 februvariyil fraansiskoykethiraaya attimari vare viplavathil chernnilla. general victoriano hurta presidentiyilekku konduvanna madero. hurta bharanakoodatthinethire vadakkan viplava sakhyamaaya bharanaghadanaaparamaaya sainyathinte nethaavaayi kohuyila venustiyaano caranceyude govarnore pinthudaraanulla sonorayude theerumaanathe obregon pinthunachu. pariseelanam labhikkatha oru pattalakkaaranum ennaal swaabhaavika nethaavumaaya obregon raankukalil vegathil uyarnnu, pancho villaykoppam bharanaghadanaaparamaaya sainyathinte ettavum mikacha generalayi. vadakkupadinjaaran meksikkoyile viplavashakthikalude kamaandaraayi obregonine carranza niyamichu. 1914 joolaiyil bharanaghadanaavaadikal hurta paraajayappedutthukayum augustil federal sainyam pirichuvidukayum cheythappol, caranceyude yaadhaasthithikatha undaayirunnittum obregon addehathodu vishwasthatha pulartthiyathode villa kaaransayumaayi bandham thakarthu. vijayikalude aabhyantharayudhathil (1914-15), oru vashath carranza obregonum maruvashathu villa karshaka nethaavaaya emiliano sapaattayum thammilulla aabhyanthara yudhathil, 1915 ll obregon villayude sainyathe nirnnaayakamaayi paraajayappeduthi. carranza meksikkoyude tharkkamillaatha nethaavaayi. 1915ll karansa addehathe thante yudhamanthriyaayi niyamichu. meksikkoyude idakkaala prasidantaakanamennu obregon vishwasichirunna yaadhaasthithika caranciode obregon kooduthal kooduthal niraasanaakukayum angane bharanaghadanaa presidentaayi thiranjeduppil ninnu ozhivaakkappedukayum cheythu. meksikkoyude puthiya viplavakaramaaya bharanaghadana prakhyaapichathinu sesham 1917ll carranza presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu. thiranjedukkappettu thiranjeduppil presidentaakaan padhathiyitta obregon sonorayile thante krishiyidathilekku madangi. karansa veendum thiranjedukkappedaathinathi oru rashtreeya shakthiyaayi thudaraan aagrahichathinaalum addeham ignacio bonillaasine thante pingamiyaayi niyamichu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, 1920-ll obregonum saha sonoran viplava janaralmaraya plutarco elias collus adolfo dii laa hurta aguwa praittayude padhathi prakaram kaaraansaykkethire oru kalapam aarambhichu. thiranjeduppu nadakkunnathuvare dii laa hurta idakkaala presidentaayi. janakeeya pinthunayode obregon presidentil vijayichu.
1910-ll viplavam aarambhichathinusheshamulla aadyathe susthiramaaya presidencyaanu obregoninte presidency. vann vidyaabhyaasa parishkkaranam, meksikkan chuvarchithrangalude abhivridhi, mithamaaya bhooparishkaranam, meksikkan thozhilaallikalude vardhichuvarunna praadeshika konfedareshan sponsor cheytha thozhil niyamangal ennivaykku addeham melnottam vahichu. 1923 augustil addeham meksikkan gavanmentinteyum yuu. eiii. iii. yudeyum avakashangal vyakthamaakkunna bookerelli udambadiyil oppuvachu.ezz. enna thalpparyangal kaanikkukayum ningale konduvarikayum cheythu.ezz. addehathinte sarkkarinulla nayatantra amgeekaaram. obregon plutarco eliyaasine thante pingamiyaayi niyamichappol obregoninte dhanakaaryamantri adolfo dii laa hurta oru kalapam aarambhichu. porpherio diyaasinte udaaharanathe obregon prathyakshatthil anukarikkunnathine ethirtha niravadhi viplavakaarikalude pinthuna dii laa hurta nedi. obregon yudhakkalathilekku madangukayum kalaapathe paraajayappedutthukayum cheythu. vijayathil, america addehathe aayudangalum 17 yuu. yuu. kalum upayogichu sahayichu.ezz. dii laa hurta anuyaayikale bombit thakartha vimanangal.
1924-ll obregoninte saha vadakkan viplava generalum thiranjeduttha pingaamiyumaaya plutarco elias collus presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu. obregon prathyakshatthil sonorayilekku viramichuvenkilum kolukalkku keezhil addeham swaadheenathode thudarnnu. veendum thiranjeduppu saadhyamaakkunnathinaayi bharanaghadanaa parishkaranatthiloode munnott kondupoya ahvaanangal, pakshe thudarchayaayi allah. kollappettu thiranjeduppil obregon vijayichu. ennirunnaalum, randaam thavana adhikaaramelkkunnathinu munbu, christero yudhathil jose dii liyon toral addehathe vadhichu. addehathinte kolapathakam rajyath oru rashtreeya prathisandhiye srishtichu, aathyanthikamayi deseeya viplava party sthaapikkunnathilekku nayichu, pinneedu sthaapana viplava party ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu, athu 2000 vare meksikkoyude presidency thudarchayaayi nilanirtthi.
aadya varshangal, 1880-1911.
francisco obregoninteyum senobia salidoyudeyum pathinettaamatthe santhathiyaaya navojova munisippalittiyile sonorayile sikvisivayilaanu obregon janichathu. francisco obregoninu orikkal ganyamaaya oru estettu undaayirunnu, ennaal meksikkoyile franch edapedalil (1862-1867) addehathinte bisinesses pankaali chakravarty maximiliane pinthunachu, 1867 ll kudumbatthinte estettu liberal sarkkar kanduketty. francisco obregon 1880 ll, alvarro obregoninte janana varshathil marichu. valare budhimuttulla saahacharyangalilaanu aankutty valarthiyathu, amayum mootha sahodarimaraaya senobia, maria, rossa ennivarum chernnaanu. addehathinte ammayude kudumbam praadeshikamaayi pramukhamaayirunnu, haasindakalude udamayaayirunnu, chilar porpherio dias bharanakaalathu sarkkar sthaanangal vahichirunnu. obregon thante vishishta bandhukkalumayulla bandhatthil ninnu prayojanam nedi, oru anathanenna nilayil addeham valare mosham bandhamaayirunnu. lokathil thante vazhi nirmmikkanulla aagraham addehathinundaayirunnu. ammayude vashathulla bandhukkaliloralaaya benchamin jii. meksikkan viplavathil hill oru pradhana sakhyakakshiyayi maari.
obregoninte swantham samsthaanamaaya sonora yuu. esumaayi athirthi pankidunna otappetta pradeshamaayirunnu.ezz. yuu-yumayi idaykkide kaimaattam nadannirunnu.ezz. oppam yuu.ezz. sonorayile nikshepam. thalasthaanathu ninnulla sonorayude dooravum thalasthaanathekkulla nerittulla railway laininte abhavavum pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil athinte vikasanatheyum meksikkan viplavathile athinte pankineyum baadhichu. sonoraykk yuu. esumaayi nerittu railway kanakshanukal undaayirunnu.ezz. athinte sambadvyavastha yuu. esumaayi kooduthal adutha bandhamullathaayirunnu.ezz. central meksikkoyekkaal, kannukaalikalude toppiyum prathyekichu garbanzos yuu. esilekku kayattumathi cheiyunnu.ezz. obregoninte kudumba saahacharyangalum samsthaanathinte saambathika sthithiyum oru cheruppakkaaranenna nilayil nalla jeevitam nayikkunnathinulla oru maargamaayi garbanzo krishiyilekkulla addehathinte praveshanathe maatti.
kuttikkaalathu, obregon famili faamil jolie cheyyukayum avide jolie cheyyukayum bhasha padikkukayum cheytha thaddesheeya maayo janathayumayi parichayappedukayum cheythu. addehathinte dvibhaashithvam addehathinte pilkkala sainika, rashtreeya jeevithathil addehathe nannayi sevichu, myosineyum yakkiyeyum addehathinte bhramanapathathilekku aakarshichu. huvaattabaampoyil sahodaran jose nadathunna schoolil chernna addeham praadhamika thala aupachaarika vidyaabhyaasam nedi. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte manass "sajeeva noothanavum ellaattinumupariyaayi ellaattinumupariyaayi sinalovayile navolaattoyile ammaavanmaarude udamasthathayilulla panchasaara millil lath oopparettaraayi sthiramaaya jolie kandethunnathinu munbu addeham thante kaumaarakaalam vividha jolikalkkaayi chelavazhichu. oru vidagdha thozhilaalliyenna nilayil obregoninte anubhavam thozhil avakaashangalodulla addehathinte manobhaavathe roopappeduthukayum "thozhilaallikalude rosham ethra sakthamaaya rashtreeya upakaranamaakumenn addehathinu bodham nalkukayum cheythu."
1903ll addeham yooriyayile abhayaarthiye vivaham kazhikkukayum 1904ll shugar mill vittu veeduthorum shoos vilkkukayum pinneedu oru vaadaka karshakanaakukayum cheythu. 1906 aayappozhekkum, ammayude kudumbatthil ninnu vaaypayeduthu swantham cheria phaam vaangaan addehathinu kazhinju, avide addeham garbanzos valarthi. adutha varsham obregoninu daarunamaayirunnu, kaaranam bharya rund kuttikalum marichu, rund cheria kuttikalulla vidhavayayi avasheshikkukayum, avare pinneedu moonnu mootha sahodarimaar valarthukayum cheythu. 1909-ll obregon oru garbanzo vilaveduppu yanthram kandupidichu, taamasiyaathe eee vilaveduppukal nirmmikkunnathinayi oru kambani sthaapichu, oru aadhunika assembly line poortthiyaakki. maayo thaazhvarayiludaneelamulla garbanzo karshakarkk addeham eee vilaveduppukal vijayakaramaayi vipananam cheythu. garbanzos oru kayattumathi vilayaayathinaal, railway line vipuleekarikkunnathinum thante vilakal kooduthal kaaryakshamamaayi vipaniyilethikkunnathi addeham lobby cheythu. thante krishiyidathinte uthppaadanam vardhippikkunnathinaayi jalasechana pravarthanangalkkaayi addeham lobbing nadatthi. 1911ll huvaattabaampo pattanatthinte munisippal presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettathode obregon raashtreeyathil praveshichathu.
sainikajeevitam, 1911-1915.
aadyakaala sainika jeevitam, 1911-1913.
francisco I aarambhicha thiranjeduppu virudha prasthaanatthil obregon thaalparyam prakadippichilla. president porpherio diyaasinethire madero 1908-1909 ll. 1910 novemberil nadanna vanjanaaparamaaya thiranjeduppinetthudarnna madero diyaasinethire oru prakshobhatthinu ahvaanam cheythappol, thante saan luis potosi padhathi purappeduvichukondu, obregon dias bharanakoodatthinethiraaya pooraattatthil pankedutthilla. rund cheria kuttikalude vidhava sambannavumaaya oru phaam nadathunnathumaaya maderoyude aayudhathinulla ahvaanam addehathinu adiyanthiramaayirunnil. thante oormmakkurippil addeham kaalathaamasatthil khedam prakadippichu.
prakadippichu president thiranjeduppil vijayichathin thottupinnaale obregon maderoyude pinthunakkaaranaayi. 1912 maarchil, diyaasine purathaakkaanulla maderoyude lakshyathinaayi poraadiya oru generalaya pascuval orosco, diyaasine attimaricha poraalikale pirichuvidaan madero utharavittathinethudarnn maderoykkethire kalapam aarambhichu, avar paraajayappedutthiya federal sainyam nilanirtthi. chihuvaahuvayile muun govarnor meksikkoyile ettavum valia bhoovudamayum aaya luis terrasasinte saambathika pinthunayodeyaanu chihuvahuvayil eee kalapam aarambhichath. 1912 eprilil, oroscoyude kalaapathe ethirkkunnathinaayi general saamginesinte neethrthwathil samghadippicha sonorayude naalaamathe kramarahithamaya battaliyanaaya praadeshika maadarista senayil cheraan obregon sannadhatha prakadippichu. obregoninte yoonit samsthaanathe ettavum valia unitaayirunnu, aavashyamullidathekku pookaan sannadhatha prakadippichu. auroscoyude kalapam adichamarthaan madero ayacha victoriano hurta neethrthwathil eee bataaliyan federal sainikare pinthunachu. battaliyanil chernnu aazhchakalkkullil obregon sainika prathibhayude adayaalangal pradharshippichu. obregon thante meludyogasthante utharavukal anusarichillengilum shathrukkale kenikalilekkum apratheekshitha akramanangalilekkum chuttikkarangunna thanthrangalilekkum aakarshichukondu niravadhi yudhangal vijayichu.
oroscoikkethiraaya vijayathethudarnnu (orosco amerikkayilekku palayanam cheythathode) 1912 desemberil raajivaykkunnathinu munbu obregon raankukaliloode vegathil sthaanakkayattam nedukayum kenal padavi nedukayum cheythu.
1912 desemberil obregon sivilian jeevithathilekku madangaan uddeshichirunnuvenkilum 1913 februvariyil victoriano hurta, felix dias, bernardo raise, meksikkoyile american ambasseder henry leyne vilson ennivar samghadippicha oru "kuu dii 'ettaatt" (meksikkan charithratthil "laa desena tragica" ennariyappedunnu) ennathiloode madero bharanakoodam attimarikkapettu. madero vais presidentum raajivaykkaan nirbandhitharaakukayum thudarnnu vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. hurta president sthaanam etteduthu.
hurta bharanakoodatthinethire sonora sarkkaarin thante sevanangal nalkunnathinaayi obregon udan thanne hermosylloyilekku pooyi. hoorta bharanakoodatthe amgeekarikkaan sonoran sarkkar visammathichu. 1913 march aadyam obregon sonorayude yudhavibhaagathinte thalavanayi niyamithanaayi. eee padaviyil addeham oru prachaaranatthinu purappettu, divasangalkkullil federal sainyathe nogelukal, canania, naco ennivayil ninnu thurathaan addehathinu kazhinju. taamasiyaathe addeham thuramukha nagaramaya gwayamas pidichedutthu. 1913 meyy maasathil santa rosa yudhathil addeham federal sainikarkkethire shatru senayude chuttupaadiloode aninirannu. sonorayude senayude commander enna nilayil, obregon maderoyude keezhil 1910-11 ll poraadiya niravadhi viplavakaarikalude bahumanam nedi, prathyekichu benchamin jii. kunnu.
hurta bharanakoodatthinethire pooraaduka, 1913-1914.
hoorta bharanakoodatthe amgeekarikkaan visammathikkukayum kalaapaavasthayilekk praveshikkukayum cheytha kohuyila sarkkaarumaayi sonoran sarkkar sanbarkkam pulartthiyirunnu. adolfo dii laa hurta neethrthwathilulla oru sonoran prathinidhi samgham kohuyila govarnor venustiyaano carranza kaanaan monklovayilekku pooyi. sonoran sarkkar caranceyude gwadaloop padhathiyil oppuvachu, athiloode carranza puthuthayi prakhyaapicha bharanaghadanaa sainyathinte "primer jeff" aayi maari. 1913 septambar 30 nuu sonora, sinalova, duranco, chihuvahuva, baja california ennivayude adhikaaraparidhiyilulla vadakkupadinjaaran bharanaghadanaa sainyathinte commander-inn-cheefaayi obregonine carranza niyamichu.
1913 novemberil obregoninte sainyam kuliakkan pidichadakki, angane obregoninte neethrthwathil vadakkupadinjaaran meksikkoyude muzhuvan pradeshathum bharanaghadanaa sainyathinte aadhipathyam nedi.
karansayude yudhakaarya sekrattariyaaya felip angelasinekkurichu obregonum mattu sonoraanukalum aazhathil samshayichu, kaaranam avar angelasine pazhaya dias bharanakoodatthinte oru holdoveraayi kanakkakki. sonoraanukalude (vadakkupadinjaaran obregoninte vijayangalethudarnnu caranceyude sakhyathile ettavum sakthamaaya group) nirddeshaprakaaram carranza angelasine yudhathinte sub sekrattari sthaanathekku tharamthaazhtthi.
thante sthaanabhrashtatha undaayirunnittum, meksikoo nagarathinu thekk moonnu vashangalulla aakramanatthinte vimatha mahathaaya thanthram angelas roopappeduthi (1) obregon padinjaaran reyilveyiloode thekkott munnerum, (2) pancho villa central reyilveyiloode thekkott munnerum, (3) pablo gonsaalas garza kizhakkan reyilveyiloode thekkott munnerum.
1914 eprilil obregon thekkott march aarambhichu. pancho villa kaattukaarkkethiraaya kuthirappadayude aakramanangalkk munganana nalkiyappol obregon veendum kooduthal jagrata pulartthi. taamasiyaathe villa carranza thammil vairudhyathilaayitheernu, 1914 meyy maasathil, meksikoo nagaratthilekku villayude sainyathe paraajayappedutthumennu urappakkaan thante thekkan prachaaranatthinte vegatha vardhippikkaan carranza obregoninode nirddeshichu. obregon thante sainyathe sinalovayile topolobampoyil ninnu masatlaan uparodhikkunnathinum thudarnnu teppikkilekkum maatti, avide obregon jaliscoyile gwadalajarayil ninnu kolimayilekkulla railway vichedikkukayum angane eee rund thuramukhangalum ottappeduthukayum cheythu.
juulai aadyam, obregon thekk jaliscoyile orendainilekku neengi, avide addehathinte sainyam federal sainikare paraajayappeduthi, 8000 perr kollappedukayum hurta bharanakoodam paraajayappettuvenn vyakthamaakkukayum cheythu. obregoninu mejar generalayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. addeham thekottulla yaatra thudarnnu. meksikoo samsthaanamaaya teoloyukkanil obregon athiyappol, hurta paraajayappettuvenn vyakthamaayirunnu, august 11 nuu oru kaarinte mudgardil obregon hurta bharanam avasaanippikkunna udambadiyil oppuvachu. 1914 august august obregan 18,000 sainikarum meksikoo nagaratthilekku vijayakaramaayi march cheythu. august meyy meksikoo nagaratthilekku vijayakaramaayi march cheytha carranza addehathodoppam chernnu.
meksikoo nagaratthil, obregon thante shathrukkalaanenn karuthappettavarodu krithyamaaya prathikaram cheyyaan neengi. meksikkan catholica sabha hurta bharanakoodatthe pinthunachathaayi addeham vishwasichu, athinaal janangalkk sahayam nalkunnathinaayi viplava kaunsilinu nalkunnathinaayi addeham sabhaykku 500,000 pesso pizha chumatthi.
sambannar hurtha anukoolikalaanennum athinaal mooladhanam, riyal estettu, panayam, vellam, nadappaatha, azhukkuchaalukal, vandikal, automobileukal, cycleukal muthalaayavaykku prathyeka nikuthi chumatthiyennum addeham vishwasichu. videsikalkkethire prathyeka nadapadikalum sweekarichu. ivayil chilath manappoorvvam apamaanakaramaayirunnu udaaharanathinu, meksikoo nagaratthile theruvukal vrithiyaakkaan addeham videsha bisinasukaare nirbandhichu.
1914 juun-septambar maasangalil villayumayulla bandham.
yaadhaasthithika carrenza kooduthal theevramaaya pancho villa thammilulla pirimurukkangal 1914 ll udaneelam vardhichuvenkilum, viplava sakhyathe kedukoodaathe nilanirthaan obregon iruvarum thammil madhyasthatha vahikkaan shramichu. villa niravadhi nayatantra sambhavangal srishtichu, athu ningale kooduthal shanikkumennu carranza aashankappettu.ezz. avarude sainyam ithinakam veracruz kaivashappedutthiya edapedal. 1914 juulai 8 nuu villisttakalum carencistasum toriyon udambadiyil oppuvachu, athil hurta sainyathe paraajayappedutthiya sesham, raajyathinte bhaavi aakruthi nirnnayikkaan viplavathile 150 generalmaar koodikkaazhcha nadathumennu avar sammathichu. villayude anusaranakkedu, prathyekichu saakattekkakal edukkaathirikkaanulla utharavu avaganichathil karansa prakopithanaayi. ekkaaranathaal augustil meksikoo nagaratthilekku march cheyyaan villa anuvadikkaan carranza visammathichu. 1914 juunil sacatecas villa pidichedutthathinetthudar villa obreganumaayi bandhapettu, vijayakaramaya rund viplava generalukalkku sivilian karaansaykkethire sahakarikkaan kazhiyumennu soochippichu. viplava sakhyathe kazhiyunnathra kaalam kedukoodaathe nilanirthaan sramikkaan obregon eee ghattathil thayyarayilla. sakhyam thakarukayaanenkil villa bharanaghadanaavaadikalkku nalkunna apakadathekkurichu obregon manassilakki; villa carranza thammilulla sahacharyam madhyasthatha vahikkaan sramikkunnathinaayi 1914 augustilum septambarilum villa nerittu kaanunnathinaayi addeham chihuvahuvayilekku rund yathrakal nadatthi. eee kaalayalavil, obregoninu caranza villa nannayi arian kazhinju, ithu avarumaayulla addehathinte pilkkala bandhathe ariyichu. villayilekkulla rund yaathrakalum obregoninu angeyattam apakadakaramaayirunnu, ithu villayal vadhikkappedaanulla apakadathilaanu. septambaril, villa carranza audyogikamaayi verpirinjuvenkilum obregon deerghakaalathekku svayam sthaanamurappichu.
august avasaanathil villayumayulla obregoninte aadya koodikkazhchayil, hurta paraajayappettappol gwaadaalooppinte karansayude padhathiyil nirbandham pole karanza svayam meksikkoyude idakkaala presidentaayi prakhyaapikkanamenn iruvarum sammathichu. president sthaanathekku malsarikkaan kazhiyillennu ardhamaakkunnathinaal karanza athu cheyyaan visammathichu. sahacharyam nilanilkkumbol, karanza oru niyamaviruddha gavanmentinte thalavanaayirunnu. bharanaghadanaavaadikal bharanaghadanaaparamaaya gavanmentinte punasthaapanatthinaayi poraadiyennu karuthappedunnathinaal, rashtreeya adikaaram nilanirthunnathinaayi karanza athu lamghikkukayaayirunnu. supreme kodathiyilekku jadjimaare niyamikkaanum oru sivilian judiciary sthaapikkaanum villa obregonum caranciode aavasyappettu. federal, praadeshika thalangalil kaunsilukal sthaapikkaanum avar karansaykku apeksha nalki, athu pinneedu thiranjeduppinu kaaranamakum. oru puthiya federal kongras paavappettavarkk prayojanam cheiyunna niyamangal undaakkanamenn obregonum villa sammathichu. viplava sakthikal pazhaya federal sainyathe nasippichathinaal, deseeya sainyam enna oru puthiya sainika seena nilavil vannu. unnatha rashtreeya padavi vahikkunnathil ninnu sainikare thadayanamennu avar sammathichu. nilavil aayudhadhaarikalaaya eathoru viplavakaariyum sainyathil ninnu raajivaykkanamennum aarumaasathekku sivilian padavikku ayogyanaakkanamennum villayudeyum obregoninteyum karar vyavastha cheythu. svayam thiranjedukkappetta presidentaayi nilakollukayum bharanaghadanaavaadikal poraadiya ree-elakshan thathwathe lamghikkaathirikkukayum cheytha karansayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, villa obregonum prasidansikkuvendi malsarichilla, marichu bharanaghadanaa kramam punasthaapikkaan sramikkukayaayirunnu. palarum viplavathil cheraan kaaranam athayathinaal bhooparishkaranam udan kaikaaryam cheyyanamennaayirunnu villa obregonum thammilulla mattoru karar. viplava sainikarkkaayi bhoomiyil udan nadapadiyedukkunnathu mungananayai iru generalukalum kandu. obregon meksikoo cityilekku madangukayum karansaykku apeksha samarppikkukayum cheythu. ithu villayumaayi udan thanne bandham vichedikkaan edayaakkumennu obregon paranjenkilum carranza athu nirasichu.
vijayikalude kanvenshan, 1914.
villa carranza thammil edavela undaayirunnittum, viplava nethaakkal avarude abhiprayavyathyaasangal pariharikkanum munnottulla vazhi thayyarakkanum shramichu. toriyon udambadiyil carencistasum villistaasum sammathicha kanvenshan 1914 october 5 nuu aguvaaskaliyantasil nadannu. carrenza oru general allaathathinaal aguascaliantus kanvenshanil pankedutthilla, pakshe oru general enna nilayil obregon pankedutthu. kanvenshan taamasiyaathe rund pradhana vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkappettu (1) gwadaloop padhathiyude vaagdaanam paalikkanamennum 1857 leeii meksikoo bharanaghadana punasthaapikkanamennum kanvenshan urachuninna carencistakal; (2) gwadaloop padhathiyil paranjathinekkaal vishalamaaya saamoohika parishkaarangal thedunna villisttakal. vishalamaaya saamoohika parishkaarangalkk ahvaanam cheytha swantham ayal padhathi purappeduvicha thekk vimochana sainyathinte nethaavaaya emiliano sapatta villisttakale pinthunachu. onnara maasatholam obregon irupakshavum thammilulla nishpakshatha nilanirthukayum aabhyantharayudham ozhivaakkunna oru madhyanirayilethaan sramikkukayum cheythu.
oduvil, kanvenshanil villisttakal/saapattistakal vijayichuvennu vyakthamaayi; ennirunnaalum, oru "bharanaghadanaapoorva" bharanathinaayulla kanvenshante thayyaareduppukal sweekarikkaan carranza visammathichu, athu poornnamaayum aparyaapthamaanennu carranza vishwasichu, november avasaanathode karanza kanvenshan earppeduthiya bharanakoodatthinte adikaaram nirasichu. kakshikal thiranjedukkaan nirbandhithanaaya obregon caranceyude paksham cherukayum "primer jephi" kku vendi pooraadunnathinaayi kanvenshan vidukayum cheythu. kanvenshanil villistanmaarkkum saapattistakalkkumidiyil niravadhi suhruthukkale undaakkukayum avaril chilare thannodoppam pookaan prerippikkaan addehathinu kazhiyukayum cheythu. 1914 desember 12 nuu, benitoo jurasinte parishkarana niyamangale bodhapoorvam anukarikkunna parishkarana niyamangal ulppedeyulla oru abhilasha parishkarana paripadi aavishkaricha gwadaloop padhathiyilekku carranza thante kootticherkkalukal purappeduvichu.
1915ll kanvenshanistukalumaayulla yuddham.
orikkalkkoodi, sainika sevanathinu pakaramaayi bhoomi vaagdaanam cheythukondu vishwastharaaya sainikare niyamikkaan obregoninu kazhinju. eee saahacharyathil, 1915 februvariyil, francisco I-ll sthaapithamaaya araajakathva-syndicalist bandhangalumayulla thozhilaalli unionaaya '(loka thozhilaallikalude bhavanam)' ennathumaayi bharanaghadanaaparamaaya sainyam oru karaaril oppuvachu. maderoyude presidency. eee karaarinte falamaayi, kanvenshanisttukalude villaykkum sapaattaykkum ethire bharanaghadanaavaadikalkkoppam poraadaan aarr "redu bataaliyan" thozhilaallikal roopeekarichu. eee karar nagara thozhilaalivarggathinu kaaransisttayude niyamasadhutha nalkunnathinte paarshwafalangal undaakki.
1915-nte thudakkathil obregoninte sainyam pueblayil sapaattista senaye eluppathil paraajayappedutthiyenkilum villisttakal raajyathinte valiyoru bhaagatthinte niyanthranatthil thudarnnu. pancho villayude keezhilulla sakthikal bajiyoyilekku neengukayaayirunnu; general felip aamgelasinte sainyam saltillo pidichadakki angane vadakkukizhakkan mekhalayil aadhipathyam sthaapichu; kaaliksto kontreraasinteyum rodolfo feroyudeyum sakthikal padinjaaran meksikooye niyanthrichu; tomas arbeena keezhilulla sakthikal thamoulipaasilum saan luis potosiyilum sajeevamaayirunnu.
1982 leeii faclands yudhathinu munbulla laattin american charithratthile ettavum valia sainika ettumuttalaaya selaya yuddham ennariyappedunna naalu yudhangalil obregoninteyum villayudeyum sainyangal ettumutti. aadya yuddham 1915 epril 6 num 7 num nadakkukayum villisttakalude pinvaangalumaayi avasaanikkukayum cheythu. randaamathethu, selayayil, gwanajuwatto, epril 13 num epril 15 num idayil, villa selaya nagaratthe aakramichenkilum pinthirippikkappettpett nadannu. moonnaamathethu epril 29 num juun 5 num idayil trinidad, santa anaa dell konde ennivayude neenda position yudhamaayirunnu, athu krithyamaaya yudhamaayirunnu. pooraattatthil thante valathu kaii nashtappetta obregoninode villa veendum parajayappettu.
juulai 10 nuu aguvaaskaliyantasil obregoninte sainyathe thadayaan villa avasaanamaayi shramichenkilum vijayichilla. aadhunika feeld peerankikalude, prathyekichu mesheen gannukalude, aamukham yudhakkalathe oru prathirodha senaykk anukoolamaayi maattiyenn manassilakkiya aadyathe meksikkanmaaril oralaayi selaya yudhasamayathu obregon svayam verthirichu. vaasthavathil, obregon eee maattam padikkukayum selaya prathirodhikkaan athu upayogikkukayum cheythappol, onnaam lokamahaayudhathile europile tranchukalile generalukal appozhum raktharookshithavum kooduthalum parajayappettathumaaya koottakkuruthikale pinthunaykkukayaayirunnu.
obregoninte kaii.
villayumayulla yudhangalil obregoninte valathu kaii pottitherichu. spodanathil addeham eathaandu kollappedukayum addeham thante durithatthil ninnu svayam rakshappedaan sramikkukayum athu poortthiyaakkaan pisttal vedivaykkukayum cheythu. thokku vrithiyaakkiya asisttant dii camp thokkil vediyundakal idaan visammathichirunnu. thante thannekkurichu paranja oru vichitramaaya kathayil, kaanathaaya kaikkayulla thirachilil addeham pankuchernnu. "njaan thanne avare sahaayikkukayayirunnu, kaaranam oru kaii pole aavashyamaaya oru kaaryam upekshikkunnathu athra eluppamalla."thirachilukaarkku bhagyam undaayilla. oru sakhaavu pokkattil kayari oru swarnna nanayam uyarthi. obregon katha avasaanippichu, "pinne ellaavarum oru athbhutham kandu evide ninnu archariam, kaii puratthekku vannu, swarnna" asteca "[nanayam] uyarthiya sthalathekku vannu; athu mukalilekku ethi viralukalil snehathode pidichedutthu, athaayirunnu ente nashtappetta kaii prathyakshappedaanulla eaka maargam."pinneedu kaikk sugandham nalkukayum pinneedu 1928ll thaan kollapetta sthalathulla paarkk dii laa bombilla obregoninte smaarakathil pradarshippikkukayum cheythu. obregon ellaayppozhum yudhathil thante kaii nashtappettuvennu kaanikkan anuyojyamaaya vasthrangal dharichirunnu, ithu meksikoykkulla thante thyaagathinte drishyamaaya adayaalamaanu.
aadyakaala rashtreeya jeevitam, 1915-1920.
caranceyude yudhamanthri, 1915-1916.
1915 meyy maasathil, oru bharanaghadanaa kanvenshan nadakkunnathuvare meksikooye bharikkunna "bharanaghadanaaparamaaya bharanathinu munbulla" oru bharanathinte thalavanayi carranza svayam prakhyaapichirunnu. idakkaala president padavi ettedukkaan 1914 ll thanne obregon caransaykku apeksha nalkiyirunnu, athu prasidantilekkulla thante malsarathe thadassappeduthumennathil addeham athu cheyyaan visammathichu. villa sapaattayum upayogichu thante sthalam nikshepikkunnathinuparam obregon kaaransayodulla vishwasthatha thiranjedutthirunnu, koodaathe carranza thante puthiya manthrisabhayil obregonine yudhamanthriyaayi niyamichu. avar prathyakshatthil sakhyakakshikalaayirunnuve, caranceyudeyum obregoninteyum bandham pirimurukkamullathaayirunnu, ennaal eee ghattathil iruvarum oru thuranna edavela aagrahichilla. thozhilaallikalum kaarshika prasthaanavum uyarnna sthalangalile raashtreeyakkaarum chernnu svanthamaayi adhikara adithara kettippadukkaan obregon avasaram upayogichu. yudhamanthri enna nilayil, meksikkan sainyathe samagramaayi naveekarikkanum professionalise cheyyaanum obregon theerumaanichu. eee prakriyayil addeham oru staaf college oru milittari medisin school sthaapichu. vyomayaana vakupum pailattumaarkk pariseelanam nalkunnathinaayi oru school addeham sthaapichu. aayudha nirmmaanashaalakal sainyathinte nerittulla niyanthranathilaayirunnu.
1917-1920 enna carrenza upayogichu murichumaattuka.
1916 septambaril, carrenza oru bharanaghadanaa kanvenshan vilichucherthu, athu kverettaroyile kverettaroyil nadakkum. meksikkoyude 1857 leeii liberal bharanaghadanaye maanikkumenn addeham prakhyaapichu, ennirunnaalum athinte chila poraaymakal neekkam cheythu. 1916 desemberil bharanaghadanaa kanvenshan yogam chernnappol, karansayude udaaravaada braandumaayi adutha 85 yaadhaasthithikarum kendravaadikalum maathrame undaayirunnulloo, pradhaanamaayum "block renovador" ("puthukkal vibhaagam") ennariyappedunna oru sivilian grouppaanu. puthiya bharanaghadanayil bhooparishkaranavum thozhil avakashangalum ulppeduthanamennu 132 purogamana prathinidhikal vaadichu. obregon svayam oru prathinidhiyayirunnilla, pakshe karshakarum samghaditha thozhilaallikalum poraadiya lakshyangalkulla urappukalude bharanaghadanayil ulppeduthunnathinu purogamanavaadikal addehathinte pinthuna thedi. obregon ippol karansayumaayi bandham thakarkkukayum thante ganyamaaya bharam radicalukalkku pinnil eriyukayum cheythu. addeham theevravaadi niyamanirmmathaakkalumaayumaayum theevravaadi nethaakkalude boudhika nethaavaaya andrez molina entixumaayum koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum avarude ellah pradhana prasnangalkkum anukoolamaayi nilakollukayum cheythu. prathyekichum, caranceyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, obregon bharanaghadanayude article 27 prakaram nirbandhithamaaya bhooparishkaranathe pinthunachu. carranza ethirtha 3,130 ennee artikkilukaleyum addeham pinthunachu.
amgangalum viplavakaramaaya bharanaghadana vegathil thayyarakkukayum amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. villisttakaleyum saapattistakaleyum athinte karadu thayyarakkunnathil ninnu ozhivaakkiyenkilum rund vibhaagangalum sainikamaayi bharanaghadanaaparamaaya bharanakoodatthinum athinte puthiya bharanaghadanaykkum bheeshaniyaayi thudarnnu. puthiya bharanaghadanayodulla vishwasthatha prathijnjayeduttha udan thanne obregon yudhamanthri sthaanam raajivachu oru garbanzo karshakanenna nilayil thante jeevitam punaraarambhikkunnathinaayi huvaattabaampoyilekk viramichu. addeham mekhalayile garbanzo karshakare oru nirmmaathaavinte leagil samghadippikkukayum onnaam lokamahaayudhathil sakhyakakshikalude pakshathu poraadaan francilake pookaanulla ashayam hrasvamaayi rasippikkukayum cheythu. eee varshangalil addeham ganyamaaya thuka sambaadichu, koodaathe niravadhi sandarshakare rasippikkukayum cheythu. meksikkan viplavathinte vijayiyaya general enna nilayil obregon raajyathudaneelam valareyadhikam janapriyanaayi thudarnnu.
1919-nte thudakkathil, 1920-ll nadakkaanirikkunna president thiranjeduppil malsarikkaan obregon thante aparamaaya janapreeti upayogikkaan theerumaanichirunnu. 1920-ll thaan president sthaanathekku malsarikkillennu karansa prakhyaapichu, pakshe obregonine amgeekarikkaan visammathichu, pakaram anjjaathanaaya nayathanthranjanaaya ignacio bonilaasine pinthunachu. 1919 juunil obregon thante sthaanaarthithvam prakhyaapichu. mikka viplava generalukaleyum onnippikkunna partyaya "partido liberal constitutionalist" (plc) yude sthaanaarthiyaayi addeham malsarichu. obregoninte bandhuvum aayudhadhaariyumaaya general benchamin hill party sthaapaka amgamaayirunnu. meksikoo sittiyile obregoninte pinthuna addeham ekopippikkukayum sapaattista general genovo dii laa oye sameepikkukayum cheythu. thalasthaanathe sapaattista bheeshani durbalappeduthukayum ennaal illaathaakkaathirikkuyum cheythukondu carrenza 1919ll emiliano sapaattaye vadikkukayum cheythu. 
augustil, obregon luis nepolian moronsumaayum meksikkan thozhilaallikalude praadeshika konfedareshanumaayum oru karar oppittu, thiranjedukkappettaal thaan oru thozhil vakupp srishtikkumennum vyavasaya vaanijya thozhil sauhruda mantriye sthaapikkumennum oru puthiya thozhil niyamam purappeduvikkumennum vaagdaanam cheythu. 1919 novemberil obregon aathmaarthamaayi pracharanam aarambhichu.
obregoninekkaal valare yaadhaasthithikanaayirunnu carranza, orikkal presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettappol, 1917 leeii bharanaghadanayude viplava gadakangal addeham nadappakkiyilla. swantham kaikalil adikaaram kendreekarikkaan carranza shramichu. 1920ll presidentaakaan carrenza thanne prolsaahippikkumennu obregon pratheekshichirunnuvena addehathil ninnu oru vakkupolum vannilla. thaan presidentaakaan malsarikkumennu obregon telegram vazhi carranza ariyichu. obregoninte aupachaarika prakhyapanam vyaapakamaayi vitharanam cheyyappedukayum "carranza bharanathinte thinmakale" kurichu obregon apalapikkukayum cheythu."obregoninte nirasikkalil aswasthanaaya carranza, yuu. esile meksikkan ambaasadare thiranjedutthu sonora samsthaanathu ninnu oru president sthaanaarthiye thedi.ezz. ignacio bonillas. thante saha sonorance carranza thiranjeduttha sthaanaarthiyaanennu obregon kettappol addeham paranju, "oru mikacha vyakthi, ente" pysano "bonillas. gauravamullavanum sathyasandhan kadinaadhvaaniyumaaya oru manushyan. lokathinu oru mahathaaya book keepparine nashtappettu."
caranceyude nirddeshaprakaaram, senatt obregoninte sainika padavi eduthukalanju, ithu obregoninte janapreeti vardhippichu. thudarnnu, obregon carranza bharanakoodatthinethire sayudha prakshobham aasoothranam cheiyukayaanennu oru praayapoorthiyaakaatha udyogasthan avakaashappedunna oru goodaalochana karanza aasoothranam cheythu. obregon oru railway udyogasthanaayi veshammari gararioyilekku palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhithanaayi, avide addehathinte muun keezhudyogastharil oraal gavarnaraayirunnu.
1920 epril 20 nuu obregon chilpansingho pattanatthil oru prakhyapanam purappeduvichu, bonillaasinte president sthaanaarthithvathe pinthunaykkaan carranza pothu panam upayogichuvennu aaropichu. carranza bharanakoodatthinethiraaya viplavathil addeham sonora govarnor adolfo dii laa hurtayodu kooru prakhyaapichu.
epril 23 nuu sonoranmaar aguwa priyata padhathi puratthirakki, ithu presidentinu ethire sainika kalaapathin kaaranamaayi. obregoninte sonoran senaye general hill, gildardo magana, genovevo dii laa oo ennivarude neethrthwathilulla saapattistaas ennivar vardhippichu.
1920 meyy meyy obregoninte sainyam meksikoo nagaram pidichedutthathinushesham 1920 meyy meyy kalapam vijayikkukayum carranza sthaanabhrashtanaakkappedum cheythu. general rodolfo hereroyude neethrthwathil kuthirappurathu meksikoo nagaratthil ninnu veracruzilekku oodippoyappool addeham nadatthiya aakramanathil carranza kollappettu.
aarr maasathekku, 1920 juun 1 muthal 1920 desember 1 vare, thiranjeduppu nadakkunnathuvare adolfo dii laa hurta meksikkoyude thaalkkaalika presidentaayi sevanamanushtichu. obregane vijayiyayi prakhyaapichappol, dii laa hurta sthaanamozhiyukayum puthiya sarkkaaril treasury sekrattariyude sthaanam ettedukkukayum cheythu.
meksikkoyude president, 1920-1924.
obregon presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettathu pradhaanamaayum meksikkan viplavathinte akramatthinte avasaanathe soochippikkunnu. 1922-ll lucio blancoyude maranavum 1923-ll pancho villayude kolapaathakavum obregoninte bharanathinu sheshikkunna avasaanathe vyakthamaaya velluvilikale illaathaakkum. thante bharanakaalathu parasparavirudhamaaya nayangal addeham pinthudarnnu.
vidyaabhyaasa parishkaarangalum saamskaarika vikasanangalum.
obregon jose vaaskonselosine (meksikkoyile deseeya svayambharana sarvakalaashaalayude rector, kaaransayodulla ethirppu kaaranam naadukadatthappetta [aii. dii. 1]) thante pothu vidyaabhyaasa sekrattariyaayi niyamichu. raajyathudaneelam puthiya schoolukal nirmmikkunnathinulla oru valia sramam vaaskonsilos nadatthi. ekadesham 1,000 grameena schoolukalum 2,000 pothu librarikalum nirmikkappettu.
meksikkoyude charithratheyum meksikkan viplavatheyum kurichulla oru vivaranam srishticha kalaparamaaya sambhavavikasangal prolsaahippikkunnathum vaaskonselosinu thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. meksikkoyiludaneelamulla pothu kettidangalude chuvarukalil meksikkan viplavathinte aathmaavine prakadippikkunna chuvarchithrangal srishtikkaan diego rivera, david alfaro sikviros, jose klement orosco, roberto montenegro thudangiya kalakaaranmaare kshanichathode meksikkan chuvarchithrangalude kalaa prasthaanatthinte thudakkam obregon presidentaayirikke kandu.
1921ll speyinil ninnu meksikoo swaathanthryam nediyathinte nooram vaarshikathodanubandhichu vipulamaaya aakhoshangal nadatthi viplavathekkurichum charithratthil athinte sthaanathekkurichum pothujana daaranakal roopappeduthaanum obregon shramichu. maiguval hidalgoyude kalaapathinte thudakkathe anusmarippikkunna atharam aakhoshangal 1910 ll dias bharanakoodam nadathiyirunnu. 1921ll obrigon sarkkar swaathanthryathinteyum viplavathinteyum charitraparamaaya oormmakal roopappeduthunnathinu oru theeyathi nalki. viplavasamayathe oru pathittaand neenda akramathinu sesham, noottaand aakhoshangal meksikkankku avarude charithratheyum swathuatheyum kurichu prathifalippikkaanum samaadhaanakaalathe vyathichalanagal aaswadikkaanum avasaram nalki. obregane sambandhichidatholam, viplava samrambhangalkk charitraparamaaya verukalundennum swaathanthryam pole viplavam meksikkankku puthiya avasarangal nalkiyennum oonnipparayaanulla oru margamaayirunnu noottaand. obregon "eee avasaram sarkkarinum vipuleekaranathiloode viplavathinum janangal nalkunna pinthuna vardhippikkaan vardhippikkaan shatabdi aakhoshangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, vyathyasthamayi oru kettidatthinu udghaadanam cheyyaan smaaraka vaasthuvidya undaayirunnilla.
thozhil bandhangal.
1919 august maasathil luis nepolian moronsumaayum regional konfedareshan oof meksikkan varkkezhsumaayum (crome) obregon karar palikkukayum oru thozhil vakupp srishtikkukayum vyavasaya vaanijya mantriye niyamikkukayum oru puthiya thozhil niyamam purappeduvikkukayum cheythu.
1920 kalude thudakkathil moronukalum croms kooduthal shakthipraapichu, avayude vardhicha sakthiye ethirkkunnathu obregoninu valare budhimuttaayirikkum. 1923ll thozhilaallikalude pothusakhyatthe eathaandu illaathaakkiya morons thante athiraalikalkkethire akramam nadatthaan bhayapettilla.
krominte vijayam meksikkoyile ellah thozhilaalikalkkum vijayamayi vivarthanam cheyyapettilla, meksikoo bharanaghadanayude article 123 idaykkide maathrame nadappaakkiyittulloo. angane, kromte panimudakkaanulla avakasham amgeekarikkappettappol, noonn-crome panimudakkukal poliso sainyamo thakarthu. koodaathe, kurachu meksikkan thozhilaallikalkk njaayarazhchakalil shambalathode avadhi labhichu, allengil avarude pravrithi divasam ettu manikoraayi parimithappedutthaan kazhinju.
bhooparishkaranam.
karansayude keezhil undaayirunnathinekkaal vipulamaayirunnu obregoninte keezhil nadanna bhooparishkaranam. obregon bharanaghadanaaparamaaya bhoomi punarvitharana vyavasthakal nadappaakkukayum addehathinte presidency kaalayalavil motham 921,627 hector bhoomi vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, sonora oru vijayakaramaya vaanijya garbanzo karshakanaayirunnu obregon, "soshyalisathilo bhooparishkaranathilo vishwasichilla", koodaathe "samoolamaaya bhooparishkaranam meksikkan sambadvyavasthaye nasippikkukayum upajeevana krishiyilekku madangivarikayum cheiyumennu maderoyodum caranceyodum yojichu."
catholica sabhayumaayulla bandham.
meksikkoyile roman catholica sabhayile niravadhi nethaakkalum amgangalum amgangalum bharanaghadanaye angeyattam vimarshichu. skoolukalile mathaparamaya prabodhanam nirodhikkunna article 3, ellah mathathilumulla purohithanmarkkum manthrimaarkkum pothupadavi vahikkunnathino rashtreeya partykalkko sthaanaarthikalkko vendi pracharanam nadathunnathino adutha rakthabandhukkalallaatha vyakthikalil ninnu anantharaavakaasham nedunnathino niravadhi niyanthranangal ulppeduthi sabhayey samsthaanatheyum verthirikkunna theevramaaya roopam sweekaricha article 130 ennivaye avar prathyekichum vimarshichu.
obregoninu catholica sabhayekkurich samshayamundaayirunnuvenkum, thante pingamiyaaya plutarco elias kolasinekkaal addeham virudhanaayirunnu. kolukalude nayangal kristtaro yudhathilekku (1926-29) nayikkum. udaaharanathinu, 1922-ll thiranjedukkappettathin obregon piyus pathinaar marpappa abhinandikkukayum, catholica sabhayudeyum meksikkan viplavathinteyum lakshyangalude "poorakatha" kku oonnal nalkikkond maarppaappaykk oru swakaarya sandeshathil ayaykkukayum cheythu.
obregoninte mithamaaya sameepanam undaayirunnittum, addehathinte presidency catholicar meksikkan viplavathe pinthunaykkunnavarum thammilulla ettumuttalukalude thudakkam kandu. chila bishappukal bhooparishkaranathinum mathethara unionukalaayi thozhilaallikale samghadippikkunnathinum ethire sajeevamaayi pracharanam nadatthi. 1922-leeii payas shiyude encyclical "yubi arcano dee konsiliyoo" yude pashchaathalatthil meksikkoyil catholica aakshan prasthaanangal sthaapikkappettu, yuva meksikkan catholica nadapadiye pinthunaykkunnavar taamasiyaathe crome amgangalumaayi akramasakthamaaya samgharshathil earppettu.
1923ll meksikkoyile apostolica nyoonsiyo aaya ernesto philippi oru pallikku purathu oru mathaparamaya sevanam nadathunnathu niyamavirudhamaanenkilum oru thuranna mathaparamaya sevanam nadathiyappozhaanu ettavum gurutharamaaya nayatantra sambhavam nadannathu. bharanaghadanayude article 33 sarkkar prayogikkukayum meksikkoyil ninnu philippi puratthaakkukayum cheythu.
meksikoo-yuu.ezz. bandhangal.
president enna nilayil, obregoninte pradhana mungananakalilonnu addehathinte bharanakoodathinu nayatantra amgeekaaram nalkuka, saadhaarana meksikoo-yunaittad stetts bandham punararambhikkuka ennivayaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum addeham yuu nirasichu.ezz. meksikoo bharanaghadanayude 27-aamm vakupp raddaakkanamennu aavasyappettukondu obregon americayumaayi oru pradhana karar charcha cheythu, nayatantra amgeekaaram nedunnathinaayi americaykku chila elavukal nalkia 1923 augustile bookerelli udambadi. texes oayil konduvanna oru kesil meksikkan supreme kodathi article 27 munkaala praabalyatthil varunnillennu prakhyaapichappol ithu prathyekichum sahaayakamaayi. obregon yuu. esumaayulla prasnangal pariharicha mattoru pradhana mekhala.ezz. mattu videsha sarkkarukal meksikkan-yunaittad stetts general claim kammeeshanaayirunnu. dhanakaaryamantri adolfo dii laa heurta oru karaaril oppuvachu, athil meksikoo anthaaraashtra bankermarkkulla $1.451 dasalaksham kadam amgeekarichu. oduvil, bookerelli konfaransil, meksikoo oru videsha ennakkambaniyeyum pidichedukkillenna american aavasyathinum pakaramaayi yuu. esinum obregon sammathichu.ezz. addehathinte sarkkaarine amgeekarichu. bookerelli konfaransile adolfo dii laa hurta ulppede niravadhi mexicancar obregonine oru vilppanakkaaran ("entreguista") ennu vimarshichu.
dhii laa heurta rebriation, 1923-1924.
1923-ll obregon malsarikkaan arhathayillaatha 1924-leeii thiranjeduppil plutarco elias prasidantinulla aahvaanathe obregon amgeekarichu. obregoninte thiranjeduppinu sesham sthaanamozhiyunnathinu munbu 1920 ll idakkaala presidentaayi sevanamanushticha dhanakaaryamantri adolfo dii laa heurta, obregon addehathinte thiranjedukkappetta pingamikalaaya kolukalkkumethiraaya kalaapathil chernnu. swantham sthaanaarthiye rajyath adichelppicha karansayude thettu obregon aavarthikkunnuvennu dii laa hurta vishwasichu. president thiranjeduppil qoo-operative party sthaanaarthithvam dii laa hurta sweekarichu. dii laa hurta pinneedu cherukayum obregoninethiraaya oru valia sainika prakshobhatthinu thante peru nalkukayum cheythu. sainyathinte pakuthiyiladhikam perum deey laa hurta kalaapathil pankuchernnu, obregoninte muun sakhaakkalil palarum ippol addehathinethire thirinju. veracruzilum jaliscoyilum vimatha sainyam aninirannu. jaliscoyile okkotlaanil nadanna nirnnayaka yudhathil obregoninte sainyam vimatha senaye thakarthu. thakarthu bookerelli udambadi oppuvechathinethudarna american aikyanaadukal nalkia nayatantra amgeekaaram vimatharkkethiraya obregoninte vijayathil nirnaayakamaayirunnu. yuu.ezz. obregon aayudangal nalkukayum 17 yuu ayakkukayum cheythu.ezz. jaliscoyile vimatharkk nere bomb spodanangal nadatthiya vimanangal. jenne ulppede thante muun sakhaakkalil palareyum obregon vettayaadi. salvador alvarado luxpato meikot avare vadikkukayum cheythu. naadukadatthappettavaril oraalaayirunnu dii laa hurta. kalapam adichamarthiyathinethudnar, collus presidentaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum obregon sthaanamozhiyukayum cheythu.
pinneedulla varshangalil, 1924-1928.
presidentaayi thiranjedukkappetta kolukalethudarnnu obregon krishikkaayi sonorayilekku madangi. yaakki thaazhvarayil addeham oru "kaarshika viplavathinu" neethrthwam nalkukayum avide aadhunika jalasechanam avatharippikkukayum cheythu. kaajemile oru rais mill, oru seafood packing plaant, oru sopp factory, tomato feeldukal, oru kaar vaadakaykku edukkunna bisinesses, oru chanam bagg factory enniva ulppeduthikkondu obregon thante bisinesses thalpparyangal vipuleekarichu.
obregon thante pingamiyaayi niyamicha president kolukalumaayi adutha bandham pulartthukayum chappultepec kottayil pathivayi vilikkunna athidhiyaayirunnu. ithu obregon porpherio diyaasinte paatha pinthudaraan uddeshikkunnundennum kolukal maanuval gonsaalasinu thulyamaaya oru paava roopamaanennu bhayappedaan kaaranamaayi. 1926 octoberil meksikkan kongras kaalavadhi paridhikal raddaakkiyappol eee aashankakal rookshamaayi, angane 1928 ll obregoninu president sthaanathekku malsarikkaan vazhiyorukki.
yakvi janathayude neethrthwathilulla oru kalapam adichamarthunnathinaayi 1926 october muthal 1927 epril vareyulla kaalayalavil obregon yudhakkalathilekku madangi. obregon aadyamaayi sainika praadhaanyathilekku uyarnnathinaal ithu virodhaabhaasamaayirunnu, yakvi sainikare nayikkunna addeham avarkk bhoomi vaagdaanam cheythu, koodaathe 1926-27 yakvi kalapam bhooparishkaranathinulla oru aavashyamaayirunnu. colls gavanmentinodulla vishwasthatha theliyikkunnathinum sainyathil thante thudarchayaaya swaadheenam kaanikkunnathinum mekhalayile vardhichuvarunna akramatthinte falamaayi durithamanubhavikkaan thudangiya yaakki thaazhvarayile thante vaanijya thalpparyangal samrakshikkunnathinum obregon eee prachaaranatthil pankedutthirikkaam.
veendum thiranjeduppum kolapaathakavum.
obregon 1927 meyy maasathil audyogikamaayi thante presidential pracharanam aarambhichu. crome pothujanaabhipraayatthinte valiyoru bhaagavum addehathinte punar thiranjeduppinu athiraayirunnu, pakshe addeham appozhum sainyathinteyum deseeya kaarshika party pinthunaye aashrayichu.
obregoninte ettavum pazhaya sakhyakakshikalil randuperaaya general arnalpho aarr. gomez general francisco serano addehathinte veendum thiranjedukkunnathine ethirthu. serrano obregon virudha kalapam aarambikkukayum aathyanthikamayi vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. gomez pinneedu obregoninethire oru kalaapathin ahvaanam cheythenkilum taamasiyaathe kollappettu.
kollappettu meksikkan president thiranjeduppil obregon vijayichenkilum presidentinte chumathalayelkkunnathinu maasangalkk munbu addeham vadikkappettu. roman katholikkarodulla kolukalude kadinamaaya perumaattam 1926ll pottippurapetta kristtaro yuddham ennariyappedunna oru kalaapathilekku nayichu. kolukalude sakhyakakshiyenna nilayil, obregonine catholicar verukkukayum meksikoo nagaratthilekku madangiyethiyathinu thottupinnaale 1928 juulai juulai laa bombilla kafeyil vachu sarkkaarinte catholica virudha nayangale ethirtha roman katholikkanaaya jose dii liyon toral addehathe vadikkukayum cheythu. collus gavanmentinte mathaviruddha niyamangalal toral vranappettu, ithu catholicar bharanakoodatthinethire kristtaro yudhathilekku nayichu. obregon kolukaleppole kadutha athirppullavanaayirunnil, addeham prasidantaayirunnappol 1917 leeii bharanaghadanayile ethir vyavasthakal adichelppichittilla. toralinte thudarnnulla vichaarana addehathe kuttakkaaranaanennu vidhikkanum firing squad addehathe vadhikkanum kaaranamaayi. madrey konchitta" enna perilulla maria kansepshiyon asevedo dii laa llaatta enna kapuchin kanyasthreeye kesil ulppeduthukayum obregoninte kolapaathakathinu pinnile soothradhaaranaanennu karuthukayum cheythu. oru varsham munbu obregane vadhikkan sramichathinu thettayi sikshikkappetta migewell proyude vadhashikshaykk liyon toral prathikaram cheythu.
bahumathikal.
meksikoo sittiyil nadanna oru prathyeka chadangil alvarro obregoninu jappaante oordar oof kraisanthimam labhichu. 1924 november november jappanil ninnulla meksikkoyile prathyeka ambasadaraaya baaran shigetsuma furuya presidentinu eee bahumati nalki.
paarambaryavum maranananthara amgeekaaravum.
viplavakaalath obregon oru prathibhadhananaaya sainika thanthranjanaayirunnuvenku selaya yudhathil pancho villayude division dell norte nirnnaayakamaayi paraajayappeduthi meksikkoyude presidentaayi, addehathinte maranananthara naama amgeekaaravum viplavathinte naayakanenna nilavaravum villayudeyo emiliano sapaattayudeyo aduthalla. aaa rund viplavanethaakkale nashtappettathupole obregoninte maranananthara aaraadhanayilla. 1945ll obregoninte vadhathinte vaarshikathil, audyogika chadangu kurachu pere aakarshichu.
1923ll american president enna nilayil addeham amerikkayil ninnu vijayakaramaayi amgeekaaram nedukayum american ikyanaadukalumaayulla tharkkam oru kaalayalavilekku pariharikkukayum cheythu.ezz. bookerelli udambadiyiloode ennayude mail, meksikkan schoolukal nirmmikkunnathiloode mexicanmark padanathilekkulla praveshanam vipuleekaricha, ennaal meksikkan myooralistukalude pothu kalayiloode, pothu vidyaabhyaasa sekrattari jose vaaskonsilosinodu poornna niyanthranam neduka. orupakshe porpherio diasineppole, obregon svayam raajyathin anivaaryamaayi kaanukayum meksikkoyile presidentinaayi veendum malsarikkaan 1917 leeii bharanaghadana bhedagathi cheyyukayum cheythu. ithu valanjathum palarudeyum manassil bharanaghadanayil prathishtichittulla "veendum thiranjeduppu illa" enna viplavakaramaaya bharanathe lamghichu.
1928ll president padavi ettedukkunnathinu munbu addeham vadhikkappettath meksikkoyil oru valia rashtreeya prathisandhi srishtichu, ithu addehathinte saha sonoran generalum muun prasidantumaaya plutarco elias collus deseeya viplava party srishtichathiloode pariharichu.
thekkan meksikoo nagaratthile saan angel parisarathulla paarkk dii laa bombillayilaan alvarro obregoninte gambheeramaaya smaarakam sthithi cheiyunnathu. obregon kollapetta sthalathaanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu, ithu meksikkoyile orotta viplavakaariyude ettavum valia smaarakamaanu. smaarakathil obregoninte murichumaattappettathum varshangalayi, 1915-ll nashtappettathum vashalayikkondirikkunnathu valathukai. 1989-ll kaii thanne kathichathinu sesham muricha kaiyude marble shilpam ippol smaarakathilund. mattu viplavakaarikale ippol adakkam cheiyunna meksikoo nagaratthile viplavathinte smaarakathekkaal obregoninte mrithadeham sonorayile huvaattabaampoyilaanu kuzhichittirikkunnathu. sonorayil, obregonine oru kuthirasavaari prathima nalki aadarikkunnu, avide addehathe rund kaikalulla oorjjaswalanaaya sainikanaayi kaanikkunnu.
randaamathe valia nagaramaya sonorayil, viplava nethaavinte perilaanu siudad obregon ariyappedunnathu. obregoninte makan alvarro obregon tapia obregoninte kolapaathakathetthudarnnu sthaapithamaaya sthaapana viplava party sthaanaarthiyaayi sonorayude govarnoraayi oru thavana sevanamanushtichu. siudad obregoninu sameepam nirmmicha alvarro obregon anakkett obregoninte makante govarnarative bharanakaalathu pravarthanakshamamaayi.
meksikkoyil thaddesheeyamaayi kaanapedunna cheria kallichedikalude oru janussinte perilaanu obregon aadarikkappedunnathu-"obregonia denegri".
janakeeya samskaarathil.
jaims carlos blekkinte 'dhaa fronds oof pancho villa' (1996) enna novalil obregon oru pradhana kathapaathramaanu.
itaaliyan ezhuthukaaranaaya valerio ivaanchalisttiyude (2006) "ill collar spesatto" enna novalilum obregon avatharippikkappettittu.
obregoninte paarambaryavum nashtappetta avayavangalum meksikkan-american gayakan gaanarachayithaavumaaya ell vesinte 1996 leeii aalbamaaya jii yill ninnulla "dhii aam oof obregon" enna kruthiyude vishayangalaan.aii. ayyo! ayyo! blues ".

