
hofmante maramkothi

maramkothi kudumbatthile pikine upakudumbathile oru inam pakshiyaanu hofmans maramkothi (melanerps hofmanni). thekk honduras muthal koostaa rica vare ithu kaanapedunnu. 
taxonomy aandu systematics.
hofmante maramkothi yadhaarthathil "senchuras" janussil vivarichirunnu. chila rachayithakkal ithine swarnna-munvashamulla maramkothi ("m". aurifronukal), hofmante shreniyude vadakku bhagathaayi iva randum sankaravalkkarikkappedunnu. hofmans chuvanna kireedamulla maramkothiyumaayi ("m". rubricapilus) thekk.
hofmante maramkothi ekaroopamaanu.
jarmman prakrithishaasthranjanaaya kaal hofmante perilaanu eee inam ariyappedunnathu.
vivaranam.
hofmante maramkothikku neelavum bhaaravumund. thalayude paatten ozhike lingangalude thoovalukal orupoleyaanu. praayapoorthiyaaya aankuttikalkku mangiya velutha munkaiyum supersilyavum, thilangunna chuvanna kireedavum, thilangunna manja allengil ooranchu kazhuthum undu. praayapoorthiyaaya penthumbikalkku mangiya velutha kireedavum ilam manja niratthilulla kazhuthum undu. rund lingakkaarudeyum mukhavum thondayude vashangalum manjaniramulla chaaraniramaanu. avayude purakilum mukalilumulla rambukal karuppum veluppum varandathum thaazhathe rambum mukalile vaalum parathunnava thadassamillaatha vellayumaan. avayude parakkunna thoovalukal karutha niratthilullathum velutha baarukalum chila velutha paadukalum ullathaanu. ivayude wall karuthathum thoovalukalil bhooribhaagavum veluthathumaanu. avarude thondayudeyum nenchinteyum vashangal manjaniramulla chaaraniravum thaadi, thonda, nench enniva mangiya chaaraniram muthal manjaniram vare vella madhya wier thilakkamulla manjayumaanu. avayude vashangalum undertail kavarukalum karutha baarukalulla mangiya manjaniramulla vellayaan. avarude nottu karuppum airis hassel, kaalukal neela chaaraniram muthal chaaraniram vare.
vitharanavum aavaasavyavasthayum.
thekkupadinjaaran honduraasile koluttekka vibhaagathil ninnu pasaphik charivile nikkargwa vazhi central koostaa rica vare hofmante maramkothi kaanapedunnu. ell salvadoril ninnulla oru rekhayum undu. varandathum elapozhiyum vanangalilum thanalulla kaappi thottangal, nagara paarkkukal, veettu udyaanangal thudangiya kooduthal thurassaaya pradeshangalilum eee inam vasikkunnu. samudranirappu muthal honduras vare, nikkargwa vare, koostaa rikkayekkaal kooduthal uyarathilaanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu.
perumaattam.
chalanam.
hofmante maramkothi athinte paridhiyiludaneelam varsham muzhuvanum thaamasikkunnavaraanu.
bhakshanam.
hofmante maramkothi saadhaaranayaayi vanathinte adithattil ninnu athinte melaappuvare meikkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu nilathu bhakshikkunnath nireekshikkappettundu. athinte bhakshanakramam kooduthalum shayikkunna thumbikkaiyilum shaakhakalilum ninnu verthirichedukkunna aarthropodukalaan. ithu vaividhyamaarnna pazhangal bhakshikkukayum valia pookkalil ninnu thaine edukkukayum cheiyunnu. idaykkide mattu pakshikalude muttakal bhakshikkunnu. 
prajnana.
hofmante maramkothinte prajananakalam kuranjathu januvari muthal juulai vare neendunilkkukayum saadhaaranayaayi rund santhathikale valarthukayum cheiyunnu. iru lingakkaarum mriduvaaya maram, jeevanulla kaippathikal allengil veli posttukal ennivayil koodu araye khananam cheiyunnu. arra saadhaaranayaayi nilatthinu mukalilaanu, rund lingangalum mattu hofmante maramkothikalil ninnum titrakalil ninnum athine aakramich prathirodhikkunnu. rando moonno muttakalaan klachinte valippam. maathaapithaakkal iruvarum klachum provision nestlingukalum incubate cheiyunnu. incubation kaalayalavum valarunnathinulla samayavum ariyilla.
shabdavum noonn vokkal shabdangalum.
hofmante ettavum saadhaaranamaaya maramkothi kooll iru lingakkaarum nirmmicha "churr" aanu. avar "oru vichitramaaya, thadippikkunna", "oru viraykkunna-oru viraykkunna-oru viraykkunna-aaa" ennivayum undaakkunnu..". allengil "vikka vika"."eee inam saadhaaranayaayi chattha maratthil drum cheiyunnundenkilum loha gadanakalil drum cheiyunnathu nireekshikkappettundu.
padavi.
hofmante maramkothi ettavum aashankaajanakamallennu iucn vilayiruthiyittundu. ithinu oru valia shreniyundu, kuranjathu 50,000 pakwathayulla vyakthikalude janasamkhya vardhichukondirikkanu vishwasikkappedunnu. udanadi bheeshanikalonnum kandethiyitla. vardhichuvarunna manushya kolanivalkkaranathethudnar vananaseekaranam kaaranam sameepa varshangalil ithu athinte vitharanam vardhippichu", ennaal "[iii] chattha marangalude parimithappedutthal...koodundaakkunna uparithalangale parimithappeduthunnathi eee inathinte janasamkhyaye prathikoolamaayi badhikkunnu."

