
enheduvaana

sumerian nagara-samsthaanamaaya yoorile chandradevanaya nannayude (siin) pithavaaya akkadinte sargoninte bharanakaalathu endu (unnatha) purohithayaayirunnu enheduvaana (, lipyantharanam, allengil vakabhedangal). pithaavinte acadian mathavum thaddesheeya sumerian mathavum thammilulla bandham urappikkunnathinaayi avalude pithaav avale urile mathaparamaya aaraadhanayude nethaavaayi niyamichirikkaam.
lokacharithrathile ettavum aadyakaala ezhuthukaariyaayi enheduwana visheshippikkappedunnu, kaaranam sumerian saahithyathile "inaannayude unnamanam" polulla niravadhi kruthikal avare aadya vyakthi aakhyaathaavaayi avatharippikkunnu, koodaathe "sumerian kshetra sthuthigeethangal" polulla mattu kruthikal avare avarude rachayithaavaayi thirichariyaan saadhyathayund. ennirunnaalum, bhashaaparavum puraavasthushaasthraparavumaaya adisthaanangale adisthaanamaakki aadhunika asyriologistukalkkilkil avar yadhaarthathil avarkk avakashappetta eathenkilum punarnirmmicha kruthikal ezhuthiyo rachikkukayo cheythittille ennathinekkurichu ganyamaaya charchakal nadakkunnundu. koodaathe, avar jeevichu aarr noottaandukalkku sesham aadyathe babylonian saamraajyathile ezhuthukaar ezhuthiya kruthikalude kayyezhuthuprathikal avar samsaarikkumaayirunnathine sumerian bhaashayude ettavum puthiya bhashayil ezhuthiyavayaanu. pilkkala babylonian paarambaryangalile akkattile sargon raajavamshathinte aithihaasika vivaranangalude bhaagamaayi eee ezhuthukaar eee kruthikal avarkk nalkiyirikkaam.
aadyathe babylonian saamraajyathinte avasaanathinu sesham kurachukaalathinushesham enheduvaanayude saamskaarika oormmayum avalkk avakashappetta kruthikalum nashtappettu. 1927ll sarr leonard wooley purathana nagaramaya euril gipaaruvil khananam cheyyukayum avalude perulla oru alabaastar disk kandethukayum akkadinte sargonumaayulla bandham, pinnil alekhanam cheytha thozhil enniva kandethukayum cheythappol aadhunika puraavasthugaveshanamaanu enheduvaanayude nilanilpp aadyamaayi kandethiyathu. pinneedu sumerian saahithyathinte khananam cheytha kruthikalil avarude perinekkurichulla paraamarshangal kandethi, athu avarude aaa kruthikal rachikkaan saadhyathayullathinekkurich anweshanam aarambhichu. enheduvaanayude puraavastu punarnirmmaanam aadhunika kaalath ganyamaaya shradhayum pandithochithamaaya charchayum aakarshichu, ariyappedunna aadyathe ezhuthukaariyenna nilayil avalude sambhavyathayumaayi bandhappettathaan. feminism vishayathilum avarkk ganyamaaya shradha labhichittund, koodaathe classical vaachaadopathinte aadyakaala poorvvikayaayi avarkk avakashappetta kruthikal padikkappettittund. avarude kruthikalude engleesh vivarthanangal niravadhi saahitya parivarthanangalkkum praathinidyangalkkum prachodanamaayittundu.
pashchaathalam.
ecadian saamraajyathinte sthaapakanaaya akkadinte sargonaayirunnu enheduvaanayude pithaav. avasheshikkunna oru likhithathil sargon svayam "akkadile rajaavaaya sargon, inannayile melnottakkaaran (" mashkim "), kish rajaavu, anuu, raajyathe rajaavu [mesopotamia], enlilinte govarnor (" ensie ") ennivarude abhishikta (" guda ") shailiyil". urookkinte keezhadakkalum, saargon "enlil gettilekku oru collaril" konduvanna lugalsagesiyude parajayavum eee likhitham aaghoshikkunnu sargon thudarnnu urr keezhadakkukayum lagash muthal kadal vareyulla pradesham "nasippikkukayum" cheythu, aathyanthikamayi kuranjathu 34 nagarangalenkilum keezhadakki.
airin jeey. sumerian chandradeva aaradhanayil oru pradhana sthaanathekku enheduwana niyamichukondu, yur keezhadakkiya sargon, "yurinte pradhana aaraadhanayilum rashtreeya kendratthilum parambaraagatha sumerian bhoothakaalavumaayulla acadian raajavamshathinte bandhangal ekeekarikkaan" sramichathaayi shaithyakaalam prasthaavikkunnu. thaan niyamikkapetta sthaanam munkootty nilaninnirunnuvennum eee rolilekkulla avalude niyamanavum nannayodulla attribution sumerian mathavum semittik mathavum thammil oru samanvayamundaakkaan sahaayichittundaakumenume shaithyakaalam prasthaavikkunnu. enheduvaanaykku sesham, raajakudumbaamgangal mahaapurohithiyude punk thudarnnu. joonn goodnik westenholls abhipraayappedunnathu, mahaapurohithiyude punk oru raajaavinte rolinu samanamaaya thalatthilulla bahumanam vahichirunnathayi thonnunnu; nannayude mahaapurohithiyeppole, enneduvana nandayude pankaliyaaya ningalinte aalroopamaayi pravarthikkumaayirunnu, athu avalude pravarthanangalkku daivika adikaaram nalkumaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, annayude purohitiye aaradhikkunna oorile gipaaruvinekkurichu puraavastu gaveshakar vipulamaayi padichittundenkilum avarude kadamakalekkurichu krithyamaaya vivarangalonnumilla.
lugal-aaneyude kalapam.
sargoninte kochumakan naram-sinte bharanathinte avasaanathode niravadhi muun nagara-samsthaanangal acadian kendrashakthikkethire kalapam nadatthi. niin meeii saaraa" ("inaanayude unnamanam") enna gaanatthile soochanakalil ninnu, sambhavangal enheduvaannayude veekshanakonil ninnu punarnirmikkaan kazhiyum oru prathyeka lugal-aan yur nagaratthil adhikaarathil vannu, puthiya bharanadhikaariyenna nilayil nagara devanaaya nannayude niyamasadhutha avar abhyarthichu. yurinte rajavenna nilayil yudhathekkurichu purathana babylonian saahithyagrandhangalil paraamarshikkappedunna oru lugal-anaan-naa allengil lugal-anaan-neyumaayi lugal-aan orupakshe saamyamullathaan. chandradevanaya enheduvaanayude mahapurohithiyum bharya thante adhikaaradhaarana sthireekarikkanamennu lugal-aan aavasyappettu. sargonid raajavamshathinte prathinidhiyenna nilayil enn-syudu-anna nirasikkukayum thudarnnu avale offeesil ninnu suspended cheyyukayum nagaratthil ninnu puratthaakkukayum cheythu. shethramaaya iii-esdom-kuu paraamarshikkunnath aval pinneedu jirsu nagaratthil abhayam kandethiyathayi soochippikkunnu. eee pravaasatthil, acadian saamraajyathin vendi edapedaan inanna deviye (avalude raajavamshathinte rakshaadhikaariyaaya istar devathayaayi) prerippikkaan uddeshichulla "niin meeii shra" enna gaanam avar rachichu.
kuranjathu, lugal-aaneyudeyum mattu rajaakkanmaarudeyum kalapam adichamarthunnathil naram-siin rajaavu vijayikkukayum thante bharanathinte sheshikkunna varshangalil acadian kendra adikaaram punasthaapikkukayum cheythu. orupakshe enheduvaana pinneedu oor nagaratthile thante offeesilekku madangiyethiyirikkaam.
puraavastu puraavastu vasthukkal.
1927ll, yuril nadanna khananathinte bhaagamaayi, britiish puraavastu gaveshakanaaya sarr leonard wooley niravadhi kashanangalayi takarnna oru alabaastar disk kandethi, athu pinneedu punarnirmikkappettu. diskinte pinbhagam enneduvanaye annayude bharya akkadinte sargoninte makalumaayi thirichariyunnu. oru nagna purusha roopamaayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunna oru aaradhanayil nilkkunna mahapurohithiye munvashath kaanikkunnu. kendra vyakthiyude "sthaanavum vishadaamshangalilekkulla shradhayum kanakkileduthu", avale enheduvaanna ennu thiricharinjittundena airin vintar parayunnu "avalude perulla rund mudrakal, avalude daasanmaarudethaanu, sargonic kaalaghattatthilethaanu, yoorile gipaaruvil khananam cheythittundu.
enheduvaanayude rund kruthikal, "inaannayude unnamanam", "inannayum ebih" enniva bisi 18,17 noottaandukalile aadyathe babylonian saamraajyathile oru noothana scribble paatyapadhathiyaaya dashakathile saannidhyam kaaranam niravadhi kayyezhuthuprathikalil nilanilkkunnu. karupp muthalaayava. akkaadile thante pithaav sargoninte raajavamshathodulla thudarchayaaya aakarshanam" kaaranam "orupakshe ezhuthu saahithyathil enheduvaana athijeevichirikkaam" ennu soochippikkunnu.
attribute cheytha kruthikal.
nippooril khananam cheytha saahitya kruthikalumaayi diskine mudrakaleyum bandhippicha aadya vyakthi aadam falkenstein aayirunnu, addeham "kshetra sthothrangalum enannaykkulla rund sthothrangalum" inannayude unnamanam ", mattoru" enannaykkulla sthuthi "(aaa samayat ithuvare punarnirmmichittilla) ennivayil ennuduvannayekkurichu paraamarshangal adangiyirikkunnuvennu nireekshichu. ithu enheduvaanayude rachanayude thelivaayirikkaamenn faalkkanstain nirddeshichu, ennaal pilkkaalatthe pazhaya babylonian kaalaghattatthil ninnu maathrame eee sthuthigeethangal ariyappedunnulloovennum eathenkilum nigamanagalil athunnathinu munbu labhicha grandhangal nirmmikkukayum vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheyyendathundennum addeham sammathichu. 1989ll westenholls "inanna, ebih" ennivayum mattu rund sthuthigeethangalum, tuu nanna attu urr, avar ezhuthiyirikkaamennu nirddeshichu. 
kshethrathile sthuthigeethangal.
oor, nippur ennividangalil ninnulla 37 gulikakalil ninnaan eee sthuthigeethangal punarnirmmichirikkunnathu, avayil bhooribhaagavum oor III, pazhaya babylonian kaalaghattatthilaanu. oro sthuthigeethavum sumerian paanthiyonil ninnulla oru prathyeka devan devathayumaayi bandhapetta oru nagaratthinum samarppichirikkunnu, ithu thaddesheeya sumerian mathavum acadian saamraajyathinte semittik mathavum thammil samanvayam srishtikkaan sahaayichittundaakam. ennirunnaalum, oorile pilkkala moonnaamathe raajavamshathil ninnulla devapita rajaavaaya sulgiyude kshethrathe abhisambodhana cheythukondu ezhuthiya 9-aamm sthuthigeethangal polulla eee kavithakalil chilath, kaalakramena eee samaahaarathin kooduthal kavithakal labhichirikkaamenn kaanikkunna, enheduvaanayo acadian saamraajyathile mattaarengilum ezhuthiyittundaavilla.
eee samaahaarathinte aadya engleesh vivarthanam Åke W aayirunnu. rachanayude avasaanathinaduthulla rund varikalude "subscript" allengil colophone paraamarshikkunnath munbathe vaachakathinte rachanaykk avale credit cheiyunnuvennu vaadikkunna sjoberg. ennirunnaalum, bhooribhaagam kayyezhuthuprathikalilum, 42-aamatheyum avasaanatheyum sthuthigeethathinte varii ennunna eee colophone pinthudarunna varii, munbathe rund varikal 42-aamathe sthuthigeethathinte bhaagamaanenn theliyikkunnuvennu karupp kaanikkunnu. black ingane nigamanam cheiyunnu "paramavadhi... (enheduvaana) nte rachanayudeyo edittarshippinteyo avakaashavaadam sweekarikkunnathu samahaarathile avasana sthuthigeethamaaya 42 enna sthuthigeethathin maathramaayi nyaayamaayirikkaam.
inannaykku samarppichirikkunna sthuthigeethangal.
"inannayude unnamanam".
"niin mee saaraa" ("ennamatta ente yajamanathi"; aadunikavum "inaanayude unnamanam"/"inana bii") 154 varikalulla inanna deviyude oru sthuthigeethamaan. closs vilkkinte abhipraayathil, eee vaachakam "sumerian saahitya paarambaryatthil nilanilkkunna ettavum budhimuttullathil pedunnu". niin mee saaraa" yude aadya samboornna pathipp 1968 ll haalo/vaan dijkaanu nirmmichathu. vishalamaaya vaachaka aditharayeyum sameepakaala bhashaaparamaaya gaveshanatheyum vaachaka vimarsanatheyum adisthaanamaakkiyulla adisthaanaparamaayi puthiya pathipp 1997 ll annettu isgol prasidheekarichu, 2014 lum 2021 lum kooduthal mechappeduthalukal varuthi.
eee kruthi lugal-aaneyudeyum enheduvaanayudeyum naadukadatthalinteyum kalaapathe soochippikkunnu. orupakshe jirsuvil pravaasatthil rachicha eee gaanam, enheduvaanaykkum sargonian rajavamshathinum anukoolamaayi samgharshathil edapedaan inanna deviye prerippikkaan uddeshichullathaanu. ithilethaan, eee grandham oru kettukatha kettippadukkunnu daivangalude rajaavaaya aan, inanna deviykku divyashakthikal nalkukayum sumerile ellah nagarangalilum avale vidhinyaayangal nadappilaakkukayum cheiyunnu, avalethanne bhoomiyude bharanadhikaariyum ellah daivangalilum ettavum shakthiyumaakkunnu. ippol avalude bharanathinethire yoor vimatharude nagaram, inanna athil vidhi prasthavikkukayum yoorinteyum avalude pithaavinteyum nagaradevanaaya nanna athu nadappilaakkukayum cheiyunnu. angane inanna swarggathinteyum bhoomiyudeyum yajamanathiyaayi maari-angane yadhaarthathil unnatharaaya daivangalkku (anna, nanna) mukalilum polum avalude ishtam nadappilakkaan adhikaarappeduthi, ithu urinteyum lugal-aaneyudeyum naashathinu kaaranamaakunnu.
"inannaykku sthuthigeethangal".
bhaagikamaayi maathram oru shakala roopathil samrakshikkappedunna eee sthuthigeethathe (insipit "inn-niin zaa-gurr-raara") karuppum mattullavarum rooparekhappeduthunnu. moonnu bhagangal adangiyirikkunnathupole inannayude "ayodhana kazhivukal" oonnipparayunna oru aamukha vibhaagam (varikal 1-90); inannaye nerittu abhisambodhana cheiyunna oru neelamulla, madhyabhagam (varikal 91-218), avalude niravadhi positteev, negatteevu shakthikale pattikappedutthukayum mattu devathakalekkaal avalude shreshtatha urappikkukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe valare shakalaroopathil nilanilkkunna enheduvanna vivarikkunna oru samapana vibhaagam (219-274).
karupp muthalaayava. samapana vibhaagathinte shakala swabhaavam entheduvaan eee sthuthigeethathin rachana nirvahichittundo, samapana vibhaagam pinneedulla kootticherkkalaayirunno, atho pazhaya babylonian kaalaghattatthil "avalkk athu nalkaanulla aagraham" ennathil ninnu avalude peru kavithayil chertthathaano ennu vyakthamallenn anumaanikkuka. vishadeekarikkaan kazhiyaatha chila charitra sambhavangale" samapana vibhaagam paraamarsikkunnathaayum avar shradhikkunnu."inannayilum ebihilum vivarichirikkunna sambhavangalekkurichulla oru saadhyathayulla paraamarshavum eee kavithayil adangiyirikkunnu, ithu aaa kavithaye enheduwana ezhuthiyathaakaamennu soochippikkaan westenholsine prerippichu.
eee kruthiyude aadya engleesh vivarthanam 1975 ll sjoberg aanu cheythath.
"inannayum ebih".
eee sthuthigeethathinte (insipit "inn-niin mee-hoose-eiii") savisheshatha karuppum mattullavarum aanu. inanna" enna reethiyil yodhaakkalude reethiyil."inannaye" "yudhathinte sthree" "(varikal 1-24) enna oru sthuthigeethathil ninnu kavita aarambikkunnu, thudarnnu aadya vyakthiyil (varikal 25-52) innanna thanne oru vivaranathilekku maarunnu, avide avalkk keezhadangan visammathichathin ebih parvathangalodu prathikaram cheyyaan aagrahikkunnathinekkur aval vivarikkunnu". 
inanna pinneedu aakaashadevanaaya aante sahayam abhyarthikkukayum (varikal <aii. dii. 2>), ennaal prathikaram cheyyaanulla annayude kazhivil samshayam (varikal <aii. dii. 1>). ithu inannaye prakopithanaakkukayum ebihine akramikkukayum cheiyunnu (varikal <aii. dii. 1>). thudarnnu inanna, enganeyaanu aval ebihine (varikal <aii. dii. 2>) attimarichathennu vivarikkukayum inannaye (varikal <aii. dii. 1>) prashamsichukondu kavita avasaanikkukayum cheiyunnu.
kavithayil attimarikkapetta ebeehile "vimatha pradeshangal" aadhunika iraakhile jabal hamrin parvathanirakalumaayi thiricharinju. karupp muthalaayava. chilappol" daivika niyanthranathinu keezhil konduvarenda "vinaashathinteyum araajakathvathinteyum sakthikalaayi sumerian saahithyathil valia thothil valarunna naadodikalum kaattaanakalumaaya gothrangalude vaasasthalamaayi eee deshangale visheshippikkuka.
nandaykku samarppichirikkunna sthuthigeethangal.
enn-ship (insippitt" iii ugim iii-eiii ") enna daaranayil ekisnugalinum nannaykkum sthuthigeetam" ennum "enheduvaanayude sthuthigeetam" (insippitt loost) ennum westenholls mudrakuthiya eee rund sthuthigeethakalum. randaamathe sthuthigeethathinte bhagam valare vibhajithamaan.
rachayithrithva charcha.
enheduvaanayude kavithakalude rachayithaavinekkurichulla chodyam kaaryamaaya charchakalkku vidheyamaayittundu. haloy aakke sjobarg aadyamaayi enheduvaannayude kruthikalekkurichu urachuparanjappol, mygual sivil, jeremi black ennivayulppedeyulla mattu asyriologistukal enheduvannayude karthruthvam nirasikkukayo samshayikkukayo cheiyunna vaadangal unnayichittundu. enheduvaana" ennathu perineyalla, pakaram akkaadile sargoninte makal vahichirunna purohithiyude steshanaanu soochippikkunnathennu sivil unnayichittundu.
inanna, nanna kavithakalkk, black thudangiyava. ettavum mikacha reethiyil, kaiyezhuthuprathi srothassukalellaam avar jeevichirunna kuranjathu aarr noottaandukalkku sheshamullathaanennum avaa aachaaraparamaayavayalla, ezhuthu pashchaathalatthilaanennum nilanilkkunna srothassukal pazhaya sumeriyante adayaalangalonnum kaanikkunnillennum vaadikkunnu... aaa oohaathmaka orijinal enganeyaayirikkumennu oohikkunnathu asaadhyamaakkunnu."
eee aashankakalkkidayilum, eee kruthikalude rachayithaav enthaanennu samshayikkaan ippozhum kaaranamillenn haalo parayunnu. haalo, migewell sivil ennathinodu prathikarichukondu, avalkk avakashappetta ellah kruthikaludeyum rachayithaav ippozhum enheduvaanayude rachana nilanirthuka mathramalla, assyriology mothatthil "adhika samshayavaadam" nirasikkukayum "athil ninnu avar edukkunna nigamanangal parimithappeduthunnathinum" mattu pandithanmaar "mesopotemiyayil ninnulla samriddhamaaya vaachaka documentation" pariganikkendathundennu shradhikkukayum cheiyunnu... naagarikathayude ennamatta vashangalude uthbhavavum parinaamavum kandethunnathinulla vilayeriya vibhavam nalkunnu."
samvaadam samgrahichukondu pooll eiii. johns hopkins sarvakalaashaalayile assyriology professoraaya delnero abhipraayappedunnathu "attribution asaadhaaranavum aaa kaalayalavil anjjaathanaaya rachayithaavinte parisheelanathinu virudhavumaanu; charitraparamaaya yaadhaarthyam rekhappeduthunnathinekkaal kooduthal adikaaravum praadhaanyavum eee rachanakal nikshepikkaan ithu theerchayaayum sahayichu" ennaanu.
swaadheenavum paarambaryavum.
feminism enna vishayangalil enheduvaanaykku ganyamaaya shradha labhichittund. oru bbc radio 4 abhimukhathil, assyriologist elanor robson ithu 1970 kalile feminist prasthaanatthinu credit cheiyunnu, sairas echu. yude oru prabhaashanatthil pankedutthitt rund varshathinu sesham. 1976 ll american naravamshashaasthranjayaaya maartha weigle "lokasaahithyathile aadyathe ariyappedunna ezhuthukaaran" enna peril "sthreekal vaakkalulla kalakaaranmaaraayi enheduvaannayude sahodarimaare veendedukkal" enna aamukha lekhanathiloode enheduvanna feminist pandithanmaarude prekshakarkku parichayappedutthi. eee prasidheekaranathinu sesham, "enheduvaannayude feminist imej" ennu robson parayunnu... oru aagraham niravettunna roopathil "sarikkum parannuyarnnu. sthreevaadathinte "pioneer kavayitriyenna nilayil" ennathilupari, bce 18-aamm noottaandil nilanilkkunna kruthikalil ninnulla enheduvaanayude chithram "avalude pithaavinte raashtreeyavum mathaparavumaya upakaranam" enna nilayil avayilonnaanennu robson parayunnu. enheduwan chinthichatho cheythatho aaya kaaryangalilekko" allengil "(enheduwan) ezhuthaan kazhinjathinte thelivukalilekko" namukk praveshanamillennum, ennaal mahapurohithiyum akkadile sargoninte makalumaaya enheduwan orupakshe avarude kaalathe ettavum savisheshathayulla sthreeyaayirikkumennum robson oonnipparayunnu.
aadyakaala vaachaadopa sidhaanthakanaayum enheduwana vishakalanam cheythittundu. kandupiduthathinteyum classical reethikaludeyum "inannayude unnamanathil" robarta binkley thelivukal kandethunnu. binkleyude kruthiyude adisthaanathil haalo, "inanna, inanna, ebih" ennee sthuthigeethangalude kramavum "inannayude unnamanavum" baibil pusthakamaaya amosumaayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu, koodaathe iva randum "mesopotemiyayile vaachaadopathinte jananam" ennathinte thelivukalaayi kanakkakkunnu."