
michev

cracovinu vadakku lesser polandu voyodospishepilulla polandile oru pattanamaan meechov. ithu meechov kaundiyude thalasthaanamaanu. janasamkhya 11,852 (2004) aanu. europian roottaaya e77-ll meechovka nadiyilaanu meechov sthithi cheiyunnathu. pattanatthinte pradesham, cracovine vaarsoyumaayi bandhippikkunna pradhana reyilveyil sthithi cheiyunna oru railway steshanundu.
charithram.
poolish samsthaanathinte aadya varshangalil, meechov pradesham madhyakala gothramaaya visttulaansinte bhaagamaayirunnu. patthaam noottaandinte avasaanathil eee pradesham polandukaar etteduthu. 1163ll graamatthinte udamasthathayilulla griffins housile pomerania jaxayude oru poolish prabhuvu vishudha kallarayude kramatthile sanyaasimaare kshanichappozhaanu meekkovinte thudakkam. meekovinu purame, rajakumaran jaxa mattu rund gramangal utharavinu kaimari.
1170ll krakov gedkayile bishop oru aasramamulla puthiya palliye anugrahichu. eee kramatthinte saannidhyam meechov prayojanappedutthi. eee kudiyettakendram abbiyotoppam vikasikkukayum 1290-ll prins premisle randaaman magdeburg avakaashangale adisthaanamaakki taunn charter nalkukayum cheythu. vaanijya pathakalil soukaryapradamaaya sthaanam undaayirunnittum, niravadhi yudhangalum samghattanangalum kaaranam meechov valare pathukke valarnnu. pathinalam noottaandinte thudakkathil, vladislav lokiyettekkine pinthunacha masovia bolslav rajakumaran eee pattanam kathichu. pattanavum abiyum vimathare pinthunacha vojt albertinte kalaapathinidayilaan eee sambhavam nadannathu. thalphalamaayi, sanyaasimaarkk kurachu varshathekku polandu vidaan nirbandhitharaayi. avar madangiyethiya sesham, jarmmankaare aashramathile madaadhipathiyude sthaanathu ninnu lokkiyetek rajaavu vilakki. pathinanjaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil meekko niravadhi thavana kathikkukayum pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil 70 veedukal undaayirikkukayum cheythu. 1525-ll kristhuvinte shavakudeerathinte chaappal nirmmikkappettappol madam vipuleekarichu. polandinte vividha bhaagangalil ninnulla theerthaadakar ivide varaan thudangi. maarkkat squareil meekovinu oru thadi taunn haal undaayirunnu.
polandinte vibhajanagal.
1790ll meekkovile janasamkhya 1,300 aayirunnu. polandinte vibhajanathinushesham eee pattanam hrasvamaayi habsburg saamraajyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu. 1815 muthal ithu russian niyanthranatthilulla kongras polandinte bhaagamaayirunnu. ithu craco voyodospishile oru kaundiyude aasthaanamaayirunnu, 1816 januvari 16 nuu krakov nagaram thanne russian saamraajyathil ulppedaathathinaal meekko voyodospishante thalasthaanamaayi maari. eathaanum maasangalkk sesham, 1816 august 6 nuu pravishyayude thalasthaanam keelsilekku maatti. 1830-ll varso muthal krakov vareyulla oru aadhunika rooad poortthiyaayi; koodaathe, meechovil cherukida samrambhangal thurannu. januvari kalaapakaalath (februvari. 17, 1863), poolish vimathar pattanam pidichedukkaan shramichenkilum parajayappettu. prathikaaramaayi russian sainikar meechovinu theeyittu, athinusesham avidatthe janasamkhya 50 sathamaanam kuranju. 1885-ll aduthulla oru gramamaaya chaarsnikkayile oru steshan kaaranam dabowa gornixa, keels ennivayumaayi meekovinu oru reyil kanakshan labhichu.
1914 august 8nuu aadyathe cader kambaniyile sainikar keelsilekkulla yaathraamadhye meekkovil praveshichu. 1918 november vare eee pattanam austriyan kaikalilaayirunnu. 1934-ll randaamathe poolish republicinte sarkkar cracovil ninnu tunal vareyulla reyil paatha poortthiyaakki, ithu cracov warzo thammil nerittu bandhippichu. thalphalamaayi, meechovinu oduvil svanthamaayi oru railway steshan labhichu.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
1939 septambar 6 nuu aadyathe vermact unitukal meechovil praveshichu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, eee pattanam general gavanmentinte craco jillayudethaayirunnu. aabhyanthara sainyathinte oru pradhana kendramaayirunnu meechov. adhiniveshathinte thudakkam muthal, jarmmankaar jootha janataye bhayappedutthi, avarude swathukkal kollayadichu, avare thozhil samghangalkkaayi thattikkondupoyi, 1940 eprilil oru ratri veedukalil athikramichu kayari, purushanmaare akramikkukayum sthreekale balaalsangam cheyyukayum cheythu, thudarnnu vishudha grandhangal theeyil kathikkaanum athinu chuttum paadaanum nritham cheyyaanum joothanmaare nirbandhichu. 1941 maarchil, chuttumulla chila gramangalil ninnulla juthanmaarum ulppedunna oru ghettoyilekku joothanmaare nirbandhitharaakki. avarude puthiya vasathikalilekku kondupokaan kazhiyunna karyangal maathrame avarkk kondupokaan kazhiyoo. 1942 augustil 600 rogikaleyum prayamaaya joothanmaareyum slomnikkiyilekku kondupoyi avide bhakshanavum vellavum illaathe divasangalolam thadavilaakkukayum pinneedu chilare sambhavasthalathu vachu vedivachu thuranna kuzhikalil thallukayum cheythu. chilare thozhil cambukalilekku ayachu. mattullavare belsekkilekku ayachu, avide avare udan thanne kolappedutthi. 1942 septambaril jarmman police unitukal ghettoye valayukayum joothanmaare railway steshanu sameepamulla oru vayalilekku nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. sameepa pattanangalil ninnulla joothanmaareyum avidekku kondupoyi. aayirangal othukoodiyathil 800-oolam pere thozhil cambukalilekku ayachu. baakkiyullavare chunnaambu pothinja trainukalilaanu belsekkilekku ayachathu. holocoast samayat polandiludaneelamulla pattanangalilum gramangalilum joothanmaarude vidhiyude savisheshathayaayirunnu eee pravartthanangal. yudhathinte thudakkathil avide thaamasichirunna 2500 peril eathaanum mikko juthanmaar maathrame athijeevichirunnulloo. 
1945 januvari 16nuu jarmmankaar valare vegathil pinvaangukayum nagaram nasippikkappedaathirikkum cheythu. yudhathinushesham, meechoye keels voyivodshippil ninnu craco voyivodshippilekku maatti. prosovis, slomnikki, xij veelki thudangiya pattanangalulla oru valia kaundiyude aasthaanamaayirunnu ithu.
sthalam.
praadeshika prakrithi samrakshana kendrangalil iva ulppedunnu siyej veelkkikk sameepamulla "lipni doll", tunalile "biyaa gora", jaxis graamatthile "slota gora". pazhaya maarkkat squarinu sameepam oru seero kattagari charitra smaarakamund-1163 ll sthaapithamaaya vishudha kallara kramatthile palliyude basilica ashramavum. eee ashramam polandil vishudha kallarayude aaradhana avatharippichu. sent. nasikovisile vitt mithamayathum chandrakala ulla pally prislovisile maathaavinte thadi shethravum sradheyamaanu.
10 adaama mikivicha streettil sthithi cheiyunna jootha sinagog irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilaanu nirmmichathu. ennirunnaalum, polandile jarmman adhiniveshakaalathu sinagog naasikalaal nasippikkappedukayum randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham munisippal swathaayi maarukayum athinte mathaparamaya uddeshyam niravettaathirikkukayum cheythu. nilavil, poornnamaayum punarnirmmicha sinagogil oru janapriya kafeyundu.
pramukha vyakthikal.
oru pradhana praadeshika vyakthithvam, massij oof meechov, poolish navothaana pandithan, doctor oof medisin, canon, jyothishaasthranjan, charithrakaaran, ettu thavana akkadami oof kraakkovinte rectoraayi thiranjedukkappettu. kizhakkan yooroppinte aadyathe krithyamaaya bhoomishaasthraparavum vamsheeyavumaaya vivaranamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna "tractattas dii duabus sarmettis" ("rund sarmattiyakalekkurichulla prabandham") nte rachayithaavaan addeham. meekkovil ninnulla mattu aalukalil immaanuval taneyum undu. poolish nayathanthranjanum niyamanjanumaaya meesislav maneli janichathum valarnnathum meekovilaanu.

