
pluto quiper express

jettu propulsion laborattari (jpl) shaasthranjarum enchineeyarmaarum nirddeshichathum naasa vikasippichukondirikkunnathu oru grahantara bahirakasha probe aayirunnu pluto quiper express. onno athiladhikamo mattu quiper beltt vasthukkal (keey. bii. oo. ezz) upayogichu pluto athinte chandra chaaranineyum padikkaanaanu bahirakasha pedakam vikshepikkaan uddeshichathu. pluto 350 nuu sesham itharathilulla moonnaamathe nirddeshavum plutoilekku oru mariner maarkk II bahirakasha pedakam ayaykkanulla nirddeshavumaayirunnu ithu.
pluto phaast flyby" ennu aadyam karuthiya eee dauthyam pinneedu "pluto express" ennu churukkatthil namakaranam cheyyappettu, 1991 leeii yunaittad stetts poosttal sarvees staambil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda eee dauthyam "ithuvare paryavekshanam cheythitilla" ennu pluto mudrakuthi. eee padhathi jpl enchineeyarmaareyum california instittyoott oof teknolajiyil ninnulla vidyaarthikaleyum pinneedu plaatto 350 padhathiyil ninnulla alan sternineyum mattu shaasthranjareyum konduvannu. 1992ll padhathi aarambhichappol, padhathiyude vikasana ghattam neendathaayirunnu, ekadesham oru pathittaandolam nirddeshathilum dhanasahaya ghattathilum chelavazhichu. aasoothrana samayat, 1990 kalude madhyam muthal avasaanam vare neptuninu purathulla atharam niravadhi vasthukkal kandethiyathin sesham oru quiper beltt object flyby ulppeduthunnathinaayi dauthyathil maattam varuthukayum "pluto quiper express" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu. aathyanthikamayi 2000-ll mission radhaakkaan naasa theerumaanichu, ennirunnaalum padhathiyude vipuleekarana bajattaan raddaakkaanulla aathyanthika kaaranam.
dauthyam raddakia sesham, stern ulppedeyulla "pluto phaast flyby" teamil bhooribhaagavum naasayude puthiya athirthi prograaminaayi "pluto quiper expressinu" samanamaaya oru dauthyamaaya "puthiya chakravaalangal" vikasippichu. nasayumaayulla saambathika samgharshathinum adhika kaalathaamasathinum sesham 2006 januvariyil bahirakasha pedakam vijayakaramaayi vikshepichu, 2015 joolaiyil pluto-chaaron samvidaanathinte aadya flyby nadatthi.
charithram.
1992ll jettu propulsion laborattari (jpl) nirddeshichathupole, pluto phaast flyby dauthyam 150 kilogram (330.7 elby) veetham bharamullah rund kraafttukalaayirikkanam. bhoomiyil ninnu plutoyilekkulla yaathraykk ezho etto varshamedukkum, 1998 ll thanne oru vikshepanathode. rund kappalukalum plutoyude vyathyastha vashangal kaanaan samayabandhithamaakum. douthyathinte bajatt 400 dasalaksham dollaril koodillennu parayappedukayum naasa administrettar daniel goldin eee nirddeshathe poornnahrudayathode pinthunaykkukayum cheythu.
1995 aayappozhekkum nirddishta dauthyam pluto express ennariyappettu, jplinte pree-project maanejar roob steyil "300 dasalaksham dollar" enna oru bajatt nirddeshichu. eee ghattathil dauthyam appozhum eratta bahirakasha pedakamaayirunnirikkum 1998ll vikshepikkappedumennu pratheekshikkukayum cheythu. russian "drope soondu" probukal plutoilekku kondupokunnathinu pakaramaayi bahirakasha pedakam vikshepikkaan prottoon rokkattukal upayogikkunnathinaayi russiayumaayi charcha cheyyaan naasa shramichu. maiks plank instittyoottil ninnu puratthuvanna mattoru ashayam, jupittar gravity asisttinide jarmman probe vahikkunna pluto express aioyil pathikkunnathin pakaramaayi vikshepanathinu jarmmani dhanasahayam nalkumaayirunnu.
douthyathinte samayam pradhanamaayirunnu, kaaranam athinte anthareeksham maravikkunnathin thottumunbu pluto kadannupookumaayirunnu, ithu athinte bhramanapathatthinte ganyamaaya bhaagathekku cheiyumennu karuthappettirunnu. plutoyude uparithalam mapp cheyyukayum eratta samvidaanathinte bhoomishaasthravum geomorphology parisodhikkukayum plutoyude anthareekshathinte ghadana nirnnayikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu douthyathinte pradhana lakshyangal. anthareekshathile maravipp aarambhichathinusesham eee avasana dauthyam valare budhimuttaayirikkum. boardile shaasthreeya upakaranagalil drishyaprakaasha imaging samvidaanangal, infrared, ultraviolet spectrometerukal, oru radio nigooda pareekshanatthil upayogikkunnathinulla ultrastable oosilettar (yuu. ezz. oo) enniva ulppedumaayirunnu.
gelilio", "kasini" dauthyangalil upayogichathinu samanamaaya radioisotope thermal janarettarukal (artgs) upayogichu pravartthikkunna ekadesham 220 kilogram (485 poundu) bharamullah lalithamaaya shadbhujaakrithiyilulla prism aakruthiyilulla gadanayaayirikkanam bahirakasha pedakam. secondil 5 emm. bii. tii. yill daatta prosess cheyyaan kazhivulla 1.5 emm. aii. pii. ezz. risk adisthaanamaakkiyulla computer samvidaanamaanu oonn-board niyanthranavum daatta shekharanavum paripaalikkuka. oru varshathinullil oru jigabaittiladhikam daatta kaimaattam cheyyaan ithu anuvadikkumaayirunnu. wide feeld staar tracker upayogichu dishasoochana cheytha 1.47 meter (5.6 adii) uyaramulla aantina vazhiyaayirikkum ashayavinimayam. douthyathinte aasoothranathinte thudakkathil russian bahirakasha ejansiyumaayulla sramangal samyojippikkaanum plutonian anthareeksham padikkaan soondu probukal ulppeduthaanum nirddeshamundaayirunnu. eee padhathi pinneedu upekshikkappettu.
pluto express 2001ll vikshepikkumennu pravachikkappettirumnum 2004 avasaanathode athu thayyarayilla. bahirakasha pedakam deltta rokkatt vazhiyo bahirakasha pedakam vazhiyo vikshepichittundaaku, mikkavarum 2004 desemberil. athu sambhavichirunnenkil, "columbia" duranthatthinu sesham shuttle kappal nilamparisaakkiyathinaal oru deltta rokkatt upayogikkuka ennathaayirunnu eaka maargam. thudakkathil eee kozhs jupittar vazhiyaayirunnirikkanam, athinte guruthwaakarshana kinner guruthwaakarshana sahaayathiloode probinte vegatha vardhippikkaan upayogikkumaayirunnu. plutoyilekkulla ettavum adutha sameepanam ekadesham 15,000 kilometer (9320.6 mi) aayirikkum, athaayath 17-18 kilometer/secondil (38,027.9-40,264.9 mile/mile), angane 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) resolution mapping anuvadikkunnu. pluto kadannupoya sesham, bahirakasha pedakam athinte imaging camera upayogichu quiper beltt vasthukkalkkaayi thirayumaayirunnu.
2000 septambaril naasa pluto-quiper express douthyathinte pravartthanam nirtthi, ennirunnaalum ithu "punarvichinthanam cheyyukayum punarnirmmikkukayum cheiyunnu" ennu ejansi paranju, athu raddaakkiyilla. akkaalathe douthyathinte chelavu thaangaanaavaatha 500 dasalaksham dollaranennu naasa vakthaav paranju (1999 leeii 350 dasalaksham dollarinte yadhaartha bajattumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol).