bernard-francois, markvis dii chouvalin

francis prabhuvum nayathanthranjanum paarlamenteriyanum liberal parishkarthaavumaayirunnu markvis dii chouvalin ennum ariyappedunna francis-bernard dii chouvalin, markvis dii grosbois (jananam 29 november 1766 paareesil; maranam 9 epril 1832 paareesil).
jeevacharitram.
prashasthamaaya oru kudumbatthinte pingamiyaaya chouvalin thante pithaav francois-claude dii chouvalinte pingamiyaayi "raajaavinte alamaarayude yajamanan" (lui pathinaaraamante aduthu) aayi pravartthikkukayum komte dii rocambuvinte franch paryaveshana senayil pooraadukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kuleena jananam undaayirunnittum, addeham udaaramaaya kazhchappaadukalodeyaanu valarnnathu, angane franch viplavathe pinthunachu.
1792 februvariyil addeham hermini-felician-josephine tavernier dii boulogne dii magnanvilleye vivaham kazhikkukayum sent courtil niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. jaims, talirandinu keezhil "ambaasadarude vasthram" (allengil deputy ambasseder) shailiyil. france austriyayum prussia thammilulla varaanirikkunna yudhathil nishpakshatha palikkaan britiish sarkkaarine prerippikkuka ennathaayirunnu landanile addehathinte punk. 1792 meyy maasathil ethiya chouvelinu aadyam nalla sveekaaryatha labikkukayum britiish nishpakshatha urappakkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1792 august 10 nuu, tuilerikalude kodunkaattinteyum fraansile luis pathinaraman raajaavine adhikaarathil ninnu aupachaarikamaayi suspended cheythathinteyum velichathil, chouvalinte padavi avyakthamaayi-kaaranam addehathinte yogyathapathrangal oru bharanakkaaranallaatha rajaavu purappeduvichirunnu, koodaathe, brittan swantham ambaasadare thirichuvilichu (pakaram addehathe mattiyittilla), athuvazhi audyogika ashayavinimayam avasaanichu. septambaril franch republicinte roopeekaranathethudarnnu, puthiya franch republican sarkkar addehathinte yogyatha udan puthukkippaniyathalla, sent jaims kodathiyil addehathinte audyogika padavi avasaanippichu. thante puthiya amgeekaarapathrangal varunnathuvare fraansinte idakkaala prathinidhiyayi thudarumennu chouvalin avakaashappettengilum (avaa aasannamaanennu addeham vishwasichu), videshakaarya sekrattari vilyam grenavil addehathe franch republicinu vendi audyogikamaayi samsaarikkunnathayi amgeekarikkaan visammathikkukayum thante rekhakalum sandeshangalum thirike nalkukayum cheythu. oduvil 1793 januvariyil franch republicil ninnu chouvelinu thante puthiya amgeekaarapathrangal labikkukayum avaa avatharippikkan britiish rajavinodu abhyarthikkukayum cheythu. ennaal aaa samayam ashubhakaramaayirunnu-luis pathinaaraamane thaledivasam franch kanvenshan vadhashikshaykk vidhichirunnu, kurachu divasangalkku sesham (januvari 21) vadikkappedum. britishukaar yudhathinulla thayyaareduppukal nadathiyathinaal 1793 februvari 1-nakam chouvalin englandu vidaan utharavidappettu.
paareesilekk madangukayum puthiya bharanavumaayi svayam samthruptharaakukayum cheytha sesham, florencile medisinte franch ambaasadaraayi chouvelin niyamikkappettuvenkilum puthiya franch republicine amgeekarikkaan grand dukine bodhyappedutthaan kazhiyaathathinal addehathinte kaalavadhi parajayappettu. chouvalin paareesilekk thirichuvilikkappeduka "terror" samayat oru prathiyaayi jayililadaykkappedukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, thermidorian prathikaranatthinide (1794 juulai 27) robespiyarinte arasttinethudarnnu addeham mochithanaayi.
1800-ll addeham "tribunettilekku" thiranjedukkappedukayum 1804 februvariyil laa lisinte prefectaayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1811ll chouvelin saamraajyathinte oru baaranaayi srishtikkappedukayum samsthaana kaunsilaraayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1812 muthal 1814 vare, speyinile rajaavaayi niyamikkapetta nepolian chakravartthiyude sahodaran joseph bonapartine kaattalans keezhadakkumennu pratheekshichirunna "uddeshicha general" kaattaloniyaasttil addeham bharichu.
1816ll addeham chamber oof deputy aayi thiranjedukkappedukayum maadhyamaswaathanthryathinum thiranjeduppu avakasham vipuleekarikkunnathinum anukoolamaayi samsaarikkukayum cheythu. mikacha prabhaashakanenna khyaathi addeham nedi. paarlamentile idathupaksha, republican, liberal groupile pradhana vyakthikalil oraalaayirunnu addeham. 1827-ll addeham veendum deputy aayi thirichethiyenkilum, pothukaaryangalil addeham kooduthal punk vahichilla, oduvil 1829-ll raajivachu. thudarnnu addeham vaangukayum oru vasathiyayi parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheytha byoonile sittoxinte muun abbiyilekku sthiramaayi pinmari. moonnu varshathinu sesham paareesil vachu addeham collara baadhichu marichu.
chouvalin, "dhii scarlet pimpernal".
baaranas emmuska oorsiyude novalaaya "dhii scarlet pimpernal", athinte thudarbhaagangal ennivayil, parambarayiludaneelam scarlet pimpernalinte pradhana shatru yadhaartha markvis adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru kathaapaathramaaya sittisan chouvalin aanu. yadhaarthavum saangalppikavumaaya chouvalins thammil chila samaanathakalundengilum, chouvalinte currier, vyakthithvam, charithram ennivayekkurichulla oorsiyude chithreekaranam valare valachodikkappettathaan.

