
germmaniyile muun kizhakkan pradeshangal

germmaniyude muun kizhakkan pradeshangal" () innathe germmaniyil germmaniyude nilavile kizhakkan athirthikku kizhakkulla pradeshangale soochippikkunnu.iii. charitraparamaayi jarmman bhashayaayi kanakkakkappettathum randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham europil polandum soviyatt union chernnu pidichedukkappettathu oder-nees vamshavali. eee pradeshangalil palathilum jarmmankaaraayirunnu prabalaraaya allengil eaka vamseeya vibhagangal. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham versiles udambadi vazhi punasthaapikkappetta poolish raashtrathin nalkia bhoomikk vipareethamaayi, 1945 august 2 nuu europil randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham potsdam karar moolam nashtappetta jarmman pradeshangal 1945 nuu munbu jarmman nivaasikal mathramaayirunnu (kizhakkan prashyayude bhooribhaagavum, lover saileshya, vidoora pomerania, padinjaaran pomeraria, lusasia, newmark ennivayude chila bhagangal), jarmman bhooripakshavumaayi (posen-vestt prussia boarder march, lauvanbarg, butho land, kizhakkan prashyayude thekk, padinjaaran riim, ermland, padinjaaran upper saileshya, oodarinte kizhakk lover saileshyayude bhagam), allengil jarmman-check bhooripakshathode (gluts) mishra jarmman-poolish. 1945leeii redu armi munnettathetthudarnnu swamedhayaa palayanam cheyyaatha pradeshangalile muzhuvan jarmman janathayeyum jarmmaniyilekku puratthaakkukayum avarude swathukkal pidichedukkukayum cheythu. 
karsan rekhaykku kizhakkulla cressy bhoomi soviyatt union nashtappettathinu polandinu nashtapariharam nalkunnathinaayi kizhakkan jarmman bhoomi polandinu vittukodukkaan valia bhaagavum cheythu; eee pradeshathu soviyatt unionile rund padinjaaran republicukalile vamseeya grouppukalaaya ukrainiyan, belarasian vamshajarude valia janasamkhya undaayirunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham polandu ettedutha pradeshangal avide veendedutha pradeshangal ennariyappedunnu. polandu pidichadakkiya pradeshangal polandinte bhaagamaayi uyarnna madhyakaalakhattathil piyaast rajavamsham bharichirunnu, thekkukizhakkan prussia ozhike, yadhaarthathil pazhaya prashyakkaar adivasikkukayum madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathil poolish aadhipathyathin keezhil varikayum cheythu. kizhakkan russiayude vadakkan bhagam russian soviyatt federative soshyalist republic kaliningrad oblaast aayi kootticherkkukayum ippol oru russian exclave roopeekarikkukayum cheythu.
1945 augustil randaam lokamahaayudhathile moonnu pradhana sakhyakakshikalaya soviyatt union, yunaittad kingdom, yunaittad stetts ennivayude nethaakkalude potsdam karar prakaram germmaniyum polandum thammilulla yudhaananthara athirthi nirvachikkapettu; 1950 ll staalinte sammarddathethudarnnu kizhakkan jarmmani sgorselech udambadi vazhi ithu audyogikamaayi amgeekarichu. 1952ll, germmaniyude punarekeekaranatthinu sammathikkaanulla soviyatt yooniyante vyavasthakalilonnaanu oder-nees lainine oru sthiramaaya athirthiyaayi amgeekarikkunnathu (staalin nottu kaanuka). eee vaagdaanam padinjaaran jarmman chansalar konraad adenover nirasichu. oder, nees nadikalkku kizhakkulla germmaniyude muun pradeshangalude avasthayekkurichulla annathe audyogika paschima jarmman sarkkaarinte nilapad, potsdam konfaransile athirthi niyanthranam oru anthima samadhana sammelanathil punaparisodhikkenda praadhamika vyavasthakalaayi eduthirunnathinaal, eee pradeshangal "thaalkkaalikamaayi poolish [allengil soviyatt] bharanathin keezhilaayirunnu" ennathaayirunnu, athu sheethayudham kaaranam anischithamaayi maattivachirunnu; ennirunnaalum 1972 ll, padinjaaran germmaniyum padinjaaran germmaniyum thammilulla 1970 leeii varso udambadi praabalyatthil vannappol padinjaaran jarmmani oder-nees lainine polandinte padinjaaran athirthiyaayi amgeekarichu; 1973 ll, federal bharanaghadanaa kodathi kizhakkan germmaniyude athirthikalude niyamaparamaaya nirvachanamaayi bandhippikkunna oru anthaaraashtra kararayi sgorselech udambadi charcha cheyyaanulla kazhivu amgeekarichu. 1975-ll helsinghi anthima niyamathil oppuvachukondu, padinjaaran germmaniyum kizhakkan germmaniyum yudhaananthara yooroppinte nilavilulla athirthikal anthaaraashtra niyamathil saadhuthayullathaayi amgeekarichu.
1990-ll germmaniyude punarekeekaranatthinte bhaagamaayi, iru jarmman raajyangalum sakhyakakshikale prathinidheekarikkunna naalu rajyangalumaayulla samadhana udambadiyile vyavasthakal amgeekarichu (germmaniyumaayi bandhapetta anthima othutheerppinulla udambadi) potsdam kararinu pakaramaayi, jarmmani kizhakkum padinjaarum germmanic purathulla pradeshangalilekkulla ellah avakaashavaadangalum upekshichu. eee udambadiyude falamaayi, 1990 november 14 nuu jarmman-poolish athirthi udambadiyil jarmmani veendum onnicha jarmmani oder-nees lainine athirthiyaayi amgeekarichu, federal republicinu purathulla jarmman samsthaanangalkku munbu avarude praveshana prakhyapanam nadathaamaayirunna federal republic oof germmaniyude adisthaana niyamatthinte article 23 raddaki. 1938ll austriya pidichadakkunnathinu munbu jarmmani 4,68,787 chathurashra kilometer pradeshathu ninnu 3,57,022 chathurashra kilometeraayi maari, 1990ll germmaniyude punarekeekaranatthinu sesham 24 sathamaanam nashtam. muun jarmman pradesham etteduthittum, kizhakkan soviyattukalkk nashtamayathinaal polandinte pradesham mothatthil 20 sathamaanam kuranju.
pradeshangal.
kooduthal pomerania padinjaaran pomeraniayude chila bhaagangalum.
kooduthal pomeraniyayil prussian pravisyayaaya pomeraniayude kizhakkan bhagam ulppedunnu. ithu ekadesham padinjaaru ooder nadhi muthal kizhakk pomereliya vare vyaapichukidakkunnu, ithu innathe poolish vestt pomeranian voyodospishumaayi ekadesham yojikkunnu. kooduthal pomeraniyaykkoppam, stettin (ippol ssessin), swinemande (ippol shwinaujsi) ennivayulppede padinjaaran pomeraniayude oru cheria pradesham 1945 ll polandilekku maatti.
germmaniyile muun kizhakkan pradeshangalile pomeranian bhagangal patthaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal niravadhi thavana poolish bharanathin keezhilaayirunnu, misco onnaaman avayude ganyamaaya bhaagangalenkilum nediyappol. miscoyude makan boleslo onnaaman, polandinu veendum purajaatheeya slavik gothrangalkk eee pradesham nashtamaakunnathin munbu, 1000-1005-07 leeii collobressg pradeshathu oru bishopership sthaapichu.
1121ll polandile oru saamantharaajyamaayi sthaapithamaaya duchy oof pomerania, 1138ll poolish bharanadhikaariyaaya boleslo moonnaaman remouthinte maranashesham polandinte vighadanam vare nilaninnu. pomeraniayile prabhukkanmaar pinneedu swathanthraraayi, pinneedu 1764 muthal 1181 vare saxonyude duchy, 1181 muthal 1185 vare vishudha roman saamraajyathinte, 1185 muthal 1227 vare denmaarkkinte, oduvil 1227 muthal vishudha roman saamraajyathinte keezhilaayirunnu (brandenbergile maargravukalude saamanta kaalaghattangal ulppede). madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathode, jarmman kudiyettakkaarude varavu, slavik janasamkhyayude swaamsheekaranam, jarmman taunn niyamam avatharippikkal, jarmman aachaarangalude swaadheenam, haansinte vyapaaram enniva kaaranam eee pradesham pradhaanamaayum jarmmanvalkkarikkappettu.
1648-leeii westfaaliya samaadhaanathethudarnnu, kooduthal pomerania brandenberg-russiayude bhaagamaayi. 1772-ll louenberg, butto bhoomi, draheyimile muun staarost tuu enniva prashyayile rajaavu pidichedukkukayum vishudha roman saamraajyathil ulppedaathe russian raajyathile pomerania pravisyayil samyojippikkukayum cheythu. 1815-ll jarmman konfedareshanil ulppeduthunnathuvare germmaniyude bhaagamaayi mariyittilla. nepolian yudhangalkku sesham, sweedish pomerania 1815-ll prussian pravisyayil layippichu, iva randum ippol pomerania pravisyayaanu. 1938ll, pirichuvitta grensmark posen-vestt prashyayude vadakkan bhagam pravishyayude bhaagamaayi.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, ekadesham 17 laksham nivaasikalulla pravishyayile motham janasamkhyayil poolish samsaarikkunna nyoonapakshamaaya oru sathamaanathil thaazheyaayirunnu.
eest brandenberg (newmark).
lubus (lebus) ulppede ooder nadiyude iruvashathumulla madhyakala lubus bhoomiyum padinjaaru vare meeskoyude saamraajyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu. 1249ll saileshyan duke boleslav randaaman rogatka brandenbergile ascanian maargrevukalkku vittappol polandinu lubus nashtappettu. grettar polandile duke presemislil ninnu brandenberg saantokkinte castellani ettedukkukayum athine athinte newmark ("puthiya march") mekhalayude kendramaakki maattukayum cheythu. 1424ll magdeburg aarch bishappinte adikaaraparidhiyil kadannupokunnathuvare lebasinte bishoper ginisno athiroopathayude oru vottarpattikayaayi thudarnnu. 1373 muthal 1415 vare bohemian kireedatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu lubus bhoomi.
saileshya, claudsco land, kizhakkan lusasia.
kudiyetta kaalaghattatthil jarmman gothrangal eee pradesham vittathinushesham, lekkittik gothrangal saileshyayil sthirathaamasamaakkaan thudangi, athesamayam lusashyayil milsenia polabian slaavukalum sthirathaamasamaakki, claudsco bhoomiyil boheemiyakkaarum sthirathaamasamaakki. patthaam noottaandil polandile missco onnaaman saileshya thante saamraajyathinte bhagamaakki. patthaam noottaand muthal panthrandaam noottaand vare, saileshya, lusasia, claudsco bhoomi enniva bohemia polandum thammil malsarichirunnu. niravadhi swatantra duchikal roopeekarikkukayum oduvil chilar vishudha roman saamraajyathinte votermaaraaya bohemia rajyavumaayi svayam bandhappedukayum claudsco bhoomi raajyathinte thanne oru ghadaka bhaagamaayi maarukayum cheythu. pathinalam noottaandil, namislov udambadi prakaram kasimir moonnaaman rajaavu silesiyayodulla ellah poolish avakaashavaadangalum upekshikkukayum silesiyayile duchikal bohemian kireedatthinte bhoomikk kaimarukayum cheythu. sabhaaparamaayi, silesia ulkkollunna vroclo roopatha 1821-ll ozhivaakkappedunnathuvare poolish athiroopathayaaya gneesnoyude oru vottarpadaviyaayi thudarnnu.
panthrandaam noottaandinte avasaanathil aadyathe jarmman kolanikkaar ethi, 13-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil henry onnaamante bharanakaalathu valia thothilulla jarmman kudiyettam aarambhichu. jarmman kudiyettakkaar konduvanna puthiya kaarshika, saankethikavidya, niyamam enniva eee mekhalayil veroonnukayum slavik janathaykku gunam cheyyukayum cheythu. pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathode 130 pattanangalum 1300 graamangalum jarmman niyamam sweekarichu. jelenia gora (hirshberg), lvovec slasky (lovenberg), slotorija (goldberg) thudangiya saileshyan nagarangalkk saadhaarana vaasthuvidyayundaayirunnu, avaa polishil "reneck" ennariyappettirunna oru madhya chathuratthe kendreekarichaayirunnu. jarmman karakaushalathozhilaalikalum khanithozhilaalikalum eee mekhalayile parvathapradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakkaan thudangi.
1526-ll mohakkukalude yuddham vare bohemian rajyangal hungery rajyavumaayulla vyakthiparamaaya aikyathil jagiyallon kudumbatthinte bharanathin keezhilaayirunnu. athinusesham, avaa hunkery rajyavumaayum austriyayude archduchiyumaayum vyakthiparamaaya aikyathil habsburg bhavanathile vishudha roman chakravarthimaar bharichu, oduvil oru prathyeka rajyamaayi nilanilkkunnath "dii facto" (pakshe "dii juur" allah) avasanippikkukayum velutha parvatha yudhathil bohemian kalapam paraajayappettathinetthudar habsburg raajavaazhchayude bhagamaakukayum cheythu. pathinettaam noottaandile saileshyan yudhangalil parajayappettathinushesham, breslau, berlin udambadikalil eee pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagavum prussia raajyathin vittukodukkaan habsburg rajavaazhcha nirbandhithamaayi, austriyan saileshya maathram nilanirtthi. vittukodutha bhoomiyil tropeau, opaava nadiyude vadakkulla kronov ennivayude dachisukalude (chilappol moravian ennu kanakkaakkappedunnu) pradeshangalum bohemia raajyathinte pradhana pradeshatthinte bhagamaaya thanthrapradhaanamaaya claudsco bhoomiyum ulppedunnu.
jarmman samsaarikkunnavarude samadhaanaparamaaya varavinte falamaayi lusasia, saileshya, claudsco ennee rajyangal pradhaanamaayum jarmman samsaarikkunna rajyangalaayi maari. austriyan saileshyayude chila bhagangalilum upper saileshyayile hlusin mekhalayilum claudsco laandinte padinjaaran bhaagathum (check corner) check bhasha thudarnnu. lusasiayude chila bhaagangalil sorbian bhasha samsaarikkappettirunnu, athesamayam ooder nadiyude vadakku madhya saileshyayilum austriyan saileshyayude chila bhagangalilum upper saileshyayilum poolish bhasha prabalamaayirunnu. pinneedulla saahacharyathil, madhyakaalakhattathil ethiya jarmmankaar kooduthalum polyonised aayi, prathyekichu thozhilavasarangalum bisinesses avasarangalum srishtichu niravadhi dhruvangale eee pradeshathekku aakarshicha vyaavasaayika viplavathinte varavode. 19-aamm noottaandinte avasaanam vare "poolish vasham" ennu saadhaaranayaayi visheshippikkappedunna thaazhnna, madhya saileshyayile poolish samsaarikkunna bhagangal, vadakkukizhakkan athirthiyile kurachu paachukalum oru valia pradeshavum ozhike, 18,19 noottaandukalil kooduthalum jarmmanvalkkarikkappettu.
vormia ulppede kizhakkan prussia clipeda mekhalayum.
pradhaanamaayum purajaatheeyaraaya pazhaya prashyakkaar adhivasichirunna eee pradeshangal 13,14 noottaandukalil keezhadakkukayum tutonic naitsinte avasthayil ulppeduthukayum cheythu. tutonic kramatthil, mekhalayile pattanangal sthaapikkappettu, vanapradeshangal vrithiyaakkukayum pradhaanamaayum jarmman samsaarikkunna pradeshangalil ninnullathum ayalrajyangalaaya poolish, lithwanian pradeshangalil ninnullathumaaya colonicarc chathuppunilangal krishi cheyyavunnathaakkukayum cheythu. osteedlang kaalaghattatthil eee pradesham pradhaanamaayum jarmman aayi maari, onnukil eathaandu prathyekamaayi (sambia, naattanjiya, bartia enniva eee pradeshatthinte madhyabhagam roopeekarikkunnu), mishra jarmman-lithwanian (sudovia, nadrovia, scalovia ennivayulppede litwania minor ennu vilikkunna vadakkukizhakkan bhagam), allengil thekkan (sasna, galindia enniva orumichu masuria roopappeduthunnu), padinjaaran (vormia, pomesania, pogezania, randaamathethu orumichu povisle) riim roopeekarikkunnu. randaam samaadhaanathode (1466), warmia malbork land (pomesaniayudeyum pogesaniayudeyum vadakkan bhagangal ulkkollunna) royal prashyayude bhaagamaayi poolish kireedatthinu vidheyamaayi, thudakkathil ganyamaaya svayambharanaavakaasham kaivashamullathum jarmman bhasha audyogikamaayi upayogikkunnathu thudarunnathumaaya oru pradesham, ennaal aathyanthikamayi lublin union avasaanichathode polandinte kireedavumaayi poornnamaayum samyojippikkappettu. masuria pomesaniayudeyum pogesaniayudeyum thekkan bhaagavum rump tutonic samsthaanathinte bhaagamaayi thudarnnu (athinusesham "monastik prussia" allengil "tutonic prussia" ennu vilikkapettu) ithu poolish-lithwanian komanveltthinte oru jarmman saamraajyamaayi maari, oduvil 1525-ll mathetharavalkkarikkappedum ducal prashyayaayi maarukayum cheythu. randaamathethu pinneedu russian-sweedish pralayam muthaleduthu mochippikkukayum brandenbergile vottarmaarumaayi layippichu brandenberg-russia roopeekarikkukayum taamasiyaathe oru rajyamaayi maarukayum cheythu. thudarnnu, polandinte aadya vibhajanathil (1772) rajakeeya prashyayude poolish pradeshangal aakramich, 1773-ll vormia puthuthayi roopeekaricha kizhakkan prussia pravishyayude bhaagamaakkiyathode, versiles udambadiyude falamaayi, soldoic chuttumulla oru cheria bhagam polandilekku maatti, clipeda mekhala leag oof neshansinte melnottatthil oru swatantra nagaram roopeekarichu, lithwaniayude clipeda kalaapathethudarnn kootticherkkappettu, ennaal 1938-ll jarmmani veendeduthu, athesamayam kizhakkan prussian hitaparisodhanayethudarnnu (muzhuvan vormia masuria ulppede) germmaniyude bhaagamaayi thudarnnu, munbu padinjaaran russian malbork bhoomi cherthukondu vipuleekarikkappettu.
eee padatthinte mattu upayogangalum nirvachanangalum.
potsdam karaaril kaimaattam cheyyappetta pradeshangalude vivaranam "oder-nees line kizhakkulla muun jarmman pradeshangal" aanu, eee vivaranathile krameekaranangalaanu oder-nees line kizhakkulla germmaniyile muun pradeshangale vivarikkan ettavum saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnathu.
jarmman demookratik republicinte (gdr) pothu engleesh naamamaya eest jarmmani enna rashtreeya padavumaayi eee padam chilappol thettidharikkappedukayum mattu jarmman samsthaanamaaya padinjaaran germmaniyude pothu engleesh padatthe prathifalippikkukayum cheiyunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbulla kaalaghattatthil shradha kendreekarikkumbol, saamoohikashaasthranjanaaya maiks vebarinteyum rashtreeya saidhaanthikanaaya kaal shmittinteyum kruthikalil prathifalikkunnathupole elby (kizhakkan elbia) yude kizhakkulla ellah pradeshangaleyum vivarikkan "kizhakkan jarmmani" upayogikkunnu, ennaal irupathaam noottaandile athirthi mattangal kaaranam, randaam lokamahaayudhathinu sesham "kizhakkan jarmmani" enna padavum engleeshil kizhakkan jarmmani "enna padavum jarmman janaadhipathya republicinte pradeshathe ardhamaakkunnu.
jarmman bhashayil, kizhakkan germmaniyum kizhakkan germmaniyum ennartham varunna "austdutioshland" enna oru anubandha padam maathrame nilavilulloo. engleesh padanaamam allengil "oassi" (eestti) enna padanaamam pole, avyakthamaaya jarmman padam athinte nilanilppil orikkalum gdrnu vyapakamaaya upayogam nediyilla, jarmman punarekeekaranathetthudarnnu maathrame ithu saadhaaranayaayi yudhaananthara charitraparamaaya jarmman janaadhipathya republicineyum nilavile punarekeekaricha germmaniyile athinte prathiroopamaaya anchu pingamikalaaya samsthaanangaleyum soochippikkaan upayogikkaan thudangiyittulloo. ennirunnaalum, moonnu thekkan puthiya samsthaanangalaaya saxony-unhault, swatantra samsthaanamaaya saxony, swatantra samsthaanamaaya turingia enniva pole samsthaanangalile janangalum sthaapanangalum parambaraagathamaayi madhya germmaniyaayi kanakkakkappedunnathinaal, avarude pradeshatheyum athinte sthaapanangaleyum paraamarshikkumbol ippozhum madhya jarmmani enna padam upayogikkunnu, "austdutioshland" enna padam ippozhum avyakthamaanu.
charitraparamaaya rooparekha.
aadyakaala charithram, polandile raajyam, tutonic oordar stettu, bohemian kireedatthinte bhoomi, vishudha roman saamrajyam.
vividha jarmman gothrangal innathe polandum kizhakkan germmaniyum vittappol, aaram noottaand muthal padinjaaran slavik gothrangal eee sthalangalilekku maari. patthaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil, polandile duke missco onnaaman, ginesno pradeshathe thante shakthikendrathil ninnu, vividha ayal gothrangale onnippikkukayum aadyathe poolish samsthaanam roopeekarikkukayum charitraparamaayi rekhappeduthappetta aadyathe piyaast ducayi maarukayum cheythu. addehathinte raajyam jarmman samsthaanavumaayi athirthi pankidukayum athirthi pradeshangalude niyanthranam varum noottaandukalil rund raashtreeyangalkkidayil angotum ingottum maarukayum cheyyum.
miscoyude makan pingaamiyumaaya rajaavaaya boleslav onnaaman crobry 1018-ll bowtsen samadhaanam raajyathinte thekkan bhagam vyaapippichuvenkilum baltic theerathe padinjaaran pomeraniayude bhoomiyude niyanthranam nashtappettu. 1030-kalil purajaatheeya kalapangalkkum bohemian adhiniveshathinum sesham, duke kasimir onnaaman (bharanam 1040-1058) veendum muun piyaast saamraajyathinte bhooribhaagatheyum onnippichu, madhya oodar nadiyude iruvashathum saileshya, lubus land ennivayulppede, ennaal padinjaaran pomerania illaathe, ithu 1116 muthal 1121 vare boleslo III remouthinte keezhil maathram poolish samsthaanathekku madangi, griffinmaarude kuleena bhavanam pomeraniayude duchy sthaapichu. 1138-ll boleslaavinte maranashesham, polandu ekadesham 200 varshatholam vighadippikkappedukayum boleslaavinte puthranmarum avarude pingaamikalum bharikkukayum cheythu, avar palappozhum parasparam ettumuttalukalilaayirunnu. 1320ll polandile rajaavaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyappetta vladislo onnaaman bhagika punarekeekaranam nediyengilum saileshyan, masovian duchikal swatantra piyaast holdingukalaayi thudarnnu.
12 muthal 14 vare noottaandukalil, jarmman kudiyettakkaaril bhooribhaagavum kuranja jarmman samsaarikkunnavaraayirunnu, "austeedlang" ennariyappedunna kudiyetta prakriyayiloode madhya, kizhakkan europilekku thamasam maari, hansiatic leag baltic kadalinte theerangalil aadhipathyam pulartthi. pomerania, brandenberg, kizhakkan prussia, lusasia, claudsco land, lover saileshya ennividangalil muun vestt slaav (bohemian, polabian slaav, dhruvangal) allengil baltic janasamkhya thudarnnulla noottaandukalil nyoonapakshangalaayi maariyengilum avaril ganyamaaya ennam upper saileshya polulla pradeshangalil thudarnnu. grettar polandilum kizhakkan pomeraniayilum (pomereliya) jarmman kudiyettakkaar ellaayppozhum nyoonapakshamaayi thudarnnu. pomereliya, masovia thudangiya chila pradeshangal 15,16 noottaandukalil polandumaayi veendum onnichu. saileshya, lubus land, lusasia (bohemian kireedatthinte bhagangalaayi), duchy oof pomerania enniva vishudha roman saamraajyathil kooduthal shakthamayi samyojippikkappettu.
polandile vibhajanagal, prussia raajyam, duchy oof varso, austriyan saamrajyam, grand duchy oof posen, jarmman konfedareshan.
poolish-lithwanian komanveltthinte vibhajanathinte samayat, prussia raajyavum austriyan saamrajyavum polichuponna poolish-lithwanian komanveltthinte vishalamaaya pradeshika vihitam nedi. nepolian kaalaghattatthil valia poolish pradeshangalum chelmo land tilsit udambadikalethudarnnu dachiyude bhagamaaya warzoyude bhaagamaayirunnu, dansiginu oru swatantra nagaratthinte padavi nalkappettu. ennirunnaalum, vienna kongrassinu sesham poolish duchy veendum russiaykkum prashyaykkum idayil vibhajikkapettu. austriyan saamraajyathinte naamamaathramaaya neethrthwathil madhya europile 39 jarmman samsaarikkunna samsthaanangalude oru samghadanayaaya jarmman konfedareshan (jarmman dusher bund) enna pirichuvidappetta vishudha roman saamraajyathin pakaramaayi vienna kongras sthaapichu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte bhooribhaagavum germmaniyude pradeshathe nirvachikkukayum pomerania, eest brandenberg, saileshya enniva athinte bhagangalaayi sthireekarikkukayum cheytha athinte athirthikal pradhaanamaayum athinte mungamiyaaya vishudha roman saamraajyathe pinthudarnnu. maruvashathu, vishudha roman saamraajyathil ulppeduthiyittillaathi hohansolarn house bharikkunna bhoomiyude sheshikkunna bhagangal, athaayath jarmman samsaarikkunna prussian nucleus (kizhakkan prussia), thakarnnathum vighadichathumaaya poolish-lithwanian komanveltthinte (posen, vestt prussia ennivayude grand duchy) puthuthayi nediya pradhaanamaayum poolish allengil kashubian samsaarikkunna praadeshika vihitam, konfedareshanu purathaayi thudarnnu (eee bhoomikale jarmman saamraajyathil ulppeduthaanulla oru parajayappetta sramam frankfurt paarlament etteduthirunnu), pole polandinte (galeeshya, lodomeria raajyam) austriyan niyanthranatthilulla vibhajanam, transleethania, swittsarlandileyum franch mekhalayileyum jarmman samsaarikkunna kantonukalum.
vadakkan jarmman konfedareshan, jarmman saamrajyam, austriya-hunkery.
thudarnnulla varshangalil, jarmman aikyam punasthaapikkunnathinulla praadhamika prerakashakthiyude punk vahichukondu prussia austriyaye marikadakkukayum pragg samadhaanathil jarmman konfedareshane nirthalaakkikkondu eee sthaanam urappikkukayum cheythu. jarmman ekeekarana sramangalil ninnu vittunilkkukayum nirbandhitha jarmanvalkkaranam upekshikkukayum cheytha austriya pinneedu poolii-ethnik austriya-hangariyaayi parivartthanam cheyyappettu.
angane, aasootritha jarmman ekeekaranam kuranja jarmman parihara pathippil poortthiyaakkendathaayirunnu. desheeyathayude uyarchayode, pradhaanamaayum poolish janasamkhyayulla kizhakkan hohensolarn bharikkunna pradeshangal (prathyekichu munbu poolish pradesangalaaya posen, padinjaaran prussia) aakramanathmaka jarmmanvalkkarana sramangal, jarmman kudiyettam, catholica virudha prachaaranangal (kulturkampf), athupole thanne vottavakaasham illaathaakkal, dhruvangal pidichedukkal ennivayude lakshyamaayi maari, oduvil vadakkan jarmman konfedareshan udambadiye (1866) pinthudarnnu kootticherkkappettu. 1871-ll jarmman ekeekarana samayat, puthuthayi roopeekaricha jarmman saamraajyathinte mungamiyaaya vadakkan jarmman konfedareshante ettavum valuthum prabalavumaaya bhaagamaayirunnu prussia raajyam.
weimer republic, randaamathe poolish republic, aadyathe checoslovac republic, swatantra nagaramaya dancig, clipeda mekhala.
yuddham avasaanippicha 1919 leeii vezhsaay udambadi, randaam poolish republic ennariyappedunna polandinte swaathanthryam punasthaapikkukayum, polandinte moonnu vibhajanagalil prussia pidicheduttha pradeshangal avaykku vittukodukkaan jarmmani nirbandhitharaavukayum cheythu, avayil bhooribhaagavum prussia raajyathinteyum pinneedu 100 varshatholam poolish raashtrathinte abhaavathinte bhaagamaayirunnu. 1919ll polandilekku thirichethiya pradeshangal, grettar polandu, athupole thanne charitraparamaayi polandinte bhagamaaya pomereliya enniva pole poolish bhooripakshamulla pradeshangalaayirunnu. pomereliya polandilekku punasthaapikkappettath ardhamaakkunnathu kizhakkan prashyayumaayulla germmaniyude praadeshika saameepyam nashtappedunnathiloodeyaanu athine oru exclavayi maattunnath.
pradhaanamaayum allengil eathaandu maathramaayi jarmman janasamkhyayulla kizhakkan pradeshangalil bhooribhaagavum (kizhakkan brandenberg, kizhakkan prussia, ivideyum dooreyumullah pomerania, saileshyayude bhooribhaagavum) germmaniyil thudarnnu. charitraparamaayi poolish, polandine sambandhichidatholam thanthrapradhaanavum ennaal pradhaanamaayum jarmman samsaarikkunna nagaramaya dancig athinte chuttupaadukalulla pradesangalumaayi chernnu leag oof neshansinte melnottatthilulla oru svayambharana pradeshamaaya swatantra nagaramaya dancig roopeekarichu, chila vashangalil polandumaayulla adichelppicha union vazhi bandhikkappettirikkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, upper saileshya polulla pradeshangalil, kooduthalum dwibhasha janasamkhya thammil vyakthamaaya vibhajanam saadhyamaayirunnilla. aadyathe hitaparisodhanaykku sesham upper saileshya germmaniyude pradeshatthinte bhaagamaayi thudarendathaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, saileshyan kalaapangalkk sesham, upper sileshyayekkurichulla jarmman-poolish kanvenshanu anusrithamaayi eee pradesham vibhajikkapettu.
randaam poolish republicinte bhaagamaayi punasthaapikkappedaathu muun pravisyayaaya posen, padinjaaran prussia ennivayude bhagangal 1939 vare grensmark posen-vestt prusen (jarmman pravisyayaaya posen-vestt prooshya) aayi bharichirunnu.
naasi jarmmani.
germmaniyude parajayavum adichelppicha samadhana nibandhanakalum janangalkkidayil aneeti bodham srishtichu. thudarnnulla yudhaanthar saambathika prathisandhi, polandu, checoslovakia, litwania ennivaykku vittukodutha pradesham germmanic thirike nalkanamenna abhedyavaada avakaashavaadangalkku phalabhooyishtamaaya oru aditharayaayi pravarthichu, ithu naasi sarkkar ettedukkunnathinu vazhiyorukki.
versiles udambadi prakaram checoslovakiaykku vittukodutha moravian-saileshyan mekhalayile 1938 octoberil (chekkil "hlusinsko", jarmmanil "hultshiner landchen") munichu karar prakaram checoslovakiaykku nashtappetta pradeshangalude bhaagamaayi moonnaamathe reach pidichadakki. ennirunnaalum, nashtappetta mattu checoslovakian domainukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, ithu sudetengaavumaayi (sudettanlaand ulkkollunna bharana pradesham) allah, marichu prashyayumaayi (upper saileshya) bandhappettirunnu.
1938 avasaanathode, clipeda pushsil litwania pidichadakkiya memel pradeshathe sthithigathikal lithwaniayk nashtappettu. 1939 march 23 nuu pularche, oru rashtreeya anthima munnariyippiloode oru lithwanian prathinidhi samgham berlinilekk pookaan kaaranamaayathinethudarnnu, lithwanian videshakaarya mantri jusas arbisiyum jarmman videshakaarya mantri jokim voonn ribbentrop muun varshangalil sthaapicha soukaryangal upayogicha memal thuramukhathu oru lithwanian free soninu pakaramaayi "memal pradesham germmanic kaimarunnathinulla udambadiyil" oppuvachu.
yudhakaalakhattathil, jarmman bharanakoodam, weimer nassiyum, poolish, lithwanian, pazhaya prussian uthbhavathinte adayaalangal neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi aayirakkanakkin sthalanaamangalude punarnaamakaranam nadathunnathinaayi oru valia pracharanam nadatthi.
randaam lokamahaayudhavum polandile jarmman adhinivesavum, 1939-1945.
1939 septambar 1 nuu jarmmani yuddham prakhyaapikkathe polandine akramikkukayum randaam lokamahaayudhathinte arambham prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. moonnaamathe raich pidichadakkiya poolish bhoomiyil pomerelia ("poolish idanaazhi"), chelamno land, grettar polandu raippar, kuwawia, lessica land, searads land, vadakkan masovia, athupole polandil sthithicheyyunna upper saileshyayude bhagangal, 1938 ll polandu pidichadakkiya seysin saileshyayude muun checoslovac bhagam ulppede, polandil sthithicheyyunna bhagangal enniva ulppedunnu. volkstaag thiranjeduttha swatantra nagaramaya daansiginte senatt, akkaalat naasi party aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunnappol thanne veendum germmaniyude bhagamaakaan vottu cheythu, ennaal dhruvangalum juthanmaarum avarude vottavakaasham nishedhikkukayum ellah naasi ithara rashtreeya paarttikalum nirodhikkukayum cheythu.
adolph hitlarude (1939 october 8,12) rund utharavukal polandile pidichadakkiya pradeshangale bharanaparamaya unitukalaayi vibhajichu
eee pradeshangalude vistheernnam 94,000 chathurashra kilometerum janasamkhya <aii. dii. 1> umm aayirunnu. yudhathiludaneelam, kootticherttha poolish pradeshangal jarmman kolanivalkkaranathinu vidheyamaayirunnu. germmaniyil ninnulla kudiyettakkaarude abhavam kaaranam, kizhakkan yooroppinte mattu bhaagangalil ninnu kudiyeriya vamseeya jarmmankaaraayirunnu kolanikkaar. vamseeya jarmmankaare thudarnnu thoonukal purathaakkiya veedukalil punaradhivasippichu.
poolish pradeshatthinte backie bhagam soviyatt union pidichedukkukayo (molotov-rebentrope udambadi kaanuka) jarmman niyantritha pothu sarkkar adhinivesha mekhalayaakkukayo cheythu.
1941 juunil soviyatt unionethiraaya jarmman aakramanathinu sesham, bialistokku, bealsk podlasky, grejo, lomsa, sokolka, volcovisk, grodno kaundikal ulppedunna bialistokku jilla kizhakkan prashyayumaayi "bandhippichirunnuvenku ulppeduthiyitla, koodaathe lvo, staanislaavo, tarnopol ennee nagarangal ulppedunna kizhakkan galeeshya (galeeshya jilla) yeei pothu sarkkaarinte bhaagamaayi.
yalta konfarans.
yuddham avasaanikkunnathin thottumunbu 1945 februvariyil nadanna yalta konfaransil america yunaittad kingdow soviyatt union chernnaanu polandinte athirthi padinjarottu neekkaanulla anthima theerumaanam eduthathu. athirthiyude krithyamaaya sthaanam thurannuvekkukayum padinjaaran sakhyakakshikal polandinte bhaaviyile padinjaaran athirthiyaaya ooder nadiyude thathwangalum bhaaviyile athirthi tharkkangal thadayunnathinulla margamaaya janasamkhyaa kaimattavum pothuve amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. athirthi kizhakkan allengil lusasian nees nadikale pinthudarumo ennum berlin parambaraagatha thuramukhamaaya stettin germmaniyil thudaranamo atho polandil ulppeduthanamo ennumaayirunnu thuranna chodyangal.
thudakkathil, jarmmani stettine nilanirthukayum dhruvangal kizhakkan prussia konigsburgumaayi kootticherkkukayum cheiyukayaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, oduvil, soviyatt naavikasenayude varsham muzhuvanum chooduvella thuramukhamaayi conigsburg venamennu staalin theerumaanikkukayum pakaram dhruvangalkk stettin labhikkanamenn vaadikkukayum cheythu. yudhakaalathe pooll sarkkar-inn-excile theerumaanangalil kaaryamayonnum paranjilla.
yudhaanantharam germmany naalu adhinivesha mekhalakalaayi vibhajikkaan yalta sammelanam sammathichu. polandinte avastha charcha cheyyappettuvenkilum polandu pinneedu chuvanna sainyathinte niyanthranathilaayathinaal ithu sankeernamaayirunnu. naadukadatthappetta poolish gavanmentile chila raashtreeyakkaare ulppeduthi redu armi sthaapicha thaalkkaalika poolish gavanmentine punasamghadippikkaanum janadhipathyaparavum neethiyukthavumaaya thiranjeduppu nadathumenna poorttheekarikkappedaathu vaagdaanathode deseeya aikyathinte thaalkkaalika gavanmentaayi mattaanum sammelanam sammathichu. 1939ll ozhippikkappetta pooll sarkkaarinte anthardesheeya amgeekaaram phalapradamaayi avasaanippichathode pools kizhakkan athirthi karsan line pinthudarumennum padinjaaru polandinu germmaniyil ninnu ganyamaaya praadeshika nashtapariharam labhikkumennum sammelanam sammathichu, ennaal krithyamaaya athirthi pinneedu nirnnayikkendathaayirunnu. germmany aarr rajyangalaayi vibhajikkanamo vendayo ennum anganeyaanengil puthiya jarmman raajyangalkk enthu athirthikalum paraspara bandhangalumundaakumennum theerumaanikkaan "germmaniyude vighadana samiti" roopeekarikkendathaayirunnu.
tehranteyum yaltayudeyum vaakkalulla prathibadhathakalekkurichu paashchaathya sakhyakakshikale sammarddathilaakkaan, soviyattukal oder-nees line kizhakkulla pradeshangal poolish niyanthranathilekku maattaan thudangi, ennirunnaalum eee pradeshangal ippozhum germmaniyile soviyatt adhinivesha mekhalayude bhaagamaayirunnu. eee pradeshangalil oru ekapaksheeyamaaya poolish sarkkar nadappaakkiyathil us sarkkar shakthamayi prathishedhichu.
potsdam karar, 1945.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, polandinu ithrayum vipulamaaya bhoomi nalkunnathinethire us stettu departmentinte niravadhi memoraandukal munnariyipp nalki, eee pradeshathu deerghakaalamaayi nilanilkkunna puthiya pirimurukkam srishtikkumennu bhayapettu. prathyekichum, lover sileshyayilekkulla poolish avakaashavaadangalkku vamsheeyamo charithraparamo aaya nyaayeekaranam illennu stettu department amgeekarichu.
staalinte sammarddathil, 1945 juulai 17 muthal august 2 vare nadanna potsdam konfarans, 1939 vare anthaaraashtra samooham germmaniyude bhaagamaayi amgeekarichatho randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmmani kaivashappeduthiyatho aaya oder-nees line kizhakkulla ellah pradeshangalum mattu raajyangalude adikaaraparidhiyil, anthima samadhana sammelanam theerppaakkaathe, sthaapichu.
sakhyakakshikal sammathichu
kaaranam vinsttan charchilinte vaakkukalil
eee pradeshangalude avasthayile prashnam potsdam karar niyamaparamaayi bandhippikkunna oru udambadiyalla, marichu ussr, us, yuke (franzo germmanio polando kakshiyayirunnilla) enniva thammilulla oru memmoraandam aayirunnu. kizhakkan jarmman athirthiyude prashnam athu niyanthrichu, athu oder-nees rekhayilaanennu sthireekarikkappettu, ennaal jarmmaniyekkurichulla anthima theerumaanangalum athinaal germmaniyude kizhakkan athirthikalude vishadamaaya vinyaasavum oru prathyeka samadhana udambadikku vidheyamaakumennu memmoraandatthinte avasana lekhanam paranju; athil moonnu sakhyakakshikal oppuvachavar potsdam memmoraandatthinte nibandhanakale manikkaan prathijnjaabadharaayirunnu. athinaal, eee sakhyashakthikal potsdam protocolukalil prathijnjaabadharaayiriknathum kaalam, oder-nees line athirthiyile jarmman kararillathe samadhana udambadiyum jarmman punarekeekaranavum undaakilla. eee charcha sheethayudha raashtreeyatheyum nayathanthratheyum baadikkukayum 1990ll germmaniyude punarekeekaranathilekku nayicha charchakalil pradhana punk vahikkukayum cheythu.
jarmmankaare puratthaakkukayum punaradhivasippikkukayum cheyyuka.
1944-1945-nte shaithyakaalath chuvanna sainyathinte druthagathiyilulla munnettathode, jarmman adhikaarikal niravadhi jarmmankaare padinjarottu ozhippichu. muun checoslovakiayude pradeshathum oder-nees laininte kizhakkum (austgebiyettil maathram ekadesham 10 dasalaksham) avasheshikkunna jarmman samsaarikkunna janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagavum ithinakam ozhippikkappedaathavere puthiya check, poolish bharanakoodangal purathaakki. yudhaananthara kaalaghattatthil neratthe jarmman srothassukal palathavana ozhippikkappettathum purathaakkappettathumaaya jarmmankaarude ennam 16 dashalakshavum maranasamkhya 1.7 muthal 2.5 dasalaksham vareyum ennu udharichirunnuvenkilum, chila charitrakaaranmaar innu aaa samkhyakal athishayokthiparamaayi kanakkaakkukayum maranasamkhya 400,000 muthal 600,000 vare vareyaakaan saadhyathayundennum kanakkakkunnu. innathe chila kanakkukal prakaram jarmman abhayaarthikalude ennam 14 dasalakshamaanu, avaril ekadesham araa dasalaksham perr ozhippikkalilum puratthaakkalilum marichu.
athesamayam, madhya polandil ninnulla dhruvangal, muun kizhakkan polandil ninnu purathaakkappetta dhruvangal, thadankalil ninnu madangiyethiya poolish, nirbandhitha thozhil, ooppareshan visttulayil nirbandhithamaayi punaradhivasippicha ukreniyakkaar, holocoastine athijeevicha juthanmaar ennivar polandinu labhicha jarmman pradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakki, athesamayam muun kizhakkan prashyayude vadakku (yuu. ezz. ezz. aarr nediya kaliningrad oblaast) oru sainika mekhalayaayi maattukayum pinneedu rashyakkaarumaayi sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu. ithinu vipareethamaayi aadyathe poolish kudiyettakkaar avarude puthiya chuttupaadukalil ninnu poornnamaayum anyavalkkaranam anubhavichu, ithu poornnamaayum videshavum jarmmankaarumaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
ennirunnaalum, veendedutha pradeshangalile muun jarmman nivaasikale soviyatt adhinivesham moolam kudiyozhippicha thoonukalkku vegathil neekkam cheyyendivannuvenna audyogika prakhyaapanathinu vipareethamaayi, puthiya poolish bhoomi thudakkathil kadutha janasamkhyayude kuravu nerittu.
soviyatt yooniyanil ninnulla poolish janasamkhyayude kaimaattatthil 15 laksham aalukal maathrame undaayirunnulloo, athesamayam 8 dashalakshathiladhikam jarmmankaarkk jarmman kizhakkan pradeshangalil veedukal nashtappettu.
pollonisation sgorselech udambadiyum.
poolish desheeyavaadikalude yudhaanthya aavasyangalil ninnu (valare parimithamaanengilum), jarmman bhoomiyekkurichulla polandinte vyapakamaaya praadeshika nettangal madhyakala piyaast polandinte athirthikkullil oru vamsheeyamaayi ekeekrithamaaya raashtrathekkurichulla piyaast kazhchappadil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathayi avatharippichu. poornnamaayum jarmman samsaarikkunna pradesangalaaya lover saileshya, vidoora pomerania enniva athinte muzhuvan thaddesheeya janasamkhyayeyum 1945-46 ll purathaakki. anischithamaaya athirthi undaayirunnittum pollonisation athivegam thudarnnu.
jarmman sthalanaamangal ettedukkunnathinuparam, puthiya poolish sthalanaamangal nirnnayikkunnath oru slavik naamatthilekku madangukayo jarmman samsarikkunnavar sthaapicha sthalangalkku oru puthiya peru kandupidikkukayo cheythukondu utharaviloode aayirunnu. janangalude bodhatthil piyaast darshanam sthaapikkunnathinum muun jarmman pradeshangalude kootticherkkalinte charitraparamaaya neethiyekkurichu avare bodhyappeduthunnathinum, 'veendedutha pradeshangal' piyaast raajavamshavumaayi bandhapetta padavikalude oru shringalayaal moodappettu, kettidangalkk thanne piyaast bharanaadhikaarikalekkurich paraamarshamillengilum.
poolish kammyoonistukaar thangalude puthiya veedu kramasamaadhaanarahithamaakkunnathi shucheekaranathinum samskaarathinumaayi aninirannu. kettidangalil ninnum kalaasrishtikal, vibhavangal, shavakudeerangal ennivayil ninnum polum jarmman vaakkukal neekkam cheythu. athesamayam, moonnu vyathyastha chodyangalil nagnamaayi vanjanaaparamaaya oru hitaparisodhana nadannu; ithil moonnaamathethu poolish janatha puthiya padinjaaran athirthiye anukoolikkunnundo ennathaayirunnu. audyogika phalangal anusarichu, polandinu kizhakk ganyamaaya pradeshangal nashtappettengilum 90 sathamaanathiladhikam perr "athe" ennu vottu cheythu.
1950ll soviyatt sammarddathil gdrinte (kizhakkan jarmmani) thaalkkaalika gavanmentinte pradhaanamanthriyaaya oottoo grotevolum poolish premiier joseph syrankievics oppuvacha sogorselec udambadiyiloodeyaanu eee prakriyaykku anthimaroopam nalkiyathu. 1945leeii potsdam karar vyakthamakkiya oder-nees lainine iru samsthaanangalum thammilulla athirthiyaayi athu amgeekarichu. shwinojsiyude padinjaaru baltic kadalil ninnu-ennirunnaalum schessesin paraamarshikkaathe-ooder, lusasian nees nadikal muthal checoslovac athirthi vare "nirvachikkappettathum nilavilullathumaaya athirthi" ennaanu eee padangal paraamarshikkunnath.
moonnaam lokamahaayudhaananthara varshangalude thudakkathil paschima jarmman raashtreeyam.
yudhaanantharam, "jarmman chodyam" ennu vilikkappedunna eee chodyam yudhaananthara jarmman, europian charithrathinteyum raashtreeyathinteyum oru pradhana gadakamaayirunnu.
1949num 1970num idayil paschima jarmmani sarkkar eee pradeshangale "poolish, soviyatt bharanathinu keezhilulla muun jarmman pradeshangal" ennu visheshippichu. 1937 leeii jarmman athirthikkullile kizhakkan germmaniyile pradesangalumaayi bandhappett eee padavali upayogichirunnu, ithu potsdam karaaril upayogicha padawali adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu. federal republic oof jarmmani maathramaan ithu upayogichirunnathu; ennaal eee pradeshangal oru divasam jarmmaniyilekku madanganamenna vyakthamaaya soochanaye poolish, soviyatt sarkkarukal ethirthu. noottaandukalkku munbu eee pradeshangalude chila bhagangal vamseeya dhruvangalaal bharikkappettirunnathil orutharam thudarcha urappichukondu polandu sarkkar veendedutha pradeshangal enna vaachakam upayogikkaan eshtappettu.
1973 vare federal republic jarmmani muzhuvan prathyeka maandett avakaashappedunnathil karsanamaaya nilapad sweekarichu. halstein sidhaanthathinu keezhil, soviyatt union ozhikeyulla gdrumaayi nayatantra bandham nilanirtthiya rajyangalumaayi federal republic nayatantra bandham vichedichu. athinaal, paschima jarmmani sarkkarum bundestag 1950-ll sgorselech udambadi 'asaadhuvaayi' prakhyaapichu.
paschima germmaniyude aadyakaala charithratthil, abhayaarthi samghadanakal oru pradhana rashtreeya gadakamaayirunnu, germmaniyude bhaagamaanenn karuthiyirunna bhoomi jarmmani orikkalum upekshikkaruthenn avar aavasyappettu. ennirunnaalum, audyogika avakaashavaadangalkku vipareethamaayi, purathaakkappettavaril bhooribhaagathinum avarude maathrraajyathekku madangaan yadhaartha uddeshyamundaakilla.
oostt polittikkum varso udambadiyum.
1970kalil, padinjaaran jarmmani videsha bandhangalil "austpoolidik" sweekarichu, akkaalathe europian kramatthinte yaadhaarthyangal thirichariyunnathiloodeyum halstein sidhaanthathinte gadakangal upekshikkunnathiloodeyum ayalkkarumaayulla bandham saadhaarana nilayilakkaan shramichu. jarmman janaadhipathya republicinte (gdr) nilanilppum anthaaraashtra niyamathil oder-nees laininte saadhuthayum amgeekarichukondu jarmman punarekeekaranavumaayi bandhapetta avakaashavaadangal padinjaaran germmaniyum thalkkalam upekshichu."eee puthiya sameepanathinte bhaagamaayi, paschima jarmmani soviyatt union (mosco udambadi (1970)), polandu (varso udambadi (1970)), kizhakkan jarmmani (adisthaana udambadi (1972), checoslovakia (pragu udambadi (1973)) ennivayumaayi sauhruda udambadikal avasanippikkukayum helsinghi final aaktil (1975) pankedukkukayum cheythu. kizhakkan germmaniyum padinjaaran germmaniyum thammilulla adisthaana udambadiyekkurichulla 1973 leeii federal bharanaghadanaa kodathiyude vidhiyil sgorselech udambadiyude saadhuta vyakthamaayi sthireekarichu. ennirunnaalum, kizhakkan jarmmani, padinjaaran jarmmani, berlin ennivayude punarekeekaranam kaivarikukayenna deerghakaala lakshyam paschima jarmmani thudarnnu; randaam lokamahaayudhathinte anthima othutheerppinte pashchaathalatthil germmaniyude yudhaananthara athirthikalekkurichulla aupachaarika amgeekaaram oru aikya jarmmani sthireekarikkendathunde addeham paranju. chila padinjaaran jarmman vyaakhyaathaavu eee samvaranangal aabhyanthara rashtreeya upabhogathinaayi uddeshichullavayaanennum avaye pinthunaykkunnathinaayi munnottuvacha vaadangalkku anthaaraashtra niyamathil oru prasakthiyumillennum paranjenkilum, sgorselech udambadiyum varso udambadiyum bhaaviyile aikya germmany baadhikkunnavayaayi kanakkaakkaruthenn thudarnnu.
hollie zee udan thanne varso udambadiyethudarnnulla puthiya yaadhaarthyam amgeekarikkukayum marpappa kaalakalaaya "episcoporum polonia koyattas", "vraattislaviyensis-berolinensis ettu aliarium" ennivayumaayi pradeshangalil puthiya poolish diosisukal srishtikkukayum cheythu.
jarmman punarekeekaranam, jarmman-poolish athirthi udambadi, nilavile avastha.
1990-ll jarmmani germmaniyumaayi bandhapetta anthima othutheerppile udambadiyil punarekeekarana samayat jarmmani athinte nilavile kizhakkan athirthi audyogikamaayi amgeekarichu, oder-nees line kizhakkulla eathu pradeshathum germmanic undayirikkaavunna paramaadhikaaratthinaayulla avasheshikkunna avakaashavaadangal avasaanippichu. kaalakramena, "jarmman chodyam" niravadhi anubandha prathibhasangalaal nishabdamaakkappettu
anthima othutheerppinulla udambadiyude article 1 prakaram, kizhakkan jarmmani, padinjaaran jarmmani, berlin ennivayude athirthikalkkappuramulla kooduthal praadeshika avakaashavaadangal upekshikkaan puthiya aikya jarmmani svayam prathijnjaabadhamaayirunnu; "aikya germmanic mattu rajyangalkkethire oru praadeshika avakaashavaadavumilla, bhaviyil onnum avakaashappedukayumilla."koodaathe, puthiya jarmman raashtram muzhuvan jarmmani ulkkollunna vidhathil poornna jarmman ekeekaranam kaivarichuvennum aaa athirthikalkku purathulla eathenkilum pradeshangal pinneedu amgeekarikkaan kazhiyunna ellah bharanaghadanaa samvidaanangalum neekkam cheyyanamennum vyakthamaakkunnathin federal republicinte adisthaana niyamam bhedagathi cheyyendathundu; eee puthiya bharanaghadanaa artikkilukal udambadikku vidheyamaayathinaal raddaakkaruthu. adisthaana niyamatthinte article 23 raddaki, federal republicinte amgathvathinu apekshikkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthal samsthaanangalkku avasaanippichu; athesamayam article 146 bhedagathi cheyth puthuthayi ekeekritha republicinte pradeshathu muzhuvan jarmman janathayum ulppedunnuvennu vyakthamaayi prasthaavichu; "germmaniyude aikyavum swaathanthryavum nediyathinaal jarmman janatha swathanthramaayi amgeekaricha bharanaghadana praabalyatthil varunna divasam jarmman janathayude eee adisthaana niyamam baadakamaavilla". 1990-leeii aamukhathinte punarnirmmaanatthil ithu sthireekarichu; "jarmmankaar... swatantra svayam nirnnayathil germmaniyude aikyavum swaathanthryavum nediyittundu. eee adisthaana niyamam muzhuvan jarmman janathaykkum baadhakamaan."
jarmman punarekeekaranatthinidayil, chansalar helmut kooll thudakkathil athirthi nischayaathmakamaayi amgeekarikkunnathinekkur thante 10 pooyintukalil paraamarshikkaathe anthaaraashtra prathishedham srishtichu, ennaal pinneedu randaam lokamahaayudhathinu sesham nadatthiya praadeshika mattangal amgeekarikkunnathine vimukhathayode aavarthichu, ithu purathaakkappettavarude federationil kurachu rosham srishtichu, athesamayam chila dhruvangal 1939 leeii aaghaatham "randaamathe jarmman adhiniveshathiloode" punarujjeevippikkunnathu aashankaakularaayirunnu, ithavana jarmmankaar avarude bhoomi thirike vaangukayum athu aaa samayat vilakuranjathaayi labhyamaayirunnu. ithu pratheekshichathilum cheria thothil sambhavichu, polandile baltic kadaltheeram oru janapriya jarmman vinodasanjaara kendramaayi maari. 1990kalil valare aakramanaathmakamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna "homesicness-tourism" ennu vilikkappedunna eee paryadanam ippol nashtappetta pradeshangalude thirichuvaravinulla kopatthinteyum aagrahathinteyum prakadanamaayi kaanunnathinupakaram oru nalla swabhaavamulla nostaaljiya tooraayi kaanapedunnu.
germmaniyile chila samghadanakal germmanic vendi pradeshangal avakaashappedunnathu thudarunnu allengil jarmman pouranmaarkku avide swath avakaashappedunnu. nooril thaazhe amgangalulla prussian trastt (allengil "prussian claim sosaitti"), 2006 desemberil polandu sarkkaarinethire 23 vyakthigatha avakaashavaadangal europian manushyavakaasha kodathiyil samarppichappol, randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathil athinte amgangalil ninnu viniyogicha swath nashtapariharam allengil thirike nalkanamennu aavasyappettukondu pazhaya tharkkam veendum thurannu. jarmman, poolish sarkkarukal samyukthamaayi anthaaraashtra niyama vidagtharil ninnu niyogicha oru vidagdha report, prussian trasttinte nirddishta parathikalkk vijayathinte pratheekshayillenn sthireekarichu. ennaal atharam abhyarthanakal nadathunnathu thadayaan jarmman sarkkaarin kazhiyilla, koodaathe "europian manushyavakaasha kodathiyil prussian trastt samarppicha polandinethiraaya avakaashavaadathekkurichulla vivarangal labhichappol [avalude] aazhathilulla aashanka prakadippikkaan" poolish videshakaarya mantriyaaya anna fottigayude abhiprayam samarpikkalukal aavasyamaanennu poolish sarkkaarin thonni. 2008 october 9nuu europian manushyavakaasha kodathi "preyusishe truhand vii." enna cases prakhyaapichu. polandu "asweekaaryamaanu, kaaranam manushyaavakaashangalekkuri europian kanvenshan karar raajyangalkk kanvenshan amgeekarikkunnathinumbu avarkk kaimaria swath thirike nalkaan baadyathayonnum chumathunnilla.
2006 septambaril mcclenberg-vorpomern paarlamentil aarr seettukal nediya germmaniyude naashanal demookratik party, thante party germmany "charitraparamaaya athirthikalil" aavashyappedunnuvennu party nethaavu udo voyigt prakhyapikkukayum nilavile athirthi udambadikale chodyam cheyyukayum cheythu.

