
stokku certificat

korpparettu niyamathil, oru stokku certificat (certificat oof stokku allengil share certificat ennum ariyappedunnu) oru korppareshanile oru nischitha ennam oharikalude udamasthaavakaashathinte (allengil, unifom komezhsyal kodinte article 8 prakaram, securitykalude avakasham allengil fungable balkkinte proo raatta share) allengil stokkinte niyamaparamaaya thalpparyam (niravadhi niyamaparamaaya avakaashangalude oru bundle) saakshyappeduthunna niyamaparamaaya rekhayaanu.
charithram.
oru korppareshanile oru nischitha ennam oharikalude (allengil, unifom komezhsyal kodinte article 8 prakaram, securitykalude avakasham allengil oru fungible balkkinte proo raatta share) udamasthaavakaashathinte niyamaparamaaya thalpparyam (niravadhi niyamaparamaaya avakaashangalude oru bundle) saakshyappeduthunna niyamaparamaaya rekhayaanu stokku certificat. 1606 aayappozhekkum netherlandilum 1800 aayappozhekkum amerikkayilum atharam aadyathe upakaranangal upayogichu. charitraparamaayi, laabhavihithathinulla avakasham theliyikkaan certificattukal aavashyamaayi vannekkaam, paymentinulla raseet pinbhaagathu amgeekarikkappettirikkaam; ohari kaimaattatthe phalapradamaayi baadhikkunnathin yadhaartha certificat nalkendathundu.
amerikkayilum (parimithamaaya alavil) mattu raajyangalilum, electronic rajistreshan prayojanakaramaaya udamakalkkulla stokku certificattine maattisthaapikkunnu (avarude kaivashamulla nikshepakarkku certificattukal undaayirikkaamenkilum), kambanikalkku chilappol paper certificattukal nalkenda aavasyamilla. amerikkayil 7,000-ladhikam pothu vyapaaram nadathunna securitykalil 420-ladhikam, athaayath 6 sathamaanam, gunabhokthaakkalkk paper certificattukal nalkunnilla. udaaharanathinu, newyork stokku ekschenchile ohari kaimaattatthinte alavu kaalakramena vardhichu; 1938-ll prathidina alavu 1 dasalaksham oharikalaayirunnu, 1954-ll athu 2 dasalaksham oharikalilethi. 2011ll american aikyanaadukalile central securities deposity dii. tii. sii. 16 laksham paper stokku certificattukal kaivasham vachirunnu, koodaathe kuranjathu 1960 muthal vyavasaayathil lakshyamitirunna demeterialisation enna prakriyaya paper stokku certificattukal illaathaakkaanulla sramangal prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. 2012ll manal chuzhalikkattil ninnulla vellam dii. tii. siyile oru nilavarayil vellappokkamundaakkum oru bilyan dollariladhikam stokku, boond sarttifikkattukalkk kedupaadukal varuthukayum cheythu. lokamembaadumulla rajyangal samanamaaya samrambhangal sweekarichittundu, chila rajyangal niyamaparamaaya demeterialisationaayi samayaparidhi nischayichittundu.
chilar poojyamaayi eedaakkunnundengilum (udha.jii.walt disney kambani) allengil oru mithamaaya phees maathram, onnukil theruvu peril oharikal kaivasham vaykkunnathiloodeyo (yunaittad stetsil street neyim securitykal securitykalaanu, saadhaaranayaayi paper certificat roopathil, oru dhanakaarya sthaapanathinte pankaalittham (oru broker allengil baank allengil central securities deposity polullava), gunabhokthaavin baank akkoundu stettmentinu samanamaaya oru stettment maathrame labhikkunnulloo) allengil stokku transfer ejantumaayi nerittu oharikal rajisttar cheyyukayum avaa certificat nalkukayum cheiyunnathiloodeyo eee phees ozhivakkaam.
paper, electronic rajistreshan ennivaykku mattoru badal pepparinu thulyamaaya electronic stokku sarttifikkattukalude upayogamaanu. naalppathezhu samsthaanangal unifom electronic transactions aakdinu thulyamaaya niyamanirmmanam nadappaakkiyittund, ithu electronic oppukalkk "rekhaamoolamulla" aavasyakathakalkku thulyatha nalkunnu. ithu, certificattukalil (delaware general korppareshan niyamathile §158 polullava) "faksimail" oppukal upayogikkaan anuvadikkunna niyamanirmmaanathodoppam, swakaarya kambanikalkku pepparinu thulyamaaya electronic stokku certificattukal srishtikkunnathinum vitharanam cheiyunnathinum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinumulla oru sevana saankethikavidyayaayi softwearinu roopam nalki.
sweedenil, 1990 muthal stokku ekschenchil vyapaaram nadathunna oharikalkku ohari certificattukal pradhaanamaayum nirthalaakki, pakaram electronic oharikal upayogikkunna aalukal (ohari udamayude perilo ohari udamayude brokerude perilo rajisttar cheythava). ohari certificattukal sweedenil nilavilundakaam, pakshe oharikal sweeden stokku ekschenchil listt cheythittillenkil maathram.
chilappol stokku certificattulla oru ohari udamaykku mattoru vyakthikk oru proxy nalki bandhapetta oharikalkku vottu cheyyaan anuvadikkaan kazhiyum. athupole, share certificattillaathu oru ohari udama palappozhum mattoru vyakthikk oru proxy nalki bandhapetta oharikalkku vottu cheyyaan anuvadichekkaam. korppareshante charter korpparettu niyamavumaanu vottavakaasham nirvachikkunnath.
stokku certificattukale saadhaaranayaayi rund roopangalaayi thirichirikkunnu rajisterdu stokku certificattukal, bearer stokku certificattukal. oru rajisterdu stokku certificat saadhaaranayaayi udamasthaavakaashathinte thelivu maathramaan, koodaathe oharikalude yadhaartha udamakalude oru record korppareshante stockholderude rajisttaril drishyamaakum.
oru vahikkunna stokku certificat, athinte peru soochippikkunnathu pole oru vahikkunna upakaranamaan, koodaathe sarttifikkattinte bhauthika udamasthatha stokkumaayi bandhapetta ellah niyamaparamaaya avakashangalum prayogikkaan udamaykku arhathayund. carrier stokku certificattukal asaadhaaranamaayikkondirikkayi avayude rahasyathmakatha kaaranam avaa offshore adikaaraparidhiyil janapriyamaayirunnu, koodaathe staambu duty adaykkaathe, issue cheythathinushesham (korppareshante kaivashamulla) aasthikalilekku prayojanakaramaaya padavi kaimarunnathinulla upayogapradamaaya margamaayirunnu. anthaaraashtra samrambhangal offshore adikaaraparidhiyil bearer stokku sarttifikkattukalude upayogam niyanthrichittundu, avaa praayogikamaayi apoorvamaayi maathrame kaanappedunnulloovenkilum kadaltheera saambathika kendrangalil maathrame labhyamaakoo.
oru stokku sarttifikkattinte niyamaparamaaya swabhaavam.
oru stokku certificat pothu stokkilo (general fundinte ardhathil) allengil issue cheiyunna korppareshante aasthikalilo ulla niyamaparamaaya udamasthaavakaasha thaalpparyathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. certificat dividant shekharikkunnathinum saadhaaranayaayi issue cheiyunnayaalude charterinum bilosine anusrithamaayi vottingiloode issue cheiyunnayaale swaadheenikkunnathinum issue cheiyunnayaalkkethire thiranjeduttha nadapadiyude thelivu nalkunnu, avaa palappozhum sarttifikkattinte mukhathu nibandhanakalaayi soochippikkukayo ulppeduthukayo cheiyunnu.
ohari udamakalude avakashangal issue cheiyunnayaalude pothu kadakkaarude solvency aavasyakathakalkkum prathyeka ohari udamayum issue cheiyunnavanum thammilulla motham karaarinte bhagamaaya stokku sarttifikkattinte mukhathu saadhuvaayi sthaapichirikkunna eathenkilum nibandhanakalkkum vyavasthakalkkum vidheyamaan.
stokku certificattukal indormentiloodeyum delivariyiloodeyum vilapeshaavunnatho ardha-vilapeshaavunnatho aaya upakaranangalayi kaimaattam cheyyappedunnu, kaimaattam cheiyunnayaal korppareshanil amgamaakaan kaimaattam nalkunnayaalil (saadhaaranayaayi issue cheiyunnayaalude transfer ejantu vazhi) rajisttar cheyyanamennu issue cheiyunna charterukal saadhaaranayaayi aavashyappedunnu. transfer rajistreshan oru tharam naveekaranamaanu.