vaasan thiranjedukkal chumatala

1966ll peettar cathcart vaasan aavishkaricha oru lojik pasil aanu vaasan selection task (allengil naalu card prashnam). deductive reasoning padanatthile ettavum prashasthamaaya jolikalilonnaanithu. eee pasil oru udaaharanamaanu
vipareethamaakkenda aavashyamillaatha oru card thirichariyukayo allengil vipareethamaakkenda oru card thirichariyaan paraajayappedukayo cheiyunna prathikaranam thettaanu. samkhyakal (eratta, vichithram), aksharangal (svaraaksharangal, vyanjanaksharangal) ennivayumaayi bandhappettathaan yadhaartha dauthyam.
mikka saahacharyangalilum aalukalkk ithu pariharikkan prayasamullathinaal chila sandarbhangalil ithu shariyaayi pariharikkan kazhiyumennathinaal parisodhana prathyeka thaalpparyamullathaanu. prathyekichum, sangalppitha sandarbham oru saamoohika niyamam paalikkumbol pasil eluppathil pariharikkappedumennu gaveshakar kandethi.
pariharam.
8 card chuvapp card thirikkuka ennathaanu sariyaaya utharam.
card oru mukhathu oru eratta nambar kaanikkukayaanengil", "athinte ethir mukham neelayaanu ennathaayirunnu niyamam."oru mukhathu eratta nambar ulla", "maruvashathu neela ozhikeyulla mattenthenkilum card ennivaykku maathrame eee niyamam asaadhuvaakaan kazhiyoo
yukthiyude upayogam.
ivide "iff" ennathinte vyaakhyaanam classical lojikkile metteeriyal vyavasthayaanu, athinaal modus ponence (ellah eevan kaardukalum neelayaanennu urappakkaan parisodhikkanam), modus tollens (ellah noonn-blue kaardukalum noonn-eevan aanennu urappakkaan parisodhikkanam) enniva upayogichu cardukal thiranjedutthu eee prashnam pariharikkan kazhiyum.
vaathakathinte naalu card prashnathe chuttipattiyulla oru pareekshanam eee task pareekshanatthil aalukalude thiranjeduppil yukthiye adisthaanamaakkiyullathalla niravadhi swaadheenangal kandethi. eee pareekshanatthil ninnu pankedutthavar nadatthiya yukthirahithamaya nigamanangal adhika yukthisahamaya nyaayavaada samvidaanangalude saadhyathayum ghadanayum prakadamaakkunnu. 
pakaramaayi, siroth-oordar lojikkinekkurichulla mattoru reference upayogichu oraalkk prashnam pariharikkam. classical propositional lojikkil, metteeriyal vyavasthaapithamaayathu athinte mungaamikal shariyaanenkil maathrame thettaakoo. ithinte soochanayaayi, njangal oru thettaaya vyavasthayumaayi edapedunnundo ennu parisodhikkaan selection task rund kesukal parishodhikkendathundu
joliyile prakadanatthinte vishadeekaranangal.
vaasoninte padanatthil, 10 sathamaanam vishayangal polum sariyaaya pariharam kandethiyilla, eee prashnatthinte prathyeka maanadandatthinu, 8 card chuvapp card aayirikkum. eee phalam 1993-ll aavarthichu. eee selection pareekshanatthinte mosham vijaya nirakk athinte prasakthamaaya praadhaanyatthinte abhavam vishadeekarikkaam. ennirunnaalum, eee dauthyam punarnirmmichathaanenkil, praayogika thelivukal yukthisahamaya prathikaranangalil vardhanavu kaanikkunnu.
pankedukkunnavar "iff" vaayikkunnillenn chila rachayithakkal vaadichittundu... pinne..."bhauthika vyavastha enna nilayil, swaabhaavika bhasha vyavasthaapithamallaathinaal bhauthika vyavasthaapithamalla. (kooduthal vivarangalkk vyavasthaapithamaaya bhouthikathayude vairudhyangalum kaanuka.) ennirunnaalum classical lojik solution vishadeekarikkumbol pankedukkunnavar engane prathikarikkunnu ennathaanu task rasakaramaaya oru savisheshatha.
eee randaamathe abhipraayavum vivaadaparamaanu, kaaranam vishayangal avarude muun pariharam thettayi kanakkaakkiyittundo, allengil rund vyaakhyaanangal anuvadikkaan paryapthamaaya avyakthamaayi avar eee prashnathe kanakkaakkiyittundo ennu ithu vishadeekarikkunnilla.
sthireekarana pakshapaatham kaaranam eee selection task pankedukkunnavarude pishakukal vaason aaropikkunnu. sthireekarana pakshapaatham niyamam sthireekarikkunna cardukal thedaan aalukale nirbandhikkunnu; athesamayam, pareekshanatthinte pradhana uddeshyam avar avaganikkunnu, athu niyamam sthireekarikkaathirikkaan saadhyathayulla cardukal uddeshyapoorvam thiranjedukkuka ennathaanu.
saamoohika niyamangal palikkuka.
1983 leeii kanakkanusarichu, vaasan selection task vijayikkunnath valare sandarbhathe aashrayichirikkunnathaane pareekshanakarthaavu thiricharinjirunnuvena eathu sandarbhangal kooduthalum sariyaaya prathikaranangal nalkukayum eathaanu kooduthalum thettaaya prathikaranangal nalkukayum cheythathennathinu saidhaanthika vishadeekaranamonnum undaayirunnilla.
saamoohika bandhangalude pashchaathalatthil avatharippikkumbol selection task "sariyaaya" prathikaranam srishtikkumennu parinaama manasshaasthranjaraaya leda cosmideukalum joonn tooby (1992) thiricharinju. udaaharanathinu, "ningal madyam kazhikkukayaanengil, ningalkk 18 vayassinu mukalilayirikkanam" enna niyamavum cardukalkku oru vashath praayavum maruvashathu paaneeyavum undengil, udha.jii., 16", "bear kudikkuka", "25", "sooda kudikkuka", mikka aalukalkkum sariyaaya cardukal thiranjedukkunnathil budhimuttilla ("" 16 "," bear kudikkuka "). vividha sandarbhangalile pareekshanangalude oru parambarayil, aaa aanukoolyathinu yogyatha nediya oraalkk maathram niyamaanusrithamaayi labhyamaya oru aanukoolyam ulkkollunna oru saamoohika niyamam poleesinu aavashyappedumbol vishayangal sthiramaaya mikacha prakadanam prakadippichu. aalukal saamoohika kaimaattatthinte niyamangal parisheelanatthiloode padikkukayum parichithamallaattha niyamangalekkaal eee parichithamaaya niyamangal prayogikkunnathu eluppamaanennu kandethukayum cheiyunnathupolulla badal vishadeekaranangal pareekshanakaarikal thallikkalanjathaayi cosmideukalum tooby vaadichu.
kosmaidukaludeyum toobyudeyum abhipraayathil, pareekshikkenda niyamam saamoohika kaimaattamaanengil ("aanukoolyam x labhikkunnathin ningal vyavastha y niravettendathundu") oru vaasan task eluppamaanennu theliyikkunna sidhaanthathe eee pareekshanathmaka thelivukal pinthunaykkunnu, koodaathe vishayam niyamathe police cheyyaan aavashyappedunnu, pakshe allaathapaksham kooduthal budhimuttaanu. atharam oru vyathyasam, anubhavaparamayi theliyikkappettal, manushyante yukthiye niyanthrikkunnath sandarbha-rahitavum pothuvaaya-uddeshyavumaaya samvidaanangalekkaal saamoohika edapedalukalude nirddishta prasnangal pariharikkunnathin swaabhaavika thiranjeduppiloode parinamicha sandarbha-sensitiivu samvidaanangalaanenna parinaama manasshaasthranjarude vaadathe pinthunaykkumennu avar vaadichu. eee saahacharyathil, modyooline oru prathyeka cheettar-dittakshan modyoolaayi visheshippikkunnu.
saamoohika bandhangalude sidhaanthathinte vilayiruthal.
davis mattullavarum. pothuvaaya uddeshya yukthisahamaya samvidaanangalkku virudhamaayi sandarbha-sensitiivu, domaine-nirddishta yukthisahamaya samvidaanangalkku anukoolamaayi cosmideukalum tooby nadathunna vaadangal saidhaanthikamaayi poruthappedaatthathum anumaanaparamaayi nyaayeekarikkappedaathu (1995) vaadichittundu. deontic, discriptive vyavasthakal verthirichariyanamennu voonn sido (2006) vaadichu, ennaal deontic vyavasthakal parishodhikkunnathinulla yukthi kooduthal chittayullathaanennum (beller, 2001 kaanuka) oraalude lakshyangale aashrayichirikkunnuvennu (sperber & giroto, 2002 kaanuka). ennirunnaalum, kanasawa (2010) enna chithrathinu marupadiyaayi, kaufmaan thudangiyavar. (2011) 112 vishayangalkk cosmideukalum tooby (1992) nirddeshicha sandarbhochithamaaya vaasan card-selection task 70-aittam computerised pathipp nalki, pakaram "ekapaksheeyavum parinamaparavumaaya puthiya prashnangalile prakadanathekkaal manappoorvamallaatha, parinamaparamaayi parichithamaaya prashnangalile prakadanam pothuvaaya budhiyumaayi kooduthal shakthamayi bandhappettirikkunnu", pakaram "innathe manahshaasthram" ennathinu vendi ezhuthumbol, coffman nigamanam cheythu, "pothuvaaya buddhi parinaama manashaasthravumaayi valare poruthappedunnuvennu thonnunnu."

