adivarayidal

nirmmaanatthilo naveekaranatthilo, nilavilulla oru kettidatthinteyo mattu gadanayudeyo adithara shakthippeduthunna prakriyayaan underpinning. vividha kaaranangalal adivarayidal aavashyamaayi vannekkaam
adithara aazhathilo veethiyilo vyaapippichukond adithara poortthiyaakkaam, athinaal athu onnukil kooduthal pinthunaykkunna manninte stharathil vishramikkukayo allengil athinte bharam kooduthal pradeshathekku vitharanam cheiyukayo cheiyunnu. micropylukaludeyum jettu groutinginteyum upayogam adivarayidunnathil saadhaarana reethikalaanu. yooritheyn adisthaanamaakkiyulla enchiniyaring structural resinukal vikasippikkunnath ulppede oru grautt avatharippichu mannu shakthippeduthuka ennathaanu adivarayidunnathinu oru badal.
saittinte chila pradeshangalil pii klaas (prashnamulla) mannu neridendivannaal adithara aavashyamaayi vannekkaam.
ardhamaattathiloode aditharayaayi varthikkunna ellah amoortha ashayangaleyum ulkkollunnathinayi adivarayidal enna vaakk parinamichu.
maas konkreett underpinning.
'parambaraagathamaaya adithara', maas konkreett adithara reethi ekadesham 100 varsham pazhakkamullathaanu, protocol mariyittilla. eee aditharayulla reethi kaikal upayogichu pettikal kuzhikkukayum aavashyamenkil shakthippeduthalukalodup thanthraparamaaya kramatthil thudarchayaayi konkreett ozhikkukayum cheythukondu nilavilulla gadanayude aditharaye shakthippeduthunnu. nilavilulla aditharaykku keezhil nirmmicha oru aditharayaanu phalam. nilavilulla adithara aazham kuranjathaanengilum ambathu adii (pathinanju meter) aazhathil vare nannayi pravarthikkumbozhaanu eee adithara saadhaaranayaayi prayogikkunnathu. manalkkinarukal, poost hole aggar enniva polulla kaii upakaranangal upayogikkunnu; pettikalude valippam cheruthayathinaal kanatha yanthrangal eee reethiyil upayogikkunnilla. enchineeyaringinte laalithyam, kuranja thozhil chelavu, nirmmaana samayat gadanayude upayogathinte thudarcha ennivayulppede eee reethi upayogikkunnathinu niravadhi gunangalundu.
beam, bays underpinning.
parambaraagatha maas konkreett underpinninginte saankethikamaayi kooduthal noothanamaaya oru poruthappedutthalaanu beam, bays reethi. nilavilulla aditharaykku thaazheyo mukaliloo pakaram oru shakthippeduthiya konkreett beam nirmmikkunnu. beam kettidatthinte bharam maas konkreett baselake maattunnu, avaa roopakalppana cheytha thanthraparamaaya sthalangalil nirmmikkunnu. aditharayude valipavum aazhavum nilavilulla bhoosthithiye aasrayichirikkunnu. beam design kettidatthinte krameekaranatheyum prayogicha bhaarangaleyum aasrayichirikkunnu. kaliman manninte vipuleekaranathinu saadhyathayulla padhathikalil palappozhum aanti-hevu munkaruthalukal ulppeduthiyittundu.
miinii piled underpinning.
sthala saahacharyangal vyathyaasappedunnathum, praveshanam niyantrithamaayathum, paaristhithika malineekarana vashangal praadhaanyamarhikkunnathu sthalangalilum, sevanathile gadanaaparamaaya neekkangal kuranjathaayirikkenda sthalangalilum miinii-pailukalkk ettavum valia upayogamundu. aditharayil ninnulla bharam ganyamaaya aazhathil sthirathayulla mannilekku maattendivarumbol miinii-piled underpinning saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu-saadhaaranayaayi athil kooduthal. miinii-pailukal oogerd allengil drive steel cases aakam, avaa saadhaaranayaayi vyaasathinum idayilaayirikkum. niyantritha headroom parimithamaaya sthalavumulla parithasthithikalil pravartthikkaan prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheythittullathum oru saadhaarana gaarhika kavaadatthiloode praveshanam nedaan kazhiyunnathumaaya rigukal structural enchineeyarmaar upayogikkum. aazham vare koombaarangal nirmmikkaan avaykku kazhiyum. 1952ll italiyilaanu minipiling saankethikavidya aadyamaayi prayogichathu, ithu lokamembaadumulla sweekaaryathayum yadhaartha pettantukalude kaalaharanavum prathifalippikkunna niravadhi vyathyastha perukaliloode kadannupoyi.
thaarathamyena cheria vyaasamulla miinii-piles itharathilulla underpinningil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, saadhaaranayaayi nilavilulla ghadanayilo paarayilo nankooramidukayo bandhippikkukayo cheiyunnu. eee reethikk parambaraagatha drilling, growting reethikal upayogikkunnu. eee miinii-pailukalkk uyarnna nerttha anupaathamund, ganyamaaya urukk shakthippeduthunna gadakangal avatharippikkunnu, koodaathe rund indriyangalilum aksheeya loading nilanirthaan kazhiyum. miinii-pailsinte pravartthana looad looad vare nilanirthaan kazhiyum.
maas konkreett underpinningumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, staatiks, metteeriyalukalude shakti thudangiya praadhamika enchiniyaring mechanics ulppede miinii-pailsinte enchiniyaring vasham kurachukoodi ulppettirikkunnu. roopakalppanayude ooriyanteshanum prayogavum anusarichu tensionilum compressionilum pravartthikkunna tharatthilaanu eee miinii-pailukal roopakalppana cheyyendathu. vishadaamshangalil, settilment, bursting, buckling, cracking, interface pariganana ennivayil designil vishakalanaparamayi shradha nalkanam, athesamayam, praayogika veekshanakonil ninnu, nashana prathirodhavum nilavilulla nilavumayum gadanayumaayum poruthappedunnathum pariganikkanam.
miinii-piled underpinning skeemukal.
pail aandu beam, cantilever pail-cappukal, piled raaft sisttangal enniva miinii-piled underpinning skeemukalil ulppedunnu. oru kettidatthinte akathalathe aswasthamaakkunnathu ozhivakkaan cantilevered pail-cappukal saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu, koodaathe oro thoppiyilum tension compression pailukalum nirmmikkendathund. iva saadhaaranayaayi oru beam vazhi bandhippichirikkunnu. pail, beam samvidaanathil saadhaaranayaayi mathilinte iruvashathum jody koombaarangal nirmmikkukayum mathiline pinthunaykkunnathinaayi oru pail thoppiyumaayi bandhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. chumarinte muzhuvan neelavum pinthunaykkunnathinaayi pail cappukal saadhaaranayaayi shakthippeduthiya konkreett beemkalaal bandhippichirikkunnu. oru kettidam muzhuvan adivarayidumbol piled raaft underpinning samvidaanangal saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu. aantharika nilakal poornnamaayum neekkam cheyyukayum koombaarangalude oru grid sthaapikkukayum thudarnnu muzhuvan nilayilum oru shakthippeduthiya konkreett raaft nirmmikkukayum ellah baahya, aantharika mathilukalum edukkukayum poornnamaayum pinthunaykkukayum cheiyunnu.
resin kuthivayppu vikasippikkuka, ithu adivarayidunnathinu pakaramaan.
gadanaaparamaaya resinukaludeyum hardenerinteyum oru misritham aditharayude adithattilekku kuthivaykkunnu. nilathu praveshikkumbol raasapravarthanam moolam resinum hardener kalarnnathum vikasikkunnathum sambhavikkunnu. vikasichukondirikkunna gadanaaparamaaya resin misritham eathenkilum shoonyathakalum villalukalum niraykkukayum durbalamaaya mannine sankeernamaakkukayum cheiyunnu, thudarnnu kuthivayppu thudarukayaanenkil, mukalilulla ghadana uyarthukayum veendum samanilayil varuthukayum cheyyaam. ekadesham 30 varshamaayi nilanilkkunna eee thaarathamyena puthiya unpenning reethi, athil nirmmaanamo khanana sajjeekaranamo ulppedaathathinaal, vrithiyullathum vegathayeriyathum thadassappeduthaathathumaaya unpenning reethiyaayi ariyappedunnu.

