
limayude adhinivesham

pasaphik yudhathinte (1879-1883) karaa prachaarana ghattatthile oru sambhavamaayirunnu 1881-1883 ll chilian sainyam lima pidichadakkiyathu.
peruvian sainyathinte avashishtangalum saan juvaanteyum miraflorasinteyum maathrkayil saadhaaranakkaarude koottavum limaye prathirodhichu. adhinivesha sainyam munnerumbol, athe varsham januvari 13 nuu corrillos, baranco pattanangal kaivashappedutthi, athesamayam miraphlorus yudhathinu sesham januvari 16 nuu miraphlorus pattanam pidichedutthu; oduvil 1881 januvari 17 muthal 1883 october 23 vare lima nagaram pidichedukkukayum pidichedukkukayum cheythu, pinneedu migual iglesius peruvian sarkkaarinte niyanthranam veendeduthu.
pashchaathalam.
1839 januvari muthal october vare pasaphik adhinivesha limayude yudhathinu pathittaandukalkk munbu chilian sainikar undaayirunnu. peru-bolivia konfedareshan pirichuvittathinetthudar peruvil uyarnnuvanna puthiya bharanakoodatthe sthirappeduthunnathinayi maanuval balnukalude neethrthwathilulla adhinivesham nadatthi.
1881 januvariyil chili peru theerathulla kadalum tachna, arikka, tarapaca ennee pravishyakalum niyanthrichu. chilian sainyam limayude thekk bhaagathulla peruvian pattanangalaya pisco, chilkka ennividangalil erangi. lima adhinivesha samayat general maanuval backwedano chili sainyathinte niyanthranathilaayirunnu.
bakkiyulla peruvian sainyavum saan juvan-korillosinte nirayile dhaaraalam saadhaaranakkaarum aadyam limaye prathirodhikkaan pookukayaayirunnu. american enchineeyar pooll boyton vivarikkunnu
maruvashathu, miraaflorukalude thanthraparamaaya line saadhaaranakkaarekkaal kooduthal sainikar prathirodhichu. ennirunnaalum, chilian sainyam saan juvan, corrillos, miraphlorus ennee yudhangalil vijayikkukayum pattanangal nasippikkukayum peruvian thalasthaanam eluppathil adhinivesham anuvadikkukayum cheythu.
phalapradamaaya peruvian kendra gavanment avasheshikkaathathinaal, chili peruviludaneelam, prathyekichu theerathum madhya malambradeshangalilum, vadakku kajamarkka vare thulachukayari, puthiya adhinivesha adhikaarathinethiraaya eathenkilum prathirodha srothassukal illaathaakkaan shramichu.
chainees-silian sahakaranm.
chiliyude nettatthil yuddham purogamikkumbol, chilian sainyam aayirakkanakkin chainees koolikale mochippichu, avar peruvian "hassienda" kalil jolie cheyyaan sammathikkukayum swantham maathrraajyathe kadinamaaya saahacharyangalil ninnu rakshappedukayum peruvil mechappetta bhaavi thedukayum cheythu.
mochitharaaya chainakkar chilian sainyathil sahayikalaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum patricio linchinte neethrthwathil oru rejiment roopeekarikkukayum cheythu, britiish naavikasenayile oru udyogasthanenna nilayil chainayile prachaarana velayil addeham padicha cantonese samsaarichathinaal chainakkar "redu prins" ennu namakaranam cheythu, chainees swantham bhashayil samsarikkaanum avarumaayi bandham pularthaanum kazhiyunna oru vyakthiye vishwasikkaan saadhyathayund.
pasaphik yudhathiludaneelam chilikkulla chainees pinthuna kaaranam, peruviyakkaarum chainakkaarum thammilulla bandham thudarnnulla kaalaghattatthil kooduthal vashalayi. yudhaanantharam, sayudha thaddesheeya karshakar central siyarayile elaitt creoloo "sahakaranavaadikalude" haasendakale pirichuvidukayum adhinivesham nadathukayum cheythu-avaril bhooribhaagavum vamseeya chainees vamshajaraanu, athesamayam thaddesheeyarum mestiso peruviyanmaarum limayile chainees kadayudamakale kolappedutthi; chainees koolikal kalapam nadathukayum chilian sainyathil cherukayum cheythu. irupathaam noottaandil polum, chilikkulla chainees pinthunayude oormmakal valare aazhathilullathaayirunnathil athu oru maanuval aayirunnu. oru kaalath peruvinte eakaadhipathiyaayirunna odria, avarude vanchanayude shikshayaayi chainees kudiyettatthinethire nirodhanam purappeduvichu.
saan juvaante vedinirthal.
januvari 14nuu, chilian yudhamanthri prachaaranatthil backwedano pidikoodiya kenal migual iglesiyasinte koode kooduthal rakthachorichil ozhivakkaan pierolayumaayi samsarikkaan thante secretory ayachu. vedinirthalinaayi, kalloyude kappalukalum kottakalude niraayudheekaranavum abhyarthichu. niyamaanusrithamaayi adhikaarappeduthiya manthrimaarumaayi maathrame thaan charcha nadathukayulloovennu pierola marupadi nalki. aaa utharathinu sesham, 15-aamm theeyathi vare yudhathinte thudarchaykku thayyaredukkaan backwedano utharavittu.
ennirunnaalum, vergarayude shramathe limayude nayatantra corps aduthu pinthudarnnu, avarude deane seeniyarity arjanteenayudeyum boleeviyayudeyum koonsal jorjju tessanos-pintoo vaii sanches dii busttamaantte (1821-1897) aayirunnu. nayathanthranjar aadyam peruvian prathinidhikalumayi samsaarikkukayum thudarnnu baakvedaanoyumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthaan abhyarthikkukayum cheythu, avar pittennu oru koodikkazhchaykku sammathichu. iru kakshikalum thammilulla sainika nireekshanatthinaayi nadatthiya munnettatthe oru akramanamaayi thettidharichathine thudarnnu peruvian sainyam chilian sainikarkk nere vediyuthirkkukayum poraattam punararambhikkukayum cheythathinaal charchakal parajayappettu.
thozhilinu thayyaareduppukal.
ell kallovile peruvian kappalppadayude thakarcha.
korillosinteyum miraflorasinteyum yudhangalkku sesham naavikasenayude sekrattari kyapttan maanuval villar olivera theeradesha baattarikalum peruvian schwadinte kappalukalum nasippikkaan utharavittu. baattarikalude prefectum kamaandarumaaya luis jerman aastettum kyapttan maanuval villavisensio eee chumatala vahichu. peruvian kappalukal, avayil corvet "yooniyon", monittar "atahuwalpa" enniva chilian kaikalilekku veezhaathirikkaan peruviyakkaar thanne theerathu athikkukayum theekoluthukayum mukki.
chilian rear admiral galwarino riveros cardenus oru neenda saakshyathil ingane paranju
videsha edapedal.
limayude adhiniveshathinu munbu corrillos, baranco, miraphlorus pattanangalil madyalahariyilulla chilian sainikar theepidutthavum kollayadikkalum nadathukayum jorjju basadre polulla peruvian charitrakaaranmaarum benchamin vikuna mckenna polulla chilian charitrakaaranmaarum udharichathupole avar thammil kolapathakangal polum nadathukayum cheythirunnu.
chilian naashatheyum kollayeyum kurichulla reportukal nishpaksha sakthikal thammilulla koodikkazhchaykku kaaranamaayi, avar nishpaksha vyakthikalude samrakshanathekkurichu aashankaakularaayi, atharam sambhavangal sariyaaya limayil anuvadikkillennu nigamanatthiletthiya memmoraandam oof talene enna prameyathil oppuvachu. chilian sainyam baranco, corrillos, miraflorukal ennivayil cheythathupole nagaram nasippikkukayum kollayadikkukayum cheythirunnenkil, nireekshana sakthikal thangalude sainika shakti adhinivesha sainyathinethire nagaratthe bombaakramanathinte roopathil upayogikkumaayirunnu. peruvian thalasthaanathe sainika adhinivesham nadathunnathinaayi miraflorasile chilian baarakkukalil nadanna yogangalil, general maanuval backwedano nayatantra corp prathinidikalumaayum admiralmaraya bergas duu pettitt thors, jeey.emm. elakkimarichu.
konsalmaarudeyum videsha admiralukaludeyum samrakshanathil, peruvian thalasthaanathekku chilian sainyathinte praveshanathekkurichu sammathikkunnathinaayi general backwedanoy mayer thammil charchakal aarambhichu. nagaratthile peruviyanmaarum chiliyakkaarum thammilulla poraattam ozhivakkaan torico aadyam mukalil sthithi cheiyunna "siudedela pierola" yude baattarikal niraayudheekarikkaan backwedano abhyarthichu.
luis aastette limayilekkulla praveshana kavaadam.
16-aamm theeyathi njaayarazhcha uchathirinju, kallo luis jerman aastettinte prefect aayirathiladikam sainikarkoppam thuramukhathu ninnu limayilethi. addehathinte sainikar nagaram kollayadikkukayum kollayadikkukayum cheyyumbol aastette peruvian thalasthaanam vittu. athe divasam ratri thanne kuttakrithyam athinte ettavum uyarnna theevrathayiletthi. eee vasthuthaye niravadhi sakshikal cheria vyathiyanangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu
limayil kollayum niyamavirudhathayum.
korillosil ninnu limayilekk madangiyethiya mayer rufino torico, koolikalkkum avarude bisinasukalkkumethire chitharikkidakkunna peruviyanmaar nadatthiya athikramangal nerittu, addeham videsha nayatantra senaye ariyichu.
nagaratthil, kallaavoyil ninnulla pirichuvidappetta reargard peruvian sainikarum miraaflorukalil ninnu pinvaangukayum, pradhaanamaayum chainees koolikalkkethire kolapaathakangalum kollayum nadathukayum cheythu, chilian sainyavumayulla sahakaranathin prathikaaramaayi, ikwik uparodham polulla peruvinethiraaya pankaalitthatthinte falamaayi vanchana manassilakkukayum cheythu. chainees koolikalkkethiraaya karuthavargakkaarudeyum peruvian montonorosukaludeyum aakramanangalum kolapaathakangalum thudarnnulla maasangalil calavo, kaanett, sero azul ennividangalil thudarnnu; yudhathinte avasaanathil 4,000 muthal 5,000 vare chainees aalukal marichu. peruvian nottukal sweekarikkaan visammathicha chainees vyaapaarikalkkethireyum akramanangal nadannu.
oru koottam chainees koolikal chilian senaykk nalkia pinthunayude prathikaranamaayaan eee kolla nadannathu. nagaram pidichedukkunnathinulla soukaryapradamaaya vazhikale soochippikkunna limayile cooley chaaranmar chiliyakkaarkk vivarangal nalkiyathaayi oru kimvadanti parannu; ennirunnaalum, randaamathethu theliyikkappettittilla. peruvian reserve sainyam miraflorasil thante sthaanam etteduthappol, sivil gardineppolum munnilekku ayachathinaal, atharam athikramangal nadakkunnathinu oru thuranna maithanam avasheshichirunnathinaal, limaykk oru kaavalkkaaran avasheshichirunnu.
eee amithamaya pravrithikal thadayunnathinum mattullava thadayunnathinum mayer torico dursena doock fayar cheef shree. nagaratthe samrakshikkanum chitharikkidakkunna peruvian kollakkaare niraayudharaayi nirthaanum lakshyamitulla "roma", "france", "britanica victoria" ennee kambanikalilppetta videsha agnishamana senaamgangal ulppedunna oru "arban gaard" roopeekarikkunnathinaayi champiox, chainees, videsha vyaapaarikale akramikkukayum avarude kadakal akramikkukayum cheythu. videsha "arban gaard" peruvian thalasthaanathu kramam punasthaapikkukayum eee pravarthanatthinaayi "lima sosaittiyile sthreekal" athe varsham gaardile amgangale oru medel kondu alankarikkukayum cheythu.
lima adhiniveshathinidayile sambhavangal.
general maanuval backwedano chiliyilekku madangiyethiya sesham, janaralmaraya cornelio savedra pedro lagozin nagaram bharikkan vittu; 1881 meyy 17 nuu chilian sarkkar kaundar admiral patricio linchine armi oof ooppareshansinte commandera peruvinte rashtreeya medaaviyaayum niyamichu.
limayude adhiniveshakaalathu, chilian sainika adhikaarikal peruvian pothu kettidangal kollayadikkukayum pazhaya saan marcos sarvakalashaalayeyum aduthide udghaadanam cheytha palassio dii laa exposione oru baarakkukalayi maattukayum medical skoolukalilum mattu vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangalilum raid nadathukayum nagaratthe alankaricha smaarakangaludeyum kalaasrishtikaludeyum oru parambara kondupookukayum cheythu.
1881 march 10 nuu chilian sainyam niravadhi pradhana saamskaarika kendrangal kaivashappeduthaan thudangi saan marcos sarvakalashaala, gwadeloop koleju, kolajiyo saan carlos, school oof enchineeyarmaar, school oof art, naashanal milittari school, stettu printing soukaryam, exposition palas, botanical gardens, school oof mining, school oof medisin. chilian sainyam limayile peruvian deseeya libraryude ulladakkangal kollayadikkukayum aayirakkanakkin pusthakangal (noottaandukal pazhakkamulla yadhaartha spanish, peruvian, colonial pusthakangal ulppede) santiago dii chiliyilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. chili sarvakalashaalayil domico, diego baros arana enniva kathikkaan motham 103 valia pettikalum 80 paazhsalukalum ayachathaayi chilian sainyam rekhappeduthi. 1881 augustil, republic oof chiliyude audyogika jenalil "peruvil ninnu konduvanna pusthakangalude pattika" enna peril oru saadhanasaamagrikal prasidheekarichu. chiliyilekkulla vazhiyil, kooduthal pradhanappetta chilian aayudhangalkk idam nalkunnathinaayi libraryil ninnulla vividha grandhangal swakaarya collectormark nashtappettu. adhiniveshathinushesham deseeya libraryude director ricardo palma niyamithanaayappol 56,000 pusthakangalil 378 ennam maathrame avasheshikkunnulloovennu addeham kandethi. 2007 novemberil chili sarkkar 3,778 pusthakangal peruvinte deseeya libraric thirike nalki.
prathirodham.
peruvian prathirodham moonnu varsham koodi thudarnnu. prathirodhatthinte nethaavu general andrez casarus aayirunnu ("aandisinte warlock" ennu vilipperulla), addeham pinneedu peruvinte presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu. addehathinte neethrthwathil, indian "montonerous" upayogichu uyarnna peruvian milishya senakal markawale, kansepsiyoon, saan pablo thudangiya cheria yudhangalil chilian sainyathin nere niravadhi vedanaajanakamaaya praharangal nadatthi, 1882 ll kenal estaanislaavo dell kaantoyude divisione limayilekk madangaan nirbandhitharaakki. ennirunnaalum, 1883 juulai 10 nuu humachukkoyil kenal alejandro gorostiyaaga kaasarasine paraajayappeduthi. eee yudhathinu sesham, kooduthal prathirodham undaayirunnilla. oduvil, 1883 october 20 nuu, peruvum chilyum aankon udambadiyil oppuvachu, athiloode peruvinte tarapaka pravishya vijayikalkk vittukoduthu; athinte bhaagathuninnu, aantofagaasta vittukodukkaan bolivia nirbandhithamaayi.
chiliyile swaadheenam.
lima chili adhiniveshathinushesham thekk maappuche prathirodhatthe thakarkkanulla yudhashramangalude oru bhagam vazhithirichuvittu. peruvil ninnu vanna chilian sainyam araukkaaniyayil praveshichu, avide avar 1881 ll avasaanathe pradhana maappuche kalaapathe paraajayappeduthi.
limayude adhinivesham poortthiyaaya sesham chilian pathrangal angeyattam desasnehaparavum vamsheeyavumaaya vipuleekaranaparamaaya karyangal prasidheekarichu. peruvil ninnu labhikkuna thokkukal peruvian "fags" () nte kaikalil upayogashoonyamaanenkilum chiliyakkaarkk "indiakkaare (maappuchukal) kollan" upayogapradamaakumennu ezhuthiya "rivista dell surr" aanu eee pathrapravartthanatthinte angeyattatthe udaaharanam.
paattagoniyayil anukoolamaaya athirthi sthaapikkaan arjanteena chiliyude samgharsham muthaleduthappol, limayile vijayam chili adhikaarathilaanennu kaanichathinu sesham 1881 leeii athirthi udambadiyil oppuvaykkaan chilian nayathanthram sammathichu. angane, durbalav prasnakaravumaaya chiliyumaayi charcha cheyyaanulla arjanteenayude padhathikal peruvil chili sainika shakti prakadippichathode bhaagikamaayi marannu.

