
goralukal

goralukal (; goral bhasha "goraul"; seasin saileshyan "goraul"), highlandezhs ennum ariyappedunnu (polandil poolish highlandezhs), praadhamikamaayi thekkan polandile parambaraagatha pradeshathum vadakkan slovakiayilum check republicile seasin saileshya mekhalayilum kaanapedunna oru thaddesheeya vamseeya allengil vamseeya grouppaanu, avide avaa saileshyan goralukal ennariyappedunnu. padinjaaran ukrainileyum vadakkan romaniayileyum bukovina pradeshathum vadakke amerikkayile poolish highlandezhs sakhyathinte aasthaanamaaya chikkagoyilum ganyamaaya goral pravaasikalund.
charithram.
panthrandaam noottaandil vlatch idayanmaar eee pradeshathekku kudiyeri, kramena balcan upadveepil ninnu vadakkupadinjaraayi carpathian parvathanirakk mukaliloode neengukayum avide poolish bhoomiyil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu. 16, 17 noottaandukalil goralukal upper kisuka, oraava nadikal, akkaalat hungery raajyathinte bhagamaayirunna slovakiayile vadakkan spisinte oru bhagam enniva sthaapichu. pathonpathaam noottaandil, 1803num 1819num idayil goralukal bukovinayilekku kudiyeri.
vlack niyamam ulppedeyulla praadeshika aanukoolyangalum avakashangalum kaaranam goralukal adimathathil ninnu swaathanthryam aaswadikkukayum valia thothilulla svayambharanaavakaasham nedukayum cheythu. 1651-ll podele goralukalum praadeshika karshakarum poolish prabhukkanmarkkethire ("slaachtha") kalapam nadatthi, ithu sahasikanum poolish armi captanumaaya alexander koostka napierskyile udyogasthanum nayicha koostka-napiersky kalaapamaayi maari. 1956ll kalapathekkurichu oru chithram nirmmikkukayum kizhakkan blokkiludaneelam niravadhi bhashakalil vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythu. 1669ll goralukalum praadeshika karshakarum uyarnna nikuthikalkkum prabhukkanmaar thangalkk mail chumathiya adichamarthal bharanathinum ethire kalapam nadathiyappol podaleyil randaamathe karshaka kalapam nadannu. vojsiyechu boguslavsky rachicha aadyathe poolish deseeya ooppara 1794 ll pradharshippichu.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu naasi jarmmani goralukale jarmmanvalkkarikkaanum punaradhivasa padhathikalil ulppeduthaanum shramichu. naasi vamseeya niyamangal prakaram, polandile janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum nyoonapakshangalum "abhikaamyamallaatha" vaayi kaanappedukayum prathyeka niyamangal, adimavela, police niyamam ennivaykku vidheyamaakukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, naasi vamseeya sidhaanthakar 27,000 sakthamaaya goral janasamkhyaye dhruvangalil ninnu oru prathyeka vamseeya vibhaagamaayi kanakkakki. avare "grettar jarmman vamsha" thinte bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkukayum mattu dhruvangalil ninnu prathyeka (soumyamaaya) chikitsa nalkukayum cheythu.<riff namam = "podhale24.pl"> </riff>
janasamkhya.
polandu, slovakia, check republic ennivaykkidayil vibhajikkapetta "goral lands" (goral "goralsijno", polisha "goralsijna") ennu koottaayi vilikkappedunna niravadhi pradeshangalil goralukal vasikkunnu. polandil, eee samooham tatra parvathanirakalile podaale enna bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradeshathum beskidukalude chila bhagangalilum (seasin saileshya, saileshyan beskidukal, saivik beskidukal) vasikkunnu. 1945 nuu sesham, bukovina, podhaale pradeshangalil ninnulla chila goralukal central sudettu parvathanirakalile krajanov, serney booar, borona thudangiya gramangalilum lubus voyododshippile slotnik, bresnica, lubomishel ennividangalilum puthiya veedukal kandethi.
innathe slovakyayil avar 4 vyathyastha grouppukalaayi thamasikkunnu vadakkan spis (34 gramangal rund grouppukalaayi vibhajichirikkunnu), oraava, kaisus (2 gramangal), vadakkan slovakiayile mattu 7 enclave graamangalile cheria grouppukal.
goralukalude pradhana vaasasthalangalil iva ulppedunnu
bhasha.
goralukal samsaarikkunna vividha bhaashaabhedangal proto-indo-europian, vestt slavik, lekkittik, kizhakkan pranaya bhashakalil ninnaan. prathyekichum, podhaale bhasha ennu vilikkappedunna podhaale bhasha poolish uthbhavamullathaanengilum sameepa noottaandukalil slovac bhasha athine aazhathil swaadheenichittundu. ithu kuranja poolish bhasha klasttarinte oru upavibhagamaanu. polishinu purame, carpathian mekhalayile mattu bhashakalil kognettukalulla anischithamaaya uthbhavamulla chila padasanchayavum eee bhashayil adangiyirikkunnu.
podhaale ettavum prashasthamaaya pradeshamaayathinaal podhaale bhasha "yadhaartha" staanderd saahitya goral bhaashayaan. ennirunnaalum, bhooribhaagam goraalukalum adutha bandhamullah bhaashaabhedangal samsaarikkunnu. goralukal avarude bhaashaabhedangal thammil apoorvvamaayi maathrame verthirikkunnulloo, avare "gorolsky" ennu vilikkuka.
goralukal samsaarikkunna poolish bhaashaabhedangal kizhakk carpathian malayorakkar samsaarikkunna ayal bhashakalumaayi, prathyekichu hutsell, lemcos, boicos ennivayude rusin bhashayumaayi bhashaaparamaaya savisheshathakal pankidunnu.
masursenic samanamaaya oru shabdashaasthra savisheshathayaaya jablongovani chila saileshyan bhaashaabhedangalil kaanapedunnu. 14-aamm noottaandileyum 15-aamm noottaandileyum paalattal vyanjanakshara uchaarana savisheshathakal ("podhaale archisms" ennu vilikkunnu) podhaale bhashayil samrakshikkappettittund. keey. podhaale bhashayil romanian, albanian (1938) ennee bhashakalil ninnulla kadamedutha vaakkukalum samanamaaya vishwaasa samvidaana gadakangalum samgeethavum bhauthika samskaaravum undennu dobroslovsky vaadichu.
deseeya swathuam.
innu mikka goralukalkkum, deseeyathayumaayi avarude svayam thirichariyalil nirnnayaka ghadakam vamsheeyamalla, marichu praadesikamaanu. udaaharanathinu, poolish samsthaanathil pettavarenna deerghakaala paarambaryamulla pradeshangalil thamasikkunnavar svayam poolish aanennu thirichariyumbol slovakyayil thamasikkunnavar athirthiyude iruvashathumulla eee niyamathinu sradheyamaaya apavaadangalode svayam slovakkukalaayi thiricharinju. goral bhaashayude uthbhavam poolish aanenkilum, slovakiayileyum check republicileyum goralukalude bhasha kramena maarukayum athath raajyangalile saahitya nilavaravumaayi kooduthal saamyamullathayi maarukayum cheiyunnu. check republicile saileshyan goralukal deseeya thalatthil dhruvangalayi svayam thirichariyukayum check republicile poolish nyoonapakshatthile amgangalaanennum ithu avarude vargeeya pravartthanatthiloode theliyikkappedunnu jablunkovil nadakkunna vaarshika gololsky svioto utsavam oru praadeshika poolish goral paarambaryatthinte pradarshanamaanu, ithu pasco (poolish saamskaarika, vidyaabhyaasa union) samghadippikkunnu. eee goral utsavam trans-oolsayile poolish deseeyatha grouppinte paarambaryangal samrakshikkunnu. trans-oolsayile ettavum valia saamskaarika, naadodi uthsavamaanith, oro divasavum aayirakkanakkin kaanikale samghadippikkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, pradeshathe oru munisippaalittiyilum dhruvangal bhooripakshamalla, chila praadeshika goralukal deseeya thalatthil chekkukal ennu svayam thirichariyunnu. eee kaaryatthil, bhooribhaagam pouranmaarum check deseeyatha prakhyaapikkunna harsawa graamam (check republicile randaamathe kizhakke graamam) sradhikkaavunnathaanu. eee graamatthil dhruvangal 2 sathamaanam nyoonapakshamaanu. praadeshika goralukal munkaalangalil bhooripakshamaayi (thaddesheeya janathayayi) roopappettu. dainamdina ashayavinimayathil avar praadeshika seasin saileshyan bhasha samsaarikkunnu.
charitraparamaayi, avarude vamseeya swathuathinte prashnam vivaadaparavum polandum checoslovakia avakaashavaadangalkkum ethir avakaashavaadangalkkum kaaranamaayittund. madhya europile mattu pala karshaka samoohangaleyum pole goralukalum 19-aamm noottaandilum 20-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathilum deseeya-samsthaana samvidaanathinullil avarude swantham vamseeya swathuangal nirnnayichu. deseeyavaada pracharanam dhruvangalum slovaakkukalum srishtichathaanenkilum, 1924ll athirthi anthimamaakumbol goralukale oru deseeyathayumaayi thirichariyunna eee prakriya poorthiyaayittilla. oru sradheyamaaya udaaharanam 1919leeii paarees samadhana sammelanathil pankeduttha lendakkil ninnulla jabonga, oraava, piottar borovi, oraava, spis ennividangalil janicha purohithanaaya ferdinand mache, 1919leeii paarees samadhana sammelanathil pankeduttha lendakkil ninnulla vojsiyechu halsin, vyakthiparamaaya sadassil, ningale lobby cheythu.ezz. president vudro vilson eee bhoomiyil polandilekku oppidum.
nilavil, gauravapoornamaaya samskaarathinum swathuathinum vendiyulla deseeya punarujjeevanam nadannukondirikkukayaan. slovakyayil goralukalkku svayambharana amgeekaaram labhikkuna prakriyayilaanu.
goralukalkku vlaachukaludeyum anubandha grouppukaludeyum (udha.jii. moravian vlax), avaril ninnaan avaa uthbhavichathenn vaadikkappedunnu. calton ezz. annu polandinte thekkukizhakkan moolayilum ippol thekkupadinjaaran ukrainilum thaamasichirunna kudilukalumaayi koonn goralukale tharamthirichu. pathonpathaam noottaandil poolish pandithanmaar goralukale bhaashaaparamaayi dhruvangalodu aduthaanengilum slovac naadodi samskaaravumaayi adutha bandhamullavayayi kandu. goralukalude saamoohikavum saambathikavumaaya jeevitam vlack sheppered samskaaravumaayi saamyamullathaanennu sradhikkappettu.
samskaaram.
vaasthuvidya.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil sthaapithamaaya sacopane shailiyilulla vaasthuvidya oru gambheera paarambaryamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. kaarpaathiyanmaarude praadeshika vaasthuvidyayilum praadeshika vaasthuvidyayilum adhishtithamaaya eee vasthuvidyaa shaili podhaale mekhalayil vyaapakamaanu.
samgeetham.
sacopaneyil ninnulla oru janapriya naadodi-poppu sangeetha grouppaanu sacopower. sacopaneyil ninnulla trebany-tutki naadodi sangeetha samgham parambaraagatha goral samgeethathe reggiyumaayi samyojippikkunnu.
naadodi vasthram.
kankuru.
noottaandukalaayi parambaraagatha vasthradhaaranathinte oru pradhana gadakamaanu claspukal. aadyam sharttukal kettunnathinu upayogichirunna avaa buttonukal janapriyamaayappol upayogashoonyamaayi, aabharanangalaayi maathram avasheshichu. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil avaa apoorvamaayirunnu, muthirnnavarum cheruppakkaarumaaya idayanmaar maathrame parvatha mechilppurangalil avarude aadukale meyikkaarulloo. 1920kalilum 1930kalilum avaa shekharanavasthukkalaayi kanakkakkappedukayum vinodasanchaarikal avaye anweshikkukayum cheythu. sacopaneyil, avaa palappozhum "kucha" (outerware), svettarukal allengil idaykkide thukal baagukalil aabharanangalaayi dharichirunnu. innu podhaale mekhalayil ninnulla malayora pradeshangalile oru janapriya gadakamaanu eee pattakal, ennaal avaa dharikkunna reethi yadhaarthathil ninnu vyathyasthamaan sharttukal kettunnathinupakaram avaa saadhaaranayaayi avayil gadippikkukayo thayyal cheiyukayo cheiyunnu.
"parsenica" (embroidery).
parsenica embroidery pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil aarambikkunnu. thudakkathil, avaa lalithamaaya string looppukalayirunnu, ithu thuni trouserukalkku munnil murivukal shakthippeduthaan upayogikkunnu. avaykku praayogika pravarthanangalundaayirunnu, koodaathe thuni pottunnathil ninnu samrakshikkukayum cheythu. chuvapp allengil nevi blue string upayogikkaan thudangiya thayyalkkaaril ninnaan aadhunika roopam "parsenica" labhichathu, ithu looppukalude ennam vardhippikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu applicay roopakalppanaykku pakaram embroidery sthaapichu. kambili nool upayogikkunnathu parsenica kooduthal varnnaabhamaakkaan anuvadikkukayum oduvil kazhivulla thayyalkkaarum embroiderukalum vikasippichedutha oru otappetta trouser alankaaramaayi maarukayum cheythu.
coursettukal.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil, thistalinteyum edelweisinteyum chithreekaranangal upayogichu coursettukal alankarikkunnathu podhaale mekhalayil faashanalaayi maari. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil eee roopangal ettavum janapriyamaayirunnu. krakov stail" faashanilekku vannappol, podhaale mekhalayile malayora pradeshakkaar thilangunna seekvinukalum glass muthukalum upayogichu korsettukale alankarikkaan thudangi.
matoraal.
seasin saileshyayilum vadakkan slovakkiyayilum idayante kodathiyum naadodi vasthradhaaranathinte gadakangalum "vlatch" (,) ennu vilikkunnu.
vaarsoyile naashanal museum oof ethnography, sacopaneyile tatra museum, cracovile ethnographic museum, sivik sitti museum ennividangalil goral naadodi vasthrangal kaanam.
matham.
mikka goralukalum roman catholica sabhayude anuyaayikalaan, palappozhum avarude kadutha mathavishwaasathinu perukettavaraanu.
podhaale mekhalayile ettavum pazhaya smaarakamaayathinaal njangalude lady ludsmiyezhsinte vanyajeevi sanketham goralukalkku prathyeka praadhaanyamullathaanu. sabhayumaayi bandhapetta niravadhi aaraadhanakalundu.
goralukalude sradheyamaaya oru bhagam visla pattanatthinu chuttum koottamaayi nilkkunna augsburg kanfeshan lutherance aanu. protestant goralukalude pradhana kendramaaya ithu catholicar nyoonapakshamaaya polandile eaka nagaramaan.