
rasathanthram click cheyyuka

kemikkal synthesisil, click kemistry ennathu lalithavum aattam-ikkanomi prathikaranangalude oru vibhagamaanu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi rund tanmatra gadakangale bandhippikkunnathin upayogikkunnu. click kemistry oru prathyeka prathikaranamalla, marichu prakrithiyile udaaharanagal pinthudarunna uthppannangal srishtikkunnathinulla oru maarggathe vivarikkunnu, ithu cheria modular yoonittukalil cherunnathiloode padaarthangal srishtikkunnu. pala prayogangalilum, click prathikaranangal oru biomoleculilum reporter thanmaathrayilum cherunnu. click rasathanthram jaiva saahacharyangalil maathram othungunnilla chemoproteomic, pharmacological, biomimetic, molecular meshinari aaplikkeshanukalil "click" prathikaranam enna ashayam upayogichittundu. ennirunnaalum, jaiva thanmaathrakalude kandethal, praadeshikavalkkaranam, yogyatha ennivayil avaa shradheyamaayi upayogapradamaakkiyittundu.
click prathikaranangal oru paathratthil sambhavikkunnu, avaa vellathaal thadassappedaathe, kuranjathum moshavumaaya upolppannangal srishtikkunnu, koodaathe "spring-loducheytha" aanu-uyarnna thermodynamic prerakashakthi athinte savisheshatha, athu vegathil uyarnna vilavu nalkunnu, uyarnna prathikarana savisheshathayode (chila sandarbhangalil, regio-steeriyo-specifixity). eee gunangal sankeernamaaya jaiva parithasthithikalile thanmaathrakale verthirikkunnathinum taargettucheyyunnathinu prashnathinu click prathikaranangale prathyekichum anuyojyamaakkunnu. atharam parithasthithikalil, uthppannangal athinanusarichu shaareerikamaayi sthirathayullathum eathenkilum upolppannangal visharahithavumayirikkanam (inn vivo systengalkku).
nirddishtavum niyantrikkaavunnathumaaya bio oorthoogoonal prathikaranangal vikasippicheduthukondu, sankeernamaaya sell laisettukalile prathyeka lakshyangal thattaanulla saadhyatha shaasthranjar thurannukaatti. aduthide, shaasthranjar live cellukalil upayogikkunnathinaayi click kemistry sweekarichu, udaaharanathinu click prathikaranangaliloode lakshyangal kandethukayum avayumaayi bandhippikkukayum cheiyunna cheria molecule probukal upayogikkunnu. koshangalude praveshanakshamatha, bio oorthoganaalitti, pashchaathala labeling, prathikarana karyakshamatha ennivayude velluvilikalkkidayilum, oru puthiya thalamurayile puldaun pareekshanangalil (udaaharanathinu, oru prathyeka nirayumaayi bandhippikkunna reporter thanmathrakal upayogichu prathyeka lakshyangal verthirikkaan kazhiyunna), fluorescence spectrometry (athil fluorophore thaalpparyamulla lakshyavumayi bandhippichirikkunnu, koodaathe lakshyam alakkukayum sthithicheyyukayum cheiyunnu) click prathikaranangal ithinakam upayogapradamaanennu theliyikkappettittund. aduthide, biomoleculeukalilum biomoleculeukalilum click reaction pankaalikale ulppeduthunnathinu puthiya reethikal upayogichu, reactive grouppukal adangiya prakrithiviruddha amino aasidukal proteinukalaayi ulppeduthunnathum nucleodideukalude parishkkaranavum ulppede. eee saankethikavidyakal kemikkal biology mekhalayude oru bhaagathe prathinidheekarikkunnu, athil manahpoorvvam prathyekamaayi modular unitukale vividha attangalilekku bandhippikkunnathiloode click kemistry oru adisthaana punk vahikkunnu.
click kemistry" enna padam keey aanu srishtichathu. 1998-ll sharpless aaya baariye aadyamaayi poornnamaayum vivarichathu sharpless aaya hartmuth sii aanu. colb, emm.jii. 2001ll scrips research instittyoottil ninnulla phiin. 2022ll rasathanthrathinulla nobal sammanam carolin aarr. bertosy, morten pii. meldel, keey. baari sharpless, "click kemistriyudeyum bio oorthoogoonal kemistriyudeyum vikasanathinaayi". 
pashchaathalam.
bioconjugation ennu vilikkunna oru prakriyaya oru prathyeka biomoleculumaayi oru probe allengil thaalpparyamulla substrate attaachucheyyunnathinu oru reethiyaanu click kemistry. fluoroforukalum mattu reporter thanmaathrakalum bandhippikkanulla saadhyatha pazhayathum puthiyathumaaya jaiva thanmaathrakale thirichariyunnathinum kandethunnathinum swabhaavasavisheshathakal nalkunnathinumulla valare sakthamaaya upakaranamaayi click kemistry maatti.
bayokonjugeshanile aadyathethum pradhaanappettathumaaya reethikalil onnu oru reportere thaalpparyamulla oru biomoleculinte athe thuranna vaayana chattakkoodil prakadippikkuka ennathaayirunnu. prathyekichu, green fluorescent protein (jii. eph. pii) pala proteinukaludeyum enn-allengil sii-terminasil eee reethiyil aadyam prakadippikkappettu (ippozhum). ennirunnaalum, eee sameepanam niravadhi budhimuttukalumaayaanu varunnath. udaaharanathinu, jii. eph. pii valare valia yoonittaan, ithu palappozhum thaalpparyamulla proteente madakkine badhikkum. koodaathe, eathenkilum terminasil prakadippikkunnathiloode, jii. eph. pii. adakt aavasyamulla proteente targettingineyum expression badhikkum. avasaanamaayi, eee reethi upayogichu, gfp proteinukalumaayi maathrame bandhippikkaan kazhiyoo, vivarthananantharamalla, mattu pradhana biomolecular klaasukal (nucleic aasidukal, lipidukal, carbohydrateukal muthalaayava) avasheshikkunnu.) athicheraanaakaatha avasthayil.
eee velluvilikale marikadakkaan, rasathanthranjar bio oorthoganal prathikarana pankaalikalude jodikale thiricharinju munnott pookaan theerumaanichu, angane cheria exogenous thanmaathrakale biomolecular probukalaayi upayogikkaan anuvadikkunnu. reporter thanmatra lakshyavumayi bandhippikkumbol oru fluorescence signal nalkunnathinu eee probukalilonnil oru fluorophore gadippikkaan kazhiyum-jii. eph. pii. athu lakshyavumayi prakadippikkumbol fluoreses cheiyunnathupole.
ippol probinte rasathanthrathil ninnu athinte lakshyathilekkulla parimithikal uyarnnuvarunnu. eee saankethikavidya jaiva samvidaanangalil upayogapradamaakunnathinu, klikkucheyyunna rasathanthram jaiva saahacharyangalilo athinadutho pravartthikkukayum, visharahithamaaya upolppannangal kuravaayirikkanam (anuyojyamaayi) uthppaadippikkukayum, ore avasthayil (mungananayode) ekavum sthirathayullathumaaya uthppannangal undaayirikkukayum, oru kalathil uyarnna vilavilekku vegathil neengukayum venam. staadingar ligation, hyusjen 1,3-dipolar cycloload design thudangiya nilavilulla prathikaranangal atharam prathikarana saahacharyangalkkayi parishkkarikkukayum opttimais cheyyukayum cheythittundu. innu, eee mekhalayile gaveshanam puthiya prathikaranangal manasilakkukayum vikasippikkukayum ariyappedunna prathikaranangal punarnirmmikkukayum veendum manassilakkukayum cheyyuka mathramalla, prathikarana pankaalikale jeevajalangalil ulppeduthunnathinu upayogikkunna reethikal vipuleekarikkukayum, noothana prathikarana pankaalikale enchiniyaring cheyyukayum, bayokonjugeshanulla prayogangal vikasippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
manushyaril click kemistry prayojanappeduthunna oru kambaniyaanu biotech kambaniyaaya shaaskhi.
prathikaranangal.
oru prathikaranatthe oru click prathikaranamaayi kanakkaakkunnathin, athu chila savisheshathakal thripthippeduthanam
eee prakriya munganana nalkkum
click kemistry maanadandangalil palathum aathmanishtamaanu, alakkaavunnathum vasthunishtavumaaya maanadandangal amgeekarikkaan kazhiyumenkilum, oro sahacharyathinum prayogatthinum oru prathikaranavum thikanjathaayirikkaan saadhyathayilla. ennirunnaalum, eee aashayathin mattullavayekkaal nannayi yojikkunna niravadhi prathikaranangal kandethiyittundu
chembu (i)-catalised asside-alkine cyclolodition (kwak).
oru asaidinte alkine upayogichulla chembu-uthejippicha prathikaranamaanu classic click prathikaranam, ithu 5 anga hetteroaattam ring roopappeduthunnu oru kyu (aii)-catalised asside-alkine cycloload design (cuevac). diethyl asattilainidi carboxylate, fainyl asside ennivayil ninnulla aadyathe triasol synthesis 1893 ll arther maikkal report cheythu. pinneedu, irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathil, 1,3-dvidhruva cyclolodsitionukalude eee kudumbam rolph hyoosjante peru sweekarichu.
hyusjen 1,3-dvidhruva cycloload designte chembu (i)-catalis oresamayam swathanthramaayum valery vii grouppukal kandethi. fockin & keey. kaaliforniyayile scrips research instittyoottil sharpless aaya barry denmarkile calsberg laborattariyile morten meldel. eee prathikaranatthinte chembu-catalised pathipp 1,4-isomer maathrame nalkunnulloo, athesamayam hyoosjante noonn-catalised 1,3-dipolar cycloload design 1,4-umm 1,5-umm isomerukal nalkunnu, ithu mandagathiyilullathum 100 digri selshyas thaapanila aavasyamullathumaanu.
koodaathe, eee chembu-catalised "click" lohathil ligandukal aavasyamilla, ennirunnaalum vividha pakarakkarumaayi triss (triasolil) methyl amine ligandukal polulla ligandukal thwarithappeduthunnathu report cheyyukayum jaleeya laayaniyil vijayakaramaayi upayogikkukayum cheythittundu. pii. eph. 3 asid pakarakkaranumaayi staadingar ligation kaaranamaakumenkilum pii. eph. 3, tbia thudangiya mattu ligandukalum upayogikkaam. ooshmaavil vellathil ulla kyu2oyum 91 sathamaanam vilavu nalkikkond 15 minittinullil ithe prathikaranatthe uthejippikkunnathaayi kandethi.
nirddeshikkappetta aadyathe prathikarana samvidaanathil oru kaattalatik chembu aattam ulppedunnu; ennaal isotope, kainettik, mattu padanangal enniva oru dicoper samvidaanam kooduthal prasakthamaayirikkaamenn soochippikkunnu. eee prathikaranam jaiva saahacharyangalil phalapradamaayi munnott pookunnundengilum, eee alavilulla chembu cytotoxic aanu. kaattalisttinte kosha nuzhanjukayattam vardhippikkunnathinum athuvazhi aavashyamaaya alavu kuraykkunnathinum chembil vellathil layikkunna ligandukal upayogikkunnathu allengil kyu (aii) yude phalapradamaaya saandrata kooduthal vardhippikkunnathinum athuvazhi yadhaartha alavu kuraykkunnathinum cheletting ligandukal upayogikkunnathu polulla eee prashnathinulla pariharangal avatharippichittundu.
peptidotriyaasolukalu sinthasisinaayi meldel sahapravarthakarum aanu kyoo (aii)-catalised veriyant aadyamaayi report cheythathenkilum, prathikaranatthinte muzhuvan vyapthiyum kandethaan avarkk kooduthal samayam aavashyamaayirunnu, pothuve kooduthal amgeekarikkappetta moorchayillaathavar avaye marikadannu. mukhyadharaa raasasamooham avarude kandethaline valia thothil avaganikkaan kaaranamaaya eee prathikarana tharam "click kemistry" ennu label cheyyaruthennu meldel sahapravarthakarum theerumaanichu. vaividhyamaarnna nirmmaana blokkukal thammilulla sahavarthithva bandhangal srishtikkunnathine aashrayichirikkunna jaiva synthesis shramangalkk abhoothapoorvamaaya thiranjeduppu, vishwaasyatha, vyaapthi" enniva vaagdaanam cheiyunna vishwasaneeyamaaya oru kaattalatik prakriyayayi sharpless fockinum swathanthramaayi ithine visheshippichu.
chembinu pakaram ruthenium uthejippikkunna samanamaaya ruwak prathikaranam 2005 ll jiya, fockin grouppukal report cheyyukayum 1,5-isomerukalude thiranjeduttha ulppaadanam anuvadikkukayum cheythu.
strain-promoted asside-alkine cyclolodition (spack).
kwak prathikaranatthinte cytotoxisity marikadakkunnathinaayi bertosy group hyoosjante chembu rahita click prathikaranangalilonn vikasippichu. alkine sajeevamakkaan kyu (aii) upayogikkunathinupakaram, alkine oru strain (defoe) yill avatharippikkunnu, athil electron-droying, propargelic, jemm-fluorinukal ring strainumaayi chernnu aalkkaine valareyadhikam asthirappeduthunnu. eee asthiratha prathikarana prerakashakthiyum cycloalkkaininte ring strainil ninnu mochanam nedaanulla aagrahavum vardhippikkunnu.
eee prathikaranam hyusjen 1,3-dvidhruva cycloload design cheiyunna athe samvidaanathil oru samyojitha [3 + 2] cycloload design aayi purogamikkunnu. fluorinukal ozhikeyulla benzene valayangal polulla pakarakkareyum saiklokttainil anuvadikkunnu.
kwaakkinekkaal prathikarana nirakk alpam mandagathiyilaanenkilum, jeevajaalangalile asaidukalekkurichu anweshikkaan eee prathikaranam vijayakaramaayi upayogichu. koodaathe, cycloctainukalude synthesis palappozhum kuranja vilavu nalkunnathinaal, eee prathikaranatthinulla probe vikasanam mattu prathikaranangaleppole vegathilalla. ennaal diapho, dibencycloctoctine (diabo), bayaarilaasaasiklokton (barak) thudangiya saiklokttain derivateevukal ellaam speak prathikaranatthil vijayakaramaayi upayogichu.
strain-promoted alkine-naitron cyclolodition (spank).
dibensylsicloctine (diabo) ulppedeyulla dayaril-strained-cycloctines strain-promot cheytha alkine-naitron cyclolodtionukalil (spank) 1,3-nitronukalumaayi prathipravartthichu enn-alchylated isoxaasolinukal nalkaan upayogichittundu.
eee prathikaranam loharahithamayathinaal athivega gathikolppaadanathiloode (k2,601/millimeter vegathayil, kwak allengil spack ennivayekkaal vegathil) thalsamaya sell labelinginaayi spank upayogikkaam. koodaathe, naitron dvidhruvathile kaarban, naitrajan aattangalkkum asyclic, endocyclic naitronukalkkum pakaramaayi upayogikkaavunnavayellam sahikkappedunnu. eee valia alavans naitron handle allengil probe incorporation ennivaykku dhaaraalam vazhakkam nalkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, isoxazoline uthppannam kwaakkinteyum spaakkinteyum triasol uthppannatheppole sthirathayullathalla, koodaathe jaiva saahacharyangalil punakrameekaranangalkk vidheyamaakaam. pariganikkathe, eee prathikaranam ippozhum valare upayogapradamaanu, kaaranam ithinu athivega prathikarana chalanaathmakathayund.
eee prathikaranatthinte prayogangalil serin adangiya proteinukal aadyathe avashishtamaayi label cheiyunnathu ulppedunnu serin nayo 4 upayogichu aldehydayi ooksidais cheyyukayum pinneedu pii-methoxybensenethyol, enn-methylhydroxylamine, pii-ansidine enniva upayogichu nitronaayi parivartthanam cheyyukayum oduvil cycloctine upayogichu incubate cheyth oru click uthppannam nalkukayum cheiyunnu. multiplexes labeling spank anuvadikkunnu.
strained aalkkeenukalude prathikaranangal.
strain cheytha alkeenukal klikkucheyyunna prathikaranangalil pankedukkaan anuvadikkunna oru prerakashakthiyaayi strain-refine upayogikkunnu. trans-cycloalkkeenukalum (saadhaaranayaayi cyclocteenukal) oxenorbornadian polulla mattu strained aalkkinukalum asideukal, tetraasainukal, tetrasolukal ennivayulppede niravadhi pankaalikalumaayi click prathikaranangalil prathikarikkunnu. eee prathikarana pankaalikalkk strain cheytha aalkkeenumaayi prathyekamaayi samvadikkaan kazhiyum, lipidukal, phaatti aasidukal, coffactorukal, mattu prakrithi uthppannangal ennivayil kaanapedunna bio oorthoganal muthal endogenous alkeenukal vare nilanirthaan kazhiyum.
alkeen asside [3 + 2] cycloload cheyyal.
oxenorbornadian (allengil mattoru sajeeva alkeen) asaidukalumaayi prathipravartthikkukayum oru ulppannamaayi triasolukal nalkukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee uthppanna triasolukal kwak allengil spack prathikaranangalil aayathinal sugandhamullavayalla, thalphalamaayi avaa athra sthirathayullavayalla. oxanobornadiyinile sajeevamaaya eratta boond oru triasoline intermediat undaakkunnu, athu pinneedu swamedhayaa oru retro dials-alder prathikaranatthinu vidheyamaakukayum furan purathuvidukayum 1,2,3-allengil 1,4,5-triasolukal nalkukayum cheiyunnu. eee prathikaranam mandagathiyilaanenkilum, oxabornodine samanvayippikkaan thaarathamyena lalithamayathinaal ithu upayogapradamaanu. ennirunnaalum, prathikaranam poornnamaayum chemoselective allah.
alkeen tetrassin vipareeta-demand dials-alder.
strain cheytha cyclocteenukalum mattu activated aalkkeenukalum tetrasainukalumaayi oru invezhs electron-demand dials-alderil prathipravartthikkukayum thudarnnu oru retro [4 + 2] cycloload cheyyappedukayum cheiyunnu (chithram kaanuka). trans-cyclocteeninte mattu prathikaranangaleppole, ring strain release eee prathikaranatthinte prerakashakthiyaan. athinaal, moonnu amgangalum naalu amgangalumulla cycloalkkeenukal, avayude uyarnna ring strain kaaranam, anuyojyamaaya alkeen substrateukal undaakkunnu.
mattu [4 + 2] cyclolodukalkku samaanamaayi, dynophylle electron-donating pakarakkaarum dainile electron-droying pakarakkaarum vipareeta-demand dialukal-alderine thvarithappeduthunnu. adhika naitrajan ullathinaal daine, tetrassin, eee prathikaranatthinu nalla oru daine aanu. sajeevamaaya alkeen aaya dynophile palappozhum taargett moleculukalile electron-donating alkail grouppukalumaayi bandhippikkaan kazhiyum, angane dynophile prathikaranatthinu kooduthal anuyojyamaakkunnu.
alkeen, tetrasol ennivayude "photoclic" prathikaranam.
1960kalude avasaanathil hyusjen aadyamaayi avatharippicha mattoru dvidhruveeya kootticherkkalaanu tetrasol-alkeen "photoclic" prathikaranam (kembiyokem 2007,8,1504. (68) clovis, jeey. ezz.; ekkal, eiii.; hyusjen, aarr.; sustamaan, aarr. kemm. berr. 1967, 100, 60.) 365 enn. emm. (365 koshangale keduvaruthunnilla) ennathil yuvi prakasham upayogichu sajeevamakkaan kazhiyunna amino allengil stairil grouppukalulla tetrasolukal vegathil prathikarikkunnu (athinaal yuvi prakasham deerghaneram, saadhaaranayaayi 1 muthal 4 minitt vare oonaakkendathilla) fluorogenic pyrasoline uthppannangal nirmmikkaan. eee prathikarana padhathi jeevanulla koshangalil label cheiyunnathinaayi nannayi anuyojyamaanu, kaaranam 365 enm ulla yuvi prakasham koshangale ettavum kuranja reethiyil nasippikkunnu. koodaathe, prathikaranam vegathil purogamikkunnu, athinaal yuvi prakasham hraswakaalathekku nalkaan kazhiyum. hraswa tharamgadairkhyamulla yuvi prakaashathinulla kwaandam vilavu 0.50 ll kooduthalaayirikkaam. ithu tetrasolukal mattoru photoligation prathikaranavumayi samyojippichu tharamgadairkhyam thiranjedukkaan anuvadikkunnu, avide hraswa tharamgadairkhyathil tetrasol ligation prathikaranam eathaandu maathramaayi munnott pookukayum dairkhyameriya tharamgadairkhyathil mattoru prathikaranam (oo-quinodymethanese vazhiyulla ligation) prathyekamaayi munnott pookukayum cheiyunnu. avasaanamaayi, noonn-fluorogenic reactantukal oru fluorogenic uthppannathin kaaranamaakunnu, ithu oru antharnirmmitha spectrometry handle upayogichu prathikaranatthe sajjamaakkunnu.
tetrasolukalum alkeen grouppukalum protein handilukalaayi prakrithivirudhamaaya amino aasidukalaayi ulppeduthiyittundile eee gunam savisheshamalla. pakaram, prathikaranatthinte photoinducibility athine jeevita samvidaanangalile speshiyodemboral specificialitic oru pradhana sthaanaarthiyaakkunnu. velluvilikalil endogenous aalkkeenukalude saannidhyam ulppedunnu, ennirunnaalum saadhaaranayaayi sis (phaatti aasidukalilennapole) avaykku sajeevamaaya tetrasolumaayi prathikarikkaan kazhiyum.
saadhyathayulla aaplikkeshanukal.
cheria thanmaathrakalude sellular localisation anweshikkunnathinulla sakthamaaya upakaranamaan click kemistry. koshatthil oru cheria thanmathrakal evidekkaanu pookunnathennu ariyunnathu avayude pravartthana samvidaanangalekkurichu sakthamaaya ulkkaazhcha nalkunnu. eee sameepanam niravadhi padanangalil upayogichittundu, cancer stem cellukalil pheroptosis aarambhikkunnathin salinomycin lysosomukalilekku praadeshikavalkkarikkum maittokondriyayil chembu chelitt cheiyunnathinaayi metformin derivateevukal adinjukoodukayum cheiyunnu (ii), ithu mettabolisatheyum koshajwalana maakrofejukalile epigenetic mattangaleyum badhikkunnu.
click chemistry vaanijya saadhyathakal valare valuthaanu. fluorophore rodamine norborneenil samyojippikkukayum jeevajalangalil tetraasainumaayi prathikarikkukayum cheiyunnu. mattu sandarbhangalil, saiklokttain-modified fluorofore asside-tagg cheytha proteinukalum thammilulla spack sell laisettukalil eee proteinukalude thiranjeduppu anuvadichu.
click reaction pankaalikale sisttangalil ulppeduthunnathinulla reethikal, ex vivo enniva saadhyamaaya prathikaranangalude vyaapthikk sambhavana cheiyunnu. ribosomukal prakrithivirudhamaaya amino assid samyojippichathinte vikasanam eee prakrithivirudhamaaya amino aasidukalil click prathikarana pankaalikale prakrithivirudhamaaya side grouppukalaayi ulppeduthaan anuvadichu. udaaharanathinu, oru asside side groupulla oru yuu. eiii. eiii. eee "aahaa" aswaabhaavika amino assid tagg cheytha proteinukalilekku cycloalkkainukalkku soukaryapradamaaya praveshanam nalkunnu. mattoru udaaharanathil, "cpke" kku oru cyclopropain alfa ulppede oru side group undu, ithu oru amide bondilekku oru vipareeta dials-alder prathikaranatthil tetraasinte prathikarana pankaliyaayi varthikkunnu.
lucepherinte synthesis prathikarana pankaalikale verthirikkunnathinulla mattoru thanthrathinu udaaharanamaanu, ithu apoorvvamaayi sambhavikkunna 1,2-aminothiyol polulla prakrithidatha grouppukale prayojanappedutthuka ennathaanu, ithu oru proteinile avasana enn 'amino aasidaayirikkumbol maathrame prathyakshappedukayulloo. eee tagukalkkaayi prathyekamaaya probukal vikasippikkunnathil avayude swaabhaavika selectivityum aapekshika bio oorthoganaalittiyum moolyavathaayathaanu. fluorescent aaya luciferin nirmmikkaan 1,2-aminothiyolinum 2-sanobensothiolinum idayilaanu melpparanja prathikaranam sambhavikkunnath. eee luciferin fluorescence oru vaashinethudarnnu spectrometry vazhi alakkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe 1,2-aminothiyol vahikkunna thanmaathrayude aapekshika saannidhyam nirnnayikkaan upayogikkunnu. 2, 2 aminothiyol illaatha protein alakkaan aagrahikkunnuvenkil, 2-cbtic irayaakunna enn 'sis ulla oru sakalam nalkaan thaalpparyamulla protein pilartthaam.
adhika aaplikkeshanukalil iva ulppedunnu
kompinettoriyal kemistry, hye-throoput screening, kemikkal librarikal nirmmikkal ennivayumaayi samyojippichu, click kemistry oru multistep sinthasisile oro prathikaranavum vegathilum kaaryakshamamayum pravachikkavunnathaayum maattikkond puthiya marunnu kandethalukal thwarithappeduthi.
saankethika licenses.
scrips research instittyoottinu click-kemistry pettantukalude oru portfoliyoyundu. invitrajan, alosine, ailaron, integrated diagnostics, click kemistry upayogichu nirmmicha uthppannangal vilkkunnathinaayi srishticha basf spin-oof kambaniyaaya biotech kambani enniva licensukalil ulppedunnu. koodaathe, nuclic assid mekhalayude gaveshanathinum diagnostic markkattinum lokamembaadumulla prathyeka licenses undu.
sayandai polulla kambanikalum fluorescent asideukalum aalkkainukalum uthpaadippikkunnu.

