
valia grisseld kyapttan

kyapttan chithrashalabhatthinte (hesperidae kudumbam) oru inamaanu larger grisseld kyapttan (pyrgus alvius). 
vivaranam.
niravadhi upajaathikalekkurich vivarichittulla 22-32 mm (ellaayppozhum prathyekichu "valia" allah) chirakukalulla ithu oru variable speesheesaanu. mikka "pyrgus" enangalilethupole ithinu ilam checker maarjinukalulla irunda thavitt niratthilulla chirakukalundu, vayalil prathyekamaayi thirichariyaan prayaasamaan, ennaal nalla kazhchakal munvashath vyakthavum nannayi akalamulla velutha paadukalum pinbhaagathu valare mangiya adayaalangalum velippeduthunnu.
pyrgus alvius" aginte speeshees complexes. taxonomic veekshanakonil ninnu ithuvare vendathra gaveshanam nadathiyittilla. prathyekichum, "pyrgus alvius, pyrgus trebivisensis", "pyrgus accretus" ennivayude verthiricalum vilayiruthalum angeyattam prashnakaramaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. athinaal, pala kesukalilum, reportukal vyakthamaayi nalkano samuchayathinullile jaiva vyathyaasangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru vargeekarana verthiriv sthireekarikkaano kazhiyilla. pala ezhuthukaarum thalphalamaayi "pyrgus trebevichensis", "pyrgus accretus" ennivaye "pyrgus alvius" ennathinte paryayangal, upajaathikal allengil paaristhithika roopangal enningane kanakkakkunnu. vargeekaranavum thirichariyalum sambandhicha ithuvare pariharikkappedaatha prasnangal kaaranam, sankeernamaaya "pyrgus alvius"/"pyrgus trebivisensis" thaazhe "pyrgus alvius" aag ennu vilikkunnu.
"pyrgus alvius" aag. ithu "pyrgus vaarinensis", "pyrgus armoricanus" ennivaykku samaanamaan. eee rund enangalum ithinakam thanne "pyrgus alvius/pyrgus trebivisensis" ennathumaayi macromorphological vyathyaasangal kaanikkunnu, prathyekichu randaamathethu sharashari valuthaanu. ennirunnaalum, oru jananendria roopaghadana nirnnayikkal shupaarsha cheyyappedunnu, koodaathe vaakyaghadanayulla sambhavangalulla pradeshangalil ithu anivaaryamaan.
paridhi.
speeshees complexes "pyrgus alvius" aag. vadakkupadinjaaran aafrikkayil ninnu iberian upadveepileyum thekkan europileyum (apennainukalum balcan upadveep) parvathangalilum padinjaaran, madhya (thekkan vadakkan jarmman samathalathilekku), kizhakkan europe muthal transbycalia vare vyaapichukidakkunnu. vadakkan europil phennoscandia thekkan bhaagath maathramaan janasamkhya. thekkukizhakk bhaagath eee pradesham anatoliyayil ninnu cocusus vare vyaapichukidakkunnu. denmarkilum grettu brittan, ireland, assorus, baliaric dveepukal, chaanal dveepukal, kaanari dveepukal, kreett, cypress, island muthalaayava ulppede praayogikamaayi ellah europian dveepukalilum ithu illa.
aavaasavyavastha.
speeshees complexes "pyrgus alvius" aginte janasamkhya. franconian joorayude pradhana vitharana pradeshangalile aavaasavyavasthaye prathinidheekarikkunna chunnaambukallu pulmedukalumaayi iva pradhaanamaayum bandhappettirikkunnu. bavarian aalpsile janasamkhya chunnaambukallu pulmedukal, alpine pulmedukal, melinja alpine mechilppurangal ennivayil adhivasikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, middle franconian joorayudeyum danube-izar malambradeshathinteyum thaazhvarakalil manal pulmedukalum praadeshikamaayi adhivasikkunnu. mittelvogtland malayora rajyath silikkett pulmedukalil sambhavangal sthirathaamasamaakki. aalpsile sambhavangal ozhike, saadhaaranayaayi pathivayi meikkappedukayum athinanusarichu hrasvamaaya pullu gadanayullathum ivayellaam mosham sthalangalaanu.
paristhithi.
pyrgus alvius" aginte phenology. bavariayil naalu maasathe kaalayalav ulkkollunnu. ithu bavariayile alpine, extra-alpine pradeshangalkk baadhakamaan, ithu badden-wurtembergile swabian albil ninnu ariyappedunnathupole alpam kuranja samayavumaayi maathrame yojikkunnulloo. meyy pakuthiyode aarambikkunna vimaanathinte kaalavadhi septambar pakuthiyode avasaanikkunnu. deerghakaalathekku emagos nireekshikkaan kazhiyumenkilum, nilavile arivinte avastha anusarichu, "pyrgus alvius" aag. maddhya europil prathivarsham oru thalamura maathrame roopappedunnulloo. kaattarpillarukalude deerghakaala vikasana samayam randaam vaarshika thalamuraykkethireyum samsaarikkunnu. aalpsile vishalamaaya uyarangal kaaranam parakkal samayangal vyathyaasappedunnu.
grabfeldgouvile collin nilayil ninnu ekadesham 300 meter uyarathilum vadakkupadinjaaran bavaariyayile hasberge muthal oolgau hye aalpsile 2100 meter uyarathilulla alpine mekhala vareyum uyaram vyaapichukidakkunnu. recordukalude focus 350 meterinum 500 meterinum idayilaanu, ithu pradhaanamaayum franconian aalbile adhika-alpine sambhavangal moolamaanu. ekadesham 700-2100 meter visthruthiyil vyaapichukidakkunna aalpsile sambhavangal, 1000 meterinum 1400 meterinum edayilulla uyarathe kurachukoodi shradha kendreekarikkunnu.
pyrgus alvius" aginte andotpaadanam. pottanshyilla verna" agilaanu ithu oovu sarvu cheythirikkunnathu. bavariayil "helianthemam numularium". ivide kaattarpillarukale "pottanshyilla verna" agil maathrame kandethiyulloo. swabian alb (badden-wurtemberg), swittsarland ennividangalil ninnu, "healianhemam nummulariyam" maathrame muttayidunna, larva bhakshya sasyamaayi paraamarsikkappedunnulla. turingia, saxony, lover saxony ennivaykku, ennirunnaalum, "pottanshyilla" enangal oviposition allengil hoost sasyangalayi nalkunnu. "pottanshyilla arjantee" aag. saxonyilum manal, silikkett pulmedukalile bavariayilum upayogikkaan saadhyathayulla mattoru bhakshya sasyamaanith. varandathum mosham pulmedukalilum kaanapedunna mattu synquophoyil enangaleyum aathidheya sasyangalayi kanakkaakkanam.
muttakal saadhaaranayaayi aathidheya chediyude elakalude thaazheyum idaykkide mukalilum idunnu. ithinaayi, parukkan kanatha sooryaprakaashavumulla sthalangal thedunnu. saadhaaranayaayi mosinte oru ucharikkappedunna paaliyil spring synquophoyilinte valia thalayanakalum upayogikkunnu. caterpillarukal oru valayilo saadhaarana "pyrgus" ila baagukalilo vasikkunnu, avaa oru moltinu sesham puthuthayi srishtikkappedunnu. pathivayi meyikkunna aathidheya sasyangal pathivayi kaanapedunna aavaasavyavasthakalaanu oru janasamkhyayude munvyavasthakal, avayil kooduthalum aadukalaanu. myoonichinte vadakku bhaagathulla vettunna kuttichedikalaanu ithinu apavaadangal. maruvashathu, alpsil kooduthalum kannukaali mechilppurangalaanu. ettavum kuranja moonnu hector aavaasavyavasthayude valippam swabian albinu kanakkaakkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu ettavum kuranja paridhiyayi kaanam. janasamkhyayude saandrata palappozhum varsham thorum, chilappol valare shakthamayi marikkondirikkunnu. 
pyrgus alvius" aginte rund lingangalum. vipulamaaya pushpa sandarshakarum vividha sasyajalangalil ninnulla thaine valikkunnavarumaan. draavakam agiranam cheyyaan eerppamulla mannum purushanmaar upayogikkunnu. kaattarpillar ghattangalil vividha gattangalilaanu shaithyakaalam nadakkunnathu.
samrakshanam.
pyrgus alvius" aginte janasamkhya. aalpsinte uyarnna uyaram ozhike, valuthum pathivayi meikkappedunnathumaaya pulmedukale aasrayikkunnu. athinaal eee speeshees complexinte samrakshanathinum prolsaahanathinumulla kendra ghadakam attin kannukaali valarthalinte paripaalanamo punarpraveshanamo athupole thanne melinja sthalangalil vipulamaaya kannukaali mechilppuramo aanu. pradhana aavaasavyavasthayaaya chunnaambukallu pulmedukalkku ithu prathyekichum sathyamaan. "pyrgus alvius" aag. mechilppurangalodu valare sahishnuthayullavanaayirikkum uyarnna aavruthiyum kanatha thirachilumulla kooduthal theevramaaya mechilppurathodum svayam sahishnutha kaanikkukayum cheiyunnu. varshathil niravadhi thavana pathivayi meikkappedukayum athinaal hrasvamaaya pullullathum aaya melinja pulmedukalude savisheshatha anukoolamaaya aavasa gadanakalum athinanusarichu sambannamaaya janasamkhyayumaanu. pathittaandukalaayi pathivayi vettivaykkappettathum ennaal meikkappettathumaaya myoonichinte vadakkulla heathukal ithinu apavaadamaanu. janasamkhyayil ithinakam sakthamaaya kuravum cherukida aavaasavyavasthayum ulla pradeshangalil, backie mosham pulmedukal vrithiyaakkal, vrithiyaakkal muthalaayavayiloode valuthaakkendathu aavasyamaanu. thudarnnulla mechil.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
"laattin geyim board."
vargeekaranam.
pyrgus alvius" egg aano ennu anweshikkaan. speeshees complexine molecular biological swabhaavasavisheshathakalaal vishwasaneeyamaayi verthirichariyaan kazhiyum, "dna barcoding" vazhi chithrashalabhangalude saambilukalude anweshanangal aarambhichu. phalangal vaividyamaarnnathum valare adutha bandhamullathumaaya janithaka rekhakalude sankeernamaaya paatten kaanikkunnu. avaa parasparam chuttappettirikkunnu, koodaathe "pyrgus alvius" complexinu purathulla mattu "pyrgus" speesheesukal thammilulla vyathyaasathekkaal pala madangu saamyamullathaan. eee vyathyaasangal jananendria roopaghadana savisheshathakalumaayi parasparabandhithamo bhaagikamaayo maathram bandhappettatho allah. ennirunnaalum, oru anthima vargeekarana moolyanirnayathinu, kooduthal adayaalangalum paleobio geographical vishakalanangalum ulppede vipulamaaya kooduthal padanangal aavasyamaanu.
paryaayapadangal
• "hesperia scandinavicus" straant, 1903
• "hesperia altikola" vimathan, 1909
• "syrichthus balatte" oberther, 1910
• "hesperia centralitaaliya" veritti, 1920
• "hesperia akretta" veritti, 1925
• "hesperia trebevisensis" vaaran, 1926

