
american aikyanaadukalile cheria dveepukalile pakshikalude pattika

ithu american aikyanaadukalile cheria dveepukalile pakshikalude pattikayaanu. baker dweep, houland dweep, jarvis dweep, jonsttan attol, kingman reef, midu way attol, palmyra attol, pasaphik samudrathile wake dweep, caribean kadalile navasa dweep enniva ulppedunnathaanu eee pradesham.
evaykkidayilulla rund pradeshangalilum 236 enangal rekhappeduthiyittundu. avayil 24 ennam navassa dveepilum kuranjathu oru pasaphik samudra gadakathilum rekhappeduthiyittundu, 49 ennam navassa dveepil maathramaan kandethiyathu. 236ll onno rando pradeshangalil apoorvamo aakasmikamo aayavayaan 123 ennam. moonnu enangal thaddesheeyamaanu, onnu vamshanasham sambhavichathaan, rund vamshanasham sambhavichavayaan, onpathu enangal manushyar avatharippichu.
wake ailand reyil wake ailand enna thaddesheeya inamaayirunnu, pakshe athu ippol vamshanasham sambhavichirikkunnu. lessan taaraav vadakkupadinjaaran havaian dveepukalil thaddesheeyamaanu (ithil attol ardhabhaagam ulppedunnu-attol ardhabhaagam yuu. esinte bhagamaanu.ezz. cheria puram dveepukal, havaay samsthaanamalla). thaddesheeyavum gurutharamaaya vamshanaashabheeshani neridunnathumaaya nihova finch attolinte madhyathil ninnu illaathaakki.
eee pattikayude vargeekarana chikitsa (kramangal, kudumbangal, speesheesukal ennivayude padavum kramavum), naamakaranavum (engleeshilum shaasthreeya perukalilum) 2019 pathippile "lokathile pakshikalude clements checklist" aanu.
chila speesheesukale nirddeshikkaan inipparayunna taagukal upayogikkunnu. mattuvidhathil paraamarshichittillenkil, eee inam pasaphik samudra gadakangalil maathrame rekhappeduthiyittulla.
thaaraavukal, vaathakal, jalapakshikal.
kramam anseriformes famili anatidae
thaaraavukalum vaathakal, hamsangal thudangiya thaaraavukal polulla mikka jalapakshikalum anaattideyil ulppedunnu. eee pakshikal valayulla kaalukal, kooduthalo kuravo paranna nottukal, prathyeka ennakal kaaranam vellam choriyunnathil mikacha thoovalukal ennivayulla jalajeevitam sweekarikkunnu.
praavukalum praavukalum.
kramam columbiformes famili columbidae
cheria kazhuthum cheria nerttha nolukalum mamsalamaaya daanyavumulla kattiyulla shareeramulla pakshikalaanu praavukalum praavukalum. vithukal, pazhangal, chedikal enniva avaa bhakshikkunnu. mattu pakshikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, praavukalum praavukalum "crop paal" uthppaadippikkunnu, ithu vilayude paaliyil ninnu draavakam niracha koshangal mandagathiyilaakunnathiloode sravikkappedunnu. rund lingakkaarum kunjungalkku bhakshanam nalkunnathinaayi eee uyarnna poshakasamriddhamaaya padaartham uthpaadippikkunnu.
kuyilukal.
kramam cuculiformes famili cuculidae
cookoos, rooad runner, anis enniva cuculidae kudumbatthil ulppedunnu. nerttha shareeravum neelamulla vaalukalum sakthamaaya kaalukalumulla eee pakshikalkk vyathyastha valippamund.
naitjaarukalum sakhyakakshikalum.
kramam capremalgiformess famili caprimalgidae
saadhaaranayaayi nilathu koodundaakkunna idatharam valippamulla rathrikaala pakshikalaanu naitjaarukal. avaykku neelamulla chirakukalum cheria kaalukalum valare cheria nottukalumundu. mikkavarkkum cheria kaalukalum nadakkaan upayogamillathathum neelamulla chirakukalumullavayaanu. avayude mriduvaaya thoovalukalkk puramtholi allengil elakalodu saamyamulla nigoodamaaya niramaan.
swifts.
kramam caprigliformes famili apodidae
jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum parannuyarunna cheria pakshikalaanu swifts. valare cheria kaalukalulla eee pakshikal orikkalum nilathu swamedhayaa sthirathaamasamaakkunnil, pakaram lamba prathalangalil maathram irikkunnu. pala swifttukalkkum oru chandrakalayo boomerango poleyulla neelamulla thookkiya-pinbhaagathe chirakukalundu.
reyilukal, galinuelukal, koottukal.
kramam gruiformes famili raliday
reyilukal, kraakkukal, koottukal, galinuelukal enniva ulppedunna cheruthum idatharavumaaya pakshikalude oru valia kudumbamaanu raliday. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya kudumbamgangal thadakangal, chathuppukal allengil nadikalkku sameepamulla nananja anthareekshathil idathoornna sasyajaalangal ulkkollunnu. pothuve, avaa lajjayullath rahasyaswabhaavamullathumaaya pakshikalaanu, ithu avaye nireekshikkaan budhimuttaakkunnu. mikka enangalkkum sakthamaaya kaalukalum neelamulla kaalviralukalum undu, avaa mriduvaaya asamamaya prathalangalumayi nannayi poruthappedunnu. avaykku cheruthum vrithaakruthiyilullathumaaya chirakukalundaakukayum avaa durbalamaaya parakkunnavayakukayum cheiyunnu.
stilttukalum avosettukalum.
kramam charadriformes famili recurverostridae
avosettukalum stilttukalum ulppedunna valia pakshikalude oru kudumbamaanu recurverostridae. avosettukalkku neelamulla kaalukalum neelamulla valanja nottukal undu. valare neelamulla kaalukalum neelamullathum nertthathumaaya nottukal stilttukalkkundu.
ploverukalum laapvingukalum.
kramam charadriformes famili charadridae
ploverukal, dottarelukal, lapvingukal enniva charadridae kudumbatthil ulppedunnu. cheruthum idatharavumaaya pakshikalaaya ivaykku othukkamulla shareerabhaagangalum, kattiyulla kazhuthukalum, neelamullathum saadhaaranayaayi chulivullathumaaya chirakukalundu. lokamembaadumulla thuranna rajyangalilaanu iva kaanappedunnath, kooduthalum jalathinaduthulla aavaasavyavasthakalil.
sandpiperukalum sakhyakakshikalum.
kramam charadriformes famili scholopasidae
sandpiperukal, kelvarukal, godvittukal, shaankukal, taatlarukal, wood kokkukal, snippukal, dovicharukal, falaroppukal ennivayulppede cheruthum idatharavumaaya kadaltheera pakshikalude oru valia vaividhyamaarnna kudumbamaanu scholopasidae. eee enangalil bhooribhaagavum cheliyil ninno mannil ninno edukkunna cheria akasherukkale bhakshikkunnu. kaalukaludeyum billukaludeyum vyathyastha neelangal onniladhikam enangale bhakshanathinaayi nerittulla malsaramillaathe, prathyekichu theerathu, ore aavaasavyavasthayil bhakshikkaan prapthamaakkunnu.
skuvakalum jegezhsum.
kramam charadriformes famili stercoraridae
saadhaaranayaayi chaaraniramo thavittuniramo ulla thoovalukalullathum palappozhum chirakukalil velutha adayaalangalullathumaaya idatharam muthal valia pakshikalaanu skuvakal. avaykku kattiyulla agrangalulla neelamulla nottukalum moorchayulla nakhangalulla valayulla kaalukalumund. avaa valia irunda kunchukal pole kaanapedunnu, pakshe mukalile mandiblinu mukalil mamsalamaaya daanyamundu. avar shaktharum acrobatic flyerukalumaanu.
ooks, murse, puffinukal.
kramam charadriformes famili alsiday
karuppum veluppum nirangal, neraaya bhavam, chila sheelangal enniva kaaranam aalsidukal penguinukalumaayi upariplavamaayi saamyamullavayaan. ennirunnaalum, avaa penguinukalumaayi maathram vidooramaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, avaykku parakkaan kazhiyum. ookkukal thurassaaya kadalilaanu thaamasikkunnath, manappoorvvam koodundaakkaan maathrame theerathu athukayulloo.
gulls, terns, skimmerukal.
kramam charadriformes famili lariday
gulls, terns, skimmerukal enniva ulppedunna idatharam muthal valia kadal pakshikalude oru kudumbamaanu lariday. palappozhum thalayilo chirakukalilo karutha adayaalangalulla gulls saadhaaranayaayi chaaraniramo vellayo aanu. avaykku kattiyullathum neelamullathumaaya nottukal, valayulla kaalukal ennivayundu. saadhaaranayaayi chaaraniramo velutha thoovalukalo ullathum palappozhum thalayil karutha adayaalangalullathumaaya idatharam muthal valia kadal pakshikalude oru koottamaanu terns. mikka ternukalum diving vazhi malsyathe vettayaadunnu, ennaal chilath shudhajalathinte uparithalathil ninnu praanikale edukkunnu. 30 varshathiladhikam jeevikkunna niravadhi enangalulla ternukal saadhaaranayaayi deerghakaalam jeevikkunna pakshikalaanu. ushnamekhalaa tern polulla pakshikalude oru cheria kudumbamaanu skimmerukal. avaykku neelamulla thaazhnna mandible undu, athu jala uparithalathinu mukaliloode thaazhekku parannu cheria malsyangalkkaayi vellam skim cheyth bhakshikkaan upayogikkunnu.
tropic pakshikal.
kramam phaethontiformes famili faithontidae
asaadhaaranamaamvidham neelamulla madhya vaalulla ushnamekhalaa samudrangalile nerttha velutha pakshikalaanu tropic bareds. avarude neelamulla chirakukalkk thalaykku karutha adayaalangalundu.
albatrosukal.
kramam procellariformes famili diomedidae
parakkunna pakshikalil ettavum valuthaanu albatrosukal, koodaathe "diomedia" janussile grettu albatrosukalkku nilavilulla eathoru pakshiyekkaalum valia chirakukalundu.
thekkan kodunkaattu-petrolukal.
kramam procellariformes famili ooshiyaanittide
petralukalude bandhukkalaya kodunkaattu-petralukal ettavum cheria kadal pakshikalaanu, planctonic krasteshyanukaleyum uparithalathil ninnu edutha cheria malsyangaleyum bhakshikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi thoongikkidakkumbol. parakkal parannuyarukayum chilappol baatt poleyaakukayum cheiyunnu. 2018 vare, eee enangale hydrobatidae kudumbatthile mattu kodunkaattu-petralukalumaayi ulppeduthiyirunnu.
vadakkan kodunkaattu-petrolukal.
kramam procellariformes famili hydrobatidae
eee kudumbatthile amgangal pala kaaryangalilum thekkan kodunkaattu-petralukalumaayi saamyamullavaraanenkilum, avayude pothuvaaya roopavum sheelangalum ulppede, oru prathyeka kudumbatthil avaye sthaapikkaan mathiyaya janithaka vyathyaasangalund.
shearwaterukalum petralukalum.
kramam procellariformes famili procellaridae
idatharam septavum neelamulla outtar functional primery ulla ikyappetta naasaarandhrangalude savisheshathayaaya idatharam valippathilulla "yadhaartha petralukalude" pradhana grouppaanu procellaridukal.
frigate bareds.
kramam suliformes famili fregatidae
ushnamekhalaa samudrangalil saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunna valia kadal pakshikalaanu frigate bareds. neelamulla chirakukalum aazhathilulla fork cheytha vaalukalumulla avaa valutho karuppo karuppum veluppo aanu. aanthumbikalkku niramulla vaayusanjaaramulla thonda sanjikalundu. avaa neenthukayo nadakkukayo cheiyunnilla, paranna prathalatthil ninnu parakkaan kazhiyilla. eathoru pakshiyudeyum chirakukalkkum sareerabhaarathinum ulla ettavum valia anupaathamulla iva adisthaanaparamaayi aakaashamaan, oraazhchayil kooduthal uyarathil nilkkaan avaykku kazhiyum.
boobikalum gaanattukalum.
kramam suliformes famili suliday
gannattukalum boobikalum ulppedunnathaanu sulidukal. malsyathinaayi mungimarikkunna idatharam valia theeradesha kadal pakshikalaanu rund grouppukalum.
cormorantukal.
kramam suliformes famili falacrocoracidae
saadhaaranayaayi irunda thoovalukalum mukhathu niramulla charmmamulla pradeshangalumulla idatharam muthal valia jalapakshikalaan cormorantukal. nottu neelamullathum nertthathum moorchayullathumaanu. avarude kaalukal naalu kaalukalum valay ullavayaan.
pelicans.
kramam pelecaniformes famili pelecanidae
kokkinadiyil oru prathyeka sanjiyulla valare valia jalapakshikalaan pelikkan. pelecaniformous kramatthile mattu pakshikaleppole avaykkum naalu webbed kaalviralukalund.
heronukal, egrattukal, kayppukal.
kramam pelecaniformes famili ardiday
ardiday kudumbatthil heronukal, egrattukal, kayppukal enniva adangiyirikkunnu. neelamulla kazhuthum kaalukalum ulla idatharam muthal valia vare pakshikalaanu heronukalum egrattukalum. kayppukal saadhaaranayaayi kazhuthu cheruthum kooduthal rahasyaathmakavumaan. kothukukal, ibisukal, spoonbils thudangiya neelamulla kazhuthulla mattu pakshikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, kazhuthu pinvalichukondu ardidayile amgangal parakkunnu.
oospre.
kramam acipitriformes famili pandionidae
malsyam bhakshikkunna erapidiyan pakshikalude oru monotypic kudumbamaanu pandionidae. athinte eaka inathinu valare valuthum shakthavumaya kokku, sakthamaaya kaalukal, sakthamaaya talonukal, theekshnamaaya kaazhchashakthi ennivayundu.
parunthukal, pattangal, kazhukanmaar.
kramam asypitriformes famili acypitridae
parunth, kazhukan, pattam, harrier, pazhaya loka kazhukanmaar enniva ulppedunna erapidiyan pakshikalude oru kudumbamaanu acipitridae. eee pakshikalkk irayil ninnu maamsam keerunnathinaayi valare valia sakthamaaya kokku kokkukal, sakthamaaya kaalukal, sakthamaaya talonukal, theekshnamaaya kazhcha enniva undu.
pashukkal.
kramam strigiformes famili titonidae
titonidae kudumbatthile moongakal valia thalayum hridaya aakruthiyilulla mukhavumulla idatharam muthal valia moongakalaanu.
saadhaarana moongakal.
kramam strigiformes famili strigiday
saadhaarana allengil "yadhaartha" moongakal cheruthum valuthumaaya otappetta rathrikaala erapidiyan pakshikalaanu. avaykku valia munvashathulla annukalum chevikalum parunth polulla kokkum oro kanninum chuttum fasial disk ennu vilikkunna thoovalukalude vyakthamaaya vrithavumundu.
raaja mathsyathozhilaalikal.
kramam corrasiformes famili alsedinidae
valia thalakalum neelamullathum, chulivullathumaaya nottukal, cheria kaalukal, stabi vaalukal ennivayulla idatharam valippamulla pakshikalaanu kingfisherukal.
faalkkanukalum kaarakkaarakalum.
kramam falconiformes famili falconidae
faalkkan, kaarakkara thudangiya dainamdina erapidiyan pakshikalude oru kudumbamaanu falconidae. parunth, kazhukan, pattam ennivayil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya avar avarude talonukalkku pakaram kokku upayogichu kollunnu.
svechaadhipathikalaaya flycatchermaar.
kramam passeriformes famili tyranidae
vadakke amerikkayilum thekke amerikkayilum udaneelam kaanapedunna paaserin pakshikalaanu tairant flycatureukal. avaa upariplavamaayi pazhaya loka flycatureukalumaayi saamyamullavayaanenkilum kooduthal karuthuttathum sakthamaaya billukalullathumaanu. paattukaarude sankeernamaaya shabdaseshi avarkkilla. mikathum, ennaal ellaam allah, valare lalithamaanu. peru soochippikkunnathu pole, mikathum keedabhakshanamaanu.
virose.
kramam passeriformes famili vironidae
puthiya lokathekku parimithappedutthiyirikku cheruthum idatharavumaaya paaserin pakshikalude oru koottamaanu vairokal, ennirunnaalum eee kudumbatthile mattu chila enangal eshyayil kaanapedunnu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi pacha niramullathum avayude bharameriya nottukalkku purame maram kondulla warblerukalodu saamyamullathumaan.
jaise, kakkakal, maagpikal, kakkakal.
kramam passeriformes famili corviday
kakkakal, kakkakal, jaise, chaus, magpis, treapease, natkrakkarukal, graundu jaise enniva corviday kudumbatthil ulppedunnu. paaseriformukalil corvidukal sharashari valippathil kooduthalaanu, chila valia enangal uyarnna thalatthilulla buddhi kaanikkunnu.
larks.
kramam passeriformes famili aloudiday
palappozhum athisayakaramaaya paattukalum pradarshana parakkalukalumulla cheria bhouma pakshikalaanu larkkukal. mikka laarkkukalum kaazhchayil valare mangiyathaanu. praanikalum vithukalumaanu ivayude bhakshanam.
reed warblerukal.
kramam passeriformes famili acrosephalidae
eee kudumbatthile amgangal saadhaaranayaayi "warblerukal" ennathinu valare valuthaanu. mikathum mukalil saadhaarana olivaasiyas thavitt niravum thaazhe manja muthal thavittuniravumaanu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi thuranna vanapradeshangalilo, kokkukaliloo, uyaramulla pullilo kaanapedunnu. eee kudumbam kooduthalum thekk muthal padinjaaran eurasiayilum chuttupaadukalilum kaanapedunnu, ennaal aafrikkayile chila enangalkkoppam pasaphik vare vyaapichukidakkunnu.
swalos martins.
kramam passeriformes famili hirundinidae
hirundinidae kudumbam aakaashabhakshanavumaayi poruthappedunnu. avaykku nerttha streamlined body, neelamulla pooyint chirakukal, vishalamaaya gapulla oru cheria noll ennivayundu. kaalukal nadakkunnathinupakaram perchinginu anuyojyamaanu, munkaalukal adiyil bhaagikamaayi bandhippichirikkunnu.
starlings mynayum.
kramam passeriformes famili sturnidae
cheruthum idatharavumaaya pazhaya kaalukalulla sakthamaaya kaalukalulla loka paaserin pakshikalaanu staarlingukalum mainakalum. avarude parakkal shakthavum nerittullathumaanu, mikathum valare koottaayathaanu. avarkk ishtamulla aavaasavyavastha valare thuranna rajyamaanu, avaa praanikaleyum pazhangaleyum bhakshikkunnu. niravadhi enangalude thoovalukal loha thilakkathode irundathaanu.
mocking berdukalum thrasharukalum.
kramam passeriformes famili mimiday
thrasharukal, mocking bareds, tremblerukal, puthiya loka kyaatt bareds enniva ulppedunna paaserin pakshikalude oru kudumbamaanu mimidukal. eee pakshikal avayude shabdavalkkaranathinu sradheyamaanu, prathyekichu vaividhyamaarnna pakshikaleyum purathu kelkkunna mattu shabdangaleyum anukarikkanulla sradheyamaaya kazhivu. eee inam ivayude roopathil mangiya chaaraniratthilekkum thavitt niratthilekkum neengunnu.
throose.
kramam passeriformes famili turdiday
pradhaanamaayum kaanapedunna, ennaal pazhaya lokathil maathramaayi kaanappedaattha, paaserin pakshikalude oru koottamaanu thrashukal. avaa kattiyullathum mriduvaaya thoovalukalullathum cheruthum idatharavumaaya keedabhukkukalo chilappol sarvvabhakshikalo aanu, palappozhum nilathu bhakshikkunnu. palathilum aakarshakamaaya gaanangalund.
waxbill, munia, sakhyakakshikal.
kramam passeriformes famili estrilididae
eee kudumbatthile amgangal pazhaya loka ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalile thaddesheeyamaaya cheria paaserin pakshikalaanu. avar koottaayavarum palappozhum colonial vithu kazhikkunnavarumanu, cheria kattiyullathum ennaal chulivullathumaaya nottukal. avayellaam ghadanayilum sheelangalilum samaanamaanengilum thoovalukalude nirangalilum paattenukalilum vishalamaaya vyathyaasamund.
pazhaya loka kuruvikal.
kramam passeriformes famili passeridae
pazhaya loka kuruvikal cheria paaserin pakshikalaanu. pothuve, kuruvikal cheria vaalukalum cheria sakthamaaya kokkukalumulla cheria thavittuniramullatho chaaraniratthilullatho aaya pakshikalaanu. kuruvikal vithu bhakshikkunnavayaanenkilum avaa cheria praanikaleyum bhakshikkunnu.
finchukal, euphoniakal, sakhyakakshikal.
kramam passeriformes famili fringilliday
vithu kazhikkunna paaserin pakshikalaanu finchukal, avaa cheruthum mithamaaya valippamullathum sakthamaaya kokkum ullathum saadhaaranayaayi konaakrithiyilullathum chila enangalil valare valuthumaaya pakshikalaanu. ellaavarkkum panthrand wall thoovalukalum ombathu primerykalum undu. eee pakshikalkk adanja chirakukalil marimari thattukayum glide cheyyukayum cheiyunna oru kuthichuchaatta parakkal undu, avayil mikathum nannayi paadunnu.
long spurse manju bundingukalum.
kramam passeriformes famili calcaridae
parambaraagathamaayi puthiya loka kuruvikalkoppam tharamthirichirunna paaserin pakshikalude oru koottamaanu calcaridae, ennaal pala kaaryangalilum vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi thuranna pulmedukalil kaanapedunnu.
maram-vaalbarukal.
kramam passeriformes famili parulidae
puthiya lokathekku parimithappedutthiyirikku cheria, palappozhum varnnabhamaaya paaserin pakshikalude oru koottamaanu wood-warblerukal. mikathum arborial aanenkilum chilath kooduthal bhoumaparamaanu. eee kudumbatthile bhooribhaagam amgangalum keedabhakshakaraanu.
kardhinalmarum sakhyakakshikalum.
kramam passeriformes famili cardinalidae
sakthamaaya vithu bhakshikkunna pakshikalude oru kudumbamaanu kardinals. avaa saadhaaranayaayi thuranna vanapradesangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. lingangalkku saadhaaranayaayi vyathyastha thoovalukalundu.
tangermar.
kramam passeriformes famili throupidae
pradhaanamaayum ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalil puthiya lokathekku parimithappedutthiyirikku cheruthum idatharavumaaya paaserin pakshikalude oru valia koottamaanu taanejarukal. pala enangalum thilakkamulla niramullavayaanu. oru kudumbamenna nilayil avaa sarvabhakshikalaanu, ennaal oro inavum pazhangal, vithukal, praanikal allengil mattu tharatthilulla bhakshanam kazhikkunnathil vaidagdhyam nedunnu.

