
sample paramavadhi, kuranjathu

sthithivivarakkanakkukali, ettavum valia nireekshanavum ettavum cheria nireekshanavum ennum vilikkappedunna sample maximum, sample minimum enniva oru saambilinte ettavum valuthum kuranjathumaaya gadakangalude moolyangalaanu. avaa adisthaana sangraha sthithivivarakkanakkukalanu, avaa anchu akka sangraham, bouliyude ezhu akka sangraham, anubandha boxes plott thudangiya vivaranathmaka sthithivivarakkanakkukali upayogikkunnu.
ettavum kuranjathum paramavadhi moolyavum onnum avasaanathethumaaya kramatthile sthithivivarakkanakkukalanu ("n" enna sample valuppathin yathaakramam "x" (1), "x" ("n") enningane soochippikkunnu).
saambilinu outlayarukal undengil, avaa valare uyarnnathaano thaazhnnathaano ennathine aashrayich sample paramavadhi allengil sample minimum allengil randum ulppeduthanam. ennirunnaalum, sample mattu nireekshanangalil ninnu asaadhaaranamaamvidham akaleyallengil, paramavadhi, kuranjathu enniva autlayarukalaayirikkanamenna.
karuth.
sample paramavadhi, kuranjathu enniva "ettavum kuranja" sakthamaaya sthithivivarakkanakkukalanu avaa autlayarukalodu paramavadhi sensitiivu aanu.
ithu oru nettamo poraaymayo aakam building daikkukal allengil saambathika nashtam polulla theevra moolya sidhaanthathinte prayogangalil pole, angeyattatthe moolyangal yadhaarthavum (alavedukkal pishakukalalla) yadhaartha anantharafalavumaanenkil, outlayarukal (sample extremayil prathifalikkunnathu pole) pradhaanamaan. maruvashathu, autlayarukalkku yadhaartha phalangalil kaaryamaaya swaadheenamillengil, sample extrema polulla noonn-roobast statistiks upayogichu sthithivivarakkanakkukale claude cheyyuka, mattu kwaandailukal polulla sakthamaaya badalukal upayogikkanam 10,90 sathamaanam (aadyathethum avasaanathethumaaya desile) kooduthal sakthamaaya badalukalaanu.
sthithivivarakkanakkukal.
saambilinte ellah gadakangalum upayogikkunna oro sthithivivarakkanakkinteyum oru gadakamaayirikkunnathinupurinu, sample extrema shreniyude pradhana bhagangalaanu, dispersion alavu, midu rench, lokkeshan alavu. paramavadhi kevala vyathiyaanavum avar thirichariyunnu avayilonnu eathenkilum thannirikkunna pooyintil ninnulla "ettavum akaleyulla" poyintaanu, prathyekichu median allengil sharashari polulla kendratthinte alavu.
aaplikkeshanukal.
sugamamaya paramavadhi.
oru sample settinaayi, paramavadhi function sugamamallathathum athinaal deferentiable allaathathumaan. sthithivivarakkanakkukali sambhavikkunna opttimaiseshan prashnangalkk athu palappozhum settinte paramavadhi aduthulla oru minusamarnna function upayogichu ekadeshamaayi kanakkaakkendathund.
udaaharanathinu, oru sugamamaya paramavadhi,
sample maaksimittinte nalla ekadesha kanakkaanith.
sangraha sthithivivarakkanakkukal.
ettavum theevramaaya nireekshanangal kaanikkunna adisthaana sangraha sthithivivarakkanakkukalanu sample maximum, minimum, avaa anchu-nambar sangrahathilum ezhu-nambar samgrahathinteyum anubandha boxes plottinteyum oru pathippilum upayogikkunnu.
pravachana edavela.
sample paramavadhi, kuranjathu enniva oru noonn-parametric pravachana edavela nalkunnu
oru janasamkhyayil ninnulla oru saambilil, allengil kooduthal saadhaaranayaayi kramarahithamaya veriyabilukalude kaimaattam cheyyaavunna oru shreniyil, oro nireekshanavum paramavadhi allengil ettavum kuranjathaayirikkaan thulya saadhyathayund.
athinaal oraalkk oru sample formula _ 1 undengil oraal mattoru nireekshana formula _ 2 thiranjedukkukayaanenkil ithinu ithuvare kanda ettavum valia moolyamaayirikkaanulla formula _ 3 probability undu, formula _ 3 ithuvare kandathil vachu ettavum cheria moolyamaayirikkaanulla probability, athinaal samayathinte mattoru formula _ 5, formula _ 6 sample maximum, sample minimum formula _ 7 ennivaykkidayilaanu varunnath.
athinaal, sample paramavadhi, kuranjathu "m", "m" ennivayaal soochippikkumbol, ithu ["m", "m"] enna formula _ 5 pravachana edavela nalkunnu.
udaaharanathinu, "n" = 19 aanenkil, ["m", "m"] oru 18/20 = 90 sathamaanam pravachana edavela nalkunnu-90 sathamaanam samayam, 20-aamathe nireekshanam munbu kandathil vachu ettavum cheruthum valuthumaaya nireekshanathinidayilaanu. athupole, "n" = 39 95 sathamaanam pravachana edavela nalkunnu, "n" = 199 99 sathamaanam pravachana edavela nalkunnu.
kanakk.
autlayarukalodulla avayude samvedanakshamatha kaaranam, daatta shudhamallengil sample extrema vishvaasayogyamaayi esttimettarukalaayi upayogikkaan kazhiyilla-sakthamaaya badalukalil aadyathethum avasaanathethumaaya desileukal ulppedunnu.
ennirunnaalum, shudhamaaya daattayo saidhaanthika krameekaranangalo upayogichu, avaa chilappol valare nalla esttimettarukal theliyikkaan kazhiyum, prathyekichu plattikurttik vitharanagalkk, cheria daatta settukalkku midu-rench ettavum kaaryakshamamaya esttimettaanu.
ennirunnaalum, saadhaarana vitharanam, leptocurtic vitharanam thudangiya mesocurtic vitharanagalude sthaanam avar kaaryakshamamallatha kanakkukoottalukalaan.
ekeekritha vitharanam.
onno rando anjjaatha end pooyintukal upayogichu oru ekeekritha vitharanathil ninnu maattisthaapikkaathe sample edukkunnathinu (athinaal "n" anjjaathamaaya formula _ 9, allengil "m", "n" anjjaathamaaya formula _ 10), sample paramavadhi, allengil yathaakramam sample paramavadhi, sample minimum enniva anjjaatha end poyintukalkku mathiyakum, athinaal ivayil ninnu uruthirinja oru pakshapatharahitha esttimettar umvu esttimettar aayirikkum.
mukalile end pooyint maathram ariyillengil, sample maximum janasamkhyayude paramavadhi oru pakshapathaparamaaya esttimettaanu, ennaal pakshapatharahithamaaya esttimettar formula _ 11 (ivide "m" sample maximum, "k" sample sais) umvu esttimettaanu; vishadaamshangalkku jarmman tank prashnam kaanuka.
rund end pooyintukalum anjjaathamaanengil, sample shreni janasamkhyaa shreniyude oru pakshapathaparamaaya esttimettaanu, ennaal mukalil ulla paramavadhi shariyaakkunnath umvu estimettarinu nalkunnu.
rund end pooyintukalum anjjaathamaanengil, madhya shreni edavelayude madhyabinduvinte pakshapatharahithamaaya (athinaal umvu) esttimettaanu (ivide janasamkhyayude madhyabhagam, sharashari allengil madhya shrenikk thulyamaanu).
sample extrema mathiyaya sthithivivarakkanakkukalayira kaaranam, noonn-extream saambilukalude vyavasthaapitha vitharanam sample paramavadhi, minimum enniva thammilulla ekeekritha edavelaykkulla vitharanam maathramaan-end pooyintukal nischayichukazhinjaal, interior pooyintukalude moolyangal adhika vivarangal cherkkunnilla.
saadhaarana parisodhana.
sample extrema oru lalithamaaya saadhaarana parishodhanaykk upayogikkaam, prathyekichu kurtosisinte oraal sample paramavadhi, minimum ennivayude tii-staattistik kanakkakkunnu (sample sharashari kuraykkunnu, sample staanderd deviation kondu vibhajikkunnu), avaa sample valuppathin asaadhaaranamaamvidham valuthaanenkil (athile moonnu sigma niyamavum patikayum anusarichu, allengil kooduthal krithyamaayi oru vidyaarthiyude tii-distribution anusarichu), sample vitharanathinte curtosis saadhaarana vitharanathil ninnu ganyamaayi vyathichalikkunnu.
udaaharanathinu, oru dainamdina prakriya varshathil orikkal (kalandar divasangalil; varshathil onnara pravrithidivasangalil orikkal) oru 3σ ivant prathekshikkanam, athesamayam sharashari 40 varshathe kalandar divasangalil oro 4σ ivant, 60 varshathe pravrithi divasangal (jeevithathil orikkal), 5,000 varshathilorikkal 5σ evantukal (rekhappeduthappetta charithratthil orikkal), oro 15 laksham varshathilum (adisthaanaparamaayi orikkalum) 6σ evantukal sambhavikkunnu. athinaal sample extrema sharashari 6 sigmakalaanenkil, oraalkk saadhaarana nilayude ganyamaaya paraajayamund.
koodaathe, eee parisodhanayil ulppettirikkunna sthithivivarakkanakkukal illaathe ashayavinimayam nadatthaan valare eluppamaanu.
udaaharanathinu, oraalkk curtosis apakadasaadhyatha neridukayaanengil eee saadhaarana parisodhanakal prayogikkaam.
angeyattatthe moolya sidhaantham.
theevra moolya sidhaanthathil sample extrema rund pradhana punk vahikkunnu
ennirunnaalum, sample extrema maarganirddeshangalaayi upayogikkunnathil jagrata paalikkanam kanatha vaalulla vitharanathilo nischalamallaattha prakriyakalilo, munbu nireekshicha eathoru sambhavathekkaalum theevramaaya sambhavangal ganyamaayi kooduthalaayirikkum. black swan sidhaanthathil ithu vishadeekarichittundu.