
kurdish-turkish samgharsham (1978-innuvare)

oru swatantra kurdistan srishtikkunnathinaayi turkeyil ninnu verpeduthanamennu aavasyappettatho republic oof tarkkikkullil kurdukalkku svayambharanavum kooduthal raashtreeyavum saamskaarikavumaaya avakashangal nedaan shramichatho aaya vividha kurdish vimatha grouppukalum republic oof turkey thammilulla sayudha samghattanamaanu kurdish-turkey samgharsham.
pradhana vimatha samgham kurdistan varkkezhs party (pii. keey. keey) (kurdisha "partia karkaren kurdistan") aanu. kurdish-turkish samgharsham pala pradeshangalilekkum vyaapichittundenkil, samgharshathinte bhooribhaagavum thekkukizhakkan thurkkiyumaayi poruthappedunna vadakkan kurdisthaanilaanu nadannathu. iraakhi kurdisthaanile pii. keey. keyude saannidhyam turkey sayudha seena eee mekhalayil idaykkide bhoochalanangal nadathunnathinum vyoma, peeranki akramanangal nadathunnathinum kaaranamaayi, syrian kurdisthaanile athinte swaadheenam avide samanamaaya pravarthanatthilekku nayichu. eee samgharshathaal turkeyude sambadvyavasthaykku 300 muthal 450 bilyan dollar vare nashtam sambhavichu, kooduthalum sainika chelavukalilaanu. ithu turkeyile vinodasanchaaratheyum baadhichu.
1978ll phis graamatthil abdullah ookkalante neethrthwathilulla oru koottam kurdish vidyaarthikal chernnaanu pii. keey. keey. enna viplava samgham sthaapichathu. turkeyile kurdukale adichamarthunnathaayirunnu ithinu pii. keey. keey nalkia prarambha kaaranam. akkaalat, kurdish janavasa pradeshangalil kurdish bhasha, vasthram, naadodikkadhakal, perukal ennivayude upayogam nirodhichirunnu. 1930kalilum 1940kalilum kurdukale "parvatha thurkkikal" ennu tharamthirichukondu turkey sarkkar avayude nilanilpp nishedhikkaan shramichu. kurds", "kurdistan" allengil "kurdish" ennee vaakkukal turkey sarkkar audyogikamaayi nirodhichu. 1980leeii sainika attimariyethudarnnu, 1991 vare kurdish bhasha pothu, swakaarya jeevithathil audyogikamaayi nirodhichu. kurdish bhasha samsaarikkukayo prasidheekarikkukayo paadukayo cheytha palareyum arast cheyyukayum jayililadaykkukayum cheythu.
turkkiyile kurdish nyoonapakshathinu bhashaaparavum saamskaarikavum raashtreeyavumaaya avakashangal sthaapikkaanulla sramathilaanu pii. keey. keey roopeekarichathu. ennirunnaalum, 1984 august 15 nuu pii. keey. keey oru kurdish kalapam prakhyaapikkunnathuvare poornna thothilulla kalapam aarambichilla. samgharsham aarambhichathinusesham 40,000-thiladhikam perr marichu, avaril bhooribhaagavum kurdish siviliyanmaraayirunnu. samgharshathinidayil niravadhi manushyavakaasha lamghanangalkku irupakshavum prathisthaanathundaayirunnu. aayirakkanakkin manushyavakaasha lamghanangalkku europian manushyavakaasha kodathi turkey apalapichu. kurdish pouranmaarude chittayaya vadhasiksha, peedanam, nirbandhitha sthaanabhramsham, nasippikkappetta gramangal, ekapaksheeyamaaya arasttukal, kurdish pathrapravartthakareyum activistukaleyum raashtreeyakkaareyum nirbandhithamaayi kaanathaakukayo kollukayo cheiyunnathumaayi bandhappettathaan pala vidhinyaayangalum. kurdish bhashayil vidyaabhyaasam aavasyappetta adhyapakareyum vidyaarthikaleyum pii. keey. keyude bheekaravaadathe pinthunachathinu vichaarana cheyyukayum shikshikkukayum cheythu. maruvashathu, sivilian koottakkolakal, samkshiptha vadhasiksha, chaaver bombermar, baalasainikar, mayakkumarunnu kadathu enniva ulppedunna theevravaada thanthrangal upayogichathinu pradhaanamaayum turkey sakhyakakshikal anthaaraashtra apalapanam nerittittundu. kurdish swathuam nashippicha" ennu avar aaropikkunna schoolukal kathichathinum adhyapakar kollappettathinum, aashupathrikalkk nereyundaaya akramanangal doctormaarudeyum nazhsumaarudeyum maranathinu kaaranamayathinum, mochanadravyathinaayi videsha vinodasanchaarikale thattikkondupoyathinum eee samghadana charitraparamaayi kuttakkaraanu.
1999 februvariyil, keniyayile neyrobiyil oru koottam special fozhsu udyogasthar pii. keey. keey nethaavu abdullah ookkalane arast cheyyukayum turkkiyilekku kondupookukayum avide addeham marmara kadalile oru dveepile jayililaan. aadyathe kalapam 1993 march vare neenduninnu, pii. keey. keey ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthal prakhyaapichu. athe varsham thanne poraattam punaraarambhichu. 2013ll turkey sarkkar öcalan-maayi charcha aarambhichu. pradhaanamaayum rahasya charchakaletthudarnnu, turkish bharanakoodavum pii. keey. keyum oru valia vijayakaramaya vedinirthal earppeduthi. 2013 march 21 nuu, ookkalan "sayudha pooraattatthinte avasaanavum samadhana charchakalumaayulla vedinirthalum" prakhyaapichu.
sailanpinar sambhavangalethudarnnu samgharsham punaraarambhichu, athil surukk bombaakramanatthil rund turkey poleesukaare pii. keey. keey vadhichu. akramam punaraarambhichathode noorukanakkinu kurdish siviliyanmaar irupakshavum kollappedukayum peedanavum vyapakamaaya swath nashavum ulppede niravadhi manushyavakaasha lamghanangal sambhavikkukayum cheythu. diarbakkir, ırnak, mardin, sisre, nusaibin, yuxekova ennivayulppede niravadhi kurdish bhooripaksha nagarangalude ganyamaaya bhagangal ettumuttalil nasippikkappettu.
charithram.
thudakkam.
1977ll ookkalante neethrthwathil oru cheria samgham turkkiyile kurdish swathuathekkurichu oru prakhyapanam puratthirakki. kurdisthaanile viplavakaarikal" ennu svayam visheshippicha groupil alii haidar kaaytaan, semil baike, hackey karer, kemal peer ennivarum ulppedunnu. 1974ll kurdish avakaashangalkkaayi oru pracharanam aarambikkaan samgham theerumaanichu. semil beikkine urfayilekkum kemal peerine muzz, hackey karerine batmaanilekkum alii haidar kaaytaane tunsiliyilekkum ayachu. thudarnnu avar vidyaarthi samghadanakal aarambikkukayum kurdish avakaashangalekkurichu avabodham valarthunnathinayi praadeshika thozhilaallikaleyum karshakareyum bandhappedukayum cheythu.
1977ll eee rashtreeya pravartthanangal vilayiruthunnathinayi oru sammelanam nadannu. vividha pashchaathalangalil ninnulla 100 perum mattu idathupaksha samghadanakalude niravadhi prathinidhikalum sammelanathil pankedutthu. 1977 leeii vasanthakaalath, grouppinte pravarthanangalekkurichu pothujanangale bodhavaanmaaraakkunnathinaayi ookkalan ararat parvvatham, ersuram, tyoonseli, elassig, antep, mattu nagarangal ennividangalilekku yaatra cheythu. ithinethudarnnu samghadanaykkethire turkey sarkkar adichamarthal nadatthi. 1977 meyy 18nuu hackey curror aanteppil vachu vadikkappettu. eee kaalayalavil, deseeya prasthaana party chaara chennaaykkalaaya turkey ultraanationalist samghadanayum eee groupine lakshyamitirunnu. chila sambanna kurdish bhoovudamakalum samghathe lakshyamit 1978 meyy 18nuu haleel kavganine kolappedutthi, ithu ersuram, dersim, elassig, antep ennividangalil valia prathishedha yogangalkk kaaranamaayi.
1978 november 27nuu paine nagaratthinaduthulla phis enna graamathilaanu pii. keey. keyude sthaapaka kongras nadannathu. eee kongrasinide, sannihitharaya 25 perr kurdistan varkkezhs party sthaapikkaan theerumaanichu. turkish raashtram, turkish valathupaksha grouppukal, chila kurdish bhoovudamakal ennivar grouppinullile akramanam thudarnnu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, pii. keey. keey svayam samrakshikkaan samghadithavum saayudhavumaaya amgangal, angane turkeyile idathupaksha, valathupaksha grouppukal thammilulla pooraattatthil kooduthal earppedunnu (<aii. dii. 1>). eee samayat, valathupaksha chaara chennaaykkal sainyam 1978 desember 25 nuu kahramanmaras pattanatthil 109 pere kollukayum 176 alavi kurdukale parikkelppikkukayum cheythu, ithu maras koottakkola ennariyappettu. 1979-leeii venalkkaalath, ookkalan syriayilekkum lebananilekkum yaatra cheyyukayum avide addeham syrian, palasteen nethaakkalumaayi bandhappedukayum cheythu. 1980 septambar 12-nuu nadanna turkish attimarikkum ellah rashtreeya samghadanakalkkum ethire aarambhicha adichamarthalinum sesham, kuranjathu 191 perr kollappedukayum araa dasalaksham perr thadavilaakkappedukayum cheythathode mikka pii. keey. kikalum syriayilekkum lebananilekkum pinwangi. 1980 septambaril kemal peer, mahs corkmass, delil dogan ennivare lebananil oru samghadana sthaapikkaan ayachukondu ookkalan syriayilekku pooyi. chila pii. keey. keey poraalikal 1982 leeii lebanon yudhathil syrian bhaagath pankedutthu.
1982 august 20 muthal 25 vare syriayile daarayil nadanna randaamathe pii. keey. keey party kongras, oru swatantra kurdish raashtram srishtikkunnathinaayi turkey kurdisthaanilekku oru sayudha garilla yuddham aarambikkaan samghadana madangumennu theerumaanichu. athesamayam, yudhathinu pookaan avar syriayilum lebananilum garilla senaye thayyarakki. ennirunnaalum, niravadhi pii. keey. keey nethaakkale turkkiyil arast cheyyukayum diyarbakkir jaililekku ayaykkukayum cheythu. thadavukaarodu perumarunnathinaal jayil valareyadhikam rashtreeya prathishedhatthinte sthalamaayi maari. (kastadiyilulla turkey#deaths leeii peedanavum kaanuka.)
1982 march 21nuu diarbakkir jayilil nadanna chikilsayil prathishedhichu pii. keey. keey. amgam maslam dogan svayam theekoluthi marichu. ferhat kurthaay, nekmi oonen, mahmut sengin, easref anek ennivar meyy 17 nuu addehathinte maathruka pinthudarnnu. juulai 14 nuu pii. keey. keey amgangal kemal pirr, emm. hayri durmuz, alii seek, akif yalmas ennivar diarbakkir jayilil nirahara samaram aarambhichu. 1983ll kurdistan mekhala-pii. keey. keey samgharshamaayi iraakhi kurdisthaanilekku eee samgharsham ethi. septambar 7, emm nuu kemal peer antharichu. 12-nuu hairi durmuz, 15-nuu akif yalmas, 17-nuu alii siyek. 1984 epril 13nuu istamboolil 75 divasathe nirahara samaram aarambhichu. thalphalamaayi, naalu thadavukaar-abdullah meral, haidar basbagh, fatih ökütülmüs, hassan telsey-marichu.
1986 october 25nuu lebananile bekhaa thaazhvarayil moonnaamathe kongras nadannu. achadakkathinte abhavam, vardhichuvarunna aabhyanthara vimarsanam, samghadanaykkullil pilarnna grouppukal enniva uyarnnuvanna prasnangalil ulppedunnu. ithu chila aabhyanthara vimarshakare, prathyekichu athiraalikalaaya maarksist-leninist samghadanayaaya techosinil chernna muun amgangale vadhikkan samghadanaye nayichu. 1980kalude thudakkathil garilla senayude utharavaadikalaaya nethaakkale ookkalan shakthamayi vimarsikkukayum mattullavar athiraalikalaaya grouppukalil cherukayo utharavukal anusarikkaan visammathikkukayo cheythaal vadhasiksha nalkumennu bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu. pii. keey. keyude sainika parajayangal ardhamaakkunnathu avar oru swatantra kurdistan enna avarude praadhamika lakshyathodu aduthilla ennaanu. kuttavaalikalumaayum svechaadhipathikalumaayumam sahakarichathiloode samghadanayude prathichaayaykku kalankam varuthi. kongrassinidayil, sayudha poraattam munnott kondupokaanum poraalikalude ennam vardhippikkaanum kurdistan popular liberation armi (aarr. jii. keey) maatti sthaapicha echu. aarr. keey pirichuvidaanum nethaakkal theerumaanichu. helve campinu pakaram puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya oru rashtreeya-sainika academiyaaya mahs corkmass akkadami, oru puthiya sainika nirbandhitha niyamana nayam amgeekarikkukayum oro kudumbatheyum garilla senayilekku aareyengilum ayaykkaan nirbandhitharaakkukayum cheythu.
moonnaamathe kongrasinide edutha theerumaanangal pii. keey. keye oru leninist samghadanayil ninnu adikaaram kooduthal kendreekrithamaaya onnaayi maatti, kaaranam öcalan kooduthal önderlik (neethrthwam) nedi. murat karayilan, semil baike, durran kalkkan thudangiya mattu nethaakkalil ninnu ookkalan adikaaram pidichedukkaanulla chila kaaranagal valarnnuvarunna aabhyanthara samgharshangalum athu thadayaanulla samghadanayude kazhivillaymayumaanu. maikkal gunder parayunnathanusarichu, ookkalan, eee samayathinu munbuthanne, niravadhi athiraalikalaaya pii. keey. keey amgangale ithinakam shudheekarichirunnu, avare peedippikkukayum vadhikkunnathin munbu raajyadrohikalaanennu sammathikkaan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. ibrahim haalik, mehmet alii settinar, mehmet resolet altinock, seyim askin, aittan yildirim, sabahatin alii ennivaraayirunnu erakalil chilar. pinneedu 2006-ll, ookkalan eee aropanangal nishedhikkukayum pii. keey. keyude aadyathe paramonnatha sainika kamaandaraaya mahas corkmass uyarnna raankulla kamaandaraaya enchin aathmaarthathayum aabhyanthara samgharshangalude falamaayi marichirikkaamennum kuttavaalikale "samghangal" ennu visheshippichathaayum thante pusthakatthil prasthaavichu. ennirunnaalum, chornna reportukal 1980 kalude thudakkam muthal viyojippukale krooramaayi adichamarthukayum athiraalikale shudheekarikkukayum cheytha ookkalante svechaadhipathya vyakthithvam velippeduthi. david ell. 1986 march 28nuu kollappettathayi mahs corkmass vishwasikkunna philipsil arupath pii. keey. keey amgangal vare 1986ll vadikkappettu. 1980num 1990num idayil samghadana koorumaattakkaare lakshyamit, avaril randupere sweedenil, randupere netherlandil, moonnu pere germmaniyil, oraale denmarkil vadhichu.
1990-ll, naalam kongrasinide, pii. keey. keey. athinte janapreethiyillaatha nirbandhitha niyamana nayam avasaanippichu. pinthuna aditharayekkurichulla aavasyangalum vimarsanangalum kanakkiledukkanulla samghadanayude sramangal athinte janapreeti vardhippikkaan sahayichu. staantan parayunnathanusarichu, pii. keey. keyude sivilian thaavalavumaayulla mechappetta bandham chila kurdish pouranmaarkkethire sarkkar bheekaravaadatthil earppedaan sarkkaarin prachodanam nalki. apoorvvamaayi maathrame ithu thadayaan pii. keey. keck kazhinjittulloo.
aadyathe kalapam.
1984-1993.
1984 august 15 nuu eruhinum semdinlik nereyulla sayudha aakramanangaliloode turkey raajyathinethire pii. keey. keey kalapam aarambhichu. eee akramanangalil oru turkish gendermery sainikan kollappedukayum ezhu sainikarkkum rund poleesukaarkkum moonnu saadhaaranakkaarkkum parikkelkkukayum cheythu. rund divasathinu sesham seartile oru police steshanil pii. keey. keey raid nadatthi.
1991leeii gulf yudhathethudarnnu mekhalayile bhoumaraashtreeya chalanathmakatha maariyathin sesham 1990kalude thudakkathil president turgut oasal pii. keey. keyumaayi charchakalkku sammathichu. ardha kurdish aaya oasal ozhike, kurachu turkish raashtreeyakkaarkk samadhana prakriyayil thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, allengil pii. keey. keyude bhagamalla. 1991 februvariyil oosalinte presidentinte kaalath kurdish samgeethathinte nirodhanam avasaanichu.
ennirunnaalum, 1992-ll, americayudeyum kurdistan regional gavanmentinte (krg) peshmergayudeyum pinthunayode turkey 300,000-ladhikam sainikare upayogichu october 9 num november 1 num idayil pii. keey. kekkethire athirthi kadannulla ooppareshanaaya ooppareshan northen iraakh aarambhichu. iraakhi athirthi kadanna 20,000-thiladhikam turkey sainikarude pinthunayode aayirakkanakkin praadeshika peshmerga 10,000 pii. keey. keey garillakale aakramichu. kanatha naashanashtangal undaayirunnittum, iraakhi kurdisthaanil thangalude saannidhyam nilanirthaan pii. keey. keck kazhinju, pii. keey. keyum keey. aarr. jiyum thammil vedinirthal karaaril ethi. 1993-ll, muun dhanakaaryamantri adnan kahvesiyum turkish gendermerry general commander ezeref bitlisum chernnu samadhana padhathikkaayi pravartthikkaan oasal madangi.
ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthal (1993).
1993 march 17 nuu paakkisthaanumaayulla charchakal ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthalilekku nayichu. lebananile berliasil nadanna pathrasammelanatthil jalal thalabaaniyodoppam, paakkisthaanumaayi oru prathyeka raashtram vendennum, marichu oru janaadhipathya raashtrathinte chattakkoodinullil turkkiyile kurdukalkkaayi samadhaanavum sambhaashanavum swatantra rashtreeya nadapadiyum venamennum ookkalan prasthaavichu. akkaalathe thurkkiyude pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna sulaiman demirel pii. keey. keyumaayi charcha cheyyaan visammathichuvenkilum nirbandhitha turkey valkkaranam kurdukalkkethiraaya thettaaya sameepanamaanennu prasthaavichu. niravadhi kurdish raashtreeyakkaar vedinirthaline pinthunachu, peeples laber party (hep) kemal burke ahmet turkkum pathrasammelanatthil pankedutthu.
pii. keey. keyude vedinirthal prakhyapanam kayyil ullathinaal, deseeya suraksha samithiyude adutha yogathil oru pradhana kurdish anukoola parishkarana paakkej nirddeshikkaan oasal padhathiyidukayaayirunnu. epril 17nuu presidentinte maranam aaa yogam maattivaykkaan kaaranamavukayum padhathikal orikkalum avatharippikkappedaathirikkum cheythu. 1993 meyy 19nuu kulppil turkey sainyam pii. keey. keey. kku nere nadatthiya akramanam vedinirthal avasaanippichu. anchu divasathinu sesham, pii. keey. keey. sevlik koottakkola nadatthi. muun pii. keey. keey commander, visilblover aaya semdin sakic, koottakolaye turkey sainyam anuvadichittundennum ithu dogu Çalıısma groobuvinte attimari padhathikalude bhagamaanennum paranju. 1993 juun 8nuu ookkalan pii. keey. keey vedinirthal avasaanippichathaayi prakhyaapichu.
kalapam (1993-1995).
sulaiman demirelinte puthiya presidentinteyum tanzu sillarinte pradhaanamanthriyudeyum keezhil, oasal ethirtha kotta padhathi (kurdish prashnam pariharikkan ellah akramasakthamaaya maargangalum upayogikkuka) nadappaakkukayum samadhana prakriya upekshikkukayum cheythu. samadhana padhathikal thadayukayenna lakshyathode 1993ll nadanna oru rahasya sainika attimariyude bhaagamaayirunnu oosalinte maranavum (visham kazhichathaayi aaropikkappedunna) samadhana shramangalkk pinthuna nalkunna niravadhi rashtreeya, sainika vyakthikalude kolapaathakavum ennu chila pathrapravartthakarum raashtreeyakkaarum vaadikkunnu.
pii. keey. keye prathirodhikkunnathinaayi, 1992 num 1995 num idayil turkey sainyam puthiya kalapa virudha thanthrangal aarambhichu. vimatharkk logistic bays oof ooppareshans nashtappeduthunnathinum pii. keey. keye pinthunaykkunna praadeshika aalukale shikshikkunnathinum sainyam graamapradesangalil vananaseekaranam nadathukayum 3,000-ladhikam kurdish gramangal nasippikkukayum cheythu, ithu kuranjathu 2 dasalaksham abhayaardhikalenkilum srishtichu. eee gramangalil bhooribhaagavum ozhippikkappettu, ennaal mattu gramangal sarkkar sainyam kathikkukayo bombit kollukayo shellakramanam nadathukayo cheythu, koodaathe niravadhi gramangal aakaashat ninnu nasippikkappettu. chilath nasippikkappedukayo ozhippikkappedukayo cheythappol mattu gramangal sarkkaarinte bhagamaakaan sammathichu. eee gramangalil pii. keey. keey pravartthikkunnathu thadayunnathinaayi praadeshika karshakarkum edayanmaarkkum villej gaardukalumaayi cheraan samsthaanam shambalam vaagdaanam cheythu. sahakarikkaan visammathicha graamangale sainyam ozhippichu. saadhaaranakkaarkethiraaya akramanangal ulppede palappozhum sarkkar anukoola gramangalil avar prathikaarangal nadathiyittundengilum eee thanthrangalkk vimathare nagarangalil ninnum gramangalil ninnum parvathangalilekku nayikkaan kazhinju. 1994 meyy 26nuu turkey vyomasena vadakkan iraakhil bombit kurdistan varkkezhs party (pii. keey. keey) theevravaadikale lakshyamidukayum 79 theevravaadikale kollukayum cheythathayi turkey sayudha seena report cheythu. 1995 maarchil neurosil (kurdish puthuvarsham) turkey sainyam iraakhil pii. keey. kekkethire ettavum valia sainika nadapadi aarambhichu. 35, 000 sainikarude oru sainyam taankukaludeyum eph-16 jettukaludeyum sahaayathode iraakhi kurdistan aakramichu. turkey sainyam niravadhi pattanangal kaivashappeduthukayum avide avar kurdish vimathare tirayukayum pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthal (1995-1996).
1995 desember 24 nuu nadanna pothutheranjeduppinu munnodiyaayi, 1995 desemberil pii. keey. keey randaamathe ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthal prakhyaapichu. samgharsham pariharikkunnathinulla oru maargam vyakthamakkaan puthiya turkey sarkkaarin samayam nalkukayennathaayirunnu ithu lakshyamittath. vedinirthal samayat, samgharshathinulla parihaarathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi sivil sosaitti grouppukal niravadhi samadhana samrambhangal samghadippichu. ennaal 1996 meyy maasathil damascasil abdullah ookkalane vadhikkan sramam nadakkukayum athe varsham juunil turkey sainyam pii. keey. keey. yeei iraakhi kurdisthaanilekku pinthudaraan thudangukayum cheythu. oru rashtreeya parihaaramenna nilayil samadhana charchakalkku ippozhum thayyaaraanenn prasthaavichu 1996 august 16 nuu pii. keey. keey ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthal avasaanippichathaayi prakhyaapichu.
kalapam (1996-1999).
turkey athinte charithratthile ettavum valia athirthi kadannulla dauthyam nadatthiya samayamaayirunnu samgharshathile vazhithirivukalilonnu. 1997 meyy maasathil ooppareshan hammer (1997) nadathukayum ambathinaayirathiladhikam turkey sainikarum pathinaayiratthiladhikam villej gaardukalum ooppareshanil pankedukkukayum cheythu. turkey sainyam moovaayirathiladhikam kalaapakaarikale kollukayum verum rund maasathinullil naanooriladhikam pere pidichedukkukayum vadakkan iraakhile mikkavarum ellah kurdish kyaambukalum nasippikkukayum cheythathode ooppareshan vijayakaramaayirunnu. 1998ll rashtreeya sammarddathinum syriaykkethiraaya turkey sarkkaarinte sainika bheeshanikalkkum sesham, pii. keey. keykku nethaavu abdullah ookkalan 1980 septambar muthal pravaasatthilaayirunna syria vidaan nirbandhithanaayappol samgharshathile mattoru vazhithirivu vannu. addeham aadyam russiayilekkum pinneedu italiyilekkum greasylake pooyi. oduvil addehathe keniyayile neyrobiyile greak embasiyilekku konduvannu. 1999 februvari 15 nuu embassyil ninnu vimaanathaavalathilekk purappetta sesham, oru samyuktha mitt-siyaa ooppareshanil addehathe thattikkondupoyi turkeyilekku konduvannu, ithu lokamembaadumulla kurdukalude valia prathishedhatthinu kaaranamaayi. berlinile israel konsulettil praveshikkaan shramicha moonnu kurdish prathishedhakkaar israeli pankaalitthatthil prathishedhichu vediyettu marichu. 1998 august 1 nuu ookkalan prakhyaapicha moonnaamathe vedinirthal avasaanippichenkilum 1999 septambar 1 nuu 2004 vare neendunilkkunna ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthal prakhyaapichu.
ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthal (1999-2003).
1999 septambaril pii. keey. keey prakhyaapicha ekapaksheeyamaaya vedinirthalinu sesham, avarude sainyam turkish kurdisthaanil ninnu poornnamaayum pinmaarukayum iraakhi kurdisthaanile khandil parvathanirakalil puthiya thaavalangal sthaapikkukayum 2000 februvariyil avar yudhathinte aupachaarika avasaanam prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. ithinushesham, thangalude lakshyangal nedunnathinu samadhaanaparamaaya reethikal upayogikkunnathilekku thanthram maattumenn pii. keey. keey ariyichu. 2002 eprilil, pii. keey. keey athinte dauthyam niravettiyennum ippol poornnamaayum rashtreeya samghadanayaayi munnott pookumennum avakaashappett pii. keey. keey athinte peru "kadek" (kurdistan freedam aandu democracy kongras) ennu maatti. 2003 octoberil kadek pirichuvidal prakhyapikkukayum "kongra-jell" (kurdistan peeples kongras) enna oru puthiya samghadana roopeekarikkunnathaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
1999 septambarinu munbulla athe thothil allengilum, aii. dii. 1 kaalaghattatthil kongra-jell sayudha akramanangal thudarnnuvennu avakashappetta turkey sarkkar charchakalkkaayulla pii. keey. keyude vaagdaanangal avaganichu. aaa kaalayalavil nadanna kurdish kalaapangalkk avar kongra-jelline kuttappeduthukayum cheythu. vadakkan iraakh ulppede avarude thaavalangalkkethire turkey sainyam 700 oolam reydukal nadathiyathinaal eee kaalayalavil avarude ellah sainika pravartthanangalum prathirodhaathmakamaayirunnu pii. keey. keey vaadikkunnu. kongra-jell vedinirthal undaayirunnittum mattu grouppukal avarude sayudha pravartthanangal thudarnnu. udaaharanathinu, kurdistan viplava party (pii. ezz. keey) pii. keey. keey poraalikale avarude samghadanayil cheraan aakarshikkan vedinirthal upayogikkaan shramichu. vedinirthalil athrupthi prakadippicha theevravaadi kongra-jell commandermaaraanu eee kaalayalavil kurdistan freedam hooks (tack) roopeekarichathu. turkish hesbollah (kurdish hesbollah) yethire valia adichamarthal pravartthanangal aarambikkunnathinum 1998-leeii 130 amgangale arast cheiyunnathinum 2000 januvari 13-nuu grouppinte nethaavu hussain veliyolu kollappedunnathinum turkey sarkkar öcalan pidichadakkiyathinu sheshamulla kaalayalav upayogichu. yudhathinte eee ghattathil pii. keey. keyum suraksha sena thammilulla pooraattatthil kuranjathu 145 perenkilum kollappettu.
2002ll akku party adhikaarathil vannathinushesham turkey samsthaanam kurdish bhashaykkum samskaarathinum melulla niyanthranangal laghookarikkaan thudangi.
2003 muthal 2004 vare kongra-jellil samghadanaye poornnamaayum niraayudheekarikkaan aagrahikkunna oru parishkaranavaada vibhaagavum samghadana veendum sayudha kalapam punaraarambhikkanamenn aagrahikkunna oru paarambaryavaada vibhaagavum thammil adhikara poraattam nadannu. samghadanayude yaadhaasthithika vibhaagam eee adhikaarasamarathil vijayichu parishkaranavaadikalaaya kanii yilmas, nisaamettin thaas, abdullah okkalante ilaya sahodaran osmaan okkalan ennivare samghadana vidaan nirbandhitharaakki. moonnu pradhana paarambaryavaada nethaakkalaaya murath karayilan, semil baike, bahos erdal ennivar samghadanayude puthiya neethrthwa samiti roopeekarichu. garillakalillathe pii. keey. keyude rashtreeya pravartthanangal paraajayappedumennu avakashappettathinaal puthiya bharanakoodam kalapam punaraarambhikkaan theerumaanichu. kurdish anukoola peeples democracy party (hadep) 2003 march 13 nuu turkey supreme kodathi nirodhikkukayum athinte nethaavu murat boslakkine jayililadaykkukayum cheythathodeyaanu ithu sambhavichathu.
2005 eprilil kongra-jell athinte peru veendum pii. keey. keey ennu maatti. kongra jellinte ellah gadakangalum ithu amgeekarikkaathathinaal, samghadanaye puthiya pii. keey. keey ennum vilikkunnu. pii. keey. keey ulppedunna paan-kurdish kuda samghadanayaaya kurdistan communities yooniyante niyamasabhayayi kongra-jell maari. muun deputy amgamaaya subair idaaraanu kongra jellinte president.
vedinirthal varshangalil ekadesham 711 perr kollappettathayi turkey sarkkar parayunnu. upsala samgharsha daatta prograam eee varshangalil 368 muthal 467 vare maranangal rekhappeduthiyittundu.
kalapam (2004-2012).
2003-2005.
2003 septambaril pii. keey. keey vedinirthal avasaanippichathaayi prakhyaapichenkilum veendum akramanam nadathunnathinu munbu 2004 madhyam vare kaathirunnu. 2004 juunil, turkey sarkkar charchakalkkulla thangalude ahvaanangal avaganikkukayum appozhum avarude senaye akramikkukayum cheiyunnuvennu avakashappettathinaal pii. keey. keey avarude sayudha pravartthanangal punaraarambhichu. athe maasathil ekadesham 2,000 kurdish garillakal iraakhi kurdistan vazhi turkkiyilekku praveshichathaayi sarkkar avakashappettu. ippol syrian sarkkar pinthunayum 1990kalil avarkk undaayirunna manushyasakthiyum illaatha pii. keey. keey puthiya thanthrangal sweekarichu. ithu athinte feeld yoonittukalude valippam 15 ll ninnu 20 poraalikalude 6-8 teamukalaayi kuraykkukayum nerittu ettumuttalukal ozhivaakkukayum land mine, snipparukal, cheria pathiyirunnu akramanam ennivayil kooduthal aasrayikkukayum hitt aandu rann thanthrangal upayogikkukayum cheythu. iruttinusheshavum oru pradeshavum niyantrikkaan samghadana sramichittilla ennathaanu pii. keey. keey thanthrangalile mattoru maattam. 2004lum 2005lum akramam vardhichu, 2005ll padinjaaran turkeyile dussen kanakkinu bombaakramanangalkk pii. keey. keey. yeei kuttappedutthi, 2005leeii kusadasi minibus bombakramanam (anchu perr kollapetta) ulppede, pii. keey. keey utharavaaditham nishedhichu.
2006.
2006 maarchil paakkisthaanile dearbakkeerinethire turkey suraksha sena paakkisthaanile suraksha sena thammil kanatha poraattavum "uyarnna thozhilillaayma, daaridryam, pradhaanamaayum kurdish mekhalaykku kooduthal svayambharanaadhikaaram nalkaanulla ankaarayude vimukhatha" ennivayekkurichulla praadeshika rosham kaaranam valia kalaapangalum pottipurappettu. sainyam diarbakkir vimaanathaavalathilekkulla roadukal adaykkukayum niravadhi schoolukalum bisinessukalum adachupoottukayum cheythu. augustil, "turkey narakamakki maattumenn" prathijnjayeduttha kurdistan freedam hooks (tack) oru valia bombakramanam aarambhichu. august 25nuu adaanayile oru baankine lakshyamit rund ekopitha thaazhnna thalatthilulla spodanangal, august 27nuu istanbulile oru school bomb spodanathil lakshyamidukayum, august 28nuu marmarisilum anthaaliyayilum moonnu ekopitha akramanangal vinodasanjaara vyavasaayathe lakshyamidukayum, august 30nuu mersinil oru tack bomb spodanavum nadannu. eee bombaakramanangale apalapicha pii. keey. keey 2006 october 1 nuu anchaamathe vedinirthal prakhyaapichu, ithu samgharshathinte theevratha kurachu. turkey sainika pravartthanangal kaaranam cheria ettumuttalukal thudarnnu. mothatthil, 2006ll eee samgharshathil 500ladhikam perr kollappettu. 2006 februvariyil iraakhil avarude muun commandermaaril oralaaya kaani yilmaasine pii. keey. keey vadhichu.
2007.
2007 meyy maasathil ankaarayil nadanna bomb spodanathil 6 perr kollappedukayum 121 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. spodanathinu pinnil pii. keey. keey aanennu turkey sarkkar aaropichu. juun 4nuu tunseli sainika thaavalathil nadanna chaaver bomb spodanathil ezhu sainikar kollappedukayum aarr perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. paakkisthaanumaayulla poraattam pinthudarnnu turkey sainyam niravadhi thavana iraakhil praveshichathode iraakhi athirthikkappurathulla samgharshangalum aarambhichu, juunil 4 sainikar land mainsukalil kollappedukayum iraakhi kurdisthaanile valia pradeshangal shellakramanam nadathukayum ithu 9 graamangalkk kedupaadukal varuthukayum thaamasakkaare palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. 2007 october 7 nuu, 40-50 pkk poraalikal gabber parvathanirakalil 18 peradangunna turkish commando yoonittine akramikkukayum 15 commandokal kollappedukayum moonnu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu, ithu 1990-kalkk sheshamulla ettavum marakamaaya pkk akramanamaayi maari. ithinu marupadiyaayi iraakhi pradeshathinullil turkey sainyathe nadapadiyedukkaan anuvadikkunna oru niyamam pasaki. 2007 october 21 nuu, 50 aalukalude kaalaalppada yoonit nadathunna yooksekovayile daalikayile oru outpost theevravaadikal aakramichu. outpost eathaandu keezhadangukayum pii. keey. keey 12 pere kollukayum 17 pere parikkelppikkukayum 6 turkey sainikare pidikoodukayum cheythu, avare pinneedu vittayachu. thudarnnu avar iraakhi kurdisthaanilekku pinwangi. aakramanathinu sesham turkey sainyam 32 pii. keey. keey poraalikale chooderiya pinthudaral pravarthanangalil vadhichu, ennirunnaalum ithu pii. keey. keey nishedhichu. october 24 nuu turkey sainyam pii. keey. keey thaavalangal bombit prathikarikkukayum niravadhi kyaambukalum guhakalum nasippikkappedukayum 200 pii. keey. keey vimathar marikkukayum cheythu. athirthi kadannulla oru valia sainika neekkathinulla thayyaareduppukal aarambhichu.
2008.
ooppareshan sann ennu vilikkappedunna eee pradhana athirthi kadannulla akramanam 2008 februvari 21 nuu aarambikkukayum 2007 desember 16 nuu vadakkan iraakhile pii. keey. keey cambukalkkethire oru vyomaakramanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. 3,000 muthal 10,000 vare turkey sainyam aakramanathil pankedutthu. 230 oolam pii. keey. keey poraalikal bhoochalanathil kollappedukayum 27 turkey sainyam kollappedukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, ithu poornnamaayum thettaanennum 125-ladhikam turkey sainyam kollappettuvennum pkke parayumbol patthilonnu perr kollappettuvennum parayunnu. iraakh kurdisthaanile pii. keey. keey thaavalangalkkethiraya cheria thothilulla turkish pravartthanangal pinneedu thudarnnu. 2008 juulai 27nuu istanbul eratta bombingle 17 perr kollappedukayum 154 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythathinu turkey pii. keey. keye kuttappedutthi. pii. keey. keey. oru pankum nishedhichu. october 4 nuu, 2007 october hakkariyile ettumuttalukalkku sheshamulla ettavum akramasakthamaaya ettumuttal pottippurappettath 2008 ll hakkari pravishyayile semdiniliyile akthun aakramana posttine raathriyil pii. keey. keey akramichathodeyaanu. 17 turkey sainikar kollappedukayum 20 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythappol pooraattatthil 123 pii. keey. keey poraalikal kollappettu. november 10 nuu iranian kurdish vimatha grouppaaya pjak turkey sainyathinethire pooraadunnathinaayi iraaninullile pravartthanangal nirtthumennu prakhyaapichu.
2009.
2009-nte thudakkathil turkey athinte aadyathe kurdish bhasha tivi chaanalaya tii. aarr. tii 6 thurannu, 2009 march 19-nuu turkkiyil thaddesha thiranjeduppu nadannu, athil kurdish anukoola demookratik sosaitti party (dii. tii. pii) thekkukizhakkan mekhalayil bhooripaksham vottu nedi. sainika pravartthanangal avasaanippikkaanum samaadhaanathin thayyarakanum abdullah ookkalan avarodu aavasyappettathinethudarnnethu 2009 epril 13 nuu pii. keey. keey aaraamathe vedinirthal prakhyaapichu. pittennu turkey adhikrithar demookratik sosaitti partyile (dii. tii. pii) 53 kurdish raashtreeyakkaare arast cheythu. septambaril thurkkiyude erdogan-sarkkar kurdish samrambham aarambhichu, athil turkish perukal nalkappetta kurdish graamangalude perukal mattaanum abhipraaya swaathanthryathinte vyaapthi vipuleekarikkanum kurdish abhayaarthikalkku turkish pourathvam punasthaapikkaanum praadeshika sarkkaarukale shakthippeduthaanum pii. keey. keey poraalikalkku bhagika pothumaapp nalkaanum padhathikal ulppedunnu. ennaal dii. tii. pii. yeei saaramaayi baadhicha kurdish samrambhathinulla padhathikal 2009 desember 11 nuu turkey bharanaghadanaa kodathi nirodhikkukayum athinte nethaakkale theevravaadathinu vichaarana cheyyukayum cheythu. partikkethiraaya sarkkar adichamarthalil motham 1,400 dii. tii. pii amgangale arast cheyyukayum 900 pere kastadiyiledukkukayum cheythu. ithu thurkkiyiludaneelam kurdukalude valia kalaapathin kaaranamavukayum kurdish anukoolikalum suraksha sena turkey anukoola prakadanakkaarum thammilulla akramasakthamaaya ettumuttalukalil kalashikkukayum niravadhi perkku parikkelkkukayum maranappedukayum cheythu. desember 7 nuu pii. keey. keey resadiyil oru pathiyiripp nadathukayum athil ezhu perr kollappedukayum moonnu turkey sainikarkk parikkelkkukayum cheythu, ithu 1990-kalkk sesham aaa mekhalayile ettavum marakamaaya pii. keey. keey akramanamaayi maari.
2010.
2010 meyy 1 nuu pii. keey. keey vedinirthal avasaanippichu, tunselil akramanam nadatthi, athil naalu perr kollappedukayum ezhu sainikarkk parikkelkkukayum cheythu. meyy 31 nuu abdullah ookkalan turkey sarkkaarumaayi veendum bandhappedunnathinum charchakal sthaapikkunnathinumulla thante sramangal avasaanippichathaayi prakhyaapichu, ithu samgharshathinte chumatala pii. keey. keey unnatha commandermark vittu. pii. keey. keey pinneedu sayudha pravartthanangal sakthamaakki, schnenderoonile naavika thaavalathinu nereyundaaya misail aakramanathil 7 perr kollappedukayum 6 sainikarkk parikkelkkukayum cheythu. juun 18,19 theeyathikalil kanatha poraattam pottippurappedukayum 12 pii. keey. keey poraalikalum 12 turkey sainikarum 17 turkey sainikarkkum parikkelkkukayum cheythu, pii. keey. keey hakkari, elassig pravisyakalil moonnu vyathyastha akramanangal nadatthi.
2010 juulai 20nuu hakkariyil nadanna mattoru valia aakramanathil aarr turkey sainikar kollappedukayum pathinezh turkey sainikarkk parikkelkkukayum oru pii. keey. keey poraali kollappedukayum cheythu. adutha divasam, kurdish prashnam charchakaliloode pariharichenkil pii. keey. keey. thangalude aayudangal upekshikkumennu pii. keey. keey nethaavu murat karayilan prakhyapikkukayum eee aavasyam paalichillengil swaathanthryam prakhyaapikkumenn bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu. juulai 14 nakam thangal 187 pere vadichathaayum 160 pii. keey. keey poraalikale pidikoodiyathaayum turkey adhikrithar avakashappettu. juulai 27 aayappozhekkum turkey warta vrithangal nooriladhikam suraksha senaamgangalude maranangal report cheythu, ithu 2009 leeii motham maranasamkhyaye marikadannu. ennirunnaalum, august 12 nuu pii. keey. keey ramadaan vedinirthal prakhyaapichu. eee kaalayalavil turkey thangalkkethire 80 ladhikam sainika pravartthanangal aarambhichuvenn aaropichittum 2011 juun 12 nuu nadanna turkey pothu thiranjeduppu vare novemberil vedinirthal neettiyirunnu. vedinirthal undaayirunnittum, seart, hakkari pravisyakalil thirichadikaliloode 12 turkey sainikar kollappettukond pii. keey. keey eee sainika pravarthanangalkku marupadi nalki.
2011.
2011 februvari 28nuu neratthe vedinirthal pinvalikkapettu. taamasiyaathe vadakkan iraakhiloode turkeyilekku kadakkaan shramikkunnathinide moonnu pii. keey. keey poraalikal kollappettu. meyy maasathil, 12 pii. keey. keey poraalikalum 5 sainikarum theevravaada virudha pravarthanangalil kollappettu. ithu pinneedu kurdish anukoola pease aandu democracy party (bii. dii. pii) aarambhicha sivil nissahakarana prachaaranatthinte bhaagamaayi thurkkiyiludaneelam valia kurdish prathishedhatthinu kaaranamaayi, eee prathishedhatthinide 2 perr kollappedukayum 308 perkku parikkelkkukayum 2,506 pere turkey adhikrithar arast cheyyukayum cheythu. juun 12 leeii thiranjeduppil thekk-kizhakk 36 seettukal nediya kurdish anukoola pease aandu democracy party (bii. dii. pii) charitraparamaaya prakadanam nadannu, ithu kurdish pradeshangalil 30 seettukal maathram nediya bharanakakshiyaya justice aandu development partyekkaal (eiii. keey. pii) kooduthalaanu. ennirunnaalum, thiranjedukkappetta 36 bii. dii. pii prathinidhikalil aarr perr 2011 juun vare turkey jayilukalilaan. jayilil kazhiyunna aarr prathinidhikalil oralaaya haattip dicaline bharanaghadanaa kodathi thiranjeduttha sthaanathu ninnu neekkam cheyyukayum athinusesham 30 swatantra empimar turkey paarlament bahishkarikkumennu prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. randaazhchaykkullil 20 turkey sainikare vadhicha joolaiyil kuranjathu 10 pii. keey. keey poraalikalenkilum kollappettathode pii. keey. keey veendum akramanam sakthamaakki. 2011 august 17nuu turkey sayudha seena kurdish vimatharkkethire onniladhikam reydukal nadatthi, 132 lakshyangal aakramichu. general staaf parayunnathanusarichu, aarr divasathe vyomaakramanathil turkey sainyam vadakkan iraakhile pii. keey. keey lakshyangal bombit thakarthu, avide <aii. dii. 1> pii. keey. keey sainikar kollappedukayum kuranjathu 80 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. juulai muthal septambar vare vadakkan iraakhil iraan pajaakkinethire akramanam nadatthi, athu septambar 29 nuu vedinirthalinu kaaranamaayi. vedinirthalinu sesham juck iraanil ninnu sainyathe pinvalikkukayum turkeyumaayi poraadaan pkkeyumaayi cherukayum cheythu. october 28 nuu sukurkayil kollapetta aarr pjak poraalikaleppole october, november maasangalil kollapetta kalaapakaarikalil iranian pouranmaarude ennathil kuthane vardhanayundaayathaayi turkish theevravaada virudha pravartthanangal report cheythu. october 19nuu, kukkarkkayilum yooksekovayilum oresamayam nadanna 8 pii. keey. keey akramanangalil irupathiyaaru turkey sainikar kollappedukayum 18 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu, hakkari proveenil 10,000 umm 15,000 umm muzhuvan samaya akramanangal, ithu ekkaalatheyum uyarnna nirakkaanu.
2012.
2012 venalkkaalath, syrian aabhyanthara yudhathinu samaantharamaayi president bashar alle asad syriayile niravadhi kurdish nagarangalude niyanthranam pii. keey. keyude syrian anubandhamaaya paidinu vittukoduthathode pii. keey. keyumaayulla samgharsham akramasakthamaaya oru valavu eduthu, kurdukalkkethiraaya turkey sayudha icis mattu islaamika grouppukalum. assad sarkkaaraan samghathe aayudhamaakkiyathennu turkey videshakaarya mantri ahmet davutoglu aaropichu. varshangalile ettavum akramasakthamaayathaayi visheshippikkappedunna hakkari pravisyayil juunilum augustilum kanatha ettumuttalukal nadannu. iraanil ninnum iraakhil ninnum pattanatthilekku nayikkunna roadukal thadayukayum, nagaram veendum pidichedukkaan ayaykkunna turkish motor unitukale pathiyirunnu akramikkunnathinaayi uyarnna nilathu dii. ezz. echu. keey hevi mesheen gannukalum rokkatt loncharukalum sthaapikkukayum cheythukondu pii. keey. keey. semdinliyude niyanthranam pidichedukkaanum turkey sainyathe oru "frondall yudhathil" earppeduthaanum shramichu. ennirunnaalum turkey sainyam vaayuvil ninnulla kanatha aayudangal nasippichum pii. keey. keey verode pizhutheriyaan deerghadoora peerankikal upayogichum kenii ozhivaakki. 115 garillakale vadichathaayum aarr sinikareyum rund villej gaardukaleyum maathram nashtappettathaayum avakaashappettukond august 11 nuu turkey sainyam prakhyaapicha ooppareshan vijayakaramaayi avasaanichu. august 20nuu gassianteppil nadanna marakamaaya bomb spodanathil ettu perr kollappedukayum 66 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. kkeke parayunnathanusarichu 400 shellakramanam, vyoma bombakramanam, sayudha ettumuttalukal enniva augustil nadannu. 2012nte thudakkam muthal 110 turkey sainikarum 475 pii. keey. keey theevravaadikalum kollappettathayi septambar 24nuu turkey general nekdett oasal avakashappettu.
samadhana prakriya 2012-2015.
2012 desember 28 nuu, prashnam pariharikkan sarkkaarin oru padhathi undo enna chodyathinu oru television abhimukhathil, jayilil kazhiyunna vimatha nethaavu ookkalanumaayi sarkkar charchakal nadathukayaanennu erdogan paranju. charchakalkku thudakkathil "parihara prakriya" (Çözüm sürechi) ennu perittu. charchakal nadakkumbol, charchakal paalam thettikkunnathinulla attimariyayi kanakkakkappetta niravadhi sambhavangal undaayi paareesil pii. keey. keey administrettarmaaraaya sakin cancis, fidan dogan, laila soilmes ennivarude kolapathakam, kurdish anukoola party peeples demookratik partyumaayulla (echdipi) ookkalan nadatthiya charchakal "milliyett" pathram vazhi pothujanagalkk velippeduthukayum oduvil, ankaarayile akku party aasthaanathulla thurkkiyudeyum erdoganteyum neethinyaaya manthraalayathinteyum oafees bombit nasippikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, moonnu sambhavangalum sambhavichathine irupakshavum shakthamayi apalapikkukayum avaa enthaayaalum nirnnayikkappettathaanne prasthavikkukayum cheythu. oduvil 2013 march 21 nuu, turkey sarkkarumaayulla maasangalude charchakalkku sesham, diyaarbaakarile nauroos aakhoshavelayil abdullah okkalan janangalkulla kathu turkish, kurdish bhashakalil vaayichu. niraayudheekaranavum turkey mannil ninnu pinwangalum ulppedunna vedinirthal, "sayudha poraattatthinu anthyam" enniva ulppedunna vedinirthal karaarine kathil vilichirunnu. 2013 yuddham vazhiyo samaadhaanathiloodeyo parihaaratthinte varshamaanennu prasthaavichukondu thangal anusarikkumennu pii. keey. keey prakhyaapichu. pii. keey. keey pinvalichathine thudarnnu vyakthamaaya nadapadikal sweekarikkumennu prasthaavicha kathe erdogan swaagatham cheythu.
2013 epril 25 nuu, turkkiyile ellah sainyangaleyum vadakkan iraakhilekku pinvalikkumennu pii. keey. keey prakhyaapichu. turkey sarkkarum kurdukalum mikka maadyamangalum parayunnathanusarichu, eee neekkam 30 varsham pazhakkamulla samgharshathinte avasaanathe adayaalappeduthunnu. kurdukalude manushyaavakashangal amgeekarikkunnathinulla bharanaghadanaaparavum niyamaparavumaaya mattangal ulppedunna randaam ghattam pinvalikkalumaayi aarambikkunnu.
vardhanavu.
2014 october 6,7 theeyathikalil kobane uparodhathil prathishedhichathinu turkkiyile vividha nagarangalil kalapam pottipurappettu. turkey sarkkar icisine pinthunaykkunnuvennum kobane kurdukalkku pinthuna ayaykkaan aalukale anuvadikkillennum kurdukal aaropichu. prathishedhakkaarkku nere kanneer vaathakavum jalapeerankiyum prayogichu. prathishedhatthil 37 perr kollappettu. eee prathishedhangalil, pii. keey. keey. yum hizbullah anubhaavikalum thammil marakamaaya ettumuttalukal nadannu. rajyath vardhichuvarunna samgharshangalude adayaalamaayi 2015 januvariyil 3 sainikar pii. keey. keey. yude aakramanathil kollappettu.
2015-innuvare.
2015 juunil, pradhana syrian kurdish milishya, vaii. pii. jii, turkeyude pradhana kurdish anukoola partyaya echdipi ennivar islaamik stettu (aii. ezz) sainikare athirthi kadakkanum syriayile kurdish nagaramaya kobani akramikkaanum anuvadichathaayi turkey kuttappedutthi. 2015 juulai 20 nuu purogamana pravartthakarkku nereyundaaya surukk bombaakramanathetthudarnna turkey pkk thammilulla samgharsham rookshamaayi. 2015 juulai ooppareshan samayat, iraakhile pii. keey. keey thaavalangalilum siriyayude kurdish mekhalayile rojaavayile pied thaavalangalilum turkey bombittu, selanpanar pattanatthil rund poleesukaare vadhichathinodu prathikarikkukayum vedinirthal phalapradamaayi avasanippikkukayum cheythu (vardhichuvarunna samgharshangalkku sesham). turkey yudhavimaanangal syriayile vaii. pii. jii thaavalangalilum bombakramanam nadatthi.
akramam taamasiyaathe thurkkiyiludaneelam vyaapichu. niravadhi kurdish bisinasukal janakkoottam nashippichu. kurdish anukoola peeples demookratik party (echdipi) aasthaanavum shaakhakalum akramikkappettu. kurdish janasamkhyayulla niravadhi pattanangalilum gramangalilum saadhaaranakkaar kollappettathayi reportukalundu. saadhaaranakkaarkethiraaya aakramanangalekkurichum 2015 septambar 4 nuu sisar uparodhathekkurichum europe kaunsil avarude aashankakal unnayichu.
ennaal kurdish vimatha poraalikal nischalamaayi irikkaathe ninnu 2015 septambaril adaanayil kurdish akramikal police vaahanathin nere vediyuthirkkukayum rund udyogasthar kollappedukayum cheythathayi oru turkish govarnor avakashappettu, koodaathe hakkari pravisyayil pii. keey. keey vimatharumaayulla chila "ettumuttalukal" nadannathaayi parayappedunnu. juulai 23num septambar avasaanathinum idayil 150 turkey udyogastharum 2,000 kurdish vimatharum kollappettathayi president erdogan avakashappettu. 2015 desemberil thekkukizhakkan turkeyile kurdish pradeshangalil nadanna turkish sainika pravartthanangal noorukanakkinu saadhaaranakkaare kollukayum lakshakkanakkin aalukale mattippaarppikkukayum paarppida pradeshangalil vann naashanashtangal srishtikkukayum cheythu. human raitts vaachu (echardableu) report anusarichu, "praadeshika manushyavakaasha samghadanakal nooriladhikam sivilian maranangalum onniladhikam parikkukalum rekhappeduthiyittundu."
2016leeii vasanthakaalath yudhapravarthanangalil kaalaanusrithamaaya vardhanavundaayi. meyy maasathil, oru turkish bell aahu-1 supercobra helikopttar russian nirmmitha maanpaadukal vedivechittathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu.
2016 meyy 6 nuu, kurdish pii. keey. keey. kku chuttum nirmmicha oru kuda samghadanayaaya echbi. bii. echu. vadakkukizhakkan turkeyile girson pravishyayile gendermery general command bays aakramichu. warta reportukal prakaram, oru gendermery vaahanathe lakshyamit rodarikile bomb pottitherichu. aakramanathil moonnu gendermar marichathaayum lakshyamitta bays commander kollappettathaayum meyy 8 nuu echu. dii. bii. echu. aakramanathinte utharavaaditham etteduthu.
pradhaanamaayum turkey sainikareyo gendarmukaleyo lakshyamit eee mekhalayile niravadhi aakramanangalude utharavaaditham echbidiechinte samyuktha command etteduthittundu. sakhyam upayogikkunna thanthrangal pii. keey. keey upayogikkunna thanthrangalumaayi valare saamyamullathaan. 2016leeii turkish attimari sramathinu naalu divasathinu sesham 2016 juulai 19naanu ettavum sradheyamaaya akramanam nadannathu. annu raavile trabson pravisyayil 11 turkish kalapa poleesukaare <aii. dii. 1> ll konnathayi echbi. dii. echu report cheythu. anjjaatharaaya akramikal" oru police checkpostinu nere vediyuthirthathaayi dogan warta ejansi report cheytha aakramanathinte samayavum sthalavum echbdh report sthirathayullathaanu. oru saadhaaranakkaaranodoppam 3 udyogasthar kollappedukayum 5 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythathayi eee report parayunnu.
2018 januvariyil turkey sainyavum athinte swatantra syrian sainyavum shamm lejian sakhyakakshikalum vadakkan syriayile kurdish bhooripakshamaaya afrin kantanil syriayileyum yuu. esileyum kurdish neethrthwathilulla demookratik union partikkethire athirthi kadannulla ooppareshan aarambhichu.ezz.-vaii. pii. jii kurdish milissia pinthunachu. 2018 maarchil vadakkan iraakhile kurdish pii. keey. keey poraalikale unmoolanam cheiyunnathinaayi turkey sainika nadapadikal aarambhichu. ennirunnaalum, pii. keey. keey iraakhil athinte pravartthanangal vipuleekarichathinaal ithu parajayappettu.
2019 octoberil turkey sainyam vadakkan syriayil syrian kurdukalkkethire oru ooppareshan aarambhichu, athine ooppareshan pease spring ennu vilikkunnu.
2015 muthal 2016 vare pii. keey. keey bandikalaakkiya 13 sinikareyum police udyogasthareyum oru rakshaapravarthanathinide vadhichathayi 2021 februvari 14 nuu turkey prathirodha mantri hulusi akar avakashappettu. parajayappetta ooppareshanu vendi erdogan america kurdish raashtreeyakkaareyum kuttappedutthi, athesamayam chp nethaavu kalidaroslu maranangalkk utharavaadikal erdoganaanennu aaropichu. ooppareshanil turkey vyomaakramanathilaan bandikal kollappettathenn pii. keey. keey avakashappettu. maricha oru bandiyaaya semih ösbey-yude pithaavine thante makane thirichariyaan vilippichu, turkey manushyavakaasha association president parayunnathanusarichu, makante thalayil vediyundayude murivu kandathayi paranju. bandikale vadhichu ennu thaan vishwasikkunnuvennum ennaal makante mukhatthinte oru chithram maathram kaanichuvennum mrithadeham kaanaan visammathichuvennum soskuvinu nalkia abhimukhathil pithaav abhiprayappettu. thante makante thadavil addeham echdipi empisumaayum erdogaanumaayum aavarthichu samsaarichenkilum oru prayojanavum undaayillennum addeham koottichertthu. neratthe pii. keey. keyil ninnu bandikale madangaan sahaayichirunna turkey manushyavakaasha association, charchakalkku sahayikkaanulla avarude vaagdaanangal samsthaana udyogasthar nirasichathaayi paranju.
2022 epril 17 nuu, kdpyudeyum mettina, sapp, awashin ennivayulppedeyulla lakshyamitta pradeshangaludeyum pinthunayode iraakhi kurdisthaanilekku (pii. keey. keey claim) athirthi kadannulla aakramana ooppareshan ulppetta ooppareshan kloo-loock aarambhichu. nilavil ooppareshan thudarukayaanu.
2022 meyy maasathil, naatto sakhyathil cheraan sweeden finland aavashyappettappol, eee rajyangal praadeshika kurdish, gulenist shringalakalkkethire nadapadiyedukkunnillengil turkey avarude anuranjanathe ethirthu. turkkiyile saambathika prathisandhiyil ninnu shradha thirikkunnathinum varaanirikkunna thiranjeduppukalil nannayi earppedunnathinumulla oru rashtreeya cardai eee neekkam abhipraayappettittund, videsha shakthikalkkum kurdukalkkum ethire aakramanathmaka nilapad sweekarikkukayum avar eiii. keey. pick anukoolamaavukayum cheiyunnu. 2022 juun 28nuu madridil nadanna naatto uchakodiyude aadya divasam, turkey prathinidhi samgham finlandinum sweeden ethiraaya ethirppu pinvalikkukayum aayudha kayattumathiyeyum kurdish-turkey samgharshatheyum kurichulla thurkkiyude aashankakale abhisambodhana cheiyunna oru trikakshi nivedanathil oppidukayum cheythu. 2022 juun 30 nuu turkey president resep thayyip erdogan, turkey aavashyappedunna 73 theevravaadikale kaimarumennu sweeden vaagdaanam cheythathayi paranju.
2022 november 13nuu istanbulil nadanna bomb spodanathil aarr perr kollappettu. oru kurdish syrian vighadanavaadiyaanu bomb sthaapichathennum avare arast cheythathaayum turkey parayunnu. november 20 nuu, turkey ooppareshan kloo vaal aarambhichu-iraakhile pii. keey. keey sthaanangalkkum syriayile syrian demookratik fozhsu sthaanangalkkum nere vyomaakramanam nadatthi.
serhildan.
1990 march 14 nuu, 20 kaaranaya pii. keey. keey poraali kamuran dundarinte shavasamskara velayil, niravadhi divasangalkku munbu syria vazhi turkeyilekku kadannu mattu 13 poraalikalkkoppam turkey sainyam kollapetta nusaibin enna peril serhildan athawa janakeeya prakshobham aarambhichu. oru kurdish deseeya kudumbatthil ninnulla dunder addehathinte mrithadeham avakaashappedukayum nusaibinil addehathinu shavasamskaram nadathukayum cheythu, athil addehathe nagaratthile pradhana palliyilekku konduvarikayum 5000 pere march nadathukayum cheythu. madakkayaathra akramasakthamaakukayum prathishedhakkaar poleesumaayi ettumuttukayum irupakshavum parasparam vediyuthirkkukayum niravadhi perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. thudarnnu nusaibinil curfue earppeduthukayum taankukalum prathyeka sena konduvarikayum 700 oolam pere arast cheyyukayum cheythu. kalapam aduthulla pattanangalilekkum 15,000thiladhikam aalukalilekkum vyaapichu, pattanatthile janasamkhyayude pakuthiyolam varunna kalaapathil anchu perr kollappedukayum 80 perkku parikkelkkukayum 155 pere arast cheyyukayum cheythu. akkaalat nirodhicha kurdish puthuvalsara aakhoshamaaya nauroosil thekkukizhakkan mekhalayiludaneelam vyapakamaaya kalapangal nadannu. adutha randaazhchaykkullil prathishedhangal mandagathiyilaayi, palarum veettil thanne thudaraan thudangi, factory kuthiyirippu, mandagathiyilulla pravartthanangal, thozhil bahishkaranam, "anadhikritha" panimudakkukal enniva samsthaanathinte prathishedhamaayi nadannuvenkilum turkish seena edapedendathillennu utharavittu.
march 21-nuu allengil nauroosil palappozhum prathishedhangal nadakkaarundu. ettavum shradheyamaayi 1992ll raajyathudaneelamulla aayirakkanakkin prathishedhakkaar suraksha senayumaayi ettumuttiyappol, prathishedhathe aakramikkaruthenn president sulaiman dimirelinte utharavu sainyam anusarichillennu aaropikkapettu. aaa varshathe nauros prathishedhatthil undaaya kanatha akramatthil 55 perr kollappettu, pradhaanamaayum ırnak (26 perr kollappettu), cisre (29 perr kollappettu), nusaybin (14 perr kollappettu), athil oru police udyogasthanum oru sinikanum ulppedunnu. 200-ladhikam perkku parikkelkkukayum 200 pere arast cheyyukayum cheythu. utsava velayil pattanatthil praveshichathaayi addeham aaropicha 500 muthal 1,500 vare sayudha vimatharaan akramathinu kaaranamenn shnack govarnor mustafa malaay paranju. ennirunnaalum, "suraksha seena avarude lakshyangal shariyaayi sthaapichittillennum sivilian veedukalkku valia kedupaadukal varuthiyennum addeham sammathichu."
1999 februvari 15nuu abdullah ookkalan pidichadakkiyathinusesham ellah varshavum aaa theeyathiyil prathishedhangalum nadakkunnu.
naashanashtangal.
1984 muthal 2016 vare samgharshathil 36,345 perr kollappettathayi turkey suraksha srothassine udharichu anadolu ejansi purathuvitta kanakkukal vyakthamaakkunnu. 2016 aayappozhekkum turkkiyile maathram 6,741 saadhaaranakkaarum 6,833 suraksha senaamgangalum (5,347 sainikar, 1,466 villej gaardukal, 283 poleesukaar) 40,000-thiladhikam pii. keey. keey poraalikalum ithil ulppedunnu. 2012 vare kollappettavaril 157 perr adhyapakaraayirunnu. 1984 august muthal 2007 juun vare motham 13,327 sainikarkkum 7,620 saadhaaranakkaarkkum parikkettathaayi parayappedunnu. 1984num 1991num idayil ekadesham 2,500 perr kollappettathaayum 1991num 1995num idayil 17,500ladhikam perr kollappettathaayum parayappedunnu. 1985 muthal 1996 vare graamarakshakaraan kolapathakangal nadathiyathennu audyogika kanakkukal soochippikkunnu.
ettavum puthiya kanakkukalkk vipareethamaayi, turkish sainyathinte muun kanakkukal prakaram 2007 joonode 26,128 perr kollappettappol 2009 maarchode 29,704 perr kollappettappol, 2004ll randaam kalapam aarambhichathinum 2009 maarchinum idayil 2,462 perr kollappettathayi avakashappettu. ennirunnaalum, <aii. dii. 1> kaalayalavile sainyam nalkia pilkkala kanakkukal prakaram kollapetta pii. keey. keey amgangalude ennam 21,800 aayi kurachu.
saadhaaranakkaarude maranathinu pii. keey. keey. yum turkey sainyavum parasparam kuttappeduthiyittundu. 1970kall muthal, kurdish janathaykkethiraya aayirakkanakkin manushyavakaasha lamghanangalkku europian manushyavakaasha kodathi turkey apalapichittundu. kurdish pouranmaare chittayaya vadhasiksha, peedippikkal, nirbandhitha sthaanabhramsham, aayirakkanakkin nasippikkappetta gramangal, ekapaksheeyamaaya arasttukal, kollappedukayum kaanaathaavukayum cheytha kurdish pathrapravartthakar, raashtreeyakkaar, pravartthakar ennivarumaayi bandhappettathaan vidhinyaayangal. kurdish saadhaaranakkaare vadhichathinum ekkar (kuskonar koottakkola) yill pii. keey. keye kuttappeduthiyathinum turkey apalapichittundu.
manushyavakaasha samghadanakalude abhipraayathil, kalaapathinte thudakkam muthal 4,000 gramangal nasippikkappettittundu, athil 380,000 muthal kurdish gramavaasikal vare pradhaanamaayum turkey sainyam avarude veedukalil ninnu nirbandhithamaayi ozhippichu. loss enchals kaalamanusarichu 5,000 thurkkikalum 35,000 kurdukalum kollappettu, 17,000 kurdukal aprathyakshamaayi, 119,000 kurdukal thadavilakkappettu. maanushika niyama padhathi prakaram, 2,400 kurdish gramangal nasippikkappedukayum 18,000 kurdukal vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. 2009 leeii kanakkanusarichu aabhyantharamaayi kudiyozhippikkappettil kanakkaakkappedunna motham 3,000,000 aalukal (pradhaanamaayum kurdukal) samgharsham moolam kudiyozhippikkappettu. assyrian nyoonapakshatheyum saaramaayi baadhichu, kaaranam ippol janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum (50-60 ayiram/70,000) europil abhayam thedunnu.
2011 joolaiyile kanakkanusarichu pii. keey. keyude maranasamkhya 18,000 aanennu bii. dii. piyil ninnulla thiranjedukkappetta empiyaaya sebat tyoonsel parayunnu.
2012leeii vedinirthalinu munbu.
upsala samgharsha daatta prograam ithuvare rekhappeduthiyittullathil, aadya kalaapathinide 984 perum vedinirthal samayat 368-467 umm randaam kalaapakaalath 188 perum maricha, ithuvare, 25,825-30,22,729-25, enningane, 699 perr kollappettu. yuu. sii. dii. pii. yude kanakkanusarichu 1989 muthal 2011 vareyulla kaalayalavil undaaya naashanashtangal thaazhepparayunnavayaanu
republic oof turkeyileyum turkish gendermeryileyum general dayaraktarettu oof securityileyum general staaf parayunnathanusarichu 1984 num 2012 num idayil samgharshathil undaaya naashanashtangal, republic oof turkeyileyum turkish gendermeryileyum general staafinte daattayude onniladhikam vishakalanangal anusarichu 2012 vare thaazhepparayunnavayaayirunu
2013 muthal vedinirthal muthal puthiya ettumuttalukal vare.
kurdish-turkish samgharshavumaayi bandhapetta naashanashtangalude track beljiyam aasthaanamaayulla crisis group sookshikkunnu. eee daatta sariyaaya turkeyilekku parimithappedutthiyirikku, koodaathe syriayilo iraakhilo munkootty pravartthikkunnathil ninnulla naashanashtangal ulppedunnilla.
2015 joolaiyil vedinirthal karar thakarnnu, 2015 nuu rund vyathyastha kaalaghattangalaayi vibhajikkapettu.
baahya pravartthanangal.
pii. keey. keey. yumayi bandhappettathayi tharamthirickunna turkey grouppukale akramikkunnathinaayi syriayilum iraakhilum niravadhi akramanangalkkum niravadhi graundu ooppareshanukalkkum turkey neethrthwam nalkiyittundu.
janasamkhyaaparamaaya prabhavam.
turkeyude kizhakkum thekk-kizhakkum bhaagathulla kurdish pradeshangalude thurkkivilppana aadhunika turkish desheeyathayude aadyakaala aashayangalilum nayangalilum bandhikkappettirunnu, 1918 muthal turkey desheeyavaadiyaaya siyaa gokkalppinte "thurkkivilppana, islaamikavalkkaranam, aadunikavalkkaranam" ennivayude prakadanapathrika vare. shaasthram, saankethikavidya, pareekshanangal ennivaye aasrayikkunna manushyasamoohathe nirmmikkanum mechappeduthaanum punarnirmmikkanumulla manushyante kazhivine oonnipparayunna oru chinthapravanathayaaya purogamanavaadatthinte oru prathyeka vyaakhyaanam vikasichukondirikkunna yuva turke manassakshi sweekarichu. saamoohika parinaamathekkurichulla eee ashayam janasamkhyaa niyanthrana nayangale pinthunaykkaanum nyaayeekarikkaanum upayogichu. kurdish kalapangal turkish kemalistukalkku atharam ashayangal nadappilakkaan sukhakaramaaya oru ozhikazhivu nalkukayum 1934-ll oru settilment niyamam purappeduvikkukayum cheythu. ithu samoohathinte avastha thammilulla aashayavinimayathinte sankeernamaaya oru maathruka srishtichu, athil bharanakoodam vidoora bhoomishaasthrathil thangalude janangale anukoolichu, sathrukkalaayi adayaalappeduthiya pradeshavaasikalaal janavasam.
1990kalil kurdish-turkish samgharsham kaaranam pradhaanamaayum kurdish aadipathyamulla kizhakkan, thekkukizhakkan turkey (kurdistan) janavasam illaathaayi. turkey valia thothil grameena vaasasthalangal illaathaakkukayum nasippikkukayum cheythu, athinte falamaayi nagarapradeshangalil oru grameena kurdish janasamkhya vanthothil punaradhivasikkukayum graamapradeshangaliludam janasamkhyaa settilment padhathikalude vikasanathilekkum punarroopakalppanayilekkum nayikkukayum cheythu. parayunnathanusarichu doow. joost jungerden, 1990-kalile turkish kudiyetta, punaradhivasa nayangal enniva rund vyathyastha shakthikalude swaadheenathilaayirunnu-grameena mekhalakalilekku bharanam vipuleekarikkaanulla aagrahavum nagaravalkkaranathekkurichullu oru badal kazhchappadum, "turkishness" srishtikkunnu.
manushyavakaasha lamghanangal.
samgharshathinidayil turkey pii. keey. keyum niravadhi manushyavakaasha lamghanangal nadathiyittundu.
turkeyile muun franch ambasseder eric raulo parayunnu
neethinyaaya manthraalayatthinte kanakkanusarichu, sainika pracharanangalil kollapetta 35,000 perkku purame, 1984num 1998num idayil 17,500 perr kollappettu. 1999nte aadya ombathu maasangalil 1,000 perr koodi kollappettathayi reportund. turkish pathrangal parayunnathanusarichu, eee kuttakrithyangalude rachayithakkal, aareyum arast cheythitilla, suraksha ejansikalkkaayi neritto allaatheyo jolie cheiyunna koolippadayaalikalude grouppukalil pettavaraan.
turkey vashath ninnulla durupayogam.
1970kall muthal, kurdish janathaykkethiraya aayirakkanakkin manushyavakaasha lamghanangalkku europian manushyavakaasha kodathi turkey apalapichittundu. kurdish siviliyanmaarude chittayaya vadhasiksha, nirbandhitha recruitmentukal, peedanam, nirbandhitha sthaanabhramsham, aayirakkanakkin nasippikkappetta gramangal, ekapaksheeyamaaya arasttukal, kollappedukayum kaanaathaavukayum cheytha kurdish maadhyamapravarthakare sambandhichathaanu vidhinyaayangal. ettavum puthiya vidhikal 2014 muthalullathaanu. david ell. philippeensil, kurdish prathipaksha partykalumaayum samghadanakalumaayum bandhapetta 1,500-ladhikam aalukal 1986 num 1996 num idayil anjjaatharaaya akramikalaal kollappettu. sarkkar pinthunayulla koolippadayaalikal noorukanakkinu samshayikkappedunna pii. keey. keey anubhaavikale vadhichu. 1987num 2000num idayil nadanna samgharshathil kuranjathu 3,438 sivilian maranangalkk turkey manushyavakaasha samghadanakal turkey sarkkaarine utharavaadiyaakkunnu.
koottakkolakal.
1992 novemberil turkish gendermery officermaar kanatha aayudangal upayogichu avarkkum avarude veedukalkkum nere vedivaykkunnathinu munbu keleki graamatthile ellah nivaasikaleyum ozhippikkaan avare nirbandhichu. sainikar onpathu veedukalkku theeyidukayum graamavaasikalellaam oodippokaan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu sainikar graamatthinte backie bhagangal kathikkukayum 136 veedukalum nasippikkukayum cheythu.
1993ll mehmet oguttineyum garbhiniyaya bharya avarude ezhu makkaleyum turkey prathyeka senaamgangal kathichu konnu. turkey adhikrithar thudakkathil pii. keey. keye kuttappeduthukayum 17 varshathinu sesham veendum thurakkunnathuvare cases anweshikkaan visammathikkukayum cheythu. 2014 avasaanathode moonnu jendarme offeesarmaarkkum oru special fozhsu amgathinum ombathu sainikarkkum jeevaparyantham thadavu shiksha vidhichukondu anweshanam avasaanichu.
1993 augustil prathishedhatthinide turkey suraksha seena vediyuthirkkukayum 10 perr kollappedukayum 51 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
1993 septambar 8nuu turkey vyomasena munsur parvathangalkk sameepam bomb varshichu 2 sthreekale vadhichu. athe varsham, turkey suraksha seena paine pattanatthe akramikkukayum 401 veedukalum 242 kadakalum nasippikkukayum muppatholam saadhaaranakkaare koottakkola cheyyukayum nooriladhikam painmark parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
1994 march 26nuu turkey sainika vimaanangalum (eph-16) oru helikopttarum rund gramangal chutti sanjarichu bombit 38 kurdish saadhaaranakkaare konnu. turkey adhikrithar pii. keey. keey. yeei kuttappeduthukayum maricha kuttikalude chithrangal edukkukayum pathrangalil pracharippikkukayum cheythu. erakalude kudumbangalkk 2,3 dasalaksham euro nalkanamennu europian manushyavakaasha kodathi turkey vidhichu. kuskonar koottakkola ennaanu eee sambhavam ariyappedunnathu.
1995ll, turkey sainikar kurdish saadhaaranakkaare kollunnathum avarude mrithadehangalude chithrangal avar kondupoya aayudangal upayogichu edukkunnathum saadhaarana reethiyaanennu manushyavakaasha nireekshana kendram report cheythu. kollapetta saadhaaranakkaar pii. keey. keey "theevravaadikal" ennu maadyamangalodu paranju.
1995ll europian pathram thangalude onnaam pejil kurdish pii. keey. keey poraalikalude shirachhedam cheytha thalakalumayi cameraykku munnil poses cheytha turkey sainikarude chithrangal prasidheekarichu. kurdish poraalikale turkish special fozhsu sainikar shirachhedam cheythu.
2006 march avasaanathode, pii. keey. keey poraalikalude shavasamskaram thadayaan shramicha turkey suraksha seena prathishedhakkaarumaayi ettumutti, 10 vayassinu thaazheyulla naalu kuttikal ulppede ettu kurdish prathishedhakkaarenkilum kollappettu.
iraakhile kurdistan mekhalayile candle parvathanirakalile sergel graamatthil nadanna niyamavirudhamaaya aakramanathil turkey sarkkar vyomaakramanathil ettu thamasakkaar kollappedukayum oru kutty ulppede ettu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythathayi 2015 augustil aamnasti internaashanal report cheythu.
2016 januvari 21nuu aamnasti internaashanal prasidheekaricha oru reportil 150ladhikam saadhaaranakkaar kollappettu. aamnasti internaashanal parayunnathanusarichu, 19-ladhikam vyathyastha pattanangalilum jillakalilum curfue earppeduthiyittundu, ithu lakshakkanakkin aalukalude jeevan apakadatthilaakkunnu. koodaathe, chalanathinum mattu ekapaksheeyamaaya nadapadikalkkumulla sarkkaarinte asamamaya niyanthranangal 1949 leeii jeneeva kanvenshanukalkku keezhilulla oru yudhakkuttamaaya koottaaya shikshaykk samaanamaanenn report prasthaavichu.
2019ll turkey sainikar peeranki aakramanathil 11 kurdish saadhaaranakkaare vadhichu, athil 8 perr kuttikalaanu.
1992-ll manushyavakaasha nireekshanam ingane parayunnu
germmaniyile turkish-kurdish manushyavakaasha pravartthakar pii. keey. kekkethire turkey raasaayudhangal upayogikkunnathaayi aaropichu. foto forgery sambandhicha jarmman vidagdhanaaya hans boumaan photokalude aadhikaarikatha anweshikkukayum phottokal aadhikaarikamaanennu avakaashappedukayum cheythu. hamberg yooniversitti ashupatri puratthirakkiya forencic report aaropanangale pinthunachittundu. germmaniyile green partyil ninnulla cladia roht turkey sarkkarinodu vishadeekaranam aavasyappettu. turkey videshakaarya manthraalaya vakthaav selsuk unal eee vishayathil abhiprayappettu. aropanangal adisthaanarahithamaanennu oonnipparayenda aavasyamillennu addeham paranju. 1997ll turkey rasaayudha kanvenshanil oppuvachathayum turkic raasaayudhangal illennum addeham koottichertthu.
pii. keey. keyude pravarthanangalkku marupadiyaayi, turkey sarkkar kurdish vamshajaraaya pouranmaar bhooripakshamulla thekkukizhakkan anattoliyaye sainika bharanathinu keezhil konduvannu. turkey sainyavum athil vishwastharaaya kurdish villej gaardukalum kurdish siviliyanmaare adhikshepikkukayum nagarangalilekku vanthothil kudiyettam nadathukayum cheythu. praadeshika janasamkhyayude abhayavum pinthunayum neekkam cheiyukayaanu sthaanachalana nayam lakshyamidunnathennum thalphalamaayi, diarbakkar, sisar thudangiya nagarangalile janasamkhya erattiyiladhikamaanennum sarkkar avakashappettu. ennirunnaalum, 2002-ll avasaanathe pravisyakalil sainika niyamavum sainika bharanavum pinvalichu.
samsthaana bheekaravaadam.
athinte adithara muthal, republic oof turkey kurdish janathayodulla vividha swaamsheekarana, adichamarthal nayangal pinthudarnnu. samgharshathinte thudakkathil, pouranmaarumaayulla pii. keey. keyude bandham kurdish aadipathyamulla thekkukizhakkan mekhalayile kurdish pouranmaarkkethire theevravaadam upayogikkaan turkey sarkkaarin prachodanam nalki. 1980kalude thudakkam muthal, athiraalikale adichamarthaan adhikaarikal ekapaksheeyamaaya arasttukal, prathikalude vadhasiksha, amithamaya balaprayogam, peedanam enniva chittayayi upayogichu. 1993ll human raitts vaachu prasidheekaricha reportil ingane parayunnu
manushyavakaasha nireekshana kendram parayunnathanusarichu, adhikrithar kurdish siviliyanmaare vadikkukayum avarude mrithadehangalude chithrangal aayudangal upayogichu edukkukayum cheythu, avar paripaadikal samghadippikkunnathinaayi kondupoyi, avare pathrapravarthakarkku kurdistan varkkezhs party (pii. keey. keey) "theevravaadikal" ennu kaanikkunnathinaayi. 1995ll human raitts vaachu prasidheekaricha mattoru reportil ingane parayunnu
samadhaanaparamaaya prathishedhakkaare vedivaykkukayum kollukayum cheiyunnathu suraksha seena bhayam paratthaan upayogichirunna reethikalil onnaayirunnu. 1992ll moonnu kurdish nagarangalil neuros aaghoshathinide suraksha seena 103ladhikam prathishedhakkaare vadhichu. oru suraksha senaamgathinum maranangalkk orikkalum kuttam chumathiyittilla.
1990kalude thudakkathil suraksha seena kasttadiyileduttha sesham noorukanakkinu aalukale kaanathaayi. 1992ll maathramaan 450ladhikam perr kollappettathayi report cheyyappettathu. kollappettavaril maadhyamapravarthakar, adhyapakar, doctormar, manushyavakaasha pravartthakar, rashtreeya nethaakkal ennivarum ulppedunnu. suraksha seena saadhaaranayaayi irakale kastadiyileduthathaayi nishedhikkunnundenkil chilappol "avare hrasvamaayi thadanjunirtthi" irakale vittayachathayi avar avakashappettu. manushyavakaasha association (aii. echu. dii) parayunnathanusarichu, 1990kall muthal 940 kesukal nirbandhitha thirodhaanathinu vidheyamaayittundu. ithinupurame, niyamaviruddha kolapathakangalil kollapetta 3,248-ladhikam pere 253 vyathyastha smashaanangalil adakkam cheythathayi vishwasikkappedunnu. 2011 januvari 6nuu bitlisile muthkiyile oru pazhaya police steshanu sameepamulla koottakkuzhimaadatthil 12 perude mrithadehangal kandethi. eathaanum maasangalkk sesham, mattu moonnu koottakkuzhimaadangal semigesec police steshante poonthottatthil ninnu kandethiyathayi reportund.
2006ll muun ambasseder raulo, vamseeya kurdukalude thudarchayaaya manushyavakaasha lamghanangal europian unionile turkish amgathvathinu pradhana thadassangalilonnaanennu prasthaavichu.
niyamavirudhamaaya thattikkondupokalukalum nirbandhitha thirodaanangalum.
1990kalilum athinusheshamulla turkey suraksha sevanangalum kurdukale thadavilaakki, chila kesukalil avare veendum kanditilla, driksaakshikal maathram katha parayaan munnott vannu. 1997ll aamnasti internaashanal (iai) report cheythath kaanathaakunnathum niyamavirudhamaaya vadhasikshayum turkey bharanakoodatthinte manushyavakaasha lamghanangalude puthiyathum aswasthathayundaakkunnathu reethikalaayi uyarnnuvannittund ennaanu.
stockholm sentar phoor freedam (ezz. sii. eph) 2016 muthal pathinonnu kesukal rekhappeduthiyittundu, athil police offeesarmaaraanennu svayam thirichariyunna aalukal aalukale thattikkondupoyi. irakale traansit vaanukalilekku nirbandhikkunnathinaal ithu kooduthalum turkey thalasthaanamaaya ankaarayilaanennu thonnunnu. kudumbaangalkk samsthaanathu ninnu avarude lokkeshanukal kandethaan kazhinjilla, ithu avare rahasyamaayo rahasya grouppukalaayo thadankalil vachathayi soochippikkunnu. 42 divasathinu sesham kaanathaaya oraale oduvil kandethiya kesil, addehathe divasangalolam peedippikkukayum kuttasammatham nadatthaan nirbandhikkukayum poleesinu kaimarukayum cheythu.
peedanam.
1992 augustil, human raitts vaachu turkeyil suraksha senayude heenamaaya peedanangal report cheythu. helsinghi vaachu abhimukham nadatthiya peedanatthinu irayaayavar police kastadiyilulla thadavukaarkkethire chittayaya peedana reethi velippeduthiyirunnu. thekkukizhakkan mekhalayile kurdukal ulppede pathinaar perr police kastadiyilaanu samshayaaspadamaaya saahacharyathil maranappettath.
2013ll, turkkiyile kurdish thadavukaare balaalsangam cheyyukayum peedippikkukayum cheiyunnathu aswasthathayundaakkunna saadhaaranamaanennu "guardian" report cheythu. 2003ll aamnasti internaashanal prasidheekaricha report anusarichu, kurdish grouppaaya pkk pinthunachuvennu aaropikkappedunna thadavukaaranaaya hamdiye aslane thekk-kizhakkan turkeyile mardin jayilil ekadesham moonnu maasatholam thadavilaakkiyirunnu, athil avale kannadachu, tranchiyon upayogichu maanabhamgappeduthi, bheeshanippedutthi, udyogasthar parihasichu.
2017 februvariyil aikyaraashtrasabhayude manushyavakaasha hicommissionerude oafees prasidheekaricha oru reportil turkey adhikrithar thadavukaare balaalsangavum balatsanga bheeshaniyum ulppedeyulla laingika athikramangal upayogichu marddikkukayum marddikkukayum cheythathayi prasthaavichu. chila kesukalil, turkey adhikrithar peedippichathine thudarnnu thadavukaare nagnamaayi photoyedukkukayum pothu avahelanathinu bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu.
vadhasiksha.
1992 februvari 24nuu kurdish anukoola pathramaya "yeni ulkke" yude baatmaan lekhakanaaya sengis althun kollappettu. 1990num 1995num idayil vividha pathrangalil jolie cheythirunna 33-ladhikam kurdish pathrapravartthakar kollappettu. kurdish anukoola maadyamangal "özgür gundem" (swatantra ajanda) enna peril aadyathe dinapathram prasidheekarikkaan thudangiyathinu sheshamaan kurdish pathrapravartthakarude kolapathakangal aarambhichath. pramukha kurdish budhijeeviyum oosgur gundemile pathrapravartthakayumaaya moosa aantarine 1992 ll gendermery intelligence oorganaiseshan amgangal vadhichu.
1992ll turkey suraksha seena ezhupathinaalu pere veedukalile reydukalilum nooriladhikam pere prakadanangalilum vadhichu.
2016 octoberil, turkey sainikar jeevanode pidikoodiya rund vanita pii. keey. keey amgangale vadhikkunna amachwar drishyangal puratthuvannu.
2017 februvariyil, aikyaraashtrasabhayude manushyavakaasha hicommissionerude oafees thekkukizhakkan turkeyile thadavukaare chittayaya vadhasiksha nadappaakkiyathinum saadhaaranakkaare sthaanabhrashtaraakkiyathinum balaalsangam cheythathinum peedippichathinum turkey sarkkaarine apalapichukondu oru report prasidheekarichu.
bhaaviyile syrian party sekrattari generalum antharvishwaasa ikyathinaayi pravarthicha 35 kaariyaya kurdish vanithayaya hevrin khalaf ulppede onpathu pere 2019 octoberil vadhichu.
mayakkumarunnu kadathu.
samgharshathiloode turkey raashtram samanamaaya reethiyil mayakkumarunnu kadathum nadathiyittundu. 1990 kalude madhyathil suzurluk kumbhakonatthil, pii. keey. keye pinthunachuvennu aaropikkappedunna 2,500 muthal 5,000 vare amgangaleyum bisinasukaareyum vadhikkan tanzu killer sarkkar gray volvesil ninnum turkish maafiyayil ninnumulla karar kolayaalikale niyamichathaayi velippettu. pinneedu, akkaalathe samsthaana bajattinekkaal valia vyavasayamaaya heroine vyaapaarathil ninnu labham shekharikkaan samsthaana udyogasthar samghadanakale upayogichu. 2021ll, turkey pinthunayulla swatantra syrian sainyam ooppareshan euphrates sheeldinide kurdish senayil ninnu pidicheduttha pradeshamaaya afrin graamapradesangalil kanjaavu nattathayi report cheyyappettu.
kurdish paksham durupayogam cheiyunnu.
thattikkondupokal, sivilian koottakkolakal, samkshiptha vadhasiksha, chaaverukal, baalasainikar, mayakkumarunnu kadathu enniva ulppedeyulla theevravaada thanthrangal upayogichathinu kurdistan varkkezhs party anthaaraashtra apalapanam nerittittundu. 1984 muthal saadhaaranakkaar, doctormar, adhyapakar, schoolukal, aashupathrikal, mattu sarkkar sthaapanangal ennivaye vanthothil lakshyamitta eee samghadana aayirakkanakkin sivilian maranangalkk utharavaadiyaanu. 1989num 1999num idayil pii. keey. keey nadatthiya motham sivilian maranangalude ennam 1,205 aanennu swatantra appsala ekapaksheeyamaaya akrama daattaasett nirnnayichu. 1999ll echardableu prasidheekaricha oru reportil 1992num 1995num idayil 768ladhikam vadhashikshakalkk pii. keey. keey utharavaadiyaanennu vishwasikkappedunnu. 1992num 1995num idayil samghadana 25 koottakkolakal nadathukayum 39 sthreekalum 76 kuttikalum ulppede 360 niraparaadhikal kollappedukayum cheythathayi reportund. 2011 juun thiranjeduppile kurdish vishayathinte rachayithavaaya neel saathaanayude abhipraayathil, iva avarude anthaaraashtra antassinu kedupaadukal varuthukayaanennu samghadana manassilaakkunnathuvare saadhaaranakkaarkethiraaya pii. keey. keey akramanangal thudarnnu.
1980kalude thudakkathil, samghadanayude nethaavaaya abdullah ookkalan, saadhaaranakkaar, doctormar, nazhsumaar, kurdish varenyavargakkaar, sarkkar sthaapanangal, schoolukal, aashupathrikal ennivaykkethiraaya prachaaranatthilekku nayichathaayi report cheyyappedunna sarkkaarinodulla vishwasthathayum pii. keey. keyude pinthunayum thiranjedukkaan saadhaaranakkaarodu aavasyappettu. koodaathe, noorukanakkinu schoolukal kathikkukayum 1984num 1987num idayil maathram 217ladhikam adhyapakar kollappedukayum cheythu. colonial swaamsheekarana sanbradaayathil pedunna "turkey saamraajyathvathinte pratheekangal" aayi skoolukale pkke kandu, kurdish kuttikale turkish padippichu ennathaanu adhyaapakare kollunnathinulla nyaayeekaranam.
1990 kalude thudakkathil, sarkkar charchakalkku visammathichathinethudarn samghadana sivilian lakshyangal bombit nishkalankaraaya saadhaaranakkaarkkethire koottakkolakal nadatthaan thudangiyennu aaropikkappedunnu. aagola naya mekhalayile associate professoraaya jessica staantan parayunnathanusarichu, pii. keey. keey thanthrangalile maattam sarkkar perumaattathodulla nerittulla prathikaranamaayirunnu. samghadanayude nethaavaaya abdullah ookkalan parasyamaayi prasthaavichathaayi avakaashappedunnu 
1997leeii pothumaapp anthaaraashtra reportukal prakaram, 1980kalil thangalkkethire pravarthicha kurdish karshakareyum swantham amgangaleyum pii. keey. keey peedippikkukayum kollukayum cheythu. dussen kanakkinu kurdish saadhaaranakkaar pankaalikaloo vivaradaathaakkalo aanennu samshayikkunnathinaal avare thattikkondupoyi kolappedutthi. aamnasti internaashanalinte 1996 leeii oru report anusarichu, "1996 januvariyil [turkish] sarkkar pii. keey. keey. vidoora gramamaaya guklukonakkinu sameepam 11 pere koottakkola cheythathayi prakhyaapichu. kollappettavaril ezhu perr praadeshika villej gaard senayile amgangalaayirunnu. pradhaanamaayum sthreekal ulppedunna samghadanayude 'aathmahathyaa garilla teamukal' 1995 num 1999 num idayil turkeyil nadanna 21 chaaver aakramanangalkk utharavaadikalaayirunnu. 2015 august 2 num 2016 august 25 num idayil ithe ennam 11 aayirunnu.
koottakkolakal.
1987 januvari 23 nuu pii. keey. keey. milishyakal arnak pravishyayile ortaabaagil oru koottakkola nadatthi, 4 sthreekalum 2 kuttikalum ulppede 8 saadhaaranakkaar kollappettu.
1987 juun 20 nuu, samghadana turkeyile mardin pravishyayile pinarsic graamatthil oru koottakkola nadatthi, 30 ladhikam aalukal kollappettu, pradhaanamaayum sthreekalum kuttikalum.
1987 august 18 nuu pii. keey. keey poraalikal moonnu divasam praayamulla oru kuttiyum aarr divasam praayamulla oru kunjum ulppede 14 kuttikaleyum 11 muthirnavareyum kollukayum cheythu.
1990 juun 10 nuu oru koottam garillakal sirnakkile guluconac jillayile sevrimmi graamatthil raid nadatthi, 27 ladhikam aalukal kollappettu, avaril bhooribhaagavum sthreekalum kuttikalum aayirunnu. eee sambhavam sevrimmi koottakkola ennariyappedunnu.
1990 march 21nuu pii. keey. keey amgangal oru rooad uparodhichu, avide avar 9 enchineeyarmaareyum oru thozhilaalliyeyum konnu.
1991 juulai 15 nuu pkke garillakal passarsic, salainserit jillakalile graamangalile onpathu graamavaasikale avarude veedukalil theekoluthi konnu.
1991 desember 25 nuu buckercoy jillayile oru kadaye pii. keey. keey molotov kokdeyilukal upayogichu aakramichu, athinte falamaayi 7 sthreekalum 1 kuttiyum ulppede 11 perr marichu.
1992num 1995num idayil 39 sthreekalum 76 kuttikalum ulppede 360 niraparaadhikalaaya aalukale 25 koottakkolakal samghadana vadhichu.
1992 juun 11nuu garillakal tatwanil nirtthiya basil ninnu 13ladhikam pere vadhichu.
1992 juun 22nuu, baatmaan pravishyayile sekki graamatthilum bitlis pravishyayile guroymaakkilum grama kaavalkkaarude veedukalil nadatthiya raidle onpathu kuttikaladakkam pathinaalu graameenare oru koottam pii. keey. keey amgangal kollukayum ettu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
1992 juun 26nuu 30 pii. keey. keey theevravaadikal diyaarbakkarile oru palliyil raid nadathukayum 10 aaraadhakare kollukayum cheythu.
1992 juun avasaanathode bingol pravishyayile elmasirthy graamatthil nadanna aakramanathil pii. keey. keey theevravaadikal oru villej gaard amgam ulppede anchu pere vadhichu.
1992 septambar avasaanathode bitlis pravishyayile sevisdali graamatthil niravadhi sthreekalum kuttikalum ulppede 29 saadhaaranakkaare pii. keey. keey theevravaadikal koottakkola cheythu.
1993 meyy 24 nuu 150 pii. keey. keey theevravaadikalude oru samgham 33 nirayudha recruitmentukaleyum 5 saadhaaranakkaareyum elassi-bingol haiveyil koottakkola cheythu.
1993 october 21nuu oru koottam pii. keey. keey amgangal schoolinte muttathu 13 kuttikal ulppede 22 pere seerttil konnu. eee sambhavathe derrins koottakkola ennu vilikkunnu.
1993 october 25nuu bitlis pravishyayile yolalaanil 4 adhyaapakarum 2 vayassulla oru penkuttiyum pii. keey. keey theevravaadikalaal kollappettu.
1998ll human raitts vaachu itaaliyan pradhaanamantri massimo dii 'alamaykk ezhuthiya kathil, thurkkikalude samboornna yuddha prakhyaapanathinu marupadiyaayi, pii. keey. keey athinte thanthrangal inipparayunna reethiyil sweekarichu
1994 januvari 21nuu mardin pravishyayile saavaril 11 kuttikaladakkam 21 pere pkke theevravaadikal koottakkola cheyyukayum aakramanathinte utharavaaditham ettedukkukayum cheythu.
1995 januvari 1 nuu, paakkisthaanile garillakal diyaarbakkeerile kulppile hamsali parisarathu oru koottakkola nadatthi, oru villej gard 20 ladhikam saadhaaranakkaarum, pradhaanamaayum sthreekalum kuttikalum kollappettu. ayalpakkathe irakalkkaayi smaarakamaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu.
1995 septambaril pii. keey. keey amgangal seldiren graamatthile oru khaniyil raid nadatthi, ombathu khanithozhilaalikale vadikkukayum randuperkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. anjjaathamaaya kaaranangalal vadhikkunnathin munbu bhakshanam konduvarumennu pii. keey. keey amgangal khanithozhilaalikale bheeshanippeduthiyathaayi adhikrithar paranju. kollapetta khanithozhilaalikal sainikarum 'faasisttukalum' aanennu avakaashappett samghadana pinneedu serksweban prasidheekaranathil akramanam avakashappettu.
aamnasti internaashanalinte 1996 leeii oru report anusarichu, "1996 januvariyil [turkish] sarkkar pii. keey. keey. vidoora gramamaaya guklukonakkinu sameepam 11 pere koottakkola cheythathayi prakhyaapichu. kollappettavaril ezhu perr praadeshika villej gaard senayile amgangalaayirunnu.
1996 juun 30nuu tunsiliyil pii. keey. keey nadatthiya 60 nirayudha sainikare lakshyamitulla chaaver bomb spodanathil 8 perr kollappedukayum 29 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
1996 october 25nuu, oru pii. keey. keey amgam adana kalapa niyanthrana police directoratinu munnil thannodoppamundaayirunna sphodakavasthukkal pottitherichathine thudarnnu oru sivilian ulppede 5 perr kollappedukayum 18 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheytha oru chaaver bomb spodanam nadannu.
1996 october 29nuu shivasil nadanna chaaver bomb spodanathil oru saadhaaranakkaaran ulppede 6 perr kollappedukayum 10 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
1999 march 13 nuu, 3 pii. keey. keey theevravaadikal istaanboolile gosteppile oru cheria praadeshika department storil petroleum ozhichu molotov kokdeyilukal erinju, 13 saadhaaranakkaar kollappedukayum 5 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
2007 meyy 22 nuu, oru pii. keey. keey amgam gwen akus, ultindagil oru chaaver akramanam nadatthi, athil 9 perr kollappedukayum 121 ladhikam perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu, ellaavarum saadhaaranakkaaraanu.
2010 juun 22nuu sainikarum saadhaaranakkaarum sanjarichirunna basil nadanna bomb spodanathil 5 perr kollappettathinte utharavaaditham tack etteduthirunnu.
2011 septambar 20nuu ankaarayil nadanna bomb aakramanathil 3 perr kollappedukayum 34 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
2011 october 18nuu pii. keey. keey theevravaadikal sthaapicha bomb guroymaakkilundaaya spodanathil anchu poleesukaarum oru kuttiyulppede moonnu saadhaaranakkaarum kollappettu.
2016 februvari 17nuu ankaarayil tack bomb spodanathil 15 saadhaaranakkaarum 14 sainikarum kollappedukayum 60 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
2016 march 13nuu taakkile oru amgam ankaarayil chaaverakramanam nadatthi, 37ladhikam saadhaaranakkaar kollappettu.
2016 epril 27 nuu, takkile vanita amgamaaya esser kaalii, turkish nagaramaya barsayile automan kaalaghattatthile oru pallikku sameepam svayam pottitherichu 13 perkku parikkelppichu. rund divasathinu sesham kurdish theevravaada grouppaaya thaku utharavaaditham etteduthu.
2016 meyy 10 nuu, oru kavachitha police vaahanathe lakshyamit pii. keey. keey amgangal nadatthiya diyaarbakkaril nadanna bomb spodanathil 3 perr kollappedukayum 33 saadhaaranakkaarum 12 police udyogastharkkum parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
2016 meyy 12 nuu dearbaakirinte surr jillayile durmulu kugramathil oru truck bomb spodanam nadannu. 16 perr kollappedukayum 23 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu, ellaavarum saadhaaranakkaaraanu. truck oodichirunnathu echpiji amgangalaanennu peeples defense fozhsu (echpiji) avakashappettu, ennaal sphodakavasthukkal mattevideyengilum pottitherikkendathinum gramavaasikal trekkinu nere vediyuthirthappol maathramaan truck pottitherichathennum avakashappettu.
2016 juun 7 nuu central istamboolil suraksha udyogasthare lakshyamit nadanna bomb spodanathil 6 suraksha udyogastharum 6 saadhaaranakkaarum ulppede 12 perr kollappedukayum 51 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu, avaril moonnu perude nila gurutharamaan.
2017 januvari 5 nuu, pii. keey. keey amgangal ismirile bairacleyile oru kodathikku purathu oru kaar bomb spodanam nadatthi, 1 sivilian 1 police udyogasthanum kollappedukayum 3 sivilianmaar ulppede 7 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
2020 october 26 nuu incenderoonile oru chaaver bomb spodanathil 2 saadhaaranakkaarkku parikkettu.
thattikkondupokalukal.
athinte prarambha ghattangalil, chila pii. keey. keey amgangalum grouppukalum kuttikale thattikkondupoyi chittayayi niyamichu, purushanmareyum sthreekaleyum. ithu ithinakam thanne samghadanayil amgamaayirunna kuttikale sahakarikkanum angane avare koottaalikalaakkaanum nirbandhitharaakkukayum cheythathinaal groupil cherunna sthreekalude ennam vardhichathaayi jaimstown foundeshan prasidheekaricha prasidheekaranam parayunnu. purushanmareyum sthreekaleyum kuttikaleyum polum chittayayi thattikkondupokunnathu 1980 kalude avasaanathinum 1990 kalude thudakkathinum idayil athinte unnathiyilaayirunnu, moonnaam kongrassinu sesham avarude sayudha vibhaagangale sevikkaan aareyengilum ayaykkaan ellah kudumbatheyum nirbandhikkaan pii. keey. keey theerumaanichu. thattikkondupoya niravadhi amgangale ettumuttalil kollappettathin sesham pii. keey. keyude prathimasa maasikayaaya serxwebanil naayakanmaraayi visheshippichirunnu. 1990ll thanikk patthu vayassullappol thattikkondupoya balasainikanaaya essengul akugal polulla chila irakale maranasamayathu maathrukaa 'viplava poraalikal' ennu visheshippichirunnu.
1992 septambar aadyam, pii. keey. keey theevravaadikal bingol pravishyayile carliova pattanatthinu sameepam moonnu amerikkakkarum rund austriyakkaarum oru briteeshukaarum ulppede anchu vinodasanchaarikale thattikkondupoyi hrasvamaayi thadavilaakki.
federation oof american sayantistukal prasidheekaricha oru reportil 1994 muthal thattikkondupokaliloode nirbandhitha recruitment enna pii. keey. keyude nayam naadakeeyamaayi vardhichathaayi prasthaavichu. samgharshathinte aadyakaalam muthal thanne valia nashtam nikathaan samghadana eee nayam upayogichu.
2014ll, thekkukizhakkan turkey pravisyayaaya diyaarbaakarile tounhaalinu munnil oru koottam kurdish kudumbangal thangalude kuttikale pii. keey. keey. vazhi nirbandhithamaayi niyamikkunnathil prathishedhichu kurdish kudumbangalude kurdish kudumbam kurdish kudumbangalude oru koottam kurdish kudumbangal thangalude kuttikale nirbandhithamaayi niyamikkunnathil prathishedhichu kurdish kudumbangalude oru koottam kurdish kudumbangal kurdish kudumbangalude oru koottam kurdish kudumbangalude oru koottam kurdish kudumbangal thangalude kuttikale nirbandhithamaayi niyamikkunnathil prathishedhichu. randaazhchathe prathishedhatthinu sesham thattikkondupoya kuttikale thirike nalkanamennu aavasyappettu kudumbangal nirahara samaram aarambhichu.
2012 meyy 28 nuu, oru koottam theevravaadikal igidiril rooad nirmmaana padhathiyil jolie cheiyunna 10 thozhilaallikale thattikkondupoyi. oru maasathinushesham, mattoru koottam theevravaadikal diarbakkarinum bingolinum edayilulla rooad thadayukayum oru britiish vinodasanchaariye thattikkondupokukayum cheythu. avarellam pinneedu mochitharaayi.
bheekaravaadam
1990kalil thudarchayaayi akramam nadathiyathinu 1997ll stettu department pii. keey. keye oru videsha theevravaada samghadanayaayi pattikapedutthi. 2018 november 6 nuu, pii. keey. keyude moonnu unnatha executiveukalaaya murat karaylan, semil baike, durran kalkkan ennivare yuu. ezz vikasippichedutha neethi paripaadikkulla prathiphalatthil stettu department pattikapedutthi.ezz. theevravaada virudha stettu department. lokathile ettavum aavasyamulla bheekaravaadikalude perukalum vivarangalum prograam pattikappedutthunnu.
vadhasiksha.
pii. keey. keyude moonnaamathe kongrasinushesham viyojippukale krooramaayi adichamarthukayum athiraalikale shudheekarikkukayum cheythukondu adikaaram pidicheduttha samghadanayude nethaavaaya abdullah ookkalan, 1980 ll ettavum adutha pravartthakarkkethire aarambhicha peedanatthinteyum vadhathinteyum prachaaranatthiloode samboornna adikaaram shakthippeduthi. 1986 ll maathramaan, 1986 march 28 nuu nadanna ettumuttalil kollappettathayi vishwasikkappedunna mahas corkmass ulppede arupathiladhikam amgangale pii. keey. keey vadhichathu. samghadana koorumaattakkaare lakshyamidukayum avaril ettuperengilum europian yooniyanil vadikkukayum cheythu. 1987 ll ookkalaanumaayi bandham verpeduthi samghadana vitta abhibhashakanum brasselsile pii. keey. keyude muun vakthavumaaya hussain yeldirim paranju
kurdish janavaasamulla nagarangalile niravadhi gavarnarmaarkkum mattu raashtreeyakkaarkkum marana bheeshani uyarthukayum pii. keey. keey raajivaykkaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu, athesamayam raajivaykkaan visammathicha niravadhi raashtreeyakkaare vadikkukayum cheythu. 2016 augustinum 2016 octoberinum idayil maathramaan 6 eke party raashtreeyakkaare derian acthert polulla samghadanakal kolappeduthiyathu. 2016 septambaril, marana bheeshanikal kaaranam doyubaayaasattu, oosaalpu, paine ennivayude eke party govarnarmaar raajivachu, athesamayam erganiyile mattu 3 eke party raashtreeyakkaar 2016 october aadya aazhchayil raajivachu.
1984 maarchil ore kudumbatthile 4 pere tukkurkkayil vadhichu. avar vivaradaathaakkalaanennu serksweban aaropichu.
1987 meyy 15 nuu, 3 kuttikalude pithavum adthyaapakanumaaya İshakaraaslan, turkish intalijansinte chaaranaanennu aaropikkappedukayum vadhikkappedukayum cheythu.
1987 august 21nuu paine graamatthile yolkaattil adthyaapakanaaya asim oosmeneyum imam mehmet bairamineyum avarude veedukalil ninnu kondupoyi vadhichu. iruvarum chaaranmaaraanennu serksweban aaropichu.
1987 juulai 17 nuu syrnac pravisyayil 5 pere pii. keey. keey vadhichu. pii. keey. keyude oru prasidheekaranamaaya serksweban vadhasiksha prakhyapikkukayum vadhashikshaykk vidheyaraakkappettavarellam "raajyadrohikal" aanennu prasthavikkukayum cheythu.
1987 juulai 31 nuu, hosaattile accoren graamatthile quibaze kugramathil pii. keey. keey. hadir kalisaslane vadhichathayi serksweban prakhyapikkukayum addehathe "dhaanyamillaatha raajyadrohi" ennu aaropikkukayum cheythu.
1992num 1995num idayil, pii. keey. keey 768 niyamaviruddha vadhasikshakal nadatthi, kooduthalum sivil sarveesukaarum adhyaapakarum, rashtreeya athiraalikal, duty illaatha police udyogasthar, sainikar, pii. keey. keey "samsthaana pinthunakkaar" ennu karuthiyavar."
2006 februvari 12 nuu, pkkyude europile muun prathinidhi kaani yalmas thante kaaril itta bomb vazhi pkke vadhichu. muun pii. keey. keey theevravaadiyaaya sabri thorikkoppam yalmaasine kaaril theekoluthi kolappedutthi.
2017 septambar 27nuu, oru vivaradaathaavaanennu thettayi aaropikkapetta mahmut basaanseerine samghadana thattikkondupoyi vadhichu.
2017 november 25 nuu pii. keey. keey iraakhile duhok govarnarettil swantham rund amgangale vadhichu.
2018 juulai 25 nuu, 6 kuttikalude pithavaaya mevlut bengiye garillakal vadikkukayum oru vaidyuthi gopuratthil kettukayum cheythu, juun 24 leeii thiranjeduppil thante jillayile baalat boxukalil thiranjeduppu nireekshakanaayi sevanamanushticha akku partyumaayi sahakarichuvennu aaropich vadhashikshaye nyaayeekarichu. oru prathyeka partyil amgamaayathukondalla, marichu kurdish prasthaanatthinu gurutharamaaya dosham varuthiyathinaan thangal mevlut bengiye vadhichathenn echpiji oru prasthavana puratthirakki.
baala sainikar.
2001num 2011num idayil jeevan nashtappetta 1,362 pii. keey poraalikalude identittiyekkurichu gaveshanam nadatthiya tepav think tank parayunnathanusarichu, recruit cheiyunnavaril 42 sathamaanavum 18 vayassinu thaazheyullavarum ithil naalilonn perum recruit cheiyunna samayat 15 vayassinu thaazheyullavarumaan. samghadana ippozhum baala sainikare sajeevamaayi recruit cheiyunnu, turkey suraksha seena randaayirathiladhikam kuttikale thattikkondupoyennu aaropikkappedunnu. human raitts vaachu (echardableu), ikyaraashtrasabha (yuu. enn), aamnasti internaashanal ennivayude ettavum puthiya swatantra reportukal 1990kall muthal samghadanayum athinte sayudha vibhaagangalum baala sainikare niyamikkukayum upayogikkukayum cheythathayi sthireekarichu. eee samghadana kuttikale mayakkumarunnu vyaapaarathilum upayogichathayi vishwasikkappedunnu.
2008ll, child silkers internaashanal prasidheekaricha oru reportil 1998ll pii. keey. keyude iraakh aasthaanamaayulla sainyathil 3,000 baala sainikarundennu vishwasikkappedunnu, thekkukizhakkan turkeyil pravartthikkunnu.
18 vayassinu thaazheyulla yuvaakkale niyamikkunnath nirodhikkunna jeneeva kolinte prathibaddhathayude oru rekha 2008 octoberil oppuvacha pii. keey. keyude sayudha vibhaagam. pii. keey. keey raankukalile baala sainikarekkurich anthaaraashtra maadyamangalil aavarthichulla reporttukalethudarnnu, jeneeva kooll prathinidhikal prathibaddhathayude prayogam nireekshikkunnathinaayi pii. keey. keey kyaambukal sandarshichu. pathinarinum pathinettinum idayil praayamulla yuvaakkale swamedhayaa sweekarikkukayum avide aayirikkumbol sayudha samgharshathil ninnu vittunilkkukayum vidyaabhyaasam nedukayum cheiyunna kyaambukal avar sandarshichu.
mayakkumarunnu kadathu.
2011ll, mayakkumarunnu, kuttakrithyangal sambandhicha aikyaraashtrasabhayude oafees (yuu. enn. oo. dii. sii) prasidheekaricha reportil iraakhile asthiratha iraakhine heroininte traanshipment pooyintaayi vikasippikkaanum upayogikkaanum sahayichathaayi prasthaavichu. islaamik republic oof iraan, iraakh athirthikalil ninnu turkeyilekku kadathunna kilogram heroine nikuthi eedakkunnathaayi report cheyyappettu, prathivarsham 200 dasalaksham dollar labham nedaan saadhyathayund. athe varsham europian police oafees (europol) prasidheekaricha mattoru reportil kallappanam veluppikkal, anadhikritha mayakkumarunnu, manushyakkadathu, europian yooniyanukalkullilum puratthum anadhikritha kudiyettam ennivayil samghadana sajeevamaayi earppettittundenn prasthaavichu.
2012ll yuu.ezz. treasury department oof forin asatts kantrol (oo. eph. eiii. sii) saindin geleri, sercus acbulat (eiii.keey.eiii. sernit muraatt), omar bostep enniva moonnennam moldovan aasthaanamaayulla mayakkumarunnu kadathukaare europile pii. keey. keey. kku vendi prathyekamaayi nirddeshicha mayakkumarunnu kadathukaaraan. oo. eph. eiii. sii parayunnathanusarichu, saindin geleri pii. keey. keyile uyarnna raankulla amgamaanennu thiricharinjappol mattu rund perr pii. keey. keey pravartthakaraayirunnu. turkey sarkkaarinethire pooraadunnathinu aayudangalum vasthukkalum nedaan upayogikkunna pii. keey. keyude criminal pravarthanangalilonnaanu mayakkumarunnu kadathu ennu oo. eph. eiii. sii prasthaavichu.

