
jorjju beban

oru american nadanum samvidaayakanum ezhuthukaaranum nirmmathaavumaayirunnu jorjju beban (desember 13,1873-october 5,1928). kaaliforniyayile saan fraansiskoyil oru baalathaaramaayi aarambhicha beban 1890kalilum 1900kalilum ariyappedunna oru voudeviliyan, steju nadanaayi. dhii saine oof dhii rooss", 1915 leeii nishabda chalachithra classic "dhii itaaliyan" ennee naadakangalile pradhana veshangal ulppede itaaliyan kudiyetta kathaapaathrangale avatharippichathiloodeyaanu addeham kooduthal ariyapettath. itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarumaayi shakthamayi bandhappettirunnuvenkum beban saan fraansiskoyil janichu, itaaliyan bhashayil oru vaakk polum samsarikkaan kazhinjilla, koodaathe dalmatiayil (aadhunika croatiayil), irelandil ninnulla maathaapithaakkalude makanaayirunnu.
aadyakaala varshangal.
1873ll kaaliforniyayile saan fraansiskoyil janicha beban, saan fraansiskoyude telegraph hill valarnna addeham, irelandile kaundi korkkil ninnulla dalmatian kudiyettakkaaranaaya roco beban, johanna dugan ennivarude naalu puthranmaaril oraalaayirunnu. ettaam vayassil addeham reed, emezhsan minstrells ennivaykkoppam oru steju currier aarambhichu. oru gayakanenna nilayil addehathinte kazhivu yuva bebanu "dhii booy baaritton" enna vilipperu labhikkaan kaaranamaayi. thudarnnu saan fraansiskoyile california thiyettar stokku kambaniyile juvenile rolukalil addeham abhinayichu.
broadway voudevillum.
22-aamm vayassil newyorkkil broadway thiyettar nadanaayi beban thante currier aarambhichu. niravadhi sangeetha komadikalil prathyakshappetta addeham weber & fiields, maari kaahil ennivarodoppam prakadanam nadatthi. saam tii yill oru minstral savisheshathayaaya "thathayum kurangan samayavum" (1896) bebante steju kredittukalil ulppedunnu. jacks thiyettar; "eiii moden veenas" (1898), saam tii yill oru barlescue play cheiyunnu. jacks thiyettar; "eiii trip tuu bephalo" (1902); "nancy braun" (1903); "faantaana" (1905); maari kaahil kambaniyude nirmmanamaaya "moonshain" (1905-06); leve fiields ool staar kambani eboutt paarees; "dhii grettu dessil" (1906); "dhii gayle bihain dhii kaundar" (1907-1908); "dhii american idea" (1908), jorjju emm. kohan; "hockey-pokki" (1912); "anna hold 's ool staar veriyettu jubili" (1913-1914).
jorjju emm. piyari soochattinte (sahathaaramaayi trixy friganza) pradhana vesham avatharippikkan bebaninaayi kohan 'dhii american idea' ezhuthi. merii kaahilinte nirmmanamaaya 'benn boult', leve fiields 'eboutt taunn' ennivayil beban munbu franch kathaapaathrangale avatharippichirunnu. 1907-ll, "chikkago tribune" bebante franch kathaapaathrathekkurich thaazhepparayunna karyangal ezhuthi "muzhuvan vinodathinteyum ettavum mikacha srishti jorjju beban aaveshabharithanaaya franchukaaranaayi nirvahikkunnu... oro swaravum prathiphalanavum, oro chalanavum roopavum aamgyavum krithyathayulla oru yadhaartha franchukaaranaanu nadan."
varshangalolam beban oru franch kathapatra nadanaayi type kaast cheyyappettu. beban pinneedu oormmippichu, "franch kathaapaathrathil ninnu enikku ethratholam bhayankaramaaya samayam nashtamaayenn aarum orikkalum arian kazhiyilla. enikku jeevikkanamaayirunnu, franch kathaapaathrangalkk enikku ente swantham shambalam ennu vilikkaamaayirunnu, pakshe mattenthinum njaan oru corus manushyaneppole moolyamullavanalla."oru njaayaraazhchathe haasya poorakamaayi" thanne avatharippikkunna bhagangal cheyyaan aagrahikkaatha beban, kooduthal vrithaakrithiyilulla oru manushyane chithreekarikkaan kazhiyunna gauravamaaya bhagangal nalkanamennu yaachichu.
"rosaappoovinte adayaalam". "
oduvil, beban franch kathapaathrangalil ninnu rakshappett mattoru vamseeya kaarikkechar-itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarane sweekarichu. manhattan newjezhsiyum thammil oru thurankam nirmmikkunna itaaliyan thozhilaallikale aazhchakalolam nireekshichukondu addeham itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude bhashayum perumaattareethikalum padichu. pinneedu rosaappoovinte chinnathil thante kathaapaathrathinaayi upayogicha vasthrangal polum addeham thozhilaallikalil ninnu vaangi. praadeshika itaaliyan thottakkaaril ninnum munthiri karshakaril ninnum pazhangal kaliyaakkukayum moshtikkukayum cheiyunna oru balanayirikke itaaliyan prasangam anukarikkanulla kazhivu vikasippicheduthathi saan francisco chroniclinu nalkia muun abhimukhathil beban paranju.
thante kuttiyude maranathil anushochanam ariyikkunna oru itaaliyan thozhilaalliyude vesham avatharippicha oru voudevil rekhaachithram beban purathirakkiyathode patanam phalam kandu. beban ezhuthiya eee rekhaachithrathe "rosaappoovinte adayaalam" ennu vilichirunnu. oru voudeville sketchil ninnu oru poornna dairkhyamulla naadakamaayi valarnna ithu oduvil oru feature filimaayi nirmikkappettu.
1911-ll, "newyork times" eee katha "pothuve vishwasaneeyathayillaayma" ennum "parambaraagathavum yanthranirmmithavumaaya dhaaraalam" undennum ezhuthi."ennirunnaalum," "times" "eee naadakam" "theerchayaayum valare nalla oru kathaapaathrapadanam" "aanennu kandethi-kuranjathu beban vediyilaayirunnappozhengi". times" eee naadakatthe "mistarkk oru mikacha vahanam" ennu vilichu. itaaliyan veshangalude samarthanaaya oru rekhachithrakaaranaayi deerghakaalamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna beban."bebante prakadanathekkurichu niroopakan paranju" "ivide addeham laalithyam, soumyatha, madhuryam, avasaram varumbol, anjanum ennaal nalla ardhamulla videshiyum, daaridryam kaaranam thaan abhimukeekarikkunna thadassangalekkurichum swantham desheeyathayile dushkarthaakkalude kuttakrithyangal kaaranam thaan advaanikkunna avahelanavum samshayavum valare manoharamaayi chithreekarikkunnu"."
1910-ll, "loss enchals times" bebaninekurichu oru neenda feature stori prasidheekarichu, athil ingane ezhuthi "oru prathyeka tharatthilulla thithreekaranatthinaayi thante vyakthigatha sramangal samarppicha eaka american nadanaanu jorjju beban. thaan kalikkaan pookukayaanennum thudarumennum amerikkayile itaaliyan tharam beban parayunnu.'... ippol bebante kazhivukal 'rosaappoovinte adayaalam' enna sradheyamaaya oorfiyam headlineril samriddhamaaya aavishkaaram kandethunnu, athil, pietro massena enna nilayil, eee kathapatra nadan oru pavapetta itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarante snehavum sankadavum vivarikkunnu."
viskansinile milwakiyil "rosaappoovinte adayaalam" play cheythappol "milwaki kaavalkkaaran" ezhuthi "ithu kathaapaathrangalude manoharamaaya thithreekaranamaanu, aadya kavaadam muthal avasaanathe thirasseela vilii vare, misttar. beban orikkalum chithratthil ninnu chuvaduvekkunnilla, thaan roopeekaricha saangalppika srishtiye orikkalum chovvayil kanunnilla. pidi avideyundu, sketch innu voudevil feeldile ettavum mikacha onnaanu."
rosaappoovinte adayaalavumaayi" paryadanam nadathumbol, beban nagarikathayil itaaliyante sambhavanakalekkurichu samsaarikkukayum ingane abhipraayappedukayum cheythu "neppilsinte tirakkeriya thuramukham ellah divasavum avane nammilekku kondupookunnu, athinte traaphik lineukal jeevithathinte valia dhamaniyepole adikkunnu. pradhaanamaayum addeham daridran nindithanumaanu, chilappol police kodathikalile sensationalistukal namme vishwasippikkunnathuvare palappozhum allengilum addeham nirasikkappedunnu. ennaal ettavum moshamaaya samayathum manushyathvathinte oru nidhi addehathinte pakkalund, athu mattethenkilum aalukalil mothatthil aavarthikkuka asaadyamaanu. addehathinte abhiniveshangal valare prakadamaayathinaal avayaanu naadakatthinte saaramsham. avan aazhathil snehikkunnu, kuttikale dathedukkunnu, sauhrudathil theepidikkunnavanum orupole verukkunnavanumaanu, american aakunnathile avante anubavangal 'seane-inn-vann' kalakaaranmaar namme sheelippicha sheenithamaaya nilakkadala-staand ullaasathekkaal valare valia komadi fund nalkunnu."
dhii saine oof dhii rooss" enna chithratthinte vijayam kaaranam, adutha dashakathinte bhooribhaagavum beban itaaliyan kathaapaathrangale avatharippichu. 1917ll beban oru reporterode thanikk itaaliyan bhashayil oru vaakk polum samsarikkaan kazhiyillenna virodhabhaasam velippeduthi. beban vishadeekarichu "samsaarikkumbol enikku bhasha manassilaakunnu-enikku varshangalolam athumaayi bandhappedaan kazhinjilla, athu thirichariyaanum vivarthanam cheyyaanum kazhinjilla-pakshe njaan orikkalum athu svayam samsarikkaan sramichittilla.... njaan cheiyunna itaaliyan tharatthe chithreekarikkaan oraalkk vendathu pravartthanangal, reethikal muthalaayavayekkurichulla arivu maathramaan., kathaapaathrathil ninnu. bhasha ariyaathathinaal, itaaliyan athu samsaarikkunna kazhchappadil ninnu, ente kathaapaathrathe american prekshakarkku kooduthal manassilakkaan enikku kazhiyum. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, yunaittad stetts upabhoga-ghatta aavasyangalkkaayi njaan addehathe amerikkanvalkkarikkunnu."
"itaaliyan". "
1915ll thomas echu enna chithratthile pradhana nadanaayi beban chalachithra vyavasaayathil arangettam kurichu. insinte nirmmaanam, "itaaliyan". chithratthil, thante sambathu sambaadikkaan amerikkayilekku varunna itaaliyan gondoliyaraaya pietro "bepo" doonatti enna kathaapaathrathe beban avatharippichu, pakaram newyorkkinte lover eest bhaagathulla oru kudilil bharyayodum kuttiyodum oppam thaamasikkumbol shoosinaraayi jolie cheyyukayum durantham anubhavikkukayum cheiyunnu. "itaaliyan" janapriyavum vimarsanaathmakavumaaya vijayamaanenn thelinju. loss anchalas timesil" grays kingsley bebante kruthiye prashamsichu "itaaliyan bhashayil pietroyude veshathil saadhyathakalund... jorjju bebanekkaal budhishoonyanaaya oru kathapatra kalaakaaran avaganichekkaam... manushya thaalparyam niranja kathaykku kathaapaathrathekkurich poornnamaaya dhaarana aavasyamaanu, koodaathe kazhchayum aamgyavum ellaayppozhum budhimuttulla veshathodu poornnamaaya sahathapam prakadippikkunnu."
indiaanayile oru pathravum bebante prakadanatthe prashamsichu "pietro doonatti enna kathaapaathrathe avatharippikkunna jorjju beban, sarikkum athisayakaramaaya oru kathaapaathrathe avatharippikkunnu. eee kalaakaaran athinte ettavum uyarnna avishkaara roopathilekku anukaranam vikasippicheduthittundu. addehathinte chalanathmakamaaya mukham oro vikaaratheyum valare krithyamaayi prathiphalippichu, oro vyathyasthamaaya maanasikaavasthayum valare yadhaarthathil chithreekarikkappettu, eee manushyan oru prethavaadiyallaathe mattonnumallenn vishwasikkaan prayasamaayirunnu. vikaarathinte nakhangalaal hridayam veendum kadikkumbol mukalilekkulla nottam, uyarnna aathmaavullappol laattin prakrithiyude unmaadaparamaaya santhosham, eee vaakyangalellaam eee kalaakaaran chalippikkukayum aavesikkukayum cheiyunna vidhathil chithreekarichu."
dvdyil chithram purathirangiyathinu sheshamulla charitra vivaranangalum nishedhikkappedaan anukoolamaayirunnu. 2008-ll, "newyork times" bebante "sakthamaaya pradhana prakadanatthe" prashamsichu, athu thaazhepparayunna reethiyil vivarikkunnu "bepo thirichariyaan prekshakare aakarshikkunnu, ennirunnaalum addeham pala kaaryangalilum bhayanakamaaya vamseeya karikkecharaayi thudarunnu irunda, valarthal, prathikaaraathmakatha. barker [samvidaayakan], beban ennivarkku bepoyodu valareyadhikam sahathapam srishtikkaan kazhiyunnu, avarude swantham, chilappol kathaapaathrathodu valare vyakthamaaya shamaapanam undaayirunnittum, sinima bisinessil uyarnnuvarunna pakwathayude adayaalamaanu; inii oru dimensional 'tharangalil edapedunna sinimakalalla.'"
ujjwalamaaya kazhchakal" enna prasidheekaranatthinte oru niroopakan ezhuthi "amithamaya dukkham prakadippichukondu, beban chila valia abhinayangal velippeduthunnu."
dvd tokkile" oru avalokanam bebante prakadanatthinu sinimayude naadakeeyamaaya aamukhathe marikadakkaan kazhinjuvennu nigamanam cheythu "bepo oru aanandakaramaaya kathapaathramaanu... kollayadikkappettathin sheshamulla addehathinte rosham mattoru sradheyamaaya nimishamaayirunnu. camera valare kaduppamulla clossup cheiyunnu... avante kopavum bhayavum eathaandu ruchiyullathaanu."
chalana chithrangal.
1915ll purathirangiya bebante randaamathe chithram, addehathinte deerghakaala naadakamaaya "dhii saine oof dhii rooss" ennathinte chalachithra pathippaya "dhii eliyan" aayirunnu. itaaliyan", "dhii eliyan" ennivayude releasinu sheshamulla dashakathil, "loost inn traansit", "dhii land oof dhii free", "jools oof dhii strong hart", "vann american", "harts oof menn", "ellaavarudeyum ettavum valia sneham", "oru dashalakshathil onnu", "dhii loves oof ricardo" ennivayulppede niravadhi hollywood chalachithrangalil beban pradhana punk vahichu.
abhinayathinu purame, "dhii loves oof ricardo" (nadan, ezhuthukaaran, samvidaayakan, edittar, nirmmaathaav), "ellaavarudeyum ettavum valia sneham" (nadan, katha, samvidaayakan, nirmmaathaav), "oru dashalakshathil oru manushyan" (nadan, katha, samvidaayakan) thudangiya chithrangalilum beban oru samvidaayakan, nirmmaathaav, ezhuthukaaran ennee nilakalil pravarthichu.
1921 meyy maasathil loss enchals nagaram bebane aadarikkunnathinaayi oru paredu nadatthi. thekkan pasaphik steshanil bebante trainine swaagatham cheyyukayum rosaappookkal niracha kaathirikkunna automobilil kondupookukayum cheythu. alankaricha kaarukalude oru neenda varii loss enchals sitti haalilekk oru paredu roopeekarichu, avide mayer meridith pii. nagarathinu oru valia pushpa thacol sneeder bebanu sammaanichu. bebante ettavum puthiya chithramaaya 'vann inn eiii milyan' nte udghaadanathodanubandhichu aaghoshathinte bhaagamaayirunnu eee paripaadikal.
kudumbam.
moonshain" (1905-06), "eboutt taunn" (1906), "dhii gayle behind dhii kaundar" (1907-08), "dhii american idea" (1908), "anna holdsinte ool staar veriyettu jubili" (1913-14) ennee chithrangalil bebaninoppam prathyakshappetta steju nadiyaaya edith mcbride beban vivaham kazhichu. 1915-leeii moshan chithramaaya "dhii eliyan"-lum avar orumichu prathyakshappettu. avarude makan jorjju beban juuniyar.1914ll janicha addeham 'vann inn eiii milyan' (1921), 'harts oof menn' (1919), 'dhii eliyan' (1915) ennee chithrangalil pithavinoppam baalanadanaayi abhinayichu.
1926 desemberil bebante bhaarya newyorkkil vachu marichu.
pinneedulla varshangalum maranavum.
bhaaryayude maranathethudarnnu beban chalachithra vyavasaayathil ninnu viramichu. viramichappol addeham kaaliforniyayile loss enjalsile play dell reyiyil oru valia veedu nirmmichu.
1927ll beban chalachithra vyavasaayathilekku kadakkaan aagrahikkunna abhinethaakkale sahayikkaan thudangi. loss enchals timesinu" nalkia abhimukhathil addeham thante lakshyam vivarichu "oraalkk prathibhayude theeppori undenna thonnal pole vedanaajanakamaaya vedanayilla, athinoppam pookunna aaa abhilasham thripthippeduthaan avasaramilla. enicariyaam, kaaranam enikku entethaaya poraattangal undaayittund. stejum screen enikku nannaayittund. kurachu varshangalenkilum enikku aavashyamaaya ellah panavum njaan shekharichittundu, athu pradarshippikkaan avasaram nishedikkappetta prathibhayulla yuvaakkaleyum sthreekaleyum sahayikkaan njaan ente jeevithathile oru varshamenkilum neekkivekkaan pookunnu."
1928ll kaaliforniyayile bigg painil juun lodge dude ranchil avadhikkaalathu kuthirayil ninnu erinjappol undaaya parikkukalode beban marichu. loss enjalsile california lutheran ashupathriyil apakadatthe thudarnnulla sankeernathakal kaaranam addeham marichu.

