minenwerfer

onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu saamraajyathva jarmman sainyam vyaapakamaayi upayogichirunna hraswadura mine shell lonching mortaarukalude oru vibhaagathinte jarmman peraanu minewerfer ("mine launcher" allengil "mine throver"). deerghadoora peerankikalkku krithyamaayi lakshyamidaanaakaatha bankarukalum mulluvayar ulppedeyulla thadassangal neekkaan enchineeyarmaar aayudangal upayogikkaan uddeshichullathaayirunnu.
pashchaathalam.
mulluvayar, bankarukal thudangiya prathirodha gadanakal nasippikkaan kanatha peerankikalkku kazhiyaatha portt aartharinte uparodham jarmmankaar padichu. 1907ll jarmman sainika "injeniyarkomaitti" ("enchineeyar kammitti") eee prashnam padikkaan rainmettalumaayi pravartthikkaan thudangi. avar vikasippicha pariharam moonnu valuppangalil nirmmicha mine shell vedikkoppukalkkaayi oru short-barreld rifled mookk-loading mortar aayirunnu. 1910-ll ivayil ettavum valuth "25 centimeter schwerer minenwerfer" (churukkatthil "ezz. emm. dablyu"; engleesha "25 centimeter hevi mine launcher") aayi avatharippichu. 955 kilogram (2,193 poundu) maathram bhaaramundenkilum, 28 centimeter, 30.5 centimeter mortarukalkku samanamaaya prabhavam ithu lakshyangalil chelutthi, avaykku pathuvattam bharamundaayirunnu.
pooraattatthinte charithram.
onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappedumbol jarmman sainyathin aake 160 'mainan verfezhs' undaayirunnu. beljiyathile leejilum naamoorilum franch kottayaaya moubyoojinum ethire avaa vijayakaramaayi upayogichu. eathaanum maasangalkk sesham trench yuddham aarambhichappol, jarmman kaalaalppada hraswadura aayudangal vilikkaan thudangi, "minenwerfer" yudhathil praveshichu. valarekkalam munbu sakhyasenakal samanamaaya upakaranangal aavasyappedukayaayirunnu. 1914 novemberil pidichedukkappetta oru "mainanverfere" landanile royal artilary voolvichu sthaapanathilekku kondupookukayum chrismus samayat 100 koppikal munnilekku athikkukayum cheythu. 2016 madhyathode 281 bhaarameriyavarum 640 idatharam, 763 laitt "minenverferukal" sevanathilundaayirunnu, oro maasavum 4,300 puthiya aayudangal nirmmikkappedunnu.
hraswadura peerankikalude eee sakthamaaya aayudashekharam upayogichu, jarmman senaykk noow mans landle athicheraanum svayam avatharippikkunna eathu lakshyathilum shikshaanadapadikalkku theekoluthaanum kazhinju. raasayudham vannappol, "minenwerfer" gyaas athikkunnathinulla valare soukaryapradamaaya oru reethiyaayirunnu. 1915 januvari 31 nuu polandile bolimov yudhathil jarmman sainyam russian sthaanangalkku nere xylyl bromide upayogichu shellakramanam nadatthi, kuranja thaapanila kaaranam akramanam thaarathamyena parajayappettu, ithu vaathakam bashpeekarikkappedunnathum vyaapikkunnathum thadanju.
vikasanam.
idatharam pathippaya "17 centimeter mitlarar minenwerfer" (emm. emm. dablyu; "17 centimeter idatharam mine launcher") 1913-ll avatharippikkappettu. eee model <aii. dii. 1> vare reserve sarveesil thudarnnu. aayudhathinte laitt pathippaya 7.58 centimeter "leacher minenwerfer" (ell. emm. dablyu; "laitt mine launcher") yuddham aarambhikkumbozhum prototype ghattathilaayirunnu, pakshe athivegam ulppaadanathilekku praveshichu. aayudhathinte peeranki prathiroopathekkaal valare kaaryakshamamaayirunnu thaarathamyappeduthumbol, 7.7 centimeter eph. keey 96 eiii/eiii aarr kuthirakalude oru samgham valikkendathundu, ell. emm. dablyu. kku orotta kuthirayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol; koodaathe, ell. emm. dablyu. naalu perkku yudhakkalathil neekkaan kazhiyum. minenwerfer" vilakuranjathaayirunnu, peeranki thokkinekkaal ezhilonnu maathram vilamathikkunna, athupole thanne athinte vedikkoppukalum.
mainenvarfezhsinte" mookkinte vegathayum angane vedivayppu shoke kuravaayathinaal, peerankikalil upayogikkaan anuyojyamallaatha vividatharam sphodakavasthukkal shellukal niraykkaan upayogichu. enthaayaalum, tnt sphodakavasthukkal peeranki shellukalil upayogikkaan neekkivachirunnu. saadhaaranayaayi, "minenwerfer" shellukalil upayogikkunna sphodakavasthukkal amonium naitrettu-kaarban sphodakavasthukkalaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, sphodakavasthukkalude samvedanakshamatha idaykkide avaye tubinullil pottitherikkaan prerippichu. 1916ll rainmettalinte head designaraaya kaal vollarude jeevan apaharicha eee sambhavangalil oru valia samkhyayundaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee prasnangal oduvil marikadakkappettu.
trench yudhathil "minenverferinte" niravadhi gunangal thiricharinjukondu, uthppaadanam vardhippikkukayum 1918 aayappozhekkum ennam naadakeeyamaayi 1,234 bhaarameriyathum 2,361 idatharam, 12,329 laitt "minenwerfer" aayi vardhikkukayum cheythu. 38 centimeter caliber "sehr schwerer minenwerfer" (ezz. ezz. emm. dablyu; engleesha "valare kanatha mine launcher") vikasippicheduthu.

