
maria conopnica

oru poolish kavayitriyum novelistum kuttikalude ezhuthukaariyum vivarthakayum pathrapravartthakayum vimarsakayum vanita avakashangalkkum poolish swaathanthryathinumulla pravarthakayumaayirunnu maria konopnika (;; 23 meyy 1842-8 october 1910). jaann saava" ulppedeyulla thoolikaanaamangal avar upayogichu. polandile posittivist kaalaghattatthile ettavum pradhanappetta kavikalil oraalaayirunnu avar.
jeevitam.
1842 meyy 23 nuu suvaalkiyilaan conopnica janichathu. avalude pithaav joseph vasilovsky oru abhibhaashakanaayirunnu. avar veettil padikkukayum vaarsoyile divyakaarunya aaraadhanayude sahodarimaarude oru konventil (sespol classtorni sacramentech dablyu varsavi) oru varsham (<aii. dii. 1>) chelavazhikkukayum cheythu.
1870-ll "vaa simovi poranek" ("oru shaityakaala prabhaathatthil") enna kavithayiloode avar oru ezhuthukaariyaayi arangettam kurichu. bhaaviyile nobal sammana jethaavaaya henrique syenkivics prashamsicha "dablyu gorach" ("parvathangalil") enna kavita 1876 ll prasidheekarichathinushesha avar janapreeti nedi.
1862-ll avar jaroslav konopnikki vivaham kazhichu. avarkk aarr kuttikalundaayirunnu. avarude ezhuthu jeevithathe bharthaav amgeekarichilla ennathinaal aaa vivaham santhoshakaramaayirunnilla. oru suhruthinu ezhuthiya kathil, "kudumbamilla" ennum "oru koottil poottiya oru pakshi" ennum avar svayam visheshippichu. oduvil 1878-ll, anaudyogika verpiriyalil, avar bharthaavine upekshichu ezhuthu thudaraan warsoilek maari. aval thante makkaleyum koode kondupoyi. avar palappozhum europil yaatra cheiyumaayirunnu; 1883-ll italiyilekkulla avarude aadya pradhana yaathrayaayirunnu. avar europil videshathu thaamasichu varshangal chelavazhichu.vivaahethara pranayangal, maranangal, kudumbatthile maanasikarogangal ennivayulppede avarude jeevitam "prakshubdha" maayathayi visheshippikkappettindu. posittivist kaalaghattatthile oru poolish vanita kavayitriyaaya elisa orseskovayudeyum chithrakaariyum aaktivistumaaya maria dulebiyankayudeyum (orupakshe romaantik bandhathilaanu avar jeevichirunnathu) suhruthaayirunnu avar. aval ubhayalingiyo lesbiano aanennu anumaanikkappedunnu (prathyekichu dulebiyankayumaayi bandhappett), ithu shariyaayi gaveshanam cheythittillenkilum, konopnikkayude jeevacharitrangalil eee chodyam saadhaaranayaayi paraamarshikkappedunnil. dulebiyankaykkoppam samskarikkappedanamennaayu konopnikkayude aagraham. rund sthreekaleyum ukrainile elvivile oru semitheriyil orumichu samskarichu.
sajeeva ezhuthukaariyaayirikkunnathu, prashyayile vamseeya (praadhamikamaayi poolish), mathanyoonapakshangalude adichamarthalinethiraaya prathishedhangal samghadippikkukayum athil pankedukkukayum cheytha oru saamoohika pravarthakayumaayirunnu avar. sthreekalude avakasha pravarthanangalilum avar pankedutthirunnu.
1880kalil avarude saahithyapravarthanangal polandil vyapakamaaya amgeekaaram nedi. 1884-ll avar baalasahithyam ezhuthaan thudangi, 1888-ll avar oru muthirnna gadya ezhuthukaariyaayi arangettam kurichu. 
"cztery novele" (naalu cherukathakal). avarude rachanakalude vardhichuvarunna janapreeti kaaranam, 1902-ll niravadhi poolish aaktivistukal avarkk oru maanar house vaangi prathiphalam nalkaan theerumaanichu. niravadhi samghadanakalum pravartthakarum shekharicha fandukaliloodeyaanu ithu vaangiyath. akkaalat polandu oru swatantra rajyamallaathathinaal, avarude rachanakal russian, russian adhikaarikalkk raashtreeyamaayi yojippillathathinaal, vibhajanathinu munbulla polandinte kooduthal sahishnuthayulla austriyan vibhajanathil oru sthalam thiranjedutthu. 1903-ll avarkk sarnoveekkil oru maanar labhichu, avide avar septambar 8-nuu ethi. aval mikka neeruravakalum venalkkaalavum avide chelavazhikkumaayirunnu, pakshe sharathkaalathum shaithyakaalathum aval europiludaneelam sanjarikkum.
1910 october 8 nuu avar lvovil (ippol ukrainile liviv) marichu. avide liskakovsky semitheriyil avale samskarichu. avalude aagrahamanusarichu dulebianka avalude arikil samskarichu.
jolie.
konopnika gadyavum (praadhamikamaayi cherukathakalum) kavithakalum rachichu. avarude ettavum savisheshamaaya shailikalilonn naadodi gaanangalayi roopakalppana cheytha kavithakalaayirunnu. reportage skechukal, aakhyaana oormmakkurippukal, manashaasthraparamaaya chhaayaachithra padanangal thudangi niravadhi saahitya vibhagangalil avar kaii pareekshikkum.
karshakarudeyum thozhilaallikaludeyum poolish joothanmaarudeyum adichamarthalum daaridryavumaayirunnu avarude kruthikalil oru pothu vishayam. jootha janathayodulla sahathapam kaaranam avar oru thathwachinthakayaayi kanakkakkappettu. avarude kruthikal valare desasnehaparavum desheeyavaadaparavumaayirunnu.
brazeelile poolish kudiyettakkaarekkurichu "misttar balser inn brazeel" ("paan balser dablyu braziliyi", 1910) enna aarr kaantokalile neenda ithihaasamaanu avarude ettavum prashasthamaaya kruthikalilonnu. mattonn "rotta" ("sathyaprathinja", 1908) aayirunnu, athu rund varshathinu sesham felikkukal novoveejsky samgeetham nalki, polandinte, prathyekichu prussian vibhajana pradeshangalil, anaudyogikagaanamaayi maari. eee desasneha kavita jarmmanvalkkarana nayangale shakthamayi vimarsikkukayum athinaal jarmman virudhamaayi visheshippikkukayum cheythu.avarude ettavum prashasthamaaya baalasaahithya kruthi 1896 leeii "ooo chrasonoludcach aii searots marisi" ("littil anatha meriyum gnomukalum") aanu. akkaalathe mattu pala kruthikalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol avarude baalasaahithya kruthikalkku mikacha sveekaaryatha labhichu.
airish desasnehiyaaya roobert emmettinte vadhathe kurichu maria konopnika oru kavitayum rachichu. 1803ll britiish adhikaarikal dablinil vachu emmettine vadhichu, ennaal 1908ll konopnika eee vishayathekkurichulla thante kavita prasidheekarichu.
avar oru vivarthakayum aayirunnu. 1901 ll polandil prasidheekaricha adhaa neegriyude "fattaalitta", "tempest" enniva avarude vivarthanam cheytha kruthikalil ulppedunnu.

