
ell. ezz. alexander gambi

levi sandy alexander gambi (februvari 1,1885-march 16,1961) oru aafrikkan-american aarkkivisttum charithrakaaranumaayirunnu. aafrikkan-american charithram rekhappeduthunna 300 scrapbukkukalude addehathinte shekharam 1950 muthal columbia sarvakalaashaalayude "neegroyaanayude alexander gambi shekharam" enna shekharathinte bhagamaanu. harlem navothaanakaalathu oru salooninte avatharakanaayirunna oru janapriya pusthakakadayude udama koodiyaayirunnu gambi. shekharikkaanulla gumbiyude abhinivesham addehathinu "kaundu", "misttar" ennee vilipperukal nedikkodutthu. scrapbook ".
jeevitam.
merilaandil janicha gambi, levi thomas gambi enna suvisheshakanteyum bhaarya louisa morisinteyum makanaayirunnu. 1901ll adhehatheyum sahodariye avarude muthasshimaarodoppam thamasikkaan ayachu. muthasshiyude nirddeshaprakaaram dumby delawareile dover stettu collegil niyamam padichu, pakshe thante aparyapthatha anubhavapetta addeham newyork nagaratthilekku thamasam maari, athu maranam vare thante veedaayirunnu. 1952-leeii thante 'dhii advenchezhs oof mye scrapbook' enna lekhanathil "njaan aathmaavilum thathwathilum oru nyoo yorkaraayi maari, kaaranam njaan munbengumillaathathinne kooduthal pravartthana swaathanthryam ivide kandethi" ennu paranjukondu gambi newyorkkile jeevitam sweekarichu. addehathinte aarr scrapbukkukal aathmakathaaparamaanu, avaye "gumbiyude aathmakatha" ennu label cheythittundu.
newyorkkile aadyakaalangalil, onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu oru baankarude buttler, belhop, tapal jeevanakkaaran ennee nilakalil jolie cheythirunna gumpy thante shekharanathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi niravadhi cheria jolikal cheythu. joliyum avasarangalum thedi thekkan samsthaanangalil ninnu newyorkkilekku vanna yuvaakkale pinthunaykkunnathinulla oru samghadanayaaya sathen eutopia saahodaryavum gambi sthaapichu.
1929leeii walstreet apakadatthinte falamaayi pusthakakkada upekshikkaan gumbi nirbandhithanaakukayum studiyo nashtappedukayum ksheenam anubhavappedukayum cheythathine thudarnnu ashupathriyil praveshippikkukayum north bradezhs ailandileyum newyork nagaratthinte kizhakkan nadiyile randalls ailandileyum aashupathrikalil naalu varsham chelavazhikkukayum cheythu.
columbia sarvakalashaalayil veyittaraayi jolie cheythirunna gambi academic mekhalayumaayum vidyaarthikalumaayum sauhrudam sthaapikkaan thudangi. oduvil addeham thante shekharam kolambiyayilekku vidukayum ettu maasathekku shekharam samghadippikkaan sarvakalashaala addehathe niyamikkukayum cheythu. kshayarogam moolam marikkunnathuvare addeham athu koottichertthu.
gumbiyude book studiyo.
1920kalil chaals dablyu. gumbiyil ninnu thante shekharam samaharikkaan sahaayikkunnathin saambathika sahayam labhichu. neuman, oru sambanna stokku broker. nyoomaante sahaayathode gambi thante shekharam maanhattanile harlem jillayile 2144 anchaam avanyoovile oru valia studiyoyilekku maatti, athu "gambiyude pusthakashala" ennariyappettu. addehathinte pusthaka studiyo harlem navothaanatthile vyakthikalude oru pradhana othucheral sthalamaayi maari.
shekharam samaharikkunnathinulla oru jolisthalamaayum oru pradarshana sthalamaayum kalaparavum boudhikavumaaya saloonaayum book studiyo pravarthichu. addeham thante saloon nadatthiya adharmaparamaaya swabhaavam kaaranam addehathinu "mahanaaya devan gumpy" ennu vilipperu nalkappettu. oru lakkathinu maathram prasidheekarikkappedukayum orikkalum vitharanam cheyyappedathirikkukayum cheytha "gambi book studiyo traimasa" enna saahitya jenalum gambi nirmmichu.
kaundi kallan, claude mccay, laangstan hugus, rooss mccullendon, evlin ellis, pooll robeson, alan leroy loock, roobert schlick, haywood braun, echu thudangiya sradheyamaaya harlem navothaana vyakthikalumaayi thante studiyoyiloode gambi parichayapettu. ell. menken, ooo. richard raid, aaron dougless, dorothy vestt, heleen jonson, augusta sevej, richard broose nyoojant, arther fausatt. pala kesukalilum, sambhavangal nadannu varshangalkk sesham eee rekhakal sookshicha oreyoru vyakthi gumbi mathramaayirunnu. frederic dougless nadatthiya "nammude deseeya thalasthaanathe" kurichulla oru hrasvamaaya kathukalude parambarayaanu oru udaaharanam. grays greenwood dougless thammilaan kathukal ezhuthiyathu.
chaals dablyu. gumbiyude saambathika pinthunakkaaranaaya neuman 1929 leeii vaal street thakarchaye saaramaayi baadikkukayum gumbiyude studiyoykku athinte saadhaarana rakshaadhikaarikalude pinthuna nashtappedukayum cheythu. walstreet apakadam gumbi thante studiyo upekshichu thante vilayeriya pathippukal vilkkanum thante scrapbukkukal oru suhruthinte veedinte nilavarayil sookshikkaanum nirbandhithanaakki.
gambi parasyamaayi swavarggaanuraagiyaayirunnu, addehathinte pusthaka studiyo harlemile elgbt samoohathinte othucheral sthalamaayi maari. dandy", "soshyal butterfly" enningane visheshippikkappetta addehathe "fancy vasthrangal, vattaatha nadattha vadi, ilam manja niratthilulla kuttikalude kayyurakal, diamond stikku-pinn ennivayaal thante prathyeka cheria grouppinte byoo brummel aakki" ennu nyoojant visheshippichu.
shekharam.
1901 septambaril, 16-aamm vayassil, president mckinleyude kolapaathakathekkurichulla clippingukalulla gumpy thante aadyathe scrapbook nirmmichu.
1910 aayappozhekkum gambi thante clippingukal samghadippikkukayum americayileyum canadayileyum librarikalile samanamaaya shekharangal sandarshikkukayum cheythu. saha aafrikkan-american aarkkivistaaya arturo alphonso shomberghin gambi parichayapettu.
columbia sarvakalashaalayil veyittaraayi jolie cheythirunna gambi academica vibhagangalumaayum vidyaarthikalumaayum sauhrudam sthaapikkaan thudangi, janapriya professormareyum kolambiyayude president nicolas murey buttler kurichulla thante shekharathil clippingukal chertthu. 1925ll gumbiyude shekharathil addehathinte randara murikal niranjathinaal addeham thaamasichirunna veedinte randaam nilayilulla vibhajikkappedaatha appaartment muzhuvan paattatthinu nalkaan addeham nirbandhithanaayi. neegro" enangal book dealermark thaalpparyamillaathathayi kanakkakkiyirunnathinaal thante shekharam svanthamaakkunnathu eluppamaanennu gumpy thudakkathil kandethi.
pooll robeson, josephine baker, laangstan hugs, kyab caloway, luis amstrong, kaundu besi, ethel waters thudangiya sradheyamaaya kalakaaranmaaril ninnulla autograph cheytha photokalum kathakalum kathukalum frederic dougless, vilyam lloyd gaarisan, booker tii thudangiya karutha charitra vyakthikalil ninnulla aksharangalum autographukalum scrapbukkukalil adangiyirikkunnu. washington, jorjju washington carver, father divani, dablyu.iii.bii. duu bois, marcus garvi.
ashupathriyil praveshippikkumbol thannekkurichulla lekhanangal, well cardukal, thanne sandarshicha suhruthukkalude phottokal enniva ulppede gambi shekharikkukayaayirunnu. ashupathriyil ninnu mochithanaayappol gambi veendedukkukayum thante shekharam punasthaapikkaan thudangukayum avayil kootticherkkunnathu thudarukayum cheythu. 1950-ll gambi thante shekharam columbia sarvakalaashaalaykk sambhavana cheyyukayum 1951-ll shekharangal samghadippikkaan sahaayikkunnathin columbia addehathe ettu maasathekku niyamikkukayum cheythu. 1961ll kshayarogam moolamulla sankeernathakal moolam marikkunnathuvare gumpy thante scrapbukkukalil kootticherkkal thudarnnu. 300 scrapbukkukal kolambiyayude apoorva pusthakathinteyum buttler libraryile kaiyezhuthuprathi libraryudeyum bhagamaanu.
1920-kalude thudakkathil addeham amerikkayude kizhakkan theerathulla nagarangalil thante shekharangal pradarshippikkukayum pinneedu 1922-leeii swakaarya pusthaka shekharanakkaarude 'hoose huu' enna pathippil ulppeduthukayum cheythu.
gumpy thante shekharathekkurichu athu paranju "... ithine 'alikhitha charithram' ennu vilikkam... saadhaarana charithrangalilum nighandukkalilum school paatapusthakangalilum rekhappeduthiyittillaath american neegroyumaayi bandhappettatho athumaayi bandhappettatho aaya niravadhi athishayakaravum njettikkunnathumaaya charitra sambhavangal undu, allengil anganeyaanengil, avaa oru repleyude 'vishwasichaalum illengilum' pole shabdamundaakkunna tharatthil nizhalittirikkunnu.'pathravaartthakalum maasika lekhanangalum autographukal, kathukal, phottokal, naadaka paripaadikal, adimathavumaayi bandhapetta rekhakal ennivayulppede vividha formaattukalaanu scrapbukkukal nirmmikkunnath. scrapbukkukal pinneedu microphilimaayi parivartthanam cheythu.

