
paricha

kaithandayilo kaithandayilo kettiyidukayo pidikkaathirikkukayo cheiyunna vyakthigatha kavachatthinte oru kashanamaanu paricha. aduthulla aayudangalil ninno ambukal polulla projakttailukalil ninno sajeeva blokkukal vazhi nirddishta akramanangal thadayunnathinum poraattasamayatthu onno athiladhikamo edapazhakalukal adachu nishkriya samrakshanam nalkunnathinum sheeldukal upayogikkunnu.
upayokthaavinte muzhuvan shareeratheyum samrakshikkunna valia paanalukal muthal kaikondu-kaikondu-poraattam nadatthaan uddeshichulla cheria modalukal (buckler polullava) vare sheeldukalude valippathilum aakruthiyilum valareyadhikam vyathyaasamund. sheeldukalude kanavum valare vyathyaasappettirikkunnu; chila sheeldukal kunthangaludeyum crossbo bolttukaludeyum aaghaathathil ninnu sainikare samrakshikkunnathinaayi thaarathamyena aazhathilullathum agiranam cheiyunnathumaaya thadi planking upayogichaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, mattullava kanamkuranjathum bharam kuranjathum pradhaanamaayum blade strikeukal (roromarougi allengil kwaatta polullava) vyathichalippikkunnathini roopakalppana cheythavayumaanu. avasaanamaayi, sheeldukalude aakruthiyil valare vyathyaasamund, vritham muthal koneeyatha, aanupathika neelavum veethiyum, samamiti, edju paatten ennivayil; vyathyastha roopangal kaalaalppadaykko kuthirappadaykko kooduthal opttimal samrakshanam nalkunnu, portability vardhippikkunnu, kappal samrakshanam allengil oru aayudhamaayi dvitheeya upayogangal nalkunnu.
charithraatheethakaalathum aadyakaala naagarikathakalude kaalaghattatthilum, maram, mrugangalude maravu, neytha naanalukal allengil weaker enniva upayogichaanu parichakal nirmmikkappettirunnath. purathana kaalaghattatthil, barbarian akramanangalilum madhyakaalakhattangalilum, avaa saadhaaranayaayi poppler maram, chunnaambu allengil mattoru pilarpp prathirodhasheshiyulla thadi upayogichaanu nirmmikkappettirunnath, chila sandarbhangalil thukal allengil rohyde polulla vasthukkal kondu moodukayum palappozhum mettal booas, riim allengil banding upayogichu shakthippeduthukayum cheythu. kaalnada sainikar, kuthirappadayaalikal, kuthirappadaamgangal ennivar avare vahichirunnu.
samayavum sthalavum anusarichu, paricha vrithaakruthiyilullathum, oval, chathuraakrithiyilullathum, chathuraakrithiyilullathum, thrikonaakrithiyilullathum, bilabial allengil scaloped aakam. chilappol avaa pattangalude roopathilo flaattironukalude roopathilo allengil orupakshe oru kannu dwaramullah chathuraakrithiyilulla adithattil vrithaakrithiyilulla toppukal undaayirunnu, pooraattatthil upayogikkumbol nokkaan. oru central grip allengil strappukal upayogichu sheeled pidichirunnu, chilath upayokthaavinte kaikk mukaliloo chutto pookukayum onno athiladhikamo kaikal pidikkukayum cheythu.
palappozhum parichakal avarude sainyatheyo vamshatheyo kaanikkunnathinaayi peyint cheytha paatten allengil mrugangalude praathinidhyam upayogichu alankarichirunnu. eee roopakalppanakal uyarnna madhyakaalakhattathil yudhakkala thirichariyal aavasyangalkkaayi chittappedutthiya vamshavali upakaranangalayi vikasichu. yudhakkalathil vedimarunnum thokkukalum avatharippichathinusheshavum chila grouppukal parichakalude upayogam thudarnnu. udaaharanathinu, pathinettaam noottaandil scotish malayora poraalikal targes ennariyappedunna cheria parichakal upayogikkaan eshtappettu, pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, chila vyavasaayavalkkarikkappeda aalukal (sulu yodhaakkal polullava) yudhangal nadathumbol avaye upayogichu.
20-aamm noottaandilum 21-aamm noottaandilum, theevravaada virudha pravartthanangal, bandikale rakshappeduthal, kalapa niyanthranam, uparodham thakarkkal ennivayil vaidagdhyamulla sainika, police unitukal sheeldukal upayogichittundu.
charitraatheethakaalam.
vaal, kodali, gadha thudangiya kaii aayudangal allengil sling-kallukal, ambukal thudangiya aayudangal upayogichu akramanangal thadayaan roopakalppana cheytha oru samrakshana upakaranamaayirunnu ettavum pazhaya paricha. kaalakramena sthalathum nirmmaanatthilum sheeldukal valareyadhikam vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. chilappol parichakal lohatal nirmmichavayaayirunnu, ennaal maram allengil mrugangalude maravu nirmmaanam valare saadhaaranamaayirunnu; wicker aamayude shellukalum polum upayogichittundu. loha parichakalude nilanilkkunna pala udaaharanangalum saadhaaranayaayi praayogikathekkaal aachaaraparamaanennu thonnunnu, udaaharanathinu venkala kaalaghattatthile ethom-type sheeldukal allengil irumbu yugathile baattarsee sheeled.
charithram.
purathana.
valipavum bharavum valare vyathyasthamaan. vegathayeyum sarpraisineyum aasrayikkunna cheruthaayi kavachitharaya yodhaakkal saadhaaranayaayi cherutho nerthatho aaya laitt sheeldukal ("pelttu") vahikkum. shareerathinte bhooribhaagavum moodunna sakthamaaya parichakal kanatha sainikaril sajjeekarichirikkam. palarkkum gaij enna oru strap undaayirunnu, athu upayogathilillaathappo kuthirappurattho aayirikkumbozho upayokthaavinte purakil chaadaan anuvadikkunnu. bisi 14-13 noottaandil eejipthile faravo ramsus randaamante koolippadayalikalaayi pravarthicha sards allengil shardana hittaittukalkkethire valutho cherutho aaya vrithaakrithiyilulla parichakal upayogichu. mysenian greekkukaar rund tharam parichakal upayogichirunnu "figure-oof-ettu" parichayum chathuraakrithiyilulla "gopuram" parichayum. eee parichakal praadhamikamaayi oru wicker framil ninnaan nirmmichathu, thudarnnu thukal upayogichu shakthippeduthi. thala muthal call vare shareeram moodunna ettaamathe roopavum gopura kavachavum yodhaavinte shareerathinte bhooribhaagathinum kaikondu pooraadumbool nalla samrakshanam nalki. purathana greak hoplaittukal oru vrithaakrithiyilulla, paatra aakruthiyilulla thadi paricha upayogichirunnu, athu venkalam upayogichu shakthippeduthukayum "aspis" ennu vilikkukayum cheythu. purathana greak parichakalil ettavum kooduthal kaalam nilanilkkunnathum ettavum prashasthavum swaadheenamullathumaaya paricha koodiyaayirunnu aspis. sparttanmaar greak fallenx roopeekaranam srishtikkaan aspis upayogichu. avarude parichakal thangalkk mathramalla, avarude idathuvashathulla sakhaakkalkkum samrakshanam nalki. 
ekadesham 350 bii. sii.-500 eiii. dii. kaalaghattatthile jarmman thadi parichakalude udaaharanagal danish bogukalile aayudhabalikalil ninnu nilanilkkunnu.
kanatha kavachitharaya roman sainyamgangal kooduthal samrakshanam nalkaan kazhiyunna valia parichakal ("scoota") vahichirunnuvenkilum vegathayeriya chalanam alppam budhimuttaakki. skoottathinu" yadhaarthathil oru oval aakruthiyundaayirunnu, ennaal aadyakaala saamraajyathva sainyangalil saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunna parichithamaaya chathuraakrithiyilulla aakruthi srishtikkunnathinaayi kramena valanja mukalbhaagangalum vashangalum murichu. romakkar avarude parichakal upayogichu "testudo" enna aama polulla oru roopeekaranam srishtichu, athil misailukalil ninnu samrakshanam nalkunnathinaayi muzhuvan sainika samghangaleyum oru kavachitha pettiyil pothinjirikkum. pala purathana paricha roopakalppanakalum eathenkilum tharatthilulla inkattukal ulkkollunnu. oru kunthatthinte thaadiye ulkkollunnathinaan ithu cheythath, angane sainikar oru parichayude mathil roopeekarichu orumichu nilkkenda thanthrangal sugamamakkunnu.
poost classical.
aadyakaala europian madhyakaalakhattathil lyndon, phir, alder allengil poppler polulla ilam, vibhajikkaatha maram ulla vrithaakrithiyilulla sheeldukal saadhaarana onno rando vashangalil thukal cover upayogichu shakthippeduthukayum idaykkide loha remukal oru mettal sheeled bosine valayam cheyyukayum cheythirunnu. eee laitt sheeldukal oru poratta shailige anuyojyamaanu, avide oro incoming bloy bosinoppam thadanju athine vyathichalippikkunnu. patthaam noottaandil normans pattam paricha avatharippichu, athu mukalil vrithaakruthiyilullathum thaazhe churungiyathumaanu. ithu sheeldinte motham bhaarathinu valareyadhikam cherkkathe upayokthaavinte kaalukalkk kurachu samrakshanam nalki. pattam kavaril pradhaanamaayum aayudangalum kavachathe kaikondu muruke pidikkaan upayogikkunna thukal pattangalumaanu ullathu. kalnadayum kuthirappuravum kayarunna sainikar orupole upayogikkunna ithu kramena panthrandaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare saadhaarana choisaayi raundu sheeldinu pakaramaayi vannu, kooduthal kaaryakshamamaya avayava kavacham sheeldukal cheruthaayi valaraan anuvadikkukayum pathinalam noottaandil poornnamaayum maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu.
shareera kavachangal mechappettathode, kuthirayude parichakal cheruthaakukayum ithu parichithamaaya heater sheeled shailiyilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. pattavum heater shailiyilulla sheeldukalum niravadhi paalikalulla laminated maram kondaanu nirmmichathu, cross sekshanil soumyamaaya vakramund. heater shaili innum upayogikkunna pratheekathmaka heraldic sheeldinte roopathinu prachodanamaayi. oduvil, yudhathilo toornamentilo nayikkaan sahaayikkunnathin, lans vashathinte mukal moolayil oru lans restt muricha "boshh" polulla prathyeka roopangal vikasippichu. staandukalil pothinjirunna pavisukal ennariyappedunna swathanthramaayi nilkkunna parichakal, reload cheyyumbol samrakshanam aavasyamulla madhyakala crossbomanmar upayogichirunnu.
kaalakramena, chila kavachitha kaalnadakkaar chalanathinum rund kaii aayudangalkkum anukoolamaayi parichakal upekshichu. mattu naittukalum saadhaarana sainikarum buckler sweekarichu, ithu "swashbuckler" enna padatthinu kaaranamaayi. buckler saadhaaranayaayi 8 muthal 16 inch (20-40 centimeter) vare vyaasamulla oru cheria vrithaakrithiyilulla parichayaan. saadhaaranayaayi lohatal nirmmicha valare kurachu tharam parichakalil onnaayirunnu buckler. cheruthum bharam kuranjathumaaya buckler oru belttil thookkiyidunnathiloode eluppathil kondupokaan kazhiyumaayirunnu; ithu misailukalil ninnu cheria samrakshanam nalkukayum kaikondu pooraadunnathinu neekkivaykkukayum cheythu, avide athu samrakshanathinum kuttakrithyathinum upayogichu. madhyakaalakhattathil aarambhicha bucklerinte upayogam pathinaram noottaand vare nannayi thudarnnu.
italiyil, saadhaaranakkaarum fencermaarum naittukalum polum targa, parma, rotella enniva upayogichirunnu. plate kavacham vikasippichathode parichayude aavasyakatha illaathaayathinaal parichakalude ennam kuranju. purushanmaarum kuthirakalum sheeldukal upayogikkunnathu nirthiyathinu sesham cheruthaayi kavachitharaya sainikar sheeldukal upayogikkunnathu thudarnnu. vedimarunnil pravartthikkunna aayudangal yudhakkalathil kaalaharanappettathakkiyathum parichakalude upayogam thudarnnu. pathinettaam noottaandil scotish vamshangal akkaalathe thokkukalkkethire bhaagikamaayi phalapradamaaya oru cheria, vrithaakrithiyilulla tarj upayogichu, ennirunnaalum britiish kaalaalppada bionetukalkkum kuthirappada walk ethire adutha pooraattatthil ithu kooduthalaayi upayogichirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil, thokkukal labhyamallaatha vyaavasaayikamallaatha samskaarangal ippozhum yuddha kavachangal upayogichirunnu. thadi nattellu kondu pinthunaykkunna orotta kaalayude maravil ninnu nirmmicha ishlangu enna bharam kuranja valia parichakalaanu sulu yodhaakkal vahichirunnathu. ithu oru cheria kunthavum (eklwa) koodaathe/allengil clubb samyojippichaan upayogichirunnathu. mattu aafrikkan sheeldukalil cameroonil ninnulla glagwa allengil kongoyil ninnulla enguba enniva ulppedunnu.
aadhunika.
niyama nirvvahana kavachangal.
sayudha aakramanathil ninnulla samrakshanathinaayi lokamembaadumulla niravadhi police senakal ippozhum sheeldukal upayogikkunnu. eee aadhunika parichakal saadhaaranayaayi vishalamaaya rund vyathyastha aavasyangalkkaayi uddeshichullathaanu. aadyathe tharam, kalaapaparipaalanathinaayi upayogikkunna kalapapariseelanaparipalanam, lohathil ninno polymer aaya polycarbonate lexan allengil macrolon allengil bopettu mylar ennivayil ninno nirmmikkam. parakal, kuppikal thudangiya thaarathamyena valuthum kuranja vegathayullathumaaya projakttailukalil ninnum mushtikalil ninno klabbukalil ninno ulla praharangalil ninnum iva saadhaaranayaayi samrakshanam nalkunnu. synthetic raitt sheeldukal saadhaaranayaayi suthaaryamaan, ithu kaazhchaye thadassappeduthaathe sheeled poornnamaayum upayogikkaan anuvadikkunnu. athupole, lohathinte kalaapathinte parichakalkk palappozhum eee aavashyathinaayi kanninte thalatthil oru cheria jalakam undu. prathishedhakkaare thadayaan upayokthaakkal oru "mathil" yill nilkkumbol janakkoottathe thadayaanum pinthirippikkaanum, kallukal, ishtikakal, molotov kokdeyilukal thudangiya prakshepakangalil ninnu samrakshikkanum, kaikondu pooraadumbozhum eee kalapa parichakal saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu.
randaamathe tharam aadhunika police sheeled bullatt resisttant baalistik sheeldaanu, ithine tactical sheeled ennum vilikkunnu. eee sheeldukal saadhaaranayaayi kevler polulla noothana syntheticsil ninnaan nirmmikkunnath, avaa bullatt proof allengil kuranjathu bullatt prathirodhasheshiyullavayi roopakalppana cheythittullavayaanu. rund tharam sheeldukal labhyamaanu
thanthraparamaaya sheeldukalkku palappozhum oru firing portt undu, athinaal sheeled kaivasham vachirikkunna udyogasthanu sheeled samrakshikkumbol oru ayudham prayogikkaan kazhiyum, avaykku palappozhum bullatt proof glass viewing portt undu. bandikale rakshappeduthunnathum samgha samghangalude samghangal lamghikkunnathum polulla uyarnna apakadasaadyathayulla praveshana, uparodha saahacharyangalilum theevravaada virudha pravarthanangalilum swaatt teamukal polulla specialist poleesaanu avare saadhaaranayaayi niyamikkunnath.
niyama nirvvahana sheeldukalil palappozhum upayokthaav oru niyama nirvvahana udyogasthanaanennu soochippikkunnathinu "police" (allengil "yuu. ezz. maarshalukal" polulla oru senayude peru) ennu soochippikkunna valia adayaalangalundu.

