
referencinte avyakthatha

irupathaam noottaandile vishakalana thathwachinthakanaaya willard vaan oormaan kwin thante 'vaid aandu object' enna pusthakatthil ezhuthiya oru prabandhamaanu inscruitability allengil indittarminasi oof reference (referential inscruitability). eee sidhaanthathinte pradhana avakaashavaadam, eathoru vaakyatheyum avar paraamarsikkunna vaakyathinte bhagangal maarunna mattu vaakyangalayi maattaan kazhiyumennathaanu, ennirunnaalum avaa vaakyathinte ardham mothatthil nilanirtthum. paraamarshaparamaaya bandham vivechikkaanaavaathathaanu, kaaranam ithu prabhaashakante pashchaathala bhashaykkum oontoolajikkal prathibadhathakalkkum vidheyamaan.
avalokanam.
holophraastik anishchithathvathodoppam, referencinte anishchithathvavum (radical) vivarthanathinte anishchithathvathekkurichu kwaininte prabandham nirmmikkunna randaamathe tharam anishchithathvamaanu. referencinte avyakthatha orotta vaakkukalumayi bandhappettathaanenkilum, athu nirddeshangalkkaayi upayogikkaan kwin agrahikkunnilla, kaaranam addeham avaye mattoru reethiyil akramikkunnu. vivarthanathinte anishchithathvathekkurichu thante ashayam nirddeshichukondu muzhuvan vaakyangaludeyum vivarthanatheyo referential parisodhanayeyo addeham velluvilikkunnu. ithu nirvahikkunnathinaayi, holophraastik anishchithathvam ennu vilikkappedunna oru prasthaavanayaan kwain nadathunnathu, athu oru vaakyathinte onniladhikam vivarthanangal ellaayppozhum undennu parayunnu. referencinte avyakthathayumayi bandhapetta eee sidhaantham vivarthanathinte anishchithathvathinte pradhana savisheshathakalaan.
kwaininte oondolajikkal relativity sidhaantham vishadeekarikkunnathinu referencinte inscrutability kooduthal vipulamaaya reethiyil upayogikkaam. oru prathyeka vaakkinte referential object enthaanennu nirnnayikkaan shramikkukayaanenkil, nammude utharam ellaayppozhum nammude swantham "pashchaathala bhasha" yumayi bandhappettirikkumenn nammodu parayunnu. ippol, kwin kaanunnathupole, eee ashayam bhashayil maathram parimithappedunnilla, marichu shaasthreeya chodyangalkkum daarshanika chodyangalkkum baadhakamaan. udaaharanathinu, namukk oru daarshanika sidhaantham nirddeshikkappettaal, athinte oontoolajikkal prathibaddhathakal namukk orikkalum theerchayaayum chithreekarikkaan kazhiyilla. namukk cheyyaan kazhiyunna ettavum valia kaaryam, eee sidhaanthathe nammude nilavile "pashchaathala thathwachintha" yumayi poruthappedutthuka ennathaanu. eee sidhaantham kaaranam, kwine palappozhum oru aapekshikavaadiyaayo shaasthreeya samshayavaadiyaayo kanakkaakkappettirunnu. ennirunnaalum, thaan eee vibhagangalilonnum pedunnillennu addeham urappichu paranju, chila ezhuthukaar referencinte avyakthathayil aapekshikathayude nirnnayathil kuravundennu kaanunnu.
gawagai" enna prayogatthiloode chithreekaricha chithram.
thante vivarthana sidhaanthathinte anishchithathvathil, oraalkk oru bhasha vivarthanam cheyyanamenkil, ellaayppozhum niravadhi badal vivarthanangal undennum avayil mattonnilum kooduthal sariyallennum kwain avakaashappedunnu. athinaal oru samoolamaaya vivarthanam asaadyamaanu. eee sidhaanthathinte oru prathyeka bhaagamaayi, referencinte avyakthatha soochippikkunnathu eathu vasthuvinuvendiyaanu oru prathyeka vaakk (vaachakam, adayaalam muthalaayava) kandethanulla sramathilaanu.) oru bhasha soochippikkunnathu, orikkalum orotta saadhyatha maathrame undaakoo. pariganikkunna saadhyathakal valare aduthaanengil polum athu anganeyayirikkum. kwiniyude gawagai enna vaakkinte udaaharanam ithu vyakthamakkaan upayogikkunnu. vivarthanathinte anishchithathvathilum ithu prayogikkappedunnundu parambaraagathamaayi referential inscrutability choondikkaanikkaanaanu ithu avatharippikkappettitlathu. gawagai" chintha pareekshanam oru bhaashashaasthranjanekkurich parayunnu, oru muyal kandappol ithuvare ariyappedaatha oru maathrubhaasha samsaarikkunnavan ucharikkumbol "gawagai" enna padaprayogatthinte ardham kandethaan shramikkunnu. ottanottathil, "gawagai" ennaal "muyal" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu. ippol, pashchaathala bhashayum athinte referencing upakaranangalum ivideyulla bhaashaashaasthranjane viddiyaakkiyekkaamenn kwin choondikkaanikkunnu, kaaranam addeham ellaayppozhum videsha bhashayum thante swantham bhashayum thammil nerittu thaarathamyam cheiyunnuvenna ardhathil thettidharikkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, "gavagay" ennu vilichuparayukayum oru muyal nere viral choondukayum cheyyumbol, naattukaarkk "verpeduthappedaatha muyal-bhagangal" allengil "muyal-tropukal" polullavaye paraamarshikkaam, athu oru vyathyasavum kaanilla. bhaashaavidku praadeshika prabhashakanil ninnu shekharikkaan kazhiyunna perumatta daatta ellah saahacharyangalilum onnuthanneyayirikkum, allengil athu punarnaamakaranam cheiyunnathinu, ore censoric uthejakangalil niravadhi vivarthana sidhaanthangal nirmmikkaan kazhiyum. athinaal, "gawagai" enna padavum athinte paraamarsikkunna vasthuvum thammilulla paramarsham bhasha allengil chattakkoodine aasrayichirikkunnu, athinaal athu manassilakkaan kazhiyilla. eee kandethaline nissaaramaayi kwain kanakkakkunnu, kaaranam oru vaakk paraamarsikkunna ellah vyathyastha kaaryangalum avayude proxy functionukal kaaranam mattaam ennathu ithinakam thanne vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappetta oru vasthuthayaan.
aaa thaddeseeyabhaashakal rasakaramaaya vyathyastha reethikalil samsaarikkamennum athinekkurichu namukk arian kazhiyillennum kaanikkan kwin agrahikkunnilla, marichu arian onnumilla. gawagai" yude sariyaaya vivarthanavum referential bandhavum oru reethiyiloodeyum thirichariyaan asaadhyamaanennu mathramalla, vaasthavathil, eee chodyathinu sariyaaya utharam polum illa. gawagai" enna vaakk eathenkilum vidhathil ardhamaakkunnathinu, bhaashaavetha "muyal-tropukal" polulla sankeernamaaya padangale praadeshika prabhashakan paraamarshikkunnillenn anumaanikkanam. appol, "gawagai" ennaal "muyal" ennartham varunna kandethal yadhaarthathil oru vivarthanamalla, marichu oru saamaanyabudhi vyaakhyaanam maathramaan.
oru thaddesheeya, anjjaatha bhashayil ninnu parichithamaaya onnilekku enthengilum vivarthanam cheiyunnathil mathramalla, ellah bhaashakalkkidayilum anishchithathvavum avyakthathayum sambhavikkunnu ennathu sradhikkendathaanu. jarmman, dutch thudangiya bhashakalkkum ore bhasha samsaarikkunnavarkkum polum ithu baadhakamaan. oraalude sambhaashana pankaali krithyamaayi enthaanu soochippikkunnathennu aaa vyakthi oru muyal kurichu samsaarikkumbol arcum urappode parayaan kazhiyilla. atharam sandarbhangalil nammal saadhaaranayaayi homophonic niyamam upayogikkunnu, athaayath.iii.oru vyakthi "muyal" ennu ucharikkukayaanenkil, aaa vyakthi athu nammal upayogikkunnathupole thanne upayogikkunnuvennu nammal anumaanikkunnu. ennaal, kaanichathupole, parasparam verthirichariyaan kazhiyaatha onniladhikam saadhyathakalund. ithu nammude swantham kaaryatthilum baadhakamaan. muyal" enna vaakk upayogikkumbol nammal enthaanu paraamarshikkunnathenn namukkuthanne ariyilla, kaaranam kwaininte vakkil "vasthuvinte vasthuthayilla" ennathuthanne kaaranam. ennirunnaalum, ore vivarthanathil saadhyamaaya vyathyastha referential objectukal upayogikkaan paadilla, kaaranam avaa alakkaan kazhiyaathathum thathfalamaayundaakunna vivarthana sidhaanthathil yukthisahamaya thettidhaaranakal adangiyirikkunnathumaayi.
realist virudha vyaakhyaanam.
nammude nirddeshaparamaaya manobhaavangal paraamarsikkunna oru manass-swatantra lokamundu enna parambaraagatha yaadhaarthyavaadiyude kaazhchappaadine velluvilikkaan hilari putnam referencinte avyakthathayekkurichulla kwaininte prabandham upayogikkunnu (udha.jii. nammal enthengilum samsaarikkumbozho chinthikkumbozho, eee karyangal nammude manassil nilanilkunnilla, marichu paranja manass-swatantra lokathaanu). eee parambaraagatha veekshanam sathyathinte oru kathidapaadukal sidhaanthathe soochippikkunnu, athine kevalam asthithvathekkurichulla yaadhaarthyam ennu vilikkam. chila prathyeka kesukalil kathidapaadukal nedunnathil paraajayappedunnuvennu maikkal dummet ithinakam kaanikkan shramichappol, hilari puttnam valare samoolamaanu, kaaranam eee sidhaantham prayogikkaan sramikkunna ellah saahacharyangalilum paraajayappedunnuvennu addeham avakaashappedunnu. putnaminte vivaranathil, nammude vaakyangalum prasthaavanakalum upayogichu oru manass-swathanthravum bhaashaaparamallaathathumaaya lokathekku paraamarsikkunna ashayam oru midhyaadhaaranayaanu. kaikaaryam cheyyenda prashnam oru bhasha daarshanikamaanennum thante kaazhchappaad vyakthamakkaan kwaininte reference sidhaanthathinte avyakthatha upayogikkunnundennum addeham avakaashappedunnu. oru bhaashayude referential vasthukkal ellaayppozhum parishodhikkaanaavaathathil, manass-swatantra lokathekkurichulla yaadhaarthyavaadiyude ashayam thettaanenn addeham nirddeshikkunnu, kaaranam athu bhashayil ninnu manass-swatantra lokathile vasthukkalumayulla vyathyasthamaaya referential bandhangal munkootty anumaanikkunnu.
soraits paradoxyle prayogam.
referencinte vivechanarahitatha soraits vairudhyathilum upayogikkunnu. soraits vairudhyathinte classic udaaharanam gothamb daanyangalude oru koombaaratthe paraamarsikkunnu, athil ninnu daanyangal oronnaayi edukkunnu, oru samayat oru daanyam maathrame avasheshikkunnulloo. oru koombaaram enthaanennathinekkurichu evideyaanu rekha varaykkendathu enna chodyam ithu uyarthunnu. ethranaal eee koombaaram oru koombaaramaayi nilanilkkum? rund daanyangal ippozhum oru koombaaramalle? oraal oru koombaarathekkurichu samsaarikkumbol, athu kayyil thayyaaraanennathin sariyaaya nirvachanam illa. koombaaram" enna padatthinte referential object, atharam oru kaaryavumilla enna ardhathil, "koombaaram" enna padam upayogikkunnathinu polum athu aavasyamilla enna ardhathil, vivechikkanaavilla.