
philipino amerikkakkaarude charithram

colonial meksikoyilekkum (ippol amerikkayude bhagamaaya pradeshangal) eshyayilekkum porunna nyoo speyininte kappalukal vazhi philipino adimakaleyum karar cheytha sevekaray kondupoyathodeyaanu philipino amerikkakkaarude charithram parokshamaayi aarambhikkunnath. kappalukalil charakkukalum thadavukaarum niranjirunnu. atharam adimakale vahikkunna aadya kappal meksikoo sittiyude niyanthranatthilulla alta california pradeshathe mooroo ulkkadalinu chuttum nyoo speyininteyum pinneedu madridinteyum vaisroyalttil doock cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaand vare phillippeans bhoomishaasthraparamaayi vadakke amerikkayil ninnu otappettathaayi thudarnnenkilum spanish manila gaaliyon vazhi pasaphik samudrathiludaneelam pathivayi ashayavinimayam nadatthi. 1700-kalil kurachu philipino navikarkkum karar cheytha sevakarkkum spanish gaaliyanukalil ninnu rakshappedaan kazhinju, pasaphik theeratho mattoru pradeshamaaya louisianayilo sthirathaamasamaakki. amerikkayil thamasikkunna oru philipino manushyan nyoo oorliyans yudhathil grettu brittanethire american sainyavumayi pooraadunnathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasana varshangalil america spainumaayi yudhathil earppedukayum aathyanthikamayi philippain dveepukale aaa rajyath ninnu kootticherkkukayum cheythu. 
thalphalamaayi, moonnu varsham neenduninna philippean-american yudhathil (1899-1902) thudangi amerikkayude pathittaandukalude rashtreeya, saambathika aadhipathyam philippeensinte charithrathe adayaalappeduthi. america aadyathe phillippeans republicine paraajayappedutthukayum philippainsine amerikkanvalkkarikkaan sramikkukayum cheythu.
irupathaam noottaandil niravadhi philippinokal american aikyanaadukalile naavikasenayilum penshankaar, thozhilaallikal ennivarumaayi chernnu. mahaamaandyakaalathu, philipino amerikkakkar kaaliforniyayile vaatsanvilleyil nadanna vamseeya kalapam ulppedeyulla vamseeya adisthaanamaakkiyulla akramangalude lakshyamaayi maari. 1934ll phillippines swaathanthrya niyamam pasaki, philippinokale kudiyettatthinulla anyagrahajeevikalaayi punarvarggeekarichu. niravadhi philippinokal philippeensilekku madangukayum philippeensinte komanvelthu sthaapikkukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu phillippeans japanese senayude kaivashappeduthukayum cheruthunilppu uyarukayum cheythu. american sainyam verthiricha philipino rejimentukal roopeekarichu, athu aathyanthikamayi jappaante paraajayatthil dveepukale mochippichu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, phillippeans 1946-ll swaathanthryam nedi. 1946-leeii rikshan act vazhi mikka philipino vettaransinteyum aanukoolyangal raddaki. philipino, praadhamikamaayi yuddha vadhukkal, amerikkayilekku kudiyeri; 1946-leeii luceller act kaaranam kooduthal kudiyettam prathivarsham 100 aayi nischayichu. ithu american navikasenayil cheraanum sevanathinu sesham pourathvam nedaanum anuvadicha philippinomaarude ennam parimithappedutthiyilla. 
1965ll laari itliyong, philipp vera cruze ennivarulppedeyulla philipino kaarshika thozhilaallikal delano munthiri panimudakku aarambhichu. athe varsham thanne philipino kudiyettakkaarude prathivarsham 100 perkkulla kwata pinvalichu. niravadhi nazhsumaar ulppede kudiyettakkaarude ennam athivegam vardhichu. philipino amerikkakkar american samoohavumaayi kooduthal nannayi samyojippikkappedaan thudangi, niravadhi pradhamasthaanangal nedi. 1992ll philippeensil ninnulla philippinokale american sainyathilekku cherkkunnath america avide subic bay polulla thaavalangal upekshikkaan nirbandhithanaayathinethudar avasaanichu. 21-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil philipino american charitra maasam amerikkayil amgeekarikkappettu.
kudiyetta charithram.
amerikkayilekkulla philippinokalude kudiyetta reethikal naalu pradhana tharamgangalil sambhavikkunnathayi amgeekarikkappettittundu. aadyathethu nyoo speyinile meksikoo nagaram bharikkunna pradeshamaaya spanish eest indeesinte adhikaaraparidhiyilulla phillippines kaalaghattatthile oru cheria tharamgamaayirunnu; philipinos, manila gaaliyons vazhi, chilappol vadakke amerikkayil adimakalaayo thozhilaallikalaayo thamasikkum.
american aikyanaadukalile philippinokalude aadyathe sthiramaaya vaasasthalam louisianayilaanu, prathyekichu vishudha maaloyude swatantra samooham. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, ezhuthukaaranaaya raamon raise laala swaabhaavikavalkkarikkuppu oru american pouranaakukayum cheytha aadyathe philipino aayi maari, laa jolayil sthirathaamasamaakki, 1910 leeii yunaittad stetts sensus prakaram philipino vamshajaraaya 406 perr maathramaan yunaittad stetsile pradhana bhoopradeshathu rekhappeduthiyathu.ezz.louisianayil 109 umm washington samsthaanathu 17 umm ulppedunnu.
phillippeans yunaittad stetsinte oru pradeshamaayirunna kaalaghattatthilaayirunnu randaam tharamgam; yuu.ezz. pouranmaaraaya philippinokalkku mattu eshyakkaare niyanthrikkunna 1917 leeii immigration act vazhi uslake kudiyerunnathil ninnu aniyanthrithamaayirunnu. eee kudiyetta tharamgathe "manong thalamura" ennu vilikkunnu. eee tharamgatthinte philippinokal vyathyastha kaaranangalal vannuvenkilum bhooribhaagavum thozhilaallikalaayirunnu, pradhaanamaayum elocanoyum visayaanukalum. philippeensile american swaadheenavum vidyaabhyaasavum kaaranam eee kudiyetta tharamgam mattu eshyan amerikkakkaaril ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu; athinaal avar amerikkayilekku kudiyeriyappol avar svayam anyagrahajeevikalaayi kandilla. 1920 aayappozhekkum yuu. ezz. pradhana bhoopradeshathe philipino janasamkhya.ezz. ekadesham 400 ll ninnu 5,600 aayi uyarnnu. 1930 ll kaaliforniyayil 30,000 umm washingtonil 3,400 umm ulppede philipino-american janasamkhya 45,000 kavinju. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, vellakkaareyo hyspanic vamshajareyo vivaham kazhikkaan sramikkunna philipino amerikkakkaare missagenation virudha niyamangal badhikkaan thudangi; 1933 ll california philipinoic vellakkaareyo hyspanic vamshajareyo vivaham kazhikkaan kazhiyillennu vyakthamaakkunna niyamangal aavarthichu.
mahaamaandyakaalathu, philipino amerikkakkareyum baadhichu, jolie nashtappettu, vamshathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla akramatthinte lakshyamaayi. 1934-ll phillippines independence act prakaram prathivarsham 50 perkku kudiyettam parimithappedutthiyathinaal eee kudiyetta tharamgam avasaanichu.
1901 muthal philippinokalkku american navikasenayil cheraan anuvaadam labhichu. sevanamanushtikkumbol, philipino naavikar philippeensil ninnu avarude pankaaliye konduvarikayo allengil amerikkayil oru pankaaliye vivaham kazhikkukayo, navikasenayumaayi bandhapetta oru prathyeka philipino american kudiyetta samoohathinte bhagamaaya kuttikale valarthukayum valarthukayum cheyyum. onnaam lokamahaayudham avasaanikkunnathin munbu, philipino naavikark niravadhi ratingukalil sevikkaan anuvaadamundaayirunnu; ennirunnaalum, yudhakaalakhattathil niyamangalil maattam vannathinaal, philipino naavikar offeesarmaarude steevardukalilum mess attandantukalilum maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. sainika sevanam kaaranam amerikkayilekku kudiyeriya philippinokale akkaalat philipino kudiyettatthinu earppeduthiyirunna kwata niyanthranangalil ninnu ozhivaakkiyirunnu. american aikyanaadukalil ninnu phillippeans swaathanthryam nediyathinetthudarnnu 1946ll ithu avasaanichuvenkilum america republic oof philippeans thammilulla sainika thaavala karaaril bhasha ulppeduthiyathinaal 1947ll ithu punaraarambhichu. 1973ll admiral sumwalt philipino navikarkkulla niyanthranangal neekkam cheyyukayum avarkk yogyatha ulla eathu nirakkilum praveshikkaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu; 1976ll ekadesham 17,000 philipinos american aikyanaadukalude navikasenayil sevanamanushtichu. 1992ll sainika thaavala karar avasaanichathode philippean pouranmaarude naavikasena adisthaanamaakkiyulla kudiyettam nirtthi.
randaam lokamahaayudhathile sambhavangale thudarnnaanu kudiyettatthinte moonnaam tharamgam. randaam lokamahaayudhathil sevanamanushticha philippinokalkku yuu aakanulla oopshan nalkiyirunnu.ezz. pouranmaarum palarum eee avasaram upayogichu, burken parayunnathanusarichu 10,000-thiladhikam. yuddha vadhukkalude niyamavum prathisrutha vadhuvinte niyamavum kaaranam philippina yuddha vadhukkalkk amerikkayilekku kudiyeraan anuvaadam nalkukayum yudhathinu sheshamulla varshangalil ekadesham 16,000 philippinakal amerikkayilekku praveshikkukayum cheythu. eee kudiyettam philippinokalilum kuttikalilum maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyittilla; 1946 num 1950 num idayil oru philipino varanu yuddha vadhuvinte niyamaprakaaram kudiyettam anuvadichu. 1946leeii loose-seller niyamathiloode kudiyettatthinte oru uravidam thurannu, athu philippeansinu prathivarsham 100 perude kwata nalki; ennittum 1953num 1965num idayil 32,201 philippinokal kudiyeriyathaayi rekhakal kaanikkunnu. philippinokalumaayulla vamseeya vivaahathe thadayunna niyamangal kaaliforniyayil 1948 vare thudarnnu; 1967ll yunaittad stetts supreme kodathi "loving vii. virgenia ". 1965ll eee tharamgam avasaanichu.
1965leeii immigration aandu naashanaality act paasaakkiyathodeyaan naalaamatheyum nilavilullathumaaya kudiyetta tharamgam aarambhichath. ithu deseeya kwaattakal avasanippikkukayum kudumba punarekeekaranatthinaayi paridhiyillaattha visakal nalkukayum cheythu. 1970kalilum 1980kalilum philippeensile sevanamanushtikkunnavarude bhaaryamaarude kudiyettam anjaayiram muthal ettu vare vaarshika nirakkiletthi. eshyayil ninnu amerikkayilekkulla niyamaparamaaya kudiyettatthinte ettavum valia uravidamaayi phillippines maari. eee puthiya kudiyetta tharamgatthinte pala philippinakalum yogyathayulla nazhsumaarude kuravu kaaranam professionalukalaayi ivide kudiyeri; 1966 muthal 1991 vare kuranjathu 35,000 philipino nazhsumaarengilum amerikkayilekku kudiyeri. videsha nazhsing skoolukalile birudadhaarikale (sii. jii. eph. enn.) sambandhicha kammeeshan nadathunna yogyathaa pareekshayil pankedukkunna videsha pariseelanam labhicha rajisterdu nazhsumaaril 55 sathamaanavum philippeensilaanu vidyaabhyaasam nediyathu. yuu. esilekku praveshikkunna videsha doctormaaril 24 sathamaanavum philippinokalaanu.ezz. 1970-ll philipino doctormark amerikkayil practies cheiyunnathinu iii. sii. eph. emm. jii pareekshayil vijayikkendivanathinaal 1970-kalil vyapakamaaya thozhil kuravu anubhavapettu.ezz.
2016ll 50,609 philippinokalkku avarude niyamaparamaaya sthira thaamasoukaryam labhichathayi yuu. ezz. eiii. ariyichu.ezz. aabhyanthara suraksha vakupp. 2016ll niyamaparamaaya sthira thaamasa padavi labhicha philippinokalil 66 sathamaanavum puthuthayi vannavarum 34 sathamaanam kudiyettakkaarum yuu. asinullil avarude padavi krameekarichavarumaanu.ezz. 2016ll yuu. esil ninnu shekharicha vivarangal.ezz. philipino kudiyettakkaarude praveshana vibhagangal pradhaanamaayum adutha bandhukkal ulkkollunnavayaanennu aabhyanthara suraksha vakupp kandethi, athaayath praveshanathinte 57 sathamaanam. ithu philippinokalude adutha bandhukkale niyamaparamaayi sthirathaamasamaakkunna motham sharashari kudiyettakkaarekkaal kooduthalaakkunnu, athil 47.9% maathrame ulloo. udanadi aapekshika praveshanathetthudarnnu, kudumbam sponsor cheythathum thozhil adisthaanamaakkiyullathumaya praveshanamaanu phillippeans kudiyettatthinulla adutha uyarnna praveshana maarggam, yathaakramam 28 sathamaanavum 14 sathamaanavum. udanadi aapekshika praveshanam pole, eee rund vibhaagangalum mothatthilulla yuu-yekkaal kooduthalaanu.ezz. niyamaparamaaya sthira thaamasakkaraaya kudiyettakkaar. 2016ll niyamaparamaaya sthira thaamasa padavi nalkia philipino kudiyettakkaaril oru sathamaanathil thaazhe maathramaan vaividhyam, abhayaarthikal, abhayam, mattu vibhagangal enniva.
kooduthal vaayana.
arcadia publishing prasidheekaricha philipino american naashanal historikkal sosaitti pusthakangal

