
aadyathe vienna parvatha spring pipeline

aadyathe vienna parvatha spring pipeline (i. viyannayude jalavitharanathinte oru pradhana bhagamaaya weiner hockwellenwaserliteng) aaa nagaratthinte surakshithamaaya kudivellatthinte aadya uravidamaayirunnu. naalu varshathe nirmmaanathinu sesham 1873 october 24naanu 95 kilometer dairkhyamulla line thurannathu. innu, ithu prathivarsham 62 dasalaksham cubic meter vellam vitharanam cheiyunnu (2007 leeii viyannayude motham vitharanathinte 53 sathamaanam). thekkan lover austriyayileyum stairiyayileyum rax, sneeberg pradeshangalile uyarnna neeruravakalil ninnaan vellam varunnath.
charithram.
1910 muthal thudangi.
athinte srishtiyude kaaranam.
viyannayile jalavitharanam aadyam swakaarya kinarukalil ninnaan. pravarthanakshamamaaya azhukkuchaal samvidaanathinte abhaavathil, bhoogarbhajalathinte gunanilavaaram moshamayathil ninnu moshamaayitheernnu, ithu rogangalkkum pakarchavyaadhikalkkum kaaranamaayi. sakthamaaya jala paippukal nirmmichuvenkilum iva praadhamikamaayi sambannarum valuthumaaya sthaapanangalkku gunam cheythu. janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagathinum kinarukalil gadippichirikkunna neeruravakaleyo neeruravakaleyo aashrayikkendivannu.
kooduthal kavarej nalkunna aadyathe jala pipe 1803-1804 ll nirmikkappettu, ithu hutteldorfill ninnu vellam konduvannu. vitharanam mathiyaakunnathin vienna valare vegathil valarukayaayirunnu, athinaal 1836 ll ferdinand chakravarty jalagathagatham nirmikkappettu. danube kanaalil ninnu krithrimamaayi filter cheytha vellam ithu nalki. thudakkathil, jalathinte gunanilavaaram sveekaaryamaayirunnu, ennaal filteringinte phalangal kramena kurayukayum aarogyaparamaya apakadasaadhyatha madangukayum cheythu. aavasyavum vitharanathe marikadannu.
1850kalude avasaanathil, mattu srothassukalil ninnu vellam vazhithirichuvidunnathinu niravadhi padhathikal nirddeshikkappedukayum aavashyamaaya jalathinte alavu kanakkakkaan padanangal nadathukayum cheythu. kudivellam mathramalla, vyavasaayam, jalasechanam, rooad thalippikkal, neeruravakal, kulikkanulla soukaryangal ennivayum eee padanangalil pariganichu.
oru uravidam thirayuka.
pambukalekkaal guruthwaakarshanam mathiyakunna vidhathil vellam uyarnna uyarathil ninnu uthbhavikkanam ennathaayirunnu praadhamika pariganana. venalkkaalath uyarnna jala thapanilayum athinte shudhiyekkurichulla aashankakalum kaaranam trisen aadyam pariganikkappedukayum nirasikkappedukayum cheythu. pittan, shwarza, laita enniva pinneedu samanamaaya kaaranangalal nirasikkapettu. nadiye oorjja srotassaayi upayogicha kambanikalekkurichulla aashankakalum amonia adisthaanamaakkiyulla valangalil ninnu malineekaranathinulla saadhyathayum kaaranam fischa nirasikkapettu. oduvil shradha rax, sneeberg, woorflack ennivaykkidayilulla pradeshathekku thirinju.
eee padanangalil ninnu shekharicha vivarangal sitti planning authority samgrahikkukayum 1861 juulai 31 nuu sitti kaunsilinu samarppikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu, 1861 desember 1 nuu, nirddishta padhathikkaayi padhathikalum lelangalum samarppikkaan videsha, aabhyanthara enchiniyaring kambanikale kshanichu. panthrand oofarukal avatharippikkukayum vividha srothassukal nirddeshikkukayum cheythu; avayil randennam rax-sneeberg pradeshathu shradha kendreekarichu.
jalavitharana kammeeshan roopeekarikkuka.
1862 november 21nuu sitti kaunsil aavashyamaaya sarvekalum pepparvarkkukalum nadatthaan panthrand anga kammeeshan roopeekarichu. kammeeshan amgangalil kaajettan felder (oru entomologist), ludwig forsttar (oru aarkkitekt), august saang (oru prasadhakan) ennivarumundaayirunnu. 1863ll forstarinte maranashesham pakaram vaykkaan edward syoosine (oru geologist) niyamichu. aaa varsham vasanthakaalath kammeeshan nirddishta sthalangaleyum padhathikaleyum kurichu vishadamaaya parisodhana aarambhichu. avarude patanam kooduthal kooduthal vipuleekarikkukayum oduvil holantinu chuttumulla pradesham parisodhikkukayum athu padhathiyude aavasyangalkku anuyojyamaanennu avar prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
vienna nagaratthile munisippal kaunsilinte jalavitharana kammeeshante sarvekalekkurichulla anthima report" 1864 ll syoos ezhuthukayum kaunsil prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. kaisarbrunnen, stiksenstain, alta ennee moonnu srothassukal uyarnna nilavaaramulla vellam vitharanam cheyyumennum fischayilekkulla paathayekkaal neelamundengilum pump steshan aavasyamillaathathinaal kooduthal chelavu kuranjathaayirikkumennum report nigamanam cheythu. report oru koottam vidagtharkku samarppikkukayum 1864 juulai 6 nuu parisodhikkukayum cheythu. imperial sosaitti oof physicians anthima nirddeshathinu pinthuna nalkukayum juulai 12 nuu kaunsil 94-nethire 2 vottukalkku amgeekarikkukayum cheythu.
vishadamaaya aasoothranathinte thudakkam.
aasoothranathil earppettirunnavare rund grouppukalaayi thirichirunnu. pipeline jalasambharaniyudeyum uravidathinte utharavaaditham aadyathe vakuppinaayirunnu. randaamathe vakupp pipeline roottinte melnottam vahikkukayum vienna nagaraparidikkullil pravartthikkukayum cheythu. sivil enchineeyaraaya kaal jankarinteyum sitti enchineeyaraaya kaal gabrielinteyum nirddeshaprakaaramaanu punny poortthiyaakkiyathu.
1865 october avasaanathode padhathikal poortthiyaakkukayum desemberil palays agarttanil pothu pradarshanatthinu vaykkukayum cheythu. mattoru vidagdha samiti padhathikal parisodhikkukayum 1866 februvariyil avayude amgeekaaram nalkukayum cheythu. aaa varsham meyy 25 nuu padhathikal anthima amgeekaarathinaayi sitti kaunsilinu samarppikkukayum neenda charchakalkku sesham juun 19 nuu padhathi munnott kondupokaan adhikaarappeduthukayum cheythu.
athinu nalkia chumathalakal niravettiyathinushesham, yadhaartha jalavitharana kammeeshan juulai 3 nuu pirichuvidukayum yadhaartha nirmmaanathinu melnottam vahikkunnathinaayi puthiya irupathonnu anga kammeeshan sthaapikkukayum cheythu. yadhaartha kammeeshanarmaaril bhooribhaagavum nilanirthappettu.
1868 joolaiyil aadyathe nirmmaana anumathi nalkappettu. shwarsayk sameepamulla praadeshika bhoovudamakalum factory oopparettarmaarum ethirppukal unnayichenkilum 1869 march 22 nuu aabhyanthara mantraalayam nirasichu.
srothassukal ettedukkal.
stiksanstain.
sidingile shloss stiksansteenu sameepamulla stiksanstain uravidam kaundu ernst kaal voonn hoyos-sprinsensteente udamasthathayilaayirunnu. 1864 juulai 27-nuu thanne pothu domaine avakaashathiloode swath ettedukkaan uddeshikkunnathaayi vienna nagaram addehathe ariyichirunnu. addeham niravadhi vyavasthakal avatharippichittundel avayonnum budhimuttullathaayi kanakkakkappettilla, 1868 august 11-nuu praadeshika kodathi karar amgeekarichu. addehathinte "sambhavana" kku pakaramaayi 1873-ll addehathe viyannayile oonarari pouranaakki.
kaisarbrunan.
1864 juulai 12 nuu, kaisarbroonanile thante thalpparyangal vienna nagaratthilekku dayaapoorvam kaimaran abhyarthikkaan oru prathinidhi samgham france josaf onnaaman chakravarthiyumaayi abhyarthichu.
1865 meyy 1 nuu ringstraaseyude udghaadana chadangukalil, kaisarbrunan nagarathinu sammaanamaayi nalkumennu chakravarty prakhyaapichu. ennirunnaalum, dhanamantraalayam nashtapariharam aavasyappedukayum charchakal nadakkukayum cheythu. 1867 november 29 nuu oru theerumaanathetthudarnnu chakravarthiyumaayulla mattoru sadass nadannu, thudarnnu kooduthal charchakal nadannu, ithu 1868 march 6 nuu oru karar oppuvaykkunnathilekku nayichu.
aadyathe thurankatthinte nirmmaanam.
nirmmaana anumathi nalkiyathinusesham, lelangal parisodhikkukayum 1869 october 12 nuu landanil ninnulla kararukaaranaaya antonio gabriellic karar nalkukayum cheythu.
1870 epril 21 nuu nirmmaanam audyogikamaayi aarambhichu. chakravarty thanne rosenhugalile aadyathe azhukk kayatti. vaasthavathil, 1869 desember 6 nuu holantalil thurankathinu vendi spodanam nadathikkondu nirmmaanam aarambichirunnu. chila prarambha budhimuttukal kaaranam, nirddishta poorttheekarana theeyathi 1874 joolaiyaayi punarnirnnayichu. gabrielli padhathiyude oro vibhaagangalum sub-contractork nalkiyirunnu. thurankatthinte punny nalkiyathu viyannile vaasthusilpiyaaya france shloginaan, avarkk eee chumatala nalkaanaayilla, 1870 augustil avar padhathiyil ninnu neekkam cheyyappettu.
delivarikalile kaalathamasam moolam kooduthal pinnilaya gabrieli thurankathil sahayikkaan yudhamanthriye sameepichenkilum thaan abhyarthicha 250 perkku pakaram 70 saapparukale maathrame addehathe niyogichulloo. vienna nagaratthinte edapedalinethudarnnu, yuddha mantraalayam kooduthal aalukale ayakkukayum 1872 desember 8 nuu avasana turanka vibhaagam poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu.
viyannayile nirmmaanam.
1870 epril 5 nuu nagara kaunsil jalavitharana kammeeshante oru nirddesham amgeekarikkukayum nagarapradeshangalil aavashyamaaya paippukal vitharanam cheyyaan moonnu kambanikale niyogikkukayum cheythu. ivayaayirunnu pragger isendestry-jesselshaft (cladnoyil sthithicheyyunnu), gambier muthalaayava. (laa louvier, beljiyam), newberg-mariasellar geverkshaft ennivayil ninnu. ennirunnaalum, franco-russian yuddham kaaranam gambier avarude paippukal athikkunnathil budhimuttukal nerittu, athinaal avarude karaarinte bhooribhaagavum moraviayile aduthulla faaktarikalilekku maatti. pala paippukalum sthaapichathinushesham pareekshichu, avaa nilavaarathinu anusrithamallaathathinaal pipe mathilukalude kanam vardhippikkukayum thaazhnna pradeshangalil jalasammardham valare uyarunnathu thadayunnathinaayi pothuvaaya padhathi parishkarikkukayum cheythu.
1873-ll jalathinte abhavam kaaranam oktobarode vitharanam vardhippikkaan kazhiyunnathinayi thante jolie thwarithappeduthaan gabrieliyodu aavasyappettu. ithinaayi prathyeka thuka nalkaan sitti kaunsil amgeekaaram nalki. augustode nirmmaanam erekkure poortthiyaayi. 1873 october 24-nuu nadanna udghaadana chadanginte pradhana aakarshanam schwarsenbergplatsil chakravarty oru jettu jaladhara samarppichathaayirunnu.
ennirunnaalum, muzhuvan pipe shringalayum 1874 juulai vare poorthiyaayittilla. aarogyaprasnangal undakaan saadhyathayulla swakaarya kinarukal parishodhichu, enthengilum kandethiyaal, avar sevichirunna thaamasasthalangal puthiya samvidaanavumaayi bandhippikkukayum pazhaya kinarukal adaykkukayum venam. 1883 aayappozhekkum viyannayile 80 sathamaanam veedukalilum puthiya paippukalil ninnaan vellam labhikkunnath. 1888 aayappozhekkum ithu 91 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. janasamkhya vardhichathinaal 1896ll breettansiyil oru pumping steshan cherkkendivannu. 1899 aayappozhekkum weinerbergstrassil mattoru pumping steshan cherkkapettu. 1908lum 1909lum nagaram veendum shaamam neridukayum vyaavasaayika thalpparyangalil ninnulla chila athirppukalkkidayilum randaamathe vienna parvatha neerurava pipeline poortthiyaakunnathuvare mathiyaya kudivella vitharanam urappakkaan stopp gapp nadapadikal sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
1910 muthal 1938 vare.
1910ll randaamathe pipeline thurannathinushesham, aadya pipelinil kooduthal nikshepam aavashyamaayi vannathayi thonniyilla.
1914 juulai 25nuu onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu saamraajyathva utharavanusarichu rund pipelineukalum sarkkar samrakshitha kambanikalaayi maari. thalphalamaayi, saadhaaranayaayi nagara jeevanakkarum sannadhapravarthakarum etteduthirunna lainukalude nireekshanam landsterminte utharavaadithamaayi maari.
yudhaanantharam viyannayile janasamkhya ekadesham 326,000 kuranju, thudarnnulla saambathika maandyam saambathika pravartthanangal kurachathinaal closternuberg, shwechaatt, brann aam gebirj thudangiya sameepa samoohangalilekku athikkunna adhika jalavumaayi nagaram svayam kandethi. ennaal, 1928-lum 1929-lum venalkkaalath eee pradesham varalcha anubhavichu, ithu veendum puthiya jalasrothassukalkkaayi tirayan nirbandhithamaakki. preinbaakkumaayulla samgamasthaanathinaduthulla nasbackil oru thaalkkaalika pumping steshan sthaapikkappettuvenkilum eee vellam klorinettucheyyendinu. aaa pump oduvil pipeline headwateril vaidyuthiyil pravartthikkunna pump upayogichu maatti. 1930-ll, kaisarbrunnanile uravidathil jalapravaahathinte krithyamaaya alavukal nalkunna oru "metering chamber" ulppede mechappeduthalukal nadatthi.
1938 muthal 1945 vare.
1939nuu sesham viyannayile jala upabhogam kuthane vardhichu, 1944 avasaanathode maathram mandagathiyilaayi. 1942 aayappozhekkum aavasyam vitharanathe marikadannu. oru line pravarthanarahithamaakukayaane, nagarapradeshathu bhugarbhajala steshanukalum poottukalum nirmmichu. yudhathinte falamaayi jalasamrakshana nadapadikal theerchayaayum praabalyatthil undaayirunnu.
1944 epril 12nuu aduthulla coatingbrunile vyomathaavalathin nereyundaaya akramanam aadyathe pipeline eedaayi kedupaadukal varuthi. meyy maasathil volezhsdorfil nadanna aakramanathinte phalangal valare gurutharamaayirunnu, ithu pala sthalangalilum line kedupaadukal varuthi. viyannaykku sameepamulla bomb spodanathil jalagathaagathathin kedupaadukal sambhavichu. palappozhum praadeshika agnishamana senaamgangal thaalkkaalika attakuttappanikalkk shramichirunnu. 1945 march 29nuu russian vimaanangalude bombakramanam newnkirchenil kanatha naashanashtamundaakki. yuddham avasanikkunnathuvare ithu nannakkappedaathe kidannu.
1945 muthal innuvare.
nyoonkirchanu sameepamulla bomb garthangal valia alavil charal samvidaanathilekku praveshikkaan anuvadikkukayum ithu paippukalkk mannolippinu kaaranamaakukayum cheythu. kanal vrithiyaakkaanum attakuttappanikal nadatthaanum niravadhi varshangal vendivannu, eee kaalayalavil kanal adaykkendivannu.
pipeline punarnirmmichathinu sheshamulla aadyathe pradhana padhathi nyooseedel aam stainfeldil oru pradhana jalasambharana soukaryathinte nirmmaanamaayirunnu. 1953 november 21nuu tharakkallitta naalu arakalulla vaattar tankinu 1959 epril 25-nakam poornnamaayum pravarthanakshamamaayi. 150,000 cubic meter vellam sambharikkaan ithinu kazhiyum, ithu akkaalat europile ettavum valia taankaayirunnu.
kurachu varshangalkk sesham, mosham voslaavinum mosham fishavuvinum idayil naalu thavana aadya pipeline kadakkunna sudd autobaan (1961-1963) nirmmaanatthiloode mattoru prashnam uyarnnu. gathagatha apakadangalude prathyaaghaathangalil ninnu pipeline samrakshikkunnathinu munkaruthalukal edukkendathundu.
1968ll sneealpenstolan (alpine snow tunnel) sthaapichathode stairiyayil ninnulla vellam pipeline samvidaanathilekku avatharippichu. europile ettavum valia thurankamaayirunnu athu, 20 sathamaanam vitharanam vardhippichu. hochshwab shreniyil ninnu vellam konduvarunna skeeblingstolan, larchsteenstaalan ennee atharam rund thurankangal koodi nirmmichittundu.
whaterpipe museum, kaisarbrunan.
kaisarbrunnanile oru muun phoorast vaardante veedu 1973 muthal oru myoosiyamaayi pravartthikkunnu, ezhu murikalulla rund kettidangal ulkkollunna aadyathe vienna parvatha spring pipeline nirmmaanam rekhappeduthunnu. 1998ll vipuleekaricha myoosiyathil 950 vasthukkalum niravadhi vivara pradarshanangalum viidiyoo avatharanagalumund.

