nambar maattuka

ganithashaasthrathil, oru lalithamaaya sankeernamaaya lye beejaganithatthinte irreducible praathinidhyatthinte chaang nambar athinte dimension modulo 1 + "echu" aanu, ivide "echu" ennathu koksettar nambaraanu. h" + 1 enna kramatthil kandethiya oru ghadakam veendum kandethiyathinte perilaanu chaang nambarukal ariyappedunnathu.
 anubandha chewali grouppinte sankeernna pooyintukalil "h" + 1 enna kramatthil σ enna saadhaarana moolakangalude oru savishesha klaas undennu kaanichu. oru irreducible praathinidhyatthil σ-nte adayaalam − 1,0, allengil + 1 aanennum "h" + 1 praimaanengil adayaalam mooad "h" + 1 enna alavumaayi yojikkunnuvennum addeham kaanichu. ithu soochippikkunnathu "h" + 1 praimaayirikkumbozhellam oru irreducible praathinidhyatthinte alavu ellaayppozhum − 1,0, allengil + 1 mooad "h" + 1 aanennaan.
udaaharanagal.
prathyekichum, "g" 2, f4, e6, e7, e8 ennee asaadhaaranamaaya compact lye grouppukalkku "h" + 1 = 7,13,13,19,31 enna samkhya ellaayppozhum praimaan, athinaal oru irreducible praathinidhyatthinte chaang nambar ellaayppozhum + 1,0 allengil −1 aanu.
udaaharanathinu, g2-nte aadyathe kurachu irreducible praathinidyangalkku (koksettar nambar "h" = 6 ulla) alavukal 1,7,14,27,64,77,182,189,273,286..
iva 1,0,0, −1,1,0,0,0,0, −1 ennivayumaayi yojikkunnu.. mooad 7 = "echu" + 1.

