
berlin potsdammer plaits steshan

berlinile oru railway steshanaanu berlin potsdammer plaits. ithu poornnamaayum bhoogarbhamaanu, central berlinile potts damer plaatsinu keezhilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. praadeshika, ezz-baann sevanangal steshanil vilikkunnu, koodaathe yuu-baann line yuu 2 ithu sevikkunnu.
charithram.
ezz-baann.
potts damer plaatsile aadyathe steshan potts damer banhoff terminus aayirunnu, ithu 1945 septambar 27 nuu yuddha naashanashtangal kaaranam adachu.
1939ll ezz-baann athawa "stadtbaan" (sitti railway) ethi. potts damer plaits, anhaulter banhoff enniva vazhi anttar denne lyndon muthal yorkstrass vare oru vadakku-thekk link druthagathiyilulla traansit reyil paatha enna ashayam 1914 ll aadyamaayi avatharippikkappettu, pakshe 1928 vare ithu vishadamaayi aasoothranam cheythirunnilla, thudarnnu 1933 vare amgeekaaram kaathirikkendivannu. 1934 ll aarambhich athu duranthangalaal niranjirunnu. 1936leeii berlin olimbiku gamesinu krithyasamayathu ithu poortthiyaakkaanulla dridanishchayam ardhamaakkunnathu supradhana suraksha nadapadikal avaganikkapettu 1935 august 20nuu brandenberg gettinu thekk oru thurankam thakarnn 23 thozhilaallikal adakkam cheythu, avaril naalu perr maathram athijeevichu; 1936 desember 28nuu potts damer plaits steshanu sameepamundaaya theepidutthatthil supradhana upakaranangal nashichu. berlin olimbiksinu eee line thayyarayirunnilla ennu parayendathilla; vaasthavathil ithu aadyamaayi pothu upayogam kaanunnathin moonnu varsham munbaayirunnu. ellah thirichadikalkkum idayilum, 1939 epril 15 nuu anttar denne lyndon muthal potts damer plaits vare thurakkukayum october 9 nuu anhaulter banhofilekkum thudarnnu yorkstraasilekkum, november 6 nuu link poortthiyaakkaan ithu vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu. potts damer plaits ezz-baann steshanil europile ettavum valia bhoogarbha shopping arcade undaayirunnu.
steshanil naalu plaattphomukal nalkukayum avayellaam upayogikkukayum cheythu, rund maathram mathiyaakumenn aasoothranam cheythirunnuvenkilum mattu rund yadhaarthathil mattoru puthiya line upayogikkaan uddeshichullathaayirunnu, athu kizhakode shaakhakalaayi nagarathinu keezhil gorlitsar banhofilake oodukayaayirunnu. anhaulter banhoffil ninnulla oru kanakshanum undaakkendathaayirunnu. chila thurankangalude nirmmaanam nadannuvenkilum (pothujanagalkk athicheraan kazhiyaathavayaanengilum iva ippozhum nilavilundu), line orikkalum thurannilla.
yudhasamayathu, shathrukkalude nadapadi kaaranam yuu-baann, ezz-baann ennivayude pala bhaagangalum adachu, potts damer plaatsiloodeyulla bhaagangalum ithil ninnu vyathyasthamayirunnilla.
aarr varshathil thaazhe pazhakkamulla vadakku-thekk bandham 1945 epril avasaanathilum meyy aadyathilum berlininte avasana yudhathinte ettavum vivaadaparamaaya episodukalilonnaayi maari. soviyatt munnettatthe mandagathiyilaakkunnathinu nirashaajanakamaaya nadapadiyaayi aduthulla landwerkanalinu thaazheyulla vadakku-thekk thurankatthinte bhagam thakarkkanulla sheshikkunna naasi nethaakkalude theerumaanatthinte falamaayi meyy 2 nuu thurankam vellathinadiyilaayi. eee sambhavam kaaranam, 1947 vare vadakku-thekk link upayogikkaan kazhinjilla (chuvade kaanuka).
yuddham avasaanichathinu thottupinnaale, ringbahnofinu orutharam elavu labhichu, 1945 august 6 nuu wansiban trainukalude terminasaayi thaalkkaalikamaayi veendum thurannu, athesamayam nord-sudd-tonnelinu vann attakuttappanikal labhichu (dasalakshakkanakkinu gallen vellam pump cheyyendivannu). juun 2 nuu vadakku-thekk linkle chila vighadippicha train pravartthanangal punaraarambhichathinetthudar 1946 juulai 27 nuu ringbanhoff nallathin adachu. 1948 meyy vare attakuttappanikal poortthiyaayittillengilum 1947 november 16 nuu poornna sevanangal punaraarambhichu.
vadakku-thekk bandham kooduthal vichitramaaya-savisheshamallengilum-sthithigathikal kandu. eee pathayum nagaratthile mattidangalil rund yuu-baann lainukalum bhoomishaasthrathinte oru vichithratha anubhavichu, avaa padinjaaran berlinte oru bhaagath ninnu mattonnilekku pookunna vazhiyil kizhakkan jarmman pradeshathiloode hrasvamaayi kadannupoyi. ithu kuprasidhamaaya "gisterbanhoff" (pretha steshanukal) nuu kaaranamaayi, potts damer plaits ettavum kuprasidhamaanu, avaa puram lokathil ninnu seal cheyyukayum trainukal nirthaathe nerittu oodukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, avaa saadhaaranayaayi vegatha kuraykkum, kizhakkan berlinerukal trainil padinjarottu rakshappedaan sramikkunnathu thadayaan sayudha gaardukal patrolling nadathunna podiyullathum mangiya prakashamullathumaaya plaattphomukalude vichitramaaya kazhcha yaathrakkaarkk nalkunnu. yadhaartha athirthikku nerittu thazheyaayi lineukal kadannupokunna sthalangalil, kochukalude vashangalilo melkkoorayilo aalukal pattinilkkunnath thadayunnathinaayi trainukalkku kuranja clearance mathramulla thurankangalkkullil konkreett "collarukal" nirmmichu.
1992 march 3 nuu steshan veendum thurakkukayum, steshan muzhuvan north southu lineilum steshanilum pradhana naveekarana pravartthanangal ulppeduthukayum, steshan veendum pooshukayum/peyint cheyyukayum, yudhakaalathe vellapokka naashanashtangal valia thothil neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu. 1991 januvariyil valia naveekarana pravartthanangal aarambhichu.
yuu-baann.
yuu-baann, allengil "untergrundbaan" (bhoogarbha railway), berlinte pothugathaagathatthile oru pradhana viplavamaayirunnu, koodaathe niravadhi jarmman nagarangalil ippol samanamaaya samvidaanangalude mungamiyaayirunnu. bhoogarbha vibhagangal marimari vayadaktukalil nilatthinu mukalil uyarthiya vibhagangalumaayi marimari-athinaal "hochban" (aksharaarthatthil "hye railway") enna badal peru. aadya varii (ippol yuu 1 laininte bhagam) strallover toorr muthal potts damer plaits vare oodi. 1896 septambar 10 nuu aarambhich 1902 februvari 18 nuu thuranna yadhaartha potts damer plaits steshan valare moshamaayi sthithicheyyunnu. pradhana line terminasinu purathulla oru praveshana kavaadathiloodeyaanu ivide athichathenkilum, aalukalkk uchithamaaya banstrass (railway street) enna perilulla oru bhoogarbha paathayiloode nadakkendivannu. 1902ll sweedish aarkkitekt grenander nirmmicha ithinu potts damer banhoff allengil potts damer ringbanhoff ennu peridanamaayirunnu, ennaal 5 varshathinu sesham 180 meter thekkupadinjaraayi leapsiger plaatsil steshan maatti.
aaa varshavasaanam, vaarshour brook muthal naii vareyulla oru throo lainayi eee samvidaanam vikasippichu, ithu yadhaarthathil nilavile glaisdreak steshanu sameepamulla mokernbrook, bulostras steshanukalkkidayil trikonam lainukaliloode ("glaisdreak") axus cheyyaavunna oru shaakhayil potsdammer plaits sthaapichu. aadyathe potts damer plaits yuu-baann steshan anchara varshathilere upayogichu, athinte asoukaryakaramaaya sthalavum nagaratthinte mattu bhaagangalilekkulla aagrahavum spittalmaarkkilekkul laininte vipuleekaranathil oru mikacha puthiya steshan sthaapikkaan praapthamakki. 1907 septambar 29 nuu puthiya steshan aadyam thurakkukayum 1908 october 1 nuu spittalmaarkkilekkul bakkiyulla vipuleekaranam (yadhaartha steshante saittinte thelivukal ippozhum thurankathil kaanam, trainukal kadannupokunnathil ninnu). puthiya steshan kooduthalum aduthulla leapsiger plaatsinu thazheyaayathinaal, 1923 januvari 29 nuu potts damer plaits ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappetta steshane aadyam ithine vilichirunnu.
sweedish aarkkitekt alfred frederic elias grenander (1863-1931) roopakalppana cheytha nambarukalil onnaayirunnu eee steshan. saankethika kazhchappadil, athinte nirmmaanam oru velluviliyaayirunnu, kaaranam hotel furstenhoff athe samayam punarnirmikkappettu. yuu-baann line ekstanshanum puthiya steshanum hotelinte basementiloode kadannupoyi, athu pakuthiyaayi murichu. niravadhi srothassukalkku vipareethamaayi, hotelinu steshanil ninnu nerittu oru prathyeka praveshanamilla. aduthulla leapsiger strasheyile valia verthaim department storinu atharamoru praveshanam aaswadikkaan kazhinju, pilkkala varshangalil hotel anhaulter banhoffil ninnu mikachathu.
1923 vare eee steshan leapsiger plaits ennariyappettirunnu. annumuthal potts damer plaits ennaanu peru.
1961 august 13 muthal 1993 november 13 vare berlin mathil berlin verthirikkumbol steshan adachu. potts damer plaits steshanu sameepam oru athirthi kotta sthaapichu. 1990 desemberil eee athirthi kotta neekkam cheyyappettu. iruvashathumulla trainukal athirthikku munbulla avasana stopp vare oodumennum pinneedu thirichupokumennum sangalppikkappettu. 1991 octoberil mohrenstrass steshan pravarthanakshamamaayi kizhakkan bhaagathe trainukalude terminalayi mariyathinaal potts damer plaatsiloodeyulla yuu-baann laininte kaaryatthilum ithu bhaagikamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, padinjaaran bhaagath, whittenbergpats vareyulla muzhuvan bhaagavum poornnamaayum adaykkukayum kuranjathu bhaagikamaayi thakarkkukayum cheythu. vaasthavathil, eee vibhaagathile upekshikkappetta rund steshanukalaaya bulostras, nolendorfpats enniva vipanikalayi parivartthanam cheythu. randaamathethu plaattfomukalkku sameepam niratthilirangiya pathinaar pazhaya thadi kochukalilaanu purathana maarkkat sthaapichirunnathu, mattoru coach yaathrakkaare oru turkish basar sthaapichirunna bulostrassilake angotum ingottum kondupoyi.
bhaaviyile driverilla line yuu3, yuu10 ennivayumaayulla oru kaimaattamaayi eee steshan uddeshichirunnuvenkilum 2004 desemberil yuu3 athinte nilavile roottinte bhooribhaagavum nediyappol padhathikal raddaki. 2006 ll ithu evantukalkkum eksibishanukalkkumulla sthalamaayi bhaagikamaayi parivartthanam cheythu.
emm-baann.
mathilinte nilanilppinte avasana varshangalil, upekshikkappetta yuu-baann vibhaagathinte bhagamaaya glaisdrakinum potts damer plaatsinum edayilulla bhagam emm-baann (magnetic levitteshan railway) upayogichirunnu. munbatheppole bhoogarbhathil mungunnathinupakaram, landwerkanal kadannal, athu urukk nirakalil pinthunaykkunna oru neenda uyarnna ghadanayil nilatthinu mukalil thudarnnu, athu potts damer banhoffinte muun sittinu kuruke valanju philharmonic (berlin philharmonic oorkkastrayude aasthaanamaaya philharmonic haal) valare aduthulla kemper plaatsil avasaanikkunnu.
1970 kalude avasaanathil thanne vestt berlin sarkkar nagaratthil atharamoru samvidaanam avatharippikkunnathinekku charcha cheythirunnu, prathyekichu tegel vimaanathaavalathe kendravumaayi bandhippikkunna oru vibhaagam. oduvil 1980 desember 2nuu potts damer plaatsil oru testt track nirmmikkaan anumathi nalki, 1983 juun 16nuu oru tharakkallidal chadangu nadannu. 1983 desemberil nirmmaanam aathmaarthamaayi aarambhichu, 1984 juunil aadyathe testt runs nadannu. ithinu potts damer plaatsinte padinjaaran bhaagath thamasikkunna aalukalkk nerittu link aavasyamaanu, kaaranam glaise drakeylake reyil kanakshan illaayirunnu. thudarnnu anchu varshathe theevramaaya parisodhana nadannu, oru sambhavavumillathe. 1987 epril 18 nuu glaisdrakil nadanna theepiduttha aakramanathil rund kaarukal nasippikkappettu, 1988 desember 19 nuu kemperplats terminasinte avasana mathililoode moshamaayi krameekaricha brekkukalulla oru train oodiyappool athilum manoharamaaya oru apakadam sambhavichu, ithu praadeshika maadhyamangalude vinodathinu kaaranamaayi. ennirunnaalum, chila spare kaarukal sarveesil praveshippichathode, line, dairkhyathil, 1989 august 28 nuu pothujanangalkkayi thurannu, ennirunnaalum athu yadhaarthathil evideyum ninnu mattevideyum oodiyilla. ennirunnaalum, ithu oru rasakaramaaya kauthukamaayi kanakkakkappedukayum athu hraswakaalathekkaanengilum athinte adisthaanathil valareyadhikam upayogikkukayum cheythu. potts damer plaatsinte padinjaaran bhaagathulla steshane kemperplats ennu vilichirunnu.
moonnu maasathinullil mathil thakarnnu, ithu yuu-baann, ezz-baann enniva punasthaapikkaanulla avasaram nalki, angane emm-baann anaavashyamaayi. 1991 juulai 18 nuu ithu adachu; juulai 31 nuu vaidyutha samvidaanathil ninnu neekkam cheyyaan thudangi, thudarnnu 1991 septambarinum 1992 januvarikkum idayil track elevated steel deck polichuneekki yuu 2 punasthaapikkaan vazhiyorukki. athu orikkalum nilavilundaayirunnuvennu kaanikkan innu onnum avasheshikkunnilla. athupole nagaratthile mattidangalil emm-baann planukalumaayi munnott pokaruthennu theerumaanichu. tegel vimaanathaavalathilekkulla paathayumayi munnott pookaanulla saadhyatha idaykkide veendum uyarnnuvannuvenkilum 2020 ll vimaanathaavalam thanne adachathinaal eee padhathikal charithrathilekku athikkappettu.
praadeshika trainukal.
berlin haptbanhoff padhathiyude bhaagamaayi nirmmicha vadakku-thekk paathayile oru praadeshika railway steshan 2006 ll thurannu. eee steshan haptbanhoff sudcruz thammilulla deerghadoora, praadeshika gathaagathatthinte naalu track vadakku-thekk kanakshanilaanu.
260 meter neelavum 50 meter veethiyum (track thalatthil) theruvu thalatthil ninnu 20 meter thaazheyumaan steshan, naalu tracukalil rund dweep plaattfomukalundu. regional express trainukal regional steshan potts damer plaatsil 3, regional 4, regional 5 lainukalil nirtthunnu.
udghaadanathinu munbulla gathagatha pravachanangal prathidinam 80,000 yaathrakkaare kanakkakki, athil 50,000 perr purathukadakkukayo praveshikkukayo cheiyunnu, 30,000 tholam aalukal bhoogarbha, ezz-baanukalilekku maarunnu.
1995ll nirmmaana pravartthanangal aarambhikkendathaayirunnu. 1997leeii vasanthakaalath shellinte poorttheekaranam aasoothranam cheyyukayum 1997num 1999num idayil interior varkkukal nadathukayum cheythirunnu. steshan 2002ll thurakkaan padhathiyittirunnu. 2002 pakuthiyode berlin houptbanhoff aarambhikkunnathin araa varsham munbu 2005 avasaanathode steshan thurakkaan padhathiyittirunnu. oduvil 2006 meyy 28nuu steshan thurannu.
train sarveesukal.
thaazhepparayunna sevanangalaan steshanil nalkunnathu
nissarakaaryangal.
jarmman niyamaprakaaram oru steshanaayi tharamthirikkenda pooyintukal illaathathinaal deerghadoora steshan, karsanamaayi paranjaal, oru steshan allah, marichu oru stopp maathramaan.