
roobert dii. chaakk

randaam sarkyuttinaayulla yunaittad stetts appeel kodathiyile muthirnna yunaittad stetts surcuted jadjiyaanu roobert david sack (jananam october 4,1939).
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
pensylvaniayile philadelphiyayil janicha sack newyorkkile brooklinil valarnnu. addehathinte pithaav yujeen chaakk aayirunnu, addeham 35 varsham rabbiyayi sevanamanushtichu. 1989ll addeham thante randaam bharyayaaya abhibhashakayaaya aanne keey. yeei vivaham kazhichu. hilkar; addeham thante aadya bharyayil ninnu vivaahamochanam nediyirunnu. 1960ll rochasttar sarvakalashaalayil ninnu baachilar oof arts birudam nediya sack 1963ll columbia loow schoolil ninnu baachilar oof loss nedi.
currier.
nyoojezhsi jillaykkayi yunaittad stetts jilla kodathiyile jadji arther steefan leyninte clerkaayi addeham aadyam jolie cheythu. 1964ll addeham paattezhsan, belnap & webble chernnu, oduvil sthaapanathinte pankaliyaayi. 1974ll addeham president richard niksaninethiraaya house judiciary kammittiyude impeachment anweshanathinaayi associate special kaunsilaraayum seeniyar associate special kaunsilaraayum sevanamanushtichu. sarkkar sevanathethudarnnu chaakk paattezhsan belnapilekku madangi. 1986ll gibson, dunn & kracharinte niyama sthaapanathil pankaliyaayi chernnu. swakaarya praakteesile thante kariyariludaneelam, pras niyamathil vaidagdhyam nediya addeham niravadhi american aikyanaadukaleyum videsha adhishtitha maadyama kambanikaleyum prathinidheekarichu.
federal judicial sarvees.
1997 november 6 nuu jadji rogger jeey. ozhinjupoya randaamathe sarcutinaayi yunaittad stetts appeel kodathiyile oru seettilekku president bill klintan saakkine naamanirddesham cheythu. khanithozhilaali. 1998 juun 15nuu yunaittad stetts senatt addehathe sthireekarikkukayum 1998 juun 16nuu kammeeshan labikkukayum cheythu. 2009 august 6nuu addeham seeniyar padavi etteduthu.
mattu sevanangal.
vilyam eph. yude oru udyogasthanum directorumaayirunnu jadji chaakk. kerby roobert ezz. videshathulla maadhyamapravarthakarude niyamaparamaaya prathirodhatthinu dhanasahayam nalkunna potter fund, beuro oof naashanal afayezhsinte media loow reporter, abaa phooram kammittiyude communications abhibhaashakan ennivarude upadeshaka bordukalile amgam. columbia loow skoolile sandarshaka board amgamaaya addeham maadyamangaleyum samoohatheyum kurichulla columbia sarvakalashaala seminaarukalude board oof trasttikalil amgamaayirunnu. 2001 muthal addeham columbia loow schoolil niyamatthinte anubandha professoraanu. 2007ll columbia loow skoolinte prarambha prabhashakanaayirunnu addeham. 2012ll rochasttar sarvakalashaalayil polittikkal sayans professor special gust lakchararumaayirunnu addeham. 2013ll chikkago yooniversitti loow schoolil vishishta sandarshaka niyamanjanaayirunnu. american baar association, newyork sitti baar association (cheyar, communications loow kammitti, 1986-89), american judicial sosaitti ennivayile amgamaanu addeham. american baar foundeshante feloyaanu addeham. sack oru upadeshtaavaanu, american loow instittyoottinte torts, maananashtavum svakaaryathayum, 2019-nte moonnaam bhagam-; yuke, canada sarkkaarukalude abhyarthana maanich vilicha "aagola maadyama swaathanthrya samrambhathinte unnathala niyama vidagtharude paanalinte" upadeshtaavu; koodaathe "jenal oof free speach loow", 2021-nte edittoriyal board amgavumaanu.
prasidheekaranangal.
• "apakeerthippeduthalinu puratthaakkal apakeerthippeduthal, apavaadam, anubandha prasnangal" (anchaam pathipp. 2017) (varsham thorum update cheiyunnu) <br>
• newyork times qoo. vii. sullivan-"50 varshathe vaakkukal", 66 alaa. ell. revu. 273 (2014) <br>
• "onnaam bhedagathiyiloode abhipraaya samrakshanam alfred hillinekkurichulla prathiphalanangal, 'apakeerthikaravum svakaaryathayum
aadya bhedagathi, '100' koolam. ell. revu."" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
• "parasyavum vaanijyaparavumaya prasangam oru aadya bhedagathi guide" (1999) (saha-rachayithaav) <br>
• "njaan chinthikkunnathu kelkkumbol niyama gadyathekkurichulla chila chinthakal," "4" "dhii scribbs jenal oof leagal raitting" "93 (1993) <br>
• "thettaaya chodyathekkurichulla prathiphalanangal sthaapana maadhyamangalkk prathyeka bharanaghadanaaparamaaya padavi", 7 divasam munbu. revu. 629 (1979)
sradheyamaaya abhipraayangal.
"doow vii. trump korppareshan, "6 f.4th 400 (2d sii. aii. aarr.). 2021): prathikal korppareshan, donald jeey. trumpinu, addehathinte kudumbaangalkk, oru multy-level maarkkatting kambaniyumaayi bandhapetta anyayamaaya bisinesses reethikalkkum vanjanaaparamaaya prasthaavanakalkkumayi oru kesil jilla kodathi oru vyavahara karar nadappakkaan arhathayillaayirunnu. 
"yunaittad stetts vii. seezar, "10 f.4th 66 (2d sii. aarr. 2021): islaamik rajyamaaya iraakhinum syriaykkum bhauthika pinthuna nalkiyathinu kuttasammatham nadatthiya oru prathikk 46 maasathe thadavu shiksha njettikkunna reethiyil kuravaanennum athinaal shikshaykkaayi kaathirikkumbol thanne prathi ithinakam thanne aavarthanaparamaaya perumaattam prakadippikkukayum 360 muthal 600 maasam vare thadavu shiksha anubhavikkukayum cheythappol athu adisthaanaparamaayi yukthirahithamaanennum panalinu vendi ezhuthiya chaakk abhiprayappettu. 
"badilla vii. midu vestt eyar traaphik kantrol sarvees, ink.", 8 f.4th 105 (2d sii. aii. aarr.). 2021): kaabool afgaanisthaan anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalathin sameepam oru sivilian vimanam parvathatthil idichukayaraan ashradhamaayi kaaranamaayathin oru eyar traaphik kantrolarinethire samsthaana niyamaprakaaram thettaaya marana avakaashavaadangal federal tort claim act ozhikeyulla poratta pravarthanangalaal munkootty ozhivaakkiyittillennum, paricharanatthinte duty lamghanavum sameepakaala kaaranavum sambandhichu vasthuthaparamaaya tharkkangal nilanilkkunnuvennum panalinu vendi ezhuthiya chaakk aandu loheer abhiprayappettu. 
"chamberline estettu oof chamberline vii. velutha samathalangalude nagaram, "960 eph. 3dii 100 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2020): panalinu vendi ezhuthi, chakkum haalum, niyamavirudhamaaya praveshanam, amithamaya balam prayogikkal, yuu. esine maarakamaayi vedivacha udyogastha-prathikalkkethiraya melnotta badhyatha ennivaykkulla avakaashavaadangal punasthaapichu.ezz. udyogasthar nirbandhichu addehathinte appaartmentil praveshichathine thudarnnu maanasikarogamulla naavikan. 
"yunaittad stetts vii. naapoutt, "963 eph. 3dii 163 (2dii cr. 2020): pirichuvidal, panalinu vendi ezhuthi, onniladhikam thattippukalude goodaalochanaykku rund anthaaraashtra federation oof association football (fifa) udyogastharude shikshavidhi sthireekarichu, federal vayar vanchana niyamatthinte anuvadaneeyamaaya aabhyanthara aaplikkeshanukalil shikshavidhi adhishtithamaanennum sathyasandhamaya sevana thattipp niyamam avarkk baadhakamaakunnathupole bharanaghadanaaparamaayi avyakthamaanenna prathikalude vaadangal nirasikkunnuvennum nigamanam cheythu. 
"reey bernard ell. madoff investment securities ellc, "976 eph. 3dii 184 (2dii cr. 2020): saake, panalinu vendi ezhuthi, madoff ponsi schemil ninnulla saangalppika labham kaimaattam cheiyunnathu paapparattha niyamathile vanjanaaparamaaya kaimatta vyavasthayude aavasyangalkkaayi "moolyathinalla" ennu abhiprayappettu, athinaal bernard ell. madoff investment securities elsic aaa fandukal veendedukkaan arhathayundaayirunnu. 
"kambeniya embotelladora dell pasafico, ezz.eiii. vii. pepsy koola kambani, "976 eph. 3dii 239 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2020): pepsy kolayum peruvile athinte oru boatler thammilulla "exclusive boatler appoyintment" karaaril shaashwathathayude vyakthamaaya prasthavanayillennum athinaal ishtaanusaranam avasaanippikkamennum panalinu vendi ezhuthiya chaakk abhiprayappettu. 
"sleepiyude ellc vii. comfort volsel corp thiranjedukkuka.", 909 eph. 3dii 519 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2018): chillara vyaapaariyude ejantumaarkku metha nirmmaathaav nalkia apakeerthikaramaaya prasthavanakal apavaadaprasthaavanayude prasidheekarana gadakathe thripthippeduthumennum chillara vyaapaari sammathicho ennu pariganikkaan jilla kodathikku aaa remant aavasyamaanennum panalinu vendi ezhuthi. 
"peettezhsan vii. islaamik republic oof iraan, "876 eph. 3dii 63 (2dii cr. 2017): panalinu vendi ezhuthiyathum, iraaninum iraante rahasyaanveshana, suraksha manthraalayathinum ethiraaya vidhi kadakkaar nadatthiya avakaashavaadangal thallikkalanja jilla kodathi utharavu bhaagikamaayi ozhinjukidakkunnathumaaya pirichuvidal; chila vidhi kadakkaar iraante central baankine baadhyathayil ninnu mochippikkunna oru settilment kararinu baadhyastharallennum iraante central baankinu vendi oru luxemburg baank kaivasham vachirikkunna boond varumanam videsha paramadhikaara prathirodha niyamaprakaaram nadappaakkunnathil ninnu mukthamallennum purathaakki. 
"perez vii. sitti oof newyork, "832 eph. 3dii 120 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2016): nyayamaaya thozhil maanadanda niyamaprakaaram nashtapariharam nalkendathullathinaal, nagara paarkk rencharmaarude vasthradhaaranavum doffing pravartthanangalum "avibhaajyavum anivaaryavumaano" ennathinekkurichulla sangraha vidhiye vasthuthakal ozhivaakkunnuvenn panalinu vendi ezhuthiya chaakk abhiprayappettu. 
"inn rerererbank, pii. ell. sii. eliyan tort staattyoott littigeshan", 808 eph. 3dii 144 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2015): israel, vestt baank, ghaza strip ennividangalil akramanangal nadatthiya samghadanakalkku dhanasahayam nalkukayum sugamamakkukayum cheythuvennu aaropikkappedunna baankinethire theevravaada erakalude avakaashavaadangalil anyagraha peedana niyamam yadhaartha adhikaraparidhi nalkunnillennu panalinu vendi ezhuthi. 
"turley vii. isg laxawana, ink.", 774 eph. 3dii 140 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2014): oru aafrikkan-american urukku thozhilaalli vamseeya apamanangal, bheeshanippeduthal, apakeerthippeduthal enniva niranja mosham thozhil anthareekshathinu vidheyanaaya oru vaikaarika durita vidhi manahpoorvvam adichelppikkunnathine thelivukal pinthunaykkunnuvennu panalinu vendi ezhuthappetta chaakk, jooriyude nashtaparihara nashtaparihaaramaayi 13.2 laksham dollar nalkiyathu uchithamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum 24 dasalaksham dollar shiksha nashtapariharam, pinneedu 5 dasalaksham dollarayi ayachu, amithamaayirunnu. 
"bailey vii. padakki, "708 eph. 3dii 391 (2dii sii. aarr. 2013): oru manoroga kendrathodulla swamedhayaa ulla sivil prathibaddhathaykku munbulla uchithamaaya prakriya ethir vaadam kelkalum vyakthamaayi sthaapikkappettuvennum athinaal newyorkkile muun govarnor vividha samsthaana udyogastharum ulppedunna prathikalkk yogyathayulla prathirodhasheshikk arhatayillennum panalinu vendi ezhuthiya saake, abhiprayappettu. 
"athbhuthakaramaaya kathaapaathrangal, ink. vii. kirbi, "726 eph. 3dii 119 (2dii cr. 2013): sack, panalinu vendi ezhuthumbol, marvel komiksinaayi droingukal nirmmicha swaadheenamulla comic book aartist jacq kirbiyude kuttikalkk 1958 num 1963 num idayil kirbiyude kruthikalkku avakaashamillenn abhiprayappettu, kaaranam aaa droingukal 1976 leeii pakarppavakasha niyamatthinte ardhathil "vaadakaykku edutha kruthikal" aayirunnu. 
"yunaittad stetts vii. stuvartt, "686 eph. 3dii 156 (2dii sii. aarr. 2012) ("stuvartt II"): linny stuvarttinte aadya bhedagathiye apalapikkunna vidhathil, avarude pothu prasthavanakal avarude yadhaartha shikshayude naalirattiyayi vardhippikkunnathinulla adisthaanamaayi jilla kodathi pariganichappol avarude aadya bhedagathi avakashangal churukkiyillenn panalinu vendi ezhuthiya chaakk, pothu prasthaavanakalude atharam upayogam samsaarathe ozhivaakkaanaakaathavidham thanuppichilla. 
"barclays kyaapittal, ink. vii. flyonthevaal.coom, "650 eph. 3dii 876 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2011): nikshepa baankukalude shupaarshakal swantham upabhokthaakkalkk vitta stokku tippukalude oru cheria internettu adhishtitha aggregettarkkethire, ikvitti gaveshana reportukal prasidheekarikkukayum pracharippikkukayum cheiyunna vividha nikshepa baankukalude oru puthiya kesumaayi bandhapetta thalkshana kesinte vasthuthakalkk baadhakamaaya pakarppavakasha niyamamaan choodulla warta durupayogathinte peedanam munkootty ozhivaakkiyathenn panalinu vendi ezhuthiyaanu chaakk nigamanam cheythath.
"yunaittad stetts vii. stuvartt, "590 eph. 3dii 93 (2dii sii. aarr. 2009) ("stuvartt i"): paarlamentil bhooribhaagathinum vendi ezhuthiya chaakk, goodaalochana, theevravaadikalkku bhauthika pinthuna nalkal, yuu. esine vanchikkal ennivayulppede vividha kesukalil "andhanaya shake omar abdul-rahmaante muun abhibhashakanaaya lyne stuvarttinte shiksha sthireekarichu.ezz. sarkkar utharavitta "prathyeka bharanaparamaya nadapadikal" lamghichu eejipthile thante kakshiyum anuyaayikalum thammil arinjukondu vivarangal kaimaarunnathile avalude perumaattatthil ninnu sarkkar uthbhavichu. vichaaranayil steevarttinte thettaaya sakshyavum kesinte vasthuthaparamaaya sambhavavikasangalum kanakkileduthu paanal avarude shiksha ozhivaakkukayum veendum shikshikkaanaayi remant cheyyukayum cheythu.
"aarar vii. aashkroft, "585 eph. 3dii 559 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2009): bhooripaksham abhipraayathil ninnu bhaagikamaayi viyojippumaayi chaakk, joonn ephile federal udyogasthar thadavilaakkiya oru eratta canadian-syrian pouranu oru "bivens" prathividhi labhyamayirikkanam ennu ezhuthi. kenneddy vimaanathaavalam, oru abhibhashakanumaayi edapazhakaan aavarthichu visammathikkukayum thudarnnu syrian adhikaarikalude peedanatthinu vidheyanaayi patthu maasathekku chodyam cheiyunnathinaayi syriayilekku maattukayum cheythu. 
"bestt vaan lineukal, ink. vii. wacker, "490 eph. 3dii 239 (2dii sii. aarr. 2007): newyork niyamaprakaaram newyork pouranmaarekkurichu newyorkkinu purathu apakeerthikaramaaya prasthavanakal nadathunnathu, prasthavanakal newyork vaayanakkaarkk axus cheyyaavunna oru maadyamangalil prasidheekarichaalum, adhikaaraparidhikk oru adisthaanam nalkunnillennu panalinu vendi ezhuthiyaanu chaakk abhipraayappettath. 
"blanch vii. koons, "467 eph. 3dii 244 (2dii cr. 2006): aartist jeff koons nyayamaaya upayoga sidhaanthathaal samrakshikkappedunnu enna jilla kodathiyude theerumaanam, oru photographerude pakarppavakashamulla oru sthreeyude kaalukaludeyum thaazhathe kaalukaludeyum foto oru valia kolash paintingil ulppeduthiyappol, eee srishtiyil ninnu koons vaanijyaparamaayi prayojanam nediyirunnuvenkilum, panalinu vendi ezhuthiya chaakk, pakarppavakasha lamghanathinu baadhyasthanallenn sthireekarichu.
"leibert vii. haaringtan, "332 eph. 3dii 134 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2003): aarogya-vidyaabhyaasa klaasukalil vidyaarthikal pankedukkanamenna oru pothu skoolinte aavasyakatha school paatyapadhathiyumaayi viyojikkunna maathaapithaakkalude mathaparamaya avakaashangalude adisthaanaparamaaya prakriyayude thathwangal lamghikkunnillennu panalinu vendi ezhuthi.
"doow vii. henry sii. kku vendi pothu suraksha vakupp. liie, "271 eph. 3dii 38 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2001): laingika kuttavaalikalekkurichulla vivarangal apakadakaramaano ennathinekkurichu aadyam vyakthiparamaaya oru vaadam nalkaathe rajistriyil parasyamaayi pracharippikkan adhikaarappeduthikkondu, oru "kalankam plus" sidhaanthathinu keezhil, pathinalam bhedagathiyude uchithamaaya prakriya closs oru connecticut laingika kuttavaalikalude rajistreshan niyamam lamghichuvennu panalinu vendi ezhuthiya chaakk.
"destephano vii. emarjansi housing group, ink.", 247 eph. 3dii 397 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2001): panalinu vendi ezhuthi, oru samsthaanam aadya bhedagathiyude sthaapana closs lamghikkunnillennu theerumaanichu, oru swakaarya soukaryathinu pothu dhanasahayam nalkikkond, madyapaanikalkku anjjaatha (aaa) sessionukal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, avaa mathaparamaya swabhaavamullathaanu, staafinu klayantukal aaa sessionukalil pankedukkendathilla.
"mcmenemy vii. rochasttar, enn.vaii.", 241 eph. 3dii 279 (2dii sii. aii. aarr.). 2001): 1964leeii pouraavakaasha niyamathile ezhaam thalakkett jeevanakkaarante swantham thozhiludama mathramalla, eathenkilum thozhiludama ulppedunna eathenkilum niyamavirudhamaaya thozhil sanbradaayathe ethirkkunna oru jeevanakkaranethire niyamavirudhamaaya prathikaaramaan nalkunnathennu panalinu vendi ezhuthikkondu pirichuvidal theerumaanichu.
"charakk fuechezhs trading kammeeshan vii. wartuli, "228 eph. 3dii 94 (2dii cr. 2000): currency fuechezhs eppol vaanganamennum vilkkanamennum upayokthaavin nirddesham nalkunna oru automatic trading software prograaminte vilppanakkaaran commodity exchange act (sii. iii. eiii) prakaram oru "commodity trading advisor" aanennum aaa vilppanakkaaran baadhakamaaya niyamam aadya bhedagathiye lamghikkunnillennum panalinu vendi ezhuthi.
avaardukalum bahumathikalum.
2008 meyy maasathil federal baar kaunsil federal niyamashaasthrathile mikavinulla lerd hand medel jadjis saakkin nalki.
clarkkukal.
addehathinte muun klarkkukalil palarum niyama academyil praveshichathinaal jadjiye purathaakkiyathu oru "academic feeder jadjiyaayi" thiricharinjittundu. addehathinte muun klaarkkukalil iva ulppedunnu

