
skelping

thalayil ninnu mudi gadippichu manushya thalayottiyude oru bhagam murikkukayo keerukayo cheiyunna pravarthanamaanu scalping, ithu saadhaaranayaayi thalayotti oru trophiyayirikke yudhathil sambhavikkunnu. trophikalaayi manushyashareerabhaagangal edukkukayum pradarshippikkukayum cheiyunna vishalamaaya saamskaarika sanbradaayathinte bhaagamaayi scalp edukkunnathu kanakkaakkappedunnu, koodaathe manushya thala edukkunnathinu pakaramaayi vikasippichirikkam, kaaranam skaalpukal edukkaanum kondupokaanum thudarnnulla pradarshanathinaayi samrakshikkanum eluppamaayirunnu. pazhayathum puthiyathumaaya lokangalile vividha samskaarangalil scalling swathanthramaayi vikasichu.
europe.
sweedante oru vettakkaaran-shekharikkunna semitheriyil kandethiya madhyashilaayuga kaalaghattatthile scalpinginte aadyakaala udaaharanangalilonnu. denmarkile shilayuga erteball samskaarathil ninnulla niravadhi manushya avashishtangal scallinginte thelivukal kaanikkunnu. sweedante alvasthra koombaaratthil oru shavakudeerathil kandethiya oru manushyane ekadesham 5,000 varshangalkk munbu scalp cheythirunnu.
karinkadalinte vadakkum padinjaarum sthithicheyyunna naadodikalaaya sithyanmaarekkurichulla thante vivaranathil "pazhaya lokathile oru scalping aalukalekkurich vyakthavum thripthikaravumaaya chithreekaranam herodotus nalkiyennu" jorg frederisi abhiprayappettu. yudhathil parajayappetta shathrukkalude shirass vettikkollukayum kollayude vihitam avakashappedaan avarude thala rajaavinu samarppikkukayum cheiyumennu herodotus vivarichu. thudarnnu, chevikalkku chuttum vrithaakruthiyil murichu thalayotti kulukkikkond yodhaavu thalayude tholi tholichu; thudarnnu kaalayude vaariyell upayogichu charmmatthil ninnu maamsam keerukayum athu vrithiyaakumbol athu mriduvaakukayum orutharam thoovalayaayi upayogikkaan anuyojyamaakukayum cheiyunnathuvare viralukal upayogichu athu pravarthippikkukayum cheiyunnu. avan eee thoovaalakal thante kuthirayude niyanthranatthil thookkiyidunnu, avayil avan valare abhimaanikkunnu. ettavum valia samkhyayulla manushyanaan ettavum nalla manushyan."
herodotus upayogikkunnathinu samanamaaya padangalil alani skaalppukal edukkunnathu ammianus marcelinus shradhichu. abbe immaanuval echu. dii. purathana jarmmankaarude "decalware", visigothukalude kodinte "capillos ettu cutum detraer" ennivaye aadyakaala madhyakala europil scalpinginte udaaharanangalaayi domenech paraamarshichirunnu, ennirunnaalum eee padangalude chila sameepakaala vyaakhyaanangal skelpinginu pakaram niyamaparamaaya shikshayaayi thalayude mudi shave cheiyunnathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
1036ll englandil, harrold godvinsante pithavaaya erl godwin thante shathrukkale thurathiyathaayi reportund, avaril alfred ethelingum undaayirunnu. purathana abingdon kayyezhuthuprathi anusarichu, 'avaril chilar andharum chilar amgavaikalyamullavarum chilar parukkanmaarumaan. danes vannu ivide samadhaanam sthaapichathinaal eee rajyath inii bhayanakamaaya oru pravrithiyum nadannilla.
1845-ll, koolippadayaaliyaaya joonn dankaan yudhathil edutha 700 skaalpukal nireekshichu, innathe benin republicil (dahome rajaavu) jolie cheiyunna vanita sainikarude oru samghamaaya dahome aamasons trophikalaayi pradharshippichu. iva deerghakaalathekku edukkukayum sookshikkukayum cheyyumennum orotta yudhathil ninnu varillennum dankaan abhiprayappettu. dunken dahomiyil vyaapakamaayi sanjarikkukayum thala edukkunnathum thalayotti nilanirthunnathum polulla achaarangale trophikalaayi visheshippikkukayum cheythuvenkilum mattevideyum addeham skaalinginekkurichu paraamarsikkunnilla.
sakhyasenaamgangal sainikare maarakamaayi akramikkunna sambhavangal randaam lokamahaayudham muthal ariyappedunnu. eee sambhavangalil palathum pasaphik theaterilaanu nadannathenkilum, trophy vettayude kooduthal theevramaaya roopangalkkoppam (japanese yudhathil marichavarude american vikruthamaakkal kaanuka), europian thiyettarilum idaykkide sambhavangal report cheyyappedunnu. prathyekichum vyaapakamaayi report cheyyappetta oru cases, tharkkathilaanenkilum, ooppareshan maarkkat gaardante prarambha ghattangalil britiish paratroopermaar pathiyirunnu akramikkukayum kollukayum cheytha arnem pattanatthinte kamaandantaaya jarmman general friedrich kusin ulppedunnu.
eshya.
chainayude madhya samathalathil longshan, erlittoo kaalaghattangalil scalping abhyasichirunnuvennathi bhauthika thelivukalundu.
thekkan cyberiayile oru irumbukaala semitheriyil ninnulla thalayotti scallinginte thelivukal kaanikkunnu. avide thamasikkunna sandhivaadikal thalayotti edukkunna sanbradaayathinu ithu bhauthika thelivukal nalkunnu.
indian upabhookhandathilum chila thelivukal kandethiyittundu. bhaay thaaru singh (
1745 juulai 1) sikh moolyangal samrakshikkunnathinte peril, mudi murikkunnathinum islaamilekku parivartthanam cheiyunnathinupakaram thala kunichu thante jeevan baliyarppichathil prashasthanaaya oru pramukha sikh rakthasaakshiyaayirunnu.
america.
saankethikavidyakal.
verthiricha thalayottiyude aavasyamulla aakruthi, valippam, uddeshicha upayogam ennivayekkurichum irakal mudi engane dharichu ennathinekkurichum scholarinte saamskaarika paattenukale aashrayich nirddishta scalping teknikkukal oro sthalathum vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, ennaal scalpinginte pothuvaaya prakriya thikachum ekeekrithamaayirunnu. scalper oru adichamarthappetta ethiraaliyude mudi urachu pidichu, edukkenda pradeshatthinte iruvashathum moorchayulla upakaranam upayogichu niravadhi drutha ardhavrithaakrithiyilulla murivukal nadatthi, thudarnnu eathaandu kadinamaaya thalayottiyil shakthamayi konnu. manushya thalayottiyude anchu paalikalil naalaamathethum (ettavum kuranjathum) ayolar connective tissuevinte thalayottiyiloode thalayottiyil ninnu verthiricha thalayotti. gurutharamaayi parikkettavaro marichavaro aanu saadhaaranayaayi scalling nadathiyathenkilum athu svayam maarakamayirunnilla. scallingle upayogichirunna aadyakaala upakaranangal flint, chert allengil obsidian enniva upayogichu nirmmicha kallu kathiyo allengil eee dauthyathinu thulyamaaya oru edju vahikkaan pravartthikkaan kazhiyunna reedukal allengil sippy shellukal polulla mattu vasthukkalo aayirunnu. mothatthil, atharam upakaranangal charmmavum prosessing gaim polulla vividha dainamdina jolikalkkum upayogichirunnuvenkilum europian sanbarkkathiloode vyaapaarathil nediya loha kathikal avaykku pakaram vannu. janapriya american, europian saahithyathil palappozhum "scalping katthi" ennu vilikkappedunna eee upakaranam thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarkk ariyapettirunnilla, oru katthi avarkk lalithavum phalapradavumaaya oru multy purposes yoottility upakaranam mathramaayirunnu, athinu scalping pala upayogangalil onnaayirunnu.
gothrangal thammilulla samgharsham.
columbian kaalaghattatthinu munbulla vadakke amerikkayil scallinginu ganyamaaya puraavastu thelivukal undu. thalayottikalude kaarban dating eiii. dii 600-ll thanne scallinginte thelivukal kaanikkunnu; chila thalayottikal scalling parikkukalil ninnu sukham praapikkunnathinulla thelivukal kaanikkunnu, ithu soochippikkunnathu chila erakalenkilum idaykkide kuranjathu niravadhi maasangalenkilum athijeevichu ennaanu. samathala indiakkaarkkidayil, ithu praadhamikamaayi gothrangalkkidayilulla yudhathinte bhaagamaayi parisheelichirunnathaayi thonnunnu, yudhathil kollapetta shathrukkalil ninnu maathrame scalp edukkaan kazhiyoo. ennirunnaalum, ezhuthukaaranum charitrakaaranumaaya maarkk vaan dii loogt ezhuthi, "sainika charitrakaaranmaar aadhunika vyaavasaayika rajyangal thammilulla samgharshangalkkaayi 'saadhaaranakkaare lakshyamidunna samboornna yuddham' enna ashayam neekkivaykkunnundeng, eee padam" paavnikal, seox, chainness enniva thammilulla avasthaye aduthariyunnu. poraalikalallaatthavar niyamaanusrithamaaya lakshyangalaayirunnu. theerchayaayum, oru sthreeyudeyo kuttiyudeyo thalayotti edukkunnathu maanyamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, kaaranam athu thalayotti edukkunnayaal shathruvinte pradeshatthinte hridayabhaagathekku praveshikkaan dhairyappettuvenn soochippikkunnu."
thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarude niravadhi gothrangal pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare chila sandarbhangalil scalping parisheelichirunnu. kaakkakkaadukal koottakkola cheyyappetta sthalathulla ekadesham 500 mrithadehangalil 90 sathamaanavum thalayottikalil pongikkidakkunnathinte thelivukal kaanikkunnu. eiii. dii. 1325-ll ekadesham aayirunnu sambhavam. amerikkayude europian kolanivalkkaranam gothravargangal thammilulla samgharshangalude sambhavangal vardhippikkukayum thalphalamaayi scalpinginte vyaapanam vardhikkukayum cheythu.
colonial yudhangal.
1630-kalile pecot yudhathil kollan poya indiakkaarude thalaykkum pinneedu avarude thalaykku mathramulla sammanangal connecticut, masaachyusets kolanikal vaagdaanam cheythu; 1637-ll pekkottine konnathinu connecticut prathyekamaayi mohegenmark prathiphalam nalki. naalu varshathinu sesham, nyoo aamstardaamile duchukal raarittanmaarude thalaykku sammanangal vaagdaanam cheythu. 1643ll irokwois montriyalinaduthulla oru koottam huron peltermare franch marappanikkareyum akramikkukayum moonnu franchukaare kollukayum scalp cheyyukayum cheythu.
indian thadavukaarkkulla anugrahangalo avarude kaikkoolikalo suscuhanoc yudhasamayathu (1675-77) american kolanikal niyamanirmmikkunnathil prathyakshappettu. 1675ll philipp raajaavinte yudhasamayathu nyoo englandu vellakkarkkum narragansett janathaykkum anugrahangal vaagdaanam cheythu. 1692 aayappozhekkum puthiya france avarude shathrukkalude aakramanangalkk avarude thaddesheeya sakhyakakshikalkk panam nalki. 1697-ll, masaachyusets kolaniyude vadakkan athirthiyil, sthirathaamasamaakkiya hannah dasttan rathrikaala rakshappedumbol thante abenaki thadavukaaril patthu pere kollukayum avarude patthu skaalpukal masaachyusets general assemblic samarppikkukayum rund purushanmarkkum rund sthreekalkkum aarr kuttikalkkum sammanangal nalkukayum cheythu, aarr maasam munbu masaachyusets thalayotti anugrahangal nalkunna niyamam raddaakkiyenkilum. 1688-ll vilyam raajaavinte yudhathil thudangi 75 varshakkalam nyoo englandumaayum irokwois konfedarasiyumaayum aarr colonial yudhangal nadannu. eee athirthi yudhathil ellah pakshavum poraalikalallaatthavar ulppede irakale thurathi. thaddesheeya american skaalppukalkk maathram uddeshichulla audaarya nayangal shatru colonicarc vyaapippichirunnu.
1689 joolaiyil vilyam raajaavinte yudhathil masaachyusets oru thalayotti sammanam srishtichu, 1703ll kween aante yudhathil athu thudarnnu. 1722 august 8nuu father railinte yudhathil (1722-1725), masaachyusets thaddesheeya kudumbangalkk oru sammanam nalki, 12 vious athil kooduthalumulla purusha indiakkaarude skaalpukalkk 100 poundu sterling sthreekalkkum kuttikalkkum 50 poundu sterling nalki. renchar joonn lovell thalayotiyile vettayaadal paryaveshanangal nadathiyathaayi ariyappedunnu, ettavum prashasthamaayath nyoo hamshareile pekwaakkett yudhamaanu.
1710kalilum 20kalilum puthiya france natches janathayumaayum meskwaki janathayumaayum athirthi yudhathil earppedukayum eee samayat irupakshavum eee sambradaayam upayogikkukayum cheythu. jorj raajaavinte yudhakaalathu franchukaarum avarude thaddesheeya sakhyakakshikalum britiish kudumbangale aavarthichu koottakkola cheythathinu marupadiyaayi, masaachyusets govarnor vilyam shirley 1746-ll franch-sakhyakakshikalaya indian purushanmaar, sthreekal, kuttikal ennivarude kaivashamullavarkk britiish-sakhyakakshikalaya indiakkaarkku nalkunnathinaayi oru sammanam purappeduvichu. 1747ll newyork oru scalp act pasaki.
father leeii luterinte yudhathilum nova skottiyayileyum akkaadamiyayileyum ezhu varshathe yudhathilum franch kolanikkaar britiish skaalpukalkk indiakkaarkku panam vaagdaanam cheythu. 1749-ll britiish govarnor edward cornavalis oru vamshanasha prakhyapanam srishtichu, athil purushanmaarkk scalpukalkko thadavukaarkko oru sammanam ulppedunnu. ezhu varshathe yudhasamayathum nova scotia govarnor chaals laurence 1756-ll purusha mii 'cummack skaalppukalkk prathiphalam vaagdaanam cheythu. (2000-ll, chila mii' cummack eee prakhyapanam ippozhum nova skottiyayil niyamaparamaanennu vaadichu. pilkkala udambadikal vazhi paaritoshikam asaadhuvaakkiyathinaal ithu niyamavidheyamallennu sarkkar udyogasthar vaadichu-halifax udambadikal kaanuka).
1755 juun 12 vareyulla franch, indian yudhasamayathu masaachyusets govarnor vilyam shirley oru purushante indian thalayottikk 40 poundum 12 vayassinu thaazheyulla sthreekaludeyo kuttikaludeyum thalayottikk 20 poundum paaritoshikam vaagdaanam cheythirunnu. 1756-ll pensylvania lefttanant govarnor roobert morris, lennie lenap (delaware) janathaykkethiraya yuddha prakhyaapanatthil, "panthrand vayassinu mukalilulla oro indian purusha sathruvinteyum thalayottikk 130 ennam ettu kashanagal", "oro indian sthreeyudeyum thalayottikk 50 ennam ettu kashanagal" enniva vaagdaanam cheythu."
scalp boundikalude nilanilppinekkurichu valareyadhikam karyangal cheythittundenkilum, avaa saadhaaranayaayi niyamangalayi eluppathil axus cheyyaavunnathinaal, yadhaarthathil nalkunna boundikalude ennathekkurichu cheria gaveshanangal maathrame nilavilulloo. oru vediyuthirthathinu sheshamulla neenda looad samayam kaaranam flintlock mookk-loading raifilukalude kaalaghattatthil vanapradeshangalile aadyakaala athirthi yuddham thokkukalekkaal tomahokkukalum kathiyum ishtappettirunnu. villu, katthi, kuntham ennivayaal nettam vyakthamaayi kaivasham vachirunnu. chila samsthaanangalkku oro thalayottiyilum vaagdaanam cheiyunna aanukoolyangalude adavu vardhippicha charithramundaayirunnu, orupakshe kuranja aanukoolyangal phalapradamallaathathum prathiphalathinu pakaramaayi oraalude jeevan apakadathilaakkaan yogyamallathathum aayirikkam kaaranam. vardhichuvarunna prathiphalangal pratiphala samvidaanathinte paraajayatthinte alavukolaayirunnu.
american viplavam.
american viplava yudhathil, britiish lefttanant govarnor fort detroyittile indian kaaryangalude sooprandumaaya henry haamilttan, american desasnehikalaaya "hair-bair general" ennariyappettu, kaaranam addeham thante thaddesheeya american sakhyakakshikale prolsaahippikkukayum panam nalkukayum cheythuvennu avar vishwasichu. thalphalamaayi, haamilttan pidikkappettappol, addehathe oru yudhathadavukaaranennathilu oru yudhakkuttavaalanaayi kanakkakki. ennirunnaalum, addeham skaalppukalkk prathiphalam vaagdaanam cheythuvennathinu thelivukalonnumillennum american viplavakaalath oru britiish udyogasthanum skaalppukalkk panam nalkiyirunnillennum american charitrakaaranmaar abhipraayappettittund.
oriskaani yudhathil (1777) general herkimers brigedinte sarjanaayirunna moses yanglovine yudhasamayathu torikal thadavilaakkukayum torrykaludeyum irokvoyisinteyum kaikalil ninnu peedippikkukayum cheythu. sullivan paryaveshanatthinide american thadavukaare narabhojikalaakkiya rund sambhavangalenkilum yanglavu rekhappeduthiyittundu.
1779 septambar 13 leeii lefttanant vilyam baarttante jenal entry deshasnehikal scalpingle pankedukkunnathinekkur parayunnu.
 american viplavakaalath britteeshukaarumaayi sakhyamundaakkiya irokwois scalping parisheelichirunnuvennu nannayi theliyikkappettittund. ettavum prashasthamaaya cases jaine makkriyayudethaayirunnu, addehathinte prathisrutha varan oru vishwastha udyogasthanaayirunnu. briteeshukaarodu vishwasthayum joonn bargointe neethrthwathil irokwois avale thattikkondupoyi, oduvil avale kuthiyidukayum vedivaykkukayum cheythu. avarude maranam pala kolanivaadikaleyum kaanadayil ninnulla britiish adhiniveshathinethiraaya pooraattatthil cheraan prerippichu, eee sramam saradoga yudhathil paraajayatthil avasaanichu.
meksikoo.
1835-ll meksikkan samsthaanamaaya sonorayude sarkkar appacheck oru paaritoshikam nalki, ithu kaalakramena, 14 vayaso athil kooduthalo praayamulla oru purushante thalayottikk 100 pesso nalki sarkkar panamadachu. 1837-ll meksikkan samsthaanamaaya chihuvahuva appaache skaalppukalkkum yodhaakkalkku 100 pesokalkkum sthreekalkku 50 pesokalkkum kuttikalkk 25 pesokalkkum prathiphalam vaagdaanam cheythu. harris vorsestar ezhuthi "puthiya nayam anglos, seminol joonn hozhsinte neethrthwathilulla oodippoya adimakal, indiakkaar-kirker delaavarukalum shaavnikalum upayogichu; terrasakaleppolulla mattullavar tharahumaarakal upayogichu; seminol medhavi kokkoochi indian pradeshathu ninnu palayanam cheytha swantham aalukalude oru samghathe nayichu."
american aabhyantharayudham.
udaaharanathinu, "bloody bill" aandezhsante neethrthwathilulla konfedarettu garillakal avar konna union sainikarude skaalppukal upayogichu avarude saddle alankarikkunnathil prashastharaayirunnu. aandezhsante "cheef scalar" enna prashasthi aarchi klementinu undaayirunnu.
thudarnnuvanna indian yudhangal.
1851ll yuu.ezz. kaaliforniyayile staanislos kaundiyil sainyam indian skaalppukal pradharshippichu. 
1851ll kaaliforniyayile tehama kaundiyil tehama koottakkola nadannu.ezz. sainyavum pouranmaarum gramangal thakarkkukayum noorukanakkinu purushanmareyum sthreekaleyum kuttikaleyum akramikkukayum cheythu. eee akramanam prathyekichum yaana, kongo, nisenan, vintu, nomlakki, patwin, yookki, maidu ennee graamangalile thaddesheeya samoohangale lakshyamittaayirunnu.
1864 november 29nuu american indian yudhangalil 700 anga yuu. ezz seena nadatthiya manalkkallinte koottakolayilum scalling sambhavichu.ezz. sainika sannadhapravarthakar thekkukizhakkan collado pradeshathe cheyenne, arapaho gramangal nasippikkukayum oru thaddesheeya american saadhaaranakkaarane kollukayum vikruthamaakkukayum cheythu. 1867-leeii oru "newyork times" lekhanam report cheythath "collado pradeshathe oru cheria pattanatthile kudiyettakkaar aduthide oru fundilekku 5,000 dollar subscribe cheythu" indian skaalppukal vaangunnathinaayi (chevikal dharichu skaalppukalkk 25 dollar veetham nalkanam) "indian skaalppukalude vpaniye 'prayamo lingabhedamo baadikkunnilla' ennaanu."eee perumaattam yuu. ezz. amgeekarichathaanennu lekhanam abhiprayappettu.ezz. federal gavanment, yuu paattenukal maathrkayaakki.ezz. oru noottaand munbu "american eest" ll ithu aarambhichu.
oru ezhuthukaarante kazhchappadil, thaddesheeya samoohangalkkethiraaya yudhangalil thalayotiyile anugrahangal upayogikkunnathu "indian poraalikalallaathavareyum (sthreekal, kuttikal, sisukkal ulppede) yodhaakkaleyum manahpoorvvam lakshyamidunna vivechanarahithamaaya oru kolapathaka prakriyayayi maari ennathu" athulyamaaya american "naveekaranamaayirunnu."arizona polulla chila american samsthaanangal shatru thaddesheeya american skaalppukalkk prathiphalam nalki.

