aandha yug

prashastha novelistum kaviyum naadakakrithumaaya dharamveer bharathi (1926-1997) hindiyil 1953ll ezhuthiya oru padhya naadakamaanu andhayug (hindi amdha yuga, "andhathayude yugam" allengil "andha praayam"). mahanaaya mahabharata yudhathinte avasana divasam pashchaathalamaakkiyulla eee anchu act duranthangal duranthangal india vibhajanathinu sheshamulla varshangalile manushyajeevithathinteyum dhaarmika moolyangaludeyum naashatthinte upamayayi ezhuthappettathaanu. akramatthinteyum aakramanathmakamaaya swaarthathayudeyum raashtreeyathekkurichu oru roopaka dhyaanamaanith, koodaathe yuddham vyakthikaleyum samoohatheyum manushyathvarahithamaakki. angane vijayi parajayappettavanum oduvil tholkkunnu.
yudhavirudha naadakam aadyamaayi allahabad ool india radioyil oru radio naadakamaayi sensation srishtichu. ithu mumbai aasthaanamaayulla naadaka samvidaayakan satyadev dube (1962) nirmmikkunnathilekkum thudarnnu dalhiyile charitra smaarakangalude pashchaathalatthil (phiros shhaa kotla, puraana kila enniva polullava) naadaka samvidaayakan doyne ibrahim alcassiyude prasidhamaaya nirmmaanathilekkum nayichu. athu "oru deseeya naadaka paripaadiyaayi" maari; addehathinte 1963 leeii nirmmaanam annathe pradhaanamantri jawaharlal nehru kandu. pinneedu niravadhi samvidaayakar ithu avatharippikkukayum niravadhi indian bhashakalil avatharippikkukayum cheythu.
roopathinum prachodanatthinum ulladakkathinumaayi indian ithihaasangaleyum kettukadhakaleyum parisodhikkaan shramicha 1950-kalil indian naadakavediyil aarambhicha "verukalude naadaka" prasthaanatthinte bhaagamaayi "aandha yug" innu "indian naadakavediyil oru puthiya yugathinu thudakkamitta naadakam" ennum hindi naadakavediyude staanderd shekharam ennum amgeekarikkappedunnu. dharmaveer bharathi thante kariyaril oru naadakam ezhuthukayum 1988 ll indiayude deseeya sangeetha, nritha, naadaka academiyaaya sangeetha naadaka akkadami nalkunna sangeetha naadaka akkadami puraskaaram (hindi) nedukayum cheythu.
avalokanam.
"veda vyaasan ezhuthiya purathana samskritha ithihaasamaaya mahaabhaarathathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu 'aandha yug'. paandavarude sathrukkalaaya cussins, kauravarude raajyam, avarude thalasthaanamaaya oru kaalath mahathaaya hastinapur enniva nashippicha mahanaaya mahabharata yudhathinte pathinettaamattheyum avasaanatheyum divasam naadakam aarambikkunnu, kurukshethrayude yudhabhoomi avashishtangalaal chitharikkidakkukayum, kazhukanmaarum marana vilaapangalum niranja aakasham. bandhukkal parasparam kolappeduthiyathine thudarnnu iruvashathum maranangal undaayi. naashathinu parasparam kuttappeduthunnathu thudarunnathinaal athijeevichavar dukkhitharum roshaakularumaayirunnu. swantham dhaarmika thiranjeduppukalude anantharafalamaayi ithine kaanaan aarum thayyarayirunnilla.
guru dronaachaaryarude makanaaya ashwathaama, paandavarkkethiraaya avasaanathe prathikaarapravartthanathil, lokathe unmoolanam cheiyumennu vaagdaanam cheiyunna athyanthikamaaya naashaayudhamaaya "brahmasthram" puratthirakkunnu. ithine apalapikkaan aarum munnott varunnilla daarmikathayum manushyathvavumaanu yudhathil aadyam undaaya naashanashtangal.
yudhathinu munbu bandhukkalkkidayil madhyasthatha vahicha krishna naadakatthinte dhaarmika kendramaayi thudarunnu. thante paraajayatthil polum addeham dhaarmikavum neethiyukthavumaaya oopshanukal avatharippikkukayum ettavum moshamaaya samayangalil polum manushyarkk ellaayppozhum uyarnnatho vishudhamo aaya oru maargam labhyamaanenn namme oormmippikkukayum cheiyunnu. krishnante maranathode naadakam avasaanikkunnu.
kaliyude ghadana.
samskritha naadakatthil kaanapedunna paashchaathya naadaka paarambaryavum aadyakaala indian naadakavum upayogichaanu bharathi eee naadakam nirmmichathu.
vishayangal.
"andha yug" oru yudhavirudha roopakathil svayam mohatthinte apakadangale eduthukaanikkunnu. atikramasamayangalil dhaarmika pravartthanam, anurajanam, nanma ennivaykkulla manushyante kazhivu paryavekshanam cheiyunna ithu andhavum nirashayumaaya oru praayatthinte kroorathaykkum nindaykkum vyakthikal vazhangumbol enthaanu sambhavikkunnathenn velippeduthunnu.
oru andhanaya dhrutharaashtran (shaareerikamaayum thante makanaaya duryodhananodulla addehathinte abhilasham) pratheekamaaya oru bharanadhikaari, thulya andhamaya oru samoohathil athinteyum avarude priyappettavarudeyum paksham paraajayappedumbol. oru samooham prathikaaratthinte oru chakram nirthukayum pakaram oru veendedukkal paatha thiranjedukkukayum cheyyumbol, athinte anantharafalangalekkurichu athu vishadeekarikkunnu, athu ettavum mosham saahacharyangalil polum ellaayppozhum labhyamaan. sahamanushyarude budhishoonyathaykkidayil krishnante saannidyamaanu ithu kaanikkunnath. avar jnjaanathinte shabdam koottaayi nirasikkumbozhaanu yudhathinte avahelanangal avarude mail adichelkkunnathu, ithu vishalamaaya rakthachorichililekku nayichu.
jnjaanasamskaarathil ninnu vyathichalikkukayum pakaram vikaarangalal eluppathil swaadheenikkaavunna nimishatthinte yukthiykk vazhangukayum cheiyunna oru samoohathe kaathirikkunna apakadangalekkurichu katha soochana nalkunnu. oru yudhavirudha prasthavana nadatthaan bharathi mahaabhaarathayudhathe upayogikkukayum vibhajanavumaayi bandhapetta athikramangal, vishwaasam nashtappedal, deseeya swathuam ennivayude pashchaathalatthil dhaarmika neethinishtayekkurichu chodyangal unnayikkukayum cheiyunnu.
loka nayathanthratthinte punk polulla samakaalika prasnangal uyarthikkattaan chila samvidaayakar ithu upayogichittundu.
charithram.
dharmaveer bharathi (1926-1997), prashastha hindi novelistum kaviyum naadakakrithumaayirunnu. addehathinte novalukalaaya "gunahan qaa devata" (paapangalude daivam, 1949), "suuraj qaa satwan ghodaa" (sooryante ezhaamathe kuthira, 1952) enniva hindi saahithyathile classic novalukalaanu. randaamathethu 1992ll shyam benegal oru chithramaayi sweekarichu.
aadyam oru radio naadakamaayi ezhuthiya eee naadakam aadyamaayi ool india radio (public radio) prakshepanam cheyyukayum udan thanne shradha aakarshikkukayum cheythu.
naadakakrithum naadaka samvidaayakanumaaya satyadev dube eee naadakathekkurichu kelkkukayum albert kaamuvinte "cross purposes" enna chithratthinte dubeyude hindi pathipp "sapne" enna peril kaanaan vannappol bharathiye kandumuttukayum cheythu. athinte kazhivu thiricharinju kondu, ekadesham 10 varshatholam thirakkadhayumaayi dube athu poortthiyaakkaan shramichu. 1962ll dalhiyile naashanal school oof dramayude director dalhiyilekku marria ibrahim alcassi aarambhicha oru naadaka samgham (thiyettar yoonit) dubay nadathivarikayaayirunnu, 1962ll svayam pradharshippicha sesham, dubay thirakkatha alcassic ayachu. naadakatthil aakshan illennu palarum kandethiyenkilum, "aakshan thirakkukoottukayallenna alcassi vishwasichu. athu aantharika valarchayaan."
1963ll phiros shhaa kotla, dalhi, thudarnnu thudarnnu puraana kvilayude nirakalilulla padikalude avashishtangalude pashchaathalatthil addeham aadyamaayi "aandha yug" avatharippichappol alcassiyude nirmmaanam aadhunika indian naadakavediyil charithram srishtichu. ithu indian theaterukalil oru puthiya maathruka konduvannu. prashastha samgeethasamvidhaayakan vanraj bhaattiyayaan eee nirmmaanathinu samgeetham nalkiyathu.
varum varshangalil, mohan maharshi, raam gopal bajaj, bhaanu bharathi ennivayulppede niravadhi samvidaayakare aakarshikkukayum raajyathudaneelam avatharippikkukayum cheythu. emm.keey. 1987ll berlinil raina eee naadakam avatharippikkukayum yuu. ezz. ezz. aaril indian utsavam nadathukayum 1994 august august jappaanile tongayil hiroshimayile aanava bombaakramanathinte 49-aamm vaarshikathin oru divasam munbu rathan thiyam oru ooppan eyar prakadanatthil ithu avatharippikkukayum cheythu. samvidaayakar arvind gaur, gireesh tiwari (girda), bijon mondal (2010) ennivaraanu mattu sradheyamaaya nirmmanangal, avar fusion bandinoppam samakaalika twist nalki. 2010ll phiros shhaa kotla avashishtangalil nirmmicha oru sradheyamaaya nirmmaanatthil ashish vidyaarthi (ashwathaama), uthara bokkar (gandhari), mohan maharshi (dhrutharaashtran), vasamth josalkar (vidur), ravee jhankal (vrudha yachak), oom puri (krishna), govind namdev (vyaas) enniva ulppedunnu.

