moritta kanya pathinaram

 pathinaram 1868num idayil meiji kaalaghattatthinte aadya pakuthiyile pramukha japanese thiyettar maanejaraayirunnu (november 9,1846-august 21,1897). gyaas laittukalum kaserakalum polulla paashchaathya savisheshathakal ulkkollunna aadyathe aadhunika theateraaya shintomi-zaa (nyoo shh) addeham nirmmichu. 1878 juunil thuranna thiyettar tokkiyoyile tsukijiyile oru videsha vaasasthalathaanu sthithicheythirunnathu. puthiya prekshakaraaya prabhukkanmaare kabuki theaterukalilekku (kikkan) akarshikkunnathilum addeham nirnaayaka gadakamaayirunnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
12 vayassulla oru cheruppakkaaranaayirikke, moritta kanya pathinaraman jappan vittu paashchaathya lokathekku kudiyeraanulla shramathil yokohama thuramukhathekku oodiyathaayi parayappedunnu oru kodeeswaranaakuka enna thante lakshyam niravettunnathinaayi. shinzhengumi police aaa samayat addehathe thadanjuvenkilum, paashchaathyarodulla addehathinte manobhaavavum thaalpparyavum addehathinte vyakthithvathinte avibhaajya gadakamaayi thudarnnu. sarkkar ettedutha samayat (1868), 22 kaaranaya moritta kanya pathinaraman paashchaathyalokathodu valareyadhikam abhinivesham prakadippichu, soya sosinum vasabic pakaram uppum kurumulkinum cherthu sashimi (oru parambaraagatha japanese vibhavam) kazhikkum.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
naadakakrithu okamoto kido pithavumaayi kanyaykku souhrudamundaayirunnu. kido abhipraayathil addeham valare manyanum eathaandu anusaranamullavanumayirunnu, oru avasarathil oru madurakkadayil ninnu vangiya paashchaathya madhurapalahaarangalude oru petti kido veettilekku konduvannu. thomas maklachiyude neethrthwathilulla britiish legationile nivaasikal kanya oru naadaka thirasseela avatharippikkumbol chila fudal domainukalkkidayil paashchaathya virudha vikaarathinte antharpravaaham anishchithathvathilaayirunnu. kanya, maklachiyum oru austro-hungarian nayathanthranjanaaya heinrich voonn seabold thammil thirasseelayekkurichum oru prathyeka udghaadana paripaadiyilekku kanyayil ninnulla kshanathekkurichum kathukal kaimari.
"punarnirmmaanatthinte anantharafalamaayi, 1879 juun 7 nuu shintomisayude udghaadanathodanubandhichu tokkiyoyile rund yuva videsha nivaasikale ningalkk oru manyamaaya kshanam nalkaanum ente saha naattukaarodoppam ningale swaagatham cheiyunna oru mahathaaya prasamgatthil njangalude aathidhyamaryaadayum abhinandanaprakadanavum nalkaanum njaan eee kathu ezhuthunnu. koodaathe, eee vishayathe sambandhichidatholam, eee abhyarthanayodu ningal dayaapoorvam prathikarikkunnathuvare njaan samayam alakkum. athu sammaanichukazhinjaal, eee gambheeramaaya thirasseelayude sammanam labhichukazhinjaal, oru bahumanappetta sthalathu sevikkaan njaan athu thookkiyidum. ithu nammude paraspara samthrupthikkaayirikkum ennu njaan vishwasikkunnu. oru prathyeka kurippil, pratheekshakalkkapuram eee thirasseelayude roopam, varaanirikkunna sammaanathinte certificattil perukal prathyakshappedunnavare sammathikkaan prolsaahippikkum. eee nirddeshathinte appeel pinthunaykkum. ningalude aathmaarthatha, 1879 februvari 3, tokkiyoyil asap hospitaalitti kambani, heinrich voonn seabold, tokkiyo shintomisayude thalayil ninnulla thomas mcclachy, moritta cania ilaya "
athinu mcclachy marupadi nalki...
"varaanirikkunna chadangil pankedukkaanaanu njaan jappanilekku varunnath. ente suhruthukkalumaayi bandhappedunnathu apakadakaramaakumennathinaal njaan bahumaanathode jagrata palikkaan upadeshikkunnu. jappanil ronin ennu vilikkappedunnavareplu avarude kattana vaalukalullavar valarekkaalamaayi sayudha vibhagangalil pettavaraan. avar kanda videshikal udan kollappedunnu. ente amma karachil nirtthiya jappanil yaatra cheyyaan kazhinjathil njaan santhushtanaanu. athu kaanaan varunnath roninte shirachedam cheyyukayalla ente uddeshyam. thiyettar valare manoharamaanu, njangal manoharamaaya oru naadakam kaanum. athu valare manoharamaanu, ningal sammathikkunnille? grettu brittante (victoria raajnji) ammayaya ente suhruthine paricharikkunnathin ezhuthenda vishadaamshangal nalkanamennu njaan bahumaanathode aavashyappedunnu."
kaanthan marupadi paranju...
"ayacha ellah shanangalkkum marupadiyaayi njaan ningalude dayayullah kathu vaayichu, juunil eee avasarathil ningal athidhiyaakumennu sthireekarichathinu njaan nandi parayaan aagrahikkunnu. ningal valare dayayodum bahumaanathodum koodi nalkia ithrayum manoharamaaya steju curtainukal enikku vinayapoorvvam labhichu. eee udghaadana velayil, bhaavi thalamurakalk ethratholam mikacha bahumanam labhikkumo athratholam nannayi samghadippikkunnathu ente abhimaanamaayirikkum. ithinushesham ellah prathyeka designukalum pradarshippikkunna osaakayil chithreekaranangal kaanum. ente moonnu shreshtasuhrithukkale, ningalkk ellah bahumaanavum nalkikkond, appol ningalkk uchithamaaya nandi bahumanavumulla prasamgangal nalkum. eee lekhanathinulla ningalude prathikaranam kudumba chinnathode aadarikkunnathuvare njaan samayam krithyamaayi alakkum. bahumaanathode, ningalude sincerely.4th februvari, moritta kanya "
kabuki parishkaarangal.
meiji kaalaghattatthile parishkaarangal kabuki theaterine valareyadhikam baadhichu. kabuki kalaye paashchaathya roopathinu samanamaaya onnaayi maattuka ennathaayirunnu sarkkaarinte pradhana aashanka. ithu naadakatthe oru pothusthalathu ninnu uyarnna saamoohikapankaaliyilekku maatti, athil prabhukkanmaarum prabhukkanmaarum vannu prakadanangal kaanum. kabuki oru parishkritha jappane prathinidheekarikkendathaayinu (kooduthalum paashchaathyare aakarshikkunnathinayi). 1872ll moritta kanya pathinaraman ulppedeyulla kabuki nethaakkalodu tokkiyo sitti haalil nadanna oru charchayil pankedukkaan aavasyappettu. avide, mattangal abhisambodhana cheyyappedukayum bhaaviyile jappaanile deseeya naadakavediyude directorakamenna pratheekshayode oru sambannanaaya bisinasukaaranaakaanulla avasaramaayi moritta kanya pathinaraman ithine kaanukayum cheythu. addeham thante shintomi-zaa nirmmichappol addeham aagrahicha parishkaarangal nadappaakki, avaa pinneedu "engeki kairo" ennu ariyapettu."(tsudin)
currier.
tokugawa shogan bharanathinu keezhil licensulla moonnu theaterukalil onninte udamayaayirunnu moritta kanya moritta-zaa. 1868ll sarkkar etteduthathinethudarnnu, 1872ll moritta kanya moritta-zaa nirmmichu, ithu japanese kabuki naadaka gadanayude parivartthanatthe adayaalappeduthi. 1875-ll addeham saambathika budhimuttukal neridukayum moritta-zaa oru kambaniyaayi punasamghadippikkukayum cheythu, athu thiyettarinte peru shintomi-zaa ennu maatti. oru varshathinusesham 1876-ll thiyettar katthi nashichuvenkilum moritta kanya athinte naashathinushesham udan thanne punarnirmmichu. 1878ll ithu poortthiyaakki shintomi-zaa ennu namakaranam cheythu. 1878 juun 7 nuu annathe mukhyamanthri rajakumaaranaaya sanjo sanettomi (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ (skinkle) shintomi-zaa paashchaathya sandarshakarkkaayi roopakalppana cheytha padinjaaran kaserakalum stejinu gyaas lighting sajjeekarichirikkunnu. tokkiyoyile britiish legation amgamaaya thomas russell hillier mcclachy udghaadana chadangil pankedukkukayum udghaadana ratri prakadanangal kaanunnath addeham nannayi aaswadikkukayum pinneedu ammaykkum suhruthukkalkkum athinekkurichu kathezhuthukayum cheythu. akkaalat britiish legationil oru vyaakhyaathaavaayi jolie cheythirunna moritta kanyayude suhruthum pinneedu naadakakrithu okamoto kido pithavumaaya kiyoshi, mcclachy shintomisaykkaayi videsha nivaasikalil ninnu oru sammanam roopakalppana cheyyaan sahayichu, 1879 februvari 3 nuu, sankeernamaaya pine, mulla, plum designukal, moritta kanyayude kadabami chihnam enniva upayogichu purple saattin kondu nirmmicha oru thirasseela theaterinu sammaanichu. februvari februvari aarambhicha march prakadanangalkku moritta valare santhoshavathiyaayi thirasseela thookkiyidukayum cheythu. (skinkle) moritta kanya pathinaaraamante kariyarinte paraakaashta 1879 juunilum germmaniyile videsha prabhuvaya kireedavakashi heinrich 1879 juulai juulai aayirunnu.ezz. president ulysus graant shintomi-sayil ethi yoshi-yeyude oru prakadanatthinu vidheyanaayi. (braandan) eee mattangalellaam shintomi-saye jappaanile "deseeya naadakavediyaayi" maatti, ennirunnaalum athine angane paraamarshichirunnilla.
kabukiyil swaadheenam cheluthunnu.
thrastt ghattam illaathaakkuka.
edo kaalaghattatthile (1603-1868) kabukiyude paraakaashtayil, nadanum prekshakarum thammilulla bandham shakthavum aduppamullathumaayirikkanam. ithinartham abhinethaakkal prekshakarumaayi samvadikkunnathu saadhaaranamaayirunnu ennaanu. udaaharanathinu, prakadanatthinidayil, abhinethaakkal "thrastt stejilekku" (prekshakarkku vyaapikkunna oru vedhi) vannu avarumaayi samvadikkum. moritta kanya pathinaraman kabuki kooduthal manyamaaya oru kalaaroopamaakki mattaanulla shramathiloode oonnal ghattam illaathaakkukayum athuvazhi oru paashchaathya kanvenshan palikkukayum cheythu. ithu nadanum prekshakarum thammilulla bandham avasaanippichu. (saamuval ell. laider, edii., oru kabuki reader (armonk, ny: m.iii. sharp, 2002))
kabuki naadakangalude parishkkaranam.
1878-ll, charitraparamaaya krithyathaykkulla sarkkaarinte aavashyathethudarnnu moritta kanya pathinaraman, sameepakaalathe oru yadhaartha kalaapathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla "okige noow kumo harau asagochi" enna naadakam nirmmichu. saadhaaranakkaare (yuichiro) nagarikaraakkuka enna lakshyathode addeham thante abhinethaakkalude sambhashanangalil "nalla" manoveeryam ulkkollunna gadakangal samyojippichu. paashchaathya sandarshakare aakarshikkunnathinayi addeham chila naadakangale paashchaathyavalkkarichu. udaaharanathinu, 1879ll europil nadanna rund kabuki naadakangal addeham ezhuthi. mattoru sandarbhathil american aabhyantharayudhathile general graantinte vijayangale adisthaanamaakki oru naadakam srishtikkaan addeham oru naadaka rachayithaavine niyamichu. (braandan)
vaasthuvidyayilum furnitureukalilum mattangal.
prekshakarkkaayi paashchaathya kaserakalude upayogam, ippol ellah japanese theaterukalilum saadhaaranamaanu, kanyayude shintomi-sayilaan avatharippichathu. oru noottaandilereyaayi athe nilayilaayirunna vediyude valipavum moritta kanya pathinaraman shintomi-zaa nirmmichappol vipuleekarichu. (yuichiro)
pinneedulla jeevitam.
1894ll moritta kanya pathinaraman thante naadaka maanejment duty upekshikkaan nirbandhithanaayi. paashchaathya kalakaaranmaarude (yuichiro) mosham prakadanam kaaranam valare parajayappetta "heuryu kidan sioo-gekki" enna naadakatthinte nirmmaanatthil addehathinu 20,000 yenn nashtappetta oru valia saambathika prathisandhi undaayirunnu. 1909ll shintonomi-zaa shochikku vaangi.
ocamoto kido pithavum addehathe avasaanamaayi kandathu meiji 29 (1896) leeii kabukisayile beyarin tea housilaanu, avar ishikaava danjuro iksinte 'shibaraku' (oru minitt kaathirikkuka), 'sukeroku' ennivayude punarujjeevana prakadanatthil pankedutthu. akkaalat, okamoto kido pithaavinte abhipraayathil, 2011 ll addehathinu 700,000-800,000 yenn kadamundaayirunnu, athaayath ekadesham ¥ 2,250,000,000-¥ 2,570,000,000, ekadesham 14.5-15 dasalaksham poundu allengil $22.25-22.5 dasalaksham dollarinu thulyamaanu. august 21 nuu maiji 30 (1897) nuu aakashaka jillayile nakano-choo (skinkle) yile veettil vachu addeham antharichu.

