
perm, russia

munbu yaagoshikha (<unk>) (1723-1781) ennum molotov (<unk>) (1940-1957) ennum ariyappettirunna perm (<unk>), russiayile perm kraayiyude ettavum valia nagravum bharana kendravumaanu. oru dashalakshathiladhikam janasamkhyayulla eee nagaram kaama nadiyude theerathu, yooral parvathanirakk sameepamaan sthithi cheiyunnathu. russiayile pathinanchaamatthe valia nagravum volga federal jillayile anchaamathe valia nagaravumaan perm.
1723-ll "yagoshikha" graamatthil chembu urukkunna oru kruthi sthaapikkappettu. 1781ll yaagoshikhayude vaasasthalam "perminte" pattanamayi maari. volgayilekku nayikkunna navigable kaama nadiyilum yooral parvathanirakk kuruke cyberian roottilum perminte sthaanam athine oru pradhana vyapara, ulppaadana kendramaayi marran sahayichu. trans-cyberian reyilveyilum ithu sthithicheyyunnu. soviyatt kaalaghattatthil yuralukalil vyavasayavalkkaranam nadannathode perm ganyamaayi valarukayum 1940-ll vyacheslavu molottovinte bahumaanaartham "molotov" ennu namakaranam cheyyappedukayum cheythu. 1957ll nagaram athinte charitraparamaaya perilekku thirichetthi.
aadhunika perm ippozhum oru pradhana railway kendravum yural mekhalayile pradhana vyaavasaayika kendrangalilonnumaanu. nagaratthile vaividhyamaarnna metallurgical, enchiniyaring vyavasaayangal petroleum, kalkari vyavasayangalkkum kaarshika yanthrangalkkumulla upakaranangalum yanthra upakaranangalum nirmmikkunnu. oru pradhana petroleum refinery padinjaaran cyberian ennappaadangalil ninnu pipeline vazhi kondupookunna enna upayogikkunnu, koodaathe nagaratthile valia raasa vyavasaayam valangalum chaayangalum nirmmikkunnu. nagaratthile unnatha vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangalil perm eiii ulppedunnu.emm. 1916ll sthaapithamaaya gorkey stettu yooniversitti.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
perm" enna peru euralic ettimolajiyil ninnaan (koomi-permaca perem, "perem";, "perim"). perminte perilum ariyappedunna euralic bhaashakalude permic shaakhayile amgamaanu koomi. finnish, vepsian bhashakalil "perama" ennaal "vidoora bhoomi" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu; athupole, hangarian bhashayil "perem" ennaal "edju" allengil "edju" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu. permiyante bhoomishaasthraparamaaya kaalaghattam athinte peru toponymil ninnaan eduthathu.
bhoomishaasthram.
malayora bhoopradeshathu kaama nadiyude theerathaanu eee nagaram sthithi cheiyunnathu. volga nadiyude pradhana poshakanadiyaaya kaama russiayile ettavum aazhameriyathum manoharavumaaya nadikalilonnaanu. eee nadhi yural parvathangalkk vellakkadalilekkum baltic kadalilekkum assov kadalilekkum karinkadal caspian kadalilekkum praveshanam nalkunna jalapaathayaan. kaama nagaram rund bhagangalaayi vibhajikkunnu madhyabhagavum valath theerabhaagavum. nagaram kaamayude theerathekkum athinappurathekkum vyaapichukidakkunnu. nagaratthile theruvu grid kaama nadikku samaantharamaayi saadhaaranayaayi kizhakk-padinjaaru sanjarikkunnu, mattu pradhana theruvukal nadiye pinthudarunnavaykku lambamaayi oodunnu. grid paatten nagaratthile kunnukal kadakkunna sthalathe ulkkollunnu.
nagaratthinte mattoru savisheshatha valia thothil cheria nadikalum aruvikalumaanu. avayil ettavum valuth mulyanka, yegoshikha, motovilikha (ellaam kaama nadiyude idathu theerathaanu), gewa (valath theerathu) ennivayaanu.
choodulla venalkkaalavum neendathum thanuppullathumaya shaithyakaalamulla bhookhanda kaalavasthayaanu permilullathu.
charithram.
pazhaya permiac pradeshathaanu perm sthithi cheiyunnathu. 1647-ll yaagoshikha graamamaayi permine aadyamaayi paraamarshichu; ennirunnaalum, aadhunika nagaramaya perminte charithram aarambhikkunnath saar peettar dhii grettu yooral mekhalayude vikasanathodeyaanu. yooral faaktarikalude cheef manejaraayi saar niyamicha vasily tatishchevu yooral mekhalayile mattoru pradhana kendramaaya yekaattarinbargumaayi chernnu perm sthaapichu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil, 1860-kalil 20,000-thiladhikam janasamkhyayulla oru pradhana vyapara, vyaavasaayika kendramaayi perm maari, oru britiish samrambhakante udamasthathayilullathu ulppede niravadhi lohashaasthram, paper, steamboat uthppaadippikkunna faaktarikal. 1870-ll nagaratthil oru ooppara thiyettar thurakkukayum 1871-ll russiayile aadyathe phoosphoorik factory nirmmikkukayum cheythu. 1916-ll aadhunika russiayile oru pradhana vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanamaaya perm stettu yooniversitti thurannu.
russian aabhyantharayudham pottippurappettathinum, sainika aayudha nirmmaanashaalakal kaaranam perm irupakshathinteyum pradhana lakshyamaayi maari. 1918 juulai-septambar muthal saareena alexandra fiodorovna avarude naalu penmakkalum perseption aandu sorisin kettidangalil thadavilakkappettathaayi valia kimvadanthikal pracharichirunnu. saarile phayal anusarichu, grand dutches anastheshya oodi rakshappedaan shramikkumaayirunnu. 1918 desember 25 nuu anatoli pepliyevinte (aleksaandar kolchaakkinte oomsku gavanmentinte adikaaram amgeekaricha) keezhilulla cyberian velutha sainyam perm pidichedutthu. 1919 juulai 1nuu nagaram redu armi thirichupidichu.
soviyatt kaalaghattam.
1930kalil vyomayaanam, kappal nirmmaanam, raasa faaktarikal enniva nirmmicha perm oru pradhana vyaavasaayika nagaramaayi valarnnu. mahathaaya desasneha yudhasamayathu (randaam lokamahaayudham), soviyatt unionile peeranki ulppaadanathinte oru pradhana kendramaayirunnu perm. sheethayudhakaalathu perm oru adacha nagaramaayi maari.
aadhunika nagaram.
oru pradhana bharana, vyaavasaayika, shaasthra, saamskaarika kendramaanu eee nagaram. yanthrangal, prathirodham, enna uthppaadanam (russian uthppaadanathinte ekadesham 3 sathamaanam), enna shudheekaranam, raasa, petrochemical, thadi, thadi samskaranam, bhakshya vyavasaayam ennivayaanu pramukha vyavasaayangal.
2021 septambar 20 nuu perm stettu yooniversittiyil oru kootta vedivayppu nadannu, athil aarr perr marikkukayum 47 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
bharanaparavum munisippal nilavaaramullathum.
kraayiyude bharana kendramaanu perm, bharanaparamaya divisionukalude chattakkoodinullil, permsky jilla athinte bhaagamallengilum athinte bharana kendramaayum ithu pravartthikkunnu. oru bharanavibhaagamenna nilayil, rund grameena pradeshangalkoppam, perminte kraay praadhaanyamulla nagaramaayi ithu vevvere samyojippichirikkunnu-jillakalkku thulyamaaya padaviyulla oru bharanavibhagam. oru munisippal division enna nilayil, perminte kraay praadhaanyamulla nagaram perm arban ookrugaayi samyojippichirikkunnu.
sitti divisionukal.
bharanaparamaya aavasyangalkkaayi, permine ezhu nagara jillakalaayi thirichirikkunnu
sambadghadana.
yooralile nagarangalil ettavum valia vyaavasaayika uthppaadanam perminundu, yekaattarinbarg, chelyabinsk, yufa ennivayekkaal munnilaanu, ennirunnaalum perminu ivayekkaal cheria janasamkhyayundu. perm oblaasttinte vyavasaayathinte muppathiyanju sathamaanavum permilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. electric power enchiniyaring, oayil aandu gyaas refining, mesheen building, chemicals aandu petrochemicals, forestry prosessing, printing, phudu industry ennivayaanu nagaratthile ettavum valia vyavasaayangal.
niravadhi pradhana vyaavasaayika kambanikal permilaanu sthithicheyyunnathu russian vimana vyavasayathinulla enchinukalude pradhana vitharanakkaraaya perm motorukalum aviyadvigaattalum; varaanirikkunna ankaara rokkatt kudumbathinaayi valia thothil uthppaadippikkunna rokkatt enchin kambaniyaaya prottoon-pm; electric enchiniyaring sthaapanangalaaya morean jsc, perm scientific aandu industrial group, perm electrical enchiniyaring plaant; russiayile ettavum valia kebilukalum vayarukalum kayattumathi cheiyunna jsc camcabel; lukoyil-perm eltidi polulla enna, prakrithivaathaka kambanikal. koodaathe lucoilpernefteprode limittad.
gathagatham.
madhya russiayilekkum yuralukalude vadakkan bhaagathekkum russiayude vidoora kizhakode vyaapippikkunna lainukalulla trans-cyberian reyilveyile oru pradhana railway jangshanaanu perm. perminu rund pradhana railway steshanukalundu, charitraparamaaya perm I, aadhunika perm II. russiayude europian bhaagavum vella, baltic, assov, black, caspian kadalukalile kadaltheerangalum thammilulla oru pradhana nerittulla bandhamaan kaama nadhi.
nagaratthinte thekkupadinjaraayi sthithi cheiyunna anthaaraashtra vimaanathavalamaaya bolshoy saavinoyaan perminu sevanam nalkunnathu.
perminte pothugathagatha shringalayil tram, buzz, sitti-railway roottukal enniva ulppedunnu. munpu pradhaanapettirunna trolleybus sevanam 2019 joolaiyil nirthalaakki.
nirddishta metro samvidaanam.
perm metro" ennathu pariganicha oru metro samvidaanathinte aasootritha nirmmaanamaan. aadya padhathikal 1970kalilaanu. 1990ll oru saadhyataa patanam samaaharichenkilum aaa dashakathile saambathika budhimuttukal athinte anthima aasoothranatheyum nirmmaanatheyum thadanju. 2000-kalude thudakkathil padhathikal punarujjeevippikkaduvedum dhanasahaayathinte abhavam padhathiye thadassappeduthukayum padhathikal veendum nirtthivaykkukayum cheythu. laitt reyil samvidaanavum pariganichittundu.
samskaaram.
perm oopparayum baale hausum russiayile ettavum mikacha onnaanu. naadaka thiyettar, paava thiyettar, yuva prekshakarkkulla thiyettar, thiyettar "steju mollot", bridge thiyettarile "mistikkal" ennivayulppede niravadhi theaterukal permil undu.
nagarangalile myusiyangalkkum gaalarikalkkum idayil, 15 muthal 18 vare noottaandile kalaa prasthaanangalil ninnulla paintingukal, eee mekhalayile thadi shilpangal ennivayulppede mikacha kalaasrishtikalude shekharathinu perm stettu art gallery amgeekarikkappettittundu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil oru kaalath oru yaadhaasthithika katheedralaayirunna sradheyamaaya oru gadanayilaanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu. komsomolsky prospekttil sthithi cheiyunnathinaal museum gopurangalude gopuram backie perminu mukalilaanu. 2009 maarchil audyogikamaayi thuranna samakaalika kalayude puthiya myoosiyamaaya perm museum oof kandamparari aarttinte (perm) vikasanathil ninnu perminu shradha labhikkunnu.
andrey remyanikov aanu permil raav vaitt steel naakk drum kandupidichathu. oro swarathinum drummile mattu svarangalumaayi prathidhwanikkunna onniladhikam harmonic svarangal ullathinaal eee upakaranam naav drum, handpan lokath savisheshamaan. thathfalamaayi shabdathinu deerghakaala nilanilppum prathidhwaniyum undu.
nagaratthinte ankil kaanichirikkunna oru nadathakkuthiraye chithreekarikkunna oru silpamaanu perm karadiyude allengil nadathakkuthirayude aitihyam. nagaratthinte madhyabhaagathu lenin streettil, oorgan kansertt haalinu munnilum perm kraayiyude niyamasabhayude kettidathinaduthumaayaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. aartists union oof russiayileyum unesco internaashanal association oof artsileyum amgamaaya nisni taggle ninnulla smaaraka silpiyaaya vladymyr paavlenkoyaanu shilpathinte rachayithaav.
vidyaabhyaasam.
perm oru shaasthra kendramaanu. chila shaasthrasthaapanangal russian akkadami oof sayansasinte yooral shaakhayude perm shaasthra kendrathilaanu samyojippichirikkunnath.
perm stettu yooniversitti, perm stettu technical yooniversitti, stettu yooniversitti hier school oof economicsinte perm branch, perm stettu teachers training yooniversitti, perm stettu medical akkadami, perm stettu farmaceutical akkadami, perm stettu agrikalcharal akkadami, instittyoott oof art aandu kalchar, perm stettu choreographic school thudangi niravadhi pradhana sarvakalaashaalakalude aasthaanamaanu perm. permil moonnu sainika schoolukalum undu.
kaalavastha.
permil choodulla venalkkaala bhookhanda kaalaavasthayundu (copen "dii. eph. bii"). shaithyakaalam neendathum manjumoodiyathum thanuppullathumaan. venalkkaalam mithamaaya choodum thanutha raathrikalumaan, ennirunnaalum venalkkaalam shaithyakaalathekkaal cheruthaanu. vidoora ulnaadan sthaanam kaaranam, seasonal kaalathaamasatthinte vyakthamaaya abhavam kaaranam divasangal kurravaayathode choodulla kaalavastha athivegam thanuthurayunnu. shaithyakaalath ithu kuravaanu.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
2010leeii audyogika sensus samayat, nagaratthile vamseeyatha ariyappettirunna janasamkhyayude vamseeya ghadana (907,955) ithaayirunnu
sports.
2002 leeii europian amachwar boxing chaambyanshippinu eee nagaram aathidheyathvam vahichu.
1995-2008 ll, yural grettu basketball teaminte sthaanamaayirunnu perm-sii. ezz. keey. eiii. kku purame eaka russian basketball chaambyan.
kaama enna amachwar bandy team undu.
sradheyamaaya aalukal.
thaazhepparayunna aalukal onnukil permil janichavaro avide thaamasikkumbol thanne svayam perukal undaakkiyavaro aanu.
kaayika.
nobel sammana jethaavaaya ezhuthukaaran boris paastarnaakk (1890-1960) kurachukaalam permil jeevichu, addehathinte "doctor sivago" enna novalil yoori laraye veendum pothu libraryil kaanunna "uriotin" enna saangalppika naamatthil ithu ulkkollunnu.
maarkkatting.
nagarathinu oru logo ulla russiayile nagara vipaniyude oru udaaharanamaanu perm.
eratta pattanangal-sahodari nagarangal.
perm erattakalaana

