adiyanthara maanejment

samoohangal apakadasadhyathakal kuraykkukayum duranthangale neridukayum cheiyunna chattakkood srishtikkunnathinulla utharavaadithamulla maanejment pravarthanamaanu emarjansi maanejment allengil disaastar maanejment. emarjansi maanejment, athinte peru undaayirunnittum, yadhaarthathil emarjansi maanejmentil shradha kendreekarikkunnilla, ithu parimithamaaya prathyaaghaathangalulla cheria sambhavangalayi manassilakkaanum oru kammyoonittiyude dainamdina pravarthanangaliloode kaikaaryam cheyyaanum kazhiyum. pakaram, emarjansi maanejment duranthangalude maanejmentil shradha kendreekarikkunnu, avaa oru samoohathinu svanthamaayi kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyunnathinekkaal kooduthal prathyaaghaathangal srishtikkunna sambhavangalaanu. duranthangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu vyakthikal, kudumbangal, samghadanakal, praadeshika, koodaathe/allengil sarkkaarinte uyarnna thalangalil ninnulla chila pravartthanangal aavasyamaanu. aagolathalathil niravadhi vyathyastha padangal nilavilundenkilum, duranthasaadhyatha kuraykkal, prathirodham thudangiya mattu padangalum saadhaaranamaanenkilum, adiyanthara maanejmentinte pravartthanangale saadhaaranayaayi thayyaareduppu, prathikaranam, laghookaranam, veendedukkal enningane tharamthirikkaam. duranthangal thadayukayum athu saadhyamallaathidathu avayude doshakaramaaya prathyaaghaathangal kuraykkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu emarjansi maanejmentinte phalam.
emarjansi planning idealukal.
adiyantharaavasthakal sambhavikkunnath thadayukayaanu adiyanthara aasoothranam lakshyamidunnathu, athu paraajayappedumbol, eathu adiyanthira saahacharyangaludeyum phalangalum prathyaaghaathangalum laghookarikkunnathinulla kaaryakshamamaya oru karmapadhathi aarambikkunnu. emarjansi plaanukalude vikasanam oru chaakrika prakriyayaan, bisinesses thudarcha, suraksha risk maanejment thudangiya niravadhi risk maanejment vishayangalil saadhaaranamaanu, athil apakadasaadhyathakale thirichariyukayo thirichariyukayo athupole thanne apakadasaadhyathakalude ranking allengil vilayiruthal thayyaaraakkendath pradhaanamaan. asis, naashanal fayar protection association (enfpa), internaashanal association oof emarjansi maanejarmaar (iaem) thudangiya professional samghadanakal emarjansi planningumaayi bandhappett niravadhi maarganirddeshangalum prasidheekaranangalum prasidheekarichittundu.
adiyanthara maanejment padhathikalilum nadapadikramangalilum adiyantharaavastha undaakumbol theerumaanamedukkunnathin utharavaadikalaaya uchithamaaya pariseelanam labhicha staaf amgangale thirichariyunnathu ulppeduthanam. pariseelana padhathikalil aantharika vyakthikal, kararukar, pourasamrakshana pankaalikal enniva ulppedanam, koodaathe parisheelanathinteyum parisodhanayudeyum swabhaavavum aavruthiyum prasthaavikkanam. oru padhathiyude falaprapti parishodhikkunnath pathivayi nadakkanam; niravadhi bisinassukalo oorganaiseshanukalo ore sthalam kaivashamulla sandarbhangalil, ellah kakshikalum aupachaarikamaayi amgeekaricha samyuktha adiyanthara padhathikal nadappaakkanam. munkootty kaanavunna apakadangalkkulla thayyaareduppinaayi palappozhum pariseelanangalum vyaayaamangalum nadakkunnu, adiyantharaavastha kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil ulppedunna sevanangaludeyum baadhikkappedunna aalukaludeyum pankaalitthatthode. theepiduttham, chuzhalikkaatt, samrakshanathinaayi adachupoottal, bhookambam thudangiya apakadangal neridaan thayyaaredukkunnathinaayi abhyasangal nadathunnu. yuu. eiii. yill.ezz.sarkkar emarjansi telecommunication sevanam oru prathisandhiyilo adiyantharaavasthayilo federal, stettu, local, tribal gavanment udyogasthar, vyavasaya, sarkkarithara samghadanakal ennivare pinthunaykkunnu, pothu switch cheytha telephone nettvarkkiloode praadeshika, deerghadoora kolukalkku adiyanthira praveshanavum munganana kaikaaryam cheyyalum nalkunnu.
thozhilaallikalude aarogyavum surakshyum.
duranthanivaarana samayat shucheekaranathil niravadhi thozhilparamaaya apakadangal ulppedunnu. palappozhum, prakrithi duranthatthinte falamaayi praadeshika paristhithiyude avastha eee apakadangal kooduthal vashalaakkunnu. apakadasadhyathakal thirichariyukayum samagramaayi vilayiruthukayum cheyyuka, uchithamaaya vyakthigatha samrakshana upakaranangalude (ppe) prayogam, joliyude surakshithamaaya prakadanam praapthamaakkunnathin prasakthamaaya mattu vivarangal vitharanam cheyyuka enniva ulppede eee apakadangal neridunnathu kuraykkukayum saadhyamaakumbol thozhilaallikale samrakshikkukayum cheyyuka enna utharavaaditham thozhiludamakalkkaan.
shaareerika exposureukal.
vellapokka duranthangal palappozhum thozhilaallikale mangiya vellathinadiyil olippichirikkunna moorchayullathum moorchayillaathathumaaya vasthukkalil ninnulla aaghaathathinu vidheyaraakkunnu, ithu murivukalkkum thurannathum adanjathumaaya odivukalkkum kaaranamaakunnu. palappozhum malinamaaya vellathil earppedunnathiloode eee parikkukal kooduthal vashalaakukayum anubaadhaykkulla saadhyatha vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. jala thapanilayil kooduthal samayam jalathinte thapanilayil kooduthal samayam edapedunnathiloode hypothermiayude apakadasaadhyatha ganyamaayi vardhikkunnu. miliyeriya, immersion phoott syndrome (trench phoott ulppede), kondaakt dermatitis ennivayulppede pakarchavyaadhiyethara charmmarogangalum sambhavikkam.
bhookambavumaayi bandhapetta parikkukal kettida nirmmaana gadakangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, ithil thakarnnadinja kedupaadukal, pollalukal, vaidyutha shock, avashishtangalkkidayil kudungikkidakkuka enniva ulppedunnu.
raasa exposureukal.
chila alavukalil manushyarumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthumbol rasavasthukkal manushyante aarogyathinu apakadamundaakkum. oru prakrithi duranthathinushesham, chila rasavasthukkal paristhithiyil kooduthal praadhaanyamullathaayi maarum. eee apakadakaramaaya vasthukkal neritto allaatheyo puratthuvidaam. oru prakrithi duranthatthinu sesham nerittu purathuvarunna raasa apakadangal palappozhum sambhavathinte athe samayat sambhavikkunnu, ithu laghookaranathinulla aasootritha pravartthanangale thadassappeduthunnu. apakadakaramaaya raasavasthukkalude parokshamaaya prakashanam manappoorvvam purathuvidukayo manappoorvvam purathuvidukayo cheyyaam. vellappokkathin sesham upayogikkunna keedanaashinikalo vellappokkathin sesham vellam chlorin upayogichu shudheekarichatho manappoorvvam puranthallappedunnathinte oru udaaharanamaanu. oru prakrithidurantham undaakumbol avayude puranthallal kuraykkunnathinu eee raasavasthukkale enchineeyaringiloode niyantrikkaan kazhiyum; udaaharanathinu, vellapokkam sambhavicha sambharanikalil ninno nirmmaana soukaryangalil ninno varunna kaarshika rasavasthukkal vellappokkathe vishalipthamaakkunnu allengil oru chuzhalikkattil kettidam thakarnnuveezhunna samayat purathuvidunna aasbattos naarukal. valathuvashathulla flochart staasi yangum mattullavarum nadatthiya gaveshanathil ninnu sweekarichu.
jaiva exposureukal.
vellapokkam, chuzhalikkaatt, chuzhalikkaatt, sunami thudangiya prakrithi duranthangalkku sheshamaan pooppal sanbarkkam saadhaaranayaayi kaanappedunnath. paarppida allengil vaanijya kettidangalude puratthum akathum pooppal valarcha sambhavikkam. choodullathum eerppamullathumaaya saahacharyangal pooppal valarchaye prothsaahippikkunnu. pooppal enangalude krithyamaaya ennam anjjaathamaanengilum, saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunna indor pooppal vakabhedangalude chila udaaharanagal aspergillus, cladosporium, alternaria, pensilium ennivayaanu. pooppalkalodulla prathikaranam vyakthikalkkidayil vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, kannil aswasthatha, chuma thudangiya neriya lakshanagal muthal jeevan apakadappeduthunna aasthma allengil allergy prathikaranangal vare aakam. vittumaaraatha shwaasakosha rogam, aasthma, allergy, mattu shwasana prasnangal allengil rogaprathirodha sheshi kuranjavar ennivayude charithramulla aalukal pooppal rogangalodu kooduthal sensitiivu aayirikkukayum fungus pneumonia vikasippikkukayum cheyyaam. prakrithi duranthathinushesham pooppal valarcha thadayunnathinulla chila reethikalil ellah vaathilukalum janalukalum thurakkuka, kettidam unakkaan faanukal upayogikkuka, janaalakalil ninnu vaayu puratthekku ozhukaan faanukal sthaapikkuka, aadyathe 24-48 manikorinullil kettidam vrithiyaakkuka, eerppam niyanthrikkuka enniva ulppedunnu. pooppal neekkam cheyyumbol, uyarnna samrakshana nilavaaramulla enn-95 maaskukalo respiratorukalo shvasanavyavasthayilekku pooppal shwasikkunnathu thadayaan upayogikkanam. soppum vellavum, nerppicha bleach layani allengil vaanijya uthppannangal enniva upayogichu kadinamaaya prathalangalil ninnu pooppal neekkam cheyyaan kazhiyum.
manushyaavashishtangalumaayi nerittu sanbarkkam pulartthunna thozhilaallikalkk, rakthathiloode pakaruna virusukalumaayum baakteeriyakalumaayum anaavashyamaayi sanbarkkam pularthunnathu thadayunnathinu saarvathrika munkaruthalukal sweekarikkanam. prasakthamaaya pii. pii. iii. yill netra samrakshanam, mukhammoodiyo parichayo, kayyurakal enniva ulppedunnu. malaa-ooral malineekaranathiloodeyulla dahananaala anubaadhayaan pradhana aarogya apakadasaadhyatha, athinaal kaii shuchithvam prathirodhatthinu paramapradhaanamaanu. rogamukthi samayat maanasika sammarddam anubavikkunna thozhilaalikalkkum maanasikaarogya pinthuna labhyamakkanam.
vellappokkathil palappozhum baakteeriyakalum maalinyangalum raasavasthukkalum malinamaakunnu. eee vellavumayulla deerghakaala, nerittulla sanbarkkam charmma anubaadhaykkulla saadhyatha vardhippikkunnu, prathyekichu charmmatthil thuranna murivukaloo attopik dermatitis allengil psoriasis polulla muun charmma avasthayude charithramo undengil. rogaprathirodha samvidaanathilo praayamaayavarilo eee anubadhakal vardhikkunnu. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya bacteria anubadhakal saadhaaranayaayi staphylococcus, streptococcus ennivayilaanu. ettavum apoorvavum ennaal ariyappedunnathumaaya bacteria anubaadhakalilonn "vibrio vulnificus" ll ninnaan, ithu necrotising faasiyaittis enna apoorvavum ennaal palappozhum maarakavumaya anubaadhaykk kaaranamaakunnu.
mattu uppuvella "micobacterium" anubaadhakalil pathukke valarunna "emm" ulppedunnu. marinam "umm athivegam valarunna" emm. fortutum, "emm. chelona "," emm. alsar ". aeromonas hydrophila, melioidosisinu kaaranamakunna barkholderiya seudomalli, leptospirisinu kaaranamakunna leptospira interviewinukal, chromobacterium violesium enniva shudhajala bacteria anubaadhakalil ulppedunnu. fungus anubadhakal chromoblastomicosics, blastomicosis, mucormicosis, dermatophytosis ennivayilekku nayichekkaam. mattu niravadhi arthropod, protosoval, paraannabhojikal ennivayekkurichu vivarichittundu. oru thuranna murivu undengil vellam ozhivaakkunnathiloode oru thozhilaallikku vellappokkavumayi bandhapetta charmma anubaadhakalude saadhyatha kuraykkaan kazhiyum, allengil kuranjathu, thuranna murivu waterproof bandej upayogichu mooduka. vellappokkavumayi sanbarkkam undaayal, thuranna murivu soppum shudhajalavum upayogichu nannayi kazhukanam.
maanasika saamoohika exposureukal.
cdc parayunnathanusarichu, "adiyanthara prathikaranakkarkkulla sammarddathinte uravidangalil manushyarude kashtappaadukalkk saakshyam vahikkuka, vyakthiparamaaya doshasaadhyatha, theevramaaya jolibharam, jeevithavum maranavum sambandhicha theerumaanangal, kudumbatthil ninnu verpiriyal enniva ulppedaam."mayakkumarunnu durupayogavum maanasikaarogya sevanangalum (samsa) duranthanivaaranam nadathunnavarkku sammarda prathirodha, maanejment vibhavangal nalkunnu.
thozhiludamayude utharavaadithangal.
oru adiyanthara sahacharyam undaakumbol, shaareerikavum rasaparavum jaivaparavumaya exposure ulppedeyulla eathenkilum apakadasaadhyathayil ninnu undaakunna ellah doshangalil ninnum thozhiludamakal thozhilaallikale samrakshikkumennu pratheekshikkaam. oru thozhiludama adiyantharaavasthaykku munbulla pariseelanam nalkukayum oru adiyanthara karmapadhathi thayyarakkukayum venam.
adiyanthira saahacharyangalil jeevanakkaare avarude utharavaadithangalekkurum/allengil pravartthana padhathiyekkurichum ariyikkunnathinayi oru adiyanthira karmapadhathi nadappaakkunnathinu munbu thozhiludamakal avarude jeevanakkaare varsham thorum pariseelippikkanam. pariseelana paripaadiyil sambhavikkaavunna adiyantharaavasthakal, uchithamaaya prathikaranam, ozhippikkal nadapadikramangal, munnariyipp/reporting nadapadikramangal, adachupoottal nadapadikramangal enniva ulppeduthanam. jolisthalathinteyum thozhilshakthiyudeyum valuppam, upayogicha prakriyakal, kaikaaryam cheytha vasthukkal, labhyamaya vibhavangal, adiyanthiraavasthayil aaraan chumatala vahikkuka ennivaye aashrayich pariseelana aavasyakathakal vyathyasthamaan.
emarjansi aakshan plan poortthiyaaya sesham, thozhiludamayum jeevanakkarum padhathi shradhaapoorvvam avalokanam cheyyukayum ellaavarkkum prapyamaaya oru pothusthalathu poost cheyyukayum venam.
ghattangalum vyakthiparamaaya pravartthanangalum.
prathirodham, laghookaranam, thayyaareduppu, prathikaranam, veendedukkal enningane anchu gattangalaanu adiyanthara paripaalanatthil ulppedunnathu.
prathirodham.
aabhyanthara, anthardesheeya thalangalil prathirodha nadapadikal sweekarikkukayum duranthangalil ninnu sthiramaaya samrakshanam nalkunnathinaanu roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. nalla ozhippikkal padhathikal, paristhithi aasoothranam, roopakalppana maanadandangal ennivayiloode jeevan nashtappedunnathinum parikkukalkkum ulla saadhyatha kuraykkaan kazhiyum.
100 varshathe vellapokka nilavaarathinu mukalil kuranjathu rund adii muthal anchu adii vare nirmmikkuka, allengil 500 varshathe vellapokka uyarathilekku nirmmikkuka.
2005 januvariyil jappaanile heogoyile kobeyil nadanna duranthanivaaranam sambandhicha lokasammelanathil 168 sarkkarukal prakrithiduranthangalil ninnu lokathe surakshithamaakkunnathinaayi 10 varshathe padhathi sweekarichu, athinte phalangal hiogo chattakkood enna chattakkoodil sweekarichu.
laghookarana thanthram.
oru adiyantharaavasthayo duranthamo sambhavikkunnathin munbu sweekaricha sajeeva nadapadikaliloode apakadangalude prathyaaghaathangalum apakadasaadhyathakalum illaathaakkukayo kuraykkukayo cheiyunnavayaanu duranta laghookarana nadapadikal.
vividha tharatthilulla duranthangalkku prathirodha allengil laghookarana nadapadikal vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. bhookambasaadhyathayulla pradeshangalil, prakrithivaathaka vitharanam thalkshanam nirthalaakkaan bhookamba valve sthaapikkuka, bhoochalanathinte punarnirmmaanangal, oru kettidathinullile saadhanangal surakshithamaakkuka thudangiya gadanaaparamaaya mattangal eee prathirodha nadapadikalil ulppedaam. randaamathethil furnitureukal, rafrijarettarukal, vaattar heaterukal, chuvarukalil breakablukal enniva sthaapikkuka, kaabinat laachukal cherkkuka enniva ulppedaam. vellapokka saadhyathayulla pradeshangalil, veedukal stilttukalil nirmmikkam. deerghakaala vaidyuthi thadassappedaan saadhyathayulla pradeshangalil janarettar sthaapikkunnathu vaidyutha sevanathinte thudarcha urappaakkunnu. kodunkaattu nilavarakaludeyum veezhchakalkkulla abhayakendrangaludeyum nirmmaanam vyakthiparamaaya laghookarana pravartthanangalude kooduthal udaaharanangalaan.
chuzhalikkaattukal, chuzhalikkaattukal thudangiya theevramaaya kaattil ekadesham samboornna samrakshanam nalkunna oru shakthippeduthiya gadanayaanu saphe room.
oru janalo vaathilo thakarnnal, veedinullilekku varunna sammarda kaatt kaaranam melkoora pottitherikkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. ellah akathe vaathilukalum adaykkunnathu melkkoorayile shakti kuraykkunnu. chuzhalikkaatt, chuzhalikkaatt, chuzhalikkaatt ennivayil kaatt veeshunna vaathilukal, janalakal, melkkoorakal enniva kooduthal shakthamaan. chuzhalikkaatt rettucheytha garej vaathilukalum janaalakalil rolling, accordian shutterukalum kedupaadukal kuraykkum.
thayyaareduppukal.
oru durantham sambhavikkumbol upayogikkunnathinulla upakaranangalum nadapadikramangalum thayyarakkunnathil thayyaareduppu shradha kendreekarikkunnu. duranthatthinulla saadhyatha kuraykkunnathino duranthatthinte prathyaaghaathangal laghookarikkunnathino allengil adiyanthiraavasthayil kooduthal kaaryakshamamaayi prathikarikkunnathino upakaranangalum nadapadikramangalum upayogikkaam. yuu. ezz. federal emarjansi maanejment ejansi (fema) oru vrithaakrithiyilulla aasoothrana prakriyayil veendedukkalinodu prathikarikkunathinum laghookaranathilekku madangunnathinumulla thayyaareduppilekku ozhukunna thayyaareduppinte adisthaana naalu ghatta kaazhchappaad nirddeshichu. eee sarkkular, overlapping model mattu ejansikal parishkkarikkukayum emarjansi klaasukalil padippikkukayum academic pepparukalil charcha cheyyukayum cheythu.
jeevanteyum swathinteyum nashtam kuraykkunnathinu duranta-prathirodhasheshiyulla samoohangal srishtikkunnathil shradha kendreekarikkunna multy-apakada laghookarana maargganirddeshangal vikasippikkukayum nirmmikkukayum cheiyunna oru building sayans shaakhayum fema pravarthippikkunnu. bhakshya vitharana lineukal thadassappettaal chila adiyanthara avasyavasthukkal upayogichu veedukal thayyarakkan fema aalukalodu upadeshikkunnu. adiyanthara abhayavum ozhippikkalum nadappaakkunna samoohangalkku vitharanam cheiyunnathinaayi lakshakkanakkin freeze cheytha unakkiya bhakshanagal, kazhikkaan thayyaraya (emm. aarr. iii. ezz), vaangi eee aakasmikathaykk fema pinneedu thayyaaredutthu. vellam, bhakshanam, upakaranangal thudangiya vishayangalil collado samsthaanam gaarhika thayyaareduppinulla chila maargganirddeshangal oonlainil prasidheekarichu.
adiyanthara thayyaareduppukal alakkaan budhimuttaayirikkum. vividha alavukaliloodeyum moolyanirnnaya paripaadikaliloodeyum pothujanaarogya shramangalude falaprapti vilayiruthunnathil cdc shradha kendreekarikkunnu.
thayyaareduppu vairudhyam.
oru vyakthiyo samoohamo oru duranthatthino pakarchavyaadhikalkko duranthatthino vendi ethratholam thayyaaredukkunnuvo, aaa sambhavam eppol sambhavikkunnuvo athratholam dosham kurayum ennathaanu thayyaareduppu vairudhyam. kedupaadukal kuravaayathinaal, thayyaareduppu aavashyamaano ennu aalukal aashcharyappedunnu.
niravadhi vaijnjaanika pakshapaathangalum chila tharatthilulla duranthangalude savisheshathakalum duranta thayyaareduppine thadassappeduthiyekkaam
thayyaareduppukal.
vyakthigatha aalukal, sthalangal allengil sambhavangal ennivayil shradha kendreekarikkunnathu muthal vishalavum sarkkar adhishtithavumaaya "ellah apakadasaadhyathakalum" aasoothranam cheiyunnathuvare thayyaareduppu nadapadikalkku niravadhi roopangal edukkaam. ellah apakadangalum", vyakthigatha aasoothranavum thammil niravadhi thayyaareduppu ghattangalund, saadhaaranayaayi laghookaranathinteyum prathikarana aasoothranathinteyum chila samyojanam ulppedunnu. bisinesses thudarcha aasoothranam oru duranta veendedukkal padhathi undaayirikkaan bisinasukale prothsaahippikkunnu. community, vishwaasa adhishtitha oorganaiseshanukalude laghookarana sramangal feeld response teamukaleyum inter ejansi planningin prothsaahippikkunnu. school aasthaanamaayulla prathikarana teamukal live shootermar muthal gyaas chorcha, aduthulla baank kavarchakal vare ellaam ulkkollunnu. saibar akramanangalkkum kaattuveezhchakalkkumaayi vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangal padhathiyidunnu. kuthirappurangal, boat udamakal ennivarkkum athilereyum vyavasaya nirddishta maargganirddeshangal nilavilundu. nilavilundu oru sarveyil 19 sathamaanam american kudumbangalkk maathramaan oru duranthatthe neridaan thangal valare thayyaaraanenn thonniyathu.
thayyaareduppinu pinnile adisthaana vishayam oru adiyantharaavasthaykku thayyarakuka ennathaanu, eathu tharatthilulla bheeshanikalaanu nilanilkkunnathenn vilayiruthunnathinte adisthaanathil thayyarayirikkunnathil niravadhi vyathyastha vyathiyaanangalund. ennirunnaalum, oru pradeshatthinte prathyeka apakadangalkkidayilum thayyaareduppinulla adisthaana maargganirddeshangal saadhaaranamaanu. ellaavarkkum avarude kudumbathinaayi moonnu divasathe athijeevana kitt undaayirikkanamennu fema shupaarsha cheiyunnu. sariyaaya duranta vitharana kittinaayi sii. dii. sick svanthamaayi pattikayund.
kuttikaleppole, vaikalyamullavarkkum mattu prathyeka aavasyangalkumullavarkkum prathyeka adiyanthara thayyaareduppukal aavasyamaanu. vaikalyathe aashrayich, prathyeka adiyanthara thayyaareduppukal aavashyamaayi vannekkaam. vaikalyamullavarkkulla femayude nirddeshangalil kurippadikalude pakarppukal, motor veelcheyarukal polulla medical upakaranangalkkayi charge cheiyunna upakaranangal, oraazhchathekku eluppathil labhyamaya marunnukalude vitharanam allengil "goo stey kittil" enniva ulppedunnu. chila sandarbhangalil, engleeshile kazhivillaayma vyakthikalkkum prathikarikkunnavarkkum prathyeka thayyaareduppu aavashyakathakalilekkum ashayavinimaya shramangalilekkum nayichekkaam.
yunaittad stetts oorjja vakupp prasthaavikkunnath "veettudamakal, bisinesses udamakal, praadeshika nethaakkal ennivarkku oorjja thadassangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil sajeevamaaya punk vahikkendi vannekkaam."eee sajeevamaaya rolil portable allengil sthiramaayi gadippichathum propain allengil prakrithivaathakam allengil gasoline polulla indhanangalil pravarthikkunnathumaaya janarettarukal sthaapikkukayo mattu sambharana janarettarukal ulppeduthukayo cheythekkaam.
surakshithamaaya thaapanila nilanirthuka, life support samvidaanangalkku mathiyaya vaidyuthi nalkuka, angeyattatthe saahacharyangalil ozhippikkal nadatthuka enniva ulppede aashupathrikalkk prathikarikkendivannekna prathyeka adiyanthara thayyaareduppu prashnangale yunaittad stetts aarogya, manushya sevana vakupp abhisambodhana cheiyunnu. emarjansi response plan undaayirikkaan fema ellah bisinessukaleyum prothsaahippikkunnu, koodaathe cherukida bisinesses administration cherukida bisinesses udamakale adiyanthara thayyaareduppil shradha kendreekarikkaanum vividha varksheettukalum vibhavangalum nalkaanum prathyekamaayi upadeshikkunnu.
vividha saahacharyangalkulla adiyanthara vitharanathinum parisheelanathinum purame, duranthangal engane laghookarikkaam ennathinekkurichulla upadeshangalum fema nalkunnu. vellappokkathil ninnulla apakadangal kuraykkunnathinu oru veedu engane punarnirmmikkam, oru backflo prevention upakaranam sthaapikkuka, indhana taankukal nankooramiduka, electrical paanalukal maattuka enniva ulppedunna nirddeshangal ejansi nalkunnu. 
prakrithivaathaka chorcha moolamundaakunna spodanaathmaka apakadatthe kanakkileduthu, thayyaaraan.ellah kudumbamgangalum prakrithivaathakam engane nirthalaakkanamennu ariyendathu pradhaanamaan" ennum swath udamakal avarude prathyeka gyaas hookupukalkku aavashyamaaya eathenkilum prathyeka upakaranangal undennu urappakkanamennum sarkkar vyakthamaayi parayunnu. thayyaaraan.evide, engane vaidyuthi nirthalaakkanamennu utharavaadithamulla ellah kudumbamgangaleyum padippikkunnathu budhiparamaanu", pradhana sarkyoottin munbu vyakthigatha sarcuteukal nirthalaakkanamennu munnariyipp nalkikkond gavanment abhipraayappedunnu. thayyaaraan.ellah kudumbamgangalum pradhana house vaalvile vellam engane adaykkaamennu padikkendathu pradhaanamaan" ennum thurumbulla vaalvukalkk pakaram vaykkendivarumenna saadhyathayundennum gavanment parayunnu.
marupadi.
oru adiyantharaavasthayude prathikarana ghattam thirachililum rakshaapravarthanathilum aarambhikkaamenkilum ellah saahacharyangalilum shradha vegathil durithabaadhitharude adisthaana maanushika aavasyangal niravettunnathilekku tirikkum. deseeyamo anthardhesheeyo aaya ejansikalum samghadanakalum eee sahayam nalkaam. duranta sahayathinte phalapradamaaya ekopanam palappozhum nirnaayakamaan, prathyekichum pala samghadanakalum prathikarikkukayum praadeshika emarjansi maanejment ejansiyude (lema) sheshi aavasyakatha marikadakkukayo duranthathaal thanne kurayukayo cheyyumbol. praadeshika, samsthaana, federal, gotra thalangalile sarkkar udyogastharude utharavaadithangalum pratheekshakalum vishadeekarikkunna oru yunaittad stetts gavanment prasidheekaranamaanu deseeya prathikarana chattakkood. prathikaranatthinum veendedukkal prakriyaykkum sahaayikkunnathin poornnamaayo bhaagikamaayo samyojippikkaavunna adiyanthara pinthunaa pravarthanangalekkurichu ithu maargganirddesham nalkunnu.
prathyakshappetta saahacharyavumayi thayyaareduppu pravartthanangal poruthappedumbozhaanu prathikarana ghattam. duranthanirnnayam valare pradhaanamaanengilum, padhathikal apoorvvamaayi maathrame saahacharyavumayi krithyamaayi poruthappedunnulloo, athinaal padhathikal sweekarikkendathundu. udaaharanathinu, pala vimaanakkambanikalkkum duranta padhathikalundengilum, avayil mikathum avar pathivayi upayogikkunna oru vimaanathaavalathil oru durantham sambhavikkumennum anumaanikkunnu. parvathangalilo samudrathilo vimanapakadam neridendathundenkil padhathi sweekarikkum.
vyakthiparamaaya thalatthil prathikaranam onnukil oru shelter-inn-plays allengil ozhippikkal roopamedukkum. oru shelter-inn-plays saahacharyathil, oru kudumbavum oru tharatthilulla baahya pinthunayumillaathe niravadhi divasathekku avarude veettil svayam prathirodhikkaan thayyarakum. oru ozhippikkalil, oru kudumbam automobililo mattu gathagatha maarggangalilo pradesham vidunnu, orupakshe abhayathinulla oru koodaaram ulppede avarkk kondupokaan kazhiyunna paramavadhi saadhanangal avarodoppam kondupookunnu. mechanical gathagatham labhyamallengil, kuranjathu moonnu divasathe saadhanangalum mazhakkadiyillaatha kidakkakalum, oru tharpolin, puthappukalude oru kattilum kondupokaan kaalnadayaayi ozhippikkal anuyojyamaanu.
samghaditha prathikaranatthil ozhippikkal nadapadikal, thirachil, rakshaapravarthanangal, mattu adiyanthara sevanangal nalkal, adisthaana aavasyangal nalkal, nirnaayaka adisthaana soukaryangalude veendedukkal allengil adhock pakarakkaaran enniva ulppedunnu. eee aavasyangalkkaayi niravadhi saankethikavidyakal upayogikkunnu.
eee kaalayalavil, prathyekichu praadeshika sheshi vardhippikkunna valia duranthangalkku, palappozhum sambhavanakal thedunnu. vanchana ozhivaakkukayaanenkil, karyakshamatha kaaranam, panam palappozhum ettavum chelavu kuranja sambhaavanayaan. panavum ettavum vazhakkamullathaan, saadhanangal praadeshikamaayi uravidamaakkukayaanenkil gathagatham kuraykkukayum praadeshika sambadvyavasthaye shakthippeduthukayum cheiyunnu. chila daathaakkal sammanangal ayaykkaan eshtappedunnu, ennirunnaalum eee enangal sahayikkunnathinupakaram prasnangal srishtikkum. oru sambhavana registry upayogikkuka ennathaanu oru kandupidutham, avide durantham baadhicha kudumbangalkkum bisinasukalkkum prathyeka abhyarthanakal nadatthaan kazhiyum, athu vidoora daathaakkalkku oru websait vazhi nerittu vaangaan kazhiyum.
duranthatthinteyum dvitheeyafalangaludeyum tharatthe adisthaanamaakki medical parigananakal valareyadhikam vyathyaasappedum. murivukal, pollalukal, mungimaranathinaduthulla murivukal, allengil krash syndrome enniva ulppede athijeevichavarkku niravadhi parikkukal undaayekkaam.
theepidutthatthilum valia thothilulla duranthangalilum pothujanagalkkidayil paribhraanthiyude kuravum chilappol apakadakaramaaya nishedhavum prathikaranatthinte abhavavum vyakthamaaya munnariyipp adayaalangalude yukthisahamakkalum undennu amanda ripley choondikkaanikkunnu. ithu palappozhum praadeshikamo deseeyamo aaya swabhaavathinu kaaranamakunnuvennum ennaal saarvathrikamaanennu thonnunnuvennum signalukalkku oduvil mathiyaya shradha labhikkumbol saadhaaranayaayi aduthulla aalukalumayi koodiyaalochanakal nadathumennum avar parayunnu. duranthatthe athijeevichavar munnariyipp adayaalangal thirichariyaanum prathikarikkaan parisheelippikkaanum ellaavareyum parisheelippikkanamenn vaadikkunnu.
veendedukkal.
manushyajeevanu nereyulla bheeshani kuranjathinu sheshamaan veendedukkal ghattam aarambhikkunnath. badhita pradesham ethrayum vegam saadhaarana nilayilekku konduvarika ennathaanu veendedukkal ghattatthinte udanadi lakshyam. punarnirmmaana samayat, vasthuvinte sthaanam allengil nirmmaana saamagrikal pariganikkaan shupaarsha cheiyunnu.
ettavum kadutha veettuthadankalile saahacharyangalil yuddham, shaamam, gurutharamaaya pakarchavyaadhikal enniva ulppedunnu, ithu oru varshamo athil kooduthalo neendunilkkum. appol veedinullil veendedukkal nadakkum. eee paripaadikalude aasoothrakar saadhaaranayaayi bulk bhakshanangalum uchithamaaya sambharanavum thayyaareduppinulla upakaranangalum vaangukayum saadhaarana jeevithathinte bhaagamaayi bhakshanam kazhikkukayum cheiyunnu. vitaamin gulikakal, dhaanya gothamb, beans, unakkiya paal, cholam, paachaka enna ennivayil ninnu lalithamaaya santhulithamaaya bhakshanakramam nirmmikkam. pachakkarikal, pazhangal, sugandhavyanjanagal, maamsam enniva thayyarakkiyathum puthiyathumaayava saadhyamaakumbol ulppeduthunnu.
manashaasthraparamaaya pradhamashushroosha.
oru duranthatthinu thottupinnaale, duranthabaadhithare neridunnathinum veendedukkunnathinum sahaayikkunnathin pariseelanam labhicha saadhaaranakkaar manashaasthraparamaaya pradhamashushroosha nalkunnu. pariseelanam labhicha thozhilaallikal praayogika pinthuna, bhakshanavum vellavum polulla adisthaana aavasyangal urappakkunnathinulla sahayam, aavashyamaaya vivarangalilekkum sevanangalilekkum referralukal enniva vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. psychological pradhamashushroosha medical pradhamashushrooshaykku samaanamaan, athil daathaakkal licensulla klinishyanmaaraakendathil. ithu cycotherapy, kaunsiling allengil debriefing allah. saamoohikavum shaareerikavum vaikarikavumaaya pinthuna nalkikkond, pratheekshayullathum shaanthavum surakshithavumaya anthareeksham srishtikkunnathiloode, thangaleyum avarude samoohangaleyum sahayikkaan avare praaptharaakkunnathiloode deerghakaala veendedukkalil aalukale sahayikkuka ennathaanu manashaasthraparamaaya pradhamashushrooshayude lakshyam.
aadyam prathikarikkunnavar maanasikaarogyathe palappozhum avaganikkunnuvennu gaveshanangal parayunnu. durantham baadhichavaril shaashvathamaaya maanasika prathyaaghaathangal undaakkum. duranthathekkurichulla avarude vaikaarika anubavangal prosess cheiyunnathil vyakthikale pinthunaykkumbol ithu prathirodhasheshi vardhippikkunnathilkum prathisandhikaliloode mattullavare sahayikkaanulla sheshi vardhippikkunnathilkum samoohathinte edapedal vardhippikkunnathilkum nayikkunnu. vaikaarika anubhavangalude prakriya koottaaya reethiyil nadathumbol, ithu duranthathetthudarnnu kooduthal aikyadaardyathilekku nayikkunnu. athinaal, vaikaarika anubhavagalkk avaykkullil antharleenamaaya poruthappedutthal undu, ennirunnaalum eee valarcha sambhavikkunnathin iva prathifalippikkaanum prosess cheyyaanumulla avasaram aavasyamaanu.
manashaasthraparamaaya thayyaareduppu oru tharam adiyanthara thayyaareduppaanu, koodaathe maanasikaarogya professionalukaayi redu cross polulla samghadanakal prathyeka maanasikaarogya thayyaareduppu vibhavangal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. oru durantham baadhicha community amgangaleyum avare sevikkunna duranta thozhilaallikaleyum pinthunaykkunnathinaanu eee maanasikaarogya thayyaareduppu vibhavangal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. oru duranthatheyo aaghaathakaramaaya sambhavatheyo neridaan sii. dii. sick oru websait undu. atharamoru sambhavathin sesham, cdc, mayakkumarunnu durupayogam, maanasikaarogya sevana administration (samsa) vazhi, amithamaya uthkanda, idaykkide karachil, prakopanam, kopam, idaykkide tharkkam enniva polulla lakshanagal prakadippikkumbol aalukal maanasika sahayam thedendathundennu nirddeshikkunnu, mikka samayathum ottaykkirikkaan aagrahikkuka, uthkandayo bhayamo thonnuka, dukkham kondu amithamaayi, aashayakkuzhappathilakuka, vyakthamaayi chinthikkaanum shradha kendreekarikkaanum budhimuttu, theerumaanangal edukkaan budhimuttu, madyavum koodaathe/allengil laharivasthukkalude upayogam vardhikkuka, thalavedana, "njarambukal" polulla vardhicha shaareerika (vedana, vedana) paraathikal.
oru thozhilaayi.
professional emarjansi maanejarmarkk sarkkaarinteyum samoohathinteyum thayyaareduppilo swakaarya bisinus thayyaareduppilo shradha kendreekarikkaan kazhiyum. praadeshika, samsthaana, federal, swakaarya samghadanakal nalkunna pariseelanam pothu vivarangalum maadyama bandhangalum muthal uyarnna thalatthilulla sambhava command, thanthraparamaaya kazhivukal vare ulkkollunnu.
munkaalangalil, adiyantharaavastha kaikaaryam cheiyunna mekhalayil kooduthalum sainika allengil aadya prathikarana pashchaathalamulla aalukalaanu. vividha pashchaathalangalil ninnulla niravadhi maanejarmaar varunna eee mekhala vaividhyapoornamaayi. emarjansi maanejmentilo anubandha mekhalayilo biruda, biruda birudangal aagrahikkunnavarkk vidyaabhyaasa avasarangal vardhichukondirikkanu. emarjansi maanejmentumaayi bandhapetta prograamukalulla 180-ladhikam schoolukal usilundu, ennaal emarjansi maanejmentil prathyekamaayi oru doctoral prograam maathrameyulloo.
professional maanadandangal eee mekhalayiludaneelam, prathyekichu amerikkayil uyarnnuvarunnathinaal certified emarjansi maanejar (sii. iii. emm), certified bisinus condinuity professional (sii. bii. sii. pii) thudangiya professional certificationukal kooduthal saadhaaranamaayikkondirikku. deseeya emarjansi maanejment association, internaashanal association oof emarjansi maanejarmaar thudangiya emarjansi maanejarmaarkkaayi professional oorganaiseshanukalum undu.
memory sthaapanangalum saamskaarika swathum.
memory sthaapanangalil ninnulla professionalukal (udha.jii.myoosiyangal, charitraparamaaya samoohangal muthalaayava.) saamskaarika paithrikam-vasthukkalum rekhakalum samrakshikkunnathinaayi samarppichirikkunnu. 2001 septambar septambar akramanangal, sthaapikkappettu chuzhalikkaattukal, koloon aarkkaivukalude thakarcha ennivayethudarnnu uyarnna avabodhathinte falamaayi emarjansi maanejment mekhalayil ithu oru pradhana gadakamaayi vardhichuvarikayaanu.
anthaaraashtra samghadanakal.
aikyaraashtrasabhayude samvidaanam badhikkappetta raajyathinullile resident kordinettarilaanu. ennirunnaalum, praayogikamaayi, durithabaadhitha raajyathinte gavanmentinte abhyarthanaykku marupadiyaayi oru yuu. enn. duranthanivaarana, ekopana (yuu. enn. dii. eiii. sii) teamine vinyasichukondu maanushika kaaryangalude ekopanathinaayi (yuu. enn. oo. sii. eiii) yuu. enn. oafees yuu. enn. prathikaranam ekopippikkum. oduvil upagraha saankethikavidyayude prayogatthiloode duranthanivaaranam pinthunaykkunnathinaayi oru networking habbai roopakalppana cheytha ann-spider
anthaaraashtra veendedukkal plaattphom.
anthaaraashtra samghadanakal, deseeya, praadeshika sarkkarukal, duranthanivaaranathil earppettirikkunna sarkkarithara samghadanakal ennivayude samyuktha samrambhamaan anthaaraashtra veendedukkal plaattphom (aii. aarr. pii).
2005ll jappaanile kobeyil nadanna duranthanivaaranam sambandhicha randaamathe yuu. enn. lokasammelanathinu (dablyu. sii. dii. aarr) sesham, duranthaananthara veendedukkalinte pashchaathalatthil anubhavappedunna vidavukalum parimithikalum abhisambodhana cheythukondu hyogo framework phoor aakshan (echu. eph. eiii) nadappaakkunnathine pinthunaykkunnathinaayi aii. aarr. pii sthaapichu. nalla veendedukkal parisheelanathekkurichulla arivinte anthaaraashtra srotassaayi oru pathittaand pravarthichathinu sesham, duranthasaadhyatha kuraykkunnathinulla sendaay chattakkoodil eduthukaanikkunna kooduthal prathyeka punk vahikkunnathil irp ippol shradha kendreekarikkunnu.
anthaaraashtra redu cross, redu krasant prasthaanam.
internaashanal federation oof redu cross aandu redu krasant sosaittikal (ifrc) adiyantharaavasthakalodu prathikarikkunnathil deseeya redu cross, redu krasant sosaittikalumaayi chernnu pravartthikkunnu, palappozhum ithu oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu. koodaathe, aii. eph. aarr. sii. moolyanirnnaya samghangale vinyasichekkaam, udha.jii. deseeya samooham aavasyappettaal feeld asasment aandu coordination teamukal (vastutha) badhita raajyathekku. aavasyangal vilayiruthiya sesham, emarjansi response unitukal (iras) badhita raajyatho pradeshatho vinyasikkaam. emarjansi maanejment chattakkoodile prathikarana gadakathil avarkk vaidagdhyamundu.
locabank.
1980 muthal, locabank duranthanivaaranavumaayi bandhapetta 500-ladhikam padhathikalkku amgeekaaram nalkiyittundu, duranthanivaaranam, punarnirmmaanam enniva kaikaaryam cheiyunnu, ithu 40 bilyan dollariladhikam varum. arjanteena, bangladesh, columbia, haitti, india, meksikoo, turkey, vietnaam, syria thudangiya rajyangalil lokamembaadum eee padhathikal nadannittundu.
prathirodha, laghookarana padhathikalil neratheyulla munnariyipp nadapadikalum vidyaabhyaasa prachaaranangalum polulla kaattuthee prathirodha nadapadikal ulppedunnu; chuzhalikkattukalkkulla neratheyulla munnariyipp samvidaanangal; vellapokka prathirodha samvidaanangal (udha.jii. theera samrakshanam, terressing muthalaayava.); bhookambasaadhyathayulla nirmmanavum. columbo sarvakalaashaalayumaayulla samyuktha samrambhathil provention kansorshyam padhathiyude kudakkeezhil locabank prakrithi duranta hotspottukalekkuri aagola apakadasaadhyatha vishakalanam sthaapichu.
2006 juunil locabank, echu. eph. eiii. yude prathikaranamaayi, duranta nashtam kuraykkunnathinaayi mattu sahaaya daathaakkalumaayi pankaalitthatthode duranthanivaaranam, veendedukkal (jii. eph. dii. aarr. aarr) ennivaykkulla aagola soukaryam sthaapichu. duranthanivaaranathinum adiyanthara thayyaareduppinum praadeshika sheshi vardhippikkunna vikasana padhathikalkkum paripaadikalkkum dhanasahayam nalkaan vikaswara raajyangale jii. eph. dii. aarr. aarr sahayikkunnu.
europian union.
maanushika sahaayathin dhanasahayam nalkunnathinupurame, europian kammeeshante dayaraktarettu general phoor europian sivil protection aandu humanitarian aid ooppareshans (dii. jii-ikko) europileyum athinappuratheyum duranthangalodulla prathikaranam ekopippikkunnathinulla europian union sivil protection mekkaanisathinte chumatala vahikkunnu, koodaathe kuranjathu 75 shathamaanamenkilum sambhavana cheiyunnu. 2001 ll sthaapithamaaya eee samvidaanam europiludaneelamulla deseeya poura samrakshana adhikaarikal thammilulla sahakaranm valarthunnu. nilavil 34 raajyangalum eee samvidaanathil amgangalaanu; island, norway, serbia, north macedonia, montenegro, turkey, bosnia, hersegovina ennivaykku purame 27 europian union amgaraajyangalum. europilum mattidangalilum prakrithi duranthangalkku irayaayavarkku pankedukkunna samsthaanangalil ninnu ekopitha sahayam nalkunnathinaayi eee samvidaanam roopeekarichu.
internaashanal association oof emarjansi maanejarmaar.
adiyanthara saahacharyangalil jeevan rakshikkunnathum swath samrakshanavum lakshyamidunna laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna oru vidyaabhyaasa samghadanayaanu internaashanal association oof emarjansi managers (iaem). vivarangal, networking, professional avasarangal enniva nalkikkond amgangale sevikkuka, emarjansi maanejment thozhil munnott kondupookuka ennivayaanu aii. eiii. iii. emminte dauthyam.
lokamembaadum ezhu kaunsilukalundu eshya, canada, europe, internaashanal, ooshyaaniya, studant, yuu. ezz.
deseeya samghadanakal.
austreliya.
prakrithi duranthangal australiyayile jeevithathinte bhagamaanu. irupathaam noottaandile mattethoru prakrithi duranthathekkaalum kooduthal oostreliyakkaare choodu thiramaalakal konnu. oostreliyayude adiyanthara maanejment prakriyakal thayyarakkiya samooham enna ashayam ulkkollunnu. ithu nedunnathinulla pradhana sarkkar ejansi emarjansi maanejment australiyayaanu.
canada.
kaanadayude deseeya emarjansi maanejment ejansiyaanu pothu suraksha canada. pothu suraksha canada (pii. ezz. sii) federal oorganaiseshanukalude shramangale ekopippikkukayum pinthunaykkukayum federal adikaaraparidhiyil varunna kurachu bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradeshangalil (federal bhoomi polullava) adiyanthara maanejmentinu melnottam vahikkukayum cheiyunnu. oru pravishya allengil praadeshika gavanmentinte abhyarthana prakaram, duranthangalude ekopanathinum maanejmentinum pii. ezz. sii. kku sahayikkaan kazhiyum. kaanadayile mikkavarum ellah adiyanthara maanejmentukalum praadeshika, pravishya, praadeshika thalangalilaanu kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu. mikka pravarthanangalkkum munisippaalittikalude mail pravisyakalkku prathyeka adhikaraparidhi nalkunna canaden bharanaghadanayude falamaanithu, ithu adiyanthara maanejmentine upa-deseeya sarkkaarinte praadhamika utharavaadithamaakki maattunnu. pothusurakshayum adiyanthara thayyaareduppum niyamam" (ezz. sii. 2005, sii. 10) pii. ezz. siyude adikaarangal, kadamakal, pravartthanangal enniva nirvachikkunnu.
chaina.
emarjansi maanejment mantraalayam edukkunna level II prakrithi duranthangal ozhikeyulla level I, level II pothu adiyanthara sambhavangalkk peeples republic oof chainayude stettu kaunsil utharavaadiyaanu. level III, IV prakrithi duranthangal allatha pothu adiyanthara sambhavangal pravishya, prefectural sarkkaarukalaan edukkunnathu. level I, level IV prakrithi duranthangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu duranthanivaaranam sambandhicha deseeya samitiyum level II, level III prakrithi duranthangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu adiyanthara maanejment manthraalayavumaanu.
jarmmani.
germmaniyil federal gavanment niyanthrikkunnath jarmman "catestrophenshuts" (duranthanivaaranam), technishes hilfswork ("saankethika durithaashwaasathinulla federal ejansi", thw), "sivil protection aant disaastar asisttans federal oafees" ekopippikkunna "sivilshutts" (sivil protection) prograamukalaan. praadeshika agnishamana seena unitukal, jarmman sayudha seena (bundeswer), jarmman federal police, 16 samsthaana police senakal (landerpolisy) ennivayum duranta nivaarana pravarthanangalil vinyasichittund.
adiyanthara durithaashwaasa pravartthanangal kaikaaryam cheiyunna niravadhi swakaarya samghadanakalum germmaniyil undu. ivayil jarmman redu cross, johanitar-anfaal-hilf (sent ennathinu thulyamaaya jarmman cross) enniva ulppedunnu. joonn ambulance), maltieser-hilfsdienst, aarbittar-saamaarittar-bund. 2006 leeii kanakkanusarichu, radio amachwarmaar pathivayi parisheelanathodoppam adhika adiyanthara ashayavinimaya shringalakal nalkunna oru pinthunaa pravartthanamenna nilayil "duranta nivaaranatthilum apakadasaadhyatha bharanathilum birudam" nedunnathilekku nayikkunna oru patana paripadi boonn sarvakalashaalayil undu.
india.
duranta nivaaranathinulla aasoothranathinum sheshi vardhippikkunnathinumala utharavaadithamulla praadhamika sarkkar ejansiyaanu deseeya duranta nivaarana authority. ithinte oonnal praadhamikamaayi thanthraparamaaya apakadasaadhyatha kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum laghookarikkunnathinum nayangalum aasoothranavum vikasippikkunnathinum aanu. duranthangal laghookarikkunnathinum prathisandhi prathikaranam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinumulla maarganirddeshangalum pariseelana paripaadikalum vikasippikkunnathinulla oru nayachintakanum pariseelana sthaapanavumaanu naashanal instittyoott oof disaastar maanejment.
prakrithi duranthangalilum manushyanirmmitha duranthangalilum thirachil, raksha, punaradhivasam ennivayil prathyeka vaidagdhyamulla sarkkar ejansiyaanu deseeya duranta prathikarana seena. bhouma shaasthranjarudeyum kalavastha shaasthranjarudeyum vaidagdhyam adiyanthara maanejmentilekku konduvarunna oru ejansiyum shaasthra saankethika manthraalayathil undu. duranthangalkku sheshamulla rakshaapravarthanangalilum veendedukkal pravarthanangalilum indian sayudha seena oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu.
indiayile mumbaiyile laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna oru samghadanayaanu anirudhayude akkadami oof disaastar maanejment (aadm), athinte pradhana lakshyamaanu "disaastar maanejment".
jappan.
jappaanile adiyanthara paripaalanathinu neethrthwam nalkunnathu kendra duranta nivaarana kaunsilaanu. valare kendreekrithamaaya oru samvidaanamaayathinaal, thaazhnna thalatthilulla gavanmentinte adiyanthara maanejment pravartthanangal nayikkunnathil jappaanile kendra duranta nivaarana kaunsilinu ganyamaaya pankundu. jappaanile aabhyantharakaarya, vaarthaavinimaya manthraalayavumaayi bandhapetta deseeya adiyanthara maanejment ejansiyaanu fayar aandu disaastar maanejment ejansi (eph. dii. emm. eiii).
maleshya.
malaysiayil, deseeya duranta nivaarana ejansiyaanu (nadma maleshya) duranthanivaaranam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinte kendrabindu. kendrabindu vellappokkathethudar 2015 october october pradhaanamanthriyude vakuppinu keezhil sthaapithamaaya ithu deseeya suraksha kaunsilil ninnu ettedukkukayum cheythu. aabhyanthara mantraalayam, aarogya mantraalayam, bhawana, nagara kshemam, praadeshika sarkkar ennivayum adiyantharaavasthakal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinte utharavaadithamullavayaanu. royal malaysian police, malaysian fayar aandu rescue department, malaysian sivil defense fozhsu, malaysian aarogya mantraalayam, malaysian maaridaim enfozhsment ejansi ennivayaanu adiyanthara maanejmentil earppettirikkunna niravadhi ejansikal. adiyanthara/duranthanivaaranathil earppettirikkunna sent. ezz. tii. thudangiya chila sannadhasamghadanakalum undaayirunnu. joonn ambulance oof malaysia malaysian redu krasant sosaittiyum.
neppaal.
neppaal risk reduction kansorshyam (enn. aarr. aarr. sii) hyogoyude chattakodineyum duranthasaadhyatha kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla neppaalinte deseeya thanthratheyum adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. eee krameekaranam neppaal sarkkaarumaayi maanushika, vikasana pankaalikale onnippikkukayum susthira duranthasaadhyatha maanejmentinaayi anchu munnira mungananakal thirichariyukayum cheythu.
netherlands.
netherlandsil, deseeya thalatthil adiyanthara thayyaareduppinum adiyanthara maanejmentinum utharavaadithamulla neethinyaaya, suraksha manthraalayamaanu oru deseeya prathisandhi kendram (enn. sii. sii) pravarthippikkunnathu. raajyathe 25 suraksha mekhalakalaayi thirichirikkunnu. oru suraksha mekhalayil naalu gadakangalunda regional fayar department, regional department phoor medical cair (ambulansukal, saiko-soshyolajikkal cair muthalaayava).), regional dispatch risk-aandu crisis maanejmentinulla oru vibhaagavum. police, agnishamana vakupp, praadeshika medical cair ennivaykkaayi praadeshika dispatch pravartthikkunnu. oru sambhavathino adiyanthira saahacharyathino ettavum mikacha multy-coordinated prathikaranatthinaayi eee moonnu sevanangalum oru reespaachaayi samyojippichirikkunnu. koodaathe vivara maanejment, emarjansi communication, pouranmaarude paricharanam enniva sugamamakkunnu. eee sevanangalaan adiyanthira saahacharyangalodulla prathikaranatthinulla pradhana ghadana. oru prathyeka adiyantharaavasthaykku, prathirodha mantraalayam, vaattar board (kall) allengil rijks waatarstaatt polulla mattoru sevanavumaayulla sahakaranm aavashyamaayi vannekkaam. suraksha mekhalaykku eee mattu sevanangale pravartthanaparamo bharanaparamo aaya thalatthilulla nirddishta konfaransukalil cherthu avayude ghadanayil samyojippikkaan kazhiyum.
ellah pradeshangalum ekopitha praadeshika sambhava maanejment samvidaanathinu anusrithamaayi pravartthikkunnu.
nyoosilaand.
nyoosilandil, adiyantharaavastha/duranthatthinte vyaapthi anusarichu praadeshika thalatthilo deseeya thalatthilo utharavaaditham kaikaaryam cheyyaam. oro mekhalayilum praadeshika gavanmentukal 16 sivil defense emarjansi maanejment grouppukalaayi (sii. emm. jii. ezz) samghadippikkappedunnu. praadeshika krameekaranangal amithamaanengil, munkootty nilaninnirunna paraspara pinthuna krameekaranangal sajeevamakkum. sivil defense aandu emarjansi maanejment mantraalayam (emm. sii. dii. emm) nadathunna deseeya prathisandhi maanejment sentar (enn. sii. emm. sii) vazhi prathikaranam ekopippikkaan kendra sarkkaarin adhikaaramund. eee gadanakale niyanthranathaal nirvachikkukayum "deseeya sivil defense emarjansi maanejment plan 2006-nulla guidil" vishadeekarikkukayum cheythu, ithu ekadesham yuu. esinu thulyamaanu.ezz. federal emarjansi maanejment ejansiyude deseeya prathikarana chattakkood.
nyoosiland emarjansi maanejmentinaayi savisheshamaaya padangal upayogikkunnu. emarjansi maanejment apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkunnulloo, pala sarkkar prasidheekaranangalum sivil defense enna padam nilanirthunnu. udaaharanathinu, sivil prathirodha mantriyaanu emm. sii. dii. emminte utharavaaditham. sivil defense emarjansi maanejment ennathu niyamaprakaaram nirvachikkapetta oru padamaanu. audyogika prasidheekaranangalil "duranta" enna padam apoorvvamaayi maathrame kaanappedunnulloo; "emarjansi", "insidant" ennivayaanu mungananayulla padangal, ivant enna padavum upayogikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, prasidheekaranangal 2002 leeii kaantarbari snow evantine paraamarsikkunnu.
"nyoosilandil upayogikkunna emarjansi maanejment saikkilaan "4 rs", athinte naalu gattangal reduction, redidency, response, recovery ennariyappedunnu.
pakistan.
paakkisthaanile duranthanivaaranam vellapokka duranthangale chuttippattiyaan, koodaathe rakshaapravarthanathilum durithaashwaasathilum shradha kendreekarikkunnu.
raajyavyaapakamaayi vellapokka niyanthrana prasnangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi 1977 ll jala, oorjja manthraalayathinu keezhil federal flood kammeeshan sthaapikkappettu.
sthaapikkappettu kashmeer bhookambathinum bhookambathinum paakistaan vellappokkathinum sesham duranthanivaaranam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi deseeya duranthanivaarana oordinans, 2006,2010 deseeya duranthanivaarana niyamam enniva nilavil vannu. raajyathe duranthangalude muzhuvan spectravum kaikaaryam cheyyaanum avaa kaikaaryam cheyyaanum nirbandhithamaaya praadhamika kendra authority deseeya duranta nivaarana authorityaanu.
koodaathe, faatta, gilgit baltistan, paakistaan bharanathilulla kashmeer ennivaykkoppam oro pravisyaykkum pravisyayil duranthanivaaranathinulla nayangalum padhathikalum nadappaakkunnathinte utharavaaditham svanthamaayi pravishya duranthanivaarana authorityundu.
duranthanivaaranathinaayi aasoothranam cheiyunnathinum ekopippikkunnathinum nadappaakkunnathinum oro jillaykkum athintethaaya jilla duranthanivaarana authority undu, koodaathe deseeya authorityum pravishya authorityum nischayichittulla maarganirddeshangalkkunnathu jillakalile duranthanivaarana aavasyangalkkaayi ellah nadapadikalum sweekarikkunnu.
phillippeans.
philippeensil, duranthangalilo adiyanthira saahacharyangalilo aalukalude samrakshanathinum shemathinum deseeya duranthasaadhyatha kuraykkal, maanejment kaunsil utharavaadiyaanu. republic oof phillippeans gavanmentinte vividha sarkkar, sarkkarithara, sivil mekhala, swakaarya mekhala samghadanakal ulkkollunna oru pravartthaka samghamaanithu. deseeya prathirodha sekrattariyude neethrthwathil (sivil defense offeesinu keezhil, enn. dii. aarr. emm. sii nadappaakkunna samghadana), ithu sarkkaarinte ellah executive shaakhakalum, raajyathudaneelamulla praadeshika sarkkar yoonittukalude leegukalude prasidantumaarum, philippainsinte sayudha senakalum, philippain deseeya police, beuro oof fayar protection (aabhyanthara, praadeshika sarkkar vakuppinu keezhilulla oru ejansiyaanu), prakrithi, manushyanirmmitha duranthangalodu prathikarikkunnathil pothu, swakaarya medical sevanangalum, utharavaadithamulla eee yoonittukalude aasoothranam, ekopanam, pariseelanam enniva ekopippikkunnu. phillippeans redu cross polulla sarkkarithara samghadanakalum enn. dii. aarr. emm. sii. kku manushyasakthiyum bhauthika pinthunayum nalkunnu.
russia.
russiayil, adiyanthara saahacharyangalude mantraalayam (emercom) prakrithidathavum manushyanirmmithavumaya duranthangalkku sesham agnishamana, sivil prathirodham, thirachil, raksha ennivayil earppettirikkunnu.
somalia.
somaliayil, aabhyanthara mantraalayam aadyam nirddeshicha oru puthiya somali duranta nivaarana ejansiyude (ezz. dii. emm. eiii) karadu niyamanirmmaanathinu manthrisabha amgeekaaram nalkiyathaayi 2013 meyy maasathil federal sarkkar prakhyaapichu. pradhaanamanthriyude maadyama oafees parayunnathanusarichu, vividha prakrithi duranthangalodulla sarkkaarinte prathikaranatthinu ezz. dii. emm. eiii neethrthwam nalkukayum ekopippikkukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe deseeya sthaapanangal punasthaapikkunnathinulla federal adhikaarikalude vishalamaaya shramathinte bhaagamaanith. eathenkilum bhedagathikalkku sesham amgeekaarathinaayi nirddishta billinekurichu federal paarlament ippol charcha cheiyumennu prathekshikkunnu.
turkey.
ellaatharam duranthangaleyum adiyanthara saahacharyangaleyum neridunnathinaayi 2009 ll disaastar aandu emarjansi maanejment presidency sthaapithamaayi. samghadanakalude aasthaanam ankaarayilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
raajyavyaapakamaayi turkeyile phalapradamaaya adiyanthara paripaalanatthinum poura samrakshanathinum aavashyamaaya nadapadikal kaikkollunnathinanu eee samghadana sthaapithamaayathu. thayyaareduppu, laghookaranam, apakadasaadhyatha kaikaaryam cheyyal, prathikaranam polulla apakadasamayathe jolikal, veendedukkal, punarnirmmaanam thudangiya apakadaananthara jolikal enniva presidency nadathunnu. afad turkey aabhyanthara manthraalayathinu report cheiyunnu.
oru duranthatthilum adiyantharaavasthayilum afad maathramaan utharavaadithamulla eaka samghadana.
yunaittad kingdom.
athe varsham thanne 2000 indhana prathishedhangaleyum kadutha vellappokkatheyum 2001 leeii kaalnada prathisandhiyeyum thudarnnu yunaittad kingdom sivil kandeenjansi act 2004 (cca) pasaki. sii. sii. eiii chila samghadanakale kattagari 1,2 prathikarikkunnavarayi nirvachikkukayum adiyanthara thayyaareduppum prathikaranavum sambandhicha utharavaadithangal nischayikkukayum cheythu. praadeshika prathirodha forangaliloodeyum praadeshika adhikaarikaliloodeyum sivil aakasmika sekratteriyattaanu ithu niyanthrikkunnath.
duranthanivaarana pariseelanam saadhaaranayaayi praadeshika thalatthil nadathukayum emarjansi planning collegil edukkaavunna professional kozhsukaliloode ekeekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. raajyathudaneelamulla sarvakalaashaalakalil diplomakal, biruda, birudaananthara yogyathakal nedaam. sarkkar, maadyamangal, vaanijya mekhalakal ennivaykku consulting sevanangal nalkunna 1996 ll sthaapithamaaya oru chaarittiyaan instittyoott oof emarjansi maanejment. emarjansi planning sosaittiyum instittyoott oof sivil protection aandu emarjansi maanejmentum ulppede emarjansi planermarkayi niravadhi professional sosaittikalund.
2007 meyy 20 nuu vadakkan irelandile belfaastinu sameepam belfast anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalathil oru simulated vimanam crash-landing enna peril yukeyile ettavum valia adiyanthara abhyaasangalilonn nadannu. anchu aashupathrikalil ninnum moonnu vimaanathavalangalil ninnumulla jeevanakkar abhyaasathil pankedukkukayum 150 oolam anthaaraashtra nireekshakar athinte falaprapti vilayiruthukayum cheythu.
america.
amerikkayil, ellah duranthangalum thudakkathil praadesikamaanu, praadeshika adhikaarikal, saadhaaranayaayi oru police, fayar allengil ems ejansi chumathalayelkkunnu. pala praadeshika munisippaalittikalkkum udyogastharkkum upakaranagalkkumoppam emarjansi maanejmentinte (oem) prathyeka samarppita offeesum undayirikkaam. paripadi praadeshika sarkkaarine vallathe baadhikkukayaanenkil, samsthaana adiyanthara maanejment (american aikyanaadukalude praadhamika sarkkar ghadana) ekopana adiyanthara maanejment ejansiyaayi maarunnu. duranthangalodu prathikarikkunathilum avayil ninnulla veendedukkalilum thaazhnna thalatthilulla sarkkar saadhaaranayaayi neethrthwaparamaaya punk vahikkunnu. aabhyanthara suraksha vakuppinte (dii. echu. ezz) bhagamaaya federal emarjansi maanejment ejansi (fema) aanu emarjansi maanejmentinulla pradhana federal ejansi. american aikyanaadukalum athinte pradeshangalum femayude adiyanthara maanejment aavasyangalkkaayi patthu mekhalakalaayi thirichirikkunnu. fema pinthunaykkunnu, pakshe samsthaana adhikaarathe marikadakkunnilla.
duranthangal laghookarikkunnathinum pothu vidyaabhyaasam, pariseelanam, athicheral ennivayiloode adiyanthira prathikaranatthinaayi janangale thayyarakkunnathinum praadeshikamaayi niyanthrikkukayum desheeyathalathil dii. echu. ezz ekopippikkukayum cheiyunna sannadha sevana paripaadikalude oru samghadanayaanu sittisan corps. sannadhasamghadanakalaanu mikka duranta prathikaranangalum nadathunnathu. amerikkayil, duranta prathikarana sevanangal ekopippikkunnathinaayi kongras redu cross charter cheiyunnu. ithu saadhaaranayaayi ozhippikkappettavarude abhayavum bhakshanavum kaikaaryam cheiyunna pradhana ejansiyaanu. sannadhapravarthakare vegathil nalkaanulla kazhivulla mathasamghadanakal saadhaaranayaayi prathikarana prakriyayil avibhaajya gadakamaanu. chapliancy, punarnirmmaanam ennivayil praadhamika shradha kendreekarikkunna rakshasena, bhakshanam thayyarakkunnathilum vitharanathilum shradha kendreekarikkunna thekkan baapttistukalum, vellappokkathinum theepidutthatthinum sesham vrithiyaakkunnathum, chapliancy, mobail shawar unitukal, chainso kroo ennivayum athilereyum ennivayaanu ettavum valiyava. 65, 000-thiladhikam pariseelanam labhicha sannadhapravarthakarulla thekkan baptist duranta nivaarana samghadana amerikkayile ettavum valia duranta nivaarana samghadanakalilonnaanu. methadist durithaashwaasa sevanangal, lutherance, samarittans pezhs ennivayum samanamaaya sevanangal nalkunnu. affiliate cheyyaatha sannadhapravarthakar mikka valia duranthangalilum prathyakshappedunnu. kuttavaalikalude durupayogam thadayunnathinum sannadhapravarthakarude surakshaykkum, eee 'ezz. yuu. vii. kall' (svayamprerithamaayi affiliate cheyyaatha sannadhapravarthakar) kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum phalapradamaayi upayogikkunnathinum mikka prathikarana ejansikalilum nadapadikramangal nadappaakkiyittund.
eshya-pasaphik mekhalayil duranta thayyaareduppukal prolsaahippikkunnathi pradhana ejansiyaayi us kongras sentar phoor exalance inn disaastar maanejment aandu humanitarian asisttans (coe) sthaapichu.
deseeya gotra adiyanthara maanejment kaunsil (nemk) gotra samghadanakalkkaayi vivarangalum mikacha sanbradaayangalum pankidunnathinum pothujanaarogyam, suraksha, adiyanthara maanejment, maathrraajya suraksha ennivayumaayi bandhapetta prasnangal charcha cheiyunnathinum pradhama raashtrathinte paramaadhikaarathinu keezhilullavare baadikkunnathinum vikasippichedutha laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna oru vidyaabhyaasa samghadanayaanu. fema 10-reejian samvidaanathe adisthaanamaakki enn. tii. emm. sii mekhalakalaayi krameekarichirikkunnu. washington, idaho, origon, alasca ennividangalile 29 gotra raashtrangaludeyum graamangaludeyum kansorshyamaaya (enn. dablyu. tii. emm. sii) aanu enn. tii. emm. sii sthaapichathu.
oru duranthamo adiyantharaavasthayo bheekarathayumaayi bandhappettatho deseeya praadhaanyamullatho aaya sambhavamaayi prakhyaapikkukayaanenkil, aabhyanthara suraksha sekrattari deseeya prathikarana chattakkood (enn. aarr. eph) aarambikkum. deseeya sambhava maanejment samvidaanam (nims) upayogichu saadhyamaaya ettavum thaazhnna thalatthil kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi praadeshika, kaundi, samsthaana allengil gotra sthaapanangalumaayi federal vibhavangalude samyojanam enrf anuvadikkunnu.
roga niyanthrana, prathirodha kendrangal rogavyapanam, prakrithi duranthangal, kadinamaaya kaalavastha, raasa, vikirana apakadangal thudangiya prathyeka tharatthilulla adiyantharaavasthakalkkula vivarangal nalkunnu. naashanal instittyoott phoor okyupeshanal sephtti aandu healthinte adiyanthara thayyaareduppum prathikarana paripadiyum prathikarikkunnavarudeyum veendedukkal pravarthanangaludeyum samayat prathikarikkunnavarude surakshyum aarogyavum abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinulla vibhavangal vikasippikkunnu.
athum kaanuka.
enn. jii. oon

