
rr telescopy

thekkan nakshathrasamoohamaaya telescopiathile oru sahajeeviyaaya novayaanu rr telescopy. 1889 muthal 1944 vare photographic magnitude (emm. pii. jii) 9 muthal 16.6 vareyulla oru mangiya variable nakshathramaayi ithu photographic sarway plettukalil rekhappeduthiyittundu. 1944 avasaanathode nakshatram thilangaan thudangi, ekadesham 7 magnitude vardhichu, emm. pii. jii ± 14 muthal 8 nekkaal thilakkam. 1945 nte thudakkathil kuranja vardhanavu thudarnnu, ennaal 1948 joolaiyil nagnanethrangalude thelichathinte paridhi ekadesham 6.0 ll kaanunnathuvare mothatthilulla pottitheri sradhikkappettilla. aaa samayat ithinu novo telescopy 1948 enna padavi nalki. 1949 madhyathode athinte spectrathil chila sradheyamaaya maattangalode, prakasham pathukke kuranju, 2013 august vare ithu 12 nuu aduthu drishya vyaapthiyilekku mangi.
spodanathinu munbum puramlokavum.
1889ll aarambhicha harward koleju obsarvettariyude thekkan steshan oru sarway prograamil rr telescopy idaykkide nireekshikkukayum mattu thekkan obsarvettarikal pinneedu aarambikkukayum cheythu. 1908-ll vilyamina fleming 9 muthal 11.5 vareyulla theevrathayilulla thelichathile vyathiyanangal report cheyyukayum ithu ss signiyude athe tharam nakshathramaayirikkaamenn nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. pilkkala falakangalil ithu ekadesham 1930 vare emm. pii. jii. 12.5 num 14 num idayil mithamaaya kramarahithamaya vyathiyaanam kaanichu. aaa samayat 12 num 16 num edayilulla thelichathil saavadhaanathilulla aanukaalika vyathiyanangal aarambhichu.
eee vyathiyaanangalude kaalayalav 387 divasamaayirunnu, eee nakshathrathe oru prathyeka ardha-kramamaya variable visheshippikkaam. henry drapper kaattalogil ulppeduthaan kazhiyaathavidham mangiyathum pottitherikkunnathuvar prathyekathayillaathathumaayil pottitherikkunnathinna munbu nakshathrathil ninnu oru spectra eduthathaayi thonnunnilla.
1944-ll aanukaalika vyathiyanangal pottippurappedukayum ekadesham naalu varshathinide rr tell 7-ladhikam theevrathayode thilangukayum cheythu. 1944 avasaanathode emm. pii. jii 14 muthal, sarway plettukal 1945 nte thudakkathil 8 maagnityoottinekkaal thilakkam rekhappeduthukayum 1946 septambar-octoberil emm. pii. jii. 7.4,1948 maarchil 7.0,1948 joolaiyil 6.0 ennee nirakkukalil nakshathrathe nireekshikkukayum cheythu. 1948 ll ithu shradhikkappedukayum nova tell 1948 enna padavi labikkukayum cheythu. 1949 joolaiyil nakshatram pathukke mangaan thudangi. harward sarway plettukalil kaanunnathupole rr tellinte pree-outperttu swabhaavathekkurichulla vivarangal 1949 februvariyil maargarat mayol prasidheekarichu, koodaathe divasangalo aazhchakalo ennathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi ithinakam thanne deerghakaalamaayi pottitherichathinaal, rr tell munbu nireekshichirunna novayil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaayirikkanamenna vyakthamaakkunnu; aaa vyathyasam manassilakkaan kazhiyaathathinal athine "slow nova" ennu vilichirunnu.
1949 juunil, athu mangaan thudangunnathinu munbu, spectrum oru eph-type supergiantinode saamyamulla shudhamaaya agiranam spectrum kaanichappozhanu aadyathe spectroscopic nireekshanangal nadathiyathu. aaa varsham septambar-octoberil adutha spectra edukkappettu, appozhekkum spektrathinte swabhaavam niravadhi emission lainukalulla oru thudarchayaayi maariyengilum thirichariyaan kazhiyunna agiranam lainukalonnumilla.
kurayunnu.
drishyaprakaashathil, rr tell 1949 muthal kramanugathamaayi mangunnu (sthiramaaya nirakkilallengilum). 1977ll ithu drishya theevratha 10 aayirunnu, 2013 madhyathil ithu 11.8 aayirunnu. athinte drishya spectrum athe pothuvaaya swabhaavam nilanirthunnu, ennirunnaalum anuvadaneeyamaaya varikalum niravadhi moolakangalude nirodhitha varikalum ulppede kramena uyarnna aaveshathinte emission lineukal ulppeduthunnathinaayi ithu parinamichu. 1960kalil aarambhicha rr tellinte spectrathil tioo (emm nakshathrangalude mukhamudra) moolamulla agiranam savisheshathakal kaanapettu.
purogamikkunna saankethikavidyayude falamaayi upakaranangal upayogichu mattu tharamgadairkhyangal nireekshikkavunnathinaal, eee upakaranangal rr tell oonn cheythu. infrared photometry 1 muthal 20 micrometer vare adhika vikiranam kandethi, ithu noorukanakkinu kelvin thapanilayulla saahacharya podiyude saannidhyathe soochippikkunnu. kuranja tharamgadairkhyathil nireekshikkunnathu valare falapradamaanu. rr tell ultravioletil aiyu, voyejar 1-leeii ultraviolet spectrometer, hubble space telescope, ainsteen obsarvettari, exosat, rosaatt ennivayulla ex-reey ennivayil nireekshikkappettu. bahirakasha nireekshanashaalakalude varavinu munbu asaadhyamaayirunna sisttathinte velutha kullan gadakathe nerittu kandethaan ultravioletil nireekshikkunnathu anuvadikkunnu.
physical model.
oru sahajeeva nakshatramenna nilayil, rund nakshatrangalkkum chuttum ganyamaaya alavil choodulla vaathakavum choodulla podiyum ulla oru velutha kullanodoppam paraspara bhramanapathathil avasana tharam chuvanna bheeman nakshatramaanu rr tell. chuvanna bheemane palappozhum mira ennu vilikkunnu, ennirunnaalum pottitherikku munbulla samvidaanathinte swabhaava savisheshathakal nalkaanulla oreyoru yadhaartha sramam vyathyastha tharam pulsating lettu type bheeman nakshathrathinu nalki. nireekshicha infrared nirangalum drishyavum infrared spectra savisheshathakalum spectral tharam m5iii-yude oru nakshathravumayi poruthappedutthaam. atharam nakshathrangalil ninnu ozhukunna mandagathiyilulla nakshathrakkaattil atharam thanutha pulsating variable nakshathrangal saahacharyaparamaaya podi uthpaadippikkunnathaayi ariyappedunnu. bhramanapathathile vegathayile mattangalonnum kandethiyitla, athinaal bhramanapathatthinte verthiriv orupakshe valuthum (niravadhi eyu) bhramanakaalakhattam varshangalo pathittaandukalo aanu.
thaazhnna avasthayil" (pottitherikkunnathinna munbulla ghattathe soochippikkunnu), m bheeman pulsate cheyyukayum pindam nashtappedukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe pulsation pree-pottitherikkunna drishyamaaya prakasha vakrathinte 1930-1944 bhaagath prakadamaayirunnu. emm bheeman vella kullanilekku adinjukoodunna dravyathinte chila bhagam nashtappedunnu. eee shekharicha dravyam hydrajan sambushtamaanu-athaayath ithinu saadhaarana nakshathraghadanayundu. hydrajan sambushtamaaya eee paali vendathra kattiyullathum aavasyathinu choodullathumaayitheerumbol, eee padaarthatthinte ettavum saandravum chooderiyathumaaya bhagamaaya nuclear fusion prathikaranangal chuvade aarambikkunnu. velutha kullante uparithalathinaduthulla eee shekharicha padaarthatthil pettennulla theevramaaya oorjja uthppaadanam pottitherikku kaaranamaakunnu.
thudakkathil, kootticherttha dravyam valareyadhikam vikasikkukayum athinte uparithalam 5000 muthal 10000 keey vare thapanilayil athukayum cheiyunnu, ithu 1949 leeii venalkkaalath rr tellil kaanunna "eph soopparjayant" agiranam spectrathinu kaaranamaakunnu. oorjja uthppaadanam thudarunnathinaal, shekharicha dravyam chuvadeyulla aanavorja prakaashanatthiloode choodaakkappedunnu, athinaal athu choodullathum kooduthal ionized ayathum saandrata kuranjathumaanu, angane uyarnnuvarunna vikiranam kadinamaakunnu kaalakramena vardhichuvarunna vathaka thaapanila kaaranam athinte black body spectrum kramena kuranja tharamgadairkhyathil kodumudiyunnu. spektrathinte drishyamaaya bhaagath, black body spectrum valare kurachu prakasham undaakkunnu, ennaal choodullathum nertthathum vardhichuvarunna ionized vaathakam niravadhi speesheesukalude sambannamaaya vividatharam emission lineukal kaanikkunnu. sisttathinte prakasham sthiramaayi thudarunnathinaal nireekshikkappedunna vikiranam kramena cheruthum ennaal velutha kullanodu aduthulla choodullathumaaya sthalathu ninnaan varunnath. 1990 kalude thudakkathil opttikkal, ultraviolet, ex-reey daattakalude vishakalanam soochippikkunnathu ekadesham 1,42,000 keey phalapradamaaya thapanilayum sooryanekkaal 100 madangu prakashavum uparithala guruthwaakarshanavumulla oru velutha kullan nakshathrathe soochippikkunnu. niravadhi dasalaksham keey thapanilayulla oru cheria alavilulla vaathakavum undu, ithu rund nakshathrangalil ninnulla kaatt thammilulla koottiyidikku kaaranamaakunnu. choodulla velutha kullan nakshathrangalkk palappozhum chuvanna bheemanmaaril ninnulla kaattinekkaal uyarnna vegathayulla nakshatra kaatt undu; ekadesham 500 kilometer second-1 vegathayulla rr tellinte velutha kullanil ninnulla kaattin dasalaksham digri vaathakam utppaadippikkaan kazhiyum.