
gwajira vakupp

kolambiyayude oru vakuppaan laa guyajira (). raajyathinte vadakkukizhakkan mekhalayile gwajira upadveepinte bhooribhaagavum caribean kadalilum thekke amerikkayude vadakke attathulla veniswelayumaayi athirthi pankidunnu. reohachayaanu vakuppinte thalasthaanam.
spanish paryaveshanangal amerikkayilekku athunnathinu valare munbuthanne vividha thaddesheeya gothrangal eee mekhalayile varanda samathalangalil adhivasichittundu. 1498-ll alonso dii ojeda laa gujira upadveepil sanjarichu, ennaal innu laa gujira ennariyappedunnathil kaalukuthiya aadyathe europian 1499-ll spanish paryavekshakanaaya juvan dii laa kosa aayirunnu. colonial kaalaghattatthil, muthukalude nikshepam kaaranam laa gujirayude pradesham santa martayileyum veneswela govarnarmaar tharkkichirunnu. engleesh kadalkkollakkar, franchukaar, jarmmankaar ennivarum eee pradeshatthinte niyanthranathinaayi poraadi.
martin fernandes dii ensiso eee pradeshathe aadyathe colonial gramamaaya newstra senora santa maria dii loss remedios dell cabo dii laa vela sthaapichu. 1535-ll, nicolas dii federman, veyu janathayude nirantharamaaya aakramanangalude falamaayi reohatcha graamamaayi eee vaasasthalam punarnirmmichu. 1544ll ithu innathe nagaratthilekku maatti. 1871-ll eee pradesham magdalana vakuppil ninnu verpeduthukayum laa gujira athintethaaya oru deseeya pradeshamaayi maarukayum cheythu. 1898laanu laa gujira enna ashayam roopeekarikkappettathu.
1911ll columbian sarkkar laa gujirayude kammeeshanare srishtichu. 1930kalil, middle eesttil ninnu niravadhi kudiyettakkaar eee pradeshathekku vannu (kristhyan arabikal, 
prathyekichu maronaittukalum shiah musleengalum) lebanon, syria, palestine, jordan ennividangalil ninnullavaraan. avar saadhaaranayaayi micavo nagarathilaanu thamasam. 1954ll laa gujira enna ashayam veendum srishtikkappedukayum reohacha munisippaalittiyaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. oduvil 1964ll laa gujira vakupp roopeekarikkappettu.
serejonile kalkari khananam (2004ll 24.9 dasalaksham tonn kayattumathi kalkari uthppaadippichu), prakrithivaathaka chooshanam, uppu khanikal ennivayil ninnulla royalttikale aashrayichaan vakuppinte sambadvyavastha. gwajira marubhoomiyile upadveepinte thalappathu sthithi cheiyunna oru cheria malsyabandhana gramamaaya cabo dii laa velayaanu oru janapriya ekkotoorist lakshyasthanam.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
cariban bhashakalil ninnaan "gwajira" enna peru vannath. picoon parayunnathanusarichu, 1600-ll reohatcha pradeshathu thamasikkunna 200 oolam thaddesheeya kudumbangale soochippikkaan "gwajiros" enna vaakk aadyamaayi upayogichu. valia aadukalude koottatthinu perukettathaayirunnu avaa. spanish eee padam upadveepile aadu meyikkunna ellah thaddesheeyarum upayogichirunnu. olivar parayunnathanusarichu, 1626 vare pedro saiman enna sanyasi oru rekhayil "gwajiro" enna padam spanish rekhakalil prathyakshappettirunnilla.
bhoomishaasthram.
departmentinte vadakkan bhaagath gwajira-barankvilla seric scrub ennariyappedunna varanda samathalangal adangiyirikkunnu, avayude varalcha siyera newada dii santa martayude mazha nizhal moolamaanu undaakunnath. eee parvvathangal thekkott uyarunnu. sinu thaazhvarayile varanda vanangal athinidayilaanu. thekk magdalana nadiyilekku thekkott ozhukunna seaser nadiyude uthbhavasthaanangal vidoora thekk bhagathaanu.
siera newada dii santa martayil ninnu uthbhavikkunna rancheria nadhi thekk ninnu vadakkott gujira upadveep kadannu upar thaazhvarayiloode ozhuki caribean kadalilekku ozhukunnu. serania dell perija montes dii ookayum veneswelayude athirthiyilulla vakuppinte thekkukizhakkan bhagathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
bhoomishaasthraparamaaya savisheshathakale adisthaanamaakki vakuppine moonnu upavibhagangalaayi vibhajichu mukalile, madhya, thekkan gwajira. upadveepinte ettavum vadakke bhagam ulkkollunna mukalile gwaajirayil mikkavarum apoorvamaaya ardha-marubhoomi sasyajaalangalund. samudranirappil ninnu 865 meter uyarathil serania dii mcquira enna otappetta, thaazhnna uyaramulla parvathanirakal maathrame ivideyulloo. madhya gwajira pradesham kooduthalum parannathaanu, chila pradeshangalil kunnukal undu, ithu varanda paristhithiyum nalkunnu. thekkan gwajira veneswela athirthiyilulla montes dii oka, serania dell perija parvathanirakal enniva ulkkollunnu, koodaathe siyara newada dii santa marta parvathanirakalumaayi roopappetta thaazhvarayum. thekkan gwaajirayil kooduthal pachappulla sasyangalum thanneerthadangalum nadikalum undu.
paristhithi mekhalakal.
kolambiyayude anchu prakrithidatha pradeshangalil onnaaya columbian caribean mekhalayilaanu laa gwajira vakupp sthithi cheiyunnathu.
makkuvirayude jeevitam.
gwajira upadveepinte vadakkupadinjaraayi sthithi cheiyunna serania dii mcquira parvathanirakalil oru pradesham mcquira desheeyodyaanathil ulppedunnu. caribean kadalinaduthulla laa gujira marubhoomiyude madhyathil, nazaret, ichippa, tawara ennee graamangalkkidayil sthithicheyyunna oru otappetta aavaasavyavasthayaanu parvathanirakal. vadakkukizhakkan mekhalayil ninnu veeshunna eerppamulla vyapara kaattin eee parvathanirakal oru thadassamaayi pravartthikkunnu.
siyera newada dii santa maartha.
caribean kadalil sthithi cheiyunna siera newada dii santa marta parvathanirakal magdalana, seaser vakuppukalumayi pankidunnu. thekk ninnu vadakkott departmentinte bhooribhaagathiloodeyum ozhukunna rancheria nadhi ulppede laa gwajira vakuppile mikka jalasambharanikalum eee parvathanirakalil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath. siyera newada dii santa marta unesco oru jaivamandala samrakshana kendramaayi prakhyaapichu.
pintavo.
sero pintavo" ("peyint cheytha kunnu")-athinte charivukalil saan juvan dell seaser, ell molino, villanuyeva, urumita ennee munisippaalittikalum seaser vakuppil, maanaure, laa paas, saan diego, kodasi munisippaalittikalum sthithicheyyunnu-oru pradeshathe ulkkollunnu, uyarathil ninnu, oru paramo aavaasavyavastha roopappeduthukayum kolambiyayile 13 nadikalkku janmam nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
arayannangalude janthujaalangalum sasyajaalangalude sankethavum.
reohatcha munisippaalittiyude theerapradeshathu kaamaron graamathinum tapias nadikkum idayil sthithi cheiyunna "santuwario dii flora vaii fauna loss flamencos" (flummingos janthujaalangalum sasyajaalangalum sanketham), naalu lagoonukalum (mansaanillo, navio quebrado, tocoromanes, laguna grande) niravadhi aruvikalum ulkkollunnu.
arayanna samrakshana mekhala.
myusikki graamatthil sthithi cheiyunna eee arayanna samrakshana mekhala maanaure munisippaalittikkulla, koodaathe karakaushala vidagdhar uppu nirmmikkaan upayogikkunna niravadhi lagoonukal ivideyundu.
charithram.
columboic munbullavar.
columbian kaalaghattatthinu munbulla kaalath, innathe laa gwaajirayil pradhaanamaayum vadakkan thaazhnna pradeshangalil, kooduthalum vaivu (gwajiros, macuros, anates, kaakvettios, vainooyikki, kuwanos, onotos, eneals), kokkina janatha, thekk kogui, arhuwako, gwanebooken, chimila vamseeya vibhagangal ennivayilppetta thaddesheeya gothrangal vasichirunnu. bisi patthaam noottaandile gujira upadveepinte madhyapoorvabhaagathu manpathrangal upayogicha mathsyathozhilaali samoohangalude sthalangal puraavastu khananagal kandethiyittundu.
eee grouppukal gwajira upadveepil sahavarthichirunnu. vadakkan thaddesheeya janatha upadveepil sanjarikkukayum vettayaadukayum malsyabandhanam nadathukayum pazhangal shekharikkukayum cheytha naadodikalaayirunnu. thekk thaddesheeya vibhagangal ardhasamudaayangalaayirunnu, avar krishi cheyyukayum theeradesha vibhavangal chooshanam cheyyukayum cheythu.
spanish adhinivesavum kolanivalkkaranavum.
1498ll alenzo dii ojedayude neethrthwathilulla spanish paryavekshakaraanu gwajira upadveep aadyamaayi kandathu, avar theerathu sanjarichenkilum erangiyilla. 1502ll juvan dii laa kosayude neethrthwathilulla oru spanish paryaveshanamaanu cabo dii laa velayil aadyamaayi erangiyathu.
1524-ll cabo dii laa vela muthal magdalana nadiyude mukhabhaagam vareyulla oru pradesham ulkkollunna santa maarthayude sarkkar rodrigo dii baastidaas srishtichu.
1535-ll martin fernandes dii ensiso innathe cabo dii laa velaykkaduthulla laa gujira enna graamatthil "newstra senora santa maria dii loss remedios dell cabo dii laa vela" ennu vilikkunna aadyathe vaasasthalam sthaapichu. 1544-ll, thaddesheeyarum, valia muthukalude nikshepathinu pinnale vanna veneswela ayal captancyil ninnulla spanish vamshajarudeyum nirantharamaaya akramanangal kaaranam, graamam innathe reohachayilekku maattukayum nicolas federman punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu.
1609num 1640num idayil spanish kolanikkaar 800-ladhikam aafrikkan adimakale irakkumathi cheythu. ivaril bhooribhaagavum pinneedu rakshappedukayum paalankukal roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. 1679-ll, engleesh kadalkkollakkaril ninnum gujira upadveep athinte muthukal kaaranam mohicha veneswella sarkkaaril ninnum eee pradesham samrakshikkaan sahaayichathin pakaramaayi santa marta sarkkar eee paalankukalkku avarude swaathanthryam vaagdaanam cheythu.
thaddesheeya janathayude, pradhaanamaayum veyu janathayude cheruthunilppu kaaranam amerikkayude spanish kolanivalkkarana samayat ottappedal anubhavicha kolambiyayile pradesangalilonnaanu laa gujira. pathinettaam noottaand vare spanish rajavaazhcha eee mekhalayile thaddesheeyare poornnamaayum keezhadakkaanum samaadhaanippikkaanum utharavidukayum pathonpathaam noottaandiludaneelam kolanikkaarum thaddesheeyarum thammilulla samgharsham nilanilkkukayum cheythu.
gujeera kalapam.
vaivu orikkalum spanish adheenappeduthiyittil, rund grouppukalum erekkure sthiramaaya yudhaavasthayilaayirunnu. 1701ll (vaivu oru kaapuchin dauthyam nashippichappol), 1727ll (randaayirathiladhikam indiakkaar spaanishine aakramichappol), 1741,1757,1761,1768 ennee varshangalil kalapangal undaayi. 1718ll govarnor sotto dii hereira vaivu ennu "kroorathayullavar, kuthira moshtaakkal, maranathinu yogyar, daivamillaathavar, niyamamillaathavar, rajaavillaathavar" ennu vilichu. kolambiyayile ellah indiakkaarum thokkukaludeyum kuthirakaludeyum upayogam padichathil savishesharaayirunnu.
1769ll spanish 22 vayyookkale bandikalaakki, avare cartagenayude kottakal nirmmikkunnathinayi niyamichu. avarude saha indiakkaarude prathikaranam apratheekshithamaayirunnu. 1769 meyy 2 nuu rioo dii laa hachaykkaduthulla ell ringonil avar graamathinu theeyittu, pally athil abhayam thediya rund spaaniyaardukalum kathikkukayum purohithane pidikoodukayum cheythu. indiakkaare pidikoodunnathinaayi spanish udan thanne ell ringonil ninnu oru paryaveshanatthe ayachu. 22 gwaajirokale thadavilaakkiya party nayicha mestisoyaaya jose antonio dii siyara aayirunnu eee senayude thalavan. gwaajirokal addehathe thirichariyukayum kyoorattinte veettil abhayam thedaan addehathinte party nirbandhikkukayum athu avar theeyittu. seara addehathinte ettu aalukalum kollappettu.
eee vijayam taamasiyaathe mattu gwajiro pradeshangalil ariyappedukayum kooduthal aalukal kalaapathil cherukayum cheythu. messiayude kanakkanusarichu, athinte kodumudiyil 20,000 indiakkaar aayudhangalkk keezhilaayirunnu. palarudeyum kaivasham engleesh, dutch kallakkadathukaaril ninnu, chilappol spaanishil ninnu polum, vangiya thokkukal undaayirunnu. ivar kathicha pradeshathe mikkavarum ellah vaasasthalangalum pidichedukkaan vimathare praaptharakki. adhikaarikalude abhipraayathil nooriladhikam spaaniyaardukal kollappedukayum niravadhi pere thadavilaakkukayum cheythu. niravadhi kannukaalikaleyum vimathar kondupoyi. rioo dii laa haachayil abhayam praapikkaanum maracaibo, vaale dii appar, santa marta, cartagena ennividangalilekku adiyanthira sandeshangal ayaykkaanum kazhiyunna spaaniyaardukal. cartagena 100 sainikare ayachu. vimathar svayam ekeekarikkappettavaraayinnu. indiakkaarkkidayillu siyarayude bandhukkal addehathinte maranathinu prathikaram cheiyunnathinaayi vimatharkkethire aayudangal uyarthi, laa soledadil avar thammilulla yuddham nadannu. athu, spanish sainyathinte varavode kalapam shamippichu, pakshe gwajiro kooduthal pradesham veendedukkunnathinu munballa.
republican yugam.
1846-ll republic oof nyoo granadayude puthiya sarkkar magdalana samsthaanathinte bhaagath ninnu "gwajiro pradesham" srishtichu, ennaal thaddeseeyaraayavar valia thothil nirodhitha vasthukkal vyapaaram nadathukayum adikaarikalumaayulla prasnangal thudarukayum eee pradesham veendum santa martayude sarkkaarin keezhil varikayum cheythu.
1871-ll laa gujira pradesham veendum prathyeka bharanathin keezhil konduvarikayum oru deseeya pradeshamaayi maarukayum cheythu. 1898ll laa gujira oru "inpendencia" yaayum 1911ll oru commissioneraayum maari. 1954ll laa gujira vakupp roopeekarikkunnathuvare ithu "inpendencia" yaayi tharamthaazhthappettu.
thaddesheeya janathayude suvisheshavalkkaranam.
1887ll kapuchin sanyaasimaarude thirichuvaravode veyoo janataye suvisheshavathakarikkunna prakriya punaraarambhichu. 1905-ll, payas pathaaman marpappa laa gujirayude vikaariyettu srishtikkukayum aadyathe vikaaran enna nilayil, friar attanasio visent solar vaii royo veyu janataye "nagarikamaakkaan" sramikkukayum cheythu.
1903-ll, kaapuchin sanyasimar siyera newada dii santa marta parvathanirakalil nirmmicha laa siyeritta anaadhaalayathil ninnu aarambhich, veyu kuttikalkkayi anaathaalayangal nirmmikkaan thudangi. 1910ll kalankala nadiyude theerathu sthithi cheiyunna saan antonio anaathaalayavum 1913ll serania dii mcquira parvathanirakalile nazarat anaathaalayavum. gwarachal, ell pajaro, karasuva, gwaragao, murumaana, gaara pattamana, carripia ennividangalile rancheriyakalil anaadhaalayangalkku swaadheenamundaayirunnu. nazarat anaadhaalayathinu tarowa, magwaippa, gwasepa, alpanapose ennee rancheriyakalil kurachu niyanthranamundaayirunnu. sanyasimar idaykkide vaasasthalangal sandarshikkukayum janangale kurbanayil pankedukkaan shanikkukayum cheythu. anaathaalayangalile veyoo kuttikal parambaraagatha europian achaarangalil vidyaabhyaasam nedi. athinusesham veyu janathayum columbian sarkkarum thammilulla samgharshangal kuranju. 1942ll euria aadyamaayi chrismas puthuvalsara dinavum aakhoshichu.
ayiram divasathe aabhyantharayudham.
ayiram divasathe yudhathil (1899-1902) liberalukalum yaadhaasthithikarum thammilulla poraattam eee pradeshathe baadhichu. laa gujirayile thaddeseeyaraayavar rashtreeya kazhchappaadukalekkaal maathaapithaakkalude affiliationo saambathika nettamo anusarichu irupakshatheyum amgangalude paksham chernnu. jose dolorus enna oru cassic liberal radical raffel urib euribeyumaayi oru karaarilethiyenkilum pinneedu yaadhaasthithika commandermaaril oralaaya general iguvaaranumaayulla maathaapithaakkalude bandham amgeekarichathinu sesham yaadhaasthithikarude paksham chernnu.
raashtreeyam.
columbia deseeya gavanmentinte moonnu shaakhakalude praadeshika thulyaraanu laa gujira vakupp niyanthrikkunnath. executive branchine prathinidheekarikkunnath praadeshika thiranjeduppukalil janakeeya vottiloode oro naalu varshathilum thiranjedukkappedunna laa gujira departmentinte govarnoraanu; laa gujira department assembly niyamanirmmaana shaakha; reohachayude unnatha tribunalinu keezhilulla praadeshika kodathikal judicial branch, athil amgangale kolamboyile supreme kodathi niyamikkunnu. niyanthrana sthaapanangalkku avarude praadeshika prathinidhikalum undu. praadeshikamaayi mayer, taunn kaunsil, praadeshika kodathikal, niyanthrana sthaapanangal ennivar bharikkunna 15 munisippaalittikalude niyanthranam eee sthaapanangalkkundu.
bharanaparamaya divisionukal.
15 munisippaalittikalaayi laa gujira vakupp roopeekarikkappettirikku, oronnum oru janapriya thiranjedukkappetta mayer oru sitti kaunsilum munisippal thalatthilulla kodathikalum bharikkunnu. 12 munisippaalittikal "athirthi, department athirthi mekhalaykkulla prathyeka unitukal" enna sarkkar padhathiyude bhagamaanu saan juvan dell seaser, laa jaguwa dell pilar, barangas, ell molino, phonseca, haattonuvo, micavo, euria, urumita, villanuyeva, maanaure, reohatcha. dibullah, albania, detression ennee munisippaalittikale aaa vargeekaranathil ninnu ozhivaakkiyittund. laa gujira vakupp 126 "corregimentos" (praadeshika majistrettukal), 49 "inspectians dii poolisiya" (police jillakal), 10 "casserios" (gramangal) enniva ulkkollunnu, ithu munisippaalittikaliladum vitharanam cheyyappedunnu.
prathirodham.
columbian deseeya poleesinu laa gujira vakuppil oru praadeshika command poost undu, saadhaaranayaayi oru kenalinte neethrthwathil departmentinte thalasthaanamaaya reohachayilaanu. columbian deseeya sainyathin departmentil rund yoonittukalund, iva randum onnaam divishante bhagamaanu randaam yanthravalkkaricha kuthirappada bataaliyan (detression aasthaanamaakki), aaraamathe yanthravalkkaricha bataaliyan (reohatcha aasthaanamaayi). columbian airfozhs division commando eriyo dii combatt nambar. 3 (cacom-3), atlaantikkoyile barankvillayil, laa gujira vakuppinu sevanam nalkunnu, athinte airstripaayi almiraant padilla vimaanathaavalam upayogikkunnu.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
daine" (columbian statistiks beuro) 2005 leeii sensus prakaram, laa gujira vakuppile janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 1> thaddesheeyaraayirunnu, kooduthalum arhuwako, koguis, viva, vaivu gothrangalil pettavaraayirunnu. 7.5 sathamaanam afro-columbian vamshajaraayirunnu; 20-aamm noottaandiludaneelam ivide kudiyeriya middle eestten pingaamikal ozhike janasamkhyayude backie aii. dii. 1 svayam oru prathyeka vamseeya grouppinte bhaagamaayi kanakkakkiyirunnilla.
departmentinte thaddesheeya janasamkhya columbian vakuppukalil ettavum kooduthalaayirunnu (thudarnnu yathaakramam 18 sathamaanavum <aii. dii. 2> umm ulla kaukka, narino vakuppukal) koodaathe deseeya motham thaddesheeyarude <aii. dii. 1> aayirunnu. ettavum kooduthal thaddesheeya janasamkhyayulla munisippaalittikal euria (95.9%), maanaure (88.2%), micavo (40.1%) ennivayaayirunnu.
623, 250 janasamkhya kolambiyayile motham janasamkhyayude 1.5 sathamaanavum (42,090,502) kolambiyayile caribean mekhalayude 7 sathamaanavum (8,910,195) aanu. laa gujira departmentinte janasandrata chathurashra kilometeril 29.9 nivaasikalaayirunnu. aaa 623,250 motham nivaasikalil, 50.6% sthreekalum 49.4% purushanmaarumaan.
vidyaabhyaasam.
phonseca, micavo, maanaure, albania, villanuyeva ennividangalil saattalait kaambasukalulla laa gujira sarvakalaashaalayude pradhana campus reohachayilaanu. prakrithi shaasthram, enchiniyaring, saambathikashaasthram, vidyaabhyaasam, bharanam, humanities ennivayil saankethikavum birudavum birudavum kozhsukalum eee sthaapanam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu.
sambadghadana.
serejon khanikalil kalkari, prakrithivaathakam, maanaurile uppu khanikal thudangiya dhaatu vibhavangalude chooshanathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla laa gwajira vakuppinte sambadvyavastha 2005 leeii motham varumaanathinte 53.48% aayirunnu.
vaidyuthi, vaathakam, kudivellam, gathagatham, ashayavinimayam ennivayulppede sevana vyavasaayam pinthudarunnu, ithu motham varumaanathinte <aii. dii. 1>% aanu. vidyaabhyaasam, aarogyam, saamoohika sevanam, gaarhika sevanangal enniva motham aii. dii. 1 aanu.
krishi, silvikkalchar, malsyabandhanam enniva motham varumaanathinte aii. dii. 1 aanu, vaanijya, hotel, restorant vyavasaayangal motham varumaanathinte aii. dii. 2 aanu. pothubharana akkoundukal 5.47%, nirmmaanam 3.01%, riyal estettu 2.21%, vyavasaya 0.52% ennivaykkaayi.
krishi.
2005-ll laa gwajira vakupp pradhaanamaayum pukayila, kaappi, yookka, vazhappazham, thenga, naame, araakkaacha, oayil paam, karimbu enniva uthppaadippichu. 1, 211 thottangal thaalkkaalikavum 59,830 thottangal sthiramaaya ulpaadanathilumaayirunnu.
samskaaram.
laa gujira vakuppile saamskaarika vashangale kooduthalum swaadheenichathu vaivuvinte paarambaryamaanu; pradhaanamaayum europian samskaaram, pradhaanamaayum roman catholica paarambaryangaliloode; afro-columbian samskaaram; irupathaam noottaandinte pakuthi muthal, islaamika paarambaryangal ulppedeyulla middle eestten samskaaram. parambaraagathamaaya veyu pradesham iru raajyangalum pankidunnathinaal veneswela ninnum ganyamaaya swaadheenamundu.
bhasha.
laa gujirayil moonnu pradhana bhaashakalund, ettavum vyaapakamaayath spanish bhashayum thudarnnu vaivu bhaashayumaan. middle eestten kudiyettakkaarude vardhichuvarunna janasamkhya eee pradeshathe arabic bhaashayude upayogathinu kaaranamaayittund. kogyus vivas chibchan bhashakalumaayi kooduthal bandhappettirikkunnu, avaykku avarudethaaya bhaashayund.
laa guyajirayile spanish vaivu bhashayil ninnu vaakkukal eduthukondu athintethaaya bhaashaabhedam vikasippicheduthittundu. veyusukalkkum mattu thaddesheeya vibhagangalkkum avarude maathrubhaashayilum spaanishilum dwibhasha vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnundu. microsopht, ubundu thudangiya niravadhi software kambanikal veyu bhashayil uthppannangal vikasippichittund.
dwibhasha vidyaalayam kaaranam serejon khanithozhilaaliyude kottayil cheriyathum ennaal ganyavumaaya engleesh samsaarikkunnavarum thaamasikkunnu.
saahityam.
laa gujirayile saahityangal spanish, veyunaakki bhashakalil ezhuthappettittundu, athil bhooribhaagavum puranangal, vishudham, daarunamaayathu, ithihaasangal, ithihaasangal, veerathvam, maantrikatha, komadi, romantisism enniva eee pradeshathe svayamprerithavum shareerashaasthravum laingikathayum ulppedeyulla "coastembrismo" nerittu swaadheenichathumaanu.
atharamoru gothrathil abhayam thedunna rakshapetta oru kuttavaaliyekkurichulla henry chaariyarinte "paappillan" enna chithratthil vaivu gothrangal pradhanamaayi avatharippikkappedunnu. laa gujira athinte samskaarathe vivarikkunna niravadhi rachanakalude vishayamaan.
samgeetham.
laa gujira vakuppile samgeetham thaddesheeya janathayumayi bandhappettirikkunnu, athupole thanne afro-kolambiyakkaarudeyum europakkaarudeyum samskaarangalaal swaadheenikkappettundu. reohachaykkum valluduparinum edayilulla pradeshathu uthbhavichathayi aaropikkappedunna vallenatto samgeethathinte kaaryavum ithaanu, reohatcha muthal seaser vakuppinte madhya mekhala vare valia pradesham athicherumennu chilar karuthunnu. caribean kadalile aduthulla aruba dveepil ninnu laa gujirayil nirodhithamaayi vannathayi aaropikkappedunna ardionukalum gittaarukalum aadyamaayi vallenatto samgeethathinaayi upayogichirunnu.
vaivus avarude swantham parambaraagatha samgeethavum upakaranangalum sambhavana cheythittundu. avarude samskaaram sambadvyavasthayeyum saamoohika jeevithatheyum samgeethavumaayi bandhappeduthunnu, kannukaalikale valarthunna kaaryatthil, thaddeseeyaraayavar avarude mrugangalodu paadunnu. yogangalkkum aakhoshangalkkum samskaara chadangukalil vilaapathinum avar samgeetham upayogichu. athidhikale aadarikkunnathinaayi avatharippikkunna vaivuvinte parambaraagatha nrithamaanu yona.
kaashi", "savava" (oru tharam pullaankuzhal), "maasi", "totoy", "thaliraay" (tubular fluit), "voottoroyoyi" (klaarinettinte tharam) thudangi niravadhi naadan samgeethopakaranangal veyus srishtichu. majayura" allengil "yuva vaivu kanyaka" yude aacharam, athil oru sthree varaanirikkunna inayaayi kanakkaakkappedunna oru purushanodu nritham cheiyunnu, athesamayam mattu purushanmaar avarude parambaraagatha upakaranangal upayogichu oru purushan nilathu veezhunnathuvare thaalangal avatharippikkunnu.
gastronomy.
praadeshika janthujaalangaleyum sasyajaalangaleyum adisthaanamaakkiyulla thaddesheeya vaivuvinte parambaraagatha paachakareethiyumayum spanish paachakareethikalal swaadheenikkappettathumaayumam laa gwajira vakuppile paachakashaastram bandhappettirikkunnu. gwajira paachakareethiyude ettavum praathinidhyam fricaanu-uppum athinte swantham rakthavum dhairyavum upayogichu varuthatho vevichatho aaya oru aadu. aaros koonn cameronukal"-neratthe vevicha chemmeen upayogichu arrie pakam cheyth veyilathu unakkaan vekkunna chemmeen adangiya arrie; thenga upayogichu iguana stoo; veyus juiso veenjo kudikkaan upayogikkunna kattaar vaazhayude pazham "iguvaraaya"; amakal, maan, kappibarakal enniva saadhaaranayaayi arrie, suupp allengil stoo enniva upayogichu vividha reethikalil pakam cheiyunnu.

