
maikkal oof chernigov

chernigovile vishudha maikkal (Кернигооо) allengil mikhaayil vsevolodovich (мичал сеолоооочич, мичал сееолооомоч) (-saraay, 20 septambar 1246) oru russian rajakumaaranaayirunnu (ruric raajavamshathile oru amgam). addeham keevu (innathe keevu), 1236-1240,1240,1241-1243) ennivayude grand prins aayirunnu; koodaathe addeham periyaslav (1206), novgorod-sevezhsk (1219-1226), chernigov (1223-1235,1242-1246), novgorod (1225-1226,1229-1230), hallich (1235-1236) ennivayude rajakumaran koodiyaayirunnu.
chernihiv pattanangal addehathinte kaalaghattatthil abhoothapoorvamaaya samriddhi aasvadichirunnuvennu puraavastu thelivukal velippeduthunnu, ithu vyapaaram prolsaahippikkunnathu addehathinu munganana nalkiyirunnathennu soochippikkunnu. raine thaazhvarayil ninnum hangariyil ninnum charakkukal chernigovilekku (innathe chernihiv, ukraine) kadannupokunna chaanalukalayirunnathinaal vaanijya thalpparyangal bhaagikamaayi halikkinteyum keevinteyum niyanthranam pidichedukkaan addehathe prerippichu. druvangalumaayum hangariyanmaarumaayum vaanijya udambadikalum rashtreeya sakhyangalum addeham charcha cheythu.
addeham novgorodiyakkaarude nikuthibharam laghookarikkukayum avarude boyaarukalkku rajakumaranil ninnu kooduthal rashtreeya swaathanthryam nalkukayum cheythu. keevile avasaanathe svayambharanamulla muthirnna rajakumaaranaayirunnu addeham, avide addehathe kooduthal sakthanaaya rajakumaran sthaanabhrashtanaakkiyilla, marichu ajayyaraaya mangoliyar sthaanabhrashtanaakki.
mangolian adhiniveshathinte thalennu addeham russiayile ettavum shaktharaaya rajakumaaranmaaril oraalaayirunnu. aakramanakaarikalkkethire russian rajakumaaranmaare onnippikkunnathil parajayappettathinaal phalapradamallaatha neethrthwathinte peril addeham kuttaropithanaanu; addehathinte prathirodhatthil ithu asaadhyamaaya oru douthyamaayirunnuvennu choondikkaanikkanam.
oolgovichiyude (chernigov rajavamsham) aadya rajakumaaranaaya mikhaayil, eee vaakkinte pothuvaayi manassilaakkappedunna ardham anusarichu rakthasakshiyaayi kristheeya vishwaasathil sthirothsaahathinu addeham vadhashikshaykk vidheyanaayi. adhehatheyum addehathinte boyar fedorineyum (theodor) thaathaarukal peedippikkukayum shirachhedam cheyyukayum cheythu.
avar pinneedu "chernigovinte abhinivesham sahikkunnavar" ennum "chernigovinte atbhutha pravartthakar" ennum ariyapettu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
polandile grand duke kasimir randaamante makalaaya anaestasia rajakumaran vsevoload svyaadoslaavichinte (pinneedu keevinte chuvanna grand prins vsevoload naalamanaayi) ariyappedunna eaka makanaayirunnu addeham. addehathinte pithaavinte paithrukamekhala vyaathikki bhoomiyude vadakkupadinjaaran bhagathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, avide addeham thante kuttikkalam chelavazhichu ennathil samshayamilla.
mikhaayil kuttiyaayirikkumbol pakshaaghaatham baadhicha rogiyaayirunnu. addehathinte muthachanum keevile grand prinsumaaya swyadoslav moonnaaman vsevolodovich, chikitsa nedaanulla parajayappetta sramangalil pallikalkk dhaaraalam sambathu nalki. oduvil, sent madatthil thamasikkunna athbhuthakaariyaaya nikithayekkurichu addeham kettu. susdaliyayile periyaslav-saleskiyile nikkettaas. rajakumaran, "boyar" kalodoppam pattanatthilekku sawari cheyth sanyaasiyude thoonil ethi. stailait rajakumarane kondupokaan thante "boyar" kalil oraalkk thante vadi nalki; mikhaayil athu pidichu sukhappedukayum anugrahathinaayi athbhuthakaariyude thoonilekku nadakkukayum cheythu. rogashanti labhichathinushesham addeham aashramathin udaaramaaya aanukoolyam nalkukayum 1186 meyy 16 nuu addeham sukham praapicha sthalathu oru kallu sthaapikkaan utharavidukayum cheythathayi oru srothass parayunnu. eee sambhavam avasana srothassukalil maathrame report cheyyappettittullave vishudhamaaya vishadaamshangalaal alankarichirikkunnum, vivaranathinu sathyathinte oru valayamundu.
1206-leeii venalkkaalath, addehathinte pithaav keevu pidichedukkukayum thante "posadniki" ellah keevan pattanangalilekkum ayaykkukayum grand prins ruric rostislaavichine vruchiyilekku (innu ukrainile "oovruchu") pinmaran nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. vsevoload swyaadoslaavichu yaroslav vsevolodovichine (vladimeerile grand prins vsevoload yoorivichinte makan) periyaslavil ninnu puratthaakkukayum nagaram mikhaayilin nalkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, keevinte niyanthranam veendedukkaan ruric rostislaavichu dridanishchayam cheyyukayum, thaarathamyena eluppathil vsevoload svyaadoslaavichine puratthaakkukayum cheythu. oru cheria anuyayi mathramulla mikhailinodu periyaslav ozhippikkaan ruric rostislaavichu utharavittu, angane addeham chernihivile pithaavinte aduthekku pinmari. 1207-leeii venalkkaalath, pithaav veendum keevu bharichu, ennaal octoberil ruric rostislaavichu keevilekku sawari cheyyukayum randaam thavana vsevoload svyaadoslaavichine puratthaakkukayum pattanam pidichedukkukayum cheythu; keevil ninnu mikhaayil pithavinoppam pooyi.
oru srothassukalum mikhayilinte vivaham report cheiyunnilla, ennaal 1210 allengil 1211 ll haalikkile rajakumaaranaaya roman misttislaavichinte makalaaya elena romanovna (allengil maria romanovna) addeham vivaham kazhichathaayi thelivukal soochippikkunnu.
1212 juunil smollenskile rajakumaran mistislaavu romanovic, novgorodinte dheeranaaya rajakumaran mistislaavu mistislaavichu, lutskile rajakumaran ingwar yaroslaavich ennivar vaishgorodil aakramanakaarikale neritta vsevoload swaattoslaavichinethir oru valia akramanam nadatthi. ennirunnaalum, rostislaavichi keevu kaivashappedutthi. sevoload swyaadoslaavichu moonnaam thavanayum keevil ninnu palayanam cheyyukayum, orupakshe mikhaayilinoppam chernihivile suraksha thedukayum cheythu, avide addeham 1212 augustil marikkukayum cheythu. mikhaayilin orupakshe brin, serensk, mosalsk enniva pithaavil ninnu paarambaryamaayi labhichittundaakam.
1215num 1220num idayil ammavan gleb swyaadoslaavichu marichappol, mistislaavu randaaman swyaadoslaavichu mikhailile chernihivilekku thamasam maari, kaaranam seeniorittiyil randaamanaayirunnathinaal, orupakshe novgorod-sevezhsk kaivashappeduthiyirikkaam.
1223 leeii vasanthakaalath, jebe, subuthay ennivarude neethrthwathil oru sakthamaaya mangol kuthirappada "padinjaaran pradeshangal" veendum bandhippikkaan chenkis khaan ayacha kumanmarude raajyathekku praveshichu. akramanam neridaan kazhiyaathe, kumanmar raajakumaaranmaarkk sahayam ayaykkaan visammathichaal athe vidhi thangalkkum sambhavikkumennu munnariyipp nalkikkond russiayilekku oodippoyi. ruz raajakumaaranmaarude yudhasamithiyil thaathaarukalude varavinayi kaathirikkendathillenna theerumaanikkukayum ennaal kuman steppukalil aazhathil avare akramikkaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. mikhaayilum yogathil pankedutthu. raajakumaaranmaarude aikyasena neeppar nadiyilekku neengukayum aadyathe ettumuttal nadiyude theerathu nadakkukayum cheythu. eee munnira yudhathil mangolian sainyathinte oru vibhaagathe paraajayappedutthunnathil dheeraraaya mistislaavu mistislaavichu vijayichu.
neeppar kadannu avarude sainyam kalkka nadiyude theerathu pradhana mangol senaye kandumuttunnathin munbu 8 divasam steppikaliloode march cheythu. russian sainyathil yoonitti oof command undaayirunnilla. phalangal vinaashakaramaayirunnu chernigovile mistislaavu randaaman swaattoslaavichu ulppede mikka rajakumaaranmaarum pooraattatthil kollappettu.
chernigovinteyum novgoridinteyum rajakumaran.
chernihivilekku madangiyethiya aadya athijeevichavaril oralaayirikkaam mikhaayil. chernigovinte rajakumaaranaayi mikhaayil mistislaavu randaaman svyaadoslaavichine maattiyenn charithrangal nammodu parayunnilla, ennaal ammaavante maranashesham addeham vishudha rakshaka cathedralil pithaavinteyum muthachanteyum simhaasanathil irunnathaayi pilkkala thelivukal velippeduthunnu. juun 16-nuu aayirikkam chadangu nadannathu. addehathinte thalamurayile rajakumaranmar addehathinu munbu marikkukayum anantharaavakaashikal illaathirikkukayum cheythathinaal, muthirnna rajakumaranenna nilayil mikhaayil avarude niravadhi domainukalude niyanthranam etteduthu. pradeshangalude eee shekharanam addehathe bhoomiyile ettavum valia bhoovudamayaayi maatti.
akkaalat, vladimeerile grand prins yoori randaaman vsevolodovichine novgorodianmaar thangalude adhipanaayi amgeekarichuvenkilum addehathinte raajakumaaranmaarude niyamanathe avar palappozhum velluvilichirunnu. 1224-ll addehathinte makan vsevoload yoorivichin novgorodil ninnu palayanam cheyyendivannu. yoori vsevolodovich thante makante palayanam arinjappol mikhaayil ithinakam classmayil vlaadimeerilaayirunnuvennu thonnunnu. yoori vsevolodovich novagorodiyakkaare akramikkaan bheeshanippedutthi; marupadiyaayi, avar addehathodulla avarude vishwasthatha sthireekarichu, pakshe sent cathedralinte prathirodhatthil marikkaan oru karar undaakki. sophiya. athinaal yoori vsevolodovich mikhailine rajakumaaranaayi sweekarikkanamennu nirddeshichu. novgorodiakkaar sammathikkukayum 1225 maarchil mikhaayil novgorod pidichedukkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, yoori vsevolodovich pouranmaaril ninnu 7,000 "novuyu" pizhayayi aavasyappedukayum avarude saadhanangal kandukettukayum cheythu.
mikhaayil novgorodilekku pooyi, avide addeham chernihivilekku madanguka enna uddeshyathode oru svayambharana bharanadhikaariyenna nilayilalla, yoori vsevolodovichinte niyamanakkaranaayi pravarthichu. yoori vsevolodovich torshockilum swantham domainilum pidicheduttha novgorodiyanmaarude saadhanangal veendedukkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte ettavum pradhanappetta jolikalilonnu. novgorodil ninnu purappedunnathinu munbu, chernihivilekku vyaapaarikale ayaykkaan mikhaayil pattanavaasikale shanikkukayum avarude bhoomiyum thante bhoomiyum onnaayirikkumenn prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. addeham novgorodil ninnu purappettathinusesham, "veche" oru raajakumaaranekkurichulla abhyarthana yoori vsevolodovichinte sahodaranaaya periyaslav salesskyile rajakumaaranaaya yaroslav vsevolodovichinu ayachu.
mikhaayil chernihivilekku madangiyethi ekadesham oru varshathinusesham, addeham oru rajavamsha tharkkathil earppettathaayi thonnunnu kurskile oleg swaattoslaavichu addehathinethire yuddham cheyyaan thayyarayirunnu. labhyamaya thelivukal soochippikkunnathu tharkkatthinte asthikoodam novorod-siversky aayirunnu ennaanu. charitrakaaranmaar mikhailineyo olegineyo thettupattiyathin kuttappeduthunnilla ennathu sradheyamaanu, ithu oororutharkkum nyayamaaya kaaranamundennu soochippikkunnu. 1227 leeii shaithyakaalath, yoori vsevolodovichum addehathinte anantharavanmaarum (rostovinte prins vasilco konstaantinovichum periyaaslaavile prins vsevoload konstaantinovichum) oleg swaattoslaavichinethir mikhailine sahayikkaan vannu; avarkk purame, keevile metropolittan kiril onnaaman mikhailine olegumaayi anurajanam cheyyaan sahayichu, avar novgorod severskinte rajakumaaranaayi maari.
1228-ll keevile grand prins vladymyr moonnaaman rouricovich mikhailine vilichuvaruthi, lutsk, chertorisk pattanangal pidicheduttha volodymyrile rajakumaran danielle romanovichine kaamenettukalil aakramichu. ennirunnaalum, uparodhathe prathirodhikkanulla kazhivu kooduthal aakarshakamaaya kaamenettukale pidichedukkunnathil avar parajayappettu, kaaranam vladymyr moonnaaman rouricovich thante ellah sakhyakakshikaleyum akramichathaayi aaropikkappedunnu.
1228 desemberil, novgorodile saadhaaranakkaar "tisyaatski" vyacheslaavinethire aayudangal uyarthi, addehathinte sthaanathu boris neegochevichine niyamikkukayum oru puthiya karar anusarichu madangaan yaroslav vsevolodovichine shanikkukayum cheythu. thangalude ellah nibandhanakalum jnjaanikalaaya yaroslaavinte ellah niyamangalum addeham paalikkanamenn avar nirbandhichu; addehathinu "saaboshnits" (warehouseukalaayi pravartthikkunna pallikalkk chumathunna prathyeka nikuthi) raddaakkukayum novgorodian rajyangalil thante jadjimaare niyamikkunnath nirthukayum cheyyendivannu. 1229 februvari 20nuu, yaroslav vsevolodovichinte puthranmaar (fedor yaroslaavichum aleksaandar yaroslaavichum) avarude pithaavinte aduthekku palayanam cheythu. novgorodiyakkaarkk mikhailinodu vaakk labhichu, kshanam labhichathode addeham novgorodilekku purappettu; meyy maasatthinte thudakkathil addeham novgorodiletthi.
maikhailum tounmentum yaroslav vsevolodovichinte adhikaarathe unarthunnathinulla nadapadikal avatharippichu "veche" vnessed vodovikkine puthiya "posadnic" aayi niyamikkukayum addehathinte mattu bharanaadhikaarikale neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu. yaroslav vsevolodovichinte anuyaayikalkk kanatha pizha chumathiya sesham, novagorodiyakkar oru puthiya paalatthinte nirmmaanathinu panam nalki muzhuvan samoohathinteyum prayojanathinaayi panam upayogichu.
mikhayilinte novgorod anukoola niyamanirmmaanathil pattana udyogastharkku raajakumaarante kurachu adikaaram nalkunnathu ulppedunnu swantham jadjimaare niyamikkaan addeham "boyaarukale" anuvadichu. addeham "saabosnits" raddaakkukayum mattu raajyangalilekku palayanam cheyyukayum avarude novgorodian veedukalilekku madangaan sammathikkukayum cheytha karshakarkk anchu varshathekku kappam nalkunnathinu moratorium earppeduthukayum saadhaaranakkaarude nikuthi bharam kuraykkukayum cheythu. novgorodil ekadesham moonnu maasam chelavazhicha sesham mikhaayil veettilekku madangi. novgorodil ninnu poyathinushesham addeham thante makan rostislavu mikhailovichine thante lafttanantaayi thudaraan niyogikkukayum chernihivilekku madangiyethiyappol pramukha novgorodiyakkaare koode kondupookukayum cheythu.
1230 meyy maasathil addeham novgorodilekku madangukayum avide thante makane simhaasanathil prathishtikkukayum cheythu. purappedunnathinu munbu, septambar 14 nakam sainyavumayi madangumennu addeham novgorodiyakkaarkk vaagdaanam nalki. septambar 14 nakam sainyathe konduvaramennu mikhaayel vaagdaanam cheythirunnuvenkilum desember aayathinal addeham athiyittillaathathinaal durbalamaaya nyaayeekaranathil desember 8 nuu novgorodiakkaar rostislavu mikhailovichine pithaavinte aduthekku palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhichu. eee reethiyil yaroslav vsevolodovichinte anuyaayikal avasaanamaayi maariyathupole, novgorodil ninnu oolgovichiye purathaakki. avar yaroslav vsevolodovichine vilichuvaruthi, desember 30nuu addeham ethi. athesamayam, viyojippullavarude oru coor mikhailinodu abhayam thedi; novgorodil thante aadhipathyam urappikkunnathinaayi, yaroslav vsevolodovichinu mikhailine pinthuna nalkunnathil ninnu thadayendi vannu.
chernigov rajakumaran keevu rajakumaran.
1231-leeii venalkkaalatho sharathkaalatho, keevile grand prins vladymyr moonnaaman roorikovichinethire mikhaayil yuddham cheythu, addeham danielle romanovichin (mikhaayilte bhaaryaasahodaran) sahaayathinaayi oru abhyarthana ayachu. daniyil romanovic vannu rund rajakumaaranmaareyum samaadhaanippichathaayi nammodu parayappedunnu.
1231-leeii sharathkaalathil yaroslav vsevolodovich vyattikki pradeshangalude vadakkupadinjaaran jilla aakramichu. addeham serenskill theevechu (mikkavarum ithu mikhayilinte paarambaryatthinte bharana kendramaayirunnu), ennaal addeham mosalsk uparodhichappol athu pidichedukkaan parajayappettu. ennirunnaalum, samadhaanathil athippedaan yaroslav visammathichu, ithu mikhaayel thante lakshyangal pinthudaraan thayyaaraanenn soochippichu, mikhaayel novgorodian olichodiyavare thante rajyangalil ninnu puratthaakkumvare. 1231 avasaanathode venesd vodovic chernihivil vachu marichu; avarude paraspara prathinjakal kaaranam vodovikkine pinthunaykkaan mikhaayil baadhyasthanaayirunnu, vodovikkinte maranam addehathe aaa baadhyathayil ninnu mochippichu. athinaal, "tisyaatski" boris neegochevichum addehathinte samghavum 1232 leeii eesttarinu munbu chernihiv vittu.
1232-ll vladymyr moonnaaman rouricovich ayacha sainyam daniyil romanovichinte bhoomi akramicha bolokhoveniyile rajakumaaranmaare pinthudarnnu pidikoodukayum avare randaamathethinu kaimarukayum cheythu. mikhailum putteeval rajakumaaranaaya isiyaslavu vladimirovichum avare mochippikkaan visammathichaal daniel romanovichine aakramikkumenn bheeshanippedutthi. vladymyr ruricovich daniyil romaanovichumaayulla karar puthukkippanithenkilum, mikhailum isiyaslavu vladimirovichum avarkkethire yuddham thudarnnu. 1235 januvariyil vladymyr ruricovichum daniyil romanovich chernihiv akramikkukayum chuttupaadukal kollayadikkukayum mikhailine keezhadakkaamenna pratheekshayil puram pattanatthinu theeyittu. ennirunnaalum, vladymyr moonnaaman roorikkovichine upekshikkukayaanenkil addeham daniel romanovichin niravadhi sammanangal vaagdaanam cheythu. danielle romanovic sammathikkukayum uparodham pinvalikkaan vladymerine prerippikkaan sramikkukayum cheythu; ennaal raathriyil mikhaayel chernihivil ninnu purathukadannu danielle romanovichinte sainyathe athbhuthathode pidikoodukayum avaril palareyum kollukayum cheythu. addehathinte bhaaryaasahodaran rakshappedaathe keevan bhoomiyilekku pinwangan nirbandhithanaayi.
isiyaslavu vladymirovich kumanmare konduvarikayum thudarnnu pinthudarukayum cheiyunnathuvare mikhaayil kaathirunnu. vladymyr ruricovichum daniyil romanovich parajayappetta torchesinu sameepam irupakshavum ettumutti, munpullavarum niravadhi "boyaarukalum" bandikalaakkappettu. athesamayam, mikhaayilinte sakhyakakshikal keevu pidichedutthu, avide addeham novgorod vazhi keevilekku vanna jarmman vyaapaarikale avarude charakkukalk redemption phees nalkukayum thudarnnu addehathinte pavayaya isyaslav misttislaavichine (rostislaavichikalirol) simhaasanathil niyamikkukayum cheythu.
torcheskile paraajayatthil ninnu daniel romanovic halikkilekku madangiyethiyathinu sheshamulla oru velippeduthaatha theeyathiyil, athinte "boyar" vimathanaayi addehathe hangariyilekku palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhithanaakki. septambar avasaanathode, mikhaayil hallich pidichadakki, athesamayam addehathinte sakhaakkalaaya isyaslav vladymirovich kaamenettukal pidichedutthu. 1236 leeii vasanthakaalath mikhaayel volhiniyayile daniel romanovichine aakramichu. swantham anuyaayikalkk purame, orupakshe galishyan "boyar", bolokhoveniyile rajakumaranmar, keevan deshathu ninnulla sainikar ennivarum addehathodoppam undaayirunnirikkam. kumaanukale konduvaraan addeham isyaslav vladymirovichineyum ayachu; oduvil, daniel romaanovichumaayulla souhrudabandham vichedicha masovia (ammavan) duke konraad onnaamane addeham vilichu. addehathinte aakramana senayude valippam soochippikkunnathu thante bhaaryaasahodarante thalasthaanamaaya volodymyr-volinsky pidichedukkaan addeham uddeshichirunnuvenna. ennirunnaalum, kumanmar galishyan bhoomi kollayadichu, mikhaayiline thante pracharanam upekshikkaan nirbandhithanaakki.
athesamayam, hangariyile belah naalaaman rajaavu mikhailumaayulla pithaavinte karar puthukki, haalichinulla avakaashavaadam upekshikkukayum mikhailinu sainika sahayam nalkaan sammathikkukayum cheythu. 1236-leeii venalkkaalathinte thudakkathil, danielle romanovich sahodaran vasilco romanovich mikhailinethire march cheyyaan avarude sainyathe aninirathi. ennirunnaalum, addeham thante anuyaayikal, praadeshika milishya, hangariyanmaarude oru samgham ennivarodoppam haalichil svayam thadanju. hallick pidichedukkunnathil ninnu pinthirinja avar, athinte vadakkan outpost swenigorod pidichedutthu avarude nirasha samippikkaan shramichuvenkilum avidatthe pouranmaar akramanam pinthirippichu. hungarian sainyam poyathinushesham, danielle romanovic veendum shramichu; munkaalangalil nivaasikal thanne pinthunachirunna presemissial nalkikkond maikhaayel thante bhaaryaasahodarane samaadhaanippikkaan shramichu.
athesamayam, vlaadimirile grand prins yoori randaaman vsevolodovichum daniel romanovich oru karar roopeekarikkukayum isyaslav mistislaavichinu pakaram vanna vladymyr ryoorikkovichine keevu ozhiyaan nirbandhikkukayum yoori vsevolodovichinte sahodaran yaroslav vsevolodovichine pattanatthilekku niyamikkukayum cheythu. randaamathethu 1236 maarchode keeviletthiyengilum thante bharanam shakthippeduthunnathil parajayappetta addeham susdaliyayilekku madangi. hallick bharikkan thante makane niyamicha sesham mikhaayil keevilekku vannu, avide addeham athirillaathe praveshichu. keevu kaivashappedutthiya udan thanne adhehavum makan presemishaline akramikkukayum daniyil romanovichil ninnu athu thirike edukkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1237 oode haalikkile janangal daniel romanovichine vilichu rajakumaaranaayi niyamichu; mikhaayilinte makan bela naalaaman raajaavinte aduthekku oodippoyi, haalikkile ellah "boyaarukalum" mikhaayilinte bhaaryaasahodaran keezhadangi.
russiayude mangolian adhinivesham.
1237-leeii shaithyakaalath battu khaan ryaasaante athirthikalilethi; ryaasaanile rajakumaran yoori engwaarevichu thante sahodaranaaya ingvar engvaarevichine mikhailinodu sahayam thedaan chernihivilekku ayachirikkaam, pakshe addeham durithatthilaaya raajakumaaranmaarkk sainyathe ayachilla. desember 21nuu mangoliyakkaar ryasan pidichedukkukayum keevu, chernihiv ennividangalil ninnulla avarude bandhukkalude sambathu ulppede nivaasikalude nidhikal kollayadikkukayum cheythu.
1238 maarchil yoori randaaman vesvolodovichinte sainyathe paraajayappedutthukayum addehathe kollukayum cheytha mangoliyar avarude march thudarukayum vyattikki pradeshangalil avar kosalsk pattanatthil athukayum athine takarkkaan 7 aazhcha kashtappedukayum cheythu. mikhaayilte mosalsk, serensk ennee pradeshangalkkum ithe vidhi sambhavichathayi puraavastu thelivukal velippeduthunnu.
mangolian adhiniveshathinte randaam ghattam 1239-ll aarambhichu; march 3-nuu oru samgham periyaslaval pidichu athinu theeyittu. periyaslav veenu adhikam taamasiyaathe, mikhaayil kaamenettukalilekku pooyi keevil ninnu thante anuyaayikale oru pothu ozhippikkal samghadippichu. ennirunnaalum, susdaliyayile yaroslav vsevolodovichinu thante lakshyasthaanathekkurichu vivaram labhichu; addeham kaamenettukal uparodhikkukayum mikhaayilinte bharya pidikoodukayum dhaaraalam kollakal pidichedukkukayum cheythu, pakshe mikhaayilin rakshapettu keevilekku madangendivannu. thante sahodariye (mikhayilinte bhaarya) thadavilaakkiyittundenna daniyil romanovic arinjappol, avale thante aduthekku ayaykkaan addeham yaroslav vsevolodovichinodu aavasyappettu.
1239-leeii sharathkaalathil, october 18-nuu chernihiv kaivashappedutthiya mangoliyar samadhaanam nirddeshichu keevilekku doothanmaare ayachuvenkilum mikhaayil keezhadangan visammathichu. 1240-nte aadya pakuthiyil, battu khaan monge reconiter keevilekku ayachathaayi nammodu parayappedunnu; addehathinte doothanmaar randaam thavana mikhaililekku vannappol addehathe keezhadangan prerippikkaan shramichappol, addeham thante doothanmaare vadhich khaane ethirthu. mikhaayilin ippozhum aashrayikkaan kazhiyunna russian sainyangal addehathinte swantham "drushina" yum keevan milissia aayirunnu, athinaal addeham hangariyilekku palayanam cheythu.
neeppar nadiyude padinjaaran theerathe adhiniveshathinu munbulla araajakathvathil, cheria prinselingukalum "boyaarukalum" adikaaram pidichedukkaan avasarangal prayojanappedutthi rostislavu mistislaavichu keevu pidichedutthu, pakshe daniel romanovic addehathe purathaakki.
athesamayam, mikhaayil hangariyil athiyappol avide thante makan rostislavu mikhailovichinte raajaavinte makalumaayi vivaham nadatthaan shramichu. mikhaayilinte duravasthayude velichathil, atharamoru sakhyam roopeekarikkunnathil belah naalaaman oru nettavum kaanathe mikhaayilineyum makaneyum hangariyil ninnu purathaakki. masoviayil, mikhaayilin ammavanil ninnu ooshmalamaaya swaagatham labhichu, pakshe anurajanam theduka ennathaanu uchithamaaya nadapadiyennu addeham theerumaanikkukayum thante bhaaryaasahodarante aduthekku doothanmaare ayakkukayum cheythu. inii orikkalum danielle romanovichine athirkkillennu prathinjja cheytha mikhaayel bhaviyil haalichil enthengilum sramangal nadathumennu prathijnjayedutthu. danielle romanovic addehathe volhiniyayilekku shanikkukayum bharya thirike nalkukayum keevinte niyanthranam upekshikkukayum cheythu. mangolian aakramanathethudarnnu, mikhaayil keevilekku madangaathe thante bhaaryaasahodarane avide thudaraan anuvadichu.
1240 avasaanathode battu khaan thante sainyavumayi keevine valanju, desember 6nuu pattanam thakarnnu. keevinte vidhi arinja mikhaayilinte sthaanam volhiniyayilninnu pinvalikkukayum randaam thavana ammaavante anugrahangalkkmel svayam adichelppikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, mangoliyakkaarum masovia bheeshanippeduthiyappol addeham padinjaaru saileshyayile vroklaavilekku yaatra cheythu. addehathinte caravan vadakkupadinjaraayi sammarddam cheluthiyappol, athu shrodayilethi, avide pradeshavaasikal mikhayilinte train aakramichu; avar addehathinte saadhanangal kollayadikkukayum addehathinte kochumakal ulppede niravadhi aalukale kollukayum cheythu. mangoliyakkaar saileshya akramikkukayum aakramanakaarikal volhiniyayiloodeyum poolish raajyangaliloodeyum kadannupoya sesham mikhaayil masoviayilekku madangukayum cheythu.
avasana varshangal.
1241-leeii vasanthakaalath, veettilekku pogunnathu surakshithamaanennu addeham karuthi. thakarnnupoya volodymyr pattanatthil addeham nirtthi, vadakkukizhakkan pinskilekk sawari cheythu, thudarnnu pripyaatt nadiyil ninnu keevilekku yaatra cheythu. battu khaante udyogasthan kotta kaivashappeduthiyirikkaanum kottayile thante kottaratthilekku madangaan kazhiyaathathinal addeham "podil" (pazhaya keevu thakarkkapettu) enna dveepinaduthulla oru dveepil thaamasichu. battu khaante manushyan addehathinte varavine velluvilikkathathil abhayaarthi rajakumaaranmaare avarude takarnna pattanangalilekku thadassamillaathe madangaan mangoliyar thayyaaraanenn soochippikkunnu.
1242ll belah naalaaman thante makale (hangariyilekku palayanam cheytha) makan rostislavu mikhailovichumaayi vivaham kazhippichathaayi arinjappol, arpad raajavamshavumaayi sakhyamundakkaanulla thante sramangal oduvil saakshaathkarikkappettuve mikhaayil vishwasichu. athinaal atharamoru sakhyathodoppam saadhaaranayaayi varunna karaarukal charcha cheiyumennu pratheekshichukondu addeham hangariyilekku pooyi. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte prathekshakal thakarnnu raajaavinte kottaaratthil vannappol rajaavum makan addehathe nirasichu. makanodu valareyadhikam deshyappetta mikhaayil chernihivilekku ozhinja kaikondu madangi.
athesamayam, battu khaan ellah rajakumaaranmaarodum saraay sandarshikkaanum addehathinu adaranjali arppikkaanum utharavittu. soosdalile rajakumaaranaaya yaroslav vsevolodovich aanu samansinode aadyam prathikarichathu 1243-nte thudakkathil addeham saraayiyilekku yaatra cheythu, avide battu khaan addehathe russiayile muthirnna rajakumaaranaayi niyamichu. suzdalilek madangiyethiya sesham addeham keevu bharikkan thante senadhipane ayachu. athanusarichu, aaa varsham randaam bhaagathil kurachukaalam, mikhaayel keevinu thaazheyulla dveepile thante rajasabha upekshichu chernihivilekku madangi. ennaal avideppolum addehathinte adikaaram arakshithamaayirunnu russiayile matellaa rajakumaaranmaareyum pole, thante paarambaryatthe bharikkunnathinayi addehathinu battu khaante pettant (yarlik) nedendivannu.
rakthasaakshithvavum aaradhanayum.
1245 avasaanathode, moonnu muthirnna rajakumaaranmaaril ninnulla mikhaayil maathramaan ithuvare vijayiyude aduthekku kayattiyath. oduvil, thante domaininethire mangolian shikshaanadapadikal munkootty nirthivekkaan mikhaayil samayabandhithanayi; rostovile boris vaasilkovichu enna kochumakan addehathodoppam chernnu.
avar saraayiyil athiyappol, battu khaan mikhayilinte campilekku doothanmaare ayachu, mangoliyarude niyamangalkkanusarichu theeykkum vigrahangalkkum munnil vanangi aaradhikkaan nirddeshichu. khaante munnil vanangaan mikhaayel sammathichenkilum vigrahangale aaraadhikkaanulla thante kalppana anusarikkaan visammathichukondu addeham mangoline apamaanichu. raajakumaarante marupadiyil prakopithanaaya battu khaan addehathe vadhikkan utharavittu. puttivalukalude doman addehathe vadikkukayum addehathinte "boyar" addehathe pinthudarnnu kollappedukayum cheythu. addehathinte maranam report cheiyunna ettavum pazhaya charitramaaya novgorod aadya charithratthil avarude mrithadehangal naaykkalkku erinjathaayi vivarikkunnu; ennaal daivika anugrahathinte adayaalamaayi, avarude shareerangal thulachukayaraathe thudarnnu, avayude mail agni sthambhangal veenu.
russiayile janangal thangalude maranashesham udan thanne mikhailineyum fedorineyum rakthasakshikalaayi amgeekarichathaayi charitra vivarana vivaranagal kaanikkunnu. athanusarichu, avarude mrithadehangal pinneedu chernihivilekku konduvarikayum vishudha rakshaka cathedralil avarkkayi samarppichirikkunna oru side-chappalil (chernigovinte atbhutha pravartthakar) samskarikkukayum cheythu.
addehathinte bhaarya addehathe athijeevikkukayum addehathinte aaradhanaye prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte makal maria avarude makkalaya boris gleb vaasilkovichum septambar 20 nuu chernigovile atbhutha pravartthakarude virunnu udghaadanam cheyyukayum avarude bahumaanaartham oru palli nirmmikkukayum cheythu. kanyasthreeyaaya evfrosiniyaayitheerntheer avalude sahodari fiodula pathinezhaam noottaandile oru vivaranathil ninnu vidhikkan thante aaradhanaye munnott kondupoyi, athu suzdalil avarkkayi samarppichirikkunna oru thadi chaappalinte asthithvam report cheiyunnu.
1547ll eee aaraadhanaykk amgeekaaram labhichu. 1578ll chernihiv thoonukalaal kaivashappeduthiyappol, ivan IV dhii deyaril rund vishudharude avashishtangal moscoylake kondupoyi, avide avare pradhana maalakhayaaya vishudha maikkilinte cathedralil sthaapichu. prathyekichum adichamarthal samayangalil, eee rakthasaakshikale russiakkaar daivathinu munnil avarude prathyeka prathinidhikalayi kanakkaakkiyittund.
vivaahavum kuttikalum.
maikkal orikkal vivaham kazhikkukayum niravadhi kuttikalundaavukayum cheythuvenkilum chuvadeyulla pattikayile avasaanathe naalu kuttikalude nilanilpp tharkkavishayamaan.
addehathinte pingaamikal.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil, mikhaayil ninnu uthbhavicha niravadhi kudumba shaakhakal abhivridhippettu barriattinsky, gorchakovi, dolgorukki, elatski, swenigorodsky, koltsovi-mosalsky, obolensky, odovsky, sherbattovi.
nicolas bongarten thante "jeniyalogeesett mariages osidentox dess ruriquides russes duu seey aou xiiiii saikkil" enna kruthiyil mikhayilinte pingaamikalennu aaropikkappedunnavare sambandhicha thaazhepparayunna pradhana anubandhangal ulppeduthiyittundu. pradhaanamaayum, naalu rajakumaranmar-roman, simiyoon, mistislaavu, yoori (yoori)-bhoothakaalathum varthamaanakaalathum prasidheekaricha mikka vamshaavalikalilum (dolgorukov, vlassev, ikonikov, ferrand, dumin, grebelsky muthalaayava) avakaashappedunnu.) addehathinte puthranmaraayum niravadhi russian naatturaajyangalude poorvvikar enna nilayilum oru yadhaartha charitra rekhayilum prathyakshatthil kaanapedunnilla, pathinaram noottaandil rachicha vamshaavalikalil aadyamaayi prathyakshappedunnu-allengil kooduthal sangalppithamaayirikkaam-ithu europian raajakudumbangalkkidayile saangalppika vamshavali abhilaashangalkk saakshyam vahichu (habsburgs juuliyas seaserinte cussin sextessil ninnu (mattullavaykkoppam) vamshavali avakashappettu; jorjiyayile baagraattidukal, baibil rajaavaaya davidil ninnu; kanyaka meriyude cussinsil ninnu; muscovite tsaarukal, august seaseril ninnu, peredukkaan kurachu):
srothassukal.