
vilamathikkaanaavaatha (parasya pracharanam)

1997ll aarambhicha maastarkaardinte oru parasya prachaaranamaan amoolyamaayathu, "panatthinu vaangaan kazhiyaatha chila kaaryangalund; matellattinum maastarkaard undu" enna mudraavaakyam upayogikkunnu. sthiravum thirichariyaavunnathumaaya oru sandesham maastarkaard nalkiyittundu.
charithram.
eee "vilamathikkaanaavaatha" parasyangalil aadyathethu 1997 leeii loka parambarayilaanu pradharshippichathu. niravadhi vyathyastha television, radio, print parasyangal undaayirunnu. maastarkaard oru vyaapaaramudrayaayi "amoolyamaayathu" rajisttar cheythu. nadan billie crudup us vipaniyile shabdamaanu; nadan jacq davenport yukeyile shabdamaayirunnu. prachaaranatthinte yadhaartha ashayavum ashayavum mccan eriksante parasya ejansiyil ninnaan (1997 ll ithinu peru nalkiyathu pole).
maastarkaardine narmabodhamulla oru sauhruda credit card kambaniyaayi sthaapikkuka, athupole thanne ellaam charakkukalayi maarunnu enna pothujanangalude aashankayodu prathikarikkuka, aalukal valareyadhikam bhouthikavaadikalaayitheeruka ennivayaanu prachaaranatthinte uddeshyam.
cases.
1994ll arjanteenayil janicha edgardo apestegviya baankaardinte credit kaardinaayi paaragveyil oru parasya kaambayin srishtichu. panatthinu vaangaan kazhiyaatha chila kaaryangalund, ennaal matellattinum bancard undu" ennathaayirunnu athinte mudraavaakyam. 1999ll amerikkayil "vilamathikkaanaavaatha" mudraavaakya parasyangal rajisttar cheythathum akkaalat naafttayum beederman pablisistukalum paaragveyil prathinidheekarichathumaaya maastarkaardinum avarude publisist mccan ethire paaraagveyilum chiliyilum koppiyadi kesukal phayal cheythu.
paaradikal.
ithe maathruka upayogichaanu niravadhi paaradikal nirmmichirikkunnathu, prathyekichu komadi centralil, maastarkaard niyamaparamaaya nadapadiye bheeshanippeduthiyittundum, atharam paaradikale federal, stettu vyaapaaramudraykkum anyayamaaya malsara niyamangalkkum keezhilum federal, stettu aanti-dilution niyamangalkkum keezhilum pakarppavakasha niyamathinum keezhilum athinte avakaashangalude lamghanamaayi maastarkaard kaanunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee avakaashavaadangalkkidayilum, upabhokthru abhibhashakanum president sthaanaarthiyumaaya ralph nather swantham "vilamathikkaanaavaatha" rashtreeya parasyangal nirmmichathinu sesham addehathinethire konduvanna suit maastarkaardil (naalu varshathe poraattatthinu sesham) vijayichu. thiranjeduppu parasyangalil bush, gorr prachaaranangalude korpparettu dhanasahaayathe nather vimarshichirunnu. maastarkaard "amoolyamaaya" prachaaranatthinu pinnile prameyavum chila bhaashakalum upayogichu thiranjeduppu rund sthaanaarthikalkkum korpparettu thalpparyangal sambhavana cheytha dollar thuka vyakthamaakkukayum thudarnnu "sathyam kandethuka" ennu samgrahikkukayum cheythu... vilamathikkaanaavaatha ". maastarkaard naadarinte prachaarana samithikkethire kesedukkukayum parasyangal nirthaan thaalkkaalika niyanthrana utharavu phayal cheyyukayum cheythu. troo anuvadichilla, koodaathe nyayamaaya upayoga sidhaanthathinu keezhil avaa samrakshikkappedunnuvennu avakaashappett nader parasyangale prathirodhichu.
2002ll, oru aankutti avalude maathaapithaakkalude veedinu munnil kaamukiyumayi svakaaryamaayi samsaarikkunna oru viidiyoo prasidheekarichu, abadhathil intercomil kaii pidichu. videoic pinnil maastarkaard undaayekkaamenn chila srothassukal vaadichu.
2011ll wikileaks sthaapakan juuliyan assange avarude swathukkal maravippichathinu marupadiyaayi oru parady viidiyoo prasidheekarichu.

