
echms resolute (1850)

artic paryaveshanathinaayi prathyekamaayi sajjeekarichirikkunna britiish royal neviyude 19-aamm noottaandinte madhyathil bark rigged kappalaayirunnu echms "resolute". "resolute" manjil kudungukayum 1854ll upekshikkappedukayum cheythu. oru american thimingalakkadathukaaran avale veendedukkukayum 1856ll victoria raajnjiyude aduthekku thirike konduvarikayum cheythu. kappalil ninnulla thadikal pinneedu american presidentinu sammaanicha "resolute" desk nirmmikkaan upayogikkukayum vaitt house oval offeesil sthithicheyyukayum cheythu.
charithram.
sarr joonn franklinte artic paryaveshanatthinte vidhiyekkurich vardhichuvarunna aashankakalkkidayilum 1845ll vadakku padinjaaran paatha thedi brittan vitta britiish sarkkar 1848ll paryaveshanathinaayi paryaveshanangal ayachu. 1848num 1850num idayil aarr vyaapaarakkappalukal vaangukayum taamasiyaathe paryaveshanakkappalukalayi parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheythu rund steemshippukal, echms "pioneer", echms "intrepid", mattu naalu ("resolut", kadal sanjarikkunna kappalukal). frankline thedi aadyamaayi kappal purappettath echms "herald" aayirunnu, kyapttan henry kellatt aayirunnu. "canaden aarttikkile padinjaaran bhaagangalil tirayan "herald" berring kadalidukkiloode pooyi. 1850-ll echms "investigettar", kyapttan mcclure, echms "enterprise", kyapttan collinson ennivare padinjaaru ninnu aarttikkilekk ayachu.
"munbu bark 'ptarmigan' ennariyappettirunna 'resolut' 1850 februvari 21 nuu vaangukayum oru maasathinu sesham punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu. blackwall sivilian kappalsala blackwall yard artic sevanathinaayi sajjeekarichirikkunna refittingil sakthamaaya thadikal, oru aantharika choodaakkal samvidaanam, oru figureheadayi oru dhruva karadi enniva ulppedunnu.
dridanishchayam" (munnira), "sahayam", "pioneer", "nirbhayathvam" ennivaykkidayil horassio thomas oosttinte neethrthwathil kizhakkan artic kappal yaatra cheythu. beachy dveepile franklinte aadyathe shaityakaala kyaambinte adayaalangal paryaveshanatthil kandethi.
sheetakaala maasangalil, 1850 october muthal 1851 march vare, randaamathe maasttar jorjju eph. result" ennathil ninnulla mcdogal "intrepid" ennathil ninnulla lefttanant sherard osbone "elastrated artic nyoos" ennathil edittarmaar "baaro strait" ennu thiricharinja anchu vivaranagal prasidheekarichu. dridanishchayam" englandile avarude swantham thuramukhathekku thirike nalkia sesham, 1852-ll kaiyezhuthuprathi paper landanil achadichu. britiish myusiyathileyum kembridjile scott pollar research instittyoottileyum prabandhangalude nilavilulla pakarppukale attwood (1997) paraamarsikkunnu.
belcher paryaveshanam.
englandilekku madangiyethiya sesham, oosttinu niyogikkappetta squadroninu saadhanangal labikkukayum sarr edward belcharude neethrthwathil sthaapikkukayum cheythu. beachy dveepil oru dippo kappalayi avasheshikkunna "north staar" enna anchaamathe kappal chertthathode belcher paryaveshanam vardhichu. belcharude utharavukalil inipparayunna lakshyangal adangiyirunnu kizhakkan canaden aarttikkilekk thirachil vipuleekarichukondu franklin kandethuka, allengil addehathinte vidiyekkurichulla thelivukal; beachy dveepile paryaveshanatthe vibhajikkukayum frankline thirayunnathinaayi "dridanishchayavum" "dheerathayum" ulla padinjaaru ayaykkukayum cheyyuka, athupole "anweshakanum" "samrambhakan" surakshithamaaya vyavasthakal. 1852 eprilil eee paryaveshanam englandil ninnu purappettu, pinneedu 1852 augustil baffin ulkkadal padinjarottu kadannu. beachy dveepil anchu kappalukalude othucheralinu sesham schwadronine vibhajikkendathu aavashyamaayirunnu. munnira "asisttans" umm avalude steem tender "pioneer" umm vellington chaanalilekk vadakkott neengi. "dridanishchayam", kyapttan kellattinte keezhil, "dheera", "dheera", padinjarottu neengukayum "vadakkan nakshatram" beachy dveepil thudarukayum cheythu. 1852-ll, artic paryavekshanam cheytha ezhu rajakeeya naavika kappalukalil, victoria dveepinte kizhakkan theerathu franklinte paryaveshanatthinte adayaalangal oru cheria thadi roopathil "enterprise" maathramaan kandethiyathu.
resolute" enna samghaamgangal wiscond melville shabdathinte vadakkan theerathinaduthulla dealy dveepinte nischalamaaya karaa manjil sheetakaala campum oru thaalkkaalika dock sthaapichu. 1853 leeii vasanthakaalathum venalkkaalathum, "investigettar", "enterprise" enniva kandethaamenna pratheekshayil franklin evideyaanennathinte soochanakalkkaayi "dridanishchayamulla" "," nirbhaya "samghangal kappalil kayari. franklin allengil "enterprise" enniva avar kandethiyitla, pakshe 1853 eprilil kyapttan mcclurineyum addehathinte jeevanakkareyum aise-boundu kappalile echms "investigettare" kandethunnathilum rakshikkunnathilum avar vijayichu. 1850 muthal kappal manjil maravippichathinaal "investigettar" upekshikkaan kyapttan kellatt mcclurinode utharavittu. sariyaaya vasanthakaalavum venalkkaala urukalum illaathathinaal kappal akannu. eee avastha kroovinu kadutha budhimuttu srishtichu, ithu kroovinu oru varshathilereyaayi avarude ration kuraykkaan nirbandhithamaakki. shaithyakaalam aarambhikkunnathin munbu, dealy dveepil paatha thurannirikkumbol, 1852-53 sheetakaala camp pirichuvidukayum "dridanishchayavum" "nirbhayavum" kizhakode sanjarikkukayum cheythu. 1853 augustil, oru thanutha munbhagam thuranna paatha maravippikkan kaaranamaayi, ithu manjil "resolute" aayi pothinju. vellathinte ozhukkum athinaal manjum padinjaaru ninnu kizhakode aayathinal, "dridatha" prathidinam ekadesham kizhakode neengi. kappal jeevanakkar kappalinte kappalukalum deckinu thaazheyulla mukalile rigging nirtthi shaithyakaalathinaayi kappal thayyarakki. "1854 leeii vasanthakaalath "dridanishchayam" eee phloo aise kondu chuttappettirunnu. eprilil, "dridanishchayam" upekshikkaan belcher kyapttan kellattinodu utharavittu. prathishedham undaayirunnittum kellatt utharavukal anusarikkukayum shaithyakaalathinaayi kappal thayyarakkukayum cheythu. meyy maasathil, kyapttan kellatt pathukke neengunna phloo aissil "dridanishchayathode" poottukayum beachy dveepile paryaveshanatthinte kappalukalilekku ethaan thante aalukale aise kadannu kadinamaaya maarchil nayikkukayum cheythu. 1853 leeii vasanthakaalath kellatt rakshappeduthiya "anweshakan" nte udyogastharum jeevanakkarum "dhirarum" "nischayadaartyamullavarumaaya" purushanmaarum avarude ennathil ulppedunnu.
belcharinte kappalile mattu rund pradhana kappalukal, munnira "asisttans", avarude steem tender, "pioneer" enniva upekshikkappettu. 1854 meyy-august maasangalkkidayil belcher beachy dveepil ethi. aalukale "north staar", rund durithaashwaasa kappalukal ennivayude kroo aayi vibhajichu koodaathe, tirakkeriya "north staar" kappal kayaran pookumbool thanne beachy dveepil ethi. 1854 august 29nuu avar beachy dveepil ninnu purappettu.
dridanishchayam" ulppedeyulla kappalukal ippozhum avarude raajaavinte swathaanennu britiish sarkkar "lunden gasattil" prakhyaapichu, pakshe rakshappeduthaan sramichilla.
1855 septambar 10 nuu, upekshikkappetta "dridanishchayam" connectikkattile grotenile jaims buddington nayikkunna american thimingalathozhilaali "jorjju henry" baffin dveepile cape walsinghamil oru aise floyil olichupokunnathaayi kandethi. 1856 octoberil "newyork jenal" enna lekhanathil kyapttan boodington samghavum thammilulla ettumuttalinekkurichu parayunnu 
 buddington thante samghathe vibhajikkukayum 13 pere "dridanishchayathil" thannodoppam kondupookukayum cheythu. chrismus raavil addeham connectikkattile nyoo landanile veettilethi.
1856 nuu munbu nashtappetta franklin paryaveshanathinaayi nadatthiya mikka paryaveshanangalkkum britiish gavanmento britiish saamrajyathinullil ninnulla pothu subscriptiono dhanasahayam nalkiyirunnuvenkilum, rund paryaveshanangalkk dhanasahayam nalkiyathu newyork vyapariyum nyoo bedfordile kappal udamayumaaya henry grinnelaanu, koodaathe yunaittad stetts gavanment nalkia sahayavum. virjeeniyayile senattar jaims mesan, "dridanishchayam" punasthaapikkunnathinum "deseeya maryada" yude aamgyamaayi englandilekku thirike nalkunnathinumulla bill kongras avatharippichu. eee billine pinthunachu grinnell ezhuthi. yunaittad stetts kongras 40,000 dollarinu "resolute" vaangi. orikkal reefit cheytha commander henry jeey. 1856 desember 13 nuu victoria raajnikku kappal samathvathinte adayaalamaayi sammaanikkunnathinaayi hartestein englandilekku "dridanishchayam" nadatthi.
franklin paryaveshanathinaayi oru puthiya paryaveshanathinaayi punasthaapikkappetta "dridanishchayam" veendum upayogikkappedumennu grinnel lady jaine franklinum pratheekshichu. joonn reey kandethiya thelivukal kroo kadinamaaya avasthakal anubhavichathinaal avarude maranathilekku nayichuvennu nyayamaaya samshayathinu atheethamaayi theliyichu. britiish sarkkar nirasichu. 1859ll franklinte vidiyekkurichulla eaka rekhaamoolamulla vivaranam kandethiya francis leopold mcclintokkinte keezhil lady franklin oru swakaarya paryaveshanam samghadippichu.
"resilttutt" 1856 muthal royal neviyil sevanamanushtichuvenkilum orikkalum swantham jalathil ninnu purathupoyilla. 1879-ll viramicha "resolute" pinneedu thadikkayi rakshappeduthi. resolutinte canadian settilmentaaya nunaavuttin kappalinte peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath. 2009 maarchil britiish pradhaanamantri gorden braun president barak obaamaykk "dridanishchayam" enna chattakkoodulla commission mattoru rajakeeya naavikasenayude kappalinte maratthil ninnu nirmmicha oru pena holder sammaanichu.
nischayadaartyamulla" meshakal.
britiish sarkkar kappalinte maram kondu kuranjathu moonnu meshakalenkilum nirmmikkaan utharavittu, avaa chaatham doock yaardile joyiners shoppil kaabinat nirmmaathaakkalaanu nirmmichathu. oru valia pankaaliyude mesha ningalkk sammaanichu.ezz. president ratherford bii. dridanishchaya" thinte rakshaykkum thirichuvaravinum nandiyude soochakamaayi 1880-leeii pullukal. athinusesham, "resolute" desk ennariyappedunna eee desk lyndon jonson, richard nixon, jerald foord ennivar ozhikeyulla ellah american prasidantumaarum chila seshiyil upayogikkunnu. joonn eph muthal aarambikkunna oval offeesil ettu prasidantumaar ithu avarude audyogika meshayaayi upayogichu. kennidi, ennaal chilar athu executive vasathiyil avarude swakaarya padanatthil undu.
grinnell desk allengil kween victoria desk ennu vilikkunna randaamathe meshayum echms "resolute" enna thadi upayogichaanu nirmmichathu. franklinte thirachilil bharthaavinte udaaramaaya sambhavanakalkkulla amgeekaaramaayi 1880-ll henry grinnalinte vidhavaykku eee cheria sthreeyude mesha sammaanichu. 1983ll puthiya bedford timingala vetta myusiyathinu nalkia ithu masaachyusetsile nyoo bedfordilulla avarude shekharathilaanu.
oru moonnaamathe mesha, allengil kooduthal krithyamaayi oru ezhuthu mesha, victoria raajnjiyaanu kammeeshan cheythath; athu rajakeeya shekharathinte bhaagamaayi thudarunnu.

