lasioglosm leucosonium

vadakke america, europe, eshya, vadakkan aafrikkayude chila bhagangal ennividangalil kaanapedunna vyapakamaaya otappetta vearp theneechayaanu lasioglosm leucosonium (scank, 1781). ippol vadakke amerikkayil oru saadhaarana theneechayaanenkilum, janasamkhya janithaka vishakalanam kaanikkunnath ithu yadhaarthathil eee pradeshathu avatharippikkapetta oru inamaanennu. eee janasamkhya mikkavarum oru penn theneechayaanu sthaapichathu.
taxonomy, filogeny.
"ell. hymanoptere kudumbamaaya haaliktideyile haalikttine upakudumbathinte bhagamaanu leucosonium. naalu haaliktid upakudumbangalil ettavum valuthum ettavum vaividyamaarnnathum aduthide verpirinjathumaaya haaliktina (vearp theneechakal) anchu gothrangalaal nirmmithamaan. 2000-ladhikam enangal adangiya haalikttiniyude bhagamaanu leucosonium. lasioglosm" janussine anoupachaarikamaayi rund srenikalaayi thirichirikkunnu "lasioglosm" seerees, "hemihalictus". "ell. leucosonium "pazhaya loka parambarayude bhagamaanu, ithu" ell "maayi ettavum adutha bandhamullathaan. calisonium, "l. sonulam "," ell. mejas."ennirunnaalum, jeevivargathinullil athinte sthaanathe aashrayich janithaka vyathiyaanangalund.
vivaranavum thirichariyalum.
idaykkide athinte adutha bandhuvumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, "ell. sonulam, "l. leukosoniathinu mattu "lasioglosm" enangalil ninnu verthirikkunna vyathyastha savisheshathakalundu. sthreekalum purushanmaarum thammilulla roopathilum vyathyaasangalund. koodaathe, rathrikaala theneechayaaya "megaalopta genalis" maayi bandhappett athinte kannu padikkappettittund.
sthreekal.
sthree "ell. leucosonium "avayude parukkan thaarathamyena hrasvavumaaya propodial dorsal eriyakalaal thirichariyaan kazhiyum. eee pradeshangalude minusamarnna uparithalathinu thirascheenamaaya varakalundu, avaa madhyathil vibhajikkappettirikkunnu, ithu kizhakkan yunaittad stetts "lasioglosm" speesheesukalude savisheshamaaya savisheshathayaanu, ithu "ell" ennathumaayi maathram pankidunnu. sonulam ". athinte mangiya, daanyamulla aadyathe mettasomal tergaminu avayude veethiyude 1-1.5 eratti verthirikkunna nannayi vikasippicha pancharukalundu, koodaathe ooselliyude pinnile athinte sheershakathin varakalundu. ell" ennathumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol. sonulam, "l" nte sarvvakonam. leucosonium "kurachumaathrame puranthallunnulloovenkil ippozhum avyakthamaanu. pronottatthinu nannayi vikasippicha dorsal edj apoornnamaaya oru laattaral ridge undu, athil thaazhathe bhagam sradhikkappedaathum vishaalamaayi vrithaakruthiyilullathum charinja kuzhiyal vibhajikkappettathumaan. pronottatthil ninnu uyarthiya madhya thorassic segmentinte skoottathil vrithaakrithiyilulla chundulla ithinu oru propodial trikonamundu, athu oru kaarinett riim nannayi nirvachikkunnu. neelamulla thalayum thilangunna mukhavum thulyamaayi vrithaakruthiyilullathum cheruthaayi neendunilkkunnathum valare daanyangalulla supraclypeal eriyayum avayude veethiyum kuravum kondu verthirikkapetta pancharukalulla orepole idathoornnathum saandravumaaya pradeshamundu. kannin thaazhe neendunilkkunna, madhyathil oru kuzhiyillaathe dhaaraalam pancharukalulla oru uparithalamulla, cheruthaayi granulated, thilangunna clipius ithinu undu. athinte laattaral ooselliyum kannum thammilulla doorathekkaal kooduthalaanu laattaral ooselliyum thammilulla dooram. athinte mettasomal tergum II-nte paarshwabhaagam alppam alasamayirikke, athinte labraminte vidoora keel munvashath alppam veethiyullathum kramena agrathilekku neengunnathumaayirikkum. mithamaaya thilakkamulla mesoscutathinu microscopic paatten cheytha uparithalamundu, athinte scutellathinu mesoscutathinu samanamaaya pancharukalundu. thalayilum nenjilum veluthathum manjanirathilullathumaaya velutha mudiyundengilum thondaykku scutellathil kurachu thavitt niratthilulla romangalundu. alpam verthirichirikkunna hind tbl mudi kooduthalum ilam manjaniramulla thavittuniravum dorsal mudi ilam thavitt niravumaanu. mettasomal tergum I, terga II-IV ennivayil, terga II-IV-ll oru baand mudiyum tergum I-nte munbhagathu chitharikkidakkunna neelamulla mudiyum ulla mudi veluthathaanu. athinte mesoscootal romangal mithamaaya saandravum thoovalukalullathaayi kaanapedunnu, koodaathe athinte chiraku membranin glasullathum ardhasuthaaryavumaaya roopamundu.
purushanmaar.
 oru purushan "ell. vrithaakrithiyilulla clipius, athinte ventrally idungiya thala, madhyakala, pinkaalukalude taarsasinte manja pinbhagam, chulivukalulla propodial dorsal uparithalam, sternam vii-yude pinbhaagathe idathoornnathum parannathumaaya mudi paachu, sternam vii-yill thalakeezhaayi vii aakruthiyilulla mudi paachu enniva leucosonium verthirikkunnu. pothuve, purushanmaar sthreekalkku samaanamaan. ennirunnaalum, mattu vyathyasangalil kanninekkaal veethiyulla vrithaakrithiyilulla jeena; vishalamaaya vrithaakrithiyilulla clypeal uparithalam; vrithaakruthiyilullathum cheruthaayi vikasichathumaaya vidoora prakriyakalulla oru labrum, madhyathil oru cheria vrithaakrithiyilulla depression vashangalil kurachu vikasicha depression ulla thulyamaayi vrithaakrithiyilulla thaazhathe pradesham; oru cheria mandible enniva ulppedunnu. thilangunna clypiasinu orupoleyulla pancharukalum clypeal paadukalum ulla alppam daanyangalundu. taarsasinte munbhagam poornnamaayum irundathaanu, athesamayam taarsasinte madhyavum pinbhaagavum irunda vidoora arikukal ozhike manjaniramulla vellayaan. sternam IV-leeii romangal oru sradheyamaaya paatten illaathe nivarnnathum neelamullathumaanu. athinte sternam VII alpam cheruthum nerthathumaanu, athinte sternam VIII-nuu madhyathil oru balj illa, athinte sternal disk cheruthum idungiyathum aanu. jananendriyathe sambandhichidatholam, adithara mithamaayi cheruthaanu, valiathum parannathum agrathil vrithaakruthiyilullathumaaya oru gonostylus undu. purakott thirinja membranus loob illengilum pradhana laattaral ridjukalulla volsella undu.
kannu.
"ell. leucosonium thaarathamyena vegathil parakkunnu, athaayath avaa ooriyanteshanum makelinum avarude samyuktha annukale aasrayikkanam, pakshe thilakkamulla velichathil maathram. avarude annukalkku paramavadhi 20 micrometer vyaasamulla 3,000-ladhikam vashangalund. akathum puratthum cornia adangiya 41-emm kattiyulla cornia ullathinaal, ithu cheruthaayi vikasikkukayum cornia baljukal samyojippikkukayum cheythu. athinte laminaykku shaakhakalilla, athinte ell 2, ell 4 fiber tharangal maathrame paarshwabhaagatthaayi vyaapikkunnulloo.
vitharanavum aavaasavyavasthayum.
"ell. leucosonium "pothuve manal niranjatho chokki niranjatho aaya mannil thuranna aavaasavyavasthakalil kaanapedunnu, ennirunnaalum kanatha kalimannilum ithu valare apoorvamaayi maathrame kaanappedunnulloo. oru hollartic theneecha enna nilayil, visconsin muthal nyoojezhsi vare vadakke amerikkayile cape brettan dweep vare europiludaneelam ithu kaanapedunnu. otappetta theneechayaanenkilum chilappol koottukalaayi ithinte koodukal kaanapedunnu.
koodu ghadana.
ell" enna koodu, onno rando penkal srishtichathaanu. parannathum cheruthaayi charinjathumaaya ilam mannil viralamaaya sasyangalullatho hrasvamaaya pullullatho aaya avasthayilaanu leucosonium nirmmikkunnath. lambamaayi thaazhekku erangunna pradhana thurankathinu cheria vashathulla thurankangalude attathu cellukalundu. oru sthreek 8 muthal 15 vare koshangal koodukalil undakam.
kolanikalude chakram.
vadakke amerikkayil, sthreekalum purushanmaarum ore samayam sajeevamaan; avar saadhaaranayaayi meyy maasatthinte thudakkathinum august pakuthikkum idayilaanu ettavum sajeevamaakunnath. juun aadyathode sthreekal ettavum sajeevamaakumbol juulai avasaanathilum august avasaanathilum purushanmaaraan ettavum sajeevamaakuka.
vikasanavum punarulppaadanavum.
"ell. leucosonium "prathivarsham oru thalamura maathrame ulppaadippikkunnulla. oru koodile koshangal avaa srishtikkappedunna athe varshathinullil oru laingika santhathiye valarthunnu. santhathikal pakwata praapichathinushesham avar inacherukayum pinneedu urakkaavasthayilekku praveshikkukayum cheiyunnu. oru varshathil oru thalamura maathrame ulloovenkilum, athil ninnu rund varsham thorum penkuttikalude purathekkulla yaathrayund, onnu thudakkathil penkuttikalude koodukalum inayum undaakkukayum mattonn santhathikal inacherunnathinu purappedunnathinu sheshavum.
swabhaavavum paristhithiyum.
"ell. leucosonium "oru dainamdina, nilathu koodukattunna theneechayaanu. shaithyakaalath ithu hibernate cheyyukayum eee samayat athu bhoogarbhaavasthayil thudarukayum cheiyunnu. eee samayat sthreekal ottaykkaanu inacherunnathu.
nesting biology.
oru khanana theneecha, "ell. leucosonium "athinte koodukal nirmmikkaan nilathekku kuzhikkunnu. onno rando penthumbikal koodundaakkaan sahayikkunnu, oro penthumbikkum 8 muthal 15 vare koshangal nirmmikkappedunnu. otappetta theneechayaayathinaal, mikkavarum eee penkuttikal saamoohikamaayi jolie cheiyunnathinekkaal saamudaayikamaayi pravartthikkunnu. koodundaakkiya sesham, santhathikal koodu vittu mattullavarumayi inacherukayum shaithyakaalath bhoogarbhaavasthayil urangukayum cheiyunnu, mikkavarum avayude yadhaartha koodukalil ninnu vyathyastha sthalangalil.
saamoohika samghadana.
otappetta theneechayeppole ", ell. leucosonium "saadhaaranayaayi svayam pravartthikkunnu. mattoru penkutty koodukal nirmmikkaan athumaayi pravartthikkumbol, avar saamoohikamaayi jolie cheiyunnathinekkaal saamudaayikamaayi pravartthikkunnu, athinaal penkuttikalude adhika ennathil karyakshamatha kurayunnathinekkaal avarkk cheyyaan kazhiyunna joliyude eratti avar cheiyunnu.
mattu jeevajalangalumaayulla edapedal.
"ell. leucosonium "eakaanthamaanenkilum sasyangalumaayum paraannabhojikalumaayum samvadikkunnu. sasyangal thangalkkum avayude larvakalkkum bhakshanamaayi koombolayum thaine nalkunnu, athesamayam paraannabhojikalum vettakkaarum avayude nilanilppine badhikkunnu.
bhakshanakramam.
"ell. leucosonium "muthirnnavarum laarvakalum vividha pookkalil ninnulla koombolaye bhakshikkunnu. oru generalist enna nilayil, oru specialistumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol avar eathu pookkal thiranjedukkunnu ennathinekkurichu athra shradhikkunnilla. apple marangalum lobush blueberrykalum sandarshikkunnathum avar kandittundu.
pookkal.
"ell. lucosonium "hyrasium sespitosam", "krijiya biflora", "rudbekia hirta" thudangiya manja pookkalulla "aastaresee" sandarshikkunnu, ennaal "campanula", "rossa", "cornus alternifolia" ennivayil ninnulla sasyangal ulppedunna creeping thisttilum ("syrium arvence") mattu sasyangalum sandarshikkunnathu kaanapedunnu. purushanmareyum saadhaaranayaayi "melilottasil" kaanapedunnu.
paraannabhojikal.
athesamayam "sphecodeukal" enna janussil "ell" ennathine maathram paraannabhojikalaakkunna parannabhojikalonnumilla. leucosonium, "s. ephipius "ithine mattu" lasioglosm "ennivayeyum paraannabhojiyaakkunnathaayi theliyikkappettittund.
vettayaadal.
"philanthus" kuttichedikalaanu "ell" yude saadhaarana vettakkar. leucosonium ".

