
dell historiya naachuralile kauthukangalude kaabinat

dell historiya naachuralile kauthukangalude kaabinat ferrant impraattoyude kauthukangalude kaabinattine chithreekarikkunnu. pathinaram noottaandil naples parisheelichirunna oru itaaliyan aushadhavidagdhanum prakrithishaasthranjanumaayinu impraatto. shellukal, mrugangal, daathukkal, sasyashaasthra maathrkakal ennivayulppede addehathinte kauthukangalude kaabinattinaayi shekharicha impraatto vasthukkalude tharangal chithram kaanikkunnu. eee achadi 28 vaalyangalilayi prakrithi charithratthinte oru smaaraka kruthiyaaya "dell historiya naachural" ennariyappedunna "historiya naachural dii ferrante imperatto napolitano nella kwale oordinattament sii traatta della diversa contition dii mainer, piyattar prettiyos, & altre curiosita koonn vaari histori dii piyaante, & animali, sinhora noonn dettu inn loose" ennathil prathyakshappettu.  prakrithicharithrathinte paryavekshanam navothaana maanavika prasthaanathinteyum anubhavavaadathinteyum bhaagamaayirunnu. puthiya ashayangalum swaabhaavika kandethalukalum roopappeduthunnathinu indriyangalude upayogam eee prasthaanatthinte hridayamaayirunnu. anubhavaparamaya paryaveshanatthil ninnulla kandethalukal prakrithiyiloode ellaavarum engane bandhappettirikkunnave kandethuka ennathaayirunnu lakshyamittath. eee prasthaanatthinte bhagamaayirunna impraattoyude manthrisabha samoohathil prabhukkanmaarkk avarude arivu vipuleekarikkaan oru idam nalki.
drishya vivaranam.
dell historiya naachural" enna pusthakatthil ninnulla eee madakkikkalar prakrithidatha vasthukkalude shekharam niranja oru muriye chithreekarikkunnu. muriyil mrugangaludeyum sasyashaasthra vishayangaludeyum oru nira kaanichittundu, avayellaam impraatto thanne shekharichathaanu. chithrathinu mukalil, shellukalude oru niraykkoppam vividha jalajeevajaalangalum undu. pusthakangalal niranja niravadhi kaabinatukal (valath), mikkavarum impraattoyude jaiva kandethalukalekkurichu parisodhanayude feeld kurippukal adangiyirikkaam, kalaa charitrakaaranmaar eee pusthakangalil addehathinte jaiva kandethalukal ulppedunnuvennu karuthunnu, kaaranam avayude sheershakangal prathyeka tharam speesheesukale soochippikkunnu, koodaathe pusthakangalum ezhuthupakaranangalum ulla feeldil impraattoyekkurichula reportukal undu. vasthukkalude praathinidhyatthil chithram valare krithyamaanu. sookshumamaaya varikal sankeernamaaya vishadaamshangal kaanaan anuvadikkunnu. eee achadiyude kendrabindu kannine muthalakalilekku nayikkunna madhyabhaagathe jaalakamaan. eee chithratthinte thaazhe valathuvashath, naalu perr eee athbhuthangalude kaabinat parishodhikkunnu. avarude mukhathe bhaavangal aascharyavum kauthukavum prakadippikkunnu, avarude shareerabhasha muriyilulla thaalpparyathe soochippikkunnu. itharathilulla kauthukam anubhavaparamaya shaasthreeya prasthaanatthinte savisheshathayaayirunnu. prakrithi lokath ninnulla vasthukkale samanamaaya reethiyil pradarshippikkunna atbhutha kaabinattukalude shekharangal europiludaneelam undaayirunnu.
pashchaathalam.
eee achadiyil chithreekarichirikkunna athbhuthangalude eee kaabinattinte srashtaavaanu ferrante impraatto. oru aushadhashaalayum prakrithidatha vasthukkalude shekharanavum aayirunnu impraatto. 1525 muthal 1615 vare jeevichirunna addeham pradhaanamaayum "dell historiya naachural" prasidheekaranathinu perukettayalaayirunnu. eee prasidheekaranathil 28 vaalyangal ulppedunnu, avayellaam addehathinte kandethalukalum avayude praadhaanyavum vivarikkukayum chithreekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. bhooribhaagam vaalyangalum daathukkal, rathnangal, kallukal enniva parishodhichu, ennaal eee chithram soochippikkunnathu pilkkala vaalyangal addehathinte kauthukangalude muriyil mrugangaleyum sasyashaasthra vishayangaleyum kendreekarichaayirunnu. impraattoyude makanaaya francesco impraattoyaanu parambara prasidheekarikkaan addehathe prerippichathu. ithu kooduthal aalukalkk prakrithi lokathekkurichulla impertoyude shekharanathilum gaveshanathilum pankucheraan anuvadichu. 1599ll italiyile naplesil imperto eee kruthi prasidheekarichu. prabhukkanmarkkum samoohathil uyarnna padavi nediya vyakthikalkkum ithu oru vidyaabhyaasa srotassaayi pravarthichu.
kauthukamulla kaabinatukal.
ellaavarum prakrithiyumaayum athiloodeyum bandhappettirikkunnu enna aashayathilulla navothaana maanavika thaalpparyathe itharathilulla achadi prathinidheekarikkunnu. eee shaasthreeya prasthaanam, anubhavavaadam, manushyan prakrithiyude bhagavumaayirikkuka ennathinte ardhathekkurichulla muun ashayangal veendum parishodhichu. pouranmaaril dhaarmikavum pouravumaaya edapedal enganeyaayirikkanamennum samoohathil pankaalikalenna nilayil vyakthikal engane pravarthikkanamennum athu chodyam cheythu. thalphalamaayi, shaasthreeya reethikaliloode prakrithiyude paryavekshanam vardhichu. ferranto imperte polulla aushadhashaalakal, bhouthikalokathekkurichu pareekshanangal nadathunnathinum nigamanagalil athicherunnathinumulla oru maargamaayi mrugangal, sasyangal, daathukkal thudangiya prakrithidatha vasthukkal shekharichu. impraatto thante anweshanangaliloode "salamandre terrestry" polulla puthiya inam mrugangale kandethi. manushyan ennathinte ardhamenthaanennu parishodhikkumbol, navothaana maanavikavaadikal oru vyakthiyude dhaarmikavum daarmmikavumaaya agencic valareyadhikam oonnal nalkukayum prakrithi lokathe parisodhikkaan vimarsanaathmakamaaya nyaayavaadam upayogikkendathinte praadhaanyam oonnipparayukayum cheythu. lokathe nokkikkanaanulla eee kanakkukoottalum kauthukavum kendreekarichulla vazhikal mechappeduthunnathiloodu, oru vyakthikk samoohathil avarude vyakthigatha lakshyam kandethaan kazhiyumennu karuthappettu.  shaasthreeya paryavekshanam prothsaahippikkappedunnathu kooduthal kandethalukal kandethukayum aalukal avarude arivu mattu academic vidagtharumaayi pankidaan aagrahikkukayum cheythathinaal ithu kauthukamulla kaabinattukalude kuthichuchaattathinu aakkam koottunnathinu sahayichu. atbhutha arra allengil athbhuthangalude kaabinat ennartham varunna "vundarkammar" polulla niravadhi vyathyastha thalakkettukalil palappozhum paraamarshikkappedunna eee shekharangalil niravadhi vyathiyaanangalundaayirunnu. oronnum prakrithiyeyo prakrithi lokathekkurichulla kauthukam sugamamakkunna mattu vasthukkaleyo kandethunnathine kendreekarichaayirunnu.

