
cornelius jonson (kalaakaaran)

cornelius jonson allengil cornellis jansons vaan syulan (; cornelius jonson vaan syulan, cornellis jaans). vaan suelan mattu pala vakabhedangalum) (snaapanavum. 1593 october 14-burr. 1661 august 5) dutch allengil flemish maathaapithaakkalude chhaayaachithrangalude oru engleesh chithrakaaranaayirunnu. engleesh aabhyantharayudhathil ninnu rakshappedaan netherlandsile middlebergylake maariyappol kuranjathu 1618 muthal 1643 vare addeham englandil sajeevamaayirunnu. 1646num 1652num idayil addeham aamstardaamil thaamasikkukayum avidevechu addeham maricha utrechil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu.
jonson valarnnuvarunna puthiya engleesh jentriyude niravadhi chhaayaachithrangal varachu. saangalppika" oval frameukalulla paanal paintingukalaayirunnu addehathinte aadyakaala chhaayaachithrangal. addehathinte kruthikal yukeyileyum videshathumulla pradhana shekharangalilum brittanile adambara bhavanangalile swakaarya shekharangalilum kaanam.
addeham oru pragatbhanaaya chhaayaachithrakaaranaayirunnu, pakshe vaan dikkineppolulla oru maasttarude vaidagdhyam addehathinu illaayirunnu. addehathinte shaili thante kariyaril ganyamaayi vyathyasappettu, koodaathe oru vairudhyavum koodaathe swantham shailiyil puthiya swaadheenangal ulkkollaan addehathinu kazhinju. vasthrangalekkurichulla thithreekaranatthil addeham prathyekichum krithyathayullavanum vishadavumaayirunnu. eee samayat englandile churukkam chila kalakaaranmaaril oralaaya addeham avarude srishtikalil sthiramaayi oppidukayum theeyathi nischayikkukayum cheythu.
kudumbajeevitam.
jonson landanil dutch allengil flemish maathaapithaakkalkk janichu-pithaav aant verppil ninnulla oru matha abhayaarthiyaayirunnu, pithrupithaavu colonil ninnaan vannath. landanile netherlantish samooham eare upayogikkunna austin friyezhsile dutch palliyilaanu addeham jnjaanasnaanamettath. johanna leeii grandinteyum cornelius jonsanteyum makanaayirunnu addeham. netherlandsil addeham pariseelanam nediyirikkaam, orupakshe mishel jaansinte keezhil. vaan meerevelt. netherlandsile mattu kalakaaranmaar addehathe theerchayaayum swaadheenichu, addehathinte aadyakaala kruthikal dutch chithrakaaranmaarude roopakalppanayum maanasikaavasthayum pinthudarunnu.
1619 aayappozhekkum addeham englandilekku madangiyethiyappol thante anantharavanaaya theodor rassalinte snaapanathin saakshiyayi-jonsante sahodari nicolas russell oof bradjsine vivaham kazhichu. annumuthal 1643 vare addeham englandil sajeevamaayirunnu. 1620kalil addeham landanile blackfreerukalil thaamasikkukayum anthoni vaan dike peettar olivarum pole thante studiyo nadathukayum cheythu; athu lunden nagaratthinte athirthikkullilaayirunnu, pakshe athu oru swaathanthryamaayirunnu, athinaal lunden painters gildile amgangalude nagaratthil kuthaka ozhivaakkappettu. 1622 juulai 16nuu landanile dutch palliyilvechu addeham colchesterile elisabath bekkine vivaham kazhichu. avarude makan jaims (cheruppatthil thanne marichirikkaam) 1623 septambar 30 nuu sent aans palliyil snaanamettu. juuniyar chithrakaaranaaya mattoru makan cornelius jonson 1634 august 15nuu jnjaanasnaanamettu.
oru engleesh manyanaayi kanakkakkappedaan jonson aagrahichu, thante vamshavali koleju oof aamsil rajisttar cheythu. swarnna pashchaathalatthil moonnu swarnna thathakalulla addehathinte kaikalkk pinnil rund thatha chirakukalulla oru velli catherine chakratthinte mukalbhagam undaayirunnu. jarmman vamshavaliyil saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunna chirakukalulla chinnangal munbu kudumbam upayogichirunna aayudangal kaanichekkaam.
1630kalude madhyathil jonson kaantarbariyilekku thamasam maarukayum, oru flemish vyaapaariyaaya sarr arnold bramesinoppam thaamasikkukayum engleesh aabhyantharayudham pottippurappedunnathu englandil thaamasikkunnath thudarukayum cheythu, ennaal 1643 octoberil, prathyakshatthil bhaaryayude nirbandhaprakaaram, addeham middlebergylake thamasam maarukayum sent. avide luke. addehathinu yaatra cheyyaan paarlamentinte anumathi nalki... thante chithrangalum nirangalum, kidakkakalum, veettupakaranangalum, shudhamaaya vasthukkalum, pichalayum avanodoppam chernnunilkkukayum cheyyuka. 1646num 1652num idayil addeham aamstardaamil thaamasikkukayum avide addehathe samskaricha utrechil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu.
chhaayaachitram.
jonsante aadya theeyathi thayyarakkiya kruthi 1617 aanu, athu oru dutch vishayamaayirikkam; 1619 addehathinte engleesh chhaayaachithrangalude thudakkathe adayaalappeduthunnu, avaa thudakkathil thala mathramaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum pinneedu addeham poornna neelavum koottamaaya chhaayaachithrangalum varachu.
oru chhaayaachitram varaykkunnathinu, 10-20 enna saadhaarana kanakkumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol 5 poundu eedaakkaan jonson eshtappettu. ennirunnaalum, vaan dike allengil peettar lelly polulla ariyappedunna kalaakaaranmaareppole ithu chelaveriyathayirunnilla. jonsanekkurichulla carren heerninte odnb entry soochippikkunnathu "1638-ll sussexile haaland housile sarr thomas pelham jonsante chhaayaachithrathinu 4 poundu nalki" (pelham kudumba pepparukalil oru akkoundu book paraamarsikkunnu, bii. ell, aadu. emm. ezz. 33145, phool. 107).
antrimile lady rooss mcdonnell ulppede jonson varacha noorukanakkinu chhaayaachithrangal undu. "jonsante kala bust neelamulla chhaayaachithrathinte aapekshika aduppathinu ettavum anuyojyamaayirunnu, athil oru prathyeka verpiriyalinoppam addeham engleesh bhoovudama prabhukkanmaarudeyum cheria prabhukkanmaarudeyum mounam pidichedukkunnu". addehathinte avasheshikkunna aadyakaala chhaayaachithrangalilonn saarayude muthasshiyum marlberoyude (tettu) duches aaya susanna kshethrathinte chhaayaachitramaanu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathode eee chhaayaachitram pinneedu roobert vaitt kothivachu. eee kothupaniyude oru pakarpp saamuval peppisinte udamasthathayilulla achadikalilonnaanu, athu pinneedu cambridgile magdaleen colleginu kaimari.
addehathinte rajakeeya chhaayaachitrangalil kuttikkaalathu varacha chaals onnaaman, chaals randaaman, jaims randaaman enniva ulppedunnu, iva randum deseeya chhaayaachithra galleryil (lunden) undu. chaals onnaamante bharyayaaya hentieta maria raajnjiyude chhaayaachithrathil addeham jerard hookgeestumaayi sahakarichu.
netherlandsilekkulla thamasam kazhinju, naadukadatthappetta raajakeeyavaadikaludeyum ippozhum englandil thamasikkunna idapaadukaarudeyum engleesh idapaadukaarude chhaayaachithrangal addeham nirmmikkunnath thudarnnu.
studiyo.
1620kalil jonsante studiyo landanile blackfreersile sent aansilaayirunnu. jonsante studiyoyude valippam ariyillengilum arundalinte chhaayaachitram thettayi alekhanam cheytha kaundes, sarr alexander temple (randum chuvade) thudangiya avasheshikkunna chhaayaachithrangal painting prakriya punarnirmikkaan sahayikkunnu. jonson poornnamaaya chhaayaachithrangal svayam varachillayirikkaam. vasthrangalude nananja-varanda peyint paalikalum (chuvadeyulla 'technic' kaanuka) saangalppika ovalukalum studiyoyile mattullavaril ninnulla sambhavanakal anuvadichu, athupole thanne adhika pathippukalude aavasyavum.
rakshaakarthruthvam.
addehathinte rakshaadhikaarikal varenya vibhaagathil ninnullavaraayirunnu, pakshe samoohathile uyarnna thalangalil ninnullavarayirunnilla. dutch kudiyettakkaarum maanyanmaarum kottaarakkaarum aayirunnu addehathinte sittingukal. thante kariyarinte aadya kurachu varshangalil, anchu kudumbangalude rakshaakarthruthva shringhala johnsone deseeya vediyil oru chithrakaaranenna nilayil thante prashasthi sthaapikkaan praapthamakki. lunden, chingfordile boothbi kudumbam, shropshireile corbet kudumbam, shropshireileyum staafordshayarileyum levson kudumbam, burton daasettinteyum stovinteyum temple kudumbam, barfordinteyum bezelsleyudeyum lenthal kudumbam ennivayaayirunnu eee kudumbangal. eee kudumbangal vivaahathiloode parasparam bandhappettirunnu.
addehathinte pala sittingukaludeyum vyakthithvam nashtappettu. kireedatthil ninnu kurachu commissionukal maathrame labhichulloovenkilum, 1632-ll chaals onnaaman johnsone "chitra droyerude gunanilavaarathil addehathinte raajaavinte sevakanaayi" niyamichu. orupakshe vaan daikkinte varavum daniel maittansinte englandil ninnulla purappaadumaayi bandhappettirikkam eee niyamanam-vaan daikkinte baakkappaayi jonson oru punk kandethiyittundaakam.
shaili.
1620kalilum 1630kalilum englandil practies cheytha ettavum prathibhadhanan samriddhanumaaya chhaayaachithrakaaranmaaril oralaayi" addehathe visheshippichittundu. gheererttukalekkaal "kooduthal vaidagdhyam" nediyayaalaayi lionel kasttam addehathe visheshippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, "oru nalla chithrakaaran, pakshe vaan daikkinte kazhivum mikavum upayogichu malsarikkaan kazhiyaathavan" ennum addeham visheshippikkappettindu. vaan daikkumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, jonsante chhaayaachithrangal "thaazhnna qee ennaal athimanoharamaayirunnu".
kooduthal chelaveria vaan daikkukal ennu thettidharikkappedumenna addehathinte kakshikal pratheekshichirunna thante pilkkala poornna dairkhyangal ozhike, avarude srishtikalil sthiramaayi oppidukayum theeyathi nischayikkukayum cheytha eee samayat englandile churukkam chila kalakaaranmaaril oraalaayirunnu addeham. vaan daikkinte varkshoppinu kaaranamaaya chila poornna dairkhyamulla chhaayaachithrangal addehamaayirikkaam ennathinaal addeham ithil vijayichirikkam. aadya varshangalil, chhaayaachithrangal oppidunnathinulla addehathinte saadhaarana reethi "phesit sii jeey" enna padamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum 1619 leeii chhaayaachitram "kaundes oof arandal" (chuvade) cornelius jonson phesit ennu oppidunnu, pinneedulla pala kruthikalkkum poornna oppundu.
jonsante aadyakaala chhaayaachithrangal "saangalppika" oval frameukalulla paanal paintingukalaayirunnu-avaykku oru thadi allengil marble oval chuttupaadukalundenn thonnumenkilum ithu yadhaarthathil panalil varachathaan. eee "tromp-ell 'ail" prabhavam jonsante kariyarinte aadyaghattathil addehathinte priyappetta upakaranangalilonnaayirunnu. "addehathinte roopangal saadhaaranayaayi irundathum nirvachikkappedaathathumaaya pashchaathalangalkku munnil avarude mukhangalil shradha kendreekarikkukayum avarude saamoohika nilaye soochippikkunna vipulamaaya vasthrangal dharikkukayum cheiyunnu."chembil chila chhaayaachithrangal addeham varachu.
addehathinte aadyakaala kruthikal (udaaharanathinu sarr alexander kshethrathinte 1620-leeii chhaayaachitram) sii vivarichu. echu. collins baker "paranna thadiyum nirjeeva" aayi. oru varshathinullil addeham "athisayakaramaaya oru munnettam" nadathukayum addehathinte modeling nirayukayum "addehathinte manobhaavam sthaapikkappedukayum" cheiyunnu. 1619ll thomas boothbiyudeyum bhaaryayudeyum oru jody chhaayaachithrangal varachu 1988ll ways gallery vittathaan addehathinte aadyakaala naalilonn dairkhyamulla chithram. naalilonn dairkhyamulla mattoru chhaayaachitram (loard keeper coventry) 1623ll chithreekarichathaanu, ithu shareerathe kaikaaryam cheiyunnathile oru nischitha vaidagdhyakkuravu kaanikkunnu, athu pinneedulla kruthikalil marikadakkunnu.
addehathinte chhaayaachitrangalil, sittezhsinte thala palappozhum apratheekshithamaayi thaazheyaan. annukalkku valuthum vrithaakrithiyilulla irisukalum aazhathilulla valanja mukal moodukalumundu.
lunden painters aandu stainers kambaniyude pakkal klement paargettar, vilyam peacock, thomas baab ennivarude oru chithram undu, athu jonson aayirikkam. anganeyaanengil, addehathinte aadyakaala group chhaayaachithramaanith.
addehathinte shaili yaadhaasthithikamaayirunnavi athu addehathinte kariyaril ganyamaayi vyathyaasappettirunnuve, oru vairudhyavum koodaathe puthiya swaadheenangal swantham shailiyil ulkkollaan addehathinu kazhinju. addeham maittans, vaan dike, vilyam dobson ennivaril ninnu eduthu. addehathinte avasaanathe dutch chhaayaachithrangal samakaalika chhaayaachithrangale prathifalippikkunna vyathyasthamaaya oru shaili kaanikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, kuranja laittukalum vaan dikkineppolulla kooduthal vaidagdhyamulla kalakaaranmaarum-mattu kalakaaranmaareyum addeham swaadheenichu. netherlandish paarambaryam pinthudarnnu, vasthrangalude thithreekaranatthil addeham prathyekichum krithyathayullavanum vishadaavumaayirunnu. thalphalamaayi, addehathinte chhaayaachithrangal vasthradhaarana charitrakaaranmaarkku prathyekichum upayogapradamaanu.
saankethikavidya.
jonson thante aadyakaala kariyaril thante studiyoye savisheshamaayi thirichariyunna niravadhi saankethikavidyakal upayogikkunnu. nananjathum vivekapoornavumaaya paalikalude saannidhyam; brush varkkile kanakkukoottappetta vyathiyanangal, vaardhakyathe nannayi athijeevicha uyarnna nilavaaramulla (chelaveria) pigmentukalude upayogam enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
thante pigmentukalude savisheshathakal ettavum thilakkamaarnna falatthilekku konduvarunnathil addeham praaveenyamullavanaayirunnu. jonson oro pigmentinteyum swabhaavam upayogichu vyathirikthamaya ghadanayum aakarshakamaaya vishadaamshangalum nalkiyathinte praadhamika udaaharanamaanu assurite neelayude upayogam."
oorpiment (vishamulla manja pigment) kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinekkurichu jonsanumaayi theodor dii mayerne koodiyaalochikkukayum addehathinte chhaayaachitram varaykkukayum cheythu. dii mayerneck oorpiment upayogichathinekkurich vivarikkunnathinu purame, jonson daniel kinginode drapparikalkkulla thante saankethikavidyayum paranju. linan drapparikalkkaayi addeham "veluthathum karupp niratthilulla okkar" upayogichirunnu. neela vasthrangalkkayi addeham aadyam ellah pashchaathala madakkukalum nizhalukalum sthaapichu... unakkiya ennayil indico graundu cheyth [i] th smolt aandu vaitt mixes cheyyuka" ennu cherthu vrithiyaayi poortthiyaakkuka. ithu unangiyappol addeham athil ultramarine, "fair vaitt" ennivayude oru glaze varachu.
pradarshanangal, vilppana, pradhana shekharangalile addehathinte srishtikalude udamasthaavakaasham.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthi muthal landanilum pinneedu pravishya nagarangalilum kalaa lelangal pathivayi nadannirunnu. eee lelangalil jonsante srishtikal pathivayi vilkkappettirunnu-udaaharanathinu 1690 epril 3 nuu eksittar ekschenchil paintingukalude vilppanayil lottu 150.
2015 epril muthal septambar vare deseeya chhaayaachithra galleryil nadanna jonsante srishtikalude pradarshanam uclile oonarari professoraaya karen haann kyoorett cheythu. 2016 joolaiyil, addehathinte srishtikalkkaayi maathram samarppicha aadyathe valia thothilulla pradarshanam landanile ways galleryil nadannu.
naashanal gallery, tettu gallery, naashanal portrait gallery, royal shekharam, scotish naashanal portrait gallery, dulwich picture gallery, niravadhi yuke pravishya gaalarikal, brittanile adambara veedukalile swakaarya shekharangal ennivayil addehathinte srishtikal kaanam. yukeik purathu, huntington library, art shekharangal, botanical gardens, utrechile museum kaathaarijnekonvent, britiish art sentar ennivayil addehathinte srishtikal kaanam. raajnjiyude galleryil nadanna tudor, stuvartt fashion pradarshanatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu addehathinte "oru sthreeyude chhaayaachitram".
folger shakespeare libraryile vilyam shakespeareude jonson chhaayaachithrathil jonsante peru chertthittundu. 1610ll varacha ithinu shakespeareumaayi deerghakaala bandhamund. uyarnna nettiyil kaanikkunnathinaayi ithu maatti. ithu jonson aanennu ippol vishwasikkunnilla.
peru.
addehathinte perinte niravadhi vakabhedangal sariyaaya roopathekkurichu chila vivaadangalkku kaaranamaayi. jonson idaykkide thante oppu mattunnathinaal athinte utharavaaditham addeham thanne ettedukkanam. netherlandsile thante pilkkala varshangalil, thante videsha uthbhavam oonnipparayunnathinaayi oru vipanana saankethikavidyayaayi addeham thante oppinoppam "vaan syulan" ("colonil ninnu") enna vaakkukal cherthathaayi haann vaadichu. addeham munbu thante oppinoppam lunden (lunden) chertthittundenkilum 1652-ll aadyathe anglo-dutch yuddham pottippurappettathinnettathu eee phoom upayogikkunnathu nirtthi.
finberg parayunnu "eee kalakarane jansense ennu vilikkunna sheelathinethire veendum prathishedhikkaan njaan eee avasaram upayogichekkaamennu njaan karuthunnu. ithu perinte sariyaaya roopamaanennu walpaul nirbhagyakaramaaya paramarsham nadathiyittum athu upayogikkunnathinu oru ozhikazhivumilla. englandil aayirikkumbol kalaakaaran thante peru cornelius jonson ennu eppozhum ucharikkukayum englandu vittappol addeham aaa roopam jonson ennu maattukayum cheythu. peru poornnamaayi nalkumbol addehathinte oppinte saadhaarana roopam, 1643 nuu sesham njaan kanda ellah chithrangalilum sthiramaayi kaanapedunnu 'cornelius jonson vaan syulan.'addeham orikkalum jaansan, janson, jansons ennivayude roopam sweekarichittillennu thonnunnu. ennaal videshamaayi kaanapedunna oru peru oru engleesh perinekkaal oru chithrathinu kooduthal moolyam nalkunnuvenna aazhathilulla bodhyathode lelakkar janikkunnidatholam kaalam, cornelius jonsaneyo jonsanineyo kaattalogukalil cornelius jansense enna mukhammoodiyaayi kaanumenn namukk pratheekshikkaam."

