
lokathinte aadarshangal

1970-ll gloria arellance gracy hilda raise chernnu srishticha oru hraswakaala meksikkan american vanita pouraavakaasha samghadanayaayirunnu laas adelitas dii astlan. gloria arellance gracy hilda raise ellaavarum 1960-kalilum 1970-kalilum california pradeshathu oresamayam pravarthicha mattoru meksikkan american pouraavakaasha samghadanayaaya braun bettile muun amgangalaayirunnu. vardhichuvarunna linga vairudhyangalum abhipraayavyathyaasangalum kaaranam sthaapakar thavittuniratthilulla bettukal upekshichu, ithu avarude vanita amgangalkkidayil valareyadhikam anyavalkkaranathinu kaaranamaayi. laas adelitas dii astlan meksikkan-american pouraavakaashangalkkum thozhilaallikalkk mechappetta avasthakalkkum vendi vaadikkukayum police kroorathaykkethire prathishedhikkukayum laattino samoohathinu sthreekalude avakaashangalkkaayi vaadikkukayum cheythu. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil meksikkan viplavathil poraadiya meksikkan vanita sainikarko soldederakalkko nalkia aadarasoochakamaayirunnu samghadanayude peru.
prachodanam.
1960kalilum 1970kalilum meksikkan american pouraavakaasha prasthaanangal avarude unnathiyilaayirunnu, ettavum pradhaanappettava braun bettukalaayirunnu. karshaka thozhilaallikalude avakashangal, vidyaabhyaasa parishkkaranam, yudhavirudha pravartthanangal, police kroorathaykkethire samghadippikkal ennivaykkaayi vaadikkunnathinaayi pourapravartthanathinteyum saamskaarikavum vamsheeyavumaaya aikyathinteyum samyojanam braun bettukal prakadippichu. braun bettukalile vanita amgangal samghadanayude vilapetta swathaayi pravartthikkukayum "dhanasamaharanam, phoon kolukalkku utharam nalkal, kathukal ezhuthal, pathratthinu ottikkal, ezhuthal, soujanya klinikkukal nadatthal ennivayiloode samghadanaykku sthiratha nalkukayum cheythu. vietnaam yudhathinethiraaya maarchukal samghadippikkunnathilum avar pradhana pankuvahichu. laas adelitas dii astlaante yadhaartha sthaapakaraaya gloria arellance, gracy, hilda raise ennivarellaam munbu braun bettukalude bhaagamaayirunnuvenkilum purusha medhaavithvamulla neethrthwam avarude vanita amgangalude aavasyangalum aashankakalum avaganikkukayaanennu avarkk thonni. samghadanayil sthreekal nirnaayaka punk vahichuvennu vyakthamaayirunnuvenkilum sekrattari, clerical sthaanangal amgangalenna nilayil thangale vilakurachathayi chilarkk thonni. 1960kalil randaam taranga feminism uyarnnathode vamseeya spektrathiludaneelamulla sthreekal pouraavakaasha vrithangalile nishkriyathvathekkurich purusha aadhipathyathin keezhadangunnathinekkuricho ulla ashayangal nirasicha oru tharam lingabodham prakadippikkaan thudangi. palarum poornnamaayum pirinju swantham samghadanakal aarambhikkukapolum cheythu. 1970 februvariyil, kizhakkan loss enchals chaapttarinte correspondence, dhanakaarya mantri, thante rajikkath braun beretsinte vidyaabhyaasa mantri aaron mangansilaykku kaimariyirunnu, "purusha vibhaagathin vendi valia ozhivaakkalum manthrimaarude njangalumayi ashayavinimayam nadathunnathil parajayavum undaayittund, mattu pala kaaryangalum". adichamarthappetta oru vargathilppetta aalayittum meksikkan american samoohathile sthree gadakathe palappozhum purusha aadhipathyathiloode paarshwalkkarichirunnu mattu randaam taranga feministukalumaayi prathidhvanicha oru maathruka arillance sthaapichu. avarude rajikk thottupinnaale, eest loss enjalsile euclid haitts sentaril oru puthiya groupine samghadippikkaan aarambhicha arylance, chikkanakalkk thangaleyum avarude ashayangaleyum prakadippikkaan kazhiyunna oru samghadanayaayo allengil asamthriptharkku ulppeduthaanum swaagatham cheyyaanum oru sthalam kandethanakunna oru sthalamaayo parasyam cheythu. dhii chikkano movement testimonios oof dhii movement" enna pusthakatthil "1910 leeii meksikkan viplavathinte charithrathekkurichu kooduthal arian njaan vanathum viplavathil poraadiya vanita viplavakariyaaya laa adalittayude prathichaayayil aakrishtayaayathum enthukondaanu" ennu avar groupinu laas adalitas dii astlan ennu perittathinte nyaayavaadam gloria arillance charcha cheiyunnu... charitraparamaaya maathrkakalkkaayulla chikkana thirachilinte bhaagamaayirunnu ithu. chikkana feminism janippikkaan samgham sahaayichuvenn paranju laas adelitas dii astlaante praadhaanyathekkurichu avar samsaarikkunnath thudarunnu. oru samghamenna nilayil, laas adelitas dii astlan avare engane sthreekalaayi kanakkakkunnuvennu charcha cheyyukayum meksikkan american purushanmaarude maco maanasikaavasthayekkurichu samsaarikkukayum cheythu. porkku somos unaa familia dii hermana (kaaranam njangal sahodarimaarude kudumbamaanu)" enna mudraavaakyam samgham sweekarichu.
gloria aarellansinte pashchaathalam.
1946 march 4 nuu eest loss enjalsilaanu gloria arelance janichathu. thante aadyakaala jeevithathiludaneelam meksikkan american samoohathe pathittaandukalaayi baadhicha vyavasthaapitha vamsheeyathayum vivechanavum avar sheelichu. randaam lokamahaayudhaananthara rashtreeya sambadvyavastha loss enchals pradeshathu valia janasamkhyaaparamaaya maattangalkk kaaranamavukayum avareppolulla chila meksikkan american kudumbangalkk saamoohika chalanasheshiyilekkum madhyavarga jeevithashailiyilekkum praveshanam anuvadikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee mattangalil bhooribhaagavum vellakkarum meksikkan amerikkakkarum thammilulla pirimurukkatthinu kaaranamavukayum rund samudaayangalum thammilulla samgharshangal vardhikkukayum cheythu. eriyans eee pirimurukkangal nerittu anubhavikkukayum police kroorathayil ninnum jaagrathayodeyulla akramanangalil ninnum surakshyum aashvaasavum kandethunnathinulla oru maargamaayi community oorganaiseshanum maarganirddeshavum thedukayum cheythu. chikkano grouppukalumaayi njaan ivide community sevanangalil earppettu" ennu arrelence pinneedu prakadippichu... njaan poya haiskoolil rays kalapam nadannathinaal njangal orumichu ninnu, ell monde haiskool, police avarude motorcycleukalil haiskoolinte haalukalil vannu chikkaanosine arast cheiyumaayirunnu. avar orikkalum vellakkaraaya vidyaarthikale arast cheythilla. eee kaaranangalal thanne mattu pala yuva meksikkan amerikkakkarum structure, security, community oorganaiseshan ennivaykkaayi braun bettukalilekku arrelence nokki. njangale aakarshicha entho avide undaayirunnu, athinaal kooduthal arian njaan aagrahichu" ennu arylance oorkkunnu.
pradhanappetta sambhavanakal.
soujanyamo kuranjatho aaya janana niyanthranam, garbhachhidram, laingika vidyaabhyaasam, shisu paripalanam ennivapolulla sthreekalude prathyulpaadana avakashangalkkum paricharanatthinum vendi laas adelitas dii astlan valareyadhikam vaadichu. ithil bhooribhaagavum amerikkayude thekkupadinjaaran bhaagathulla meksikkan-american samoohangalil aarogya klinikkukal srishtichathil ninnaan. braun bettukalude baanarin keezhil aayirikkumbol thanne 1969 ll eest loss enjalsile barrio free klinikkinte sthaapanangalil arylance aduthu pravarthichu, ithu loss enjalsile spanish samsaarikkunna ayalpakkathe aadyathe soujanya klinikkukalil onnaanu. soujanya klinikkukal sthaapikkunnathu arelansinu pradhanamaayirunnu, avar eee vikaaram laas adelitas dii astlan vare thudarnnu. 1971 meyy maasathil hoosttanil nadanna itharathilulla aadya deseeya chikkana konfaransaaya kanferensiya dii mujeres pore laa raasayil eee samgham pankedukkum. ivide mattu meksikkan-american pouraavakaasha samghadanakalaaya chikkana viman 'vanithakalude rolukal sambandhichu sakthamaaya sthaanangal samghadippikkaan othukoodi. aparyapthamaaya vidyaabhyaasa avasarangal, vamseeyatha, kshema pinthuna, thozhil vivechanam ennivaykku ellaayppozhum meksikkan-american pouraavakaasha ajandayude hridayabhaagathulla vishayangal pole linga vivechanam, garbhachhidram, janana niyanthranam ennivaykkum sammelanathil valareyadhikam praadhaanyam nalki. koodaathe, samoohathe maattunnathinaayi pravartthikkaan konfarans prabhashakar pankedukkunnavarodu abhyarthichu.
sthreethvathinte aavishkaarangal.
randaam taranga feminism 1960 kalileyum 1970 kalileyum pouraavakaasha prasthaanangalumaayi poruthappettu, ithu laas adelitas dii astlan srishtikkunnathil nirnaayaka swaadheenam cheluthum. meksikkan-american pouraavakaashangal prolsaahippikkunnathi, sthree aavishkaarathin surakshithamaaya idam allengil oru sthalam nalkuka ennathaayirunnu samghadanayude lakshyam. eee samayat nilaninnirunna chikkana feminist prathyayashaasthram sthreethvathekkurichu american eest koost vyaakhyaanangalumaayi poruthappettu. swakaarya, pothu jeevithathil sthreekalude purushaadhipathyaparamaaya purusha aadhipathyathe athu apalapichu. thozhil, vidyaabhyaasa, rashtreeya, saamoohika avasarangalum aavishkaaravum labhikkunnathil ninnu vanita community amgangalude kazhivine thadassappeduthunna pravarthanangalkku utharavaadithavum athu aavasyappettu. ennirunnaalum, meksikkan-american samoohathile sthreekal charitraparamaayi adichamarthappetta oru varggathile pouranmaaraayathinaal savisheshamaaya velluvilikal neridukayum vamsheeyavum vamsheeyavumaaya gadakangal vahikkunna prasnangalil shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheythu. gloria arrellance, gracy, hilda raise thudangiya sthreekal avarude lakshyangal nedunnathinaayi palappozhum valia chikkano pouraavakaasha prasthaanavumaayi chernnu pravarthichu. meksikkan-american samoohathile purushanmaarudeyum sthreekaludeyum ekopanam "chikkana sthreekale feminisamiloode oru koottaaya shabdam kandethaan anuvadikkukayum purushathwa (laingikatha) manobhaavangale chodyam cheyyaan thudangukayum lingabhedam, laingikatha ennivayumaayi bandhapetta vishayangalil avarude swantham vimarsanangalum aashankakalum prakadippikkukayum eee prashnangalkk chuttum samghadippikkukayum cheythu". samghadanayude sthaapakarile chilar brauns bettukal velippeduthaan uddeshikkunnillennu oonnipparanju, ennirunnaalum avarude samakaalikaril chilar ithu oru sthaapanamenna nilayil nerittulla velluviliyaanennu karuthi. ellaayppozhum parasparam pinthunaykkukayum pinthunaykkukayum cheiyunna sakthamaaya sthreekale njangal vibhavanam cheiyunnu" ennu arylance vaadichu. athoru feminist grouppaayirunno?...njaan ennethanne oru feminist ennu vilichittilla, mattu sthreekalum paranjittilla, marichu thirinjunokkumbol nammal yadhaarthathilum pravartthanatthilum feministaayirunnu.
chikkano desheeyathayude aavishkaarangal.
american pouraavakaasha kaalaghattam meksikkan american samoohathinu oru saamskaarikamo chikkano desheeyathayo ulla oru bodham roopappeduthunnathinulla nirnaayaka chuvaduvayppaayirunnu, athu oru pankitta swathwavum bahumaanavum srishtikkunnathinulla oru vediyaayi upayogikkum. mothatthil chikkano prasthaanatthinu oru pankitta swathuam srishtikkunnathu pradhanamaayirunnu, thalphalamaayi eee ashayangal prakadippikkunnathinula maargamaayi laas adelitas dii astlan upayogikkum. eee lakshyam nedunnathinaayi samghadanayude peru shradhaapoorvvam thiranjedutthu, "meksikkan viplavathinte feminist chihnamaayi, laa adalita ennathu oru vanita sainikayude peraayirunnu, oru sainikan, sainyathe pinthudarukayum camp sthaapikkaan sahayikkukayum sainikarkkaayi paachakam cheyyukayum cheythu". meksikkan viplavathe paraamarsikkunna meksikkan janatha avarude jeevitareeti samrakshikkaan poraadiya charithrathilekkum svechaadhipathyathino peedanatthino ethiraaya poraattatthilekkum abhyarthichukondu meksikkan-amerikkakkaarkkidayil deseeya vikaarathe kshanichu. koodaathe, vanita sainikarekkurich prathyeka paraamarshangal nadathunnathu groupilum mattidangalilum feminist prathyayashaasthram prolsaahippikkunnathum uddeshichullathaayirunnu. sainikarude prathichaaya sthreekale shaktharum dhirarum swathanthrarum oru purushanu cheyyaan kazhiyunna eathu joliyum ettedukkaan kazhivullavarumayi chithreekarichu. astlan enna peru thaddesheeya uthbhavamullathaanengilum deseeya vikaaram srishtikkunnathilum nirnaayakamaayirunnu. meksikkan-american samoohavum athinte spanish, indian bhoothakaalathe amgeekarikkukayum laas adelitas dii astlan polulla grouppukal deseeyavaada aakarshanam srishtikkunnathinulla oru maargamaayi ithu upayogikkukayum cheythu. chikkano naadodikkadhakalilum charithratthilum astec janathayude uthbhavasthalamaanu astlan...chikkano naadodikkadhakalil, 1846 leeii meksikkan-american yudhathinu sesham america ettedutha meksikkoyude aaa bhaagatthinte peraayi astlaan palappozhum upayogikkunnu, eee valia pradesham astec kudiyettatthinte vibhajanathe prathinidheekarikkunnu enna vishwaasathil.