
prathirodha kalavastha upagraha paripadi

defense meteriological saattalait prograam (dii. emm. ezz. pii) yunaittad stetts department oof defencinaayi kalavastha, samudrashaasthra, sourorjja-bhoumashaasthram enniva nireekshikkunnu. naashanal oshyaanik aandu atmospheric administration (noa) nalkunna oorbitt ooppareshanukaliloode yunaittad stetts space fozhsaanu prograam niyanthrikkunnath. upagrahangalude (yadhaartha classified) dauthyam 1973 maarchil velippeduthi. avaa dhruva bhramanapathangalil ninnu suuryan-samakalikamaaya meghaavarana chithrangal nalkunnu.
charithram.
1960kalil, kalavastha shaasthravum kalavastha pravachanavum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil yunaittad stetts sivil space prograam ulppettirunna ettavum pradhanappetta padhathikalilonnu. palarkkum ariyaatha, yuu.ezz. sainika sevanangal oru kalavastha upagraha paripadiyum aarambichirunnu. dii. emm. ezz. pii. enna eee paripadi kooduthal phalapradamaaya pravarthanangalkkaayi pradhanappetta kaalavastha, kalavastha vivarangal sainyathin kaimar. dii. emm. ezz. pii. prograaminte thudakkam muthal, athinte nilanilppinekkurichulla arivu "ariyenda" udyogastharil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. yunaittad stetts kongras sivil kalavastha upagraha padhathikkaayi ganyamaaya oru bajatt nischayichirunnu; randaamathe sainika paripaadiyekkurichulla arivu purathuvannirunnenkil, sainyathin athine nyaayeekarikkan prayasamaayirunnu.
aadyakaala dii. emm. ezz. pii. samvidaanangalude prarambha pravartthanangal yuu aasoothranam cheiyunnathinaayi claude-cover imageryude radio ritten nalki.ezz. philim ritten samvidaanangal upayogicha uyarnna resolutionulla photographic rahasyaanveshanavum nireekshana dauthyangalum. suurya-samakaalika bhramanapathathil pravartthikkunna dii. emm. ezz. pii upagrahangal; vadakkum thekk dhruvangaliloodeyum kadannupokumbol, upagraham ellah divasavum ore praadeshika samayat bhoomiyude vyathyastha strippukal kaanum. dii. emm. ezz. pii upagrahangalkk ekadesham <aii. dii. 1> minitt dairkhyamundaayirunnu, athinaal avaa 24 manikorinullil 14.3 thavana bhoomiye parikramanam cheyyum. eee kaalayalavum suurya-samakaalika bhramanapathavum samyojippichu upagraham divasathil randuthavana grahatthinte uparithalathiloode kadannupokum.
nediya chithrangal bhoomiyilekku rile cheyyukayum washington samsthaanathe fairchild vyomasena thaavalathinu sameepam sthithicheyyunna viramicha naikk misail saittukalilum mainile loaring vyomasena thaavalathilum sthaapicha rund command, reedt steshanukal sweekarikkukayum cheythu. eee sthalangalil ninnu chithrangal nebrascayile offattu airfozhs basil sthithicheyyunna airfozhs global vethar centralilekku (eiii. eph. jii. dablyu. sii) ayachu. chithrangal pinneedu prosess cheyyukayum bhramanapathathile upagrahangalil ninnu nireekshicha mekha paattenukale prathinidheekarikkunna oru mosaik roopeekarikkukayum cheyyum. kalavastha nireekshakarkk flaitt crewin mattu commandermark avarude prathyeka dauthyangalkkaayi kaalikamaaya nireekshanangal nalkaan kazhiyum. kooduthal purogathikal drishya spectrathil daatta shekharikkaan praapthamakki, pakuthi chandraprakaashamulla rangam vare. infrared prosessing ratri kazhcha saadhyamaakki. mattu mechappeduthalukal oonn-board prosessing vardhippichu; ithil onniladhikam oonn-board computerukalum vipuleekaricha vaidyuthi aavashyakathakalum ulppedunnu.
ippol athinte anchaam dashakathile sevanathil, karayilum kadalilum vaayuvilum sainika pravartthanangal shedule cheiyunnathinum samrakshikkunnathinum oru moolyavathaaya upakaranamaayi dii. emm. ezz. pii prograam svayam theliyichittundu. 1972 desemberil dii. emm. ezz. pii daatta tharamthirikkukayum sivil shaasthra samoohathinu labhyamakkukayum cheythu. 1998 juun 1 nuu, chelavu kuraykkunnathinaayi upagrahangalude niyanthranavum paripalanavum deseeya samudra, anthareekshamandala bharanathinu (noa) kaimari.
dii. emm. ezz. pick pakaram defense vethar saattalait sisttam (dii. dablyu. ezz. ezz) sthaapikkendiyirunnavum athu 2012ll raddaakkappettu. 2017ll vyomasena puthiya prathirodha kalavastha upagrahangalil aadyathethu, kalavastha samvidaanam fooloo-oonn microwave (dablyu. ezz. eph-emm) upagraham nirmmikkanulla karar nalki.
upagrahangalude nashtam.
2004leeii spodanam.
1991ll vikshepikkukayum 1995ll viramikkukayum cheytha 2004ll usaf kalavastha upagrahamaaya dii. emm. ezz. pii block 5dii-2 eph-11 (ezz-12) allengil dii. emm. ezz. pii-11, avashishtangal srishtikkappedunna bhramanapathathil pottitherichu. onnukil baattari pottithericho allengil manobhaava niyanthrana samvidaanathile sheshikkunna indhanamo aayirikkam vighadippikkal ennu thonnunnu. pinneedu, dii. emm. ezz. pii-11 spodanathinte "vilayiruthappetta kaaranam" propulsion aanennu thiricharinju.
2015leeii spodanavum avashishtangalum.
2015 februvari 3 nuu, 1995 ll vikshepicha 13-aamath dii. emm. ezz. pii. upagrahamaaya dii. emm. ezz. pii.-eph13 suurya-samakaalika dhruva bhramanapathathil pottitherichu kuranjathu 43 muthal 100 vare valia shakalangalum oru millimeteril kooduthal cheruthum 50,000-ladhikam kashanangalum avasheshikkunnu. kaaliforniyayile lompokkile wandenberg space fozhsu besile joyint space ooppareshans sentar vikasichukondirikkunna avashishtangalude feeld nireekshikkukayum "aavashyamenkil samyojana munnariyippukal nalkukayum cheyyum". design takaraar kaaranam oonboord baattari pottitherichathaanu spodanathinu kaaranam (mattoru vasthuvumayi koottiyidi undaayilla).
2016ll pakaram vaykkaathe dii. emm. ezz. pii 19 parajayappettu.
2016 februvari 11 nuu, oru vaidyuthi parajayam command-aandu-kantrol subsistatheyum athinte backuppineyum upagrahathinte prosessoril ethaan kazhiyaathe vittathayi yuu. ezz. ariyichu.ezz. 2016 joolaiyil puratthirakkiya vyomasenayude bahirakasha command anweshanathil dii. emm. ezz. pii 5dii-3/eph19 'nashtappettathayi' kanakkakkiyathaayum prakhyaapichu. censorukal bhoomiyilekku choondikkaanikkunnathu avasaanippikkunnathuvare upagrahathinte daatta ippozhum upayogikkaan kazhiyum. 2014 epril 3 nuu vikshepicha eee upagraham ettavum puthiya bhramanapathamaayirunnu.
eph 16, eph 17, eph 18 enniva maathramaan parajayam avasheshichathu-ellaam pratheekshicha 3-5 varshathe ayuss ganyamaayi marikadannu-pravarthanakshamamaayi. sambharanachelavu nalkaathe panam laabhikkunnathinaayi ithinakam nirmmicha eph 20 anweshanam nasippikkaan kongras utharavittathinaal eph 19-nte aasoothrithamaaya maattisthaapikkal nadappakkiyilla. 2023nuu munbu oru puthiya dii. emm. ezz. pii upagraham vikshepikkaan saadhyathayilla; appozhekkum sheshikkunna moonnu upagrahangalum pravarthanakshamakaruthu.
2016leeii spodanam.
2016 octoberil 1994ll vikshepicha 12-aamath dii. emm. ezz. pii. upagrahamaaya dii. emm. ezz. pii.-eph12 bhramanapathathil pottitherichu. upagrahathin dii. emm. ezz. pii-13 upagrahathil pottitherichathinu samanamaaya baattari undaayirunnu, athinaal dii. emm. ezz. pii-12 spodanavum baattari prasnangal moolamaanennu samshayam uyarthunnu. dii. emm. ezz. pii-12nte spodanathinte kaaranam aaa samayat anjjaathamaayirunnuvenkilum mattoru vasthuvumayulla koottiyidi kaaranamaayi thonniyilla. prathyakshatthil, dii. emm. ezz. pii-12 spodanathil valare kurachu avashishtangal (track cheyyaavunna oru kashanam maathram) srishtikkappettu. 2008ll dii. emm. ezz. pii-12 nirthalaakki.
koottiyidikku sameepam.
2017 januvariyil, samyuktha bahirakasha pravartthana kendram, 44 sathamaanam vare koottiyidi saadhyathayode, manuverable allatha rund upagrahangal apakadakaramaayi aduthethumennu prakhyaapichu. dii. emm. ezz. pii eph15, mettiyor <aii. dii. 1> ennivayeyaanu ettumuttalinte pradhana sthaanaarthikalaayi kanakkaakkiyath. koottiyidikku saadhyathayundennu prakhyaapicha ooppareshans sentar ulppetta upagrahangale thiricharinjillenkilum moonnaam kakshi nireekshakar ettavum saadhyathayulla sthaanaarthikale nirnnayichu. iruvarum koottiyidichirunnilla.
nambar 16,17.
dii. emm. ezz. pii upagrahangalude athe saankethikavidyaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu noa-16, noa-17 kalavastha upagrahangal. 2021 march 10 nuu nova-17 bhramanapathathil vighadichu. 2015 novemberil nova-16 vighadichu.
vikshepana charithram.
dii. emm. ezz. pii thudakkathil prograam 35 ennariyappettirunnu. prograam 35 bahirakasha pedakatthinte aadya vijayakaramaya vikshepanam 1962 august 23 nuu wandenberg bahirakasha seena thaavalathinaduthulla pooyint argelloyil ninnu oru scout ex-2 rokkatt uyarthi. ithu pii 35-2 aayirunnu, 1962 meyy 24 nuu nadatthiya pii 35-1 vikshepanam bhramanapathathilethaan parajayappettirunnu. rund vijayangal ulppede scout vikshepana vahanam upayogichulla anchu prograam 35 vikshepana sramangalum wandenberg slc-5 ll ninnaan nadathiyathu. mattu aadyakaala vikshepanangal thore vikshepana vahanangal upayogichaanu nadathiyathu, altaire allengil burner II mukalile ghattangalaayirunnu. prograam 35 appozhekkum daatta acvisition aandu prosessing prograam ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettirunnu, koodaathe eee upagrahangalkk dapp ecronym chilappol upayogikkunnu. 1982num 1995num idayil atlas iii vikshepana vahanangal upayogichu ettu upagrahangal vikshepichu. 1997num 2003num idayil titan II vahanangalil moonnu upagrahangal vikshepichu. onnu deltta IV rokkattil vikshepichu.
dmpp upagrahamaaya dmpp-eph19-nte ettavum puthiya vikshepanam 2014 epril 3 nuu atlas vii vikshepana vaahanathil wandenbergil ninnaan nadannathu.
block 1.
pii-35 ennum ariyappedunna dii. ezz. eiii. pii-1 (defense saattalait aaplikkeshan prograam block 1) upagraha parambara american aikyanaadukalile sainika kalavastha upagrahangalude aadya parambarayaayirunnu. 1962 juun muthal pii-35-noppam pii-698bh enna peru oresamayam upayogichappol pii-35 1962 octoberil pii-417 aayi maari. dii. emm. ezz. pii-1 (defense meteriological saattalait prograam block 1) enna peru munkaala praabalyathode eee upagrahangalkk nalki.
block 2.
dii. ezz. eiii. pii-2 (defense saattalait aaplikkeshan prograam block 2) upagraha shreniyil moonnu parishkaricha dii. ezz. eiii. pii-1 upagrahangal ulppedunnu, mechappetta infrared radiometerukal ulkkollunna muun shreniyude aakruthiyum alavum nilanirthunnu. dii. emm. ezz. pii-2 (defense meteriological saattalait prograam block 2) enna padavi munkaala praabalyathode eee upagrahangalkk nalkiyirunnu.
block 3.
single dii. ezz. eiii. pii-3 (defense saattalait aaplikkeshan prograam block 3) kalavastha daattayilekk pareekshanathmaka thanthraparamaaya praveshanam nalkunnathinaayi parishkaricha dii. ezz. eiii. pii-2 upagrahamaayirunnu, ithinaayi saigonin sameepam oru thanthraparamaaya reedt steshan nirmmichu. dii. emm. ezz. pii-3 (defense meteriological saattalait prograam block 3) enna padavi munkaala praabalyathode eee upagrahathin nalkiyirunnu.
block 5dii.
2015ll kongras dii. emm. ezz. pii prograam avasaanippikkaanum dii. emm. ezz. pii 5dii-3/eph20 upagraham neekkam cheyyaanum vottu cheythu, adutha thalamura samvidaanathilekku neengaan vyomasenayodu utharavittu. varum varshangalil vikshepanathinaayi vilikkendivannaal dii. emm. ezz. pii. eph20 kaaliforniyayile sannivaaleyile oru lockheed martin clean roomil kalavastha niyantritha sambharanathil sookshikkaan vyomasena uddeshichirunnu, dii. emm. ezz. pii 5dii-3/eph19 nte paraajayathetthudarnnu, usf dii. emm. ezz. pii-5dii3 eph-20-nte bhaviyekkurichu punarvichinthanam nadathukayaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 2016 avasaanathode usaf dii. emm. ezz. pii-5dii3 eph-20 scrap cheyyaan thudangi.

