
seett adisthaanathil american aikyanaadukalile supreme kodathiyile jadjimaarude pattika

amerikkayile ettavum uyarnna raankulla judicial sthaapanamaanu american aikyanaadukalile supreme kodathi. bharanaghadanayude article III prakaram sthaapithamaaya kodathiyude vishadamaaya ghadana 1789-ll onnaam yunaittad stetts kongras nirddeshichu. kongras kodathiyude yadhaarthavum appeel adikaaraparidhiyum vyakthamaakkukayum 13 judicial jillakal srishtikkukayum aarr cheef justisumaarum anchu associate justisumaarum aayi jadjimaarude ennam nischayikkukayum cheythu. 1869ll nilavil onpathu jadjimarayi theerppaakkunnathinu munbu supreme kodathiyile jadjimaarude ennam aarr thavana maari.
thaazhepparayunna pattikakal yunaittad stetsile supreme kodathiyile jadjimaarude thudarnadapadikal seett anusarichu vishadeekarikkunnu. associate jadjimaarude vyakthigatha seettukalkku aupachaarika nambarukaloo perukalo illa, avaa eee lekhanathil samkhyayude adisthaanathil pattikappedutthiyittundu, athupole thanne oronnum kongras sthaapicha theeyathiyilaanu. associate justice seettukalude ennam 1 muthal 4 vare ennathu udghaadana jadjimaarude mungananayude kramatthe prathifalippikkunnu, ithu yuu. ezz. sthireekaranathethudarnna president jorjju washingtonil ninnulla kammeeshante seeniorittiye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.ezz. senatt. senatt sthireekaranathethudarnna oro seettilum aadyam thaamasikkunnayaalkk presidentil ninnu kammeeshan labhicha kramam anusarichu anchaamathe yadhaartha associate justice seettum oresamayam srishticha ezhaamatheyum ettaamatheyum seettukalum ennunnu. oro seettukalum niyamaprakaaram srishticha kramamanusarichu aarr, ombathu, 10 seettukal ennunnu. arambha theeyathi" ennathu justice judicial sathyaprathinja cheytha theeyathiyum "avasana theeyathi" ennathu justicinte maranam, raaji allengil viramikkal theeyathiyum aanu.
yadhaartha seettukal.
1789leeii judiciary act (1789) prakaram supreme kodathi jadjimaarude ennam aarayi oru cheef justice anchu associate justisumaarum. 1789ll sthaapithamaaya associate justice seettukalilonnu (thaazhe 5 seettukal) pinneedu 1866leeii judicial surcuted aaktinte () falamaayi nirthalaakkappettu, ithu ezhu jadjimar undaakunnathuvare supreme kodathiyile seettukal kramena illaathaakkaan vyavastha cheythu.
adhika seettukal.
1807ll kongras ezhaam surcuted niyamam () pasaki, ithu supreme kodathiyilekku aaraamathe associate justicine chertthu. ettaamatheyum onpathaamatheyum surcuted aaktinte () falamaayi 1837-ll rund seettukal koodi kootticherkkappettu; 1866-leeii judicial surcuted aaktinte falamaayi ivayilonnu (thaazhe 7 seettukal) pinneedu nirthalaakkappettu. 1863-ll patthaam surcuted act () niyamamaayappol supreme kodathi athinte ettavum valia valippathilethi, pathaamatthe justice kodathiyil chernnu. aarr varshathe kaalayalavil onpathu muthal patthu vare ettu vare amgangalil ettakkurachilukalkku sesham, federal kodathikalude vishalamaaya punarnirmmaana kaalaghattatthile punasamghadanayaaya 1869 () leeii surcuted jadji niyamathiloode kodathiyude valuppam onpathu amgangalaayi punasthaapichu. eee niyamam kodathiyile seettukalude ennam sambandhicha bharana niyamamaayi thudarunnu.

