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palappozhum "vocalic r" ennu vilikkappedunna indic abugidasinte swaraaksharam poleyulla oru aksharamaanu. aadhunika indic lipikalil, aadyakaala "ashoka" brahmi aksharathil ninnaan ithu uruthirinjathu. prathyakshatthil kaanavunna oru soochaka swaraaksharamenna nilayil, saadhaaranayaayi rund vyathyastha roopangalil varunnu 1) oru swatantra aksharamaayum 2) oru adisthaana vyanjanaksharam parishkkarikkunnathinula swaraaksharamaayum. parishkkarikkunna swaraakshara chihnamillaatha nagna vyanjanaaksharangalkk antharleenamaaya "eiii" swaraaksharamundu.
aryabhatta samkhya.
indian akkangal kandupidichathinusheshavum greak akkangalumayi valare saamyamulla devanagari aksharangalaanu aryabhatta akkangalkkayi upayogichathu. oru vyanjanaaksharathinte moolyam parishkkarikkan chinnathe upayogichirunnuvenkilum swaraaksharathinu oru antharleenamaaya moolyamundaayirunnil.
charitraparamaaya.
moonnu vyathyastha pothuvaaya aadyakaala charitra lipikalundu-brahmiyum athinte vakabhedangalum, kharoshti, thocharian, "charinja brahmi" ennu vilikkappedunnu. oru adisthaana vyanjanaksharam parishkkarikkunnathinula oru svaraaksharamaayi maathram brahmiyil oru swatantra svaraaksharamaayi ithu kandethiyilla. ellah brahma lipikaleyum pole, tocharian aksharathinum oru adisthaana vyanjanaksharam parishkkarikkunnathin oru swaraaksharamundu. kharoshtiyil, eaka swatantra swaraaksharam antharleenamaaya a-ykkullathaanu. eiii' aksharathil cherttha svaraaksharangal upayogichu 'eiii' ulppede matellaa swatantra svaraaksharangalum soochippikkunnu.
brahmi.
brahmi aksharam brahmi ruu ennathinte lalithamaaya parishkkaranamaayirunnu, orupakshe aathyanthikamayi aramic reshil ninnu uruthirinjathaayirikkaam, athinaal ithu aadhunika laattin aarr, greak roow ennivayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. swaraaksharam ezhuthunnathinte niravadhi thirichariyaan kazhiyunna shailikal kandethaam, avayil mikathum oru puraavasthuvil ninnulla oru prathyeka likhithangalumaayo charitraparamaaya kaalaghattatthile vaividhyamaarnna rekhakalumaayo bandhappettirikkunnu. brahmiyude adyakaalavum ettavum jyaamitheeyavumaaya shaili enna nilayil, akkaalathe ashoka likhithangalilum mattu rekhakalilum kaanapedunna aksharangal saadhaaranayaayi brahmi aksharangalude reference roopamaanu, ennaal aadyakaala brahmiyile svaraaksharangalude abhavam kanakkiledukkumbol, reference chithram saadhaaranayaayi pilkkala shailikalude jyaamitheeya roopathilekku thirichuvarunnu, koodaathe ′ ennathinulla swatantra aksharam hrasvamaaya ρ ll ninnaan uruthirinjathu.
tocharian rii.
tocharian aksharam hrasvamaaya brahmir ennathil ninnaan uruthirinjathu. tocharian valare apoorvamaayi maathrame upayogichirunnulloo, kurachu adisthaana vyanjanaksharangalumaayi samyojippichu corpusil maathrame prathyakshappedukayulloo.
kharoshti.
kharoshti aksharam r swaraaksharavum swaraaksharathinte neelam adayaalavum upayogichaanu soochippikkunnathu. oru swatantra swaraaksharamenna nilayil, a enna swatantra swaraaksharathil svaraaksharangal cherthaanu soochippikkunnathu.
devanagari.
devanagari abugidayude oru svaraaksharamaanu. athu aathyanthikamayi brahmi aksharathil ninnaan uthbhavichath. gujarati aksharam, modhi aksharam ennivayaanu athil ninnu uruthirinja aksharangal.
bhashakal upayogikkunna devanagari.
hindi bhasha, samskritham, bhooribhaagam intho-aaryan bhashakal enniva ezhuthaan devanagari lipi upayogikkunnu. eee bhashakalil bhooribhaagathilum, 'ennu ucharikkappedunnu. ellah soochaka lipikaleyum pole, devanagari svaraaksharangalum rund roopangalil varunnu oru swaraaksharathil aarambikkunna aksharangalkkulla oru swatantra swaraakshara roopavum antharleenamaaya/Â/swaraaksharathe marikadakkaan adisthaana vyanjanaaksharathil gadippichirikkunna oru swaraakshara chihnavum. 
bangali.
bangali abugidayude oru svaraaksharamaanu. siddham aksharathil ninnu uruthirinja ithu thirashcheena thalarekhayude abhavavum devanagari prathiroopathekkaal kuranja jyaamitheeya aakruthiyum adayaalappeduthunnu.
bhashakal upayogichulla bangali lipi.
kizhakkan indiayile niravadhi bhashakal, prathyekichu bangali bhashayum assamies ezhuthaan bangali lipi upayogikkunnu. mikka bhaashakalilum, 'ennu ucharikkappedunnu. ellah soochaka lipikaleyum pole, bangali svaraaksharangalum rund roopangalil varunnu swaraaksharathil aarambikkunna aksharangalkkulla oru swatantra swaraaksharam, antharleenamaaya/ω/swaraaksharathe marikadakkaan adisthaana vyanjanaaksharathil gadippichirikkunna oru swaraaksharam. 
gujarati.
gujarati abugidayude oru svaraaksharamaanu. ithu devanagari aksharathil ninnum aathyanthikamayi brahmi aksharathil ninnum uruthirinjathaanu.
gujarati bhashakal upayogikkunnu.
gujarati, kachi bhashakal ezhuthaan gujarati lipi upayogikkunnu. rund bhaashakalilum, 'ennu ucharikkappedunnu. ellah soochaka lipikaleyum pole, gujarati svaraaksharangalum rund roopangalil varunnu oru swaraaksharathil aarambikkunna aksharangalkkulla oru swatantra swaraakshara roopavum antharleenamaaya/Â/swaraaksharathe marikadakkaan adisthaana vyanjanaaksharathil gadippichirikkunna oru swaraakshara chihnavum.
telung.
telung abugidayude oru svaraaksharamaanu. athu aathyanthikamayi brahmi aksharathil ninnaan uthbhavichath. kannada aksharavumaayi ithinu adutha bandhamund. mattu soochaka lipikalilethupole, telung svaraaksharangalkku rund roopangalunda padatthinum akshara-prarambha svaraaksharangalkkum swatantra aksharavum, telung vyanjanaaksharangalude antharleenamaaya "eiii" mattunnathinulla swaraakshara chihnavum. attaach cheyyaatha oru swaraakshara chihnamaanu, ithu adisthaana vyanjanaaksharatheyo sandarbhochithamaaya aakruthiyeyo oru tharatthilum mattunnilla.
malayalam.
malayalam abugidayile oru svaraaksharamaanu. athu aathyanthikamayi brahmi aksharathil ninnu, grandha aksharam "rr" vazhi uthbhavichu. mattu soochaka lipikalilethupole, malayalam svaraaksharangalkku rund roopangalunda vaakkin oru swatantra aksharavum akshara-prarambha svaraaksharangalum, vyanjanaaksharangalude antharleenamaaya "eiii" mattunnathinulla swaraaksharam. malayaalathile svaraaksharangal saadhaaranayaayi athinte adisthaana vyanjanaaksharathin sameepam irikkunnu-thaazhe, idathotto valathotto idathotto valathotto, ennaal ellaayppozhum vyanjanaaksharathin sesham ucharikkappedunnu. aadhunika parishkaricha "paalaya lipi" oorthograafiyekkaal pazhaya shailiyilulla "paalaya lipi" grandhangalil ithu valare saadhaaranamaanenkilum, chila svaraaksharangal, udaaharanathinu, chila vyanjanaaksharangalulla oru legature roopappeduthaam.
odiya.
odiya abugidayude oru svaraaksharamaanu. athu aathyanthikamayi brahma aksharathil ninnu siddham aksharam "rr" vazhi uyarnnuvannu. mattu soochaka lipikalilethupole, odiya svaraaksharangalkku rund roopangalunda vaakkin oru swatantra aksharavum akshara-prarambha svaraaksharangalum, vyanjanaaksharangalude antharleenamaaya "eiii" mattunnathinulla swaraaksharam. odiyayile svaraaksharangal saadhaaranayaayi athinte adisthaana vyanjanaaksharathin sameepam irikkunnu-thaazhe, idathotto valathotto allengil idathotto valathotto, pakshe ellaayppozhum vyanjanaaksharathin sesham ucharikkappedunnu. oru swaraaksharam cherkkumbol adisthaana vyanjanaaksharangalonnum roopathil marunnilla, koodaathe oodiyayil vyanjanaksharam + svaraaksharangal illa.
′ ennathumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyuka.
vividha indic skripttukal saadhaaranayaayi poruthappedutthaliloode kadamedukkaliloodeyum parasparam bandhappettirikkunnu, athupole thanne ′ ulppedeyulla kognettu aksharangalude glyphukalum bandhappettirikkunnu.
aksharangalude encodingukal.
mikka indic skripttukalum unicode staanderdilaanu encode cheythirikkunnathu, athinaal aaa skripttukalile aksharam advitheeya coode pooyintulla playin teksttil prathinideekarikkaan kazhiyum. niravadhi aadhunika upayoga skripttukalil ninnulla skripttukal iski polulla legazy encodingukalilum kaanam.

