lestrimelita limavo

brazililum panaamayilum kaanapedunna oru neotropical eusosial theneecha inamaanu lestrimelita limo, ithu epiday kudumbatthinte bhagamaanu. koodu kollayadikkunnath nirbandhamaakkunna oru inam kashanangalillaatha theneechakalaanu ithu. avarude raiding swabhaavathe pinthunaykkunna oru nireekshanamaaya pookkalil ninnu avaa orikkalum vettayaadunnathaayi kandethiyitla. hind corbiculayude abhavam kaaranam, koombolayudeyum thenteyum roopathil avarude bhakshanathil mathiyaya protein labhikkunnathin avar raid cheyyanam. "lestrimelita limo" vijayakaramaya reydukal nadathunnathinaayi naaranga sugandhamulla alaram alomon sravikkunnu, athil ninnu avarkk avarude peru labhikkunnu. "ell. manushyar kazhichaal vishaamshamulla thaine uthpaadippikkumennu limov anumaanikkappedunnu. moshtaakkalude theneechakal valare apoorvavum nireekshikkaan prayasamullathumaayathinaal, vivarangalkk parimithamaaya vyaapthi labhyamaan.
taxonomy, filogeny.
"theneechakal, eugloscience, theneechakal, kaduppamillaatha theneechakal enniva ulppedunna epiday kudumbatthinte bhagamaanu lestrimelita limo. eee inam meliponini gothrathilaanu. "ell. limo "saadhaaranayaayi ore kudumbatthile koodukal sandarshikkunnu, prathyekichu" trigona ".
vivaranavum thirichariyalum.
lestrimelita limavo" inathe oro kolaniyilum thozhilaallikal, purushanmaar, raajnjikal enningane thirichirikkunnu. purushanmaarkk thozhilaallikalude athe valippamaanenkilum raajnjikalkku valare valuppamund. eee inathile ellah amgangalum thilangunna karutha niratthilullathum shareerathil viralamaayi kaanapedunna mudiyullathum femora tbyilum idathoornnathaayi kaanapedunnathumaanu. tbyayile romangal cheruthum manjayum viralamaaya shareera romangal karuthathumaanu. ell" nte chirakukal. limoil "sradheyamaaya cubital sirakal maathrame adangiyittulloo. koodaathe, pravarthanakshamamaaya corbiculayude abhavam, neelam koodiya kudal, ghraana discal kuravu, avayude athulyamaaya cleptobiotic swabhaavam ennivayiloode avaa thirichariyaan kazhiyum. eiii "ell. ayalraajyangalile kathiyillaatha theneecha kolanikalil raid nadathunna kavalkkar, thozhilaallikal, skauttukal ennivaradangiyathaanu limo kolaniyennu pothuve parayaam. praayathinanusarichu thozhil specialisation illa.
raajnjikal.
lestrimelita limavo" yude raajnji onniladhikam purushanmarumaayi inacherum. oru gambheera raajnji undengilum, oru kolaniyil saadhaaranayaayi rando moonno kanyaka raajnjikalund. raajnikku thozhilaallikaleyo purushanmaareyo apekshichu neelamullathum karuthuttathumaaya kaalukalum kooduthal vikasithamaaya malar sthalavumundu. ivayude chirakukal thozhilaallikalude aakruthiyum ghadanayum poleyaanengilum raajnjiyude chirakukalil naalo ancho hamuli undu. guruthwaakarshanamulla raajnjikalkku onpathu muthal 10.5 millimeter vare neelavum kanyaka raajnjikalkku ekadesham ezhu millimeter neelavumundu.
thozhilaallikal.
oro "ell. limo 'worker vingil saadhaaranayaayi ancho aaroo hamuli adangiyirikkunnu. thozhilaallikalkk 5,5 muthal 6.25 millimeter vare neelavum ekadesham rund millimeter veethiyum anchu muthal 5,5 millimeter vare forving neelavumundu.
purushanmaar.
cheria thalayum veethiyulla annukalum cheria malar space, idungiya mukha chathushkonavumulla aanthumbikal thozhilaallikalekkaal alpam cheruthaanu. purushante flazellum 12 sandhikalal nirmmichathaanu, yadhaarthathil cospeciphic varkarekkaal valuthaanu. raajnjikkum thozhilaalikalkkum aarr drishyamaaya terjaittukalum purushanmaarkk ezhu terjaittukalum undu. aanthumbikalkku 5,5 muthal aarr millimeter vare neelavum ekadesham rund millimeter veethiyum 4,5 muthal anchu millimeter vare neelavum undu.
nestt vaasthuvidya.
"lestrimelita limavo" koodukal praadhamikamaayi nilathu ninnu uyarnna nilayilaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. koodukalude uparithalam nerttha mriduvaaya paaliyaayi thudarnnu, ennaal attakuttappanikalkkidayil, puthiya gadanakal upayogichu pazhaya vaasthuvidya nirmmikkunna oru involukram roopangal. aduthulla kashanangalillaatha theneecha koodukalude reydukalil ninnu nediya nirmmaana saamagrikal thozhilaallikal upayogikkunnu. uparithalathiludaneelam 1-1.5 centimeter uyaravum vyaasavumulla niravadhi blind sack neelamulla proteuberanceukal nirmmichittundu. koodu nannaakkal samayat thozhilaallikalude vyakthigatha pravartthanangalude samyojanathinte abhavam kaaranam eee proteuberanceukalil uyarnna vyathiyaanamund.
koodukkullil saadhaaranayaayi 35 centimeter vare neendu nilkkunna valia praveshana kuzhal undu. eee praveshana kuzhalil koodukalude adibhaagathu staalaaktait polulla proteuberanceukal adangiyirikkunnu. flaitt tubinte akathalathinte sthiramaaya minusavum vrithavum gaveshakan nireekshichu. raathriyil nuzhanjukayatakkaar praveshikkunnathu thadayaan eee pradhana kavaadam mezhukulla resin padaartham upayogichu adaykkunnu. kaalaavasthaye aashrayich, kaaval theneechakal koodinullile praveshana kavaadatthinte akathe arikukalilo allengil athinu nere purattho svayam sthaapikkum. 
kudayillaatha theneecha koodukalil oru praveshana kuzhiyude saannidhyam saadhaaranamaanu, koodu samrakshikkaan sahaayikkunnathin "tetragonisca aamgastula" polulla niravadhi enangalil ithu kaanapedunnu.
vitharanavum aavaasavyavasthayum.
"lestrimelita limo" brazililum panaamayilum kaanapedunnu, ithu apoorvavum chitharikkidakkunnathumaya oru inamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. avayude koodukal uyarathil, pollayaya maratthinte thumbukalil kaanapedunnu, pakshe idaykkide nilathu ninnu oru adii allengil mathilukalude vashangalil kaanapedunnu. "lestrimellitta limo" kolanikal mattu meliponin koodukalude 10 adikkullil thanthraparamaayi koodukal nirmmikkukayum koodu kollayadikkunnath kooduthal kaikaaryam cheyyavunnathaakkukayum cheyyum.
rading perumaattam.
nirbandhitha koodu kollakkar enna nilayil, "lestrimelita limavo" athinte poshaka aavasyangal niravettunnathinaayi ayal koodukal sandarshikkanam. saadhaaranayaayi, oru aathidheya koodu ekadesham 4 manikkoor neendunilkkumenkilum idaykkide, oru raid paramavadhi 5 divasam neendunilkkum. mazhakkaalathu, pookkalude samriddhi kuravaayathinaal kooduthal reydukal aavarthikkunnu. kootta reydukalil 600 "lii. vare ulppedunnu. limo "theneechakal, athesamayam koodundaakkunna vasthukkalkkayulla neriya reydukalil kurachu maathrame ulppedunnulloo. onniladhikam meliponin kolanikal oresamayam raid cheyyaan saadhyathayund. chila avasarangalil, "ell. limo "aathidheya koodile yadhaartha nivaasikale ozhippikkukayo unmoolanam cheiyukayo cheythekkaam. sambhavangal rekhappeduthiyittundu, aakramanakaarikal koodundaakkunna kadakalum koodum maathram sthiramaayi kaivasham vaykkunnathu apoorvamaanu.
scouting.
"lestrimelita limavo" skauttukal aduthulla meliponin koodukalil irakalaakaan saadhyathayullavarekkurichu vivarangal shekharikkaan pookunnu. eee thozhilaallikalkk citral, kemikkal isomerukalude valia sephalic grandhi reservoirukalundu. aathidheyarude koodu praveshana kavaadatthil vachu kollappedumbol eee rasavasthukkal mochippikkappedunnu, skauttinte koodu koottukaare niyamikkunnu. eee raasavasthukkalude prakaashanamaan kooduthal aakarshikkunnath. limo "thozhilaallikal, raid aarambikkunnu.
kaaval nilkkunnu.
swantham koodukalil kavalkkar aakramanakaarikalalla, pakshe aathidheya koodukalude praveshana kavaadatthil, aathidheyaril ninnum mattu praanikalil ninnum athine samrakshikkunnathinaayi avar oru vritham roopeekarikkunnu. "lestrimelita limo" kavalkkar oru reydinu munbum sheshavum hoost koodundaakkunna idathinu puram vashath chuttum aninirakkunnu. eee kaaval moshtaakkal idaykkide wier uyarthukayum avarude velutha intersegmental pradesham thurannukaattukayum chirakukal pongukayum cheiyunnu. avar avarude mandibular grandhikalil ninnu citral purathuvidunnu, reydinte purogathiyumaayum thudakkavumayum thaarathamyappeduthumbol ithu samayabandhithamayirikkanam.
thozhilaallikal.
raid samayat urumbukalum aathidheyar praveshana kuzhiyilekku praveshikkunnathu thadayaan thozhilaallikal praveshana dwaarangalkku mukalil cheria resin kashanagal sthaapikkunnu. raid poorthiyaayikkazhinjaal avar mudra neekkam cheiyunnu.
manushya praadhaanyamulla.
uthppaadanam.
lestrimelita limavo" kolanikalil ninnulla theneechakale orikkalum pookkalil kanditillengilum visha sasyangalil avaye kandittundu. ell" yude thaine undakaan saadhyathayund. limo "rogathinum pakshaaghaathatthinum kaaranamaakunnu, athinaal ithu vishamaanenn kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1895-ll, missoins alto paraanayile aalukal "iraathi" (samskaarathinte peru "ell") uthppaadippikkunna athe alavil thaine upayogikkunnuvennu udharikkappettu. limo ") athu undaakkunna athe pakshaaghaathatthe chikilsikkaan. athupole, 1930-ll nordenskyoid bolivian indiakkaar pakshaaghaatham bhedamaakkaan thaine upayogichathinekkurich gwaray indiakkaare udharichu. ell" nte phalangalude vivaranagal. vividha vyakthikalil limov thaine soochippikkunnathu thenil gryanotoxinukal adangiyirikkaamennum bhranthamaaya thaine rogathinu kaaranamakumennum.

