europianmaar

1878ll prasidheekaricha henry jayimsinte oru hraswa novalaanu dhii europeansa eiii sketch. europil ninnulla rund sandarshakarude perumaattattheyum manobhaavatheyum nyoo englandinte "puthiya" lokath thamasikkunna avarude bandhukkaleyum vyathyasthamaakkunna oru komadiyanith. 1878 juulai-october maasathil "dhii atlaantik maasika" yill oru seeriyalaayi eee noval aadyamaayi prathyakshappettu. aadya pusthaka prasidheekaranathinaayi jaims niravadhi cheria parishkaarangal nadatthi.
plott aamukham.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil bosttanilum nyoo englandilum aarambikkunna eee katha, pazhayathil ninnu puthiya lokathekku marria rund europian sahodarangalude anubavangal vivarikkunnu. cheruppam muthal europil thaamasikkukayum fraansil ninnu italiyilekkum speyinil ninnu jarmmaniyilekkum maarukayum cheytha eugenia mansttarum felix yamgumaanu rund pradhana kathaapaathrangal. eee avasana sthaanathu, eugenia, rashtreeya kaaranangalal vivaham pirichuvidaan ippol kudumbam abhyarthikkunna, bharikkunna raajakumaarante ilaya sahodaranaaya sylberstad-shrekkanstainile prins adolfumaayi oru morganatic vivaahathil earppettu. ekkaaranathaal, eugenia felix avarude vidoora cussinsine kaanaan amerikkayilekku pookaan theerumaanikkunnu, athuvazhi eugenia oru sambannanaaya american bharthaavinte roopathil "avalude sambathu thedum".
ellah cussins bosttaninu chuttumulla graamapradesangalil thaamasikkukayum orumichu dhaaraalam samayam chelavazhikkukayum cheiyunnu. avarumaayulla aadya koodikkaazhcha felix thante kudumbatthe aadyamaayi sandarshichathinodu saamyamullathaan. misttar govarthinte kudumbam yooropyanmaarude sheelangalil ninnu valare akaleyulla oru puritanical kudumbamaanu. pithrthva shree gowarth, addehathinte 20 vayassulla makan clifford, jertrude, charlot ennee rund penmakkal ennivayil felix aakarshikkappedunnu. avar mistarinoppam dhaaraalam samayam chelavazhikkunnu. roobert acton sahodari lisiyum avarude ayalkkaarum cussins.
eee aadya sameepanathin sheshamulla eugeniayude prathikaranam felixil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. eee bandhukkalkkoppam jeevikkaan kazhiyillennu aval manassilakkunnu, ennittum thannil ninnu valare vyathyasthamayi, pakshe oru cheria veedinte sammanam sweekarikkunnathil aval santhushtayaanu-avalude swaathanthryavum oru nischitha akalam palikkunnathum aval vilamathikkunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, avarude sahodaran thante muzhuvan samayavum charlottinodum jertrudinode oppam chelavazhikkunnathil valare santhushtanaanu, avarude piasayilo poonthottatthilo manikkoorukalolam chelavazhikkukayum rund sthreekalude chhaayaachithrangal nirmmikkukayum cheiyunnu.
plott sangraham.
eugenia avalude sahodaran felix bostaniletthunnu. pittennu felix avarude cussinsine sandarshikkunnu. palliyil hajaraakunnathil ninnu vittunilkkukayum pakaram pranayasahithyangal vaayikkukayum cheiyunna gertrudine addeham aadyam kandumuttunnu. athaazhathinu avan avide thaamasikkunnu. pittennu eugenia avare sandarshikkunnu. moonnu divasathinu sesham avarude ammavan misttar gowarth avarodu aduthulla oru cheria veettil thamasikkaan nirddeshikkunnu. ammaavante oru chhaayaachitram nirmmikkaan felix nirddeshikkunnu. misttar. gowarth nirasikkunnu, pakaram gertrudinte oru painting cheyyaan addeham padhathiyidunnu. oru divasam, nadakkaan pookunna oru yuva purohithane, misttar brand, avale kaathirikkunna oru yuva purohithane kandumuttunnu. avan thante snehaprakhyaapanam puthukkunnu, pakshe athu kelkkaan aagrahikkaatha avan niraashayode karanjukondu (kaaranam avalude kudumbam misttar sweekarikkaan avale prerippikkunnu ennathinaal) pookaan aavashyappedunnu. brand). thudarnnu aval avalude chhaayaachitram cheiyunna felixinu vendi irikkunnu. avarude sambhaashanathinidayil, thante american bandhukkal jeevithathile aanandangalekkurichu ithrayadhikam sradhikkaathathum, karsanamaaya nilavaaratthil jeevikkunnathum, swantham vyakthigatha santhoshathekkurichu chinthikkaathathum enthukondaanennu addeham athbhuthappedunnu.
yogyathayulla (sambannanum) bachilarum, govarthukalude cussin aaya roobert acton eugenia shradhikkukayum avar orumichu samayam chelavazhikkaan thudangukayum cheiyunnu. eugenia thante vivaahathe kurichu mii. misttar parayukayallathe mattonnum paraamarsikkunnilla. appol bharthaavinte kudumbam aval oppidaan aagrahikkunna oru paper avalude pakkalund (athu vivaham pirichuvidum.) aval srimati aakdane sandarshikkukayum avarude sambhaashanathinide oru velutha nuna parayukayum cheiyunnu-avalude makan avalekkurichu dhaaraalam samsaarikkunnundennu-ithu oru vyaja-paas aayi kaanapedunnu. prathyekichu, roobert aaktan cheria asathyathe rekhappeduthunnu. madyapaana prashnam kaaranam thante ilaya makan cliffordine harward sarvakalashaalayil ninnu suspended cheythathayi misttar godavarth felixinode parayunnu. valarnnuvarunna oru prayamaaya sthreeyude swaadheenam thante perumaattam mechappeduthaan sahaayichekkaamenn felix soochippikkunnu-thante sahodariyeppolulla oru sthree, theerchayaayum, yuva clifford eugenia sandarshikkaan thudangunnu. athesamayam, felix jertrude pranayathilaakunnu. oduvil, avalkk avane ishtamallengilum mantri emm. aarr. brandine vivaham kazhikkanamennu avalude pithaav aagrahikkunnuvennu gertrude avanodu parayunnu. gertrudinte sahodari charlot enganeyaanu misttarilekku aakarshikkappedunnathu ennu felix shradhichu. brand, aval thannodu pranayathilaanennu avanu bodhyappedunnu, avan misttarumaayi samsaarikkunnu. brand, athraye ardhamaakkunnu. adhehavum gertrude misttar jonsansine kaanaan aagrahikkunnu. brand charlot othucherunnu-athu avane avarude swantham pranayabandham pinthudaraan swathanthranaakkum. oru vaikunneram, kurachu divasamaayi purathaaya roobert aaktan (thaan eugeniayumaayi pranayathilaanennu vishwasikkaan thudangiyirikkunnu) avale kaanaan vaikunnu. vaasthavathil, clifford aaa samayat yoojeeniyaykkoppamaayirunu, pakshe roobert varunnathayi manassilaakkiyappol oru pinn muriyil clifford marachirunnu. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. misttar. akttan, avalude vivaahathinte vishayam veendum varunnu, koodaathe nayagra veezhunnathu kaanaan avar orumichu-ottaykku-pookaanum addeham nirddeshikkunnu. clifford apratheekshithamaayi olivilulla sthalathu ninnu purathuvarunnu, valare vichitramaaya oru nimishamundu. clifford leaf eugenia chernnu aaa cheruppakkaaran thante veettilundaayirunnathukalinu oru asathyakathayaanu parayunnath. pinneedu cliffordumaayi samsaarikkumbol misttar. thaan sathyam paranjittillenn aaktan manassilakkunnu, avalkk nuna parayaan kazhiyumenna vastutha avante chinthakale bhaarappeduthaan thudangunnu, avane sandarshikkaan pookaan avan divasangalolam nilkkunnu.
athesamayam, felix thante sahodari yoojeeniyayod jertrudine vivaham kazhikkaan aagrahikkunnuvennu parayunnu; roobert aaktan thannodu vivaham kazhikkaan aavasyappettenkilum thanikk athu venamennu urappillennu avakaashappedunnathil aval thante sahodaranodu kallam parayunnu. amerikkayil oru sambannane kandethukayenna thante lakshyam paraajayappettuvenn aval manassilaakkiyenkilum avalkk avalude abhimaanamund. aval jarmmaniyilekku madangaan theerumaanikkunnu. aval srimati aakdane vidavaangal sandarshikkukayum pookumbool robertine kaanukayum jarmmaniyilekku vaarshikarekha ayachittundennu avakaashappedukayum cheiyunnu (ithum asathyamaanennu theliyikkum). emm. aval pookaan theerumaanichathil aaktan khedam prakadippikkunnu-pakshe avale avide nilanirthaan avan avalodu krithyamaaya nirddeshamonnum nalkunnilla. 
felix ammavaneyum ammavaneyum sandarshikkukayum gertrudinte kaii chodikkukayum cheiyunnu. ammavan aadyam njettippoyi, pakshe addehathinte mattoru makal charlot malsarathinu anukoolamaayi samsaarikkunnu, thudarnnu gertrude vannu felixine vivaham kazhikkumennu prakhyaapikkunnu, oduvil misttar. yuva dambathikale vivaham kazhikkaan aagrahikkunnuvennu brand parayunnu. amerikkayil felix thante santhosham kandethi-avanum gertrude vivaham kazhikkukayum thudarnnu europil thaamasikkukayum yaatra cheyyukayum cheyyum-aval kaanaan aagrahicha lokam aval kaanum. emr brand charlot pinneedu vivaham kazhikkum, ithu jertrudinu mii. brand. ennaal amerikkayil thante sambathu thedaanulla padhathikalil parajayappetta baaranas eugenia mansttar, thante sahodarante vivaahathin polum thamasikkaan visammathikkunnu. aval saadhanangal pothinju europilekku madangunnu.
pradhana vishayangal.
novalinte ettavum pradhanappetta vishayangalilonnu europian, american sthreekal thammilulla thaarathamyamaanu, ithu eugenia vilamathikkappedunna sthreekalum thammilulla valia vyathyaasathiloode jaims oonnipparayunnu. maadam mansttar swatantra aadunikayum avatharakayum aanu. gertrudinum charlottinum eee svayam udamasthaavakaasham illa. udaaharanathinu, avar avarude pithaavinte nirddeshangal paalikkunnu. misttar. shree. gowarth thammil oru vivaham krameekarikkaan shramikkunnu. aval ethirkkunna brand kadinathayum, avalude munganana vyakthamaayi prakadippikkaan avalkk prayaasamaan. felixumaayi pranayathilaanennu jertrude svayam kandethunnathuvare sahodarimaar avarude ozhivusamayathinte bhooribhaagavum kudumbathodoppam chelavazhikkunnu. lokathekkurichu oru puthiya veekshanam sweekarikkaanum kudumbatthinte oohangale cherukkaanum avalude sneham avale prothsaahippikkunnu. misttar ennathinekkurichulla pithaavinte theerumaanathinethire avar prathikarikkunnu. thaan snehikkaatha oru purushane orikkalum vivaham kazhikkillennu brand vishadeekarikkunnu. pakaram, gertrude felixine vivaham kazhichu america vidum.
europakkaarum nyoo englandukaarum thammilulla vyathyasam prathyekichum vikaarangaludeyum vikaarangaludeyum aavishkaarathil prakadamaakunnu, avaa aadyathethinu valare sensitiivu aannu panathekkaal pradhaanamaan sneham. koodaathe, american janatha kooduthal straitlaced aanu, avarkk paarambaryavumaayi adutha bandhamund. puthiya loka' thil jeevikkunnavarkk jeevithathile ettavum pradhanappetta kaaryam, virodhaabhaasamennu parayatte, pazhaya paarambaryangale maanikkukayum dhaarmika niyamangal sweekarikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu. roobert aakdaneppole eugeniayude vivaahaanubhavathil misttar gowarth valareyadhikam aashcharyappedukayum aakarshikkappedukayum cheiyunnu; amerikkakkaarude drishtiyil eugenia aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunna oru sthreeyaan.
saahitya praadhaanyavum vimarsanavum.
sarvvanjanaaya aakhyaathaavu valare mikachathum valarthiyeduthathumaaya bhasha upayogikkunnu, chilappol addeham laattin nighandu eshtappedunnu; maanasikavum shaareerikavumaaya veekshanakonil ninnu krameekaranatheyum kathaapaathrangaleyum kurichulla valare dairkhyameriyathum vishadamaayathumaaya vivaranagal avatharippikkan eshtappedunnu. aakhyaathaavinte sambhaavanakalkk purame, thante kathaapaathrangale parichayappedutthaanum, sambhavangalkk avarude prathikaranangal prakadippikkaanum sambhashanangal rachayithaavine sahayikkunnu. niroopakanaaya roobert gail jaimsinu "manoharamaayi" thonniya "prathyekamaayi nannayi vivaricha nyoo englandu" enna pusthakathinu bahumati nalki.
eph.aarr. swaadheenamulla engleesh saahitya niroopakanaaya levisinu eee hraswa kruthiyekkurichu uyarnna abhipraayamundaayirunnu, avakaashappedunnu
mattullavar, prathyekichu ezhuthukaarante sahodaran vilyam jaims, novalinte "nissaratha" yeei kuttappedutthi."1878 november november ezhuthiya kathil thaan vimarshanathodu oru paridhivare yojikkunnuvennu henry jaims marupadi nalkki
thante suhruthu elisabath bootinu ezhuthiya mattoru kathil, "atlaantik maasika" yude edittar vilyam deane howells, maasikayil 100 pejukal maathrame ulppeduthaavoo enna vasthuthayaan novalinte hraswataye jaims kuttappedutthi. dhii american" (1877) enna maasika parambarayil pranayikal verpirinjathinushesham thante adutha katha "vyathyasthamaaya vivaahathode" santhoshathode avasaanikkumenn jaims hovelsinu vaagdaanam nalkiyirunnu. jayimsinte abhipraayathil avasana khandikakalil addeham athu yaanthrikamaayi [adichu]. avasaanam kathayil njaan ottum thalarnnilla, pakshe athu "nooru atlaantik" pejukalil ezhuthaan njaan sammathichirunnu, athinte pettennulla avasaanam baahya sammarddathil ninnaan-aantharika paraajayatthil ninnalla."
jaims thante fiction (1907-09)-nte "newyork pathippil" ninnu novaline ozhivaakki. eee ozhivaakkalinte kaaranangalekkurichu oohaapohangal nadathunna mattullavarkoppam, vimarsakanaaya ooskaar cargill abhipraayappettath "samakalikamaaya aduppamulla vidhiyum nirbhagyavumaayirikkaam jayimsinte manassil nirnnayakamaaya oru ghadakam."
felixinte verukalillaatha bohemian uthbhavavum addehathinte "nithyamaaya ullasavum" addehathinte rahasya swavarggalaingikathayude soochanakalaanennum oru ezhuthukaaran abhipraayappettittund.
chalachithra parivartthanam.
1979ll marchant anakkombu productions nirmmicha "dhii europeans" enna chithratthil liie remick yoojeeniyayi abhinayikkukayum aarr award naamanirddeshangal nedukayum cheythu. oru paridhivare saahityaparamallaatha oru chalachithraroopeekaranamenna nilayil eee chithrathinu niravadhi mosham avalokanangal labhichu. niroopakanaaya kriss eliot chithratthinte "atharyamaaya parishkkaranangalum avyakthamaaya uddeshyangalum, bhaashayudeyum perumaattatthinteyum sankeernnathakalodulla oru munganana" paraamarshichu."rogger ebert samaanamaayi eee sinima" "jayimsinte oru klaas room pathippaanu, juiso jeevithamo illaatha oru sinima"."

