
europian beawolf

europian beawolf (philanthus triangulum), theneechakkollunna kuttichedi allengil theneecha bhakshikkunna philanthus (ippol kaalaharanapetta paryayanaamamaaya "philanthus apivorus" ennathil ninnu) ennum ariyappedunnu, ithu padinjaaran palearctic, aphrotropics ennividangalil vasikkunna oru otappetta kuttichediyaanu. eee inathile muthirnnavar sasyabhukkukalaanenkilum (thaine, koombola enniva bhakshikkunnu), paashchaathya theneechakale vettayaadunna beejasankalanamulla penkuttikalude perumaattatthil ninnaan eee inathinu eee peru labhichathu. penpakshi athinte pakshaaghaatham sambhavicha erakalil palathum oru muttaykkoppam oru cheria bhoogarbha arayil vaykkunnu, ithu kuttichedikalude larvakalkku bhakshanamaayi varthikkunnu. philanthus" janussile ellah amgangalum vividha inam theneechakale vettayaadunnu, pakshe "pii. paashchaathya theneechakalil vaidagdhyam nediya eaka trikonamaanu "trikona".
thirichariyal.
adivayattil boold manja, karupp adayaalangalulla eaka kuttichedikalude oru inamaanu europian beawolf, aanthumbikalkku neela niramulla annukalkkidayil trisula aakruthiyilulla adayaalangalundu, athesamayam valia penthumbikalkku annukalkku pinnil chuvanna varayum ilam mukhavumundu.
aavaasavyavastha.
thaazhnna pradeshangalile thurassaaya manal niranja pradeshangalilum theeradesha manalkkunnukalilum europian chennaaye pradhaanamaayum kaanapedunnu. kaliman pradeshangalil apoorvvamaayi maathrame iva kaanappedunnulloo, brittanil kalkari podiyilum chaaratthilum kuzhikkunna murikal rekhappeduthiyittundu, koodaathe kalkari khananathil ninnulla kollayadikkunna koombaarangalil iva kandethiyittundu.
upajaathikalum vitharanavum.
europian wheelfukalkku scandinavia muthal dakshinaafrikka vareyulla aphrotropical, padinjaaran palearctic mrgashaalayude bhoopradesangalil vipulamaaya vitharanamundu. venalkkaalath kooduthal choodulla kaalaavasthayullathinaal europil athinte vitharanam vadakkott neengukayaan.
nilavil anchu amgeekritha upajaathikalund
jeevashasthram.
athinte vitharanathinte kooduthal vadakkan bhaagangalil europian wheelf univoltainum juulai madhyathinum septambarinum idayilaanu parakkal kaalayalav. ithu sambhavikkunna choodulla pradeshathu prathivarsham onniladhikam thalamurakal undakam, udaaharanathinu madhya europil venalkkaalath rund santhathikal undakam.
penn europian chennaaykkal avarude kuzhikal manal mannilo thuranna sanni sthalangalil lambamaya mannil thurannirikkunnu, ivaykku oru meter vare neelavum moonnil kurayaatha 34 cheria side tonnelukalum avasaanam undakam, avayil oronninum oru breed sell undu. kuzhalkkinar maattippaarppicha vasthukkal koodundaakkunna samayat athinu pinnil pathikkunnu. 15,000 vare kuzhikalulla oru koottatthil avaa koodundaakkunnu. penmakkal thenpeesukale vettayaadunnu, avaa stinger upayogichu pakshaaghaatham neridunnu, penmakkal munkalukalkk pinnilulla articular membranukaliloode iraye kuthunnuvennu mathramalla penmakkal nischalamaaya theneechaye kuttichediyude kaalukalkkidayil parakkunna koottilekku kondupookukayum cheiyunnu. koodiletthumbol aval palappozhum dwaarathinu mukaliloode neengukayum pathukke kuzhiyilekku erangukayum cheiyunnu. oro santathi koshatthilum larvakalkkaayi onnu muthal anchu vare theneechakal nalkiyittundu. larva mathiyaya alavil bhakshanam nalkia sesham athu oru kokkoon karakkunnu, kokkoon athinte adithattil breed sellinte mathilil gadippichirikkunnu. thanuppulla pradeshangalil laarvakal amithamaayi vintar cheyyukayum muthirnnavar adutha venalkkaalath prathyakshappedukayum cheiyunnu. thenpidikal ozhikeyulla mattu inam theneechakal, brittanile andrena flavipes, lasioglosm sonulus, nomada ezz. pii ennivayulppede, athupole thanne europile kondinental "dasipoda", "halictus", "megachile" ennee janussile theneechakalum irayaayi report cheyyappettittund. oro penkuttikkum athinte parakkal kaalayalavil 100 theneechakal vare shekharikkaam.
santathi koshangalile eerppavum choodullathumaaya avasthakal nalla valarchaa saahacharyangal nalkunnu, chuttumulla mannil ninnu koshangale avasaraparamayi kolanivalkkarikkaan kazhiyunna niravadhi inam pooppal fangasukal, prathyekichu "aspergillus flaves", ithu larva sambharichirikkunna nischalamaaya theneechakaleyo baadikkukayum ithu saadhaaranayaayi laarvakale marikkaan kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. penthavalakal avarude santhathikale rogakaarikalil ninnu samrakshikkukayum breed sellile avarude santhathikalude marananirakk kuraykkunnathinulla thanthrangal vikasippikkukayum cheythu. oru sephalic grandhiyil ninnu pakshaaghaatham sambhavicha theneechakalil dhaaraalam aanti-condensation sravam prayogikkuka ennathaanu aadya thanthram, aaa theneechakalil jala saandrata kuraykkunnathinum athuvazhi fungus mulaykkunnathu vaikippikkunnathinum. randaamathe thanthrathil, sajeevamaayi valarunna fangasukale konnu nikshepikkappetta theneechakale anuvimukthamaakkunna amma santathi koshangal adachukazhinjaal chennaayayude muttayil ninnu thanne naitrik ooksaid kendreekrithamaayi purathuvidunnu. moonnaamathe thanthram penn kuttichedi athinte aantinayile prathyeka grandhikalil ninnu breed sellilekku oru velutha padaartham sravikkunnu ennathaanu, eee sravathil "streptomises" janussile symbiotic bacteria adangiyirikkunnu, avaa laarvakal kazhikkukayum larva pupettu cheiyunnathinu munbu bakteeriyakal kokkoonil prayogikkukayum cheiyunnu.
penn koodundaakkunna koottangalkku sameepam aann pakshikal sasyajalangalil pradeshangal sthaapikkunnu, eee pradeshangal penpakshikalkku thaalpparyamulla vibhavangalonnum kaivasham vaykkunnilla. eee pradeshangal ekadesham naalilonn chathurashra meter visthruthiyullathum purushanmaarude sephalic grandhikalil ninnulla oru ferromon kondu adayaalappeduthiyathumaanu. purushanmaar eee pradeshangale purushanmaarude nuzhanjukayattathil ninnu samrakshikkunnu, ennaal prathirodhatthil athiraalikal thammilulla shaareerika sanbarkkam ulppedunnilla. purushanmaarkk palappozhum parasparam aduthulla pradeshangal undayirikkaam, ithu lekkinte oru roopamaanu, ithu sthreekale purushanmaaril ninnu avarude inaye thiranjedukkaan anuvadikkunnu. oru tharatthilulla drishya pradarshanavum upayogichu purushanmaar sthreekale aakarshikkunnillenn thonnunnathinaal purushan ulppaadippikkunna pheromonukalude gunanilavaaratthe adisthaanamaakki laingikabandhathil earppedaan sthreekal purushanmaare thiranjedukkunnuvennu karuthappedunnu. oru pradesham aann ethra samayam ulkkollunnu ennathu aaa pradeshathinaduthulla penn koodukalude ennathe aasrayichirikkunnu.
muthirnna kuttichedikal thaine bhakshikkukayum bramble, zee-hollie, erika, thriftt, pelyan todflax linaria repense, saadhaarana ragwort, chana-agrimani, creeping thistil ennivayil ninnulla thaine bhakshikkunnathayi rekhappeduthiyittundu.
koodukal.
philanthus" athinte koodine kazhchayal thirichariyunnuvennu kaanikkunna shradhaapoorvvam roopakalppana cheytha pareekshanangalude oru parambara nico tinbergen nadatthi.
yukeyile avastha.
eee kuttichedi munbu brittanile valia acculite apoorvathakalilonnaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, vaitt, safolk dveepukalile manal aavaasavyavasthakalil maathram kolanikal undaayirunnu. ithu shreniyil oru vipuleekaranathinu vidheyamaayi, vadakku yorkshare (2002) vare kramanugathamaayi vardhichuvarunna saittukalil ippol praadeshikamaayi saadhaaranamaanu. eee inathinu aarr. dii. bii 2 padavi (durbalamaayathu) undu, ennaal, parishkarikkukayaanenkil, athinte vyaapthiyilum janasamkhyayilum vardhanavu kaaranam eee padavi neekkam cheyyaan saadhyathayund.