vienna porsaline

austriyayile viyannayile alsergrandile oru porsaline nirmmathaavaaya vienna porsaline faaktariyude (jarmman kaisarlich previlegier porsaline fabric) ulppannamaanu vienna porsaline. 1718ll sthaapithamaaya ithu 1864 vare thudarnnu.
maisen porsaline kazhinjaal europile randaamathe ettavum pazhakkamulla porsaline faaktariyaayirunnu eee sthaapanam, 25 varshatholam iva randum maathramaan europian ulppaadakar. thudakkathil ithu viennes saamraajyathva kottaaratthile udyogasthanaaya claude duu pacvier sthaapicha oru swakaarya samrambhamaayirunnu, ennaal 1744-ll chakravarthini maria tereza vaangiyappol saambathika budhimuttukalil ninnu ithu rakshikkappedukayum athinusesham chakravartthimaarude swathaayi thudarukayum cheythu. 
uthppaadanam kuravaayirunnathinaal kashanagal valare apoorvamaayathinaal 1744 nuu munbulla swakaarya kaalaghattatthile charakkukalaanu innu ettavum kooduthal aavashyappedunnathu. duu pacvier faaktariyil ninnulla duu pacvier porsaline ennaanu ivaye palappozhum vilikkunnathu. 1784 muthal 1805 vareyulla kaalayalavil vishalamaaya neoclassical shailikalilulla vaividhyamaarnna noothana vasthukkal nirmmikkappedukayum severse porsaline pradhana swaadheenamaavukayum cheythathaanu mattoru uyarnna pooyint, "orupakshe faaktariyude ettavum aakarshakamaaya kaalaghattam". chakravarthimaar nayatantra sammaanangalaayi saadhanangal upayogichirunnuvenkilum tarkkiyilekkulla kayattumathi ganyamaayirunnu.
charithram.
ippol viyannayude onpathaamathe jillayaya alsergrandile porsellangasseyilaayirunu ("porsaline paatha") factory. faaktariyude charithrathe palappozhum jarmman ezhuthukaar anchu kaalaghattangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. ellah srothassukalum upayogicha aadya kaalaghattam athinte sthaapakanum aadya directorumaaya duu paakviyarin keezhilaayirunnu, addehathinu 25 varshathekku kuthaka nalkappettu. athinaal ithu "duu pacvier kaalaghattam" ennariyappedunnu, pala srothassukalum "duu pacvier porsaline", "duu pacvier factory" ennivayekkurichu samsaarikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi "dii" enna valia aksharathodukoodiya, ennirunnaalum addehathinte yadhaartha perinu oru cheria "dii" undu. maisen pilkkala jarmman faaktarikalum praadeshika bharanaadhikaariyude udamasthathayilaayirunnappol, saadhaaranayaayi kanatha dhanasahayam labhichirunnuvenkilum, duu paakviyarin nirmmaanathinu anumathi maathrame labhichulloo, koodaathe chakravartthiyude pala oordarukalum, factory ellaayppozhum addehathinte kaalath mooladhanamillaathathaayi thonnunnu. eee sahacharyam 1718 muthal 1744 vare neenduninnu, kuthaka kaalaharanappedukayum saambathika budhimuttukal prathyakshatthil thalakeezhaayi varikayum cheythappol chakravarthini factory vaangi edapettu, athu pinneedu "imperial stettu manufactory vienna" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu.
randaamathe kaalayalav "plaastik kaalayalav" (1744-1784), moonnaamathethu "sorgenthal kaalayalav", allengil 1784-1805-nte "painterly kaalayalav" ("malerishe kaalayalav"), thudarnnu "bidermear kaalayalav" (1805-1833), oduvil "lettu bidermear kaalayalav" (1833-1864) ennivayaanu.
pathinettaam noottaandinte avasana paadatthode, prathivarsham 120,000 kashanagal automan saamraajyathilekku kayattumathi cheyyappettu; iva saadhaaranayaayi thilakkamulla niramullavayaayirunnu, pakshe europian vipanikale apekshichu nannayi varachavayalla. turkish kaappikkaayi upayogikkunna cheria kappukalude koottamaayirunnu avayil palathum.
1815-ll vienna kongrasil ninnu factoric oru uthejanam labhichu, eee kaalayalavil niravadhi rajaakkanmaarum mattu pramukha vyakthikalum ithu sandarshichu, ennirunnaalum yunaittad kingdatthile jorjju naalaaman rajaavu orikkalum viyannayilekku poyittilla, athinaal addehathinu nalkenda sevanam nashtappettu. mattoru vivaranam anusarichu, rajaavu oru alavil toke veenju ayaykkaan eshtappettu. automan saamrajyathilekkulla kayattumathi thudarnnenkilum, 1860 aayappozhekkum factory prathyekichu bohemian faaktarikalil ninnulla vardhicha malsaram anubhavichukondirikkum oduvil 1864 ll austriyan paarlament adaykkukayum achukalum mattu upakaranangalum viyannayile museum oof uplied artsinu nalkukayum cheythu. eee charakkukale chilappol "ooldu vienna" (allengil jarmman bhashayil "alt viyan") ennu vilikkunnu.
1923ll vienna porsaline factory agarttante adithara paakiyathode eee peru punarujjeevippikkappedu.
savisheshathakal.
saadhanangal haard pesttu cheytha porsaline aayirunnu, ellaayppozhum valare uyarnna nilavaaramullathaayirunnu. jarmman samsaarikkunna lokathile mikka faaktarikaleyum pole, maisen porsalainil ninnu pralobhippikkappetta pradhana thozhilaallikal nalkia vaidagdhyathodeyaanu ithu sthaapithamaayathu, avar maisen vasthukkaludeyum saankethikavidyakaludeyum rahasyangal konduvannu, koodaathe saadhanangal avide nirmmichavayumaayi vishaalamaayi saamyamullathayi thudarnnu, ennirunnaalum shareeram krithyamaayi onnalla, kramena mechappettu. thudakkathil kooduthalum meshakkappalukal nirmmikkappettirunnu, palappozhum saadhaarana sareerathinu alpam neela niramaayirunnu. europian pookkal (irakkumathikalil ninnu pakarthiya kizhakkan eshyan pookkalkku vipareethamaayi) 1730 muthal, meysenninu munbu alankaarathinaayi upayogikkukayum pinneedu europian faaktarikaliludaneelam valare vyaapakamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. meysenilennapole, vettayaadal, yuddha ramgangal pole chinoysery alankaaravum palappozhum upayogichirunnu. 
vienna porsalininte shakthiyaayi thudarenda shakthavum vaividhyapoornavumaaya nirangalude paarambaryam duu pacvier kaalaghattatthil aarambhichu. chila kashanangalil ooppan varkk valareyadhikam upayogichirunnu. jarmman bhashayil "laubu-und bandelwork" ennu vilikkunna valare saadhaaranamaaya oru shailiyil, trellikal, baand varkkukal, pamettukal, mattu valare aupachaarikamaaya sasya roopangal ennivayude sankeernamaaya peyint cheytha athirthikaloo pashchaathalangalo undu. nobukalum haandilukalum palappozhum mrugangalaayi roopappedunnu, chilappol manushyarum.
pradhana thalasthaanangalile mattu faaktarikaleppole, madridile maisen, kapodimonde, byuun rettiro ennivayulppede, vienna kottarangalkkaayi kurachu porsaline murikal nirmmichu, athinte eaka udaaharanam ippol viyannayile museum oof uplied artsil sthaapichittundu. ennirunnaalum, mattu udaaharanangalilennapole, janalukalo kannaadiyo allatha ellah mathilukalum ividuthe porsaline ulkkollunnilla, marichu furnitureukalil poruthappedunna falakangalulla mathilukalkk chuttumulla oru athirthiyaanu. nayatantra sammaanangalkkaayi porsaline upayogichirunnu; 40 ladhikam turineukal ulppedunna russiayile sareena anna ivaanovnaykkaayi 1735 ll nadatthiya sevanathinte bhooribhaagavum hermittej museum nilanirthunnu. mattu kashanagal chitharikkidakkunnu (aadyakaala soviyatt sarkkar niravadhi kashanagal vittu), koodaathe sevanathil ninnulla oru turin 2014 ll newyorkkile kristtiyil ninnu 365,000 dollar nedi.
1747 muthal 1784 vare jolie cheythirunna johann joseph needermayer, 1778 muthal 1807 vare aantan grassy ennivar pradhana modalukalil ulppedunnu. 1792ll niravadhi maasangal romil classical avashishtangal padikkaan ayakkapettu. mattu faaktarikalile laitt hart vibhaagathile vyakthikalude aakarshanam iruvarum nediyilla. maisen, mattu jarmman faaktarikal enniva pole, chila vienna kashanagal purathuninnulla chithrakaaranmaaro hosmellermaro alankarichirunnu.
1784-leeii saambathika prathisandhiyude samayat oru puthiya director konraad voonn sorgental chumathalayelkkukayum neoclassisathinte fashion pinthudarukayum sevarukalil ninnu kurachu swaadheenam cheluthukayum cheythukondu charakkukalude shaili maattukayum cheythu. thilangunna nirangal, svarnnathinte vipulamaaya upayogam, valare vishadamaaya painting enniva eee shailiyude savisheshathayaanu, koodaathe varum pathittaandukalilekkul saadhaarana vienna shaili sajjamaakkukayum cheiyunnu. vienna sweekaricha porsalinile mattoru neoclassical fashion bisket porsaline roopamaayirunnu. pala table veyarukalum, prathyekichu sozhsukalulla kappukal, ippol pradhaanamaayum upayogikkunathinupakaram porsaline kaabinattukalil pradarshippikkunnathinaayin nirmmichathaanu.
mattu maadyamangalil ariyappedunna chithrakaaranmaare sorgental niyamichu aantan kotgasar (1769-1851) oru glass chitrakaaranum faaktariyile oru chithrakaarante makanaaya moorits maikkal daffinger (1790-1849) 1809 vare avarkkayi jolie cheythu, chhaayaachithrangal miniyecharukalil shradha kendreekarikkunnathinnum.
kendreekarikkunnathinnum avasaanathode charakkukalude gunanilavaaram kurayukayum kuranja nilavaaramulla vasthukkalil ninnu vilakuranja saadhanangal uthppaadippichu factory punarujjeevippikkaanulla sramangal paraajayappedukayum cheythappol, kashanangalkk panam nalkunna dekkareshanukal, achadicha kaimaattatthinte chila upayogam enniva aarambhichu. ellaam vipareeta uthppaadanakshamathayullavayinu, uthppaadanam kurayunnathu thudarnnu, ennirunnaalum chila uyarnna nilavaaramulla kashanagal avasaanam vare nirmikkappettu.
chila achukalum alankarikkaatha "shoonyathakalum" ivide ulppede mattu faaktarikal vaangukayum vienna porsaline pakarthiya "replicakal", vyaja vyaajarekhakal ennivayude ganyamaaya alavil cherkkukayum cheythu. mattu yadhaartha vienna kashanagal kooduthal vipulamaaya reethiyil veendum peyint cheiyunnathinaayi avayude alankaaram pottiyirunnu.
adayaalangal.
1744ll saamraajyathva ettedukkunnathinu munbu adayaalangalonnum upayogichirunnilla, athinusesham neelayilo aakarshikkappettatho aaya "theneechakkoodukalude aakruthiyilulla paricha" upayogichu. 1783ll "83" ennathil aarambhich 1801ll "801" ennathil ninnu aarambikkunna sradheyamaaya theeyathi adayaalam avatharippichu. chithrakaaranmaareyum sareerathinu utharavaadikalaaya tainerukaleyum palappozhum avar nalkia nambarukal upayogichu thirichariyaan kazhiyum, avaa sariyaaya kashanangalkk panam nalkunnuvennu urappakkaan kashanangalude adibhaagathu chertthu.
pradarshanangal.
"saamraajyathva padavi duu paakviyarinte vienna porsaline, 1718-44" "2009-2010 leeii metropolittan museum oof artle nadannu. factory sthaapichathinte 300-aamm vaarshikam aaghoshikkunnathinaayi, museum oof uplied arts, viyannayil 2018 septambar vare" "vienna porsaline faaktariyude 300 varshangal" "enna pradarshanam undaayirunnu, viyannayile ellah ulppaadana kaalaghattangalum ulkkollunnu". florencile ufizi, 2018 november muthal 2019 march vare mattoru thavana pravarthichu, duu pacvier kaalaghattatthil maathram ulkkollukayum florence porsaline myoosiyathinteyum liketenstein shekharathinteyum shekharangalil ninnu varaykkukayum cheythu. newyorkkile frick shekharavum 2017-2018 ll oru samarppita instaaleshanumaayi vaarshikam aakhoshichu.
vienna porsalininte ettavum samboornna shekharangalilonnu croatiayile marton myoosiyathile aayirathiladikam kashanangalanu, ithu 1864 vareyulla duu pacvier kaalaghattatthile vikasanam kaanikkunnu, prathyekichu 1744 muthal 1780 vareyulla maria tereza kaalaghattatthil, myoosiyangalum collectormaarum palappozhum vilamathikkunnilla, 1784 num 1805 num edayilulla sorgental kaalaghattatthil. shekharathil ninnulla thiranjeduppukal severukalum liketenstein myusiyavum ulppedeyulla myoosiyangalil pradarshippichittundu, kaattalogukal prasidheekarichittundu.

