
eest lothian

skotlandile 32 kaunsil pradeshangalil onnaanu eest lothian (;;), athupole thanne charitraparamaaya oru kaundi, rajistreshan kaundi, lephtanancy eriya ennivayaanu. 1921 vare eee kaundi haddingtonshare ennaanu ariyappettirunnath.
1975ll, praadeshika sarkkar aavasyangalkkaayi charitraparamaaya eee kaundi kizhakkan lothian jillayayi lothian mekhalayil athinte athirthikalil cheria mattangal varuthi. thaddeshabharana sthaapanam muthalaayava. 1994 leeii (scotland) niyamam pinneedu 32 aadhunika kaunsil pradeshangalil onnaayi eest lothian srishtichu. skotlandile kizhakkan madhya thaazhnna pradeshangalil kizhakk lothian sthithicheyyunnu. padinjaaru eddinberg, thekk-padinjaaru midlothian, thekk scotish athirthikal ennivayaanu athirthikal. athinte bharana kendravum muun kaundi pattanavum haddington ettavum valia pattanamaya muselberghumaanu.
purathana uthbhavamulla haddingtonsharinu 1139 leeii charteril "hadindunshira" ennum 1141 leeii mattoru charteril "hadindunshire" ennum peru nalkiyittundu. kaundiyile moonnu pattanangale rajakeeya bargukalaayi namakaranam cheythu haddington, danbaar, north berwick.
bakkiyulla lothian raajyangalilennapole, ithu bernisiayile anglo-saaksan raajyathinteyum pinneedu northambriya raajyathinteyum bhaagamaayirunnu. 823ll kizhakkan lothian gramamaaya ethalstaanfordile piktukalum konukalum thammilulla yudhathilaanu skotlandinte pathaaka roopeekarichathennu janapriya aitihyam soochippikkunnu. patthaam noottaand muthal lothian englandile saamraajyathil ninnu skotlandile rajaakkanmaarude adhikaarathilekku maari. englandum scotland thammilulla yudhangalile oru cross pooyintaayirunnu ithu, pinneedu preestanpaan yudhathil sarkkar senaykkethire jacobite vijayathinte sthalamaayirunnu ithu. pathonpathaam noottaandil, skotlandile gasatteeril pradhaanamaayum kaarshika mekhalayaayi kaundi paraamarshikkappedunnu, krishi, malsyabandhanam, kalkari khananam enniva praadeshika sambadvyavasthayude pradhana bhagangalaanu.
charithram.
aadyakaala charithram.
brittanile roman adhinivesham avasaanichathinethudarnnu, lothian brithonic samsaarikkunna purathana britishukaar adivasikkukayum corthen ogled allengil pazhaya vadakku gododin raajyathinte bhagamaavukayum cheythu. ezhaam noottaandil, lothian bernesia raajyathinte bhaagamaayi maarunnathiloode gododinte pradesham muzhuvan konukalilekku veenu.
bernisia aadyakaala englandinte bhagamaaya northambriya rajyavumaayi ikyappettu. patthaam noottaandil lothian scotish raajavaazhchayude niyanthranatthilaayi.
huddington allengil huddingtonshireile shayarinekkurichulla aadyakaala paramarsham panthrandaam noottaandil david rajaavu purappeduvicha rund chaarttarukalil sambhavichu. lothiyante kizhakkan bhagam shire ulkkollunnu.
madhyakaalakhattavum aadyakaala aadhunika kaalaghattavum.
niravadhi madhyakala, aadyakaala aadhunika samghattanangalil haddingtonshare valareyadhikam ulppettirunnu, koodaathe danbaar kotta, taantalon kotta, dirlettan kottaram thudangiya niravadhi kottakalum kettidangalum eee kaalaghattatthil nirmikkappettu.
12, 13 noottaandukalil, skotlandile rajaakkanmaarude aasthaanangalilonnaanu huddington kottaram. skotlandile simhamaaya vilyam rajaavu idaykkide eee kottaram upayogichirunnu, 1198-ll alexander randaamante janmasthalamaayirunnu ithu. 1216-ll englandile joonn raajaavinte neethrthwathil oru engleesh sainyam kottaravum pattanavum kathikkukayum kollayadikkukayum cheythu. 1296-leeii danbaar yuddham englandile edward onnaamante sainyathin edwardinte saamanthanaaya scotish rajaavaaya joonn baaliyolinte sainyathinethire nirnnayaka vijayamayirunnu.
edinburghine pirichuvittathinushesham 1544 meyy maasathil engleeshukaar niravadhi veedukalum graamangalum kathikkukayum pinky yudhathile scotish parajayam, 1548 ll danbaar kotta kathikkukayum, huddington uparodham enniva nadathukayum cheytha ruff vooyinginte yudhasamayathu haddingtonshire samghattanathinte sthalamaayirunnu. oormisttanile joonn kokkben, branstaanile alexander kriktan, reejant ennivar avarude veedukal takarkkaan krameekarikkuka ennivayulppede engleesh lakshyathe haddingtonshire layerds pinthunachu.
moonnu raajyangalude yudhasamayathu, 1650-ll scotish udambadi sena olivar cromvellinte keezhilulla paarlamentari sena thammil mattoru danbaar yuddham nadannu. paarlamentari seena vijayikkukayum eddinberg pidichedukkaan munneraan kazhiyukayum cheythu.
raajavaazhchayude punasthaapanam, mahathaaya viplavam, union pravartthanangal ennivayethudarnnu, jacobite sakthikal sarkkar shakthikalumayi vairudhyathilaayi, 1715 leeii uyarchayudeyum 1745 leeii uyarchayudeyum bhaagamaayi pradhana samgharsham nadannu. 1745 septambaril kaundiyude padinjaaru preestanpaans yudhathil sarr joonn taappelinte neethrthwathil britiish sainyam chaals edward stuvarttinte keezhil jacobiteukalumaayi ettumutti, 1746 eprilil kulodan yudhathil paraajayappedunnathinu munbu jacobite paksham kaaryamaaya vijayam nedi.
aadhunika charithram.
1890-ll local gavanment (scotland) act 1889 prakaram haddingtonshare kaundi kaunsil roopeekarikkappettu, ithu skotlandiludaneelam thiranjedukkappetta kaundi kaunsilukal sthaapichu, 1667 muthal shayarile pradhana bharanasamithiyaayirunna vitharana kammeeshanarmaarude mikka pravartthanangalum etteduthu. kaundi kaunsil 1833-ll nirmmichathum kaundiyude sherief kodathiyaayum pravarthichirunnathumaaya haddington kodathi streettile kaundi kettidangalil adhishtithamaayirunnu.
1921 eprilil kaundiyude peru haddingtonshareil ninnu "eest lothian" ennu maattaan abhyarthikkaan kaundi kaunsil vottu cheythu. 1921 november 8 nuu rajakeeya anumathi labhicha eest lothian kaundi kettidangalude oordar sthireekarana niyamam 1921 nte bhaagamaayi sarkkar sammathikkukayum maattam praabalyatthil varuthukayum cheythu. eee niyamam kaundi kettidangalude udamasthaavakaasham kaundi kaunsilinu kaimari.
1975ll local gavanment (scotland) act 1973 prakaram skotlaandinte kaundi kaunsilukal pirichuvidukayum praadeshika, jilla kaunsilukalude oru puthiya samvidaanam srishtikkukayum cheythu. vishalamaaya lothian mekhalaykkullil kizhakkan lothian jilla roopeekarikkappettu. eest lothian enna charitraparamaaya kaundiyum musselberginte burg midlothian kaundiyil ninnulla inversk edavakayum (valiford, vaitt kraig enniva ulppede) ulppedunnathaanu jilla.
1996-ll kooduthal parishkaarangal skotlandine 32 ekeekritha praadeshika adhikaarikalude samvidaanathilekku maattiyappol, kizhakkan lothiyante aadhunika kaunsil eriya srishtikkappettu.
bhoomishaasthram.
kizhakkan lothian pradhaanamaayum graameenamaan. musselberg, preestanpaans, kokkensi, portt settan, gullain, north berwick, danbaar ennee pattanangal munnirayude theerathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu. theerathu niravadhi thalapradeshangalum ulkkadalukalum undu, prathyekichu gosford ulkkadal, aberlady ulkkadal, gullain pooyint, sandy harst, tyne mouthu, belhaven bay, baans ness, chaappal pooyint, tornus pooyint. vadakkan berwickinu vadakkulla theerathu niravadhi cheria dveepukalundu, avayil ettavum valuth fidra, lamb, criglaith, baas roock ennivayaanu.
trans, haddington ennee rund pattanangal maathramaan karayal chuttappettirikkunnath. thekk berwicksharinte athirthiyilulla lamermuir kunnukal undu; kaundiyile ettavum uyaram koodiya sthalamaaya loow ivide kandethaamenn maikkil parayunnu. tyne nadhi haddingtoniloodeyum eest lothiyante niravadhi graamangaliloodeyum ozhuki belhawan sameepam athunnu. inversk, musselberg ennividangaliloode ozhukunna esk nadhi pattanatthinte vadakku bhagathaayi ozhukunnu. presmennaan thadaakam, vaitadaadar reservoir, hoops reservoir, stobshiyal reservoir, lammerloch reservoir ennivayaanu pradhana jalashayangal.
gathagatham.
rooad.
eiii1 rooad kizhakkan lothian vazhi sanjarikkunnu, avide athu scotish athirthikalodu thekote eddinberg vadakkottum cherunnu. eest lothiyaaniludaneelamulla eiii1 eratta carriagewayanu, danbaar, haddington, trans, preestanpaans, musselberg ennivayaanu pradhana jangshanukal.
leithil ninnu aarambhich, eiii199 rooad musselbergil ninnu aarambhich valiford, traantt, mcmerry, haddington ennivayiloode kadannupokukayum padinjaaran kalappurakalile eiii1-ll cherukayum cheiyunnu.
eiii198, eiii1087, eiii6093, eiii6137 ennivayaanu kizhakkan lothiyaanile chila primery ithara roottukal.
pothugathagatham.
eest lothiyanil ezhu railway steshanukal undu eest koost maine lainil danbaar, musselberg; north berwick lainil north berwick, drem, longnidry, preestanpaans, valiford. eee pradeshathe steshanukaliloode sanjarikkukayum nirthukayum cheiyunna reyil sevana oopparettarmaaril iva ulppedunnu rund lainukalilum scottreyil; kizhakkan theerathe pradhana pathayil crosscontry, lunden north eestten railway.
eest lothiyaanile buzz oopparettarmaar lothian basukalum athinte anubandha eest koost basukalum, danbaarinte eevu kochukal, huddingtoninte prentis, boarder basukal ennivayaanu. eest lothiyaanile pattanangaleyum gramangaleyum edinbergumaayi bandhippikkunna pradhana buzz sevana daathaavaanu eest koost basukal. north berwickilum musselbergilum kambanikku depokalundu.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
2019 leeii kanakkanusarichu kizhakkan lothian janasamkhya 105,790 aanu. 2011 muthal ithu 6,000-thiladhikam vardhanavaanu, 2030-oode ithu 120,000-ll athumennu prathekshikkunnu. kizhakkan lothiyanil athivegam valarunna jilla traant, valiford, mcmerry wardaanu, 2026 oode 20,000thiladhikam janasamkhya 30,000 ll thazheyaayi uyarumennu prathekshikkunnu.
vamseeyatha.
2011 leeii scotish sensus prakaram kizhakkan lothiyayile pradhana vamseeya vibhaagangalude janasamkhya iprakaaramaanu
raashtreeyam.
2014leeii scotish swaathanthrya hitaparisodhanayil, kizhakkan lothian kaunsil pradeshathe bhooribhaagam votermaarum skotlandine yunaittad kingdatthinte bhaagamaayi thudaraan thiranjedutthu-61.72% unionu vendi vottu cheyyukayum 38.28% swaathanthryathinu vottu cheyyukayum cheythu.
yunaittad kingdatthile paarlament.
oru paarlament amgathe thiranjedukkunna house oof komansile oru niyojakamandalamaanu eest lothian. skotlandile praadeshika adhikara mekhalayude athirthikalumaayi poruthappedunna 4 yuke paarlamentari niyojakamandalangalil onnaanith. inverclide, moreh, naa echu-ilyanan aan ir ennivayaanu mattu udaaharanagal, kaunsil eriyayude athirthikal poornnamaayum ulkkollunna churukkam chila yuke paarlamentari niyojakamandalangalil onnaanu eest lothian.
2019 leeii pothutheranjeduppil snpyilekku thiranjedukkappettathum mandalathe prathinidheekaricha alba party kenni mcaskilaanu eest lothiyante nilavile empy.
muun yuke pradhaanamantri arther balfour 1848 juulai 25 nuu innathe eest lothian niyojakamandalatthile whittingheim housilaanu janichathu.
scotish paarlament.
midu lothian vadakku bhaagathulla musselberg, musselberg, lothians mekhala enniva ozhike kizhakkan lothian scotish paarlament mandalathilum thekkan scotland mekhalayilumaanu kizhakkan lothiyante bhooribhaagavum sthithicheyyunnathu.
praadeshika sarkkar.
eest lothian kaunsil sthithicheyyunnathu charitraparamaaya kaundi pattanamaya huddingtonilaanu, huddington taunn housilum aduthulla joonn muir housilullah offeesukalilum kaunsil yogam cherunnu. 22 kaunsilarmaare thiranjedukkunna aarr vaardukalaanu unitory local authorityil ullathu.
vaasasthalangal.
janasamkhyayude adisthaanathil ettavum valia vaasasthalangal
sivil parishukal.
1894-ll joonn martin "haddington kaundiyile patthu edavakakalude oormmakalum ariyippukalum" prasidheekarichu.
vidyaabhyaasam.
danbaar grammer school, haddingtonile nox akkadami (munbu grammer school), musselberg grammer school, north berwick haiskool, preestanpaansile preesttan lodge haiskool, traantilulla rooss haiskool enningane aarr stettu secondary schoolukal ulppede kaundiyil niravadhi skoolukalundu.
jillayil rund swatantra skoolukalundu. 1827ll sthaapithamaaya musselbergile oru dhina boarding skoolaanu loretto school, 1923ll sthaapithamaaya belhaven hill school danbaarile oru cheria preparettari skoolaanu.
ll 2007, kween maargarat yooniversitti oru puthiya athinte neekkam aarambhichu, eest lothian ullil musselberg uddeshichulla nirmmicha campus, athinte aadya sarvakalashaala nalki.
samskaaravum samoohavum.
chinnangal.
2017 novemberil, eest lothiyante audyogika pathaaka rajisttar cheiyunnathinaayi eest lothiyaanil oru kaundi flag malsaram aarambhichu. eee malsarathil pankedukkaan aagrahikkunna arcum praveshikkaan anuvaadamundaayirunnathil 623 entrikal malsarathilekku vannu. praveshana samarppana samayam 2018 februvari 28-nuu avasaanichu. naalu anthima pathaaka designukal kizhakkan lothian nivaasikalkk vottil sthaapikkum. 2018 desemberil 23 varshamaayi kaunsilil jolie cheythirunna musselbergil ninnulla praadeshika vyakthiyum jiffordil thaamasikkunnavarumaya aarchi martin aanu vijayakaramaya design prakhyaapichathu. martin 2018 joolaiyil antharichu. skotlandinte pathaakayude janmasthalamaayi kizhakkan lothiane prathinidheekarikkunna oru saltaire pathaakayil undu. oru swarnna kurish kizhakkan lothiyante krishiyidangalude sambathineyum skotlandinte dhaanyashaalayenna prashasthiyeyum soochippikkunnu, madhyathil oru simham eskineyum tyne nadhia prathinidheekarikkunna neela varakalodoppam haddington simhathe prathinidheekarikkunnu.
praadeshika maadyamangal.
eest lothian corrier enna praadeshika prathivaara pathramaan eest lothian nalkunnathu.
eest lothian corrier" (palappozhum praadeshikamaayi "corrier") 1859-ll haddingtonshare koriyaraayi aarambhichu, 1971-ll athinte peru maattunnathinumumbu. 2004-ll dunfermline pras group vaangunnathuvare ithu haddington aasthaanamaayulla dii & jeey krolinte udamasthathayilaayirunnu. ippol ithu nyooskvesttinte udamasthathayilaanu.
1971ll scotish kaundi pras grouppinte bhaagamaayi "eest lothian nyoos" aadyamaayi prasidheekarichu, daalkeethil edittoriyal offeesukalum bonirigil (randum midu lothiyanil) printing undaayirunnu. scotish kaundi pras groupine 2000-ll praadeshika swatantra maadyamangal ettedukkukayum athu 2002-ll jonsttan pras vaangukayum cheythu. 2015-ll "eest lothian nyoos" adachu.
eph. emm., oonlain ennivayil prakshepanam cheiyunna rund praadeshika community radio steshanukal eest lothiyaanilundu. huddington aasthaanamaayulla eest koost efm 2009 muthal prakshepanam cheiyunnu. munbu eest lothian efm ayirunna radio saltaire ippol traantt adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
sradheyamaaya aalukal (marana theeyathi prakaram).
niravadhi kaayika thaarangalkk eest lothiyaanumaayi bandhamunda
jillayude swaathanthryam.
thaazhepparayunna janangalkkum sainika unitukalkkum eest lothian kaundiyude swaathanthryam labhichu.

