khoteevu hilfort

ukrainile khoteevu graamatthil irumbukaalathe (bii. sii. 6 noottaand) oru kunnin kottayaan khoteevu hilfort.
fiophania paarkk enna keevinte thekkan bhaagathodu chernnaanu eee kunnin kotta sthithicheyyunnathu. aruvikalude thaazhvarakalaal athirthi pankidunna 1000x700 meter veethiyulla oru rombic peedabhoomi ithu ulkkollunnu. peedabhoomi pradesham muzhuvan, 31 hector, bhouma kothalathaal chuttappettirikkumbol, kunninte charivu oru berm thaazhe oru kuzhiyum ulla oru scarp kondu shakthippeduthiyirunnu. padinjaaran, kizhakkan attangalil praakaaram, scarp, berm enniva nannayi samrakshikkappettittund, koodaathe kuzhiyude avashishtangal ippol valare kuravaanu. kunnin kottaykku moonnu praveshana kavaadangalundennu karuthappedunnu praakaaratthinte vadakku, kizhakk, thekk bhaagangalil.
1965 muthal oru puraavastu smaarakathinte padavi khoteevu hilfortinu undu. 2007 ll smaarakathinte audyogika athirthikal vettikkuraykkukayum 2009 ll ozhivakkiya pradeshangal veedu nirmmikkunna sthalamaayi maarukayum cheythu. kunnin kottayude vadakkan bhagam ukrainile shathakodeeshwaranaaya yoori kosiyukkinte oru kottaram nirmmichu thakarthu. pinneedu, kunnin kottayude thekk, kizhakk bhaagangalil nirmmaana pravartthanangal aarambhichu, avaa nirmmikkanum padhathiyundu.
paryavekshanam.
1848ll keevu govarnor sradheyanaaya charitrakaaranumaaya doow. avide nilaninnirunna chila pattanangalekkurichulla oru praadeshika aithihyathe addeham paraamarsikkunnu. 1864ll praadeshika charithratthile mattoru vidyaarthi eee kunnin kottaye hrasvamaayi vivarichu. addeham eee aitihyam kooduthal vishadaamshangalil report cheiyunnu purathana kaalath syriac enna raajakumaarante kottayulla oru pattanam undaayirunnu. kunnin kottaykku chuttumulla pradeshathinu ippozhum siriyakov ennu perittirikkunnu, eee perinte aadya recording 1465 muthalullathaanu.
1873-ll volodymyr antonovichu kunnin kottayekkurichu kooduthal vishadamaaya vivaranavum varayum nalki. charithratthil ninnu ariyappedunna keevan roosinte kotta ennaanu addeham athine vyaakhyaanichath. ennaal irupathaam noottaandile puraavastu daatta eee ashayathe nishedhichu.
1917ll oru botanical ullaasayaathraykkide bii. sii. 5 noottaandile oru venkala korinthyan nanayam kunnin kottayil ninnu kandethi. 1918-ll, eiii. dii. 1 noottaandukal pazhakkamulla chila slavik vasthukkalum sithiyan manpaathrangalude shakalangalum avide ninnu kandethi.
1948ll kivil ninnulla samghamaanu kunnin kottayude aadya puraavastu paryavekshanam nadathiyathu. eph. pokrovska. kunnin kottayude vadakkan projectionil avar 156 chathurashra meter khananam cheythu. adutha paryaveshanam, ningal nayikkunnathaanu. oo. athe instittyoottil ninnulla pokrovska, <aii. dii. 1> ll jolie cheyyukayum sameepat 508 chathurashra meter kandethukayum cheythu.
2004ll kunnin kottayude vadakkan, padinjaaran bhagangal (6.75 hector) sookshumakaanthika alavukalode paryavekshanam cheythu. niravadhi purathana kettidangalude sthaanam ithu velippeduthi, avayil chilath kandethi. 2009ll chila adhika alavukal nadatthi.
2016ll kunnin kottayude padinjaaru bhaagath kothalatthil puthiya khananagal nadatthi.
kandethunnu.
sithiyan kaalathe mattu kunnin kottakaleppole, khoteevu kunnin kottaykkum praakaaratthinte akathalathinu sameepam maathrame kettidangalundaayirunnu. madhyabhagam shoonyamaayirunnu, athu krishikko kannukaalikale valarthunnathino upayogikkaam, orupakshe yudhasamayathu. kandethiya gadanakalil kalimannu kondu moodappetta maram kondu nirmmicha mathilukalulla dugg aouttukalum uparithala kettidangalum ulppedunnu. atharam niravadhi kettidangalude takarnna mathilukal khananam cheythu, avayil chilathinu 20 meteriladhikam neelamundu. chila kettidangalil aduppukal undaayirunnu. theeyude adayaalamulla kallukal kondu nirmmicha oru oval <aii. dii. 1> meter veethiyullathaanu mattoru sradheyamaaya vasthu.
kunnin kottayil ninnulla manpathrangalil praadeshikavum greak manpaathrangalum ulppedunnu. randaamathethu chios, lesbose, clasomenai, samos ennivayil ninnaan uthbhavichathenn thiricharinju. kunnin kottayil ninnulla mattu seramic kandethalukalil vividha roopathilulla spindle vools, oru sinker, cheria panthukal, "appangal" enniva ulppedunnu.
oru takarnna kallu vibhavavum oru kallu kodali allengil chuttikayude oru shakalavum, sling kallukal, dwaaram upayogichu moorcha koottunna kallu, anjjaatha upakaranathinte asthi kaippidiyil, eeyam, manja glass enniva upayogichu nirmmicha muthukal, mattu vasthukkalum kandethi.
paambu poleyulla mothiram, aani poleyullava ulppedeyulla pinnukal, vividha roopathilulla ambadayaalangal enniva venkalathil ninnu kandethiyittundu. irumbu vasthukkalil kathikal, ools, pinn, chila ambadayaalangal enniva ulppedunnu.
mattoru sradheyamaaya kandethal sithiyan mruga shailiyil oru pullipuliyudeyo pullipuliyudeyo kothupanikalulla asthi falakamaanu. plettinte valippam 4.7x1.8 centimeteraanu. athu oru valia kaaryatthinte bhagamaakaam, udha.jii. oru spoon allengil oru mirror handle. bandhapetta seramics ambadayaalangalum ithu bii. sii. aaram noottaandinte avasaanathilaanennu soochippikkunnu. lohavasthukkalil kooduthal kaanappedunnundengilum, atharam kothupanikal sithiyan asthi vasthukkalil apoorvamaanu.
dhaaraalam mrugangalude asthikal soochippikkunnathu kunnin kottayile nivaasikal valarthumrigangale, pradhaanamaayum kuthirakale valarthiyeduthu ennaanu. pannikal, pashukkal, aadukal, aadukal, naaykkal ennivayum pidichedutthu. kuthirakalude aadhipathyam, kannukaalikaludeyo pannikaludeyo aadipathyamulla, vanathile mattu kunnin kottakalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. avidatthe nivaasikal kaattupannikal, maan, elkkukal, karadikal, beaverukal, chilappol oorookkukal, muyalukal ennivaye vettayaadi. amakal, kurukkanmaar, vaathakal, thaaraavukal, kakkakal, manushyar ennivayude edaykkideyulla asthikal kandethi.
kunnin kottayil ninnulla kandethalukal ekadesham 6 muthal mattu gaveshakarude abhipraayathil bii. sii. 6 muthal 5 noottaandukal vareyullathaanu. herodotus sthaapicha sittiyans-tillers ennu vilikkunna aalukalaayirikkam ithu sthaapichathennu karuthappedunnu. avar karsanamaaya ardhathil sandhiyanmaaraayirunnil, pakshe avar sandhiyan aadhipathyathin keezhil thudarukayum avarude samskaaram bhaagikamaayi sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
hilfortinte sthaapakar kudiyettakkaarallaathuvarathu. avar krishiyum mrugangalude prajananavum, prathyekichu kuthirakalude prajananavum abhyasichu. vettayaadal oru valia punk vahichu. purathana greak kolanikalumaayulla vyapaaram vanathile mattu kunnin kottakale apekshichu kuravaayirunnu. valia doorathilaanu ithu vishadeekarikkunnathu.
sithiyanmaarkk sheshamulla charithram.
keevile avasaanathe grand prins yoori borisovic rajakumaran nalkia 1465 muthal kunnin kottayude charithram kandethaan likhitha srothassukal anuvadikkunnu. addehathinushesham, kunnin kotta thudarchayaayi mattu niravadhi aalukaludethaayirunnu. 1588-ll, maatvi voronetsky rajakumaran ithu kaivu pechezhsku lavrayude kaivashathinu kaimari, avide athu ekadesham 200 varshatholam nilaninnu. 1786-ll catherine dhii grettinte mathetharavalkkarana parishkarana velayil, kunnin kotta khoteevu nivaasikalude upayogathinu kaimari. eee samayam muthal, athu vayalukalum poonthottangalum kondu moodappettirunnu.
200 varshathilere neenduninna eee kunnin kottayile kaarshika pravartthanangal kottakale nasippichilla, marichu puraavastu chakravaalatthe nashippichu. 1939ll kunnin kottayude thekkupadinjaaran attathu valia mannidichilum mannidichilum avasaanathil aduthulla vitta aruviyil anakkettum nirmmikkukayum cheythu. mannolipp moolam ithinakam kedupaadukal sambhavicha kunnin kottayude thekke attathu kooduthal kooduthal grama veedukal niranjirunnu.
samrakshanavum kettidanirmmaanavum.
1965 muthal khoteevu hilfortinu oru puraavastu smaarakathinte padavi undu, ithu ukrainile ssrinte manthrisabhayude prameyathiloode nalkappedunnu. 1979ll keevu sitti kaunsil ithine keevile puraavastu samrakshana kendrangalilonnaayi prakhyaapichu. 2001ll ukraine sarkkar eee kunnin kottaye ukrainile sthaavara smaarakangalude samsthaana rajistriyil deseeya praadhaanyamulla oru puraavastu smaarakamaayi ulppeduthi. 2009ll oru puthiya sarkkar prameyathiloode eee padavi sthireekarichu.
puraavastu reservinte athirthikal "skithiyan kaalaghattatthile kottakalude athirthikalile khothivu hilfort" 1979 ll kiv sitti kaunsil vyakthamaakkukayum 2002 ll kiv sitti stettu administration sthireekarikkukayum cheythu. eee athirthikal peedabhoomiye kottayaakkukayum motham 48 hector visthruthiyulla aduthulla charivukalode ulkkollukayum cheythu.
2007ll ukraine saamskaarika manthraalayathinte archaeological smaarakathinaayi rekhakal thayyarakki, avide peedabhoomiyude madhya, padinjaaran bhaagangalil athinte vistheernnam <aii. dii. 1> hector parimithappedutthiyirunnu. ellah kottakalum smaaraka pradeshathu ninnu ozhivaakkiyirunnu. ekadesham ithe athirthikal khotheevinte vikasana padhathiyil prasthaavichittundu.
2008ll smaarakathil ninnu ozhivakkiya bhoomiyude oru bhagam 5 kettida sahakarana samghangalude kaivashathinu soujanyamaayi kaimari. kunnin kottayude vadakkukizhakkan bhaagavum (scarpulla ellah kizhakkan kothalangalum ulppede) motham 13 hector visthruthiyulla aduthulla charivum avarkk labhichu. niravadhi varshathe vibhajanathin punarvilppanaykkum sesham, bhoomi victor polishchuk, lilia riswa, yoori kosiyukk ennivarude udamasthathayilekku maari. muun rund udamakalude kaivashamulla kunnin kottayude chila bhagangal ippozhum kedukoodaathe nilanilkkumbol kosiyukkinte bhoomi sajeevamaaya oru nirmmaana pravrithikalude sthalamaayi maari.
hilfortile kettidam 2009 ll aarambhichu. thudakkathil athinte upabhokthaavinekkurich ariyillaayirunnu, kettida saittile oru information board fiophania paarkkilekkulla puthiya praveshana kavaadam nirmmikkumenn prakhyaapichu. kramena, terresukalaal chuttapetta oru adambara kottaram avide prathyakshappettu. 2016 leeii kanakkanusarichu, kunnin kottayude vadakkan bhagam (purathana kettidangalude avashishtangalil ettavum sambannavum ettavum uyaramulla kothalathaal chuttappettathum), athinte kotta sameepa pradeshangalude bhooprakrithiyum thakarkkapettu. yoori kosiyukkinte abhipraayathil, "nirmmicha kettidam oru kuzhiyilaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, athinu kunnin kottayumaayi yaathoru bandhavumilla".
kunnin kottayude mattu bhagangalilum mattangal sambhavichu. 2015 leeii kanakkanusarichu, peedabhoomiyude kizhakkan bhagam muzhuvan ukrainile pothu cadestre bhoopadatthil nirmmikkaan uddeshichulla oru bhoomiyaayi adayaalappeduthiyirunnu. padinjaaran, thekkukizhakkan bhaagangalil niravadhi puthiya svakaaryavalkkarikkappedum paattatthinu nalkappettathumaya bhoovudamakal prathyakshappettu.
<aii. dii. 1> ll, peedabhoomiyude thekk bhaagathudaneelam vyaapichukidakkunna oru rooad. khotheevinte vikasana padhathiyil, eee roadinte thekk bhaagavum (parcova street ennu perittirikkunnu) nirmmikkaan uddeshichullathaanu. thekk bhaagathe niravadhi valia mannolipp mekhalakalum kunnin kottayude kizhakke attathulla oru cheria malayidukkum mannil kuzhichumoodappettu. eee malayidukku, ningalude abhipraayathil. eph. kunnin kottayude aadyathe puraavastu paryaveshanatthinte thalavanaaya pokrovska oru purathana praveshana kavaadamaayirikkam.
2013ll ukraine saamskaarika manthraalayathinte athe varsham mantraalayam amgeekaricha khothivu hilfortinte puthiya documentation nirmmichu. eee rekha oru puraavastu reserve (2007 leeii schemil puraavastu smaarakathinte athe pradeshamulla), oru puraavastu smaarakam (muzhuvan peedabhoomiyum ulppede ekadesham eratti valuth), athinte samrakshana mekhala (100-500 meter veethi) ennivayekkurichu vivarikkunnu. kottaram oru "asambandhamaaya kettidam" aayi adayaalappeduthi.
2016ll, ekadesham 20 hector samrakshitha pradesham ulkkollunna kunnin kottayude oru documentation koodi thayyarakki. thayyarakki padhathi prakaram 16.5 hector visthruthiyum peedabhoomiyude padinjaaran athirthiyum praakaaravum scarp ithil ulppedunnu. koodaathe, kuzhichitta mannolipp mekhalayude oru bhaagavum ulppeduthiyittundu. athe varsham thanne puthiya athirthikalkku khoteevu villej kaunsil amgeekaaram nalkukayum chuvanna konkreett thoonukalaal adayaalappeduthukayum cheythu. smaaraka falakangalulla moonnu kallukalum oru vivara board kunnin kottayil sthaapichu. boardil prasthaavichittulla puraavastu smaarakathinte vistheernnam 18.3 hector athinte samrakshana mekhalayude vistheernnam (athinte padinjaaran attathulla oru strip) 1.40 hectorumaanu. kunnin kottayude vadakkan, thekkan, kizhakkan bhagangal ellaam ithil ulppedunnilla (randaamathethu ippozhum nannayi samrakshikkappetta kothalavum scarp undu). kunnin kottayude backie bhagam myoosiyavalkkaranathinaayi aasoothranam cheythittundu.

