
turbine

oru draavakathinte ozhukkiloode oorjjam verthirichu upayogapradamaaya pravarthanamaakki mattunna oru rottari mechanical upakaranamaan turbine (allengil) (greak, "tyrebay", allengil laattin "turbo", athaayath chuzhalikkaatt). uthppaadippikkunna jolie oru janarettarumaayi samyojippikkumbol vaidyuthi ulppaadippikkaan upayogikkaam. rotter assembly ennu vilikkunna kuranjathu oru chalikkunna bhaagamenkilum ulla oru turbo mesheenaan turbine, ithu bladeukal gadippichirikkunna shaaft allengil drum aanu. chalikkunna draavakam bladeukalil pravartthikkukayum avaa chalikkukayum rottarinu bhramana oorjjam nalkukayum cheiyunnu. kaattaadiyanthrangalum jalachakrangalumaan aadyakaala turbine udaaharanagal.
vaathakam, neeravi, jala turbineukal ennivaykku bladeukalkk chuttum pravartthikkunna draavakam adangiyirikkunnathum niyanthrikkunnathumaaya oru aavaranamund. steem turbine kandupidichathinte bahumati anglo-airish enchineeyar sarr chaals paarsansinum (1854-1931) prathikarana turbine kandupidichathin sweedish enchineeyar gustaf dii lavalinum (1845-1913) impulse turbine kandupidichathin nalkunnu. aadhunika neeravi turbineukal ore yoonittil prathikaranavum aavegavum pathivayi upayogikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi blade roottil ninnu athinte paridhiyilekku prathikaranatthinteyum aavegathinteyum alavil vyathyaasappedunnu. eiii. dii onnaam noottaandil alexandriayude naayakan oru eyolipailil turbine thathwam pradarshippikkukayum bisi 70 oode vitruvius avaye paraamarsikkukayum cheythu.
1822-ll franch khanana enchineeyar claude burdin, "vortex" allengil "varling" ennartham varunna "tyrebay", oru memoyil, "dess turbines hydrolics ooo mesheens rotattoyaras eiii grande vittesse", addeham paareesile akkadami royal dess sayansinu samarppicha "turbine" enna vaakk upayogichu. claude burdinte muun vidyaarthiyaaya benoit forneron aadyathe praayogika jala turbine nirmmichu.
ooppareshan sidhaantham.
pravarthanakshamamaaya oru draavakathil pottensial energy (presher head), kainettik energy (velosity head) enniva adangiyirikkunnu. draavakam compress cheyyaavunnathum compress cheyyaan kazhiyaathathum aakam. eee oorjjam shekharikkunnathinu turbineukal niravadhi bhauthika thathwangal upayogikkunnu
impulse turbineukal uyarnna vegathayulla draavakathinteyo vathaka jettinteyo ozhukkine maattunnu. thathfalamaayundaakunna avesham turbine karakkukayum kuranja chalanathmaka oorjjathode draavakathinte ozhukk upekshikkukayum cheiyunnu. oru neeravi allengil gyaas turbininte kaaryatthilennapole, turbine bladeukalil (chalikkunna bladeukal) draavakathino vaathakathino mardha maattam illa, ellah mardha dropukalum nischala bledukalilaanu (nossels) sambhavikkunnath. turbinil athunnathinumumbu, nosal upayogichu draavakam thwarithappeduthikkondu draavakathinte "presher head" "velosity head" aayi maattunnu. pelttan veelukalum dii lawal turbineukalum eee prakriya prathyekamaayi upayogikkunnu. rottarile bladeukalil athunnathinu munbu nosal vazhi fluid jettu srishtikkappedunnathinaal impulse turbineukalkk rottarinu chuttum oru presher kesment aavasyamilla. nyoottante randaamathe niyamam impulse turbineukalkulla oorjja kaimaattatthe vivarikkunnu. ozhukk kuravum inlettu marddam kooduthalumulla sandarbhangalil impulse turbineukal upayogikkaan ettavum kaaryakshamamaan. 
vaathakathinteyo draavakathinteyo mardhathino pindatthinodo prathikarichukondu prathikarana turbineukal tork vikasippikkunnu. turbine rotter bledukaliloode kadannupokumbol vaathakathinteyo draavakathinteyo marddam maarunnu. turbine ghattathil (kall) pravarthikkunnathinaal pravarthanakshamamaaya draavakam niyantrikkaan oru presher kesment aavasyamaanu allengil turbine draavakathinte ozhukkilekku (wind turbineukal pole) poornnamaayum muzhukanam. casingle pravartthikkunna draavakam adangiyirikkukayum nayikkukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe vaattar turbineukalkkaayi draaft tube nalkunna sakshan paripaalikkunnu. francis turbineukalum mikka neeravi turbineukalum eee ashayam upayogikkunnu. compress cheyyaavunna pravartthana draavakangalkkaayi, vikasichukondirikkunna vaathakam kaaryakshamamaayi upayogikkunnathinu onniladhikam turbine gattangal saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu. nyoottante moonnaam niyamam prathikarana turbineukalkulla oorjja kaimaattatthe vivarikkunnu. reaction turbineukal uyarnna ozhukk vegathakalkko allengil draavaka thala (mukalile marddam) kurravulla aaplikkeshanukalkko anuyojyamaanu. 
samudra prayogangalkko bhoomi adisthaanamaakkiyulla vaidyuthi ulppaadanathino upayogikkunna steem turbineukalude kaaryatthil, oru paarsans tharam prathikarana turbine dii lawal tharam impulse turbininte blade varikalude eratti aavashyamaayi varum, athe alavil taapa oorjja parivarthanatthinu. ithu paarsan turbine valare dairkhyameriyathum bhaarameriyathumaakkumbol, oru prathikarana turbininte mothatthilulla karyakshamatha athe taapa oorjja parivarthanatthinulla thulyamaaya impulse turbininekkaal alpam kooduthalaanu.
praayogikamaayi, aadhunika turbine designukal saadhyamaakumbozhellaam prathikaranavum aavega ashayangalum vyathyastha alavil upayogikkunnu. wind turbineukal chalikkunna draavakathil ninnu oru prathikarana liftt srishtikkaanum rottarilekku nalkaanum oru airfoyil upayogikkunnu. kaattinte preranayil ninnu kaattaadiyanthrangal oru konilekk vyathichalippikkunnathil kurachu oorjjam nedunnu. onniladhikam gattangalulla turbineukal uyarnna marddathil prathikaranamo impulse bladingo upayogichekkaam. steem turbineukal parambaraagathamaayi kooduthal aavegamullavayaayirunnuve gyaas turbineukalil upayogikkunnathinu samanamaaya prathikarana roopakalppanakalilekku neengunnu. kuranja marddathil pravartthana draavaka maadyamam marddathil cheria kuravinaayi voliyathil vikasikkunnu. eee saahacharyangalil, bladinginte adithara maathram impulse ulla oru prathikarana tharam roopakalppanayaayi blading maarunnu. oro bladinteyum bhramana vegathayude falamaanu kaaranam. vooliyam vardhikkumbol, bladinte uyaram vardhikkukayum bladinte adisthaanam agravumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol mandagathiyil karangukayum cheiyunnu. vegathayile eee maattam oru designare adithattilulla aavegathil ninnu uyarnna prathikarana shailiyilulla agrathilekku marran prerippikkunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathilaanu classical turbine design reethikal vikasippichath. vekttar vishakalanam draavakathinte ozhukkine turbine aakruthiyumaayum bhramanavumaayum bandhappettirikkunnu. graaphikkal kanakkukoottal reethikal aadyam upayogichirunnu. turbine bhaagangalude adisthaana alavukalkkulla soothravaakyangal nannayi rekhappeduthiyittundu, koodaathe eathu draavaka pravaaha avasthaykkum vishwasaneeyamaayi roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyunna valare kaaryakshamamaya oru yanthram. chila kanakkukoottalukal anubhavaparamayatho 'ruul oof tamb' soothravaakyangalo aanu, mattullava classical mechanicsine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. mikka enchiniyaring kanakkukoottalukalileyum pole, anumanangal lalithamaakki.
oru turbine ghattatthinte adisthaana prakadanam kanakkakkaan vegatha trikonangal upayogikkaam. vaathakam nischalamaaya turbine nosal guide vaanukalil ninnu kevalavegathayil "v" a1 ll purathukadakkunnu. rotter "u" vegathayil karangunnu. rottarumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, rottarinte praveshana kavaadatthil vaathakam badhikkunna vegatha "v" r1 aanu. vaathakam rotter vazhi thirikkukayum rottarumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol "v" r2 enna vegathayil purathukadakkukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, kevala padangalil rottarinte eksitt vegatha "v" a2 aanu. eee vividha vegatha vektarukal upayogichaanu vegatha trikonangal nirmmichirikkunnathu. bladingiloode eathu vibhaagathilum vegatha trikonangal nirmmikkaan kazhiyum (udaaharanathina hubb, tipp, midu sekshan thudangiyava) ennaal saadhaaranayaayi sharashari ghatta aaram kaanikkunnu. eee tribhujathil ninnu, eee vyaasathil, euler samavaakyam upayogichu ghattatthinte sharashari prakadanam kanakkakkaam
athinaal
evide
turbine mardha anupatham formula _ 7-nteyum turbine kaaryakshamathayudeyum oru pravarthanamaanu.
aadhunika turbine roopakalppana kanakkukoottalukal kooduthal munnott kondupookunnu. classical soothravaakyangal uruthirinjedukkaan upayogikkunna lalithamaakkunna niravadhi anumaanangalumaayi computational fluid dynamics vitharanam cheiyunnu, computer software opttimaiseshan sugamamakkunnu. eee upakaranangal kazhinja naalpat varshamaayi turbine roopakalppanayil sthiramaaya mechappeduthalukalkku kaaranamaayi.
oru turbininte praadhamika samkhyaa vargeekaranam athinte nirddishta vegathayaanu. power, phloo rettu ennivayumaayi bandhappett turbininte paramavadhi karyakshamathayil eee nambar vivarikkunnu. turbine valippathil ninnu swathanthramaayi nirddishta vegatha uruthirinjirikkunnu. draavaka pravaaha saahacharyangalum aavasyamulla shaaft outtputtu vegathayum kanakkiledukkumbol, nirddishta vegatha kanakkakkaanum uchithamaaya turbine design thiranjedukkaanum kazhiyum.
ariyappedunna prakadanatthinte nilavilulla roopakalppanaye anubandha prakadanatthode oru puthiya valuppathilekku vishwasaneeyamaayi alakkaan chila adisthaana soothravaakyangalkkoppam nirddishta vegathayum upayogikkaam.
oof-design prakadanam saadhaaranayaayi oru turbine mapp allengil swabhaavamaayi pradarshippikkunnu.
rottarile bledukalude ennavum staattarile vaanukalude ennavum palappozhum harmonics kuraykkunnathinum blade-passing aavruthi paramavadhi vardhippikkunnathinam rund vyathyastha prime nambarukalaanu.
upayogikkunnu.
lokathile vaidyuthiyude valiyoru bhagam uthpaadippikkunnathu turbo janarettarukalaanu.
karaa, kadal, vaayu ennividangalile gyaas turbine enchinukalil turbineukal upayogikkunnu.
pisttan enchinukalil turbochargerukal upayogikkunnu.
gyaas turbineukalkk valare uyarnna oorjja saandrathayundu (i.iii. power tuu maas, allengil power tuu vooliyam ennivayude anupatham) kaaranam avaa valare uyarnna vegathayil pravartthikkunnu. proppallantukalkk (draavaka ooksijan, draavaka hydrajan) enchinte jwalana arayilekku nalkaan space shuttle pradhana enchinukal turbopumbukal (turbine enchin nayikkunna pump adangiya yanthrangal) upayogichu. draavaka hydrajan turbopump oru automobile enchinekkaal (ekadesham 700 poundu bharam) alpam valuthaanu, turbine ekadesham 70,000 echpi (52.2 megawatt) uthpaadippikkunnu.
vyaavasaayika prakriyakalil rafrijareshanaayi turbo expanderukal upayogikkunnu.

