
laitts outtu (geyim)

1995ll tiger electronics puratthirakkiya oru electronic geyimaanu laitts outtu. geyimil 5 bye 5 grid laittukal adangiyirikkunnu. geyim aarambhikkumbol, oru kramarahita nambaro eee laittukalude sambharicha paatten oonaakkunnu. eathenkilum laittukal amarthiyaal athu toggle cheyyappedum, oppam aduthulla laittukalum. kazhiyunnathra kurachu button amarthunnathiloode ellah laittukalum oof cheyyuka ennathaanu pasil lakshyamidunnathu.
"samanamaaya electronic geyimaaya "merlyn" 1970-kalil parker sahodaranmaar 3 bye 3 griddle samanamaaya niyamangalumayi puratthirakki. samanamaaya mattoru geyim 1983 ll valkkan electronics "exl-25" enna peril nirmmichu. 1997ll tiger kalippaattangal avarude geyim coom handheld geyim kansolinaayi "laitts outtu" enna vediyunda pathipum nirmmichu, ithu kansolinoppam soujanyamaayi ayachu. 
laittukal oof" ennathinu samanamaaya niravadhi puthiya pasilukal purathirangiyittundu, athaayath "laittukal outtu 2000" (onniladhikam nirangalulla 5x5), "laittukal outtu cube" (arikukaliludaneelam efakttukalulla aarr 3x3 mukhangal), "laittukal outtu delux" (6x6).
kandupiduthakkar.
"avee ooltti, giora benedec, swee herman, revital bloomberg, avee weiner, maikkal ganor ennivarulppedeyulla oru koottam aalukalaanu "laitts outtu" srishtichathu. groupile amgangal orumichu vyakthigathamayi hidaatto, nimks, aitopp thudangi niravadhi geyimukal kandupidichu.
kalii.
5 bye 5 grid laittukal ulkkollunnathaan geyim. geyim aarambhikkumbol, oru kramarahita nambaro eee laittukalude sambharicha paatten oonaakkunnu. eathenkilum laittukal amarthiyaal athu toggle cheyyappedum koodaathe aduthulla naalu laittukalum. kazhiyunnathra kurachu button amarthunnathiloode ellah laittukalum oof cheyyuka ennathaanu pasil lakshyamidunnathu.
ganithashaasthram.
oru laitt oonaanengil, athu oof cheyyaan otappetta ennam thavana toggle cheyyanam. oru laitt oof aanenkil, athu oof aayi nilkkunnathin athu thulya ennam thavana (onnumillaathathulppede) toggle cheyyanam. kaliyude thanthrathinaayi niravadhi nigamanangal upayogikkunnu. onnamathaayi, laittukal amarthunna kramam prashnamalla, kaaranam phalam onnuthanneyayirikkum. randaamathaayi, oru minimum laayaniyil, oro prakashavum onniladhikam thavana amarthendathilla, kaaranam oru prakasham randuthavana amarthunnathu athu amarthaathirikkunnathinu thulyamaanu.
1998-ll, marlo aandezhsanum tooad failum ellah konfigareshanukalum pariharikkaanaakillenn theliyikkaanum pariharikkaavunna 5x5 prashnathinu anaavashya neekkangal ulppedaathe krithyamaayi naalu vijaya saahacharyangalundennu theliyikkaanum leanier aljibra upayogichu. 5x5 grid oof laittukale 25x1 koolam vektaraayi prathinidheekarikkam, yathaakramam 1 umm 0 umm laitt athinte oonn, oof avasthakale soochippikkunnu. oro entriyum z2-nte oru gadakamaanu, poornnasamkhyakalude feeld modulo 2. aandezhsanum failum kandethi, oru konfigareshan pariharikkaavunnathin (yadhaartha konfigareshanil ninnu nall vekttar nedunnu) athu chuvadeyulla rund vektarukal n1, n2 ennivaykku oorthoogoonal aayirikkanam (5x5 sreniyaayi chithreekarichirikkunnu, pakshe matrixukalumaayi thettidharikkaruthu).
soothravaakyam _ 1
koodaathe, oru parihaaratthil ninnu moonnu adhika pariharangal kandethaan n1, n2 enniva upayogikkaamennum eee naalu pariharangal maathramaan (anaavashya neekkangal ozhike) aadyaghatta krameekaranatthinulla naalu pariharangalennum avar kandethi. x, x + n1, x + n2, x + n1 + n2 ennivayaanu eee naalu pariharangal, ivide x ennathu nalkiyirikkunna prarambha konfigareshante parihaaramaan. eee reethiyekkurichulla oru aamukham roobert aisel prasidheekarichu.
neriya vetta.
"laitt chasing" ennathu gassian elemination samanamaaya oru reethiyaanu, ithu ellaayppozhum pasil pariharikkunnu (oru pariharam nilavilundenkil), ennirunnaalum niravadhi anaavashya gattangalkkulla saadhyathayund. eee sameepanathil, mukalile variyil ninnu aarambhich oru samayam oro varikal kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. aduthulla laittukal nerittu thaazheyulla variyil toggle cheythukondu ellah laittukalum nirayil pravarthanarahithamaakkunnu. thudarnnu avasaanatheth vare thudarchayaaya varikalil ithe reethi upayogikkunnu. avasana varii athinte sajeevamaaya laittukale aashrayich vevvere pariharikkappedunnu. mukalile variyile anubandha laittukal (chuvadeyulla pattika kaanuka) toggle cheyyukayum prarambha algoritam veendum pravarthippikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu oru parihaarathinu kaaranamaakunnu.
oru blank board upayogichu laittukal oof cheyyukayum mukalile variyil ninnu thaazhathe variyilekku oru prathyeka prakasham konduvarunnathinte phalam nireekshikkukayum cheythaanu mattu board valuppangalkkayulla tableukalum thanthrangalum srishtikkunnathu.
kooduthal phalangal.
orotta pariharam kandethiyaal, sanjitha falamillaattha anaavashya button pressukal illaathaakkunnathiloode kuranja neekkangalulla oru pariharam nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum. niyamaparamaaya geyim srishtiyude keezhil 5x5 pasil pariharikkaanaavunnille, matellaa laittukalum oof cheyyumbol thaazhathe variyile rund idathu laittukal oonaayi thudarum.
shadbhujaakrithiyilullathu vaividhyamaarnna board konfigareshanukalkku parihaarangalude asthithvam theliyikkappettittund, athesamayam n ≤ 200-nulla n-by-n bordukalilekkulla pariharangal vyakthamaayi nirmmichittundu.
oro n × n kesinum oru parihaaramund. oru sheershakathil klikkucheyyunnathu athinte moolyavum ayalraajyangalum mattunna dishaabodhamillaatha eathu graphilum ithu pariharikkaavunnathaan. kooduthal saadhaaranayaayi aakshan matricks samamithiyaanengil athinte diagonal ellaayppozhum pariharikkaavunnathaan.

