
skistosoma japonicum

oru pradhana parannabhojiyum skistosomiyasisinte pradhana pakarchavyaadhi ejantumaaril onnaanu skistosoma japonicum. eee paraannabhojikalkku valare vishalamaaya aathidheya shreniyundu, 9 maamsabhojikal, 16 elikal, oru primate (manushyan), rund praanikale bhakshikkunna jeevikal, moonnu artiodaaktailukal ennivayulppede kuranjathu 31 inam vanya sasthanikale badhikkunnu, athinaal ithu oru yadhaartha sunosis aayi kanakkakkaam. eee paraannabhojikal evideyaanu prasnamaakunnathennum anubadha engane thadayaam ennum yaathrakkaarkk nannayi ariyanam. "ezz. chaina, phillippines, indoneshya, thekkukizhakkan eshya thudangiya vidoora kizhakk bhagathaanu japonicum kaanappedunnath.
kandethal.
"1904ll okaama sarvakalaashaalayile paatholajistaaya fujiro katsuradayanu kofu thadatthil "skistosoma japonicum" kandethiyathu. pinneedu katsurada eee parannabhoji "skistosoma japonicum" ennu namakaranam cheythu.
saamoohika prathyaaghaathangal.
anubaadhaykk saadhyathayulla vyakthikal. jalasechanathil palappozhum sanjarikkunna karshakar, aruvikalilum thadaakangalilum sanjarikkunna mathsyathozhilaalikal, vellathil kalikkunna kuttikal, aruvikalil vasthram kazhukunna aalukal ennivaraanu japonicum.
praayavum oru vyakthiyude lingabhedavum janasamkhyayude saambathikavum vidyaabhyaasaparavumaaya nilavaaravumaan pakarchavyaadhiye swaadheenikkunna pradhana gadakangal. ettavum kooduthal anubadhayum ettavum theevramaaya anubadhayum kaanikkunnath purushanmaaraan. ithu thozhilparamaaya apakadasaadhyatha moolamaayirikkaam. surinaaminte kaaryatthilennapole, vayalukalil jolie cheiyunna purushanmaarum sthreekalum ulla rund lingangalilum ettavum kooduthal vyaapanam kaanapedunnu.
kalavastha vyathiyaanam chainayile skistosomiyasis vyaapanathe baadhichekkaam. essinte vikasanam. intermediat hoost oongoomelaniya hupensisile japonicum 15.4 digri selshyasinte padivaathilkkal sambhavichu. munbu, "ooo. januvariyil sharashari thaapanila 0 digri selshyasil kooduthalulla pradeshangalil huppensis parimithappedutthiyirikku. vardhichuvarunna kalavastha vyathiyaanathodoppam, 2050 oode, ooo. chainayude uparithala vistheernnathinte 8.1 sathamaanam ulkkollaan hupensissinu kazhiyum, angane puthiya janasamkhyaykku skistosomiyasis varaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu.
roopaghadana.
ezz. japonicum "puzhukkal manjayo manja-thavitt niramo aanu. eee inathile aanthumbikal mattu skistosomukale apekshichu alpam valuthaanu, avaykku 1.2 centimeter x 0.5 millimeter alakkunnu. penthumbikalkku 2 centimeter x 0.40 millimeter alavu undu. muthirnna puzhukkal bandhappettavayekkaal neelamullathum idungiyathumaayavayaanu. mansoni "vemukal.
electron microscopy vazhi purushante dorsal uparithalathil meladhikaarikalo nattellukaloo illa, ithu valanjathum sponchi roopam nalkunnathumaanu. pala nattellukalum ooral sakkarinte aantharika uparithalathe moodukayum faarinchiyal thurakkal vare vyaapikkukayum cheiyunnu. ooral sakkar maarunna valippamulla nattellukalum arikilekku akathekkum puratthekkum moorchayulla oru arikum kaanikkunnu. ventral sakkaril ooral sakkarinekkaal cheruthaaya niravadhi nattellukal undu. gynaecophoric kanaalinte lining minitt nattellukalaal parukkanaan. penthumbiyude poornnasankhya valanjathum pitt cheythathumaanu, koodaathe ooral sakkar, ventral sakkar, purushante gynaecophoric kanal ennivayekkaal kurachu nattellukal maathrame ulloo. asattaabulathinu munvashath, poornnasamkhyayulla prathalangal nattellukalillaathavanna. ennirunnaalum, mattu pradeshangalil, visarjjya sushirathinte sameepapradeshangalilozhike nattellukal thulyamaayi vitharanam cheyyappedunnu.
oova ekadesham 55-85 micrometer bye 40-60 micrometer aanu, oru minitt laattaral nattellu allengil noob ulla oval aanu.
jeevitachakram.
skistosoma japonicum", "skistosoma mansoni" ennivayude jeevithachakrangal valare saamyamullathaan. churukkatthil, paraannabhojiyude muttakal malatthil vidukayum avaa vellavumayi sanbarkkam pulartthukayaanenkil avaa swathanthramaayi neenthunna larvayayi maarukayum cheiyunnu, ithine mirasidia ennu vilikkunnu. onno rando divasathinullil larva "oongoomeleniya huppensis" polulla "oongoomeleniya" janussile oru ochaye baadhikkanam. ochukalkkullil, spaarosistukal ennariyappedunna ghattangalude oru parambarayiloode laarvakal alaingikamaaya prathyulppaadanathinu vidheyamaakunnu. alaingika prathyulppaadana ghattathinu sesham sercaria (mattoru swatantra neenthal larva) valia alavil uthpaadippikkappedunnu, avaa pinneedu ochukale (paristhithiyilekku ozhukunnu) vidukayum anuyojyamaaya kasherukkale baadikkukayum venam. sercaria aathidheyarude charmmathilekku thulachukayariyaal athinte wall nashtappedukayum athu oru skistosomeulaayi maarukayum cheiyunnu. thudarnnu puzhukkal rakthachamkramanathiloode sanjarichu messentic sirakalil avasaanikkukayum avide avaa inacherukayum muttayidukayum cheiyunnu. oro jodiyum kudal bhitthiyude naalangalil prathidinam 1500-3500 muttakal nikshepikkunnu. muttakal koshangaliloode nuzhanjukayarukayum malam vazhi kadannupokukayum cheiyunnu.
aathidheyar.
aathidheyaril kannukaalikalum ulppedunnu.
pathology.
paraannabhojikal shareerathil praveshichu muttakal ulppaadippikkaan thudangiyaal, athu kudalilekku muttakal kondupokunnathinu aathidheyarude rogaprathirodha samvidaanam (graanulomakal) upayogikkunnu. muttakal avaykku chuttum granuloma roopappedaan prerippikkunnu. chalanathmaka koshangal adangiya graanulomakal muttakale kudal lumenilekk kondupookunnu. lumenil aayirikkumbol, granuloma koshangal chitharikkidakkunnu, muttakal malamkkullil visarjjikkappedunnu. nirbhagyavashaal, moonnil rund muttakalum visarjjikkappedunnil, pakaram avaa kudalilaanu nirmmikkunnath. vittumaaraatha anubadha swabhaavasavisheshathayulla simmer fibrosysilake nayichekkaam ("clay pipe stem" fibrosukal ennum ariyappedunnu, iva cross sekshanil kaliman paippinte aakruthi ettedukkunna intra hepatic portal weyin calcification moolamaanu sambhavikkunnath). "ezz. skistosoma inathil ettavum rogakariyaaya japonicum prathidinam 3,000 muttakal vare uthpaadippikkunnu, ithu skistosoma inathekkaal pathiratti kooduthalaanu. mansoni ".
oru vittumaaraatha rogamaayi, ezz. japonicum "kattayama panii, karal fibrosis, karal sirosis, karal portal hypertension, pleanomegaly, asaittukal ennivayilekku nayichekkaam. chila muttakal karaliloode kadannupokukayum shwaasakoshathilekkum naadeevyavasthayilekkum mattu avayavangalilekkum praveshikkukayum avaa rogabadhithanaaya vyakthiyude aarogyathe prathikoolamaayi baadikkukayum cheyyum.
rogam.
"chaina, phillippines, srilanka ennividangalil kaanapedunna eaka manushya rakthapravaahamaan "shistosoma japonicum". prathyekichu thadaaka, chathuppunila pradeshangalil ippozhum oru pradhana aarogya prashnamaayi thudarunna schistosomiasis japonica enna rogathinu ithu kaaranamaakunnu. pradhaanamaayum moonnu skistosom speesheesukal moolamundaakunna anubaadhayaan skistosomiyasis; "skistosoma mansoni, skistosoma japonicum", "skistosoma hematobium". ezz. moonnu enangalil ettavum pakarchavyaadhiyaanu japonicum. skistosomukal anubaadhaye thudarnnu kadutha kattayama panii undaakunnu. kaathayama rogathekkurichulla charitraparamaaya vivaranagal karshakarude kandethal muthalullathaanu. 1904ll jappaanile japonicum. jappaanile hiroshimayile kattayama jillayil thaddesheeyamaaya oru pradeshatthinte perilaanu eee rogam ariyappedunnathu. chikilsichillenkil, ithu hepatosplenic rogavum shaareerikavum vaijnjaanikavumaaya vikasanam thakararilaayathum savisheshamaaya oru vittumaaraatha avasthayaayi vikasikkum. s-nte theevratha. skittosom muttakal thalachorilekku kudiyerunnathu moolam skittosomukalile ellah neurological rogangalilum 60 shathamaanathilum japonicum undaakunnu. rogabadhithanaaya vyakthikk anubhavappedaavunna lakshanangalil iva ulppedunnu panii, chuma, vayaruvedana, vayarilakkam, hepatosplenomegaly, eosynophilia.
roganirnayam.
malam allengil moothrathile muttakalude microscopic identificationaanu roganirnayathinulla ettavum praayogika reethi. anubadha undaakumbol malam parisodhikkanam. mansoni "allengil" s. japonicum "ennu samshayikkunnu, undengil moothra parisodhana nadatthanam. hematobium "ennu samshayikkunnu.
ellah skistosoma enangalileyum anubaadhakalil muttakal malam undakam. oru lalithamaaya smearil (1 muthal 2 milligram vare malam) parisodhana nadatthaam. muttakal idaykkide allengil cheria alavil kadannupokaamennathinaal, aavarthichulla parishodhanakaliloodeyum koodaathe/allengil eakaagratha nadapadikramangaliloodeyum (formalin-ethyl asattett saankethikavidya polullava) avayude kandethal vardhippikkum. koodaathe, feeld sarvekalkkum anweshana aavasyangalkkum, kaatto-kaatts saankethikavidya (20 muthal 50 milligram vare malam) allengil richi saankethikavidya upayogichu muttayude ulppaadanam alakkaan kazhiyum.
muttakal moothrathil anubaadhayil kaanapedunnu. hematobium (shekharanathinu shupaarsha cheiyunna samayam uchaykkum 3 manikkum idayil) japonicum ". centrifugation avashishtangalude parisodhanayum vazhi kandethal vardhippikkum. moothrathinte oru saadhaarana alavinte nucleopore membraniloode filtration upayogikkunnathiloodeyum thudarnnu membranile muttayude ennavum upayogichu alavu saadhyamaan. tissue biopsy (ellah enangalkkum malashaya biopsy, moothraashayathinte biopsy enniva. hematobium) malam allengil moothraparishodhana negatteevu aakumbol muttakal kaanichekkaam.
muttakal muthal. japonicum "cheruthaanu, eakaagratha saankethikavidyakal aavashyamaayi vannekkaam. muttakalillathe vittumaaraatha skistosomiyasis parishodhikkaanaan biopsykal kooduthalum nadathunnathu.
skistosomukalkku prathyekamaaya aantibodikalkkaayi oru elisa parisodhana nadatthaam. oru positteev phalam nilavilullatho sameepakaalathilo ulla anubaadhaye soochippikkunnu (kazhinja rund varshathinullil). hepatic, pleehayumaayi bandhapetta rogaavasthayude vyaapthi vilayiruthaan ultrasonographic parisodhana nadatthaam. immuno diagnostic reethikalile prasnangal 1) anubaadhaykk sesham oru nischitha samayam maathrame ithu positteev aakoo 2) avaykku mattu helminthus anubaadhakalumaayi edapazhakaan kazhiyum.
chikitsa.
kvinolon derivative aaya praasikvantalaanu thiranjedukkunna therapy. sareerabhaarathinu 40 muthal 60 milligram vare onno rando dosukalil saadhaaranayaayi praasikvantal vaayiloode nalkunnu.
kompineshan chikitsa skistosomiyasis moolamulla rogaavasthaye thadayaam. praayapoorthiyaaya puzhukkalkkethire praasikvantal ettavum sajeevamaan. ennirunnaalum, artemether muthirnnavarkkulla puzhukkalude vikaasathe thadayunnuvennum angane aathidheyarude mutta uthppaadanam kurayunnuvennum kandethiyittundu. praasikvantalum artemether orumichu upayogikkaan kazhiyumenkil, athinte muzhuvan ayussum. japonicum "kasherukkalude aathidheyathvathil moodappedum.
prathirodham.
manushya maalinyangal shuchithvathode neekkam cheyyanam. oongoomeleniya" snall intermediat hoost ulla vellathile manushya maalinyangal skistosomiyasis nilanirthunnathinulla oru pradhana kaaranamaan. ithu sambhavikkunnath thadayaan, manushyamaalinyangal orikkalum ratri manninayi (manushyamaalinyangal upayogichu vilakal valarthal) upayogikkaruthu, koodaathe shuchithvamillaatha avastha mechappeduthanam. anubadha ozhivakkaan, manushyaro mrugangalo malinamaakkunna vellavumayulla sanbarkkam (neenthalum nadakkalum ulppede) vyakthikal ozhivaakkanam, prathyekichu "oongoomeleniya" ochukalkku praadeshikamaaya jalasrothassukal.
mattu pradhana prathirodha saankethikavidyakalil iva ulppedunnu kadakalil ninnu vangiya mineral vaattar kudikkukayum kudivellatthino kulikkaano upayogikkunnathinu munbu kuranjathu oru minittengilum uyarnna thapanilayil thilappicha vellam kudikkukayum cheyyuka. iodine samskaranam jalathinte suraksha urappunalkunnilla.
rogabadhithamaaya vellathil praveshikkaan aavashyamenkil, vellathil praveshikkunnathinu munbu sercarial repallantukalum sercaricidal thailangalum charmmatthil purattam. dimethicon bays ulla barrier cream kuranjathu 48 manikorengilum uyarnna pariraksha nalki.
praayogikamaaya oru vaaksinuvendiyulla thirachil thudarukayum athu badhita pradeshangalkk valareyadhikam gunam cheyyukayum cheyyum.
niyanthranam.
anubaadhaykkethiraaya niyanthranam. japonicathinu vidyaabhyaasam, rogabaadhitharil ninnu rogam illaathaakkal, vekttarine niyanthrikkal enniva ulppedunna onniladhikam sramangal aavasyamaanu.
vidyaabhyaasam valare phalapradamaakaamenkilum vibhavangalude abhaavathil athu budhimuttaayirikkum. koodaathe, aachaarangalum paarambaryangalum perumattangalum maattaan aalukalodu aavashyappedunnathu budhimuttulla oru joliyaanennu theliyikkum.
ezz" niyanthrikkunnu. oongoomeleniya" ochukal ubhayajeevikalum muttayidunnathinu idaykkide vellam maathram ullavayumayathinaal molassideulla "japonicum" phalapradamallennu thelinju.

