
siandai hanyu sidian

nilavile chainees allengil samakaalika chainees nighanduvinte nighandu ennum ariyappedunna siandaay hanyu sidian (сиянати ченыу сииян) vaanijya maadyamangal prasidheekaricha staanderd manderine chainees bhaashayude oru pradhana vooliyam nighanduvaanu, ippol athinte ezhaamathe (2016) pathippilekku. aadhunika staanderd manderine chainees bhaashayekkurichulla oru reference kruthiyaayi luu shuksiang ding shengshuvum chernnaanu ithu aadyam edittu cheythath. 1958ll samahaaram aarambikkukayum 1960lum 1965lum pareekshana pathippukal purathirakkukayum cheythu, 1973ll aantharika pracharanatthinum abhiprayangalkkumaayi niravadhi pakarppukal achadikkukayum cheythu, ennaal saamskaarika viplavam kaaranam anthima karadu 1977 avasaanam vare poorthiyaayittilla, aadyathe aupachaarika pathipp 1978 desember vare prasidheekarikkappettilla. lalithamaaya chainees bhaashayile vishadeekarana kurippukalulla staanderd manderine chainees shabdashaasthra nilavaramaaya hanyu pinyin anusarichu krameekaricha aadyathe peeples republic oof chaina nighanduvaayirunnu ithu. thudarnnulla randaam pathipp muthal ezhaam pathipp vare yathaakramam 1983 (ippol 'randaam pathipp' ennu punasamghadippicha pathipp), 1996 (parishkaricha pathipp-ippol 'moonnaam pathipp' ennu kaanunnu), 2002 (2002 anubandha pathipp-ippol 'naalam pathipp' ennu kaanunnu), 2005 (anchaam pathipp), 2012 (aaram pathipp), 2016 (ezhaam pathipp) enniva prasidheekarichu.
1994ll 'eiii dictionary oof karant chainees' chainayude aadya deseeya pusthaka puraskaaram nedi. ezhaam pathippil aksharangal, vaakkukal, padaprayogangal, bhashaaparamaaya vaakyangal, bhaashaavarthanangal ennivayulppede ekadesham 70,000 entrikal adangiyirikkunnu. sidi-romsilum parambaraagatha chainees digital pathippukalilum eee nighandu digital formaattilum labhyamaan.
"staanderd allatha veriyant roopangalulla staanderd padangalude aadya parambara" ennathinte rachanayil "siandaay hanyu sidian" enna vaakkinte upadesham sweekarichu.
parambaraagatha chainees pathipp.
2001ll vaanijya maadyamangal (hongong) oru parambaraagatha chainees pathipp prasidheekarichu. ekadesham 60,000 entrikal ithil adangiyirikkunnu, ellah entrikalum hanyu pinyinodoppam suin ennu label cheythittundu.
vivaadangal.
"siandaay hanyu sidian" chila vaakkukalkkum vaakyangalkkum vivechanaparamaaya vishadeekaranangal nalkiyirunnu. swavarggalaingikatha" () enna vaakk oru udaaharanamaayirunnu. 1970kalile aadya pathipp muthal (aaa pathippile entry-aksharaarthatthil 'swavarga pranayam') 2005 leeii "siandaay hanyu sidian" enna anchaamathe pathipp vare, eee padatthinte nirvachanam "oru tharam maanasika vyathiyaanam" ennaanu "nirnnayikkappettath". 2012leeii aaram pathippilum 2016leeii ezhaam pathippilum eee padam "swavargakkaar thammilulla laingika perumaattam" ennu punarnirvachichu.
aaram pathippil, athil dhaaraalam puthiya padavali adangiyirikkunnuvenkum, "swavarggaanuraagiyaaya vyakthi" enna anoupachaarika padamaaya ("sakhaavu") enna vaakk nighanduvil ulppeduthiyitla. hongong yooniversitti oof sayans aandu teknolajiyile soshyolaji professorude abhipraayathil, eee padam palappozhum communist party oof chainayekkurichulla parihasyamaaya paraamarshamaayi kanakkakkappedunnathaanu ithinu kaaranam. yadhaartha padam chainayile rashtreeya vilaasathinte oru saadhaarana roopamaanu, udha.jii. "sakhaavu huu jintaavo", "sakhaavu wenn jiabavo".
aaram pathippile "paashchaathya aksharamalayil aarambikkunna entrikal" vakupp niyanthranam lamghichathaayi chila ethirkkaar parathippettu-stettu kaunsilinte "," prasidheekarana niyanthrana niyanthranangal "(stettu kaunsil act nambar 1) polulla niyamangalil" chainees bhasha prasidheekaranangal samsaarikkukayum ezhuthukayum cheiyunna staanderd chainees bhaashayude maanadandangalum maanadandangalum palikkum ". 594). oru chainees nighanduvinte pradhana bhaagathulla engleesh padavali upayogikkunnathum chainees aksharangalkk pakaramaayi engleesh upayogikkunnathum chainees aksharangalude romaneekaranathinushesham chainees aksharangalkk ettavum valia naashanashtamundaakkumennum bhashayil deerghakaala negatteevu swaadheenam cheluthumennum eee ethirkkaar parayunnu.
nighandu nokkumbol eee vibhaagam eluppathil paraamarshikkaavunnathaanenna prasadhakanaaya vaanijya maadyamangal marupadi nalki. stettu kaunsil oafees secretariyatt 2010-leeii oru rekhayil prasthaavicha oru chattam anusarichu, samsthaana adhikaarikal ezhuthiya chainees nighandukkalil rekhappeduthiyittulla aksharamala entrikalkku anubandha chainees vivarthanangal illennu vaanijya maadyamangal parayunnu. athinaal, avaa nighandukkalil ulppeduthunnathu thikachum nallathaanu.