
deva raaya randaaman

deva raaya randaaman (aarr. 1422-1446 CE) vijayanagar saamraajyathile oru chakravartthiyaayirunnu. sangama raajavamshathile bharanaadhikaarikalil ettavum mikachayaalaaya addeham kazhivulla bharanadhikaariyum yodhaavum pandithanumaayirunnu. kannada bhashayilum ("sobagina soonn", "amaruka") samskritha bhashayilum ("mahanatak sudhanidhi") addeham prashasthamaaya kruthikal rachichu. madhyakaalakhattatthile ettavum prashasthanaaya kannada kavikalaaya chamarasa, kumara vyaasa, samskritha kavi gunda dimdima, prashastha telung bhasha kavi srinath ennivarulppede chilarude rakshaadhikaariyaayirunnu addeham. mathethara saahithyathile vikasanathe addeham pinthunachu, athupole thanne thante saamraajyathil jeevichirunna kerala jyothishaasthrathilum ganithashaasthrathilum ninnulla prashastha dakshinenthyan ganithashaasthranjanaaya parameswaran.
charitrakaaranaaya shaasthriyude abhipraayathil, deva raaya randaamanu "gajabeteegara" enna padavi undaayirunnu, athaayath aksharaarthatthil "aanakale vettayaadunnayaal", aanakale vettayaadaanulla addehathinte asakti vishadeekarikkunna oru bahumaanaartham allengil "aanakaleppole shaktharaaya" shathrukkalkkethiraaya vijayangale paraamarsikkunna oru roopakamaanu. chila thirichadikal undaayirunnittum, devaraaya randaaman krishna nadhi vare pradeshangal vyaapippikkukayum kaivashappeduthukayum cheythu. sandarshanathinethiya pershyan charitrakaaranaaya abdur rassakkinte vivaranamanusarichu, deva raaya randaamante saamrajyam seyloon muthal gulbarga vareyum orissa malabar vareyum vyaapichu. charitrakaaranmaaraaya chopra, raveendran, subramanian ennivarude abhipraayathil, rajaavu oru kappalpadaye paripalikkukayum athu videsha bandhangalil addehathe sahayikkukayum cheythu. samakaalika europian paryavekshakanaaya nicolo kondiyude vivaranathil ninnu, rajaavu seyloon, kviloon, pegu, pulikkatt, tenasserim ennivaykku kappam chumatthi.
saamrajyam.
gajapati rajyavumaayi yuddham cheiyunnu.
dakshinenthyayude charithratthile, prathyekichu karnadakayude charithratthile suvarnnakaalamaan devaraaya randaamante bharanam. thante hrasvamaaya sambhavabahulamaaya rund varshathe bharanathinushesham addeham thante pithavaaya veera vijaya bukka raayayude pingamiyaayi. sii yill oru kireedavakashi enna nilayilum. 1423ll bahamani sulthaanettinethiraaya yudhathil addeham vijayam aaswadikkukayum sii. yill thalasthaanangal beedarilekku maattaan avare nirbandhitharaakkukayum cheythu. 1426. devaraaya randaaman odeeshayile gajapathiykkethire moonnu pradhana yudhangal nadatthi sii. 1427-ll kondavidu yudhathil bhanudeva naalaaman raajaavinethire. 1436-ll kapilendra rajaavu rajamendri keezhadakkaan shramichappol avarkkethire veendum sii. 1441. kondaaviduvile reddikalude aakramanavum sii thirichadichu. 1432ll eee pradeshathe ellah cheria thalavanmareyum vijayanagar niyanthranathilaakki.
sulthaanettu karyangal.
oru cheria kaalayalavile samaadhaanathin sesham, vijaynagaram avarude parambaraagatha sathrukkalaaya bahamani sulthaanettumaayi yudhathilekku valichizhakkapettu. ennirunnaalum eee yudhangal sammishra phalangal nalki. sii. 1436-ll alaa-udh-dhiin randaaman bahamani simhaasanathil kayarukayum udan thanne kappam shekharikkaan thante sahodaran muhammadine ayaykkukayum cheythu. shaasthri parayunnathanusarichu, samadhaanam vaangunnathin devaraaya randaamanu valia kappam nalkendivannu. eee samayat, vijayanagar sainyathe bahamani sainyangal sthiramaayi paraajayappedutthukayum oru pariharam kandethaan devaraaya randaamane budhimuttikkukayum cheythu, ithu oduvil niravadhi vidagdha musleem sainikare vijayanagar sainyathil ulppeduthunnathilekku nayichu. sii. 1436-ll oru sainika tharkkathil, deva raaya randaamanu mudgalil kotta nashtappettathayi chila vivaranagal soochippikkunnu, ennaal charitrakaaranaaya kamath parayunnathanusarichu, sii. 1436ll mudgalile likhitham prakaram kotta vijayanagar niyanthranatthilaayi. sii yill thudarnna oru anischithakaala kaalayalavil. 1443ll rajaavu oru vadhasramathinu irayaayennu thonniyappol tungabhadra nadiyile krishna nadiyile dovaabile chila pradeshangal bahamani sulthaanettin nashtamaayi.
yudhathilekku nayicha sambhavangalekkurichu samakaalika pershyan ezhuthukaaraaya ferishta abdur russack parasparavirudhamaaya vivaranagal nalkiyittundu. ferishta prakaram, devaraaya randaaman neratthe bahamaanikalkk manoharamaaya oru adaranjali arppichu samadhaanam vaangiyirunnu. ennirunnaalum karaarine manikkaan addeham visammathikkukayum ithu yudhathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. eee vivaranam anusarichu, thante sainyathe shakthippeduthuka enna uddeshyathode, devaraaya randaaman niravadhi vidagdha musleem ambeythukaareyum kuthirapadayeyum niyamichu, ithu yudhathinu prerippichu. ennaal sii. yill kozhikottil ezhuthiya rasakkinte vivaranam anusarichu. 1443ll, nilavilulla ashayakkuzhappam muthaleduthu kooduthal vijayanagar pradesham pidichedukkaan sultanmar nadatthiya sramamaanu (thanikk ariyaamenn thonnunna vadhasramam moolamundaaya) yudhathinu kaaranam. eee sambhavathin driksaakshiyaayirunna rassakkinte abhipraayathil, devaraaya randaamante sahodaran rajavineyum niravadhi pradhana prabhukkanmareyum oru virunnilekku shanikkukayum shanikkappettavaril bhooribhaagathinteyum shirachhedam nadathukayum cheythu. ennaal rajaavu athaazhavirunnil pankedutthitlennu manassilakkiya addeham kottaaratthil pooyi sahaayamillatha devaraaya randaamane kutthi parikkelppichu. eee avasaram muthaleduthu bahamani sultan ezhu laksham varaha (700,000) pagodakal kappamaayi aavasyappettu. devaraaya randaaman panam nalkaan visammathikkukayum ithu yudhathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. chopra muthalaayavarude abhipraayathil.shaasthriyude aadya yudhangal vijayakaramaayirunnu, avar raichur, bankapura enniva pidichadakki bijapur vare munneri. ennaal kazhinja moonnu yudhangalil, deva raaya randaamante makan yudhathil kollappedukayum vijayanagar sainyathe avarude yadhaartha shakthikendramaaya mudgalilekku thirichayakkukayum cheythirikkaam. rund sulthaanettu generalukale thadavilaakkiyenkilum pinneedu sathrutha avasaanippikkunnathinaayi vittayachu.
thekkum seylonilum vijayam.
deva raaya randaamante saamraajyathil keralam ulppedunnu, avide addeham kviloon bharanadhikaariyeyum mekhalayile mattu thalavanmareyum paraajayappeduthi. addehathinte kazhivulla senaadhipan lakkanna seyloon akramikkukayum avide ninnu sambannamaaya adaranjali shekharikkukayum cheythu. kozhikode saamoothiriyum pegu, thanasserim ennividangalil bharichirunna barma rajaakkanmaarum polum kappam nalki. eee vivarangal noonisinte rachanakalil ninnaan labhichathu. samorin thante swaathanthryam nilanirtthiyenkilum, rassakkinte vivaranathil ninnu addeham devaraaya randaamane bhayappedukayum bahumanikkukayum cheythu.
videsha sandarshakarude kanakkukal.
eee samayathaan paryaveshakanaaya nicolo kondiyum pershyan charitrakaaranaaya abdur rasak dakshinenthyayilethiyathu. kondi ezhuthi "indiayile matellaa rajaakkanmaarekkaalum shakthanaan vijaynagarathile rajaavu."russack ezhuthi" "lokathil vijayanagarathin thulyamaayi mattonnum nilavilundennum kanninte puthapp ithupoloru sthalam kanditillennum budhiyude chevye orikkalum ariyichirunnilla" "(rasakaramaaya oru vashath rund paryavekshakarum deva raaya randaamante valia haraminekurichum abhiprayappettu, athil 4000 raajnjikal addehathe pinthudarnnu). deva raaya randaamante kottaaratthile ambasadaraayirunna rasaakh ezhuthi "eee rajakumaran thante aadhipathyathil munnooru thuramukhangalundu, avaa oronnum kozhikottinu thulyamaanu, addehathinte pradeshangal moonnu maasathe yaathrayude idamaanu vittukodukkunnathu. niravadhi pattanangalum graamangalum niranja janasandrata niranja rajyamaayirunnu raajyamenn rund yaathrakkaarum sammathikkunnu. raassaakh ezhuthi "raajyam mikkavarum nannayi krishi cheyyappedukayum valare phalabhooyishtavumaanu. sainikarude ennam pathinonnu laksham (1,100,000) aanu."thaan kanda lokathile ettavum manoharamaaya nagarangalilonnayi rasaakh vijaynagarathe kanakkakki. nagaratthe vivarichukondu addeham ezhuthi "ezhu kottakalum athe ennam mathilukalum parasparam valayam cheiyunna reethiyilaan ithu nirmmichirikkunnathu. mattullavayude madhyathil sthithi cheiyunna ezhaamathe kotta herat nagaratthinte vipaniyekkaal pathiratti valuthaanu. vipanikalekkurichu addeham ezhuthi "aabharanakkaar eee ishtappetta pradeshathe basar muthukal, manikyangal, marathakam, vajrangal enniva parasyamaayi vilkkunnu, raajakottaarathil niravadhi ozhukunna aruvikalum kanaalukalum kaanapedunnu, avaa minusamaarnnathum minusamarnnathumaaya kallukalaal roopappettirikkunnu..."
samskaaravum kalayum.
vaishnavanmaarum veerashaiva ezhuthukaarum thammilulla malsaram kaduthathum rund vibhaagangalum thammilulla saahitya tharkkangal saadhaaranamaayirunna kannada saahithyathinte vikasanathil deva raaya randaamante bharanam oru uyarnna ghattamaayirunnu. pathinanjaam noottaandile ettavum prashasthamaaya kannada ezhuthukaaril chilar, chamarasa, kumara vyaasa; mathethara vishayangalil ezhuthiya chandrasekhara (chakravi); raajaavinte theekshnathayulla veerashaiva manthrimaarum ezhuthukaarum, lakkana dandesa, jakkanarya (kannada kavikalaaya kumarabankanathan mahalingadevan svayam samrakshichathu) ennivar addehathinte kottaarathilundaayirunnu. rajaavu oru ezhuthukaaranilum kuravaayirunnilla, "sobagina soonn" ("" soundaryathinte mazha ""), "amaruka" ennee pranayakathakal addehathinu nalkiyittundu.
telung saamraajyathil ithu sreenaathante kaalamaayirunnu. thelungilum samskritha bhaashakalilum samaanathakalillaatha aadipathyamulla addeham prashastha samskritha pandithanaaya dindimaye oru samvaadathil paraajayappedutthiyennu ariyappedunnu. kavisarvabhuma" enna padavi nalki srinatha aadarichu. kanakabhisheka" chadangiloode ("thalayil swarnna nanayangal choriyal") rajaavu thante abhinandanam prakadippichu. oru pavapetta manushyanaayi marichenkilum, santhoshakaramaaya jeevitam nayikkukayum raajasabhayile manthrimaarumaayi thulyabandhathil thudarukayum cheythathayi ariyappedunnu.

