
porchugees gitaar

porchugees gitaar allengil porchugees gitaara (,) rund charadukalude aarr kozhsukalilaayi panthrand steel charadukalulla oru string upakaranamaan. ippozhum vaachu-qee allengil preesttan tunerukal upayogikkunna churukkam chila samgeethopakaranangalil onnaanith. fado ennariyappedunna sangeetha vibhagavumaayi ithu pratheekaathmakamaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, ippol porchugeesukaarkku oru chihnamaanu.
charithram.
innu ettavum kooduthal pracharikkunna porchugees gitaar kazhinja noottaandil ganyamaaya saankethika parishkkaranatthinu vidheyamaayi (alavukal, mechanical tuning sisttam muthalaayava).) ithu ore ennam kozhsukal, string tuning, viral saankethikavidya enniva itharathilulla upakaranathinte savisheshathayaayi nilanirtthiyittundengi.
pathimoonnaam noottaand muthal (porchugeesil 'sittol' ennariyappettirunna) troubeder, minstral sarkkilukalilum navothaana kaalaghattatthilum portugalil upayogichathinte thelivukalude adisthaanathil porchugees gitaar madhyakala sittolinte pingamiyaanu, thudakkathil ithu kottara sarkkilukalile prabhukkanmaarkk maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. pinneedu ithu janapriyamaakukayum pathinezhaam noottaandilum pathinettaam noottaandilum theaterukalilum bhakshanashaalakalilum barbershoppukalilum sittarnukal play cheiyunnathinekkurichu paraamarshangal kandethukayum cheythu.
1582-ll, friar philipp dii caverell lisbone sandarshikkukayum athinte achaarangal vivarikkukayum cheythu; sittarninodum mattu samgeethopakaranangalodum porchugees janathaykku undaayirunna snehathekkurichu addeham paraamarsikkunnu. pathinaram noottaandileyum pathinezhaam noottaandileyum videsha samgeethajnjaril ninnulla sittarn samgeethathinte ettavum ariyappedunna pusthakangal adangiya porchugalile joonn naalaaman raajaavinte rajakeeya sangeetha libraryude kaattalog 1649 ll prasidheekarichu, athil kashanangalude sankeernathayum saankethika budhimuttum portugalil uyarnna vaidagdhyamulla kalikkaar undaayirunnuvennu vishwasikkaan namme anuvadikkunnu.
alcobaca aashramathile valia alavukalulla silpamaaya sittarn (c.1680) vaayikkunna maalaakha porchugees gittaarinte nerittulla poorvvikane vishadamaayi chithreekarikkunnu. pathinettaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil, rebairo saanchukalkk (1699-1783) porchugalile garda pattanatthil sitten paadangal undaayirunnu, sent. 1735-ll peettezhsburg.
athe kaalayalavil, sonattakal, minyoottukal muthalaayavayude shekharathe soochippikkunna sittarn upayogikkunnathinulla mattu thelivukalundu. harpsicord allengil gitaar polulla mattu upakaranangalumayi pankittu. pinneedu noottaandil (sii. 1750) engleesh githaar ennu vilikkappedunna oru puthiya tharam sittarn portugalil prathyakshappettu. 1786 aayappozhekkum engleesh luthieraaya simpson nirmmichava valare janapriyamaayi, vishwasaneeyamaaya nikkal-velli charadukalum addehathinu nalkaan kazhiyumennu sradhikkappettu. jarmman, engleesh, scotish, dutch nirmmathaakkal praadeshikamaayi parishkkaricha oru tharam sittarn undaayirunnu, porto nagaratthile puthiya vaanijya boorshwaasikal aaveshathode swaagatham cheyyukayum avar athu housemusic sanbradaayathinte aabhyanthara pashchaathalatthil upayogikkukayum cheythu. ithil "mandabudhikalaaya modinhasukal", "deerghakaalamaayi nilanilkkunna minyoottukal", "risk lundanukal" enniva ulppedunnu, avaye annu vilikkapettu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathode portugalil mattidangalilennapole engleesh gitaar oru prathyeka upakaranamaayi aprathyakshamaayi, ennaal thudarnnulla porchugees gittaaril athinte swaadheenam vaachu-qee tuning sisttam, valuppam, 6 stringukalulla string, tuning ennivayude adisthaanathil kaanaan kazhiyum-chuvadeyulla tuninginu keezhilulla "afinaco naachural" (naachural tuning) nte vivaranam kaanuka. prathyekichum pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyam muthal, munkaala sittarnukalil ninnu vikasippichedutha oru prathyeka upakaranamenna nilayil porchugees gitaar lisbon gaanavumayulla ("fado") anubandha bandhathiloodeyaanu faashanilekku vannath.
sittarayekkurichulla avasaanathe vishadamaaya paramarsham 1858 ll jeey. yill prathyakshappettu.eph. samgeetham eluppamaakki" enna fettisinte pusthakam. porchugees vivarthanathil vividha swabhaavasavisheshathakal (tuningukal, saamoohika padavi, shekharam muthalaayava) vivarikkunna oru glossery ulppedunnu.) akkaalathe sittarn, engleesh gitaar ennivayil ninnu.
kramena simpson roopakalppana porchugees luthiermaar parivartthanam cheythu, vishalamaaya body, neelamulla skeyil neelam, vishalamaaya wiralboard ennivayulla ithu paranna viralbordinekkaal valia aaram upayogichu kooduthal kaikaaryam cheyyavunnathaakki.
porchugees gitaar sooloo samgeethathinum ("gitaradas") oppam steel strung classical gitaarinum ("vayola dii fado") idaykkide double baas allengil gitaar-bassin oppam pankidunna anubandhathinum upayogikkunnu, koodaathe athinte vishalamaaya shekharam palappozhum kacheri haalukalilum lokamembaadumulla classical, loka sangeetha uthsavangalude pashchaathalatthilum avatharippikkunnu.
modalukal.
rund vyathyastha porchugees gitaar modalukalunda lisbova, coimbra.
skeyil neelam (lisbova gittaarukalil 445 millimeter free string neelam, coyambra gittaarukalil 470 millimeter), shareera alavukal, mattu mikacha nirmmaana vishadaamshangal ennivayaanu rund modalukalum thammilulla vyathyaasangal. mothatthil, lisbova modalinekkaal lalithamaaya nirmmaanamaan coimbra model. drishyaparamaayum ettavum vyathirikthamaayum, lisbova model coyambra modalil ninnu eluppathil verthirichariyaan kazhiyum, athinte vishalamaaya soundu board koyambrayude teardrop aakruthiyilulla ("lagrima") rooparekhaykku pakaram tuning mesheene alankarikkunna scroll aabharanavum ("caracol-" natha). lisbova gitaarukal saadhaaranayaayi cheruthum idungiyathumaaya kazhuthu profile upayogikkunnu. shabdaparamaayi, rund modalukalkkum valare vyathyasthamaaya oru swaramundu, avaa oru pradhana second vyathyaasathil tyoon cheythirikkunnu, diyile lisbova model, thilakkamaarnnathum kooduthal anurananathmakavumaaya shabdavum, sii yill irunda swaramulla coyambra modalum. iruvarum thammilulla thiranjeduppu oro kalikkaaranteyum mungananakale aasrayichirikkunnu.
1905 muthal thanne luthiermaar valia porchugees gitaarukal ("gitaaraavo" ennu vilikkunnu, bahuvachanam "gitaros" aanu) nirmmikkukayayirunnu, valare cheria ennathilum parimithamaaya vijaythilum. aduthide, prashastha luthier gilberto grassio oru "gitaaraavo" nirmmichu, athinu pakaram addeham "gittolo" ennu perittu; oru saadhaarana porchugees gitaarinekkaal thaazhnnathum uyarnnathumaaya attathu vishalamaaya timbral shreni anuvadikkunna eee upakaranam.
saankethikavidya.
porchugees gitaar vaayikkaan upayogikkunna saankethikavidyakale charitraparamaayi "figuita", "diddleho" ennu vilikkunnu. "figuita" saankethikavidyayil thallaviralum choonduviralukalum upayogichu maathram kalikkunnathu ulppedunnu, ithu vayola daa terra kalikkaan upayogikkunna saankethikavidyayil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu. "diddleho" saankethikavidya sankeernamaaya bhagangal kalikkunnathinu choonduviralinte mukalilekkum thaazhekkumulla strokkukalil shradha kendreekarikkunnu. porchugees gittaaril charadukalude konil ninnu charadukal edukkunnu, charadukalumaayi maamsam sanbarkkam ozhivaakkunnu. picking handinte upayogikkaatha viralukal shabdabordile "garda-unas" enna shabdarekhaykku thaazheyaan. mikka kalikkaarum swaabhaavika viralthumbukalkku pakaram vividha vasthukkal upayogikkunnu; eee viraladayaalangal ("unhaz") parambaraagathamaayi aamayude shell upayogichaanu nirmmichathu, ennaal innu saadhaaranayaayi nailon allengil plaastik aanu. lisbova "unhaz" saadhaaranayaayi chathuraakrithiyilulla aakruthiyilullathum, coyambra "unhaz" viralthumbile swaabhaavika vakrathe pinthudarunnathumaanu.
fado mayor, fado menor", "fado moureriya" ennivayaanu saankethika adisthaanangal. thudarnnu oraal "trinado" (oru triple alankaaram), slideukal, vyakthigatha charadukal (oru kozhsil randinupakaram), ragam alankarikkunnathinu theevramaaya swabhaavasavisheshathayulla vibratto ennivayil praaveenyam nedunnu. avasaanamaayi, "fados" ennathinu purame, parambaraagatha vertuosic kashanangalund-"fado loops", "variacos" emm "reey mener", "laa mener", "mii mener", "sii mener"."
oru nalla "gitaarista" nuu "faadista" abhyarthicha eathenkilum keeyil irunooriladhikam staanderd "fado" kalil noorennamenkilum ariyanam.
lisbo.
lisbova shailiyilulla vaayanam parambaraagathamaayi gitaara dii lisbova upayogikkunnu, ennaal innu lisbova tuninginu anuyojyamaaya reethiyil gitaara dii coyambra tyoon cheytha samgeethajnjare kaanunnath kooduthal saadhaaranamaanu. lisbon phadoicoppam "gitaarista" aamukham vaayikkunnu, parambaraagathamaayi swara raagathinte randaam pakuthiye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, thudarnnu mukalil vivaricha saankethikavidyakalkkum oru sangeetha kooll-aandu-responsil "faadisttayude" vaakyangalkk utharam nalkunna hraswa avishkaara shailikalkkum idayil marimari vaayikkunnu. faadisttayude" paattinmel ottaykku paadunnathu ulppede, vegathayeriya "faadosil" "gitaara" palappozhum ellaayidathum sadgunaparamaayi mechappeduthunnu.
coyambra.
arter carlos paredas janapriyamaakkiya coimbra kaliyude shaili, charitraparamaaya yooniversitti dii coimbrayile sarvakalashaala vidyaarthikalil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath. purusha vidyaarthikalum birudadhaarikalum parambaraagathamaayi raathriyil oru coyambra fado allengil oru sthriye pranayikkunnathinayi "serenate" (serenade) kalikkum.
oru gaayakante vaakyangal thammilulla vidavu nikathunnathinupakaram, coyambra fadoyil, "gitaara" acoostic gitaarinoppam cordell anubandham vaayikkunnu. vegathayeriyathum saankethikamaayi kooduthal velluvili niranjathumaaya lisbon fadoic vipareethamaayi, "gitaarista" thallaviral upayogichu oru daunstrokku play cheiyunnu, thudarnnu ellah charadukalilum oru uruttiya coord kalikkunnu, athu choonduviral thallaviralin munnil cross cheythukondu avasaanikkunnu. kalikkunna nirddishta coyambra faadoyude samaya chinnathinu anuyojyamaaya reethiyil eee paatten eluppathil parishkkarikkam.
sradheyaraaya kalakaaranmaar.
1891-ll janicha armandinho, lisbanile ettavum swaadheenamulla gitaar vaadakariloraalaayi maari, vaividhyangaludeyum "faadosinteyum" vishalamaaya shekharam avasheshichu. lalithamaaya plock cheytha cordukalude upayogathekkaal "fado" enna thaalathil "gitaara" vaayikkunnathinulla randaamathe solooyist sameepanam janapriyamaakkiyathinte bahumati addehathinundu. jaim santos, raul nerry, jose noons, carlos gonsalves, fontus rocha thudangiya mattu gitaaristukalum armandinjoyude paatha pinthudarnnu. 1899ll janicha arter pareds coyambra nagaratthile oru pradhana kalikkaranayirunnu. innathe coyambra gitaar savisheshathakalil palathum praadeshika loodhiyarmaarumaayulla addehathinte sanbarkkathil ninnu kandethanakum. addehathinte makan callos pareds oru prathibhadhanan valia janapreeti nedukayum anthaaraashtrathalathil ettavum ariyappedunna porchugees gitaar vaadakanaayi maarukayum cheythu. porchugees gittaarile addehathinte rachanakal "fado" samgeethathil upakaranathinte parambaraagatha upayogathinappuram addehathinu (upakaranathinum) naadodi allengil praadeshika samgeethathinu mukalilulla padavi nalkunnu. pedro caldaira cabrell, antonio chainho, ricardo rocha, poulo sooras, yuvathalamurayile mattu niravadhi gusthikkarum gitaar vadakarum polulla niravadhi mikacha sangeethanjjar eee sooloostik paarambaryam innum pinthudarunnu. porchugees gitaarinum oorkkastraykkumulla aadyathe concerto fernando lappa rachichu, 2003 ll poulo sooras coimbrayile gill visent thiyettaril coimbra orkkastrayumaayi chernnu pradharshippichu. porchugees gitaarinum oorkkastraykkumaayi pedro henriques daa silva thante samgeethasamvidhaanam rachichu, 2017 desember 5 nuu staattphord-appon-eavanile stratford arts hausil swaante oorkkastraykkoppam ithu pradharshippichu.
lisbovayile niravadhi pramukha gitaaristukal-marrio pacheco, luis guerraero, jose maanuval netto, henrique leettaavo, bruno shaveiro, poulo dii kaastro, ricardo martins, custodio castello-ippol ooskaar cardoso "gitaaraas" upayogikkunnu, ithu "gitaara" yude pinbhaagathu oru kattaveyude asaadhaaranamaaya naveekaranavum lisbova tuningullathum coyambra string neelavum avatharippikkunnu. eee kalakaaranmaarude naipunyam "fado" yude shabdathe samoolamaayi maattimarichu, avarude vegatha asaadhaaranamaanu. rocha valare avant-gaard kashanagal rachichittundu, koodaathe pacheko, castello, martin ennivayude yadhaartha "gitaarraadakal" lisbovayil saadhaarana shekharamaayi mariyirikkunnu, kaaranam sorukalude kashanagal koyambrayil aayi. ettavum purogamicha kalikkaar carlos paredasinte chila budhimuttulla jolikal padikkum. maartha perera daa koosta aadyathe vanita guttaristaayi praadhaanyam nedi." 
porchugees samgeethathinu purathu.
naadodi punarujjeevanathetthudarnna porchugees gitaar celtic, paashchaathya naadodi samgeethathil oru cheria punk vahichu. 1970kalil planxy baandile andy irvin oru parishkaricha porchugees gitaar vaayikkunnu. britiish luthier steefaan sobel 1970 kalude thudakkathil thaan chila varshangalkk munbu leads upayogicha kadayil ninnu vangiya porchugees gittaarine adisthaanamaakki aadhunika sittarn srishtichu.
brad shepic ulppede niravadhi jaas sangeethanjjar porchugees gitaar upayogichu record cheythittundu.
porchugees gitaar sann kilmooninte aadya aalbamaaya "goosts oof dhaa grettu haiway" yill pradhanamaayi avatharippikkunnu.
dhaa yess aalbam" (1971), "goying phoor dhaa vann" (1977), "onpathu shabdangal (longwaker)", "ivide ninnu parakkuka" (2011), "svarggathil ninnu kayaruka" (2014), "anweshanathil ninnu" "sahodari urangunna aathmaav" (2021) ennee gaanangalil britiish gitaarist steevu hove oru porchugees gitaar vaayikkunnu.
britiish samgeethajnjanaaya kriss hirst porchugees gittaaril fado vaayikkukayum thante group kwaathraapandalinoppam samakaalika samgeethathinaayi ithu upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. ithu fadoyil ninnum porchugees grouppaaya madrediasil ninnum swaadheenam cheluthunnu, pakshe ithu shaasthreeya samgeethavumaayum mattu gadakangalumaayum kalarthunnu.
porchugees gitaar nirmmathaakkal.
parambaraagatha karakaushalavidya anusarichu niravadhi porchugees gitaar nirmmathaakkal ippozhum gitaarukal nirmmikkunnu. pala kudumbangalum thalamurakalayi thangalude arivu kaimariyittundu.
ettavum sradheyamaaya allengil gitaar nirmmaathaakkalil grassio kudumbam, alvarro ferreira, tavares kudumbam (ippol torrento kaanadayil thaamasikkunnu), cardoso kudumbam-prathyekichu ooskaar cardoso (avarude gitaarakal sameepakaala pusthakatthinte vishayamaan), antonio gura, domingos machado, fernando mairless, antonio montairo, domingos serkware enniva ulppedunnu. eee upakaranangal kandethaan valare budhimuttaanengilum valare chelaveriyavayaanenkilum, grashio kudumbatthinteyum alvarro ferreira upakaranangal gunanilavaaratthinte kaaryatthil ettavum unnathiyayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
europile ettavum valia upakaranangalilonnaya antonio pinttoo dii carvelhoyude eiii. pii. sii. luthieri aayirakkanakkin parambaraagatha porchugees charadukalude upakaranangal nirmmikkunnu.
tuning.
porchugees gittaaril pradhaanamaayum upayogikkunna tuningine charitraparamaayi "afinaco doow fado" allengil "afinaco doow fado corrido" ennu vilichirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil ithu vikasippicheduthirikkam, kaaranam noottaandinte madhyathode lisbaninte "faadisttakal" ithu pradhaanamaayum sweekarichu. kalikkaar swaabhaavika tuninginte upayogam kurachathode (chuvade kaanuka), eee tuningine "afinaco dii lisbova" ennu vilikkaan thudangi, uyarnna tyoon cheyyumbol, dii, allengil "afinaco dii coyambra", kuranja tyoon cheyyumbol, sii; ithu mikka lisbone fado kalikkaar avarude gitaarukal dii tyoon cheyyumbol, koyambrayil vidyaarthikal avarude gitaarukal sii staanderd praakteesaayi tyoon cheythu enna vasthuthayil ninnaan, pradhaanamaayum arter paredukalude swaadheenathiloodeyaanu. ennirunnaalum, tuninginte rund vyathiyanangal thammilulla pichile vyathyasam pariganikkathe, praayogikamaayi, randaamathethu ippozhum aadyathethinte ooral kanvenshanukal upayogikkunnu, kaaranam "duu/sii" yeei "ree/dii" ennum "eiii dii" yeei "mii/iii" ennum vilikkunnu.kalikkaar (pradhaanamaayum oru coyambra tyoon cheytha porchugees gitaar oru bii-phlait kaahalathinu samanamaaya oru transposing upakaranamakki maattunnu, athil oru nottu nottu namam kondu paraamarsikkunnu, kacheri-pitch kanvenshanukal upayogikkunna nottu naamathekkaal oru padi kooduthalaanu).
pathinettaam noottaandile engleesh gittaaril ninnu paarambaryamaayi labhicha swaabhaavika tuning irupathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthi vare valare pathivayi upayogichirunnu, pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil chila kalikkaar munpathethinekkaal munpathethinekkaal munganana nalki; ithu sick pakaram iyil tyoon cheyyappettu, kaaranam ithu randum upayogicha kalikkarkkulla "fado" tuning thammilulla maattam lalithamaakki. afinaco daa moureriya" ennum ariyappedunna "afinaco naachural coom 4eiii" allengil "afinaco naachural mener" ennum ariyappedunna "afinaco dii jovo dii dues" polulla eee tuninginte chila vyathiyaanangalum sweekarichu. swaabhaavika tuning athinte vyathiyaanangalum pathittaandukalaayi praayogikamallaathavayaanu.
notteshan.
porchugees gittaarin porchugees gitaar tablechar, sheett music treble allengil randinteyum samyojanam enniva upayogikkaam. diddleho" saankethikatha soochi viralinte daunstrokku allengil upstrockinu anuyojyamaaya onniladhikam nottukalkku mukalilekkum thaazhekkumulla ambukal upayogichu rekhappeduthunnu. oru "aii" ennathu choonduviral allengil "indicader" upayogichu oru strockine soochippikkaan upayogikkunnu, koodaathe oru "pii" ennathu thallaviralino allengil "poulger" noow upayogikkunnu. madhyaviral apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkunnulloovenkum "media" ennathinu "emm" ennu rekhappeduthiyittundu.
sheett myoosikkaayi ezhuthiya niravadhi vertuosic coyambra kashanagal oraalkk kandethaan kazhiyumenkilum, "fados" saadhaaranayaayi mechappeduthukayum oru nalla "gitaarista" vaayikkaan samgeetham aavasyamilla. oro nirddishta "fado" yilekkum coord purogathi padicha "gitaarista" swathasidhamaayi manassilakkanam, ithu "faadista" yodu prathikarikkunnathil mechappeduthal eluppamaakkunnu. parambaraagathamaayi oru koottatthil kooduthal noothanamaaya "gitaarista" yodoppam kalikkunna yuvatharangal eee vaidagdhyam nediyittundengilum, 2000 kalude thudakkathil maathramaan likhitha pathippinoppam mechappeduthal shaili aupachaarikamaayi padippikkunnathinaayi aadyathe "fado" school sthaapithamaayathu.

