
domino sidhaantham

oru rajyath janadhipathyam vardhikkukayo kurayukayo cheiyunnathu domino phalatthil ayal raajyangalilekku vyaapikkunnuvenn prasthaavikkunna oru bhoumaraashtreeya sidhaanthamaanu domino sidhaantham. 1950 muthal 1980 vare sheethayudhathinte pashchaathalatthil amerikkayil ithu pradhanamaayirunnu, oru mekhalayile oru raajyam kammyoonisathinte swaadheenathil vannal chuttumulla raajyangalum athu pinthudarumennu ithu soochippikkunnu. sheethayudhakaalathu thudarchayaaya yunaittad stetts bharanakoodangal american edapedalinu (rashtreeya aswasthathayundaakki, nethaakkale sthaanabhrashtaraakki, attimari nadatthi, kolapathakangal, bombakramanam, akramanangal muthalaayava vazhi lakshyamidunna rajyangal/pradeshangal asthirappeduthuka) nyaayeekaranamaayi ithu upayogichu.) lokamembaadum. muun yuu.ezz. president dwait dii. 1954 epril 7 nuu oru warta sammelanathil indochine kammyoonisathe paraamarshikkumbol isenhover eee sidhaanthathe inipparayunna reethiyil vivarichu
koodaathe, eshyayile domino sidhaanthathilulla isenhoverinte aazhathilulla vishwaasam "chainees communist party 1949 leeii vijayam, 1950 juun uthara corian adhinivesham, 1954 leeii kwemoy offshore dweep prathisandhi, indocheniyayile samgharsham enniva ulppedeyulla bahumukha sambhavangal kaaranam" bahuraashtravaadam pinthudarunnathinu americaykku anubhavappedunna chelavu "uyarthi, onno rando raajyangalkk mathramalla, muzhuvan eshyan bhookhandathinum pasafikkinum vishalamaaya velluviliyaanu."ithu communist niyanthranathinu keezhadanganulla sakthamaaya kaanthikashakthiye soochippikkunnu, koodaathe general dougless mccartherinte abhiprayavumaayi yojikkunnu" "vijayam kizhakk sakthamaaya kaanthikamaan"."
charithram.
1945ll soviyatt union randaam lokamahaayudhaananthara puthiya othutheerppinte bhaagamaayi kizhakkan europileyum madhya europileyum mikka rajyangaleyum athinte swaadheenathilekku konduvannu, ithu 1946ll misouriyile fultonile westminstar collegil nadanna prasamgatthil vinsttan charchiline prakhyaapichu
1946leeii iraan prathisandhiyethudarnnu haari ezz. 1947ll truman sidhaantham ennariyappettirunna truman, aabhyantharayudhasamayathu greak gavanmentinum randaam lokamahaayudhathetthudarnna tarkkiykkum saambathika sahayam nalkumennu vaagdaanam cheythu, ithu padinjaaran europilekkulla kammyoonisathinte purogathiye thadassappeduthumenna pratheekshayil. aaa varsham thanne nayathanthranjanaaya jorjju kennan "forin afayezhs" maasikayil "ex article" ennariyappetta oru lekhanam ezhuthi, athu aadyam niyanthrana nayam vyakthamaakkukayum, yuu. ezz. ezz. aarinu chuttumulla "buffer soninu" purathulla raajyangalilekku communism kooduthal vyaapikkunnath, athu janaadhipathya thiranjeduppukaliloode sambhavichaalum, asweekaaryavum ningalkk bheeshaniyumaanennu vaadikkukayum cheythu.ezz. deseeya suraksha. padinjaaran europile raajyangalkk (greasin turkic oppam) sahayam nalkunnathinaayi 1947ll aarambhicha marshell plan srishtikkunnathil truman bharanakoodatthile mattullavarodoppam kennan ulppettirunnu, avaye soviyatt aadhipathyathin keezhil veezhaathirikkaan valia thothil pratheekshichirunnu.
1949ll maavo sedonginte neethrthwathilulla communist pinthunayulla oru sarkkar chainayil sthaapikkappettu (audyogikamaayi peeples republic oof chainayayi maari). chainees aabhyantharayudhathinu sesham (1927-1949) peeples liberation armi chainayile deseeya republican sarkkaarine paraajayappedutthiyathinu sheshamaan puthiya sarkkar sthaapikkappettathu. rund chainakal roopeekarikkappettu-pradhana bhoopradesam 'communist chaina' (peeples republic oof chaina), 'deseeyavaada chaina' taiwan (republic oof chaina). lokathile ettavum janasamkhyayulla rajyamaaya chaina kammyoonistukaar etteduthathu padinjaaru valia thanthraparamaaya nashtamaayi kaanapettu, ithu akkaalathe janakeeya chodyathinu kaaranamaayi, "aarkkaan chaina nashtamaayath?"1949ll communist pidichadakkiyathinu marupadiyaayi puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya peeples republic oof chainayumaayulla nayatantra bandham america pinneedu avasaanippichu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathil korea bhaagikamaayi soviyatt aadhipathyathin keezhil veenu, 38-aamm samaantharathinte thekk ninnu vibhajikkapettu.ezz. sainyam pinneedu akathekku neengi. 1948 aayappozhekkum soviyatt union yuu. esum thammilulla sheethayudhathinte falamaayi.ezz.koriaye rund mekhalakalaayi vibhajichu, oororutharum koriyayude niyamaanusritha sarkkaaraanenn avakaashappedunna vyathyastha sarkkarukalullathum irupakshavum athirthi sthiramaayi amgeekarikkunnumilla. 1950ll kammyoonistukaarum republicanmaarum thammil yuddham pottipurappettu, athil taamasiyaathe chainayil ninnulla sainyavum (kammyoonistukalude bhaagathuninnu) america 15 sakhyaraajyangalum (republicanmaarude bhaagathuninnu) ulppettu. corian samgharsham audyogikamaayi avasaanichittillenkilum, 1953ll koriaye uthara korea, dakshina korea enningane rund rajyangalaayi vibhajicha oru vedinirthal karaarumaayi corian yuddham avasaanichu. yuu yeei neridaanulla maavo sedonginte theerumaanam.ezz. chainees aabhyantharayudhathil vijayichathinusheshavum chainees communist bharanakoodam swantham adikaaram shakthippeduthikkondu oru samayat lokathile ettavum sakthamaaya communist virudha shakthiyaayi communist block kandathine neridaan nadatthiya oru nerittulla sramamaayirunnu corian yudhathil.
domino sidhaantham nirddeshicha aadya vyakthi president haari ezz aayirunnu. 1940kalil truman, "greasin turkic sainika sahayam ayaykkunnath nyaayeekarikkunnathinaayi" eee sidhaantham avatharippichu.ennirunnaalum, domino sidhaantham president dwait dii. janapriyamakki. thekkukizhakkan eshyayil, prathyekichu thekkan viyatnaamil isenhover ithu prayogichu. koodaathe, vietnaam yudhathil american sainika edapedal vardhikkunnathine nyaayeekarikkan 1960 kalil kennady, jonson bharanakoodangalile pradhana vaadangalilonnaayi domino sidhaantham upayogichu." 
1954 meyy maasathil communistum desheeyavaadiyumaaya oru sainyamaaya viyatt miin, daine biyan phu yudhathil franch sainyathe paraajayappedutthukayum vadakkan viyatnaaminte niyanthranam ettedukkukayum cheythu. ithu franchukaar neratthe aarambhicha franch indochina ennariyappettirunna eee mekhalayil ninnu poornnamaayum pinmaran kaaranamaayi. 1954 leeii janeeva konfaransil aadyathe indochenia yuddham avasaanippikkunnathinaayi oru karar undaakkiyathin sesham eee pradeshangale naalu swatantra rajyangalaayi (vadakkan vietnaam, thekkan vietnaam, cambodia, lavos) vibhajichu.
ithu avarkk bhoomishaasthraparavum saambathikavumaaya thanthraparamaaya nettam nalkukayum jappan, taiwan, phillippines, austreliya, nyoosiland ennivaye munnira prathirodha rajyangalaayi maattukayum cheyyum. jappan polulla raajyangalude supradhana praadeshika vyapara mekhalaykkullile parambaraagathamaayi pradeshangalude nashtam munnira raajyangale communisavumaayi raashtreeyamaayi vittuveezhcha cheyyaan prolsaahippikkum.
1954 leeii isenhoverinte domino sidhaantham akkaalathe thekkukizhakkan eshyayile saahacharyangaleyum saahacharyangaleyum kurichulla oru prathyeka vivaranamaayirunnu, mattullavar pinneedu cheythathupole addeham oru saamaanyavalkkaricha domino sidhaantham nirddeshichilla.
1963leeii venalkkaalath, thekkan viyatnaamile daim gavanmentinte keezhil thangalkk labhikkuna kadinamaaya perumaattathekkurichu budhamathakkaar prathishedhichu. thekkan vietnaamees sarkkaarinte atharam nadapadikal president deyimine kenneddy bharanakoodatthinte sakthamaaya pinthuna budhimuttaakki. thekkukizhakkan eshyayile kammyoonisathe niyantrikkaan sramikkunna president kenneddy oru durbalamaaya nilayilaayirunnu, ennaal maruvashathu, aabhyanthara pouranmaarkkidayil janapriyamallaathathum american pothujanangale aakshepikkunna pravarthanangalil kuttakkaranumaaya oru communist virudha sarkkaarine pinthunachu. 1960 kalude thudakkathil kennidi bharanakoodam mattu kaaranangalkkoppam, thekkan vietnaamees "domino" veezhaathirikkaan viyatnaamil edapettu. kenneddy adhikaarathil vannappol lavosile communist neethrthwathilulla patheth lavo viyatt konginu adithara nalkumennum oduvil avarkk lavos ettedukkaanaakumennum aashankayundaayirunnu.
domino sidhaanthathinu anukoolamaaya vaadangal.
1975ll vietnaam communist etteduthathinethudarnnu moonnu thekkukizhakkan eshyan rajyangalil communist bharanam vyaapichathaan domino sidhaanthathinte praadhamika thelivu thekkan vietnaam (viyatt kong), lavos (paatthett lavo), cambodia (khemar rooj). 1950kalkk munbu vietnaam pidichadakkunnathu avasaanippikkunnathinumbu thekkukizhakkan eshyayil communist prachaaranangal vijayichillennu vadikkam. malaysian adiyantharaavastha, philippainsile hookbalhap kalapam, 1950kalude avasaanam muthal 1967ll sthaanabhrashtanaakkareppedunna indoneshyayile sukarno kammyoonistukaarumaayi vardhichuvarunna edapedal ennivayellaam shradhikkuka. ivayellaam thekkukizhakkan eshyan rajyangal pidichedukkaanulla communist shramangalaayirunnu, communist sakthikal viyatnaamil shradha kendreekarikkumbozhum athu sthambhichu.
walt vitmaan rostoyum annathe singapur pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna liie kuwan yooyum yuu.ezz. eshyan raajyangalkk saambathika valarchaye ekeekarikkunnathinum athil earppedunnathinum samayam nalkikkond indochine edapedal vishalamaaya domino prabhavam thadanju. 1975ll president jerald foord, henry kissinger ennivarumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthiya liie kuwan yuu "yuu. esil oru pravanathayundu" ennu vaadichu.ezz. kongras thozhilavasarangal kayattumathi cheyyaan agrahikkunnilla. ennaal communism avasaanippikkanamenkil namukk jolikal labhikkanam. lalithamaaya vaidagdhyamulla thozhilaallikalil ninnu kooduthal sankeernamaaya thozhilaallikalilekku neengiyaanu njangal athu cheythath. njangal eee prakriya nirthukayaanenkil, athu ningalkk sahaayathode nannakkaan kazhiyunnathinekkaal kooduthal dosham cheyyum. thekkukizhakkan eshyayil ninnulla irakkumathi nirtharuthu."
1950kalilum 1960 kalude thudakkathilum domino efakttinte saadhyathakal uyarnnathaanengilum 1965 ll indoneshyan vamshahathyayil deth schwadukal vazhi indoneshyan communist party nasippikkappettappol durbalamaayennu mcjorge bundy vaadichu. ennirunnaalum, niyanthranathinulla sramangal (athaayath.iii.domino sidhaantham) aathyanthikamayi soviyatt yooniyante pathanatthilekkum sheethayudhathinte avasaanathilekkum nayichu.
domino sidhaantham ekadesham krithyamaanennu thaan vishwasikkunnuvennu bhaashaavidagdhanum rashtreeya saidhaanthikanumaaya noom chomsky ezhuthi, bheeshaniyekkurichu kooduthal kriyathmakamaaya oru thirinjunokkiyal, communist, soshyalist prasthaanangal daridra rajyangalil janapriyamaayitheernnathil avar adikaaram ettedutha rajyangalil saambathika mechappeduthalukal konduvannuvennu ezhuthi. ekkaaranathaal, addeham ezhuthi, yuu.ezz. chili, vietnaam, nirgagwa, lavos, grenada, ell salvador, gwatimala thudangiya sthalangalile "janakeeya prasthaanangal" ennu vilikkappedunnavaye adichamarthaan valareyadhikam sramikkuka. "oru raajyam ethra durbalav daridravumaanenkil, athu athratholam apakadakaramaanu. grenada polulla oru cheria, daridra raajyathin janangalkk mechappetta jeevitam nalkunnathil vijayikkaan kazhiyumenkil, kooduthal vibhavangalulla mattethenkilum sthalam chodikkum, 'enthukondu njangalkk kazhiyilla?'chomsky ithine" "oru nalla udaaharanathinte bheeshani" "ennaanu visheshippikkunnathu".
domino sidhaanthathe pinthunaykkunna chilar ayalraajyangalile communist viplavakaarikalkk sahayam nalkunna communist gavanmentukalude charithram shradhikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, chaina viyatt mininum pinneedu vadakkan vietnaamees sainyathinum sainyavum saadhanangalum nalkukayum soviyatt union avarkk taankukalum kanatha aayudangalum nalkukayum cheythu. patthettu lavo khemar roog yadhaarthathil viyattminninte bhaagamaayirunnu enna vastutha, viyatt kongumaayi chernnu iruvarkkum hanoi nalkia pinthuna paraamarsikkendathilla, eee sidhaanthathinu vishwaasyatha nalkunnu. indoneshyayile maarganirdeshitha janaadhipathyathinte kaalam muthal, prathyekichu 1958leeii sumatrayile aabhyantharayudhasamayathum athinusheshavum soviyatt union sucarnoic sainika saamagrikalum upadeshtaakkalum nalki.
domino sidhaanthathe vimarshikkunna vaadangal.
1995 leeii vasanthakaalath, domino sidhaantham oru thettaanenn thaan vishwasikkunnuvennu muun us prathirodha sekrattari roobert mcnamara paranju. amerikkayil thamasikkunna videsha vietnaamees professor tran chung engock paranju "americaye doshakaramaayi badhikkunna onnum cheyyaan kazhivillaatha cheruthum daridravum avikasithavumaya rajyamaaya viyatnaamil edapedaan americaykku nyayamaaya kaaranamonnumilla. athinaal, pothujanabhipraayavum anthaaraashtra niyamavum pariganikkathe viyatnaamil amerikkayude edapedal "neethikku mail adikaaram upayogikkuka" aanu, america aagrahikkunna evideyum edapedaan svayam avakaashappedunnu."
domino sidhaanthathinte praadhaanyam.
domino sidhaantham praadhaanyamarhikkunnu, kaaranam ithu sakhyangalude praadhaanyathinu adivarayidunnu, ithu dushicha sakhyangal muthal ubhaykakshi sakhyangal vare vyathyaasappedaam. oru prathyeka pradeshathinullile mattu raajyangalude oru koottam ulppede mattullavarumayi sakhyamundakkaanulla oru raajyathinte uddeshyavum uddeshyavum vilayiruthunnathin domino sidhaantham upayogapradamaanennu ithu soochippikkunnu. oro rajyathinum uddeshyavum uddeshyavum vyathyasthamaayirikkaame, america kizhakkan eshyayile raajyangalum thammilulla asamathwamulla ubhaykakshi sakhyathe oru thanthraparamaaya sameepanamaayi victoor chaa chithreekarikkunnu, avide amerikkayude niyanthranatthilum sakhyakakshikale aninirathaano sthirappeduthaano adhikaaramund. republic oof korea, republic oof chaina, jappan ennivayumaayi america asamamaya ubhaykakshi sakhyangal srishtichathu engane ennathine pinthunaykkunnu, "saahasika perumaattatthil earppedunnathil ninnu saadhyathayulla 'dushta sakhyangale' niyanthrikkuka mathramalla, athu valia sainika aakasmikathayilekku nayikkukayo allengil eshyan rajyangal kammyoonisathilekk veezhumbol oru domino ephakt undaakkukayo cheyyum.dushicha sakhyangalude velluviliyum dominokal veezhumenna bheeshaniyum samyojippichu americaykku bhayankaramaaya oru entraapment sahacharyam srishtikkunnathinaayi america poraadi" ennathinaal, domino sidhaantham anthaaraashtra bandhangalil ubhaykakshi sakhyangalude praadhaanyatthe kooduthal adivarayidunnu. taiwan, dakshina korea, jappan ennivayulppedeyulla eshyan rajyangalumaayi "shakti upayogikkaanulla avarude kazhivine niyanthrikkunnathinum americaye bhouthikavum raashtreeyavumaaya aashrithathvam valarthunnathinumaayi" aazhathilullathum karsanavumaaya ubhaykakshi sakhyangalude oru parambara roopeekarichukondu domino sidhaantham americaykku oru sakhya sameepanam nalkiyathil ithu vyakthamaan.athinaal, anthaaraashtra bandhangalkkullile oru chuvaduveppaayo thadassathilo aayi vyaja sakhyangalude phalam nireekshikkaan domino sidhaantham sahaayikkunnuvenn ithu soochippikkunnu. oru raajyam kammyoonisathilekk veezhunnathinte munkaala praabalyathode thakarnnuveezhunnath mattu raajyangalkk prathikoola phalangal undaakkuka mathramalla, athilum pradhanamaayi, oraalude theerumaanamedukkal vyaapthiyilum varthamaanakaalatheyum bhaviyileyum velluvilikale marikadakkaanulla kazhivilum ithu adivarayidunnu. athinaal, domino sidhaantham nirvivaadamaayum micro-cose macro-anantharafalavum thammilulla adutha bandhathe kaikaaryam cheiyunna oru pradhana sidhaanthamaanu, atharam macro-anantharafalangal deerghakaala prathyaaghaathangalkku kaaranamaakumenn ithu soochippikkunnu.
thekkukizhakkan eshyaykku purathulla kamyoonisathilekkulla prayogangal.
domino sidhaantham praadeshikamaayi paraajayappettenkilum 1970kalil benin, ethiopia, ginia-bisavu, madagaskar, cape verde, mosambik, angola, afgaanisthaan, grenada, nikkargwa ennividangalil communist allengil soshyalist bharanakoodangal adhikaarathil vannappol oru aagola tharamgam undaayi ennu maikkal lind vaadichu. domino efakttinte aagola vyaakhyaanam sidhaanthathinte "anthass" vyaakhyaanathe valareyadhikam aasrayikkunnu, athaayath chila raajyangalile communist viplavangalude vijayam, mattu raajyangalile viplava shakthikalkk bhauthika pinthuna nalkiyillengilum, manoveeryam, vaachaadopa pinthuna enniva sambhavana cheythu.
eee damaniyil, arjanteenan viplavakariyaaya cheey guvera 1967-ll "trikondinentalilekkula sandesham" enna peril "rund, moonnu" ennu ahvaanam cheyth oru lekhanam ezhuthi... lokamembaadum niravadhi vietnaam. charitrakaaranaaya maiks boot ezhuthi, "1970 kalude avasaanathil, amerikkayude sathrukkal mosambik muthal iraan vare nirgagwa vareyulla rajyangalil adikaaram pidichedutthu. ss "mayagus" (kambodiyayil ninnu), tehran ennividangalil american bandikale pidikoodi. soviyatt sainyam afgaanisthaan aakramichu. vietnaam yudhavumaayi vyakthamaaya bandhamillengilum oru mahaashakthiyude parajayam nammude shathrukkale avar madikkaanidayulla akramanangal nadatthaan prothsaahippichuvennathil samshayamilla."
koodaathe, 1960-kalinum 1980-kalinum idayil communist sarkkaarukalude bhagika dhanasahaayathode padinjaaran europil idathupaksha theevravaada grouppukal vardhichuvarunna theevravaada sambhavangaliloode eee sidhaantham kooduthal shakthippeduthaanaakum. italiyil, muun itaaliyan pradhaanamantri aldo moro thattikkondupokukayum vadikkukayum cheythathum muun us brigadier general jaims ell. yeei thattikkondupoyathum ithil ulppedunnu. dasier, chuvanna brigedukal.
padinjaaran germmaniyil, redu armi vibhaagathinte theevravaada pravartthanangalum ithil ulppedunnu. vidoora kizhakk japanese redu armi samanamaaya pravartthanangal nadatthi. naalu perum mattullavarum vividha arab, palasteen theevravaadikalumaayi pravarthichu, avarkk redu brigedukaleppole soviyatt blokkinte pinthunayundaayirunnu.
1977leeii phrost/nixon abhimukhangalil, domino sidhaanthathinte adisthaanathil chiliyile salvador alande bharanakoodatthe america asthirappeduthunnathine richard nixon prathirodhichu. thaan ketta oru roopakathilninnu kadamedutha addeham, oru communist chilyum cuba thammil laattin americaye bandhippikkaan kazhiyunna oru "chuvanna sandwich" srishtikkumennu prasthaavichu. 1980kalil, madhya amerikkayilum caribean mekhalayilum reegan bharanakoodatthinte edapedalukale nyaayeekarikkan domino sidhaantham veendum upayogichu.
muun rodatian pradhaanamantri iyaan smith thante ormmakkurippukalil, kolanivalkkarana samayat sub-saharan aafrikkayil svechaadhipathya idathupaksha sarkkaarukalude thudarchayaaya uyarchaye "kammyoonistukaarude domino thanthram" ennu visheshippichu. tansaniayilum (<aii. dii. 1>) sambiayilum (1964) communist anukoola sarkkaarukalum angola (1975), mosambik (1975), oduvil rodeshyayilum (1980) maarksist-leninist sarkkaarukalum sthaapichathu "bhookhandathil soviyatt saamraajyathvathinte kapadamaaya kayyettatthinte" thelivaayi smith udharikkunnu.
mattu aaplikkeshanukal.
american aikyanaadukalile chila videsanaya vishakalana vidagdhar middle eesttil islaamika daivathanthrathinteyum udara janaadhipathyathinteyum vyaapanathe oru domino sidhaanthathinte rund vyathyastha saadhyathakalaayi paraamarshichittundu. iraan-iraakh yudhasamayathu america mattu paashchaathya raajyangalum eee mekhalayiludaneelam iraante theevramathavishwaasam vyaapikkumenn bhayann baathist iraakhine pinthunachu. 2003leeii iraakh adhiniveshathil, oru janaadhipathya sarkkar nadappaakkumbol, athu middle eesttiludaneelam janadhipathyavum udaaravaadavum pracharippikkan sahaayikkumenn chila navasarvaathikal vaadichu. paashchaathya janaadhipathya rajyangal athinte phalangal negatteevu allah, positteev aayi kanakkakkunnathinaal ithine "reverse domino sidhaantham" allengil "demookratik domino sidhaantham" ennu vilikkunnu.

