
hypophontaality

thalachorinte prefrondal courtexile cerebral rakthayottam (cbf) kurayunna avasthayaanu hypophrontality. schisophrenia, attanshan dephisit hyper aaktivitti desorder (adhd), bipolar desorder, mejar depression desorder thudangi niravadhi neurological medical avasthakalude lakshanamaan hypophrontality. schisophrenia baadhichavarude thalachorine chithreekarikkaan 32 dittaktarukalulla senon raktapravaaha saankethikavidya upayogichukondu 1974 ll ingwar franson chernnaanu eee avastha aadyam vivarichathu. fluorodioxiglucos (18eph-efdiji) tracer upayogichu poositroon emission tomography mechappetta speshyal resolution upayogichu thudarnnulla padanangalil eee kandethal sthireekarichu.
prefrondal sii. bii. ephile kuravu prefrondal courtexinte medial, laattaral, oorbittal bhaagangalil praadeshikavalkkariknupne thudarnnulla neuro imaging pravartthanangal theliyichittundu. hypophrontality schisophreniayude negatteevu lakshanangalkk kaaranamaakumenn karuthappedunnu.
nirvachanam.
prefrondal courtexile glucosinteyum rakthapravaahathinteyum upayogam kurayunnathu ennu nirvachikkappedunna niravadhi neurological rogangalude lakshanamaan hypophrontality. vishramikkunna saahacharyangalil hypophrontality kandethuka budhimuttaanengilum vaijnjaanika velluvilikalkk keezhil, ithu memory kammi, executive function kammi ennivayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. hypophrontality norpinefrine transmission vardhikkunnathum frondall courtexile dopamine ephlex kurayunnathinoppam dopaminergic transmission kurayunnathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
professional athlattukalum samgeethajnjarum anubavikkunna 'phloo' avasthayumaayi bandhappettirikkunna 'traansiyant hypophrontality'-pfcyilekkulla rakthayottam kurayunna hraswakaala kaalayalav-vyakthamaaya command sisttam vishramikkukayum avyakthamaaya command systethe thadassamillaathe pravartthikkaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnuvennu mattullavar abhipraayappettittund.
anubandha medical avasthakal.
hypophrontality chuvade listtucheythirikkunna vaikalyangalumayi bandhapetta oru avasthayaayi ariyappedunnu, ennirunnaalum avayil oronninum hypophrontality vahikkunna krithyamaaya punk ithuvare nirnnayikkappettilla. oro kesilum hypophrontalitic ulla sambhavana nirnnayikkaan prayaasamaan, kaaranam vaikalyangal poornnamaayum manassilakkiyitla.
schisophrenia.
saamoohikavum vaikarikavumaaya pravartthanatthe saadhaaranayaayi badhikkunna oru maanasika vaikalyamaan schisophrenia. vaikaarikavum maanasikavumaya swaadheenangalkku purame, schisophreniayude thudakkathil janithakavum aadyakaala vikaasavum oru punk vahikkunnuvennu vishwasikkappedunnu. rogathinte shaareerika vashangal baadhitharude thalachorile yadhaartha vyathyaasangalaan. kooduthalum frondall courtexil, eee vyathyaasangal palappozhum masthishkathinte cheria alavil ninnaan undaakunnath, athinte falamaayi rakthayottam kurayunnathu hypophrontalitye swaadheenikkunnu. frondall courtexinte kuravaanu lakshanangalude aathyanthika kaaranamenn nirnnayikkappettilla, allengil lakshanagal vikasikkumbol avastha vashalaakunnundo ennu nirnnayikkappettilla.
shradhakkuravu hyper aaktivitti desorder.
shradhakkuravu hyper active desorder allengil adhd kuttikalil ettavum kooduthal kaanapedunna oru vikasana vaikalyamayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. hypophrontality pradarshippikkunna mattu vaijnjaanika avasthakaleppole, prefrondal courtexinte valuppathilum pravartthanatthilum adhd shokal kurayunnu. ADHD-ll, prefrondal courtexinte idathuvashathum athupole thanne paariyettal mekhalayilum vikasanakkurav prathyekamaanu.
bipolar desorder.
uyarnnathum thaazhnnathumaaya vyathyastha maanasikaavasthakaliloodeyaanu bipolar desorder saadhaaranayaayi prakadippikkunnathu. uyarnna maanasikaavasthakal allengil unmaadam, santhosham, oorjjam allengil prakopanamaanu. nirasha, karachil allengil aathmavishwaasakkuravu ennivayaanu vishaadaavasthayude savisheshathakal. bipolar disorderinte adisthaana kaaranam poornnamaayum manassilaakkiyittille prefrondal courtexile asaadhaaranathakal vaikaarika niyanthranathinteyum niyanthranathinteyum abhaavathinu kaaranamaakumenn vishwasikkappedunnu.
pradhana vishaadarogam.
oru vyakthi svayam kaanunna reethiyeyum avarude jeevitam nayikkunna reethiyeyum badhikkunna nirantharamaaya thaazhnna maanasikaavasthayaanu mejar depression desorder athawa emm. dii. dii. nirnnayikkunnath. palappozhum, emm. dii. dii ullavarkku avar aasvadichirunna kaaryangalil thaalparyam nashtappedunnu, nirantharam oru kadinamaaya maanasikaavasthayilaayirikku mandagathiyilulla chalanagal prakadippikkukayo cheiyunnu. emm. dii. diyum uthkandayum saadhaaranayaayi comorbidaayi prakadippikkunnu. frondall courtex ulppede vividha mastishka pradeshangalude cheria alavu emm. dii. dii ullavaril saadhaaranamaanu.
samvidaanam.
hypophrontality ennathu niravadhi neurological disordezhsinteyum maanasika rogangaludeyum lakshanamaan. hypophrontalitic kaaranamakunna samvidaanangalum eee neurological avasthakalum samaanamaayirikkaamenn ithu soochippikkunnu. hypophrontalitic pathophysiological mekkaanisangalum neuronal mekkaanisangalum undakaan saadhyathayund. ithinartham hypophontaalitic shareeraparamaaya mattangalil ninno neuronukalile mattangalil ninno undaakunna kaaranagal undakaan saadhyathayund ennaanu. eee samvidaanangalude perukal samyojippichu neurophysiological mekkaanisangal ennu vilikkam. nilavil, hypophrontalitic kaaranamakunna krithyamaaya neurophysiological samvidaanangal anjjaathamaanu. ennirunnaalum, vishwasaneeyavum hypophrontality pala falangalkkum kaaranamakunnathumaaya chila samvidaanangalundu.
hypophrontalitic pinnile neurophysiological mekkaanisathinte pravarthanaparamaaya vishadeekaranam hypophrontality orupakshe vaikalyamulla synaptic kanakshanukal moolamaanu undaakunnath, ithu neuro transmission kurayaan kaaranamaakunnu ennathaanu. ithinartham axonukal thammilulla kanakshanukal thettayi pravartthikkunnu, ithu kaaryakshamamallatha signalukalude vyaapanathin kaaranamaakunnu ennaanu. eee nirddishta vishadeekaranam vividha gadakangalil ninnu undakamenkilum ithu mikkavarum mastishka vikasanathilo janithaka gadakangalilo ulla prashnangalude falamaayi sambhavikkam.
hypophontaality, vaasthavathil, eee kaaryakshamamallatha synaptic kanakshanukal moolamaanengil, thalachorinte chila bhaagangalile (limbic straittavum mediadorsal thalamas) anubandha kramarahithamaya dopaminergic pravartthanam bhaagikamaayi vishadeekarikkaam. neuro traansmittar dopamine purathuvidunnathum (allengil athinte abhavam) athinte falamaayundaakunna sellular prathikaranangalumaan dopaminergic pravartthanam. limbic stritathinum mediadorsal talamasinum (thalachorinte bhagangal) corticolymbothalamic surcuted ennariyappedunna prefrondal courtexinte oru bhagavumaayi bandhamund. corticolymbothalamic sarcutil pradhaanamaayum inhibittari neuro traansmittar gabayumaayi pravartthikkunna neuronukalaaya gabarjik interneuronukalude uyarnna saandrathayundu. durbalamaaya synaptic kanakshanukalude falamaayi, corticolymbothalamic sarkyoottile gabarjik interneuronukal sariyaaya shakthiyude soochana ayaykkunnathinu vardhichuvarunna uyarnna alavil gaba purathuvidunnathinu poruthappedum. gabarjik koshangalude eee aavarthichulla sajeevamaakkal limbic strittathilekkum mediadorsal taalamasilekkum sakthamaaya inhibittari signal nalkunnu, ithu thalachorinte aaa bhaagangalile dopaminergic pravartthanatthe thadayunnu. ithu dopaminergic pravartthanatthe thadayunnathiloode koshangalile mrna, protein thalatthil pravartthanam kuraykkunnu. eee sellular maattangalkk rakthayottam kuraykkaanum glucose upayogam prathyekamaayi aavashyamaayi vannekkaam, allengil rakthayottavum glucose metabolisavum kurayunnathu sellular pravartthanam kurayunnathinte falamaayirikkaam.
roganirnaya sameepanam.
rakthapravahatheyum masthishkathile glucose mettabolisatthinte alavineyum mattunna oru avasthayaanu hypophontaalitti ennathinaal, hypophontaalitti nirnnayikkaan ifmr allengil pettu scanukal upayogikkunnu. rakthapravaahathile kuravu oru ifmr, echumbo aspect allengil echu2oo-pettu padanangaliloode mikacha reethiyil nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum; glucosinte alavu kurayunnathu 18eph-efdiji pettu imaging padanangaliloode mikacha reethiyil nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum. ivayellaam chila thanmaathrakale, saadhaaranayaayi glucosine, flag cheyyaan vividha rasavasthukkal upayogikkunna vyathyastha tharam imaging padanangalaanu.
chikitsa paripalanavum.
hypophrontality vipareethamaakkaan kazhiyumennu karuthappettirunna rund pradhana marunnukal closapine, haloperidol ennivayaayirunnu; ennirunnaalum, rund marunnukalkkum hypophrontality vipareethamaakkaan kazhinjilla. klosapininekkurichulla bhaavi padanangal saadhaarana gabarjik neuronal pravartthanam punasthaapikkunnathu polulla hypophrontality chila vashangal punasthaapikkunnathinulla oru chikilsayaayi vaagdaanam kaanikkunnundengilum hypophrontality ellah gadakangalum vipareethamaakkaan ithinu kazhinjilla. hypophontaalitti gabarjik interneuronukal maathramaayi undakunnillennum hypophontaalitic mattoru kaaranam ippozhum kandethiyittillenum ithu soochippikkunnu. hypophrontality phalangal poornnamaayum vipareethamaakkaan kazhiyunna oru marunnu chila neurological avasthakalude phalangale phalapradamaayi vipareethamaakkumenn nilavil karuthappedunnu; ennirunnaalum, ithu theliyikkappettittilla, marunnu ithuvare kandethiyitla. ennirunnaalum, nicottin deerghakaalamaayi upayogikkunnathu mrugangalude aasakthiyudeyum schisophreniayudeyum maathrkakalil hypophrontalitye vipareethamaakkunnuvennu theliyikkappettittund. koodaathe, clonydine, gwanfassin thudangiya alfa 2 risapttar agonistukalkku adhd, ptsd, vishaadam ennivayumaayi bandhapetta hypophrontality chikilsikkaan kazhiyumennu sameepakaala padanangal theliyichittundu.
gaveshanam.
hypophrontality ippozhum poornnamaayum manassilaakkiyittille niravadhi gaveshana padhathikal nadathiyittundu, ithu lakshanathinte adayaalangal thirichariyunnathil purogathi kaivarikkunnu. iniyum orupaad karyangal padikkaanundengilum, enke1aarr-/-elikalil nadatthiya pareekshanangal hypophrontalityil dopaminergic traansmishante punk velippeduthi. sagovolden kambaniyum oru loss-oof function mutation nadatthi, avide mutent elikalkku enke 1 aarr protein illaayirunnu, athinte falamaayi adhdyile hypophontaality enna sidhaanthathe pinthunaykkunna kuranja dopaminergic transmission undaayi. schisophreniayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol vishaadabaadhitharaaya rogikalil hypophrontalityem mayakkumarunnu asakthiyeyum kurichu padanangal kuravaanu, ennaal neuro imaging vishaadabaadhitharaaya rogikalil hypophrontality lakshanagal report cheiyunnu. hypophrontality maanasikarogangal, vishaadam, mayakkumarunnu asakti ennivayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnathil, avaykkellaam rogangale bandhippikkunna chila pothuvaaya pathophysiological samvidaanam undakanulla saadhyathayund. schisophreniayile hypophrondality valia alavilulla gaveshanangal nadannittum, athinte neuronal samvidaanangalekkurichu iniyum valareyadhikam padikkaanundu. neuro developmental koodaathe/allengil janithaka gadakangal moolamundaakunna vaikalyamulla synaptic connectivityum neuro transmission saadhyamaaya kaaranangalaanennu anumaanikkappedunnu, ennaal mothatthil hypophrontality poornnamaayi manassilakkiyitla.
hypophrontality ulla rogikalil sambhavikkunna avasthakal aavarthikkaan sramikkunnathinum athu engane undaakunnuvennum athu engane pariharikkamennum nirnnayikkunnathinum elikalil nilavile gaveshanangal nadakkunnundu.

