
koppi editting

koppi editting (koppi editting, maanyuskript editting ennum ariyappedunnu) ennathu vaayanakshamathayum fitnasum mechappeduthunnathinum oru vaachakam vyakaranaparavum vasthuthaparavumaaya pishakukalil ninnu mukthamaanennu urappakkunnathinum ezhuthiya metteeriyal (koppi) parishkarikkunna prakriyayaan. "chikkago maanuval oof stail" prasthaavikkunnath, kaiyezhuthuprathi edittingil "" vaakya-thala edapedalukaliloode (line, allengil stailistik, editting) lalithamaaya mechanical thiruthalukal (mechanical editting) saahitya shailiyilum vyakthathayilum ganyamaaya parihara pravartthanangal, kramarahithamaya bhagangal, baggy gadyam, kuzhappamulla meshakalum roopangalum, thudangiyava (adisthaana editting) ulppedunnu ". achadi prasidheekaranatthinte pashchaathalatthil, type settinginu munbum veendum proof readingin munbum koppi editting nadathunnu. parambaraagatha pusthakathinum jenal prasidheekaranathinum purathu, "koppi editting" enna padam kooduthal vishaalamaayi upayogikkunnu, chilappol proof reeding ennu vilikkunnu; eee padam chilappol adhika jolikal ulkkollunnu.
vichitramaaya bhagangal sugamamaakkunnathin koppi edittarmaar lalithamaaya punaravalokanangal nadathumennu pothuve pratheekshikkunnundeng, oru vaachaka varii oro variyayi mattiyezhuthaanulla licenses avarkkilla, oru rachayithaavin vendi avar metteeriyal thayyarakkunnilla. (mattoraalude peril prasidheekarikkenda yadhaartha ulladakkam srishtikkunnathine "prethalekhanam" ennu vilikkunnu.) koodaathe, koppi edittarmaar gadanaaparavum samghadanaaparavumaaya prasnangal anweshikkumennu prathekshikkunnu, pakshe avar eee prasnangal pariharikkumennu prathekshikkunnilla. koodaathe, koppi edittarmaar saadhaaranayaayi "developmental edittingil" earppedunnilla, athil oru ezhuthukaarane oru ashayam prasidheekarikkaavunna kaiyezhuthuprathiyaayi vikasippikkaan sahayikkuka, oru parukkan draaft parishkarikkuka, vishaya kavarejile vidavukal thirichariyuka, ulladakkathinte kooduthal phalapradamaaya ashayavinimayathinulla thanthrangal aavishkarikkuka, anthima uthppannam mechappeduthunnathinum vipaniyil kooduthal mathsaraadhishtithamaakkunnathu savisheshathakal srishtikkuka enniva ulppedunnu.
amerikkayilum canadayilum eee jolie cheiyunna oru edittare koppi edittar ennu vilikkunnu. oru samghadanayude ettavum uyarnna raankulla koppi edittar allengil oru koottam koppi edittarmaarude melnotta edittare "koppi cheef", "koppi desk cheef" allengil "nyoos edittar" ennu vilikkam. yunaittad kingdatthil, "koppi edittar" enna padam upayogikkunnu, ennaal pathrangalilum maasika prasidheekaranathilum, eee padam sub edittar (allengil "sub edittar") aanu, saadhaaranayaayi "sub" ennu churukkunnu. internettinte pashchaathalatthil, oonlain "koppi" ennathu web pejukalude vaachaka ulladakkathe soochippikkunnu. achadikku samaanamaayi, oonlain koppi editting ennathu web pejukalude asamskritha allengil draaft tekst prasidheekaranathinaayi parishkarikkukayum thayyarakkukayum cheiyunna prakriyayaan.
koppi edittinginu moonnu thalangalunda laitt, meediyam, hevi. prasidheekaranatthinte bajattum samayakramavum anusarichu, eathu thalatthilulla editting upayogikkanamennu prasadhakan koppi edittare ariyikkum. thiranjeduttha tharatthilulla editting koppi edittare avarude shramangalkk munganana nalkaan sahayikkum.
reethikal.
mechanical editting.
aantharikamaayo prasaadhakante bhavanashailikk anusrithamaayo sthirathaykkaayi oru rachana aduthu vaayikkunna prakriyayaan mechanical editting. ainsoninte abhipraayathil, mechanical edittarmaar inipparayunna karyangal cheiyunnu
gilad inipparayunnavayum paraamarsikkunnu
sariyaaya aksharavinyaasavum viraamachihnangalum chila sandarbhangalil aathmanishtamaanu, avaa koppi edittarudeyo prasaadhakanteyo vivechanaadhikaarathil vidanam. mikka prasidheekarana sthaapanangalum "nyoo ooksfoord stail maanuval", "chikkago maanuval oof stail", "canadian stail" thudangiya vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappetta stail guide upayogikkunnu. rekhakalum reportukalum nirmmikkukayum ennaal saadhaarana ardhathil svayam prasadhakar aayi kanakkakkaathirikkukayum cheiyunna kambanikal inn-house stail gaidukaleyo koppi edittarude vidhiyeyo aasrayikkunnu.
vyaakaranavum upayogavum.
vyakthigatha shailiyilulla mungananakale maanikkumbol lamghikkaanaavaatha niyamangal nadappilaakkuka ennathaanu koppi edittarude lakshyam. chila ezhuthukaar vyakaranaparamaaya thiruthalukale avarude boudhika kazhivino professional swathwathino oru velluviliyaayi kaanunnathinal ithu budhimuttaayirikkum. athinaal, sweekaaryamaanengil rachayithaavinte munganana manikkaan koppi edittarmaare prothsaahippikkunnu. vyaakaranatheyum upayogatheyum kurichulla pusthakangal rekhappeduthiyittulla asthiramaaya bhasha kanvenshanukal eee sanbradaayathe kooduthal sankeernamaakkunnu, avayude rachayithakkal palappozhum viyojikkunnu.
ulladakka editting.
ulladakka edittingil oru rekha punasamghadippikkukayo punasamghadippikkukayo cheiyunnu. ulladakkathinte eathenkilum asthiramaaya bhaagangalum eathenkilum vyathyaasangalum ithil ulppedunnu. ulladakka edittarmaarkku ulladakkam maattiyezhuthunnathiloode valareyadhikam edittu cheiyunnathiloodeyo athu sariyaakkaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, rachayithaavin swantham samayat pariharikkanulla budhimuttulla eathenkilum bhagangal koppi edittar palappozhum choondikkaanikkum.
rekhayude vasthuthaparamaaya krithyathaykku koppi edittarmaar utharavaadikalallengilum, varshathile poruthakkedukal allengil thettidharippikkunna ashayangal polulla asathyamenn avarkariyaavunna eathu vivarathekkurichum rachayithaavin abhipraayangal nalkaan avarkk kazhiyum. rekhayude vishayam ariyaavunna koppi edittarmaarkku atharam vastutha parisodhana sveekaaryamaanu.
rachayithaavinte ardham lamghikkaathe koppi edittar eathenkilum pakshapathaparamaaya bhasha choondikkaanikkanam. apakeerthippeduthal, svakaaryathayude kadannukayattam allengil ashleelata enniva aaropikkunna oru vyavahaarathin adithara paakunna" metteeriyal ithil ulppedunnu. chilar pakshapathaparamaaya bhasha rashtreeya krithyathayaayi kaanunnu, athinaal koppi edittar iva randum thammil verthirichariyunnathu pradhaanamaan. ithu cheiyunnathinu, koppi edittar manahpoorvvam "raashtreeyamaayi thettaaya" kazhchakal anuvadikkukayum paarshwalkkarikkappetta aakshepakaramo prathyekamo aaya bhasha maathram sensor cheyyukayum cheyyum.
parasparabandhithamaya bhagangal, type coding, anumathikal.
mikka kayyezhuthuprathikalkkum koppi edittar athinullile bhagangal parasparabandhithamaakkendathu. koppi edittarmaar eee prakriyayil inipparayunna jolikal nirvahikkanam
chila kayyezhuthuprathikalkku prathyeka cross checking aavashyamaayi vannekkaam. udaaharanathinu, engane ezhuthaam ennathil, upakaranangaludeyo bhaagangaludeyo pattika vaachakathinullil nalkiyirikkunna nirddeshangalumaayi poruthappedunnuvennu oru koppi edittar parishodhikkendathundu.
kaiyezhuthuprathiyude eathokke bhagangalaanu pathivayi pravartthikkunna vaachakamallenn thirichariyunna prakriyayaan type coding. moolakangal ennariyappedunna vaachakathinte eee bhaagangalil inipparayunnava ulppedunnu
prasidheekarana designerk vendiyulla ellah kaiyezhuthuprathi gadakangalum type coode cheyyuka (allengil rekhappeduthuka) ennathu koppi edittarude joliyaanu. haard-koppi koppi edittarmaarodu saadhaaranayaayi kayyezhuthuprathiyude idathu arikilulla type kodukalil pensil cheyyaan aavashyappedunnu. oro gadakathinteyum thudakkathilum avasaanathilum type kodukal cherkkaan oonn-screen koppi edittarmaarodu aavasyappedaam.
avasaanamaayi, kayyezhuthuprathiyil ippozhum pakarppavakashamulla oru prasidheekaricha kruthiyil ninnulla neenda udharanikal undengil, aaa udharanikal veendum achadikkaan anumathi nedaan koppi edittar rachayithaavine oormmippikkanam. achadi pattikayil prathyakshappetta pattikakal, charttukal, graafukal, chithreekaranangal ennivayude punarmudranatthinum ithu baadhakamaan. prasidheekarikkappedaathu vasthukkalude (kathukal, dayarikal muthalaayava) punarnirmmaanatthinu niyamangal vyathyaasappedunnu.)
prakriyakal.
oro koppi edittarum paalikkenda adisthaana nadapadikramangalundu koppi edittarmaarkku rachayithaavinte vaachakathile mattangal adayaalappeduthunnathinu (adayaalappeduthal) oru samvidaanam aavasyamaanu, rachayithaavineyum edittoriyal cordinatorineyum (chodyam cheyyal) chodyam cheiyunnathinulla oru prakriya, edittoriyal theerumaanangalude track sookshikkunnathinulla oru reethi (record keeping), koppi edittinginekkurichula rachayithaavinte avalokanam anthima rekhayil (clean upp) ulppeduthunnathinulla nadapadikramangal. eee samvidaanangal yadhaarthathil computerinu munbulla oru kaalaghattatthilaanu vikasippicheduthath, ennaal kaalakramena eee nadapadikramangal digital oonn-screen sthalathinaayi poruthappedutthi.
oro maadhyamathinum (achadiyilum screenilum) athintethaaya thaanguvilayund, oru koppi edittar mattethinekkaal oru editting prakriya ishtappettekkaamenkilum, koppi edittarmaar rund saankethikavidyakalum praayogikamaayi upayogikkendathundu.
haard koppi editting.
parambaraagatha markup koppi editting allengil haard-koppi editting ippozhum pradhaanamaan, kaaranam thozhilinulla screening testtukal haard koppiyil nadatthaam. koodaathe, koppi edittar edittu cheiyunna vaachakam ulla rachayithaav haard-koppi markup ishtappettekkaam, koodaathe rekhakalum metteeriyalukalum electronic aayi kaimaran kazhiyaatha saahacharyathil koppi edittarmaar parambaraagatha markup ariyendathundu. haard koppiyil edittu cheyyumbol, pankedukkunna ellah kakshikalum (edittar, rachayithaav, type settar, proof reader) koppi edittar undaakkunna adayaalangal manassilakkanam, athinaal eee maattangale soochippikkunna oru saarvathrika adayaalappeduthal samvidaanam nilavilundu. athukondaanu koppi edittar vaayanaatheethamaayum vrithiyaayum ezhuthendathu. haard koppi cheiyunna koppi edittarmaar avarude thiruthalukal nerittu vaachakathil ezhuthukayum maarjinukal anweshanathinaayi avasheshikkukayum cheiyunnu. saadhaaranayaayi, rachayithaavinum mattu kakshikalkkum edittarude mattangal eluppathil thirichariyaan kazhiyunna tharatthil koppi edittarinodu thilakkamulla niratthil ezhuthaan aavashyappedunnu.
screenil editting.
oro varshavum kooduthal editting projaktukal computerukalil nadakkunnu, achadi kuravaanu. koodaathe, koppi edittar edittu cheiyunna oru vaachakathinte digital pathipp undengil, randaamathethinu vaakkukal kooduthal eluppathil tirayan spell checkerukal pravarthippikkaanum kuzhappamillaatha pejukalude shudhamaaya pakarppukal srishtikkaanum kazhiyum. screenil edittu cheyyumbol koppi edittarmaar aadyam cheyyendathu rachayithaavinte fayalukal pakartthuka ennathaanu, kaaranam yadhaartha rekha samrakshikkanam. oro vaid prosessing prograam oru edittarude maarkkappukal screenil engane kaanikkunnu ennathinu vividha oopshanukal nalkunnu. koppi edittar screenil kooduthal vrithiyaayi edittu cheyyanam, vaakkukalude bhagangal samrakshikkunnathil ninnu vittunilkkanam, sariyaaya line space nilanirthunnathil shradhikkanam enna vasthuthayil oonn-screen editting pradhaanamaayum haard-koppi edittingil ninnu vyathyasthamaan.
chodyam cheiyukayaanu.
koppi edittarmaarkku palappozhum chodyangal, abhipraayangal allengil vishadeekaranangal enniva abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinaayi avarude rachayithaakkale chodyam cheyyendathundu ivayil bhooribhaagavum vaachakathinte arikukalilo screenil aayirikkumbol abhipraaya vibhaagathilo cheyyaam. koppi edittar eppol chodikkanam, avarude chodyangalude dairkhyavum swaravum koppi edittar pariganikkanam, kaaranam palappozhum allengil apoorvvamaayi, nigoodamaayi allengil parihaasyamaayi chodyam cheiyunnathu koppi edittarum rachayithaavum thammilulla prathikoola bandhathinu kaaranamakum.
lakshyangal.
oru koppi edittarude lakshyangal avar pravartthikkunna prasidheekaranathe aashrayich mariyekkaam; ennirunnaalum, ellaayppozhum nalkenda chila niyojakamandalangalund-rachayithaav (kaiyezhuthuprathi ezhuthukayo samaaharikkukayo cheytha vyakthi), prasadhakan (nirmmaanathinu panam nalkunna vyakthi allengil kambani), vaayanakkar (metteeriyal nirmmikkunna prekshakar). eee kakshikal (koppi edittarinoppam) ore lakshyam nedunnathinaayi pravartthikkunnu, athaayath, oru pishak rahita prasidheekaranam srishtikkukayum baahya vaijnjaanika bharam kurachukondu vaayanakkaarante anubhavam mechappeduthukayum cheyyuka. koppi edittar vyakthatha, yojip, sthiratha, krithyatha enniva mechappeduthaan shramikkunnu-allengil "4 cs" ennariyappedunnu, avaa oronnum koppi edittarude "cardinal sii", athaayath ashayavinimayam nalkunnu.
charithram.
sanyasi koppisttukalum koppi edittarmaarum thammilulla ettavum valia vyathyasam, koppi edittarmaar edittukal ezhuthukaaranu nirasikkaan kazhiyunna nirddeshangalaayi upekshikkunnu ennathaanu. eee achadisaalakal editting, tekst thayyarakkal, aadyathe typeset gallie proofs proof reeding ennivaykkulla nadapadikramangal sthaapichu. akkaalathe maanadandangal paadangal paalikkunnundennu vidagdha thiruthalukal urappakki.
printing pressinte munbil, sanyasi pakarppukaar vichithramenn karuthiya vaakkukalo shailikalo maattimarichu, avarkk munbulla pakarppukaar thettu cheythuvennu karuthunnu. ithaanu baibil polulla saadhaarana grandhangalil valareyadhikam vaividhyathilekku nayichathu.
1800 muthal 1970 vareyulla pusthakatthinte aagolavalkkaranathinushesham american ezhuthukaarudeyum edittarmaarudeyum uyarchayundaayi. thante edittoriyal kannu kondu eee pramukha ezhuthukaarude srishtikal valareyadhikam mechappeduthiyathinaal fittsjerald, hemingway, wolf thudangiya ezhuthukaar maiks well perkins enna oru edittare prathyekichum thedi. editting, maargganirddesham, ezhuthukaarkku sauhrudam ennivayil perkins ariyappettirunnu-pakshe kaalam marikkondirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, oru kaiyezhuthuprathi prasidheekarikkaan paryaapthamaano ennu theerumaanikkuka ennathaayirunnu oru edittarude chumatala. kaalam kadannupokumbol, oru edittarinteyum prasadhakanteyum punk kooduthal akaleyayi. edittarmaarum rachayithaakkalum thammil oru puthiya bandham undaayirunnengilum, chinthaapoorvamaaya editting avasaanichilla.
vividha prasidheekarana sthaapanangal, maasikakal, jenalukal, swakaarya ezhuthukaar ennivayil avarude srishtikalil parishkkaranangal thedi koppi edittarmaare niyamichu. thangalude bisinessile sakthamaaya editting reethikale vilamathikkunna public relations, parasya sthaapanangal polum chila koppi edittarmaare niyamichirunnu.
innu koppi edittarmaar upayogikkunna chinnangal prasidheekaranatthinte thudakkam muthal proof readermar upayogichirunnavaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, ennirunnaalum avaa kaalakramena chila maattangalkk vidheyamaayittundu. ennirunnaalum, innu upayogikkunna koppi editting bhaashayude krithyamaaya thudakkam vyakthamalla. neenda charitramundaayittum, 1980kalile desktop prasidheekarana viplavamallathe oru sambradaayamaayi pakarppavakasham undaakkunnath kadutha oru viplavavum nerittitilla. eee pathittaandinte madhyathil puratthirakkiya niravadhi kandupiduthangalude falamaayaanu eee prathibhasam aarambhichath, ithu koppi editting mekhalayile saankethika upayogathinte valarchaye soochippikkunnu. athaayath, serox staar computerinte vikasanam, athinte kazhchappadulla desktop paristhithiyum serox bahubhasha prateeka code (unicodinte munnodiyum); athupole thanne mackintosh computer, hevlettu-paakkaardinte desktop lazer printar, peju maker enna desktop prasidheekaranathinulla software enniva viplavathinu thudakkamittu. vyakthikalkkum prasidheekarana ejansikalkkum orupole kuranja chelavil poornnamaayum screenil rachanakal edittu cheyyaan anuvadikkunnathiloode, desktop publishing viplavam pakarppavalkkaranatthe innathe sanbradaayathilekku marph cheythu. innu mikka koppi edittarmaarum avarude jolie cheiyunnathinu yadhaartha peju nirmmaathaavine adisthaanamaakkiyulla microsopht vaid polulla tekst prosessorukale (ningal kaanunnath ningalkk labhikkunnath) kooduthal aadhunika vaisivigine aasrayikkunnu.
oru currier enna nilayil koppi edittingil maattangalkk kaaranamaaya chila sambhavangal undaayirunnu. 1934 november 17 muthal 1935 march 28 vare "newark ledgerinte" edittoriyal departmentinte vijayakaramaya panimudakku ithilonnaanu, "eathenkilum praadeshika samghathinte itharathilulla aadyathe pradhana nadapadiyaayirunnu ithu... professional association aashayathil ninnu maarinilkkunna gildukalude prasthaanatthinte maattaanaavaathathaye iruvarum sthireekarikkukayum aaa prakriya valareyadhikam thwarithappeduthukayum cheythu. 1934-leeii venalkkaalath niravadhi cheria pathrangalkkethire newyork nyoos paper gildinte neethrthwathilulla mattoru samaravumaayi chernnu, eee nadapadikal edittoriyal varkarude prathichaaya oru "professional" enna nilayil oru sharashari pouranenna nilayil maattaan sahayichu. 1934 muthalulla mattoru panimudakku mccalle kambaniykkethiraaya panimudakkaayirunnu, ithu oru prasidheekarana sthaapanathil nadanna aadyathe panimudakkaayirunnu. aadyathethu kazhinju moonnu maasangalkk sesham nadanna randaamathe mccalle panimudakkinte samaapanathil, yooniyanvalkkaranathilekkal rajyavyaapakamaaya neekkam prasidheekarana vyavasaayathil praveshikkukayum "ellah pradhana prasidheekarana sthaapanangalilum vyaapikkukayum cheythu". vividha prasidheekarana mekhalakaliludaneelamulla edittarmaarude padavi kurachathinte dvitheeya falamaayi eee sambhavangal thonnunnathinaal, avaa pakarpp edittarmaarude thakarchaykku kaaranamaayathaayi parayaam, ithu innu prasidheekarana mekhalakaliludaneelam kaanaan kazhiyum.
digital yugathinte uyarcha kaaranam, oru koppi edittarude rolukalum utharavaadithangalum maari. udaaharanathinu, 1990 muthal, koppi edittarmaar pejineshan electronic aayi padichu. avarkk ippol onniladhikam screenukalil oru vaachakathinte onniladhikam pejukal nokkaanum aaa parithasthithiyil eluppathil edittukal cheyyaanum kazhiyum, bhauthika paper katt aouttukal oru boardil kaikondu ottikkunnathin pakaram. eee saankethika munnettatthinu koppi edittarmaar adob indesign, kwark express, affinity publisher allengil scribus polulla puthiya softweyarukal padikkendathundu.
aadhunika koppi edittarmaar palappozhum vaachakathinte digital, print pathippukalkkayi edittu cheyyendathundu. digital koppi edittinginu koppi edittarmaarkku rss feedukal, soshyal media (twittar, facebook polullava), echu. tii. emm. ell enniva manasilaakkendathundu. eee digital yugathil vivarangal nirantharam purathirangikkondirinnum oonlain pathippukalude edittingil kuravundaakunnathilekku nayichathum kanakkiledukkendathaanu. websait basfeedinte edittarmaar abhipraayappettath chilappol avarkk "prasidheekarikkunnathinnum ellah posttukalum [to] nedaan kazhiyilla" ennaanu.
koppi edittarmaar ippozhum vasthuthakal, vyakaranam, shaili, thalakkettukal ezhuthuka thudangiya parambaraagatha jolikal cheyyumbol, saankethikavidyaykku vazhiyorukkaan avarude chila kadamakal maattivechittundu. chila koppi edittarmaarkku ippol peju leauttukal roopakalppana cheyyendathundu, chilar viidiyoo ulladakkam edittu cheyyuka polum venam. koppi edittarmaare ippol chilappol "koppi/leauttu edittarmaar" allengil "nirmmathaakkal/designermar" ennu vilikkunnu.
feeldil mattangal.
parambaraagathamaayi, koppi edittar achadichatho ezhuthiyatho aaya oru kaiyezhuthuprathi vaayikkukayum edittarude "thiruthal adayaalangal" upayogichu swamedhayaa adayaalappeduthukayum cheyyum. valia pathrangalil, pradhana koppi desk palappozhum yuu aakruthiyilaayirunnu; koppi desk medhavi "slottil" (yuu-yude madhyabhagam) irikkukayum "sloat maan" ennariyappedukayum cheythappol koppi edittarmaar yuu-yude purathu "riim" ennariyappedunna avane allengil avale aninirathukayum cheythu. munkaalangalil, koppi edittarmaar chilappol "riim elikal" ennu haasyaparamaayi ariyappettirunnu. cheef koppi edittarmaare ippozhum chilappol "sloat" ennu vilikkunnu. ennaal ekkaalathu, kayyezhuthuprathi palappozhum computer displayil vaayikkukayum vaachaka thiruthalukal nerittu nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
pathrangalilum maasikakalilum edittinginum leauttinum computerised samvidaanangal eathaandu saarvathrikamaayi sweekarikkunnathum koppi edittarmaare roopakalppanayilum ulppaadanathinte saankethikathayilum kooduthal earppedaan prerippichu. athinaal saankethika parijnjaanam chilappol ezhuthu kazhivu pole pradhanamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu pusthaka prasidheekaranathekkaal pathrapravartthanathilaanu. american koppi edittezhs sosaittiyude sahasthaapakanaaya hank glaman american pathrangalile koppi edittar sthaanangalkkaayulla parasyangalekkurichu inipparayunna nireekshanam nadatthi
avar vidagdha vyaakarananjarum vaakk nirmmaathaakkalum aayirikkanamennum thilakkamaarnnathum aakarshakavumaya thalakkettukal ezhuthanamennum kwark ariyanamennum njangal aagrahikkunnu. ennaal, palappozhum, thallumbol, avasaanatheth ozhike aaa aavasyakathakalil oronnum slide cheyyaan njangal anuvadikkum, kaaranam nischitha samayat button amarthunnathinu ningal athu arinjirikkanam.
swabhaavasavisheshathakal, kazhivukal, pariseelanam.
bhaashayude mikacha niyanthranathinu purame, koppi edittarmaarkku vasthuthaparamaaya pishakukal kandethunnathinu vishalamaaya pothu arivu aavasyamaanu; poruthakkedukalo avyakthathayo thirichariyunnathinu nalla vimarsanaathmaka chinthagathi kazhivukal; ezhuthukaar, mattu edittarmaar, designermar ennivarumaayi edapazhakaanulla vyakthiparamaaya kazhivukal; vishadaamshangalilekkulla shradha; shailiyude bodham. avar mungananakal nischayikkukayum samayaparidhi paalikkendathinte aavasyakathayumaayi poornathaykkulla aagraham santhulithamaakkukayum venam.
pala koppi edittarmaarkkum koleju birudamundu, palappozhum pathrapravarthanam, ashayavinimayam allengil avar edittu cheiyunna rachanayude bhasha. amerikkayil, koppi editting palappozhum oru koleju jenalism kozhsaayi padippikkunnu, ennirunnaalum athinte peru vyathyaasappedunnu. kozhsukalil palappozhum warta roopakalppanayum pagination ulppedunnu.
amerikkayil, dau johns nyoos paper fund randaazhchathe pariseelanam ulppedunna intenshippukal sponsor cheiyunnu. koodaathe, american pras instittyoott, pooyintar instittyoott, chaappal hillile north carolina sarvakalashaala, yusi saan diego ekstanshan, american koppi edittezhs sosaittiyude konfaransukal enniva pathra koppi edittarmaarkkum warta koppi desk supervisormaarkkum (nyoos koppi desk supervisormaar) midu currier pariseelanam nalkunnu.
mikka american pathrangalum prasadhakar koppi editting jolie udyogaarthikalkku oru editting testt allengil oru triout nalkunnu. iva vyaapakamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu, churukkezhuthukal, samakaalika sambhavangal, kanakk, viraamachihnangal, anubandha pathrashaili, thalakkett ezhuthu, infographics editting, jenalism ethics ennivayude upayogam polulla kazhivukal enniva ulppedaam.
samakaalikam.
digital yugathinu munbu, koppi edittarmaar saarvathrikamaayi ariyappettirunna chinnangalude markup bhasha upayogichu oru chuvanna pena upayogichu pishakukalum poruthakkedukalum adayaalappeduthumaayirunnu. vyakaranathinum aksharavinyaasathinum viramachihnangalkkum mattu shailikalude mekkaanikkukalkkumulla edittingaayi parambaraagatha koppi edittare orikkal nirvachichirunnu.
track mattangal polulla upakaranangal pinthunaykkaathathinaal digital edittingil koppi editting chinnangal upayogikkaan kazhiyilla. kooduthal oonlainil poost cheiyunnathum pepparil kuranja printing ullathinaal, haard-koppikku digital prasidheekaranavumaayi vegatha nilanirthaan kazhiyilla. oru haard koppi print cheyyaanum edittukal cheyyaanum mattangal varuthaanum oru prasaadhakan koppi edittarmaare niyamikkunnath inii ettavum kaaryakshamamaya prakriyayalla. vyaakarana pishakukal kooduthal vegathilum vilakuranjathilum pariharikkan softwearinu kazhiyumennathinaal koppi edittarmaarude sthaanam apakadathilaanu.
digital editting software avatharippikkunnath koppi editting currier avasaanippikkumenn professionalukal bhayapettu. koppi edittarmaar ippozhum jolicheyyunnu, softweyarinte kazhivukalkkappuramulla vastutha parisodhana, ulladakka samghadana thudangiya kanatha edittukalkku avaa aavasyamaanu. vyaakarana software edittu cheyyaan kazhiyunna pathrapravartthakarum ullathinaal, koppi edittarmaare prasidheekaranathil oru aadambaramayi kaanunnu. oru kambanikku editting software upayogikkaanulla saadhyathaykk koppi edittar kanatha editting anweshanavum maathrame nadathendathulloo. koppi edittinginulla gattangal onnuthanneyaanenkilum, nirvvahanam digital parithasthithikalkkaayi poruthappeduthiyittundu.
claude storejinte saankethika vikasanam samakaalika koppi edittarmaareyum ezhuthukaareyum onniladhikam upakaranangaliludaneelam fayalukal uploaded cheyyaanum pankidaanum anuvadikkunnu. google doxes, dropbox, soho, ooppangoo, buzz vaid thudangiya oonlain vaid prosessorukal niravadhi jolikal cheyyaan upayokthaakkale anuvadikkunnu. oro prosessorinum upayokthaakkalude mungananakale adisthaanamaakki athintethaaya gunangalum doshangalumundu, ennaal praadhamikamaayi pramaanangalil pankidaanum edittu cheyyaanum sahakarikkanum upayokthaakkale anuvadikkunnu. aduthide, google doxil feng oafees enna peril ooppangoo rebrand cheyyappettu, upayokthaakkalkk avar thiranjedukkunna eathenkilum phayal kaananum abhipraayamidaanum edittu cheyyaanum imeyil vazhi mattullavare shanikkaan kazhiyum. shanikkappettavarkku rekha thalsamayam orumichu kaananum edittu cheyyaanum kazhiyum. web aaplikkeshaniloode maathram fayalukal pankidaan kazhiyunna google dokkukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, oru desktop aaplikkeshanil ninnu dropbox pankidunnu. dropbox upayokthaakkalkk rekhakal linkukalaayo pankitta folderukalaayo pankidaan kazhiyum. upayokthaakkalkk pankitta folderukal srishtikkaanum folderilake mattullava cherkkanum kazhiyum. pankitta folderile fayalukal mattu upayokthaavinte dropboxyl drishyamaakum, koodaathe folderile oru fayalilekk edittukal cheyyumbol ulppettirikkunna ellah upayokthakkalkkum ariyippukal labikkum. editting aaksasinte vividha thalangalil ninnu upayokthaavinte thiranjeduppinoppam fayalukal pankidaan adobinte buzz wared upayokthaakkale anuvadikkunnu, koodaathe pramaanangalil varuthiya mattangal tracucheyyukayum upayokthaakkale munbathe pathippukalilekku madangaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunna oru pathipp charitra savisheshatha ulppedunnu. 
pala vaid prosessorukalilum upayogapradamaaya oru track chenchu feature oru documentil mattangal varuthaanum avaa yadhaartha documentil ninnu vevvere kaananum upayokthaakkale anuvadikkunnu. microsopht vedil, review ribaninu keezhilulla track mattangal klikkucheythu mattangal kaanikkano maraykkano ennu upayokthaakkalkk thiranjedukkaam. aaa editting dokyumentukalkku upayokthaav oru abhiprayam nalkaan aagrahikkunna sthalangalil click cheytho avalokana ribaninu keezhil puthiya abhiprayam klikkucheytho allengil vaachakam hailait cheytho puthiya abhiprayam klikkucheytho abhipraayangal nalkaam. upayokthaakkalkk parishkkaranangal prayogikkaanum avalokana ribanile shhow markup dropedown menuvinu keezhil eathu thalatthilulla maarkkappukal kaananamenn thiranjedukkaanum kazhiyum. avalokana ribanile sweekarikkuka allengil nirasikkuka klikkucheythu upayokthaakkalkk mattangal sweekarikkaano nirasikkaano thiranjedukkaam.
samakaalika koppi edittar.
koppi editting mekhala kaalaharanappettathalla. american koppi edittezhs sosaitti (easas) president chikkagoyile "daili herald" deputy managing edittarumaaya terreza shedding, koppi edittarmaar digital jenalisathinum soshyal mediaykkum "swaabhaavikamaayi anuyojyaraanennu" karuthunnu, kaaranam prasidheekaranam mikkavarum arcum labhyamaakkiyittundekkum, gunanilavaaravum vishwaasyathayum ulladakkathilekku konduvarunnathu koppi edittarmaar maathramaan.
digital prasidheekaranangalil ulppeduthiyekkaavunna viidiyoo, chithrangal, audiyo, serch enchin opttimaiseshan thudangiya kathayude multimedia vashangal koppi edittarmaar ippol pariganikkanam. digital edittinginu ippol koppi edittarmaarkku ezz. iii. oo, echu. tii. emm. ell, sii. ezz. ezz, aarr. ezz. ezz feedukal, adob illastrettar polulla creative toolukal enniva manasilaakkendathundu.
prasnangal.
koppi edittinginte prashnangalilonn athu vaachakathinte prasidheekaranathe mandagathiyilaakkiyekkaam ennathaanu. digital prasidheekarana yugathodoppam vivarangalude athivega vittuvaravinulla aavasyam vardhichu. kalar printing, peju sais, leauttu thudangiya adhika vishadaamshangal nirnnayikkunnath anuvadicha bajattaan. busfeed, slate thudangiya web adhishtitha prasidheekaranangalkku avarude vanthothilulla dainamdina ulladakkangal edittu cheyyaan mathiyaya jeevanakkaare nilanirthaan avarude bajattil mathiyaya idamilla. athinaal kuranja mungananayulla posttukal busfeedil koppi edittukalillaathe prasidheekarikkunnuvennu koppi cheef emmy faavila parayunnu. "slate" prasidheekaranathinu munbu athinte blogg posttukal edittu cheiyunnilla, pakshe athinte ellah warta lekhanangalum prasidheekaranathinu munbu edittu cheytha pakarppukalaan, "slate" koppi cheef loven liu, deputy edittar juuliya turner ennivar parayunnu.
athivegam nirmmikkappedunna ulladakkathinulla uyarnna aavasyangalodu prathikarikkunnathin, chila oonlain prasidheekaranangal aadyam lekhanangal prasidheekarikkaanum pinneedu edittu cheyyaanum thudangi, ithu back editting ennariyappedunna oru prakriyayaan. traaphik adisthaanamaakki edittarmaar storikal edittu cheiyunnathinu munganana nalkunnu, koodaathe ulladakkam yadhaarthathil edittukal aavasyamaanennu report cheythittundo.
vaividhyamaarnna vaikalyangalulla upayokthaakkalkk vaayana saamagrikal kooduthal praapyamaayitheernnirinnu. kazhcha vaikalyamullavarkkayi chithrangale pakaram vaachakavum audiyo vivarthanangalum upayogichu maattisthaapikkunnathil carolin ruud atharam kesukalkku udaaharanamaanu. web developermar "vyakthavum lalithavumaaya bhasha, sthirathayulla nibandhanakal, naavigeshan upakaranangal" thudangiya print maargganirddeshangal palikkaan shramikkunnundennum, prathyekichu vaayanakkar randaamathe bhashayil vaachakam nokkumbol.
internettinte prathyaaghaathangal.
oonlain vibhavangal janapreeti vardhippikkumbol, koppi edittarmaar digital upabhokthruvaadathinte vardhanavu avarude kazhivukal paramavadhi niravettaan shramikkunnu, atharam uyarnna malsaram koppi editting allengil vastutha parisodhana polulla "edittingile gunanilavaaram kramena kurayunnathinu" kaaranamaayi. ennirunnaalum, internettu oru koppi edittarude utharavaadithangaludeyo thozhil avasarangaludeyo vyaapthi parimithappedutthiyittunne ithinarthamilla. digital yugathile ettavum pradhanappetta munnettangalilonnaanu pejineshante varavu, ithu koppi edittarmaarkku avarude ulladakkathinte nirmmaanatthilum punaravalokanatthilum kooduthal niyanthranam nalkunnu, koodaathe aadhunika softweyarile soukaryapradamaaya savisheshathayaanithu. prograamukalude ennam vardhichukondirikkumbum, chila koppi edittarmaar avarude adisthaana pravarthanangalilum chumathalakalilum valia mattamonnum vannitillenn vishwasikkunnu. internettu vastutha parisodhikkal lalithamaakkiyennum facebook, twittar polulla websiteukal vivarangal shekharikkaan sahaayichittundennum mattu koppi edittarmaar karuthunnu. imej selection, serch enchin opttimaiseshan thudangiya mattu digital kazhivukal, thirayal phalangalude drishyaparatha vardhippikkunnu, prathyekichu thalakkettukalil keevedukalkkaayi thirayumbol.
internettu vikasichukondirikkaalu ellah saadhyathakalum undengilum ithu koppi edittinginte mothatthilulla praadhaanyatthe thadassappedutharuthu. soukaryathinu anukoolamaayi sariyaaya parishkkaranangal avaganikkaan pralobhippikkaamenkilum, softweyarilum saankethikavidyayilum ellaayppozhum apdettukal undakumennathinaal oru edittarude srishtiyude vishwaasyathayum gunanilavaaravum nilanirtthanam. roopangal vikasikkumbol pathrapravarthakarkkum mattu ezhuthukaarkkum avasarangal undaakum.

