shimron

jesreel thaazhvarayile oru puraavastu sthalavum prakrithi samrakshana kendravumaanu tell shimron (hebru тел смрон).
puraathanakaalangaliludaneelam israayelinte vadakkulla oru pradhana nagaratthinte peraanu shimron. bybilil eee perilum mattu kaalaghatta srothassukalil shimon ennum ithu paraamarshikkappedunnu. puraathanakaalatthinte avasaanathil ithu simonias (ebraera симония) enna perilaanu ariyappettirunnath. samuni ennum ezhuthappetta tell samunia ennaanu nagaratthe thirichariyunnathu.
aadhunika mosav nahaalaalinte vadakkukizhakkaayi nazaret parvathanirayude padinjaaran attathu, thaazhathe galilic jesreel thaazhvaraykkum edayilulla athirthiyilaanu tell shimron sthithi cheiyunnathu. thaazhathe galeeli parvathanirakaludeyum jesreel thaazhvarayudeyum kavalayilulla athinte sthaanavum aco samathalavumayulla saameepyavum eee pradeshathe vyapara paathakalude pradhana bhagamaakki maatti.
sameepa varshangalil, jesreel thaazhvara praadeshika padhathiyumaayi sahakarichu eee sthalam khananam cheiyukayaanu.
sarvekalum khananangalum.
khananangalum sarway.
1982ll yuval porchugali avner raban chernnu eee saittil sarway nadatthi. madhya venkala II, pershyan, hellenistic, roman kaalaghattangalile niravadhi shavakudeerangal kandethalukalil ulppedunnu, ennaal chalcolithic, aadyakaala venkala I avashishtangal saittin chuttum kandethi, koodaathe chuttumulla pradeshathe puthiya shilayuga pravartthanatthinte thelivukalum.
israel puraavastu authority khananam.
2004, 2008, 2010 varshangalil israel antiquities authoritye (iaa) prathinidheekarichu nooritt faigh yardana alexander chernnu "tell shimron" thottaduthaayi puraavastu khananagal nadatthi.
2004-leeii khananam.
bettu sarsir-nahalal junction roadle vaidyutha thoonukal sthaapikkunnathinu munbu nooritt faigh iaak vendi oru rakshaasamghadanaykku nirddesham nalki. naalu chathurangal khananam cheythu, avayil moonnennam roadinte tholil sthithicheyyunnu, naalaamathethu padinjaaru 200 meter aayirunnu.
aayirunnu khananam.
kaarshika kettidangalude nirmmaanathinu munbu pheeg mattoru iaa rakshaasanghadana nadatthi. eee khananam aadyakaala, madhya venkala kaalaghattatthilum roman kaalaghattatthilumulla niravadhi cheria mathilukalum manpaathrangalum polulla parimithamaaya kandethalukalkk kaaranamaayi. flint avashishtangal navashilaayugathilum aadyakaala venkalayugathilum nilanilkkunnu.
chalcolithic khananam.
iaak vendi mattoru rakshaasanghadana nadatthi, ithavana yardana alexander. rooad 75 veethikoottunnathinu munbu nahalal jangshanu sameepam khananamaanu nadathiyathu. ibu, intermediat venkala samayat parimithamaaya adhiniveshathinu thelivukalundaayirunnuve madhya venkala yugathil oru grameena vaasasthalam kandethi. parimithamaaya roman avashishtangalum kandethi.
tell shimron khananagal.
2016ll tell shimron khananam tell thanne gaveshanam aarambhichu.  danielle emm aanu padhathi samvidaanam cheiyunnathu. maastarum marrio eiii. ezz. martin tell aveevu sarvakalashaalayileyum ail veethan collegileyum instittyoott oof archaeology prathinidheekarichu. prathinidheekarichu prarambha sarway porchugaliyudeyum raabanteyum munkaala pravarthanangalkku samanamaaya nigamanagalil ethi. madhya venkalayuga avashishtangal uparithalathinu sameepam kandethi, pilkkala kaalaghattangal kooduthalum kunninkoottatthinte madhyabhaagathaanu prathinidheekarichirunnathu; ennirunnaalum, bhoovisthritha radar magnettometri parisodhanakal pilkkala kaalaghattangalil ninnulla chila pradeshangalil emm. bii. stharangal pothinjathaayi velippeduthi, ithu 2017,2019 varshangalile khananathilekku nayichu.
khananathinte aadya rund varshangalil madhya venkala yugam, irumbukaalakhattam, pershyan kaalaghattam, hellenistic kaalaghattam, roman kaalaghattam ennivayude avashishtangal kandethi. 
tell shimron khananagal 2021-ll khanana pravartthanangal thudarnnu, muun varshangalile pravartthanangal thudarnnu.
charithravum puraavasthushaasthravum.
navashilaayugam.
tell shimronil valare kurachu puthiya shilayuga vasthukkal maathrame kandethiyittulloovengum chalcolithic khananathil oru ppnb ambadayaalavum vaadi raaba samskaarathinte avashishtangalum kandethi.
chalcolithic.
chalcolithic khananathil chalcolithic kaalaghattatthile gazulian samskaarathinte apoorva thelivukal kandethiyittundu.
aadyakaala venkala yugam.
aadyakaala venkala nirakalkk mukalil madhya venkala avashishtangal ullathinaal, shimronile aadyakaala venkala yugathinte vishadamaaya chithram nedaan prayaasamaan. eee sthalam aadyamaayi settil cheythathum moonnaam noottaandil settilmentil oru vidavu undayirunnathaayum sarvekal soochippikkunnu.
madhya venkala yugam.
madhya venkalayugathil tell shimron ettavum valia 19.5 hectoraayirunnu. emm. bii. aii execution teksttukalil eee saitt paraamarshichittundu, athinte valipavum sthaanavum soochippikkunnathu valarunna thuramukhangaludeyum jesreel thaazhvara vyapara paathayudeyum parasparabandhithamaya vyapara shringalayile oru pradhana ulnaadan nagaramaayirunnu ithu. emby II-ll kandethiya oru silindar mudra, emby samayat oru pradhana vyapara paathayile oru saittayi shimroninte anthaaraashtra swabhaavam kooduthal saakshyappeduthunnu. pothuve, emm. bii. kaalayalavil kuthichuyarunna nagaravalkkaranatthinteyum kottakal nirmmikkunnathinum anthaaraashtra vyaapaarathinum oru valia pravanathayude bhagamaanu shimron.
saittinte thekkupadinjaaran moolayil, madhya venkala kaalaghattatthile aabhyanthara kettidangal khananam cheythu. lohavela polulla karakaushala vyavasaayangal ulppede madhya venkalayugathile dainamdina jeevithathinte thelivukal veedukalil ninnu kandethi.
saittinte acropolisil, kizhakk, madhya venkala kaalaghattatthile smaaraka avashishtangal kandethi. eee pradeshathe manpathrangal kaalakramatthil thaazhnna nagaratthile aabhyanthara pradeshavumaayi saamyamullathaanenkilum gunanilavaaravum roopangalum vyathyasthamaan. udaaharanathinu, niravadhi poornnavum vighadichathumaaya naharia vilakkukal kandethi. thaazhnna nagaratthile gaarhika pravarthanangaludeyum acropolisile smaaraka kettidangaludeyum samyojanam madhya venkala yugathile avastha vyathyaasathekkurich padikkaan rasakaramaaya oru cases nalkunnu.
bce pathinezhaam noottaandile allengil randaam madhya venkala yugathile silindar mudra 2017 seasonil tell shimronil kandethi. pazhaya syrian classic shailiyil hemattait kondu nirmmicha ithinu 1.5 centimeter neelavum 8.5 centimeter veethiyum 2.5 millimeter vyaasamulla dwaaravumundu. oru simhav simhav oru manushyan staaginum ethire pooraadunnathum rund kazhukanmaarum oru suryan chandrakala pooraattatthil chithreekarichirikkunnathum mudrayil chithreekarichirikkunnu. koodaathe, oru muyalinteyum kaalayude thalayudeyum iruvashathum chithram varachittundu. pathinezhaam noottaandile anthaaraashtra swabhaavam kaanikkunna eejipt, mesopotamia, vadakkan syria ennividangalil ninnulla swaadheenangalil ninnaan chithreekaranangal varachirikkunnath.
venkalayugathinte avasanakaalam.
randaam sahasraabdathinte madhyathil shimron kurachumaathram churungiyennu sarvekal soochippikkumbol, vadakkan kaanaanile oru pradhana rajakeeya nagaramaayirunnu athennu amarna aksharangal saakshyappeduthunnu. 225-ll 261-lum 224-ll shimronile rajaavaaya sammu-haadiye faravoyude oru saamanthanaayi chithreekarichirikkunnu. shimroninte praadeshika sambadvyavasthayude oru bhagam dhaanya ulpaadanamaanennu iii. eiii 224 soochippikkunnuvennu thonnunnu, avayil chilath aduthulla eejipshyan gaarisanukale pinthunaykkaan pookum; ennirunnaalum, iii. eiii 8 marichaanu soochippikkunnathu. mattu kathukalil paraamarshichirikkunna shimronile athe bharanadhikaariyaaya summ-hadda akkoyile sutana thante oru kaaravane akramichathaayi baabilonile buraburiyash faravonode paraathippedunnu. eee vaachakam oru pradhana vyapara pathayil shimroninte sthaanam mathramalla, aco polulla paashchaathya shakthikalumaayulla sakhyathe soochippikkunnu, ithu cypriot metteeriyalukal pinthunaykkunnu.
irumbu yugam.
venkalakaala kottakalile oru sailo katt cheytha lohayuga avashishtangal kandethi. 2019 leeii khananam irumbukaala avashishtangalekkurichu karsanamaaya anweshanam anuvadichillenkilum, sailoyil kandethiya asamblej megido wick samaanamaan, ithu irumbukaalathe thaazhnna pradeshangalile "kaananait" janasamkhyaye soochippikkunnu. oru venkala bracelettum electrum sheeting ivide ninnu kandethi.
irumbukaalathe tell shimroninte krithyamaaya raashtreeyavum saamoohikavumaaya aabhimukhyam vyakthamalla. yoshuva 11-nte abhipraayathil, shimron rajaavu hazor rajaavumaayulla sakhyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu, athu yoshuvayodu parajayappettu. joshuvayile sebuloon gothratthinte vihithathinte bhagamaanu shimron.
ettaam noottaandil, shimron tiglath pileser III nasippichirikkaam. tiglath pileser III-nte charithrangalude oru bhaagathil assyriakkaar pidicheduttha vividha nagarangal rekhappeduthiyittundu. atharamoru saitt, pattika moshamaayi thakarnnittundenkilum, "samhana" ennu punasthaapichu, ithu nadav naman mattullavarum shimronumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
pershyan kaalaghattam.
ettaam noottaandil tiglath pileser III jesreelilum lover galiliyilum vanthothil naadukadatthal nadatthi, eee pradeshathe sarvekal soochippikkunnathu noottaandukalaayi janasamkhya kuravaayirunnu ennaanu.  ennirunnaalum pershyan kaalaghattatthil adhinivesham punaraarambhichu. 2004 leeii rakshaasanghadanayil oru pershyan kaalaghattatthile kettidam kandethi, athu oru pothupravartthanam nadathiyirikkaam, ithu eee pradeshathu shimron bharanaparamaya pankundennu soochippikkum.
hellenistic kaalaghattam.
hellenistic kaalaghattatthile kandethalukal tolomic, cellusid kaalaghattangalil ganyamaaya adhiniveshathe soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, randaam noottaandinte madhyathil cellusid niyamam pinvalichathinu sesham eee sthalam kaivashappeduthiyirunno ennu vyakthamalla.
faiginte 2008 leeii khananathil oru nanayam kandethi, athu tolomic kaalaghattatthil aashkelon mintil pathichathaakaam.
saittinte padinjaaran bhaagathe khananangalil antiocus III-nte bharanakaalathe naanayangalude oru shekharam kandethi, eee pradesham tolomic bharanathil ninnu cellusid bharanathilekku marria nimishathil. demetrius randaamante naanayangalum undaayirunnu; athinusesham aaa sthalam upekshikkappettu.
roman kaalaghattam.
onnaam jootha-roman yudhathinte samayathum pothuvarsham 66-ll nagaratthe uparodhicha jootha vimatharum romacar thammilulla yudhavum ivide nadannu. graamatthinte peru paraamarshichukondu josephus, ratri thanne roman decurian, ebutius akramichathaayi prasthaavikkunnu, avan valia samathalathinte chumathalayettirunnu, koodaathe nooru kuthirakalum irunooru kaalalppadayum undaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, avarude kuthirakalkk aaa bhoopradeshathu upayogashunyamaayathinaal roman sainikar pinmaran nirbandhitharaayi ("flavius josephasinte jeevitam", §24).
eee kaalaghattatthil, shimron greekkil simonia ennum rabbinik hebru, aramic bhashakalil simonia ennum vilichirunnu, ennaal palestinian talmud iva randum thammil thulyatha nedukayum "shimron simonia aanennu prakhyapikkukayum cheiyunnu."
raban, pheeg ennivarude sarvekal roman kaalaghattatthile adhiniveshathe soochippikkunnu, pakshe eee sthalam aduthulla sephorisinte bhramanapathatthinte bhagamaayirikkaam. legio-sephoris roadinte oru bhagam 2004 ll shimronil khananam cheythu, eee vyapara paathayude saameepyam shimron gunam cheythirikkaam. mattoru valia ashlar mathilaya vaal 303 2004-ll anaavaranam cheyyappettu, athu athe kaalaghattatthilaanu.
eee sthalathinte madhyabhaagathu, pothuvarsham 1 muthal 3 vare noottaandukalulla niravadhi veedukal 2017ll khananam cheythu. rund veedukalkkum praveshana muttangalundaayirunnu, murikal 'janalakal' ulla kallukondu vibhajichathaayirunnu.eee gaarhika gadanakal roman kaalaghattatthile jootha galilian graamangalude savisheshathayaayirunnu, oru veettil kandethiya' mikway 'baath ulppede.
muslim kaalaghattam.
aadyakaala muslim kaalaghattatthil shimroninte vaachaka thelivukal kuravaanu, athinaal porchugaliyude sarway eee kaalayalavile ettavum mikacha chithram nalkunnu. 78. 3 dunum baisaantain vaasasthalathil ninnu pinmarunna 3.9 dunum famsted, oru kurishuyudha adhiniveshathe thudarnnu nirmmichathaanennu porchugali anumaanicha 12.8 dunum mamluk graamam enningane rund vyathyastha vaasasthalangal porchugali thiricharinju.
pinneedu, shimron ishtori haparchi ("kaftor vaa-ferra", chaa. xi, 1322-ll ezhuthappettathaanu).
1799-ll piyari jacotin nepolian adhiniveshathil ninnulla oru bhoopadatthil "sammouni" enna perilulla oru graamam ivide kaanichu. 1838-ll edward robinson ivide "semuni" enna oru cheria arab graamam kandethi, 1852-ll addeham athu veendum rekhappeduthi.
1867-ll oru koottam jarmman templermar eee sthalathu oru aadyakaala jarmman templer koolani sthaapikkaan shramichu, athu malaria kaaranam parajayappettu.
1875-ll victor guerine eee sthalam sandarshikkukayum ingane rekhappeduthukayum cheythu
"ippol poornnamaayum nasippikkappetta oru cheria purathana nagaratthinte pingamiyaanu ippozhathe graamam. avar kaivashappedutthiya sthalathinu kizhakk oru vrithaakrithiyilulla otappetta kunnu uyarunnu, athu ellah dishakalilekkum samathalathe niyanthrikkunnu, orikkal athinte kodumudiyil oru mathil kondu chuttappettirunnu, athil chila adayaalangal ippozhum avasheshikkunnu. eee kunnu orupakshe kottakettiyathaayirikkanam. kizhakode valanjirikkunna ithu padinjaaru vashath nagaratthilekku saavadhaanam charinjukondu thaazhathe kunnin mukalile kunnukal moodunnu. avayil, mannu moodunna vividha avashishtangalkkidayil, muricha kallilulla oru kettidatthinte avashishtangal njaan kandethi, poornnamaayum thakarkkapettu, orikkal nirakalaal alankarikkappettu, athu sthalathu kidakkunna rund vikrutha shafttukal saakshyappeduthunnu. oru kristhyan palliyayirikkuvaanaayi kizhakk muthal padinjaaru vare nirmmichathaanu eee kettidamennu thonnunnu.
"mattoru sthalathu muppathiyanju vegathayum irupathiyanchu veethiyum ulla oru valayam njaan kandu. doore ninnu nokkumbol ithu puraathanamaanennu thonnunnu. ennirunnaalum, aadhunika kaalathe ellah valuppathilumulla kallukal kondaanu ithu nirmmichirikkunnathu; avayil takarnna shavakudeera sthambhangalum ulppedunnu.
1881-ll, pephinte "padinjaaran palestine sarway" (ezz. dablyu. pii) ithine moonnu neeruravakalulla oru kokkinarile oru cheria graamamaayi visheshippichu, orupakshe 100-ll thaazhe nivaasikalullathaan. 1887 muthalulla oru janasamkhyaa pattika kaanikkunnath "semuni" yill 100 oolam nivaasikalundennaanu; ellaavarum musleengalaanu.
jesreel vaali reyilveyude nirmmaanathinaayulla sarveyude bhaagamaayi 1900-ll gottleab shumachar, "anarogyakaramaaya avasthayum mosham vellavum kaaranam graamam [1881-leeii ezz. dablyu. pii surveik sesham] vardhichillennu" abhiprayappettu. udamasthanaaya sarsok tyle kallukal kondu moodappetta niravadhi veedukal nirmmichu."
britiish bharanakaalakhattam.
sarsok vaangalinte bhaagamaayi jootha samooham eee pradesham etteduthu. 1936ll eee sthalam moshavim prasthaanatthinte oru kaarshika pariseelana kendramaayi maari. ivide pariseelanam nediya oru samgham nahalalil ninnu varikayum kibbuts hanita sthaapikkunnathu thudarukayum cheythu.
1948ll kibbuts timorim eee sthalathu sthaapikkappettu. 1953ll timorim oru mosav shitufiyaayi maarukayum kaarshika bhoomiyude abhavam kaaranam raajyathinte thekk bhaagathekku maarukayum cheythu. ithu ozhinjukidannappol, migdal hemekinum ramat yishaik vendi niyogikkappetta puthiya kudiyettakkaarkkulla oru maa 'baara (traansit camp) aayi ithu maari.
prakrithi samrakshana kendram.
1965-ll apple-ring akkeshya (siin) samrakshikkunna 28-dunum prakrithi samrakshana kendram prakhyaapichu. akkeshya albida) eee sthalathu valarunna marangal. israelile eee marangalude ettavum vadakke attathulla sambhavamaanith. aafrikkayilum middle eesttilum kaanapedunna apple ring akkeshya naitrajan sthireekaranam, vilakalkkulla mannolipp niyanthranam, bhakshanam, paaneeyam, marunnu ennivaykkaayi upayogikkunnu. mazhakkaalathu elakal choriyunna ithu kaarshika vanavalkkaranathil valareyadhikam vilamathikkappedunnu, kaaranam vayal vilakalkkidayil avaykku nizhal nalkaathe valaraan kazhiyum.

