haithsingh

viyannayile 13-aamathe munisippal jillayaan hightsing (). maddhya jillakalkku padinjaaru, maidlinginu padinjaaru aanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. niravadhi paarppida kettidangalulla janasaandrathayulla nagarapradesamaanu hightsing, ennaal shonbron kottaarathodoppam vienna vanathinte valia pradeshangalum ithil ulppedunnu.
bhoomishaasthram.
pathimoonnaamatthe jilla nagaratthinte padinjaaran attathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, avide athu weinerwaldinte athirthiyilaanu. thekk bhaagath lighting, kizhakk mideling, 1954 vare haitsinginte bhagamaayirunna pensing, vadakku rudolfshime-phanhaus ennivayaanu. vadakkan athirthiyude bhooribhaagavum viyan nadiyaanu roopappedunnathu.
parambaraagathamaayi, ithine aarr bhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu "hightsing" (vadakkukizhakku), "anttar saankt veett" (vadakkupadinjaaru), "obar saankt veett" (anttar saankt veettinte padinjaaru), "hacking" (obar saankt veettinte vadakkupadinjaaru), "lines" (bhoomishaasthraparamaaya kendram), "speesing" (thekk).
koodaathe, pannikal adhivasikkunna weinerwaldile oru valia paarkkaya lainser teargarten, skonbran kottaravum chuttumulla paarkkukalum haitsinginte bhagamaanu.
jilla vibhagangal.
aarr muun munisippaalittikalil ninnaan hightsing roopeekarichathu.-vettu, ober-stt.-vettu, hacking, lains, speesing enniva ippol ombathu catestralgeminden aayi thirichirikkunnu. catastralgeminden aarr muun munisippal pradesangalumaayi vishaalamaayi yojikkunnu. rosenberg athinte swantham sconbroon cathestralgeminden roopappeduthunnu. jilla pradeshatthinte valiyoru bhaagavum pradhaanamaayum lainser teargarten ulkkollunna cuttustralgeminde aadu auhofilekku varunnu. cuttestralgeminden huteldorfinteyum unterbongartenteyum (14-aamm jilla) oru cheria bhagam polum hightsinger pradeshathaanu.
jilla munisippaalittikalude sensus kanakkukal samyojippikkunna audyogika sthithivivarakkanakkukalu sensus jillakalilum jilla pradeshatthinte oru vibhajanam undu. haitsinginte pathinonnu sensus-jillakal ivayaanu skonbran, hightsing, ouhofstrass, obar-stt.-veett, jamindeburg-jagdslosgas, lains, maxing, speesing, altershime lains (innu geriatricentrum aam weinerwald), lainser teargarten, friedenstad. bhagikamaaya perukal thammil poruthappedunnunde, sensus-jillakalude athirthikal kaathastraaljemindante athirthikalumaayi poruthappedunnilla.
bhoomi upayogam.
vikasithamaaya hightsing pradeshathu jillayude vistheernnam 21.5% (33.3% vienna-wide) maathrame ulppedunnulloo, ithu vienna munisippaalittiyude randaamathe ettavum kuranja moolyamaanu. paarppida mekhalakalkkum saamskaarika, matha, kaayika vedikalude (pothu aavasyangalkkaayi neekkivachirikkunna) motham pradeshathinum idayil 78.7% muthal 16.5% vare sthalam thanne vitharanam cheiyunnu. thaarathamyena uyarnna eee kanakk oru viennees tounshippil krishiyidathinte valare kuranja anupathavumaayi (vikasippikkenda pradeshatthinte 4.3 sathamaanam) thaarathamyappeduthunnu.
haitsingile greenspace 71.7% nte oru punk edukkunnu. lainser teargartente ettavum valia pradesham ulppedunna viyannayile ettavum uyarnna moolyamaanithu. pachappulla sthalathinte eathaandu aii. dii. 2 vanangal, pulmedukal, paarkkukal enniva 6.3 sathamaanavum cheria poonthottangalil 2.5 sathamaanavum kooduthal pachappulla sthalangalaanu. kaarshika bhoomiyum (1.5%) ozhivusamaya pradeshangalum (10.8%) harita bahirakasha pradeshangalude oru cheria anupatham maathramaan.
haitsingile vellam 0.8% vistheernnathilaan (lainser teargartenile weinerwald aruvikal). jilla mekhalayile gathagatha pradeshangalude anupatham 6.0 sathamaanamaanu, viyannayilaan ettavum kuranja moolyam.
charithram.
viyannayude graamatthil ninnu praanthapradeshathekku.
haiso" allengil "hesso" ("heinrich" ennathinte hraswa roopam) ennathil ninnaan "hightsing" enna peru uruthirinjathu. aadyathe aadhikaarika paramarsham varunnath 1130-ll ninnaan. 1253 muthal closternuberg abbe prathyakshappettu. ettavum pazhaya swathukkal altgass pradeshathaayirunnu, athinte vadakku (weinflus kanaalinte disha) kannukaali pulmedukalum kurachu thekkan vayalukalum vipuleekaricha munthirithottangalumaayinu. kunigalberginte sameepath nilavile heatsinger semiteriyude mekhalayilum oru kwariyum manal kuzhikalum charal kuzhikalum undaayirunnu, avayude vasthukkal sconbron kottayude nirmmaanatthil upayogichirunnu.
aadyathe turkish uparodhathin (1529) munbu, uyarnnuvarunna veenju nirmmaana sthalamaayirunnu hightsing. kanatha naashathinu sesham sthalam vegathil veendeduthu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte madhyathil munthirithottangale krishiyidangalaayi parivartthanam cheyyaan thudangi. theerthaadana kendramaaya "maria haitsingi" nte vardhichuvarunna janapreethikk sealsorginte vipuleekaranam aavashyamaayirunnu. theerthaadakarkku ratri thamasikkaan kazhiyunna reethiyil gaayakasanghavum community innum sthaapichu.
randaamathe turkish uparodham (1683) eee sthalatheyum sheshikkunna munthirithottangaleyum nashippichu. aaa sthalam eathaandu janavasam kuranjirunnu, puthiya vaasasthalam pathukke maathrame munnott pooyittulloo. nasippikkappetta 1683 cutterberginte sthalathu nirmmicha kottayaaya scoenbruninte nirmmaanam oduvil muun graamatthile haitsinginte valia kuthippilekku nayichu. saamraajyathva kottaaratthinte saameepyam sakthamaaya nirmmaana pravartthanangal konduvannengilum athu prabhukkanmarkkum udyogastharkkum thaamasasthalangal srishtikkaan ithuvare kazhinjittilla.
pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum veedukalude ennathil undaaya druthagathiyilulla vardhanavu eee sthalathinte ghadanaye maatti. uyarnna saamoohika sthaanam vahikkukayum venalkkaalam chelavazhikkukayum cheytha aalukalaanu puthiya veedukal nirmmichathu. eee varavu graamavaasikalude varumaana saadhyatha vardhippikkukayum innuvare haitsinginte prathichaaya roopappeduthukayum cheiyunnu.
1860-ll, nilavile jilla pradeshathu aadyathe aadhunika gathagatha maarggam ethi sent. vettu, lains aandu speesing. valare janasandrata kuranja mekhalayiloodeyaanu annu train kadannupoyirunnathu.
samyojanam.
1890/1892 ll, nilavile jilla pradeshangal (lainser teargarten mrgashaala illaathe), vienna weanflassinu vadakkulla praanthapradeshangal pensing, braittansi bongarten, hutteldorff enniva samgrahichu, pinneedu 13-aamm jillayayi samyojippichu, hightsing enna peril.
vienna vaali linotoppam viennees oopparettad damphlox sitti train (1981 muthal yuu-train-lineukal yuu 4) upayogichu 1899 muthal 1925 vare haitsingil ethi. 1907 muthal electric street kaar lainukaliloode (munbu kuthirasavaari) jilla nagara kendravumaayi bandhippichu. obar-sttinu sesham jillayude padinjaaru bhaagathekku vyaapichukidakkunnu.-thekk bhaagath, thekk bhaagath, moverilekku (innu 23-aamm jilla), molling, akkaalat lover austriyayil, oru dampframway kurachu varshangal koodi nayichu.
mayer kaal leugerinu keezhilulla vienna nagaram (padam 1902-1904), jilla-vibhagamaaya leynsil, shekharicha 31 kettidangal oru "cair hoome" aayum pinneedu oru retairment homaayum pinneedu oru nazhsing homaayum nilavil geriatricentrum aam weinerwald (vienna vanathile geriatric sentar) ennariyappedunna kettidangalude nirmmaanathinu anumathi nalki.
rohts child foundeshan 1912-ll jilla-sekshan speasingle oru ashupatri thurannu, athu innum nilavilunda naadi rogathinulla nathaniel freeher voonn rohts child foundeshan-vienna nagaratthinte neurological sentar-rooss hill; athinulla pradesham viyannayil prathyekamaayi samyojippichu.
sangeetha charithratthil, vinodamaaya haitsinger kaphe dommayer ("cheviyil allengil rusting walts, [...] oru gaanathil vilikkappettathupole ithu dommayer zaa 'hausil ninnaan varunnath).
france joseph chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathe ariyappedunna rund heatsinger nivaasikal "walts rajaavu" johann stross randaaman, chakravartthiyude vishwasthayaaya catherina shraatt ennivaraayirunnu. chakravarty polum, thante avasana varshangalil, varsham muzhuvan sconbrunilum angane jillayilum thaamasikkukayum 1916 ll ivide marikkukayum cheythu. prashastha chithrakaaranmaaril, egon sheel 1918 ll 13-aamm jillayil vachu marichu.
yudhangalkkidayilulla kaalaghattatthil varkk alayans settilment nirmmichathu sradheyamaanu.
sradheyamaanu athinte anantharafalangalum.
1938 march 12 nuu, austriya ippol germmaniyude bhagamaayathum austmaarkku ennariyappedunnathumaaya jootha pouranmaare 'audyogika' neekkam aarambhichu. palarum purathaakkappedukayo kollappedukayo cheythu. avarude swathukkalum villakalum "aaryanakkappettu". corner lainser strassilum vensgassilum sthithi cheiyunna blimeshane kudumbatthinte villa 1945 eprilil redu armi stettu rajistraar kaal rener viyannayile aadya thaamasthalamaayi labhyamakki. (innu eee kettidam viyannayile iranian embassyaanu.)
viyannayude vadakkulla jilla pradesham, 1938 october 15-leeii naasi-praadeshika parishkaranatthil (grettar-vienna kaanuka) puthiya 14-aamathe jillayayi prakhyapikkappettu, athinusesham rudolfshime undu funfhousine 15-aamathe jillayilekku kootticherthukondu eee jilla nambar ozhinjukidannu. eee punarvitharanatthiloode, 1934 muthal haitsingil 1,40,000 nivaasikalil 94,000 pere nashtappettu.
13, 14 jillakalile majistrettu nilavil haitsingilaanu.
1938/1939 ll, naasi bharanakoodam skonbroonile shloss paarkkin pinnilulla oru phesant gaardanil sainika nirmmaanam aarambikkukayum oru ss baarakkukal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. sayudha seena upayogikkunna maria tereza baarakkukal allengil fassengarten baarakkukal enna perilaanu ithu ippol ariyappedunnathu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, pradhana vyavasaayangalo pradhana railway lainukaloo illaathirunnathinaal mattu jillakale apekshichu valare cheria bomb naashanashtangal jilla kaanichu.
kaanichu sesham.
epril epril redu aarmiyude vienna aakramanathilaanu vienna pidikoodiyathu. 1945 leeii sarathkaalam muthal 1955 leeii sarathkaalam vare vienna naalu sakhyashakthikalude kaivashamaayirunnu, anchaamathe jilla britiish sektarinte bhaagamaayirunnu-britiish sainyathinte paredukal skonbran kottaaratthinte pradhana muttathu nadannu, avarude aasthaanamaayi upayogichu. 1952ll, austriyan chithramaaya "1. epril 2000" (samvidaayakan wolfgang libiner) enna chithratthile pradhana ramgangal avide chithreekarichu, athil 2000ll austriyan sarkkar oduvil adhinivesha shakthikalil ninnu mochanam nedunnu. chithratthil, aayirakkanakkin aalukal kandathupole oru bahirakasha pedakam ehrenhoffil erangunnu.
erangunnu praadeshika parishkaranatthiloode lainser teargarten nagarapradeshatthinte bhaagamaayi maari. 1956-ll hightsing aadyamaayi samyojippikkappettu, athinte falamaayi uparithala vistheernnam valare kooduthalaayi. athuvare athu jillayudethaayirunnu.
1960 kalude avasaanam muthal, oorf pravartthikkunnu, ithu rolland rainer roopakalppana cheyyukayum 1975 ll oorf sentar kunigelberg poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu, athil central tivi, radio studiyokalum directormaarum pothu prakshepanatthinte maanejmentum sthithicheyyunnu. 13-aamm jillayile nissaramaaya kunninte peru austriyan maadyama charchayil oorfinte paryaayamaayi upayogichu. kettidam, athinte nirmmaanathinum naveekaranathinum 40 varshathinu sesham, oorfinte saambathika prasnangal 2008 ll chavittimethikkukayum cheythu, instittyoottinte aasthaanam sthalam maattaanaayi.
1997ll bertagas aandu wastelgass mekhalayile rosenhugalil (rooss hill) jillayile athirthiyil oru cheria maattam varuthi, ithu pradhaanamaayum oru cheria grameena vaasasthalathe baadhichu.
jillayude charithrathekkurichulla vishadaamshangalkku, jilla vibhagangal kaanuka; 1938-ll verthirichedutha jillayude bhagangalkkaayi, kaanuka pensing.
janasamkhya.
janasamkhyaa vikasanam.
1869ll hightsing jillayude nilavile pradeshathu 9,808 nivaasikal maathrame undaayirunnulloo. akkaalat janasandrata kuranjirunnathinaal, sthiramaaya janasamkhyaa valarchayulla churukkam chila jillakalil onnaayirunnu hightsing. onnaam lokamahaayudham aarambhikkunnathin munbu, 1910-ll 34,883 nivaasikalulla janasamkhya moonnirattiyiladhikam vardhichuvenkilum pinneedu valarcha mandagathiyilaayi. 1971ll jillayile janasamkhya 57,068 aayi uyarnnu, ithu innuvareyullathil vachu ettavum uyarnnathaan. adutha rund pathittaandukalil janasamkhya 4 sathamaanam kurayukayum pinneedu pinneedu 10 sathamaanam kurayukayum cheythenkilum sahasraabdathinushesham kramena vardhichu. 2001 muthal, vienna nagaratthiludaneelamulla janasamkhya vardhichuvarikayaayirunnu, hightsing ulppede. 2007-nte thudakkathil janasamkhya 51,120 aayirunnu.
janasamkhyayude ghadana.
2001-leeii heatsinger janasamkhyayude sharashari praayam viyannayile saraashariyekkaal valare kooduthalaayirunnu. penshankaarude veedukalude uyarnna saandrata, leynsile oru valia nazhsing hoome (weinerwaldile geriatricentrum), videshikalude valare cheria anupatham ennivayaanu adisthaanangal. 15 vayassinu thaazheyulla kuttikalude ennam 13.0% aayirunnu, ithu 14.7% enna vienna saraashariyekkaal alpam kuravaanu. ennirunnaalum, 15 muthal 59 vayass vareyulla janasamkhyayude anupatham, 56.8% (vienna 63.6%), saraashariyekkaal valare kuravaayirunnu. 2001ll 60 vayaso athil kooduthalo praayamullavarude anupatham 30.2% (vienna 21.7%) aayirunnu, ithu viyannayile motham janasamkhyayil ettavum uyarnnathaan. 2001-ll praayamaayavarude uyarnna anupatham kaaranam, viyannayil ettavum kooduthal sthreekal hitsingil earppettirunnu 44.3% purushanmaar, 55.7% sthreekalaayirunnu. vienna nagaratthiludaneelamulla 41.2% neey apekshichu vivahitharaaya haitsinginte ennam 42.8% aayirunnu, athinaal viyannayude saraashariyekkaal alpam kooduthalaanu [6].
uthbhavavum bhashayum.
2005-ll videsha jilla nivaasikalude anupatham 10.4% (vienna nagaratthiludaneelam 18.7%) aayirunnu, 2001-ll viyannayil (7.9%) sakthamaaya valarchaa pravanathayundu. 2005ll ettavum kooduthal videshikal germmaniyil ninnulla pouranmaarude jilla janasamkhyayude ekadesham 2.1 shathamaanamaayirunnu. ettavum kooduthal jarmman videsha nivaasikalulla jilla enna nilayil akathe nagarathinu aduthaayirunnu heatsing. backie 1.4 sathamaanam serbiayileyum montenegroyileyum pouranmaarum 0.7 sathamaanam poolish pouranmaarum 0.5 sathamaanam turkish pouranmaarum 0.40 sathamaanam slovac pouranmaarumaanu. 2001ll, hightsing jillayile motham janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 1> austriyayil janichavaraayirunnilla. ekadesham 1.9% perr serbian bhashayilum 0.5% turkish bhashayilum 1.0% croatian bhaashayilumaan samsaarikkunnath.
mathaparamaya mungananakal.
2001ll 13-aamm jillayile janasamkhyayude mathaparamaya mungananakalude vitharanam viyannayile saraashariyekkaal valare vyathyasthamaayirunnu. roman catholicaraaya (vienna 49.2%) nivaasikalil 57.7% ullathinaal, viyannayile ellah jillakalilum ithu ettavum uyarnnathaan. roman catholica edavakakalil 8 jillakalundu, nagaratthile deanary 13 chithrangalaanu. koodaathe, oru vienna jillayude ettavum uyarnna moolyamaaya protestant mathavishwaasikalude sathamaanam 7.4 shathamaanathilethi. maruvashathu, vyathyastha mathangalulla aalukalude anupatham valare kurravaayirunnu 1.7% islam mathavishwaasikalkkum 2.1% yaadhaasthithikarkkum ariyappedunnu. thangalkk mathasamoohamillennu aii. dii. 1 parayunnu, backie 6.6 sathamaanam perr ithinekkuricho paraamarshicha mattethenkilum mathathekkuricho oru vivaravum nalkiyilla.
raashtreeyam.
<bii. aarr.>
bhooripaksha party enna nilayilulla pankum athuvazhi jilla directorude avakaashavaadavum ezz. pii. oo. pii. yum oo. vii. pii. yum thammilulla rashtreeya partykal thammil valarekkaalamaayi tharkkathilaanu parambaraagathavum yaadhaasthithikavumaaya paarppida parisarangal, "pothu bhawana" samuchayangal, valia nazhsing hoome lains, randum pradhaanamaayum saamoohika janaadhipathya vottarmaarullavayaanu. yudhaananthara varshangalil, thudakkathil 1946 muthal 1959 vare, ovipi jilla directore niyamichu. pinneedu, bhooripaksham marimari övp allengil spö partyil ninnulla ettavum kooduthal vottukalaayi maari. 1978 muthal, ettavum valia partyenna sthaanam veendedukkaan oovipikku kazhinju; avarkk innuvare eee sthaanam nilanirthaan kazhinju.
1991 muthal ovipi bhooripaksham thaarathamyena sthirathayullathaanenkilum, 1996 muthal aarambhicha pilkkala thiranjeduppu phalangalil, soshyal demokraattukal thaazhnna nilayilekku vazhuthiveenu, athil ninnu prathyekichu freedam party (efpio), liberal phooram (life) ennivaykku prayojanam labhichu. labhichu 2001lum efpioyudeyum laifinteyum thiranjeduppu paraajayangalkk sesham, spoic vottukal veendedukkaan kazhinju. 2005ll greens freedam party (eph. pii. oo) marikadannu moonnaamathe sakthamaaya shakthiyilekku uyarnnu.
oru intermesoic sesham 2010-lum spoyude parajaya-parambara thudarnnu, aaa varsham oovpinum greensin vottukal nashtappettu, koodaathe efpio, bio, life enniva avarude vottukal vardhippikkum. vardhippikkum thiranjeduppil oovipi vottu veendeduthappol spoik greensin seettukal nashtappettu. munkaala jeevithavumaayi oru party sakhyam roopeekarichathinu sesham avarude aadya jilla thiranjeduppil neosinu 2 seettukal nedaan kazhinju.
kottu oof ams.
hightsing jillayude mukalbhagam anchu bhagangal ulkkollunnu hightsing (madhyam), hacking (mukalil idathu), saankt veett (mukalil valath), speesing (thaazhe idathu), lines (thaazhe valath). vruksha kireedatthil, rund maalaakhamaar chuttum kurishile svarnnakiranangalil yesukristhuvinoppam kanyaka meriye kaanunnu. marathinadiyil naalu karshakar praarthikkunnu.
chinnathil daivamaathaavinte uthbhavathekkurich oru aithihyamund, mathramalla hightsing enna perinte uthbhavavum undu. randaam turkey uparodhakaalath, heatsing appozhum oru cheria gramamaayirunnu. thurkkikal munneriyappol, oru valia ookku maratthinte kireedatthil thante edavaka palliyil ninnu oru vilayeriya prathima olippichu aduthulla viyannayil abhayam thedendivannu. naalu yuva karshakar oru divasam vijanamaaya nagaratthilekku kadannirunnu. avidevechu, avare oru turkey patrolling udan thadavilaakki oru maratthil kettiyidukayum cheythu prathima olippichirunna maratthil. nirbhaagyakaramallaatha naalu perum daivamathavinodu praarthikkaan thudangiyappol avarude changalakal veenu, maratthil ninnu oru shabdam ingane ucharichu "hiyaats eng!"(neeyonnu ketto! allengil "sookshikkuka!"). naalu manushyarudeyum rakshaykkulla nandiyode, daivamaathaavinte eee munnariyipp vaakkukalude perilaanu eee sthalam ariyapettath; kaalakramena peru "hightsing" ennu maatti.
kazhchakal.
pazhaya taunn sentar oof heatsinghil

