
manninte punarujjeevanam

punarudhaarana paristhithi mekhalaykkullile paaristhithika punarujjeevanatthinte oru prathyeka roopamenna nilayil, manninte punarujjeevanam puthiya mannu srishtikkukayum manninte aarogyam punarujeevippikkukayum cheiyunnu uparithala manninte nashtam kuraykkuka, kshayichathinekkaal kooduthal kaarban nilanirthuka, jaivavaividhyam vardhippikkuka, sariyaaya vellavum poshaka saikling nilanirthuka. kalavastha vyathiyaanathinte vardhichuvarunna bheeshaniyodulla prathikaranamaayi kaarban mannu verthirichedukkal, mannolippinulla saadhyatha kuraykkuka, mothatthilulla manninte prathirodhasheshi vardhippikkuka thudangiya niravadhi gunangal ithinu undu.
manninte adisthaanangal.
manninte gunanilavaaram.
manninte gunanilavaaram ennaal "athinte pravartthanangal nirvahikkaanulla" manninte kazhivu ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu."vaividhyamaarnna aavaasavyavasthayude sevanangalude avibhaajya gadakamaanu mannu. bhakshanam, mrugangalude theetta, naarukalude uthppaadanam, kalavastha mithathwam, maalinya nirmarjanam, jala shudhikaranam, moolaka saikling ennivayum athilereyum eee sevanangalil ulppedunnu. jaivavasthukkal (vighadippikkunna sasyangal, mrugangal, sookshumaanukkal), jaivarashi (jeevajalangal, mrugangal, sookshumaanukkal), vellam, vaayu, daathukkal (manal, cheli, kalimannu), poshakangal (naitrajan, kaarban, phoosphoorus) enniva chernnathaanu mannu. sasyangalude mikacha valarchaykku, kaarban-naitrajan anupatham 20-30:1 nilanirtthanam. jaivavaividhyam prothsaahippikkunnath aarogyakaramaya mannu nilanirthunnathil pradhaanamaan. vaividhyamaarnna chedikal valarthuka, ellaayppozhum mannu mooduka, oru jeevanulla verukal nilanirthuka, manninte aswasthatha kuraykkuka ennivayiloode ithu cheyyaan kazhiyum. macro, micro oorganaiseshanukal vighadanam, poshaka saikling, rogathe adichamarthal, anthareekshathile kaarban dye ooksaid mithamaakkal thudangiya prakriyakale sahayikkunnu. manninte rhisosphere sookshumaanukkalumaayi sasyangalkk prathyekamaayi sahajeevabandhamund. verinodu chernnulla eakaagrathayulla sookshumajeevikalude pravartthana mekhala" yum vellavum poshakangalum eluppathil labhyamaya pradesavumaanu rhizosphere. sasyangal sookshumaanukkal visarjjikkunna poshakangalkkaayi carbohydrateukal kaimarunnu, vyathyastha carbohydrateukal vyathyastha sookshumaanukkale pinthunaykkunnu. chattha sasyangalum mattu jaivavasthukkalum mannile vaividhyamaarnna jeevajaalangale pooshippikkunnu. mannirakalum chithalukalum polulla jeevikal mannile sthoolajeevikalude udaaharanangalaan. ningalkk gunanilavaaramulla mannu undennathinte nalla soochana keedangaludeyum rogangaludeyum abhaavamaan. jaivavaividhyathinte kuravu keedangaludeyum rogangaludeyum apakadasaadhyatha vardhippikkunnu.
manninte apachayam.
manninte eathenkilum gadakangal valare kooduthalo valare kuravo ullathinaal athu manninte naashathinu kaaranamakum. udaaharanathinu, uyarnna kalimannu ullathinaal vaayusanjaaravum jalathinte praveshanakshamathayum kuraykkunnu. mattoru udaaharanam, sasyangalude valarchaykku phosphorus naitrajan athyaavashyamaanengilum avaa uyarnna alavil vishaamshamullavayaan ennathaanu. manninte apachayathinte ardham manninte gunanilavaaram kuranjathaanu, ithu aavaasavyavasthayude pravartthanangal kurayunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu ennaanu. bhoomiyude moonnilonnu bhoomi mannine nashippichu; prathyekichu 500 dasalaksham hector visthruthiyulla ushnamekhalaa, uposhnamekhalaa pradeshangal. bhouthikavum rasaparavum jaivaparavumaya sakthikal moolamaanu manninte apachayam sambhavikkunnath. eee sakthikal swaabhaavikavum naravamshajanyavumaayirikkam. mannolipp, sankochangal, sookshumajeevikalude pravartthanam enniva kuraykkunnathinu kaaranamakunna oru bhauthika udaaharanamaanu uzhuthumarikkal. mannolipp "nagaratthile manninte gunanilavaaram abhimukeekarikkunna ettavum gurutharamaaya prasnangalilonnaanu", koodaathe mannillaathathinaal prashnam kooduthal vashalaakunnu. mannu orumichu thallukayum kadinamaakukayum cheyyumbol vaayuvum vellavum nilanirthaanulla kazhivu kurayukayum cheiyumbozhaanu sankochamundaakunnathu. ithu mannolipum vellappokkavum vardhippikkukayum nalla verukal valarthaanulla sasyangalude kazhivine kuraykkukayum jaivavaividhyam kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu. manninu thaazheyulla verukalude gadanaykku kedupaadukal sambhavikkunnathinte mattoru udaaharanamaanu amita mechilppural, ithu jalathinte praveshanakshamatha kuraykkunnu. acidification, salinisation, poshakangalude leaching, toxin malineekaranam enniva raasa nasheekaranatthinte chila tharangalaanu. khananam, maalinya samskaranam thudangiya vyaavasaayika prakriyakalil ninnu vishavasthukkal mannil adinjukoodaam. jaivavaividhyanashtam, harithagrihavaathakangal puranthallal, kaarbaninte alavu kurayal, kaarban verthirichedukkaanulla sheshi kurayal enniva chila jaivashasthraparamaaya udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. manninte apachayamundaayo ennu nirnnayikkanulla ettavum pravachanatheethamaaya maarggangalilonn athinte jaiva kaarban alakkuka ennathaanu. manninte jaiva kaarban pool manninte falabhooyishtathaykku valare pradhaanamaan.
kalavastha vyathiyaanavum kaarban chakravum.
kaarban chakravum kalavastha vyathiyaanavum thammil kaaryamaaya bandhamund. mikka harithagriha vaathakangalum praadhamikamaayi kaarban kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, suuryan choodaakkunna choodulla vaayu troposphere oru thadassam srishtikkunnathiloode anthareekshathil ninnu purathupokunnathil ninnu thadayunna oru prabhavam avaa srishtikkunnu. kalavastha vyathiyanathekkurichulla anthar gavanmental paanal parayunnathanusarichu, manushyarude pravartthanangal ulppaadippikkunna harithagriha vaathakangalaanu 1950kalkk sheshamulla aagola kalavastha vyathiyaanathinte ettavum pradhanappetta kaaranam. manushyarude edapedalillaathe, kaarban saikkil ennariyappedunna vividha aavaasavyavastha prakriyakaliloode kaarban neekkam cheyyukayum mannilekku veendum avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu. gathagatham, krishi thudangiya vividha maargangaliloode vyaavasaayika viplavam muthal manushyar aagola kaarban chakrathe ganyamaayi swaadheenikkunnu. eee pravarthanangaliloode, eee carboninte bhooribhaagavum lithosphere ninnum biosphereukalil ninnum anthareekshathilekku oru dishayilekku neengi. phoosil indhanangaliloodeyum theevramaaya krishiyiloodeyum bhoomiyude pedosphere prakrithidatha kaarbaninte bhooribhaagavum anthareekshathilekku purathuvidukayum harithagriha vaathakangalkk kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu.
punarujjeevana reethikal.
"ningal manninayi jolie cheiyukayaanenkil mannu ningalkk gunam cheyyum."mannu punarujjeevippikkanum manninte gunanilavaaram mechappeduthaanum samrakshana krishiyiloode bhoomi kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu polulla niravadhi maargangalund. manninte sambathu kurayunnathinte pradhana gadakangalilonnaanu krishi. oru charitraparamaaya avalokanam paranjathupole, "thwarithappeduthiya mannolipp sthirathaamasamaakkiya krishiyude thudakkam muthal bhoomiye baadhichittundu, aadyakaala naagarikathayude uyarchayilum pathanatthilum ithu oru pradhana prasnamaanu."oru feeld seasonil oro seasonilum oru tharam vilakal maathram vilavedukkunna monoculture polulla chila kaarshika reethikalkku kaarban mannu illaathaakkaan kazhiyum. oro tharatthilulla chedikkum valaraan aavashyamaayatho allengil mannilekku thirike sthaapikkaan kazhiyunnatho aaya oru prathyeka poshakaghadakangal ullathinaal ithu mannil ninnulla poshakangal illaathaakkunnu. sasya vaividhyathinte abhaavathil chila poshakangal maathrame agiranam cheyyappedukayulloo. kaalakramena eee poshakangal mannil ninnu illaathaakum. kooduthal susthiramaaya kaarshika samvidaanam srishtikkunnathinum manninte aarogyam vardhippikkunnathinumala sameepanangalude oru vyapakamaaya vibhagamaanu kaarshika paristhithishaasthram. eee samrakshana kaarshika reethikal aarogyakaramaya mannu nilanirthaan niravadhi saankethikavidyakalum vibhavangalum upayogikkunnu. cover cropping, vilakalude bhramanakramam, manninte aswasthatha kuraykkuka, malchu nilanirthuka, samyojitha poshaka maanejment ennivayaanu chila udaaharanagal. kaarban verthirichedukkal vardhippikkukayum phoosil indhanangalude upayogam kuraykkukayum cheiyunnathu ulppede niravadhi gunangal eee reethikalkkundu.
prakrithidatha paattenukalum prakriyakalum upayogichu manninte kaarban alavu vardhippikkaan sramikkunna oru samvidaana chinta sameepanamaaya oru tharam samrakshana krishiyaanu permaakalchar ("sthira", "krishi" ennivayil ninnu). uyarnna kaaryakshamathayulla bhakshya uthppaadanam prolsaahippikkunnathum manushya pankaalitthatthe aashrayikkunnath kuraykkunnathinum susthiravum prathirodhasheshiyullathumaaya aavaasavyavastha srishtikkunnathinum sasyangal, mrugangal, prakrithichakrangal ennivayekkurichulla arivinu sakthamaaya oonnal nalkunnu. systethilekku mazha pidichedukkunnathinulla karyakshamatha vardhippikkunnathinu manahpoorvamaaya landscaping ulppedunna saankethikavidyakaliloodeyo payarvarggangal polulla naitrajan aavasyamulla sasyangalkk sameepam naitrajan fixing plaantukal sthaapikkunnathiloodeyo ithu saadhyamaakum. vividha sasyangaludeyum mrugangaludeyum prakriyakaludeyum paraspara bandhangalude upayogam permaculturile oru pradhana sanbradaayamaanu. saadhyamaakumbozhellaam thaddesheeya sasyangal upayogikkanam, avayude verukal mannilekku aazhathil nuzhanjukayaraan vellam sahayikkunnu. kaarshika paristhithishaasthrathil samagramaya maanejment enna ashayavum ulppedunnu. aasoothrithamaaya mechilppurathinu manninte aarogyam mechappeduthaanum biomass vardhippichu marubhoomivalkkaranathinte phalangal vipareethamaakkaanum kazhiyumennu avakaashappedunna allen ruchiyude pravartthanatthil ninnaan eee sameepanam udaledukkunnathu. mannil kaarban alavu ganyamaayi kurayukayum manninte phalabhooyishtatha valareyadhikam kuraykkukayum cheiyumbozhaanu marubhoomivalkkaranam sambhavikkunnath. ithu sasyangalude valarchaye nirnnaayakamaayi thadassappeduthunnu sasyangalillathe manninu vendathra vellam pidichunirtthaan kazhiyilla, kaalakramena varandathum pottunnathumayi maarunnu. jaivavasthukkal, poshakaghadakangal, manninte jaivavaividhyam enniva punarujjeevippikkunnathi shradha kendreekarikkunna rund vyathyastha reethikalaanu parmakalcharum samagramaya maanejmentum. mannil kooduthal jaivavasthukkal ullathinaal, prakrithi aavaasavyavasthaye nilanirthaan kooduthal kaarban verthirichedukkaan kazhiyum.
jaivamo ajaivamo aaya niravadhi tharatthilulla mannu bhedagathikalum undu. vishavasthukkale verthirikkuka, manninte piechu santhulithamaakkuka, poshakangal cherkkuka, jeevikalude pravartthanam prolsaahippikkuka thudangiya vividha reethikalil avaa manninte gunanilavaaram prothsaahippikkunnu. manninte nilavile avastha eathu tharatthilulla bhedagathiyaanu, ethratholam upayogikkanam ennu nirnnayikkum. manninte ghadanayum ghadanayum mechappeduthuka, piechu santhulithamaakkuka, hevi mettal toxinukalude jaiva labhyatha parimithappedutthuka thudangiya kaaryangalkkaanu ajaiva bhedagathikal saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnathu. kshara, dhaatu enningane rund tharatthilulla ajaiva bhedagathikalundu. maram charam, nilathu chunnaambukallu, chuvanna cheli enniva ajaiva bhedagathikalude chila udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. dhaatu bhedagathikalil jipsum, dred cheytha vasthukkal enniva ulppedunnu. jaiva bhedagathikal jaiva pravartthanam, jalathinte praveshanakshamatha, manninte ghadana enniva mechappeduthunnu. udaaharanathinu, malchu mannolipp kuraykkukayum manninte thaapanila nilanirthaan sahayikkukayum cheiyunnu. jaivavasthukkalal sambannamaaya compostil bhakshanam, sasyangal, mrugangalude maalinyangal thudangiya vighadicha padaarthangal adangiyirikkunnu. compoost cherkkunnath manninte eerppavum poshakaghadakangalum vardhippikkukayum jaiva pravartthanangal prolsaahippikkukayum cheiyunnu. compoost srishtikkunnathinu thaapanila, kaarban-naitrajan anupatham, vellam, vaayu ennivayude shradhaapoorvamaaya niyanthranam aavasyamaanu. kaarban niranjathum uyarnna thaapanilayile vighadana prakriyaya pyrolysis vazhi srishtikkappedunnathumaya oru bhedagathiyaanu biochar. mrugangalil ninnulla maalinyangal saadhaaranayaayi avayude valam, saadhaarana mannu bhedagathikalaanu. eerppavum poshakaghadakavum athu vanna mrugathe aashrayich vyathyaasappedum. malinajala soukaryangalil ninnulla upolppannamaaya biosolidukal pole manushya maalinyangalum upayogikkaam. biosolidukalil poshakaghadakangal kooduthalaayathinaal avaa mithamaayi upayogikkanam.