
austin-bergstrom anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalam

american aikyanaadukalile texasile oosttinil grettar austin metropolittan eriyayil sevanam nalkunna oru anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalamaanu austin-bergstrom anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalam athawa abiya. austin nagarakendrathinu thekkukizhakkayi sthithi cheiyunna ithinu rund ranvekalum moonnu helipaadukalum undu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathil kollapetta oosttinil ninnulla aadya vyakthiyaya kyapttan joonn august erl bergstrom enna udyogasthante perilulla bergstrom vyomasena thaavalatthinte sthalathaanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu. 1990 kalude thudakkathil bays nirthalaakkukayum 1999 ll oosttinte pradhana vimaanathaavalamaayi roobert mueller munisippal vimaanathaavalathe maattisthaapikkaan upayogicha nagaratthilekku bhoomi thirike nalkukayum cheythu. dallas/fort varthu, hoosttan-intercondinental ennivaykku sesham texasile moonnaamathe tirakkeriya vimanathavalavum amerikkayile 28-aamathe tirakkeriya vimaanathaavalavumaanu ithu. vadakke americayileyum europileyum 76 lakshyasthaanangalilekk saadhaarana pravrithidivasathil 510 varavum purappaadukalum undu.
charithram.
thudakkam.
1942ll austin nagaram bhoomi vaangukayum oru sainika sthaapanathinaayi american aikyanaadukalile federal gavanmentinu bhoomi sambhavana cheyyukayum cheythu, sarkkaarin aavashyamillaathappol nagaram bhoomi thirike nalkumenna vyavasthayodoppam. eee bhoomi burgstrom vyomasena thaavalamaayi maari. 1942 septambar 19nuu austin nagaratthil ninnu paattatthinu nalki dell vaali airfield sajeevamakki. 1941ll philippeensile clark feeldil kollapetta 19-aamm bombardment groupile reservist kyapttan joonn august erl bergstromere bahumaanaartham 1943 maarchil bays peru bergstrom armi airfield (aaf) ennu maatti. randaam lokamahaayudhathil kollapetta aadyathe austinait addehamaayirunnu. 1947 septambaril yunaittad stetts airforce yunaittad stetts army verpirinjathode peru veendum bergstrom airfozhs bays ennu maari. 1990 kalude thudakkathil nirthalaakkunnathuvare ithinu eee peru undaayirikkum, 50 varshathilereyaayi 1995 ll ellah sainika vyomayaanavum nirthalaakki.
pazhaya roobert mueller munisippal vimaanathaavalathe austin athivegam marikadannathode, 1971 ll thanne federal eviyeshan administration oosttinum saan antoniyoyum samyukthamaayi oru praadeshika vimaanathaavalam nirmmikkanamenn nirddeshichappol thanne nagaram oru puthiya vimanathaavalathinulla oopshanukal pariganikkaan thudangi. oru vimanam pidikkaan antharsamsthaana 35-ll saan antoniyoyilekku paathivazhiyil drive cheiyunnathine kurachu austinaittukal pinthunachathinaal aaa ashayam nirasikkapettu. pinneedu, 1976-ll bergstrom vyomasena thaavalam samyukthamaayi upayogikkunnathinulla oru nirddesham nagaram american vyomasenaykku samarppichu. 1978-ll vyomasena eee nirddesham athinte pravartthanangale valareyadhikam thadassappeduthunnuvenna nirasichu.
1980kalil, muellerinu chuttumulla ayalpakkangal vendathra rashtreeya sammarddam cheluthukayum parigananayilulla sthalangalil ninnu oru puthiya vimaanathaavalathinaayi oru sthalam thiranjedukkaan sitti kaunsiline nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. 1987 novemberil, menarinu sameepamulla oru sthalathe nirnnayikkunna oru hitaparisodhanaykku watermar amgeekaaram nalki. nagaram bhoomi ettedukkaan thudangiyenkilum siyera clubble ninnum mattullavaril ninnum maanar lokkeshanekkurichum athinte paaristhithika prathyaaghaathathekkurichum ashankaakularaaya kesukal nerittu.
1991ll bays resainment aandu closher kammeeshan burgstrom eiii. eph. bii. yeei adachupoottunnathinaayi thiranjedutthappol, bhoopradesavum ranvekalum oru sivilian vimaanathaavalamaayi parivartthanam cheyyaan nagarathinu anumathi nalkiyappol, eee kottaaratthil oru puthiya vimaanathaavalam nirmmikkanulla padhathikal upekshikkappettu. eathaandu pradhana ranve ulppede nilavilulla soukaryangal polikkaruthennum usaf sammathichu. kottaarathinadutthu puthiya vimaanathaavalam nirmmikkanulla yadhaartha padhathi upekshikkaan sitti kaunsil theerumaanikkukayum pakaram vimaanathaavalam bergstrom saittilekk maattaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. kaaliforniyayile saan josile puthiya vimaanathaavala vipuleekaranathinaayi aduthide airport design teamine nayicha sivil enchineeyaraaya joonn aalmandine oosttinile puthiya 585 dasalaksham dollar vimaanathaavalathinte project director austin nagaram niyamichu. nagaratthinte udamasthathayilullathum pravarthippikkunnathi oru puthiya vimaanathaavalathinaayi 400 dasalaksham dollarinte boond referendum 1993 meyy maasathil praadeshika public afayezhs kansalttant doonn martin, annathe mayer broose tooad ennivar nadatthiya prachaaranatthiloode pothu vottinaayi samarppikkukayum 63 sathamaanam vottukalkku amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. 1994 novemberil puthiya vimaanathaavalathinte tharakkallidal aarambhichu.
1995 october 23nuu 10 dasalaksham dollar bajatullathum munbu yuu. ezz. vyomasena upayogichirunna pazhaya gopuram "polichumaattiya" sesham, eyar traaphik kantrolarukal ulla oosttininte ettavum uyaram koodiya praadhamika kettidatthinte () nirmmaanam aarambhichu. annathe nilavile president bill klintan thante parivaarathodoppam athunnathinu oru varsham munbu poortthiyaaya puthiya gopuram, airfozhs vanninu karayil erangaan anumathi nalkaan praapthamakki. ithu puthiya vimaanathaavalathilethunna "aadya yaathrakkaaran" aayi presidentine maatti.
vyomasenayude pradhana ranveyaaya 17r/35l, athinte mikka taxivekalilum kedukoodaathe sookshichu, kaaranam athinte uyarnna bhaara rating dairkhyameriya neelavum nirmmaanachelavu kuraykkumbol valia deerghadoora vimaanangalude aathyanthika sevanam sugamamakkum. pradhana ranveye terminal complexumaayi nerittu bandhippikkaan puthiya taxiway vibhaagangale anuvadikkunnathinaayi bergstaminte yadhaartha secondary ranveyaaya 17ell/35aarr adaykkukayum bhaagikamaayi polichuneekkukayum cheythu. pazhaya 17ell/35aarinte avashishtangal oru sarvees rodaayi upayogikkunnu, ivideyaanu vimaanathaavalam adiyanthara parisheelanathinaayi upayogikkunna boying 727 paarkk cheiyunnathu. terminal saittin kizhakk 9,000 adii 17l/35r enna nilayilulla oru maattisthaapikkal kettidavum property thekk pakuthiyil oru pothu vyomayaana samuchayavum nirmmichu. yadhaartha kantrol tower ulppede nilavilulla mikka sainika kettidangalum polichumaattukayum puthiya terminalinum ganyamaaya parking soukaryangalkkum vazhiyorukkunnathinaayi vrithiyaakkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum thekk oru hanger complexes parking tarmac nilanirthukayum praadhamika ranveyude vadakkukizhakkaayi tarmac oru bhagam nilanirthukayum cheythu, ithu vimaanathaavalathinte charakk terminalinte aditharayaayi maari. nilavilulla mattu chila paalangal nilathu vaahanangalkkulla praveshana rodukalaayi parivartthanam cheythu, athesamayam vadakkupadinjaarulla kudumba bhawana pradesham samathulithamaakkum, ennaal chila roadukal texas gathagatha sevana soukaryathinaayi sookshichirunnu. kaundi thiruthal soukaryavum shereefinte pariseelana academy ulppede airfieldinu sameepamulla niravadhi travis kaundi soukaryangale parivartthana padhathi baadichittilla.
1999ll muellerude aii. eiii. tii. eiii coode oof oos edukkunnathuvare mueller avasaanamaayi adaykkunnathuvare bergstrom bii. ezz. emm.-nte lokkeshan identifier undaayirunnu. flaitt scheduling rooting sambandhicha prarambha prasnangal bergstrom samaantharamaayi eathaanum aazhchakal mueller pravarthippikkunnathinu nirddishta padhathikalkku kaaranamaayi, ennaal muellerinu sameepamulla thamasakkaar eph. eiii. eyodu abhyarthichukondu atharam sramangal thadanju, avar oos identifier kaimaattam vaikippikkaano muellerinaayi oru puthiya airport coode nalkano visammathichu. 1999 meyy 23nuu austin-bergstrom pothujanangalkkayi thurannu.
thurakkunnu.
raajyathe ettavum dairkhyameriya vaanijya ranvekalil onnaaya austin-bergstrom anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalam 1999 meyy 23 nuu pothujanangalkkayi thurannu. barbera jordan passenture terminal yadhaarthathil 18-gettu terminal soukaryamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, athinekkaal alppam kooduthal kaalppaadukalund. ennirunnaalum, nirmmaana samayat abiya vikasippichukondu jettu paalangalulla 24 kondaakt gettukalum (gettu 2-gettu 25 ennu namakaranam cheythu) jettu bridjillatha oru gettum (gettu 1 ennu namakaranam cheythu) motham 660,000 chathurashra adii kaalppadukalaayi.
dallas-fort varthu internaashanal airportinum (dii. eph. dablyu) australiyaykkum edayilulla american, deltta airlines sevanathinu purame dallas lavu feeld (dall), austin ennivaykkidayilulla southu vestt airliancinte shedule cheytha sevanavumaayi malsarikkaan american airlines theerumaanichathinaal dallas-fort varthu metroplexil ninnu oosttinilekku ganyamaaya ennam nirthaatheyulla vimanangal sarvees nadathunna samayathaan vimaanathaavalam thurannathu. aaa samayat, metroplexil sthithicheyyunna rund praadhamika vimaanathavalangalil ninnu austin vare mainline jettu vimanangalumaayi ellah aazhchayilum 42 nirthaatheyulla vimanangal sarvees nadathiyirunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, hoosttan pradeshathu sevanamanushtikkunna rund praadhamika vimaanathavalangalil ninnu eee samayat ellah pravrithidivasangalilum motham 24 nirthaatheyulla vimanangal eee oog pattikappedutthunnu, vilyam pii. hobby airport (hau), jorjju bush intercondinental airport (iaa), oosttinilekku.
sameepakaala charithram.
sameepa varshangalil oosttinte janasamkhyayum saambathika praadhaanyavum vardhichathode, dallasileyum hoostanileyum nilavilulla kendrangaliloode yaathrakkaare vazhithirichuvidunnathinum airlineukal vimaanathaavalathilekk puthiya nirthaatheyulla vimanangal avatharippikkunnu, ithu yaathrakkaarude ennathilum austin-bergstrom nonstoppu sevanathilum naadakeeyamaaya valarchaykku kaaranamaakunnu.
terminalinte aadya vipuleekarana padhathi 2015 venalkkaalath poortthiyaayi. manikkooril 600 ladhikam yaathrakkaare prosess cheyyaan kazhivulla varavu thalatthil vipuleekaricha kasttams, immigration soukaryam, rund aabhyanthara bagej claim belttukal, ticket thalatthil vipuleekaricha suraksha checkpost enniva chertthu. 2019ll, terminalinte kizhakk bhaagathekku 350 dasalaksham dollar koottichertthathode ombathu puthiya gettukal cherkkapettu, ithu motham gettukalude ennam 25ll ninnu 34 aayi uyarthi. valia vimanangal nadathunna adhika vimanangal ulkkollunnathinayi eee gettukal akaleyaan. idungiya body vimanangal ulkkollumbol gettukal 1 + 3, gettukal 2 + 4 ennivaykku parasparam swathanthramaayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyum, allengil valia, wide body vimanangal boarding oopshanukal nalkumbol duval jettu-bridge konfigareshanil oru gettinte vaathil eiii, vaathil bii enningane pravartthikkaan kazhiyum. anthaaraashtra, aabhyanthara vimaanagalkk soukaryamorukkaan kazhiyunna flexible yoos gettukalude ennam randil ninnu aarayi uyarnnu.
vimaanathaavalathinte aadyathe atlaantik kadalmargamulla sarvees, lunden-heathroyilekkulla sarvees, 2014 maarchil britiish airways udghaadanam cheythu.
vimaanathaavalathinte druthagathiyilulla valarchaykku anusrithamaayi, 2017 epril 13 nuu moonnu gettu southu terminal thurannu. 40 varshathe paattatthinu keezhil lonstaar airport holdingukalulla oru swakaarya kambani 12 dasalaksham dollar chelavil terminal nirmmichu. terminal bergstrom airfozhs basil ninnulla oru kettidam veendum upayogichu, outtdoor waiting eriyakalum phudu-truck retail eriyayum chertthu. jettu paalangalillaattha kavaadangal hardstaandukalaanu, avaa ultra kuranja chelavil vimaanakkambanikal maathram upayogikkunnavayaan.
vyomayaanathil covid-19 mahamariyude swaadheenam lavu feeldilum hobby vimanathaavalathilum ullathinekkaal aazhathilulla vimana vettikkuravukalkk kaaranamaayi, ennaal 2021 novemberil, american airlineukal austin-bergstrom vimaanangalil valia vardhanavu aarambhichu, ithu vimanathavalathile deerghakaala aadipathyamulla vimaanakkambaniyaaya southu vestt airlineukalumaayi malsarikkunna american dainamdina gathagatham vahikkunnathin kaaranamakum. munkaalangalil cheythathupole american athinte aabhyanthara kendrangalilekkulla vimaanangalil shradha kendreekarikkunnathinum austin, pradhana vipanikal ennivaykkidayil niravadhi nerittulla vimanangal shedule cheyyukayum vipuleekarana padhathikalude bhaagamaayi airline oru puthiya admirals club lonchinte nirmmaanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. vimaanangalude vardhanavu austin-bergstrom veendum texasile ettavum tirakkeriya noonn-hubb vimaanathavalamaakki, hobby snehatheyum ganyamaaya maarjinil marikadannu.
2022ll austreliya athinte 23 varshathe charithratthil ekkaalatheyum record sthaapichu, 2021 neey apekshichu aii. dii. 1% vardhichu, aii. dii. 2> yaathrakkaarkk sevanam nalki. 2022ll austin-bergstrom maasatthile ettavum tirakkeriya masamaayirunnu ithu.
bhaviyil.
varum varshangalil, 2040 oode 31 dasalaksham yaathrakkaare pinthunaykkuka enna lakshyathode austreliya oru valia vipuleekaranathinu vidheyamaakum (1999 ll thurannappol 11 dashalakshathe apekshichu). eee valarchaye ulkkollunnathinayi, oru puthiya midfield konkozhs nirmmikkumbol austreliya nilavile barbera jordan terminal opttimais cheyyum. koodaathe, vimaanangalude sanjaaram vardhikkunnathinaayi rund puthiya taxivakel nirmmikkum. 2019ll australian oostreliyayude 2040 maasttar plan anthimaroopam nalkiyengilum covid-19 mahamari kaaranam pravartthanam nirtthivaykkukayum 2021 joolaiyil oru puthiya padhathi aarambikkukayum cheythu, ithu pakarchavyaadhiyude prathyaaghaathangal kanakkiledukkunnathinaayi 2040 maasttar plan sweekarichu.
padhathiyude aadya ghattathil pradhana terminalil ninnu basukal nalkunna vidoora haard staand gettukal cherkkum. terminal aapraninte thekkukizhakkan bhagam aarr vimana boarding sthaanangal vare ulkkollunnathinayi punarnirmmikkum. thudakkathil, basukal 13-aamm thaalkkaalika gettil ninnu pravartthikkukayum gettu 11-nuu sameepam kooduthal vipulamaaya buzz gettu soukaryam nirmmikkaan vimaanathaavalam padhathiyidukayum cheiyunnu. eee haard staand gettukal vegathil nirmmikkappedunnu, pakshe adhika pravartthana velluvilikal srishtikkunnu, athinaal avaa oru hraswakaala parihaaramaayi kaanapedunnu, tirakkeriya samayangalil maathrame avaa upayogikkaavoo.
padhathiyude randaam ghattam barbera jordan terminalinte padinjaaru bhagam moonnu gettukal cherkkunnathinum moonnaam ghatta nirmmaana samayat gettukal maattisthaapikkunnathinum sarveesil ninnu neekkam cheyyappedum. aadya rund ghattangalil vimaanathaavalathinte suraksha checkpostum ticket eriyakalum vipuleekarikkukayum bagej kaikaaryam cheyyal samvidaanam naveekarikkukayum cheyyum.
padhathiyude moonnaamatheyum ettavum abhilashakaravumaaya bhagam nilavilulla barbera jordan terminalumaayi (konkozhs eiii) oru bhoogarbha kaalnada thurankavumaayi bandhippichirikkunna oru puthiya midfield konkozhs (konkozhs bii) cherkkum. konkozhs bick thudakkathil 10 gettukal undayirunnirikkumenkume bhaaviyile valarchaykku anusrithamaayi motham 32 gettukalaayi vikasippikkaan kazhiyum.
moonnaam ghattathil southu terminal polikkendathundu, ithu athinte oopparettaraaya lonstaar airport holdingle ninnu oru kesilekk nayikkum. 2016ll oppitta 40 varshathe pattakkaraar vimaanathaavalam lamghikkukayaanennum terminal nirmmikkunnathinum pravarthippikkunnathinu ekadesham 50 dasalaksham dollar nikshepichittundennum kambani parayunnu. 2023ll, oru kodathi lonstaarumaayi yojichu, vaadaka takarkkaan vimaanathaavalam 90 dasalaksham dollar nashtapariharam nalkendathundennu vidhichu.
soukaryangal.
terminalukal.
vimaanathaavalathinte pradhana terminalaya barbera jordan terminalil motham 34 gettukalund, avayil aarinu anthaaraashtra vimanangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyum. terminalinullil niravadhi restorantukalum bhakshya elavukalum undu, avayil randozhike ellaam terminalinte surakshita gettu eriyakalkkullil sthithicheyyunnu. lokathinte thalsamaya sangeetha thalasthaanam" enna oosttinte prakhyaapanatthinte manobhaavathinu anusrithamaayi praadeshika baandukal avatharippikkunna oru thalsamaya sangeetha vediyum terminalil undu."
southu terminal ennariyappedunna moonnu gettukalulla oru secondary terminal ultra loow-koost carrierukal eyar, frontier airlineukal upayogikkunnu. barlesson roadle ninnu vimaanathaavala paridhiyude thekk bhaagathulla oru prathyeka praveshana kavaadatthil ninnu southu terminalilekku praveshikkaam; vimaanathaavala groundil ninnu poornnamaayum purathukadakkukayallaathe pradhana vimaanathaavala praveshana kavaadatthil ninno barbera jordan terminalil ninno praveshikkaan kazhiyilla. rund terminalukalkkidayil oru shuttle buzz oodukayum terminalukalkkidayilulla yaathraykk 15 muthal 20 minitt vare edukkukayum cheiyunnu. eee soukaryathinu oru retro roopamundu, passenture gettukalkku jettu paalangal illa; yaathrakkaar padikaliloode vimaanathil kayarunnathinayi oru moodappetta nadathapaathaykku keezhil nadakkunnu.
bhoogarbha gathagathavum praveshanavum.
parking.
barbera jordan terminalil rund parking gaarejukalum aarr uparithala sthalangalumundu. chuvanna garej terminal kettidavumaayi nerittu bandhippichirikkunnu, koodaathe ettavum uyarnna vila eedaakkunnu. terminalinte vadakkupadinjaraayi sthithi cheiyunna neela garej chuvanna garejumaayi bandhippichirikkunnu. bii muthal jii vare aksharangalulla aarr uparithala parking sthalangal neela gaarejinu vadakkaayi sthithicheyyunnu, avaa kuranja vilaykk ekkanomi lottukalaayi brand cheyyappedunnu. kalnadayayo shuttle basukaliloodeyo ikkanomi lottukalil athicheraam.
yaathrakkaare edukkunna drivermarkayi, vimaanathaavala maithaanathinte vadakke attathu oru sell phoon lottu undu. soujanya parkinginu purame, oru kanveeniyans store, niravadhi phaast phudu autlettukal, texaco gyaas steshan ennivayulla oru retail sentarum eee pradeshathundu.
southu terminalinu anchu uparithala sthalangalundu. premium lottu terminal lottinu nere munnilaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, koodaathe ettavum uyarnna vila eedaakkunnu. terminal kettidatthinte vadakkukizhakkaayi sthithi cheiyunna closs-inn lottu pree-paid reservation vazhi maathrame labhyamaakoo. moonnu ekkanomi lottukalum closs-inn lottinu kizhakkayi sthithicheyyunnu, ettavum kuranja vila eedaakkunnu. kalnadayayo shuttle basukaliloodeyo ikkanomi lottukalil athicheraam. southu terminalil oru sell phoon lottum undu, ennirunnaalum pradhana terminalinte retail oopshanukal illa.
pothugathagatham.
thalasthaana metropolittan transportation authority nadathunna root 20, oro 15 minittilum barbera jordan terminalinte varavu thalatthil ninnaan pravartthikkunnathu. eest reverside idanaazhiyiloode oosttinile dountounilekkum texas sarvakalaashaalayilekkum yaathrakkaare kondupookunna eee paatha, maanar rodiloode kizhakode pookunnathinu munbu.
project kanakdu plaaniloode, thalasthaana metropolittan transportation authority blue line laitt reyil, eest reverside idanaazhiyiloode dauntaun oosttinilekkum vadakku oosttinile texas sarvakalaashaalayiloodeyum vadakku lammer/us183 vare oodunna airportinte thekkan terminesairic vimaanathaavalam. blue line nirmmaana chelavu 1.3 bilyan dollaranennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, ithu 2029 ll thanne poortthiyaakkiyekkaam. padhathi (proposition eiii) 2020 november 3 nuu watermar amgeekarichu.
vaadaka kaar soukaryam.
barbera jordan terminalinu vadakkukizhakkaayi oru parking gaarejil oru ekeekritha vaadaka-eiii-kaar sentar (konraak) vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, ithu chuvanna garejumaayi bandhippichirikkunnu. patthu vaadaka kaar kambanikalkku kontaakkinte randaam nilayil passenture sarvees kaundarukalundu, avaykku prathidinam 5,000 vahanangal vare sarvees cheyyaan kazhiyum. 2015 octoberil thuranna eee soukaryam 162 dasalaksham dollar chelavil nirmmichathaanu. oru shuttle buzz southu terminalinum konraakkinum idayil sanjarikkunnu.
taxi, raidu share sevanangal.
kontaakkinte thaazhathe nilayude oru bhagam yaathrakkaarkk taxikalilekkum uber, liftt ennivayulppedeyulla raidu sharing kambanikalilekkum praveshanam nalkunna oru "graundu transportation sentaraayi" pravartthikkunnu.

