
afori

nagara madhyabhaagathinu vadakkaayi sthithi cheiyunna nagaratthinte 9-aamm bharanavibhaagathinte bhagamaaya italiyile milan wardaanu afori. brusano, komasina, bovisasca, dergano, niguwarda ennee vaardukalumaayi ithu athirthi pankidunnu. 1923ll milaanumaayi kootticherkkappedunnathu ithu oru svayambharana "kammyoon" aayirunnu.
charithram.
aforiyile grameena vaasasthalam 915 muthal paraamarshikkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum aadyakaala paraamarsangalil eee sthalathinte peru aphony, aphony, afori allengil avoni enningane pala tharatthil ezhuthiyittundu. eee toponyminte uthbhavam anishchithathvathilaanu; ithu oru roman naravamsanaamamaaya "affer" allengil laattin "aadu phooram" ("maarkkat", orupakshe oru praadeshika maarkkattinekkurichulla paramarsham) allengil "aadu phondam" ("spring", oru praadeshika jaladhara paraamarshikkumbol. milaante mathilukalkk purathaayathinaal afori palliye (sanka yustina eiii fooris) soochippikkaan upayogichirunna "aadu fooris", "outtdoor" ennivayil ninnayirikkaam eee peru ennum abhipraayamund. udaaharanathinu, tisino nadeethadatthinte chila pradeshangalil kaanapedunna oru kudumbanamam koodiyaanu afori ennum nireekshikkappettundu.
aadhunika aforiyile madhyakala borgoyude avashishtangalil oru kaaval gopuram ulppedunnu (ooskulatti vazhi sthithicheyyunnathum pathinalam noottaandilethaanu). tachioli vazhiyum sialdini vazhiyum theruvukalude konukalil aforiyude charitraparamaaya kendram kaanapedunnu.
milane komoyumaayi bandhippikkunna rodilaanu afori sthithicheyyunnathenkilum, eee rooad dvitheeyamaayirunnu, borgoic padinjaaru yathaakramam kadannupokunna pradhana roadukal (aadhunika bovisasca vazhi, kooduthalum sainika aavasyangalkkaayi upayogichirunna) kizhakode onnu (aadhunika giudita paastha vazhi, sivilian, vaanijya gathaagathathinaayi). thalphalamaayi, eee pradhana roadukalkk aduthullatho kadannupokunnatho aaya chuttumulla vaasasthalangale apekshichu aforiyude vikasanam mandagathiyilaayirunnu. aforiyude eee dvitheeyapankathinte anantharafalamaayi, milanese pradesham paivukalayi vibhajichappol borgo rund bhagangalaayi vibhajikkapettu; kizhakkan bhagam brusanoyude paivinum padinjaaran bhagam bolettinte paivinum nalki.
borgoyude sambadvyavastha krishiye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu; athinte pradeshathu niravadhi "kaskin" (krishiyidangal) undaayirunnu. mulberry krishiyum sericulture aayirunnu pradhana varumaana maarggam.
1686-ll piyar pavlo corbella afori prabhuvayi; addeham aaa pradeshathu oru valia bhoomi vaangukayum ippol villa litta ennariyappedunna oru adambara villa nirmmikkaan utharavidukayum cheythu. ithu aforiyude sambadvyavasthaye shakthippeduthi, athu valia thothil villa thanne aasrayichirikkunnu. aforiyude vikasanathinu mattoru pradhana oonnal labhichathu 18-num 19-num idayil, milane komoyumaayi bandhippikkunnathinaayi oru puthiya rooad nirmmichappol; puthiya rooad (ippol imbonatti vazhiyum pellegrino rossie vazhiyum aastesaani vazhiyum komaseena vazhiyum ullathumaayi poruthappedunnu) aforiyiloode kadannupoyi, angane ithu milaante vadakku ettavum pradhanappetta vaasasthalangalilonnaayi maari.
1808-ll nepolian bharanakaalathu afori hrasvamaayi milaanumaayi kootticherkkappettuvettum 1816-ll athinte svayambharanaavakaasham veendeduthu.
1869ll afori, brusano, brezzo, dergano enniva afori iii yoonitti (afori aandu yunaittad) enna peril oru communaayi layichu. 1884-ll brezzo athinte svayambharanaavakaasham veendeduthuvenkilum brusano dergano kammyooninte bhaagamaayi thudarnnu, athu oduvil "afori" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu (1912-ll).
pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, vyavasaayavalkkarana prakriyayude anantharafalamaayi milan athivegam valarukayaayirunnu. aduthulla kammyoonikalumayulla bandham karshanamaavukayum afori nagaratthinte oru jillayayi maarukayum cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasana dashakam muthal milanum aforiyum thammilulla gathagatham athivegam vikasichu, 1882 ll oru reyilveyude nirmmanavum kuthirasavaari tramway sthaapikkukayum 1898 ll oru electrical tramway sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 
1923ll afori mattu niravadhi communicalodoppam milaanumaayi kootticherthappol ithu aupachaarikamaayi.
thaalpparyamulla sthalangal.
milanese pradeshathe ettavum pazhaya sitti parkkinullil sthithi cheiyunna pathinezhaam noottaandile adambara villayaya villa littayaan aforiyude pradhana charitraparamaaya kettidam. milanese prabhukkanmaarude niravadhi kudumbangalaaya corbella, dii 'aada, litta ennivayude udamasthathayilaayirunnu eee villa.
adutha ettavum pradhanappetta smaarakam santa gyoosttina palliyaan; leonardo daa vinsiyude "virjin oof dhii rocks" enna kruthiyumaayi saamyamullathinaal kalaa pandithanmaarude thaalparyam uyarthiya ambrogio dii predisinu nalkia oru painting ivideyundu. amathi loodhiyezhs kudumbam srishticha sradheyamaaya oru avayavavum palliyilundu.
enrico baaj, gunder brus, martin disler, piero gillardy, giuseppe maraniello, closs kaal mercans, aldo spoldy, emilio tadini, bernd simmer thudangiya samakaalika kalakaaranmaarude paintingukalulla pavolo pini art gallery (1995 ll sthaapithamaayathu), baalasaahithyathinteyum komiksukaludeyum corpusinu peruketta oru valia pothu libraryaaya afori library ennivayaanu aforiyile mattu thaalpparyamulla sthalangal. 
gathagatham.
buzz lineukal, tramwakel, railway enniva vazhi afori milan kendravumaayi nannayi bandhippichirikkunnu; milan metro sabweyude rund stoppukal central afori (afori centro), railway steshan (afori efn) ennividangalilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
afori kacheri baand.
1853ll sthaapithamaayathum ippozhum pravarthanakshamavumaaya milanese pradeshathe pramukha charitraparamaaya community baandaaya "corpo myoosikkal gaittaano donisetti" afori aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu. anoupachaarikamaayi eee baand "banda dii afori" (baand oof afori) ennaanu ariyappedunnathu.
raashtreeyam.
lega nord rashtreeya party deseeya aasthaanam afori aasthaanamaanu.

