
rund sisilikalude sainyam

rund sisilikalude rajaavu (riyal esersito dii suva masta ill reey dell regno delle due sisili), borbon armi (esersito borbonico) allengil neopolitan armi (esersito napolettaano) ennum ariyappedunna rund sisilikalude sainyam, rund sisilikalude raajyathile karasenayaayirunnu, avarude sayudha senayil navikasena ulppettirunnu. 1734 muthal 1861 vare ithu nilavilundaayirunnu. poolish pinthudarchaavakaasha yudhathinte sambhavangalethudarnnu thekkan italiyile borbon raajavamshathinte vaasasthalam srishticha puthiya swatantra raashtrathinte karaa sayudha senayaayirunnu ithu.
charithram.
1734ll maathramaan rajakeeya sainyam uyarnnuvannathenkilum, neopolitan, sisilian sainika sthaapanangal valare pazhaya charithrathekkurichu abhimaanikkunnu, ithu oru "stettu" sainyathinte samghadanayil adithara paakunnu (athaayath.iii. 1464ll naplesile ferdinand onnaaman (ippol fudal allatha). prathyekichu, spanish kaalaghattatthil (1503-1714) norman, arab, baisaantain kaalaghattangalil ninnulla purathana sainika paarambaryangalil aragon upayogichirunna achaarangal. eee vyathyastha samskaarangalellam pilkkala borbon kaalaghattatthile sainika achaarangale aazhathil adayaalappeduthi. sisili emirate muthalulla thalappavu polulla vasthukkal ulppede sainika vasthrangalude niravadhi udaaharanangalil ithu kaanaan kazhiyum. eee samayat thekkan italiyile sainikar yadhaarthathil spanish saamraajyathinte mikkavarum ellah sainika sambhavangalilum (chaals vii yudhangal muthal flandezhs yudhangal vare, amerikkayile colonial prachaaranangal muthal muppath varshathe yuddham vare) earppettirunnu, palappozhum spanish sarkkarinodu valia moolyavum vishwasthathayum kaanikkunnu. neopolitan, sisilian pravishyakalile ettavum mikacha fudal prabhukkanmaril petta captainmaarkku speyinile rajaakkanmaar nalkia uracha rashtreeya nirddesham anusarichukondu rund uparaajyangalude prajakale yudhathinu roopappeduthaanum thayyarakkanum kazhinju.
ennirunnaalum, pilkkala borbon kaalaghattatthil, swaathanthryam veendum nediyathode, prabhukkanmaarkk kramena eee sainika swabhaavam nashtappettu, ithu oru rajavamsha mudrayude puthiya kendreekarana nayathinu vazhiyorukki. 200 varshathilereyaayi habsburgukale sevichirunna pazhaya kuleena senaadhipanmaarodulla vishwasthathaykku pakaram puthiya deseeya kireedatthodulla prakopithamaaya vishwasthatha nalkuka ennathaayirunnu borbanmaarude lakshyam. rund sisilikalileyum ferdinand onnaaman aagrahicha parishkarangalaal prothsaahippikkappetta kaalaharanapetta iberian paarambaryangalil ninnulla eee purogamanaparamaaya bhinnatha, pathinettaam noottaandil borbon sainika sthaapanangalkullil "dishaahithyam" srishtichu, ithu eathaandu unmathamaaya punarrachanaykkum parishkaranatthinum kaaranamaayi. rund sisilikalude sainika gadanakalude eee aswasthamaaya parinamam rund sisilikalil ferdinand randaamante sthaanaarohanathode maathrame avasaanichulloo, oduvil raajyathinte sainika samvidaanangale sthirappeduthaanum yukthisahamakkaanum avarkk kazhinju, ithu raajyathin oru deseeyavum rajavamshaparavumaaya mudra nalki. ennirunnaalum, kazhinja 30 varshathe europian, neopolitan rashtreeya chattakkoodukalude parinamam, rund sisilikalude sainyathe poornnamaayum ulppeduthiyirunnathu, rashtreeya viyojip ore borbon bharanasabhaykkethire nerittu tirian kaaranamaayi.
chaals dii borbon.
1734-ll chaals oof borbante paryaveshana seena niyaapolittan pravishyakalum adutha varsham sisili raajyavum keezhadakkukayum avare austriyan viceroyalsiyil ninnu keerukayum cheytha varsham, italiyil erangiya infant doonn carloyude spanish rejimentukalulla aadyathe poornnamaayum deseeya rejimentukalude srishtiye adayaalappeduthi. 
eee sainyathinte katha swaabhaavikamaayum athine pinthunacha rajavamsham jeevichirunna athe kaalaghattavumaayi poruthappedunnu 1734 muthal 1861 vare. ennirunnaalum, 1816 desemberil rund sisilikalude raajyam sthaapithamaayathinethudarnna rund raajyangalude aupachaarika layanathode nepolian kaalaghattatthile neopolitan sainyathinte gadakangalum ulppeduthi eee sayudha seena aazhathil punasamghadippikkappettu. ithu charitraparamaayi sainyathile sisilian amgangalil ninnulla amarshathilekku nayikkukayum 1848 leeii sisilian viplavathil avaril palarum vimatharumayi cheraan idayaakkukayum cheythu. athinaal 1817 muthal, addehathinte raajaavinte rajakeeya sainyathinte audyogika namam "rund sisilikalude raajyathile rajaavu" sweekarichu; randaamathethu, "kadalinte sainyathodoppam", rund sisilikalude raajyathinte sayudha senaye roopeekarichu.
saambathika chikitsa.
udyogastharude shambalathil "bhavanavum furnitureukalum" ulppedunna oru prathimasa "paisa", avar ulppetta aayudhathino shareerathino anusarichu vyathyaasappedunna oru "supersold" enniva ulppedunnu. pension fund roopeekarikkaan sahaayicha 2 sathamaanam withholding taxinu vidheyamaayirunnu eee penni. 40 varshathe sevanathinushesham, allengil 60-aamm vayassil, muzhuvan lalithamaaya "penni" kku thulyamaaya pension upayogichu pinvalikkal nedaan kazhiyumaayirunnu. theerchayaayum, aarogyaparamaya kaaranangalal udyogasthanu neratthe viramikkaam eee saahacharyathil sevanathinte dairkhyathe aashrayich pension kuranja roopathilaanu nalkiyathu. oru udyogasthante ettavum kuranja shambalam prathimasam 23 ducatukal (line infantriyude bishop) aayirunnu, pakaram paramavadhi shambalam prathimasam 290 ducatukal (lefttanant general) aayirunnu. ellah kaaryangalilum, sardinian sainyathile athe raankukalekkaal alppam mechappetta saambathika perumattamaanu royal armi officermaarkku arhamaaya anupaathathil undaayirunnathu.
maruvashathu, sainyathinte saambathika perumaattam pradhaanamaayum "dainamdina shambalam" adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu; shareerangalkkanusarich vyathyaasappedunnu, koodaathe "vasthram", "paripalanam" ennivaykkulla "prathimasa chekkukal" adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu ennirunnaalum, eee chekkukal nerittu sainyathin nalkiyirunnilla, marichu avar ulppetta rejimentukalude director boardukalkku mathramaayirunnu, avar oro sainyathinum vendi vasthrangalum paripalanavum kaikaaryam cheythu. sayudha sevanangalil jolie cheiyunna sainikarkk avar ulppedunna vakuppinte rankinum upayogathinum anusarichu vyathyaasappedunna oru "mobail koolam dayari" labhichu. kuranjathu 10 varshathe sevanamulla sainyathinum seeniority alavansinu arhathayundaayirunnu, athil aayudhangalkk keezhil chelavazhicha kaalayalavinu nerittu aanupaathikamaayi "dainamdina shambalathil" kramanugathamaaya vardhanavu ulppedunnu. sainikarude "dainamdina shambalam" lalithamaaya line kaalaalppada sainikante 10 daanyangal muthal bataaliyan sahaayiyude 54 daanyangal vare aayirunnu. prathimasa vasthra alavans 80 daanyangalkkum attakuttappanikalkkull alavans 40 daanyangalkkum thulyamaayirunnu. seeniyarity alavansil kuranjathu 10 varshathe sevanamulla sainyathin oru daanyavum 25 vayassinu mukalilullavarkku moonnu daanyangalum (vettarans medel) vardhippichu. 1862-leeii rund sisilis duketukal itaaliyan lirayilekku parivartthanam cheythathinte adisthaanathil (1 duchy = 4.25 lear) borbon sainikarude "shambalam" sardinian sainikarude shambalathinu anusrithamaayirunnuvennu manassilaakkappedunnu, ennaal ithinakam thanne royal aarmiyile noonn-kammeeshand officermaarkku sardinian noonn-kammeeshand offeesarmaare (ekadesham 20 sathamaanam) apekshichu valare mikacha shambalamaanu labhichathu. rund sisilikalilum jeevithachelavu valare kuravaayirunnuvennum neopolitan karansiyude moolyam peedmontis karansiyekkaal kooduthalaayirunnuvennum sradhikkendathaanu. neopolitan sainikarude shambalathinte valuppathekkurich oru dhaarana labhikkunnathin avarude dainamdina shambalathe akkaalathe thozhilaalikalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyaan kazhiyum campaniyayile thozhilaallikalkk sharashari prathidina vethanam ekadesham aii. dii. 1 daanyam (daridramaaya pravisyakalil ninnullavar ekadesham pakuthi), lohathozhilaalikalkku prathidinam 75 daanyangalum munnirakkaarkk prathidinam ekadesham 85 daanyangalum labhichu. vilayum valare sthirathayullathum kurravaayirunnu oru pissaykk sharashari 2 daanyangal, 0.75 littar wine 2 daanyangal, 1 kiloo bread 6 daanyangal, 1 kiloo paastha 8 daanyangal, 1 kiloo beef 16 daanyangal, 1 kiloo chees 32 daanyangal. oru thozhilaalliyude thaamasthalatthinte sharashari vaadaka prathivarsham ekadesham 12 deukkaattaayirunnu.
rund sisilikalude sainyathile unifom.
1728leeii oordinans anusarichu rajakeeya sainyathinte aadyathe unifomukal spanish tharatthilaayirunnu. aadyathe neopolitan unifomukalekkurichu namukk oru ashayam nalkaan kazhiyunna ettavum pazhaya uravidam 12 pravishya rejimentukalude bharanaghadanayekkurichulla 1744leeii oordinansaanu eee rejimentukalile sainikarkk kalmut neelamulla "jacket", javalininu thottupinnilulla "jagwar" (sleevukalulla arakkett), kalmut neelamulla breachukal, kalmut uyaram kaviyunna gaitarukal (kuthirappada spurr boottukal sajjeekarichirunnu), velutha shirt, karutha tye enniva sajjeekarikkendathundu. idathu chirakil chuvanna cocade karutha niratthilulla tricon eee vasthrathin poorakamaayirunnu. unifominte chila vishadaamshangal (buttonukal, laapalukal, embroidery, buffettari, thalappavu tharam, pothuve nirangal) rankineyum vakuppineyum aashrayich vyathyaasappettirikkunnu (udaaharanathinu, udyogasthar parambaraagathamaayi borbon lillikal achadicha oru goliyera sajjeekarichirunnu). 1770-kalil, chila puthumakal avatharippikkappettu jacketukal ganyamaayi cheruthum unifomukal kaaryakshamavumayirunnu. naplesile franch bharanathinte dashakathodoppam unifomukalumaayi bandhappett ennamatta parinaamangalum undaayi aadyam nepolian franch pinthudarnnu, pakshe pinneedu neppolittan sainyathin sakthamaaya praadeshika mudra nalki, prathyekichu sisili dveepil ninnu. 1830 muthal franch "luigi philippo" (luis philipp i) shailiyude adisthaanathil borbon unifom punarroopakalppana cheythu; athinusesham raajyathinte pathanam vare franch swaadheenam mikkavarum ellah borbon upakaranagalilum prakadamaayirunnu.
vadakkan aafrikkan, videsha vakuppukal.
rajakeeya sainyathin uthbhavam muthal videsha vakuppukal undaayirunnu, prathyekichu albaniakkaar, arabikal, vadakkan aafrikkakkaar, swis (chaals oof borbante pashchaathalatthil ethiya vaaloon, airish vakuppukalkk purame). 1737-ll, corfuvilum epirasilum veneeshyan rejimentukalaaya ooltremaarini ennivayumaayi malsarikkunnathinu thaddesheeyare recruit cheytha naapilsil thamasikkunna epirasinte praimettinte madhyasthathaykku nandi paranju "macedonia" ennu vilikkunna oru albanian rejiment roopeekarichu. pinneedu thekkan italiyileyum sisiliyileyum thaddesheeya albanian samoohangalilekkum recruitment vyaapippikkanulla sramam nadannu, ennirunnaalum 1700 kalude avasaanathode rejiment "albania" oru yadhaartha videsha rejimentaayi maari, athil ettavum vaividhyamaarnna desheeyathakalile sainikar othuchernnu. albanian vakuppukalude upakaranangalude savisheshatha automan deriveshante (kanjar) oru cheria sabaraya "cangiaro" aayirunnu. arab, vadakkan aafrikkan rejimentukal albaniakkaar upayogichathinu samanamaaya automan allengil moorish adhishtitha chihnamaanu upayogichathu. 1734ll chaals raajaavinte sainyathinte borbon adhiniveshathil spain yuvarajavinu vittukodutha swis rejimentukal ithinakam undaayirunnu (ethra kuravaanengilum). 1790ll niyaapolittan swis corps thaalkkaalikamaayi pirichuvittuvenkilum 1799ll swis koolippadayaalikaleyum alpsinu kuruke ninnu (jarmman, itaaliyan, swabian, mattu videshikal) athiyavareyum roopappeduthaan uddeshichulla "alamagna" enna peril oru puthiya videsha rejiment srishtichu. ennirunnaalum nepolian saamraajyathinte adhiniveshathethudarnnu pala videsha 'swis' rejimentukalum pirichuvittu.
1825num 1830num idayil rajakeeya sainyam naalu puthiya noonn-swis (pradhaanamaayum tunisian, mattu vadakkan aafrikkan) rejimentukale niyamichu. borbon chattangalkkanusrithamaayi oro rejimentilum 20 offeesarmaarulla oru general staaf, 17 sainikarum rund battaaliyanukalum adangunna oru cheria samsthaanam, 24 offeesarmaarum 684 sainikarum adangunna oronnum naalu raifil kambanikalaayum rund thiranjeduttha kambanikalaayum vibhajikkapettu, onnu greaserukalum mattonn vettakkaarum. vadakke aafrikkan recruitmentukal rund sisilikalude sainyathile edapedal naalu varshathe thaamasathinaayi swamedhayaa sweekarichu, athinte avasaanam avarkk rando naalo varshathe stoppeju puthukkippaniyaam, allengil sthiramaaya avadhi edukkaam. prayaparidhi poortthiyaakkiyenkilum sainikasevanathil vaidagdhyamullavarum avarude thozhilil thudaraan thayyarullavarumaaya sainikarkk "muur vettarans" enna prathyeka kambanikalil cheraam.