lomsa yuddham

1915 leeii vasanthakaalath aadhunika polandinte pradeshathu saamraajyathva jarmman, russian sainyangal thammilulla valia thothilulla yudhangalude oru parambarayaayirunnu lomsa yuddham. prasnisinethiraaya randaamathe jarmman akramanam thirichupidikkaan russiacarkku kazhinjenkilum saamraajyathva jarmman sainyam russian sainyathinte niravadhi pradhana aakramanangalum thirichadichu.
pashchaathalam.
bobber, narev nadikalkkethiraaya jarmman aakramanathe pinthirippicha sesham, vadakkupadinjaaran munnaniyude thalavanaaya nikkolaay russkick vijayam nedukayum jarmmani adhiniveshathinaayulla januvari padhathiyilekku madangukayum cheyyendivannu. februvari 27 nuu ratri, onnaam sainyathinte commander, kuthirappadayude general alexander litvinov, ooppareshan vikasippikkunnathinayi russky nirddeshangal ayachu-willenberghin janovoic nereyulla akramanam, ithu muzhuvan munnaniyudeyum sthithi mechappeduthumennu karuthappettirunnu. ennaal plockil ninnum mlaavayil ninnum nalkunnathinum rund cyberian corpsinteyum 38-aamm kaalaalppada divishanteyum sainyavumayi aakramanathe pinthunaykkunnathinum, litvinov athine oru puthiya division mungananayode oru corp upayogichu shakthippeduthaan aavasyappettu.
russian aasthaanathu, appozhekkum avar kizhakkan prashyaykkullil oru puthiya aakramanathinte vikasanam upekshichu. march 1 nuu kaalaalppada general nikkolaay yaanushkevichu enn. russkia inii kizhakkan prashyayilekku aakarshikkappedaruthu, marichu sakthamaaya hrasvamaaya praharangal nadatthuka, athirthiyilekku maathram pinthudaruka, oru saahacharyathilum visttulayude idathu theerathulla sainyathe durbalappedutharuthu. march 2 nuu, munnirayile sainyangalude pothu aakramanathekkurichu russky oru nirddesham nalkki jarmmankaar muthal agastov primal phoorast neekkam cheiyunnathinum augusto, kalwaria, suwaki ennividangalilekku purathukadakkunnathinum lipskin sopotskinum 10-aam theeyathi; 12-lomsa, novograd, 1-mlava, khorshel vare. randaamatheyum anchaamatheyum sainyangal sura, ravka, pilica ennividangalil sthaanam pidikkanamaayirunnu. athesamayam, thudarnadapadikalude aditharayaayi masurian thadaakangalude thekkan bhagam pidichedukkaanulla prateeksha commander-inn-cheef nashtappedutthiyilla. adhikara santhulithaavastha russian sainyathin anukoolamaayirunnu.
samsthaana athirthiyile baltic kadalinte theerathu ninnu jarmman sainyam sajjamaya sthaanangalilekku prathirodhatthilekku pooyi. nashtam kanakkiledukkumbol, avar manushyashakthi, mesheen gann, peeranki ennivayil russian sainikarekkaal valare thaazhnna nilayilaayirunnu.
march aadyathil general russian akramanam.
march 1-nuu, onnaam armi corpsinte (22,24 kaalaalppada divisionukal, commander general oof infantry eiii. visttulayude pinnil ninnu sthalammaattam cheyyappetta dushkevichu) panthrandaam sainyathil ethi. march 2 nuu raavile avar oru akramanam aarambhichu, pakshe riflemanmarudeyum peerankikaludeyum vedivayppil ninnu (22-aamm divisionil maathram-40 offeesarmaarum 3,500 sainikarum) kanatha naashanashtangal sambhavikkukayum avare ratri aakramanathiloode kondupokaamenna pratheekshayil jarmman sthaanangalil ninnu 200-500 padikal thaazheyidukayum cheythu. 22-aamath kaalaalppada divishanotoppam, lefttanant general paaval pototsky 2-aamath gards kaalaalppada division munneri, athu chude graamatthinte 74.4-aamm uyaram thekk pidichedukkaan kazhinju. lefttanant general ezz. 10-aamm cyberian raifil divisionaaya saavvich, naalu landstarm battaaliyanukalum 75-aamath infentry brigade kanatha kottakettukayum samrakshikkukayum cheytha keyrsec graamam pidichedutthu, thadavukaare (10 offeesarmaarum 260 sainikarum) 2 mesheen gannukalum pidichedutthu. 38-aamath cyberian raifil rejimentinte commander kenal bii. deserosinsky yudhathil marichu. armi corps pathukke munnott neengi, jarmmankaarude vardhichuvarunna kadutha prathirodhavum nerittu. aakramanangale shakthippeduthunnathinaayi, roka nadiyile anchaam sainyathinte munnil ninnu neekkam cheytha 62-aamath kaalaalppada division 12-aamm sainyathil ethi.
oraazhchaykkullil russian patthaam sainyathin augusto vanangalile paraajayatthil ninnu karakayaran kazhinju. march 1 nuu, sainyathinte puthiya commander, kaalaalppadayude general iii. lipskinethiraaya aakramanathil radkevich veendum sainyathe nayichu. chuttupaadukalil ninnu rakshapetta XX armi corpsinte rejimentukalude avashishtangalaal shakthippeduthiya III cyberian, XXV armi corps munnott neengi.
russian patthaam sainyathinte munnettam idathuvashathulla ayalkkaarude thanthrangalil undaayirunnathupole daarshtyamulla prathirodhatthe nerittitilla. februvari 26-nuu thanne, jarmman patthaam sainyathinte kamaandaraaya kenal general herman voonn aishon, parimithamaaya sainyathode rund sakthamaaya russian kottakale aakramikkunnath asaadhyamaanennu nigamanam cheythu. addeham ithu pii. yeei ariyichu. februvari 28 muthal bobber nadiyude theerathu lipsk, august kanal ennividangalile oru kottakettya sthaanathekku sainyathe rahasyamaayi pinvalikkanulla nadapadikal voonn hindenberg sweekarichu.
march 2 iii. radkevich akramikkaan utharavittu. mejar generalinte ditaachment vii. mydel (1st kuthirappada division, 1st prathyeka kaalaalppada brigade) neman nadiyude theerathu svayam nilayurappikkukayum paalangal punasthaapikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. sainyathinte thekkan bhagam paraajayappedukayum jarmman randaam kaalalppadayum 80-aamm reserve divisionukalum ethir akramanam nadathukayum cheythu. 900 russian sainikare vare pidikoodiyappol russian randaam, XXVI armi corpsinte trophikal 67 thadavukaar mathramaayirunnu. march march russian patthaam sainyathinte eathaandu muzhuvan mekhalayilum akramanam avasaanichu. jarmmankaarkkum kaaryamaaya naashanashtangal sambhavichu, march 6 nuu ratri, XXI armi, XXXX, XL reserve corps enniva augustovinum suvalkkiykkum thekk augusto kanalinu kuruke oru kottakettya sthaanathekku pinvalichu.
march 3 muthal 4 vare sainyathil ganyamaaya menmayundaayittum panthrandaam russian sainyathin avarude jolikal poortthiyaakkaan kazhinjilla. gaardukal, vii armi corps, saavvichinte ditaachment ennivar bledovo, lipnikki ennivaykkaayi daarmmikamaaya yudhangal nadatthi. gards corpsinte aakramanavum pinthirippikkappettu. III kokkeshyan corpsil ninnulla oru brigade upayogichu strike groupine shakthippeduthaan theerumaanichu.
prasnisisinethiraaya randaamathe jarmman akramanam.
russiakkaare narev nadikkappurathekku thallukayum naugrodinu sameepamulla crossingukal thadayukayum cheyyuka enna douthyathode jarmman ettaamathe sainyam XXXVIii reserve corpsinte (kuthirappadayude commander general jorg voonn derr maarvits, 75-aamm reserve, 4-aamm kuthirappada divisionukal, conigsberg reserve, 5-aamm kaalaalppada brigade) oru vibhaagam roopeekarichu. march 4 nuu maarvits samgham gards corpsine akramikkukayum lipnikkil ninnu randaam kuthirappadaye puratthaakkukayum cheythu. kuthirappada pinvalichathode anchaamathe raifil brigade athinoppam valicherinju. march 5 nuu jarmman maarvits grouppinte kooduthal munnettam daarshtyamulla yudhangalil nirtthi.
onnaam russian sainyathinte sainikar ettavum sajeevamaayi svayam kaanichu. march 3 nuu onnaamatheyum randaamatheyum cyberian corps debsinu sameepam yuddham aarambhichu. turkistaanum XXVIi armi corps stump-pooll kaivashappedutthi; novojiyorgiyevskil ninnulla 79-aamath kaalaalppada divishante oru brigade yudhathilekku avatharippikkappettu, pakshe jarmmankaar kooduthal chalanam nirtthi.
mlaavaykkaduthulla munnirayude munnettatthinte bheeshani kanakkileduthu, peeranki general emm. voonn galvits, corps commandermaarumaayum kizhakk ellah jarmman senayudeyum supreme commanderude cheef oof staafumaayum oru koodikkaazhcha nadatthiya sesham, lefttanant general iii. randaam cyberian armi corpsinte vashath oru thirichaakramanam nadatthaan ludendorff theerumaanichu. ooppareshan lefttanant general ezz. yude samghathe ealppichu. prathirodhatthil durbalanayathinaal kuthirappadaye akramikkaan addeham kooduthal chaayvullavanaayirunnuve voonn morgan. 76-aamm reserve divisionile rund rejimentukalum 5-aamm gards brigade morgante groupine shakthippeduthi. march march sesham akramanam aarambhikkanamaayirunnu.
march 6 nuu, lefttanant generalinte kuthirappadayude ditaachment vii. 17-aamm kaalaalppada divishante sahayam undaayirunnittum heats, 1-aamm cyberian corps, mulluvayar upayogichu urappunalkiya jarmman sthaanangal marikadakkunnathil veendum parajayappettu. 38-aamm kaalaalppada divisionumaayi chernnu turkistan armi corps veendum peenpol graamathinaayi poraadi, athu avarkk raathriyil nashtappettu. onnaam sainyathinte idathu vashath munneraan kazhinju, aakramanathinte anchu divasangalil, onnaam sainyam 10 offeesarmaareyum 727 jarmman sinikareyum pidikoodukayum 4 mesheen gannukal pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
march march onnaam sainyathinte valathuvashathe sahacharyam aavarthichu. I kuthirappadayudeyum II cyberian armi corpsinteyum bhaagangalkk raisais pidichedukkaan kazhiyaathe varikayum thirichadikkappedukayum cheythu. onnum naalum cyberian raifil rejimentukal grisibo-kaapushnikkil rund nira mulluvayarukaliloode kadannukayariyengilum 390 thadavukaare nashtappettathode avarkk chuttum chuttukayum avarude kuzhikalilekku kadakkaan prayaasappedukayum cheythu. turkistan corps 61-aamath landwehr infentry rejiment prathirodhicha boody sulkovsky pidichedutthu, ennaal 99-aamath landwehr rejimentinte prathyaakramanathil ambukal graamatthil ninnu puratthekku valicheriyukayum 900 thadavukaare vare nashtappedukayum cheythu.
march 8 nuu sii. voonn morgan group onnum 76 umm reserve divisionukaludeyum 11 umm reserve brigedinteyum sainyavumayi akramanam aarambhichu. pakal samayat, 42-aamm kaalaalppada rejimentum 5-aamm gards brigade aakramanathil pankuchernnu. aakramanakaarikal grabovoyil (2,000 thadavukaar) sakthamaaya russian sthaanam etteduthu. oru vazhithirivinulla bheeshaniyum ratri aakramanathinte parajayavum generalmaare vii. oranovsky eiii. sichevsky pinwangan.
vijayam thudarnnukondirikke, march 9 nuu morgan grouppinte chila bhagangal russian sainyathe prasnisilekku thirichayachu.
murichumaattappedumenna bheeshani nirbandhithamaayi a. randaam cyberian sainyathe prasnisilekku pinvalikkaan sichevsky. 21 manikk onnaam sainyathinte commander presniss sthaanangalilekku pinmaran utharavittu, kuthirappada valath vashath rahasyaanveshanam nalkaanum panthrandaam sainyavumayi ashayavinimayam urappakkaanum oorsaikkile crossingukale dhaarshtyathode prathirodhikkanum utharavittu. cyberian sainyathe pinthudarnnu, shathruvinte sammarddathe thudarnnu turkistan, XXVII armi corps pinwangi.
enn. onnaam sainyathile saahacharyathekkurich aashankaakulanaaya russky athine pinthunaykkaan rund korppukal anuvadichu ithinakam ethiya xxiii armi corps (moonnaam gaardukalum 62-aamm kaalaalppada divisionukalum), randaam kokkeshyan, novogorjiyevskile paalangal kadakkunnu (kokkeshyan grenadier 51-aamm kaalaalppada division). march 10 vaikunneram, naalaamathe doonn kosak divisionile kosaakkukalkk jarmmankaarude munnettam thadayaan kazhinju. jarmmankaarude aakramanathil cyberian sainyam veendum prasnisilekku pinwangi. oru divasam 1,200 thadavukaare pidikoodiya sii. yude sainyam. voonn morgan group cluxevo, regional pradesham kaivashappedutthi.
march 11 nuu sii yude jarmman sainyam. voonn morgan group munnettam thudarnnu. thadavukaarude ennam 1,400 aayi. russian sainikar austrokkayil ninnu rusettskilekku (xxiii armi corps) athiyathaayi vyoma nireekshanam kandethiyathinethudarnn, moonnaamathe kaalalppadayum onpathaamathe landwer brigedukalum ayachu. onnaam sainyathile russian sainyam raavile presnisasinu sameepam puthiya sthaanangalil thangal urangi, jarmmankaare kidannu 1,500 chuvadukal akale kuzhikkaan nirbandhitharaakki. 9 corps 5 kuthirappada divisionukalum addehathinte apoornnamaaya 6 corpsin russian bhaagath ninnulla moonnu kuthirappada divisionukalkkum ethire pravarthikkunnundenna kanakkiledukkumbol, emm. akramanangal nirthaanum prathirodhatthilekku pookaanum nediya lainukale shakthamayi prathirodhikkanum voonn galvits utharavittu, russiakkaar avarude prathirodha lineukal presnisasil upekshikkunnathil ninnu thadanju.
march 12 nuu, onnaam sainyathinte unitukalkku ithinakam thanne naalam kuthirappada brigedinteyum ettaam kuthirappada divishanteyum sainyavumayi jarmmankaare stegnayil thallaan kazhinju, pathinanjaam kuthirappada division lippa kaivashappedutthi; randaam cyberian corpsinte kanatha peeranki vedivayppil jarmmankaar mchovo, kijovais enniva vittu. presnisile gaalvitsinte sainika samghathinte randaamathe akramanam nirtthi.
aakramanathmakamaaya onnum panthrandum russian sainyangal.
march 13 nuu, cheef oof staaf north-vestten frond, infantry general enn. kizhakkan prashyayude thekkan athirthiyil akramanam punaraarambhikkaan roossky utharavittu, onnum panthrandum sainyangalude sainyavumayi munneri. onnaam sainyathile russian sainyam aakramanathinu shramichuvenkilum avar munnirayude muzhuvan bhaagathum sakthamaaya cheruthunilppu neridukayum jarmmankaar ithinakam clear cheytha pooyintukal maathram kaivashappeduthaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. eiii. xix, xxiii armi corpsine cover cheyyaan neengikkond cyberian corpsinte aakramanangale pinthunaykkaan litvinov theerumaanichu. march 14-aamm theeyathi ratri, aii turkistan corps veendum sathrutha pidichadakki.
divasathinte phalangal vilayiruthumbol emm. russian sainyathe prathirodhikkaan nirbandhikkendathu aavasyamaanennu voonn galvits nigamanam cheythu, athinaayi, saadhyamenkil, rund korppukalumaayi austrolekkayile rosaanil aakramikkuka. march 16 nuu emm. voonn galvits lefttanant general sii. yodu utharavittu. jimina jednorosec thirichupidikkaan voonn morgan 36-aamath reserve division graamam thirichupidikkaanum 2 thokkukal thirike nalkaanum 2,000 thadavukaare pidikoodaanum kazhinju. 19-aamm armi corpsile russian sainyatheyum pinthirippikkukayum onnaam turkistan corpsinte aakramanangalum thirichadikkukayum cheythu.
russian aasthaanathu, presnisile ooppareshante vikasanam valia aashankayode pinthudarnnu. march pakuthiyode, ettavum theevramaaya yudhangal kaarpaathiyanmaarilaanu nadannathu athinupurame, jarmmankaar pilica muthal nida vare munvashath cheria praharangal nadatthi, ithu supreme commander-inn-cheefile jeevanakkaare oresamayam vividha dishakalilekku aakramana pravartthanangalude upadeshathe veendum chodyam cheythu. raifilukaludeyum peeranki vedikkoppukaludeyum stokkil kuthane kuravundennu yuddha vakupp prakhyaapichu. prathimasam 17.5 laksham shellukal aavashyamaayirunnu, avayude release kanakkakkiya aavasyathil ninnu valare pinnilaayirunnu. munvashath raifilukalude kuravundaayirunnu-avayil prathimasam 60,000 ennam maathrame uthppaadippikkappedunnu, athesamayam austriya-hangariyil polum faaktarikal prathimasam 64,000 raifilukalum 950,000 peeranki shellukalum uthppaadippikkunnu.
march 13 nuu, kaalaalppadayude supreme commander generalinte cheef oof staaf enn. yaanushkevichu telegraph cheythath enn. russkia "raifilukalude kurravulla aalukalude nashtam nikathunnathinulla angeyattatthe budhimuttum thokkukalude vitharanam samrakshikkendathinte aavasyakathayum kaaranam, ningale ealppichirikkunna munnaniyude sainyathin ettavum aduthulla jolikal sthaapikkumbol eee saahacharyangal manassil sookshikkaan supreme commander ningalodu aavashyappedunnu, athupole thanne, aavashyamenkil, ningalkk keezhilulla sainyathinte commandermark sainikarkk swakaarya swabhaavamulla aakramanaparamaaya jolikal nalkunnathil parimithappedutthukayum cheiyunnu, ithu munnaniyude sainyangal nadathunna pothu joliyil ninnu nerittu pinthudarukayum aalukalude lakshyarahithamaya nashtatthilekkum thokkukalude chelavilekkum maathram nayikkukayum cheiyunnu".
march march yaanushkevichu "nilavile sthithi ekeekarikkukayum mechappeduthukayum cheyyendathinte" aavasyakatha veendum ruskiyodu choondikkaatti."pittennu, enn. vadakku-padinjaaran munnaniyude sainyathin udan thanne oru chumatala thayyarakkiya staavkayude quarter maasttar general, kaalaalppadayude general yoori danilovinode russky vishadeekaranathinaayi thirinju visttula nadiyude idathu karayil oru bridge head pidikkuka, visttulaykkum neman idayil shathruvinte munnettam thadayuka, bobarinteyum tsaarevinteyum prathirodhatthinaayi kooduthal prayojanakaramaaya sthaanangal kaivashappeduthunnathinayi addehathe paraajayappeduthuka. danilov vishwasichathupole, vishalamaaya pravarthanangalkku, "onnamathaayi, nammude sainyathe sajjamaakkukayum thokkukal samrakshikkukayum cheyyendathu aavasyamaanu."
march 17 nuu ratri, enn. akramanam thudaraan russky nirddesham nalki. march <aii. dii. 1> samayat onnum panthrandum sainyangalude akramanam thudarchayaaya akramanangal nadannittum manushyashakthiyil valia nashtamundaayittum vijayam konduvannilla.
march march oru thaalkkaalika visramamundaayi. emm. voonn galvits, p. russiayil 100,000 purushanmaarum (42,000 thadavukaar ulppede) thante swantham ayiram purushanmaarum kollappettathayi voonn hindenberg ooppareshanekkurichulla oru report kanakkakkunnu. pooraattatthil nirnnayakamaaya oru vijayavum kaivarikkaan kazhinjillennu addeham nigamanam cheythu, ennaal munnaniye thakarkkanulla ellah russian sramangalum illaathaakkaan ellaam cheythu.
onnum panthrandum sainyangalude munnile pravartthanangal kurayaan thudangi. enn purathaakkiyathinu sesham ithu prathyekichum shradheyamaayi. march march vadakkupadinjaaran munnaniyude commander-inn-cheef russky addehathinte quartermaster general emm. bonch-brewich, "aarogyaparamaya kaaranangalal". march march, kaalaalppadayude general emm. munbu thekkupadinjaaran munnaniyude sainyathinte medhaaviyaayirunna aleksiyevine puthiya commander-inn-cheefaayi niyamichu.
march 28 nuu eiii. litvinov emm srishtichu. xix, xxiii, i cyberian armi corpsineyum m-nte ditachmentineyum onnippichu kooduthal pravarthanangalkkaayi pleshkov group. addehathinte aajnjaykku keezhil pidikkuka. ennaal nadatthiya rahasyaanveshanathil shatru sthaanangal "eathaandu oru thudarchayaaya kuzhiyaanu, chilappol kuzhikal niravadhi thalangalil sthithicheyyunnu", kuzhikal, paalisedukal, mulluvandi velikal, vayar velikal, valakal ennivayundennu kandethi. akramanam upekshikkendivannu. sainyathin pii. yill ninnu oru utharavu labhichu. march 29 nuu "avar kaivashappedutthiya sthaanangalil kazhiyunnathra shakthamayi shakthippeduthaanum ettavum dhaarshtyathode avare prathirodhikkanum" abhyarthikkuka."
pathaamatthe russian sainyam.
russian patthaam sainyathinte sectoril, maarchinte aadya pakuthiyilum, maariyambol, augusto, suwalki ennivarkkethire akramanam nadatthaan shramichu. march 7-8 theeyathikalil russian moonnaam armi corps symnoyilekku munneri. ennaal rashyakkaarude covno ditachmentinu kanatha nashtam sambhavikkukayum mariyampolil nirthukayum cheythu. bakkiyulla corps nischalamaayi nilkkukayum munnott pookaan kazhiyaathe varikayum cheythu, XV armi corpsine commander inn cheefinte reservinu niyogichu. jarmman 10-aamm aarmiyude kamaandaraaya x-nte chalanathekkurichulla russian radio sandeshangal thadanjukondu. oru cheria thirichadikkal nadatthaan voonn aishon theerumaanichu, athinaayi lefttanant general oottoo voonn loyenstainte oru samghathe (31-aamath kaalaalppada, 77-aamath, 78-aamath reserve, 1-aamath kuthirappada division) koottichertthu.
march 9 nuu, randaam pakuthiyil ninnu jarmmankaar aakramanathinu shramichu, patthaam sainyathinte muzhuvan munnilum russian munnettam nirtthi-jarmmankaar dhaarshtyathode svayam prathirodhichu. march 10 nuu, lovensteente samgham 73-aamath kaalaalppada divisione akramikkukayum pinnott thallukayum cheythu; 56-aamath kaalaalppada divishante shakthippeduthalukal paraajayappedukayum bhaagikamaayi valayappedukayum cheythu, valia budhimuttode thakarnnu, 3 thokkukal avasheshichu. march 12 nuu enn. kavachitha vaahanangalumaayi kasnakovinte kuthirappadaye jarmmankaarude pinbhaagathekku ayaykkukayum covno ditaachment maariyaampolilekk munnerukayum cheythu. 3. sainika seena akramikkaan shramichenkilum thadanju. russian sainikarkk 5,400 thadavukaareyum niravadhi thokkukaleyum nashtappettu. thudarnnulla divasangalil poraattam kurayaan thudangi.
march 15 aayappozhekkum jarmman patthaam sainyam veendum prathirodhatthilekku neengi. ithavana russian patthaam sainyathinte oru bhaagamenkilum nasippikkaan kazhinjilla, 5,400 thadavukaar jarmmankaarude kaikalil avasheshichu, russian corps aaghaathathil ninnu rakshapettu. patthaam sainyathinte aasthaanam emm enna sainikasamghathilekku maattendathaayirunnu. randaam kaalalppadayudeyum 78-aamm reserve divisionukaludeyum onnaam armi corpsinte niyanthranam voonn galvits aayirunnu. pinneedu, munnaniyude eee mekhalayil, kakshikalude pravartthanangal thaarathamyena cheria shakthikalude episodic aakramanathmaka shramangalude swabhaavathe etteduthu. march march patthaam sainyathinte valathuvashathulla russian ditaachmentukal avarude pravartthanangal sakthamaakki. thouraageyum memel pidichedukkukayum thudarnnu tilsittine akramikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu avarude dauthyam. apukhthinte sainyavibhagam (68-aamm kaalaalppada divisionile onnaam brigade, samsthaana milishyayude 7-aamm, 16-aamm brigedukal-10 schwadukal, 18 thokkukal) thouraageye sameepikkukayum nagaratthinaayi oru yuddham aarambikkukayum cheythu. jarmmankaar angeyattam daarmikamaaya cheruthunilppu nadathukayum march march maathrame pinmaarukayulloo.
march march pottapovinte sainyam apratheekshitha aakramanathiloode memel pidichedukkukayum nagarathinu munnil kottayidukayum cheythu. nagaratthil koottakola kollayum aarambhichu. patthaam jarmman sainyathinte command bheeshani vilayiruthukayum 4-aamm, 6-aamm kuthirappada divisionukalum 6 kaalaalppada battaaliyanukalum ulppede ganyamaaya sainyathe memmalilekku ayakkukayum cheythu. munnaniyile kosaakkukal shathruvine kandumutty thidukkathil pinwangi. march 21 nuu, kanatha shellakramanavum landing bheeshaniyum kaaranam, pottapov memmel ninnu sainyathe pinvalichu, pakshe unnatha shatru senayude akramanamundaayaal maathram thirike pookaanum nagaram vidaanum sainika aasthaanathu ninnu oru utharavu labhichu, munbu moolyavathaaya ellaam purathedukkukayo nasippikkukayo cheythu. bandikalaakkappettavare janangalkkidayil kondupoyi.
patthaam sainyathinte commander, iii. radkevich, valath vashathinte apratheekshitha vijayam upayogikkaanum munvashath muzhuvan akramikkaanum theerumaanichu, athesamayam idathu vashathe corps (III cyberian, II armi corps) shathruvine augusto vanathil ninnu purathupokunnathil ninnu thadayukayaayirunnu. march march maariyambol, suwalki, augusto ennividangalile sthaanangalil ninnu shathruvine thurathunnathinaayi sainika kendram oru akramanam nadatthi. ennirunnaalum, cheria purogathi undaayi. yudhathil kavachitha vaahanangalude upayogam bhaagikamaayi maathrame nyaayeekarikkappettulla jarmmankaar dhaarshtyathode pidichunilkkukayum oru vahanam peerankikal, mesheen gann ennivayaal kroovinoppam marikkukayum cheythu.
march 21 nuu vaikunneram, shathruvinte sammarddathil pottapovinte sainyam memel upekshichu. mothatthil, pottaapovin 149 aalukalum 4 mesheen gannukalum oru thokkum nashtappettu. apukhthinte sainyavibhagam tilsithilekku neengiyengilum march march paraajayappedukayum 8 udyogasthare nashtappedukayum 270-aamath gaachina infentry rejimentinte commander kenal ulppede 600 sainikare kaanaathaavukayum cheythu. maarchil, patthaam sainyathile sainikarkk sakthamaaya cheruthunilppu neridendivannu, avar vijayichalum avar pidichedutthathu nilanirthaan kazhinjilla. maarchil, patthaam sainyathinte muzhuvan munnaniyilum, jarmmankaar ethir akramanangal nadatthi, chilappol bheeshanippeduthunna sahacharyam srishtikkunnu. eee naalukalile poraattam prathyekichum dhaarshtyamullathaayirunnu. march <aii. dii. 1> nuu pooraattatthinte pravartthanam kurayaan thudangi. patthaam sainyathinte akramanam oru cheria munnettathodeyum niravadhi bhagika paraajayangalodum koodi, prathyekichu valathuvashath avasaanichu. march <aii. dii. 1> ll patthaam sainyathin 2,244 perr kollappedukayum 3,290 pere kaanaathaavukayum 6,031 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. 2 udyogasthareyum 429 jarmman sinikareyum pidikoodi. augustovineyum suvalkiyeyum pinthirippichilla.
phalam.
presnisasinteyum lomsayudeyum aadya yudhathil, visttulaykkum bobber nadikalkkumidayilulla russian-jerman frontinte avasana bhagam iruvashavum shakthippeduthiya oru thudarchayaaya prathirodha rekhayaayi maari. iru athiraalikalum pinneedu avarude sthaanangalude aazhathil puthiya prathirodha mekhalakal srishtikkunnathinum kazhiyunnathra parasparam prathirodhatthil durbalamaaya pooyintukal kandethunnathinum niravadhi maasangal (epril muthal juulai pakuthi vare) neekkivechu. jarmman command masurian thadaakangalude randaam yudhathinte vijayam vikasippikkunnathil parajayappettu, prathyekichu udyogastharudeyum vedikkoppukaludeyum parimithamaaya punarnirmmaanathethunnathu, ithu kizhakk ellah jarmman senayudeyum supreme commander lefttanant generalinte cheef oof staafine nirbandhithanaakki. ludendorff, "pratheekshakalude thakarchayekkurichu samsarikkaan."russian command-supreme command muthal vadakkupadinjaaran munnaniyile sainyangalude aasthaanam vare-kizhakkan prussia pidichedukkuka enna lakshyamitta jolikal pariharikkunnathil parajayappettu. sainyathil nirantharam melcoyma nilanirtthiyirunnuvenkum russian saamraajyathinte pradeshathu ninnu shathruvine pinthirippikkunnathum saadhyamaayirunnilla.
memel muthal narev nadiyude mukhabhaagam vareyulla munnirayil nadanna rund maasathe daarshtyamulla yudhangal, masurian thadaakangalude randaam yudhathinte prathikoola prathyaaghaathangale marikadakkaan russian sainikarkk kazhinjuvennu saakshyappeduthi. jarmman sainikarude dhaarshtyavum naipunyavumulla cheruthunilppu akramanam nirtthiyenkilum, vadakkupadinjaaran munnaniyile sainyangalude sajeevamaaya pravartthanangal jarmmankaarkk carpathiansile austro-hangarian sainikarkk phalapradamaaya sahayam nalkaanulla avasaram nashtappedutthukayum 1914 desember 19 nuu ooppelinil nadanna oru yogathil polum prakhyaapicha sheetakaala prachaaranatthinte pradhana aashayathinte paraajayathekkurichu bodhyappedaan kizhakk kendrashakthikalude kamaandine nirbandhitharaakkukayum cheythu vashathe akramanangal visttula nadikku kuruke russian sainyathe pinvalikkunnathilekku nayichilla, koodaathe bugg nadiyude madhyabhaagathekku athilum kooduthal. koodaathe, thekkupadinjaaran munnaniyile sainyangalude akramanam vikasippikkunnathinum thekk ninnu kizhakk ninnu kizhakkan prashyayude puthiya adhiniveshathinte saidhaanthika bheeshani nilanirthunnathinum russian bhaagathinu rund corps vare neekkivaykkaan kazhinju.
irupakshathinum kanatha nashtam sambhavikkukayum command nischayicha pradhana lakshyangal kaivarikkathirikkukayum cheythu. mathiyaya thelivukalode, presnis-lomsa yudhangal aakramanakaarikalekkaal prathirodhakkaarude nettam kaanichu, praadhamikamaayi shakthamaayathum aazhathilullathumaya prathirodha sthaanangal thayyarakkunnathine adisthaanamaakki, dhaaraalam thokkukalum mesheen gannukalum sajjeekarichirikkunnu, jarmman bhaagath, mortaarukalude upayogam. februvari avasaanathil jarmman sainikarude trophikal-1915 epril maasooriyan thadaakangalude randaam yudhathekkaal valare mithamaayirunnu 67,343 thadavukaar, 45 thokkukal, 78 mesheen gannukal, 249-aamath danubinteyum 250-aamath baltic rejimentinteyum baanarukal. niravadhi vimaanangalum ekadesham oru dussen kavachitha vaahanangalum nashtappettathu russian bhaagathinu vedanaajanakamaayirunnu (maarchil ninnulla samghaamgangal shatru peeranki vedivayppil yudhathinu pookaan visammathichu). russian sainyam 127 udyogasthare pidikoodi, athil 12,562 sainikar (69 perr austro-hangarian aayirunnu), 76 mesheen gannukal, 4 mortaarukal, 16 thokkukal, 2 vimanangal enniva pidichedutthu, athu jarmman 34-aamath fusilier rejimentinte baanaraya adiyanthara landing nadatthi.
vishakalanam.
aakramanathmaka pravartthanangalude paraajayatthinte kaaranagal vishakalanam cheiyunna onnaam sainyathinte commander, eiii. litvinov, pradhanamaayi paraamarshichatha yuddha reportukalile "krithyathayillaaymakal, avyakthathakal, vairudhyangal", "pravarthanaparamaaya parigananakkum utharavukalkkumulla metteeriyal nalkunnu", thudarnnu "commandermar avarude aasthaanavum sainyathil ninnu valare akaleyaan sthithicheyyunnathu, randaamathethu saankethika maargangalude sahaayathode maathram niyanthrikkukayum keezhudyogastharude bhaagathulla yoonittukalil vyakthiparamaaya swaadheenam ozhivaakkukayum cheiyunnu" (jarmman bhaagath, udha. ludendorff keey. yeei apalapichu. athe samayam), "yudhasamayathu aalukalude durbalamaaya melnottam", ithu dhaaraalam "ekapaksheeyamaayi pinbhaagathekku pookunnathilekkum" "viralukalkk parikkettavaril oru valia shathamaanathilekkum" nayikkunnu."
1915 march 25-leeii russian supreme commanderude utharavu "aalukalude shakthikaleyum kuthirakalude ghadanayeyum samrakshikkaan udyogasthare niyogikkunna aparyapthamaaya karuthal manobhaavam", "avayude anantharafalangalil criminal prathibhasangal" ennivayum rekhappeduthi "yudhapravarthanathinte vijayam vilayiruthunnathu pathivaanu...bhagangal avasanippikkukayum samayavum parisramavum upayogashoonyamaayi paazhaakkukayum cheiyunnu", ennathinaal undaaya naashanashtangalude ennam, buddhi valare mudanthanaanu."
vaasthavathil, rahasyaanveshanathinte falaprapti (kottakettya lainukaludeyum thadassangaludeyum saannidhyam athinte perumaattatthe saaramaayi thadassappeduthi), athinaayi vyomayaanathinte vishalamaaya upayogam, radiograamukaludeyum telephone sambhaashanangaludeyum thadassam, yudhangalude phalangalude alankaaram enniva thudarnnulla theerumaanamedukkaline saaramaayi swaadheenichu. februvari muthal, russian vadakkupadinjaaran munnaniyude sainyathinte aasthaanathinte pravarthanarekhayil sainyam vedikkoppukalude avasthayekkurichulla prathivaara reportukal nalkukayum march muthal avar divasena report cheyyaan thudangukayum cheiyunnathu yaadrishchikamalla. ennaal pothuve (ithu jarmman sainikarude savisheshathayaayirunnu), yudhapravarthanathinte aparyapthamaaya falaprapti, sainikarude pariharikkappedaatha jolikal enniva shathruvinte sainyathe parasparam kurachukaanuka, paraajayangalkk sesham deerghakaala prathirodhatthinum veendedukkalinumulla addehathinte kazhivukal, command aandu kantrol hye command niravadhi kesukalil nashtappedutthuka, shathruvinekkurichulla vivarangalude gunanilavaaram kurayuka, avarude swantham pravartthanangalude falaprapti, sainikare vitharanam cheiyunnathilum niraykkunnathilum ulla budhimuttukal enniva moolamaanu undaayath.

