
mannu contitioner

manninte bhauthikagunangal, saadhaaranayaayi athinte phalabhooyishtatha (sasyangalkk poshanam nalkaanulla kazhivu), chilappol athinte mechanics enniva mechappeduthunnathinaayi mannil cherkkunna oru ulppannamaanu soyil contitioner. pothuvaaya upayogathil, "soyil contitioner" enna padam palappozhum mannu bhedagathikal (allengil mannu mechappeduthal, manninte avastha) enna vibhaagathinte upavibhagamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, ithu palappozhum vaividhyamaarnna valangalum jaivamallatha vasthukkalum ulkkollunnathayi manassilaakkappedunnu.
mosham mannu mechappeduthunnathino anuchithamaya mannu maanejment moolam kedupaadukal sambhavicha mannu punarnirmmikkunnathino soyil kandeeshanarukal upayogikkaam. avaykku mosham mannu kooduthal upayogayogyamakkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe mannu ettavum uyarnna avasthayil nilanirthaan ithu upayogikkaam.
rachana.
manninte gunanilavaaram mechappeduthaanulla kazhivu kaaranam vaividhyamaarnna vasthukkale soyil kandeeshanarukalaayi visheshippichittundu. biochar, asthi bhakshanam, rakthabhakshanam, kaappi maithaanangal, compoost, compoost tea, kayar, valam, vaikkol, peett, sphaagnam moss, vermiculite, sulfur, chunnaambu, hydroabsorbant polymerukal, biosolidukal enniva chila udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu.
jaiva vilakaludeyo jaiva udyaanangaludeyo paripalanavumaayi bandhapetta aalukalkkaayi niravadhi soyil kandeeshanarukal saakshyappeduthiya jaiva uthppannangalude roopathil varunnu. mikkavarum ellah vivaranangaludeyum soyil kandeeshanarukal oonlain storukalil ninno praadeshika nazhsarikalil ninno poonthotta vitharana storukalil ninno eluppathil labhyamaan.
polyacrylamideukal.
1950kalil monsaanto kambani kriliyam enna vyapara naamatthil "leanier soyil contitioner" aayi polyacrylamideukal avatharippichu. 1951 desember 29 nuu pensylvaniayile philadelphiyayil nadanna "manninte ghadana mechappeduthuka" enna vishayathekkurichulla oru simposiyathilaanu soyil contitioning saankethikavidya avatharippichathu. eee saankethikavidya shakthamayi rekhappeduthukayum 1952 juun lakkathil "soyil sayans" jenalinte vooliyam 73, juun 1952 ll polymeric soyil kandeeshanarukalkkayi samarppichukond prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. polyacrylamide soyil kandeeshanarukalude yadhaartha roopeekaranam upayogikkaan prayasamaayirunnu, kaaranam athil feeld saahacharyangalil leanier polymerine cross-link cheiyunna kaalsyam adangiyirunnu. monsaanto kriliyam upekshichu. vellathil layikkunna mannu kandeeshanarukal inipparayunna gunangal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu
thathfalamaayi, iva vivarthanam cheiyunnu
vellam shakthamayi nilanirthunna polyaakrilaamaidinte cross-linked roopangal palappozhum hortikalcharinum kaarshika mekhalaykkum broad leaf pii 4, swell-jell thudangiya vyapara perukalil upayogikkunnu. kaarshika bhoomiyil upayogikkunnathinu purame, aduthulla nadikaludeyum aruvikaludeyum jalathinte gunanilavaaram samrakshikkunnathinaayi mannolipp niyantrikkunnathinaayi nirmmaana sthalangalil eee polymerukal upayogikkunnu. oru nonionic monomer enna nilayil ithu ionic assid, dialyldemethyl amonium chloride (dadmac) polulla catanic monomer ennivayumaayi saha-polymerise cheyyaan kazhiyum, athinte falamaayi vividha aaplikkeshanukalil vyathyastha anuyojyathayulla qoo-polymer labikkum.
chila mannukalil polyacrylamide upayogikkunnu. enn-methylol acrylamide, enn-butoxiacrylamide ennivayude ulppaadanathil oru raasa intermediattaayi polyaakrilaamaidinte mattoru upayogam.
lakshyam.
manninte ghadana.
manninte ghadana mechappeduthuka ennathaanu soyil kandeeshanarukalude ettavum saadhaaranamaaya upayogam. kaalakramena mannu churungunnu. manninte sankochathe moolavalarcha thadassappeduthukayum poshakangalum vellavum sweekarikkaanulla sasyangalude kazhivu kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu. mannu ayanjathaayi nilanirthaan soyil kandeeshanarukalkk kooduthal melkkoora ghadanayum cherkkaan kazhiyum.
manninte poshakangal.
noottaandukalaayi aalukal aarogyakaramaya sasyavalarchaye pinthunaykkaanulla kazhivu mechappeduthunnathinaayi mosham mannil saadhanangal cherkkunnu. compoost, kalimannu, peett thudangiya eee vasthukkalil chilath innum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu. pala mannu bhedagathikalum kaarban, naitrajan thudangiya poshakangalum prayojanakaramaaya baakteeriyakalum cherkkunnu.
kaalsyam, magneeshyam, phoosphoorus thudangiya adhika poshakangalum bhedagathikalaal vardhippikkaam. ithu mannine sambannamaakkukayum chedikal valuthum shakthavumayi valaraan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu.
kaatteshan exchange.
mannu bhedagathikalkku manninte kaatteshan exchange kappasitti (sii. iii. sii) valareyadhikam vardhippikkaanum kazhiyum. sasyangalude poshakangalude sambharaniyayi mannu pravartthikkunnu. kaatteshanukalaaya oru prathyeka koottam poshakangal sambharikkanulla manninte aapekshika kazhivu. kaalsyam, magneeshyam, pottasyam, amonium, hydrajan, soodiyam ennivayaanu ettavum saadhaaranamaaya mannu katteshanukal.
oru manninu pidikkaan kazhiyunna motham kaatteshanukalude ennam, athinte motham negatteevu charge, manninte kaatteshan kaimatta seshiyaanu. sesi kooduthalaanengil, negatteevu charge kooduthalaayirikkum, koodaathe kooduthal katteshanukal sookshikkaanum sasyangalude verukalumaayi kaimaattam cheyyaanum kazhiyum, ithu avarkk aavashyamaaya poshakaahaaram nalkunnu.
jalasambharanasheshi.
vellam nannayi pidichunirtthaattha varandathum parukkanthumaaya mannil jaladharanam mechappeduthaan soyil kandeeshanarukal upayogikkaam. udaaharanathinu, jaivavasthukkalude kootticherkkal manal manninte jaladhaarana sheshi valareyadhikam mechappeduthukayum nirddishta sasyangalude aavasyangal niravettunnathino uyarnna acidity allengil kshara mannu kooduthal upayogayogyamaakkunnathino manninte piechu krameekarikkunnathinum avaa cherkkaan kazhiyum. mannu mechappeduthunnathil compostukaludeyum kalimannukaludeyum punk ettedukkaan mattu vasthukkal upayogikkunnathinulla saadhyatha irupathaam noottaandil shaasthreeya adisthaanathil anweshikkukayum mannu contitioning enna padam srishtikkukayum cheythu. atharam vasthukkale vilayiruthunna maanadandangal palappozhum avayude chelavu-falaprapti, kooduthal kaalam manninte eerppam vardhippikkunnathinulla kazhivu, microbiological pravartthanatthe uthejippikkuka, poshakangalude alavu vardhippikkuka, sasyangalude athijeevana nirakk mechappeduthuka ennivayaanu.
1950kalil hydrolysed polyacrylonitrail enna rasavasthu ettavum kooduthal upayogichappol aadyathe synthetic soyil kandeeshanarukal avatharippichu. swantham bhaarathinte noorukanakkinu madangu vellathil agiranam cheyyaanulla kazhivu kaaranam, polyacrylamideukalum polymethaakrilettukalum (hydroabsorbant polymerukal, superabsorbant polymerukal allengil hydrojalukal ennum ariyappedunnu) 1960kalil krishi, hortikalchar, landscaping ennivayil pareekshichu.
uyarnna acrylamide monomer avashishtangal kaaranam pareekshanangal avaa phytotoxic aanennu theliyichappol thaalparyam aprathyakshamaayi. nirmmaana purogathi pinneedu monomerinte saandrata vishaamshathinte alavil thaazheyaayenkilum, sasyangalude gunanilavaaram vardhippikkunnathino athijeevanam vardhippikkunnathino eee polymerukal upayogikkunnathil shaasthreeya saahityam kurachu vijayangal maathrame kaanikkunnulloo. 1980kalude thudakkathil hydroabsorbant polymerukalum propenamide, propenamide-propenoyate kudumbangalil ninnulla kopolimarukalum ulppede phalapradamaaya upakaranangalude oru puthiya thalamurayude roopam puthiya kaazhchappaadukal thurannu.
apeksha.
soyil kandeeshanarukal palavidhatthil prayogikkaam. chilath nadunnathinu munbu oru uzhuthumarikondu mannil vaykkunnu. mattullava nattuvalartthiya sheshamo valarunna seasonil idaykkide prayogikkunnu. manninte gadanayekkurichum gadanayekkurichum kooduthalariyaan mannu contitioner prayogikkunnathinu munbu mannu parisodhana nadatthanam. labhyamaya avasthakalkku eathu kandeeshanarukalaan kooduthal anuyojyamennu eee parisodhana nirnnayikkum.
paaristhithika aashankakal.
vilakaliloo poonthottatthilo oru soyil contitioner cherkkunnath aarogyakaramaya sasyangal nedunnathinulla mikacha maargamaayi thonnumenkilum, chila bhedagathikal amithamaayi prayogikkunnathu paaristhithika prashnangalkk kaaranamakum. udaaharanathinu, pala mannu bhedagathikalilum adangiyirikkunna lavanangal, naitrajan, lohangal, mattu poshakangal enniva amithamaayi cherkkumbol uthppaadanakshamamallaathum sasyangalude aarogyathinu haanikaravumaan. (valam kathikkunnathu kaanuka.) jalagathaagathathilekk adhika poshakangal ozhukunnathum sambhavikkunnu, ithu jalathinte gunanilavaarathinum athiloode paristhithikkum doshakaramaanu.

