
alaan clark

oru britiish yaadhaasthithika paarlament amgavum (empy) ezhuthukaaranum dayaristumaayirunnu alaan kennathu mccansey clark (13 epril 1928-5 septambar 1999). maargarat thaacharude sarkkaarukalil thozhil, vyapaaram, prathirodha vakuppukalil juuniyar manthriyaayi addeham sevanamanushtichu. 1991ll addeham yunaittad kingdatthile privy kaunsilil amgamaayi.
ooo, ethra manoharamaaya yuddham!" enna sangeetha aakshepahaasyathin prachodanamaaya thante vivaada kruthiyaaya "dhaa donks" (1961) ulppede sainika charithratthinte niravadhi pusthakangalude rachayithaavaayirunnu addeham."
thante aadambaram, buddhi, asooya, mrugangalude avakashangalkkulla theekshnamaaya pinthuna ennivayaal clark ariyapettu. nammude kaalathe ettavum raashtreeyamaayi thettayathum thurannuparayunnathum, pratheekathmakavum, ashradhayumulla raashtreeyakkaaranum" ennaanu norman lamond addehathe visheshippichathu. addehathinte moonnu vaalyangalulla "alaan clark dayarikalil" thunnalkkaarante keezhilulla rashtreeya jeevithathekkurichulla oru vyakthamaaya vivaranavum maranathinu munbulla aazhchakalekkurichulla chalanathmakamaaya vivaranavum adangiyirikkunnu, athu pejil shradha kendreekarikkaan kazhiyaathe varunnathuvare addeham thudarnnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
landanile 55 laankaastar gettil scotish maathaapithaakkalaaya kalacharithrakaaranaaya kennathu clarkinteyum (pinneedu loard clark) airish vamshajayaaya bhaarya elisabath winnifred clarkinteyum ("nee" martin) mootha makanayi alaan clark janichu. addehathinte sahodariyum sahodaranumaaya sahodara erattakalaaya kolettum (sellie ennariyappedunnu) collin 1932ll janichu. aaram vayassil addeham maarilebonile oru preparatory skoolaaya egarttan hausil oru day booy aayi thudangi, avide ninnu onpathaam vayassil eestbornile sent cyprience schoolil borderaayi. 1939 meyy maasathil school kettidam theepidutthatthil nashichappol rakshappeduthiya ezhupathu aankuttikalil oraalaayirunnu clark. addehathe schoolinoppam midharstilekku maatti.
1940 septambaril luftwaff thekk-kizhakkan englandine bheeshanippeduthiyathode clarkkukal avarude makane cheltenham koleju juuniyar skoolile surakshita sthalathekku maatti. avide ninnu 1942 januvariyil addeham eetanilekku pooyi. 1946 februvariyil eettanil aayirikkumbol addeham windser aasthaanamaayulla gaarhika kuthirappadayude praadeshika pariseelana rejimentil chernnuvenkilum augustil eettan vittasesham discharge cheyyappettu. thudarnnu addeham ooksfoordile kraist charchil pooyi, avide addeham hyoog trever-ropparinte keezhil aadhunika charithram vaayikkukayum moonnaam klaas oonar birudam nedukayum cheythu. sambannaraaya amgangal, gambheeramaaya virunnu, restorantukaludeyum vidyaarthikaludeyum murikaludeyum naseekaranam ulppedeyulla mosham perumaattam ennivaykku peruketta oru swakaarya purusha daining klabbaya bullingdon clubble addeham amgamaayirunnu. sambathinteyum pankedukkaanulla sannadhathayudeyum adisthaanathil mathramalla, vidyaabhyaasathiloodeyum club athinte amgangale thiranjedukkunnu.oaksfordinu sesham addeham baarinaayi vaayikkunnathin munbu motoring pressinu vendi lekhanangal ezhuthi. 1955ll barylake vilichenkilum addeham niyamapariseelanam nadatthiyilla. pakaram, eee vishayathil professional ezhuthu lakshyamit addeham sainika charithram svakaaryamaayi padikkaan thudangi.
sainika charithram.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkathil britiish paryaveshana senayude (bii. iii. eph) prachaaranangalude oru punaravalokanacharithramaayirunnu klaarkkinte aadya pusthakamaaya "kazhuthakal" (1961). 1915 leeii padinjaaran frond pravartthanangal eee pusthakam ulkkollunnu, new chaappal, abers ridge, loose ennividangalile akramanangal, befinte commander-inn-cheef enna nilayil sarr joonn franch nirbandhithamaayi raajivachathilum pakaram dougless heigh addehathe niyamichathilum avasaanikkunnu. clark yudharamgangal vivarikkukayum sambhavicha kanatha jeevahaniyil ulppetta niravadhi generalukalude pravartthanangale vimarsikkukayum cheiyunnu. swaadheenathinaayi commandermar ettumuttunna thirasseelaykku pinnile rashtreeya thanthrangaleyum thante franch sakhyakakshikalumaayum loard kichanarumaayum joonn franchinte budhimuttukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu pusthakatthinte bhooribhaagavum. haig engane svayam sthaanamurappichu adikaaram ettedukkunnuvennu kaanikkan haiginte swantham dayarikal upayogikkunnu. prasidheekaranam nannayi vitazhikkappettu, athinte aadya achadi pravartthanam kazhinju 50 varshathinusheshavum ippozhum achadiyilaanu, ithu lokamahaayudhathinte britiish anubhavathekkurichulla oru pradhana kruthiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
britiish sainikare avarude kamaandarmaarumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyaan vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna "kazhuthakalude neethrthwathilulla simhangal" enna padaprayogatthil ninnaan pusthakatthinte thalakkett varachathu. 1921-ll evlin bluecher rajakumari thante oormmakkurippukal prasidheekarichu, athu 1918-ll ool (jarmman jii. echu. kyu) enna padaprayogatthinu kaaranamaayi. clarkinu eee padaprayogatthinte uthbhavam kandethaan kazhinjilla. rund generalukal thammilulla sambhashanavumaayi addeham pusthakathinu munganana nalkukayum jarmman general eric voonn falconhaininte ormmakkurippukalkku eee sambhashanam kaaranamaayi parayukayum cheythu. varshangalolam sambhaashanathinte uravidathekkurichu clark avyakthanaayirunnu, ennaal 2007-ll, addehathinte suhruthu yuwan graham 1960-kalude madhyathil oru sambhashanam oormmippichu, sambhaashanathinte uthbhavathekkurich velluvili neridunna clark, "nannayi njaan athu kandupidichu" ennu paranju."eee kandupidutham eee srishtiye apalapikkaan" "kazhuthakale" vimarshikkunnavare dhairyappedutthi ".
klaarkkinte vishayam thiranjedukkunnathil ferraminte loard liie shakthamayi swaadheenichu, oru kudumbasuhrithaaya addeham befinte kuzhappangalayi kanda karyangal orikkalum marannilla. thante kruthi vikasippikkunnathiloode clark thante upadeshtaavaayi pravarthicha charitrakaaranaaya basil lidel hartumaayi adutha suhruthukkalaayi. lidel hart drafttukal vaayikkukayum klaarkkinte "edaykkideyulla ashradha" yill aashankappedukayum cheythu. addeham niravadhi thiruthalukalude pattika thayyarakkukayum avaa ulppeduthukayum cheythu, "ithu oru mikacha rachanayaan, palappozhum athishayakaramayi thulachukayarunnu."
prasidheekaranathinu munbuthanne, feeld maarshalinte makan charitrakaaranumaaya joonn terrain, roobert blake, heiginte makale vivaham kazhicha klaarkkinte muun adthyaapakanaaya hugg trever-ropper ennivarulppede heiginte anuyaayikalil ninnu klaarkkinte srishtikal akramikkappettu. prasidheekaranathil, vinsttan charchilinu eee kruthi shupaarsha cheytha beaverbrook prabhuvil ninnu "kazhuthakal" valare pinthuna nalkunna abhipraayangal labhichu, koodaathe "times" oru nalla avalokanam achadichu. ennirunnaalum, joonn terraine eiii. jeey. pii. tailor moshamaaya avalokanangal ezhuthukayum charitrakaaranaaya maikkal howard athinte "slovenly scholarship" vimarsikkukayum "charithram enna nilayil, athu moolyamillaathathaanu" ennu ezhuthukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, howard athinte vaayanaakshamathaye prashamsikkukayum yudhakkalangaleyum yudhakkalangaleyum kurichulla vivaranagal "chilappol vaidagdhyamullathaanu" ennu abhipraayappedukayum cheythu. feeld marshell montgomery pinneedu clarkinode paranju, "oru bhayanakamaaya katham janaralshippinte samboornna parajayam thurannukaattunnathil ningal oru nalla jolie cheythu".
sameepa varshangalil, onnaam lokamahaayudhathile generalukalodu ekapaksheeyamaayi perumaariyathin chila charitrakaaranmaar eee kruthiye vimarsichittundu. 1991ll onnaam lokamahaayudhacharithrathukle lekhanangalude oru samahaaram edittu cheiyunnathil, "kazhuthakalude" janapriya steeriyodaippukalkkumpu neengaanulla rachayithaakkalude koottaaya aagraham bryan boond prakadippichu, athesamayam gurutharamaaya neethrthwa thettukal sambhavichuvennum ezhuthukaar onnum cheyyillennum sammathichu.
klaarkkinte nilavilulla kaazhchappaadine ethirkkunnathu niraashaajanakamaayi budhimuttaanennu charitrakaaranaaya peettar simkins parathippettu. professor richard holms samanamaaya oru parati nalki, "alaan klaarkkinte" kazhuthakal ", athinte ellah utsaahathinum rasakaravumaaya vivaranathinum, onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte rachanakalil shudhamaaya vanchanayude oru parambara chertthu. kazhuthakal nayikkunna simhangale' adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu ithinte peru. nirbhagyavashaal charitraparamaaya krithyathaykku, ithinu thelivukalonnumilla; onnumilla. oru jotto sinttillayo allah. atharam charithrangal nannayi vittazhikkappedukayum athu thudarukayum cheiyunnu ennathaanu yadhaartha prashnam. avar vaayikkaan aagrahikkunna karyangal vaayanakkaaran krithyamaayi athikkunnathiloode charitraparamaaya kettukadhaye avaa shakthippeduthunnu. klaarkkinte kruthiye "nindyamaayathu" ennu visheshippicha henry pejatt, clarkine yudhathile ettavum ahankaariyum ettavum aadaraneeyanumaaya ezhuthukaaranaayi kanakkakkiya aamglesiyude marcus, ennaal eee kaazhchappaadinte nishpakshathaye marachuvechirikkaam aamglesiyude britiish kuthirappadayekkurichulla swantham charithram clark avalokanam cheythuvenna vastutha "kuthirappada mikkavarum ellaayppozhum oru duranthamaanu, sthalavum vibhavangalum paazhaakkunnu."klaarkkinte pilkkala rashtreeya charithratthile gaveshakanaaya graham stuvartt," "torikal" "enna thalakkettil ezhuthumennu abhiprayappettu" "aalukale moshamaayi kaanunnathinaayi thiranjeduttha udharanikalkku appuramalla alan".
randaam lokamahaayudhathile aakramanamaaya ooppareshan barbarossa 1965ll "barbarossa" ennu visheshippichukondu addeham novalezhuthilum thante kaii pareekshichuvenkilum thudarnnulla pusthakangalonnum vaanijyaparamaayi vijayikkukayo "kazhuthakal" nediya athe shradha aakarshikkukayo cheythilla, 1970kalude madhyathil sainika charithratthinte paatha upekshichu deseeya raashtreeyathil oru professional currier pinthudarukayum cheythu.
rashtreeya jeevitam.
pothu vipaniyodu poornnamaayum ethirtha clark 1968ll kansarvetteevu thinkalaazhcha clubble cherukayum taamasiyaathe athinte wiltshire branchinte chairmaanaakukayum cheythu. 1971ll kansarvetteevu party kendra oafees addehathe valare valathupakshakkaaranaayathinaal karimpattikayil pedutthiyenkilum adhehavum mattullavarum nalkia praathinidhyathe thudarnnu addehathe karimpattikayil ninnu neekkam cheythu.
1970-ll vesttan suuppar-meyarinaayi yaadhaasthithika thiranjeduppu nadatthiya addeham jerry viggine paraajayappeduthi. pinneedu 1974 februvariyil nadanna pothutheranjeduppil 8,104 vottukalkku plymouth sattanile empiyayi, oru nyoonapaksha thozhil sarkkaarinte pradhaanamanthriyaayi edward heethil ninnu harrold vilson chumathalayettappol. 1974 oktobarile pothutheranjeduppil laber partic mothatthil cheria bhooripaksham labhichappol klaarkkinte vottu 1,192 vottukalkku kuranju, pakshe addehathinu appozhum 5,188 vottukal labhichu. paarlamentile addehathinte aadya anchu varshangal yaadhaasthithika prathipaksha benchukalilaayirunnu. 1975 meyy maasathil addeham thinkalaazhcha clubble amgamaayirunnu. klabbile amgathvam addeham eppol avasaanippichu ennu vyakthamalla, pakshe athu orupakshe oru sarkkar manthriyaayathin sheshamaayirikkaam. 1992 vare addeham club evantukale abhisambodhana cheiyunnathu thudarnnu.
thudarnnulla party neethrthwa malsarathil maargarat thaadithottikkaaranu vottu cheyyaan airi neevu addehathodu abhyarthichuvenkilum addeham villi vaitlooye anukoolichathaayi karuthappedunnu. adutha varsham pothuvipaniyil swatantra vottu vannu, enoch povalinte prasamgatthe prashamsichu clark ethirthu vottu cheythu. pittennu addeham soshyalist empy dennis skinnarode paranju, "dhaaraalam videshikal bharikkunna oru soshyalist brittanilaan njaan jeevikkunnath."maargarat thaachar addehathe vyakthiparamayi ishtappettirunnuvenkum addehathodu valia aadaravundaayirunnuvennum colomist jorjju hutchinson" "times" "enna lekhanathil addehathe nizhal manthrisabhayil ulppeduthanamennu nirddeshichirunnuvenku 1980kalil idatharam mantri sthaanangalil thudarnnukondu addehathe orikkalum manthrisabhayilekku sthaanakkayattam nalkiyilla".
1983ll thozhil vakuppil paarlamentari under sekrattari oof stettu enna nilayil clarkinu thante aadya manthristhaanam labhichu, avide pothusabhayil thulyavethanavumaayi bandhapetta niyanthranangalude amgeekaaram neekkunnathinulla utharavaaditham addehathinaayirunnu. 1983-ll addehathinte prasangam, varshangalolam nilkkunna suhruthaaya christopher selmesinoppam oru wine ruchiyulla athaazhathinu sesham aayirunnu. bureaucraticaayi ezhuthiya sivil sarvees prasamgamaayi addeham kanakkakkiyathil prakopithanaaya addeham thirakkadhayiloode kuthichuchaadi, vaachakathinte pejukal ozhivaakki. annathe prathipaksha empy clair short oru kramatthil ezhunnettu nilkkukayum, empimarkku house oof komansil madyapichirunnuvennu parasparam aupachaarikamaayi aaropikkan kazhiyillennu sammathicha sesham, madyapichathinu "kazhivillaayma", oru soumyokthi ennu addeham aaropichu. aaropanathil sarkkar benchukal roshaakularaanengilum, veenjinte ruchi thanne baadhichathaayi clark pinneedu thante dayarikalil sammathichu. innuvare, pothusabhayil ayacha pettiyil madyapichirunnathaayi aaropikkappedunna eaka paarlament amgamaanu addeham.
1986ll clarkine vyapara vyavasaya vakuppil vyapara manthriyaayi sthaanakkayattam nalki. eee samayathaan addeham iraakhilekkulla kayattumathi licenses, matricks-charchil kaaryangalil earppettathu. 1989ll addeham prathirodha manthraalayathil prathirodha sambharana manthriyaayi.
maargarat thaachar adhikaarathil ninnu veenathinethudarnnu 1992ll clark paarlamentil ninnu erangippoyi. iraakhilekkulla aayudha kayattumathi licensukalumaayi bandhappett thanikk ariyaavunna kaaryangalekkurichulla paarlamentari chodyangalkku marupadiyaayi "reality" upayogichu thaan saambathikamaayi laabhakaramaanennu matricks charchil vichaaranaykkide addeham sammathichathu vichaaranayude thakarchaykkum scott anweshanam sthaapikkunnathinum kaaranamaayi, ithu joonn mejarinte sarkkaarine durbalappedutthaan sahayichu.
raashtreeyathin purathulla jeevithathil maduppu thonniya clark 1997 leeii thiranjeduppil kensingtonileyum chelsiayileyum amgamaayi paarlamentilekku madangiyethukayum baalkkanukalile naattoyude prachaaranatthe vimarsikkukayum cheythu.
britiish unionism, vamseeya vyathyasam, saamoohika vargam ennivayekkurichu sakthamaaya kaazhchappaadukal pulartthiyirunna clark mrugangalude avakashangal, deseeyavaada samrakshanavaadam, euroseptisijam ennivaye pinthunachirunnu. addeham hanock povaline "pravaachakan" ennu visheshippichu. clark orikkal prakhyaapichu "ningalude vamshatheyum ningalude raajyatheyum kurichu abhimaanikkunnathu swaabhaavikamaanu", oru vakupputhala yogathil africa "bongo bongo land" ennu paraamarshichu. ennirunnaalum, eee paraamarshatthinu vamsheeyamaaya ardhangalonnum illennu clark nishedhichu, ithu gaabon president omar bongoyekkurichulla paraamarshamaanennu avakashappettu.
vellakkarkkethiraaya vamseeya akramanam thiranjedukkunnathil maadyamangalum sarkkarum parajayappettuvennum vellakkarkkethiraaya vamseeya akramanangalonnum avaganichuvennum clark vaadichu. ennirunnaalum, deseeya frond chairman joonn tindaline addeham "alppam blockhead" ennu visheshippikkukayum addehathinte ashayangal nirasikkukayum cheythu.
videsha sarkkarukalkkulla aayudha vilppanayude melnottam vahikkunna vyapara manthriyaayirunnappol clarkinode maadhyamapravarthakanaaya joonn pilger abhimukham nadatthi.
mrugangalude avakaashangalude aaveshabharithanaaya pinthunakkaaranaaya clark, thalsamaya kayattumathiykkethiraaya doveril nadanna prakadanangalilum, mruga vimochana munnaniyude pattini samarakaari baari hornine pinthunachu house oof komansinu puratthumulla pravartthakarodoppam chernnu.
dayarikal.
1993ll clark thante rashtreeya, vyakthiparamaaya dayarikalude aadya vaalyam prasidheekarichu, ithu maikkal hesseltain, dougless hurd, kennathu clark thudangiya muthirnna yaadhaasthithika raashtreeyakkaarekkurichu vivaranagal akkaalat cheria naanakkedaayi. maikkal joplingine udharichu addeham paranju-akkaalathe deputy pm hesseltine paraamarshichu-"maikkalinte prashnam thante ellah furnitureukalum vaangendivannu ennathaanu" ennu parayukayum athu "moshamaaya, pakshe murikkal" ennu vilayiruthukayum cheythu. addehathinte dayarikalude thudarnnulla rund vaalyangal klaarkkinte paarlamentari jeevithathinte aadyatheyum pilkkaalatheyum bhagangal ulkkollunnu. japanese sainikavaadathekkurichula aavarthichulla aashankakal dayarikal velippeduthunnunde addehathinte yadhaartha kaazhchappaadukal palappozhum vyakthamalla, kaaranam deseeya soshyalisathinte britiish pathippinodulla sahathapam pole, viddikalaanennu thaan vishwasikkunnavarude aswasthathayekkurichu "naavil naav" paraamarshikkunnath addeham aasvadichu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
1958-ll, 30 vayassulla clark, vellington rejimentile duke oof vellington kenal lessie brindley breamilente makalum scotish pakshishaasthranjanaaya vilyam roobert ogilvi-graantinte ammayude bhaagathulla oru pingami aaya 16 vayassulla (carolin) jaine vivaham kazhichu. 41 varshamaayi vivahitharaaya avarkk rund aanmakkalundaayirunnu.
addehathinte mootha makan jaims (scotish estettaaya eribolil thaamasichirunna) 2019 august 15 nuu 59 aam vayassil braine tumour baadhichu marichu.
matricks charchil vichaaranaykkide dakshinaafrikkayile oru vivaahamochana kesil addeham paraamarsikkappettu, athil dakshinaafrikkan baaristtarude bhaarya valery harcus, avarude penmakkalaaya josephine, alison ennivarumaayi addehathinu bandhamundayirunnathaayi velippettu. sensationalist tabloid thalakkettukalkk sesham, klaarkkinte bhaarya jaine eee variyodoppam "udambadi" ennu vilikkunna clarkinekkurichu ingane abhiprayappettu "sharee, thaazhathe nilakalumaayi urangumbol ningal enthaanu pratheekshikkunnath?"aval bharthaavine oru 's, echu, vann, tii' ennu visheshippichu.
maranam.
1999 septambar 5nuu 71-aamm vayassil braine tumour baadhichu clark saltwood kottayil vachu marichu. addehathinte mrithadeham kottayude maitanath samskarichu. maranashesham, thaan tomin mattu naaykkalkkum oppam cheraan pooyittundennu parayaan clark aagrahikkunnuvennu addehathinte kudumbam paranju."
maadyamangal.
1993ll clark chaanal 4 televisionil araa manikkoor dairkhyamulla "abhipraaya" prabhashanam nadatthi, athil addeham thante dayariyil paranju "athu nallathaayirunnu. vyakthavum urappullathum chalikkunnathum. njaan compose ente 'primilum' aayirunnu. palarum athu kandu. ellaavarum aaveshabharitharaayirunnu. innu "dhii times" ll ekkar kavarej."1997-ll clark bbckaayi" "alaan klaarkkinte torry party charithram" "enna peril naalu bhaagangalulla oru parambara avatharippichu".
2004-ll, joonn hurt bbcyude "dhii alaan clark dayarikalil" clarkineyum (jenni auguter addehathinte bhaarya jaine) chithreekarikkukayum avarude yadhaartha prasidheekaranathe chuttipattiyulla chila vivaadangal punarujeevippikkukayum britiish pathrangalilum maadhyamangalilum thante peru veendum konduvarikayum cheythu. addehathinte dayarikalude edittaraaya ayoon truvin ezhuthiya alaan klaarkkinte amgeekritha jeevacharitram 2009 septambaril prasidheekarichu.