
yunaittad kingdatthinte oorjja nayam

oorjja theevratha kuraykkunnathinum oorjja daaridryam kuraykkunnathinum oorjja vitharana vishwaasyatha nilanirthunnathinumulla yunaittad kingdatthinte shramangale yunaittad kingdatthinte oorjja nayam soochippikkunnu. oorjja theevratha uyarnnathayi nilanilkkunnundenkil yunaittad kingdom ithil vijayichu. bhaavivarshangalil kaarban dye ooksaid puranthallal kuraykkuka enna oru abhilasha lakshyamund, ennaal eee lakshyam kaivarikkunnathinu nilavilulla paripaadikal paryaapthamaano ennu vyakthamalla. oorjja svayamparyaapthathaye sambandhichidatholam, yuke nayam eee prashnathe abhisambodhana cheiyunnilla, charitraparamaaya oorjja suraksha nilavil illaathaakunnundennu sammathikkukayallaathe (vadakkan kadal enna ulppaadanathinte idivu kaaranam). 
aabhyanthara, hraswadura europian vimana sarveesukal naadakeeyamaayi kuraykkaan saadhyathayulla athivega trainukalil prasnangal neridunnundengilum nagarangalumayi pothugathagatha bandhangal prothsaahippikkunnathil yunaittad kingdatthinu charitraparamaayi nalla nayaparamaaya recordund. ennirunnaalum, vardhichuvarunna gathagatha indhana upabhogam niyanthrikkunnathinulla labhakaramaaya hraswakaala maargangale prathinidheekarikkunna oopshanukalaaya hibrid vahana upayogatheyo ethanol indhana upayogatheyo nayam ganyamaayi prolsaahippikkunnil. punarupayoga oorjjathe sambandhichidatholam, yunaittad kingdatthinu kaattinteyum veliyettathinteyum oorjjathinteyum lakshyangalund. oorjjathekkurichulla 2007leeii dhavalapatram 2020 aakumbozhekkum yukeyude oorjjathinte 20 sathamaanam punarupayogikkaavunna srothassukalil ninnu labhikkanamenn lakshyamidunnu.
2023ll bisinus, energy, industrial straattaji vakuppine bisinus, trade vakuppaayum sayans, innoveshan, teknolaji vakuppaayum vibhajichathinusesham yunaittad kingdatthinte nilavile oorjja nayam oorjja suraksha, nettu seero (desns) vakuppinte utharavaadithamaanu. oorjja vipanikale niyanthrikkunnath gyaas, electricity maarkkattukalude (ofjem) offeesaanu.
1989leeii vaidyuthi niyamavum 1986leeii gyaas niyamavum eee yoottilittikal svakaaryavalkkarichathinum yuke sarkkar oorjja nayathil shradha kendreekaricha mekhalakal maari. 1998lum 1999lum vathaka, vaidyuthi vipanikalude poornna udaaravalkkaranathinushesham thudarchayaaya yuke sarkkaarukalude shradha kendreekarikkunna nayathil oorjja vila kaikaaryam cheyyuka, decarbonisation, smart meterukalude puratthirakkal, raajyathe kettida stokkinte oorjja karyakshamatha mechappeduthal enniva ulppedunnu.
avalokanam.
2007leeii dhavalapatram "oorjja velluvili neriduka" ennathu yuke abhimukeekarikkunna deerghakaala oorjja velluvilikale neridunnathinum naalu nayaparamaaya lakshyangal kaivarikkunnathinumaayi sarkkaarinte anthaaraashtra, aabhyanthara oorjja thanthram roopappeduthunnu
oorjja nayatthinte vyapthiyil vaidyuthiyude uthppaadanavum vitharanavum, gathagatha indhana upayogam, choodaakkal marggangal (ganyamaayi prakrithivaathakam) enniva ulppedunnu.
nayam amgeekarikkunnu "nammude jeevithathinte mikkavarum ellah mekhalakalilum nammude sambadvyavasthayude vijayathin oorjjam anivaaryamaan. naam rund deerghakaala oorjja velluvilikale abhimukeekarikkunnu
1960kalilum 1970kalilum nirmmicha nilavile kalkari, aanavorja nilayangal avarude jeevithaavasaanathilethukayum adachupoottaan thayyarakukayum cheiyunnathinaal adutha rund pathittaandukalkkullil yukeik ekadesham aii. dii. 1 jii. dablyu puthiya vaidyuthi ulppaadana sheshi aavasyamaanennum nayam amgeekarikkunnu.
2006leeii oorjja avalokanam yukeyil puthiya aanavorja nilayangalude saadhyatha veendum avatharippichu. greenpease abhyarthicha judicial avalokanathethudarnnu, 2007 februvari 15 nuu 2006 leeii oorjja avalokanathinte gadakangal 'gurutharamaaya pizhavukal' ullavayaanennum 'aparyaptham mathramalla, thettidharippikkunnavum' vidhichu. thalphalamaayi, oru puthiya thalamura aanavorja nilayangal nirmmikkanulla padhathikal akkaalat niyamavirudhamaanennu vidhikkapettu. "(vishadaamshangalkku yunaittad kingdatthile aanavorjam kaanuka). ithinu marupadiyaayi, 2007 meyy muthal october vare "aanavorjjathinte bhaavi" enna koodiyaalochana sarkkar nadatthi. 2008 januvariyil prasidheekaricha koodiyaalochanakalkkulla sarkkaarinte prathikaranam kalavastha vyathiyaanathinteyum vitharanathinte surakshayudeyum velluvilikalkkethire sajjamakkiyathaayi prasthaavichu, puthiya aanavorja nilayangale pinthunaykkunna thelivukal nirnaayakamaan."
oorjja vipaniyodulla sarkkar nayavum kalavastha vyathiyaanathilum vitharanathinte surakshayilum neridunna velluvilikalum prathifalippikkunnathina 2008 januvari oorjja bill yukeyile niyamanirmmaana chattakkood apdettucheythu. billile pradhana gadakangal aanava, kaarban pidichedukkal, sambharanam, punarupayoga oorjjam, samudrathira vaathakam, enna ennivaye abhisambodhana cheythu. oru puthiya niyanthrana anthareekshathinullil aanavorjjathil nikshepam prolsaahippikkunnathi oru chattakkood 2008 januvariyil aanava dhavalapathrathil oresamayam prasidheekarichu.
2008 octoberil oorjja nayavum (munbu bisinus, enterprise, regulatory parishkarana vakuppumayi) kalavastha vyathiyana laghookarana nayavum (munbu paristhithi, bhakshya, grameena karyangal vakuppumayi) orumichu konduvarunnathinaayi sarkkar oorjja, kalavastha vyathiyana vakupp srishtichu.
scotland.
1998 leeii scotland act prakaram skotlandinaayi vibhajicha gavanment sthaapicha yuke gavanmentinu neekkivachirikkunna oru mekhalayaanu oorjja nayam, scotish gavanmentinu yuke nayavumaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunna skotlandinaayi oru oorjja nayam undu, koodaathe athinte naya mungananakalude chila vashangal praabalyatthil varuthaan praapthamaakkunnathin aasoothrana adhikaaravumund.
oorjja vipanikal.
oru "gaveshanavum vipanikalum" avalokanam 2006 ll yuke ulnaadan oorjja upabhogathinte motham vipani moolyam £ 130.73bn aanennu kanakkakki. oorjjamekhalayude upabhogam £ 28.73bn aayirunnu, athesamayam oorjja ithara mekhalayude upabhoga moolyam £ 128.2bn aayirunnu, gathagatham oorjja ithara mekhalayude ettavum valia gadakamaanu.
eee dashakathinte avasana pakuthiyil vitharanathinte suraksha urappakkunnathinaayi janarettarukalkulla vyathyasathinulla karaarukal, sheshi vipani thudangiya nadapadikal ulppede yuke nilavil athinte vaidyuthi vipaniyil vishalamaaya parishkaarangal nirddeshikkunnu.
vaidyuthi vitharanathinte praadhamika oorjja srothassukal.
charitraparamaayi aanava, theeradesha prakrithivaathaka ulppaadanathinu oonnal nalkunna oru rajyamaaya yunaittad kingdom nilavil oru motham oorjja irakkumathikkaaraayi maarukayaan.
2011ll praadhamika oorjja srothassukalil ninnu labhikkuna vaidyuthi vitharanathinte sathamaanam iprakaaramaayirunnu
kalkari.
2025 oode ellah kalkari vaidyutha nilayangalum adachupoottumennu 2015 novemberil yuke sarkkar prakhyaapichu.
2015 avasaanathode irumbuthattal pravartthanam nirtthi. thudarnnu 2016ll rugli, ferribridge, longaanett ennividangalil moonnu power steshanukal adachu. 2018ll muttakkaadukal adachupoottukayum gyaas power steshanaakki maattaan anumathi nalkukayum cheythu. 2018ll linemouth power steshan biomassil pravarthippikkunnathinna parivartthanam cheyyukayum yuskmouthu parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. 2019ll kottam adachupoottumennum aduthuthanne kiloy adachupoottumennum prakhyaapichittundu.
2016 meyy maasathil aadyamaayi sourorjjam kalkariyekkaal kooduthal vaidyuthi uthppaadippichu, kalkariyile aii. dii. 1 neey apekshichu maasathil aii. dii. 2 uthppaadippichu. 2017 epril 21nuu, pathonpathaam noottaandinu sesham aadyamaayi, kalkari oorjjathil ninnu oru ulppaadanavum illaathe yukeyil 24 manikkoor kaalayalav undaayirunnu. 2018leeii kanakkanusarichu kalkari oorjjathinte upayogam vyaavasaayika viplavathinu munbu kandittillaatha charitraparamaaya thaazhnna nilayilekku kurayukayaanu. 2017ll 7 sathamaanavum 2016ll 9 sathamaanavum 2015ll 23 sathamaanavum 2014ll 30 sathamaanavum ayirunna kalkari 2018ll brittanil vaidyuthi vitharanam cheythath 5.4 shathamaanamaayi kuranju.
gyaas.
1980kalilum 1990 kalude thudakkathilum vaathakathinte ulppaadana sheshi vanthothil vardhichu, ithu vaathakathinulla dash ennariyappettu. aaa kaalaghattatthile uyarnna palisha nirakk kaaranam vaathakathil pravartthikkunna plaantukalude nirmmaanatthinte vegatha (kalkari allengil aanava plaantukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol) prathyekichum akarshakamaayirunnu.
bhaaviyile yuke oorjja aavasyangal niravettunnathil prakrithivaathakam oru cheria punk vahikkumennu thonnunnu. vadakkan kadal vaathakappaadangalil ninnulla aabhyanthara uthppaadanam kurayunnathu thudarunnu. pipe lineukal vardhippikkunnathinum irakkumathi cheytha prakruthivaathakathinte (kooduthalum norwayil ninnu) sambharanathinumulla nikshepam undaayirunnittum oorjja aavasyangalkkaayi russia athinte vathaka kayattumathiyeyum valareyadhikam aashrayikkaan anuvadikkaatha oru vimukhathayundu.
2021 aakumbozhekkum vadakkan kadal ennayudeyum prakruthivaathakathinteyum uthppaadanam 2005 leeii nilavaaratthil ninnu prathivarsham oru dasalaksham baaralil thazheyaayi 75 sathamaanam kurayumennu pravachikkappedunnu. europile enna, kalkari shekharam vikasita rajyangalil ettavum durbalamaanu udaaharanathinu, yooroppinte vaarshika upabhoga anupatham 3 sathamaanamaanu, ithu loka nilavaaratthil apakadakaramaamvidham kuravaanu.
2015 novemberil oorjja sekrattari amber ruud oru puthiya "gyaas phoor gyaas" prakhyaapichu. 2025 oode ellah kalkari vaidyutha nilayangalum adachupoottunnathum puthiya aanavorja nilayangal thurakkunnathu vaikunnathum thammilulla vidavu nikathaan ithu aavasyamaanu.
aanavorjam.
puthiya aanavorja nilayangalude nirmmaanatthe pinthunaykkaanulla yuke sarkkaarinte 2008 januvariyile theerumaanathetthudarnnu, 2017 oode yukeyil naalu puthiya plaantukal thurakkaan padhathiyidunnathaayi adf prakhyaapichu. scotish sarkkar ethirkkunnathinaal skotlandil kooduthal aanavorja nilayangal nirmmikkaan saadhyathayilla.
punarupayoga oorjjam.
1990 kalude madhyam muthal punarupayoga oorjjam yunaittad kingdatthil uthppaadippikkunna vaidyuthiyil sambhavana cheyyaan thudangi, ithu oru cheria jalavaidyutha ulppaadana sheshi vardhippichu. 2009ll yunaittad kingdatthil uthppaadippikkunna vaidyuthiyude 6.7 sathamaanam punarupayoga oorjja srothassukal nalkukayum 2012ll ithu aii. dii. 1 aayi uyarukayum cheythu.
2011 pakuthiyode, yunaittad kingdatthile kaattinte sthaapitha sheshi 5,7 jigaavaattiladhikamaayirunnu, koodaathe lokathile ettaamathe valia kaattinte oorjja uthppaadaka rajyamaayi yuke sthaanam nedi. sameepabhaviyil yukeyil kaattil ninnulla oorjjam valarunnathu thudarumennu prathekshikkunnu, adutha anchu varshathekku prathivarsham 2 jidablyuvil kooduthal sheshi vinyasikkumennu renewalk kanakkakkunnu. yukeyil biomass kazhinjaal punarupayoga oorjjathinte randaamathe valia srothassaanu kaattil ninnulla oorjjam.
2020 muthal grid skeyil baattari sambharanathinte vipuleekaranam nadakkunnu, ithu kaattinteyum sourorjjathinteyum vyathiyaanathe neridaan sahayikkunnu. 2021 meyy vareyulla kanakkukal prakaram, denorvig, kroochan, festiniyog ennividangalile parambaraagatha pump cheytha sambharanathodoppam 1.3 jii. dablyu grid sambharana baattarikalum sajeevamaayirunnu.
oorjjathinte anthima upayogam.
2005ll, yukeyile oorjja upabhogam mekhalayanusarichu ekadesham thaazhepparayunna reethiyil vibhajikkappettu
vardhichuvarunna sambannarum mobail janasamkhyayum indhana upayogathil kramanugathamaaya vardhanavu varuthunnu, athinaal 2000-nuu sheshamulla dashakathil indhana upayogam patthu sathamaanam vardhichu. kooduthal kaaryakshamamaya deesal, hibrid vaahanangalude vardhicha sathamaanam eee pravanatha kurakkumennu prathekshikkunnu.
yunaittad kingdatthile bahirakashavum chooduvella choodaakkalum amerikkayumaayum kooduthal soumyamaaya thekkan europian allengil ushnamekhalaa kaalaavasthakalumaayum thaarathamyappeduthumbol anthima upayogathinte valia punk upayogikkunnu. oorjja upayogathe badhikkunna kettidanirmmaana, aasoothrana prasnangalumaayi bandhappett, praadeshika kaunsilukaliloode oorjja samrakshanam prolsaahippikkunnathi yuke maarganirddesha rekhakal vikasippichittund, prathyekichu kettida niyanthranangalude (indhanathinteyum oorjjathinteyum samrakshanam) bhagam onnil paranjirikkunnathupole. bandhapetta rekha. bhagam 2 bii, vaanijyaparamaaya upayogangale abhisambodhana cheiyunnu, koodaathe choodaakkal prashnangalekkurichu pothuve poornnamaanu; lighting niyanthranangalude praadeshika swichinginulla maargganirddeshangal ozhike lighting prasnangalil maargganirddeshangal illa. prathyekichum prakasha nilavaarathinu manadandangalonnumilla, koodaathe vaanijya oorjja upayogathinte ettavum pradhanappetta anaavashya chelavukalilonnaan amita prakashanam.
2007 juun muthal, englandileyum veyilsileyum kettidangal vilkkunnathino vaadakaykkedukkunnathino munbu, kettidangalude europian oorjja prakadanatthinte aavasyakathakal niravettunnathinaayi (directive 2002/91 EC) energy perfomence certification (EPC) nalkendathundu.
oorjja vipani naya charithram.
1980kalude vipani udaaravalkkaranam.
1980kalilum 1990kalilum yaadhaasthithikarude keezhil, sarkkar niyantritha oorjja kambanikalude svakaaryavalkkaranavum oorjja vakuppine pirichuvidunnathumaayi bandhapetta vipani udaaravalkkaranamaayirunnu sarkkar nayam.
thalphalamaayi, oorjja vipanikale nerittu niyantrikkaanulla kazhivu sarkkaarin inii illa. grettu brittanile gyaas aandu electricity maarkkattukalude (ofjem) offeesiloodeyum northen ireland authority phoor yoottility regulation (niyaur) vazhiyumaan ippol niyanthranam nadappilaakkunnathu, athesamayam oorjja nayam pradhaanamaayum vipaniyude pravartthanatthe swaadheenikkunnathil parimithappedutthiyirikku. nikuthi (vadakkan kadal enna nikuthi polullava), subsidy (punarupayoga oorjja badhyatha polullava), prothsaahanangal, aasoothrana niyanthranangal, baadhyathakalude unterriting (aanava nirthalaakkal authority vahikkunnath polullava), graantukal, gaveshanathinulla dhanasahayam ennivayiloodeyaanu atharam swaadheenam cheluthunnathu.
1990 muthal 2000 vare.
oru malsaraadhishtitha oorjja vipani srishtikkunnathinulla thalpparyangal kanakkileduthu 1990kaliludaneelam yuke sarkkar parishkaarangal varuthunnathu thudarnnu. 1994laanu vaatt aadyamaayi aabhyanthara oorjjathil prayogichathu.
1997ll thozhil sarkkar adhikaarathil vannappol, oru malsaraadhishtitha oorjja vipani srishtikkunnathinulla prathibaddhatha nilanirthappettu, puthiya oorjja mantri joonn baattil empy daridraraaya kudumbangale samrakshikkunnathinulla sarkkaarinte saamoohika baadyathaykkum athinte paaristhithika prathibadhathakalkkum oonnal nalki.
laber gavanment 60 vayassinu mukalilullavarkkaayi shaityakaala indhana paymentukal avatharippikkukayum athinte aadyathe pradhana oorjja niyamanirmmaanathil utilities act 2000 pasakkukayum cheythu. eee niyamanirmmanam oorjja vitharanakkaarkkayi oru licensing samvidaanam nadappilaakkukayum gyaas, electricity maarkkat authorityum oru regulatoraayi aadhipathyam srishtikkukayum cheythu, koodaathe gyaas, electricity kansyoomar kaunsil (energy vaachu ennariyappedunnu) grettu brittanile gyaas, electricity upabhokthaakkalude thalpparyangal samrakshikkunnathinum prolsaahippikkunnathu utharavaadithamulla oru niyamaparamaaya sthaapanamaayi.
1999ll ellah yuke kudumbangalkkum avarude gyaas allengil vaidyuthi vitharanakkaare maattaan kazhinjappol gyaas, vaidyuthi vipanikalude poornna udaaravalkkarana prakriya poortthiyaayi. 1998num 2003num idayil moonnilonnu gyaas, vaidyuthi upabhokthakkal maarukayum, vividha oorjja daathaakkalkkidayil maarukayum cheythukondu avarude gyaas, vaidyuthi billukalil panam labhikkaan kudumbangale prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. 2000kalude madhyathode, britiish gyaas, adf energy, udha.oonn, enpower, scotish power, ezz. ezz. iii.
yaadhaasthithika empy david amaze avatharippicha swakaarya amgangalude billaya warm hoams aandu energy kansarveshan act 2000 umm paarlament pasaki, ithu sarkkaarinte indhana daaridrya thanthram roopappeduthunnu-nyayamaaya chelavil choodu nilanirthaan kazhiyaatha oru veettil kuranja varumaanathil thamasikkunna eathoru kudumbatheyum "indhana daaridryam" ennu nirvachikkunnu-2016 oode indhana daaridryam illaathaakkaanulla prathibaddhathayode.
2008ll, rund vipanikaludeyum poornnamaaya udaaravalkkaranathinu sesham vaidyuthi, vathaka vipanikalile malsarathekkurichulla aadyathe pradhana anweshanamaayi offjem athinte oorjja vitharana anweshanam aarambhichu. eee vipanikalil malsarathe durbalappeduthunna niravadhi savisheshathakal undennu anweshanathil kandethi, ennaal oru samghathinte thelivukaloo chillara oorjja vilavardhanaye mothachelavu kondu nyaayeekarikkan kazhiyillenno kandethiyitla.
2010 muthal 2017 vareh oorjja niyamam.
2010leeii thiranjeduppinu munnodiyaayi, thozhil sarkkar 2010leeii oorjja niyamam pasaki. mattu parishkarangalkkoppam, ithu 2011ll praabalyatthil vanna ooshmalamaaya bhawana kizhivu padhathi avatharippikkukayum, indhana daaridryathilo indhana daaridryasaadhyathayulla groupilo jeevikkunna aalukalkk pinthuna nalkaan valia oorjja vitharanakkaarkk niyamaparamaaya badhyatha nalkukayum cheythu. ithu chila thaazhnna varumaana upabhokthaakkalkk tarif kuraykkunna mattu niravadhi padhathikale maatti.
vitharanakkaarude oorjja thaarifukalude vilanirnnayathekkurichu vardhichuvarunna aashankakalkku marupadiyaayi, 2010 novemberil aarambhicha oru retail maarkkat avalokanathode offjem athinte oorjja vitharana anweshanam thudarnnu. vathaka, vaidyuthi vipanikalile sankeernnatha upabhokthakkalkkum malsarathinum oru thadassamaanennu avalokanam kandethi. 75 sathamaanam upabhokthaakkalum avarude vitharanakkaarante staanderd "nithyaharitha" thaarifukalilaanennu ("staanderd variable thaarifukal" allengil ezz. vii. tii. kall ennum ariyappedunnu) kandethi, ithu oru nischitha kaalayalavil panam laabhikkunna nischitha-tame thaarifukalekkaal chelaveria sthirasthithi oopshanaanu. mothavila vardhanavu kurayunnathinekkaal vegathil oorjja vila uyarunnathayi ithu kandethi, koodaathe puthiya vitharanakkaare vipaniyil praveshikkunnathil ninnu thadayunna kaaryamaaya thadassangal moolam malsaram durbalamaayi. vitharanakkaarude chila licenses vyavasthakal maattuka, vilanirnayam kooduthal suthaaryamaakkuka, upabhokthakkalkkaayi malsarikkunnathinu puthiya vitharanakkarkkulla thadassangal kuraykkuka, vila thaarathamya websaittukalil upabhokthru vishwaasam mechappeduthunnathinna pravartthikkuka enniva ulppedeyulla niravadhi nadapadikal avar nirddeshichu.
2010ll thiranjedukkappetta sakhyasarkkaar 2011ll oorjjathekkurichulla swantham dhavalapatram prasidheekarichu, athu decarbonisationilum vitharanathinte surakshayilum shradha kendreekarichu, ennaal ithu aadhipathyathinte kandethalukaleyum nirddishta parishkaarangaleyum pinthunachu. kooduthal parishkaranangalkk vendi vaadikkunnavaril upabhokthru groupil eathaanu ulppettathu? munbu energy vaachu ennariyappettirunna niyamaparamaaya sthaapanamaaya upabhokthru focus (pinneedu upabhokthru fuechezhs).
oorjja vitharanakkaare upabhokthaakkalkk avarude ettavum vilakuranja tarif nalkaan nirbandhikkaanulla uddeshyam sarkkar pinneedu prakhyaapichu, thudarnnu kooduthal adikaarangal nalkunnathinaayi oorjja niyamam 2013 ll bhedagathikal varuthi. 2030 avasaanathode baand siyude minimum oorjja karyakshamatha ratinginu nyayamaayum praayogikamaayathra indhana pavapetta veedukal mechappeduthukayenna lakshyathode 2014 ll sarkkar englandinaayulla niyamanirmmaana indhana daaridrya thanthram bhedagathi cheythu.
2013 septambar 24 nuu laber party nethaavum oorjja muun sekrattariyumaaya eddu milliband, adutha pothutheranjeduppil thozhilaallikal vijayichaal 20 maasathekku oorjja billukal maravippikkanulla padhathikal prakhyaapichu, eee neekkam sharashari kudumbangalkk 120 poundum bisinasukalkku 1,800 poundum laabhikkumenn paranju. eee prakhyaapanatthe oorjja vitharanakkaar vimarsikkukayum "maarksist" ennum sarkkar "vinashakaramaaya" ennu mudrakuthukayum cheythu, ennaal britiish pothujanangalil moonnil rund bhaagavum ithine pinthunachu.
varshaavasaanathode, valia oorjja vitharanakkaar thangalude upabhokthaakkalil ninnu amita nirakk eedaakkunnu enna dharanayekkurichu britiish pothujanagalkkidayil valia thothilulla athrupthi undennu sarkkar amgeekarichu.
fair trading offeesumaayum puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya kompatteeshan aandu maarkkats athorittiyumaayum (sii. emm. eiii) pravarthicha sesham, oorjja vipaniyile malsaram veendum vilayiruthunnathinayi, 2014 juun 26 nuu, offjem grettu brittanile oorjja vpaniye anweshanathinaayi sii. emm. eiii. yilek ruffer cheythu. 2015ll prasidheekaricha sii. emm. eyude oru idakkaala reportil oorjja vitharanakkaar upabhokthaakkalil ninnu 1.7 bilyan poundu vare amithamaayi eedaakkunnuvennu avakashappettu. 2016ll prasidheekaricha sii. emm. eyude kandethalukalum nirddishta parihaarangalum prepayment meterukalil undaayirunna oorjja upabhokthakkalkkulla vila paridhi ulppeduthiyittundu-ennaal vendathra dooram pookaatthathinu vyaapakamaayi vimarsikkappettu.
2017 maarchode, oorjja upabhokthakkalkkaayi vaadikkunnathinaayi upabhokthru bhaaviyude dhanasahayavum utharavaadithangalum ettedutha pouranmaarude upadesham, kuranja varumaanamulla kooduthal kudumbangalkk prepayment meter paridhi vyaapippikkaan sarkkarinodu aavasyappedukayaayirunnu.
2018 muthal innuvare sthira tarif oorjja vila paridhi.
2017leeii pothutheranjeduppinu munnodiyaayi, kansarvetteevu party prakadana pathrikayil oorjja billukalil vila niyanthranam prayogikkunnathinulla oru nayam ulppeduthumennu pradhaanamantri tereza prathijnjayeduthekkaam. oorjja vipani saadhaarana jolie cheiyunna kudumbangalkk vendi pravarthikkunnilla" ennum avar veendum thiranjedukkappettaal oro kudumbatthinum 100 poundu vare laabhikkunna oru vilanirnaya nayam avatharippikkumennum "sann" pathratthil ezhuthaam.
thiranjeduppu phalam nyoonapaksha sarkkar roopeekarikkaan nirbandhithamaayathinethudar nayam maattaan avarude manthrisabhayile mattu amgangalil ninnu sammarddam undaayirunnu, ennaal 192 mps oppitta thuranna kathu ulppede munnott pookaan mattu mpacl ninnulla sammarddavum undaayirunnu, avaril 70 ladhikam perr yaadhaasthithika mps aayirunnu. 2017 octoberil nadanna kansarvetteevu party konfaransil nadatthiya prasamgatthil pradhaanamantri thante munnira oorjja nayathodulla prathibaddhatha aavarthichu. vila paridhi allengil "suraksha tarif" offjem nadappaakkumennum 11 dasalaksham kudumbangalkk vaidyuthi, vaathakam ennivayude vila staanderd variable thaarifukalil parimithappedutthumennum prakhyaapichu.
aabhyanthara vathaka, vaidyuthi (tarif cap) bill 2018" niyamanirmmaanathil avatharippikkukayum cross-party bisinus, energy, industrial straattaji select kammittiyil ninnulla niyamanirmmaanathinu munbulla sookshmaparishodhanayethudarnna 2018 februvari 26 nuu athinte aadya vaayana nadathukayum cheythu. 2018 juulai 18nuu paarlamentiloode niyamanirmmanam poortthiyaakkukayum pittennu rajakeeya amgeekaaram labikkukayum cheythu.
tarif cap act prakaram 2018 avasaanam muthal 2020 vare vila paridhi nilanilkkum, 2023 vare vaarshika adisthaanathil paridhi nilanirtthano ennu offjem shupaarsha cheyyum. oro 6 maasathilum paridhi avalokanam cheyyum.
2018 septambaril, "sthira tarif prais kyaappinte" prarambha nilavaaram ardhamaakkunnathu oorjja vitharanakkaare direct debitt vazhi adaykkunna oru saadhaarana eratta indhana upabhokthaavin prathivarsham 1,136 poundil kooduthal eedaakkaan anuvadikkillennum ithu 11 dasalaksham britiish kudumbangalkk sthira allengil staanderd variable thaarifukalil avarude gyaas, vaidyuthi billukalil prathivarsham sharashari 75 poundu labhikkumennum offjem nirddeshichu.
upayogikkunna oro yoonit (kwh) vaathakathinum vaidyuthikkum, koodaathe dainamdina staanding charjinum, athu upabhogathinanusarichu vyathyaasappedunnathinaal, kyaappinte vila nischayikkunnu. motha oorjja chelavu (veedukalil oorjjam vitharanam cheiyunnathinu vaathakavum vaidyuthiyum labhikkunnathin oru vitharanakkaaran ethra panam nalkanam), oorjja shringhala chelavukal (raajyathudaneelam oorjjam vahikkunna paippukalum vayarukalum nirmmikkunnathinum paripalikkunnathinum pravarthippikkunnathinu praadeshika chelavukal), poolisi chelavukal (oorjjam labhikkunnathinum udvamanam kuraykkunnathinum punarupayoga oorjjam ettedukkaan prolsaahippikkunnathu sarkkar saamoohika, paaristhithika padhathikalumaayi bandhapetta chelavukal), pravartthana chelavukal (billing metering sevanangalum nalkunnathinu vitharanakkaarkk smart metering ulppedeyulla chelavukal), payment reethi uyarthal alavans (billing upabhokthaakkalkk vyathyastha payment reethikal upayogichu undaakunna adhika chelavukal), headroom alavans (vitharanakkaare avarude chelavukalil anishchithathvam kaikaaryam cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu), vitharanakkaarude nikshepangalude varumanam, vaatt (thaarifinte thalatthilekku 5 sathamaanam nikuthi chertthu).
2018 novemberil, offjem athinte koodiyaalochana poortthiyaakki, 2018 novemberil oru saadhaarana direct debitt duval indhana billinu prathivarsham 1,137 poundu enna paridhi nischayikkumennu theerumaanam prasidheekarichu. ithu 2019 januvari 1 muthal praabalyatthil vannu. athinte prarambha thalatthil, sthira thaarifilullavarude vaidyuthi vila kilovattinu 17 paisa vaathakam kilovattinu 4 paisa aayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. eratta indhana upayokthaakkal staanding chaarjinu prathivarsham 177 poundil koodaatheyum vaidyuthi maathram upayogikkunnavar 83 poundil koodaatheyum gyaas upayokthaakkal 94 poundil koodaatheyum nalkum.
2019 epril 1 muthal saadhaarana direct debitt duval indhana billukalkkulla paridhi 117 poundu uyarnnukondu 2019 februvariyilaanu vila paridhiyile aadya maattam prakhyaapichathu. 2020 octoberil sarkkar oorjja vila paridhi oru varshathekku, kuranjathu 2021 avasaanam vare neetti.
2020-kalil bulb oorjjam, avro oorjjam, harita vitharanakkaaran, bhramanapatha oorjjam ennivayulppede niravadhi upabhokthru vitharanakkaar liquidationilekku pooyi.
mothavilayile asthirathayude prathikaranamaayi oro aarumaasathinum pakaram oro moonnu maasathilum vila paridhi avalokanam cheiyumennu 2022 augustil ofjem prakhyaapichu. angane 2022 oktobarile avalokanathe thudarnnu 2023 januvariyil mattoru avalokanam nadakkum.
sharashari vila paridhi thaazhepparayunna reethiyil nischayichittundu
<aii. dii. 1>: kudumbangalkkulla sarkkar pinthuna.
2022 epril muthal sthira tarif paridhiyile sradheyamaaya vardhanavinu marupadiyaayi, februvari 3 nuu chansalar rishi sunak englandu, weils, scotland ennividangalile aabhyanthara vathaka, vaidyuthi upabhokthaakkale pinthunaykkunnathinulla nadapadikal prakhyaapichu. oorjja billukalkku 200 poundu kizhivu labikkum, ithu sharathkaalath nalkukayum pinneedulla varshangalil upabhokthakkal thirike nalkukayum cheyyum. koodaathe, epril muthal englandile kudumbangalkk eiii muthal dii vareyulla nikuthi baandukalil (80 sathamaanam veedukalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu) thirichadaykkaatha 150 poundu kaunsil nikuthi elavu nalki, mattu thaamasakkaarkk vivechanaadhikaaramulla fund nalkunnathinaayi praadeshika kaunsilukalkku 144 milyan poundu labhichu. kaimaria bharanakoodangalkku ekadesham 715 dasalaksham poundu labhichu, athinaal avarkk thaarathamyappeduthaavunna pinthuna nalkaan kazhinju, koodaathe ooshmala bhavanangalkulla kizhivu padhathiyude vipuleekaranavum undaayi.
octoberil vila vardhanavu pratheekshikkunnathinaal, meyy 26 nuu sunak mattoru paakkej prakhyaapichu. billukalude kizhivu erattiyaayi 400 poundaayi maattukayum vaaypaykku pakaram thirichadaykkaanaavaatha grantaayi maattukayum cheythu; mattu "jeevithachelavu" pinthunayil parisodhikkappetta aanukoolyangalkku kudumbangalkk 650 poundu, pensioncark 300 poundu, vaikalya aanukoolyangal labhikkuna vyakthikalkk 150 poundu enniva ulppedunnu. englandu, scotland, weils ennividangalile aabhyanthara vaidyuthi upabhokthaakkalkk 2022 october muthal 2023 march vare 66 poundu allengil 67 poundu enna aarr prathimasa kizhivukalayi (allengil smart allatha prepayment meterukalkkulla voucharukal) 400 poundu kizhivu nalkum.
2022 septambar 6 nuu pradhaanamanthriyaayi niyamithayaayathinethudarnnu, 2022 october 1 muthal 2024 septambar 30 vare praabalyatthil varunna oru puthiya "oorjja vila urappu" oorjja, vathaka vitharanakkaarkk subsidy nalkumennu 2022 septambar 8 nuu liss truss prakhyaapichu, saadhaarana gaarhika oorjja chelavu prathivarsham 2,500 poundaayi parimithappeduthunnathina. bisinasukalkkum pothumekhalaa samghadanakalkkum (2023 march 31 vare nadakkunna aarumaasa padhathi prakaram) vaidyuthikko maine gyaas allengil paarkk homukalilo heett netvarkkukalilo nerittu panam nalkaatha kudumbangalkkum thaarathamyappeduthaavunna pinthuna vaagdaanam cheyyum. bhaaviyile mothavila aashrayichirikkunnathil eee paakkejinte chelavu anishchithathvathilaayirunnu, ennaal saambathika padanangalkkaayi instittyoott prathivarsham 100 bilyan poundiladhikam kanakkaakkiyirunnu. october 17 nuu, varaanirikkunna chansalar jeremi hund soochippicha chelavu laabhikkal nadapadikalil saarvathrika sahayam aarumaasamaayi parimithappedutthukayum 2023 epril 1 nuu avasaanikkukayum athilappuram treasury nayikkunna avalokanathiloode nirnnayikkappedenda pinthunayum ulppedunnu. 2022 november 17 nuu, oru saadhaarana kudumbatthinte chelavu prathivarsham 3,000 poundaayi uyarthi 2023 epril muthal subsidy kuraykkumennu hund thante sharatkaala prasthavanayil prakhyaapichu, ennaal 2023 march bajattil chansalar eee theerumaanam maattukayum subsidy 2,500 poundinte thalatthil juun avasaanam vare nilanirthukayum cheythu.
oorjja vitharanavum decarbonisation nayavum.
2000kalude thudakkathil kalavastha vyathiyaanam ajanda uyarthunnu.
2005ll chansalar gorden braun kalavastha vyathiyaanathinte saambathikashaasthram parisodhikkaan nicolas sternine niyogichu. kalavastha vyathiyaanam "ithuvare kandittullathil vachu ettavum valuthum vishalavumaaya vipani paraajayamaan" ennu swaadheenamulla karsanamaaya report nigamanam cheythu.
170-ladhikam mattu rajyangalumaayi chernnu, kaarban dye ooksaid udvamanam kuraykkaan yuke prathijnjaabadhamaayirunnu, athinte oorjja nayathinu anantharafalamaayi parimithikalundaayirunnu. 2003 leeii kanakkanusarichu lokathile harithagriha vaathakangalude naalu sathamaanam yuke uthppaadippichu, athesamayam us 23 sathamaanavum yooroppinte backie bhaagangalil 20 sathamaanavum. 2050 aakumbozhekkum kaarban udvamanam 80 sathamaanam kuraykkukayennathaanu deerghakaala lakshyam. kaarban udvamana kredittukalkkaayulla oru vyapara padhathi europil vikasippicheduthittundu, athu saambathika edapaadukalil ninnu chila kurravukal varuthaan anuvadikkum.
1999 muthal vaahanangalude excise theeruva koottiyathode rooad gathagatham vazhi puranthallunna udvamanam kuraykkaan prerippikkappettu. puthiya vaahanangalkkulla baandukal oru laborattari parisodhanayude phalangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, anuyojyamaaya saahacharyangalil sanjaricha kilometerinu kaarban dye ooksaid graamukalil vaahanathinte saidhaanthika pottensial emission kanakkakkaan roopakalppana cheythittullathaanu.
kyotto protocol prakaram vyomayaana indhanam niyanthrikkappedunnil, athinaal kaarban udvamanam kuraykkunnathil yuke vijayikkukayaanenkil, 2030 oode yuke uthppaadippikkunna harithagriha vaathakangalude 25 sathamaanavum vyomayanamaayirikkum.
samudrajalathiloode kaarban pidichedukkunna prakrithivaathaka oorjja ulppaadanathinaayi yuke sarkkaarin oru padhathi aasoothrana ghattathilaanu. vadakkan kadalumaayi thaarathamyena vidooramaayi sanbarkkam pulartthunna skotlandile peterheadilaanu eee soukaryam vibhavanam cheiyunnathu.
kaalaavasthayil vyomagathaagathathinte vardhichuvarunna swaadheenathekkurichu professor kevin aandezhsan oru pepparil aashanka unnayichu.
oru avatharanavum
2008ll aandezhsan yukeyile maanchastar sarvakalaashaalayile mechanical, aerospace, sivil enchiniyaring schoolil oorjjathilum kalavastha vyathiyaanathilum oru cheyar vahikkunnu.
yuke yaathrakkaarude vimana yaathrayude vaarshika vardhanavu kuranjaalum mattu oorjja upayoga mekhalakalil sarkkar lakshyamidunna udvamanam kurachaalum 2030 oode vyomayaanam yukeyude anuvadaneeyamaaya kaarban dye ooksaid udvamanathinte 70 sathamaanathinu kaaranamaakumenn aandezhsan avakaashappedunnu.
energy vaitt paper, 2003.
20 varshathinide aadyamaayi yukeyil oru aupachaarika oorjja nayam sthaapich 2003ll yuke sarkkar oorjjathekkurichulla dhavalapatram ("nammude oorjja bhaavi-kuranja kaarban sambadvyavastha srishtikkal") prasidheekarichu. adisthaanaparamaayi, kaarban dye ooksaidinte (aagola kalavastha vyathiyaanathin kaaranamakunna pradhana vaathakam) oru paridhi anivaaryamaanennu dhavalapatram thiricharinju. 2050 oode kaarban dye ooksaid puranthallal 60 sathamaanam kuraykkunnathinu pravartthikkaan athu yuke prathijnjaabadharaakkukayum angane cheiyunnathil bisinesses avasarangal thirichariyukayum cheythu rekhayiludaneelam aavarthichulla vishayam "vrithiyullathum smartumaaya oorjjam" aayirunnu. paristhithi, oorjja vishwaasyatha, daridrarkkum malsaraadhishtitha vipanikalkkum thaangavunna vilayilulla oorjjam ennee naalu sthambhangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanum ithu avakaashappedunnu.
vishadamaaya nayaparamaaya prathikaranangal nalkunnathinekkaal prasnangal vishakalanam cheiyunnathilaanu dhavalapatram kooduthal shradha kendreekarichathu. oorjja karyakshamatha nadappaakkal padhathi (epril 2004), dii. tii. aii micro janareshan straattaji "our energy chalanchu" (march 2006) ennivayulppede thudarnnulla rekhakalude oru parambarayil chila vishadaamshangal filter cheyyaan thudangi. ennirunnaalum, mikka nayangalum pathivupole bisinasinte thudarchayaayirunnu, vipani nayikkunna parihaarangalkk oonnal nalkukayum upabhokthakkal yukthisahamaayi pravartthikkumenna pratheekshayum, udaaharanathinu pravarthanachelavu laabhikkunnathinaayi oorjja karyakshamatha nadapadikal sthaapikkunnathil.
dii. tii. aiyude neethrthwathil sarkkar oru poornna thothilulla oorjja avalokanam nadathumennu 2005 novemberil prakhyapikkukayum eee avalokanathinte bhaagamaayi 500-ladhikam samghadanakalum vyakthikalum vishadamaaya samarpikkalukal nadathukayum cheythu. audyogikamaayi, kaarban kuraykkunnathil prathyeka shradha kendreekarichulla dhavalapathrathinte innuvareyulla phalangal vilayiruthukayum (athinte udvamanam dhaarshtyathode uyarnnathayi thudarnnu) vitharanathinte surakshayekkurich kooduthal vishadamaayi parisodhikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu avalokanam, kaaranam vadakkan kadalil ninnulla yukeyude enna, vathaka uthppaadanam uyarnna nilayilayathinaal russia uyarnna apakadasaadyathayulla vathaka vitharanakkaraayi kaanapettu.
anaudyogikamaayi, 2003leeii dhavalapathrathil paarshwalkkarikkappettathu aanavorjjathe oorjja charchayilekku thirike anuvadikkuka ennathaayirunnu avalokanathinu pinnile yadhaartha kaaranam ennu parakke anubhavapettu. eee dhavalapathrathil puthiya aanavorja nilayangal nirmmikkunnathinulla prathyeka nirddeshangal adangiyittilla" ennu aaa rekhayil paranjittundu. ennirunnaalum, nammude kaarban lakshyangal kaivarikkanamenkil bhaaviyile eathenkilum ghattathil puthiya aanava nirmmaanam aavashyamaayi vannekkaamenna saadhyatha njangal thallikkalayunnilla. puthiya aanavorja nilayangalude nirmmaanavumaayi munnott pookaanulla eathenkilum theerumaanathinu munbu, njangalude nirddeshangal vyakthamaakkunna kooduthal dhavalapatram prasidheekarikkukayum poornnamaaya pothu koodiyaalochana nadathukayum venam."athinaal oorjja avalokanam eee pothu koodiyaalochanayaayirikkanam.
oorjja avalokanam, 2006.
athivegam maarikkondirikkunna loka oorjja pashchaathalam, enna, vathaka irakkumathiye vardhichuvarunna aashrithathvam, kaarban udvamanathekkurichulla aashankakal, vaidyuthi adisthaana soukaryangalilum power steshanukalilum nikshepam thwarithappeduthendathindu aavasyakatha ennivayude velichathil yuke sarkkar 2006 leeii oorjja avalokanam nadatthi. 2006leeii avalokanathinte oru vasham aanavorjjathinte vikasanathekkurichaan. aanavorjam vikasippikkunnathinulla nirddeshangalekkurichulla sarkkaarinte koodiyaalochana prakriya greenpease velluvilichu, greenpease abhyarthicha judicial avalokanathethudarnnu 2007 februvari 15 nuu koodiyaalochana prakriya 'gurutharamaaya pizhav' ullathaanennum 'aparyapthamallennum thettidharippikkunnathum' vidhichu. thalphalamaayi, oru puthiya thalamura aanavorja nilayangal nirmmikkanulla padhathikal vaikippoyappol yuke sarkkar kodathiyude theerumaanathinu anusrithamaayi koodiyaalochana prakriya punaraarambhichu. "vishadaamshangalkku yunaittad kingdatthile aanavorjam kaanuka".
ulladakkam.
2006leeii oorjja avalokana report vimarshakar (munkootty) pratheekshichathilum vishalavum santhulithavumaaya rekhayaayi puratthuvannu. oorjja nayathinaayulla gavanmentinte naalu deerghakaala lakshyangal aavarthichukondaanu ithu aarambhichatha
thudarnnu rund pradhana deerghakaala oorjja velluvilikal thiricharinju
loka sambadvyavasthakal kaarban theevratha ganyamaayi kuraykkunnathinulla paathayilekku neenganamennum aagola aavasyam vardhichukondirikkunnum, prathyekichu india, chaina thudangiya rajyangalil ninnu, avalokanam oru anthaaraashtra prathikaranam sweekarichu. ithinartham uthppannangalilum sevanangalilum kuranja oorjjam upayogikkukayum oorjjam uthppaadippikkunna reethi maattukayum cheiyunnu, angane athil kooduthal kaarban srothassukalil ninnu varunnu. lokamembaadum oorjjathinte nyayamaaya vitharanathinte aavasyakatha thirichariyukayum niravadhi vibhavangal, prathyekichu phoosil indhanangal, eathaanum rajyangalil maathram kendreekarichirikkunnu thirichariyukayum cheythu.
athu athinte pradhana aashankakalum nirddeshangalum moonnu grouppukalaayi vibhajichu
oorjjam labhikkuka
kaarban bahirgamanam kuraykkunnathinulla arambha pooyint oorjjam labhikkuka ennathaanu. enna, vaathakam, oorjjam ennivayude alavu kuraykkunna vidhathil veedukalilum bisinassukalilum namukk aavashyamaaya choodu, prakasham, oorjjam enniva surakshithamaakkuka ennathaanu velluvili.
upayogicha vaidyuthiyum puranthallappetta kaarban dye ooksaidum. nirddeshikkappetta nadapadikalil iva ulppedunnu
shudhamaaya oorjjam
kuranja oorjjam upayogikkunnathinulla chelavu kuranja marggangal kaarban kuraykkunnathinulla lakshyathilekku neengaan sahayikkum. ennaal avar svayam abhimukeekarikkunna velluvilikalkk pariharam nalkilla upayogikkunna oorjjam kooduthal shudhamaakkendathundu. eee thalakkettin keezhil, sarkkar pariganichatha
oorjja suraksha velluvili
kaarban bahirgamanam kuraykkunnathilum vitharanathinte suraksha urappaakkunnathilum ulla velluvilikal adutha bandhamullavayaan. labhyamaya indhana vitharanangal, avaye demand kendrangalilekku kondupokunnathinulla adisthaana soukaryangal, vitharanathinte ettavum kaaryakshamamaya reethiyil aavasyam niravettunnathinaayi phalapradamaaya vipanikal enniva labhyamaakanamenn vitharanathinte suraksha aavashyappedunnu. kaarban udvamanam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi ithinakam vivarichirikkunna niravadhi nadapadikal oorjja suraksha velluvili neridaan aavashyamaaya oorjja srothassukalude aarogyakaramaya vaividhyathinum sambhavana cheiyunnu.
yukeyude vitharana velluvilikalil rund pradhana surakshayunda
vipanikal thurakkunnathu thudarukayum vitharanakkarumaayi sakthamaaya bandham valarthiyedukkunnathinum udaaravalkkarikkappetta vipanikal vikasippikkunnathinum anthaaraashtra thalatthil pravartthikkuka ennathaanu sarkkaarinte prathikaranam.
appol eee charchaykkullil aanavorjam evideyaanu yojikkunnathu? dhavalapatravumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol avalokanathil ithu valareyadhikam paraamarshichittundengilum (krithyamaayi paranjaal 55 neey apekshichu 441 madangu), puthiya steshanukal nirmmikkaan sarkkar nirddeshikkunnilla. pakaram, ithu vipaniyilekku vidum, ennirunnaalum ithu chila aasoothrana parimithikal laghookarikkukayum (punarupayoga oorjjathinaayi ithu lakshyamidunnu) oru design amgeekaara nadapadikramam nalkunnathinekkurichu parisodhikkukayum cheyyum. oorjja avalokana prathikaranatthinte mattu pala vashangaleyum pole, kooduthal koodiyaalochanakalkkum anuyojyamaaya sthalangal thirichariyuka, nirthalaakkalinteyum deerghakaala maalinya samskaranathinteyum chelavukal kaikaaryam cheyyuka thudangiya vishayangalil kooduthal avalokanangalum padanangalum sthaapikkunnathinum padhathikal ullathinaal eee vishayathekkurichulla avasana vaakk rekhayaayirikkilla.
energy vaitt paper, 2007.
2007 meyy 23nuu prasidheekaricha 2007 oorjja dhavalapatram "oorjja velluvili neriduka". 2007 dhavalapatram rund pradhana velluvilikalodu prathikarikkunnathinulla sarkkaarinte anthaaraashtra, aabhyanthara thanthrathe roopappeduthunnu
naalu oorjja naya lakshyangalumayi poruthappedunna vidhathil ithu cheyyaan sramikkunnu
vardhicha demand nilavilulla vaidyuthi nilayangal adachupoottumennu pratheekshikkunnathum moolamundaakunna oorjja vidavu nikathaan 20 varshathinullil puthiya vaidyuthi ulppaadana sheshi <aii. dii. 1> jii. dablyu. sthaapikkendathu aavasyamaanennu pathram pravachikkunnu. nilavilulla nayangalude adisthaanathil, 2006leeii oorjja avalokanathil paraamarshicha 20 sathamaanam lakshyathekkaal 2020 aakumbozhekkum punarupayoga oorjjam yukeyude upabhogathinte 5 shathamaanatholam sambhavana cheyyaan saadhyathayundennum athil parayunnu.
nirddishta oorjja thanthram.
churukkatthil, sarkkaarinte nirddishta thanthrathil aarr gadakangal ulppedunnu
sarkkaarinte lakshyangal kaivarikkunnathinu, dhavalapatram inipparayunnava ulppede niravadhi praayogika nadapadikal nirddeshikkunnu
oorjja samrakshanam.
bisinessa
veedukal
gathagatham
scotish sarkkaarinte prathikaranam.
skotlandil nirmmikkunna puthiya aanavorja nilayangalkk ethiraanennum avaa nirmmikkunnath thadayaan adikaaramundennum vyakthamaakkikkond scotish sarkkar yuke sarkkar pepparinodu prathikarichu. scotish paarlamentil oru prasthavanayil oorjja mantri jiim maathar paranju, "kodathikalude pinthunayulla greenpease, aanavorjjathinte bhaavi pankinekkurichu shariyaayi koodiyaalochikkaan yuke sarkkaarine nirbandhitharaakkiyennu amgangalkku manassilakum. njangal prathikarikkukayum skotlandil puthiya aanavorjam aavasyamillennum aavasyamillennum vyakthamaakkukayum cheyyum. oru puthiya aanavorja nilayathinaayi oru apeksha samarppikkendathundengil athu scotish mantrimar theerumaanikkum. athu nokkaan naam baadhyastharaanu-ennaal nammude nayaparamaaya nilapad, ulppaadana sheshi, oorjja srothassukalude vardhanavu, sakthamaaya badal thanthrangal enniva kanakkiledukkumbol atharamoru prayogatthinu eee bharanasamvidhaanathinte preethi labhikkaan saadhyathayilla."
kalavastha vyathiyana niyamam, 2008.
2007 march 13nuu paristhithi grouppukalude neethrthwathil niravadhi varshangalayi party sammarddathe thudarnnu kalavastha vyathiyana billinte karadu prasidheekarichu. 2020 oode 26 muthal 32 sathamaanam vare idatharam lakshyathode 2050 oode (1990 leeii nilavaravumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol) yukeyude kaarban udvamanam nirbandhithamaayi 80 sathamaanam kuraykkunnathinulla oru chattakkood eee niyamam sthaapikkunnu. 2008 novemberil bill niyamamaayi pasaki. athu paasaakkiyathode yunaittad kingdom ithrayum deerghadooravum ganyavumaaya kaarban kuraykkal lakshyam niyamamakki mattunna allengil niyamaparamaayi bandhippikkunna atharamoru chattakkood srishtikkunna lokathile aadyathe rajyamaayi maari.
niyamatthinte randaam bhagam adikaarangal nikshepicha kalavastha vyathiyana samiti 2008 desemberil loard adayar turner adhyakshanaayi aupachaarikamaayi aarambhichu.
kalavastha vyathiyana samithiyude shupaarshakalkk anusrithamaayi 2020 oode 34 sathamaanam udvamanam kuraykkanamennu 2009 eprilil sarkkar theerumaanikkukayum ithu engane kaivarikkumennathinte vishadaamshangal venalkkaalath prasidheekarikkumennu prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
2009 leeii yuu. keey. loow kaarban transition plan.
2009 juulai 15nuu prasidheekaricha yuu. keey. loow kaarban transition plan 1990 leeii nilavaaratthe adisthaanamaakki (athil 21 sathamaanam prasidheekarana samayat nediyathaanu) 2020 oode kaarban udvamanam 34 sathamaanam kuraykkunnathinu sweekarikkenda nadapadikalekkurichu vishadeekarikkunnu. thalphalamaayi, 2020 aakumbozhekkum thaazhepparayunna karyangal vibhavanam cheyyappedunnu
oorjja bill, 2012-2013.
phoosil indhanangale aashrayikkunnath kuraykkunnathinum oorjja aavasyam kuraykkunnathinu saambathika prothsaahanangal nalkunnathinumaayi adutha rund pathittaandukalkkullil niravadhi kalkari power steshanukal adachupoottaan oorjja bill lakshyamidunnu. aanavorja niyanthranathinaayi oru puthiya oafees sthaapikkunnathiloode puthiya thalamura aanavorja nilayangalude nirmmaanam sugamamakkum. 2020 oode punarupayogikkaavunna srothassukalil ninnu 30 sathamaanam vaidyuthi ulppaadippikkuka, 2025 oode 1990 leeii nilavaaratthil 50 sathamaanavum 2050 oode 1990 leeii nilavaaratthil 80 sathamaanavum harithagriha vathaka udvamanam kuraykkuka ennivayaanu kalavastha vyathiyana sarkkar lakshyangal.
2016leeii select kammitti report.
oorjja, kalavastha nayangalkk varaanirikkunna velluvilikalekkurichu oorjja, kalavastha vyathiyana select kammitti 2016 october 15 nuu report cheythu. udaaharanathinu, oorjja sambharanathilum karyakshamatha saankethikavidyakalilum nikshepam nadatthaan kammitti shupaarsha cheythu, udaaharanathinu, upakaranangal oofaakkukayum oonaakkukayum sammarddasamayangalil kuranja vaidyuthiyil pravarthippikkukayum cheyyuka.
salix finance limittad..
salix finance limittad. oorjja karyakshamatha mechappeduthunnathinum kaarban udvamanam kuraykkunnathinum oorjja billukal kuraykkunnathinum pothumekhalaykku sarkkar dhanasahayam nalkunnu. sarkkaarinte poornnamaayum udamasthathayilullathum bisinus, energy, industrial straattaji vakupp, vidyaabhyaasa vakupp, velsh sarkkar, scotish sarkkar ennivayude dhanasahaayathodeyullathumaaya oru vakuppithara pothu sthaapanamaanu salix.
oorjja vaitt paper 2020.
kalavastha vyathiyaanathinte purogathi thadayunnathinulla sramangalil 2050 oode yukeyil nettu seero kaivarikukayenna lakshyamaanu 2020leeii oorjja dhavalapatram lakshyamidunnathu.
thaazhepparayunna maargangaliloode ithu cheyyaan yuke sarkkar lakshyamidunnu
nadappaakkal nayam sarkkar melnottam.
pathonpathaam noottaandilaanu kalkari, vaathakam, vaidyuthi vyavasaayangalude sarkkar melnottam sthaapithamaayathu. athinusesham, samsthaanathinte prathyeka vakuppukalkkum niyanthrana sthaapanangalkkum naya nadappaakkal, niyanthranam, niyanthranam ennivayude utharavaaditham undaayirunnu.
charithram.
pathonpathaam noottaandil kalkari, vaathakam, vaidyuthi ennivayude roopathil oorjja vitharanam pradhaanamaayum swakaarya kambanikalum munisippal vathaka, vaidyuthi samrambhangalumaayirunnu. eee saadhanangalude pothu niyanthranam pothuve praadeshika adhikaarikalude kaikalilaayirunnu. vilayum labhavihithavum parimithappeduthunnathilum malsaram prothsaahippikkunnathilum atharam niyanthranam prayogichu. 1842leeii mines aandu collary act, kambaniyude labhavihitam patthu shathamaanamaayi parimithappedutthiya gyaas works closs act 1847 thudangiya niyamanirmmaanangaliloodeya samsthaana edapedal. 1882 leeii electric lighting act aadyakaalam muthal vaidyuthi vitharana vyavasaayathil niyanthranam sthaapichu. vaidyuthi uthppaadippikkunnathinum vitharanam cheiyunnathinumaayi vyapara boardil ninnu licenso ordero nedendathu samrambhangalkk aavashyamaayirunnu. athinaal board oof trade, hoome oafees enniva oorjja vyavasaayangalude aadyakaala melnottavum niyanthranavum nalki.
puthiya sarkkar sthaapanangal.
1919num 1941num idayil puthuthayi roopeekaricha gathagatha mantraalayam vaidyuthi vyavasaayathinte niyanthranam etteduthu. yudhakaala saahacharyangalil oorjja vitharanam ekopippikkunnathinaayi 1942 ll indhana, oorjja mantraalayam sthaapikkappettu. thudarchayaayi niravadhi manthraalayangaliloodeyum vakuppukaliloodeyum yuke sarkkar nayam nadappaakki. iva thaazhepparayunna pattikayil samgrahichirikkunnu.
mattu niyamaparamaaya sthaapanangal.
melpparanja manthraalayangalkkum vakuppukalkkum purame oorjja nayathinteyum pravartthanatthinteyum prathyeka vashangal niyanthrikkunnathinum melnottam vahikkunnathinum niravadhi niyanthrana sthaapanangal sthaapichittundu. ivayil ulppedunnu
phoosil energy pothu pinthuna.
2014 maarchil david cameron vadakkan kadal enna, vathaka vyavasaayathin subsidy prakhyaapichu, athinte falamaayi 3 muthal 4 bilyan barrell enna uthppaadippikkappettu.
punarupayoga oorjja lakshyangal.
punarupayoga oorjjathinaayulla aadya lakshyangal, 2003 avasaanathode 5 sathamaanavum 2010 aakumbozhekkum 10 sathamaanavum 'upabhokthaakkalkk sveekaaryamaaya chelavu vidheyamaayi' 2000 ll helen lidel nischayichu.
2020 oode yukeyil 20 sathamaanam vaidyuthi ulppaadippikkuka ennathaanu yuke sarkkaarinte lakshyam. 2002 leeii oorjja avalokanam 10 sathamaanam lakshyamidunnathu 2015 oode 15 shathamaanamaayi uyarthukayum aduthide 2006 leeii oorjja avalokanam 2020 oode 20 sathamaanam lakshyamidukayum cheythu.
thudarnnu, 2009leeii kuranja kaarban parivartthana padhathi 2020 aakumbozhekkum yuke athinte vaidyuthiyude 30 sathamaanavum thaapatthinte 12 sathamaanavum indhanathinte 10 sathamaanavum punarupayogikkaavunna srothassukalil ninnu uthppaadippikkendathunne vyakthamakki.
skotlandine sambandhichidatholam, 2020 oode punarupayoga oorjjathil ninnu <aii. dii. 1> vaidyuthi uthppaadippikkukayaanu scotish sarkkaarinte lakshyam. skotlandil sthithicheyyunna punarupayoga oorjjam scotish lakshyathilekkum yukeyude mothatthilulla lakshyathilekkum kanakkakkunnu.
charitraparamaayi punarupayoga oorjja srothassukal yukeyil oru pradhana punk vahichittillenkilum, "energy vaitt paper" ulppedeyulla aupachaarika yuke nayangal amgeekarichathupole veliyetta oorjjathinteyum kaattinte oorjjathinteyum (kadaltheerathum theerathum) ganyamaaya upayogathinu saadhyathayund. pii. pii. ezz 22 roopathilulla kaunsilukalilekkulla nirddeshangal. punarupayoga oorjja badhyatha yukeyile punarupayogikkaavunna vaidyuthi srothassukale pinthunaykkunnathinulla kendra samvidaanamaayi pravartthikkunnu, koodaathe 2010 oode prathivarsham oru bilyan poundu sterling vare subsidikal nalkanam. mattu niravadhi graantukalum cheria pinthunaa samvidaanangalum kuranja punarupayoga oorjjathe pinthunaykkaan lakshyamidunnu. koodaathe, matellaa oorjja srothassukaleyum badhikkunna kalavastha vyathiyana nikuthiyil ninnu punarupayoga oorjjathe ozhivaakkiyittund.
2004ll 250 megawatt 2005ll 500 megawatt punarupayogikkaavunna uthppaadanam kootticherkkappettu. micro janareshanaayi (50 kilovattil thaazhe (kilowatt electrical) allengil kuranja kaarban srothassil ninnu 45 kilowatt (kilowatt thermal)) oru solar volteik prograam sthaapichittundu. thaarathamyappeduthumbol germmaniyilum jappanilum photovoltaic (solar sell) prograamukal yukeyile instaal cheytha aditharayekkaal valare valuthaanu. bhoopradesavum nadikalude shakthiyude abhavavum kaaranam yukeyude bhooribhaagam bhaagathinum jalavaidyutha oorjjam oru praayogika oopshanalla.
jaiva indhanangal.
motham gathagatha indhanathinte anchu sathamaanam punarupayogikkaavunna srothassukalil ninnullathaayirikkanamenna sarkkar lakshyamittittund (udha.jii. 2010 aakumbozhekkum punarulppaadippikkaavunna gathagatha indhana baadhyathakalkk keezhil ethanol, jaiva indhanam). aavashyamaaya adisthaana soukaryangalum uchithamaaya yuke vilakalekkurichulla gaveshanathinte kuravum illaathe eee lakshyam abhilaashakaramaayirikkaam, pakshe fraansil ninnulla irakkumathi oru yaadhaarthyabodhamulla oopshanaayirikkaam.
2005ll britiish panchasaara brittanil valarthunna panchasaara beatoot pheed stokkaayi upayogichu aadyathe ethanol jaiva indhana ulppaadana kendram nirmmikkumenn prakhyaapichu. 2007-nte aadya paadatthil poortthiyaakumbol norphokkile plaant prathivarsham 55,000 metrik tonn ethanol uthppaadippikkum. yukeyile ellah settu-side bhoomiyum jaiva indhana vilakal valarthaan upayogichaal polum yukeyude nilavile gathagatha indhana upayogathinte ezhu sathamaanathil thaazhe maathrame labhikkoo ennu vaadikkappedunnu.
daaridryathinu aakkam koottunnu.
indhana daaridryam kuraykkuka (varumaanathinte patthu sathamaanathiladhikam choodaakkal chelavukalkkayi nalkunna kudumbangal ennu nirvachikkappedunnu) yuke oorjja nayatthinte naalu adisthaana lakshyangalil onnaanu. muun dashakathil eee lakshyathil ganyamaaya purogathi kaivarichittundu, ennaal praadhamikamaayi veedinte roopakalppanayile adisthaana maattathiloodeyo mechappetta oorjja vilanirnayathiloodeyo allathe thaazhnna varumaanamulla kudumbangalkkulla sarkkar subsidikal moolamaanu. thaazhepparayunna deseeya paripaadikal atharam purogathiyil prathyekamaayi nirnaayakamaan sheetakaala indhana adavu, child taxes credit, pension credit. englandile warm frond skeem, skotlandile central heating prograam, veyilsile hoome energy efficiency skeem ennivayil ninnu chila nettangal undaayittund. eee pilkkala paripaadikal insulation muthalaayavayile shaareerika mechappeduthalinu saambathika prothsaahanangal nalkunnu.
pothujanabhipraayam.
punarupayoga oorjjathe yuke pradhaanamaayum pinthunaykkunnu, ithu pradhaanamaayum kalavastha vyathiyanathekkurichum phoosil indhanangale aashrayikkunnathinekkurum ulla aashankakalaanu.
2013 joolaiyil, yuke energy research sentar yukeyile oorjjathodulla pothujanangalude manobhaavathekkurichu oru deseeya sarway prasidheekarichu.
2007 juunil prasidheekaricha onnaam vaarshika loka paristhithi avalokanathil ninnulla samanamaaya oru padanavumaayi ithine thaarathamyam cheyyaam, athu velippeduthi
ennayum vaathakavum.
1999ll enna, vathaka uthppaadanam ettavum uyarnna nilayilethiyenkilum 2023ll kooduthal enna, vathaka paryaveshanathinu licenses labhichu.
vishakalanavum vimarsanavum.
2016leeii oru prabandham vaadikkunnathu nilavile yuke oorjja nayam swatantra vipani nayangaludeyum sarkkar edapedalukaludeyum parasparavirudhamaaya mishrithamaanennum vaidyuthiykku anaavashya oonnal nalkunnundennum aanu. saambathika falaprapti, paristhithi samrakshanam, oorjja suraksha ennee moonnu lakshyangal lakshyamidanamenkil sarkkar vyakthamaaya oru thanthram vikasippikkendathunde athu nigamanam cheiyunnu.
2022 leeii nettu seero avalokanathil sarkkar veendum vimarsikkappettu, pradhana prashnam sthiramaaya nayaparamaaya prathibaddhathakalude abhavavum vividha padhathikalodu staartt-stopp sameepanavumaan. 

