
mydob agniparvvatha mekhala

sudanile darfoorile oru holocene agniparvvatha mekhalayaanu maidob agniparvvatha mekhala. aafrikkayile niravadhi agniparvvathameghalakalil onnaaya ithu, maanttil ploomukalude pravartthanavum krasttal gadanakalumaayulla avayude prathipravartthanavum vazhi vishadeekarikkappedunnu. sahaarayude thekkan attathaanu mydob sthithi cheiyunnathu.
ekadesham 700 dwaarangalil ninnu, pradhaanamaayum scoria konukalil ninnu puranthallappedunna, overlapping laava ozhukkukaliloodeyaanu agniparvvatha mandalam roopappedunnathu. laava thazhikakkudangal, veezhcha, pyroclastic phloo nikshepangal ennivayum saadhaaranamaanu. ippol oru cheria thadaakam adangiyirikkunna malha garthamaanu dwaarangalil onnu. agniparvvatha mekhala basanait muthal trackite vareyulla parakal pottitherichu, darfer thaazhikakkudam ennariyappedunna tectonic uyarchayil ninnu uyarnnuvarunnu.
mydobile agniparvvatha pravartthanangal 68 laksham varshangalkk munbu aarambikkukayum holocene vare thudarukayum cheythu, ettavum puthiya pottitherikal 4,900 ±520 varshangalkk munbaayirunnu. mydobil jeothermal prakadanangalonnumillenga pradeshavaasikalude aithihyangal soochippikkunnathu avar eee vayalil agniparvvatha spodanangalkku saakshyam vahichuvennaanu.
peru.
paida" ennaal "adima" ennartham varunna oru nubian bhashayil ninnaan "maidob" enna padam uruthirinjathu. yadhaarthathil midob aalukalaaya "mydob aalukalil" polulla "midob" enna vaakkinte thettaaya aksharavinyasam koodiyaanithu. mydob kunnukal pradeshathaanu midab janatha thaamasikkunnath.
bhoomishaasthravum geomorphology.
vadakkan sudanile bhagamaaya vadakkan darfarilaanu mydob agniparvvatha mekhala sthithi cheiyunnathu. birr haara, ainn basoro, malha ennee pattanangal agniparvvatha mekhalaykku sameepamaan, athesamayam ell fasher athil ninnu thekk-thekk padinjaaru bhagathaanu. vadakkukizhakkan aafrikkayile alle-harooj, cameroon line, hogger, jabal maara, tibasti thudangiya niravadhi agniparvvathameghalakalil onnaanu mydob agniparvvathameghalakal, avayil chilath vadakkukizhakkan-pravanathayulla agniparvvatha pravishyayude bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
kizhakk-padinjaaru dishayil oru pradesham ulkkollunna oru agniparvvatha mekhalayaanu maidob. eee vayalil konukalum laava pravaahangalum adangiyirikkunnu, avaa vayalinte madhyathil oru peedabhoomiyude roopathil kattiyulla koombaaramaayi maarunnu. madhyabhagam agniparvvathameghalayude peripheral bhagangalekkaal uyarnna uyarathilaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, athinte paramavadhi uyaram. konukalkkum laava ozhukalukalkkum purame veezhchayum pyroclastic ozhukkinte nikshepavum ithil ulppedunnu. chila sthalangalil ignimbraittukal sambhavikkunnu.
laavayude ozhukk niravadhi meterukal muthal pathinaayirakkanakkin meterukal vare kattiyullathum athinekkaal kooduthal neelamullathumaanu. kshayam kuranja laava pravaahangalkk aaa laavayudeyum pahoho laavayudeyum uparithala savisheshathakalundu. mattu laava pravaahangal "messa" ozhukkukal ennu vilikkappedunna jabal arfinoor, jabal sairir enniva ulkkollunnu, avaa oval allengil vrithaakrithiyilulla aakruthikalum kuthaneyulla vashangalum ullavayaan.
laava thazhikakkudangal, maars, messa, tuff ringukal, saadhaaranayaayi scoria konukal thudangi 700 oolam dwaarangal eee feeldil undu. scoria konukal saadhaaranayaayi avayude adithattil ekadesham uyaravum veethiyumullavayaanu. pala laava pravaahangalum oru scoria konil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath.
malha garthamulppede ekadesham muppatholam marse garthangalum eee vayalil kaanapedunnu. ekadesham aazhathilullathum veethiyullathumaaya oru garthamaanu malha. agniparvvatha shethrathinu thaazheyulla basement paarayilekku ithu khananam cheythittundu, koodaathe uyarathil thaazheyulla oru rimmukond chuttappettirikkunnu. 
malhayude madhyathil oru uppuvella thadaakavum oru jalasambharani niraykkunna niravadhi neeruravakalum undu, malha garthatthinte vadakkukizhakkan bhaagath jabal soidor laava feeldinte laava ozhukk gartha nyoonathaye aakramichu. malhaik purame aazhameriyathum veethiyullathumaaya mattu garthangalum vayalil undu.
jalashasthram.
mydob agniparvvatha kshethrathinte thekkupadinjaarum vadakkum bhagam vaadi haarayilekkum pinneedu vellam vahikkumbol vadakkukizhakkottu ozhukunna vaadi magroorilekkum ozhukunnu. innathe kaalath vadakkukizhakkan dishayilekku mydob ozhukunna waddy umm afaaritt polulla mikka vaadikal ulnaadan delttakalil avasaanikkunnu, munkaala eerppa kaalayalavil avaa waddy magrooril ethi. athaakatte, vaadi magroor vaadi havaraayi ozhukukayum ithu thanneerthadangalude vikasanathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.
bhoomishaasthram.
vadakkan aafrikkayile agniparvvathathinu kaaranamaayava maantil ploomukalum refting prakriyakalum aanu; jabal maara, mydob, tagabo kunnukal thudangiya darfer thaazhikakkuda agniparvvathangalude kaaryatthil ettavum saadhyathayulla vishadeekaranam oru maantil ploom aanu. eee ploom moolamundaakunna agniparvvathathinte sthaanam aafrikkan plettinte mandagathiyilulla chalanathekkaal tectonic stress feeld kooduthal niyanthrikkum, enthukondaanu agniparvvathathvam jabal maaraykkum mydobin idayil aarambikkunnathennum thudarnnu thaazhikakkudatthinte athirvashathulla eee rund feeldukalilum thudarunnathennum vishadeekarikkunnu.
pakaramaayi, bhookhandaanthara triple junction enna nilayil oru uthbhavavum nirddeshikkappettindum athine pinthunaykkunna thelivukalude abhavam kaaranam ithu chodyam cheyyappettittund. mattu nirddeshangalil laakolithukalude saannidhyam ulppedunnu. vadakkukizhakkan aafrikkayile mattidangalilum agniparvvathangalkk kaaranam chenkadal villalum afar hotspot aanu.
praadeshika.
durfer thaazhikakkudam ennariyappedunna uyarnna aditharayil jabal maarayum maidob sthithicheyyunnu, athil precambrian kaalaghattatthile vividha agniparvvathangalum roopaantharappetta paarakalum neoproterosoic greenshistukalum nubian manalkkallukal ulppedeyulla paleosoic-mesosoic manalkkallukalum adangiyirikkunnu. mydobile eee parakal sameepakaala agniparvvatha paarakalkk keezhil maranjirikkunnu, ennaal violile pottitherikal basement paarakalude valia blokkukal uparithalathilekku kondupoyi, koodaathe malha gartham polulla garthangalil avashishtangal thurannukaattappedunnu.
holocene pottitherikalulla mydob agniparvvatha mekhalayum jebel maarayum yathaakramam oligozene-plaistoseen, mayoseen kaalaghattatthilulla jebel kusa, tagabo kunnukalekkaal cheruppamaanu. mannolipp avayude agniparvvatha savisheshathakal thurannukaatti. eee mekhalayile ettavum pazhaya agniparvvatha pravartthanam 36 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu jabal kusayilaanu nadannathu.
tectonic linementukal violile dwaarangaludeyum varanda thaazhvarakaludeyum sthaanam niyanthrikkunnu. praadhaanyam kurayunna kramatthil vadakkukizhakkan-thekk padinjaaru, kizhakk-padinjaaru, vadakkupadinjaaru-thekkukizhakkan pravanathakal undu. eee linementukal vyathyastha samayangalil sajeevamaan, ithu praadeshika tectonic stress feeldile maattangale soochippikkunnu.
rachana.
mydob agniparvvatha mekhala bassault, basanait, hawait, benmorite, mugiyarait, phonolyte, trackite enniva pottitherichu agniparvvatha paarakalude kshaareeya suit roopappeduthi. pottitheri uthppannangalil vividha tharam senolithukal kaanapedunnu, athesamayam phenochristukalil ejirin, amphibole, anorthoclase, oogaitt, biotite, alvospinal-magnettaitt, nephelin olivain, oogattik-diopsidic pyroxine, sanidine enniva ulppedunnu.
oru sahasraabdathil pottithericha paarakalude aake alavu ekadesham ekadesham aanu. pottithericha vasthukkalude bhooribhaagavum bassault, basanait laava pravaahangalaanu. phonolitic, traachittik gadanayude pyroclastics laava ozhukkukalum "messa" ozhukkinte roopamaakukayum vayalinte madhyabhaagathu kendreekarikkappedukayum cheiyunnu. ettavum puthiya paarakalil kooduthal vyathyasthamaaya parakal kaanapedunnu.
oru lithosphere ghadakam ulppettekkaavunna mantle urukalinte ulppannamaanu basanait. aazhathilulla magma arakalile bhinnatha prakriyakalum krasttal vasthukkalude swaamsheekaranavum basaanitik mungamiyil ninnu verthiricha maagmakalude uthbhavam vishadeekarikkaan upayogichittundu, koodaathe adhika prakriyakal basaltic, havaayitik maagmakal srishtikkunnu.
kaalaavasthayum sasyajaalangalum.
malhayile sharashari vaarshika thaapanila ithinidayilaanu. sahaarayude thekkan attathu sahelinu sameepamaan mydob agniparvvatha mekhala sthithicheyyunnathu, venalkkaala maasangalil malhayil mazha kooduthalaayum labhikkunnu. 6, 000 muthal 12,000 varshangalkk munbu holocene kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil, mazha ganyamaayi kooduthalaayirunnu, koodaathe mydob pradeshathe aurographic mazha avayude chuttupaadukalilekku vellam nalkiyirikkaam.
pullu, scrubbukal enniva adangiya mydob agniparvvatha mekhalayile sasyajaalangal ulla laava feeldukal kooduthalum vandhyamaan. kaadukal vaadippaathayilum chilappol garthangalkkidayilum valarunnu.
pottitheriyude charithram.
mydob agniparvvatha mekhalayile ettavum pazhaya agniparvvatha parakal pottasyam-argon dating prakaram theeyathi nischayichittundu, ithu 6.8 ± 0.2,6.5 ± 0.2 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbaanu. jabal sairif ventu 1.3 ± 0.40 muthal 0.6 ± 0.2 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu undaayittund. agniparvvathangal aadyam laava udvamanathinte roopameduthu. pinneedu, pleosene muthal holocene vareyulla kaalaghattatthil, pyroclasticukalum laavakalum aadhipathyam pulartthi.
holocene kaalaghattatthil eee feeld sajeevamaayirunnu, thermoluminisense tephrochronology inipparayunna theeyathikalil (varshangalkk munbu) spodanangalude oru parambara nalkunnu
aduthide undaaya eee spodanangalilonninte theevratha plinenian pottitherikku samanamaayirunnu, koodaathe chila pottitherikalkku 4 enna agniparvvatha spotana soochika nalkiyittundu.
vayalil fumerolukalonnumilla, athesamayam choodulla neeruravakal nilavilundakaam allengil illaayirikkaam; ennaal niravadhi thalamurakalk munbu, malha garthatthil ninnu theepidithamundaayathaayum thadaakathinullile jalanirapp shabdangalkkoppam maattangalkk vidheyamaayennum midobinekkurichulla aithihyangal oorkkunnu. eee aithihyangal sameepakaalathe agniparvvatha pravartthanangale prathifalippichekkaam.
agniparvvathamallaatha charithram.
agniparvvathathinu purame, maidobil eolian prakriyakalum jalakshaamavum sajeevamaayirunnu, ithu prathyekichu vayalinte arikukalil vyapakamaaya avashishtangal srishtikkunnu. niravadhi vaadikal mydob agniparvvatha kshethrathinte madhyabhaagathu ninnu radialaayi vyaapichukidakkukayum vellapokka samayat vellam vahikkukayum avashishtangalum floating pumis kondupookukayum cheiyunnu. pazhaya laava pravaahangalilekkum agniparvvatha bhooprakrithikalilekkum kaatt avashishtangal kondupookunnu, ennaal athinte youvanam kaaranam midob agniparvvatha mekhalayude pala bhooprakrithikalum kshayichupokunnilla.
aadyakaala, madhya holocene kaalaghattatthil niravadhi garthangalil thadakangal undaayirunnu; ivayil chilath dietomite avashishtangal avasheshippikkukayum shudhajalathil jeevikkunna austraakkodukalaal adivasikkukayum cheythu. eee thadaakangalude roopeekaranam ekadesham 12,100 varshangalkk munbu, 8,290-ll aarambhichu. malhayil bhaagikamaayo poornnamaayo varandupoya sambhavangal sambhavichu, aadyathethu varthamaanakaalathin ekadesham 7,000 varshangalkkum randaamathethu 2,300-2,200 varshangalkkum munbaayirunnu. innu malha garthatthil maathramaan ippozhum jalasambharani ullathu.
manushya upayogam.
mydob agniparvvatha mekhala obsidiyante uravidamaayi upayogichirikkaam, romangalkk malha garthatthil ninnu uppu labhichu. eee gartham oru oyaasis aanu, koodaathe midab janathayude jalasrothass koodiyaayirunnu. 

