mishigan idathu

oru (pradhana) vibhajicha roadway (cheria) secondary (cheria) roadway thammilulla oru intersectionil oro idathu (vidoora) valavinum pakaram oru valath (adutha) valavum thudarnnu oru yuu-teenn, allengil yuu-teenn, thudarnnu oru valath (adutha) teenn enniva upayogichu maattisthaapikkunna oru grade intersection designaanu mishigan lephtt allengil pii-teenn. ithu pala raajyangalilum upayogikkunnundu.
padavali.
yuu. esile rodukalilum haivekalilum pathivayi upayogikkunnathinaal eee intersection designinu "mishigan lephtt" enna peru nalki.ezz. nalki.ezz avasaanam muthal mishigan samsthaanam. mattu sandarbhangalil, eee intersectione median yoottan crosswor allengil median yoottan allengil niyantritha crossing yuu-teenn (arcut) ennu vilikkunnu. roopakalppanaye chilappol oru boulivaard lephtt, oru boulivaard tentaundu, oru paroksha idathu teenn, oru mishigan luun, oru teenn, teenn allengil oru "throo teenn" intersection ennum vilikkunnu.
vivaranam.
kuranjathu oru roadengilum vibhajicha haiveyo boulivaardo aaya edanaazhikalilaanu design sambhavikkunnath, koodaathe idathu vashathekku thiriyukayum saadhaaranayaayi vibhajikkapetta haiveyil ninnu nirodhikkukayum cheiyunnu. mikkavarum ellah saahacharyangalilum, vibhajicha haiway iruvashathum onniladhikam paathakalullathaanu. secondary roadle aayirikkumbol drivermar valathottu tirian nirddeshikkunnu. akathu, avar meediyanil oru niyukta yuu-teenn (allengil cross-ovar) lainilekku kyoo cheiyunnu. gathagatham illaathaakumbol avar yuu-teenn poortthiyaakki intersection vazhi thirike pookunnu. koodaathe, yuu-teenn leyne vann-way traafikkinaayi roopakalppana cheythirikkunnu.
athupole, vibhajicha haiveyile gathagatham cross streettumaayulla kavalayil edathottu tirian kazhiyilla. pakaram, intersection "ovarshoottu" cheyyaanum yuu-teenn leyiniloode pookaanum ethir dishayil ninnu intersectionilekku madangaanum drivermark nirddesham nalkunnu.
cross ovar eriyayilekku vahanangal praveshikkumbol, nilatthe adayaalangal cross oovaril rund vazhikal thirikkunnathayi soochippikkunnillengil, drivermar oru paatha roopappeduthunnu. rund pathakal ulla oru cross ovar uyarnna alavilulla cross ovarukalil allengil valath varii murichukadakkunna theruvilekku thiriyumbol roopakalppana cheythirikkunnu. eee saahacharyathil, design poortthiyaakkunna vaahanangalkkayi valath paatha neekkivachirikkunnu. crosswor poortthiyaakkaan semi-trailer trekkukalkku mathiyaya valuppamullathayirikkanam mikka kroswarukalum. eee valia cross ovar eriya palappozhum rund vahanangal orotta cross oovaril thettayi varinilkkunnathilekku nayikkunnu.
oru mishigan idathu saadhaaranayaayi cheria crostodukalile gathaagathatthiloode pradhana rodilo haiveyilo, prathyekichu kooduthal yaatra cheiyunna cheria roadukalil, nere pookaan anuvadikkunnu.
2011ll aarambhicha federal haiway administreshante dainamdina enna samrambhathinte bhaagamaayi athinte roopakalppana prothsaahippikkappedu.
vyathiyanangal.
idungiya median.
oru roadinte median oru saadhaarana mishigan idathu thanthram anuvadikkaan kazhiyaathathra idungiyathaanengil, yaathrayude ethir dishayil nadappaathaye vishalamaakkunna oru vyathiyaanam upayogikkaam. eee vishalamaaya nadappaathaye "bulb outtu" allengil "luun" ennu vilikkunnu (nadappaathayude aakasha saadrushyathil ninnu jalapakshiyumaayi). atharam oru roopakalppanaye chilappol "mishigan luun" ennu vilikkunnu; uttayil, "throo teenn" ennu vilikkunnu, avide oraal "yuu-teninu" munbulla intersection "kadannupokunnu.
grade verthirikkal.
meksikkoyile gwadalajarayil, mariano odero avanyoovinteyum maanuval gomez morin beltweyudeyum () kavalayil eee sajjeekaranathinte grade verthiricha vyathiyaanamund. mariano ottero avanyooviloode ozhukunna gathagatham beltwake mukalilulla oru ovarpaasilekku nayikkunnu, rund praveshana roadukal saadhyamaaya naalu dishakalilum valath thiriyunnu; athesamayam, yuu-tenukal beltwake thaazheyaan nirmmichirikkunnathu, koodaathe mariano ottero avanyoovil ninnu beltweyilekku idathu thiriyal neekkangal anuvadikkunnu.
superstreet.
pradhana rodukalilo haiveyilo kadannupokunnathil ninnu cheria rodukalile gathaagathathe thadayunna mishigan lefttinte oru vyathiyaanathe saadhaaranayaayi superstreet allengil "niyantritha crossing yoottan" (arcut) ennu vilikkunnu. saadhaarana mishigan lephttil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, pradhana roadle ninno haiveyil ninno cheria rodukalilekkulla idathu tirivukal saadhaaranayaayi anuvadaneeyamaanu, ennirunnaalum atharam thirivukale nirodhikkunna oru vyathiyaanamund.
udaaharanagal.
angola.
thalasthaana nagaramaya angola luvaanda, traaphik laittukal upayogikkunathinupakaram randilum moonnil verthirikkapetta edanaazhikalil itharathilulla intersectionte lalithamaaya vakabhedam vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu. valia jangshanukal kooduthal chelaveria grade-verthiricha interchenchukalkku pakaram eee intersection tharam upayogikkunnu.
austreliya.
austreliyayil, idathuvashathu traaphik driveukal ulla victorian samsthaana sarkkar 2009 ll thekkukizhakkan melbone praanthapradeshamaaya fraankstanile mooroodak haiway haiway, cranbone-fraankstan rooad (stettu root 4) ennivayude kavalayil mishigan lefttinu samanamaaya "pii-teenn" avatharippichu. ithinu valathottu thirikkunna vaahanangalkk edathottu thirinj yuu-teenn aavasyamaanu. 2015 meyy vare pradeshavaasikal ithu neekkam cheyyanamennu aavasyappettirunnu.
2018 epril 16 nuu victoriyayile abotsfordile hodil streettinteyum (stettu root 29) jonsttan streettinteyum (stettu root 34) kavalayil oru pii-teenn avatharippichu. 2019ll richmandile stettu root 29-leeii pandu rooad sekshan, swan street (stettu root 20) ennivayude kavalayil mattoru pii-teenn chertthu.
padinjaaran australiyayile pertthil, alexanderinteyum morley driveukaludeyum moolayil oru mishigan lephtt upayogikkunnu, avide valath thirinja traaphikk idathu thirinj yuu-teenn cheyyaan nirbandhitharaakunnu.
brazeel.
brazeelil prathyekichu saavo pouloyilum paranayilum saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna roopakalppanayaanu mishigan lephtt.
canada.
ontaariyoyile ottavayil, baank streettil ninnu iruvashathum nadiyude theerathekku pookaan oru mishigan idathu undu.
traansit sitti project nirddeshicha street kaar line adangiyirikkunna roadukalil idathu-teenn cheyyaan aagrahikkunna vaahanamodikkunnavare aashwasippikkunnathinaayi ontaariyoyile torrentoilaanu roopakalppana nirddeshichittullathu.
ontaariyoyile windseril, iii-yude vadakku huron charchu roadle oru mishigan idathu undu.sii. varshangalkk munbu sthaapicha idungiya-idatharam vakabhedamaaya roow express way, herb gray paarkveyude nirmmaanavumaayi chernnu express veyude punarkrameekaranam kaaranam ippol apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkunnulloo.
suscatchevanile suscatoonil, sarkkil drivumaayulla interchenchinu padinjaaru, 8-aamm streettil oru mishigan lephtt jodi nilavilundu, athupole oraal padinjarottu pookumbool mattu kurachu yuu-teenn lainukalum undu.
hongong.
hongongile tirakkeriya chila jangshanukalile roopakalppanayaanithu. hongong dveepil udaaharanangalil vaan chaay vadakku fleming road harber road, wong naayi chungile hennessy rooad, kanal rooad flyovar ennivayude junction ulppedunnu. kauloonil eee roopakalppana chiong vaan roadinum hong chong rooad/salisbury roadinum idayilaanu.
phillippeans.
philippeensil, bayani fernando keezhilulla metropolittan manila development authority (emm. emm. dii. eiii) 2000 kalude thudakkathil metro manilayile niravadhi pradhana roadukalil "noow lephtt teenn" padhathi nadappaakki, motor vahana gathagatham intersectionukalil edathottu thirikkunnath nirodhichu, pakaram avarkk niyukta yuu-teenn slottukalil yuu-teenn nadathukayum pinneedu valathottu thirikkukayum venam. traaphik laitt signalukal moolamundaakunna thadassangal laghookarikkunnathiloode thudarchayaaya traaphik srishtikkunnathiloode mishigan lephtt teenn design anukarikkunnathinaanu padhathi roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. thangalude "noow lephtt teenn" padhathikku purame, kondaakt expersion policyum rooad obstruction clearing kaambeynum 2001 juulai muthal 2003 juun vare pradhana rodukaliloodeyulla sharashari yatra vegatha vardhippichathaayi emm. emm. dii. eiii avakashappettu.
ennirunnaalum, metro manilayil "noow lephtt teenn" padhathi nadappaakkunnathu vivaadamaayirunnu, kaaranam aduthulla yuu-teenn slottilekku naavigettu cheyyendivannathinaal kooduthal yaatra dooram undakkunnathinum surakshithamaayi athilekku naavigettu cheiyunnathil budhimuttukal kaaranam vaahanamodikkunnavarkku avarude yuu-teenn sloat nashtappedunna sambhavangalkkum ithu kuprasidhamaayirunnu. noow lephtt teenn" enna padhathiyekkurichu niravadhi academic padanangalum nadathiyittundu, eee padhathi kooduthal yatra samayam nalkunnuvennum kuranja kaar varavum kuranja leyne mattunna thanthrangalum upayogichu maathrame pravartthikkoo ennum churukkatthil parayunnu, yuu-teenn slottukal oduvil thirakkeriyathaayi maarunnu. athinusesham, eee yuu-teenn slottukalil palathum adaykkukayum mikka intersectionukalilum idathu-taining punasthaapikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum chilath ippozhum edsa, kvisoon avanyoo, sarkkamenshyal rooad 5 thudangiya roadukalil avasheshikkunnu.
meksikoo.
meksikoyiludaneelam, prathyekichu meksikoo sittiyil yuu-teenn intersectionukal valare saadhaaranamaanu.
yunaittad kingdom.
englandile bruntfordile eiii4 grettu vestt road eiii3002 boosttan maanar road cherunna sthalathum samanamaaya shailiyilulla pii-teenn upayogikkunnu.
america.
2013ll, alabamayil aadyamaayi mishigan lephts sthaapichu, kanatha yaathrakalulla niravadhi sthalangalil.ezz. metro birminghamil root 280.
tuxon, arizona, 2013 ll inaa/orakkil, graant rooad ennividangalil mishigan lephts avatharippikkan thudangi. avarude sweekaranam sammishramaayirunnu.
indianpolis, indiana 2013ll 96-aamm theruvinteyum alisanville roadinteyum (mathsyathozhilaalikalude chuttumulla nagarangalkk sameepam, indiana) kavalayil mishigan lephtt avatharippichu. pradeshavaasikalkkidayil janapreeti illaathathinaal michikan avasheshikkunna pradeshangal thakarkkanulla padhathikal nagaram prakhyaapichittundu 
2018 novemberil, adhaa kaundi haiway distrikt idahoile boyisile stettu street/vettarans memorial parkway/36-aamm street intersectionil oru throo-teenn intersectionte pravartthanam poortthiyaakki.
nyoo oorliyans, louisiana, nagaratthile bollevardukal street kaar tracukalaal vibhajikkappedaavunna athinte praanthapradeshamaaya meteyari ennividangalil eee roopakalppana thaarathamyena saadhaaranamaanu, koodaathe suburban roadukal palappozhum drainage kanalukalaal vibhajikkappedunnu. eee design upayogikkunna chila intersectionukal mishiganilullathinu samaanamaayi oppidunnu, pakshe kooduthal vivaranathmakamaaya vaachakathode; ennirunnaalum, chila sandarbhangalil "idathu thiriyaruth" enna eaka adayaalam maathrameyulloo, drivermark athu svayam kandethanakum.
yooniversitti boulivaard (emdi 193), kolasville rooad (us 29) enniva thammilulla vibhajanathinte punarvikasanam muthal, silver spring, merilaandil, oru mishigan lephtt, allengil avikasithavum thirakkeriyathumaaya vibhajanathiloode gathaagathatthinte karyakshamatha vardhippikkunnathinu upayogichu. thalasthaana beltweyude saameepyam kaaranam kanatha gathagatham kooduthal surakshithamaayum kaaryakshamamayum kaikaaryam cheiyunnu.
1960 kalude thudakkathil detroyittile 8 mile rooad (emm-102), livernois avanyoo () ennivayude kavalayilaanu mishigan gathagatha vakupp aadyamaayi aadhunika roopakalppana upayogichathu. gathaagathakkurukkinte vardhanavum apakadangalude kuravum valare naadakeeyamaayirunnu (oru <aii. dii. 1> kuravu) athinusesham samsthaanathudaneelam samanamaaya 700-ladhikam intersectionukal vinyasichittund. apakadakaramaaya haiveyude punarnirmmaanam poortthiyaakkikkondu (2021 ll moonnu nadikalil yuu. ezz. 131) avasaram labhikkuna mishigan lephtt nirmmikkunnath mishigan thudarunnu.
vadakkan carolina wilmingtonin purathu samsthaanathinte thekkukizhakkan bhaagath 17-aamm sthaanathulla mishigan lephts nadappaakkunnu. 2015ll, charlot praanthapradeshamaaya konkordile poppler tent road deritta road thammil cherunna oru mishigan idathu nirmmichu.
columbus, ohiyo 2012 ll sr 161, stroberry fams boulivaard ennivayude kavalayil oru mishigan avasheshikkunnu.
texacil kuranjathu rund mishigan lefttukalenkilum nilavilundu. 1980 muthal 2007 vare hyoosttanile fontren road bellair bouliward thammil cherunna sthalathaanu onnu sthithicheythirunnathu, athinusesham parambaraagatha idathu-teenn pathakal sthaapichu. mattonn 2010 madhyathil preesttan roadinteyum legazy drivinteyum kavalayilulla planoyilaanu nirmmichathu. drivermaarude aashayakkuzhappathinte falamaayi 2014 januvariyil nagaram oru parambaraagatha kavalayilekku thiriyaanulla padhathikal prakhyaapichu. texasile oosttinile efm 973-ll austin-bergstrom anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalathin kizhakkayi 71-aamm samsthaanapaathayude oru bhaagath 2014-ll nirmmicha oru signalised mishigan yuu-teenn undaayirunnu-ithu 2016-nte thudakkathil thudakkathil mukalilulla mukalilulla tollway tollway ree-ruting ulppede) poortthiyaakunnathuvare oru thaalkkaalika pariharamaayirunnu. nilavil saan aantoniyoyile lupe 1604-nuu vadakku 281-ll onniladhikam mishigan idathu tenukal upayogikkunnu. vikasanam vadakkott vyaapichappol gathagatha prasnangalkkulla oru hraswakaala parihaaramaayi iva sweekarichu, pakshe yuu. ezz. 281 uyarnnathode ithu ghattamghattamaayi illaathaakum.
salt lake sittiyude praanthapradeshamaaya drapper sitti, 2011 ll salt lake kaundiyiloode antharsamsthaana 15 nuu thottadutthu 12300 thekk, samsthaana theruvinte kavalayil udaayude aadyathe "throo teenn" nirmmikkumenn prakhyaapichu. 2011 venalkkaalath nirmmaanam aarambikkukayum 2011 avasaanathode poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. samanamaaya mattu vibhajanagal southu jordaanilum leytonilum nadappaakki.
baadhakamaaya traaphik padanangal.
oru traaphik prashnathinulla eathoru enchiniyaring parihaaratheyum pole itharathilulla intersection konfigareshan, chila gunangalum doshangalum vahikkunnu, koodaathe niravadhi padanangalkku vidheyavumaan.
pradhana intersectionu purathu idathu tirivukal maarunnath kaaranam idathu-teenn koottiyidikalil valia kuravum layippikkunnathilum vyathichalikkunnathilum cheria kuravum undayathaayi padanangal theliyichittundu. koodaathe, ithu vividha traaphik laitt ghattangalude ennam kuraykkukayum gathagatha ozhukk ganyamaayi vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. idathu vashathekkulla thirivukalkk inii prathyeka gattangal aavasyamillaathathinaal, ithu gathaagathathinulla pacha samayam vardhippikkunnu. gathagatham thirikkunnathile swaadheenam sammisramaanu. thathfalamaayi, aaa haiveyilum murichukadakkunna rodukalilumulla idathu-teenn gattangal illaathaakkunnathiloode roopakalppana cheytha oru haiveyiludaneelamulla traaphik signalukalude samayam eluppamaakkunnu, ithu yatra samayam kuraykkunnathinum aaa rodukalude sheshi vardhippikkunnathinum kaaranamaakunnu.
gathagatham vazhiyum valath thirinja vaahanangaliloodeyum maathram kaalnadakkaar ettumuttunnathinaal eee kavalakalil kaalnadayaathrakkaarude suraksha vardhippikkumennu theliyikkappettittund. idathu tirivukal illaathaakkunnathu vahana-kaalnada samgharshathinte oru uravidathe neekkam cheiyunnu. mishigan idathu bhaagatthinte oru cheria poraayma vaahanamodikkunnavarkku vaahanamodikkaan aavashyamaaya adhika dooramaanu. chilappol tenroundilekkulla dooram intersection kadakkunnathra dooreyaanu. eee design oro vaahanamodikkunnayaalum idathu vashathekku tirian oru adhika vahanam oodikkaan kaaranamaakunnu. edathottu thirikkunna vaahanangalkk teenn nadappilaakkumbol moonnu thavana vare nirthendivarunnathinum ithu kaaranamaakunnu.

