
saadhaarana minno

kaarppile shudhajala malsyangalude oru cheria inamaanu eurasian minoo, minoo allengil kooman minoo (foxinus foxinus).
cyprinidae kudumbam. foxinus" janussinte oru inamaanithu. brittan, spain muthal kizhakkan cyberia vare eurasiayude bhooribhaagathum ithu sarvavyaapiyaanu, pradhaanamaayum thanutha aruvikalilum nannayi ooksijanettad thadaakangalilum kulangalilum. valia thothil vettayaadunna oru koottam inamaayi ithu ariyappedunnu.
vivaranam.
paramavadhi motham neelam athunna, ennaal saadhaaranayaayi ekadesham neelamulla oru cheria malsyamaanu saadhaarana minno. ithinu 3 nattellukalum 6 muthal 8 vare mriduvaaya kiranangalum 3 nattellukalum 6 muthal 8 vare mriduvaaya kiranangalum aanu. athinte nattellu 38-40 kasherukkalaal nirmmithamaan. saadhaaranayaayi gudapindatthinte nesinappuram neelunna laattaral line ullathukondu europil kaanapedunna samanamaaya enangalil ninnu ithu verthirikkappedunnu, laattaral lainil lambamaayi neelamulla paadukalude oru varii, shareerathinte aazhathinte 1/3-1 2 nuu thulyamaaya aazham ore sthaanathu, eee paadukal palappozhum fuse cheyth oru madhyabhaagathulla vara roopappedunnu, codal pedankilinu athinte neelatthinte eratti 2.6-3.1 aazhamund. sthanathile skeyilukal paachi aanu, skeyilukalude paachukal anseyil cheytha pradeshangalaal verthirikkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum avaa apoorvvamaayi 1-2 varikalulla skeyilukalaal bandhippichirikkunnu. athinte mookkinte neelam thalayude neelatthinte 29-34% aanu, koodaathe kanninte vyaasathinte 1.1-1.4 eratti aanu. avasana dorsal reyude aditharaykku munnilaanu gudapindatthinte uthbhavam. koorkkatthinte chirakil 19 mriduvaaya kiranangalund. purambhaagam saadhaaranayaayi thavitt-pacha niramullathaanu, koodaathe mukalil vivarichirikkunna laattaral stripe allengil blochukal upayogichu vella-chaara adibhaagathu ninnu verthirikkunnu.
vitharanam.
vadakkan yureshyayil padinjaaru ireland muthal kizhakk amur drainage, korea vare saadhaarana minno kaanapedunnu. grettu brittanil 58°enn vareyum scandinaviayilum russiayilum ettavum vadakke attangal vareyum kaanapedunnu. padinjaaran europil thekkan paridhi garon mukalile rone aanennu thonnunnu. volga, yooral ennivayude azhukkuchaalukalilum balkhash thadaakathilum mukalile sir-darya drainejilum ithu rekhappeduthiyittundu. eee inam mattu pala enangalkkum samaanamaayathinaal mattidangalile rekhakalkku sthireekaranam aavasyamaanu. skotlandil ithu oru thaddesheeyamallaatha inamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, irelandil ithu orupakshe anganeyayirikkaam. norway ulppede mattevideyengilum aamukhangal nadannirikkaam.
aavaasavyavastha.
saadhaarana minau palappozhum salmonidukalumaayi samanvayippikkunna thanutha, nannayi ooksijan adangiya vellamulla vaividhyamaarnna parithasthithikalil kaanapedunnu. athivega pravahangalulla cheria aruvikalum athinte vadakku bhaagathulla valia thaazhnna pradeshangalile nadikalum ithil ulppedunnu. cheria parvatha thadakangal muthal valia oligotrophic thadakangal vare vaividhyamaarnna nischalajalathilum ithu vasikkunnu. muttayidunnathinu, kinattil ninnu ooksijan ozhukunna vellathilo thadaakatheerathu thiramaalakal ozhukunna sthalatho shudhamaaya charal pradeshangal aavasyamaanu. shaithyakaalam kadannuvarumvare kuranja vaidyuthadhaarayulla aazhathilulla kulangalum ithinu aavasyamaanu, ivaykkidayil malsyathinu maraykkaan kazhiyunna parukkan uparithalamundayirikkanam.
perumaattam.
shoaling.
saadhaarana minokalude neenthal kazhivullappol thanne avayude vikasanathinte thudakkathil thanne shoaling school swabhaavavum sambhavikkunnu. shoaling swabhaavam pinneedu vardhikkukayum athu prathyakshappett moonnu muthal naalu aazhchakalkkullil aadhipathyam pulartthukayum cheiyunnu. eee swabhaavam saadhaaranayaayi vettayaadunnavare ozhivaakkunnathum meyikkunnathum mechappeduthunnathiloodu vyakthigatha minokalkk gunam cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, bhakshanathinaayulla vardhicha malsaram, anubaadhaykkulla saadhyatha thudangiya grouppukalile jeevithachelavum undu. vettakkaarude saannidhyam allengil vibhavangalude labhyatha polulla saahacharyangale aashrayich shoaling swabhaavam parishkkarikkunnu.
vettayaadal ozhivakkal.
pothuvaaya minokalude group roopeekaranam dablyu nirddeshicha svaarthamaaya aattinkoottam prabhavam kondu vishadeekarikkaam.dii. haamilttan. svaarthamaaya aattinkoottam sidhaanthamanusarichu, vyakthikal mattullavare sameepikkukayum vettayaadal saadhyatha ettavum kurravulla grouppinte kendrathilekku thudarchayaayi neengukayum cheythukondu avarude apakadamekhala kuraykkaan shramikkumbol oru group roopappedunnu. sidhaantham pravachikkunnathupole, vardhichuvarunna vettayaadal sammarddathinu marupadiyaayi saadhaarana minokal avarude shoaling swabhaavam vardhippikkunnu.
alaram padaartham.
saadhaarana minokalkk vettakkaarude saannidhyam kandethaanum ghraana njarambukal kandethunna oru raasa signal vazhi avarude sholamettukalumaayi ashayavinimayam nadatthaanum kazhiyum. bhaya padaartham" ennartham varunna kaal voonn frish aadyamaayi vivaricha jarmman padatthinte peril shrekkstof ennu perittirikkunna eee rasavasthu alaram padaartha koshangal ennu vilikkunna prathyeka charmakoshangalil adangiyirikkunnu, ithu parikkettatho kollappettatho aaya minovil ninnu purathuvarunnu. sholamettukalkku rasavasthukkal kandethaanum vettayaadaanulla vardhicha apakadasaadhyathayodu prathikarikkaanum kazhiyum.
eee alaram padaarthatthinte ulppaadanavum prakashanavum paropakaaraparamaan, kaaranam signal ayachayaal, athinte parikkil purathuvidunna signalil ninnu nerittu prayojanam labhikkathathinaal, raasavasthuvinte ulppaadanathinum prakaashanatthinum chelavu nalkendathundu. vaasthavathil, viralamaaya bhakshanam kaaranam saadhaarana minokal mosham shaareerikaavasthayilaakumbol alaram padaartha koshangalude ennam kurayunnu, ithu prathyeka koshangalude ulppaadanathinum paripaalanatthinum upapachayam chelavaakumenn soochippikkunnu. prathyakshamaaya paropakaraparamaaya perumaattam vyakthamaayi manassilakkiyitla, kaaranam bandhukkale thiranjedukkunnathinulla saadhyathayulla vishadeekaranathe pinthunaykkunnathu sholmettukalkku adutha bandhamillaattha saadhaarana minokalude shoal gadanayalla.
vettayaadal apakadasaadhyathaykk marupadiyaayi shoaling krameekaranam.
saadhaarana minokal alaram padaartham manassilaakkumbol, vyakthikal avarude shoaling groupile kendra sthaanathekku neengumbol avaa karsanamaaya sholukal roopappeduthunnu. ennirunnaalum, thudarchayaaya exposure vazhi saadhaarana minokal rasavasthukkalumaayi parichithamaaya oru pareekshanatthil, saadhaarana minokal signalinode prathikarichilla. nishkalankaraaya saadhaarana minokal maathramaan groupile kendra sthaanathekku maarikkond signalinode prathikarichathu. mattoru pareekshanatthil, gaveshakar ardha-prakrithiparamaaya krameekaranatthil saadhaarana minokal nireekshikkukayum aavaasavyavasthayude sankeernathaye aashrayich saadhaarana minokalude shoaling swabhaavam vyathyaasappedunnuvennu kandethukayum cheythu. gadanaaparamaayi lalithamaaya aavaasavyavasthakalil valia sholukal roopappeduthunnathiloode sankeernamaaya aavaasavyavasthakalil avayude chalana nirakk kuraykkunnathiloodeyum minokal vardhicha vettayaadal apakadasaadhyathayodu prathikarikkunnu.
vettakkaarante parisodhana.
saadhyathayulla vettakkar sholinaduthethumbol, chila saadhaarana minokal vettakkaare parisodhikkunnathinum apakadam vilayiruthunnathinumayi vettakkaare sameepikkaanulla risk edukkunnu. vettayaadunnavarude parisodhana swabhaavam vettayaadunnavarude aakramanathinum bhakshikkunnathinum ulla saadhyatha vardhippikkunnu, ennaal vettayaadunnavarude aakramanathodu kooduthal jagrathayulla minokal vegathil prathikarikkunnathinal eee swabhaavam inspectormark prayojanakaramaanu. saadhaarana minokal avayude roopabhaavathaal vettakkaare thirichariyumennu prathekshikkunnu. oru pareekshanatthil, saadhaarana minokal minokalude pradhana vettakkaaril oralaaya paikkinte yaadhaarthyabodhamulla modalum lalithamaaya silindar modalum parishodhichu. saadhaarana minokal kuranja bhakshana nirakk, yaadhaarthyabodhamulla model sandarshichathinu sesham pathivayi skittaring enniva polulla uyarnna jagrata kaanichu, pakshe avar lalithamaaya model eluppathil sheelamaakkukayum modalinu sameepam polum meyunnathu punararambhikkukayum cheythu.
vettakkaare avayude roopam kondu thirichariyunnathinupurame, saadhaarana minokalkk vettakkaarude aakramanathinulla prachodanathodu prathikarikkaan kazhiyum. oru pareekshanatthil, saadhaarana minokal minokale akramikkaan shramikkunnathuvare krithyamaaya edavelakalil vyakthamaaya vibhajanathinu pinnilulla oru vadakkan paikk parishodhichu. avarude sandarshanam eppol ennathine aashrayich avarude prathikaranangal vyathyasthamaayirunnu. aakramanathinu valare munbuthanne paikk parishodhichavarekkaal kooduthal aashankaakularaayirunnu paikk aakramanathinu thottumunbu paikk parishodhicha minokal. saadhaarana minokalkk vettakkaarante asannamaaya akramanaathmakathayum aakramanathinulla prachodanavum kandethaan kazhiyumennu nireekshanam kaanikkunnu.
vettayaadal virudha pravartthanangalile vyathiyanangal.
saadhaarana minokalude vyathyastha janasamkhya vividha alavilulla vettayaadal virudha pravartthanangal kaanikkunnu. uyarnna vettayaadal pradeshangalile janasamkhyayil ninnulla saadhaarana minokal saadhaaranayaayi kuranja vettayaadal pradeshangalil ninnullavarekkaal kooduthal theevramaaya vettayaadal parisodhana kaanikkunnu. avar vegathil parisodhana aarambikkukayum valia koottam inspectormaar roopeekarikkukayum kooduthal thavana parisodhikkukayum vettakkaarane sameepikkukayum cheiyunnu.
laborattari valarthiya pakwathayillaattha minokalil shoaling swabhaavathinte aadyakaala aavirbhaavathil soochippichathupole, vettayaadal virudha pravartthanangalude chila gadakangal paarambaryamaayi labhichavayaan. vettakkaarude saannidhyathodulla prathikaranamaayi vettakkaarude parisodhanayudeyum shoaling perumaattatthinteyum vyathyastha thalangal vettakkaarude parichayamillengilum laborattari valarthiya minokalil uyarnnekkaam. avarude kollayadi virudha perumattangal gunaparamayum alavu adisthaanathilum avarude vanyamaayi pidikoodappetta athiraalikalumaayi saamyamullathaan. vettakkaarude aadyakaala anubhavangalal vettayaadal virudha perumattangal parishkarikkappedunnu. vettakkaarumaayi neratheyulla sanbarkkam parisodhana nirakkum shoaling pravanathayum vardhippikkunnu.
charam.
oro vyakthikkum vettayaadal virudha pravartthanangalude aavasyam kurayukayum kooduthal aalukal bhakshanathinaayi scan cheiyunnathu vegathil kandethunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal, shoaling swabhaavam vettayaadal vijayam mechappeduthunnu. pothuve, oru valia malsyam vegathil bhakshanam kandethunnu, ithu saadhaarana minokalil sariyaanennu sthireekarichu.
vyakthigatha amgeekaaravum shoal chois.
saadhaarana minokal theettaykkaayi sholmettukal kramarahithamayi thiranjedukkunnilla. avar parichithamaaya sholmettukalumaayi sahavasikkukayum bhakshanathinaayi mosham athiraalikalumaayi sholukal roopeekarikkaan ishtappedukayum cheiyunnu, ithu avarkk vyakthigatha nirddishta karyangal thirichariyaan kazhiyumennu soochippikkunnu. pavapetta malsaraarthikalumaayi shoal cheiyunnathu kooduthal prayojanakaramaanu, kaaranam group foraging bhakshanathinaayulla thirachiline sahaayikkumbol, ithu sholmettukalkkidayil bhakshanathinaayulla malsarathilekkum nayikkunnu.
saadhaarana minokal parichithamaaya sholmettukalumaayi bandhappedaan pravanatha kaanikkunnu, ennaal vyathyastha grouppukal ettumuttumbol puthiya sakhyangal roopappedaam. vividha grouppukalil ninnulla saadhaarana minokale oru pothu anthareekshathilekku parichayappedutthukayum nireekshikkukayum cheiyunna oru pareekshanatthil, avar aparichitharaya vyakthikalekkaal parichitharaya vyakthikalumaayi ganyamaayi edapazhakunnu. munganana randaazhcha vare neenduninnengilum moonnaam aazhchayode puthiya association paattenukal nireekshikkappettu.
thadavil prajnana.
eurasian minau thanutha shudhajalathile akveriyangalil nannayi prajananam nadathunnundengilum ithu apoorvvamaayi maathrame aquarium malsyamaayi vilkkaarulloo. avarkk nalla ooksijan vitharanam (chila eyar bublerukal nannayi pravartthikkunnu), nyayamaaya vaidyuthadhaara (bublerukal nalla shakthamaanenkil palappozhum nalkunnu), charal adibhaagam enniva aavasyamaanu. cheruthaayi (oronnum) nannayi pravartthikkunnundena eathu valuppamaan ettavum nannayi pravarthikkunnathennu vyakthamalla. shudhajalam sahayikkunnu, athupole sasyangalude jeevithavum pothuve nalla nilavaaramulla aquarium avasthakalum sahayikkunnu. malsyam kooduthal sajeevamaakukayum malsyathinte niram marran thudangukayum cheyyumbol meyy avasaanathode prajananam aarambikkunnu. penpakshikal avarude niram athrayonnum mattunnilla, shareerathinte aakruthi kooduthalaanu; vaasthavathil, cheruthaayi chuvanna chirakukal ozhike mattenthenkilum nirangal mangunnathayi thonnunnu. avarude shareeram adivayattilekku kooduthal aazhathil sajjamaakunnu, eee pradeshavum puratthekku valichedukkaan thudangunnu. penthumbikalil cheria mattangal undengilum purushathumbikalil valia maattangalaan undaakunnath. onnamathaayi, malsyathinte nirangalude vyathyaasathil kooduthal shakthipraapikkunnu (iruttu irundathum prakasham bharam kuranjathum), chirakukal, thonda, mattu chila bhagangal enniva chuvannupokunnu. malsyam prajananam aduthuvarunnathode eee niravyathiyaanangal shakthippedunnu. shareeram valare valuthaakkukayum thaazheyum thaazheyum ilam neela niratthilulla ilam paadukal ullathinaal gillukal valare ilam niramaakukayum cheiyunnu. ithu ippol valare irunda shareeravumaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. pinneedu shareerathinte thaazhathe pakuthiyile skeyilukal kooduthal verittunilkkaan thudangukayum alpam svarnnarekhakalaayi maarukayum cheiyunnu. kaalakramena ivayellaam shakthippedunnu. ellah chirakukalum, prathyekichu dorsal, kooduthal puratthekku nilkkaan thudangunnu; ithu rund lingangalilum sambhavikkunnu. purushanmaar sthreekale chuttum pinthudaraan thudangukayum avarkkethire avarude vashangal theikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu inacheralinodu valare bhranthum aakramanaathmakavumaayi maarunnu. penpakshi muttakal vidukayum aanpakshi beejasankalanam nadathukayum cheiyunna eee swabhaavam athinte paraakaashtayilethumbozhaanu inacheral sambhavikkunnath.
beejasankalanam cheytha muttakal udan thanne thaazhekkum charalkkukalilum mungunnu. mattu malsyangal muttakal thinnukayum charal valichu avaa kandethukayum cheyyum. purushan pinneedu oru nischitha samayathekku avare krooramaayi samraksikkum. kurachu divasangalkku sesham muttakal viriyukayum varuthedukkukayum cheyyum. praayapoorthiyaaya malsyangal avaa kazhikkaan sramikkum, prathyekichum kuranja bhakshanavum mattu jeevanulla bhakshanavum nalkukayaanengil, frike olippikkaan dhaaraalam sasyangal undaayirikkendathu valare pradhaanamaan. infusoria, aalgakal ennee cheria jeevikal bebi fry bhakshikkunnu. bhakshanathinaayi infusoria valarthaan kulatthile vellathinte oru jaam jaar eduthu kurachu parutthivool allengil muslin vazhi oodikkuka, daphnia polulla valia vettayaadal jeevikale puratthedukkaan, avaa infusoria bhakshikkukayum vellathil pullu cherkkukayum cheyyum. kurachu divasathekku kuranja velichamulla muriyil ekadesham muriyile thapanilayil ithu vaykkuka. vellathil niravadhi cheria velutha kuthukal undaakum, avaa oru microscopinu keezhil nokkiyaal avayude dashalakshangalil palatharam infusoriyakal undennu velippeduthunnu. iva tankle cherthu frike nalkaam. kooduthal labhikkaan infusoria adangiya pazhaya vellathil kurachu thanuthathum vevicha tapp vellathil pullu cherthu cherkkukayum mattu nadapadikramangal aavarthikkukayum cheyyuka. varuthava valarumbol avarude bhakshanakramathil maattam varunnu. avar athumbol daphnia allengil cyclops polulla cheria jeevikalkk bhakshanam nalkaam. vellathiloode oru vala valichidunnathiloode avaa canano aquarium dealermaaril ninnu vangano kazhiyum. taamasiyaathe malsyam muthirnnavarude athe bhakshanam kazhikkukayum vegathil valarukayum cheyyum.
endocrinology.
charmmatthinte niratthilulla mattangal niyanthrikkunnath thalachorile aazhathilulla photoriseptarukalaanu. kasherukkaliludaneelamulla vividha prakriyakalude foto aaktiveshanekkurichu manasilakkaan ithu valareyadhikam sambhavana cheythittundu-udaaharanathinu, seasonality ulppede.