vilyam alexander (pathrapravartthakanum ezhuthukaaranum)

oru scotish pathrapravartthakanum ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu vilyam alexander ell. ell. dii. (12 juun 1826-19 februvari 1894). addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya noval "johnny gib oof gushetnewk", 1840-kalil aberdeenshayarile oru grameena edavakayile saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya bandhangalude vyakthamaaya chithram varaykkunnu, scotish kirkkile thadassathinte pashchaathalatthil.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
oru kammaran karshakanumaya jaims alexanderinteyum (1789-1856) bhaarya aan vilsonudeyum (1802-1889) mootha makanaaya eberdeenshireile bennachiyude thaazhvarayilulla garioc chaappalilaan vilyam alexander janichathu. damhead, pitt capple krishiyidathilaanu addeham valarnnathu, koodaathe daviattile schoolil padichu. oru karshakanakan addeham uddeshichirunnuvenkilum irupathukalude thudakkathil oru apakadatthil oru call nashtappettathu aaa prateeksha avasaanippichu. sukham praapikkumbol addeham dhaaraalam vaayikkukayum svayam laattin padikkukayum hraswaroopam padikkukayum praadeshika aanukaalikangalkkaayi kavithakalum kathakalum ezhuthaan thudangukayum cheythu.
pathrapravartthanatthil currier.
1852-leeii sharathkaalathil "aberdeen free pras" enna pathratthinte reporter cheef clerk aayi jolie nalkia karshakan thathwachinthakanum saambathika shaasthranjanum pathradhiparumaaya vilyam mccombyude nirddeshaprakaaram eee samayat vadakkukizhakkan skotlandil thazhachuvalarnna paraspara prabodhana prasthaanatthinte sahaayathode alexander oru ezhuthukaaranaayi svayam sthaapichu. alexander oduvil mccombyude pingamiyaayi pathradhiparaayi maarukayum victorian skotlandile pramukha professional pathrapravartthakaril oralaayi maarukayum cheythu. raashtreeyamaayi addeham oru samoolavaadiyaayirunnu, bhooparishkaranatheyum paarambarya aanukoolyangal nirthalaakkunnathineyum airish aabhyantharabharanatheyum pinthunaykkunnu. addehathinte rachanakal aberdeenshayarile krishikkaareyum cherukida karshakareyum prothsaahippichu.
alexanderude aadyathe ganyamaaya pathrapravarthanam 1852 desember 31 nuu scotland gasattinte vadakku ninnu aarambhich adutha varsham desember vare "aberdeen free pras" ll thudarnna "aberdeenshayarile grameena jeevithathinte rekhaachitrangal" enna thalakkettilulla oru parambarayaayirunnu.
1865 juunil aberdeenshareil ethiya "rinderpest" enna kannukaali rogathekkurichulla addehathinte asraanthamaaya reporting athinte vyaapanam parimithappeduthunnathinu phalapradamaaya praadeshika nadapadikal vikasippikkaan sahayichu.
1886-ll "aberdeen free pras"-ll prasidheekaricha "aberdeenshire krofttar" ennathinekkurichulla alexanderude lekhanangalude parambara, scotish land refom alayans (slra) croftezhs holding billile vyavasthakal aberdeenshayarilekkum mattu vadakkukizhakkan kaundikalilekkum vyapippikkunnathinulla prachaaranatthe pinthunachukondu ezhuthappettu.
abardin swatantra maadyama" thinte udamakalkkidayil rashtreeya samgharshangal udaleduthu. dinapathraswaathanthrya pathratthinte" edittaraaya alexanderinte ilaya sahodaran henry airish chodyathil oru liberal-unionist nilapad sweekarikkukayum sahodaranmaar kadutha vimukhathayilaakukayum cheythu.
alexander thante pravartthanangalude amgeekaaramaayi instittyoott oof journalistukalude vais presidentaayi niyamikkapettu.
fiction.
vishalamaaya prameya shreniyilum ganyamaaya vaividhyamaarnna shailiyilumulla vipulamaaya novalistaayirunnu alexander, oru attathu karkkashamaaya yaadhaarthyam muthal maruvashathu soumyamaaya saamoohika komadi vare. addehathinte kruthikal janapriya pathrangalil seeriyalaayi prasidheekarikkappettu. oru prasidheekarana vahanamenna nilayil addeham bodhapoorvam pusthakam ozhivaakki. pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil central aberdeenshayarile thaazhnna pradeshangalile skottukalude shabda samvidaanam ariyikkaan shramicha oru oorthograafiyilaanu addehathinte kathaapaathrangalude prasangam avatharippichathu. vilyam donaldson addehathe yaadhaarthyavaada paarambaryatthil ulppeduthiyittundu.
1853ll aberdeen free pressil "aberdeen free pras" enna peril "skechukal oof rural life inn aberdeenshire" enna parambara prasidheekarikkappettu. 1855ll "penni free pras" enna prasidheekaranathil "peettar grandiyude aadhikaarika charithram" prasidheekarikkappettu, ithu oru scotish pathratthil prasidheekarikkunnathina prathyekamaayi ezhuthiya aadyakaala saahitya novalaanu. 1865ll "dhii laired oof dramocdyle", 1867ll "ravenshoy athile thaamasakkaarum", 1869ll "johnny gib oof gushetnewk" enniva pinthudarnnu.
"1865ll aazhchayil randuthavana pathram vannathinu thottupinnaale "aberdeen free pras" enna pathratthinte chovvazhcha pathippil "dhii laired oof dramocdyle aandu hiss kandamparettezhs" seeriyalaayi prasidheekarikkappettu. ithu valarnnuvarunna muthalaalitha boorshwasi parambaraagatha varenyarude prathinidhikale nasippikkunna adhikara bandhangalekkurichulla oru padanamaanu. skotlandinte valarnnuvarunna madyanirmmaana, vaattiyedukkal vyavasaayangalude saamoohika prathyaaghaathangalekkurichallu athinte chithreekaranam alexanderinte shaantatha prasthaanathodulla sahathapathe prathifalippikkunnu.
"1869 septambar septambar 1870 desember desember idayil aberdeen free pressil oru seeriyalaayi johnny gib oof gushetnewk aadyamaayi prasidheekarichu. 1871ll aberdeenil pusthaka roopathil prasidheekarichu. vilyam donaldson vaadichathu athu swathaanennum athil ninnu ozhukunna adhikara durviniyogam novalinte aathyanthika aashankayaanennum. samakaalika saamoohikavum raashtreeyavumaaya pooraattatthil veroonniya grameena skotlandinekkurichulla kadutha janaadhipathya novalaayi iyaan carter ithine visheshippichu."
alexanderude pilkkala cherukathakal, "merii malcolmsons vee maagi", "boubi hyooyude baastaart geett", "francy heregeriyude sharger laddy", "kooppar sandy", "life amanging mye ainn phokku" (1875) ennee parambarakal, kottaarukal, thozhilaallikal, cherukida vaadakakkaar ennivarude saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya maattatthinte kadinamaaya prathyaaghaathangal kaanikkunnu.
addehathinte avasaanathe samboornna novalaaya "mye ankil dhii bailey" (1876) 1876 desember 2 num 1877 meyy 15 num idayil aberdeente "herald aandu veekkili free pras" ll seeriyalaayi prasidheekarikkappettu. 1840 muthal 1870 vare chaaraniratthilulla nagaratthile (nerttha vesham dharicha aberdeen) burg raashtreeyathe kaikaaryam cheiyunna ithu pouragunatthinte victorian aadarshathil manjappitham niranja shradha cheluthunnu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
antharicha pithaavinte yuvakudumbathe pinthunaykkunnathinte utharavaaditham ettedutha alexander 1867 meyy 22 nuu naalppathiyonnaam vayassil school adthyaapika aan allane vivaham kazhichu. avarkk kuttikalundaayirunnil. 
eberdeen sarvakalashaala vilyaminu oonarari doctor oof loow birudam nalkukayum aberdeenile 3 belvider streettile addehathinte veettil addehathinte oormmaykkaayi oru phalakam undaayirikkukayum cheythu.
addehathinte vamshaparambarayum kudumbacharitravum "alexandezhs oof borty, <aii. dii. 1>" enna prasidheekaranathil prasidheekarichittundu.
addeham thante avasana varshangalil abardeenil 3 belvider theruvilaan thaamasichathu.
addeham 1894 februvari februvari marikkukayum aberdeenile nelfield semitheriyil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu. pradhana vadakke praveshana kavaadatthil ninnu adhikam akaleyallaatha kizhakke mathililaanu shavakudeeram sthithi cheiyunnathu.

