
jayy raitt (kavi)

oru kaviyum naadakakrithum upanyasakanumaanu jayy raitt (jananam meyy 25,1935). nyoo meksikkoyile albukkarkkil janicha addeham vermontile bradfordilaanu thaamasikkunnath. addehathinte rachanakal addehathinte thalamurayile mattu american kavikaleppole parakke ariyappedunnillenkilum, chilar raittinte kavithakale walt vaitmaan tii. yude kruthikalumaayi thaarathamyam cheythukondu ithinu ganyamaaya niroopaka prashamsa labhichu. ezz. eliyattum hart crain. mattullavar raittine aafrikkan-american kavikalaaya roobert haydon, melvin bii ennivarumaayi bandhappeduthunnu. tolson, thante prameyathinteyum bhaashayudeyum sankeernathayum, addehathinte kruthikalude upayogavum paashchaathya saahitya paithrukathinte parivartthanavum kaaranam. aafrikkan, europian, thaddesheeya american, laattin american samskaarangalude gadakangal ulkkollunnathinaal gayanese-britiish ezhuthukaaranaaya vilson harris "cross-kalcharal imaajineshan" ennu visheshippichathinte prathinidhiyaan raittinte kruthikal. 2005ll kavithaykkulla bollingen sammanam labhichathinethudarnnu, 21-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil kavithaykku nalkia pradhana sambhaavakaril oralaayi raitt amgeekarikkappedunnu. daant micheox raittine "jeevichirikkunna ettavum mikacha american kavi" ennu visheshippichu."
jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
raittinte kudumba uthbhavam addehathinte saahitya kruthikalude bahu saamskaarika swabhaavathinte pratheekamaanu. addehathinte amma leona dayley virjeeniyayil janikkukayum aafrikkan, thaddesheeya american vamsajarum undaayirunnu, athesamayam addehathinte pithaav jorjju marfi allengil mersor marfi raitt, addeham ariyappettirunnathupole, aafrikkan, cheroki, airish verukal avakaashappedunnu. nirmmaanam, jitni oodikkal, handimaanaayi jolie cheyyal enniva ulppede vividha blue collar jolikal marfi kaikaaryam cheythirunnu. ennirunnaalum, aalbukkarkkile valarthumriga paricharanatthil valarnna raitt kaumaarapraayatthil pithavinoppam thamasikkaan kaaliforniyayile saan pedroilekku thamasam maari.
haiskoolil padikkumbol raitt baas vaayikkaan thudangi, thonnoorukalude avasaanathil neel ardity addehathe kandumuttiyappol, raitt oru jaas baas vaadakanaayi prakadanam nadathukayaayirunnu. budhanaazhcha ratri praarthanaa yogam", "billiyude blues", "postlantinte irupathirandu virayalukal" thudangiya kavithakalil jaas samgeetham raittinte srishtikaleyum soundaryatheyum vividha reethikalil ariyikkunnu. oru jaas baasttudan enna nilayilulla kaviyude anubhavam "oru vamseeya swapnathinte avasaanam" enna kavithayil paraamarsikkunnu "ente vaayil sigaratt/ente thalachorile kumilakal panchar cheyyuka. / ente baas oru nalla furniture kashanam. / ente viralukal mriduvaaya, randaam nira haalukalil thikkilum therikalum undakkaan kazhiyaathavidham mriduvaayava."
oru cheruppakkaaran enna nilayil, raitt minor-leag baseball kalichu, rund seasonukalilaayi 76 geyimukalil (1953-1954) arizona-texas leagile meksikkaali kazhukanmarkkum california leagile fresno kardhinaalmaarkkumoppam prathyakshappettu. 1954ll raitt thante baseball jeevitam upekshichu yuu. esil sevanamanushtichu.ezz. 1957 vare germmaniyile armi medical corpsinu europile pala raajyangalilum sanjarikkaan kazhinju.
europil ninnu madangiyethiya sesham, berkleyile california sarvakalaashaalayilum ratjezhs sarvakalaashaalayilum thaarathamya saahityam padichu. 1961ll berkleyil ninnu bii. eiii. yum 1967ll ratjezhsil ninnu emm. eiii. yum nedi. 1964ll meksikkoyile gwadalajarayile buttler instittyoottil oru varshathekku addeham engleesh, madhyakala charithram padippichu. eee anubhavathinu sesham, addeham emm. eiii poortthiyaakki phdyil jolie aarambikkaan ratgezhsilekku madangiyenkilum doctoral birudam poortthiyaakkunnathinu munbu addeham pinmari.
ratjezhsile vidyaarthiyenna nilayil, raitt harlemil thaamasichu, avide black arts prasthaanavumaayi (baam) bandhapetta aafrikkan-american ezhuthukaaraaya laari neel, leroy johns, henry dumas ennivare kandumutty. marananantharamaayi prasidheekaricha dumas kavita samahaaram, "play ebony, play aanakkomba kavita" ennivayude aamukham raitt pinneedu ezhuthi. black arts prasthaanatthile amgamaayi raittine visheshippichittundu, ennirunnaalum prasthaanathinaayi samarppichirikkunna oru monographylaanu grouppumaayi bandhappett raittinte aadya pusthakamaaya "dhii homecoming singer" charcha cheiyunnathu. vaasthavathil, "veettilekku madangivarunna gaayakan" ennathil ninnulla raittinte kavita "idiattikkum politikkalum", black arts prasthaanatthinte sthaapakanaaya leroy jonsine (pinneedu aamiri baraca) nerittu abhisambodhana cheythukondu "baamil ninnulla swaathanthryathinte oru vertual prakhyapanam" ennu vaayikkappettittund.
varshangalayi raitt yaale sarvakalaashaalayilum dundy sarvakalaashaalayilum charitraparamaayi karuthavarggakkaaraaya kolejukalilum talladega koleju, tagaloo koleju, texas sathen yooniversitti thudangiya sarvakalaashaalakalilum kavi aayirunnu.
kavita.
1967ll kavi pathrangal prasidheekaricha 15 kavithakal adangiya "charithramenna nilayil maranam" enna 22 pejulla chapbook aayirunnu raittinte aadya prasidheekaranam. eee samahaaram orikkalum veendum prasidheekarichittille, chila kavithakal raittinte aadyathe poornna dairkhyamulla pusthakamaaya 'dhii homecoming singer' ll ulppeduthiyittundu. oru ekeekritha kruthiyaayittalla, marichu "thante kayyilullathil ninnu thiranjeduttha kavithakalude oru koottam" enna nilaykkaanennu paranju raitt thanne achadi pusthakam nirasichu. pusthakam prasidheekarikkunna samayat, vudro vilson-naashanal endovement oof dhii arts prograaminaayi thekk karutha skoolukalil oru paryadanatthil raitt jolie cheythirunnu, carolin kisar oru kavithasamaharam kaivasham vaykkanamennu karuthi; athinaal, kavikalude pathrangalude diane diprimaykkoppam pusthakam prasidheekarikkaan avar addehathe sahayichu. veettilekku madangivarunna gaayakan" ennathil veendum prasidheekarikkappedaathu kavithakalil, bhasha, prathichaaya, samvedanakshamatha enniva romaantik swabhaavamullathum parambaraagathavumaanennu visheshippichittundu. ennirunnaalum, eee samahaarathile mattu kavithakalil, mathaparamaya anubhavathodulla avarude ashankayum aafrikkan puraanangaludeyum mathathinteyum paryaveshanavumaayi bandhappett niravadhi varshangalkk sesham prasidheekaricha kavithakalil kaanappedunnathil ninnu swaravum sailiyum vishayavasthukkalum vyathyasthamalla.
1971ll raittinte aadyathe poornna dairkhya kavita samahaaramaaya "dhii homecoming singer" corinth pras prasidheekarichu. veettilekku madangivarunna gaayakan", "oru vamseeya swapnathinte avasaanam", "maadisan kaundiyilekkulla kshanam" ennivayulppedeyulla kavithakal eee pusthakatthil ulppedunnu. eee pusthakatthil, raitt "bhoothakaalatheyum varthamaanakaalatheyum bandhippikkaan sramikkukayum aathmacharithraparamaaya vyakthithvathinte aathmeeyavum vaikaarikavum boudhikavumaaya valarchayude pashchaathalamaayi bhoomishaasthraparamaaya krameekaranangal upayogichu samoohathil ninno vyakthiparamaaya swathuathil ninno ozhivaakkappedunna vikaarangale dhyanikkukayum cheiyunnu."budhanaazhcha ratri praarthanaa yogam" enna vaalyam thurakkunna kavithayil, kavithayil vivarichirikkunna ramgathil ninnu kooduthalum akannupookukayum pinneedu virodhaabhaasamaayi "oru karutha palliyil manushyan daivavum thammilulla anishchithathvavum anishchithathvavumulla ettumuttalinte" bhagamaakukayum cheiyunna oru aakhyaathaavu undu.". sabhakalude kristhumathatthe africanakki maattunnathil velippedunna parambaraagatha mathathodulla avyakthavum chodyam cheiyunnathumaaya oru manobhaavam eee kavita soochippikkunnu "avar avarude ratri adachu/avarkk ethra urappodeyaanu kazhiyuka,/oru daivathinaayulla avarude swaathanthryam maattaan thayyaaralla."" "veettilekku madangivarunna gaayakan" "enna gaanathinu anukoolamaaya vimarsanangal labhichathode raitt udan thanne oru pradhana shabdamaayi amgeekarikkappettu". "newyork times ithine" "pirimurukkavum avismaraneeyavumaaya oru shekharam" "ennu prashamsichu, athil oru swatantra karutha shabdam thedi raitt" "prasnakaramaaya badalukalil idam nedunnu". " ennirunnaalum, raittinte pilkkala kruthikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, eee pusthakatthinte prameyangale "parambaraagatha" ennu visheshippichittundu.
charitramaayi maranam", "" veettilekku madangivarunna gaayakan "(koodaathe" soothseyezhs aandu shakunangalude "chila bhagangal) ennivaykku sesham raittinte kruthiyil disha maattanamenn chila vimarshakar vaadikkumbol, mattullavar pakaram kaviyude kruthiyil thudarchayum aikyavum kandethunnu. raittinte munkaala kavithakal "arupathukalile kalapa manobhavavumaayi" kooduthal aduthu yojikkunnuvennu daarril picni vaadichu, prathyekichu "maranam charitramaayi", "raashtreeyakkaaranaaya manushyanodulla apeksha" ennivaye paraamarsikkunnu. selected poyments oof jayy raitt" enna valyathekkurichulla thante avalokanathil kavi roobert bii. pilkkala kavithakalude nigoodamaaya budhimuttinum kaadinyathinum vipareethamaayi, oraalkk "munbathe kavithakal kurachu chodyangalode" sweekarikkaam (aaswadikkaam) ennu paranjukondu shhaa munbathe vaalyangale kaviyude pilkkala kruthikalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthunnu. chaals echu. veettilekku madangivarunna gaayakan" enna kruthiyileyum "soothseyezhs aandu oomens" enna kruthiyude randaam bhaagathileyum kavithakale vyakthiparavum aathmakathaaparavumaaya anubhavathil shradha kendreekarikkunna kuttasammatham kavithayumayi rowell bandhappeduthunnu, pilkkala kavithakalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, athu vyakthiparamallathathum jeevithaanubhavathekkaal pusthakangalilum paandithyatthilum kooduthal adhishtithavumaanennu addeham visheshippikkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, raittinte aadyathe anchu kavita vaalyangal, "charithramenna nilayil maranam" muthal "komayude eratta kandupidutham" vare, jerald barrax oru prameyaparavum saankethikavumaaya aikyam kaanunnu, eee pusthakangale "vishayam, vishayam, swaram, saankethikatha ennivayil shradheyamaayi ekeekrithavum sthirathayullathum aayathinal avayellaam orotta kruthiyaayirikkaam."theerchayaayum," "vishadeekaranangal/vyaakhyaanangal" "vareyulla (nirasikkapetta chapbook" "charithram enna nilayil maranam" "ozhike) addehathinte pusthakangal ellah pirimurukkangalum prameyangalum ulla oru ekeekrithavum kramappeduthiyathumaaya parambara, naadakeeyamaaya prakriyayaan ennu raitt thanne nirddeshichittundu".koodaathe, 2007-leeii" "dhii guide science book vann, book tuu" "ennivayude puram puram koppi soochippikkunnathu aaa vaalyavum" "traansfigareshanukal shekharicha kavithakal" "ennathil orumichu konduvanna ettu vaalyangalum orotta kruthiyaayi vaayikkanam ennaanu".

