
bohyornithidae

chainayile aadyakaala cretatius kaalaghattatthile aadyakaala kollakkaarude oru koottamaanu bohyornithidae. ariyappedunna ellah maathrkakalum varunnath jiufotang roopeekaranathil ninnum yixian roopeekaranathil ninnumaanu, ithu aadyakaala aptian yugathil, 125-120 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbullathaanu. 2014 ll wang sahapravarthakarum chernnu enanciornitian pakshikalude oru kudumbamaayi bohyornithidae aadyamaayi roopeekarichu. "bohyornis gui", "shenkiornis mengi" ennee enangalude pothuvaaya poorvvikarude pingaamikal roopeekaricha swaabhaavika groupaayi avar ithine nirvachichu.
vivaranam.
mikka enaanshyornidhiyanmaarkkum samaanamaayi, aadhunika pakshikaleppole bohyornithidukalkku kokkinupakaram pallukalundaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum pallukalude ghadana kaaranam mattu enaantiyornidhiyanmaaril ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum. avarude pallukal valuthum karuthuttathum oru paridhivare konaakrithiyilullathumaayirunu, pakshe moorchayulla nurungukal pinnilekku valanjirunnu. premaxillayude aadya kurachu pallukal mattu pallukale apekshichu cheruthaanu, ennaal wayinte munvashathulla mattu pallukal pinbhaagathekkaal valuthaanu.
bohyornithidukalkku laattaral trabecula (sternathinte pinn attathu neelamullathum nertthathumaaya asthi projectionukal) undaayirunnu, avaa pinnott mathramalla puratthekku koodi vyaapichirunnu. mattu enanciornithiansile tapering tippukalkk vipareethamaayi, farkulayude (vishbone) oro shaakhayudeyum agrangal vishalavum bohyornithidukalil vrithaakruthiyilullathumaanu. avarude scapula (tholinte bladeukal) cheruthaayi thaazhekku valayukayum oru convex topp edj konkevu lover edj srishtikkukayum cheythu. bohyornithidukalilum kramena kuranjuvarunna pygostyles undaayirunnu. oru bohyornithidinte randaamathe (ettavum ullile) kaalviralukal mattu kaalviralukalekkaal kattiyullavayayirunnu, athesamayam moonnaamathe (madhya) kaalviralukal neelamullathum nertthathum kaalviralukalude nakhangal ellaam valare neelamullathum valanjathumaayirunnu.
praayapoorthiyaaya mikka bohyornithidukalum valippathilum roopathilum parasparam saamyamullavayaayirikkum, koodaathe kudumbatthinu deerghakaalathe longipterigidukal polulla mattu chila enanciornitian grouppukalude deerghaayussum shaareerika vaividhyavum illaayirunnu. praayapoorthiyaayennu vishwasikkappedunna bohyornithidukalude oreyoru maathrkakal ("shouronisinte" holotype "bohayornisinte" paraamarshicha maathrkayum) ettavum valia maathrkakalumaanu, avaa oru praavinte valippamullavayayirunnu, ithu "pengornis", "siangornis" enniva ozhikeyulla mattu jehol enaanshyornidhiyansinekkal valare valuthaanu. ettavum cheruthum ettavum ilayavumaaya bohyornithid maathrkakalkku ettavum valiyavayude pakuthiyolam valippamundaayirunnu.
pala bohyornithidukalum thoovalukal samrakshikkunnathayi kandethiyittundu, chilathinu neelamullathum riban polullathumaaya oru jodi wall thoovalukal undaayirunnu, agrangalil maathram baarbukal undaayirunnu. eee prathyeka thoovalukal pala enanciornitian maathrkakalil (athupole "confuciasornis") ariyappedunnu, ithu laingika dviroopathayude oru udaaharanamaayirikkaam, oru speesheesile purusha amgangal pranayaprasangam pradarshippikkunnathin thoovalukal upayogikkunnu. 2017ll vivaricha oru anishchithathvamulla bohyornithidinte praayapoortthiyaayavarude maathruka thalayudeyum shareerathinteyum vividha bhaagangalil thoovalukal samrakshikkukayum avaa vishakalanam cheyyukayum jeevithathil prakaashamayamaanennu nischayikkukayum cheythu.
palio ekkolaji.
bohyornis" ennathinte oru muthirnna maathruka vayarile pradeshathu kendreekarichirikkunna niravadhi paarakalode samrakshikkappettu. pakshikaludeyum mattu mrugangaludeyum vayattile parakal sasyavasthukkalude dahanathinu sahaayikkunnathin vizhungunna gastrolithukalaanenne palappozhum vishwasikkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee maathruka vizhungunna parakal mikka gastrolithukalekkaalum valare valuthum parukkan ennathil kuravumaanu, sasyabhukkukal vizhungunna athe aavashyathinaayi upayogikkaan saadhyathayilla. pakaram, dahananaalathe vrithiyaakkaan sahaayikkunnathinaan avaa vizhungiyathennu nirddeshikkappettittund, ithu erapidiyulla jeevanulla pakshikalilum pinnipedukal polulla uyarnna kozhuppu bhakshanamulla mattu mamsabhojikalaaya mrugangalilum report cheyyappettittund. eee maathrkayude vivaranam "bohyornikal" paaristhithikamaayi erapidiyan pakshikalumayi saamyamullathaanennu vishwasaneeyavum ennaal anishchithathvavumaanennu avakashappettu.
ennirunnaalum, eee parakal pinneedu dhaatu konkreeshanukalaanennu kandethi, orupakshe phoosil maathrkayude athe dhaathuyil ninnaan ithu roopappettathu. athinaal, avaa bhakshanakramathe soochippikkunnilla.
bohyornithidukalkku vrikshajanthujaalangalil ninnum bhouma pakshikalil ninnum pratheekshichirunna paada anupaathangalundaayirumnu avayude neelamulla nakhangal bhouma sheelangal asaadhyamaakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, aadhunika pakshikale maratthinte thumbukalil kayaran kayaran anuvadikkunna niravadhi prathyeka call savisheshathakal bohyornithidukalkku illaayirunnu. aadhunika erapidiyan pakshikalil neelamulla nakhangal ariyappedunnundengilum, pernine upakudumbathile amgangal ozhikeyulla mikka raaptarukalil ninnum vyathyasthamaaya hrasvamaaya tarsometarsalukal (kanankaalinte asthikal) bohyornithidukalkku undaayirunnu.
erapidiyan pakshikalil, bohyornithidukalkku kaalukalude anupatham oospreysumaayi saamyamullathaan, athinaal avaa mathsyabhakshanamullavayaanenne sangalppikkaavunnathaanu. ennirunnaalum, avarude pallukal kadinamaaya shell cheytha jeevikalude bhakshanathe soochippikkunnu.
vargeekaranam.
vaanginteyum mattullavarudeyum phylogenetic vishakalanathil chuvadeyulla cladogram kandethi."2014, athu thanne ooo 'konarinteyum mattullavarudeyum update cheytha pathippaayirunnu."2013. 262 roopaghadanayude swabhaavasavisheshathakale adisthaanamaakki score cheytha 56 eaviyaan taxa ulppedunna oru daatta maatriksine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu cladogram.
wang "thudangiyava."2016-ll" "lineornis" "ennathinte vivaranathil phylogenetic vishakalanam veendum upayogichu. eee patanam soochippikkunnathu munbu ariyappettirunna bohyornithid taxa" "lineornis", "" "fortungwavis" "ennivayulla oru poolittami roopeekarichathaayi soochippikkunnu, ithu eee rund janussukalum kudumbatthinte udaaharanangalaakaanulla saadhyathaye pinthunaykkunnu, ennirunnaalum" "fortungwavis" "phylogeneticalaayi sthaapikkaan kuprasidhamaanu".