
alexander darnes

alexander haansan darnus (-februvari 11,1894) floridayile jaaksanvilleyile aadyathe aafrikkan-american vaidyan samsthaanathe randaamathethumaayirunnu. adimathathil janichathu sent. floridayile augustin, oru cheruppakkaaranaayirikke addeham thante udamayaaya jadji joseph liie smithinte makan edmund kirbi smithinte velakkaranaayi sevanamanushtichu. american sainyathil sevanamanushtikkumbol darnus smithinoppam texassilake pooyi. aabhyantharayudhakaalathu, oru konfedarettu generalayi smith command cheythu.
yudhathinum adimakalude vimochanathinum sesham, kirbi smithinte mootha sahodariyaaya frances smith webstarinte sahaayathode darnus vidyaabhyaasam nedi. darness pensylvaniayile linkon sarvakalashaalayil ninnu birudavum 1880-ll howard sarvakalashaalayil ninnu medical birudavum nedi. addeham floridayilekku madangukayum jaaksanvilleyil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum avide oru practies aarambikkukayum cheythu. 1888ll janasamkhyayude pakuthiyum nagaram vittupoyappol, bhayanakamaaya manjappani pakarchavyaadhiyude samayat darnus thaamasakkaare sevichu. darness nannayi bahumanikkappettu, freemesonukalude oru udyogasthanum moundu siyoon amay palliyile amgavumaayirunnu. nagaracharithratthile athuvare ettavum valia shavasamskaarachadangil karuppum veluppum niratthilulla ekadesham 3,000 perr pankedutthu.
2004ll "nagaratthile puthranmaar" enna peril oru prathima seekvi-kirbi smith hausil sthaapichu, athil darness kirbi smith pilkkala jeevithathil muthirnnavarayi kaanikkunnu darness doctor smith professor. oru aafrikkan amerikkakkaarane aadarikkunna jaaksanvilleyile aadyathe pothu kalaaroopamaayirunnu ithu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
alexander echu. darness adimathathil janichathu sent. augustin, florida. mishra vamshathilppetta addeham veettile veettujolikkaranum perillaattha pithavumaaya violet pinkniyude makanaayirunnu. 12 eavails streettile segui-kirbi smith house ennariyappedunna jadjiyaya joseph liie smithinum frances kirbi smithinum adhehathinum ammaykkum udamasthathayundaayirunnu.
sent edutha phottokal. augustin historikkal sosaitti darnessine addehathinte pilkkala udamayum konfedarettu janaralaayitheernna smith kudumbatthile ettavum ilaya makanumaaya edmund kirbi smithineyum kaanikkunnu. smithinte cherumakal, 2004ll eee rund purushanmaarudeyum prathima srishticha shilpiyum maria juliana kirbi-smith, darnessinu ardhasahodarano anantharavano enna nilayil smithumaayi bandhamundennu thaan vishwasikkunnuvennu paranju. avarude photokalekkurichulla padanavum prathimakalekkurichulla vishadamaaya pravartthanavum rund purushanmaarudeyum adutha shaareerika saamyam avale bodhavaanmaraakki.
1855-ll ekadesham 15-aamm vayassil, darnessine edmund kirbi smithinte swakaarya velakkaranaayi niyamichu; kudumbatthile ettavum ilaya makanaaya smith 16 vayass moothavanum appozhekkum yunaittad stetts sainyathile captanumaayirunnu. darnus padinjaaran pradeshangalile paryadanangalil smithine anugamikkukayum aabhyantharayudhakaalathu smith konfedarasiyude generalaayirikke addehathe sevikkunnath thudarukayum cheythu.
thekk paraajayathinum adimakalude vimochanathinum sesham daarnukal vidyaabhyaasam nedi. (general kirbi smithinte mootha sahodariyaaya frances smith webstar addehathe saambathikamaayi sahayichu. 1853ll maricha vermontil ninnulla us armi offeesaraaya lucian bonapart webstarinte vidhavayaayirunnu avar. connectikkattil janicha smith webstar aabhyantharayudhasamayathu unionodulla vishwasthatha nilanirtthi.) thayyaareduppukalkku sesham, darness 1854 ll pensylvaniayil sthaapithamaaya charitraparamaayi karuthavarggakkaaranaaya kolejaaya linkon sarvakalashaalayil chernnu. aabhyantharayudhathinusham washingtonil sthaapithamaaya oru karutha kolejaaya howard yooniversittiyile medical schoolil darness chernnu.sii. 1880ll addeham medical birudam nedi.
currier.
medical school kazhinju darnus floridayilekku madangukayum jaaksanvilleyil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum avide addeham oru swakaarya medical practies sthaapikkukayum cheythu. nagaratthile aadyathe karuthavarggakkaaranaaya vaidyan samsthaanathe randaamathe doktarumaayirunnu addeham. darness ooshyan streettile thante veettil ninnu pravartthikkunna oru abhivridhi praapikkunna reethi nirmmikkukayum samoohathinte oru sthambhamaayi maarukayum cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil jaaksanvilleye baadhicha vasuri, manjappani pakarchavyaadhikal ennivaykkide addeham nadatthiya pravarthanangalkku addeham prashamsa nedi. 1888 venalkkaalath jaaksanvilleyil ethiya thekk bhaagathe vinashakaramaaya manjappani pakarchavyaadhiyaaya aii. dii. 1 ithil ulppedunnu. rogam engane pakarnnuvennu manassilakaathe, nagaratthil ninnu palayanam cheyyaan kazhiyunna mikkavarum ellaavarum-nagaratthile 25,000 janasamkhyayude pakuthiyolam. daarnukal tanikku kazhiyunnathra mikachavare sahayikkaan thaamasichu. addehathinte suhruthum howard medical school poorvva vidyaarthiyumaaya lemuval dablyu addehathe sahayichu. livingstan.
darnessine freemasonukalaayi sweekarikkukayum praadeshika mesonic kshethrathil amgamaakukayum oru praadhaanya sthaanathekku uyarukayum cheythu. addeham floridayile deputy grand maastarum washingtonile royal aarch chaapttarinte hye preestum aayi.sii. emm. tii. yilum addeham amgamaayirunnu. american aikyanaadukalile aadyathe swatantra karutha vibhagamaaya siyoon aafrikkan methadist episcopal charchu (amay). pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil pensylvaniayile philadelphiyayil swatantra karuthavarggakkaaraanu ithu sthaapichathu.
jaaksanvilleyil vachu, darnus kandumuttiyappol 10 vayassulla yuva jaims welden johnson sahodaran joonn rosemond johnson suhruthum upadeshtaavumaayi. neegro deseeyagaanam ennariyappedunna "liftt every voys aandu singh" ezhuthaanum rachikkanum sahodaranmaar pinneedu sahakarichu."eee reethiyil" enna thante aathmakadhayil jaims welden jonson darnessine snehapoorvvam paraamarsikkunnu.
darness 1894 februvariyil marichu. praadeshika pathratthile anushochanam anusarichu, jaaksanvilleyil ithuvare nadanna mattethoru shavasamskaarathekkaalum kooduthal, karuppum veluppum niratthilulla 3,000 perr addehathinte shavasamskaarathil pankedutthu.

