joou aan robinson

joou aan gibson robinson (epril 17,1912-august 29,1992) alabaamayile montgomeriyile pouraavakaasha prasthaanatthile oru pravartthakanum adthyaapakanumaayirunnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1912 epril 17 nuu jorjiyayile kulodanu sameepam joou aan gibson enna peril janicha avar panthrand makkalil ilayavalaayirunnu. oru phaam undaayirunna ooven boosttan, dolly web gibson ennivaraayirunnu avalude maathaapithaakkal. robinson 6 vayass maathramullappol avalude pithaav marichu. pithaavinte maranashesham robinson amayum mattu pathinonnu sahodarangalum jorjiyayile mconylake thamasam maari. robinson schoolil mikavu pulartthukayum biruda varshathil haiskoolil ninnu valedictorian nedukayum cheythu. fort vaali stettu collegil chernnu collegil ninnu birudam nedunna kudumbatthile aadya vyakthiyayi avar maari.
currier college.
1934ll fort vaali stettu collegil ninnu birudam nediya robinson, colleginu sesham mcconile oru public school adthyaapikayaayi, avidevechu wilber robinsonumaayi kurachukaalam vivaham kazhichu. anchu varshathinu sesham avar atlaantayilekku pooyi, avide avar oru emm nedi.eiii. atlaanta sarvakalashaalayil engleeshil. newyorkkile columbia sarvakalashaalayil ninnu birudaananthara birudam nediyathinusheshavum robinson vidyaabhyaasam thudarukayum engleesh patanam thudarukayum cheythu. taamasiyaathe avar merii aalan collegil padippikkaan pooyi. texacil padippicha sesham montgomeriyile alabama stettu collegil (ippol alabama stettu yooniversitti) avar oru sthaanam sweekarichu. dekstar avanyoo baptist palliyilum avar sajeevamaayirunnu.
vanita rashtreeya kaunsil (dablyu. pii. sii).
 moonnu varsham munbu merii fair burks sthaapicha vanita rashtreeya kaunsilil robinson chernna alabaamayile montgomariyilaayirunnu athu. aafrikkan amerikkakkaare avar sweekarikkaan vyavastha cheythirunna sharashari nilavaarathinu mukalilekku uyaran prachodippikkunnathinum, praayapoorthiyaakaatha kuttakrithyangalkkethire pooraadunnathinum, aafrikkan american samoohathil vottar rajistreshan vardhippikkunnathinum, oru groupenna nilayil avarude padavi mechappeduthunnathinum samarppichirikkunna oru samghadanayaayirunnu dablyupisi. pourakaaryangalil sthreekalude pankaalittham vikasippikkunnathilum aafrikkan amerikkakkaare vottu cheyyaan prolsaahippikkunnathum balaalsangathinu irayaaya sthreekale sahayikkunnathilum dablyu. pii. sii pravarthichu.
montgomery basukalile verthirikkal.
1949ll, basinte munvashathe "vellakkaar maathram" vibhaagathil irikkunnathinu oru buzz driver robinsone vaakkalulla reethiyil aakramichu. avalude munnil oraalkk 2 varikal ozhike vellakkaar mathramulla bhagam shoonyamaayirunnu. sambhavam vashalaakumenna bhayavum driver vaakkalulla adhikshepathil ninnu shaareerikamaayi maarumenna bhayavum moolam robinson buzz vittu. alabamayil buzz verthirikkunathinethire prathishedha bahishkarikkaan sramikkuka ennathaayirunnu sambhavathodulla avarude prathikaranam. ennirunnaalum, robinson thante kathayum nirddeshavumaayi saha dablyu. pii. sii amgangale sameepichappol, athu "montgomeriyile jeevithathile oru vastutha" aanennu avarodu paranju.1950 avasaanathode, avar dablyoopisiyude presidentaayi barkkukalil vijayikkukayum grouppinte sramangal basukalil shradha kendreekarikkaan sahayikkukayum cheythu, pothugathaagathatthil aafrikkan amerikkakkaarodulla perumaattatthe thurannuparayunna vimarsakayaayi. thante sramangal munnott kondupokunnathinaayi robinson vilyam eiii. yumayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. akkaalat montgomeriyude meyaraayirunnu gail. robinson sitti haalinte kaunsilumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathiyenkilum avarkk enthaanu parayaanullathenn avarkk thaalpparyamundaayirunnil. sitti haalile nethaakkalkku oru sahayavum illaathirunnappol, robinson karyangal swantham kaikalilekku edukkukayum veendum bahishkaranam samghadippikkukayum cheythu. 
buzz irippidathekkurichum drivermaare adhikshepikkunnathinekkum dablyupisi montgomery sitti commission parati nalki. drivermar maanyarayirikkumenna prathinjja, velutha pradeshangalil cheythathupole karutha ayalpakkangalile ellah konukalilum basukal nirthuka enniva ulppede chila elavukal avar nedi.
braun vezhsas" nuu sesham. vidyaabhyaasa board (1954), oru bahishkaranam varumennu robinson nagara meyare ariyichu. rossa paarkkinte arasttinu sesham, montgomery buzz bahishkarikkaan avar aaa nimisham upayogichu.
1955 desember 1 vyaazhazhcha, nilkkunna oru vellakkaranaaya yaathrakkaaran vazhiyorukkaan aval sanjarichirunna basinte karutha pradeshathe seettil ninnu marran visammathichathin rossa paarkkukale arast cheythu. pouraavakaasha samghaadakanaaya paarkkukal vellakkaraaya pouranmaaril ninnum adhikaarikalil ninnum prathikaranam ulavakkaan uddeshichirunnu. aaa ratri, paarkkukalude anumathiyode, montgomery buzz samvidaanam bahishkarikkanamenn aavasyappettu robinson 35,000 handbillukal mymography cheythu, alabama stettu koleju bisinus department chairman joonn kaananinteyum rund vidyaarthikaludeyum sahaayathode. bahishkaranathe palarum pinthunaykkukayum pooraadukayum cheythu. cheythu oru abhimukhathil, "bahishkaranathe kurachu aalukal pinthunachilla; 52,000 aalukal pinthunachu" ennu robinson choondikkaatti. adutha thinkalaazhcha maathramaan bahishkaranam aadyam aasoothranam cheythath. mattu sthalangalkkoppam velliyaazhcha uchathirinju amay siyonist purohitharude yogathil robinson laghulekhakal purathirakkukayum ell. aaa velliyaazhcha ratri nadakkunna oru yogathil pankedukkaanum bahishkaranathil pankedukkaan thangalude sabhakalodu abhyarthikkaanum rooy bennatt mattu manthrimarodu abhyarthichu. robinson, reverend ralph david abarnathi, avarude rund muthirnna vidyaarthikal, mattu dablyu. pii. sii amgangal ennivar annu uchathirinju school vidunna haiskool vidyaarthikalkku handbillukal kaimari.
ekadina bahishkaranatthinte vijayathin sesham, karutha pouranmaar bahishkaranam thudaraan theerumaanikkukayum avarude sramangalil shradha kendreekarikkunnathinaayi montgomery mechappeduthal association sthaapikkukayum cheythu. martin luther king juuniyar. presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu. robinson orikkalum eee groupil amgamaayilla. alabama samsthaanathe adthyaapaka sthaanam kaaranam montgomery improvement associationte audyogika sthaanam avar nirasichirunnu. avar athinte executive boardil sevanamanushtikkukayum raajaavinte abhyarthana maanich avarude warthacurip edittu cheyyukayum cheythu. thirasseelaykku pinnil, aafrikkan amerikkakkaare jolic kondupokaan robinson sahayichu. aval valare ulppettirunnathinaal rajaavu thante bahishkaranathekkurichulla oormmakkurippil shradhichu, swaathanthryathilekkulla munnettam. doow. robinsoninekkurichu rajaavu paranju, "prathyakshatthil akshamyamaaya, aval, orupakshe mattethoru vyakthiyekkaalum, ellah thalatthilumulla prathishedhatthilum sajeevamaayirunnu". alabama stettu kolejile thante sthaanam samrakshikkunnathinum sahapravarthakare samrakshikkunnathinum, robansan miyavinoppam uthsaahathode pravarthichenkilum manappoorvvam velichathu ninnu akannu. robinson mattu dablyu. pii. sii amgangalum bahishkarikkunnavarkk gathagatham nalkikkond bahishkaranam nilanirthaan sahayichu.
robinson niravadhi bheeshanikalude lakshyamayirunnu. robinson niravadhi thavana arastilaayittundu. 1956 februvariyil oru praadeshika police udyogasthan avalude veedinte janaalayiloode oru kallu erinju. randaazhchaykku sesham mattoru police udyogasthan avalude kaaril assid ozhichu. akramam valare moshamayathinaal bahishkaricha nethaakkalude veedukal samrakshikkaan alabama govarnor samsthaana policinode utharavittu. prathishedhakkaarude aavasyangal buzz kambani amgeekarichilla ennathinaal bahishkaranam oru varshathilere neenduninnu. 1956 desember desember federal jilla kodathi verthiricha irippidam bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennu karuthiyathode bahishkaranam avasaanichu. ennirunnaalum, robinson kadinamaayi pooraadukayum bahishkaranatthinte aathyanthika vijayathil valareyadhikam abhimaanikkukayum cheythu. thante oormmakkurippil robinson ezhuthi, "adichamarthappettathum ennaal dheeravumaaya oru janatha, avarude abhimaanavum antass avasarathinanusarichu uyarnnu, bhayam keezhadakki, neridendivanna ellah apakadangaleyum nerittu. pankeduttha naamellaavarum avasana vishramasthalathekku kondupookunna ettavum manoharamaaya oormmayaayirunnu bahishkaranamennathu."montgomery buzz bahishkaranam athinte vijayam kaaranam mattu prathishedhangale prachodippikkaan sahayichathinaal yadhaartha prateeksha nalkukayum emm. ell. keey prasamgicha ahimsayude praadhaanyathode niravadhi prathishedhangalilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. 1960-nte thudakkathil oru vidyaarthi kuthiyirippinu sesham, vidyaarthikale pinthunacha robinson mattu adhyaapakarum alabama stettu kolejile sthaanangal raajivachu. robinson alabama stettu koleju upekshichu aaa varsham montgomeriyil ninnu maari. louisianayile grambling collegil oru varsham padippicha avar pinneedu loss enjalsilekku maarukayum public school sanbradaayathil engleesh padippikkukayum cheythu. loss enchalsil praadeshika vanita samghadanakalil avar sajeevamaayi thudarnnu. 1976ll adthyaapanathil ninnu viramikkunnathuvare robinson laa skoolukalil padippichu. robinson vivechanathe shakthamayi ethirthu. prathishedhatthil pankedukkaanum poraadaanum robinson niravadhi yuvathikale prachodippichu. robinson paranju, "montgomery buzz bahishkaranatthinte vikasanathinu purusha, mantri aadipathyamulla neethrthwatheekkaal sthreekalude neethrthwathinu praadhaanyamilla."
montgomery buzz bahishkaranavum athu aarambhicha sthreekalum" enna robinsante ormmakkurippu david jeey edittu cheythu. 1987ll yooniversitti oof tennessi pras aanu garro prasidheekarichathu.
paarambaryamaayi.
2021ll jorjiyayile moonroo kaundiyil joou aan gibson robinsante janmasthalathinu jorjia historikkal sosaitti oru charitraparamaaya adayaalam sthaapichu.
2021 septambar 17 nuu alabama stettu yooniversitti board oof trasttikal oru residence haalinu robinsante peru nalkaan ekakandamaayi vottu cheythu. 2022 eaprililaanu naamakarana chadangu nadannathu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
robinson linkukalil amgamaayirunnu.
srothassukal.
abarnathi ralph david (1989), "aandu dhaa walls kumm tumbling daun", harper & roow, publishers, newyork peju 138 

