
maalinya nirmarjanam ink. superfund saitt

maalinya nirmarjanam ink. kaaliforniyayile loss enchals kaundiyile valare vyavasaayavalkkarikkappetta nagaramaya santa phee springsil ennayumaayi bandhapetta malinamaaya oru saittaan superfund saitt. ekadesham, saittinte vadakkukizhakkan moolayodu chernnulla sent polinte haiskool. santa phee neeruravakalile ekadesham 15,000 nivaasikalkk sittinullile kinarukalil ninnu kudivellam labhikkunnu.
charithram.
1924 nuu munbu asamskritha petroleum sambharikkunnathinaayi oru inn-graundu, konkreett lined reservoiraayi nirmmicha eee sthalam ekadesham 200 kilometer seshiyullathum ekadesham 200 kilometer vyaasamullathumaanu. 1929 aayappozhekkum raajyathe ettavum valia petroleum uthppannangalude ulppaadakar santa phee springs ennappaadamaayirunnu. kuthichuyarunna enna uthppaadanam draavakavum kharavumaaya roopathil valia alavil apakadakaramaaya enna upolppannangal srishtichu. eee sthalam pinneedu vividatharam draavaka, kharamaalinyangal sambharikkaan upayogichu, kaaranam maalinya nirmarjanam incorporated korppareshan aanu. (dablyu. dii. aii) oru vyaavasaayika maalinya landfill pravarthippikkaan loss enchals kaundiyil ninnu anumathi labhichu, athu 1964 vare thudarnnu. oayil drilling manal, nirmmaana avashishtangal, refinery maalinyangal, cheli, raasa layakangal, mattu petroleum anubandha rasavasthukkal enniva eee sthalathu neekkamcheyyunnu.
1987 joolaiyil apakadakaramaaya padaarthangal, malineekarana vasthukkal allengil malineekaranavasthukkal enniva ariyappedukayo bheeshanippeduthukayo cheiyunnathinu dablyu. dii. aii saitt deseeya munganana pattikayil (enn. pii. ell) ulppeduthi. 1988 november 11 nuu, ejansi phoor toxic mettans aandu disease registry (eiii. tii. ezz. dii. aarr) dablyu. dii. aii saittinte praadhamika aarogya vilayiruthal purathirakkukayum malinamaaya mannum bhugarbhajala gunanilavaara prashnangalum pothujanagalkk thurannukaattunnath kaaranam ithu pothujanaarogya aashankayaayi nirnnayikkukayum cheythu.
1989ll paristhithi samrakshana ejansi (iii. pii. eiii) prasidheekaricha vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna oru vilayiruthal malinamaaya manninte sanbarkkathilo malinamaaya shwasanathil ninnulla kudiyettatthilo thaamasikkunnavarude apakadasaadhyatha vilayiruthi. mannil sanbarkkam pulartthunna thaamasakkaarkk cancer allatha apakadasaadhyatha asveekaaryamaayi kanakkakkappedukayum parihara nadapadikal aavasyappedukayum cheythu. 11 lohangal, 7 chlorinated keedanashinikal, 16 asthira jaiva samyukthangal (vox), polyarometic hydrocarbonukal (paa), polychlorinated biphenals (pcbs) ennivayaanu mannile malineekaranavasthukkal. superfund allengil samagramaya paaristhithika prathikaranam, nashtapariharam, badhyatha niyamam (sercla) mannu, mannu vaathakam, bhoogarbhajalam ennivayil aaa malineekaranangalude saannidhyathin parihara nadapadikal aavasyamaanu.
1990leeii prarambha parihara anweshana (aarr. aii) reportinteyum 1993leeii saadhyataa padanathinteyum (eph. ezz) phalangale adisthaanamaakki, malinamaaya mannineyum uparithala vaathakatheyum abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinaayi epa paristhithi pariharangal thiranjedutthu. 2003ll yuu.ezz. neethinyaaya vakupum yuu. yumayullah iii. pii. eiii. yum.ezz. loss enjalsile jilla kodathi daiblyudi superfund saitt vrithiyaakkaan daiblyudi group ennariyappedunna 17 kambanikale aavasyappettu.
samoohathil aarogyaprasnangal.
1958 joolaiyil, aarogyaprasnangal kaaranam dablyu. dii. aii pravarthanangalkkethire saittin chuttumulla samooham oru group roopeekarichu. durgandham puranthallal praadhamika prashnamaayirunnu, ithu thaamasakkaarude mattu aarogya prasnangalumaayi bandhappettirunnu. amithamaya shabdavum podiyum praadeshika udyogasthar sthalavumaayi bandhappettirunnu. thekkan california sarvakalaashaalayude cancer nireekshana paripadi eee pradeshathu uyarnna cancer nirakk kaanichittilla. iii. pii. eiii. yude rii report innuvareyulla ettavum puthiyathum vipulavumaaya anweshanamaanu, saittinte savisheshathakal praadhamikamaayi athinte kandethalukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. 1989 novemberile anthima reportil eee sthalathu kandethiya malineekaranavasthukkalude vishadamaaya vivaranavum vishakalanavum adangiyirikkunnu. dablyu. dii. aii. yile malineekaranam mannu, bhoogarbhajalam, uparithala vaathakangal ennivayil nilanilkkunnu. ettavum prachaarathilulla uparithala vaathakamaanu meedhane, ithu reservoir pradeshathu ettavum kooduthal saandrata kaanikkunnu. uparithala vaathakathil asthira jaiva samyukthangalum (vox) kaanapedunnu. bhoogarbhajalathil vokkukalum paramavadhi malineekarana nilavaarathinu (emm. sii. ell.) mukalilulla saandrathayulla niravadhi lohangalum kaanapedunnu. praadhamika oonn-saitt mannu malineekaranathil kuzhikkunna chelikalum violile maalinyangalum ulppedunnu. eee maalinyangalude gadakangalil iva ulppedunnu
nilavile saahacharyangalil, malinamaaya uparithala mannumaayulla darmal sanbarkkavum kanangaludeyum volettailukaludeyum shwasanavum saadhyamaaya exposure pathakalil ulppedunnu. arsenic, taaliyam, benzene, keedanashinikal, pcbs, vinail chloride ennivayaanu ettavum kooduthal apakadasadhyathakal uyarthunnathu. nilavile exposure saahacharyangalkulla eee apakadasadhyathakal mikkavarum iii. pii. eyude sveekaaryamaaya paridhikkullil aanenkilum, avaa ippozhum saittinte bhaavi upayokthaakkalkk bheeshanikal srishtikkum.
koodaathe, california aarogya sevana vakupp (sii. dii. echu. ezz) 1999 ll thaamasakkarkkidayil nadatthiya aarogyaprashna sarway saittinte durgandhathekkurichum manushyarkk exposure cheiyunnathinekkurichum, prathyekichu sent. polinte vidyaarthikal. saittin thottaduthulla maitanath kalikkunna kuttikalkk polum dablyu. dii. aii saitt oru pradhana aarogyaprashnamaakaruthenn sii. dii. echu. ezz nirnnayichu.
parihara aaplikkeshan.
dablyu. dii. aii kararukar 2004 maarchil parihara nirmmaanam aarambhichu. athesamayam, nirmmaanatthinte melnottam vahikkaan us armi corps oof enchineeyarmaarumaayi epa karar oppittu. maalinyangal saittil sookshikkunnathinum mazhavellam, vaayu, bhoogarbhajalam ennivayiloodeyulla malineekaranatthinte kudiyettam thadayunnathinum malinamaaya mannumaayulla nerittulla manushya sanbarkkam niyanthrikkunnathinum parihara pravartthanangal nadathunnu. oonn-saitt malineekaranathinulla chikilsakal nadappilaakkunnathinekkaal malineekaranathil ninnu vyakthikaleyum paristhithiyeyum samrakshikkuka ennathaanu lakshyam. thiranjeduttha prathividhi deerghakaalaadisthaanathil manushyante aarogyathinum paristhithikkum samrakshanamaayi thudarumennu epa theerumaanikkunnu. eee samrakshana parihaaratthinte kanakkakkiya chelavu ekadesham $5,170,000 aanu. apakadasaadhyatha kuraykkunnathinulla chelavu nyaayamaayathaayi epa kanakkaakkukayum maalinyangalude kudiyettam thadayunnathiloode eee prathividhi apakadasadhyathakal ganyamaayi kuraykkumennu vishwasikkukayum cheiyunnu.
1993ll yuu. ezz. iii. pii. eiii. shupaarsha cheytha malinamaaya sthalathinte chikilsakal inipparayunna reethiyil samgrahikkunnu
2009 augustil purappeduvicha anchu varshathe avalokanathil, parihara nadapadikal vijayakaramaayi oonn-saitt maalinyangal ulppeduthiyittunde exposure pathakal thadanjuvennum epa nirnnayichu. 2014 septambaril puratthirakkiya randaamathe panchavatsara avalokana reportilum prathividhi samrakshanamaayi thudarunnuvennu prasthaavichu. malinamaaya mannumaayi nerittu sanbarkkam pularthunnathu thadayunnathinum eee prathividhi falapradamaanu. maalinyangal saittil avasheshikkukayum paridhiyillaattha upayogathinum aniyanthrithamaaya exposurinum daiblyudi anuvadikkaathathinaal adutha anchu varshathe avalokanam 2019 ll puratthirakkaan shedule cheythittundu.