
cherukida kosha arbudam

servics, prostettu, dahananaalangal thudangiya sareerabhaagangalil idaykkide ithu undakamenkilum shwaasakoshathinullil saadhaaranayaayi undaakunna valare marakamaaya oru tharam arbudamaanu small sell carcinoma. cheria koshamallatha carsinomayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, cheria kosha carsinomic erattippikkunnathinulla samayam kuravaanu, uyarnna valarchaa bhinnasamkhyayum mettaastesukalude munkaala vikasanavum undu.
vipulamaaya ghattathilulla cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudam oru apoorva rogamaayi tharamthirickunnu. pathuvarshatthe aapekshika athijeevana nirakk (parimithavum vipulavumaaya ezz. sii. ell. sii) 3.5 sathamaanamaanu; ennirunnaalum, sthreekalkku athijeevana nirakk 4.3 sathamaanavum purushanmaarkk 2.8 sathamaanavum kuravaanu. ghattam, praayam, lingam, vamsham ennivayulppedeyulla gadakangalude samyojanathe adisthaanamaakki athijeevanam kooduthalo kuravo aakam.
ezz. sii. ell. sii. yude tharangal.
cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudam valarekkaalamaayi "limittad steju" (els), "extensive steju" (ezz) enningane rund clinicopathylogical ghattangalayi thirichirikkunnu. mettaastesukalude saannidhyam allengil abhavam, tumour thoraxil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyittundu illayo, nenchinullile muzhuvan tumour bharavum orotta radiotherapy portalinullil ulkkollaan kazhiyumo illayo ennathine adisthaanamaakkiyaanu ghattam saadhaaranayaayi nirnnayikkunnath. pothuve, tumour oru shwaasakoshathilum aaa shwaasakoshathinaduthulla lymph nodukalilum parimithappeduthukayaanel, cancer els aanennu parayappedunnu. athinappuram kyaansar padarnnittundenkil athu ezz ennaanu parayappedunnathu.
els-sclc.
els-sclcyude kesukalil, kompineshan chemotherapy (saadhaaranayaayi sysplatine allengil carboplatin plus etoposide) kankarant nench radiotherapy (arty) yumayi chernnaanu nalkunnathu.
els-sclcyil athijeevanam mechappeduthaan nench arty theliyikkappettittund.
chemotherapy maathram upayogichu 60 muthal 90 sathamaanam vare els-slcyil asaadhaaranamaaya uyarnna vasthunishta prarambha prathikarana nirakk (rr) kaanapedunnu, 45 muthal 75 sathamaanam vare vyakthikal "poornna prathikaranam" (sii. aarr) kaanikkunnu, ithu tumourinte ellah radiological, klinikkal adayaalangalum aprathyakshamaakunnathayi nirvachikkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, aavarthana nirakk uyarnnathaan, sharashari athijeevanam 18 muthal 24 maasam vare maathramaan.
kaaranam ezz. sii. ell. sii saadhaaranayaayi tumourinte swaabhaavika charithratthinte valare thudakkathil thanne vyaapakamaayi metaastaasais cheyyappedunnu, koodaathe mikkavarum ellah kesukalum chemotherapy koodaathe/allengil radiotherapy ennivayodu naadakeeyamaayi prathikarikkunnathinal, 1970kall muthal eee rogathil shasthrakriyaykk valia pankilla. ennirunnaalum, cheruthum rogalakshanamillaathathum nooad-negatteevu ezz. sii. ell. sii. yude ("valare parimithamaaya ghattam") kesukalil, chemotherapic ("anubandha chemotherapy") munbu upayogikkumbol shasthrakriyayude exision athijeevanam mechappeduthumennu sameepakaala padanangal soochippikkunnu.
ezz-ezz. sii. ell. sii.
ezz-ezz. sii. ell. siyil, plaattinam adhishtitha kompineshan chemotherapy paricharanatthinte maanadandamaanu, dyspnia, karalil ninno asthi mettaastesukalil ninno ulla vedana, allengil mastishka mettaastesukalude chikitsa enniva polulla shamana lakshanangalkk maathram radiotherapy cherkkunnu, ithu cheria kosha shwaasakosha carsinomayil saadhaaranayaayi muzhuvan mastishka radio theraappiyodum thaalkkaalikamaanenkil druthagathiyilulla prathikaranamaanu nalkunnathu.
kompineshan chemotherapy sysplatine, cyclophosphamide, winkristeen, carboplatin ennivayulppede vaividhyamaarnna ejantukal adangiyirikkunnu. 15 muthal 30 sathamaanam vare vishayangalkk kompineshan chemotherapyode poornnamaaya prathikaranavum bhooribhaagathinum kuranjathu chila vasthunishta prathikaranavumullathinaal, vyapakamaaya rogangalil polum prathikarana nirakk uyarnnathaan. ezz-ezz. sii. ell. siyile prathikaranangal palappozhum hraswakaalamaanu, koodaathe vipulamaaya ezz. sii. ell. sii ulla aalukalkk chemotherapy saadhyathayulla nettavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol chikilsayude apakadasaadhyathaye chuttipattiyulla thelivukal vyakthamalla.
ezz. sii. ell. sii ulla oru vishayathil chemotherapyodulla poornna prathikaranam sambhavikkukayaanenkil, mastishka mettaastesukalude aavirbhavam thadayunnathinulla shramathil rogaprathirodha thalayotti vikiranam (pii. sii. aii) palappozhum upayogikkunnu. eee chikitsa palappozhum phalapradamaanenkilum, ithu mudi kozhichilinum ksheenathinum kaaranamakum. ekadesham rund varshathe thudarnadapadikalulla kramarahithamaya pareekshanangal neurocognitive doshafalangal kaanichittilla. kramarahithamaya pareekshanangalude mettaa vishakalanangal pii. sii. aii athijeevanathinu ganyamaaya nettangal nalkunnuvennu sthireekarikkunnu.
plaattinam adisthaanamaakkiyulla chemotherapyodum kuranjathu mattoru chikilsaareethiyodum prathikarikkunnathil parajayappetta metaastaattik small sell lung cancer (ezz. sii. ell. sii) ulla rogikale chikilsikkaan 2018 augustil eph. dii. eiii nivolumabinu amgeekaaram nalki. 60-ladhikam rajyangalil nivolumabu amgeekarikkappettittundu. langjevitti foundeshan parayunnathanusarichu, "eee amgeekaaram eee nirantharamaaya rogam baadhicha rogikalkku oru pradhana naazhikakkallayi adayaalappeduthunnu, koodaathe munbu mattu amgeekritha oopshanukal illaathidathu kooduthal chikitsa thudaraan avare prerippichekkaam."
2018 septambaril, torrentoyil nadanna shwaasakosha arbudathekkurichulla loka kongrasil aagola, kramarahithamaya ghattam I/III impower 133 trialinte phalangal prakhyaapichu. eee padanatthil, ezz-ezz. sii. ell. sii ulla rogikale staanderd carboplatin plus etoposide upayogichu chikilsikkukayum attisolisumabu allengil placibo sweekarikkaan kramarahithamakkukayum cheythu. mothatthilulla athijeevanathil ganyamaaya purogathiyumaayi attesolisumab bandhappettirikkunnu (maranathinu manikkoor = 0.7)
adayaalangalum lakshanangalum.
shwaasakoshathinte cheria kosha arbudam saadhaaranayaayi kendra shwaasanaalangalil prathyakshappedukayum submucosayilekku nuzhanjukayarukayum bronchial shwaasanaalangal edungunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheiyunnu. chuma, dyspnia, sareerabhaaram kurayal, balaheenata ennivayaanu saadhaarana lakshanagal. cheria kosha arbudamullah 70 sathamaanathiladhikam rogikalkku metaastaattik rogamundu; karal, adrenalukal, asthi, masthishkam enniva saadhaarana saittukalil ulppedunnu.
uyarnna grade neuroendocrine swabhaavam kaaranam, cherukida sell carsinomukalkku adrenocorticotropic hormon (aakt), aanti-dayaratik hormon (adh) ennivayulppede ectopic hormonukal utppaadippikkaan kazhiyum. valia alavil ediechinte ectopic uthppaadanam anuchithamaya antiduritic hormon hypersecression (siyad) syndrome aayi maarunnu.
small sell carsinomayumaayi bandhapetta oru ariyappedunna paranoplastic avasthayaanu lambert-eettan myesthenic syndrome (lems).
cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudam.
shwaasakoshavumaayi bandhappettirikkumbol, paranna koshangalude aakruthiyum cheria cytoplasm kaaranam ithine chilappol "oottu sell carcinoma" ennu vilikkunnu. ezz. sii. ell. sii. nirnnayikkumbol jagrata aavasyamaanu, kaaranam shwaasakosha arbudathinte valare apoorvamaaya upavibhagamaaya small sell mesothelioma small sell shwaasakosha arbudam ennu thettidharikkaam.
fairter cellukal (friedrich fairterinu peritta) ennariyappedunna broncasile neuroendocrine cellukalil (upped cellukal) ninnaan ithu uthbhavikkunnathenn karuthappedunnu.
athinaal, avaa vaividhyamaarnna neuroendocrine markerukal prakadippikkunnu, koodaathe paranoplastic syndrome, cushings syndrome ennivaykku kaaranamakunna eiii. dii. echu, aakt thudangiya hormonukalude ectopic ulppaadanathilekku nayichekkaam. lambert-eettan myesthenic syndrome (lems) ullavaril ekadesham pakuthiyolam perkkum shwaasakoshathinte oru cheria sell carsinomamundennu oduvil kandethanakum.
cheria koshamallatha shwaasakosha arbudathekkaal (athinaal vyathyasthamayi ghattam ghattamayi) cheria kosha arbudam palappozhum kooduthal vegathilum vyaapakamaayi metaastaattik aanu. saadhaaranayaayi hilrer, mediastinal lymph nodukalude aadyakaala edapedal undu.
 athinte metaastaattik purogathiyude samvidaanangal nannayi manassilakkappettilla.
samyojitha cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudam (sii-ezz. sii. ell. sii).
valare sankeernamaaya marakamaaya tissue mishrithangal ulppede shwaasakosha arbudathinte mattu vaividhyamaarnna hystological vakabhedangalumaayi chernnu cherukaanukkalude shwaasakosha arbudam sambhavikkam.
schwamous sell carcinoma allengil adenocarcinoma polulla onno athiladhikamo vyathyastha tharatthilulla shwaasakosha arbudangalil ithu kandethumbol, marakamaaya tumour kandethukayum samyojitha cherukida sell shwaasakosha carcinoma (sii-sclc) aayi tharamthirikkukayum cheiyunnu. sii-ezz. sii. ell. sii. aanu nilavil amgeekrithamaaya ezz. sii. ell. sii. yude eaka upavibhagam.
samyojitha cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudam nilavil shwaasakoshathinte "shudhamaaya" cherukida kosha arbudathinu samaanamaayi nadathukayum chikilsikkukayum cheiyunnundenkilum, eee tumour tharatthinte aadyaghattangalil sasthrakriya phalangal mechappeduthumennu sameepakaala gaveshanangal soochippikkunnu.
pukavali oru pradhana apakada gadakamaanu. mattu shwaasakosha arbudangalude lakshanangalum adayaalangalumaanu. koodaathe, avayude neuroendocrine sell uthbhavam kaaranam, small sell carcinomakal palappozhum lambert-eettan myesthenic syndrome polulla paranoplastic syndromsinu kaaranamakunna padaarthangal sravikkum.
extrapulmonary small sell carcinoma.
valare apoorvvamaayi, cherukida kosha arbudathinte praadhamika sthalam shwaasakoshathinum pleural spacinum purathaanu; eee sandarbhangalil, ithine extrapulmonary small sell carcinoma (eiii. pii. ezz. sii) ennu vilikkunnu. shwaasakoshathinu purathu, servics, prostettu, karal, pancreas, dahananaalangal allengil moothrasanchikalil small sell carcinoma prathyakshappedaam. yuu. esil prathivarsham 1,000 puthiya kesukal undaakumenn kanakkaakkappedunnu.ezz. histologicalaayi small sell shwaasakosha arbudathinu samaanamaayi, small sell shwaasakosha arbudathinulla chikilsakal saadhaaranayaayi eiii. pii. ezz. sii. sii chikilsikkaan upayogikkunnu. phastt-line chikitsa saadhaaranayaayi sysplatine, etoposide enniva upayogichaanu. jappanil, aadya nira chikitsa irinottekkan, sysplatine ennivayilekku maarukayaan. praadhamika saitt charmmathilaayirikkumbol, athine mercal-sell carcinoma ennu vilikkunnu.
extrapulmonary small sell carcinoma lymph nodukalil praadeshikavalkkarikkuppadu.
ithu valare apoorvamaaya oru cheria koshamaan, shaasthreeya samoohathil valare kurachu vivarangal maathrame labhichittulloo. onno athiladhikamo lymph nodukalil maathrame ithu sambhavikkunnulloo, shareerathil mattevideyum ithu sambhavikkunnilla. chikitsa cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathinu samaanamaan, ennaal athijeevana nirakk mattu cherukida kosha arbudangale apekshichu valare kooduthalaanu.
prostettinte cheria sell carcinoma.
prostettu kaansarinte apoorva roopamaanu prostettinte small sell carcinoma (ezz. sii. sii. pii). 1 sathamaanam). prostettu nirddishta aantijan alavil cheria vyathyasamullathinaal, ezz. sii. sii. pii saadhaaranayaayi metaastaasisinu sesham oru vipulamaaya ghattathilaanu roganirnayam nadathunnathu.
thalachorilekkulla ezz. sii. sii. piyude rogalakshana metaastaasis apoorvamaanu, koodaathe mosham roganirnayam vahikkunnu.
janithakashasthram.
70 muthal 90 sathamaanam vare ezz. sii. ell. sikalil tii. pii. 53 parivartthanam cheyyappedunnu. mikka ezz. sii. ell. sikalilum aarr. bii. 1, retinoblastoma paatha enniva nirjjeevamaan. 2 muthal 10 sathamaanam vare pittan parivartthanam cheyyappedunnu. 30 sathamaanam ezz. sii. ell. sikalil mike kudumbatthile amgangalude vaividhyavum vaividhyavum kaanapedunnu. chromosome aam 3pii yill heterosaigositti nashtappedunnathu 80 sathamaanathiladhikam sclckalilaanu kaanappedunnath, ithil phitt nashtappedunnathum ulppedunnu. ezz. sii. ell. sikalil ithuvare nooru translocationukal report cheythittundu ("maittalmaan daattaabes", atlas oof genetics aandu cytogenetics inn oongoolaji aandu hemattolaji enniva kaanuka).
roganirnayam.
eppol
roganirnaya samayat, 60-70% aalukalkk ithinakam metaastesukal undu.
aadimamaayi prathyakshappedunna koshangal chernna oru vyathyasthamallatha neoplaasamaanu small sell carcinoma. peru soochippikkunnathu pole, cherukaanukkalude arbudathile koshangal saadhaarana koshangalekkaal cheruthaanu, koodaathe cytoplaasathinu idamilla. koshangalude valippam niyanthrikkunna samvidaanathile paraajayamaayaan chila gaveshakar ithine thirichariyunnathu.
chikitsa.
cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudam saadhaaranayaayi rund marunnukalude samyojanathiloodeyaanu chikilsikkunnathu, ithu oru marunninekkaal falapradamaanu.
chemotherapy.
sysplatine prathirodham.
sysplatine prathirodhasheshiyulla kaansarinte chikilsayil paaklitaaksal marunnu upayogapradamaayekkaam. sysplatine prathirodhasheshiyulla koshangalude 68.1%
paclitaxalinode sensitiivu aanennum paaklitaaksal-resistant koshangalude 66.7% aanennum thonnunnu.
sysplatine. eee pravarthanatthinulla samvidaanam anjjaathamaanu. paaklitaaksal adisthaanamaakkiyulla chemotherapy ezz. sii. ell. sii rogikalil mithamaaya pravartthanam kaanichu, etoposide, camptothesin adisthaanamaakkiyulla chemotherapy ennivayil ninnu pinthirinju. puthiya ejantu larbinekttin relapsed ezz. sii. ell. siyil sajeevamaan, 2020 juunil amerikkayil medical upayogathinaayi ithu amgeekarichu.
immunotheraappi.
2018ll, cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathinu rund rogaprathirodha chikilsakalkku fda amgeekaaram nalkki
1. nivolumabu (opdivo),
2. attesolisumab (tentric) 
dhanasahaya vivaadangal.
dosage shedyooline aashrayich tentric chikilsaykku prathimasam sharashari 13,200 dollar chelavu varum.
chemotherapy maathram labhichavare apekshichu vipulamaaya ghattathilulla cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudam ulla 30 sathamaanam kooduthal aalukal 24 maasathil jeevichirippundennu update cheytha daatta kaanikkunnundengilum, canaden regulator vipulamaaya ghattathilulla cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathinu tentricinu dhanasahayam nalkunnathu "valare chelaveriyathaayi" nirasichu, thudarnnu yunaittad kingdow "marunninte chelavu-falaprapti" choondikkaatti."
radiation therapy.
cancer koshangale kollukayum cancer aavarthanam thadayukayum cheythukondu nench vikiranam ezz. sii. ell. sii rogikale kooduthal kaalam jeevikkaan sahayikkunnu. mattoru tharam vikiranam, roganirodhana craniel vikiranam, kendra naadeevyavasthayude aavarthanam thadayukayum ell. dii. yilo edii. yilo chemotherapy chemoradiationode poornnamaaya prathikaranamo valare nalla bhagika prathikaranamo ulla nalla prakadana nilayulla rogikalil athijeevanam mechappeduthukayum cheiyunnu.
veendum aavarthichaal.
cheria kosha shwaasakosha arbudam chikilsaykku sesham thirichuvannaal, inipparayunna marunnukalude samyojanam oru rakshaasoothrana chikilsayaayi upayogikkaam
praadhamika chikilsayil ninnu 6 maasathinu mukalil punaradhivasikkunna rogikale yadhaartha chemotherapy reethi upayogichu pinvalikkanamenn nilavile maargganirddeshangal shupaarsha cheiyunnu. 6 maasathinullil veendum varunna rogikalkku, single ejantu chemotherapy toppotekkan second line therapy allengil paaklitaaksal upayogikkaam.
puthiya ejantumaar.
temosolomide, bendamusttin ennivayulppede niravadhi puthiya ejantukalkku relapsed ezz. sii. ell. siyil pravartthanamundu. ezz. sii. ell. sii kaaranam mastishka metaastesukalkku 38 sathamaanam prathikarana nirakk temosolomide nalki.
50 rogikalude klinikkal trialil, punarnirmmicha cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathile olaaparib, temosolomide ennivayude samyojanam mothatthilulla prathikarana nirakk 41.7%, sharashari purogathiyillaattha athijeevanam 4.2 maasam, mothatthilulla athijeevanam 8.5 masamaayirunnu.
sensitiivu rogikalaaya rogikalkkidayil veendum varunna cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathil mothatthilulla athijeevana nirakk ganyamaayi vardhippicha ettavum prateeksha nalkunna puthiya ejantaanu larbinekttin. orotta ejantu enna nilayil, refractory small sell shwaasakosha cancer trialil larbinekttin inipparayunna klinikkal phalangal pradharshippichu
kramarahithamaya moonnaam ghatta pareekshanatthil doxorubisin enna randaam nira chikilsayaayi larbinekttinumaayi samyojippichu anweshanam nadathunnundu. eee pareekshanatthile mothatthilulla athijeevanam ithuvare ariyillengilum, randaam variyile prathikarana nirakk
nilavil yuu. esil larbinekttin labhyamaan.ezz. oru extended axus prograaminu (iii. eiii. pii) keezhil.
cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathinu chikilsikkunna rogikalil chemotheraphy-induced vishaamsham kuraykkunna oru sii. keey. dii. 4/6 inhibittaraaya trilassiclib. trilassiclibinte developer, jii1 therapeutics, yuu. esil marunnu labhyamaakkunnu.ezz. vipuleekritha praveshanathin keezhil, fda athinte puthiya marunnu aaplikkeshan (nda) pariganikkunnu. 2021 februvari 15 nakam ndaude amgeekaara theerumaanam prathekshikkunnu. 2021 februvari 12 nuu, vipulamaaya-ghattathilulla cherukida-kosha shwaasakosha arbudathinu chila tharatthilulla chemotherapy labhikkuna rogikalkku chemotherapy-preritha myelosaprashante aavruthi kuraykkunnathinulla chikilsayaayi fda trilassiclib (brand namam kosela) amgeekarichu.
pravachanam.
cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathinte (vipulavum parimithavumaya) 5 varshathe athijeevana nirakk sthreekalkku 3.6% muthal 32.2% vareyum purushanmaarkk 2.2% muthal 24.5% vareyumaanu. iru lingakkaarudeyum aapekshikamaya 5 varshathe athijeevana nirakk 1975ll 3.6 sathamaanathil ninnu 2014ll 6.7 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu.
chemotherapy, radiotherapy, prathyekichu plaattinam adangiya ejantumaare adisthaanamaakkiyulla rejimentukal ennivayodu cheria sell carcinoma valare prathikarikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, rogam ulla mikka aalukalum veendum rogaavasthayilekku madangukayum sharashari athijeevanam kurayukayum cheiyunnu. kazhinja eathaanum pathittaandukalaayi yunaittad stetsile ezz. sii. ell. siyude mothatthilulla sambhavangalum marananirakkum kuranju.
sariyaaya chikilsayiloode 5 varshathil kooduthal deerghakaala athijeevanam nedaanaakum. shwaasakosha arbudathekkurichulla 17-aamath loka konfarans (dablyu. sii. ell. sii) anusarichu, "sharashari anchu chemotherapy saikkilukalkoppam nench vikiranavum rogaprathirodha thalayotiyile vikiranavum labhicha rogikalkku 5 varshathiladhikam sharashari athijeevanam nedaan kazhiyum."chila sandarbhangalil, chemotherapy radiation upayogichu maathram 10 + varshathe deerghakaala athijeevanam kaivarikkunnu.
bmj ooppanil prasidheekaricha oru europian padanamanusarichu, 
"munnira krameekaranatthil chemotherapyilekku rogaprathirodha chikitsa cherkkunnathil sameepakaala munnettangal undaayirunnittum, sharashari [oesu] ekadesham 1 varshamaan, ithu eathoru shwaasakosha arbuda upavibhaagathekkaalum moshamaan. eee mosham phalangale neridaan kooduthal pareekshanangalum mayakkumarunnu vikasanavum aavasyamaanennu vyakthamaan."
parimithamaaya ghattathilulla" rogathil, aapekshikamaya 5 varshathe athijeevana nirakk (lingabhedam, ellah vamshangal, ellah praayakkaarkkum) 21.3% aanu; ennirunnaalum, sthreekalkku 5 varshathe athijeevana nirakk kooduthalaanu, 26.9%, purushanmaarkk athijeevana nirakk kuravaanu, 21.3%.
5 varshathe aapekshika athijeevana nirakk (lingabhedam, ellah vamshangal, ellah praayakkaarkkum) 2.8 shathamaanamaaya "vipulamaaya ghattathilulla" cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathil roganirnayam valare kadinamaanu; ennirunnaalum, sthreekalkku 5 varshathe athijeevana nirakk 3.4 sathamaanavum purushanmaarkk 5 varshathe athijeevana nirakk 2.2 sathamaanavum kuravaanu.
5 varshathe athijeevana nirakk.
darshakarude daattaabes praayam, lingam, vamsham ennivayude adisthaanathil 5 varshathe aapekshika athijeevana nirakk tracucheyyunnu, ithu athijeevana vivarangalude ettavum krithyamaaya uravidamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. eee daattaabes cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathinte vividha ghattangale vivarikkan "praadeshikavalkkaricha", "praadeshika", "vidoora" ennee padangal upayogikkunnu.
lingabhedam", "ellah vamshangalum" ennivayil 5 varshathe aapekshika athijeevana nirakk
laingikathayude adisthaanathil athijeevana nirakk.
cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudam baadhicha sthreekalkku purushanmaarekkaal 5 varsham athijeevana nirakk kooduthalaanu.
vamsham, lingam, praayam enniva anusarichu athijeevana nirakk.
5 varshathe aapekshika athijeevana sthithivivarakkanakkukal kooduthal krithyathayullathum chila sandarbhangalil, nirddishta vamshavum prayaparidhiyum lingavum roganirnaya ghattavumayi samyojippikkumbol kooduthalaanu. udaaharanathinu,
naashanal cancer instittyoottinte darshakan athijeevana nirakkukalkkayi pothuvaayi axus cheyyaavunna daattaabes paripaalikkunnu.
epidemiology.
amerikkayile shwaasakosha arbudangalil 15 sathamaanavum itharathilullavayaanu. small sell shwaasakosha arbudam mikkavarum pukavalikkaril maathramaayi sambhavikkunnu-saadhaaranayaayi amita pukavalikkaril, pukavalikkaathavaril apoorvvamaayi.
recalcitrant cancer research act.
2013-ll, us kongras recalcitrant cancer research act pasaki, ithu small sell shwaasakosha cancer ulppedeyulla chila recalcitrant kaansarukalil kooduthal shradha nalkanamennu nirbandhamaakki. ithu oru kansorshyathiloode cheria kosha-nirddishta gaveshanathe pinthunaykkunna deseeya cancer instittyoottilekk nayichu.
thalphalamaayi, idaademstaatt (orii-1001), keatruda (pembrolisumab) ennivayulppede cherukida kosha shwaasakosha arbudathinulla puthiya pareekshanathmaka marunnukal nilavil pareekshichuvarikayaanu.