ludwig reeza

martin ludwig jedemin reeza (9 januvari 1776-30 august 1840) oru lutheran paastarum kizhakkan russiayile conigsburg sarvakalaashaalayile professorumaayirunnu. lithwanian grandhangalude prasaadhakanaayaanu addeham ettavum kooduthal ormmikkappedunnathu. litwania mainarile lithwanian bhaashayude avasaanathe pramukha abhibhaashakanaayirunnu addeham. 
cherupraayatthil thanne anaathanaayirunna reeza addehathinte akanna bandhukkal kondupoyi. bhaashaashaasthrathil thaalpparyamundengilum, birudapatanathinushesham kooduthal surakshithamaaya thozhil nalkiyathinaal addeham conigsburg sarvakalashaalayil daivashaasthram padichu. addeham russiayile franch adhinivesavum leapsig yudhavum ulppedeyulla nepolian yudhangalil pankedukkukayum oru sainika chappline maarukayum cheythu. 1816-ll addeham thante jeevithakalam muzhuvan vidyaabhyaasathinaayi samarppichukond chapliancy raajivachu. thathwachinthayilum (1807) daivashaasthrathilum (1819) doktarettu nedi. 1810ll addeham conigsburg sarvakalaashaalayile lithwanian bhasha seminaarinte nethaavaayi. addeham seminaarine punarujeevippikkukayum maranam vare nayikkukayum cheythu, lithwanian bhaashayude oru adhikaariyaayi maari. 
nandiyaanu (1816lum prasidheekaricha 1755-leeii lithwanian bhaashayilekkulla baibil vivarthanathinte oru puthiya punaravalokanam reeza aarambhichu. vivarthana pishakukal thiruthunnathinum lithwanian bhaashayude parishudhi mechappeduthunnathinum addeham shradhaapoorvvam pravarthichu (udaaharanathinu, jarmman bhaashakale lithwanian thulyathakalumaayi maattisthaapichu). christijonas donalytis (1818) ezhuthiya lithwanian itihaasa kavithayaya "seasonukal", 85 lithwanian naadodi gaanangalude samahaaram, avaa jarmman bhaashayilekkulla vivarthanangal (1825) ennivayaayirunnu ettavum pradhanappetta litwania mainaril mathethara lithwanian grandhangal aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu. eee shekharam padinjaaran europil janapriyamaayitheerukayum lithwanian naadodikkadhakalude aadya padanamaayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheiyunnu. eee rund prasidheekaranangalum lithwanian raashtrathinte "sargaathmakatha, sambannatha, athmeeya samskaarathinte moulikatha" enniva pradarshippikkunnathinaayin uddeshichullathaayirunnu. poortthiyaakaattha oru jarmman-lithwanian nighandu reeza samaaharichu. rund kavita samaahaarangalum (1809,1825) nepolian yudhangalile (1814) yaathrakalil ninnulla impressionukalum ulppede jarmman bhashayil addeham grandhangal prasidheekarichu.
jeevacharitram.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1776 januvari januvari prashyayile karvaittan graamatthil curonian thuppalil reeza janichu. 1797ll eee graamam manalkkaadukalkk keezhil kuzhichittirunnu. kuranjathu pathinaram noottaand muthal rishayude kudumbam litwania mainaril thaamasikkukayum athil adhyaapakarum prasaadhakarumellam ulppedukayum cheythu. eee kudumbam curonian vamshajanaayirikkaamenkilum reeza svayam oru lithwaaniyakkaaranaayi kanakkakki. addehathinte pithaavin karvaisiyil oru sathramundaayirunnu, addeham theeram kaaval nilkkukayum cheythu. ettu makkalil ettavum ilayavalaaya reeza aaram vayassil anaadhayaayi, akanna bandhukkal addehathe kondupoyi-aadyam, oru mathsyathozhilaali rosittanile (ippol raibachi) oru postmaan. 
1785-ll, akkaalat kaukemenil (ippol) purohithanaayirunna thante cussin-inn-loow kristhyan david vittichinoppam thamasikkaan reeza maari. vittich reesayude academic thalpparyangal amgeekarikkukayum laattinum mattu vishayangalum padippikkukayum cheythu. 1791-1794 ll, lobenichile (central conigsburghinte naalilonn ippol kaliningrad) oru skoolilaanu reeza padichathu. upajeevanathinaayi reeza oru adthyaapikayaayi jolie cheythu. moonnu varshathinullil addeham vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakki (saadhaaranayaayi birudam nedaan naalu varshameduthu). 1795 maarchil addeham daivashaasthram padikkaan conigsburg sarvakalashaalayil chernnu. immaanuval kaant, kristhyan jacob cross ennivarude prabhashanangalil addeham pankedukkukayum professorumaayi prathyekichum aduppathilaavukayum cheythu. avarude maranashesham, avarude smaranaykkaayi reza kavithakal rachichu. bhaashaavinjaanathil thaalpparyamulla reeza lithwanian bhaashayekkurichulla prabhashanangalil pankedukkukayum cheythuvenkilum birudaananthara birudatthinu sesham kooduthal surakshithamaaya thozhil nalkunnathinaal daivashaasthram kooduthal praayogikamaayirunnu. 
sainika chapline.
1799ll birudam nediya reeza kurachu maasangal adthyaapikayaayi jolie cheythu. 1800 augustil addeham friedrichsburg kottayude sainika chapline niyamithanaayi. 1806ll addeham moonnu kireedangalkku keezhil masonic lodjil cherukayum maranam vare athil amgamaavukayum cheythu. 1807-ll immaanuval kaantinte padippikkalukale adisthaanamaakkiyulla vishudha grandhangalude dhaarmika vishadeekaranathekkurichlu thante prabandham poortthiyaakkiya resaykk thathwashaasthrathil doktarettu labikkukayum sarvakalashaalayil "swakaarya dussent" aayi padippikkaan shanikkappedukayum cheythu. 1811ll addeham oru yadhaartha amgamaayi thiranjedukkappettu.
addeham oru sainika chappline thudarnnu, 1811-ll oru brigedinte chappline sthaanakkayattam labhichu. russiayile franch adhiniveshathilum francilake pinvaangalilum addehathinte unitukal pankedutthu. addeham leapsig yudhathilaayirunnu. eee yaathrakalil, reeza lithuvenia sandarshikkukayum academic bandhangalkkayi tirayukayum cheythu. pinneedu dorpath sarvakalashaalayil padippikkaan reeza niyamikkaan shramicha aale addeham parichayapettu. lithwanian bhaashayilekkulla baibil vivarthanathinayi britiish, videsha baibil samoohathil ninnu 200 poundu sterling nedaanum lunden sandarshikkaanum resaykk kazhinju. 1816ll addeham konigsburgilekku madangukayum thante jeevithakalam muzhuvan academic pravarthanangalkkaayi samarppichukond chapliancy raajivaykkukayum cheythu. 
lithwanian bhasha seminaarinte nethaavu.
1810ll lithwaniayude kristheeyavalkkaranathekkulle oru prabandham prasidheekaricha sesham reeza oru asaadhaarana professor sarvakalaashaalayile lithwanian bhasha seminaarinte director aayi. neratthe 1809ll, fundinte abhavam moolam seminar adachupoottaan sarvakalashaala aalochichenkilum seminaarine prathirodhikkunnathil reeza vijayichu. oru raashtrathin daivam nalkunna ettavum valia nidhiyaan bhashayennum athu raashtrathinte athmaavum swabhaavavum prakadippikkunnuvennum vaadichu niravadhi avasarangalil jarmmanvalkkaranathinethir reeza lithwanian bhasha prathirodhichu. tilsit (ippol sovetsk), gumbinen (ippol guzev), insterberg (ippol chernyakhovsku) ennividangalile jimneshyangalil lithwanian bhasha klaasukal avatharippikkan addeham nirddeshichu.
lithwanian bhasha seminaarinte nethaavenna nilayil, reeza athine punarujeevippikkukayum lithwanian library vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu. addeham vidyaarthikale rund grouppukalaayi vibhajichu, onnu thudakkakkarkkum mattonn kooduthal purogamicha vidyaarthikalkkum. sarvakalashaala vidyaarthikalude ennam 12 aayi nischayichittundenkum yadhaartha ennam palappozhum athinte erattiyaayirunnu. sarvakalashaalayil ninnu nashtapariharam labhikkathe thanne padippicha unnatha vidyaarthikalkkaayulla moonnaamathe grouppaanu pinneedu reeza chertthathu. seminaarinaayi oru sthiram prabhaashakane niyamikkaanum sarvakalashaala adisthaanakaaryangal padippikkaathirikkaanayi lithwanian bhasha paadangal avatharippikkanum addeham deerghakaalamaayi shramichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte maranashesham maathramaan athu saadhyamaayath. reesayude jeevithathil, seminaarinte vardhichuvarunna janapreethiyekkurichu sarvakalashaala samshayaluvaayi. academic abhilaashangal upekshichu bhaaviyile purohithanmaare lithwanian samsaarikkunna avarude edavakakkaarumaayi engane ashayavinimayam nadathaamennu padippikkunnathil shradha kendreekarikkaan-athu athinte verukalilekku thirike konduvaraan resiode utharavittu.
lithuvanian bhaashayude oru adhikaaramaayi reeza kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 1830-1831 ll, jurgis pliattarisum simonas stanavisius addehathe sandarshichu. 1839ll russian bhaashaashaasthranjan reesayil ninnu lithwanian padikkaan konigsburgiletthi. 1837ll reeza mattoru russian lithwanian fredrich kurschaattine thante sahayiyaayi niyamichu. reesayude maranashesham kurshatt lithwanian bhasha seminaarinte nethaavaayi.
yooniversitti professor.
1819 eprilil, aadyathe moonnu canonical suvisheshangalude uravidangaleyum uthbhavatheyum kurichulla thante prabandhathe addeham nyaayeekarikkukayum daivashaasthrathil doktarettu nedukayum oru saadhaarana professoraayi maarukayum cheythu. addeham pazhaya praachya bhaashakalum daivashaasthravum padippichu. 1825-ll nicolas boilio-despro (1636-1711)-nte kavithayeyum addehathinte kavithayeyum kurichu addeham oru prabhashanam nadatthi.
idaykkide, reeza daivashaasthra faakkalttiyude deana (1819,1821-1823,1825-1832,1840) sarvakalaashaalayude prorector (1820/21,1824/25,1830/31 vintar semastarukal) sevanamanushtichu. rector prussian simhaasanathinte anantharaavakaashiyaayathinaal, prorector oru acting rektaraayirunnu. 1829ll addeham prashyayile ivaanchalikkal sabhayude konstettoriyal kaunsilaraayi. yudhathile vishishtathaykkulla medel (1814), lithwanian baibil prasidheekarichathinulla yogyathaykkulla swarnna medel (1818), oordar oof dhii redu eegil (1840 leeii naalam klaas) enningane moonnu russian samsthaana medalukal resaykk labhichu. 
lalithavum achadakkapoornavumaaya jeevithamaan addeham nayichathu. oru professor enna nilayil addeham karsananaayirunnu, athinaal vidyaarthikalkku eshtappettilla. 
maranam, oormma, paarambaryam.
1840 septambar septambar maricha reeza brandenberg gettinu sameepam kaalmuttil samskarichu. addehathinte shavakudeerathil "thaay estti visa shwentas rastas" (athaayath muzhuvan vishudha grandhavum) enna lithwanian likhithamulla oru thuranna baibil chithreekarichittundu. maruvashathu addehathinte moonnu pradhana prasidheekaranangale paraamarsikkunna likhithangalundu lithwanian naadodi gaanangalude samahaaram, itihaasa kavita "seasonukal", kavita samahaaram "proottena". randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathil shavakudeeram nasippikkappettu. avivahithanaayum kuttikalillaathe thudarnna addeham 1854ll poortthiyaaya reesiyanam ennariyappedunna oru vidyaarthi dormittari nirmmikkunnathinayi panam upekshichu. reesayil ekadesham 3,000 pusthakangalude (avayil 65 pusthakangalum lithwanian bhaashayile rund aanukaalikangalum ulppedunnu) swakaarya library avasheshichu. 1855ll reesayude aadya jeevacharitram prasidheekaricha charitrakaaranaaya friedrich wilhem shubert eee pusthakangalil palathum swanthamaakki. reesayude kayyezhuthuprathikal russian stettu archive conigsburgil ethi. 1945ll chila vasthukkal lithwaniayilekku konduvarikayum ippol lithwanian akkadami oof sayansasinte vrublevskisinte libraryil sookshikkukayum cheiyunnu.
1975ll, addehathinte 200-aamm janmavaarshikathodanubandhi, shilpiyude oru thadi shilpam addehathinte janmanaadaaya karvaisayi graamatthinte muun sthalathinu sameepam sthaapichu. 1994ll judcranteyil resayude smaranaykkaayi shilpi oru shila shilpam nirmmichu. 2005ll, conigsburg sthaapithamaayathinte 750-aamm vaarshikathodanubandhichu, lithuvanian saamskaarika mantraalayam sakaloskaasinte oru shilpam kaliningradinu sammaanichu. 2009ll, lithuveniyayude sahasraabda aakhoshavelayil, vilniusile vingis parkkil aikyathinte pratheekathmaka vruksham anaachaadanam cheythu. reeza ulppede ettavum pramukha lithwaaniyakkaarude nooru perukal smaarakathil alekhanam cheythittundu. 
2007ll judcrantayil reesayude peril oru saamskaarika kendram thurannu. 2008-ll, curonian thuppalin gunam cheiyunna shaasthreeya, vidyaabhyaasa, saamskaarika nettangalkkaayi nerringa munisippaalitti reesayude peril oru award sthaapichu. ellah varshavum reesayude janmadinathilaanu award daana chadangu nadakkunnathu.
1969ll albinas jovaisas resayekkurichulla aadyathe monograph prasidheekarichu. 2009 muthal, instittyoott oof lithwanian littarechar aandu follocol reesayude ellah kruthikalum shekharikkunnathinum prasidheekarikkunnathinum pravartthikkunnu. liusija sittaavisiye edittu cheytha anchu vaalyangal 2020 oode prasidheekarichu.
seymas (lithwanian paarlament) 2016 neey reesayude varshamaayi prakhyaapichu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
lithwanian baibil.
1809-ll, 1755-leeii lithwanian bhaashayilekkulla baibil vivarthanathinte puthiya punaravalokanatthe pinthunaykkumennu vaagdaanam cheytha russian vidyaabhyaasa mantriyaaya wilhem voonn humboltumaayi reeza bandham sthaapichu. athe varsham thanne lithwanian baibil avalokanam cheiyunnathinum parishkarikkunnathinumaayi praadeshika purohithanmaarude oru edittoriyal kammitti reeza samghadippichu. lithuvenian bhashayil praaveenyam nediya eaka sarvakalashaala professor reeza aayirunnu, athinaal mikka jolikalum addeham thanne cheythu. yuddham shramangale thadassappeduthiyenkilum nandiyaanu (1816lum baibil prasidheekarikkappettu. eee kruthiyumaayi bandhappett, reeza jarmman bhashayil rund bhaashaashaastra padanangal prasidheekarichu lithwanian bhaashayilekkulla baibil vivarthanangalude charithrathekkurichum (1816) vivarthanangalekkurichu vimarsanaathmaka paraamarshangalode paraamarshangalode (1816lum rund bhagangal). 
yadhaartha baibil grandhangale thettidharikkukayum valachodikkukayum cheytha vividha vivarthana pishakukal thiruthunnathil reeza aashankaakulanaayirunnu. athinaayi addeham jarmman luther bybiline vimarsanaathmakamaayi avalokanam cheyyukayum athine hebru baibil, greak septhuvajint, laattin vulgate ennivayumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum syrian, arabic, mattu pazhaya bhaashakalilekkulla avarude vivarthanangalumayi koodiyaalochikkukayum cheythu. 150-ladhikam ezhuthukaarude baibil vimarshanangalekkurichulla vividha pusthakangalum addehathinte pakkalundaayirunnu. lithwanian bhaashayude vishudhiyil addeham kooduthal shradhaaluvaayirunnu-jarmman bhaashakale neekkam cheyyaanum avaykku pakaram lithwanian thulyathakal sthaapikkaanum addeham pravarthichu. slavik kadamvaangal vaakkukal thirichariyunnathilum neekkam cheiyunnathilum addeham vijayichilla. anuyojyamaaya lithwanian vaakkukal kandethaan, jonas bretkunas ezhuthiya lithwanian baibilinte kaiyezhuthuprathi reeza upayogichu.
lithwanian mathethara grandhangal.
sarkkaarinte sahaayathode lithwanian bhaashayilulla niravadhi mathagrandhangal litwania mainaril prasidheekarichappol mathethara lithwanian grandhangal aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu reesayaanu. 
"seasonukal". "
ekadesham oru pathittaandinte pravarthanatthinu sesham, christijonas donalytisinte lithwanian itihaasa kavithayaya "seasonukal" (dhaa seasonukal) 1818-ll prasidheekarikkukayum jarmman bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. "seasonukal" enna kavithaykku sheershakam nalkaanum vasanthathekurichulla bhagam upayogichu aarambhikkaanum theerumaanikkunnathu reesayaanu. academic padanathekkaal vidyaasambannaraaya jarmman samsaarikkunna pothujanangale lakshyamittaayirunnu reesayude prasidheekaranam. athupole, 469 varikal illaathaakkukayum avasheshikkunna aksharangaleyum mattu drafttukaleyum adisthaanamaakki kurachu puthiyava cherkkukayum cheythukondu addeham swathanthramaayi vaachakam edittu cheythu. dactillic hexaameettarine shakthippeduthunnathinaayi addeham vaakkukal cherkkukayo parishkkarikkukayo cheythu. 
seasonukal" prasidheekarikkaan reeza prothsaahippicha wilhem voonn humboltinulla samarppanathodeyaanu (23-varii jarmman kavita) prasidheekaranam aarambhichath. aamukhamaayi, kavithayude vibhaagavum lakshyangalum, kalaparavum vidyaabhyaasaparavumaaya moolyam, padyavum uchaaranavum, jarmman bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheiyunnathil budhimuttukal ennivayekkurichu charcha cheiyunna kavithayekkurichulla oru patanam jarmman bhashayil reeza chertthu. kavithayude moulikathaykku oonnal nalkia reeza, athu mattu jarmman allengil classical kruthikalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathallennu vaadichu. kavithayude bhashaaparamaaya sambannathayeyum athinte sakthamaaya lithwanian swabhaavatheyum addeham prashamsikkukayum lithwanian daasanmaarude jeevithathilum samskaarathilum shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheythu. donalytisinte aadya jeevacharitravum reesayil ulppeduthiyittundu. oduvil, lithwanian aachaarangalum paarambaryangalum vishadeekarikkaan reeza 82 abhipraayangal chertthu, udaaharanathinu chila vibhavangal thayyarakkal, baast shoos nirmmikkal allengil "krivule" ennariyappedunna valanja staafinte upayogam enniva addeham vivarichu.
lithwanian naadodi ganangal.
ulladakkam.
1825-ll reeza 85 lithwanian naadodi gaanangalude oru samahaaravum avaa jarmman bhaashayilekkulla vivarthanavum "dynos oder littauyshe volkslider" enna peril prasidheekarichu. lithwanian gaanangalude aadya prasidheekarana pusthakamaayirunnu ithu. prasidheekaranathil ezhu ganangal, reesayude lithwanian naadodi gaanangalekkurichulla patanam, avasaanathil vishadamaaya bhaashaashaasthraparavum mattu kurippukalum ulppedunnu. vidyaabhyaasa mantri kaal voom steyin sum altensteeninaanu eee pusthakam samarppichath. 1843ll friedrich kurshatt eee gaanangalude oru puthiya pathipp prasidheekarichu. mattu pathippukal micolas birsishka birsishka umm chernnu chernnu enna rund vaalyangalayi prasidheekarichu.
1809ll addehathinte kavita samahaaramaaya proottenayudeyum 1818ll prasidheekaricha lekhanathinteyum vipuleekarikkappettathum punarnirmmichathumaaya pathippaanu naadodi gaanangalude aamukha patanam. naadodi gaanangalekkurichulla padanatthil, reeza avaye moonnu pradhana vibhagangalaayi (pattukal, sthuthigeethangal, purathana vilapangal ("rauda")) vibhajikkukayum avayude pradhana savisheshathakal thirichariyukayum cheythu. reesayude abhipraayathil, lithwanian ganangal swaabhaavikavum lalithavumaanu. avar aazhathilulla daarshanika sathyangalalla, aardravum aathmaarthavumaaya vikarangal prakadippikkunnu. avar dhaaraalam cheria shabdangal upayogikkunnu, athu shrothaavine aakarshikkunnu, pakshe pattukal vivarthanam cheyyaan prathyekichum budhimuttaakkunnu. pala gaanangalum pranayagaanangalaanenkilum, "sneham" enna vaakk adisthaanaparamaayi kanunnilla. snehathinte vikarangal priyamullavarkkuvendi vaanchikkunna shudhahrudayathinte soumyamaaya vishaadamaayi prakadippikkappedunnu. resayude abhipraayathil, pattukal aazhathilulla punyamullathum asabhyamaya paraamarshangalonnumillaathu. chila ganangal purathana lithwanian puraanangalude avashishtangal samrakshikkukayum purajaatheeya devanmaraya perkunas, jeminah thudangiyavayekkurichulla paraamarshangal adangiyirikkukayum cheiyunnu. thudarnnu addeham pothuvaaya meter (yamb, troachy, amphibrack allengil mixed), melody (record cheyyaan prayaasamullath), thaalam (lithwanian gaanangalude oru pradhana savisheshathayalla) enniva vivarichu.
15 varshatholam thaan eee prasidheekaranathil pravarthichathaayi reeza avakashappettu. avide pattukal shekharikkunnathinaayi addeham litwania sandarshikkaan aagrahichenkilum kazhinjilla. athinaal, prasidheekaranathil litwaniyayil ninnulla patthu ganangal maathrame ulppedunnulloo, avayellaam punarprasidheekarichu. kooduthal rasakaramaaya pattukal labhikkunnathinaayi, paattukalude saambilukal ayaykkaan reeza lithwanian bhaashayile suhruthukkalodu oru abhyarthana prasidheekarichu. litwania mainaril ninnulla ganangal onpathu purohithanmaarum udyogastharum sambhavana cheythu. resaykk kooduthal sahaayikalundaayirunnu, prasidheekarichathinekkaal kooduthal ganangal (ekadesham 200) shekharichu. prasidheekarikkappedaathu 145 ganangal 1964ll shekharikkukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. vaittauttaas paltanavisius rachicha 56 gaanangalum eee shekharathil ulppettathinaal, ithu naadodi sammelanangalkkidayil valare janapriyamaayi. 
sweekaranam.
1820-ll, johann wolfgang voonn goytheyude vimarshanamo pinthunayo shupaarshayo labikkumenna pratheekshayil 89 ganangalulla oru kaiyezhuthuprathi reeza ayachu, pakshe goythe orikkalum prathikarichilla. ennirunnaalum, 'dynos' ennathinte anukoolamaaya oru avalokanam addeham prasidheekarichu. goythe randaamathe avalokanavum ezhuthi, pakshe athu 1833-ll marananantharamaayi maathrame prasidheekarichittulla. addehathinte avalokanam padinjaaran europil lithwanian ganangal janapriyamakkunnathil pradhana pankuvahichu. jacob grim, francisec siarsinsky enniva ulppede "dynosine" kurichulla kuranjathu ombathu avalokanangalenkilum vividha jarmman, poolish jenalukalil prasidheekarichu. 
eee shekharathile ganangal frantisec selakovsky chekkilekkum poolish kaasimiyezhs broadsynsky, aantoni edward odinik, russian (1854 ll aadam kirkor prasidheekarichu), engleesh euria catsenelenbojan (1935 ll prasidheekaricha 19 ganangal) ennivar chekkilekku vivarthanam cheythu. simonas dokantas, jorg heinrich ferdinand nezelman, nikkolaay berg, thudangi vividha shekharangalil thiranjeduttha ganangal veendum prasidheekarichu. 
naadodi gaanangalekkurichulla reesayude patanam valare swaadheenamullathaayi maarukayum addehathinte pradhana ashayangal aadam mikeeviks, kaasimiyezhs broadsynsky, joseph ignacy krassevsky, thudangi vividha ezhuthukaar aavarthikkukayum cheythu.
kavi juuliyas seeyar, samgeethasamvidhaayakan aantonin dworack (purusha gaayakasamghathinulla gaanam), ezhuthukaaran kaal friedrich wilhem jordan (ekadesham 30 gaanangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda grandhangal), kavi adelbert voonn chamiso (anchu kavithakal), ezhuthukaaran joseph ignassi krassevsky (itihaasa kavithaykkulla kadamedutha gadakangal) ennivarulppede niravadhi kalakaaranmaare lithwanian prameya kruthikal srishtikkaan reesayude shekharathile ganangal prachodippichu.
mattu mekhalakalile gaveshakarum eee ganangal upayogichu. udaaharanathinu, friedrich kurshaattum august schleacher lithwanian bhaashayekkurichulla avarude bhashaaparamaaya padanangalil eee shekharam upayogichu. charitrakaaranaaya teoder narbut thante lithwaniayude multy-value charithratthil lithwanian puraanangale vivarikkan eee ganangal upayogichu. pilkkala ezhuthukaar, alexander brekneril ninnu aarambhich, puraana gadakangalulla ganangal yadhaarthathil aadhikaarikamaano enna samshayam prakadippichu. grandhangal edittu cheyyumbol 30 gaanangalil pouraanika gadakangal krithrimamaayi cherthathaayi albinas jovaisas samshayichu.
mattu lithwanian grandhangal.
donalytisinte kayyezhuthuprathikalkku purame, reeza aadam friedrich skimmelphenniginte lithwanian grandhangalum swanthamaakki. 1980ll, meelkkinte 332 varikalulla lithwanian kavithayaya "pilkainis" prasidheekaricha oru pakarpp gaveshakar kandethi. pakarppil prasaadhakante vivarangal illengilum prasidheekaranam thayyarakkukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythath 1820-1825 nuu chuttumulla reesayaanenn vishwasikkappedunnu.
1824-ll eesoppinteyum kristhyan furchegot gellartinteyum 96 kettukadhakalude 70 pejulla samahaaram reeza prasidheekarichu, ithu lithwanian bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheyyukayum christijonas donalytisinte aarr lithwanian kettukadhakalum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. addeham rachicha chila yadhaartha lithwanian grandhangalil onnaaya oru lithwanian aamukham reeza chertthu. mattu prasidheekaranangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, kettukadhakalude shekharam vidyaabhyaasamillaatha graameenare uddeshichullathaayirunnu, athinaal aamukham hraswamaayum lalithamaayum vishadeekarichathu eesoppinte jeevacharitram vivaricha kettukadhakalaanu. 1829ll prasidheekaricha simonas staanavisiyasinte aarr kettukadhakalkku (prasidheekaranathil donalytisinte grandhangalum ulppedunnu) prachodanamaayi donalytisinte kettukadhakal pravarthichittundu.
1811ll jarmman sarvakalaashaalayile 100 varsham pazhakkamulla lithwanian bhasha seminaarinte charithram addeham ezhuthi. 2003ll oru lithwanian vivarthanam thayyarakki prasidheekarikkunnathuvar eee kruthi prasidheekarikkappedaathe thudarnnu. 1824ll prasidheekaricha dactillic hexaameettaril 81 varikalulla lithwanian kavithayodoppam eee kruthiyum undaayirunnu. lithwanian bhasha padippichathinum martin luther, duke albert, frederic vilyam onnaaman raajaavine prashamsichathinum martin lutherine vimarsichathinum ithu oru panagirik nandiyaanu. nandiyaanu 1816lum reesayude mattoru lithwanian panegrik prasidheekarichu. russiayile frederic vilyam moonnaaman rajavineyum russiayile saar alexander onnaaman, neppoliyanethiraaya vijayathin austriyayile francis onnaaman chakravarty prashamsikkunna addehathinte kavita 43 bhaashakalile kavithakalulla oru alankaricha prasidheekaranathil ulppeduthi.
niravadhi lithwanian naadodi gaanangalum pazhanchollukalum ulppede prasidheekarikkappedaathe avasheshicha kooduthal lithwanian grandhangal resayilundaayirunnu. donalytisinte grandhangaleyum lithwanian naadodikkadhakaleyum adisthaanamaakki samsaarikkunna bhaashayude poortthiyaakaattha oru jarmman-lithwanian nighandu addeham samaaharichu. bii, dii, jii, aii, jeey ennee aksharangalkkayi addeham ulladakkam thayyarakkiyathaayi avasheshikkunna rekhakal kaanikkunnu. conigsburg sarvakalaashaalayile lithwanian bhasha seminaarinte nooram vaarshikathinaayi samarppichirikkunna onnu, aadyathe franch saamrajyathinethiraaya sakhyathinte vijaythe prashamsikkunna mattonn enningane kuranjathu rund lithwanian kavithakalenkilum reeza ezhuthiyittundennu ariyappedunnu. litwaniyayil lithwaniayude charithram ezhuthaan recruit cheyyaanum reeza shramichu.
jarmman prasidheekaranangal.
kavita.
1797 muthal reeza kavithakal ezhuthiyittundu. aadyathe aarr kavithakal 1799 ll prasidheekarichu. 1809 ll 61 jarmman kavithakalude samahaaramaaya proottena, oder proosishe volkslider (proottena, allengil prussian naadodi ganangal), 1825 ll 41 kavithakal ennivayude rund vaalyangal reeza prasidheekarichu. kavithakalil palappozhum litwania, puraanam allengil naadodikkadhakal ennivayude charithratthile gadakangal ulkkollunnu. reeza russian lithwaaniyakkaare lithwaaniyakkaaril ninnu verthirichariyathathinaal ellah lithwaniyakkaareyum kurichu ezhuthi. addeham charithrathe aadarshavalkkarikkukayum pazhaya prashyakkaare jeevanekkaal swaathanthryathe vilamathikkunna kuleena janathayayi chithreekarikkukayum cheythu. athe samayam, reeza russian rajyathodu vishwasthatha prakadippichu. udaaharanathinu, addeham prussian commander gebard leberect voonn bluechereyum prashyayude raajnjiyaaya louisineyum prashamsichu. gramavaasikaleyum prakrithiyude shaanthamaaya ramgangaleyum addeham snehapoorvvam vivarichu. addehathinte kavithakalilonnaya oru vaikarikagaanam, maarikkondirunna manalkkunnukal kondu kuzhichumoodappetta addehathinte janmagraamathe vivarikkunnu. addehathinte chila kavithakal pranayakathakalaanu, udaaharanathinu aadam aandu eevu, grand duke vaittauttaas, oru yuva mathsyathozhilaaliyaaya grenwald yudhathil kollapetta oru yuva yodhaavaaya anna.
addehathinte kavithakal klaasikkisathe prathifalippikkukayum addehathinte pala kavithakalum idiyalukalaanu (purathana greak kavi theocritus aayirunnu addehathinu ettavum priyappettava). ennirunnaalum, pranayakavithakalum vaikaarikathayum addehathe swaadheenichu. addehathinte chila kavithakal baaladukalaan. chila kavithakal lithwanian naadodi gaanangalil ninnu gadakangal kadameduthuvenkilum classical purathana kaalaghattatthile mothatthilulla gadakangal prabalamaanu. "orupakshe oosiyante kavithakalude udaaharanathe pinthudarnnu naadodi gaanangale proottenayude thalakkett soochippikkunnu. eee samahaarathil lithuvanian naadodi gaanangalayi visheshippikkappedunna 22 kavithakal ulppedunnu, ennaal aarr maathrame aadhikaarika gaanangalullu, mattullava anukaranangalaan. reesayude kavita addehathinte moolyangale prathifalippikkunnu-valia shakthiyilekko vidhiyilekko ulla nishabda raaji. mattullavar kettippadukkunna mahatwatinu oru cheria bhagam cherkkuka ennathaanu jeevithathinte lakshyam. addehathinte kavithakalil bhavana, vikaarathinte aazham, thithreekaranatthilum aavishkaarathilum moulikatha enniva illa.
mattu jarmman grandhangal.
1814-ll, brandenberg, pomerania, berlin, saileshya, bohemia, france, englandu ennividangaliloodeyulla sainika yaathrakalil ninnulla thante dayari risha 1813-1814 ll prasidheekarichu. addeham sainika prasthaanangalil shradha kendreekarichu, marichu vividha samskaarangal, deseeya swathuangal, kala ennivayil shradha kendreekarichu. johann gottfried herder vivarichathupole addeham aalukalude aathmaavinaayi ("volksaseel") thiranju. 2000ll oru lithwanian vivarthanam prasidheekarichu.
padinjaaran prashyayile ellah purohithanmaarudeyum jeevacharitra nighandu 1777ll aadyamaayi prasidheekaricha reeza chumathalappedutthi. 1834ll rund vaalyangalayi ithu prasidheekarikkappettu. catholica sabhayude charithrathekkurichu 1,074 pejulla oru kaiyezhuthuprathiyum reeza ezhuthi. ithu addehathinte prabhashanangalkkaayi upayogikkukayum 1839-ll parishkarikkappedukayum cheythu. maathyoovinteyum joninteyum suvisheshangalekkurichul 672 pejulla oru kayyezhuthuprathiyum addeham avasheshippichu.

