
roobert colman (vyavasayi)

oru american vyavasayiyum raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu roobert colman (november 4,1748-august 14,1825).
aadyakaala jeevitam.
thomas kolamaante ettu makkalil oralaaya irelandile doggel kaundiyile casilfinil colman janichu. irelandil janichenkilum addehathinte kudumbam engleeshukaaraayirunnu. amerikkayilekku kudiyeriya addeham 1764ll pathinaar vayassullappol pensylvaniayile philadelphiyayilethi. paarambaryamanusarichu, addeham rund aamukha kathukalum moonnu giniyakalum konduvannu.
kolemaante penamaanshippilum vishadaamshangalilulla shradhayilum mathippulavaakkiya marchant maarkk bidilinte gumastanaayi addeham pravarthichu. ithu hoopp well forge furnassile pramukha irumbu maasttar curtis peettar grubb colmane oru book keepparayi niyamikkaan kaaranamaayi. irumbu nirmmaana vyavasayathekkurichum oru irumbu maasttar aakaan enthaanu vendathennum coleman grabbukalkkaayi jolie cheyyumbol padichu. irumbu choola pravarthippikkunnathinni kurachu panam vendivarumennum addeham manassilakki, kaaranam irumbu kayattumathikalil ninnu barter vaangunna saadhanangal thozhilaallikalkk nalkappedunnu.
hoopp well forgil aarumaasathinusesham, pensylvaniayile berks kaundiyile jaims ooldinte kvittapaahilla fozhsu furnassil oru clarkayi.
ayann maasttar.
ooldinte makalude vivaahathin thottupinnaale, 1773-ll pensylvaniayile noristtauninadutthulla salford forge colman paattatthinu nalki. 1776-ll laankaastar kaundiyile manheeminu sameepamulla elisabath choola athinte udamakalude kadakkaaril ninnu paattatthinu nalki. viplava yudhathil bhookhandasainyathinte vedikkoppukalude aavasyakatha muthaleduthu poraattam nadathunna irumbupanikale colman labhakaramaaya oru bisinasaki maatti. elisabath, salford choolakalil peerankigolukalum munthirikkallum nirmmikkaan hessian thadavukaare thozhilaallikalaayi upayogichukondu addeham chelavu kurachu. thalfalamaayundaaya labham addehathe pensylvaniayile aadyathe kodeeswaranakki.
1780num 1794num idayil elisabath choolayile ellah oharikalum vaangaan colman thante labham upayogichu. 1785ll addeham thante bharyaasahodaranil ninnu speed well forge vaangi. mukalilum thaazheyumulla hoopp well forjukalude oharikalum addeham nedi (samanamaaya hoopp well choolayalla). 1786ll cornwall choolayil aarilonn thaalpparyavum 1798ll anjilonnu udamasthaavakaashathinaayi moonnil rund ohariyum addeham nedi. ithu kurtis grabbinteyum henry betts grabbinteyum pakuthiyolam oharikal vaangi. ettavum pradhanamaayi, konvaal choola vaangunnathil konvaal ayiru baankil thulya vihitam ulppedunnu. amerikkayile ettavum sambannamaaya irumbu nikshepangalilonnaayirunnu ithu.
1791ll colman colbrook choola nirmmichu. 1801ll martic forginte oru vihitavum addeham nedi, athinte falamaayundaaya labham addehathe pensylvaniayile aadyathe kodeeswaranakki. addehathinte puthranmaraaya jaims, roobert bared, vilyam ennivar praayamaakumbol speed well forgil pariseelanam nedi, mattu pravartthanangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan munnott pooyi. 1809ll addeham mikka ooppareshanukalum thante puthranmaarkk kaimari.
raashtreeyavum sainyavum.
moonnu pathittaandilere pensylvaniayile oru raashtreeyakkaaranaayum laankaastar kaundiyile federalist party nethaavaayum colman sevanamanushtichu. 1776ll addeham pensylvania samsthaana bharanaghadanaa kanvenshanil pankedutthu. viplava yudhasamayathu, newyorkkinte vinashakaramaaya prathirodhatthinaayi march aidenaayi pensylvania milishya lefttanantil coleman hrasvamaayi sevanamanushtichu. ennirunnaalum, yudhashramathinu kooduthal pradhanappetta sevanamaaya irumbu nirmmaanatthilekku addeham veettilekku madangi.
1783ll addeham pensylvania niyamanirmmanasabhayil sevanamanushtichu. 1787ll american aikyanaadukalude bharanaghadana amgeekarikkunnathinulla pensylvania kanvenshanile prathinidhiyaayirunnu addeham. 1790ll samsthaanathinte charter edittu cheyyaan addeham sahayichu. 1792ll addeham oru president elaktaraayirunnu. 1795ll laitt hozhs laankaastar trupinte captanaayirunnu. eee padaviyil, visky kalapam adichamarthaan sahaayikkunnathin muppathiyanju kuthirappadayaalikale addeham nayichu.
1796ll addeham veendum oru vottar aayirunnu; ithavana thomas jefezhsane presidentaayi thiranjedukkunnathinekkaal joonn aadamsine thiranjedukkunnathil moonnu nirnaayaka vottukalil onnu addeham nedi. 1791 muthal 1811 vare associate jadjia sevanamanushticha addeham american aikyanaadukalile senattilekkulla vijayakaramaya malsaravum nadatthi.
vyakthiparamayi.
1773 october 4nuu pensylvaniayile chesttar kaundiyile reeding furnassil vachu thante thozhiludamayaaya jaims ooldu (1730-1809) enna mootha makalaaya aan ooldine (1756-1884) coleman vivaham kazhichu. eee dambathikalkku onpathu makkalundaayirunnu vilyam, edward, thomas burd, richard, jaims, maargarat, aan carolin, haariyat, saara. 1791ll addeham 400 phalabhooyishta ekkaril thante collebrook choolaykku abhimukhamaayi elisabath phaam house nirmmichu.
1802 muthal 23 varsham pensylvaniayile kaarlisililulla dickinson kolejinte trasttiyaayi colman sevanamanushtichu. franklin kolejinte boardilum sevanamanushticha addeham baank oof pensylvaniayude directoraayirunnu.
1809ll pensylvaniayile laankaastarile eest king streettile oru valia ishtika maalikayilekku avarude ettavum ilaya makkalaya pathimoonnu vayassulla aan carolin, onpathu vayassulla haariyat, ezhu vayassulla saara ennivarodoppam collemanmar thamasam maari. eee neekkathinu thottaduttha varsham haariyat maranamadayukayum thudarnnu oru varshathinusesham roobert maranamadayukayum cheythu.
1818-ll, abhibhashakanaaya jaims buchanan aan karolinumaayi pranayathilaakaan thudangi, aval avalude saamoohika nilavaravum sambathum kondu "catch" aayirunnu. bukkanan oru padaviyo pashchaathalamo illaayirunnuvenkilum prosecuting attorniyaayum samsthaana asamblimaanaayum sevanamanushtichukondu niyamathilum raashtreeyathilum prashasthi nedaan thudangi. 1819-leeii venalkkaalath iruvarum vivaahanischayam nadatthi. dickinson kolejile buchanante checker cheytha charithratthil coleman asanthushtanaayirunnu, avide addehathe rund thavana adhyapakar achadakkam cheyyukayum oru avasarathil pirichuvidukayum cheythu.
1819 october, november maasangalil, philadelphiyayile columbia bridge kambani supreme kodathi kesinte thirakkilaayirunnu buchanan, takarnna sambadvyavasthayum niyamanirmmaanasabhayile adimathavumaayi bandhapetta misauri prashnavum niravadhi idapaadukaare baadhichu-koodaathe aan carolin avaganichu. panam sambaadikkaan valare abhilaashamullayaalaayirunu buchanan; thaan vivaahanischayam cheythathinekkaal kooduthal souhaarddaparavum souhrudaparavumaayirunnu; oduvil, kazhinja aazhchakalil aan kolamaante kadutha aaraadhakanekkaal kuravaayirunnu addeham ennu taunn gassips nigamanam cheythu."bukkanan aan karoline avalude panatthinu vendi vivaham kazhikkukayaanenna thettaaya nigamanatthiletthi. novemberil, aan carolin eee gossip kelkkukayum avalude oru suhruthu ezhuthiyathupole, "misttar. aval vivaham kazhikkunna purushanil ninnu aval pratheekshicha athra snehathode buchanan avalodu perumariyilla, avante thanuppinte anantharafalamaayi aval avanodu oru kuripp ezhuthi, athu thante lakshyamalla, marichu thante sambathaanu ennu aval karuthunnu.buchanan marupadi nalkiyengilum thante sameepakaala perumaattathinu oru vishadeekaranavum nalkiyilla. thudarnnu, filadelfiyayil ninnu lancasterilekku madangiyethiya addeham aadyam oru sahapravarthakante veedu sandarshikkukayum aaa manushyante bhaaryaykkum avalude avivahithayaaya sahodarikkumoppam uchakazhinju chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. deshyathil aan carolina vivaahanischayam avasaanippichu oru kathu ayachu. avar ezhuthi, "ningal oru maanyanaayathinaal, ningale veendum kaanaan njaan agrahikkunnilla."
1819 november 29nuu buchanan ettavum mosham saambathika prathisandhiye nerittappol, 1806 septambaril yunaittad stetts kongras amgam joseph hemphiline vivaham kazhicha sahodari maargarattine sandarshikkaan aan carolin desember 4nuu philadelphiayilekku pooyi. 1819 desember 9 ardharaathrikkushesham aan carolin marichu. jadji thomas kittera ezhuthi, "innale uchathirinju, aarogyathinte oorjjaswalathayode njaan eee yuvatiye theruvil kandumutty, pakshe kurachu manikkoorukalkk sesham avalude suhruthukkal avalude maranathil vilapikkukayaayirunnu. aval vivaahithayaakaan nischayichirunnathinaal asukhakaramaaya chila thettidhaaranakal undaayathine thudarnnu malsaram avasaanichu. eee sahacharyam avalude manassil vettayaadukayaayirunnu. uchakazhinju aval unmaadathinte oru fittil advaanikkukayaayirunnu; vaikunneram aval aswasthayaayirunnathinaal avalude sahodari thiyettar sandarshichu. rathrikkushesham avale sakthamaaya unmaadam kondu aakramichu, ithu doctormaare ayaykkaan kudumbatthe prerippichu, avar ithu udan thanne illaathaakumennu karuthi, pakshe ardharaathri vare avalude pulse kramena durbalamaayi, aval marichu. doow. chaappmaanumaayi samsaaricha doow. histeeriya maranathinu kaaranamaakunnathinekkurich thanikk aadyamaayittaanariyunnathe physic parayunnu.akkaalat, ithu aathmahathyayaanennu chilar vishwasikkunnundengil thelivukalonnumilla. ennirunnaalum, avalude shavasamskara chadangil oru dukhithanaayi nadakkaan buchanane coleman anuvadichilla. avalude maranathil takarnna buchanan "thante sneham shavakudeerathil kuzhichittathinaal orikkalum vivaham kazhikkillennu prathijnjayedutthu.oduvil american aikyanaadukalude charithratthile eaka baachilar presidentaayi addeham maari.
mattoru makal saarayum aathmahathya cheythathayi karuthappedunnu. 1824ll sent. stettile saha-raktaraaya vilyam augustus muhlenberg. laankaastarile jaims episcopal palli, saarayod anubandhichu. sent colman westriyil sevanam cheythu. james muhlenberg vaikunnerathe aaraadhanakal nalkunnathinecholli addehavumaayi kadutha tharkkamundaayirunnu. thudarnnu muhlenberghine colman veettil ninnu vilakki. muhlenberg thante dayariyil ezhuthi, "ennaal bhoumikamaaya oru parigananaykkum, ente hridayathinte priyappetta lakshyam nedunnathinu polum njaan ente sabhayude thalpparyangal ennu vishwasikkunna karyangal thyajikkilla. karthaave, enne sahaayikkaname!'veendum sabhaa kaunsilinu munnil varunnathinu munbu tharkkam oru varshatholam thudarnnu, pakshe appozhekkum coleman prathishedhikkaan kazhiyaathathra rogiyaayirunnu. 1825 augustil pithaavinte maranashesham muhlenberghine vivaham kazhikkaamenn saara pratheekshichu. ennirunnaalum, thante vilppathrathil, coleman thante puthranmaraaya edwardinum jaimsin saarayude inaye amgeekarikkaanulla avakasham nalkukayum atharam amgeekaaram avalude anantharaavakaashavumaayi bandhippikkukayum cheythu. nirbhagyavashaal, avalude sahodaran edwardinum muhlenberghine ishtamalla, koodaathe yuva rector poyaal maathram 5,000 dollar palliykk vaagdaanam cheythu. orupakshe hridayam takarnna saara 1825 avasaanathode philadelfiyayilekku yaatra cheyyukayum avide 23-aamm vayassil marikkukayum cheythu.
77-aamm vayassil laankaastaril vachu colman antharichu. maranasamayathu pensylvaniayile ettavum danikarum bahumaanikkappedunnathumaayu vyakthikalil oraalaayirunnu addeham. addeham dickinson koleju labhavihithavum 1,140 dollar vilamathikkunna ambathu oharikalum carlisal baankil upekshichu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil vyavasaayathin pakaram urukk nirmmaanam undaakunnathuvare konvaal irumbu choola kambaniyude nilanilkkunna kambanikaliloode addehathinte paarambaryam nilanirthappettu.
baahya srothassukal.
colman paper shekharam, seerees 1,1759-1904

