
kaii yong

chainees jyothishaasthranjanum calligrapher charitrakaaranum ganithashaasthranjanum samgeethajnjanum raashtreeyakkaaranum kizhakkan hahn raajavamshathile ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu boji enna soujanyam naamamulla kaii yong (chinesa Каи онг; 132/133-juun 192). calligraphy, samgeetham, ganitham, jyothishaasthram ennivayil addehathinu praaveenyamundaayirunnu. addehathinte penmakkalil oralaaya kaii yaan/kaii venchi oru prashastha kaviyum samgeethajnjayumaayirunnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
innathe kvi kaundi, kaifeng, henanile chenliyu commandary () yuvi kaundiyile ganyamaaya praadeshika kudumbathilaanu kaii yong janichathu. moonnu thalamurakalayi thangalude pradesham vibhajikkappedaathathil kaii kudumbatthinu prashasthi undaayirunnu. pithaav kaii leng () marichappol, kazhinja moonnu varshamaayi swantham ammaye valareyadhikam paripaalikkunnathinide kaii yong ammavan kaii sii () yodoppam thaamasichu. avar marichappol, kaii yong thante ammayude shavakudeerathinte krameekaranatthinte peril ariyapettu. athinusesham, hahn saamraajyathva kottaaratthile ettavum uyarnna raankulla udyogastharil oralaaya huu gwanginte keezhil kaii yong rachana, ganitham, jyothishaasthram, pitch-paippukal, samgeetham enniva padichu.
ling chakravartthiyude keezhil sevanam.
160-kalude thudakkathil, drummukalum gookin kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil kaii yongine huwan chakravarthikku (146-168) muthirnna shandanmaar shupaarsha cheythu. thalasthaanathekkulla yaathraamadhye, kaii yong rogaavastha kaanichu ottaykku padikkaan veettilekku madangi. pathuvarshatthinushesham 170kalude thudakkathil, audyogika kviyaavo shuvaante keezhil oru gumastanaayi keyy yong sevanamanushtichu, addeham addehathinte kazhivukale valareyadhikam prashamsichu. pinneedu, kaii yong oru kaundi majistrettaayum pinneedu thalasthaanathu oru kansalttantaayum libraryile vaachakam edittu cheiyunnathinum samaaharikkunnathinumulla chumatala vahichu. saahitya vaidagdhyathinu peruketta addeham sthuthigeethangal, smaaraka likhithangal thudangiyava ezhuthaan nirantharam niyogikkapettu.
175-ll, kakshikal thangalude kaazhchappaadukale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi kanfyooshyan klaasikkukalil maattam varuthaan sramikkumennu bhayann, kaii yongum oru koottam pandithanmaarum anchu klaasikkukal kallil kothivaykkaan apekshichu. chakravarty ling (168-189) amgeekarikkukayum 183-ll poortthiyaakkiya "sipping stoon klaasikkukal" () athinte falamaayi varum thalamurakalude pandithanmaarkk kaanon sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
thante rashtreeya jeevithathiludaneelam, aachaaraparamaaya achaarangal punasthaapikkunnathinulla vakthaavaayirunna addeham raashtreeyathil shandanmaarude swaadheenathinethire palappozhum vimarsikkappettu. thante smaarakangaliloode 177-leeii shaithyakaalath oru aachaarathil pankedukkaan chakravarty prerippikkunnathil addeham vijayichuvenkilum shandanmarkkethiraaya addehathinte akramanangal athra vijayamaayirunnilla.
178-leeii sharathkaalathil, sameepakaala ashubhasoochanakalekkurichu pandithanmarodu upadesham thedi. shandante veshangale vimarshikkunna reethiyilaan kaii yong prathikarichathu. shandanmaar aakramanathekkurichu ariyukayum kaii yonginum ammavan kaii shick ethire pidichupari kuttam chumathukayum cheythu. avare jaililekku valicheriyukayum vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum cheythenkilum shiksha pinneedu vadakkan athirthikalilekku naadukadatthaanaayi maatti. onpathu maasangalkk sesham, rajavamshacharithratheyum klaasikkukaleyum kurichulla thante pravartthanangal shatru akramanangalil ninnu apakadatthilaanennum thalasthaanathekku thirike anuvadichittundennum addeham simhaasanathe udharichu. ennirunnaalum, madangivarunnathinu munbu oru vidavaangal virunninide addeham swaadheenamulla oru shandante sahodarane vranappeduthi, ithu thalasthaanathe addehathinte sthaanam apakadathilaakki. kaii yong thekk vuu (), quiji commanderimarilekku palayanam cheyyukayum 12 varsham avide thaamasikkukayum cheythu.
dong shuvuvinu keezhilulla sevanam.
189ll yudhaprabhuvaaya dong shuvo adhikaarathil varikayum kendra sarkkaarine niyanthrikkukayum cheythappol addeham kaii yongine saamraajyathva thalasthaanamaaya luvoyangilekku thirike vilippichu. aadyam kaii yong thayyarayilla, pakshe "enikku muzhuvan vamshangaleyum illaathaakkaan kazhiyum" enna bheeshaniyode dong shuvo thante aavasyam nadappaakki, kaii yonginu anusarikkukayallathe mattu maargamillaayirunnu. dong shuvoyude keezhil, kaii yongine kudumbatthinte lephtt generalayi niyamikkukayum dong shuvoyude puthiya sarkkarinulla achaarangal parishkarikkunnathinulla chumatala ettedukkukayum cheythu. oru pandithanum samgeethajnjanenna nilayil kaii yongine dong shuvo prashamsichittum, kaii yong dong shuvoyude kopathekkurichu aashankaakulanaakukayum orikkal veettilekku madangaan aalochikkukayum cheythuvenkilum rakshappedaan kazhiyaathavidham ariyappedunnayaalaanenna bodhyappettu.
192 meyy maasathil, wang yun oru goodaalochanayil dong shuvo vadhichappol, dong shuvoyude maranathil dukkham prakadippichathinu kaii yongine jayililadaykkukayum vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum cheythu. haante charithrathekkurichulla thante pravrithi poortthiyaakkaan anuvadikkanamennu kaii yongum mattu sarkkar udyogastharum wang uninode abhyarthichu, ennaal wang yun avare nirasichu, ingane paranju wang yun oduvil eee theerumaanatthil khedichuvennu parayappedunnu, pakshe kaii yong jayilil marichukazhinjirunnu. addehathinte maranashesham, addehathinte bahumaanaartham chithrangal sthaapikkukayum chenliyu kamaandariyilum yaan pravishyayilum udaneelam anusmarana sthuthigaanangal rachikkukayum cheythu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
kaii yonginte maranashesham pathittaandil chainayile prakshubdhatha kaaranam addehathinte pala kruthikalum nashtappettu. ennirunnaalum, kaii yong thante libraryude bhooribhaagavum thante anuyayiyaaya wang kaante melnottatthil ealppichirunnuvennum, wang kaante shekharathiloodeyaanu kaii yonginte kruthikal "book oof laattar hahn" polulla samahaarangalil kaananakunnathennum vyakthamaan. addehathinte chila kruthikal innum nilanilkkunnu.
addehathinte sambhaavanakalil iva ulppedunnu
fictionil.
gavo minginte pathinalam noottaandile naadakamaaya 'teyil oof dhaa pipa' yile pradhana naayakanaan kaii boji.

