joonn stoon stoon

oru american ganithashaasthranjanum bhauthikashaasthranjanum kandupiduthakkaaranumaayinu joonn stoon stoon (septambar 24,1869-meyy 20,1943). thudakkathil telephone gaveshanathilum thudarnnu aadyakaala radio saankethikavidya vikasippichedukkunnathu addeham pravarthichu, avide tuningile mechappeduthalukalkku addeham prathyekichum ariyappettirunnu. palappozhum noothana roopakalppanakal undaayirunnittum, 1908-ll stoon telegraph, telephone kambani paraajayappedukayum enchiniyaring kansalttantaayi thante kariyarinte backie samayam chelavazhikkukayum cheythu.
jeevacharitram.
aadyakaala varshangal.
american sivil vaar union generalum enchineeyarumaaya chaals pomeroy stoninteyum aanii jeaney [stoon] stoninteyum makanayi virjeeniyayile goochland kaundiyile dover (ippol manakin) graamathilaanu stoon janichathu. 1870 muthal 1883 vare general stoon eejipthile khedivile cheef oof staaf padavi vahikkukayum keyroyil valarumbol joonn stoon stoon engleeshinu purame arabic, franch, jarmman, spanish bhaashakalilum praaveenyam nedukayum cheythu. addehathinte pithaav addehathe ganithashaasthrathil padippichu, kudumbam amerikkayilekku madangiyethiyathinethudnar stoon newyork nagaratthile columbia grammer & preparatory schoolil chernnu, athinusesham addeham columbia yooniversitti school oof mainsil rund varsham sivil enchiniyaring padichu, thudarnnu johns hopkins sarvakalashaalayil rund varsham padichu, avide addeham ganitham, bhauthikashaasthram, saidhaanthikavum praayogikavumaaya vaidyuthi padichu.
telephone jolie.
vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkiya sesham 1890-ll addeham american bell telephone kambaniyil jolie cheyyaan thudangi. masaachyusetsile bosttanil, athinte gaveshana vikasana laboratariyude pareekshana vibhaagathil. avidevechu, olivar hevisaidinte pravartthanangal varachukondu, newyorkkum chikkago thammilulla deerghadoora telephone linkinte kambaniyude vikasanathekkurichu addeham karsanamaaya ganithashaasthra vishakalanam nadatthi. addehathinte pilkkala pravarthanangalil electrical resonance ulppedunnu, ithu oru automatic telephone ekschenchil upayogikkaan kazhiyumennu addeham thudakkathil anweshichu. 1892ll addeham "uyarnna freekwansi traansmissionukal" upayogichu wireless aayi audiyo kaimaran shramichu. eee sramam paraajayappettuvenkilum telephone lainukaliloodeyulla "wired wireless" ("carrier karant" ennum ariyappedunnu) traansmissionukalude vikasanathinu eee jolie baadhakamaanennu thelinju, ennirunnaalum addehathinte pettant apeksha pinneedu mejar jorjju oo. square. 1893-ll addeham telephone upayogathinaayi oru "kooman baattari" samvidaanam vikasippichu, ithu oru kendra sthaanathu ninnu, varikkaarude phoneukal pravarthippikkaan aavashyamaaya vaidyutha pravaham nalki. 1896 muthal 1906 vare addeham masaachyusets instittyoott oof teknolajiyil physics, electrical enchiniyaring ennivayil biruda classukalkku electrical resonancil vaarshika hraswa kozhs oof instruction nalki.
radio vikasanam.
1899-ll stoon thante telephone kambani sthaanathu ninnu raajivachu oru swatantra consulting enchineeyaraayi bosttanil jolie cheyyaan thudangi, ennirunnaalum addehathinte muun thozhiludama addehathe "pettant kaaryangalil kansalttantaayum vidagthanaayum" nilanirtthi. addehathinte aadya upabhokthaav herman dablyu aayirunnu. radio signalukal "wireless laitt housukalaayi" upayogikkunnathinum naavigeshanal direction-findingin thante "telocograph" sisttam thikaykkaan sramikkunna laadu. laadinte sameepanam apraayogikamaanennu thelinjuvenkilum radiotelegraphic signalinginte bhroona saankethikavidya abhimukeekarikkunna budhimuttukalekkurichu eee kruthi aazhathilulla ulkkaazhcha nalki, telephone lainukalile resonant sarcuteukalil thante munkaala pravartthanangal radio traansmittarum reseiver designukalum mechappeduthunnathinna prayogikkaamennu addeham thiricharinju. koodaathe, mattu aadyakaala radio pareekshanangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, electrical sarcuteukal poornnamaayum vishakalanam cheiyunnathinu aavashyamaaya ganitha pashchaathalavum kallinu undaayirunnu.
1900 avasaanathode, oru vaanijya samvidaanam aavishkarikkunnathinulla pareekshanathmaka pravarthanangalkkaayi 10,000 dollar prarambha dhanasahaayathode stoon wireless telegraphy syndicate bosttanil aarambhichu. mattu steshanukalil ninnulla staatik, signalukal enniva moolamundaakunna edapedalinte alavu kuraykkunnathinu oru "uyarnna selectivity" sameepanam vikasippikkunnathin electrical tuninginekkurichulla thante arivu stoon upayogichu. tesla-stail ooppan-coor electrical transformerukalil ninnu aarambhich, traansmittarum reseaver orotta pothu aavruthiyil pravarthikkunnuvennu urappakkaan sahaayikkunnathin "loose coupling" upayogikkunna krameekarikkavunna "selective phoor-surcuted tuning" addeham vikasippichu. (chila sandarbhangalil adhika thiranjeduppinaayi oru adhika idanilakkaaran "kalakal kalayal" surcuted chertthu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, mattu mikka kambanikalum pravarthippikkunna traansmittarukal rund vyathyastha aavruthikalil signalukal uthppaadippikkunna "closs coupling" upayogichu). karyakshamatha vardhippikkunnathinum nashtam kuraykkunnathinum traansmittar, reseiver designukal ganithashaasthraparamaayi vishakalanam cheiyunnathinum addeham prathyeka shradha chelutthi. 1900-nte thudakkathil addeham yuu. eiii. kku apekshichu.ezz. apekshichu.ezz 1901lum nalkia moonnu pettantukalaayi vibhajicha addehathinte tuning varkkinulla pettant.
vaanijyaparamaaya pravartthanangal aarambhikkunnathinayi 1902 madhyathil boosttan aasthaanamaayulla stoon telegraph aandu telephone kambani roopeekarichu. stoon cheef enchineeyaraayi pravartthikkukayum pathinaar kilometer (patthu mile) verthiricha rund steshanukal masaachyusetsile kembridjilum linnilum nirmmikkukayum cheythu. 1905 muthal, spark traansmittarukalum electrolytic dittaktarukalum upayogichu yuu. ezz moolyanirnnayathinaayi demonstration radio telegraph steshanukal sthaapichu.ezz. naavikasena. 1906 avasaanathode sarkkar anchu kappalukalum moonnu karasthaapanangalum vaangi.
1905-leeii venalkkaalath pravarthicha parajayappetta vestten union telegraph kebilinu pakaram nyoo hamshareile shoals dveepin porttsmouthinumidayil kambaniyude aadyathe vaanijya radio telegraph link. 1907ll stoon thante kambaniyude jeevanakkarkkulla oru vidyaabhyaasa vibhavamayi srishticha sosaitti oof wireless telegraph enchineeyarmaar (ezz. dablyu. tii. iii) sthaapikkukayum athinte presidentaayi pravartthikkukayum cheythu. (eee samghadana 1912-ll newyork aasthaanamaayulla "wireless instityoottumaayi" layippichu instittyoott oof radio enchineeyarmaar roopeekarikkum.) 1906-ll kambani kallukondu roopakalppana cheytha oru kappal-boonn "direction-finder" pareekshichu, athu valare krithyamaanengilum, readingukal edukkunnathinu muzhuvan kappal thiriyendathinaal athu apraayogikamaanennu thelinju.
oru cheria swatantra sthaapanamaayi pravartthikkunna stoon vyavasaayathile purogathi nilanirthaan kazhiyillennu kandethukayum 1908-ll addehathinte kambani pravartthanangal nirtthivaykkukayum reseavershippil earppeduthukayum cheythu. vilapetta pettant portfolio ulppedeyulla athinte asthikal liie deforestinte radio telephone kambanikku 10,000 dollar panatthinum 300,000 dollar stokkinum vittu.
1911-nte thudakkathil addeham newyork nagaratthilekku thamasam maari, orikkalkkoodi kansalttantaayi jolie cheythu. niravadhi radio pettant kesukalil saakshyam vahichukondu oru swatantra vidagdhanenna nilayilum addeham praadhaanyam nedi. 1912-ll addeham oru idanilakkaaranaayi pravartthikkukayum, bhookhandaanthara telephone sevanam sthaapikkaan kazhivulla oru amplifieraayi upakaranathe punarnirmmicha eiii. tii. tii enchineeyarmaarkku thante three-electrode audiyo vaakvam-tyoobinte aadyakaala pathipp pradarshippikkaan liie phoorast krameekaranangal nadathukayum cheythu. instittyoott oof radio enchineeyarmaarude presidentaayi aii. dii. 1 stoon sevanamanushtichu.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
1919-ll addeham kaaliforniyayile saan diegoilekku sthiramaayi thamasam maari, avide addehathinte amma rogabadhithayaayi thaamasichu. 1934ll viramikkunnathuvare addeham "american telephone aandu telegraph kambaniyude vikasana, gaveshana vakuppinte oru associate" aayi.
vivaahitharum vivaahamochanam nediyavarumaaya stoon 1943 meyy 20 nuu kaaliforniyayile saan deagoyil vachu marikkukayum emm. tii. yill samskarikkappedukayum cheythu. amma jeane stoninum sahodari eejipt stoon vilsaninumoppam hoopp semiteri. addehathinte maranashesham taamasiyaathe yuu.ezz. addehathinte 1900 tuning pettantinu yuu. esinekkaal mungananayundennu vidhicha 1935 leeii claim kodathi vidhi supreme kodathi sharivachu.ezz. marconiyude "phoor sevens" pettantinu ethiraayi (763,772).
paarambaryamaayi.
joonn stoon stoninu amerikkayil ekadesham 120 pettantukalum mattu rajyangalil samanamaaya ennam telegraph, telephone upakaranangalum radio saankethikavidyayum ulkkollunnu. 1913ll franklin instittyoott edward longstreth medel nediya addehathinu 1923ll instittyoott oof radio enchineeyarmaarude medel oof oonarum labhichu, "radio kalaykku addeham nalkia vilapetta pioneer sambhaavanakalkk", sammana chadangil frederic eiii. kolsttar addehathinte sambhavanakal thazhepparayunnavayumaayi amgeekarichu "radio shaasthrathinte purogathikku joonn stoon stoninekkaal kooduthal sambhavana nalkiyittulla mattarkkum radio lokathinte poornnavum nandiyullathumaaya vilamathippin arhathayilla."
mattu pravartthanangal.
thante rashtreeya, mattu pravarthanangalil addeham american defense sosaittiyude board oof trasttikalil amgamaayi sevanamanushtichu. american akkadami oof arts aandu sayansasinte fello, american association phoor dhii advaansment oof sayansinte fello, wireless telegraph enchineeyarmaarude sosaittiyude muun presidentum vais presidentum, wireless telegraph association oof amerikkayude vais presidentum, american electrochemical sosaitti amgavum, american instittyoott oof electrical enchineeyarmaarude associate amgavum, masaachyusets instittyoott oof teknolajiyude sosaitti oof arts amgavum, maathamaattikkal aandu physical klabbile amgavum, alfa deltta phai saahodaryavum, johns hopkins alumni association oof nyoo englandum, astec klabbile paarambarya amgavum, 1847ll.
addeham sent amgavumaayirunnu. bottolph, teknolaji aandu papirus clubbukal oof boosttan, naashanal arts club oof newyork, armi aandu nevi club, cosmos club oof washington, dii.sii.

