
mask (computing)

computer shaasthrathil, bitt vais pravarthanangalkkaayi, prathyekichu oru bitt feeldil upayogikkunna daattayaan mask allengil bitmask. oru mask, oru baittil onniladhikam bittukal, nibble, vaakk muthalaayava upayogikkuka. orotta bitt vais ooppareshanil oonoo oofoo aayi sajjamakkaam, allengil oonn muthal oof vare (allengil thirichum) invert cheyyaam. maskinginte adhika upayogathil vekttar prosessingile pravachanam ulppedunnu, avide vekttarile eathu ghadaka pravarthanangalaanu nadappilaakkendathennu (mask bitt pravarthanakshamamaakkiyittundu) thiranjedukkaan bitmask upayogikkunnu, allathava (mask bitt vyakthamaan).
saadhaarana bitmask functionukal.
cacos _ 1 lake masking bittukal.
chila bittukal oonaakkaan, cocks _ 3, cocks _ 4 ennee thathwangal pinthudarnnu bitt vais cocks _ 2 ooppareshan upayogikkaam. athinaal, oru bitt oonaakkiyittundennu urappakkaan, cocks _ 2 oru cocks _ 1 upayogichu upayogikkaam. alppam maattamillathe nilanirthaan, cocks _ 2 oru cocks _ 8 upayogichu upayogikkunnu.
udaaharanathina thaazhathe nibble (bittukal 0,1,2,3) maattamillathe vidumbol uyarnna nibilil (bittukal 4,5,6,7) "masking" cheyyuka. 
 10010101 10100101
 allengil 11110000 11110000
 = 11110101 11110101
cacos _ 8 lake masking bittukal.
praayogikamaayi, bittukal "mask cheytha" (allengil cacos _ 1 lake mask cheytha) "oonn" (allengil cacos _ 1 lake mask cheytha) ennathinekkaal "mask cheytha" (allengil cacos _ 8 lake mask cheytha) aanu. oru bitt 0 ulla cockways _ 12 eddu aakumbol, phalam ellaayppozhum 0, i aayirikkum.iii. 13. mattu bittukal yadhaarthathil undaayirunnathupole upekshikkaan, avaye 12eddu aayi kokvil 1 aayi kokvil 16 aayi mattaam. 
udaaharanathina thaazhathe nibble (bittukal 0,1,2,3) maattamillathe vidumbol uyarnna nibble (bittukal 4,5,6,7) "oof" cheyyuka. 
 10010101 10100101
 00001111 00001111
 = 00000101 00000101
oru bittinte staattas chodikkunnu.
mattu bittukal pariganikkathe thanne vyakthigatha bittukalude avastha eluppathil parisodhikkaan bitmaaskukal upayogikkaan kazhiyum. ithu cheiyunnathinu, bitt vais coach 12 upayogichu matellaa bittukalum oofaakkunnathu mukalil charcha cheythathupole cheiyunnu, moolyam coach 8-maayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu. ithu coach 8-nuu thulyamaanengil, bitt oof aayirunnu, ennaal moolyam mattethenkilum moolyamaanengil, bitt oonaayirunnu. ithu soukaryapradamaakkunnathu yadhaarthathil enthaanu moolyam ennu kandethenda aavasyamilla ennathaanu, athu cocew _ 8 allah.
udaaharanam naalaamathe bittinte avastha anweshikkunnu
 10011101 10010101
 00001000 00001000
 = 00001000 00000000
bitt moolyangal toggle cheiyunnu.
ithuvare lekhanam bittukal engane oonaakkaamennum bittukal engane oofaakkaamennum ulppeduthiyittundu, pakshe randum oresamayam allah. chilappol athu yadhaarthathil moolyam enthaanennathu prashnamalla, pakshe athu nilavil enthaanu ennathinu vipareethamaayirikkanam. kokwos _ 21 (exclusive allengil) ooppareshan upayogichu ithu nedaanaakum. ottasamkhyayilulla bittukal coach 1 aanenkil maathram coach 21 coach 1 nalkunnu. athinaal, rund anubandha bittukal coach 1 aanenkil, phalam oru coach 8 aayirikkum, ennaal avayilonnu maathram coach 1 aanenkil, phalam coach 1 aayirikkum. athinaal bittukalude moolyangalude vipareethamaanu coach 1 upayogichu coach 21 cheiyunnathu. yadhaartha bitt coach 1 aanenkil, athu coach 32 nalkunnu. yadhaartha bitt coach 8 aanenkil athu coach 34 nalkunnu. coach 21 masking bitt surakshithamaanennum shradhikkuka, athaayath athu mukhammoodi dharikkaattha bittukale baadikkilla, kaaranam coach 36, oru coach 2 pole.
udaaharanam bitt moolyangal toggle cheiyunnu
 10011101 10010101
 xor 00001111 111111
 = 10010010 011010
oru bitt upavibhaagathilekku ekapaksheeyamaayi 1s umm 0s umm ezhuthaan, aadyam aaa upavibhaagathilekku 0s ezhuthuka, thudarnnu uyarnna bittukal sajjamaakkuka
 rajisttar = (rajisttar & ~ bitmask) | moolyam;
bitmaaskkukalude upayogam.
pravarthanangalilekkulla vaadangal.
sii polulla prograaming bhashakalil, booliyan aargyumentukalude oru koottam oru functionilekku kaimarunnathinulla upayogapradamaaya maargamaan bitt feeldukal. udaaharanathinu, graphics api ooppangil, screeno mattu bafarukaloo maaykkunna coach _ 38 enna command undu. ithinu naalu bufferukal (niram, aazham, shekharanam, stensil bufferukal) vare maaykkaan kazhiyum, athinaal api rachayithaakkalkk ithu naalu aargyumentukal edukkaamaayirunnu. ennaal appol athilekkulla oru kooll ingane kaanapedum
 glear (1,1,0,0);// glear yadhaarthathil pravartthikkunnathu anganeyalla, asthiramaaya coode undaakkum.
athu valare vivaranaathmakamalla. pakaram naalu nirvachikkapetta feeld bittukal undu, coach 39, coach 40, coach 41, coach 42, coach 38 enniva aayi prakhyaapikkunnu.
 void glear (glibitfield bittukal);
appol functionilekkulla oru kooll ithupole kaanapedunnu
 glear (gl _ color _ buffer _ bit) | gl _ depth _ buffer _ bit);
aantharikamaayi, ithupolulla oru bitfield edukkunna oru function vyakthigatha bittukal verthirichedukkaan bainari cockways _ 44 upayogikkaam. udaaharanathinu, cockways _ 38 nadappaakkunnathu ithupole kaanapedaam
void glicker (jii. ell. bitfield bittukal) {
 (bittukal & gl _ color _ buffer _ bit)!= 0) {
 //clear kalar buffer.
 (bittukal & gl _ depth _ bfer _ bit)!= 0) {
 //clear depth buffer.
 (bittukal & gl _ acumy _ bfer _ bit)!= 0) {
 //clear accumulation buffer.
 (bitt & gl _ stencil _ bfer _ bit)!= 0) {
 //stensil buffer clear cheyyuka.
eee sameepanathinte prayojanam function aargyument overhead kurayunnu ennathaanu. ettavum kuranja daattam sais oru baittayathinaal, oopshanukal prathyeka aargyumentukalayi verthirikkunnathu oro aargyumentinum ezhu bittukal paazhaakkukayum kooduthal staakk space edukkukayum cheyyum. pakaram, functionukal saadhaaranayaayi onno athiladhikamo 32-bitt poornnasamkhyakal sweekarikkunnu, oronninum 32 oopshan bittukal vare undu. gambheeramaanengilum, ettavum lalithamaaya nadappakkalil eee pariharam type surakshithamalla. oru kookk 46 oru kookk 47 aayi nirvachikkappedunnu, athinaal compiler kookk 48 allengil kookk 49 lake polum ardhashoonyamaaya oru kooll anuvadikkum. sii + + ll oru badal glickerin sweekarikkaan kazhiyunnathum oru libraryil vrithiyaayi encapsulate cheyyaan kazhiyunnathumaaya aargyumentukalude koottam encapsulate cheiyunnathinu oru klaas srishtikkuka ennathaanu.
vipareeta maaskukal.
enthaanu anuvadikkendathennum nirasikkendathennum vyakthamakkaan aipi aclukalile (axus kantrol listtukal) aipi vilaasangalodeyaanu maaskukal upayogikkunnathu. interfaceukalil aipi vilaasangal krameekarikkunnathin, maaskukal 255 ll aarambikkukayum idathu vashath valia moolyangal undaayirikkukayum cheiyunnu udaaharanathinu, oru mask ulla aipi vilasam. aipi aclukalkkulla maaskukal vipareethamaanu udaaharanathinu, mask. ithine chilappol invezhs mask allengil wilde card mask ennu vilikkunnu. maaskinte moolyam bainari (0s, 1s) aayi vibhajikkumbol, traaphik prosess cheiyunnathil eathu adrus bittukalaan pariganikkendathennu phalangal nirnnayikkunnu. oru "0"-bitt soochippikkunnathu vilasa bitt pariganikkanam (krithyamaaya poruttham); maaskile oru "1"-bitt "shradhikkaruthu" ennaanu. eee pattika eee ashayam kooduthal vishadeekarikkunnu.
mask udaaharanam
network vilasam (prosess cheyyenda traaphik): 
masca 
network vilasam (bainari): 11000000.00000000.00000010.00000000
mask (bainari): 00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111
bainari maskine adisthaanamaakki, aadyathe moonnu settukal (oktattukal) thannirikkunna bainari network vilaasavumaayi krithyamaayi (11000000.00000000.00000010) poruthappedanamennu kaanaan kazhiyum. avasaanathe koottam samkhyakal "shradhikkaruthu" (. 11111111) kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. athinaal, "porutthangal" ennathil aarambikkunna ellah traffic, kaaranam avasaanathe oktattu "kaaryamilla" ennathaanu. athinaal, eee mask upayogichu, () vazhiyulla network vilaasangal prosess cheiyunnu.
acl invezhs mask nirnnayikkunnathin saadhaarana maaskkil ninnu kuraykkuka. eee udaaharanathil, network vilaasathinaayi invezhs mask oru saadhaarana mask upayogichu nirnnayikkunnu.
 - (saadhaarana mask) = (vipareeta mask)
acl thulyathakal
eathenkilum" ennartham varunna uravidam/uravida-wildcard.
hoost" ennathinu thulyamaanu sozhs/wilde card"
imej maaskukal.
computer graphixil, oru chithram pashchaathalatthil sthaapikkaan uddeshikkumbol, sutharyamaaya pradeshangal oru bainari maaskiloode vyakthamaakkam. eee reethiyil, uddeshicha oro chithrathinum yadhaarthathil rund bitmaappukal undu upayogikkaatha pradeshangalkk 0s aayi sajjeekarichirikkunna ellah bittukaludeyum pixel moolyam nalkunna yadhaartha chithram, koodaathe correspondent imej eriyakalkku 0s aayi sajjeekarichirikkunna ellah bittukaludeyum pixel moolyavum chuttumulla pradeshangal 1s aayi sajjeekarichirikkunna ellah bittukaludeyum moolyavum nalkunna oru adhika "mask". valathuvashathulla saambilil, karutha pixalukalkku poojya bittukalum velutha pixalukalkku oru bittum undu.
rann samayat, pashchaathalatthil chithram screenil vaykkunnathinu, prograam aadyam bitt vais, ooppareshan enniva upayogichu aavasyamulla kordinettukalil imej mask upayogichu screen pixalinte bittukal maraykkunnu. ithu sutharyamaaya pradeshangalude pashchaathala pixelukal samrakshikkunnu, athesamayam poojyangal upayogichu pixalukalude bittukal reesett cheiyunnu, avaa ovarlaappu cheytha chithram maraykkum.
thudarnnu, bitt vais allengil ooppareshan upayogichu pashchaathala pixalinte bittukalumayi samyojippichu prograam imej pixalinte bittukal render cheiyunnu. eee reethiyil, chuttumulla pixelukal samrakshikkunna pashchaathalatthil imej pixelukal uchithamayi sthaapikkunnu. pashchaathalatthil chithratthinte thikanja samyukthamaanu phalam.
pooyinting device karsarukal peyint cheiyunnathinum, pratheekangal, bullattukal muthalaayavaykkulla (sprittukal) saadhaarana 2-dii viidiyoo geyimukalilum, gwi aikkanukalkkum, viidiyoo taittil cheiyunnathinum mattu imej mixing aaplikkeshanukalkkum eee saankethikavidya upayogikkunnu.
bandhappettathaanenkilum (ore aavasyangalkkaayi upayogikkunnathinaal), sutharyamaaya nirangalum alfa chaanalukalum bainari masking vazhi imej pixel mixes ulppedaatha saankethikavidyakalaanu.
haash tableukal.
oru haash tableinaayi oru hashing function srishtikkaan, palappozhum oru valia domainullah oru function upayogikkunnu. functionte aouttputtil ninnu oru soochika srishtikkunnathinu, shreniyude valuppavumayi poruthappedunna domaininte valuppam kuraykkunnathinu oru modulo edukkaam; ennirunnaalum, haash tableinte valuppam rund valuppangalilekku parimithappeduthunnathum pakaram oru bitmask upayogikkunnathum palappozhum pala prosessorukalilum vegathilaanu.
sii yill moduloyudeyum maskinginteyum oru udaaharanam
int maine (shoonyam) {
 koonst yuyint32 _ tii namu _ bakkattukal = 0xffffffff;// 2 ^ 32-1
 koonst yuyint32 _ tii maiks _ records = 1 '10;// 2 ^ 10
 koonst yuyint32 _ tii haash _ bitmask = 0x3ff;// (2 ^ 10)-1
 chaar * * tokkan _ array = poojyamaanu;
 tokkan _ areikkulla memory alokkeshan// handle cheyyuka...
 chaar tokkan [] = "chila hashable moolyam";
 yuyint32 _ tii hashed _ tokkan = haash _ function (tokkan, strellen (tokkan), namm _ bakkattukal);
 //modulo upayogikkunnu
 sais _ tii soochika = haash tokkan% maiks _ recordukal;
 //allengil
 //bitmask upayogikkunnu
 sais _ tii soochika = haash tokkan & haash bitmask;
 *(tokkan _ array + soochika) = tokkan;
 //tokkan _ areyil ninnu memory swathanthramaakkuka...
 0 thirike nalkuka;

