rochafort rakthasakshikal

franch viplavathinushesham prathipaksha purohithanmaare peedippicha 829 roman catholica purohithanmaaril 64 perum rochafort rakthasaakshikalaayirunnu. manushyathvarahithamaaya saahacharyangalil avare rochafortil ninnu jayil kappalukalil paarppikkukayum avaril 505 perr marikkukayum cheythu. 1995ll joonn pooll randaaman marpappa rochafort rakthasaakshikale vishudharaakki.
charithram.
vardhichuvarunna theevravaadi kristhyan virudha nayatthinte bhaagamaayi franch viplavathinte utharavu nambar. paschima aafrikkayilekku purohithare naadukadatthunnathinekkur 1793 october october 906 puratthirangi. purohithanmaarude ("refractairmaar" ennu vilikkappedunnavar) sivil bharanaghadanayude prathinjja nirasikkukayo raddaakkukayo cheythatho viplavathe pinthunaykkaathathinu apalapikkappettatho aaya ellah purohithanmareyum naadukadatthanam. ithuvare kudiyeriyittillaathavar olichirikkaan kazhiyaathavaro ishtappedaathavaro aaya purohithanmaare arast cheyyukayum 1794 maarchinum julaikkum idayil sainika allengil police gaardinte keezhil mattu naadukadatthappettavarkkom kuthiravandikalil koottamaayi naantas, bordo allengil rochfortilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. naadukadatthappetta 2412 purohithanmaaril 829 perr rochafortil ethi jayil kappalukalil thadavilakkappettu, pradhaanamaayum "dukes-asosiyettukal", "washington" enniva muun adimakkappalukalaayirunnu. aadyathe thadavukaare 1794 epril 11 nuu 40 adimakale kondupokaan uddeshichullathum chilappol 400 thadavukaaraaya purohithanmaare paarppichathumaaya "dukes-associationukalil" kondupoyi. juun pakuthiyode "washington" cherkkapettu.
kappalukalkk yathraye athijeevikkaan kazhiyaathathinal, prathyekichu britiish naavika uparodham kaaranam franch thuramukhangal upekshikkunnathu enthaayaalum saadhyamaakumaayirunnilla ennathinaal, aafrikkayilekkulla purappaad orikkalum gauravamaayi pariganichirunnilla.
mathiyaya bhakshanavum shuchithva saahacharyangalum illaathe purohithanmaare tirakkeriya kappalukalil kadinamaaya kaavalil thadavilaakki. praarthikkunnathinum laattin samsaarikkunnathinum karsanamaaya nirodhanam undaayirunnu. augustil, kappalile saahacharyangal asahaneeyamaayitheernnathinne, rogikalodu sittoyenne dveepil (ippol portt-dess-baarkkukalude bhagamaaya ail maadam) erangaan utharavittu, avide oru thaalkkaalika koodaaram ashupatri thayyarakki. 1794 august 18 muthal 20 vare dveepilekku konduvanna 83 thadavukaaril 36 perr athichernnu manikkoorukalkullil marichu. october avasaanathode, kadinamaaya kaalavastha kaaranam, kaattil niravadhi koodaarangal thakarnnathine thudarnnu feeld ashupatri adachu, ellah thadavukaarkkum shaithyakaalam kappalukalil chelavazhikkendivannu.
fraansile rashtreeya saahacharyangalile mattangal kaaranam, 1794 leeii sharathkaalathinte avasaanam muthal kaavalkkaarude perumaattam kurachukoodi soumyamaayirunnu, 1795 januvariyil purohithanmaare kappalukal vidaan anuvadichu; athijeevichavar rund grouppukalaayi vishudharilekku march cheyyaan nirbandhitharaayi, avide avare mochippichu. mothatthil, 829 purohithanmaaril 505 perum typhus allengil durbalata moolam marichu, pradhaanamaayum 1794 juuninum septambarinum idayil. pakuthiyolam pere forasinu sameepam ikes dveepilum 254 pere sittoyenne/madamilum adakkam cheythu, avide innu kallukal kondu roopappetta oru cross rakthasaakshikale anusmarikkunnu.
sweekaranam.
sweekaranam 1796lum athijeevichavar motham moonnu reportukal prasidheekarichu. 1806-ll, athijeevicha piyari-gregoire labishe dii rainfort "1794-lum 1795-lum less dukes associates, leeii washington kappalukalil thadavilakkappetta purohithanmaar mathathinuvendi anubhavicha kaaryangalekkurichu valare vishadamaaya vivaranam undaayirunnu, ikes dveepinteyum athinte chuttupaadukaludeyum thuramukhathu sathyaprathinja cheyyaan visammathichathin", athil addehathinte thadavukaar ezhuthiya oru appeel adangiyirikkunnu, koodaathe erakalude eee bhaagatthinte bhaaviyekkurichulla athmaavum pratheekshayum vyakthamaakkunnu. eee saakshyam anusarichu, athijeevichavar thangalude kashtappaadukal sahichu daivahithathinu keezhadangumennum, thangal anubhavicha kaaryangalekkurichu vivechanaadhikaaram nilanirtthumennum, oru chodyathinum utharam nalkillennum, prathyekichu sahathadavukaarude eathenkilum balaheenathakalekkurichum thettukalekkurichum nishabdatha palikkumennum, mochitharaaya sesham bhauthika nashtangalekkurichum oru amarshavum koodaathe bhaaviyile rashtreeya pravartthanangal upekshikkumennum vaagdaanam cheythu.
deseeya anuranjanathinte thaalparyaprakaram, nepolian bonapart chakravarty eee vishayathekkurichulla eathoru pothu charchayum adichamarthukayum angane pathittaandukalaayi purohithanmaarude vidhi marakkukayum cheythu. durithabaadhitha graamangalude sameepat maathramaan sambhavangalude oormma pothu arivaayi nilaninnath. 1863-ll rochaforttinaduthulla seyint-nassair-surr-chaaranteyude puthiya edavaka purohithanaaya isidor manso sambhavangalekkurichu ariyukayum 1886-ll rund vaalyangalulla oru prasidheekaranathiloode avayilekku shradha aakarshikkukayum cheythu. muun dominican aime gillan dii montliyoon 1821-ll luis XVII-yude keezhil rajakeeya punasthaapana velayil prasidheekaricha "franch viplavathinte rakthasaakshithvam", viplava fraansile mathaparamaya peedanatthinu irayaayavare aadyakaala kristhyan rakthasakshikalumaayi thaarathamyam cheythu. rochafort kappalile jeevanakkaarude vidiyekkurichulla vishadamaaya oru adhyayam athil adangiyirikkunnu.
aaradhana.
1910 augustil portt-dess-barkkukalilekkulla vaarshika theerthaadanatthinte paarambaryam aarambhichu; athu innum thudarunnu. athe samayam, laa roshell bishop jeane-auguste-francois-eutrope isouttiyar oru beatification prakriyaykkulla praadhamika vivarangal aarambhichu, athinaayi piyar lemonnier (1848-1924) 1916 lum 1917 lum prasidheekaricha metteeriyal samaaharichu (590 hraswa jeevacharithrangal ulppede). beatificationaayi romil uyarnna aavasyangal kanakkileduthu, lemonniyarinte maranashesham addehathinte pingamiyaaya landrey poywart eee prakriya veendum thurakkendivannu. charitrakaaranaaya jackwus herise (1882-1969) "less pontons dii rochefort" (1792-1795) prasidheekarichu enna vasthuthayil ninnu addehathinu prayojanam labhichu, 1925 ll akkadami francisil ninnu oru sammanam nalki. 1932 muthal 1936 vare nadanna beatification prakriyaykku charitraparamaayi nannayi rekhappeduthiyittulla 102 perukalil shradha kendreekarikkaan kazhinju.
ennirunnaalum, saadhuvaaya canonical aavashyakathakalkanusarichu rakthasaakshithvathinte thelivu theliyikkaan eluppamaayirunnilla. 1989 vare daivashaasthranjanum charitrakaaranumaaya yavs blom (* 1948) eee cases veendum parisodhikkukayum 1992-ll oru puthiya "poositiyoo suuppar shahidrio" avatharippikkukayum cheythu, ithu aaa 64 purohithanmaarkk vichaarana parimithappedutthi, avarude vyakthithvavum aadaravum vendathra nirnnayikkaanum surakshithamakkaanum kazhiyum. eee prakriya 1995 october 1 nuu joonn pooll randaaman marpappa jeane-baptist soosi, 1734-1794, addehathinte 63 koottaalikale rakthasakshikalaayi abhishekam cheiyunnathilekku nayichu.

