
shabda samgeetham

shabdathinte aavishkaaraparamaaya upayogathinte savisheshathayaanu shabdasangeetham. itharathilulla samgeetham parambaraagatha sangeetha sanbradaayangalil samgeethavum samgeetharahithavumaaya shabdangal thammilulla vyathyaasathe velluvilikkunnu. shabda samgeethathil shabdathe oru praadhamika vashamaayi avatharippikkunna vaividhyamaarnna sangeetha shailikalum shabdathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla srishtiparamaaya reethikalum ulppedunnu.
shabdasangeethathinu shabdaparamaayo electronic reethiyilo srishtikkappedunna shabdavum parambaraagathavum paarambaryetharavumaaya sangeetha upakaranangalum avatharippikkan kazhiyum. thalsamaya mesheen shabdangal, sangeetha ithara vokkal teknikkukal, shaareerikamaayi krithrima audiyo media, prosess cheytha shabda recordingukal, feeld recording, computer janarettucheytha shabdam, yaadruchika prakriya, vaikalyam, feedback, staatik, hiss, humm thudangiya kramarahithamayi uthppaadippikkunna mattu electronic signalukal enniva ithil ulppeduthaam. uyarnna vooliyam levelukalkkum neelamullathum thudarchayullathumaaya kashanangalkkum oonnal nalkaam. kooduthal saadhaaranayaayi shabda samgeethathil mechappeduthal, vipuleekritha saankethikavidya, shabdasankadam, anishchithathvam thudangiya vashangal adangiyirikkaam. pala sandarbhangalilum, ragam, aikyam, thaalam allengil pulse ennivayude parambaraagatha upayogam vitharanam cheyyappedunnu.
bhavithala kalaa prasthaanam (prathyekichu luigi rusoloyude intonarumori, "ell 'arte dee rumori" (shabdangalude kala) manifesto enniva) shabda soundaryathinte vikasanathinu pradhanamaayirunnu, athupole thanne daadaa art prasthaanavum (1919 epril 30 nuu berlinil nadanna "aanti symphony" kacheriyaanu oru pradhana udaaharanam). 1920kalil franch samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya edgard verez, newyork dadda marsell dachaambiloodeyum francis picabiayude maasikayaaya "391" vazhiyum bandhappettappol, 1920kalude aadya pakuthiyil ezhuthiya shabda-pindangalude adisthaanathil thante samgeethathinte gadakangalekkurichu sangalppichu; "oofraands", "hyperprism", "okdaandar", "integralukal". dhaarshtyathode contition cheytha chevikalkku, samgeethathile puthiya enthineyum ellaayppozhum shabdam ennu vilikkunnu" ennu verez chinthichu, addeham chodyam unnayichu "enthaanu samgeetham ennaal samghaditha shabdangal?" 
ettud ooks kemins dii ferr" ("railway patanam") ennathil ninnu aarambhicha piyar shaferinte "music konkreett" 1948 rachanakalaaya "sink ettuds dii bruts" ("anchu shabda padanangal") eee charithratthinte thacolaanu. "paareesile railway steshanil aarr neeravi locomotteevukal wisling, trackukalkku mukaliloode vegatha vardhippikkukayum neengukayum cheiyunna trainukal enniva ulppedunna oru koottam recordingukal "ettud ooks kemins dii ferr" ulppedunnu. samgeethamallaatha record cheytha shabdangalil ninnaan eee bhagam poornnamaayum uruthirinjathu, athinaal shabdam samgeethathinte sveekaaryamaaya uravidamaakaamenna rasoloyude bodhyathinte thricharivu. "sink ettuds dii bruts" 1948 october 5 nuu "" kacheri dii bruts "" ("" shabda kacheri "") enna peril oru radio prakshepanatthiloode pradharshippichu ".
1960kalil pinneedu, flexes art prasthaanam oru pradhana punk vahichu, prathyekichu flexes aartistukalaaya joou johns, yasunavo toonn, jorjju brech, roobert whats, wolf vosttal, dieter roht, yoko ono, naam juun paikk, walter dii mariyayude "ooshyan music", milan nisaakkinte "brokkan music composition", aadyakaala laa monde yang, tehisa kosugi, flexesumaayi bandhapetta samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya jaims tenniyude "analog #1 (shabda patanam)" (1961). 
samakaalika shabda samgeetham palappozhum angeyattatthe shabdavum valachodikkalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. atharam saankethikavidyakal chooshanam cheiyunna sradheyamaaya vibhagangalil noys roock aandu noow wave, vyaavasaayika samgeetham, japanois, glitch polulla poost digital samgeetham enniva ulppedunnu. pareekshanathmaka roock mekhalayil, luu reedinte "mettal mesheen music", soonik yoothu enniva udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. shabdathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla vasthukkal avatharippikkunna samgeethasamvidhaayakarudeyum baandukaludeyum mattu sradheyamaaya udaaharanangalil ayans senakis, carlheins stockhousen, helmut lachenman, cornelius cardue, thiyettar oof ettenal music, glen branca, rais chaatham, ryoji ikeda, survival research laborattarikal, vaitt house, koyil, mersbau, kaabare voltaire, saikkik tivi, jeane tingweli ennivarude shabda shilpathinte recordingukal (prathyekichu "bascule VII"), herman nish-nte "oorjiyan misteeriyan thiyettar", laa monde yamginte 1960 kalude avasaanathil ninnulla booad gong kruthikal enniva ulppedunnu.
nirvachanangal.
danish shabda, sangeetha sidhaanthakanaaya torban sankled parayunnathanusarichu, samgeethathil shabdathinu orotta nirvachanam saadhyamalla. pakaram sankled shabdathinu moonnu adisthaana nirvachanangal nalkunnu oru sangeetha shabdashaasthra nirvachanam, oru ashayavinimaya signalinte valachodikkaline adisthaanamaakkiyulla randaamathe ashayavinimaya nirvachanam, athmanishtathaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla moonnaamathe nirvachanam (oru vyakthikk shabdam ennaal mattoraalkk ardhavathaayekkaam; innale asukhakaramaaya shabdamaayi kanakkaakkappettath innalla).
mure shaafarinte abhipraayathil naalu tharatthilulla shabdangalundu anaavashya shabdam, samgeethamillaatha shabdam, eathenkilum uchathilulla shabdam, eathenkilum signalling samvidaanathile aswasthatha (telephonile staatik polullava). samgeethavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol shabdamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnavayekku nirvachanangal kaalakramena maari. benn vaatsan thante lekhanamaaya "noys aas permanant revolution" ll, ludwig vaan beethovante "gross fyooj" (1825) akkaalat thante prekshakarkku "shabdampole thonni" ennu choondikkaanikkunnu. theerchayaayum, oru charadukalude naalamgasamghatthinte avasana chalanamenna nilayil beethovante prasadhakar athine athinte yadhaartha pashchaathalatthil ninnu neekkam cheyyaan addehathe prerippichu. addeham angane cheythu, pakaram oru thilangunna "algro" upayogichu. pinneedu avar athu vevvere prasidheekarichu.
shabda samgeethatheyum athinte moolyatheyum nirvachikkanulla shramathil, pooll heggarty (2007) prashastha saamskaarika niroopakaraaya jeane boudrilard, jorjas baatteyil, theoder arneno ennivarude srishtikal udharikkukayum avarude kruthikaliloode "shabdathinte" charithram kandethukayum cheiyunnu. nuzhanjukayattavum anaavasyavum", "naipunyakkurav, uchithamallaathath", "bheeshaniyaaya shoonyatha" enningane addeham vyathyastha samayangalile shabdathe nirvachikkunnu. pathinettaam noottaandile kacheri haal samgeethathil ninnu aarambikkunna eee pravanathakal addeham kandethunnu. naalara minitt nishabdathayiloode (kej 1973) oru prekshakan irikkunna joonn kejinte rachanayaya '4'33 'aanu shabda samgeethathinte thudakkathe prathinidheekarikkunnathenna heggarty vaadikkunnu. herty sambandhichidatholam, "shabda samgeetham", "4'33" ennathupole, "abhikaamyamaaya" shabdavum (shariyaayi play cheytha sangeetha svarangal) eric saatti muthal noonn muthal glen branca vareyulla ellah shabda samgeethavum undaakkunna abhikaamyamallaatha "shabdavum" thammilulla pirimurukkatthe thikachum prathinidheekarikkunna aakasmika shabdangalaal nirmmicha samgeethamaanu. japanese shabda samgeethathekkurichu ezhuthumbol, heggarty soochippikkunnathu "ithu oru vibhaagamalla, marichu ithu onniladhikam tharam, eee vaividhyathinte savisheshatha koodiyaanu... matellaa vibhaagangaleyum soochippikkunna japanese shabda samgeetham ellah shailikalilum varaam... ennaal nirnaayakamaayi eee vibhaagathekkurichulla chodyam chodikkunnu-tharamthirikkunnathum tharamthirikkavunnathum nirvachikkaavunnathumaayinthe ardhamenthaanu?"(herty <aii. dii. 1>).
ezhuthukaaranaaya dougless qaan, "noys, vaattar, meettu eiii histtari oof soundu inn dhii arts" (1999) enna thante kruthiyil shabdathe oru maadhyamamaayi upayogikkunnathinekkur charcha cheyyukayum aantonin aarttoud, jorjju brech, vilyam baros, serji aisanstain, flexes, alaan capro, maikkal mcclure, yoko ono, jaaksan pollock, luigi rusolo, dijiga vertov ennivarude ashayangal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
" "(1985) ll, shabdasangeetham kevalam prathifalippikkunna onnalla, marichu saamoohika parivartthanangalude munkoor roopamaayi kanakkakkikkondu shabdasangeethavum samoohathinte bhaviyum thammilulla bandham jackwus attali paryavekshanam cheiyunnu". samgeethathile shabdam saamoohika maattatthinte pravachanaathmakamaanennum shabdam samoohathinte upabodhamanassayi engane pravarthikkunnuvennum-puthiya saamoohikavum raashtreeyavumaaya yaadhaarthyangale saadhookarikkukayum pareekshikkukayum cheiyunnuvennum addeham soochippikkunnu. samgeethathinte saadhaarana charithrathe addeham thadassappeduthukayum samskaarathe sidhaanthamaakkaanulla shramathil shabdam ulppeduthukayum cheythath niravadhi shabda sangeetha saidhaanthika padanangalkku vazhiyorukki.
savisheshathakal.
aadunikavum samakalikavumaaya kalayude bhooribhaagatheyum pole, shabda samgeetham chuvade soochippicha shabdathinte negatteevu swabhaavasavisheshathakalude savisheshathakal edukkukayum avaye soundaryaparavum saangalppikavumaaya reethikalil upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu.
saadhaarana upayogathil, shabdam enna vaakkinte ardham anaavashya shabdamo shabda malineekaranamo ennaanu.
electronicsil shabdathinu shabda shabdavumaayi (oru audiyo sisttathil) bandhapetta electronic signaline allengil tharamthaazhthappetta televisionilo viidiyoo chithratthilo 'manju' ennu saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunna (vishwal) shabdavumaayi bandhapetta electronic signaline soochippikkaan kazhiyum. signal prosessingilo computingilo athine ardhamillaatha daattayaayi kanakkakkaam; athaayath, oru signal kaimaran upayogikkaatha daatta, ennaal mattu pravartthanangalude anaavashya upolppannamaayi maathram uthppaadippikkappedunnu. shabdathinu manushyarilum electronic ashayavinimayathilum oru sandeshathinte ardham thadayaano valachodikkaano maattaano kazhiyum.
paranna power spectral saandrathayulla oru kramarahithamaya signalaanu (allengil prakriya) vaitt noys. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, eathu kendra aavruthiyilum oru nischitha bandwidthinullil signalil thulyamaaya power adangiyirikkunnu. ellah aavruthikalum adangiyirikkunna velutha prakaashathinu samaanamaayi velutha shabdathe kanakkakkunnu.
aadyakaala aadhunikavaadikal nishkalankaraaya kalayil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathupole, chila samakaalika digital art shabda sangeethanjjar vayar-recorderukal, 8-track vediyundakal, vinail recordukal thudangiya purathana audiyo saankethikavidyakalil aaveshabharitharaanu. pala kalakaaranmaarum svanthamaayi shabdamundaakkunna upakaranangal nirmmikkuka mathramalla, avarude swantham prathyeka recording upakaranangalum ishtaanusritha software (udaaharanathinu, joseph nechwaattal "vairal symphany" srishtikkaan upayogikkunna sii + + software) nirmmikkukayum cheiyunnu.
1910-1960.
uthbhavam.
futurism aandu myoosikkal notes" ennathil danielle lombardy franch samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya karol-berardinecurichu charcha cheythu; 1910 ll "mechanical fozhsinte symphany" kall rachicha isak aalbenisinte vidyaarthi shabda samgeethathinte upakaranangalude prashnangalekkurichu ezhuthi. oru notteshan sisttam vikasippikkukayum cheythu.
1913-ll bhaavipravarthakanaaya kalakaaranaaya luigi rusolo thante prakadanapathrika "shabdangalude kala" ennu vivarthanam cheytha "ell arte dee rumori" ezhuthi, vyaavasaayikaviplavam aadhunika manushyarkk kooduthal sankeernamaaya shabdangal vilamathikkanulla kooduthal sheshi nalkiyittundennu prasthaavichu. parambaraagatha madhurasangeetham parimithappeduthunnathaayi rasolo kandethukayum bhaaviyile pakarakkaranaayi shabdasamgeethathe vibhavanam cheyyukayum cheythu. addeham "intonerumory" enna peril niravadhi shabdamundaakkunna upakaranangal roopakalppana cheyyukayum nirmmikkukayum avaykkoppam oru shabda oorkkastra samghadippikkukayum cheythu. resweglio dii unaa sittaa" (oru nagaratthinte unarvu), "kanvegno dii eroplaani iii dii automobili" (vimaanangaludeyum automobileukaludeyum yogam) ennee kruthikalum 1914-laanu aadyamaayi avatharippichathu.
addehathinte "graan concerto futuristico" (1917) yude oru prakadanatthinu rasolo thanne pravachichathupole prekshakaril ninnu sakthamaaya ethirppum akramavum nerittu. addehathinte intoning upakaranangalonnum athijeevichittillengilum aduthide avayil chilath punarnirmmikkukayum prakadanangalil upayogikkukayum cheythittundu. japanois polulla samakaalika shabda samgeethavumaayi rasoloyude kruthikalkku kaaryamaaya saamyamillengilum, shabdathe oru sangeetha soundaryamaayi avatharippikkanum shabdathe oru kalaa maadyamamenna dhaarana vipuleekarikkanum addehathinte sramangal sahayichu.
luigiyude sahodaran saha itaaliyan futurist samgeethasamvidhaayakanumaaya antonio rusolo, yadhaartha "intonarumori" avatharippikkunna rund kruthikalude recording nirmmichu. 1921ll "corell", "serinatta" ennee kruthikalulla phonograph nirmmikkukayum, prashastha shabda yanthrangalkkethire sajjeekaricha parambaraagatha oorkkastra samgeethathe samyojippikkukayum, athijeevichirikkunna oreyoru shabda recording ithaanu.
1916 muthal marsell dachaambinte aadyakaala daadayumaayi bandhapetta oru kruthiyum shabdathode pravarthichu, pakshe eathaandu nishabdamaaya reethiyil. marsell dachaambinte kandethiya object redimedukalilonnaaya "eiii brute secrut" (maranjirikkunna shabdathode), walter arrensberg upayogichu duchamp poortthiyaakkiya oru shabda upakaranam srishticha oru sahakarana kruthiyaayirunnu. oru pazha rahasyam" elakkumbol akathu enthaanu pottitherikkunnathu ennathu oru rahasyamaayi thudarunnu.
shabdam kandethi.
ithe kaalayalavil kandethiya shabdathe oru sangeetha vibhavamayi upayogikkunnathu paryavekshanam cheyyaan thudangi. 1917 meyy 18 nuu paareesile chaatlett thiyettaril nirmmicha oru prakadanamaaya "paredu" oru aadyakaala udaaharanamaanu, ithu jeane kooktiyoo vibhavanam cheythu, pablo picaso roopakalppana cheythu, leonid massin nrithasamvidhaanam cheythu, eric saatti samgeetham nalki. nirmmaanatthil upayogichirunna samgeethathinu purameyulla vasthukkale kooktiyoo "tromp ell ooriyili" shabdangal ennu vilikkukayum dynamo, mozhs coode mesheen, sairanukal, steem enchin, airplane motor, typetiterukal enniva ulppeduthukayum cheythu. arseni avraamovinte "factory sairanukalude symphany" enna rachanayil naavika kappal sairanukalum visilukalum, buzz, kaar honukal, factory sairanukal, peerankikal, phogonukal, peeranki thokkukal, mesheen ganukal, hydro-airplayinukal, 1922 ll bakku nagaratthil avatharippichappol pathaakakalum pisttalukalum upayogichu oru team nadatthiya oru kashanathinaayi "internaashanal", "marcelise" ennivayude shabdamundaakkunna prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheytha steem-visil mesheen enniva ulppedunnu. 1923 ll arther honegar "pasaphik 211" srishtichu, ithu oru neeravi locomotteevinte shabdam anukarikkunna oru aadhunika sangeetha rachanayaan. mattoru udaaharanam autorino repikhiyude 1924-leeii oorkkastra kashanam "pines oof roome" aanu, athil oru naittingel recordinginte phonographic playback ulppedunnu. 1924ll jorjju aantheyil 16 pianokal, 3 airplane propellerukal, 7 electric bellukal enniva ulppedunna upakaranangalulla baale mechanic enna peril oru kruthi srishtichu. dudley marfiyum fernand legger chernnu athe perilulla daada chithrathinu samgeethamaayittaanu eee kruthi aadyam vibhavanam cheythathenkilum 1926 ll ithu oru kacheriyaayi swathanthramaayi pradharshippichu.
1930-ll pooll hindemith ernsttum shabda montageukal srishtikkunnathinaayi recycle cheytha recordukalum 1936-ll edgard veras recordukal pareekshichu, avaa pinnott play cheyyukayum vyathyastha vegathayil play cheyyukayum cheythu. shabda upakaranangal upayogichu nedaan kazhiyaatha shabdathinte "thudarchayaaya ozhukunna vakram" srishtikkaan warres neratthe sairanukal upayogichirunnu. 1931-ll, 13 kalikkarkkaayulla vaarisinte "ionization" 2 sairanukal, oru simhathinte garjanam, 37 thaalavaadya upakaranangal enniva upayogichu shabdathinte adisthaanathil maathram samghadippikkunna aadyathe sangeetha srishtiyaayi maari. vaarisinte sambhavanakalekkurichu abhipraayappettukondu american samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya joonn kej, warris "samgeethathinte ippozhathe swabhaavam sthaapichu" ennum mattullavar shabdangalil ninnu 'sangeetha svarangale' vivechanam kaanikkumbol thanne addeham shabda mekhalayilekku thanne neengiyittundennum prasthaavichu.
1937-ll ezhuthiya oru lekhanathil, samgeethathinu purameyulla vasthukkal upayogikkunnathil thaalparyam prakadippicha kej, shabdamennu addeham vilicha shabdangalum sangeetha shabdangalum thammil verthirichariyaan thudangi, athinte udaaharanangalil mazha, radio chaanalukalkkidayil staatik, "manikkooril ambathu mile vegathayil oru truck" enniva ulppedunnu. adisthaanaparamaayi, koombaaram oru vyathyasavum kaanichilla, addehathinte kazhchappadil ellah shabdangalkkum srishtiparamaayi upayogikkaan kazhiyum. soonik paristhithiyude gadakangal pidichedukkukayum niyanthrikkukayum shabda vasthukkalkk ardham konduvarunnathinu shabdaghadanayude oru reethi upayogikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte lakshyam. 1939ll addehathinte prakhyapitha lakshyangal paryavekshanam cheiyunna oru koottam kruthikal srishtikkunnathinaayi kej aarambhichu, aadyathethu freekwansi recordingukalulla rund variable speed tentebilukal ulppedeyulla upakaranangalkkayulla "saangalppika landscape #1" aayirunnu.
1961-ll jaims tennie computer synthesised noys upayogichu "analog #1: noys stadi" (teppinaayi), prashasthamaaya elvis presley recordingle sample edukkukayum kaikaaryam cheyyukayum cheythukondu "kolash nambar 1 (blue sude)" (teppinaayi) enniva rachichu.
pareekshanathmaka samgeetham.
1932-ll, bouhouse kalakaaranmaaraaya laslo moholi-naani, ooskaar fishinger, pooll arma ennivar record groovukalude bhauthika ulladakkangal parishkkarikkunnathil pareekshanam nadatthi.
1940 kalude avasaanathil saan fraansiskoyile henry kovalinte swaadheenathil, luu harrison joonn kejum "junk" (maalinya) percussion samghangalkkaayi samgeetham rachikkaan thudangi, uchithamaaya tyoon cheytha break dramukal, flover pottukal, gongs ennivayum athilereyumkkaayi jankaardukalum chainadaun purathana kadakalum thiranju.
europil, 1940 kalude avasaanathil, piyari shafer teppile shabdangalude savishesha swabhaavathe soochippikkunnathinaayi "music konkrettu" enna padam upayogichu, avaa thudakkathil srishticha uravidathil ninnu verthirichu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu paareesil radiodifusion-television fraansaisinte studiyo dii 'esaay roopeekarikkaan piyari shafer sahayichu. thudakkathil franch prathirodhatthe sevikkunna studiyo dii 'essay rachanakalil electronic upakaranangal nadappilaakkunnathil kendreekarichulla sangeetha vikasanathinte kendramaayi maari. eee groupil ninnaan music konkreett vikasippichath. record cheytha shabdam, electronics, tape, aanimett, nirjeeva shabda srothassukal, vividha krithrima saankethikavidyakal ennivayude upayogamaanu oru tharam electro acoostic samgeethamaaya music konkreettinte savisheshatha. étude aux Chemin de fer" (1948) ennu vilikkappedunna shaferinte "sink études de bruts" ("anchu shabda ettuds") ll aadyathethu parivartthanam cheytha locomotive shabdangal ulkkollunnu. avasaanathe ettud, "ettud paathettik" (1948), soos paanukalil ninnum kanal bottukalil ninnum record cheytha shabdangal upayogikkunnu. "sink ettuds dii bruts" 1948 october 5 nuu "" kansertt dii bruts "" enna peril oru radio prakshepanatthiloode pradharshippichu ".
music konkrettinetthudarnnu, mattu aadhunika kalaa samgeethasamvidhaayakaraaya richard maxfield, carlheins stockhousen, gottfried maikkal coinig, piyari henry, ians senakis, laa monde yang, david tudor ennivar ganyamaaya electronic, vokkal, instrumental kruthikal rachichu, chilappol kandethiya shabdangal upayogichu. 1947 avasaanathode, aantonin artode '("daivathinte nyaayavidhiyode cheythathaanu"), vividha percusive gadakangalumaayi kalarnna psylophonic shabdangalude kramarahithamaya shabdangal niranja oru audiyo kashanam, bhayappeduthunna manushyarude nilavilikal, nilavilikal, grandukal, onomattopoyiya, glosolalia ennivayude shabdavumaayi kalarthi. 1949-ll, novo realism aartist yavs clain "monodon symphany" (aupachaarikamaayi "monodon-sailans symphany", 1947-1948 enna ashayam) ezhuthi, ithu oru 20 minitt susthiramaaya coord (thudarnnu 20 minitt nishabdatha) ulkkollunna 40 minitt oorkkastra kashanam-oru droninte shabdathinu engane samgeetham nirmmikkaan kazhiyumennu kaanikkunnu. 1949-ll, eric saattiyude samgeethathekkurichu gaveshanam nadatthaan paarees sandarshikkunna joonn kejumaayi piyari boulas sauhrudam sthaapichu. yudhakaalathu joonn kej samgeethathe kooduthal njettikkunna dishakalilekku nayikkukayum piano, junkyard percussion, electronic gadjettari ennivaykkaayi ezhuthukayum cheythirunnu.
1951-ll, panthrand radio reseaverukalkkaayulla kejinte "saangalppika bhooprakrithi #4" newyorkkil pradharshippichu. eee rachanayude prakadanam vividha tharamgadairkhyangal, dairkhyam, chalanathmaka thalangal ennivayude soochanakal adangiya oru score upayogikkendathundu, ivayellaam aakasmika pravartthanangal upayogichu nirnnayikkappettu.
oru varshathinusesham 1952-ll, kej tape adisthaanamaakkiyulla rachanayil thante alittorik reethikal prayogichu. 1952-ll carleans stockhousen "ettud" enna peril oru mithamaaya music konkrettu vidyaarthi kashanam poortthiyaakki. aii chinginte" aavasyangalkkanusarichu krameekarichirunna arunoorolam tape sakalangal chernna addehathinte prashasthamaaya kruthiyaaya "vilyams mixes" enna kruthiyude falamaayi kejeyude srishtikal undaayi. 1952-leeii venalkkaalath black moundan collegil aadyathe kala "nadakkunna" kalachithravum vivaadaparamaaya "nishabda kashanam" ennu vilikkappedunna "4'33" enna kalaaroopavum addeham anaachaadanam cheythappol, koottinte aadya samoolamaaya ghattam athinte unnathiyilethi. 4'33" "nte aadya pradarshanam nadathiyathu david tudoraanu. addeham pianoyil irikkunnathum piyaanoyude adappu adaykkunnathum prekshakar kandu. kurachu samayathinu sesham, oru kurippum vaayikkathe addeham adappu thurannu. kurachu kazhinju, onnum kalikkatheyaanu addeham veendum adappu adachathu. kurachu samayathinu sesham addeham orikkal koodi adappu thurannu pianoyil ninnu ezhunnettu. skorinte pejukal thirikkumbol addeham oru stopp vaachil dairkhyam samayappeduthiyenkilum tudoro mattaarum bodhapoorvam shabdam nadathaathe, oru nottu play cheyyaathe thanne aaa bhagam kadannupoyi. appol maathrame prekshakarkku koodu nirbandhichathenthaanenna thirichariyaan kazhiyoo nishabdatha ennonnilla. shabdamundaakkunna shabdangal eppozhum sambhavikkunnu. 1957-ll, edgard verez "poyim electronic" enna peril scrapping, thambu, bloying enniva upayogichu srishtikkappetta shabdangal upayogichu electronic samgeethathinte oru vipulamaaya kashanam tapil srishtichu.
1960-ll, joonn kej phono vediyundakalkkaayi 'stailas'-nuu pakaram videsha vasthukkal upayogichulla shabdasamvidhaanam 'vediyunda samgeetham' poortthiyaakki, kondaakt microphoneukal vazhi vardhippicha cheria shabdangal. 1960-ll naam juun paikk sthira tapinum kaii niyantritha tape playback headinumaayi "flexusobject" rachichu. 1960 meyy 8 nuu, takeysa kosugi, yasunavo toonn ennivayulppede aarr yuva japanese sangeethanjjar shabda samgeethathinte rund tape recordingukalulla oongaakku group roopeekarichu "automatism", "object". eee recordingukalil vaakvam kleaner, radio, oayil drum, paava, oru koottam vibhavangal ennivaykkoppam parambaraagatha samgeethopakaranangalude misrithavum upayogichu. koodaathe, tape recordinginte vegatha kaikaaryam cheyyukayum record cheiyunna shabdangale kooduthal valachodikkukayum cheythu. 1965ll ontaariyoyile landanil roopeekaricha lokathile ettavum dairkhyameriya shabda niyamamaya kaanadayude nihilist spaasam baand, avar thanne swaadheenicha niravadhi puthiya thalamurakalumayi pravartthikkaan athijeevichu, innum prakadanam nadathukayum record cheyyukayum cheiyunnu, soonik yoothinte tharsttan muur, hijokaidante jojo hairoshige enniva polullava. 1967-ll, romile oru live acoostic/electronic improvisational grouppaaya music, berlinile academy derr kunsteyil record cheytha glass, motor oayil canukal thudangiya "sangeetha ithara" vasthukkalil kondaakt microphoneukal upayogichu "bahirakasha pedakam" enna peril oru recording nadatthi. arupathukalude avasaanathil, kalakaaranaaya michelanchalo pistoletto aarambhicha "loow suu" enna koottaaya shabdapravarthanathil avar pankedutthu.
1968 aayappozhekkum roobert morris, roobert smithson, richard sera thudangiya kalakaaranmaar "aadhunikavaadikalennu visheshippikkaan kazhiyaatha yukthisahamaya oru saahacharyathilekku praveshichuvennu kalaa niroopakanaaya rosalind cross vaadichu."soundu art athe avasthayilaanu, pakshe vitharanathinu kooduthal oonnal nalki. eee postmoden poost-industrial samskaaratheyum athu nirmmikkunna prakriya vivarikkan upayogikkunna padangalaayi antifom proses art maari. gurutharamaaya kalaa samgeetham eee samyojanathodu theevramaaya shabdathinte adisthaanathil prathikarichu, udaaharanathinu laa monde yang flexes rachana "89 vii 8 sii. 1:42-1:52 AM paarees kaserakal, meshakal, benchukal muthalaayavaykkulla kavithayil ninnu "encore" cheiyunnu."yanginte rachana" "rund shabdangal" "(1960) vipuleekaricha thaalavaadyathinum janaalappanikalkkum meshakal, kaserakal, benchukal ennivaykkulla addehathinte kavithakalkkum vendi rachichathaanu"."(1960) furnitureukal tharayil pottia shabdangal upayogichu. 1960 kalile engleesh pareekshanathmaka grouppaaya aam electronica, swatantra improvisation, shabda samgeetham ennivayude thudakkakkaraayi olmyoosik vilayiruthi, "shabda baandukal avayude praadhamika uravidam parisodhikkaan svayam kadappettirikkunnu."
janapriya samgeetham.
"pedicholoo!"1966-ll kandupiduthathinte ammamaarude aadya aalbam avant-gaard soundu kolash upayogichu-prathyekichu samapana track" "dhii ritten oof dhii sann oof monsttar maagnett". " athe varsham, art roock group dhii velvett underground avarude aadya recording andy warhole nirmmichappol, "noys" enna peril oru track nirmmichu. olmyoosik godsine oru aadyakaala shabda bandai vilayiruthi "avant-gaard shabdam/jankinte moonnu viraykkunna bittukal avar 1966-1968 ll ninnu record cheythu. pakuthi japanese allengil shaagukalude prototype pole shabdamundaakkunnu." 
"naale orikkalum ariyilla" ennathu beettilsinte 1966 studiyo aalbamaaya "revolverinte" avasana trackaanu; oru lennan-mccartney gaanamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna ithu praadhamikamaayi joonn lennan ezhuthiyathaanu, pooll mccartneyude krameekaranatthinu pradhana sambhavanakal nalki. trackle lupe cheytha tape efakttukal ulppedunnu. stockhousente "gezang derr jungling" ketta sesham veettil nirmmicha oru inch audiyo tape looppukalude oru bagg trackinaayi mccartney vitharanam cheythu. oru tape recorderinte maaykkunna thala pravarthanarahithamaakkunnathi recording nadathumbol mesheeniloode teppinte thudarchayaaya oru lupe spool cheiyunnathiloodeyum, tape nirantharam ovardab cheiyunnathiloode oru saachureshan ephakt srishtikkunnu, ithu music konkreettilum upayogikkunna oru saankethikathayaanu. 1968ll "vaitt aalbathinaayi" nirmmicha "revolution 9" enna gaanatthiloode beettils eee sramangal thudarum. ithu shabda kolash maathramaan upayogichathu, ithu lennan-mccartneyude perilaanu, ennaal jorjju haarisaninteyum yoko onoyudeyum sahaayathode joonn lennan aanu ithu pradhaanamaayum srishtichathu.
1975-ll, nedu laggin raundu recordukalil "seastonukal" enna peril barppukalum bleeppukalum niranja bahirakasha shabdangalum anthareeksham niranja electronic shabda samgeethathinte oru aalbam puratthirakki. steeriyo quadraphonic shabdathil record cheytha eee aalbam, jerry garzia treat cheytha gitaar vaayikkukayum phil lesh electronic alembik baas vaayikkukayum cheiyunnathulppede nandiyullah marichavarude amgangal athidhi prakadanangal avatharippichu. david crossby, grays slick, jefezhsan vimaanathile mattu amgangal ennivarum aalbathil prathyakshappedunnu.
1970-kall-innuvare.
shabda paarayum tharangavumilla.
luu reedinte eratta ell. pii. mettal mesheen music (1975) kaalakramena shabda samgeetham ennariyappedunna oru vibhaagamaayi maarunnathinte praadhamika savisheshathakal ulkkollunnathayi udharikkappedunnu. three speed uhar mesheenil record cheythathum bob ludwig maasterd/enchiniyaring cheythathumaaya eee aalbam, vaanijya studiyo shabda samgeethathinte aadyakaala, ariyappedunna udaaharanamaanu, sangeetha niroopakanaaya lesttar bangs parihaasyamaayi "manushyante cheviyude charithratthil ithuvare nirmmichathil vachu ettavum mikacha aalbam" ennu visheshippichu. ekkaalatheyum mosham aalbangalil" onnaayi ithu paraamarsikkappettundu. 1975-ll, maasttar tape munnottum pinnotum play cheythum tape flip cheythum nirmmicha "mettal mesheen music" recordinginte quadrophonic pathipum rca puratthirakki. laa monde yangile drone samgeethathekkurichu nannayi ariyunna eedu "mettal mesheen myusikkil" oru pradhana swaadheenamaayi addehathe udharikkunnu. 60kalude madhyathil [joonn kaale], [[marian saseela], [[henry flaint], [[angus maclis], [[tonny konraad]] thudangiyavarumaayi chernna oru shabda grooppaayirunnu youngs [[nithya samgeethathinte thiyettar]. nithyasamgeethatthinte vairudhyamulla susthira svarangalum uchathilulla vardhanavum kaaleyude thudarnnulla [[bhoogarbha velvett]-lekkulla sambhaavanakale vairudhyavum prathikaranavum upayogikkunnathine swaadheenichu. arupathukalude madhyathil avar nirmmicha shabda sangeetha recordingukal kaale 's inside dhaa dream syndicate' seerees (kaale, konraad ennivar cheruppakkaarumaayulla koottaaya pravarthanatthinu nalkia badal peraanu dream syndicate) polullava kaale, konraad enniva purathirakkiyittundu.[[crowtrock baandukal [[nyoo!]]] koodaathe [[faust (baand)]|faust]] shabdathe avarude rachanakalil ulppeduthum. ronnie sarig, "dhii secrut histtari oof roock" enna grandhatthinte rachayithaav [[qaan (baand)]|kaans] sophomor aalbam [[tago mago]] "avant-gardinode [[shabda samgeetham]] ethrayo aduthaanu."
anuyojyamaaya peru [[noys roock]] fuse [[roock samgeetham]|roock] shabdathilekku, saadhaaranayaayi thirichariyaan kazhiyunna "roock" upakaranangal upayogichu, ennaal valachodikkalum electronic efakttukalum kooduthal upayogikkunnathinoppam, [[[swathuabodham]], improvisation, [[velutha shabdam]] ennivayude vyathyastha alavukal. eee vibhaagathile sradheyamaaya oru baand [[soonik yoothu]] aanu, [[noow wave]] samgeethasamvidhaayakaril ninnum [[glen branca]] [[[rais chaatham]] (svayam [[laa monde yang]] vidyaarthiyaanu) ll ninnum prachodanam ulkkondavanaanu. maarkk maastezhs, noow wave enna thante pusthakatthil, [[maars (baand)] polulla aakramanathmakamaaya noothanamaaya aadyakaala irunda shabda grouppukal choondikkaanikkunnu.|maars], [dii. enn. eiii (american baand)|dna] [[pank roock]], avant-gaard [[minimalism]], [[perfomence art]] ennivayilekku aakarshichu. 1981 juunil newyork art spacil [[soonik yoothu]] [[vaitt kolangal]] samghadippicha [[tharsttan muur] [[shabda utsavam]] enna onpathu raathrikalude shabda samgeethavum thudarnnu 1983 meyy maasathil [[live scalp]] amgangal samghadippicha "[[shabda roock]] parambarayumaanu eee shabda sanjaarapathathil pradhaanappettath.
vyaavasaayika samgeetham.
1970kalil kala enna ashayam thanne vikasikkukayum [[athijeevana gaveshana laborattarikal]], [[borbettomagus]], [[eliot sharp]] thudangiya grouppukal eee sangeetha/speshyal aashayangalude ettavum vairudhyamullathum sameepikkaavunnathumaaya vashangal sweekarikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu. ekadesham athe samayam, poppu grouppaaya [[thrubbing gristtil], [[kaabare voltaire (baand)] ennivaykkoppam vyaavasaayika shabda samgeethathinte aadyathe postmoden tharamgam prathyakshappettu.|kaabare voltaire], noonn ([[booid rais]]). eee [[kaasatt kalchar] releasukalil palappozhum saan tape editting, starkk percussion, aavarthichulla looppukal enniva kadinamaaya shabdamaayi maarunna tharatthil valachodikkappettirikku. 1970kalilum 1980kalilum [kollan thamasha], [[thrubbing gristtil]], maarkk stuvartt & maphia, [[koyil (baand)] thudangiya vyaavasaayika shabda grouppukal undaayirunnu.|koyil], [[liback (baand)]|lybach], [[temple oovu saikikk yoothu]], [[smegma (baand)]|smegma], [[murivulla nazhs]], [[ainstarsende newbouttan]] ennivar vipulamaaya steju prakadanangalil uchathilulla loha thaalavaadyam, gitaarukal, paarambaryethara "upakaranangal" (jackhamerukalum asthikalum polullava) enniva kalarthi vyaavasaayika shabda samgeetham avatharippichu. eee vyaavasaayika kalakaaranmaar shabda ulppaadana saankethikavidyakalude vyathyastha alavukal pareekshichu. [[short wave radio]] upayogikkunnathinulla thaalpparyavum eee samayat vikasichu, prathyekichu [[joonn dunken (aartist)]-nte recordingukalilum thalsamaya prakadanangalilum ithu vyakthamaan.|joonn dunken]. [[navaa-daadaa]], [[samyojanam (kala)] thudangiya saankethikavidyakalude upayogam ennivayaanu [[[[postmoden]] vyaavasaayikaananthara shabdakala swaadheenikkunna mattu kalaa prasthaanangal.|asamblej], [photomontage]|mondej], [[brikoleju]], [[viniyogikkal (kala)]|]]. [[testt vakupp]], [[clock dii. vii. eiii]], [[factrics]], [[autopsia], [[rathrikaala udvamanam]], [[vaitt house (baand)] thudangiya baandukal|vaitt house], [[muricha thalakal]], sutcliff jugend, [[espike (baand)]|ezz. pii. keey]] taamasiyaathe pinthudarnnu.
1970-kalil hoome kaasatt recording saankethikavidyayude pettennulla vyaavasaayika-poost thaangavunna vilayum [[pank roock]] oresamayam swaadheenam cheluthiyathum [[noow wave]] soundaryabodham sthaapikkukayum innu saadhaaranayaayi shabda samgeetham ennu vilikkappedunnathinu prerippikkukayum cheythu.<ruffer neyim = "samghadanaa svayambharanaadhikaaram/samgeethathinu purameyulla gadakangal"> maadyamangal.hyper riyal.oorgu, "vyavasaya samgeethathinte pree histtari" 1995 bryan duguid, espisi. samghadanaa svayambharanaadhikaaram/samgeethathinu purathulla gadakangal" enna adhyayam.</rafa.>
japanese shabda samgeetham.
[[fayal masami akita 5267969.jpg|thallaviral|sariyaanu.|2007ll pramukha japanese samgeethajnjanaaya mersbo]]
1980 kalude thudakkam muthal, jappan swabhaavaparamaayi kadinaraaya kalakaaranmaarudeyum baandukaludeyum ganyamaaya uthppaadanam nirmmichittundu, chilappol "[[[japanois]]" ennu vilikkappedunnu, [[[gavanment alfa]], amagasakki, koji tano ennivayile anyagrahajeevikal, orupakshe ettavum ariyappedunna [[mersbau]] (japanese shabda kalaakaaran [[masami akita]] enna thoolikaanaamam, [[daadaa] kalaakaaran [[kurt shwittezhs]] nte [[psychological]] [[kolash]] enna "mers" art projakttil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu. 1970 kalude avasaanathilum 1980 kalude thudakkathilum, akida "mettal mesheen music" oru pooyintaayi edukkukayum gitaar adhishtitha feedbaakkil ninnu maathram shabdathe mochippichukondu shabda soundaryam kooduthal amoorthamaakkukayum cheythu. heggarty (2007) parayunnathanusarichu, "japanese samgeethathil uthppaadippikkappedunna vividha tharatthilulla shabdangalude varavinushesham shabda samgeethathekkurichu samsaarikkunnath pala tharatthil ardhavathaayathaanu, alavinte kaaryatthil ithu yadhaarthathil 1990kall muthalullathaanu... japanese shabdathinte vishalamaaya valarchayode, oduvil, shabda samgeetham oru vibhaagamaayi maarunnu. eee pravartthanatthinte uyarchaykku kaaranamaaya mattu pradhana japanese shabda kalakaaranmaaril [[hijokaidan]], [[virasatha], [[sii.sii.sii.sii. (baand)|sii.sii.sii.sii.]], [[kazhivillaaymakal]], [[kk null]], [[yamasakki masso]] yude [[masona]], [[solmania]], k2, [[jerogerigej]], [[hanatarash]]. nick keyne oof [[vayar (magazin)]|1990 muthal shabda samgeethathile pradhana sambhavavikasangalilonnaayi mersbo, hijokaidan, kazhivillaathavar thudangiya japanese shabda kalakaaranmaarude praadhaanyam] [vayar] thirichariyunnu.
poost digital samgeetham.
vyaavasaayika shabdangal, shabda parakal, tharamgangalillaathava, kadinamaaya shabdangal ennivayude pashchaathalatthil shabda samgeethajnjarude oru vellapokkam undaayittund.|ambiyant], [[microsoundu]], allengil [[glitch (samgeetham)|]-adisthaanamaakkiyulla jolie palappozhum chevikk sookshumamaanu. [[kiim kaaskoon]] eee vikasanathe oru [[poost digital]] prasthaanamaayi paraamarsikkukayum athine "paraajayatthinte soundaryam" ennu visheshippikkukayum cheiyunnu."eee samgeethathil chilath [[piyar-tuu-piyar phayal pankidal]] sevanangalkkum [[nettu label]] soujanya releasukal vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinum nandi paranju vishalamaaya vitharanam kandu. swatantra shabda adhishtitha maadhyamangalude eee vyapakamaaya ozhukkine steevu goodman oru "shabda vairas" ennu visheshippikkunnu."
baahya linkukal.
[[vargamshabda samgeetham| ]]
[[varggam 1970-1990 kaalaghattatthile kaasatt samskaaram]]

