
metrovagonmash 81-717/81-714

1970kalude madhyathil soviyatt yooniyanil roopakalppana cheytha oru metro kaaraan aidi1. 1976 muthal 2010 vare metrovagonmash aii. yumaanu kaarukal nirmmichathu. iii. yathaakramam maitishiyileyum sent peettezhsbargileyum yegorov vaganmash faaktarikal. nirddishta modalukalkkum koodaathe/allengil aadhunikavalkkaranangalkkumaayi uthppaadanam ippozhum thudarukayaanu.
81-717,81-714 ennee perukal soviyatt electric reyil vehicle numpering sisttathil ninnaan vannath, avide 81-717 kaarukal kantrol kaarukalum 81-714 trailer kaarukalumaanu. soviyatt yooniyanil nirmmicha muun metro settukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, avaykku orikkalum akshara vargeekaranam labhichilla, athinaal, avaa 81-seerees allengil "nambar trainukal" (nomernoy posed) ennariyappedunnu. railway aaradhakarkkum chila yaathrakkaarkkum idayil samsaarabhashayil ariyappedunna "nambar trainukal", risttail cheytha frond endukal, sakthamaaya electric traction motorukal, vividha electronic upakaranangalude sankeernavum vishalavumaaya upayogam enniva avatharippikkunnu, koodaathe avayude mungamikalaaya iii-sereesinekkaal kooduthal noothanamaanu, oro kaarinteyum ellah attatthum kantrol descukalude abhaavamaan ettavum valia vyathyasam (ellah kaarukalum motorvalkkarikkappettittum).
1978ll moscoyilum praagilum aadyamaayi vinyasikkapetta avaa athinusesham muun yuu. ezz. ezz. aarilum europian unionile varso, pragu, budapest, sophiya ennividangalilum vyaapakamaayi upayogichu.
charithram.
pashchaathalam.
1970kalode soviyatt unionile mikka metro lainukalum iii-seerees trainukal upayogichirunnu, ithu 1963 ll vanthothil uthppaadanam aarambhichu (prototype 1959 laanu nirmmichathenkilum). 1940 kalude avasaanathilum 1950 kalilum jii, dii-seerees settukalude kooduthal vikasanamaayirunnu avaa, ennaal naveekaricha electric upakaranangal (kondaakttar adisthaanamaakkiyulla, moscoyile dinamo electric mesheen factory nirmmicha). kaarbodikalude nirmmaanatthil (soviyatt reyilveyude riga-biltt err 1 emukale adisthaanamaakki) purogathi undaayittundengilum, traction motorukal valare durbalamaayirunnu, kondaakttar samvidaanathinu paridhikalundaayirunnu. ithu, kaarukalude bharavum oorjja samrakshanathinu oonnal nalkunnathinaayi nirmmicha amita lalithavalkkaricha vaidyutha samvidaanavumaayi bandhappett, mosham aaksilareshan prakadanatthilekku nayichu, ithu akkaalat vividha netvarkkukalile metro lainukalude purogathi kurachirunnu. ithine prathirodhikkaan enchineeyarmaar 3 vyathyastha pariharangal konduvannu
pulse volteju niyanthrana samvidaanam ithinakam sramichittundu. 1972 muthal 1976 vare praagyoovinu vitharanam cheytha iii-seereesinte iii. sii. ezz. sub seerees 1969 muthal 1979 vare budapestinu vitharanam cheytha iii. vii sub seereesil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaayirunnu aaksilareshan, disilaration samayat traction motorukalude avesham niyanthrikkunnathinum avayude prakadanam vardhippikkunnathinum athe carbody nilanirthunnathinum thyrister pulse kanverttarukal ithil ulppeduthiyirunnu. 1973 muthal 1979 vare onniladhikam soviyatt nagarangalilekku vitharanam cheytha ez3/em508t sub seereesaayirunnu mattoru naveekaranam. EI sub seereesil ninnu padicha anubavangal upayogichu (1968 muthal 1973 vare vitharanam cheythath), ithu traction motorukalil pulse volteju niyanthranam prayogikkukayum, ALS-aars suraksha samvidaanangalkkullile reple efakttukal illaathaakkukayum cheythu, eee settukalude pothuvaaya prakadanam valareyadhikam mechappeduthukayum athe samayam, vaidyuthi upabhogam karsanamaayi aavasyamulla reethiyil nilanirthukayum cheythu. sareerabhaaram kuraykkunnathinaayi, kurachu bharam kuraykkaan theerumaanichirunnu, athinaal carbodykal aluminiyathil ninnu nirmmikkum. kooduthal sakthamaaya traction enchinum vikasippichu.
angane, 1973-ll, maitishi mesheen building plaantil, plaantinte cheef designer eiii. eiii. yude neethrthwathil enchineeyarmaarude oru samgham. jii. puthiya trainukalude moonnu vyathyastha prototypeukal roopakalppana cheytha akkimov pinneedu aii-seerees ennariyappettu (akkamitta vargeekaranathil, 81-715 kantrol kaarum 81-716 trailer kaarumaan). aii-seereesinte aadya prototype 1974 ll nirmikkappettu, akkaalat network upayogichirunna mattu mosco metro settukalil ninnu ithu oru valia mattamaayirunnu 72 kilowatt uthppaadippicha yadhaartha iii-seereesumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, puthiya settukal 90 (pinneedu 100) kilowatt uthppaadippichu. aluminium aloy carbodykal kaarukalude tair maas 2 tonn kuraykkukayum thyristerized volteju niyanthranavum eksaitteshanum avatharippikkukayum cheythu, ithu trainukalude vegathayum acceleration valareyadhikam vardhippichu. ithinupurame, puthiya train nirbandhitha vaayusanjaaram (yaathrakkaarude pradeshathe vaayusanjaaram cheiyunnathinulla melkkoorayude koombukal neekkam cheyyuka), yaathrakkaarude pradeshathu puthiya lighting, trailer kaarukalil cabukal neekkam cheyyuka, traininte oro attatthum 1 kyab maathram avasheshikkunnu.
ithu yaathrakkaarude seshiyum prakadanavum valareyadhikam vardhippichu. ennaal athinte gunangal undaayirunnittum, athu athinte nirmmaathaakkalkk doshangal srishtichu ithrayum churungiya samayathinullil vanthothil ulppaadippikkaan kazhiyaathathra sankeernamaayirunnu ithu. kaarukal nirmmikkenda faaktarikalkku ithrayum kuranja samayathinullil aluminium nirmmaana soukaryangal sthaapikkaan kazhinjilla, koodaathe, volteju niyanthrana samvidaanathinum thyristerukalkkum parishkkaranam aavasyamaanu. aii-seereesinte type 1 prototype oduvil nirmikkappettu, ennaal nirmmaanachelavu kuranjathinaal ez3/em508t sub seereesukalude uthppaadanam thudarnnu.
adisthaana model.
1970 kalude thudakkathil, metrovagonmash factory ithinakam thanne orikkalum nirmmikkaatha isad 2 sub seereesukale adisthaanamaakki oru trailer kaar tharam roopakalppana cheythu. kantrol kaarukalum ez2 adisthaanamaakkiyullavayinu, ennaal drivermaarude niyanthranathodoppam munvashavum parishkkarichu. eee rund tharatthilulla kaarukalum pinneedu yathaakramam 81-714,81-717 aayi maari. aii-seereesinte electrical propulsion samvidaanathil ninnu kooduthal paadangal padichukondu 1976nte aadya pakuthiyil maitishi faaktarikal 81 seereesile aadya kaarukal nirmmichu. 5846, 5854, 5855 (kantrol kaarukal), 5837,5867,5868 (trailer kaarukal) ennivayaayirunnu avaa.
puthiya kaarukalude roopakalppana samanamaayirunnu, ennaal athe samayam, ettavum puthiya iii-seerees kaarukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu. carbodykal ekadesham avaykku samanamaayirunnu, avaykku ore alavukalundaayirunnu. chila upakaranangalum (vaathilukal, motor-compressorukal, baattarikal, mattu numatic upakaranangal) isad 3 sub seereesukalil ninnu kondupoyi. ennirunnaalum, ettavum sradheyamaaya baahya maattam traininte munvashathaayirunnu driver kaar traininte madhyathil neekkiyathinaal traininte valathuvashath sthaapichittilla. koodaathe, ekkaaranathaal emarjansi eksitt vaathilukal neekkam cheythu. ippol 110 kilowatt uthppaadippikkunna aii-seereesil ninnulla dii. keey-117bii traction motorukal sthaapichu. pazhaya trainukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol baattarikalkk oorjjam nalkunnathinaayi oru sahaaya vaidyuthi vitharana yoonit (block pitaaniya sobstwens nyooj) sthaapichu. yaathrakkaarude pradeshathu minnal ippol fluorescent vilakkukal upayogichaanu nirmmichathu. ithu kaarukalude bharam vardhippikkaan kaaranamaayi, athinaal springs adisthaanamaakkiyulla suspension upayogikkaan theerumaanichu.
81 seerees kaarukalkk orikkalum aksharavarggeekaranam labhichilla, kaaranam iva sankeernamaaya aii-seerees kaarukalkk pareekshanathmaka badalaayirunnu. ennaal aii-seerees kaarukalude sankeernnatha, athaayath aluminium uthppaadanam, pulse niyanthranam ennivayumaayi bandhappett ananthamaaya krameekaranangal, puthuthayi thuranna soviyatt metro netvarkkukal (thaashkant, khaarkiv muthalaayava).) puthiya kaarukal aavashyamaayirunnu, ithu 81 seerees thiranjedukkunnathilekku nayichu, ithu soviyatt yooniyante puthiya staanderd metro train settaayi maari. aii-seereesinte prototypeukalude uthpaadanam 1980kalil thudarnnu, ennaal aksharavarggeekaranam labhicha avasaanatheth avayaayirunnu, athaayath 81-717/714 muthal nirmmicha metro settukalkku orikkalum aksharavarggeekaranam labhichilla. puthiya settukalude (yausa, rusich, oka, neva, moskwa polullava) roopeekaranathode 81-seerees pinneedu "numpered train" (nomernoy posed; "nomernoy posed") ennariyappettu. nomernoy" ennathu vahana rajistreshan plettukale soochippikkunnuvennum ithu engleesh bhashayil vyaapakamaayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunna peraanennum sradhikkendathaanu.
thudakkathil kaarukalkk valare uyarnna demandaayirunnu, athra uyarnna, athaayath aii. yill uthppaadanam. iii. leningradile (ippol vaganmash sent peettezhsburg ennariyappedunnu) yegorov factory 1980 januvariyil aarambhichu, pinneedu twer (annu kalinin ennariyappettirunnu) reyil kaar factory 1980 madhyathil 81-717 kaarukaludeyum 1985 ll 81-714 kaarukaludeyum uthpaadanam aarambhichu.
ooppareshan.
uthppaadanam aarambhichathumuthal, settukal soviyatt unionile ellah metro netvarkkukalilekkum mikka varso udambadi raajyangalilekkum athichu.
yuu. ezz. ezz. aarr. ullil.
muun yuu. ezz. ezz. aaril, ellah trainukalum yuu. ezz. ezz. aarr upayogikkunnu.
mosco.
1976num 1977num idayil prototypeukal pareekshicha soviyatt unionile 81-717/714 traininte aadya upabhokthaavaayirunnu mosco. 1977 avasaanathode athu puthiya traininayi oordar nalkukayum, aadya trainukal 1978ll coltsevaaya lainil ethi, 1950ll line thurannathinushesham pravarthicha jii-seerees metro trainukalkku pakaram. ithinethudarnnu 1979ll puthuthayi thuranna kalininskaaya line saamoskoretskaaya line. athinusesham avaa netvarkkinte prathinidhiyayi maari, mikkavarum ellah lainukalilum (iii-seerees trainukal upayogichukondirunnava ozhike, avaykku pakaram rusich, oka, moskwa trainukal) upayogichu.
1993 muthal mosco metro <aii. dii. 1> settukal vaangaan thudangi, 1988 ll adisthaana modalinte uthpaadanam avasaanichathinusesham puthiya kaarukal vaangunnathil anchu varshathe edavela vittu (eee samayat, nirbhagyakaramaaya yosa trainukal aasoothrana ghattathilaayirunnu). 1997num 2010num idayil delivarikal thudarnnu.
varshangalayi, 81-717/714 settukalkku mechappeduthalukal labhichu, prathyekichu 1990 kalude avasaanam muthal, parambaraagatha lether bench-type seettukalkku pakaram wandell-proof plaastik seettukal. drivermaarude cabinu mukalil rund headliteukalkku pakaram madhyathil naalu headlightukalude saannidyamaanu bays modalum puthiya settukalum thammilulla vyathyasam.
chila aii. dii. 1 settukalkku prathyeka livarikalundu, prathyekichu "chuvanna ambadayaalam" train, parambaraagatha neela/vella schemine pakaram chuvapp/swarnna niratthil varachirikkunnu. aduthide, naveekaricha settukalil neela corregated vashangalum chaaraniratthilulla vindo baandukalum ulla puthiya mosco metro livery undu. sokolnicheskaaya variyil maathram upayogikkunna 81-717.5a/714.5a settaanu mattoru prathyeka udaaharanam. mosco metroyude eiii-seerees settukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu ithu, oru pazhaya school theem pinthudarnnu purambhaagam cream/choklettu vasthrangalile eiii-seerees settukalkku samaanamaan, athesamayam interior 1950 kalile vandikale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
avarude nilavile vihitam iprakaaramaanu
2017 muthal kramena aii. dii. 1. kall pravartthikkunna onniladhikam lainukalil avatharippicha "moskwa" trainukal kaaranam chila ghattangalil trainukal pinvalikkappedumennu prathekshikkunnu. 2040 oode ellah aii. dii. 1 kaarukalum moscoyil sarvees avasaanippikkumenn shedule cheythittundu.
sent peettezhsburg (munbu leningrad).
line 2 (moskovsko-petrogradskaaya line), line 4 (pravoberesnaaya line)
1980kall muthal line 5 (fransensko-primorskaaya line).
thaashkant.
chilonsore lainile ees 3/em-508 tii kaarukal maattisthaapikkunnathinum usbekistan lainile sarveesil praveshikkunnathinumaayi 1980 muthal 1993 vare trainukal thaashkantilekk athichu. innu metroyil 168 vandikal pravarthikkunnundu.
tbilisi.
akhmetheli-vaarkkettili line (eee lainil chila isad 3, em-508 tii aadhunika kaarukal undu), tbilisi metroyile subertalo line ennivaykku 81-717/714 trainukal sevanam nalkunnu. ellah trainukalum naveekarikkukayum ippol 81-717 m/714 meteraayi oodukayum cheiyunnu. 81-717 m trainukal check blueprintukal upayogichu naveekarichu, athinaal samanamaaya kyab, livery designukal.
yuu. ezz. ezz. aarinu purathu.
yuu. ezz. ezz. aarinu purathu, trainsettukal thudakkathil praaguvilekkum budapestilekkum pinneedu warsoyilekkum sofiyayilekkum athichu. angane, avar ellaavarum.
ettavum valia.
1979num 1990num idayil emm2, emm3 lainukalil sevanamanushtichirunna 81-717.2/714.2 tharam kaarukal hangariyilekku athichu. 2015ll metroyil nilavilulla pazhaya sabway kaarukal aadhunikavalkkarikkunnathu karar oppuvachu. 2016-ll aadyathe sabway train budaapesttil ninnu purappett russiayile metrovaaganmaashilekk thirike athichu, ithu 81-717.2k/714.2k typilekku naveekarichu. aadyathe train 2017 maarchil veendum sarvees aarambhichu, yadhaartha dissy motorukalkku pakaram japanese hittachi vvvf traction sisttangalum motorukalum. bakkiyulla trainukal 2018 augustode vitharanam cheythu. line 2 leeii unitukalkku pakaram aadhunika aalstom metropolis vahanangal sthaapichu.
pragu.
1978num 1990num idayil 507 vandikal (204 motor kaarukalum 303 trailerukalum), rund motorukal bhagangalaayi sookshichu 101 anchu kaar settukal oodikkuka enna lakshyathode, aii. dii. 1. tharatthilaanu vitharanam cheythath. moonnu kaarukal nashtappettu 1986-ll (ippol dejwika) steshanil paalam thettiyathinethudarnnu onnu polikkukayum 1987-ll (ippol haje) steshanil undaaya theepidutthatthil rund nashtappedukayum cheythu. 1990-kalude thudakkathil ettavum pazhaya kaarukalkkayi poornnamaaya punarnirmmaanam shedule cheythirunnu, ennaal oduvil kooduthal poornnamaaya punarnirmmaanam aavasyamaanennu theerumaanikkukayum 1994-num 2010-num idayil mikkavarum ennaal ellah 81-71 kaarukalum shkoda čkd-yum 81-71 m stokkaayi punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu.
sophiya.
thalasthaanathe metro thurakkunnathinu ekadesham ettu varsham munbu 1990-ll bulgariayilekku <aii. dii. 1> tharam metro kaarukal athichu. trainukalellaam naalu vandikal chernnathaanu, ennaal 2005lum 2013lum bulgarian metro samvidaanathinu 81-740.2/741.2 allengil 81-740.2b/741.2b tharam trainukal labhikkunnu, nilavil 81-717.4/714.4 tharam 12 naalu kaar trainukalum 81-740.2/741.2 tharam 40 moonnu kaar trainukalum maathrameyulloo. nilavilulla 81-717.4/714.4 kaarukalude naveekaranathinaayi 2018ll oru karar oppuvachu; aadyathe puthukkiya trainukal 2020laanu vitharanam cheythath. puthukkippanitha trainukal budapest metro line emm3yayaile 81-717.2k/714.2k typinode valare saamyamullathaan.
varso.
1989num 1995num idayil polandilekku 81-717.3/714.3 tharam sabway kaarukal athichu. aarr kaarukal chernnathaanu train settukal. 1994 aayappozhekkum metroic <aii. dii. 2> tharam metro kaarukal labhichu. 2007 num 2009 num idayil russiayil nirmmicha <aii. dii. 1> tharam kaarukalum vitharanam cheythu. 2020 ll eee trainukalkku pakaram check republicil scoda nirmmicha puthiya kaarukal sthaapikkunnathinulla karar oppuvachu. aadyathe scoda train 2022 eprilil vaarsoyil ethi, gunanilavaara parishodhanaykk sesham eee trainukal sarveesil praveshikkukayum kramena pazhaya trainukalkku pakaram vaykkukayum cheyyum.
saankethikamaayi.
muun soviyatt unionile 81-717/714 kaarukal 1520+4 emm track gejukalulla metro netvarkkukalil pravartthikkunnu. sophiya, budapest, varso, prague metro netvarkkukal staanderd gej (1435 millimeter) upayogikkukayum topp-kondaakt shoos upayogikkunna budapest ozhike, bottom-kondaakt shhoo vazhi moonnaam reyilveyil ninnu vaidyuthi sweekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. trainukalkku saadhaaranayaayi oro attatthum 2 kantrol kaarukalum madhyathil variable ennam trailer kaarukalum ulla oru vazhakkamulla roopeekaranamundu. athinaal, oru traininu madhyathil oru kaar maathrame undaakoo, allengil 6 vare, 3 muthal 8 vare kaar formationukal undakkaam. ennirunnaalum, trailer kaarukal illaathe polum trainukal pravarthippikkaan kazhiyunna yerevan metroyil oru sradheyamaaya apavaadamundu. ithinupurame, tbilisi serpsinte sahaayathode naveekaricha <aii. dii. 1> emm traininte iruvashathum 2 cabukal undu, ethir attathu 1 kyab ennathinu vipareethamaayi, shengavit-chaarbakh ekstenshanil yerevanilum ithu upayogikkunnu.
interior fittingukal.
muun soviyatt unionile ellah metro trainukaleyum pole, 81-717/714 trainukalilum deerghamaaya bench irippidam undu, ithu vaathilukalkkum shoonyamaaya central edanaazhikkum idayil kaarukalude chuvarukalil sthaapichittundu. cheria sliding janalakalkkoppam kaarinte melkkoorayile eyar ventukalude sahaayathode yaathrakkaarude pradesham vaayusanjaaramullathaanu.
thudakkathil, haard lether trimmulla bench seettukal eee kaarukalil gadippichirunnu, ennaal 1990 kalilum 2000 kalilum avaa nasheekaranathinu vidheyamaayirunnu. ekkaaranathaal, naveekarichathum pinneedullathumaaya modalukalil oro yaathrakkaranum vevvere plaastik bays, lether lining ennivayulla wandell proof irippidam undu. chilappol loha paarteeshanukalum cherkkaam. mothatthil, bench seettukalkku 6 pere (allengil avasana vibhagangalil 3 pere) ulkkollaan kazhiyum, athaayath ellah kaarukalilum irikkumbol irippida idam 40 muthal 48 vare vyathyaasappedunnu.
oro kaarinum idayil praveshana vaathilukalundengilum, train neengumbol oru kaaril ninnu mattonnilekku kadannupokunnathu valare apakadakaramaanu, ekkaaranathaal jeevanakkar maathrame saadhaaranayaayi atharam jolikal anuvadikkoo. adiyanthira saahacharyangalil vaathilukal upayogikkaam, pakshe avaa chilappol saattseppezhs (russian train sarfezhs) traininte melkkoorayil kayarunnathin upayogikkunnu.
pakarakkaaran.
eee trainukalude kaalaharanavum vaardhakyavum puthiyava upayogichu maattisthaapikkaan thudangiyappol, ennaal vyathyastha sabvekalil ithu vyathyasthamayi sambhavichu, mosco metroyil pakaram aadyam "rusich", pinneedu "oka", "mosco" ennee trainukal undaayirunnu. sent peettezhsbargil, "81-556 neva" trainukal pakaramaayi upayogikkunnu, athesamayam novosibirskil, eee trainukalil palathum "81-540" trainukal upayogichu maattisthaapikkunnu, ithu 81-717-nte kooduthal vikasanamaan. minskill, minskinte praanthapradeshamaaya phaanipolil nirmmicha puthiya stadler kaarukalil 81-717 train oodaan thudangi. baakkuvilum moscoyilum, 81-740 kaarukalkk pakaram 81-765 trainukal upayogikkum, ennaal eee trainukale "bakku" ennu vilikkum.

