
burley kotta

barle kottayude avashishtangal skotlandile kintosinu vadakku onnara mile akale milnathort graamathinu purathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. 15, 16 noottaandukal pazhakkamulla eee kotta ippol 19-aamm noottaandile oru stelinginu ethirvashathu eiii911 roadinu sameepamaan sthithicheyyunnathu, aduthide ithu bhavanamaayi poruthappettu.
charithram.
1456 muthal baalformaarude kaivashamulla barle bhoomiye balgarviyile joonn balforinu jaims randaaman nalkukayum pathinanjaam noottaandinte avasaanathilo pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathilo oru gopura bhavanam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. pittendreechile sarr jaims balfour pathinaram noottaandinte avasaanathil kotta vipuleekarichu, oru moola gopurathodukoodiya oru thirasseela mathilum mattu outbilidingukalum chertthu.
kotta oru soukaryapradamaaya nirtthal sthalamaayirunnu, 1540 januvari 9 nuu merii oof guys barleyil athaazhathinu vannu fackland kottaratthilekku pooyi. skotlandile jaims araman thante makan sarr maikkal baalforinte kaalath pathivayi sandarshakaraayirunnu. 1589 januvariyil kinnell hausil chrismus chelavazhicha sesham jaims VI barleyilaayirunnu. 1596 joolaiyil addeham barleyil thaamasikkukayum pinneedu maar kaundasinte makante naamakaranatthinaayi elakkimariyunna kottayilekku pookukayum cheythu.
kenal vilyam stuvartt 1592 juunil burley kottayil thadavilakkappettu. fackland kottaaratthil vachu jaims aramane pidikkaan sahayikkaan addeham padhathiyittirunnathaayi samshayikkappettu.
1600-ll paarlamentinte oru niyamam maikkal balforine sambannanaakki, bhoovudamakalodum nilakollunna aalukalodum prathirodham shekharikkunnavarkkaayi addehathil ninnu kavacham vaangaan nirddeshichu. thangalude rankum varumaanavum aavasyappedunnathinekkaal kooduthal kavacham vaangaan balfour sramichathaayi niravadhi purushanmaar parathippettu. 1607-ll maikkal balfour barleyile loard balfour enna nilayil peerejilekku uyarthappettu.
anchaamathe prabhuvayi adhikaaramelkkunnathinu munbu 1707-ll baalforinte balyakaala pranayiniye vivaham kazhikkaanulla nirbhagyam neritta inverkeethinginte skoolmaastarude kolapaathakathinu thalayaruth shikshikkappettappol roobert balfour maranathil ninnu engane rakshappettuvennu aitihyam parayunnu. eddinberg tolboothil ninnu rakshapetta balfour jacobite kosil chernnu, lockmabenil 'pazhaya nadi' jaims stuvaartt raajaavine prakhyapikkukayum 1715-ll raisingil pooraadukayum cheythu. jacobayarude paraajayathetthudarnnu, balfour 1757-ll fraansil vachu marichu.
kotta irvinukalkku nashtamaayi, thudarnnu kintosinte grahangalkk kaimari. ippol ithu charitraparamaaya paristhithi skotlandinte samrakshanathilulla oru shedule cheytha purathana smaarakamaanu (praveshana phees illa; nyayamaaya samayangalil aduthulla veettil ninnu thacol labhyamaan).
sameepakaala charithratthil praadeshika kavi maikkal broose barle kottayilum arnot gopuratthilum ninnu prachodanam ulkkond "dhii lavezhs" (1760) enna kavita ezhuthukayum ithu barle kottayilekku olichodippoya arnottukaludeyum baalforukaludeyum sathruthayulla kudumbangalil ninnulla henriyudeyum harrietinteyum katha parayunnu.
kotta.
kottayude avashishtangal oru kaalath chathuraakrithiyilulla muttamo barmkin aayirunnu. vadakku-padinjaaran moolayil, yadhaartha gopura bhavanam moonnu nilakalaayi nilanilkkunnu (onnaam nilayile janaalakalil onnu valareyadhikam valuthaakkiyittundekkum) koodaathe uyarathil oru gaarettum. mathilukal uyarnnu corbell aayi uyarunnu, athu orikkal oru paarapett nadatthatthe pinthunachirunnu. melkkoora aantharika nilakalum ippol illaathaayi, ennirunnaalum nilavara avasheshikkunnu. vadakku-kizhakkan moolayile tenpaikku steyar yadhaarthathil paarapett nadathatthilekku praveshanam nalkunna oru cap housilekku nayichu.
thekk-padinjaaru bhaagath 16-aamm noottaandile oru moola gopuram undu, oru basementinu mukalil rund nilakal uyaramundu, athu athinte melkoora nilanirthunnu. adibhaagathu vrithaakrithiyilulla gopuram oru chathuraakrithiyilulla mukalilathe nilayilekku bandhippichirikkunnu, ithu akkaalathe scotish baronial vaasthuvidyayude mikachathum manoharavumaaya udaaharanamaanu. athinte kallukal valare santhoshathode samrakshikkappedunnu. aakramanakaarikale thadayunnathinaayi eee gopuratthinum keeppinum aditharaykku chuttum thokku looppukalund. corner gopuratthil capp-house thalatthil cheria raundu pisttal-holukalum undu, ennirunnaalum iva yadhaartha prathirodha sheshi nalkunnathinekkaal alankaara phalathinaayi ulppeduthiyittundaam. sarr jaims balforinum bhaarya maargarattinum 1582-leeii theeyathiyum aibi, emby ennee aadyaksharangalum vadakke gable kothivachittundu. oru kamana kavaadam thulachukayariya thirasseela mathilinte oru bhagamaanu rund gopurangaleyum bandhippikkunnath. ippol kallukalude 'thwakk' maathramaanengilum, eee mathil orikkal rund nilakalulla gettu hausinu munnilaayirunnu. kavaadathinu mukalilulla string-kozhs, hood-mould, munbu oru heraldic paanal adangiyirikkunna mould cheytha chuttupaadukal enniva upayogichu, eee mathil skotlandile (orupakshe vrithaakrithiyilulla gopuratthinte samakaalikam) kaalaghattatthile cheruthum ennaal parishkrithavumaaya vasthuvidyaa parishkaaratthinte mikacha udaaharanamaanu. munkaalangalil oru prathirodha kuzhikal barmkinu chuttum undaayirunnirikkam.