
jeane-bedel bokasa

central aafrikkan republicinte (kaar) randaamathe presidentaayum athinte pingamiyaaya samsthaanamaaya central aafrikkan saamraajyathinte (sii. eiii. iii) chakravarthiyaayum 1966 januvari 1 nuu sent-silvesttar attimari dii 'ettaattil ninnu 1979 ll thudarnnulla attimariyil attimari cheyyappedunnathuvare sevanamanushticha oru central aafrikkan rashtreeya, sainika neethaavaayirunnu bokasa onnaaman ennum ariyappedunna jeane-bedel bokasa (; 22 februvari 1921-3 november 1996).
eee kaalayalavil, bokasa pathinonnu varsham presidentaayum moonnu varsham madhya aafrikkayude svayam prakhyapitha chakravarthiyaayum sevanamanushtichu, ennirunnaalum raajyam appozhum oru "yadhaartha" sainika svechaadhipathyamaayirunnu. addehathinte saamraajyathva bharanam 1976 desember 4 muthal 1979 septambar 21 vare neenduninnu. addehathe attimarichathinethudarnna, addehathinte mungamiyaaya david dacoyude keezhil kaar punasthaapichu. bokasayude svayam prakhyapitha saamraajyathva padavi anthaaraashtra nayatantra amgeekaaram nediyilla.
addehathinte asaannidhyathil nadanna vichaaranayilaan bokasa vichaarana cheyyappedukayum vadhasiksha vidhikkappedukayum cheythath. 1986ll addeham kaarilekk madangukayum raajyadrohathinum kolapaathakatthinum vichaarana cheyyappedukayum cheythu. 1987ll pothumaapp kaaranam narabhojikalude kuttangal juurii theerumaanichirunnillenum school kuttikalude kolapaathakatthilum mattu kuttakrithyangalilum addeham kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethi. thathfalamaayundaaya vadhasiksha pinneedu eakaantha thadavilulla jeevaparyanthamaayi kurachenkilum 1993ll addeham mochithanaayi. bokasa pinneedu banguiyil swakaarya jeevitam nayikkukayum 1996 novemberil marikkukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1921 februvari 22 nuu, ekvattoriyal vanathinte attathulla lobaay thadatthile oru valia mabaca gramamaaya bobangviyil oru graamathalavanaaya mindogon mufaasayudeyum bhaarya maari yokovoyudeyum panthrand makkalil oralaayi bokasa janichu, appol colonial franch ekvattoriyal aafrikkayude bhaagamaayirunnu, athu banguiyude thekkupadinjaaraayirunnu. franch forestier kambaniyil jolie cheiyunnathinaayi thante graamavaasikalude pattikakal samghadippikkaan mindogon nirbandhithanaayi. franch bharanatheyum nirbandhitha thozhilineyum cherukkaan carnu enna pravaachakan nadatthiya sramangalekkurichu ketta sesham, franch utharavukal inii paalikkillenn mindogon theerumaanikkukayum forestier bandikalaakkiyirunna thante sahagramavaasikalil chilare mochippikkukayum cheythu. kambani ithu oru kalapakaariyaaya pravrithiyaayi kanakkakkiyathinaal avar mindoganine thadavilaakkukayum changalakalaal bandhichu mbaikiyilekk kondupookukayum cheythu. 1927 november 13nuu prefecture offeesinu thottupurathulla taunn squareil vachu addehathe marddichu kolappedutthi. oraazhchaykk sesham bharthaavine nashtappettathinte dukkham sahikkaan kazhiyaatha bokkassayude amma aathmahathya cheythu.
mobaikiyile oru kristhyan mission skoolaaya "ekkol seynt-jeane dii arkkil" franch bhasha vidyaabhyaasam nedunnathaanu nallathennu bokasayude vipulamaaya kudumbam theerumaanichu. kuttikkaalathu, thante anaadhathvathekkurichu sahapaadikal addehathe palappozhum parihasichirunnu. addeham uyarathil kuravum shaareerikamaayi shakthanumaayirunnu. padanakaalatthu, jeane bedel enna ezhuthukaaran ezhuthiya oru franch vyaakarana pusthakathodu bokasaykku prathyeka thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. addehathinte adhyapakar addehathinte aduppam shradhikkukayum addehathe "jeane-bedel" ennu vilikkaan thudangukayum cheythu."
kaumaarapraayatthil, bokasa bangviyile "ekkol seyint-louisil", pithaav grunerude keezhil padichu. thanne purohithanaakkuka enna uddeshyathode gruner addehathe padippichuvenkilum thante vidyaarthikku padanatthinulla abhiruchiyo eee thozhilinaayi aavashyamaaya bhaktiyo illennu manassilakki. thudarnnu addeham brasavilleyile father komptteyude schoolil padikkukayum avide oru paachakakkaaranenna nilayil thante kazhivukal vikasippikkukayum cheythu. 1939ll birudam nediya sesham, 1939 meyy 19nuu "troops colonials" (franch colonial sainyam) ll "tyrailur" aayi chernnu, thante muthachan maama 'balanga pithaav gruner nalkia upadesham bokasa sweekarichu.
sainikajeevitam.
addehathinte niyamanathetthudarnnu 1939 septambaril randaam lokamahaayudham pottipurappettu. randaamathe "batteylon dii maarche" yill sevanamanushtikkumbol, 1940 joolaiyil bokasa oru corporalum 1941 novemberil oru sarjant mejar aayi. naasi jarmmani france pidichadakkiya sesham, addeham swatantra franch senayude oru aafrikkan unitinoppam sevanamanushtikkukayum brasavilleyil vichi sarkkaarinte thalasthaanam pidichedukkunnathil pankedukkukayum cheythu. 1944 august 15 nuu ooppareshan draagooninte bhaagamaayi fraansile provencil sakhyasenayude landingle addeham pankedukkukayum naasi jarmmani thakarunnathin munbu 1945 nte thudakkathil thekkan fraansilum germmaniyilum pooraadukayum cheythu. yudhathinushesham franch theeradesha pattanamaya frejasile oru sainika campil radio prakshepanam padichukondu addeham franch sainyathil thudarnnu.
pinneedu, senegalile seyint-louisile officer training schoolil bokasa chernnu. 1950 septambar 7 nuu addeham saigon-cholon battaaliyante transmission vidagthanaayi franch indochainayilekku pooyi. 1953 maarchil duty touur avasaanikkunnathin munbu bokasa aadya indoneshyan yudhathil chila poraattangal kandu. yudhathile addehathinte nettangalkku addehathe lejian oof oonar amgathvam nalki aadarikkukayum "croix dii gyoore" kondu alankarikkukayum cheythu. indochainayile thaamasakaalathu addeham 17 vayassulla vietnaamees penkuttiye vivaham kazhichu. hyuu oru makale prasavichathinushesham, bokasa kutty oru franch pouranaayi rajisttar cheythu. sameepabhaviyil mattoru duty toorinaayi madangivarumennu vishwasichathinaal bharya kuttiyum illaathe bokasa indochina vittu.
francilake madangiyethiya sesham bokasa frejasil nilayurappichu, avide addeham aafrikkan recruitmentukalkk radio transmission padippichu. 1956ll second leftanantaayum rund varshathinu sesham leftanantaayum sthaanakkayattam labhichu. 1958 desemberil bokasa brasavilleyil oru sainika saankethika sahayiyaayi niyamikkukayum irupathu varshathe abhaavathinu sesham 1959 ll banguviyile thante maathrraajyathekku thirichayakkukayum cheythu. 1961 juulai 1 nuu kyapttan padaviyilekku sthaanakkayattam labhichu. franch bhoomadhyarekha aafrikkayude bhagamaaya ubanki-chaariyude franch koolani 1958 ll franch samoohathinte ardha svayambharana pradeshamaayi maari, thudarnnu 1960 august 13 nuu central aafrikkan republic (kaar) enna nilayil oru swatantra raashtramaayi.
1962 januvari 1 nuu bokasa franch sainyam upekshichu annathe commander-inn-cheef magboundauluvinte keezhil bataaliyan kamaandant raankumaayi central aafrikkan sayudha senayil chernnu. madhya aafrikkan president david dacoyude cussin enna nilayilum dacoyude mungamiyaaya barthalemy bogandayude anantharavan enna nilayilum puthiya raajyathinte sainyam srishtikkaanulla chumatala bokasaykku nalki. oru varshathinusesham, bokasa sainyathile 500 sainikarude commander-inn-cheefaayi. dacoyumaayulla bandhavum franch sainyathile videsha parichayavum kaaranam, puthiya deseeya sainyathinte raankukaliloode vegathil uyaran addehathinu kazhinju, 1964 desember 1 nuu athinte aadya kenalaayi.
sainyathinte nethaavenna padavikku bokasa amgeekaaram thedi. sainika alankaarangal dharichu addeham palappozhum parasyamaayi prathyakshappettu, chadangukalil addeham palappozhum president dacoyude arikil irunnu sarkkaarile thante praadhaanyam prakadippichu. presidential meshakalil irippidathinte sariyaaya kramam paalikkaathathinu addehathe upadeshicha sarkkaarinte protocol medaaviyaaya jeane-pooll dauttumaayi bokasa idaykkide chooderiya tharkkangalil earppettirunnu. eee samayat mgboundoulu sainyathinte nethaavenna nilayil bokasayude padavikku vendi vaadikkunnilla. aadyam, daco thante kasinte perumattangal rasakaramaanennu kandethi. aafrikkayil aduthide nadanna sainika attimarikalude ennam undaayirunnittum, bokasa raajyathinte niyanthranam ettedukkaan sramikkaanulla saadhyatha addeham parasyamaayi thallikkalanju. oru audyogika athaazhavirunnil addeham paranju, "kenal bokasa medalukal maathram shekharikkaan aagrahikkunnu, oru attimari nadatthaan kazhiyaathathra viddiyaanu addeham".
bokasa sarkkaarin yadhaartha bheeshaniyaanennu dacoyude manthrisabhayile mattu amgangal vishwasichu. aabhyantharamanthri jeane-arther bandio, kaabinattin bokasa enna daco namam nirddeshichu, ithu sainyavumayulla kenalinte adutha bandham takarkkumennum amgeekaarathinaayulla kenalinte aagraham thripthippeduthumennum addeham pratheekshichu. bokasa oru attimari nadathaanulla saadhyathaye cherukkunnathinaayi, daco yathaakramam 500 anga "gendermery" yum 120 anga presidential security gard jeane isaamoyudeyum prospirus mounaumbeyudeyum neethrthwathil srishtichu.
vardhichuvarunna pirimurukkangal.
1964lum 1965lum dacoyude sarkkar niravadhi prasnangal nerittu sambadvyavastha stambhanam anubhavichu, bureaucracy thakarnnukondirunnu, thekk ninnulla lumambistukalum kizhakk ninnulla vimathayaya anyanya raajyathinte athirthikal nirantharam lamghichu. mouvment pore evalution soshyal dii ell 'aphrik noyer" (karutha aafrikkayude saamoohika parinaamathinaayulla prasthaanam, allengil messan) enna rashtreeya theevravaadi prasthaanatthinte sammarddathethudarnnu, pinthunayude badal srothassukal valarthiyedukkaanum franch sarkkaarinte sahayamillaathe videsanayam roopeekarikkaanulla thante kazhivu prakadippikkaanum sramichukondu 1964 septambaril daco peeples republic oof chainayumaayi (prc) nayatantra bandham sthaapichu.
meng yiyenginteyum chainees sarkkaarinteyum ejantumaarude neethrthwathilulla oru prathinidhi samgham communist prachaarana sinimakal kaanichu kaar sandarshichu. taamasiyaathe, prc kaarinu oru bilyan cfa fraankukalude (20 dasalaksham franch fraankukal) palisarahitha vaaypa nalki. raajyathinte saambathika thakarchayude saadhyathaye cherukkunnathil eee sahayam parajayappettu. vyapakamaaya rashtreeya azhimathi raajyathinte prashnangalude pattikayil chertthu. eee prasnangal pariharikkunnathin sarkkaarine ettedukkendathundenna bokasaykku thonni-ettavum pradhanamaayi, kammyoonisathinte swaadheenathil ninnu kaarine mochippikkaan. aafrikkan gavanmentile pandithanaaya saamuval decaloyude abhipraayathil, daakoykkethire oru attimari nadathaanulla addehathinte theerumaanatthil bokasayude vyakthiparamaaya abhilaashangalaanu ettavum pradhana punk vahichathu.
1965 joolaiyil baastil dhina aakhoshangalkkaayi kaarinte prathinidhi samghathinte bhaagamaayi daco bokasa paareesilekk ayachu. aakhoshangalilum pathittaandukalkk munbu thaan pankeduttha oru sainika officer pariseelana skoolinte samaapanathodanubandhichula juulai 23 leeii chadangilum pankeduttha sesham, bokasa kaarilekk madangaan theerumaanichu. ennirunnaalum, daco thante madangivaravu vilakkukayum prakopithanaaya bokasa adutha kurachu maasangal franch, madhya aafrikkan sayudha senayude pinthuna nedaan sramikkukayum cheythu, avar thante theerumaanam punaparisodhikkaan daco nirbandhikkumennu addeham pratheekshikkukayum cheythu. oduvil daco sammarddathinu vazhangukayum 1965 octoberil bokasa thirike anuvadikkukayum cheythu. franch president chaals dii gaul "bokasa udan thanne thante sthaanathekku thirike nalkanamennu" dacoyode vyakthiparamayi paranjathinetthudarnnu oduvil daco pinmariyathaayi bokasa avakashappettu. ente koottaaliyumaayi moshamaayi perumaarunnath enikku sahikkaan kazhiyilla ".
daco bokasa thammilulla samgharshangal varum maasangalil vardhichukondirunnu. desemberil, isaamoyude "gendermery" yude bajatt vardhippikkaan daco amgeekaaram nalkiyengilum bokasa sainyathinaayi munnottuvacha bajatt nirddesham nirasichu. eee ghattathil, dacoyude mosham perumaattatthil thanikk deshyamundennum "oru attimarikk pookukayaanennum" bokasa suhruthukkalodu paranju. bokasaykku pakaram isamo thante vyakthiparamaaya sainika upadeshtaavaayi niyamikkaan daco padhathiyittu, bokasa adutha koottaalikaleyum sthaanabhrashtaraakkumbol sarkkarinodu vishwastharaaya sainika udyogasthare uyarthaan addeham aagrahichu.
daco thante padhathikal marachuvechilla. addeham thante uddeshyangal bobangui graamatthile muthirnnavarodu soochippikkukayum avar eee goodaalochanayekkurichu bokasa ariyikkukayum cheythu. thanikk vegathil nadapadiyedukkendathunde bokasa manassilakki, thante 500 anga sainyam "gendermery" ykkum presidential gardinum thulyamaakillenn aashankappettu. 1964 februvariyil president liyon emm 'baykkethire gaabanil nadanna oru sambhavathin sesham nadannathupole, attimarikk sesham franchukaar dacoyude sahaayathin varumenna saadyathayekkurichum addeham amithamaayi vimarsikkappettu; raajyathinte vais presidentil ninnu attimariyude vaartha labhichathinu sesham, paareesile udyogasthar manikkoorukalkullil paaraatroopparmaare gabanilekku ayaykkukayum emm' baaba vegathil adhikaarathil thirichethukayum cheythu.
vadakkukizhakkan banguviyile camp kassay sainika thaavalathinu neethrthwam nalkia kyapttan alexander bansayil ninnu bokasaykku ganyamaaya pinthuna labhichu, bokasayepole franch sainyathil sevanamanushtichu. attimari aasoothranathil pradhana punk vahicha budhiyum abhilaashavum kazhivumulla oru vyakthiyaayirunnu bansa. disambarode, kaarine udan thanne badhikkunna rashtreeya prakshubdhatha palarum munkootty kaanaan thudangi. bokasa "maanasika asthirathayude lakshanagal kaanikkunnu" ennum sarkkaarine thazheyirakkaan sramikkunnathinu munbu arast cheyyendathundennum dacoyude vyakthiparamaaya upadeshtaakkal addehathinu munnariyipp nalki; daco eee munnariyippukal shradhichilla.
attimari.
1965 desember 31nuu vaikunnerathode daco navothaana kottaaratthil ninnu purappett banguiyude thekkupadinjaarulla thante manthrimaarude thottangalilonnu sandarshichu. ardharaathrikku onnara manikkoor munbu bansa thante udyogastharodu attimari aarambikkaan utharavittu. bocassa isamo thante aasthaanathu vilichu camp dii rooksilekk vannu thante adiyanthira shradha aavasyamulla chila rekhakalil oppidaan aavasyappettu. suhruthukkalodoppam puthuvalsara aaghoshathil pankeduttha isamo vimukhathayode sammathikkukayum campilekku yaatra cheyyukayum cheythu. avide athiyappol bansa bokasa addehathe abhimukeekarikkukayum avar attimari nadannukondirikkukayaanne addehathe ariyikkukayum cheythu. attimari ethirtha sesham, ismo attimari aasoothrakar oru bhoogarbha nilavarayilekku kondupoyi.
ardharaathriyode bokasa banza avarude anuyaayikalum camp dii rox vittu bangui pidichedutthu. manikkoorukalkullil thalasthaanam pidicheduttha sesham, evideyum kaanaatha daco arast cheiyunnathinaayi bokasa bansa navothaana kottaratthilekku oodi. attimariyekkurichu presidentinu munkootty munnariyipp nalkiyittundennu vishwasicha bokasa bhayann, thanne kandethunnathuvare graamapradesangalil daco tirayan udan thanne thante sainikarodu utharavittu.
banguiyude padinjaaran athirthiyile pettevo junctionil patrolling nadathunna sainikaraan daco arast cheythath. addehathe kottaratthilekku thirike kondupoyi, avide bokasa presidentine kettippidichu paranju, "njaan ningalkk munnariyipp nalkaan shramichu-pakshe ippol valare vaikiyirikkunnu."daco ekadesham 02:00 vaatt (01:00 UTc) enna sthalathulla nagaragba jaililekku kondupoyi. janangalkkidayil thante janapreeti vardhippikkumennu karuthiya oru neekkathil, jaile ellah thadavukaareyum mochippikkaan bokasa jayil director oottoo sacharode utharavittu. thudarnnu bokasa daco camp kassayilekku kondupoyi, avide addeham presidentine raajivaykkaan nirbandhithanaakki.
raavile, bokasa radio bangui vazhi pothujanangale abhisambodhana cheythu "ithu kenal bokasa ningalodu samsaarikkunnu. pularche 3 manikk.emm. innu raavile ningalude sainyam sarkkaarinte niyanthranam etteduthu. daco sarkkar raajivachu. neethiyude samayam aduthuvarikayaanu. boorshwasi" nirthalaakkappettu. ellaavarkkum idayil samathvathinte oru puthiya yugam aarambhichu. madhya aafrikkakkaar, ningal evideyaayirunnaalum, sainyavum ningaleyum ningalude swathukkaleyum samrakshikkumennu urappaakkuka... madhya aafrikkan republic deerghakaalam jeevichirikkatte!
bharanathinte aadyakaala varshangal.
thante bharanathinte aadyakaalangalil, bokasa praadeshika maadhyamangalkk munnil svayam prachaaranatthil earppedukayum thante naattukaare thante franch sainika medalukal kaanikkukayum thante shakthiyum nirbhayathvavum purushathvavum prakadippikkukayum cheythu. addeham viplava kaunsil enna peril oru puthiya sarkkar roopeekarikkukayum bharanaghadanaye asaadhuvaayi prakhyapikkukayum deseeya assembly pirichuvidukayum cheythu, athine addeham "janangale prathinidheekarikkaatha oru nirjeevamaaya samghadana" ennu vilichu.
bhaviyil sarkkar thiranjeduppu nadathumennum puthiya niyamasabha roopeekarikkumennum puthiya bharanaghadana ezhuthumennum raashtrathe abhisambodhana cheythukondu bokasa avakashappettu. communist bheeshani illaathaakkukayum sambadvyavastha sthiratha kaivarikkukayum azhimathi verode pizhutherayukayum cheytha sesham thante adikaaram upekshikkumennum addeham thante naattukaarod paranju. messane pravartthanam thudaraan bokasa anuvadichu, ennaal matellaa rashtreeya samghadanakaleyum kaaril ninnu vilakki.
varum maasangalil, bokasa niravadhi puthiya niyamangalum niyanthranangalum earppeduthi 18 num 55 num idayil praayamulla purushanmarkkum sthreekalkkum avarkk joliyundennu theliyikkendathundu, allengil avarkk pizhayo jayililo shikshayo labikkum. bhikshaadanam nirodhichu. raathrikalilum vaaraanthyangalilum maathrame toom-toom kalikkaan anuvaadamundaayirunnulla. baarukalum dance haalukalum nireekshikkunnathinaayi thalasthaanathu oru "dhaarmikatha brigade" roopeekarichu. bahubhaaryaathvam, sthreedhanamochanam, sthree parichhedana ennivayellaam nirthalaakkappettu. thalasthaana nagariyiloode parasparam bandhippichirikkunna moonnu buzz lainukalum ubangi nadiyil oru ferry sarvees ulkkollunna oru pothugathagatha samvidaanavum bokasa thurakkukayum rund deseeya oorkkastrakal srishtikkunnathinu subsidy nalkukayum cheythu.
rajyath mattangal undaayirunnittum, thante puthiya gavanmentinu anthaaraashtra amgeekaaram nedaan bokasaykku budhimuttaayirunnu. isaamoyudeyum prc ejantumaarudeyum neethrthwathil sarkkar ettedukkaan shramikkukayaanennum kammyoonisathinte swaadheenathil ninnu raajyathe rakshikkaan edapedanamennum vishadeekarichukondu addeham attimari nyaayeekarikkan shramichu. graamapradesangalile prc ejantumaar oru viplavam aarambikkaan pradeshavaasikale pariseelippikkukayum aayudangal nalkukayum cheiyunnuvennum 1966 januvari 6 nuu communist ejantumaare rajyath ninnu pirichuvidukayum prcumaayulla nayatantra bandham vichedikkukayum cheythuvennum addeham aaropichu. sarkkaaril kooduthal azhimathi thadayunnathinu attimari aavasyamaanennum bokasa vishwasichu.
ayalrajyamaaya chaadinte president francois tombalbeyil ninnaan bokasa aadyamaayi nayatantra amgeekaaram nediyathu, avane addeham auhaamile boukkayil vachu kandumutty. 1966 epril 2 nuu chaadinte thekkan athirthiyil fort archampolttil tombalba kandumuttikkond bokasa prathikaricha sesham, adikaaram nashtappedaanulla apakadamundengil parasparam sahayikkaan iruvarum theerumaanichu. taamasiyaathe, mattu aafrikkan rajyangal puthiya gavanmentine nayathanthraparamaayi amgeekarikkaan thudangi. thudakkathil, franch sarkkar bokasa bharanakoodatthe pinthunaykkaan vimukhatha kaanichirunnathinaal raajyathe prakshubdhathayil ninnu rakshikkaan attimari aavasyamaanennu avare bodhyappeduthunnathinayi franch udyogastharumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthaan banza paareesilekk pooyi. 1966 juulai 7 nuu bokasa pradhaanamantri jorjas pompedoyumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathiyenkilum franchukaar avarude pinthuna vaagdaanam cheiyunnathil vittuveezhcha cheythilla. sii. eph. eiii frank dhanamekhalayil ninnu pinmaarumenn bokasa bheeshanippeduthiya sesham, 1966 november 17 nuu president dii gaul kaar audyogikamaayi sandarshikkaan theerumaanichu. bokasa bharanakoodatthilekku, eee sandarshanam ardhamaakkunnathu france oduvil raajyathe puthiya mattangal amgeekarichu ennaanu.
adhikaarathinte bheeshani.
puthiya presidentinte amithamaya chelavine bansa shakthamayi athirthathinaal bokasa bansa raajyathinte bajattinekkurichu tharkkikkan thudangi. bansayude adhikaarathinaayulla daahathekkurichu vishamikkendathillengilum surakshithamaayi sarkkar bharikkan kazhiyumennu bokasa camp dii rooksilekk thamasam maari. athinidayil, sainyathinullil oru pinthunaa thaavalam nedaan bansa shramichu, thante bhooribhaagam samayavum sainikarodoppam chelavazhichu. thante mantri enthaanu cheiyunnathennu bokasaykku manassilayathinaal addeham bansayod ettavum anubhaavamulla sainika unitukale raajya athirthiyilekku ayaykkukayum swantham pakshapatha unitukale thalasthaanathodu kazhiyunnathra aduthu konduvarikayum cheythu. 1967 septambaril addeham paareesilekk oru prathyeka yaatra nadatthi, avide franch sainyathil ninnu samrakshanam thedi. rund maasathinu sesham franch sarkkar 80 paaraatroopparmaare banguviyilekku vinyasichu.
1968 epril 13nuu, thante pathiv manthrisabha punasamghadanakalilonnil, bokasa bansa aarogyamanthriyaayi sthaanabhrashtanaakkiyenkilum addehathe oru sahamanthriyaayi thudaraan anuvadichu. presidentinte uddeshyangal manassilakkiya bansa viyojippulla rashtreeya kazhchappadukalekkurichu thante shabdam vardhippichu. oru varshathinusesham, bansa bokasa sambadvyavasthayude nadathippineyum valareyadhikam vimarshicha niravadhi paraamarshangalkk sesham, thante adhikaarathinu udanadi bheeshaniyundennu manassilakkiya president addehathe sahamantri sthaanathu ninnu sthaanabhrashtanaakki. thaan pinthunaykkaayi thirayunna camp kassaayiyude commanding offeesaraaya lefttanant jeane-claude mandabayodu oru attimari nadathaanulla thante uddeshyam bansa velippeduthi. mandaba padhathiyumaayi munnott poyenkilum addehathinte vishwasthatha bokasayotoppam thudarnnu.
1969 epril 8nuu bansa thante saha-goodaalochanakkaare bandhappedukayum pittennu attimari nadathumennu avare ariyikkukayum cheythappol, mandaba udan thanne bokasa vilichu padhathiyekkurichu ariyikkukayum cheythu. epril 9nuu bansa camp kassayil praveshichappol, mandaba sainikarum addehathe aakramichu. avarkk keezhadakkaan kazhiyunnathinumumbu bansayude kaikal thakarth oru mersidisinte thumbikkaiyilekku eriyukayum avane nerittu bokasayilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. berengoyile thante veettilvechu, prathyakshathayude peril bansa vichaarana cheyyanamennu mandaba nirddeshikkunnathinu munbu bokasa bansa eathaandu adichu konnu.
epril 12 nuu, banza camp dii roxile oru sainika tribunalinu munnil thante cases avatharippichu, avide addeham thante padhathi sammathichuvenkilum bokasa kollan padhathiyittillennu paranju. firing squad addehathe vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum camp kassaik pinnilulla oru thuranna maithaanathekku kondupoyi vadikkukayum adayaalappeduthaatha shavakudeerathil samskarikkukayum cheythu.
bansayude maranatthinte saahacharyangal tharkkavishayamaan. oru kaabinat yogathinu munbu bansa valichizhachathaayum avide bokasa addehathe razer upayogichu murichathaayum american warta maasikayaaya "time" report cheythu. thudarnnu kavalkkar banza marddikkukayum puram thakarunnathuvare addehathe bangwaiyile theruvukaliloode valichizhakkukayum oduvil vedivaykkukayum cheythu."franch dinapathramaaya leeii monte report cheythath" "oraalude maamsam ippozhum viraykkunnu" "enna reethiyil kalapam srishticha saahacharyangalilaanu banza kollappettathenn
1970kalil bharanam.
1971ll bokasa poornna generalayi sthaanakkayattam nedukayum 1972 march 4nuu aajeevanantha presidentaayi svayam prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. 1974 desemberil mattoru attimari shramathe addeham athijeevichu. adutha maasam, januvari 2 nuu addeham pradhaanamantri sthaanam elisabath domissian nalki, addeham aaa sthaanam vahicha aadya vanithayayi. 1970 februvariyil addeham kaarinte aadya vanita sarkkar mantriyaaya maari-joseph frankine niyamichirunnu. kaalakramena, bokasayude aabhyanthara, videsanayangal kooduthal pravachanaatheethamaayitheernnu, ithu 1976 februvariyil bangui empoco anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalathil mattoru vadhashramathilekku nayichu.
videsha pinthuna.
libian nethaavu muammar gadafi bokasa sahayichu. france pinthuna nalki; 1975-ll franch president valeri giscard dii estaining svayam bokasayude "suhruthum kudumbaamgavum" aayi prakhyaapichu. appozhekkum france avarude muun kolaniyude bharanathinu saambathikavum sainikavumaaya pinthuna nalkiyirunnu. pakaramaayi, bokasa palappozhum kaaril vettayaadunna yaathrakalil giscard edukkukayum sheethayudha kaalaghattatthil fraansinte aanavorjathinum aayudha padhathikkum nirnayakamaaya euranium fraansinu vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythu. bokasa pii. aarr. sii. yumayullah bandham punasthaapikkukayum 1976ll chaina sandarshikkukayum cheythu.
1977 desember 4 nuu bokasa onnaamante saamraajyathva kireedadhaarana chadangode fransumaayulla "souhrudaparavum saahodaryaparavumaaya" sahakaranm-bokasayude swantham nibandhanakal anusarichu-athinte unnathiyilethi. franch prathirodha mantri chadangu surakshithamakkaan oru battaaliyane ayachu; addeham bokasayude sarkkaarin pathinezh vimanangal nalkukayum oorkkastraye pinthunaykkaan franch naavikasenaamgangale niyamikkukayum cheythu. rund divasam neenduninna kireedadhaarana chadangu kaarinte vaarshika bajattinekkaal 10 dasalaksham gbp kooduthal chelavakki. franch kalakaaranaaya jeane-piyari dupondaanu chadangu samghadippichathu, bokasayude alankaricha kireedam paareesile jewellery vyaapaari claude bertrand nirmmichu. uracha svarnnathil nirmmicha oru valia kazhukante aakruthiyilulla rund tonn bharamullah simhaasanathilaan bokassa irikkunnathu.
1979 october 10 nuu franch aakshepahasya pathramaya "canard enchaine" 1973 ll annathe dhanakaarya manthrikk bokasa rund vajrangal vaagdaanam cheythathayi report cheythu. ithu taamasiyaathe diamonds affire ennariyappedunna oru pradhana rashtreeya kumbhakonamayi maari, ithu 1981 ll gissardinu veendum thiranjeduppu lelathil paraajayappedaan ganyamaaya sambhavana nalki. fraansinte "vaadaka general" intelligence sarvees gadaafiyude pankaaliyaakaanulla bokasayude sannadhatha arinjappol franco-central aafrikkan bandham ganyamaayi maari.
1976 septambaril gadaafiyumaayulla koodikkazhchaykku sesham bokasa islam matham sweekarikkukayum thante peru salaa eddeen ahamed bokasa ennu maattukayum cheythu. addeham islaamilekku parivartthanam cheythath libian saambathika sahayam urappakkaan aasoothranam cheytha oru thanthramaanennu anumaanikkappedunnu. gadafi vaagdaanam cheytha fandukalonnum varillennu vyakthamaayappol prasnangal uyarnnu. banguviyile catholica cathedralil chakravarthiyaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyaanulla bokasayude padhathikalumaayum eee parivartthanam ettumutti.
saamraajyathinte prakhyapanam.
1976 septambaril bokasa sarkkaarine pirichuvidukayum pakaram "konseel dii laa revolution centrafricane" (central aafrikkan revolutionary kaunsil) sthaapikkukayum cheythu. desember 4 nuu, messan kongrasil addeham veendum catholica mathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyukayum republicine central aafrikkan saamraajyamaayi (cae) parivartthanam cheytha oru puthiya bharanaghadana sthaapikkukayum cheythu, "addehathinte saamraajyathva mahathvam" bokasa onnaaman. 1977 desember 4 nuu raavile <aii. dii. 1> nuu bokasa audyogikamaayi kireedamaniyikkappettu.
deseeya rashtreeya partyaya messaninullil ikyappetta madhya aafrikkan janathayude ishtaprakaaram madhya aafrikkayude chakravarty" ennathaayirunnu bokasayude muzhuvan padavi. addehathinte rajapadavi, adambara kireedadhaaranam, puthuthayi roopeekaricha keyy bharananirvahanam enniva pradhaanamaayum prachodanam ulkkondathu, thaan aadyathe koonsal ayirunna franch viplava republicine aadyathe franch saamrajyamaakki maattiya neppoliyanil ninnaan. kireedadhaaranathinu addehathinte raajyathin ekadesham 20 dasalaksham us dollar chelavaakumenn kanakkaakkappettirunnu-caeude vaarshika bajattinte moonnilonnu, aaa varshathe fraansinte muzhuvan sahayadhanavum.
oru rajavaazhcha srishtikkunnathu madhya africa bhookhandathinte mattu bhaagangalil ninnu verittunilkkaanum lokathinte bahumanam nedaanum sahaayikkumenn avakaashappett bokasa thante pravartthanangale nyaayeekarikkan shramichu. udaaramaaya shanangal undaayirunnittum videsha nethaakkal aarum paripaadiyil pankedutthilla. eee samayamaayappozhekkum, keikkakatthum puratthum palarum bokasaykku bhraanthaanenn karuthi. paashchaathya maadyamangal, kooduthalum fraansilum yukeyilum usl, addehathe oru parihaasyanaayi kanakkaakkukayum palappozhum addehathinte vichitramaaya perumaattattheyum ahankaaraparamaaya athirukadanna perumaattattheyum mattoru prashasthamaaya vichitramaaya aafrikkan svechaadhipathiyaaya ugaandayile idii aaminte perumattavumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum cheythu.
bokasa idaykkide manushya maamsam kazhichuvenna dridamaaya kimvadanthikal addehathinte aathyanthika vichaaranaykkide niravadhi saakshyapatrangal sthireekarikkukayum, bokasayude meshaykkaayi kottaaratthinte vaakk-inn freesarukalil sookshichirikkunna manushya mrithadehangalude maamsam aavarthichu pakam cheythathayi addehathinte muun paachakakkaaran nadatthiya prasthavana ulppede. ennirunnaalum, manushyaavashishtangalude upabhogam kaar niyamaprakaaram oru kuttakrithyamaayi kanakkakkappedunnathinaal ithu bokasayude criminal recordine baadhichilla, munbu cheytha ellah kuttakrithyangalum 1981 ll prakhyaapicha pothumaapp mapp nalkiyirunnu. 
puthiya saamrajyam oru bharanaghadanaaparamaaya raajavaazhchayaayirikkumenn bokasa avakashappettu. ennirunnaalum, praayogikamaayi, president bokasayayi kazhinja dashakathil thaan kaivashappeduthiyirunna athe svechaadhipathya adikaarangal addeham nilanirthukayum raajyam oru sainika svechaadhipathyamaayi thudarukayum cheythu. viyojippukaare adichamarthunnathu vyaapakamaayi thudarukayum peedanangal prathyekichum vyaapakamaanennu parayappedukayum cheythu. bokasa svayam idaykkide mardhanangalilum vadhashikshakalilum pankedutthirunnuvennu abhyoohangal dhaaraalamaayirunnu.
attimarichu.
adichamarthal.
1979 januvariyode, banguviyile bhakshya kalapangal saadhaaranakkaarude koottakkolayilekku nayichathinetthudarnnu bokaasaykkulla franch pinthuna illaathaayi. praadhamika vidyaalayam muthal sarvakalashaala vidyaarthikal vareyulla raajyathe ellah vidyaarthikaleyum thante bharyamaaril oraalude udamasthathayilulla oru kambani nirmmicha unifom dharikkan bokasa nirbandhikkaan sramichappozhaanu avasana vaikkol vannath. ithinodu prathikarichukondu vidyaarthikal bokaasaykkethire prathishedhikkaan thudangi, 1979 eprilode vidyaarthikalum police "praayogikamaayi yudhaavasthayilaayirunnu". eee prathishedhatthinide niravadhi vidyaarthikale police vedivachu konnu.
1979 epril 19nuu vidyaarthikale koottatthode arast cheyyukayum avare nagaragba jaililekku kondupookukayum avide ekadesham 100 vidyaarthikale kavalkkar marddichu kollukayum cheythu. bokasa koottakolayil pankedutthathaayi aaropikkappedunnu. ennaal, eee aropanangal addeham nishedhichu. koottakkolaykk sesham, videsha sarkkaarukalum anthaaraashtra samghadanakalum bokasa apalapichu.
ooppareshans caban aandu barakuda.
septambar 20 nuu vaikunneram aarambhicha ooppareshan kaban, bokasayude attimariyude aadya ghattamayi pittennu athiraavile avasaanichu. franch intelligence ejansiyaaya ezz. dii. iii. siyil ninnulla oru rahasya commando squad, onnaam maraine infantry parachute rejimentinoppam chernnu bangui emm poocoo anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalam cheria prathirodhatthode surakshithamaakki.
300 ladhikam franch sainikarulla rund franch sainika gathagatha vimanangal koodi athiyappol, ooppareshan barakuda ennariyappedunna randaam ghattam helikoptarukalumaayum vimanangalumaayum konduvaraan kenal branchiyon-rooj kenal degeneck oru sandesham ayachu. samadhaanaparamaaya edapedalaayi thalasthaana nagaram kaivashappeduthunnathinayi eee vimanangal ayalpakkathe chaadile enn 'jamena sainika vimaanathaavalathil ninnu parannuyarnnu.
saamraajyathinte pathanam.
1979 septambar 21nuu franch anukoola daco, keyyude pathanavum addehathinte presidencyude keezhil kaar punasthaapikkunnathum prakhyaapichu. 1981 septambar 1 nuu andrey collingba addehathe sthaanabhrashtanaakkunnathu daco presidentaayi thudarnnu. akkaalat oru samsthaana sandarshanathinaayi libia sandarshicha bokasa, anakkombu theerathekku palayanam cheythu, avide addeham naalu varsham aabidjaanil thaamasichu. thudarnnu addeham francilake thamasam maari, avide paareesinte praanthapradeshathulla addehathinte chaatto dii hardricourtil sthirathaamasamaakkaan addehathe anuvadichu. franch sainyathile sevanathinte peril france addehathinu rashtreeya abhayam nalki.
bokasayude ezhu varshathe pravaasakaalathu, thante franch sainika pension aparyaapthamaanennu paraathippettathinetthudar addeham thante oormmakkurippukal ezhuthi. ennirunnaalum, kaaril pathivayi athidhiyaayirunna franch president valeri giscard dii estaayingumaayi sthreekal pankittathaayi bokasa avakashappettathinaal pusthakatthinte 8,000 koppikalum nasippikkaan oru franch kodathi utharavittu. fraansile bokasayude saannidhyam addehathinte bharanakaalathu addehathe pinthunacha niravadhi sarkkar manthrimaarkk naanakkedaayi.
1970 muthal 1995 vare newi-surr-baaranjiyonile charitraparamaaya chaattoyaaya chaatto duu grand chaavanon bokasayude udamasthathayilaayirunnu. 1986 muthal 1995 vare deseeya frond raashtreeyakkaaranaaya rogger hollindre nadathunna laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna samghadanayaaya "sercle naashanal dess kombaattantsin" addeham athu vaadakaykku nalki.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
naadukadatthukayum madangukayum cheyyuka.
niravadhi rashtreeya athiraalikalude kolapaathakathinu 1980 desemberil bokasa vichaarana cheyyukayum "asaannidhyathil" vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum cheythirunnu. 1986 october 24nuu pravaasatthil ninnu madangiyethiya addeham banguviyil vimaanathil ninnu erangiya udan thanne central aafrikkan adhikaarikal arast cheythu. raajyadroham, kolapathakam, narabhojam, swath niyamavirudhamaayi upayogikkuka, akramanam, baattari, kabalippikkal ennivayulppede pathinaalu vyathyastha kuttangalkk addeham vichaarana cheyyappettu. ippol bokasa apratheekshithamaayi kaar gavanmentinte kaikalilayathinaal, niyamaprakaaram avar addehathe nerittu vichaarana cheyyendathundaayirunnu, ithu addehathinu prathirodha abhibhaashakante aanukoolyam nalki. bokasayude kodathi vichaaranayil, 1980 leeii "asaannidhyathil" vidhi asaadhuvaakkukayum addehathinu oru puthiya vichaaranaykk utharavidukayum cheythu. thanikkethiraaya ellah kuttangalilum bokasa kuttakkaaranallenn vaadichu.
vichaarana.
1986 desember 15nuu banguviyile neethi kottaaratthil bokasayude vichaarana aarambhichu. aarr joorimaarum moonnu jadjimaarum adangunna franch niyamavyavasthayude maathrkayil haikodathi jadji edward fraankinte adhyakshathayil oru paanaline abhimukheekaricha francis spiner, francois gibolt ennee rund franch abhibhaashakare bokasa niyamichu. muun svechaadhipathikale munbu vichaarana cheyyukayum vadikkukayum cheytha colonial kaalaghattatthinu sheshamulla aafrikkayude charithratthil oru muun raashtrathalavante juurii vichaarana abhoothapoorvamaayirunnu. mattoru praadeshika naveekaranatthil, vichaaranaykkulla praveshanam pothujanagalkk anuvadichu; ithinartham kodathimuriyil nirantharam nilkkunna murikal maathram kaanikale kondu niranjirunnu ennaanu. radio bangui praadeshika television warta samghavum raajyathudaneelam, athupole ayal franch samsaarikkunna aafrikkan raajyangalilum franch bhashayil thalsamayam prakshepanam cheythu. radio allengil tivi settu axus ullavarum kaarilum ayal raajyangalilum palarum vichaarana kelkkukayum kaanukayum cheythu.
kaarinte cheef prosecutor gabriel-fausttin emm boudo, bokaasaykkethire saakshyam vahikkaan vividha saakshikale vilichu. rashtreeya sathrukkal muthal 1978ll bokasa kollan sramichathinu vadikkappetta kottara kaaval senaamgathinte navjata makan vareyulla irakale rekhappeduthunnathinu avarude saakshyapatrangal sahayichu; navajaathashishuvine visham nalki marikkaan bokasa utharavittathayi oru ashupatri nazhs saakshyappeduthi.
1979 eprilil arasttilaaya 180 kuttikalil rakshapetta eaka kuttikalaayi svayam thiricharinja irupathiyezhu kaumaarakkaarum cheruppakkaarum saakshikalil ulppedunnu. oru faaktariyil ninnu (bokasayude bharyamaaril oraalude udamasthathayilullathaayi karuthappedunna) vaangaan nirbandhitharaaya vilakoodiya school unifomukalkkethiraaya prathishedhatthinide kuttikal bokasayude passing rolls-roysilekku kallerinjathine thudarnnu avare arast cheythirunnu. jaile thangalude aadya raathriyil bokasa jayil sandarshikkukayum kuttikalude ahankaarathinu vendi nilavilikkukayum cheythathayi avaril palarum saakshyappeduthi. kuttikale koottatthode kolluvaan addeham jayil gaardukalodu utharavittathayi parayappedunnu; bokasa pankedutthathaayi aaropikkappedunnu, thante ebony wacking stikku upayogichu kuranjathu anchu kuttikalude thalayottiyenkilum thakarthu.
vichaaranayiludaneelam, bokasa thanikkethiraaya ellah aaropanangalum nishedhichu. president chakravarty enna nilayil thante bharanakaalathu sambhavicha eathenkilum dushkrithyangalkku thante muun manthrisabhayile vazhipizhacha amgangalkkum sainyathinum kuttam kaimaran addeham shramichu. swantham prathirodhatthil saakshyappeduthikkondu bokasa paranju "njaan oru vishudhanalla. njaan mattullavareppole oru manushyan maathramaan."palathavana addeham roshakulanaayi, orikkal cheef prosecutor emm boudouvine aakramichu" ithinellaam prakopippikkunna kaaryam ithu bokasa, bokasa, bokasa ennivayekkurichaanu! kazhinja irupathiyonnu varshathe ellah kolapathakangalkkum ningal enne kuttappedutthaathe enikku ethire mathiyaya kuttakrithyangal chumathiyittundu!"
bokasaykkethiraaya ettavum ashleelamaaya aaropanangalilonn narabhojithamaayirunnu. 1979leeii attimarikk thottupinnaale bokasayude kottaaratthile thanutha sambharana murikalil thoongikkidakkunna mrithadehangalude phottokal thaan kandathayi saakshyappeduthaan muun president daco sakshi staandilekku vilippichu. kottaaratthil school kuttikalude mrithadehangal adangiya oru friedge kaanikkunna photokalum paarees maachu maasikayil prasidheekarichu. thaan kanda phottokal upabhogathinaayi upayogikkunna mrithadehangalaano ennu thanikk krithyamaayi urappikkaan kazhiyunnillennu dacoyude cross-eksaamineshanil prathibhagam nyayamaaya samshayam unnayichappol, bokkasayude muun shefine vaakk-inn freesarukalil sookshichirikkunna manushya maamsam pakam cheythathayi saakshyappeduthaan vilippichu. bokasa thante erakalude chila maamsam sandarshikkunna videsha vishishtaathidhikalkku nalkiyenna abhyoohangal prosecution parishodhichilla.
1987 juun 12nuu kuranjathu irupathu kesukalil bokasa kolapaathakakkuttam chumatthi vadhashikshaykk vidhichu. manushyaavashishtangalude upabhogam kaar niyamaprakaaram oru duraachaaramaayi tharamthirikkappettathinaal, 1981 ll dacoyil ninnu adikaaram pidicheduttha sesham, president collingba thante bharanathinte thudakkathinu munbu nadatthiya ellah duraachaarangalkkum pothumaapp prakhyaapichirunnu.
kaarinte bharanaghadana oru muun raashtrathalavanethire raajyadrohakkuttam maathram chumathaan anuvadichuvenna adisthaanathil spiner gibol nalkia appeel kaar supreme kodathi nirasichu.
jayilvasam, mochanam, maranam.
1988 februvari 29nuu bokasaykkethiraaya vadhasiksha raddaki collingba vadhashikshaykkethiraaya thante ethirppu prakadippikkukayum eakaantha thadavil thadavushiksha jeevaparyanthamaayi kuraykkukayum adutha varsham shiksha irupathu varshamaayi kuraykkukayum cheythu. 1993ll janadhipathyam thirichethiyathode collingba ellah thadavukaarkkum pothumaapp prakhyapikkukayum 1993 august 1nuu bokasa mochippikkukayum cheythu.
jeevithakalam muzhuvan bokasa kaaril thudarnnu. 1996ll aarogyanila vashalaayathode addeham svayam pathimoonnaamatthe aposthalanaayi prakhyapikkukayum joonn pooll randaaman maarppaappayumaayi rahasya koodikkaazhchakal nadathunnathaayi avakaashappedukayum cheythu. 1996 november 3nuu banguviyile veettil vachu 75-aamm vayassil hridayaaghaathathe thudarnnu bokasa marichu. addehathinu pathinezh bhaaryamaarundaayirunnu, avaril oraal maari-raine hasson aayirunnu, koodaathe jeane-serj bokasa, jeane-bedel bokasa juuniyar ennivarulppede ambathu kuttikalundaayirunnu. oppam kicky bokasa.
paarambaryamaayi.
2010ll president francois bosis bokasa punaradhivasippikkukayum "oru mikacha nirmmathaavaayi ellaavarum amgeekaricha raashtraputhran" ennu vilikkukayum cheythukondu oru utharavu purappeduvichu. avakaashangalude eee punaradhivasam shikshaparamaaya apalapanakal, prathyekichu pizhakalum niyamaparamaaya chelavukalum illaathaakkukayum avayude falamaayundaakunna bhaaviyile kazhivillaaymakal thadayukayum cheiyunnu" ennu utharavu thudarnnu. eee audyogika punaradhivaasathinu munnodiyaayi, bokasayude deshasnehathinum addeham raajyathe konduvanna sthirathayude kaalaghattangalkkum kaar raashtreeyakkaar addehathe prashamsichittundu.
thalakkettukal, shailikal, bahumathikal.
shaili.
"addehathinte saamraajyathva mahatwamullah bokasa, aadyatheyaalum samadhaanathinte apostalanum yeshukristhuvinte sevakanum madhya aafrikkayile chakravarty marshel". ""

