
jose felix estigaaribiya

oru paragvaayan sainika udyogasthanum raashtreeyakkaaranum neethaavumaayirunnu jose felix estigaaribiya insoralde (februvari 21,1888 kaaraguvaatteyil-septambar 7,1940 altosil). chacko yudhasamayathu (1932-1935) prachaaranatthil paragvaayan sainyathinte commander inn cheefaayirunnu addeham, pinneedu 1939 august 15 muthal 1940 septambar 7 nuu vimaanaapakadathil marikkunnathuvare paragvaayiyude presidentaayi sevanamanushtichu.
boleeviyaykkethiraaya chacko yudhathil paragwai vijayathilekku nayicha paragvaayan sainyathile sainika udyogastharil oralaayi addeham ariyappedunnu, samgharshathinidayil mikacha sainika thanthranjanum yudhanaayakanumaayi, maranananthara padavikku sthaanakkayattam nedi. higinio morinigo sarkkaarinte 2984,1940 septambar 7-leeii theeyathi.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
oru karshakan vellimuthukaranumaaya maattiyo estigaaribiyayudeyum casilda insaraldeyudeyum makanaaya estigaaribiya eliya vamshajayaayirunnu. paragvaayile cordillera departmentile santa eleenaykkaduthulla saan roock enna grameena pattanathilaanu addeham janichathu. addeham thante janmanaadile praadhamika vidyaalayathil cherukayum 1908ll trinity koleju oof agrikalcharil padikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, diploma nediya sesham, estigaaribiya currier maarukayum 1910-ll kaalaalppadayude lefttanant raankumaayi sainyathil cherukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala currier.
kaarshikashaasthranjanaayi vidyaabhyaasam nediya addeham 1910ll deseeya sainyathil cherukayum chiliyilum fraansile sent sirs milittari academyilum adhika parisheelanathinaayi samayam chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. chacko yudhasamayathu addeham aadyathe kaalaalppada division kamaandaraayi thudarchayaayi brigadier, division general, sayudha senayude commander-inn-cheef enningane sthaanakkayattam nedi. 1935-ll addeham "chacko yudhathinte naayakan" enna nilayil asunsionilekku vijayakaramaayi madangiyethukayum prathimasam 1,000 swarnna pesoyude aajeevanantha pension labikkukayum cheythu. febrerista viplavathil rafale franco president eusebio ayala attimarichathinethudarnna addehathe sayudha seena medhavi sthaanathu ninnu pirichuvittuvenkilum amerikkayile paaraagveyude ambaasadaraayi sevanamanushtichu.
1911 muthal 1913 vare addeham chiliyile bernardo oo 'higginsinte sainika vidyaalayathil kozhsukal poortthiyaakki. 1917ll addeham captanaayi sthaanakkayattam nedi. 1922leeii paragway viplavathil oru pradhana punk vahicha addeham pinneedu mejaraayi sthaanakkayattam nedi. avarude kazhivukalkk vendi paareesile ekkol superrior dii guerreyil moonnu varsham kozhs staafilekku thiranjedukkappettu, avide addeham general mouris gamalinteyum marshell fochinteyum sishyanaayirunnu. estigaaribiya avide mikacha nottukal nedi birudam nedi. 1928ll madangiyethiya addeham karasenayude medaaviyaayi niyamithanaayi. chacko prathirodhikkunathinulla thanthrathekkurichu sarkkarumaayulla abhiprayavyathyaasangal kaaranam peru neekkamcheythu oru varshathinullil, "chacko athu upekshikkanamennu vaadikkanam", addeham vaadichu, athaayath, bhoomi kaivashappeduthukayalla, shathruvine nasippikkuka ennathaanu vishayam. ennirunnaalum, boleeviyaykkethiraaya yuddham anivaaryamaanennu thonniyathinaal, lefttanant kenal estigaaribiyaanu chackoyil aavasyamennu sarkkar theerumaanichu. annu addehathinu 44 vayassayirunnu. cheria nilavaaram, valare samadhaanaparam, aathmaparisodhana, allengil addehathinte vyakthithvam allengil addehathinte karkkashamaaya prachaarana unifom-avarude sleevukal eppozhum hraswamaayirunnu-addehathe mattu udyogastharil ninnu verittunirthi.
chacko yuddham.
sthalavum samayavum kaikaaryam cheyyendathu anivaryamaaya ashayavinimaya yudhamaayirikkum chacko yudhathinte nirvachanam. boleeviyaykk athinte vibhavangal samaharikkaan kazhiyunnathinumumbu, paaragvaayan sarkkar athinte pothu samaaharana padhathiyum aadyathe aakramanathmaka surprise paaragvaayiyude (septambar-desember 1932) thudakkavum sweekarikkaan addeham dridanishchayathilaayirunnu.
sainyathinte commander-inn-cheef ooppareshans conductor enna nilayil, chacko yudhathil (1932-1935) estigaaribiyaykku mikacha pankaalitthamundaayirunnu. addehathinte thanthrangalum thanthrangalum athinusesham lokamembaadumulla sainika akkaadamikalude thaalpparyavum padanavum aakarshichu. parague nadiyilekkulla bolivian munnettam thadayaan addehathinu kazhinju, koodaathe sthaanaparamaaya poraattavum garilla yuddha saankethikavidyakalum upayogichu sakthamaaya shatru vibhaagangale nashippichu.
sainyam addehathinte niyanthranathilaayathinaal, paaragvaayiyude paramavadhi sramam bolivian sainyathinethire vijayakaramaya oru sainika prachaaranatthinu neethrthwam nalki, manushyarilum vibhavangalilum mikachathu, rioo paarapittiyilekku thirichetthi. chalanayudhathekkurichulla addehathinte thanthraparamaaya chintha, logistiksinte (prathyekichu vellam) praadhaanyam, sainyathinte eakaagratha, prathirodhatthil ninnu aakramanathilekkulla vazhi, shathruvinekkurichum pravartthanangalude bhoopradeshathekkurichum ulla samagramaya arivu enniva addehathe rund lokamahaayudhangalkidayil sainika drivermaarude idayil oru prathyekaavakaashathil athichu. thante commandinu keezhilulla udyogasthare paramavadhi prayojanappeduthukayum oru paragvaayan sainikante poraattaparavum daarmmikavumaaya gunangal prakadippikkumennu vishwasikkappedukayum cheythu.
yudhathinte aadyavarshathil kenal rangode addeham paragvaayan sainyathe nayichu. campo grande, poso favourit ennivarude vijayathin sesham addehathinu generalayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. chacko prathirodhikkunnavarkk nalkia sevanangalude amgeekaaramaayi, 1940 ll addehathinte maranashesham marshell padaviyilekku sthaanakkayattam labhichu.
yudhaanantharakaalam.
1939ll naalu varshathekku presidentaayi thiranjedukkappetta estigaaribiya august 15nuu adhikaaramettu. aarumaasathinusesham 1940 februvari 19nuu estigaaribiya niyamanirmmanam pirichuvidukayum bharanaghadana thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivaykkukayum cheythu. nammude raajyam bhayanakamaaya araajakathvathinte vakkilaanenn" prakhyaapicha addeham, praayogikamaaya oru bharanaghadanaa chattakkood roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyumbol thanne janadhipathyam punasthaapikkumennu prakhyaapichu. 
athu oru shoonyamaaya vaagdaanamaayi maari; anchu maasathinullil addeham bharanaghadanaye kadutha svechaadhipathya rekhayaayi punarnirmmichu. samsthaanathinte nanmaykkaayi pravartthikkaan presidentinu vipulamaaya adikaarangal nikshipthamaayirunnu, athesamayam niyamanirmmaanasabhayude adikaarangal ganyamaayi vettikkurachu. oru aagast hitaparisodhanayil amgeekaricha bharanaghadana, estigaaribiyayude presidency niyamaparamaaya svechaadhipathyamaakki phalapradamaayi maatti.
1940 septambar 7 nuu estigaribiyayum bhaarya pradhama vanitha juuliya miranda cutoyum paragvaayan interior paryadanatthilaayirunnu. altosil ninnu saan bernardinoyile addehathinte naadan vasathiyilekkulla yaathrayil, addehathinte vimanam agaapuveyil thakarnnu veezhukayum vimaanathilundaayirunnavirum kollappedukayum cheythu. estigaaribiyayude pingamiyaayi higinio morinigo marananantharamaayi marshell padaviyilekku sthaanakkayattam nedi. addehathinte svechaadhipathya bharanaghadana 1967 vare praabalyatthil thudarnnu, athinusesham 1992 vare praabalyatthil undaayirunna oru thulya svechaadhipathya rekha upayogichu athu maattisthaapichu.

