
bill puttnam

milttan tasker "bill" putnam (februvari 20,1920-epril 13,1989) oru american audiyo enchineeyar, gaanarachayithaav, nirmmaathaav, studiyo designer, bisinasukaaran ennee nilakalil "aadhunika recordinginte pithaav" ennu visheshippikkappedunnu. aadhunika recording kansolinte kandupiduthakkaranaaya addeham yudhaananthara vaanijya recording vyavasaayathinte vikasanathile oru pradhana vyakthiyayi amgeekarikkappedunnu.
muun sahapravarthakanaaya broose sweediyan putnaaminte nettangale ingane vivarichu
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1920 februvari 20nuu illinoyisile daanvilleyilaan bill putnam janichathu. putnaminte pithaav kalkari khanana bisinasumaayi bandhapetta niravadhi bisinesses samrambhangal nadathukayum illinoyisile tuscola dablyu. dii. isadil oru radio prograam nadathukayum cheythu. aankuttikalude skauttil aayirikkumbol, oru 'wireless' merrit baadjinaayi pravartthikkumbol, putnam thante pithaavinte sahaayathode oru kristtal radioyum oru vann-tube radioyum nirmmichu, ithu electronixinodulla thante snehathinu kaaranamaayi. pathimoonnaam vayassil licensulla haam radio oopparettaraakaan addeham sramikkukayum paraajayappedukayum cheythuvenkilum pathinanjaam vayassil addeham vijayichu, klaas bii kooll saine dablyu 9 pukk nedukayum svanthamaayi haam radio nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
putnam danville haiskoolil padichu, avide addehathinte rund sahapaadikal dick vaan dike bobby short aayirunnu. thante aadyakaala haiskool varshangalil, oru suhruthinte radio shoppil part time jolie cheytha addeham radio repire, pii. eiii. sistangalekkurichu padichu. koleju campus gigukal vaayikkunna niravadhi praadeshika baandukalodoppam addeham paadaan thudangi, jassinode sangeetha bisinessode thanikk thaalparyam valarthiyedukkukayum sangeethanjjar thante priyappetta aalukalaanennu manassilakkukayum cheythu. juuniyar varshamaayappozhekkum, dance baandukalodoppam paadunna putnatthinu raathriyil 5 dollar sambaadikkukayum vaaraanthyangalil kaar radiokal sthaapikkunna swantham haam radio shope svanthamaakkukayum cheythu. haiskoolil ninnu birudam nediya sesham addeham thante radio shope 700 dollarinu vilkkukayum valparaiso technical instittyoottil broadcast enchiniyaring padikkaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu.bii. hershman skoolinte bhaavi deenaaya cloyd paattanum.
putnam thante janmanaadaaya danvilleyilekku madangiyethi dablyu. daan enchiniyaring vibhaagathil jolie cheyyukayum pinneedu illinoyisile shampainile dablyu. dii. dablyu. esil cheef enchineeyaraayi maarukayum cheythu. radio, television maasikakalkkayi addeham lekhanangal ezhuthaan thudangi.
currier.
sainika sevanam.
1941-ll 21-aamm vayassil putnaminu oru karadu notice labikkukayum chikkagoyile aaram sarvees commandinu keezhil yunaittad stetts armi corps oof enchineeyarmaarkkaayi radio renchukalil jolie cheiyunna oru sivil sarvees jeevanakkaranaayi maarukayum cheythu. putnam pinneedu jii-2-ll niravadhi vyathyastha padhathikalil pravarthichu, avayil aadyathethu mine dittaktarukale cheruthaakki president franklin dii. yeei samrakshikkaan yunaittad stetts rahasya sevanangal upayogikkunna oru miniyechar, maraykkaavunna gann dittaktar vikasippikkuka ennathaayirunnu. tehran konfaransil rooswelt. valia baandukal record cheiyunnathinaayi sayudha senayude shringalayilum putnam pravarthichu.
illinois (1946-1957).
1946-ll putnam prathyeka recording upakaranangaludeyum puthiya recording saankethikavidyakaludeyum vikasanathinaayi illinoyisile evaanstanil saarvathrika recording korppareshan sthaapichu. abc radio netvarkkinaayi prakshepana transcription shokal record cheiyunnathinum vaikippikkunnathinumalla labhakaramaaya oru karar putnam nedi.
1947-ll putnam chikkago sivik ooppara kettidatthinte 42-aamm nilayilekku saarvathrika recording maattukayum recordinte vilppanayude oru bhaagathinu pakaramaayi oru recording session record release sugamamakkaan sahaayikkunnathin harmonicateukalumaayi oru karar undaakkukayum cheythu. pegg ooo mye hart" record cheiyunnathinaayi addeham kettidatthinte kulimuri oru prathidhwani arayayi upayogichathu oru janapriya gaanatthile krithrima reverbinte aadya kalaparamaaya upayogamaayirunnu. eee gaanam 14 laksham koppikal vittazhikkukayum, vitaakaustik, saarvathrika record labelukal sthaapikkaan putnatthe prachodippikkukayum saarvathrika recordingle putnam upayogichu record cheyyaan puthiya klayantukale aakarshikkukayum cheythu.
athe varsham thanne, paatti peju upayogichu nirmmicha recordingle onniladhikam varikal aalapicha orotta kalakarante aadya recording putnavum jorjju barnes "duet" nirddeshichu."peju" "kanferens" "enna oru vokkal line paadi, randaam bhagam oru valia 17.25 diskill record cheythu, thudarnnu avar pradhana vokkal line aalapikkumbol veendum play cheythu; rund shabdangalum anubandhavum oru vayar recorderil gadippichu". taamasiyaathe, magnetic tape upayogichu gittaarukalum shabdavum gunikkaan less pooll swantham saankethikavidya upayogichu.
1955ll putnam 46 iii. yill 15,000 chathurashra adii vistheernnamulla oru puthiya saarvathrika recording soukaryam nirmmichu. valton street. vee-jayy, merkuri, chess, vann-derfle thudangiya swatantra chikkago record labelukalkkaayi recording projaktukal nadathunna putnaminte kambani vegathil chikkagoyile ettavum valia swatantra studiyoyaayi maari, chilappol "grand palas" ennu vilikkappedunnu. kaundu besi, saaraa vaaghan, littil walter, dina washington, wick daamon, duke ellington thudangiya kalakaaranmaarumaayulla addehathinte pravartthanatthiloode addehathinte prashasthi athivegam valarnnu, addeham putnatthe thante priyappetta enchineeyaraanennu paranju. tape repeatinte aadya upayogam, aadyathe vokkal booth, aadyathe multiple voys recording, 8 track recording upayogicha aadyathethu (less pooll, toom daud ennivaykku munbu), studiyoyile delay lainukalude aadya upayogam, 1956 ll pakuthi vegathayulla maasterd discukalude (merkuri labelil) aadya release ennivayulppede recording vyavasaayathin niravadhi 'phastt' kall saarvathrika kaalaghattatthil kandu.)
1950kalude madhyathode, amerikkayil ettavum kooduthal aavasyamulla enchineeyar nirmmaathaakkalil oraalaayirunnu putnam. saam phillips 1955 augustil elvis presleyude "misttari train", "njaan marakkaan marannu" enniva putnaminu ayachukoduthu "78,45 ennee varshangalil enikku 'hoott' level nalkuka, kazhiyunnathra saannidhyavum peekkum basses!"saarvathrika recording valare vijayakaramayathinaal nelson riddle, mitch miller, kwinsey johns ennivarulppedeyulla klayantukal padinjaaran theerathu oru soukaryam thurakkaan putnathodu abhyarthikkaan thudangi.
california.
1957-ll frank sinatrayudeyum bing crossbyudeyum pinthunayode, putnam saarvathrika recordingilulla thante thaalparyam vitt hollywoodylake thamasam maarukayum 6050 sooryaasthamaya boulivaardil pravarthanarahithamaaya oru philim studiyo ettedukkukayum punarnirmmikkukayum oru puthiya kambaniyaaya yunaittad recording sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
puthiya samuchayathil kazhiyunnathra saankethika kandupidithangal ulppeduthaan theerumaanicha putnam, multy track monittaring recording anuvadikkunnathinaayi studiyo kantrol room aashayathinte ganyamaaya naveekaranavum, overhead forwade speaker mounting nalkunnathinum athidhikalkku irippidam nalkunnathinum putnatthinte noothana roopakalppana avatharippikkunnathinoppa studioyekkurichulla enchineeyarude kazhcha mechappeduthunnathinum (akkaalathe kantrol roomukal saadhaaranayaayi cheria boothukalaayirunnu) puthiya soukaryangal nirmmichu. yunaitadinte soukaryangalil vyathyastha valuppathilulla moonnu shabdaparamaayi otappetta studiyokal, moonnu lucker maasttaring studiyokal (oru steeriyo), oru steeriyo ree-mixing room enniva ulppedunnu. koodaathe, oro studiyoykkum athintethaaya steeriyo acoostic reverberation room undaayirunnu. ellah soukaryangalum oru kendra sthalathu electronic reethiyil cross kanakttucheythirunnu, angane ellah soukaryangalum aavashyamenkil parasparam labhyamakum.
1961ll putnam 6000 sooryaasthamayathil sthithicheyyunna ayalrajyamaaya vestten recorderukal ettedukkukayum athu punarnirmmikkukayum samuchayathil ulppeduthukayum cheythu, athine yunaittad vestten recorderukal ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. frank sinatrayude ishtappetta enchineeyaraayirunnu putnam, labhyatha urappakkaan sinatra addehathe nilanirtthi. sinatra reprise recordukal sthaapikkumbol, addehathinte oafees vestten recordezhs kettidatthilaayirunnu.
putnam yunaittad recording sthaapicha samayat, steeriyo recording puthiyathum pradhana record labelukal oru puthumayekkaal alpam kooduthalaanennu kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. ennaal putnam athinte praadhaanyam munkootty manassilakkukayum swantham chelavil yunaittad nirmmikkunna recordingukalude oresamayam steeriyo mixukal nirmmikkanum sambharikkaanum thudangukayum cheythu. 1962 oode, steeriyo recordingukalkkulla upabhokthru aavasyam vardhichukondirikke, pradhana labelukal putnaaminte steeriyo recordingukalude shekharam vaangaan vaagdaanam cheythu. pootnam oru labhakaramaaya karar charcha cheythu, athil addehathinu poortthiyaaya recordingukalkku prathiphalam labhichilla, marichu steeriyo pathippukal kalarthaan upayogicha (valare chelaveria) studiyo samayathinu prathiphalam labhichu. putnaminte muun associate, alan pakshangal parayunnathanusarichu, eee samayat yunaittad recording studiyo billingil prathimasam ekadesham 200,000 dollar (innu prathimasam njangalkk thulyamaanu) konduvarikayaayirunnu.
yunaittad/vestten layanathinusesham, avarude sinimakalkku kooduthal aadhunika shabdam thedunna hollywoodile niravadhi chalachithra sangeetha nirmmaathaakkalude abhyarthana maanich, studiyokal multy-track philim recorderukal upayogichu chalachithra skorukal record cheyyaan thudangi. studiyoyil viidiyoo soochanakal play cheiyunnathum vegathilulla playbaakkinaayi mono audiyo recording samanvayippikkunnathum valare janapriyamaaya samaya laabhikkunna onnaayirunnu.
1962-ll, bay eriyayile vaanijya jinkle vyavasaayathil oru bisinesses avasaram manassilakkiya puttnam koost recorderukalil bhooribhaagam thaalpparyavum vaangukayum studiyo 960 bush streettile oru sthalathekku maattukayum cheythu. oduvil addeham koost recorderukale 827 folsum streettile swantham roopakalppanayilulla rund nilakalulla studiyo complexilake maatti, avide francis foord koppola thante american sotrop philim studiyoykkaayi randaam nilayil sthalam paattatthinu nalki. oru varshathinullil, 1970 septambar 15 nuu, putnam kettidatthinte bhooribhaagam niyanthranavum columbia recordukalkku vittu, ithu cbsinte oru vibhagamaanu. eee sthalam pinneedu automaatt recording studiyoyude aasthaanamaayi maari.
1963-ll poornnamaayum sajjeekarichirikkunna remot recording truck upayogichu yunaittad recording korppareshan oof newada allengil yurkon sthaapichappol putnam thante studiyo saannidhyam laas vegasilekku vyapippichu. 1966ll putnam yurkkon bill porttarinu vittu.
1985-ll putnam yadhaartha yunaittad recording studiyo alan sidesinu vittu, avar athine ooshyan way recording ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
saarvathrika oodiyooyum yureyum.
putnam aadyathe yuu. ezz multy-baand audiyo equaliser vikasippikkukayum 1958 ll studiyo upakaranangal vikasippikkunnathinum nirmmikkunnathinumulla oru maargamaayi yunaittad recordinginte randaam nila lofttil saarvathrika audiyo, pinneedu saarvathrika recording electronics vyavasaayangal (yure) sthaapikkukayum cheythu. putnaminte 610 modular chaanal strippukal gadippicha ishtaanusritha studiyo electronics recording kansolukal ithil ulppedunnu, ivayellaam taamasiyaathe amerikkayiludaneelamulla studiyokalile saadhaarana upakaranangalayi maari. vaakvam tube adisthaanamaakkiyulla laa-2 eiii, 176 compressorukal, avarude traansisttar adisthaanamaakkiyulla pingamikalaaya laa-3 eiii, 1176 ennivayude utharavaadithavum putnaminte kambanikalkkaayirunnu. avar time aline monittar seerees vikasippichu.
yunaittad recordingin mukalilulla lofttine marikadannu yurey padinjaaran recorder kettidatthinte oru vibhaagathilekku thamasam maatti, pinneedu vadakkan hollywoodile valare valia aasthaanathekku maari, putnam oduvil athu harman vyavasaayangalkk vittu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
puttnam naalu thavana vivaham kazhichu. addeham thante aadya bharyayaaya gracinoppam scott aandu syoo enna oru makan makalum janichu, addeham putnam yuu. esil chernnappol makkalkkoppam illinoyisile danvilleyil thamasikkaan theerumaanichu.ezz. chikkagoyude vadakku bhaagathinaduthu sainika samghavum nilayurappichirunnu. sainyathil ninnu discharge cheytha sesham adhehavum grays vivaahamochanam nedi. saarvathrika recording valton streettilekk maariyathinusesham, putnam saarvathrika recording korppareshante valton street lokkeshanu sameepamulla oru klabbile gaayikayaya bellinda richmandine kandumuttukayum iruvarum vivaahitharaakukayum cheythu. studiyoyil tape edittaraayum part time phayal librarianaayum bellinda jolie cheythu. ennaal hollywoodylake marria sesham, saarvathrika recordingle putnaminte neenda manikorukal veendum vivaahamochanathilekku nayichu. frank sinatra thante sahayiyaaya miriam saimansinu ('takey' ennum ariyappedunnu) putnatthe parichayappedutthi, avar addehathinte moonnaamathe bharyayaayi, addehathodoppam bill juuniyar enna rund aanmakkal koodi janichu. oppam jiim. miriam apratheekshithamaayi marikkukayum kambani vitt viramikkunnathuvare bill veendum vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. viramichappol adhehavum avasana bhaarya karolinum kaaliforniyayile ventura keysilekk thamasam maari.
putnam 69-aamm vayassil kaaliforniyayile reversidil vachu marikkukayum kaaliforniyayile westlake graamatthile vaali ooks memorial parkkil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu. niravadhi record executiveukalum vyavasaya sahapravarthakarum eee sevanathil nannayi pankedutthu, koodaathe oru koottam sangeethanjjar billinte priyappetta chila ganangal alapikkaan oru baand roopeekarichu.