
vichitramaaya tholvi

1940-leeii venalkkaalath franch charitrakaaranaaya maarkk bloach ezhuthiya oru pusthakamaanu vichitramaaya parajayam. 1946-ll eee pusthakam prasidheekarikkappettu; athesamayam, franch prathirodhatthil pankedutthathinu 1944 juunil gestappo blochine peedippikkukayum vadikkukayum cheythu. 1949ll ooksfoord yooniversitti pras oru engleesh vivarthanam prasidheekarichu. dablyu. 1968ll norttan.
pashchaathalam.
1940leeii france yudhathile franch paraajayatthinte kaaranangale kendreekarichulla eee pusthakam, bhaagikamaayi addehathinte charitra scholarshippil samanamaaya thaarathamyena deerghakaala veekshanam upayogikkunnu (annales school kaanuka). onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham "aadhunika yudhathinte muzhuvan thaalavum athinte vegathaye maattimarichu" ennu thirichariyaan franch neethrthwam parajayappettu ennathaanu pusthakatthinte pradhana prabandham."moonnu adhyayangal maathrameyulloo" "saakshiyude avatharanam", "charithrapadanatthinaayi samarppichathum onnaam lokamahaayudham thadassappeduthiyathumaaya oru jeevithathinte hrasvamaaya vyakthiparamaaya charithram;" "parajayappettavaril oraal thelivukal nalkunnu", "france yudhathile thante anubhavathinte vasthuthaparamaaya vivaranam;" "oru franch manushyan thante manassakshiye parishodhikkunnu", "yudhakaalathe thalamurayude chinthakaleyum pravarthanangaleyum kurichulla oru kaduppameriya vishakalanam".
ulladakkam.
charitrakaaranmaar pinneedu charcha cheytha mikka prashnangalum bloach unnayichu. addeham fraansinte neethrthwathe kuttappedutthi
kuttabodham vyaapakamaayirunnu. thettaaya deseeya nayathinum naasi bheeshanikkethiraaya durbalamaaya prathirodhatthinum yadhaartha fraansine ottikkodukkunnathinum kuttikale upekshikkunathinum bharanavargatheyum sainyatheyum raashtreeyakkaareyum maadyamangaleyum adhyapakareyum bloach kuttappeduthiyathaayi karol fink vaadikkunnu. aadhunika pooraattatthinte reethikalum manashaasthravum athinte nethaakkal nannayi manassilakkiyathinaal jarmmani vijayichu.
taanum saha udyogastharum akkaalat kandathupole paraajayatthinte kaaranathekkurichu kadinavum vyakthavumaya veekshanam bloach report cheiyunnu (p. achadicha franch pathippinte 20, pii. 1940 joolaiykkum septambarinum idayil ezhuthiya kaiyezhuthuprathiyude 45): "duranthatthinte aazhathilulla kaaranam enthuthanneyaayaalum, haikkamaandinte poornnamaaya kazhivillaymayaayirunnu udanadi undaaya avasaram."bloach sakhyakakshikaleyum vimarshikkunnu, prathyekichu britiish sainikarudeyum beljiyathile pinvaangalile hikemandinteyum perumaattatthe.
ennirunnaalum, thudarnnulla oru punaravalokanatthil, addeham oru adikkurippu chertthu, athu headquartezhs allatha udyogasthare kuttappeduthunnu (p. achadicha franch pathippinte 68, pii. 1942 joolaiyile adikkurippaaya 145-aamm kaiyezhuthuprathi ingane "paraajayatthe thudarnnu njaan vishwasikkaan aagrahichathinekkaal valare kuravaayirunnu sainika kamaandile parajayangal. ... theerchayaayum varggavibhaagangalile (reserveukalum sajeeva udyogastharum thammilulla) oru nischitha dhaarmika prathisandhi oraal sangalppikkaan dhairyappettathilum aazhameriyathaayirunnu."fraansinte prathikaranatthe thadassappeduthiya kooduthal pothuvaaya sthaapanaparavum saamoohikavumaaya paraajayangalekkurichu moonnaam adhyayam vishadeekarichu.

