
namamugi sambhavam

kanagawa sambhavavum richaardson kaaryavum ennum ariyappedunna eee sambhavam 1862 septambar 14 nuu jappaanile tokugawa shogunettil "bakumatsu" samayat sambhavicha oru rashtreeya prathisandhiyaayirunnu. britiish vyaapaariyaaya chaals lennox richaardson, kawasakiykku sameepamulla namamugiyile oru roadle satsuma domaininte reejantaaya shimasu hisaamitsuvinte sayudha samghathaal kollappettu. 
richaardsante kolapathakam jappaanile avarude deshavirudhatha lamghichathinu europpukaarkkidayil prathishedham srishtichu, athesamayam japanese vaadikkunnathu richaardson shimasuvine apamaanichuvennum "kiri-soot goman" bharanathin keezhil nyayamaayum kollappettu ennum aayirunnu. nashtaparihaaratthinaayulla britteeshukaarude aavasyangalum prathikarikkunnathil satsuma parajayappettathum 1863 augustil kagoshima (allengil anglo-satsuma yuddham) bombaakramanathinu kaaranamaayi.
sambhavangalude gathi.
1862 septambar 14 nuu naalu britiish prajakal-shanghoy aasthaanamaayulla vyaapaari chaals lenox richaardson, yokohama aasthaanamaayulla rund vyapaarikal, woodorp chaals clark, vilyam marshell, maarshalinte bharyasahodari maargarat vaatsan boradale-kavasaakkiykkaduthulla kawasaki daishi kshethram sandarshikkaan jappaanile tokaido roadle yaatra cheiyukayaayirunnu. richaardson aduthide viramikkal prakhyaapichirunnu, englandilekku madangunna vazhiyil suhruthukkalodoppam kshethram sandarshikkukayaayirunnu. yokohama thuramukham kadannu kanagawa graamathilekku boatil pooyi, munnottuvacha kuthirakalodoppam cherunnathinayi party yokohama udambadi thuramukhathu ninnu 2.30 nuu purappettu. aduthulla namamugi graamatthiloode (ippol yokohamayile surumi vaardinte bhagam) vadakkott sanjarikkumbol, satsuma domainile "diamyo" shimasu thadayoshiyude reejantum pithavumaaya shimasu hisaamitsuvinte valia sayudha samghathe avar nerittu.
shimasu ethir dishayilekku lenoxylake addehathinte partyilekkum pookukayaayirunnu, avar roadinte muzhuvan veethiyum ulkkollunna ghoshayaathrayude pradhana bhaagathethunnathuvare erangaathe roadinte vashathukoodi sawari thudarnnu. thante party nayicha richaardson shimaasuvinte ghoshayaathraykk sameepam sanjarikkukayum aavarthichu aamgyam kaanichenkilum erangaathirikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu satsuma amgarakshakaril oraal richardsone murichumaattukayum maarakamaayi parikkelppikkukayum cheythu. clarkinum marshalinum satsuma saaramaayi parikkettenkilum borodylinu oru kedupaadum sambhavichilla, moovarum kazhiyunnathra vegathil oodippoyi. richaardson kuthirayil ninnu veezhukayum shimasu "todam"-koopp dii grass-nalkaan utharavidukayum niravadhi samuraikal richardsone vaalukalum eenangalum upayogichu hack cheyyaanum kuthaanum thudangukayum cheythu. richaardsante shareerathinte postmortem parisodhanayil patthu marakamaaya murivukal kandethi, addehathe yokohama videsha general semitheriyil, maarshalinteyum clarkinteyum pilkkala shavakudeerangalkkidayil samskarichu.
namamugi sambhavathinte anantharafalangal.
bharanakakshiyaya tokugawa shogunett "sakoku" ennariyappedunna charitraparamaaya ottappedal videsanayam avasanippikkukayum videshikale praveshikkaan anuvadikkukayum cheythathinu sheshamulla kaalaghattamaaya "bakumatsu" samayat namamugi sambhavam jappanil oru puthiya rashtreeya prathisandhi srishtichu. japanese, paashchaathyar richaardsante maranathil roshakularaayi, eee grouppukal yathaakramam kolapaathakatthe erekkure ekakandamaayi pinthunaykkukayum ethirkkukayum cheythu.
roadinu naduvil thanne richaardson sawari thudarukayum shimaasuvinte maalinyam, amgarakshakar ennivarkkidayil akappedaan sramikkukayum cheythathayi japanese reportukal aaropikkunnu. jappanil, "samuraay" kku "kiri-soot goman" ennariyappedunna niyamaparamaaya avakashamundaayirunnu, athu thaazhethattilppetta aareyum anaadaravu kaanichathinu adikkaan avare anuvadichu, ithu shimaasuvinte anuyaayikal nadatthiya kolapaathakatthe nyaayeekarikkaamaayirunnu. lenoxinteyum addehathinte party ahankara manobhaavam sambhavathin kaaranamaayathinte thelivaayi oru "diamyos traininu munnil erangi kuninja amerikkakkaranaaya yujeen vaan reedine japanese instaand cheythu. paashchaathyar japanese janathaykku munnil anthassode nilakollanamennum kuranjathu eathoru japanese vyakthikkum thulyaraanennum vishwasichirunna paashchaathya samoohathe vaan reedinte perumaattam njettichirunnu. chainayil kuthirasavaari cheyyumbol richaardson chainees janathayodu samanamaaya reethiyil perumaariyirunnuvennum 1862 septambar 16 chovvaazhchathe "jappan herald" extra "anusarichu, sambhavathin thottumunbu addeham parayunnath kelkkappettirunnu," eee aalukalumayi engane perumaaranamenn enicariyaam ". richaardsante ammavan addehathinte anantharavante niryaanathil aashcharyappettillengilum ashradhayum daarmikathayum kaanichathinu addehathe kuttappedutthi. chainayile britiish sthaanapathiyaayirunna frederic raitt-broose richardsone "ahankaariyaaya saahasikan" ennu oormmippichu.
yokohamayile kannaay jilla aasthaanamaayulla jappaanile videsha samoohathil eee sambhavam bhayathinu kaaranamaayi. anglo-japanese sauhruda udambadi prakaram jappanil lenox deshaadanathaal samrakshikkappettittundum japanese saamskaarika aavasyakathakalil ninnu ozhivaakkiyittundennum paashchaathyar vaadichu, athaayath "kiri-soot goman" enna peril richaardsante maranam niyamavirudhamaayirunnu. jappaanethire shiksha nadapadikal sweekarikkaan niravadhi paashchaathya vyapaarikal thangalude sarkkaarukalodu abhyarthichu. kuttavaalikale arast cheyyuka, vichaarana cheyyuka, vadikkuka ennivaykkoppam "bakufu", satsumayude "diamyo" ennivayil ninnu nashtapariharam nalkanamennu britiish sarkkar aavasyappettu. 
kagoshimayile bombakramanam.
1863 madhyathode, namamugi sambhavathinulla nashtapariharam aavashyappedunnava ippozhum niravettappedaathathinaal britishukaar akshamaraayi. joolaiyil, "bakufu" vimukhathayode britteeshukaarkk 100,000 poundu (avarude vaarshika varumaanathinte moonnilonnu) nashtaparihaaramaayi nalki, ennirunnaalum ithu pradhaanamaayum tokugawa thalasthaana nagaramaya edoykkethire naavika bombakramanam undaakumenna bhayamaan. britiish aavasyangal avaganichukondu satsuma domaine thudarnnu, richaardsante maranathil mapp parayaan visammathichu.
august 15nuu, oru royal nevi schwadron satsuma domaininte thalasthaana nagaramaya kagoshimayile vellathil praveshichu, namamugi sambhavathin aavasyappetta nashtapariharam balamaayi pinvalichu. bhaaviyile charchakalkkaayi vilapeshal chips aayi avar niravadhi satsuma kappalukal pidichedutthuvenkilum satsuma theeradesha baattarikal apratheekshithamaayi avaye vedivechu. schwadron satsuma kappalukal nasippikkukayum ozhippicha kagoshimayil bombit prathyakramanam nadathukayum cheythu. satsuma baattarikal kramena nishabdamaakkiyenkilum britiish kappalukalkk bombakramanam nilanirthaan kazhiyaathe varikayum rund divasathinu sesham pinvaangukayum cheythu. aathyanthikamayi, yudhathil satsuma bhaagath anchu perr kollappedukayum britteeshukaarkkidayil pathinonnu perr kollappedukayum cheythu (orotta peeranki vedi upayogichu, britiish munnira echms "urielus" nte captanum commander ulppede). 
kagoshimayil 500 oolam veedukal nasippikkappedukayum moonnu satsuma neeravi kappalukal mungukayum cheythathiloode satsumayude bhauthika nashtam ganyamaayirunnu. eee vivaahanischayam britiish house oof komansil valareyadhikam vivaadangal srishtichuvenkilum acting vais admiral augusts leopold kupparinte perumaattatthe oduvil house prashamsichu. 1864-ll "kagoshimayile sevanagalkk" kupparine ettavum manyamaaya kulimuriyile naitt kamaandaraayi uyarthi. shimasu hisaamitsukk pinneedu "oosumi noow kaami" (διγ) enna kodathi padavi nalki. 
sainika stambhanam namamugi sambhavavumayi bandhappett briteeshukaarum satsuma thammilulla punar charchaykku kaaranamaayi. satsuma rajasenayude menmaye prashamsikkukayum athinte falamaayi brittanumaayi oru vyapara bandham thedukayum cheythu. aaa varsham avasaanam, britiish sarkkar aavasyappetta 25,000 poundu nashtapariharam "bakufuvil" ninnu kadam vangiya panam upayogichu satsuma nalki. anchu varshathinu sesham meiji punasthaapanatthil tokugawa shogunett attimarikkappedumennathil satsuma orikkalum 25,000 poundu "bakufu" kku thirichadachilla, koodaathe richardsone vichaarana cheiyunnathinaayi kolappeduthiya shimaasuvinte amgarakshakarkkaayulla britiish aavasyangal niravettapettilla. kagoshimayile bombakramanam jappanil anglo-sattsuma yuddham (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
janakeeya samskaarathil.
jaims klaavellinte "gaay-jiinn" enna novalinte adisthaanamaayirunnu namamugi sambhavam. rund paashchaathya vyaapaarikale samuraay kolappeduthiyathinulla prathikaaramaayi peru velippeduthaatha oru japanese thuramukha pattanatthe oru britiish yudhakkappal bombit veezhthunnathu chithreekarikkunna viidiyoo geyiminte udghaadana kattseenil ithu bhaagikamaayi paraamarshikkappedunnu. 

