
thunkoovinte miinii tihathu randaaman

thunkoovinte miinii tihathu randaaman (,; sii. 1550 august 6-1609 august 11) 1597 muthal 1609 vare verpirinja thunkoo (thunkoo) raajyathile rajaavaayirunnu. thunkoo saamraajyathinte thakarchayethudarnnu uyarnnuvanna niravadhi cheria samsthaanangalil onnaayirunnu addehathinte raajyam. 1599ll tungoo saamrajyam avasaanippicha pegu (bago) kollayadichathile pankinaalaanu addeham barmees charithratthil ettavum kooduthal ariyappedunnathu.
1584 muthal 1597 vare thante aadya cussin rajaavaaya nandayude bharanakaalathu addeham thunkoovinte vaisroyiyaayirunnu. pirinjathinushesham addeham araakaanile rajaavaaya raazaa randaamanumaayi oru sakhyathil earppedukayum avar 1599 desemberil pegu pidichedukkukayum cheythu. sakhyakakshikal rund maasathinu sesham nagaram kollayadikkukayum athu kathikkukayum cheythu. avar oru siamese adhiniveshathe pinthirippikkukayum siamese niyantritha martabanu (mottama) purathu thaazhnna barma samyukthamaayi bharikkanum sammathikkukayum cheythu. ennaal 1603ll arakkan sevanathil porchugees gavarnaraaya syrium (thanlin) porchugees goayilek maariyappol avarkk lover barmayude niyanthranam nashtappettu. 1603-04 ll syria veendedukkaanulla sakhyakakshikalude sramam parajayappettu.
thante raajyathin chuttumulla yudhathil takarnna mattu pradeshangalum toongoo nagravum punarnirmikkaan addeham thante avasana varshangal chelavazhichu. ennaal thekk ninnu porchugeesukaarum vadakku ninnu avaa (inva) yum thante raajyam kooduthalaayi pidichedukkunnathum addeham kandu. avan thunkoo ettedukkunnathinu oru varsham munbu marichu.
pashchaathalam.
thunkoovile viceroi minkhoung randaamanteyum addehathinte mukhyabharyayaaya legyoon mibayayudeyum mootha kuttiyaayirunnu miinii tihathu, sii. 1550 august 6. addehathinte pithaav thunkoo raajavamshathile bainnoung raajaavinte ardhasahodaranaayirunnu. addehathinte amma promeyile (payya) rajaavaaya bayin htwayude makalum aavayile rajaavaaya naarapathiyude cherumakalumaanu. tabinshwehti raajaavinte kolapaathakathetthudarnnu beinnaunginethiraaya hrasvamaaya kalaapathinidayilaan addeham janichathu. addehathinu naalu poornna sahodaranmaarum (oru sahodaran moonnu sahodarimaarum) oru ardhasahodariyum undaayirunnu.
aadyakaala currier.
tarrawadi govarnor (sii. 1564-74).
charithrarekhakal addehathinte aadyakaala jeevithathekkurichu vishadaamshangalonnum nalkunnillengilum, yuva rajakumaran thante ammavan rajaavil oru swaadheenam chelutthi. ekadesham 14 vayassullappol, innathe bago mekhalayile oru cheria pattanamaya miniye cavthin () shailiyilulla tarrawadi (tayawadi) yude govarnoraayi addeham niyamithanaayi. 1564 octoberil rajaavu thante 14 vayassulla anantharavan 12,000 amgangalulla anchaamathe sainyathinte command varaanirikkunna laan naa, laan saang aakramanangalkkayi nalki. oru yuva barmees rajakumaranodu munnirayilekku pookaan aavasyappettathu asaadhaaranamallengilum, 14 vayassulla aaa yuvaavin ithrayum uyarnna sthaanam nalkiyathu asaadhaaranamaayirunnu. 64, 000 peradangunna sakthamaaya adhinivesha senayile mattu anchu sainika commandermar rajaavu, kireedavakashi, pithaav, mattu rund ammavanmaar ennivaraayirunnu, ivarellaam kuranjathu oru thalamurayenkilum praayamullavarum dhaaraalam sainika parichayamullavarumaayirunnu. pradhaanamaayum siamese rejimentukal ulkkollunna oru sainyathil unnatha raajaavine prathinideekarikkaan addeham avideyundaayirunnuvennu urappaan. vaasthavathil, addehathinte siamese "prathinidhikal" ellaavarkkum muun sainika parichayamundaayirunnu.
1565 januvariyil vientiyaan pidichadakkunnathil addehathinte sainyam pankedukkukayum laan saangile rajaavaaya sethathirathine pinthudarunnathil falamillaathe maasangalolam lavotian kunnukalil trekking nadathukayum cheythu. 1565 octoberil pegu (bago) yill thirichethiyappol addehathinu 15 vayass thikanjirunnu. 1568 octoberil, thekkan siamileyum laan saangileyum kalaapangale adichamarthunnathinaayi laan naa, kengtung ennividangalil ninnulla 5000 sainikar adangunna anchaamathe sainyathe nayikkaan addehathe veendum vilippichu. 1569 augustil thekkan siyaaminte kalapam adichamarthappettengilum laan saang olivil thudarnnu. 1565-leeii pole, addehathinte sainyam 1569-leeii laan saang adhiniveshathil pankedutthu.
20-aamm vayassil, 1571 meyy 1-nuu sanda devi raajnjiyude beinnaunginte makalaaya ardhasahodaranaaya miin khinn soye addeham vivaham kazhichu.
toongoovinte prathyakshamaaya anantharaavakaasham (1574-84).
1574-ll addeham thante janmanaadaaya toonguvilekku madangukayum avide prathyakshamaaya anantharaavakaashiyaayi maarukayum cheythu. beynnaanginte sheshikkunna varshangalil addeham rund sainika pracharanangalil koodi pankedutthu. vadakkan shahn samsthaanangalaaya mohnin, mogong ennividangalile kalapathinethiraaya <aii. dii. 1> prachaaranatthil addeham oru sainyathe nayichu. 1581-ll arakkan prachaaranatthinte qoo-commander-inn-cheefaayirunnu addeham. ennaal 1581 octoberil bainnoung raajaavinte maranashesham puthiya rajaavaaya nanda eee akramanam avasanippichathinaal addehathinte sainyam kaaryamaaya nadapadiyundaayilla.
thekkukizhakkan eshyayude charithratthile ettavum valia saamrajyavum" "asambandhamaayi amithamaayi vikasippicha saamraajyavumaayirunnu". adhikara kaimaattam sugamamayi nadannu; adutha kaalam vare paramadhikaara rajyangalaayi upayogichirunna ellah pradhana saamanta bharanaadhikaarikalum kaathirikkukayum kaanukayum cheiyunna manobhaavam sweekarikkumbol thudakkathil puthiya rajavinodu vishwasthatha prathinjja cheythu. thante bhaagathuninnu nanda thante saamanthanmaare, prathyekichu thante swantham bandhukkalaya thunkoovinte minkhoung randaamaneyum aavayude thado minso vishwasichilla. thado minso <aii. dii. 1> ll kalapam nadathiyappol, 1584 eprilil kalapam adichamarthiya nandayude pakshathaanu minkhong.
thunkoovinte viceroi (1584-97).
naamamaathramaaya saamanthan.
nandaykku minkhounginte pinthuna addehathinte makan vaisroyiyaayi adhikaaramelkkunnathil nirnaayakamaayirunnu. awaa kaambeyn kazhinju rund maasathinullil 1584 juunil minkhong marichu. nanda miinii kyaavthinte sthaanaarohanathinu sammathikkukayum avarude muthachan mingi swe upayogicha athe shailiyilulla thunkoo rajaavaaya miinii tihathu enna padavi addehathinu nalkukayum cheythu. thante bhaagathuninnu, miinii tihathu randaaman thante ardhasahodaranodum bharyaasahodaranodum vishwasthatha prathinjja cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, adhehavum mattu saamanta bharanaadhikaarikalum naamamaathramaayi maathrame unnatha rajavinodu vishwasthatha pulartthiyirunnulloo. 1584 meyy maasathil kalapam nadatthiya siamumaayulla nandayude munganana avar svayam kooduthal svayambharanaadhikaaram nedunnathinaayi upayogichu, yudhashramathinu naamamaathramaaya sambhavana maathram nalki. mothatthil, miinii tihathu sayam aakramichappol maathram munnilethi, rund rejimentukal (2000 purushanmaar) maathram sambhavana cheythu. 1590-91,1592-93 akramanangalil addeham oro rejimentine veetham ayachu. mogaangile (innathe kachin samsthaanam) 1590-92 kalapam adichamarthunnathinu addeham oru pinthunayum nalkiyilla.
thaazhnna barma prathirodhikkaan (1594-95).
aapekshika svayambharanathinte kaalaghattam 1593-ll avasaanichu. appozhekkum, sayam (1584-93)-nte anchu aakramanangalum paraajayatthil avasaanikkukayum oduvil siam thirichupidikkunnathu nanda upekshikkukayum cheythu. thante adikaaram veettilekku kooduthal aduthu punasthaapikkunnathilke addeham ippol shradha thirikkunnu. moonnu vashathum nanda puthranmarum (vadakku aava, padinjaaru proma, thekk pegu) bharichirunna samsthaanangalaal chuttappettirunnathil miinii tihathuvinu shradhikkendivannu. 1594 octoberil moulmeenil (mavlamayim) siam pinthunayulla oru kalapam adichamarthaan oru sainyathe nayikkaan nanda addehathodu aavashyappettappol addeham sammathichu. ennaal addehathinte 8,000 anga sainyathe moulmeeninu purathu sayamese sainyam moshamaayi paraajayappeduthi. peguvil, tunguvilekku madangaan anuvadikkunnathinu munbu miinii tihaathuvine nanda kadinamaayi saasichu.
ennaal taamasiyaathe nanda addehathodu veendum sahayam abhyarthichu. 1594 desemberil nareshuwan raajaavinte neethrthwathil 12,000tholam varunna siamese sainyam pegu uparodhichu. pegu thanne akramikkum ennu nanda pratheekshichirunnilla, niraashayode promeyodum thungoovinodum lannayodum sahaayathinaayi aavasyappettu. miinii tihathuvinu thidukkamundaayirunnil. oru saahacharyathilum uparodham takarkkaan kazhiyaathathinal, lannayil ninnulla sainikar athunnathinaayi kaathirikkumbol addeham thante nagaratthinte prathirodham shakthippeduthi. maarchil maathramaan addeham thante sainyathodoppam laan naa sainikarkoppam peguvilekku poyath. addeham thante mootha makan naathshinnaangine kottakettya nagaratthinte chumathalaykk vittu.
toongoo, laan naa sainyangal chernnu naalu maasam pazhakkamulla uparodham thakarkkukayum sayamese sainyathe thirichayakkukayum cheythu. athesamayam, peguvile uparodham lamghikkunnathinupakaram promeyile thado dhamma yaasa moonnaamante neethrthwathilulla proma seena, addehathinte pithaav nandaykkethire kalapam nadathukayum madhya barma ekeekarikkaanulla lajjakaramaaya shramathil tunkuvilekku march cheyyukayum cheythu. prome sainyam randaazhchathekku thunkoo uparodhikkukayum miinii tihathu thante sainyavumayi thirichethiyathinushesham maathrame pinvaangukayulloo.
peguvil ninnu akannunilkkuka.
appozhekkum ellaavarum poornnamaayum thanikkuvendi puratthaayirunnu. padinjaaran madhya barma muthal vadakku pakhaan vare prome pidichedutthu. adutha vilikku sesham, miinii tihathu nanda sahayikkaatheyum swantham turfine prathirodhikkaan theerumaanichu. mattu saamanthanmaarum ithe nigamanatthiletthi. thudarnnu 1597-ll tungoo, laan naa, upper barma ennividangalile bharanadhikaarikal avarude aadyajatha puthranmaare peguvilekku ayaykkaanum avare bandikalaakkaanum nanda utharavittu. avarellam nirasichu. miniye tihathuvum navrahta minsoy nandayumaayulla ellah poshaka bandhangalum aupachaarikamaayi upekshichu. upper barmayile nayungyan, laan saangile vorapita thudangiya mattullavar audyogikamaayi swaathanthryam prakhyaapichittillaayim, pakshe avayum pradhaanamaayum verpirinju.
toongoo rajaavu (1597-1609).
pegu keezhadakkuka (1598-99).
nanda oru swatantra veezhchayilaayirunnu. adutha varsham addeham ippozhum bharichirunna rund sheshikkunna pradesangalaaya pegu pravishyayilum irawadi delttayilum addehathinte adikaaram kooduthal vashalayi. mikka kazhivulla shareeramulla purushanmaarum mattevideyengilum palayanam cheythirunnu. nagaratthinte aparamaaya sambathinum thaazhnna barmayude samudra vyaapaarathilekkulla praveshanathinum miinii tihathu peguvine nokki. arakkan rajaavaaya raazaa randaamanumaayi addeham sakhyamundaakki. saamraajyathil avasheshichathenthum samyukthamaayi akramikkaan sakhyakakshikal sammathikkukayum kollayadikkukayum cheythu. kollayude vihitam labhicha sesham arakkaanikal naattilekku madangumennum thaazhnna barmayude athiraalikalallennum manassilakki addeham ettavum akaleyulla rajyamaaya arakkane thiranjedutthu.
1598 maarchil, peguvil ninnu 60 kilometer vadakkukizhakkaayi kavliyayil 5000 anga sainyathe vinyasichukondu miinii tihathu peguvinte pradeshathekku aazhathil neengi. 30, 000-oolam varunna aracanese karaa, naavika senakal mrock-yuu lover barmayilekku vittu. 1599 maarchil aracanese naavikasena pradhana thuramukha nagaramaya syrium (tanlin) pidichedutthu. eprilil sakhyakakshikal pegu uparodhichu. uparodham nadannu ekadesham onpathu maasangalkk sesham nandayude prathyakshamaaya anantharaavakaashiyaaya miinii kyavswa nalla perumatta vaagdaanam nalki koorumaariyengilum udan thanne vadikkappettu. koorumattatthinu sesham rajaavu keezhadangi. veenupoya rajavineyum kudumbatheyum tunkuvilekku ayachu.
kazhinja 60 varshamaayi thunkoo saamraajyathinte thalasthaanamaayi shekharicha peguvinte aparamaaya sambathu vijayikal vibhajichu. svarnnavum velliyum vilayeriya kallukalum thulyamaayi vibhajichu. aracanese vihithathil niravadhi vediyunda peerankikal, 30 khamar venkala prathimakal, oru velutha aanaa enniva ulppedunnu. toongoovinu pallukalude avashishtavum seyloninte daana pathravum mattu vishudha mathaparamaya karakaushala vasthukkalum labhichu. kollayil toongoovinte maathram vihitam 700 aanakalum kuthirakalum adangunna oru dasaniladhikam kaaravanukalayirunnu. athesamayam, nareshwan rajaavum sainyavum thaazhnna barmayilekku neengukayaanennu avarkk vaartha labhichu. thaazhnna barma nilanirthaan addeham padhathiyittappol, kollaye surakshithamaaya toongoo paridhiyilekku athikkuka ennathaayirunnu miinii thihaathuvinte aadya munganana. pinneedu, adhehavum sainyavum thangalude kollayumaayi toungoovilekku madangi, arakkanikale nagaratthinte chumatala ealppichu. aracanese sainyam chittayayi kottaravum nagravum avasheshikkunna nidhikalum eduthukalayukayum nagarathinu theeyittu. 1565-68 ll bainnoung punarnirmmicha kanbavasatadi kottaravum pegu nagravum kathichu. thudarnnu arakkaanikal syriayilekku purappedukayum kollayadikkappettavar mrock-yuvilekk ayaykkukayum cheythu. raajyathinte charithratthile ettavum saahasikavum sainikamaayi vijayakaravumaya" toongoo saamrajyam illaathaayi.
narusan sainyavum pegu oonil ethi, pukanja oru vijanamaaya nagaram kandethi. aracanese sainyam ippozhum thekk syriayilaanennu thirichariyaathe addeham vadakkott neengi.
thaazhnna barmayile sayamese adhinivesham (1600).
miinii tihathuvum sainyavum tungoovil thirichetthi. eathaanum aazhchakalkk sesham naresuwan siamese sainyavum ethi nagaram uparodhichu. ponglong nadiyilekku oru chaanal nirmmichu nagaratthile kuzhikal ozhukaan siamese sainyam shramichu. ennaal avarude vitharanam nirtthiyappol abhilasha padhathi vettikkurachu. naresuvan thaazhnna barmayil thudarumennu karuthiyirunna aracanese sainyam siamese vitharana lineukal vichedikkukayum peguvilekku madangukayum cheythirunnu. chuttikkaranganulla saadhyathaye abhimukheekarichu naresuvan uparodham pinvalikkukayum athirthi vichedikkukayum cheythu. ennaal athirthiyil athunnathinumumbu addehathinu aracanese pathiyirippiloode kadannupokendivarikayum kanatha nashtam sambhavikkukayum cheythu. ennittum, nareshan thante niyanthranam tenasserim theeram muzhuvan martaban (mottama) vare vijayakaramaayi vyapippichu.
arakkanodoppam thaazhnna barmayude niyanthranam pankidunnu.
siamese bheeshani ippozhum valare aduthirikke, arakkanodoppam thaazhnna barma nilanirthaan miinii tihathu sammathichu. pradhaanamaayum sayamese adhiniveshathe paraajayappedutthiyathu arakkaanikal aayathinal addehathinu eee vishayathil oru choys undaayirikkilla. oru pradhana elavil, thuramukhathu ninnulla nikuthi varumaanathinte oru vihitathinu pakaramaayi thaazhnna barmayile pradhana thuramukhamaaya siriyayude niyanthranam arakkan vamshajarkk nalkaan addeham sammathichu. 1600 juunil raasa rajaavu philipp dii britto iii nikot enna porchugees kyapttane govarnoraayi niyamikkukayum pradhaanamaayum videsha koolippadayaalikal adangunna oru kaaval senaye avasheshippikkukayum cheythu.
siriyayude varumaanathe aashrayichenkilum mattu bharanadhikaarikal thuramukham ettedukkaan shramichappol miniye tihathu onnum cheythilla. 1601-ll, promeyude prabhuvaya yaan naing oru rajaavaaya binnya niyamavum nadatthiya rund vyathyastha aakramanangale syrian gaarisan thirichadichu. varshavasaanam, 1602 meyy vare ezhu maasathekku marthabaanile vaisroyiyaayi niyamicha siamese binnya daala gaarisan uparodhathilaayi. binnya daala thante makalum dii brittoyude makan saiman thammilulla sakhyathil dii brittoyumaayi samadhaanam sthaapichu. yuddham pottippurappedaathirikkaan miinii tihathu syriaykkum martaban sameepam oru koottam sainikare paarppichu, pakshe mattonnum cheythilla. appozhekkum porchugeesukaarude neethrthwathilulla kaaval senayude mail aracanese raajaavinte adikaaram polum naamamaathramaayirunnu. siriyathe oru porchugees kolaniyaakkaan dii britto govayile viceroi airs dii saldaanhayumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthiyirunnu.
kireedadhaaranam.
annuthanne miinii tihathu mahaa dhamma yaasa () enna thalakkettode rajaavaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyappedukayum addehathinte mukhya raajnji athula agga mahaa devi () enna thalakkett sweekarikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte mootha makan natshinnong prathyakshamaaya anantharaavakaashiyaayi. addeham thante mootha ilaya sahodaran thado dhamma yaasa (θαδο Dhamma Yasa) enna padaviyum nalkunnu, ithu promeyude bharanaadhikaarikalude sailiyaanu, ithu addehathinte padinjaarulla rajyamaaya promail addehathinu designukal undaayirunnuvennu soochippikkunnu.
thaazhnna barma thuramukhangalude nashtam.
promiyile addehathinte designukal kaathirikkendivarum. sii. 1603 march/epril maasangalil porchugeesukaar porchugees saamraajyathodulla kooru prakhyapikkukayum arakkan, tungoo ennivayumaayulla bandham upekshikkukayum cheythu.
ithinu marupadiyaayi, aii. dii. 1-nte varanda seasonil thunkuvum arakkan syriathinu nere samyuktha akramanam nadatthi. miinii tihathu thanne thunkoo sainyathe nayichu. ennaal nooriladhikam kappalukalum nooriladhikam yuddha bottukalum ulppetta aracanese naavikasena cape neegreysinu sameepam kurachu porchugees yudhakkappalukalaal paraajayappedukayum avarude commander kireedavakashi miin khamoung pidikkappedukayum cheythu. aracanese rajaavu thanne 300 boat navikasenayumaayi thudarnnu, tungoo sainyavumayi chernnu nagaram samyukthamaayi uparodhichu. ennaal syrian prathirodham nilaninnirunnu. thudarnnulla charchakalil, 1604-ll, kireedaavakaashiye mochippikkunnathinum porchugees kolaniyenna nilayil syriaykku padavi nalkunnathinum 50,000 duketukale mochanadravyamaayi nalkaan arakkaanikal sammathichu.
avasana varshangal (1604-09).
thante avasana varshangalil, miinii tihathu thante raajyam punarujjeevippicha aavayum sakthamaaya porchugees syria kooduthal adichamarthunnathu kandu. porchugees syria ettedukkal (aracanese pinvalikkalinoppam) pradhaanamaayum thaazhnna barmayude mail tungoovinte pidi avasaanippichu. thudarnnulla varshangalil porchugeesukaar delttayiludaneelam thangalude shakti prakadippikkukayum deltta prabhukkalude vishwasthatha nedukayum cheythu. thunkoovinte athirthikal peguvilekku thirichayakkukayum raajyam ippol poornnamaayum karayal chuttappettirikkukayum cheythu. samudra vyaapaarathinteyum thuramukhangalil ninnulla varumaanathinteyum nashtam thungoovinte sambadvyavasthaye prathikoolamaayi baadhichu. pilkkala varshangalil pegu athirthi polum porchugeesukaar pathivayi lamghichirunnu. peguk chuttumulla budhamatha pagodakalude avashishta arakal porchugeesukaar kollayadikkunnath thadayaan miinii thihaathuvinte sainyam shaktharaayirunnillenn charithrangal parayunnu.
athesamayam, vadakku bhaagath, anaukpethlun rajaavu, thante pithaav rajaavaaya nayungyan aarambhicha pravarthanangaletthudarnna, 1606 oode upper barma sis-saan shahn samsthaanangalum veendum onnippikkukayum 1608 ll prome pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
thottupinnaale tungu aayirunnu. ennaal miinii tihathu aaa ettumuttal kaanaan jeevichilla. addeham toongoovil vachu marichu. addehathinte pingamiyaayi naathshinnaungu adhikaaramettu.
bharanam.
siamese adhiniveshathinushesham, toongoo nagravum nagarathinu chuttumulla yudhathil takarnna pradeshangalum punarnirmmikkunnathinaayin addeham oru pradhana nirmmaana pravartthanangal aarambhichu. punarnirmmicha thante nagaratthilekku addeham aalukale punaradhivasippichu. innathe yodayadaan ("siamese quarter"), pabedan ("blacksmith quarter"), thaik taann (munbu, kaii-thaik taann, "ravanyoo building quarter") enniva addehathinte kaalaghattam muthalullathaanu.