
devoninte erl

englandinte peerejil niravadhi thavana srishticha oru thalakkettaanu erl oof devon. redvezhs kudumbam ("" "reviyezhs dii riviyezhs" "," riviyezhs "" muthalaayava) aanu ithu aadyam (1066 leeii norman keezhadakkalinushesham) kaivashappeduthiyathu.), pinneedu courtney kudumbam. deventire rajakumaran kaivashappeduthiyirikkunnu deventire raajakumaarante peraaya erl oof deventireumaayi ithine thettidharikkaruthu, ennirunnaalum pinneedulla piyarejukalude srishtikkulla aksharangalude pettant athe laattin padangal upayogichu, "devon varunnu (aii. eiii. iii)". devonile eeldormaante pree-kankvast offeesinte yadhaartha thudarchayallengilum oru punarnirmmaanamaayirunnu athu.
plaantajenett rajaakkanmaarude adutha bandhukkalum shaktharaaya sakhyakakshikalum, prathyekichu edward III, richard II, henry IV, henry V, devoninte earlukal tudorukal samshayathode pariganichu, orupakshe anyaayamaayi, bhaagikamaayi, devoninte 1st erl (1475-1511) vilyam courtaine, edward IV raajaavinte ilaya makalaaya yorkkile catherine rajakumari vivaham kazhichathinaal, devoninte earlukal engleesh simhaasanathilekku pinthudarchaavakaashathinu valare aduthethichu. tudor kaalaghattatthil, avasaanathe earl ozhikeyullavarellaam parichayapettu, koodaathe niravadhi vinodangalum punarudhaaranangalum undaayirunnu. avasaanathe vinodam graanti sweekarikkunnayaalude anantharaavakaashikalkkulla purushanaayirunnu, allathe (pathivupole) anantharaavakaashikalude shareerathile purushanalla. addeham avivaahithanaayi marichappol, eee padavi vamshanasham sambhavichathayi anumanikkappettu, ennaal valare pinneedu valare akaleyulla oru courtney cussin, poudarhaamil irikkunna kudumbatthinte, eee erlinu ezhu thalamurakalk munbu, hyoog dii courtney, devoninte randaamathe erl (d.1377), 1831-ll eee padavi vijayakaramaayi avakashappettu. eee nishkriyathva kaalayalavil, "dii juur" devoninte erlukal, pouderhaminte courtnekal, baaronettukalum pinneedu viscondukalum srishtikkappettu.
eee samayat, devonshareinte aadyapadavi ennu ippol vilikkappedunna samanamaaya perilulla bandhamillaattha oru aadyapadavi randuthavana srishtikkappettu, orikkal chaals bloundinum, niyamaanusrithamaaya kuttikalillaattha ettaamathe baaran moundjoyikkum, randaam thavana cavendish kudumbatthinum, ippol devonshareinte rajakumaaranmaarkkum. dernil irikkunna devonshare prabhukkanmaril ninnu vyathyasthamayi, devoninte arlukal devon kaundiyumaayi shakthamayi bandhappettirunnu. ex nadiyile staarkrosinu sameepamulla poudarhaam kottayaan avarude irippidam.
devante erl puraathanavum yadhaarthavumaaya courteneo poudarhaaminte courtaineyude wiscondsio (1762-1835) paarambaryamaayi nediyittilla; ennirunnaalum, addehathinte anantharaavakaashiye maryaadayode courtene prabhuvayi kanakkakkunnu.
devoninte eeldormen.
1066 leeii norman adhiniveshathinu munbu, devonile ettavum uyarnna sub-reegal authority eeldormanaayirunnu, aaa offeesil devente pilkkala padavi oru yadhaartha thudarchayallengilum oru punarnirmmaanamaayirunnu.
poost-norman erldom.
henry onnaaman raajaavinte (aii. dii. 2) pradhana pinthunakkaaril oralaaya plimptonile fudal baaranaya richard dii redvezhsinte (aii. dii. 1) makanaaya baldwin dii redvezhs (-1155) aayirunnu devoninte aadyathe erl. richard dii redvezhs yadhaarthathil devoninte aadyathe erl srishtichathaanennu chilar vishwasichirunnu, munkaalangalil ithu devoninte erlukalude samkhyaa kramathekkurichu ashayakkuzhappam srishtichirunnuvenkilum, ippol eee vishayam baldwinu anukoolamaayi kooduthal vyakthamaayi theerppaakkappettu. baldwin dii redvezhs devon, vaitt dveepile oru valia prabhuvaayirunnu, avide addehathinte irippidam carisbrook kottayaayirunnu, koodaathe steefan raajaavinethire (1135-1154) aadyamaayi kalapam nadathiyavaril oraalaayirunnu. addeham eksittar kotta pidichedukkukayum carisbrookil ninnu naavika reydukal nadathukayum cheythuvenkilum englandil ninnu fraansile anjouvilekku purathaakkappedukayum avide addeham mateelda chakravartthiyude koode cherukayum cheythu. orupakshe 1141-nte thudakkathil englandil svayam sthaapichathinushesham avar addehathe devoninte erl aayi srishtichu.
devoninte aadya erl baldwin dii redvezhs, addehathinte makan richard dii redvezhs, devoninte randaamathe erl, kochumakan baldwin dii redvezhs, devoninte moonnaamathe erl, randaamathethu addehathinte sahodaran richard dii redvezhs, devoninte naalaamathe erl, makkalillaathe marichu.
vilyam dii redvezhs, devoninte anchaamathe erl (d.1217) baldwinte moonnaamathe makanaayirunnu. addehathinu rund makkal maathrame undaayirunnulloo, avar kuttikale upekshichu. addehathinte makan baldwin 1216 septambar 1 nuu pathinaram vayassil marichu, addehathinte bhaarya maargarat davoninte aaraamathe erl baldwin dii redvezhsine garbhiniyayi upekshichu. king joonn (1199-1216) falcus dii brute vivaham kazhikkaan avale nirbandhichu, pakshe 1224-ll bedford kottayude pathanatthil aval rakshappedukayum yadhaartha vivaahamillaathathinaal avanil ninnu vivaahamochanam nedukayum cheythu. athinaal niravadhi rekhakalil avale kaundas oof devon ennu vilikkunnu. anchaamathe erlinte ilaya makalaaya merii dii redvezhs, 'dii vernon' ennariyappedunnu, oduvil 1141 leeii erldominte eaka anantharaavakaashiyaayirunnu. avar aadyam piyare dii prexineyum randaamathaayi devon ookkehaamptanile fudal baaranaya roobert dii courtaine (d.1242) yeyum vivaham kazhichu.
aaraamathe erlinte pingamiyaayi addehathinte makan baldwin dii redvezhs, ezhaamathe erl oof devon (d.1262), kuttikalillaathe marichu. addehathinte sahodari, vilyam dii forsinte vidhavayaya isabelle dii fozhsu, albemarleyile naalaamathe earl, devon "suyo juur" yude kaundas aayi. avalude makkal avalkk munbu marichu, avalkk kochumakkal undaayirunnilla.
orikkal neekkam cheytha avalude randaamathe cussin, hyoog dii courtaine (1276-1340), ookkehaamptanile fudal baaran, merii dii redvezhsinte cherumakan, ookkehaamptanile roobert dii courtaine (d.1242) ennivarkku avarude bhoomi paarambaryamaayi labhichu. 1335ll devoninte earls aayitheernna courtaine kudumbatthinte engleesh shaakha sthaapicha, courtaineyude bhavanathile franch prabhuvaya sattanile rejinad dii courtonayil ninnu addeham pinwarthy. addehathinte nerittulla purusha pingamiyaaya renad dii courtonay innum eee padavi nilanirthunnu.
1299ll hugg dii courtaine paarlamentilekku ritt vazhi "hugo dii curtaine" ennu vilippichu, athil addeham baaran courtaine aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, devoninte kaundas isabella dii fortibusinte maranathinu naalppathiyonnu varshangalkk sesham|eee kaaranathaal, 1335 februvari 22 nuu lettezhs pettant addehathe devoninte erl ennu prakhyapikkukayum addeham "thante poorvvikar, devoninte erls cheyyaan paadillaatthathupole atharam padaviyum sailiyum ettedukkanamennum" prasthavikkukayum cheythu, athiloode addeham devoninte erl ennu sthireekarichu. chila srothassukal ithine oru puthiya grantaayi kanakkaakkunnundenkilum graantinte vaakkukal oru sthireekaranathe soochippikkunnu, athuvazhi addeham onpathaam erl aayi. charitraparamaaya srothassukal addehathe 1st Earl allengil 9th Earl ennu visheshippikkunnu, avasheshikkunna thelivukalude anishchithathvam kaaranam sthaanam theerumaanikkaan kazhiyilla. 1335 lettar pettant kaaranam 1st/9th erl oof devon, 1335 lettar pettantinu munbulla varshangalil paarlamentilekku vilichuvaruthiya 1st baaran courtaine ennee rund padavikal addeham thante jeevithathinte avasana varshangalil vahichirunnu.
onpathaam/onpathaam earlinte pingamiyaayi addehathinte makan hyoog dii courtaine, devoninte randaam/patthaam earl adhikaaramettu. 2/10-aamm earlinte ettu puthranmaaril moonnu perkku pingaamikalundaayirunnu; naalaamatheyaalaaya vilyam courtaine kaantarbariyude aarch bishop loard chaansalarumaayirunnu. 2/10-aamm earlinte mootha makan anantharaavakaashiyumaaya sarr hyoog courtaine (1326-1349), garter oordarinte sthaapaka amgangalil oraalaayirunnu, ennaal adhehavum addehathinte eaka makanaaya sarr hyoog courtaine (maranam 1374) umm 2/10-aamm earlinu munbu marichu. moonnaamathe makanaaya sarr edward dii courtaine (maranamadanju), thante pithaavin munbu marichuvenkilum, moonnaamathe/pathinonnaamatthe erl aayi paarambaryamaayi labhicha "andhan" enna devonte moonnaamathe erl edward dii courtaine enna mootha makane upekshichu. moonnaamathe/pathinonnaamatthe earlinte mootha makan, sarr edward courtaine (maranam 1418), maarchile naalaamathe earlile rogger mortimarinte makalaaya elanor mortimarine vivaham kazhichu, pakshe pithaavin munbu makkalonnum avasheshippikkaathe marichu, moonnaamathe/pathinonnaamatthe earlinte randaamathe makan, hyoog dii courtaine, devoninte naalaamathe earl (d.1422) addehathinte pingamiyaayi devoninte naalaamathe/panthrandaamatthe earl aayi. naalaamatheyo panthrandaamattheyo erlinte pingamiyaayi addehathinte makan thomas courtaine, devonte anchaamatheyo pathimoonnaamatheyo erl (d.1458) adhikaaramettu.
rosaappookkalude yudhangal courtney erlukale sambandhichidatholam vinaashakaramaayirunnu. 5/13-aamm earlinte makan, thomas courtaine, 6/14-aamm earl oof devon (d.1461), tavtan yudhathil (1461) parajayappetta lancastrian bhaagath poraadi, pidikkappedukayum shirachhedam cheyyukayum cheythu, addehathinte ellah bahumathikalum attaider nashtappedutthi. tiverton kotta matellaa vishalamaaya kottaarabhoomikalum kireedatthinu nashtappedukayum pinneedu bhaagikamaayi punasthaapikkappedukayum cheythu.
randaam srishti, 1469.
edward naalaaman humphry staafordine, hook, dorsettinte humphry staafordinte kochumakanum anantharaavakaashiyum, padinjaaran raajyathe thante ejantaayi niyamichirunnu. 1469 meyy 17 nuu, stafford devoninte erl aayi srishtikkappettu, ennaal moonnu maasathinu sesham vaarvikkinte erlinte deputy aaya readelinte robinte vimatha sainyathinethire rajakeeya senaye nayichukondu addeham kollappettu. 1469 august 17nuu edjcoat yudhathil pidikkapetta addehathe bridjewaterilwech shirachhedam cheythu. addehathinu makkalillaayirunnu, addehathinte maranathode randaamathe srishtiyaaya erldom vamshanasham sambhavichu. moonnu maasathe" "erl" ennaanu addeham ariyappedunnathu ".
1470-ll aadyathe srishti punasthaapichu.
rosaappookkalude yudhangal thudarukayum 1470-ll vaarvikkinte keezhilulla lancastrian sainyam vijayikkukayum henry araman simhaasanathil thirichethukayum cheythu. 1461ll nediyavar thirichadikkappedukayum, 6-aamm/14-aamm earlile thomasinte ilaya sahodaranaaya joonn courtaine, 7-aamm/15-aamm earl oof devoninu (d.1471) devoninte aadyapadavi punasthaapikkukayum cheythu. yudhangalil kollapetta henry courtaine (d.1469) enna oru madhya sahodaran undaayirunnu. adutha varsham yorkkistukal veendum vijayichappol, edward naalaaman henry aaraamante randaam bharanakaalathe niyamanirmmanam raddaakkukayum joonn courtaineyude ellah bahumathikalum nashtappedutthukayum cheythu. eathaanum aazhchakalkk sesham, 1471 meyy 4 nuu, tevksbury yudhathil (1471) parajayappetta bhaagathuninnu poraadiya addeham makkalillaathe marichu. kokkeyn parayunnathanusarichu, "addehathinte maranashesham, 1471 epril 14nuu aaa raajaavinte punarvinyaasatthil punarujjeevippikkappedu edward IV (1461) nte adimathvathinu vidheyamaayi, devante purathana arles (veshyakalkk athu paarambaryamaayi labhicha riviyezhs kudumbatthinte), courtneyude baarani (1299 leeii ritt srishtichathu) ennivayude praathinidhyam addehathinte sahodarimaarkkum avarude pingaamikalkkumidayil nirtthivachu".
moonnaamathe srishti, 1485.
moonnaam/pathinonnam earlinte anantharavanaaya sarr edward courtaine (d.1509) 1485 august 22nuu bosworthil vijayakaramaya bhaagath poraadi, rosaappookkalude yudhangal avasaanippichu, rund maasathinu sesham puthiya rajaavaaya henry VII (1485-1509), 1485 october 16-leeii akshara pettant vazhi, edward courtaine erl oof devon (allengil devonsire) srishtichu, bakkiyullava addehathinte shareerathile anantharaavakaashikalude purushanu. bokonokkile sarr hyoog courtneyude (maranamadanja 1471/2) makan anantharaavakaashiyenna nilayil, sarr edward courtney thante kudumbatthinte anantharaavakaashiyaayirunnu, addehathinte pithaav hackombile sarr hyoog courtneyude makan anantharaavakaashiyumaayirunnu, edward dii courtneyude ilaya sahodaran, devoninte moonnaamathe/pathinonnaamatthe earl (d.1419), andhan. poudarhaam vamshathile ilaya makante makalaaya elisabath courtaine vivaham kazhicha addeham kudumbatthile tiverton, poudarhaam vamshangale onnippichu. 1504ll thante makan anantharaavakaashiyumaaya vilyam courtaine (d.1511) yude sambaadyaavakaasham nediyayaal nashtappettappol 1509 meyy 28nuu addeham marichu.
naalaamathe srishti, 1511.
vilyam courtaine (d.1511) edward naalaaman raajaavinte ilaya makalaaya yorkkile catherine rajakumari vivaham kazhichu, angane yorkkile elisabathinte bhaaryaasahodaranaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum elisabathinte bharthaav henry ezhaaman, safokkinte moonnaamathe duke edmund dii laa polinte goodaalochanayil pankundennu karuthappedunna, ennaal theliyikkappedaatha, goodaalochanaykku kodathi jayililadaykkukayum parichayappedukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte makan pingaamiyumaaya rajaavaaya henry VIII (1509-1547) vilyam courtaine kramena kshamichu. addehathinte bhoomi kazhiyunnathra punasthaapikkukayum 1511 meyy 10 leeii pettant rekhakaliloode addeham devoninte arl aayi srishtikkappedukayum backie thante shareerathinte anantharaavakaashikalkku nalkukayum cheythu. oru maasathinushesham 1511 juun 11nuu pleurisy baadhichu addeham pettennu marichu, athijeevicha eaka makan henry courtaine (<aii. dii. 1>) neey eee padavi avakaashamaayi vittu.
1512 desemberil henry courtaine (d.1539) thante pithavaaya vilyam courtaine 1504 ll nediyathine paarlamentinte niyamathiloode thirichupidichu. 1512-ll muthachan kaivashappeduthiyirunnathu devoninte aadyapadavi addeham paarambaryamaayi nedi, kazhinja varsham pithaavinte maranashesham 1511-ll pithaavin pettant nalkia aadyapadavi paarambaryamaayi labhichu. 1525-ll henry VIII addehathe markwas oof eksattaraayi srishtichu. ennirunnaalum, 1538-ll anugrahathinte theerthaadanatthinushesham thomas cromvellinte sarkkaarinethire thoonukalum nevillukalum upayogichu goodaalochana nadathiyathinu athe rajaavu addehathe vichaarana cheyyukayum shikshikkukayum parichayappedutthukayum shirachhedam cheyyukayum cheythu. addehathinte ellah kireedangalum addeham nediyavarkku nashtamaayi.
anchaamathe srishti, 1553.
henry courtneyude randaamathethum ennaal athijeevicha eaka makanumaaya edward courtney (d.1556), pithaavinte arast muthal merii raajnjiyude (1553-1558) bharanathinte thudakkam vare pathinanju varshatholam lunden gopuratthil thadavukaaranaayirunnu. pettant muun pettantukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu, athu addehathinte shareerathile anantharaavakaashikalaaya purushanu pakaram addehathinte anantharaavakaashikalaaya purushanu ennennekkumaayi padavi nalki. (1831-ll theerumaanichathupole, eee padavi addehathinte cussins, poudarhaaminte courtneysukal, kooduthal vyakthamaayi vilyam IV courtaine (1527-1557), munkaala praabalyathode "dii juur" 2nd erl ennu ariyappedunnu, pathinalam noottaand muthal aaa seettil pramukha raajya jentriyaayi kudumbam nilaninnirunnu.) thante bandhuvaya raajnji meriyude varaanirikkunna bharthaavaayi addehathe nirddeshichenkilum avar avarude munkoor vaagdaanam nirasichathaayi parayappedunnu, athinusesham merii raajnji speyinile philipp randaamane vivaham kazhichu. bhaaviyile raajnjiyaaya elisabath onnaamante sahodariyude bhartaavaakaan saadhyathayulla oru bharthaavaayi addeham kanakkakkappettu. ithu meriyude bharanathinu addehathe bheeshaniyaakki. koodaathe, addeham vyaattinte kalaapathil ulppedukayum veendum gopuratthil poottappedukayum cheythu. 1555-ll italiyilekku pookaan addehathinu anumathi labhichu, avide 1556-ll addeham paduvayil vachu visham kazhichathukondaakam maranappettath. addehathinte maranathode, addehathinte purusha vamshavali illaathaayi, athodoppam ulla vaarshikapadavi 1831 vare pariganichirunnu.
intergrenium.
devoninte erl illaathathinaal, jaims onnaaman 1603-ll ettaamathe baaran moundjoyiyaaya chaals bloundinu eee padavi nalki, addehathinte ammayi avasaanathe erlinte ammayaayirunnu. moonnu varshathinu sesham niyamaanusrithamaaya kuttikalillaathe addeham marikkukayum rajaavu vilyam cavendish, 1st baaran cavendishinu (allengil vilkkuka) nalkukayum cheythu.
athesamayam, rosaappookkalude yudhangalil courtney erlukalodu poraadiya 2-aamm/10-aamm erlinte ilaya makanaaya poudarhaaminte pingamikalaaya sarr philipp courtney (1340-1406) pramukha raajya maanyanmaraayi tudormaarude keezhil thaamasichu. 1644 februvariyil engleesh aabhyantharayudhasamayathu englandile baaronettejil villyam vii courtaine (1628-1702) dii juur "dii juur" devoninte anchaamathe earl, poudarhaam, devon ennivaykkaayi baronetti srishtichu. moonnaamathe baaranat 1762-ll viscant courtaine oof poudarhaam enna padavi nedi.
1831-ll, eee vamshathile jeevichirikkunna muthirnna veshya vilyam courtaine, moonnaamathe viskaundu courtaine (maranam 1835), prayamaaya oru rekkum bachilarum, pinneedu paareesil pravaasatthil thaamasikkukayum, kuttaaropitha billil ninnu rakshappedukayum cheythu. addeham avivaahithanaayi marikkukayaanenkil, wiscondsy vamshanasham sambhavikkum, athesamayam baaronettisiyude anantharaavakaasham addehathinte moonnaamathe cussin, paarlamentinte clerk asisttantum ooksfoord sarvakalaashaalayude unnatha steevardumaaya mattoru vilyam courtaine (1777-1859) aayirikkum. vilyam courtaine (d.1859) 1553-ll eee padavi srishtichathil "anantharaavakaashiyaaya purushan" ennaal "anantharaavakaashiyaaya purusha eedukal" ennum addehathinte cussin moonnaamathe viscant devoninte onpathaamathe earl aanennum addehathinte poorvvikar 1556 muthal poudarhaaminte courtneysukal "dii juur" earl oof devon aayirunnuvennum prabhukkanmaarude bhavanathe bodhyappedutthi. vilyam courtaine (1859-ll marichu) 1835-ll pathaamatthe earl aayi thante kasinte pingamiyaayi, addehathil ninnu ippozhathe earlukal pingaamikalaan. (oru bhranthanaaya joonn nichols thom 1832-ll "sarr vilyam courtaine" ennu avakaashappedukayum theevra daarshanika theevravaadikalude prathinidhiyayi rund thavana paarlamentinaayi nilakollukayum thante adhikaarathinulla avakasham prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. 1838-ll canterberic purathu addeham oru kaarshika raising samghadippikkukayum athu adichamarthumbol bosenden maratthinte yudhathil vediyettu marikkukayum cheythu.)
1831 muthal ore kaundiyil rund earlukal undaayathinte asoukaryam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu iprakaaramaanu 1694-ll dukedamaayi uyarthappetta cavendish earlukal avarude padavi duke oof devonsire ennu ucharikkukayaayirunnu; purathana earlukal saadhaaranayaayi devoninte earlukalaayirunnu. parambaraagathamaayi rajakeeya utharavukal ezhuthiyirunna bhashayaaya engleesh "loow laattin" umm thammilulla vyathyaasamaan ithinu kaaranam. ithu ippol rund piyarejukalum thammilulla vyathyaasamaayi mariyirikkunnu, koodaathe deventierile blound erl (1603-06) erl ennum vilikkunnathu soukaryapradamaanu.
thaamasasthalangal.
1556ll seeniyar laininte kaalavadhi theerunnathuvare devoninte earlukalude pradhana irippidam devonile tiverton kotta oru subsidiary seett colcombe kottayenna nilayil devon aayirunnu, iva randum ippol valia thothil thakarkkappettirikkunu. pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal devonile poudarhaam mainer 1556 nuu sesham srishticha devoninte earlukal, allengil nilavilundaayirunna "dii juur", podderham kotta innathe devoninte pradhana aasthaanamaayi thudarunnu.
aadyakaala courtneyude variyile devoninte erls.
februvari 22 nuu nalkia aksharangalude pettant prakaram devoninte aadyakaala courtney erlukalkku nalkia oordinal nambar oru puthiya srishtiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnundu atho dii redvezhs kudumbatthinte pazhaya anthassinte thirichadiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnundu ennathine aasrayichirikkunnu. adhikaarikal avarude abhipraayangalil vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, athinaal ivide nalkiyirikkunna badal oordinal nambarukal nilavilundu.
devoninte earls, anchaam srishti (1553).
punarujjeevippichu (1831).
ippozhathe udamayude eaka makan jacq hedoon langer courtaine, loard courtaine (jananam 2009) aanu prathyakshamaaya anantharaavakaashi.
≤1553 srishti thante anantharaavakaashikalude purushanu baakkiyullathaayirunnu, athinaal saidhaanthikamaayi addehathinte aaraamathe cussin orikkal neekkam cheythu; angane 1831 leeii punarujjeevanam aaa srishtiyumaayi bandhappett kudumbatthile onpathaamathe amgathinu aayirunnu.
deventierile earles.
eee padavi vamshanasham sambhavichathayi karuthappettirunnappol, blound, cavendish kudumbangalkk oru devon erldom enna rund vinodangal undaayirunnu; avaa kaanuka 

