
valanja jody

vaidyuthakaanthika anuyojyatha mechappeduthunnathinaayi orotta sarkyoottinte rund kandakdarukal orumichu valaykkunna aashayavinimayathinayi upayogikkunna oru tharam wiringaanu twisted perr cabling. orotta kandakdarumaayo allengil valanja samatulita jodikalumaayo thaarathamyappeduthumbol, valanja jody jodil ninnulla vaidyuthakaanthika vikiranam kuraykkukayum ayal jodikal thammilulla crosstack kuraykkukayum baahya vaidyuthakaanthika edapedal nirasikkunnath mechappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. alexander graham bell aanu ithu kandupidichathu.
adhika shabda prathirodhasheshikkaayi, valanja jody cabling parirakshikkam. shieldingulla cable shielded twisted perr (stp) ennum unshielded twisted perr (yudipi) ennum ariyappedunnu.
vishadeekaranam.
oru valanja jody oru santulita rekhayaayi upayogikkaam, ithu oru santulita sarkyoottinte bhaagamaayi vaidyutha allengil kaanthikakshethrangal bandhippikkunnathiloode variyil undaakunna shabda pravaahangalude prabhavam valareyadhikam kuraykkaan kazhiyum. rund vayarukalilum indues cheytha vaidyuthadhaarakal eathaandu thulyamaanu ennathaanu ashayam. rund vayarukalum edapedunna uravidathil ninnu sharashari ore doorathilaanennum thulyamaayi baadhikkappedunnuvennum twisting urappaakkunnu. shabdam angane oru kooman-mooad signal srishtikkunnu, athu vyathyasam signal maathram kandethunnathiloode reseaveril ninnu radhaakkaan kazhiyum, randaamathethu aavasyamulla signalaanu.
shabda srothass signal vayarukalkku aduthaayirikkumbol twisted vayarukalil kooman-mooad nirasikkal paraajayappedaan thudangunnu; aduthulla vayar shabdavumaayi kooduthal shakthamayi jodiyaakkukayum reseaverinu athu illaathaakkaan kazhiyaathirikkukayum cheyyum. ore kebilile jody niravadhi mailukal parasparam aduthu kidakkunna telecommunication kebilukalil eee prashnam prathyekichum prakadamaanu. oro pakuthiyilum shabda srothassinte aduthulla vayar kaimaattam cheyyappedunnathinaal jodikale valayunnathu eee phalathe ethirkkunnu. edapedunna uravidam oru twisttinte doorathil ekeekrithamaayi allengil eathaandu angane thanne thudarukayaanenkil, induced shabdam kooman-modaayi thudarum.
twist rettu (twisttinte "pitch" ennum vilikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi oru meettaril twisttukalil nirvachikkappedunnu) oru nischitha tharam kebilinte savisheshathayude bhagamaanu. aduthulla jodikalkku thulya twist rettu ullappol, vyathyastha jodikalude ore kandakdarukal aavarthichu parasparam aduthu kidakkukayum twistinginte gunangal bhaagikamaayi illaathaakkukayum cheyyum. ekkaaranathaal, kuranjathu cheria ennam jodikal adangiya kebilukalkku, twist nirakkukal vyathyaasappedanamennu saadhaaranayaayi vyakthamaakkunnu.
sheeled cheythatho foyil cheythatho aaya twisted jodiykk (saadhaaranayaayi ezz/eftipi allengil eph/yudipi cable shielding) vipareethamaayi, yudipi kebilinu chuttum oru shielding illa. telephone upayogathinulla praadhamika vayar tharamaan yudipi, ithu computer networkingil valare saadhaaranamaanu.
charithram.
aadyakaala telephonukal otta vayar erthu ritten sarkyoottukalaayirunna telegraph lineukal upayogichirunnu. 1880kalil pala nagarangalilum electric tramukal sthaapikkappettu, ithu eee sarkyoottukalilekk shabdamundaakki. chila rajyangalil, nilavilulla telegraph lineukal thadassappeduthiyathinu tram kambanikal utharavaadikalaanennum parihara pravarthanangalkku panam nalkendivannuvennum kandethi. ennirunnaalum, puthiya instaaleshanukalkku, thudakkam muthal nilavilulla traamukalil ninnu samrakshikkendathu aavashyamaayirunnu. telephone lainukalile edapedal telegraph lainukalekkaal kooduthal vinaashakaramaan. telephone kambanikal balanced sarkyoottukalaayi parivartthanam cheyyappettu, avaykku attenyuyeshan kuraykkunnathinte aakasmikamaaya nettamundaayirunnu, athinaal paridhi vardhikkunnu.
vaidyuthiyude vitharanam kooduthal saadhaaranamaayathode eee nadapadi aparyaapthamaanennu thelinju. yoottility thoonukalil cross baarukalude iruvashathum kettiya rund vayarukal vaidyuthi lainukalumaayi vazhi pankittu. eathaanum varshangalkkullil, vardhichuvarunna vaidyuthiyude upayogam veendum edapedal vardhippichu, athinaal enchineeyarmaar edapedal radhaakkaan vayar transposition enna oru reethi aavishkarichu.
vayar transpositionil, vayarukal oro dhruvathilum sthaanam maattunnu. eee reethiyil, rund vayarukalkkum vaidyuthi lainukalil ninnu samanamaaya emi labikkum. kilometerinu naalu twisttukal allengil mylinu aarr twisttukal enna twist nirakkode ithu twistinginte aadyakaala nadappaakkaline prathinidheekarikkunnu. aanukaalika parivarthanangalodukoodiya atharam ooppan-vayar balanced lineukal innum chila graamapradesangalil nilanilkkunnu.
1881ll alexander graham bell aanu twisted-perr cabling kandupidichathu. 1900 aayappozhekkum, muzhuvan american telephone shringalayum onnukil twisted perr allengil transposition ulla ooppan vayar aayirunnu. innu, lokathile dasalakshakkanakkinu kilometer valanja jodikalil bhooribhaagavum telephone kambanikalude udamasthathayilullathum paripalikkunnathumaaya outtdoor landlineukalaanu, ithu shabda sevanathinaayi upayogikkunnu.
sheeled cheyyaatha valanja jody.
pala itharnettu netvarkkukalilum telephone samvidaanangalilum unshield twisted perr (yudipi) kebilukal kaanapedunnu. indor telephone aaplikkeshanukalkkaayi, eiii. tii. aandu tii korppareshan aadyam vikasippichedutha oru staanderd 25-jody kalar coode anusarichu yuu. tii. pii palappozhum 25 jodikalude settukalaayi tharamthirikkunnu. eee nirangalude oru saadhaarana upavibhagam (vella/neela, neela/vella, vella/ooranchu, ooranchu/vella) mikka yudipi kebilukalilum drishyamaakunnu. 22 allengil 24 american vayar gej (eiii. dablyu. jii) alakkunna chembu vayarukal upayogichaanu kebilukal nirmmikkunnath, polyethileen allengil phep polulla insulettaril ninnu nirmmicha kalar insulation polyethileen jackettil pothinja motham package.
noorukanakkinu allengil aayirakkanakkin jody adangiya nagara outtdoor telephone kebilukalkkaayi, cable cheruthenkilum samana bandilukalaayi thirichirikkunnu. oro bundle vyathyastha twist nirakkukalulla twisted jodikal ulkkollunnu, kaaranam kebilinullil ore twist nirakkulla jodikalkku ippozhum oru paridhivare crosstock anubhavikkan kazhiyum. cable nirmmikkaan bundleukal orumichu valachirikkunnu.
computer networkingil upayogikkunna ettavum saadhaaranamaaya cable koodiyaanu yudipi. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya dattaa networking staanderdaaya aadhunika etharnettinu yudipi kebilukal upayogikkaan kazhiyum, vardhichuvarunna dattaa nirakkukalkk yudipi kebilinte uyarnna specification veriyantukal aavasyamaanu. opttikkal fiber, coxial cable ennivayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol thaarathamyena kuranja chelavu ullathinaal hraswavum idatharavumaaya kanakshanukalkkaayi dattaa netvarkkukalil twisted-perr cabling palappozhum upayogikkunnu.
television signalukalude basebandumaayi poruthappedunnathinu yudipi cable bandwidth mechappettathinaal, yudipi ippol chila viidiyoo aaplikkeshanukalil, praadhamikamaayi suraksha camerakalil upayogikkunnu. yudipi oru samathulithamaaya transmission line aayathinal, asanthulithamaaya upakaranangalumayi bandhippikkunnathin oru baalan aavasyamaanu, udaaharanathinu coxial kebilinaayi roopakalppana cheythathum bnc connectorukal upayogikkunnathumaanu.
cable pariraksha.
vaidyuthakaanthika edapedal thadayunnathinulla shramathil valanja jody kebilukal shielding ulppeduthiyekkaam. sheeldinu purathulla vaidyuthakaanthika tharamgangale cherukkaan shielding vaidyuthachaalanaathmaka thadassam nalkunnu. induced karantukal vitharanam cheyyaanum graundu reference kanakshan vazhi uravidathilekku thirike konduvaranum kazhiyunna oru chaalana pathayum sheeled nalkunnu. atharam pariraksha vyakthigatha jodikalilo jodikalude oru shekharathilo prayogikkaam. shielding foyil allengil brade vayar aakam.
jodikalude oru shekharathil shielding prayogikkumbol, athine saadhaaranayaayi screening ennu vilikkunnu, ennaal "screening", "shielding", "stp (sheeled twisted perr)" thudangiya vaakkukal prayogikkunnathil wendermark rachayithakkalkkum idayil upayogam vyathyaasathin vidheyamaayirikkum. iso/aiisi 11801:2002 (annex iii) sheeled kebilukalkkaayulla vividha padavikal anthaaraashtrathalathil staanderd cheyyaan shramikkunnu-moonnu aksharangalude samyojanam upayogichu-yuu unshield, ezz brided shielding (outtar leyaril maathram), eph foyil shielding-mothatthilulla cable samrakshanathinum vyakthigatha jodikal allengil kwaadukal samrakshikkunnathinum screeninte tharam vyakthamaayi soochippikkunnathinu, "ex/extipe" roopathil rund bhaagangalulla churukkezhuthu upayogichu.
sheeled kyaatt 5iii, kyaatt 6/6eiii, kyaatt 8/8.1 kebilukalkku saadhaaranayaayi eph/yudipi nirmmanamund, athesamayam sheeled kyaatt 7/7eiii, kyaatt 8.2 kebilukal ezz/eftipi nirmmaanam upayogikkunnu.
pariraksha chaalakamayathinaal, athu nilathekkulla oru paathayayum varthichekkaam. oru foyil-sheeled, twisted jody kebilinu "draine vayar" ennu vilikkunna oru samyojithamaayi samyojippicha grounding vayar undayirikkaam, ithu sheeldumaayi vaidyutha sanbarkkam pulartthunnu. saadhaaranayaayi vrithaakrithiyilulla vayarukal bandhippikkunnathin roopakalppana cheythirikkunna terminalukalilekku eluppathil bandhippikkunnathinaan draine vayarinte uddeshyam.
saadhaarana sheeled nirmmaana tharangalil iva ulppedunnu
sheeled twisted-payerukalude aadyakaala udaaharanam ibm stp-eiii aayirunnu, ithu 1985 ll ibm cabling sisttam savisheshathakal nirvachicha rund jody 150 oom/eftipi kebilaanu, ithu tokkan ring allengil efdidi netvarkkukalil upayogikkunnu.
tharangal.
analog phoon.
digital ashayavinimayavum etharnettum vyaapakamaakunnathin munbu telephone kebilinu anthaaraashtra nilavaaramundaayirunnil. deseeya thalatthil maanadandangal nischayichu. udaaharanathinu, yukeyil general poost oafees sidablue1293, sidablue1308 kebilukal vyakthamaakkiyirunnu. muun cw1293-nuu samanamaaya savisheshathayaayirunnu cw1308, ennaal mechappetta kalar kodaayirunnu. cw1293 korukalil kooduthalum khara nirangal upayogichathinaal valia alavil kavacham neekkam cheyyaathe athu valacha jody thirichariyaan prayaasamaan. eee prashnam pariharikkan. cw1308-nuu adisthaana niratthil achadicha jodiyakkiya niratthinte idungiya valayangalundu. rund kebilukalum kattagari 3 kebilinu samanamaaya staanderdaanu.
insulationaayi polyethileenum mattu plaastikkukalum saadhaarana upayogikkunnathinu munbu, telephone twisted perr cable mezhuk pepparo parutthiyo upayogichu insulate cheythirunnu, chembil mezhuk coating prayogichu. itharathilulla kebilinte mothatthilulla aavaranamaanu saadhaaranayaayi leed. telephone kandupidichathin thottupinnaale pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathilaanu eee cable reethi upayogathilaayathu. paper insuleshante insulating gunangale gurutharamaayi tharamthaazhthunna eerppam praveshikkunnathu thadayunnathinaayi termination boxukalile cable termination urukia mezhuko resin upayogicho adachu. ennirunnaalum, atharam mudrakal bhaaviyile attakuttappanikalum maattangalum kooduthal budhimuttaakki. eee kebilukal ippol nirmmikkappedunnillum ippozhum pazhaya kettidangalilum vividha baahya pradeshangalilum, saadhaaranayaayi grameena gramangalilum idaykkide kaanapedunnu.
looad cheythu.
oru looad cheytha valanja jody manappoorvvam inductance cherkkukayum telecommunication lainukalil munbu saadhaarana reethiyaayirunnu. kootticherttha inductorukal looad koyilukal ennariyappedunnu, ithu woisband freekwansikalkkulla attenyuyeshan kuraykkunnu, pakshe uyarnna freekwansikalil vardhippikkunnu. looad koyilukal valare neenda varikalile woisbandile valachodikkal kuraykkunnu. eee saahacharyathil looad koyilukalillaattha oru lainine anloducheytha line ennu vilikkunnu.
bandhithanaayi.
oro jodiyudeyum rund vayarukal kebilinte neelathinu orumichu bandhippikkunna oru nirmmaana vakabhedamaanu bonded twisted jody. beldon thudakkamitta ithu instaaleshan samayathum sheshavum konfigareshan sthiratha urappakkaan sahayikkaan uddeshichullathaanu. parukkan kaikaaryam cheyyal saadhyathayullengilum kebilinte shabda prathirodhasheshi prakadanam samrakshikkaan kazhiyum ennathaanu oru pradhana nettam. mechappeduthiya prakadanam anaavasyamaayirikkaam, bonting kebilinte vazhakkam kuraykkukayum athu valaykkunnidathu paraajayappedaan saadhyathayund.
valanja riban cable.
oru twisted riban cable staanderd riban kebilinte oru vakabhedamaanu, athil aduthulla jody kandakdarukal bandhippikkukayum valaykkukayum cheiyunnu. valanja jodikal pinneedu riban formaattil parasparam cheruthaayi bandhippikkunnu. idaykkide ribaninoppam, saadhaarana riban cable idc teknikkukal upayogichu connectorukal gadippikkaan kazhiyunna twisting illaatha hraswa vibhaagangalund.
soolid-coor vezhsas. kudungiya cable.
oru soolid coor cable oru kandakdarinu oru soolid vayar upayogikkunnu, naalu jody kebilil motham ettu soolid vayarukal undaakum. oro kandakdarilum parasparam pothinja onniladhikam vayarukal strended cable upayogikkunnu, koodaathe oru conductor kebilinu ezhu straandukalulla naalu-jody vayarukalil motham 56 vayarukal (oru jodic 2 × 4 jody × 7 straandukal) undaakum.
sthiramaayi instaal cheytha ranukalkku (permanant link) uddeshichullathaanu soolid coor cable. ithu tranded kebilekkaal vazhakkamillathathaanu, koodaathe varkk kaadinyam kaaranam aavarthichu valachaal paraajayappedaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. tranded cable paachu paanalukalilum vaal-porttukal muthal end upakaranangalilekkulla (paachu coord allengil drope cable) kanakshanukalilum upayogikkunnu, kaaranam ithu kandakdarukalude pottaline prathirodhikkunnu.
connectorukal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu soolid korinu vendi, tranded cheiyunnathinekkaal vyathyasthamaan. thettaaya cable tharamulla oru connector upayogikkunnathu vishwasaneeyamallaatha kebilingilekku nayichekkaam. kharavum kudungikkidakkunnathu korinaayi roopakalppana cheytha plugukal eluppathil labhyamaan, chila wendermar rund tharatthilum upayogikkunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha plugukal polum vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. paachu-panalileyum vaal-portt jaakkukalileyum panchu-daun blokkukal soolid coor cable upayogichu upayogikkaan roopakalppana cheythittullathaanu. iva insulation-displacement reethiyiloode pravartthikkunnu, athiloode upakaranam insuleshante vashangal thulachukayarukayum chembu kandakdarilekku "kadikkukayum" oru kanakshan roopappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. panchdaun blokkukal paachu paanalukalaayo break-outtu boxukalaayo valanja jody kebilinaayi upayogikkunnu.
swathukkal.
valanja jodic inipparayunna upayogapradamaaya attributeukal undu
valanja jodic inipparayunna parimithikalundu