
andora (naadakam)

1961ll swis naadakakrithaaya maiks frish ezhuthiya oru naadakamaanu andora. yadhaartha paatam frushes thante dayariyil "derr andoranishe juudu" ("andoran joothan") enna peril ezhuthiya oru gadya rekhaachithrathil ninnaan vannath. frisinte naadakatthile andora saangalppikamaanu, francinum spaininum idayil sthithi cheiyunna yadhaartha andorayude praathinidhyamaayi uddesichittilla. andora" enna thalakkett oru pravartthana thalakkettayi mathramaayirunnu uddeshichirunnathennum ennaal pinneedu "andorance" enna padam upayogikkaan eshtappettuvennum addeham athu nilanirtthiyennum frish prasthaavichu.
germmaniyil, frisinte ettavum prashasthamaaya naadakangalilonnaanu andora.
plott.
adthyaapikayum ("derr lehrer") amayum ("dye mutter") avarude makal barblinotoppam datheduttha jootha makanayi valarthiya oru yuvaavaan andrey; ayalraajyathe yahooda virudha karuthavaril ninnu ("dye shwaarsan") andrey rakshichathaayi adhyaapakan avakaashappedunnu. andrey, barblin ennivaykku purame, mattu kathaapaathrangale avarude thozhilukalo veshangalo aanu paraamarshikkunnath (mikkavarkkum perukalundenkilum). panthrand ramgangalil chilathinu sesham ("chithrangal" ennartham varunna "builder" ennu vilikkunna), kathaapaathrangal oru sakshi pettiyil vannu bhoothakaalathile andreyude maranathekkurichu samsaarikkunnu (oro adhika rangavum "vardargrandu" ennu soochippikkunnu, athaayath "munbhagam"). eee reethiyil, andreyude maathapithaakkaleyum vidiyeyum kurichulla vivarangal kramena velippeduthunnu. oro nagaravasiyum andreyude maranathil avarude pankaalittham yukthisahamakkaan shramikkunnu; purohitan ("derr paattar") maathrame eathu kuttavum sweekarikkaan thayyarakoo. barblin, amma, samsaarikkaatha kathaapaathrangal enniva ozhike naadakatthinte avasaanathil jeevichirikkunna oro kathaapaathravum atharamoru prasthavana nadathunnu.
naadakatthinte thudakkathil andrey baarblinumaayi vivaahanischayam nadathunnu. sainikan ("derr soldaatt") avalil laingika thaalpparyamund, pakshe aval avane shakthamayi eshtappedunnilla. pattanavaasikalkk yahooda virudha kaazhchappaadukalund, karuthavarggakkaar kadannukayarumennu abhyoohangalundu. adthyaapakan bhoovudamaykku ("derr wirt") bhoomi vilkkunnu, athuvazhi andrey oru aprenteesaayi edukkaan marappanikkaaran ("derr tishler") panam nalkaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, andrey mosham nilavaaramulla oru kasera nirmmichathaayi marappanikkaaran karuthumbol andrey pinneedu thante aprenteeshippil ninnu pirichuvidappedunnu, athu yadhaarthathil yaathrakkaaran ("derr gezel") nirmmichathaanu, avan athu sammathikkunnilla. marappanikkaaran pakaram andrey oru salesmaanaayi niyamikkunnu.
andrey thaan joothanaanennu vishwasikkunnuvennu ariyaathe doctor ("derr doctor") andreyude munnil yahooda virudha paraamarshangal nadathunnu. taanum barblin vivaham kazhikkaan aagrahikkunnuvennum kuttikkalam muthal pranayathilaanennum andrey adhyapikayodum ammayodum parayunnu. kaaranam parayaathe adthyaapakan vivaham vilakkunnu; thaan joothanaanennathukondaanu angane cheythathennu andrey karuthunnu. andrey yadhaarthathil thante jeevashasthraparamaaya makanaanennu adhyaapakan (oru vashath) parayunnu. avan andreod ithu parayaan shramikkunnu, pakshe andrey thante joothathvam sweekarikkukayum athu kelkkaan visammathikkukayum cheiyunnu. athe samayam, pattaalakkaaran barbline balaalsangam cheiyunnu; andrey eee vastutha pinneedu kandethunnu.
andrey oru joothanaanennu vishwasikkunna amma, purohithanodu andreod samsarikkaan aavasyappedukayum andreyude joothathvam sweekarikkaan sahayikkukayum cheiyunnu. senora ("dye senora") pinneedu pattanatthil athunnu; aval oru videsiyaayathinaal pattanavaasikal avalodu munvidhikal pulartthunnu. sainikan andrey aakramichathinu sesham aval avane sahayikkunnu. senora andreyude yadhaartha ammayaanennu velippedunnu, pakshe aval ithu parayaathe nagaram vidunnu (aval andriykk oru mothiram nalkunnu). andreyude maathaapithaakkalekkurichu sathyam amma manassilakkukayum andreod sathyam vishadeekarikkaan adhyaapakan purohithanodu aavasyappedukayum cheiyunnu. andrey ottum sweekarikkaathathinaal thante vidhi mudrakuthappettathaayi vishwasikkunnu. senoraic nere oru kallerinjathinu sesham aval kollappedunnu, bhoovudama andrey utharavaadiyaanennu avakaashappedunnu (bhoovudama avale konnuvennu ithu valareyadhikam soochippikkunnu).
karuthavar akramikkukayum pattalakkaar durbalappedukayum avarodoppam cherukayum cheiyunnu. andrey oru kolayaaliyaanennu vishwasichu pattanavaasikal andrick vendi thirayunnu; andrey purathu olichirikkunnu, avide teacher avane sathyathekkurich bodhyappedutthaan shramikkunnu, thudarnnu baarblinumaayi teacherude veettilekku praveshikkunnu. andrey pattalakkaaranumaayulla bandhathekkurichu barbline abhimukeekarikkukayum avane chumbikkan parayukayum cheiyunnu; avan eee ghattathil yukthisahamaayi perumarunnilla. pattaalakkaaran veettil praveshichu andrey arast cheiyunnu.
senorayude kolayaliye kandethunnathinayi karuthavarggakkaar "jootha-inspector" ("derr judenshouvar") yude neethrthwathil taunn squareil oru "jootha-shhow" ("dye judenshou") nadathunnu. ithu oru shhow trial aanennu kaanikkunnu; barblin amayum eee prakriya thadassappeduthaanulla sramangal nadathiyittum, mattu nagaravaasikal sahakarikkunnu. andrey svayam prathirodhikkunnilla, senorayude mothiram edukkaan avante viral murichumaattaan nirddeshikkunna sainikar avane kollunnu. pinneedu, adthyaapakan thoongimarikkunnu. barblin avalude thala mundanam cheyyukayum (naadakatthil neratthe, karuthavarggakkaar joothanmaarude bhaaryamaarod ithu cheiyumennu kimvadanti undaayirunnu) bhranthanaakukayum cheiyunnu. andrey marichuvennu aval poornnamaayum amgeekarikkukayum aalukal sparsikkunnathil ninnu thadayukayum avante shoos vediyil upekshikkukayum cheiyunnu.
naadakeeya saankethikavidyakal.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil bertolt brech janapriyamaakkiya itihaasa naadakavediyude (classical naadakavediyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi) oru udaaharanamaanu andora. naadakatthinullile pradhana chodyangaleyum ashayangaleyum kurichu chinthikkaan prekshakare sajeevamaakkuka ennathaanu itihaasa naadakam lakshyamidunnathu, athuvazhi sajeeva vimarsanaathmakavumaaya oru nireekshakanaayathin sesham avarkk svanthamaayi yukthisahamaya abhiprayam roopappeduthaan kazhiyum.
prekshakare aakshanil ninnu akattuka enna lakshyathode, kathayil muzhukunnathinupakaram naadakatthinte prameyangalekkurichu chinthikkaan kazhiyunna vidhathil, naadakatthiludaneelam frish "werfremdungsefect" (distansing ephakt) upayogikkunnu. oru kathaapaathram yadhaarthathil oru joothanallaathappol oru kathaapaathrathe oru joothanaayi thettidharippikkunna naadakeeya sahacharyam srishtikkaan addeham aagrahichathinaal frish eee saankethikavidyakal upayogikkunnu. ellah kathaapaathrangalum sambhavangalum eee kendra aashayathin vidheyamaan.
andorayile werfremdengsefect.
avarude vyakthithvam kathayumaayi poornnamaayum aprasakthamaan, eee kathaapaathrangalkk oru vyakthithvam undengil maathram athu prekshakarude shradha pradhaanamaaya kaaryangalil ninnu vyathichalippikkum.
vishayangal.
randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichu pathinanju varshathinu sesham ezhuthiya eee naadakam yudhathekkurichulla oru prathyeka prathiphalanathekkaal saamskaarika munvidhikalekkurichulla padanamaanu. ennirunnaalum, ithu munvidhikalekkaal kooduthal aashankaajanakamaanu andrey oru joothanaayirikkunnathil ninnu pala kathapaathrangalkkum enthengilum nettamunda adhyapakanu svayam oru nalla samaritanaayi avatharippikkan kazhinju, sainikan barblin labikkum, marappanikkaaran panam sambaadikkaan kazhiyum; purohitanu polum purathullavarodu thante kristheeya sahathapam prakadippikkaan kazhiyum. naadakam aarambikkukayum avasaanikkukayum cheiyunna vaitt washinginte prameyam kaapatyatthe oru kendra prameyamaayi choondikkaanikkunnu.
aalukalude shoos avar dharikkunnavarkk nalkiyittulla rolukal engane prathinidheekarikkunnu ennathumaanu mattoru aavarthichulla vishayam. engleeshilennapole jarmman bhashayilum nilanilkkunna "mattoraalude cherippil svayam nilkkuka" enna vaakyathil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaakaam eee ashayam. naadakatthinte avasaanathil, andreyude shoos vediyil avasheshikkunnu; andrey marichuvenkilum thaan madangivarunnathuvare avare thodaruthennu barblin mattu kathaapaathrangalodu aavashyappedunnu.
paraamarshangal.
grandhasoochika