kokkeshyan vamsham

ippol theliyikkappedaatha jaiva vamsha sidhaanthathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla manushyarude kaalaharanapetta vamseeya vargeekaranamaanu kokkeshyan vamsham (cocasoid, europid allengil europoid ennum ariyappedunnu). charitraparamaayi "kokkeshyan vamsham" oru jaiva vargeekaranamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, eathu charitraparamaaya vamshavarggeekaranangal upayogichirunnu ennathine aashrayich, saadhaaranayaayi europe, padinjaaran eshya, madhyeshya, dakshineshya, vadakke aphrica, aafrikkayude kombu ennividangalil ninnulla puraathanavum aadhunikavumaaya janasamkhya ulppedunnu.
1780-kalil gottinjan school oof histtariyile amgangal aadyamaayi avatharippicha eee padam manushyaraashiyude moonnu pradhana vamshangalil onnaayaan soochippikkunnathu (avaa moonnum cocasoid, mongoloid, negroid ennivayaanu). jaiva naravamshashaasthrathil, asthikooda shareeraghadanayilum prathyekichu thalayotiyile roopaghadanayilum shradha kendreekarichukondu, eee vyathyastha pradeshangalil ninnulla phenotypic samanamaaya grouppukalkkulla oru kudakkeezhayi "cocasoid" upayogikkunnu. puraathanavum aadhunikavumaaya "cocasoid" janasamkhya "velutha" mathramaayirunnilla, marichu velutha charmmam muthal irunda thavitt vare nirathilundaayirunnu.
irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthi muthal, bhauthika naravamshashaasthranjar manushya jaiva vaividhyathekkurichulla typological dhaaranayile ninnu genomic, janasamkhya adisthaanamaakkiyulla veekshanakonil maarukayum, phenotype, poorvvikar, saamskaarika gadakangal ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla manushyarude saamoohika vargeekaranamaayi vamshathe manassilakkaan pravanatha kaanikkukayum cheythu.
amerikkayil, "kokkeshyan" enna moola padam ippozhum vella allengil europian, middle eestten allengil vadakke aafrikkan vamshaavaliyude paryaayamaayi upayogikkunnu, ithu vimarshikkappettittundu.
aashayathinte charithram.
manushyaraashiyude uthbhavavum soundaryathinte unnathiyumaayi cocusus.
pathinettaam noottaandil, europian pandithanmarkkidayil pracharichirunna kaazhchappaad manushyavamshatthinte uthbhavam cocusus parvathanirakalil aanennaan. manushyarashi uthbhavichuvennu baibil prasthaavikkunna noayude pettakatthinte landing pooyintinte sthalamaaya cocusus, hesiodinte puraanatthil manushyarashi kalimannil ninnu srishticha promethiasinte kashtappaadukalude sthaanam ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu eee kaazhchappaad.
koodaathe, ettavum sundarikalaaya manushyare europianmaar stereotypical "syrcassian sundarikal" ennum georgian janatha ennum visheshippichirunnu; georgia syrcassia cocusus mekhalayilaanu. syrcassian soundaryam" enna steeriodaippinu madhyakaalakhattathil verukalundaayirunnu, athesamayam georgian janathayude aakarshanathinulla prashasthi eee pradeshathekkulla aadyakaala aadhunika sanjaarikalaaya jeane chardin vikasippicheduthu.
gottingan school oof histtari.
histtari gottinjan school oof histtariyile amgangal-prathyekichu 1785ll christoph mainermaarum 1795ll johann friedrich bluemenback-oru vamseeya vibhaagamenna nilayil "kokkeshyan" enna padam aadyamaayi avatharippichu-ithu yadhaarthathil cocases mekhalayile thaddesheeya nivaasikale idungiya ardhathil paraamarshichirunnu.
jarmman thathwachinthakanaaya christoph mainers thante "manushyaraashiyude charithratthinte rooparekha" (1785) enna grandhatthil "kokkeshyan" ("kaukaasis") vamshamenna ashayam athinte vishalamaaya vamseeya ardhathil aadyamaayi upayogichu. upayogichu niravadhi aalukal meenezhs enna padam vyaapakamaayi pracharippichu. europile puraathanavum aadhunikavumaaya thaddesheeya janasamkhya, padinjaaran eshyayile thaddesheeya nivaasikal (phoenishyan, hebru, arab ulppede), vadakkan aafrikkayile ottochthonukal (berber, eejipthukar, abyssinian, ayal grouppukal), indiakkaar, purathana gwanchukal enniva kokkeshyan vamshathil ulppedunnuvennu meenezhs sangalppichu.
meynezhsinte sahapravarthakanaaya johann friedrich bluemenbackaanu pinneedu naravamshashaasthrathinte sthaapakariloraalaayi kanakkaakkappettath, chraniometry, linnian taxonomy ennivayude puthiya reethikalil eee padam adisthaanamaakki vishalamaaya prekshakar nalki. bluemenback thante vargeekaranathinu mainarmaare credit cheythilla, ennirunnaalum addehathinte nyaayeekaranam cocusus uthbhavathekkurichulla mainarmaarude soundarya veekshanathilekku vyakthamaayi viral choondunnu. ennirunnaalum, mainarmaaril ninnu vyathyasthamayi, bluemenback oru ekajananavaadiyaayirunnu-ellah manushyarkkum oru pankitta uthbhavavum orotta speeshees undennu addeham kanakkakki. oru vamshathil ninnu mattonnilekkulla parivartthanam valare kramaanugathamaanennum addeham avatharippicha vamshangal thammilulla vyathyaasangal "valare ekapaksheeya"maanennum choondikkaanichenkilum bluemenback, mainarmaareppole, maanasika kazhivukaludeyo nettatthinulla saadhyathayudeyo kaaryatthil mattu grouppukalekkaal uyarnna rank nalki.
naravamshashaasthranjanaaya georges kuviyarinoppam, bluemenback charmma pigmenteshanu purame thalayotti alavukalum asthi roopaghadanayum anusarichu kokkeshyan vamshathe tharamthirichu. meynezhsine pinthudarnnu, europe, pashchimeshya, indian upadveep, vadakke aphrica ennividangalile thaddesheeya nivaasikal ulppedunnathaanu kokkeshyan vamshamennu bluemenback visheshippichu. eee upayogam pinneedu "negroid", "mongoloid", "australian" ennee padangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol vamshathinu vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna varnna padaprayogamaayi valarnnu.
calton koonn.
nirddishta mongoloid vamsham polulla mattu grouppukalil ninnu ithu engane chithreekarikkumennathinne "cocasoid rays" aashayathinte vakthaakkalkkidayil orikkalum samavaayamundaayirunnil. calton ezz. koonn (1939) ll cacusoid labelinu keezhil ainu janatha ulppede madhya, vadakkan eshyayile ellah thaddesheeya janasamkhyayum ulppedunnu. ennirunnaalum, 19-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathilum 20-aamm noottaandinte madhyathilum, naanaathvavum kudiyetta niyanthranangalum munvidhikalum adisthaanamaakkiyulla mattu abhipraayangalum polulla rashtreeya nayangale nyaayeekarikkan kooduthalaayi upayogichirunna, minersinteyum blumenbackinteyum kruthikal sthaapicha varnnangalude vamseeya vargeekaranangalum naravamshashaasthrathinte mattu niravadhi aadya ghattangalum pala shaasthranjarum nilanirtthi. udaaharanathinu, thomas henry huxley (1870) eshyan raajyangalile ellah janasamkhyayeyum mangoloyidukalaayi tharamthirichu. lothrop stodaard (1920) middle eest, vadakke aphrica, aphrica, madhyeshya, dakshineshya ennividangalile bhooribhaagam janasamkhyayeyum "thavitt" ennu tharamthirichu. europian janathayum avarude pingaamikalum, athupole thekkan europinode chernnullatho athirvashathullatho aaya pradeshangalile, anatoliayude chila bhagangalilum riff, atlas parvathanirakalude chila bhagangalilum ulla kurachu janasamkhyayum maathram addeham "vellakkaaran" aayi kanakkakki.
1939-ll, mattullavar cheythathupole oru upavibhaagathekkaal kokkeshyakkaaril ninnu vyathyasthamayi thaan kanakkakkiya "medittareniyan tharam" yile "homo neanderthalensis", "homo sapiens" enniva thammilulla mishrithathiloodeyaanu kokkeshyan vamshathinte uthbhavam ennu koonn vaadichu. ilam charmma niram ellah manushyarudeyum poorvvikaraanennum thekkan janasamkhyayude irunda charmmam suuryan moolamaanennum bluemenback thettayi karuthiyappol, vadakkott neengumbol kokkeshyakkaarkk avarude yadhaartha pigmenteshan nashtappettuvennu koonn karuthi. koonn "cocasoid", "vaitt rays" ennee padangal paryaayamaayi upayogichu.
1962-ll koonn "vamshangalude uthbhavam" prasidheekarichu, athil addeham oru bahujanitharaya veekshanam nirddeshichu, manushyavarggangal "homo erectus" enna praadeshika enangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi parinamichu. manushyare anchu pradhana vamshangalayi vibhajichukondu, oronnum samaantharamaayi ennaal vyathyastha nirakkukalil parinamichuvennum angane chila vamshangal mattullavare apekshichu uyarnna thalatthilulla parinaamathiletthiyennum vaadichu. congoid vamshathinu" 200,000 varshangalkk munbu cocasoid vamshavali parinamichuvennum athinaal uyarnna parinaama ghattathe prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu addeham vaadichu.
crow-maagnanukalkk munbu cocasoid swabhaavasavisheshathakal uyarnnuvannuvennum avaa skul, khafse hominidukal ennivayilundennum koonn vaadichu. ennirunnaalum, eee fossilukalum ettavum munpulla maathrkayum hrasvamaaya servical kasherukkalum thaazhnnathum idungiyathumaaya pelvukalum chila neanderthal thalayotti swabhaavangalumullathinaal neanderthaloid derivateevukalaayi kanakkakkappettu. aadyakaala dolicosephalic (udha.jii. gallie hill, combe-capell, tevik), neolithic medittareniyan "homo sapiens" (udha.jii. mayoog, neelamulla baaro, coord), athupole thanne mesolithic, neolithic kaalaghattatthile neanderthal swaadheenamulla brachysephalic "homo sapiens" (udha.jii. afalo, havelling, fjelking).
vamshathekkurichulla kooninte sidhaanthangal addehathinte jeevithakaalathu valareyadhikam tharkkathilaayirunnuvennum aadhunika naravamshashaasthrathil avaa kapadashaasthramaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
aadhunika janithakashaasthrathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla vimarsanam.
upajaathikaleyo vamshangaleyo nirvachikkaan jeevashaasthrathil upayogikkunna vividha maanadandangal charcha cheytha sesham, alaan aarr. 2016ll templeton ingane upasamharikkunnu "manushyaril vamshangal nilavilundo enna chodyathinulla utharam vyakthavum avyakthavumaanu illa."
vamseeya naravamshashaasthram.
shaareerika swabhaavasavisheshathakal.
thalayottiyum pallukalum.
petrus camperinte mukhakonam, bluemenback, kuviyar ennee vargabhedangalekkurichulla sidhaanthathil ninnu avayude thalayotti shekharangaliloode avayude thalayotti savisheshathakaleyum naravamshashaasthra alavukaleyum adisthaanamaakki varaykkunnu. mikka purathana greak kraaniyayilum prathimakalilum bluemenback kandathinte udaaharanamaaya nerttha nassel apperchar ("mookk idungiya"), oru cheria vaaya, 100-90 ° mukhakonam, oorthognaathisam ennivayaanu cocasoid swabhaavasavisheshathakal. 19-aamm noottaandileyum 20-aamm noottaandinteyum thudakkathileyum naravamshashaasthranjaraaya jaims kauls prichard, chaals pickering, broka, pooll topinard, saamuval jorj morttan, ooskaar peshal, chaals gabriel seligman, roobert bennatt beane, vilyam sebina ripley, alfred court haadan, rolland dixon ennivar mattu cocasoid roopaghadana savisheshathakalaaya supraavorbittal ridjukalum moorchayulla nassel sil ennivayum thiricharinju. irupathaam noottaandile pala naravamshashaasthranjarum vilyam klausar booid, reginald ruggles gates, calton ezz thudangiya avarude saahithyathil "cocasoid" enna padam upayogichu. kokkeshyan" enna munkaala padam upayogashunyamaayathinaal athinu pakaram koonn, sooniya merii kooll, alis mossi broose, grover crants enniva upayogichu.
vargeekaranam.
pathonpathaam noottaandil "mayers conversations-lexicon" (1885-1890) mongoloid, negroid ennivaykkoppam manushyaraashiyude moonnu mahathaaya vamshangalil onnaayirunnu cocasoid. taxonil niravadhi upavibhagangal ulppedunnu. cocasoid janataye saadhaaranayaayi vamseeya bhasha adisthaanathil aaryan (indo-europian), semittik (semittik bhashakal), haamitik (haamitik bhashakal) enningane moonnu grouppukalaayi thirichirunnu.iii. berber-kushittik-eejipt).
pathonpathaam noottaandile indiayile janangalude vargeekaranangal dravidanmaarum sinahaalikalum cocasoid vamshakkaaraano atho oru prathyeka "dravida" vamshakkaaraano ennu thudakkathil anishchithathvathilaayirunnu, ennaal irupathaam noottaandilum irupathaam noottaandilum naravamshashaasthranjar pradhaanamaayum draavidanmaare cocasoid vamshakkaraayi prakhyaapichu.
charitraparamaayi, turkey janathayude vamseeya vargeekaranam chilappol "turnid" ennaanu nalkiyirunnathu. thurnid vamseeya tharam allengil "cheria vamsham", mongoloid misrithangalulla europid (kokkeshyan) vamshathinte upavibhagam, mongoloid, europid "grettu raceukal" ennivayude vitharanathinte athirthiyil sthithicheyyunnu.
manushya vyathiyaanangale tharamthirikkaan sramichavarkkullil "cocasoid" groupinginte saadhuthayekkurich saarvathrika samavayam undaayirunnilla. 1870-ll thomas henry huxley ezhuthiyathu, 'kokkeshyan' enna asambandhamaaya moolyam vaasthavathil addehathinte santocroi (nordic), melanocroi (medittareniyan) tharangalude samyojanamaanennu.
subraseukal.
medittareniyan, atlaantid, nordic, eest baltic, alpine, dinarik, turranid, armenoid, iranid, indid, arabid, haamitik ennivayulppede ennaal avayil maathram parimithappedutthaathe, rachayithaavine aashrayich postulated subraseukal vyathyaasappedunnu.
echu.jii. europe, vadakke aphrica, aafrikkayude kombu, pashchimeshya, madhyeshya, dakshineshya ennividangalil udaneelam oru kakkeshyan bhauthika shekharam nilavilundennu wells vaadichu. addeham eee vamseeya gadakathe rund pradhana grouppukalaayi vibhajichu cheruthum irundathumaaya "medittareniyan" allengil "iberian" vamshavum uyaramullathum bharam kuranjathumaaya "nordic" vamshavum. semittik, haamitik janasamkhya pradhaanamaayum medittareniyan tharatthilaanennum aaryan janasamkhya yadhaarthathil nordic tharatthilaanennum wells vaadichu. madhya europinte dishayil ninnu aaryan selttukalude varavinu munbu padinjaaran europil adhivasichirunna aadyakaala medittareniyan janathayude pingamikalaayi addeham baaskkukale kanakkakki.
calton ezz nirddeshicha oru upa-malsaramaanu "north kokkeshyan rays". koonn (1930). vadakkan cocusus, balcar, karaachaay, vyurkhu (chechen, ingush) ennividangalile thaddesheeya janasamkhya ithil ulppedunnu.
1953ll prasidheekaricha naravamshashaasthrathekkurashuristhurathu oru aamukham kooduthal sankeernamaaya vargeekarana padhathi nalkunnu
amerikkayil upayogikkunnu.
naravamshashaasthrathilum anubandha mekhalakalilum athinte upayogathinu purame, "vellakkaar" ennu saadhaaranayaayi vilikkappedunna oru groupine vivarikkan "kokkeshyan" enna padam amerikkayil vyathyasthavum saamoohikavumaaya pashchaathalatthil palappozhum upayogichittundu. "vaitt" yuu-yill svayam report cheiyunna entriayum prathyakshappedunnu.ezz. sensus. sensus swaabhaavikavalkkarana niyamam vazhi oru american pouranenna nilayil swaabhaavikavalkkaranam "swatantra vellakkaarkk" maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu, pinneedu pinneedu swaabhaavikavalkkarana niyamam, niyamam indian pourathwa niyamam, niyamam immigration aandu naashanaality niyamam enniva vazhi mattu thaamasakkaraaya janangalilekku vyapippichu. bhagat singh tind" (1923) eshyan indiakkaar pourathvam nedaan yogyarallennu theerumaanichu, kaaranam, naravamshashaasthraparamaayi "" kakkeshyan "" aayi kanakkaakkappedunnundu, mikka saadhaaranakkaarum avare "" vella "" aalukalayi kanakkaakkaathathinaal avar europian pingaamikaleppole "" vella "" yalla ". ithu "oosaava vii" enna kesil supreme kodathiyude muun abhipraayathil ninnulla maattathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. yunaittad stetts", "swaabhaavikavalkkarana niyamatthinte ardhathil" "uyarnna jaathi hindukkale" "" "swatantra vellakkaar" "ennu visheshippikkunna rund keezhkodathi kesukalkku vyakthamaayi amgeekaaram nalkiyirunnu". supreme kodathi eee amgeekaaram "thind" enna peril pinvalichathaayi sarkkar abhibhaashakar pinneedu thiricharinju. 1946ll yuu.ezz. indiakkaarkku oru cheria immigration kwata sthaapikkunna oru puthiya niyamam kongras pasaki, athu avare pouranmaaraakaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kudiyetta niyamathil valia mattangal pinneedu 1965-ll vannu, kudiyettatthinulla munbathe niravadhi vamseeya niyanthranangal neekkiyirunnu. ithu american hyspanic bhaashakkaare "velutha" padamaayi ulppeduthiyittundo enna aashayakkuzhappathin kaaranamaayi, kaaranam "hyspanic" enna padam yadhaarthathil spanish paithrukathinu baadhakamaayirunnu, ennaal pinneedu spanish samsaarikkunna rajyangalil ninnu uthbhavicha ellah aalukaleyum ulppeduthunnathinaayi ithu vikasichu. mattu rajyangalil, "hyspanic" enna padam apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkaarulloo.
yunaittad stetts naashanal library oof medisin munkaalangalil "kokkeshyan" enna padam oru vamshamaayi upayogichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, parambaraagathamaayi cocusoidukalude oru upavibhaagathin maathram baadhakamaaya kooduthal idungiya bhoomishaasthraparamaaya padamaaya "europian" ennathinu anukoolamaayi ithu pinneedu atharam upayogam nirtthi.

