
joonn gaayakan saarjant

edwardian kaalaghattatthile aadambarangal uyarthikkaattiyathiloode "thante thalamurayile pramukha chhaayaachithrakaaran" aayi kanakkaakkappedunna oru american pravasi kalakaaranaayirunnu joonn singer saarjant (januvari 12,1856-epril 14,1925). ekadesham 900 ennachaayaachithrangalum 2,000-ladhikam jalavarnangalum ennamatta rekhaachithrangalum curry varacha chithrangalum addeham srishtichu. addehathinte "oover" rekhakal lokamembaadum sanjarikkunnu, venis muthal tyrol, corfu, spain, middle eest, mondaana, maine, florida ennividangalilekku.
american maathaapithaakkalkk florencil janicha addeham landanilekku maarunnathin munbu paareesil pariseelanam nedi, jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum europilaanu jeevichathu. oru chhaayaachithrakaaranenna nilayil addeham anthaaraashtra prashamsa nedi. 1880kalil paarees saloonilekk samarppicha addehathinte "maadam ex-nte chhaayaachitram" paareesile oru sosaitti painter enna nilayil thante sthaanam urappikkaan uddeshichirunnuvenkilum pakaram vivaadathil kalaashichu. vivaadathe thudarnnu adutha varsham, saarjant englandilekku pooyi, avide oru portrait aartist enna nilayil vijayakaramaya currier thudarnnu.
thudakkam muthal, saarjantinte srishtiyude savisheshatha sradheyamaaya saankethika soukaryamaanu, prathyekichu oru brush upayogichu varaykkaanulla addehathinte kazhivil, ithu pilkkala varshangalil upariplavamaanennu karuthappedunnathinte prashamsaykkum vimarsanathinum prachodanamaayi. addehathinte niyogikkappetta kruthikal gambheeramaaya chhaayaachitrangalumaayi poruthappedunnu, athesamayam addehathinte anoupachaarika padanangalum landscape paintingukalum impressionisavumaayi oru parichayam prakadippichu. pilkkala jeevithathil aupachaarika chhaayaachithra nirmmaanatthinte niyanthranangalekkurich avyakthatha prakadippicha sarjant thante oorjjathinte bhooribhaagavum chuvarchithrathinum "enn playin eyar" pravartthanatthinum neekkivechu. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare kalacharithrakaaranmaar saarjant polulla saamoohika kalakaaranmaare avaganichu. 
1980kalil saarjantinte munbu maranjirunna purusha nagnachithrangalude pradarshanam addehathinte jeevithatheyum pravrithiyeyum athinte maanasika sankeernathayeyum kurichu punarmoolyanirnnayathinu kaaranamaayi. addehathinte pravartthanatthinte soundaryam, samvedanam, naveekaranam ennivaykku purame, addehathinte swavarga thalpparyangal, sthreekalumaayulla paarambaryethara sauhrudam, vamshavumaayulla edapazhakal, linga-anuroopathayillaathathum uyarnnuvarunna aagolavalkaranam enniva ippol saamoohikamaayum soundaryaparamaayum purogamanaparavum samoolavumaaya kaaryangalayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
colonial sainikanethaavum niyamanjanumaaya eps saarjantinte pingamiyaayirunnu saarjant. joonn gaayakan saarjantinte jananathinu munbu addehathinte pithaav fitsvilium (bii. 1820-ll masaachyusetsile glousestaril) 1844 muthal 1854 vare filadelfiyayile wills aii hospitalil oru netra sarjanaayirunnu. joninte mootha sahodari rund vayassil marichathinethudarnnu, addehathinte amma merii newbold gaayika (munbu gaayakan, 1826-1906) thakarchaykku vidheyayayi, iruvarum sukham prapikkaan videshathekku pookaan theerumaanichu. jeevithakalam muzhuvan avar naadodikalaaya pravasikalaayi thudarnnu. paarees aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkunnundena, saarjantinte maathaapithaakkal pathivayi thamasam maari, france, jarmmani, itali, swittsarland ennividangalile parvatha resortukalilum kadalilum season chelavazhichu.
merii garbhiniyaayirunnappol, collara pakarchavyaadhi kaaranam avar tuscanyile florencil nirtthi. 1856ll saarjant avide janichu. oru varshathinusesham addehathinte sahodari merii janichu. avalude jananathinushesham, fitsvilium vimukhathayode filadelfiyayile thante sthaanam raajivaykkukayum videshathu thudaraanulla bhaaryayude abhyarthana amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. oru cheria anantharaavakaashathilum sambaadyathilum avar elimayode jeevichu, avarude kuttikalodoppam shaanthamaaya jeevitam nayichu. kalaalokathe suhruthukkal ozhike avar pothuve samoohatheyum mattu amerikkakkareyum ozhivaakkiyirunnu. naalu kuttikal koodi videshathu janichu, avaril randuper maathramaan kuttikkalam kazhinjathu.
pithaav adisthaana vishayangalil kshamayode adthyaapakanaayirunnuvenku, cheruppakkaaranaaya sarjant oru aadambaramulla kuttiyaayirunnu, padanathekkaal purathulla pravarthanangalil kooduthal thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. pithaav veettil ezhuthiyathupole, "addeham animated prakrithiye valare adutha nireekshakanaanu."europe muzhuvan sanjarikkunnathum myoosiyangalum pallikalum sandarshikkunnathum yuva sarjantinu thripthikaramaaya vidyaabhyaasam nalkumennu addehathinte ammaykku bodhyamundaayirunnu. audyogikamaayi vidyaabhyaasam nedaanulla niravadhi sramangal parajayappettu, kooduthalum avarude yaathraavivarana jeevitam kaaranam. addehathinte amma oru kazhivulla amachwar kalakariyum pithaav oru vidagdha medical chithrakaaranumaayirunnu. thudakkathil, aval addehathinu sketchbukkukal nalkukayum varaykkal vinodangal prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. saarjant thante droingukalil pravartthikkukayum kappalukalude "elastrated lunden nyoos" ll ninnulla chithrangal aaveshathode pakartthukayum prakrithidrishyangalude vishadamaaya rekhaachitrangal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. kappalukalodum kadalinodum ulla makante thaalparyam thanne oru naavikajeevithathilekku nayikkumennu fitsvilium pratheekshichu.
pathimoonnaam vayassil, joonn "valare manoharamaayi varaykkunnuvennum sradheyamaaya vegathayeriyathum sariyaaya kannullavanumaanennum" amma report cheythu. addehathinu sarikkum nalla paadangal nalkaan njangalkk kazhiyumenkil, addeham taamasiyaathe oru cheria kalakaranakum."pathimoonnaam vayassil jarmman landscape chithrakaaranaaya kaal velshil ninnu addehathinu jalavarna paadangal labhichu. addehathinte vidyaabhyaasam poornnamaayirunnillengile, kala, samgeetham, saahityam ennivayil vaidagdhyamulla uyarnna saaksharathayullathum cosmopolitan yuvavumaayi saarjant valarnnu. engleesh, franch, itaaliyan, jarmman bhashakalil addehathinu praaveenyamundaayirunnu. pathinezhaam vayassil, saarjantine (ammayude peril) "manahpoorvavum kauthukavum nischayadaartyavum shakthiyum" ennu visheshippichenkilum lajjayullavan udaran elimayullavanum (pithaavinte peril) aayirunnu. 1874-ll addeham ezhuthiyathupole, "tintorettoye valareyadhikam prashamsikkanum orupakshe michelanchaloykkum titiyanum sesham randaamanaayi kanakkakkaanum njaan venesil padichu."
pariseelanam.
akkaalat school punasamghadippikkapettinnathu florence academyil padikkaanulla sramam parajayappettu. florencil ninnu paareesilekk madangiyethiya sesham, yuva franch chhaayaachithrakaaranaaya carolus-duranumaayi chernnu saarjant thante kalaapadanam aarambhichu. oru ulkka uyarchayethudarnnu, dheeramaaya saankethikavidyaykkum aadhunika adhyapana reethikalkkum kalaakaaran prashasthanaayirunnu; 1874 muthal 1878 vareyulla kaalayalavil addehathinte swaadheenam sarjantine nirnayakamaakkum.
1874-ll fraansile premiier art skoolaaya ekkol dess beaux artsil praveshanam nedunnathinu aavashyamaaya kadinamaaya pareekshayil saarjant thante aadya shramathil vijayichu. shareeraghadanayum kazhchappadum ulppedunna droying klaasukal edukkukayum vellipathram nedukayum cheythu. svayam padanatthilum myoosiyangalil varaykkunnathilum jaims karol bekwithinoppam pankitta oru studiyoyil paintingilum addeham kooduthal samayam chelavazhichu. videshathulla american kalakaaranmaarumaayi addeham oru vilapetta suhruthum sarjantinte praadhamika bandhavumaayi maari. liyon bonaattil ninnum saarjant chila paadangal padichu.
carolus-durante atteliyar purogamanaparamaayirunnu, parambaraagatha academic sameepanavumaayi vitharanam cheyyappettu, ithinu shradhaapoorvvam varaykkukayum painting aavasyappedukayum cheythu, daigo velasquezil ninnu uruthirinja oru looad cheytha brush upayogichu canvassil nerittu pravarthikkaanulla "allah prima" reethikk anukoolamaayi. paintinginte tonukalude sariyaaya sthaanathe aashrayichirunna oru sameepanamaayirunnu ithu. vidyaarthi adhyaapakane marikadannu" ennathupolulla abhipraayangalkk prerippikkunna oru painting pinneedu saarjant eee reethiyil srishtikkum."
eee sameepanam oru under droingumaayi bandhamillaattha nirangalude swaabhaavikamaaya abhivridhi anuvadichu. amerikkakkaraaya thomas eakins juuliyan alden ware padicha jeane-liyon jeromile parambaraagatha attaliyaril ninnu ithu valare vyathyasthamaayirunnu. saarjant hraswa kramatthil staar vidyaarthiyaayirunnu. 1874ll sarjantine kandumuttya warer, "njaan kandittullathil vachu ettavum kazhivulla koottukaaril oraalaan sarjant; addehathinte droingukal pazhaya maastezhsineppoleyaanu, addehathinte niravum orupole mikachathaanu."saarjantinte franchile mikacha adikaaravum addehathinte mikacha kazhivum addehathe janapriyanakkukayum prashamsikkukayum cheythu. pooll sezar helluvumaayulla souhrudathiloode, saarjant digas, roadin, moonat, wisler ennivayulppede kalaa lokathile bheemanmaare kandumuttum.
parvathangal, kadaldrishyangal, kettidangal enniva niranja addehathinte valia rekhaachitrangal theliyikkunnathupole, saarjantinte aadyakaala utsaaham chhaayaachithrangalalla, marichu bhooprakrithiyilaayirunnu. carolus-duraante chhaayaachitranirmmaanathile vaidagdhyam oduvil aaa dishayilulla sarjantine swaadheenichu. charithrachitrangalkkulla commissionukal ippozhum kooduthal abhimanakaramaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnum avaa labhikkunnath valare budhimuttaayirunnu. maruvashathu, oru kalajeevitam prolsaahippikkunnathum saloonil pradarshippikkunnathinum upajeevanamaargam nedunnathinaayi kammeeshan nedunnathinumulla ettavum nalla margamaayirunnu chhaayaachitram.
1877-ll saarjantinte aadya pradhana chhaayaachitram addehathinte suhruthu phaani vaatsintethaayirunnu, koodaathe addehathinte aadya saloon praveshanam koodiyaayirunnu athu. athinte bhangi prathyekichum nannayi nadappilaakkiyathu shradha aakarshichu. addehathinte randaamathe saloon entry "oosttar shekharikkunnavarude cancel" aayirunnu, athinte rund pakarppukal addeham nirmmikkukayum athilonnu addeham amerikkayilekku thirike ayaykkukayum cheytha oru impression painting, iruvarkkum ooshmalamaaya avalokanangal labikkukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala currier.
1879-ll, 23-aamm vayassil, saarjant adthyaapakan carolus-duraante oru chhaayaachitram varachu; eee prathibhaasatthinte sramam pothujanangalude amgeekaaram nedukayum thante pakwathayulla pravartthanam sweekarikkumennu prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. paarees saloonile athinte pradarshanam addehathinte adhyapakanu aadaravum chhaayaachithra kammeeshanukalkkulla parasyavumaayirunnu. saarjantinte aadyakaala kruthikalekkurichu henry jaims ezhuthiyathu, "kariyarinte padivaathilkkal thanne padikkaan onnumillaatha oru prathibhayude alppam 'asaadhaaranamaaya' kazhchayaanu kalaakaaran vaagdaanam cheythath ennaanu."
carolus-durante atteliyar vitta sesham saarjant spain sandarshichu. avide addeham vellasquesinte paintingukal abhiniveshathode padikkukayum maasttarude saankethikavidya ulkkollukayum thante yaathrakalil bhaaviyile kruthikalekkurichulla ashayangal shekharikkukayum cheythu. spanish samgeethathilum nrithathilum addeham praveshichu. eee yaatra samgeethathodulla swantham kazhivine (ithu addehathinte kalaparamaaya kazhivinu eathaandu thulyamaayirunnu) veendum unarthukayum addehathinte aadyakaala maastarpees "ell jalio" (1882) ll drishya aavishkaaram kandethukayum cheythu. amachwar, professional samgeethajnjarude vidagthanaaya anubhaaviyaayirunnathinaal samgeetham addehathinte saamoohika jeevithathilum oru pradhana punk vahikkunnath thudarum. aadhunika samgeethajnjarude, prathyekichu gabriel foureyude sakthamaaya vakthavaayi saarjant maari. italiyilekkulla yathrakal niravadhi veneeshyan theruvu ramgangalude tharam paintingukalkkaayi rekhaachithrangalum ashayangalum nalki, avaa aamgyangalum bhaavangalum phalapradamaayi pidichedukkukayum pilkkala thithreekaranatthil upayogapradamaakukayum cheythu.
paareesilekk madangiyethiyappol, saarjantinu udan thanne niravadhi portrait commissionukal labhichu. addehathinte currier aarambhichu. adutha irupathiyanchu varshathekku thozhilaalliyeppolulla sthirathayode peyint cheyyaan praapthamakkiya eakaagrathayum sahishnutayum addeham udan thanne prakadippichu. suhruthukkaludeyum sahapravarthakarudeyum kammeeshan cheyyaatha niravadhi chhaayaachithrangal upayogichu addeham commissionukal thammilulla vidavukal nikatthi. addehathinte mikacha perumattavum thikanja franch, mikacha vaidagdhyavum addehathe puthiya chhaayaachithrakaaranmaarude idayil oru verittunilkkunna oralaakkukayum addehathinte prashasthi vegathil vyaapikkukayum cheythu. addeham aathmavishwaasathode uyarnna vila nischayikkukayum thripthikaramallaatha sittarukal nirasikkukayum cheythu. ennayil chhaayaachithrangal varaykkaan padichukondirunna thante suhruthu emil futune addeham upadeshichu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
chhaayaachithrangal.
pathonpathaam noottaandile chhaayaachithrangal.
1880 kalude thudakkathil, saarjant pathivayi saloonil chhaayaachithrangal pradharshippichirunnu, iva kooduthalum "maadam edward pailaron" (1880) ("enn playin-eyar"), "maadam raamon subercasox" (1881) thudangiya sthreekalude poornna dairkhyathilulla chithreekaranangalaayirunnu. addehathinu positteev vimarsanaathmaka notice labhikkunnath thudarnnu.
saarjantinte mikacha chhaayaachithrangal sittarmaarude vyakthithvavum vyakthithvavum velippeduthunnu; addehathinte ettavum theekshnamaaya aaradhakar karuthunnath saarjantinte valia swaadheenangalil oralaaya velasquez maathramaan addehavumaayi ithil poruthappedunnathennu. 1882-ll saarjantinte "edward darley boyittinte penmakkal" enna velasquesinte "laas meninas" enna shabdathe prathidhvanippikkunna oru bheethiyundaakkunna akathalathil spanish maasttarude manthravaadam vyakthamaan. thante aadyakaala chhaayaachithrangalilennapo, oro puthiya velluviliyilum saarjant aathmavishwaasathode vyathyastha sameepanagal pareekshikkunnu, ivide asaadhaaranamaaya rachana prakashavum sradheyamaaya falatthilekku upayogikkunnu. 1880kalile addehathinte ettavum vyaapakamaayi pradarshippikkappettathum ettavum priyappettathumaya kruthikalilonnu adutha suhruthum saadhyathayulla romaantik attaachmentumaaya charlot burkhardinte chhaayaachithramaaya "dhii lady vithu dhii rooss" (1882) aayirunnu.
addehathinte ettavum vivaadaparamaaya kruthiyaaya "portrait oof maadam ex" (maadam piyari gautroo) (1884) ippol addehathinte ettavum mikacha kruthikalilonnaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, ithu kalakarante vyakthiparamaaya priyappetta kruthiyaayirunnu; 1915 ll addeham paranju, "njaan cheythathil vachu ettavum mikacha kaaryamaanithenn njaan karuthunnu."1884-leeii saloonil paareesil anaachaadanam cheythappol, athu atharamoru nishedhaathmaka prathikaranam srishtichu, athu saarjantinte landanilekkulla neekkathinu kaaranamaayi. saarjantinte aathmavishwaasam addehathe chhaayaachitrangalil apakadakaramaaya oru pareekshanatthinu prerippichenkilum ithavana athu apratheekshithamaayi thirichadichu. painting aval kammeeshan cheythirunnilla, klayantukal thanne anweshicha thante mikka chhaayaachithranirmmithikalim ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamayi addeham avasarathinaayi avale pinthudarnnu. saarjant oru saadhaarana parichayakkaaran ezhuthi
painting poortthiyaakkaan oru varshathilere samayameduthu. prashasthamaaya neckline, velutha podicha charmmam, ahankaarathode kuthiya thala ennivayulla maadam gautroovinte chhaayaachithrathinte aadya pathippil, avalude valathuvashath maathram manappoorvvam soochippikkunna tholinu puratthekku vasthradhaarana strap undaayirunnu, ithu mothatthilulla phalathe kooduthal dheeravum indriyaparavumaakki. rosham kuraykkaan sramikkunnathinaayi saarjant staappin athinte pratheekshicha tholinu mukalilulla sthaanathekku veendum peyint cheythu, pakshe kedupaadukal sambhavichu. franch commissionukal theernnupokukayum 1885-ll addeham thante suhruthu edmund gosinode sangeethathino bisinessino vendi painting upekshikkunnathinekkur chinthikkunnathaayi parayukayum cheythu.
sandarshakarude prathikaranathekkurichu ezhuthiya judith gauttiyar nireekshichathu
1884leeii maadam ex vivaadathinu munbu, kaapriyile rosina ferrara, spanish pravasi model carmela bertagna thudangiya videsha sundarikale saarjant varachirunnu, ennaal munbathe chithrangal vishalamaaya pothu sweekaranathinaayi uddeshichullavayaayirunna. 1916ll amerikkayilekku thamasam marria sesham gautrooyude maranathinu eathaanum maasangalkk sesham metropolittan museum oof aarttin vilkkunnathuvare saarjant thante lunden studiyoyil pradharshippichirunna painting pramukhamaayi sookshichu.
englandilethunnathinum, saarjant royal academyil pradarshanathinaayi paintingukal ayaykkaan thudangi. ithil "doow. possy attu hoome (1881), chuvapp niratthilulla oru adambara lekhanavum addehathinte aadyathe poornna neelamulla purusha chhaayaachithravum, kooduthal parambaraagathamaaya "srimati". henry vaitt (1883). thudarnnulla portrait commissionukal 1886-ll landanilekkulla thamasam poortthiyaakkaan saarjantine prothsaahippichu, avide addeham chelsiayile kalaa samoohathil sthirathaamasamaakki. maadam ex azhimathi undaayirunnittum, 1882-ll thanne landanilekku maarunnathinekkurichu addeham chinthichirunnu; addehathinte puthiya suhruthaaya novelist henry jaims addehathe aavarthichu abhyarthichirunnu. thirinjunokkumbol addehathinte landanilekkulla sthalammaattam anivaaryamaayirunnuvennu kaananakum.
engleesh vimarshakar aadyam ooshmalamaayirunnilla, peyint kaikaaryam cheythathinu saarjantine "samarthanaaya" franch "ennu kuttappedutthi. oru niroopakan addehathinte "srimati" yude chhaayaachitram kaanunnu. aavishkaarathilo vaayuvilo modalingilo ruchiyillaatha" "kadinavum" "eathaandu lohav" ennaanu henry vaitt thante saankethikavidyaye visheshippichathu "."srimati. ennirunnaalum, vaitt saarjant taamasiyaathe engleesh rakshaadhikaarikaludeyum vimarshakarudeyum prashamsa nedi. henry jaims aaa kalakaran "ente kazhivinte paramavadhi oru oonnal" nalki."
thante studiyoyil illaathirunnappol engleesh graamapradesangalil purathu painting cheyyaan saarjant kooduthal samayam chelavazhichu. 1885-ll givarniyile moonat sandarshana velayil, saarjant thante ettavum aakarshakamaaya chhaayaachithrangalilonn varachu, jolisthalathu moonat thante puthiya vaduvinoppam purathu varachu. saarjant saadhaaranayaayi oru impressionist chithrakaaranaayi kanakkaakkappedunnille addeham chilappol impressionistic saankethikavidyakal valia phalathinu upayogichu. addehathinte "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""  1880kalil addeham impressionist exhibishanukalil pankedukkukayum aaa moonat sandarshanathinu sesham "playin-eyar" reethiyil outtdoor peyint cheyyaan thudangukayum cheythu. aaa samayat sarjant thante vyakthigatha shekharathinaayi naalu moonat kruthikal vaangi.
thante kalakaaranaaya suhruthu pooll seaser hellyoovinte chhaayaachitram varaykkaan saarjant prachodanamettu, bhaaryayodoppam purathu chithravum varachu. paintinginu valare saamyamulla oru foto soochippikkunnathu saarjant idaykkide photography rachanayude sahaayamaayi upayogichirunnu ennaanu. hellue vazhi saarjant prashastha franch shilpi auguste roadine 1884 ll kandumuttukayum varaykkukayum cheythu, ithu thomas eekkinsinte kruthikale anusmarippikkunna oru sankeernamaaya chhaayaachitramaanu. britiish vimarshakar saarjantine impressionist campil tharamthirichenkilum franch impressionistukal marichaanu chinthichathu. moonat pinneedu paranjathupole, "nammal eee vaakk upayogikkunnuvenna ardhathil addeham oru impressionist allah, addeham carolus-duraante swaadheenathilaanu."
1887ll royal academyile saarjantinte aadyathe valia vijayam, coatswoldile broadwayile oru engleesh poonthottatthil rund penkuttikal vilakkukal kathikkunna saittil varacha oru valia kashanamaya "carnation, lillie, lillie, rooss" enna aaveshakaramaaya prathikaranathodeyaanu. painting udan thanne tettu gallery vaangi.
oru professional aartist enna nilayil newyorkkilekkum bostanilekkum nadatthiya aadya yaathrayil, prashastha boosttan art rakshaadhikaariyaaya isabella stuvartt gaardanarude chhaayaachithrangal ulppede 20 ladhikam pradhana commissionukal nirmmichu. addehathinte sreemathimaarude chhaayaachitram. newyork vyavasaayiyude bharyayaaya adrian aisalin thante ettavum ulkkazhchayulla kruthikalilonnil thante kathaapaathrathe velippeduthi. bosttanil, saarjant thante aadyathe sooloo exhibition nalki aadarikkappettu, athu addehathinte 22 paintingukal avatharippichu. 1888-leeii venalkkaalath enn playin eyar peyint cheyyaan englandilekku poya chithrakaaranaaya dennis miller bankarumaayi ivide addeham sauhrudam sthaapichu, koodaathe 1888-ll saarjantinte "dennis miller bunker painting attu calcott" enna chithrathinu vishayamaayi.
landanilekku madangiyethiya saarjant pettennu veendum thirakkilaayirunnu. addehathinu munbulla mattu maasttar portrait paintermaar upayogichirunna pala ghattangalum pinthudarnnu addehathinte pravartthana reethikal appozhekkum susthaapithamaayirunnu. thaan nadatthiya charchakaliloode oru kammeeshan nediya sesham, saarjant klayantinte veedu sandarshichu painting evideyaanu thookkiyidendathennu kaanum. anuyojyamaaya vasthram thiranjedukkunnathinaayi addeham palappozhum oru upabhokthaavinte alamara avalokanam cheiyumaayirunnu. chila chhaayaachithrangal klayantinte veettilaanu nirmmichathu, pakshe palappozhum addehathinte studiyoyil, sariyaaya phalathinaayi addeham thiranjeduttha furnitureukalum pashchaathala vasthukkalum nannayi sambharichirunnu. otta irippil mukham pidikkaan shramikkumenkilum addehathinu saadhaaranayaayi thante kakshikalil ninnu ettu muthal patthu vare irippidangal aavashyamaayirunnu. addeham saadhaaranayaayi manoharamaaya sambhashanam thudarnnu, chilappol addeham oru edavela eduthu thante sittinginaayi piano vaayikkum. saarjant apoorvvamaayi penzilo oayil skechukalo upayogikkukayum pakaram nerittu oayil peyint idukayum cheythu. oduvil, addeham anuyojyamaaya oru frame thiranjedukkum.
saarjantinu sahaayikalillaayirunnu; thante kaanvaasukal thayyarakkuka, painting warnish cheyyuka, photography, shipping, documentation enniva krameekarikkuka thudangiya ellah jolikalum addeham kaikaaryam cheythu. oru chhaayaachithrathinu ekadesham 5,000 dollar allengil nilavile dollaril ekadesham 130,000 dollar addeham command cheythu. chila american upabhokthakkal avarude chhaayaachitram varaykkaan swantham chelavil landanilekku pooyi.
saarjant pathivayi upayogikkunna pigmentukalude shreni ithaayirunnu "maars yello (oru synthetic irumbu ooksaid), cadmium yello; viridian, marathakam pacha, chilappol kalarnna; sindooravum chovvayum chuvapp, ottaykkum misrithavum; madder; synthetic ultramerine allengil cobalt neela; anakkombu karupp, sienna, maars braun".
1890 oode, saarjant rund dheeramaaya noonn-kammeeshand chhaayaachithrangal pradarshana bhagangalaayi varachu-lady mcbeth enna kathaapaathrathe avatharippicha ellen terriyude oru chithravum janapriya spanish narthakiyaaya "laa carmensita" yudeyum chithramaayirunnu athu. royal academyude associate aayi thiranjedukkappetta saarjant moonnu varshathinu sesham poornna amgamaayi. 1890kalil addeham prathivarsham sharashari pathinaalu portrait commissionukal nalki, 1892-ll "lady agnew oof lochno" enna sundariyekkaal manoharamaaya onnalla. addehathinte sreemathimaarude chhaayaachitram. landanile ettavum sradheyamaaya hostasukaliloraalude sajeevamaaya thithreekaranatthinu hyoog hammersley (1892) orupole mikacha sveekaaryatha nedi. oru chhaayaachithra chithrakaaranenna nilayil saarjant samaanathakalillaatha vijayam nedi; oresamayam unnathavum palappozhum naadeeshakthiyullathumaaya vishayangale addeham chithreekarichu. nammude kaalathe vaan dike" ennaanu saarjantine visheshippichirunnathu."saarjant oru american pravasi aayirunnengilum, palappozhum kammeeshan cheytha chhaayaachithrangalude aavasyathinu utharam nalkunnathinaayi addeham niravadhi thavana amerikkayilekku madangi.
1893ll chikkaagoyil nadanna lokathile columbian pradarshanatthil saarjant thante onpathu chhaayaachithrangal phine arts kottaaratthil pradharshippichu.
roobert luis steevansante moonnu chhaayaachithrangalude oru parambara saarjant varachu. randaamathethu, "roobert luis steevansanum addehathinte bharya" (1885), addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya chithrangalilonnaanu. rund yuu-kalude chhaayaachithrangalum addeham poortthiyaakki.ezz. prasidantumaar theodor roosvelttum vudro willson.
landanil thamasikkunna sambannanaaya jootha art dealeraya asher verthymer, thante kudumbatthinte oru dussen chhaayaachithrangalude oru parambara sarjantil ninnu kammeeshan cheythu, ithu orotta rakshadhikaariyil ninnulla kalakarante ettavum valia kammeeshanaanu. verthymer chhaayaachithrangal kalakaran addehathinte vishayangalum thammilulla manoharamaaya parichayam velippeduthunnu. verthymer mikka paintingukalum deseeya galleric nalki. 1888-ll, cornelius vaandarbilttinte cherumakal alis vaandarbilt shepperdinte chhaayaachitram saarjant puratthirakki. addehathinte ettavum pradhanappetta kruthikalil palathum amerikkayile myoosiyangalilaan. 1897ll oru suhruthu shree. misttarinte ennayil oru prashastha chhaayaachitram sponsor cheythu. oppam srimati. aii. enn. felps oru vivaha sammaanamaayi, sarjant vazhi, stokku cheiyunnu.
irupathaam noottaandile chhaayaachithrangal.
1900 aayappozhekkum saarjant prashasthiyude unnathiyilaayirunnu. kaarttoonist maiks bearbohm thante pathinezh saarjant kaarikkecharukalilonnu poortthiyaakki, kalakarante durbalamaaya shareeraghadana pothujanagalkk suparichithamakki. thante naalpathukalil maathram aayirunnengilum, saarjant kooduthal yaatra cheyyaanum chhaayaachithra chithrakalaykk thaarathamyena kurachu samayam chelavazhikkanum thudangi. addehathinte "aan interior inn venis" (1900), kurtis kudumbatthile naalu amgangalude manoharamaaya kottaramaaya "palasso barbero" enna chhaayaachitram gambheera vijayamayirunnu. ennaal, sarjantinte brush varkkinte ayavine wisler amgeekarichilla, athu addeham "ellaayidathum manam" ennu samgrahichu."1902-ll manoharamaaya vettayaadal unifom dharicha loard rebulsdale aayirunnu sarjantinte dheeramaaya shailiyilulla avasaanathe pradhana chhaayaachithrangalilonn. 1900 num 1907 num idayil, sarjant thante uyarnna uthppaadanakshamatha thudarnnu, athil dussen kanakkinu enna chhaayaachithrangalkk purame, noorukanakkinu chhaayaachithrangal oronninum ekadesham 400 dollar veetham. 1901ll addeham oru valia studiyo srishtikkunnathinaayi taitt streettile thante veedinte aduthulla vasthu vaangi. 
1907-ll, ambathiyonnaam vayassil, sarjant audyogikamaayi thante studiyo adachu. aashvaasam thonniya addeham paranju, "jolie cheyyumbol oraale samsarikkaan nirbandhichillenkil oru chhaayaachitram varaykkunnathu valare rasakaramayirikkum... oraalkk dukhakaramaayi thonnumbol santhoshathode kaanappedunnathum irippidakkaarane rasippikkunnathum ethra shalyakaramaan."athe varsham thanne, italiyile florencile ufizi galleryude prashasthamaaya svayam chhaayaachithra shekharathinaayi saarjant thante avasaanathe, mithavum gauravameriyathumaaya svayam chhaayaachitram varachu.
saarjant swis alpsil niravadhi venalkkaala sandarshanangal nadatthi, thante sahodarimaraaya emily saarjant, violet (srimati oormandu), violet penmakkalaaya rooss-maari, raine ennivarodoppam niravadhi paintingukal 1906-1913 enna vishayamaayirunnu.
chhaayaachitrangalil thalarnna addeham vasthuvidyaa, prakrithidrishya vishayangal pinthudarnnu. 1906-ll roome sandarshana velayil sarjant oru oayil painting, ippol pontifical yooniversitti oof sent thomas akvinaasinte palliyaya dominic, sixtus ennivaykku munnil, "aanjalikkam" enna peril, puram padikalkkum balastradinumulla niravadhi pensil rekhaachithrangalum nirmmichu. 1654ll nirmmicha eratta padikal vaasthushilpiyum silpiyumaaya orassio torianiyude (fl.1602-1657) roopakalppanayaanu. 1907-ll addeham ezhuthi "njaan romil oru valia valanja padikal, balastrade ennivayekkurichu oru patanam nadatthi, ithu oru kodeeswarane puzhuvayi kuraykkunna oru valia mukhathekku nayichu..."painting ippol ooksfoord sarvakalaashaalayile ashmolian myoosiyathil thoongikkidakkunnu, pensil skechukal harward sarvakalaashaalayile fogue myoosiyathinte art shekharathil undu. 1869 muthal 1909 vare harward sarvakalaashaalayude presidentaaya chaals vilyam eliyattinte chhaayaachithrathil eee padiyudeyum balastradinteyum vasthuvidyaa savisheshathakal pinneedu saarjant upayogichu.
saarjantinte prashasthi appozhum ganyamaayirunnu, myoosiyangal addehathinte srishtikal aakaamkshayode vaangi. aaa varsham addeham naitt padavi nirasikkukayum pakaram thante american pourathvam nilanirthaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. 1907 muthal, saarjant pradhaanamaayum chhaayaachitram nirmmikkunnath upekshichu prakrithidrishyangalil shradha kendreekarichu. 1915 muthal 1917 vareyulla rund varshathe thamasam ulppede, thante jeevithathinte avasana dashakathil addeham niravadhi american sandarshanangal nadatthi. 1917 eprilil sarjant jaims deeringinte miyami estettu sandarshikkukayum jaimsin sahodaran chaals deeringinumoppam florida thacol cruis cheyyaan shanikkappedukayum cheythu. malsyabandhanathil ottum thaalpparyamillaatha estettaaya "sketching khaniyil" saarjantinu kooduthal thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, koodaathe chila vaattar kalar skechukal ("derylicts", 1917 ulppede) cheyth "vimukhathayode" cruis nadatthi.
appozhekkum saarjant joonn dii. yude chhaayaachitram poortthiyaakki. 1917-ll, mikka vimarshakarum addehathe bhoothakaalathe yajamaananmaarkk ayaykkaan thudangi, "addehathinte rakshaadhikaarikalum bhavithalamurayum thammilulla oru mikacha ambasseder."american jeevithathinte yaadhaarthyavumaayum cubism, futurism ennivayulppedeyulla uyarnnuvarunna kalaparamaaya pravanathakalumaayum poornnamaayum sanbarkkam pularthunnillennu karuthiya aadhunikavaadikal addehathodu kooduthal kadinamaayi perumari. sarjant nishabdamaayi vimarsanam sweekarichu, pakshe aadhunika kalayekkurichulla thante nishedhaathmaka abhipraayangal maattaan visammathichu. addeham marupadi paranju, "ingrez, rafael, ell greco, ivayaanu ippol ente prashamsa, ivayaanu enikku ishtam."1925-ll, marikkunnathin thottumunbu, sarjant thante avasana enna chhaayaachitram varachu, grays karsante kyanwas, kedalstanile marchianess karsan. 1936ll curior museum oof art eee painting vaangi, avide athu pradharshippichirikkunnu.
vaattar kalarukal.
saarjantinte deerghakaala jeevithathil addeham 2,000-ladhikam vaattar kalarukal varachu, engleesh graamapradesangalil ninnu venees muthal tyrol, corfu, middle eest, mondaana, maine, florida vare. oro lakshyasthaanavum chithraathmakamaaya uthejanavum nidiyum vaagdaanam cheythu. thante ozhivusamayangalil polum, chhaayaachithra studiyoyude sammarddangalil ninnu rakshappedunnathinaayi, addeham aswasthathayode peyint cheythu, palappozhum raavile muthal ratri vare peyint cheythu.
addehathinte noorukanakkinu vella nirangal prathyekichu sradheyamaanu, avayil palathum oru gondola veekshanakonil ninnaan. addehathinte nirangal chilappol valare thelichamullavayaayirunnu, oru niroopakan soochippichathupole, "ellaam oru swapnathinte theevrathayodeyaanu nalkunnathu."middle eesttilum vadakke aafrikkayilum sarjant bedoonukal, aadukal, mathsyathozhilaalikal ennivar peyint cheythu. thante jeevithathinte avasana dashakathil, mine, florida, american padinjaaru ennividangalil, janthujaalangal, sasyajaalangal, thaddesheeya janatha ennivayude niravadhi jalavarnangal addeham nirmmichu.
prakrithi, vaasthuvidya, anyajathikkaar, mahathaaya parvathapradeshangal ennivayodulla thante aadyakaala kalaparamaaya chaayvukal niraykkaan jalavarnangal upayogichu saarjantinu kazhinju. addehathinte chila avasanakaala kruthikalil oraalkk svayam poornnamaayum sarjant painting anubhavappedunnu. santhoshakaramaaya draavakathvathodeyaanu addehathinte jalavarnangal nirmmikkappettath. kudumbam, suhruthukkal, poonthottangal, neeruravakal ennivayum addeham vipulamaayi varachu. vaattar kalarukalil, addeham thante kammeeshanukalekkaal ("chess geyim", 1906) kooduthal thelichamulla paalattum pareekshanathmakamaaya kaikaaryam cheyyalum anuvadikkunna thilakkamulla prakashamulla bhooprakrithiyil vishramikkunna, ooriyantalist vesham dharicha thante suhruthukkaleyum kudumbatheyum kaliyaayi chithreekarichu. 1905ll landanile carfax gaalariyilaayirunnu addehathinte aadyathe pradhana ottathavana vaattar kalar pradarshanam. 1909ll addeham newyork nagaratthil 86 vaattar kalarukal pradharshippichu, avayil 83 ennam brooklin museum vaangi. 1927ll ivaan charteries ezhuthi
saarjantinte jalavarnangalumaayi jeevikkuka ennaal, sooryaprakaasham pidichedukkukayum pidichuvekkukayum cheyyuka, thilakkamullathum vaayikkaavunnathumaaya lokathinte thilakkam, 'refusion shade', 'uchakazhinju chuttupaadumulla aarvorukal' ennivayodoppam jeevikkuka ennathaanu.'
orupakshe amerikkayile ettavum valia vaattar coloristaaya vinslo homarinu pothuve vimarsanaathmakamaaya bahumanam nalkiyittillengilum, hommer upayogikkunna reethikal ulppede athaaryavum sutharyavumaaya vaattar kalar saankethikavidyayude muzhuvan shreniyilum saarjant praaveenyamullathaanennu scholarship velippeduthi.
vere jolie.
chhaayaachithrangalkkaayulla sambannaraaya rakshaadhikaarikalude athrupthamaaya aavasyathinu oru elavu enna nilayil, saarjant noorukanakkinu drutha curry chhaayaachithra rekhaachitrangal thakarthu, avaye addeham "maggukal" ennu vilichu. ivayil naalppathiyaaru ennam, aii. dii. 1 varshangalilayi 1916-ll royal sosaitti oof portrait paintersil pradharshippichirunnu.
sarjantinte chuvarchithrangalellaam boosttan/kembridge pradeshathu kaanapedunnu. boosttan public library, museum oof phine arts, haarvaardinte widener library ennividangalilaanu avaa sthithicheyyunnathu. mathatthinte charithratheyum bahudaivavaadatthinte daivangaleyum chithreekarikkunna boosttan pothu library aakarshikkunna "mathatthinte vijayam" enna chuvarchithrangal saarjantinte ettavum valia kruthikal aanu. libraryude mathilukalil avaa maraufleju vazhi gadippichirunnu. ekadesham muppath varshatholam addeham sykkilil pravarthichuvenkilum avasana chuvarchithram poorthiyaakkiyittilla. saarjant thante vipulamaaya yaathrakalum museum sandarshanangalum aakarshikkukayum oru idathoornna kalaa charitraparamaaya sammisranam srishtikkukayum cheythu. harward art myoosiyangalile strass sentar phoor kansarveshan aandu technical stadeesil ninnulla oru samgham aduthide 2003-2004 ll chuvarchithrangal punasthaapichu.
1895 muthal 1919 vare saarjant chuvarchithrangalil pravarthichu; purajaatheeya andhavishwaasathil ninnu kristhumathatthinte aarohanathiloode mathathinteyum (samoohathinteyum) purogathi kaanikkan uddeshichullavayaayirunnu avaa, parvvathatthil yeshu prabhashanam nadathunna oru paintingode avasaanikkunnu. ennaal 1919 avasaanathode sthaapicha "palli", "sinagog" ennivayude saarjantinte paintingukal, kalaakaaran joothamathathe oru stereodypical prathinidheekaricho atho yahoodavirudhamaaya reethiyil polum prathinidheekaricho ennathinekkurichulla oru charchaykku prachodanamaayi. madhyakala paintingukalil upayogichirunna iconography adisthaanamaakki, saarjant joothamathatheyum sinagogin andhayum vrithikettathum kristhumathaparavumaayum sabhaye manoharavum thilakkamullathumaaya oru yuvavaayum chithreekarichu. eee praathinidyangal bosttanile juthanmaarkku engane prashnamaakumenn manasilakkunnathil addeham parajayappettu; paintingukal vimarshikkappettappol addeham aashcharyappedukayum vedanikkukayum cheythu. eee paintingukal boosttan joothanmaare sambandhichidatholam aakshepakaramaayirunnu, kaaranam avaa joothamatham parajayappettathaayum kristhumatham vijayichathayum thonni. boosttan pathrangalum vivaadathe pinthudarnnu, palarkkum paintingukal aakshepakaramaanennu thonniyengilum ellaavarum sammathichilla. oduvil, chuvarchithrangal poortthiyaakkaanulla thante padhathi saarjant upekshichu, oduvil vivaadam illaathaayi.
1918ll american aikyanaadukal sandarshicha sesham englandilekku madangiyethiya saarjantine britiish vaarthaavitharana mantraalayam oru yuddha kalakaaranaayi niyamichu. thante valia chithramaaya "gassed", niravadhi vaattar kalarukal ennivayil addeham mahayudhathinte ramgangal chithreekarichittundu. 1918 velliyaazhcha paareesile sent gervise palliyil nadanna shellakramanathil thante anantharaval rooss-maariyude maranam saarjantine baadhichirunnu.
bandhangalum vyakthiparamaaya jeevithavum.
ooskaar wilde (varshangalolam ayalvaasikalaayirunna), lesbian ezhuthukaaranaaya violet pejatt, addehathinte kaamukanaaya albert dii belleroche thudangiya purushanmaarum sthreekalum ulppede vishalamaaya suhruthukkalulla aajeevanantha baachilaraayirunnu saarjant. jeevacharitrakaaranmaar orikkal addehathe sthirathayullavanum shaanthanumaayi chithreekarichu. ennirunnaalum, sameepakaala scholarship addeham oru swakaaryanum sankeernanum vikarabharithanumaaya manushyanaanennu sidhaanthichu, addehathinte swavarggalaingika swathuam addehathinte kalaye roopappeduthunnathil avibhaajya gadakamaayirunnu. addehathinte suhruthukkaludeyum koottaalikaludeyum prasthavanakal, addehathinte chhaayaachithrangalude mothatthilulla aakarshakamaaya vidooratha, 19-aamm noottaandile linga vyathyasathekkurichulla addehathinte kruthikal velluvilikkunna reethi, munbu avaganikkapetta purusha nagnachithrangal, thomas iii. ulppedeyulla chila nagna purusha chhaayaachithrangal ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu eee kaazhchappaad. mckeller, barthalomy maganosco, olimbiyo fusco, prabhukkanaaya kalaakaaran albert dii bellerocheyude chelsey daining roomil thookkiyidunna. 1882ll kandumuttukayum idaykkide yaatra cheyyukayum cheytha bellerochiyumaayi saarjantinu deerghakaala sauhrudam undaayirunnu. ore samayam oronnum vevvere varaykkunnathinulla theeyathikale thudarnnu, saarjant addehathe "maadam ex"-nte oru modalaayi upayogichirikkaamenn avasheshikkunna oru droying soochippikkunnu, koodaathe athilolamaaya poses saarjantinte purusha roopathekkurichulla rekhaachithrangale soochippikkunnu.
1890kalil "joothanmaarude chithrakaaran" enna nilayil saarjantinte prashasthi avarude paraspara saamoohikamaaya anyathayodulla sahanubhoothiyum pankaalitthavum kondayirikkamennu abhipraayappedunnu. atharathilulla oru jootha idapaadukaaranaaya betti werthheimer venisilaayirunnappol, saarjantinu "veneeshyan gondolearmaaril maathrame thaalpparyamundaayirunnu" ennu ezhuthi. thante aadyakaala sittarmaaril oralaaya chithrakaaran jackwus-emily blanche, saarjantinte maranashesham thante laingika jeevitam "paareesil kuprasidhamaanennum venesil" gunaparamaayi apakeerthikaramaanennum paranju. addeham oru bhraanthan bugger aayirunnu."
sthreekalumaayi niravadhi bandhangalundaayirunnu addehathinte sitting officermaaraaya rosina ferrara, virjini gautroo, judith gauttiyar ennivarodoppamullavar mohathilaayirunnirikkaam. oru cheruppakkaaranenna nilayil, "lady vithu dhaa rossa" ennathinte maathrkayaaya luis barkharttumaayi saarjant kurachukaalam pranayathilaayi.
henry jaims, isabella stuvartt gardner (saarjantil ninnu srishtikal kammeeshan cheyyukayum vaangukayum mattu ettedukkalukalil addehathinte upadesham thedukayum cheytha), edward VII, pooll sezar hellue ennivar saarjantinte suhruthukkalilum anuyaayikalilum ulppedunnu. addehathinte associationukalil prins edmund dii polygnack, kaundu roobert dii montesquio ennivarum ulppedunnu. dennis miller bunker, jaims karol bekwit, edwin austin abbe, joonn eliot (boosttan public library chuvarchithrangalilum pravarthichittundu), francis david millatt, jovakvin sorola, clad moonat ennivaraayirunnu saarjant peyint cheytha mattu kalakaaranmaar. 1905num 1914num idayil, vivahita kalakara dambathikalaaya wilfried dii glen, jaine emmettu dii glen ennivaraayirunnu saarjantinte pathiv yaathraasamghaadakar. moovarum palappozhum francillo spainilo italiyiloo venalkkaalam chelavazhikkukayum moonnu perum avarude yaathrakalil avarude paintingukalil parasparam chithreekarikkukayum cheyyum.
vimarsanaathmaka vilayiruthal.
kalaalokam impressionism, fauvisam, cubism ennivayil shradha kendreekaricha oru kaalath, saarjant swantham realism parisheelichu, athu velasquez, vaan dike, gainsbaro ennivayekkurichu mikacha paraamarshangal nadatthi. samakaalika reethiyil maastezhsine vyakhyaanikkunnathinulla addehathinte anaayaasamaaya soukaryam sradheyamaaya naipunyam ("arsen vaijant", 1885, muses dii metts; ", 1897, metropolittan museum oof art, newyork) kammeeshan cheytha chhaayaachithrangalude oru pravaahathilekku nayikkukayum" nammude kaalathe vaan dike "enna monicker saarjant nedukayum cheythu."
ennirunnaalum, addehathinte jeevithathil addehathinte srishtikal addehathinte sahapravarthakaril chilaril ninnu prathikoola prathikaranangal srishtichu kaamili pissaro ezhuthi "addeham oru utsaahiyalla, marichu oru vidagthanaaya kalakaaranaanu", walter sickert "sarjantolatri" enna thalakkettil oru aakshepahaasyamaaya thiriv prasidheekarichu."maranasamayathu addeham oru kaalaharanavaadiyaayi, svarnnayugathinte oru avashishtamaayum onnaam lokamahaayudhaananthara europile kalaparamaaya vikaarangalkk virudhamaayum thallappettu. saarjantinte prashasthi kurayunnathu bhaagikamaayi yahoodavirudhathayude uyarchayum athinte falamaayundaaya 'jootha samriddhiyude aakhoshangalude asahishnuthayumaan' kaaranamenn elisabath prettejon abhipraayappedunnu.'1890 muthal addeham varacha jootha kakshikalude anukambaye addehathinte kruthiyil antharleenamaayirikkunna vichitramaaya gunangal aakarshichathayi abhipraayappedunnu.
pershyan vesham dharichu, oru muthukondu pothinja thalappavu dharichu, oru indian thambura thuzhayunnath, indriyathvavum nigoodathayum prakadippikkaan uddeshichulla ellah upakaranangalum ithil kaanapedunnu ennathinekkaal kooduthal vyakthamaayath addehathinte chhaayaachithrathil (1908) mattevideyumilla. laingikathayudeyum swathuathinteyum prasnangal paryavekshanam cheyyaan saarjant eee chhaayaachitram upayogichittundengil, athu vishayathinte pithavaaya asher verthymer, oru sambannanaaya jootha art dealerude samthrupthi nediyathaayi thonnunnu.
1926ll landanile sarjant retrospective enna paripaadiyil saarjantinte srishtikalkku soundarya gunanilavaaramillenn thallikkalanja bloomsbury groupile swaadheenamulla engleesh kalaa niroopakanaaya rogger fryaayirunnu saarjantinte athiraalikalil munpanthiyilullathu "theerchayaayum athbhuthakaramaanu, ennaal eee athbhuthakaramaaya prakadanam oru kalakarante prakadanavumaayi thettidharikkappedunda ennathil ettavum athbhuthakaramaanu."1930kalil, luis mumford ettavum kadutha vimarshakarude oru korasinu neethrthwam nalkki" "saarjant avasaanam vare oru chithrakaaranaayi thudarnnu"... varkshoppinte ettavum samarthamaaya roopavum phalathinu ettavum theekshnamaaya kannum, saarjantinte manassinte anivaarya shoonyathayo, addehathinte nirvahanatthinte oru prathyeka bhaagatthinte avahelanaparavum nindyavumaaya upariplavathvam marachuvekkaan kazhiyilla."
saarjantinte moolyathakarchayude oru bhagam addehathinte pravaasajeevithathinu kaaranamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, ithu steeglits circle ashkan school udaaharanamaayi parayunnathupole "aadhikaarika" saamoohika bodhamullah american kala aarohanathilaayirunna oru samayat addehathe amerikkaakkaaranallaathaayi thonnippichu.
ithrayum neenda vimarsanaathmakamaaya ethirppinu sesham, 1950kall muthal saarjantinte prashasthi kramanugathamaayi vardhichu. 1960kalil victorian kalayude punarujjeevanavum saarjantine lakshyamitulla puthiya scholarship addehathinte prashasthi shakthippeduthi. 1986ll vitni museum oof american artle nadanna oru munkaala pradarshanavum 1999ll bosttanile museum oof phine arts, naashanal gallery oof art washington, landanile naashanal gallery ennividangalil pradharshippicha oru pradhana yatra pradarshanavum ulppede pradhana myoosiyangalil valia thothilulla pradarshanangalude vishayamaan saarjant. 2022ll washingtonile naashanal gallery oof art dii.sii.2023ll kaaliforniyayile saan fraansiskoyil lejian oof oonar speyinil ninnulla saarjantinte paintingukalude oru pradarshanatthinu aathidheyathvam vahichu. 
1986ll andy warhole sarjant pandithanaaya trever fairbraderinode "sarjant ellaavareyum aakarshakarakki" ennu abhiprayappettu. uyaram koodiyathaanu. nerttha. ennaal avarkkellavarkkum maanasikaavasthayundu, oororutharkkum vyathyasthamaaya maanasikaavasthayundu."
1980kalile oru "time" maasikayile lekhanathil, niroopakanaaya roobert hugues saarjantine "nammudethupole iruvarkkum amithamaya vila nalkia oru divasathile purushashakthiyudeyum sthree soundaryathinteyum samaanathakalillaatha recorder" ennu prashamsichu."
pinneedulla jeevitam.
1922-ll edmund greason, walter laittan clark, mattullavar ennivarumaayi chernnu saarjant newyork nagaratthile grand central art gaalarikal sthaapichu. 1925ll marikkunnathuvare grand central art gaalarikalilum avarude academiyaaya grand central school oof artilum saarjant sajeevamaayi pankedutthu. 1924ll gaalarikalil saarjantinte kruthikalude oru pradhana munkaala pradarshanam nadannu. thudarnnu addeham englandilekku madangi, avidevechu 1925 epril 14nuu hrudrogam moolam chelsiyile vasathiyil vachu addeham antharichu. saarjantine sooreyile vokkinginu sameepamulla brookwood semitheriyil samskarichu.
1925ll bosttanilum 1926ll newyorkkile metropolittan museum oof artilum landanile royal academyilum tettu galleryilum saarjantinte kalaasrishtikalude smaaraka pradarshanangal nadannu. 1928ll grand central art gaalarikal addehathinte kariyariludaneelam munbu kaanaatha rekhaachithrangaludeyum chithrangaludeyum maranananthara pradarshanavum samghadippichu.
vilppana.
"2004ll 8.8 dasalaksham dollarinu vittath archensasile bentanvilleyile kristtal bridges museum oof american artilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
2004 desemberil, "group vithu parasols (eiii siyasta)" (1905) njangalkk 23.5 dasalaksham dollarinu vittu, ithu sothebiyude 12 dasalaksham dollarinte eratti varum. oru saarjant paintinginte munbathe ettavum uyarnna vila yuu. ezz. dollar 11 dasalaksham aayirunnu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
2018 ll, komadi central staar jaid estebaan estrada saarjantinte jeevithatheyum addehathinte prashasthamaaya paintingineyum adisthaanamaakkiyulla kathayaaya "maadam exa eiii barlescue faantasi" enna chithratthil ezhuthukayum samvidaanam cheyyukayum abhinayichu.
maagi steefvaattarinte 2021 leeii novalaaya "misttar insible" ll saarjantinte kruthikal pradhanamaayi avatharippikkappedunnu."

