maargarat borland

maargarat hefernan borland (1824 epril 3-1873 juulai 5) swantham krishibhoomi nadathukayum swantham kannukaalikale kaikaaryam cheyyukayum cheytha oru munnira athirthi vanithayaayirunnu. oru kannukaali baaranayi avar svayam oru peru undaakki, texacil ninnu kansaasile vichithayilekkulla chishol pathayil jeevichirikkunna moonnu makkalum kochumakkalumaayi texasile longhon kannukaalikalude oottathinu prashasthayaayirunnu. innuvare, american aikyanaadukalude charithratthil svanthamaayi kannukaali oottam nadathunna eaka vanithayaanu avar, moonnu thavana vidhavayaayathin sheshamulla aadyathe kannukaali raajnjikalil oralaayi kanakkakkappettu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1824 epril 3 nuu irelandil airish kudiyettakkaaraaya maathaapithaakkalkk maargarat hefernan janichu. avalude maathaapithaakkalum avide janichavaraanu, pakshe avar amerikkayilekku kappal kayari maargarattin anchu vayassullappol newyork sittiyilethi. avarude pithaav oru mezhukuthiri nirmmaathaavaayirunnu, avar aavasyangal niravettaan budhimuttilaayathinaal texassilake thamasam maari. 1829-ll oru land ejantu maargarattinte pithaavinodu texasile pana avasarangalekkurich paranjappol, hefernanmar bhagyam kandethunnathinayi padinjarottu neengi. swantham upakaranangal vitharanam cheyyukayum oru varsham svayam nilanirthaan kazhiyukayum cheytha kudumbangalkk meksikoo sarkkar prothsaahanangal vaagdaanam cheiyukayaayirunnu. oru kudumbatthinu athu cheyyaan kazhiyumenkil sarkkar oru nukam kaalakalum oru vandiyum patthu pashukkalum oru koottam bhoomiyum nalkum. koodaathe, kudumbam catholica aacharam palikkukayum bisinesses aavasyangalkkaayi spanish samsaarikkukayum cheyyendathundu. maargarattin texacil athumbol onpathu vayassayirunnu.
200 oolam kudumbangale texassilake ethikkaan lakshyamitirunna mcmullen-mcgloin kolaniyude bhaagamaayirunnu eee kudumbam. texacil athiyappol, thekkan texasile saan patricioic sameepamulla vanyamaaya pulmedukalaal chuttapetta bhoomiyilaanu kudumbam thamasam. akkaalat thekk airish kudiyettakkaarude oru pothu thozhilaayi kannukaali vyavasaayam undayirunnathinaal maargarattinte pithaav texas kannukaali vyavasaayathilum niravadhi airish kudiyettakkaarilum nannayi pravarthichu.
saanta annayude vyakthiparamaaya neethrthwathilulla prachaaranatthinu munbu texes viplavakaalath jose dii yooriyayude sainyathinte kaiyil maargarattinte pithaav taamasiyaathe marichu. avalude pithaavinum mattoru cussin, ammavan, bhaarya, avarude anchu kuttikal ennivarkkoppam ithe aakramanathil kollappettu. athijeevicha kudumbam goliyaadile oru kottayilekku palayanam cheythu. thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarkkethiraaya sameepakaala vijayakaramaya prachaaranangalude vaarthakal avarude campil athiyappol kudumbam veettilekku madangi. nirbhagyavashaal, meksikkoyumaayulla samgharsham vardhikkunnathinumbu avarkk oru cheria kaalayalavilekku maathrame veettil thamasikkaan kazhinjulloo, 1836 octoberil samrakshana aavasyangalkkaayi eee pradeshathu ninnu marran sarkkar thaamasakkaare upadeshichu. kudumbam txsile brasoriyayilekku pooyi. veendum thamasam maarunnathin munbu kudumbam kuranjathu rund varshamenkilum avide undaayirunnu. maargarattinte amma orikkalum punarvivaham cheyyilla, avar 1849 ll txile victoriyayil vachu marichu.
vivaahavum kudumbajeevithavum.
1843 augustil maargarat haarisan danbaar enna vyakthiye vivaham kazhichu. 1840 leeii sensus prakaram, haarisan danbaarinu 30 kannukaalikalundenn pattikappedutthiyirunnu, ithu kannukaalikalil swantham kariyarinte thudakkathinaayi maargarat sthaapikkumaayirunnu. maargarat 1844-ll avarude makal meriye prasavichuvenkilum pisttal yudhathil thanikk sambhavicha murivukal kaaranam haarisan janichathinu thottupinnaale marichu. maargarattin annu 20 vayass maathrame praayamundaayirunnulla.
taamasiyaathe, 1845 octoberil, maargarat milttan hardy ennayaale punarvivaham cheythu. maargarattinte aadya bharthaavinte kannukaalikalude ennam kaanikkunna athe 1840 leeii sensus prakaram, avarude randaamathe bharthaavinu 2,912 ekkar bhoomiyum pattanatthil anchu adhika sthalangalum undennu sensus kaanichu. thudarnnulla rund varshathinullil avarkk rund kuttikalundaayi. rund penkuttikal, shaishavaavasthaye athijeevikkaatha elisa, juuliya. dambathikal adimakalude udamasthathayilaayirunnuvena milttante 1847-leeii vilpil addeham thante udamasthathayilulla louisa enna adimayeyum avalude makkaleyum maranashesham mochippikkumennu addeham rekhappeduthi. 1852-ll maargarat rossa enna aarogyamulla mattoru makalkku janmam nalki. athe varsham thanne oru pakarchavyaadhiyude samayat milttan collara pidipettu, athu avarude ilaya makan vilyamine kollukayum august 24 nuu addeham marikkukayum cheythu. milttan marikkumbol 1200 kannukaalikalude thalakal undaayirunnu. milttante ishtam anusarichu louisa mochithayaayirunnilla, maargarattinte makkaleyum bhaaviyile kuttikaleyum paripaalikkunnath thudaraan aval nirbandhithayaayi, avide avar 'maami' ennu ariyapettu.
1856 februvari februvari alexander borland enna vyakthiyumayi maargarat moonnaamatheyum samayatheyum vivaham kazhichu. 1858ll alexander victoriyayude aadyathe vaarshika thalsamaya stokku exhibishanil pankedutthu. pankedutthu sensus prakaram, dambathikal victoriyayil ettavum kooduthal kannukaalikale shekharichu, avayil 8,000 ennam. koodaathe, avarkk panthrand adimakalum onniladhikam swathukkalum vyakthigatha sambathum undaayirunnu. avarkk orumichu naalu kuttikalundaayirunnu, 3 aankuttikalum nellie enna penkuttiyum. konfedarettu stetts armic vendi poraadaan niravadhi ranchermar thangalude krishiyidangal vittupoyathinaal texacil swathanthramaayi karanginadannirunna dasalakshakkanakkinu kannukaalikalkk aabhyantharayudham borlandinu praveshanam nalki. 1867 aayappozhekkum borlands svanthamaayi oru kada thurannuvenkilum alexanderinu sukhamaayirunnilla. panam undayirunnathinaal, alexander athu nyoo oorliyansile oru sarjane kaanaan chelavazhichu, mikacha vaidyasahaayam labhikkumenn pratheekshichukondu. alexander orikkalum victoriyayilekku madangiyethaathe nyoo oorliyansil vachu marikkukayum maargarattine jeevithathil moonnaam thavanayum vidhavayayi maattukayum cheythu.
maargarattine sambandhichidatholam, avalude allengil avalude kudumbatthinu eee durantham avide avasaanichilla. alexanderude maranatthinte athe varshathe venalkkaalath texaciludaneelam manjappani padarnnu. eee samayat victoria pattanam veruthe vidappettilla, kudumbatthinte aadya maranam maargarattinte makal rosayaayirunnu, maranasamayathu avalkk 15 vayass maathrame undaayirunnulloo. maargarattinte aadyajaathayaaya merii aduthathaayirunnu, merii marichathinu thottupinnaale avalude sisuvaaya makan marichu. 19 vayassulla maargarattinte makalum puthuthayi janicha ammayumaaya julia rogam baadhichu marichu. pakarchavyaadhiyude samayat eathaandu svayam marichupoya jooliyayude bharthaav victor rooss, juuliya enna makale maargarattinoppam valarthaan avale upekshichu. aadyathe rund vivahangalil ninnulla ellah kuttikalum ippol marichathinaal, maargarat thante ettavum puthiya vivaahathil ninnulla kuttikale samskarikkaan thudangi. ithe pakarchavyaadhiyil marikkumbol vilyaminu 6 vayass maathrame undaayirunnulloo. shaithyakaalathe thanuppode pakarchavyaadhi avasaanikkumbozhekkum, maargarattin janicha onpathu kuttikalil moonnu perr maathrame athijeevichirunnulloo.
avarude marumakanaaya victor rooss, oru ezhuthukaaranum edittarum charithrakaaranumaayi maari, avide addeham margarattinekkurichu oru adutha veekshanakonil ninnu ezhuthi, athinaal avale vyakthiparamayi ariyaavunna oraalil ninnu aval aaraanennathinekkurich namukk kurachu ulkkaazhcha nedaan kazhiyum. victoor praadeshika pathramaya "dhii victoria advakkettu" ll margarattinekkurichu ithu paranju, "dridanishchayavum swaashrayathwavumulla oru sthree, ennittum avar ettavum dayayullah ammamaaril oralaayirunnilla. aval, sahayamillaathe, oru nalla vidyaabhyaasam nediyirunnu, avalude perumaattam sthree poleyaayirunnu, oduvil bhagyam avale saambathika ardhathil punchirikkumbol, parishkkaranam avalude manassil athinte minukkupanikal kavarnnathupole samskaaramullavarude droying roomil aval veettilaayirunnu."
kannukaali vanitha.
alexanderude maranashesham, thante kannukaalikale vaangunnathinum vilkkunnathinumulla muzhuvan utharavaadithavum maargarat etteduthu. avar munbu alexanderumaayi kannukaalikale kaikaaryam cheyyaan pravarthichirunnu, athinaal avalude ranch engane nadatthanam ennathinekkurichu avarkk nyayamaaya dhaaranayundaayirunnu. attin koottatthe paripalikkunnathinum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum aavashyamaaya yadhaartha shaareerika adhvaanathinte kaaryatthil avalkk adimakalil ninnum bandhukkalil ninnum krishiyidangalil ninnum sahayam labhichu. avalude sahodaran jaims hefernan avalodum kudumbathodum oppam thaamasikkukayum dushkaramaaya samayangalil sahodariye sahaayicha vishwastan kadinaadhvaaniyumaaya oru vyakthiyayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheythu. aval ippozhum budhimuttukal nerittu, 1871-72 shaithyakaalath oru vichitramaaya manjuveezhcha victoriyayil athukayum kodunkaattu moolam maravichu maricha avalude aayirakkanakkin kannukaalikale kollukayum cheythu. muun varshangalile budhimuttukalkkidayil 1873 aayappozhekkum maargarattil pathinaayiratthiladhikam kannukaalikal undaayirunnu. kooduthal varumanam nalkunnathinaayi thante chila kannukaalikale wilkan maargarat theerumaanichu. texas kannukaalikalkk thalaykku ekadesham 8 dollar kansaasile kannukaalikalkk thalaykku ekadesham 24 dollarumaan vila ennathaayirunnu prashnam. swantham trail booas akanum chisholm paathayiloode kannukaalikale kansasilekku kondupokaanum maargarat abhoothapoorvamaaya theerumaanam eduthu. ithu cheiyunnathinu, ellaavarkkum munnilulla apakadakaramaaya paatha undaayirunnittum, athijeevichirikkunna makkaleyum kochumakkaleyum avalkkoppam kondupokendathundu. 49-aamm vayassil, avasaravum bhagyavum thedi thante kudumbatheyum 2,500 kannukaalikaleyum kansaasile vichithayilekku kondupokaan maargarat theerumaanichu. eee sramam ettedutha aadya vanithayenna nilayilulla avarude dheerathayum dhairyavum praadeshika pathrangale thekk, athupole thanne amerikkayude mattu bhaagangalil avarude peru prashasthamakki.
kansaasilekkulla chishol pathayil trail booas.
1873ll thekkan texacil aarambhicha chishol paathayilekku randaayirathiladhikam kannukaalikalude koottatthe kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi araa dussen vaadakakkaarod chernnu kudumbam purappettu. palappozhum sthreekalkku oru ashubhasoochakamaayi avar kaanunnathinal andhavishwaasavum chilappol sthreevirudhavumaaya paathakalumayi maargarattin edapedendivannu. texacil ninnu kansas vare athicheraan groupinu ekadesham rund maasamedutthu. eee samayat, kannukaalikal vendathra meikkukayum amithamaayi thalarnnupokathirikkukayum cheiyunnuvennu urappakkaan avar shaanthamaaya vegathayil sanjarichu. vishappum ksheenavum moolam kannukaalikale nashtappedunnathu oru yadhaartha aashankayaayirunnu. oklahomayiloode kadannupoya avar oru samsthaanamaakunnathinu munbum indian pradeshamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. apakadasaadhyatha ozhivaakkaano saadhanangalkkaayi indian ejantumaarkku samgham thangalude chila mrugangal wilkan saadhyathayundengilum, samgham kansaasil athiyappol avarude koottatthil bhooribhaagavum undaayirunnu. 1873ll ekadesham 400,000 texas kannukaalikale kansasilekku konduvannathayi vishwasikkappedunnu. eee varavu kaaranam, varshathinte avasaanathil kannukaali vipani thakarnnu, texacil ninnu konduvanna borlandukalile kannukaalikalkk avar pratheekshicha saambathika nettam labhichilla. vaasthavathil, 1873ll kansaasil bhagyam pareekshicha mikka kannukaali drivermark saambathika nashtam nerittu. nirbhagyavashaal, avarude yaathrayude avasaanathode asukham pidipedukayum poornnamaayum sukham prapikkaan kazhiyaathirikkukayum cheythathinaal kannukaalikale vilkkunnath kaanaan maargarattin kazhinjilla.
maranam.
chisholm paathayiloode kansaasile vichithayil vijayakaramaayi ethiya sesham, maargarat borland trail pheevar ennariyappedunna oru rogam moolam gurutharaavasthayilaayi. ithu thalachorinte kanjashan allengil meninchaitis ennum paraamarsikkappettundu. aathyanthikamayi aval sukham praapikkatheyum oru boarding housilvechu marikkukayum cheythu. marikkunnathin munbu kannukaalikale wilkan avalkk orikkalum avasaram labhichilla. eee chumatala avalude athijeevicha kudumbamgangalkkum aval jolie cheythirunnavarkkum vittukoduthu. "dhii vichitta beekkan" pathram, ippol vichitta eegil, maargarattinte maranathekkurichu inipparayunnavayumaayi report cheythu, "srimati. ekadesham rund maasam munbu swantham kannukaalikalumaayi moonnu kochukuttikalumaayi vanna borland enna vidhava, thante neendathum maduppikkunnathumaaya yathrayum thalachorinte amita nikuthiyum moolam anubhaavathode shaniyazhcha vaikunneram thottathilvechu marichu."
1873 juulai juulai maargarat borland antharichu. marikkumbol avarkk 49 vayassayirunnu. thudarnnu avarude mrithadeham kansaasil ninnu texassilake thirike nalki, avide avar kudumbavum kannukaali bisinus aarambhicha samsthaanathu samskarikkaam. avalude makkalaya alex jessy avalkk oru shavakudeeram vaangichu, athil ingane ezhuthiyirikkunnu

