
raid (sainika)

oru prathyeka uddeshyamulla oru sainika thanthram allengil pravartthana yuddha dauthyamaanu kollayadikkal ennum ariyappedunna raiding. aakramanakaarikal oru sthalam pidichedukkukayum kaivasham vaykkukayum cheiyunnilla, ennaal shatru senaykk ekopithamaayi prathikarikkaano ethir akramanam roopappeduthaano kazhiyunnathinumumbu muun prathirodha sthaanathekku vegathil pinvaangunnu. oru raiding groupil commandokal polulla eee thanthrathil prathyeka pariseelanam labhicha poraalikal allengil eathenkilum saadhaarana sainikarkk niyogichittulla oru prathyeka dauthyam ulppettekkaam. yodhaakkal, garilla poraalikal allengil mattu kramarahithamaya sainika senakal ennivar upayogikkunna kramarahithamaya yudhathil reydukal palappozhum oru saadhaarana thanthramaan. chila reydukal valuthaanu, udaaharanathinu sullivan paryaveshanam.
oru reydinte uddeshyangalil inipparayunnava ulppedaam
bhoomi.
gotra samoohangal.
niravadhi gotra samoohangalil, raiding aayirunnu ettavum saadhaaranavum maarakavumaya yudhareethi. raathriyil nadakkunna raid partic naashanashtangal undakaathirikkaan urangunna shathruvine pidikkuka ennathaayirunnu lakshyam.
ireland irumbukaalathaanu.
irumbukaalathe airish samoohathinte oru pradhana savisheshathayaayirunnu kannukaali raid, ithu charitra ithihaasamaaya taine boow cuillenginte (engleesha "kooliyude kannukaali raid") kendrakadhayaanu.
beduin "gassu".
mattu gothrangal, kaaravaanukal allengil vaasasthalangal enniva akramikkunna beduin gothrangalude parambaraagatha seelam arabiyil "gassu" ennaanu ariyappedunnathu. atharam pravartthanangal ippozhum jeey shradhichu. ezz. 1820-kalil buckingham palastheenil naadodikalaaya bedauyinmaarkkidayil mathramalla, err-rihayile (jericho) naamamaathramaayi nischalaraaya gramavaasikalkkidayil, addeham nireekshicha cheria bhoomi krishi sthreekalkkum kuttikalkkum vittukoduthu, athesamayam purushanmaar avarude bhooribhaagam samayavum samathalangaliloode sawari cheyyukayum avarude pradhanavum ettavum labhakaravumaaya pravarthanamaaya "kollayilum kollayilum" earppedukayum cheythu.
muhammadinte kaalaghattatthile arabia.
islaamika pravachakanaaya mohammed pathivayi raid thanthrangal upayogichirunnu. caravan reydukalilaayirunnu addehathinte aadya raid, addehathinte aadya vijayakaramaya raid nakhla reydaayirunnu. 624 januvariyil oru khuraish kaaravane akramikkaanum vivarangal shekharikkaanum mohammed eee reydinu utharavittu.
 madeenayude praanthapradeshangalil raid cheyyaan pookukayaanennu rahasyavivaram labhichathinethudarnnu thii aamar adhinivesha velayil addeham baanu muharib, baanu talaba gothrangalkkethire raid nadatthaan utharavittu. eee raidle oraale musleengal pidikoodi.
627 augustil varaanirikkunna aakramanathekkurichu ithinakam thanne ariyaavunna oru gothramaaya baanu talabayil aadya reydinu addeham utharavittu. athinaal avar musleengale kaathirikkukayaayirunnu, mohammed ibnu maslama aaa sthalathu athiyappol, baanu talabayile 100 perr avare aakramichu, musleengal urangaan thayyaaredukkumbol, oru hrasvamaaya prathirodhatthinu sesham mohammed ibnu maslamayude ellah aalukaleyum vadhichu. mohammed ibnu maslama marichathaayi nadichu. aaa vazhi kadannupoya oru muslim addehathe kandethukayum madeenayilekku madangaan sahayikkukayum cheythu. raid parajayappettu.
madhyakala europe.
madhyakaalakhattatthile padinjaaran europian yudhangalil cheria thothilulla raiding yuddham saadhaaranamaayirunnu. oru professional sainikante samayathinte bhooribhaagavum "cheria yudhathil" chelavazhikkam, reydukal nadatthaam allengil avarkkethire prathirodhikkam. nooru varshathe yudhakaalathu janapriyamaayirunna mounded raid allengil chevochi aayirunnu eee yudhashailiyude savisheshatha. chevochikalude valippam noorukanakkinu aalukal muthal aayirakkanakkin sainyangal vare vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, koodaathe sameepathulla shatru pradeshangalkkethiraaya akramanangal muthal 1355 ll thekkan fraansile karutha rajakumaran nadathiyathupolulla muzhuvan pradeshangaludeyum nasham vare ithinte vyaapthi vyathyasappettirikkum. ithu athinte vijayathin vyapthikkum mathramalla, shatru sambadvyavasthayil reydinte prathyaaghaathathekkurichu pravarthanaananthara vishakalanam nadathunnathinaayi aakramanakaarikal manahpoorvvam rekhakal pidichedukkunnu enna vasthuthayum sradheyamaanu.
valia thothilulla raid.
madhyeshyayile mangolian adhiniveshathinidayilum athinusheshavum nadatthiya parambarayaayirunnu charithratthile ettavum valia reydukal. american aabhyantharayudhakaalathu nadanna morgan raid polulla saporisian sichinte kosaakkukal, grande armi, kuthirappada reydukal enniva cheria thothilulla reydukalude udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu, koodaathe charithratthinte ellah kaalaghattangalilum shathrukkalude nirakalkk pinnil nadanna cheria kootta reydukalude niravadhi udaaharanangalum ulppedunnu.
yudhathinte pravartthana thalatthil, 1930 kalude thudakkathil thanne soviyatt sainyathile pravartthana thantra grouppukalude vikasanathil reydukal mungaamikalaayirunnu.
kadaltheerathu.
kizhakkan medittareniyan sambadvyavasthaye kappaliloode sanjarikkunna kadal janatha saaramaayi thadassappeduthiya faravokalude kaalathaanu kadal raid ariyappettirunnath.
madhyakaalakhattatthinte thudakkathil scandinaviayil ninnulla wiking aakramanakaarikal britiish dveepukal, france, spain enniva akramikkukayum theeradesha, nadeethada lakshyangal akramikkukayum cheythu. saadhaaranayaayi kollayadikkanaayi kurachu kappalukalulla oru swakaarya samrambhamaayaan wiking raid nadathiyathu, ennaal palappozhum samrakshana panam (engleesha "daingeld") kollayadikkukayum kollayadikkukayum cheyyuka enna uddeshyathode valare valia kappalppadakalum ithil ulppettirunnu. pathinonnam noottaandil wiking bheeshani kuranjathode raid avasaanichilla. madhyakala naavika yudhathinte oru pothu gadakamaayi ithu thudarnnu. nooru varshathe yudhathil ellah vashangalum vipulamaaya naavika raid nadatthi, palappozhum dartmouthile joonn hollie allengil kaastiliyan perro nino polulla swakaaryar ulppettirunnu. meditareniyanil, madhyakaalakhattatthiludaneelam navothaanatthilum oordu gaalikal upayogichu raid cheiyunnathu saadhaaranamaayirunnu, prathyekichum pathinaram noottaandile kristhyan shakthikalum automan saamrajyavum thammilulla yudhangalude savisheshathayaayirunnu ithu. puthiya lokathile spanish swathukkalkkethiraaya aakramanangalode, elisabethan kaalaghattatthil engleesh naavika thanthratthinte oru pradhana gadakamaayirunnu raid. 1587ll sarr francis drake spanish naavikasenaykkaayi kootticherttha kappalukal nasippikkunnathinaayi cadisil oru valia raid nadatthi.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, europile jarmmankaarkkethire upadravikkunna reydukal samghadippikkunnathinaayi britishukaar samyuktha ooppareshans aasthaanam sthaapichu. ooppareshan ambasseder ennariyappedunna oru "commando" formation nadatthiya aadya ooppareshan 1940 joolaiyil nadannuvenkilum athu oru cheria thothilulla ooppareshanaayirunnu, athu nissaramaaya vijayathin kaaranamaayi. 1941 maarchil lofottan dveepukalkkethire aarambhicha ooppareshan claimore aayirunnu adutha pradhana raid. yudhathiludaneelam pasafikkil japanese virudhamaayi isad special yoonit ettedutha cheria thothilulla ooppareshanukal muthal project oposam muthal ooppareshan ratham-sent-naaseyaril nadatthiya raid vare vividha valuppathilulla niravadhi ooppareshanukal undaayirunnu.
vaayu.
eyar land cheythu.
teshin shudan, giretsu kudaittaay commandokal thudangiya aakramanathmaka ethir vyoma dauthyangal ulppede paaratroopparmaareyum glider boonn sinikareyum vimaanangalil irakkiyittundu. aadhunika kaalaghattatthil, helikopttar, ulppeduthunnathinum verthirichedukkunnathum anuvadikkunnu, shabdathinte chelavil varunnuvenkilum raid gathaagathatthinte mikacha reethi vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, 1940ll beljiyathile fort eben-emalil jarmman glider-boonn raid, 1941lum 1942lum italiyilum fraansilum nadatthiya reydukalaaya britiish ooppareshan colosus aandu ooppareshan biting ennivayulppede niravadhi vyoma-land reydukal nadatthi.
aakaashathuninnulla bombakramanam.
randaam lokamahaayudhathil oru vyomaakramanathe paraamarshikkumbozhaanu royal airfozhs aadyamaayi raid enna padam upayogichathu. oru vimaanathilo niravadhi schwadronukalilo ullava, nilatthe ellaatharam lakshyangalkum prathirodhikkunna vimanangalkkum athireyullava ithil ulppedunnu. "karaa, kadal allengil ubhayachara samgharshangalkkaayi upayogichirunna 'yudhathil' ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu raid. oru vimana "raid" ellaayppozhum munkootty aasoothranam cheythirunnu. vimaanangalude "patrolling" (yuu-bottukalkkethire), carrier vimaanangalude prathirodha vikshepanangal (aduthide kandethiya shatru kappalukalkkethire) enniva reydukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan.