kudilukal sii

skotlandile glasgo nagaratthile oru jillayaya hachsandaun pradeshatthinte samagra vikasana mekhala (sii. dii. eiii) aayirunnu hachsandaun sii. sarr tulsi spense roopakalppana cheythathum 400 veedukal ulkkollunnathumaaya aii. dii. 1 kween elisabath squareile rund krooramaaya 20 nilakalulla slab blokkukalaayirunnu athinte kendrabindu. vaasthuvidhyaarthikalum aadhunikavaadikalum prashamsicha eee flaattukal nananjathum anubadhayum niranjathaayathum niranjathaayathum avasaanathil oru valia naveekaranatthiloode polum sukhappeduthaan kazhiyaathe vanathum aayirunnu. 1993ll avaa polichuneekkappettu, polikkal kararukaaran kettidam nasippikkaan aavashyamaaya eratti sphodakavasthukkal upayogikkukayum eee prakriyayil oru vanita kaazhchakkaaran kollappedukayum cheythu.
design.
thottaduthulla kudilukalile cherikalkku pakaram puthiya thaazhnnathum uyarnnathumaaya bhavanangal, schoolukal, kadakal enniva sthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu lakshyam. vikasanathil anchu gattangal ulppedunnu-eiii muthal iii vare-oronnum vyathyastha aarkkitekt roopakalppana cheythu. 1957-nte avasaanathilum 1958-lum skotlandile aarogya vakuppil nadanna yogangalude oru parambarayil sarr basil spensinum addehathinte asisttant roobert maattivinum avarude sthalam nalki. spensil ninnu swathanthranaayi swantham practies roopeekaricha sesham, maattiv pinneedu 1964-ll thuranna aduthulla eriya bii allengil "reverside" estettu roopakalppana cheythu, eriya siyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, innuvare nilanilkkunnu. pradhana blockine eiii, bii, sii enningane moonnu vibhagangalaayi vibhajichu (kuprasidhamaaya thadankal soukaryangalaaya "alcatras", "barlinni", "coldits" ennivayude peril thamasakkaar thamaashayode vilipperunalki)-lifttukalum staircaseukalum adangiya rund sarvees shaafttukalode gopuratthe sevikkunnu. kidappumurikalum sweekaranamuriyum ethirvashangalil ulla oro flaattinum munnilum pinnilum eratta vashangalulla reethiyil veedukal roopakalppana cheythittundu, koodaathe idanaazhiyude thalatthil ninnu "mukalilekko" allengil "thaazhekko" pookunna oru cheria padikal ulla otta nambar nilakalilulla oru idanaazhiyil ninnu flaattukalilekku pravesikkaavunnathaanu.
1959ll hachsandaun sii kammeeshan cheyyappettu, spensinu oru project aarkkitekt chaals robartsante sahayam labhichu. marseyile leeii corbusierinte bheeman mysonet blokkukalil ninnu bhaagikamaayi prachodanam ulkkonda spense robertson insett kammyoonal baalkkanikal ulkkollunna rund "valia, parukkan 20 nilakalulla slaabukal" roopakalppana cheythu. roopakalppana velippeduthunnathil, glasgo korppareshante bhawana samithiyodu spense paranju, "chovvaazhchakalil, ellah alakkal avasaanikkumbol, athu poornnamaaya kappalyathrayil oru valia kappal poleyaayirikkum", glassgoyude kappalnirmmaana paithrukathe paraamarsikkunnu. kudiyiruppile thozhilaallivargga jeevitam punarujjeevippikkumenna addeham pratheekshichu. kaunsilarmaarkkidayile uyarnna blokkukalkkethiraaya cheruthunilppu takarkkaan addehathinte paraamarshangal sahayichu.
nirmmaanam.
1960ll nirmmaathaakkalaaya vimpe glasgoyile roysttan pradeshathu avarude moonnu 20 nila blokkukalude punny aarambhicha athe samayathaan spense jolie aarambhichathenkilum, spense thante adithara poortthiyaakkunnathinu munbu vimpeyude roysttan 'eiii' flaattukal adhiniveshathinu thayyarayirunnu. 1961 juun 30 nuu elisabath raajnji randaaman blokkinte adithattil oru smaaraka phalakam anaachaadanam cheythu. scotish oafees saadhaaranayaayi oru veedinu 2,800 poundu enna paridhi nischayichirunnu, ennaal spense athu kavian anuvadichirunnu; chila flaattukalude veethi araa inch kurachathinaal avayude vila oru flaattinu 3,000 poundil thazheyaayi kuranjuvennu robartsan oormmippichu. glasgo corporation david gibsante keezhilulla bhawana samitiyum padhathiyude bhawana padhathikalile vegathaykkum ulppaadanathinumulla avarude saadhaarana aavasyathil oru apavaadam nadatthi. holland & hannon aandu cubits (scotland) limittad nirmmaana pravartthanangal ettedukkukayum oduvil 1965ll kettidangal adhiniveshathinu thayyarakukayum cheythu.
prasnangal.
kettidatthiludaneelam naalu peradangunna samghangalaayi krameekarichirikkunna valia baalkkanikale paraamarsikkunna eee blokkukal 'hutchy sii' ennariyappedukayum 'gorbalukalude thoongikkidakkunna poonthottangal' ennu vilipperullavayumaayirunnu. aadyathe patthu varshakkalam kettidam athinte nivaasikalkkidayil nyayamaayum janapriyamaayirunnu, prathyekichu jeernnaavasthayilulla thaamasasthalangalile saahacharyangalumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, 'kappal muzhuvan kappalilum' enna yaadhaarthyam atharam uyarangalil thoongikkidakkumbol palappozhum kazhukunnathu pottitherichu, athesamayam vaathilukalum janalukalum kaattil kedupaadukalkk vidheyamaayirunnu. kettidangalude adithattinaduthu uyarnna kaatt veesunnathaayi kudiyanmarum kaalnadakkaarum parathippettu (ventuary prabhavam moolamaanu-uyaramulla kettidangal orumichu koottiyinakkumbol saadhaaranam) avaa aksharaarthatthil "ningale ningalude kaalil ninnu uyarthaan" paryapthamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithrayum valuthum sankeernavumaaya gadanaykku aavashyamaaya attakuttappanikal thudakkam muthal kurachukaanappettathinal kettidatthile jeevitam kaalakramena janapriyamallenn thelinju. 1976 navambarode, praadeshika empy frank melhon, kaunsilarmaar, scotish oafees udyogasthar ennivar loristtan, hachsandaun kudiyaanmaarude associationukal vilicha oru yogathil pankedutthu, kettidangalile nananjathum fungus, mathilukaliloode ozhukunna vellam, kuttikalude vasthrangalil thamasikkunna vandukal ennivayude prashnangalkk pariharam kaananamenn avar aavasyappettu. glasgo jilla kaunsilil ninnu nadapadiyedukkunnathinaayi niravadhi kudiyanmar oru varshamaayi vaadaka panimudakku nadathivarikayaayirunnu. nadathivarikayaayirunnu glasgo kweens paarkk burg niyojakamandalatthile upathiranjeduppil blokkukalude bhaavi oru pradhana prashnamaayirunnu.
thudarchayaaya nanavum nasheekaranathinteyum vittuveezhchayillaatha roopakalppanayudeyum paricharaka prashnangalum ardhamaakkunnathu ardhamaakkunnathu pothumekhalaa bhavananirmmaanathile ettavum moshamaaya ellaattinum eee samuchayam oru upapadamaayi maari ennaanu. ennaanu 1987lum sitti kaunsil oru pradhana naveekaranam nadatthi, oru charinja velutha melkkoora pedimentukalum cherkkukayum liftt shaafttukalude purambhaagathu thilakkamulla neela cladding sthaapikkukayum kansarvettarikalil upayogashoonyamaaya baalkkanikal chuttukayum cheythu.
thakarkkal.
jolie cheythenkilum nanavu prashnam pariharichilla. 1993-nte thudakkathil flaattukal vaasayogyamaakkaan oru dasalaksham poundu chelavazhikkendathundennum bakkiyulla kudiyaanmaare polikkanulla thayyaareduppinaayi pirichuvidukayaanennum kaunsil kandethi. aadhunika vasthuvidyaa samrakshana samghadanayaaya docomomo eee theerumaanatthil prathishedhikkukayum kettidangal pattikappedutthaanum samrakshikkanum charitraparamaaya skotlandilekku apekshikkukayum cheythu; avayil blokkukal skotlandinte pradhana aadhunika smaarakangalilonnayi ulppeduthi.
1993 septambar 12 njaayarazhcha glasgo jilla kaunsil (ippol glasgo sitti kaunsil) pradeshavaasikaleyum maadyamangaleyum uchakazhinju blokkukalude 'spodanam' kaanaan kshanichu. pothu kazhcha pradesham kettidatthinu valare aduthaayi sthaapikkukayum avashishtangal janakkoottathe baadikkukayum praadeshikamaayi thaamasichirunna 61 kaaranaya helen tinny kollappedukayum mattu naalu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. adutha varsham prasidheekaricha miles glendining steefan muthesiyasinte "tower block" enna pusthakavum "aadunikatha virudhamaaya ettavum prakadamaaya aachaaramaaya pothu naadakavediyenna nilayil gopura blokkukal thakarkkunnathinum" marakamaaya praharam ealppichirikkaamennu prateeksha prakadippichu. thakarkkal kararukaaran kettidangal takarkkaan aavashyamaaya eratti sphodakavasthukkal upayogichathayi apakadathekkurichulla anweshanathil velippettu-glassgoyil oru gopuram blokkinte sphodakavasthukkalonnum adutha onpathu varshathekku thakarkkapettilla, bhaagikamaayi athinte anantharafalamaayi.
maranananthara prashasthi.
2012ll prasidheekaricha royal instittyoott oof britiish aarkkitektsinte 'basil spensa buildings aandu projects' enna pusthakam, spensinte mattu bahujana bhawana padhathikalil ninnu kuthane vyathichalichathayum "shakthavum roopakavumaaya swabhaavamulla" oru kettidam roopakalppana cheyyaanulla addehathinte sramam bahujana bhavanathinu anuyojyamaayirunno ennathinekkurichu oru charcha nadakkunnundennum abhipraayappedunnu. thakarkkappedunnathinumbu sii. yill kudilukalekkurichulla charchakalkku oppamundaayirunna "prakopithamaaya maadhyamangalude shabdamundaakkunna" shabdathe kurichu pusthakam paraathippedunnu.
glassgoyude yudhaananthara bhawana naveekarana nayatthinte paraajayatthinte smarakangalaayi kettidangal (redu rooad polulla mattu uyarnna estettukalkkoppam) thadanjuvaykkukayum avaa polikkunnathinusheshavum avaa chila kuprasiddhi nilanirthukayum cheythu. 2008-nte thudakkathil gorbals libraryil spensinu adaranjali arppikkunna oru pradarshanam oru muun praadeshika kaunsilar shakthamayi vimarshichu, avar blokkukal 'alcatras' ennariyappettuvennu abhiprayappettu.
ettu nilakalil koodaattha thaazhnna nilavaaramulla veedukal ippol eee sthalam ulkkollunnu, ithu 2010-kalil nirmmichathaanu. blokkukalilonninu "kween elisabath gardens" ennu perittirikkunnu, koodaathe yadhaartha spense gopurangalkku vasthuvidyaa aadarasoochakamaayi savisheshamaaya end baalkkanikalund.

