
madhya japanese

 aadyakaala madhya japanese, aadyakaala aadhunika japanese ennivaykku munbulla japanese bhaashayude oru ghattamaayirunnu ithu. bhasha athinte purathana savisheshathakalil palathum illaathaakkukayum athinte aadhunika roopavumaayi kooduthal adukkukayum cheytha parivartthana kaalaghattamaayirunnu athu.
panthrandaam noottaand muthal pathinaram noottaand vare ekadesham 500 varsham neenduninna eee kaalaghattatthe parambaraagathamaayi aadyakaala, avasanakaala kaalaghattangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. raashtreeyamaayi, madhya japanese kaalaghattatthinte aadya pakuthi "insi" ennum kamakura kaalaghattamennum ariyappedunna hian kaalaghattatthinte avasaanamaayirunnu. madhya japanese kaalaghattatthinte randaam pakuthiyil muromachi kaalaghattamaayirunnu.
pashchaathalam.
panthrandaam noottaandinte avasaanathil hian kaalaghattatthile prabhukkanmaarude prabhukkanmaarude samoohathil ninnu yodhaakkalude fudal samoohathilekkulla parivartthanatthinte samayamaayirunnu athu. aaa maattathodoppam, rashtreeya kendram kizhakk vividha shogunettukal sthaapikkunnathinoppam neengi.
vividha puthiya buddha prasthaanangal aarambikkukayum avayude vyaapanam kaaranam saksharatha vardhikkukayum cheythu.
pathinaram noottaandinte madhyathil porchugees kristhyan missionarymar jappanilethi. avar paashchaathya ashayangalum saankethikavidyayum avatharippikkukayum avarude bhasha pankidukayum cheythu. vividha porchugees vaipa padangal bhaashayilekku praveshichu.
thangalude matham pracharippikkanulla shramathil porchugees missionarymar japanese padikkukayum padikkukayum cheythu. avar "arte daa lingova dii iyaapam" polulla niravadhi bhashaaparamaaya vyaakaranangalum "nippo jisho" polulla nighandukkalum srishtikkukayum chila japanese saahityangal vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. avasana madhya japanese padanatthil aaa vibhavangal angeyattam moolyavathaanennu theliyikkappettittund.
phonology.
svaraaksharangal.
anchu svaraaksharangal undaayirunnu/i, e, a, o, u/.
thudakkathil,/iii/,/oo/enniva semivovalukal upayogichum yathaakramam aadyakaala madhya japanese paarambaryamaayi labhicha muun layanangalude falamaayum thiricharinju. ennirunnaalum, avaykku munbu oru vyanjanaksharam undaayappol avaa engane thiricharinju ennathinekkurichu charcha avyakthamaanu.
koodaathe, rund tharam neelamulla "ooo" undaayirunnu oppam. swaraakshara kramam/au/yathaakramam, koodaathe/ou/, koodaathe/eu/ennivayil churungunnu
vyanjanaksharangal.
madhya japanese avasaanakhattatthil thaazhepparayunna vyanjanaksharangal undaayirunnu
koodaathe rund shabdangalum undaayirunnu/n/,/q/. "oru edavelaykku munbu,/n/oru yuvular aanu; ithu inipparayunna stopp, africate allengil nassel ennivayude uchaarana sthalathekku swaamsheekarikkunnu."/q/inipparayunna oru thadassathinte oru shabda pakarppayi maarunnu."
madhya japanese kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil labialised vyanjanaksharangal/kw, gw/prathyakshappettu. - i,-e ennivaykku munbulla labialised vyanjanaksharangal avayude noonn-labial athiraalikalumaayi layichu. prathyekichum
/ qaa/umm/kwa/umm thammilulla vyathyasam avasheshichu.
/ i/umm/e/umm munbu paletalise cheytha/s, z/enna sibilantukalkku inipparayunna vitharanamundaayirunnu
kizhakkan bhaashaabhedangal thirichariyaan/seey/aayi ariyappedunnuvennu jovo rodrigues "arte daa lingova dii iyaapam" ennathil paraamarshichu. aadhunika japanese bhashayil/seey, seey/aayi maariyengilum/sii, sii/ennathinaayaanu nilanirtthiyirikkunnathu ennathu shradhikkuka.
/tii/dii/ellah sthaanangalilum sahodarangalil ninnu verthiricheduthirunnum/aii, yuu/nuu munbu africationu vidheyamaayirunnu
prenasalisation.
shabdamullah stoppukalum fricative prenasalise cheythu
jovo rodrigues aaa nireekshanam "arte daa lingova dii iyaapam" ennathil nadatthi. koodaathe, corian vaachakamaya "chofe sino" ennu [...]..] bii, dii, isad, jii ennivayil-emm. pii.-,-enn. tii.-,-enn. jii. ezz-,-enn. jii. keey.-"prinaasalaiseshane soochippikkunnu.
muma" </uma/"kuthira", "mube" </ube/"sarikkum" thudangiya vaakkukalude transcriptionilum prenaasalaiseshante phalangal kaanaan kazhiyum.
/echu/aandu/pii/.
proto-japanese adangiyirunnuvenkilum pazhaya japanese athu mariyirunnu. madhya japanese avasaanathode veendum avatharippichu, ithu oru puthiya phonemaayi kanakkakkappettu. aadhunika jappaaneesinte aadyakaalangalil, ippozhum ullathupole niravadhi bhaashaabhedangal maari. pinpin", "paatto" thudangiya anukarikkunna vaakkukalilum "sanpay", "nippon" thudangiya chainees vaipa vaakkukalilum ithu kaanapedunnu.
medial/φ/enna vaakk/a/nuu munbaayi maari. matellaa svaraaksharangalkkum munbu athu nishabdamaayi.
glydeukal.
/W/nuu inipparayunna vitharanam undaayirunnu
aadyakaala madhya japanese kaalaghattatthil/o/umm/o/umm thammilulla muun layanam madhya japanese avasaanathode thudarnnu, 12-aamm noottaandode/e/umm/we/umm layichu.
/jeey/nuu inipparayunna vitharanam undaayirunnu
vividha layanangal,/e/,/we/and/je/ennivayellaam thirichariyaan kazhiyathavayaayi thiricharinju.
akshara ghadana.
parambaraagathamaayi, aksharangal (sii) vii gadanayullavayaayirunnathil aksharangalum morayum thammil verthirichariyenda aavasyamundaayirunnilla. ennirunnaalum, chainees vaipa padangal-m,-n, allengil-t ennivayil avasanikkaan kazhiyunna oru puthiya tharam shabdam avatharippichu. aaa ghadana aksharam (sii) vii (sii) aanu. parambaraagatha (sii) vii ghadanaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu morah.
avasana aksharangal-m,-n enniva thudakkathil verthiricheduthirunnum aadyakaalathinte avasaanathode randum/n/aayi layichu.
medial jaeminishan.
oru swaraaksharathino glydino munbulla avasana aksharangal-m,-n,-t jemineshanu vidheyamaakukayum vyanjanaagrooppukalaayi maarukayum cheythu-mm-,-nn-,-t-.
-m>-mm-:
-n>-nn-:
-tii>-tii-:
oonbin.
 yaanthrikamo apavaadarahithamo aayirunnilla" ennathum avayude krithyamaaya kaaranagal ippozhum charcha cheyyappedunnathumaaya oru tharam edaykkideyulla shabda maattangalaan. avaa bhaashayude aadya ghattangalilum prathyakshappedunnunde madhya japanese avasaanathode prathyekichum prachaaratthilundaayirunnu, koodaathe athinte vaakkaalullathum naamavaachakavumaaya roopaghadanayil valia swaadheenam chelutthi.
kriyakal
kuh-" udaaharanathinu rund saadhyamaaya phalangal undaayirunnu. aadyathethu paashchaathyabhaashakalil prathyekathayullathum randaamathethu kizhakkanbhaashakalil prathyekathayullathumaayirunnu.
naamavisheshathakal
rund vaakkukalilum paranjaal, medial velar-keey-aprathyakshamaayathode nishabdamaayi.
roopaghadana.
niravadhi purathana vyaakarana roopangal nashtappedukayum bhasha athinte aadhunika roopathodu kooduthal aduppikkukayum cheythu.
nirnnayaka roopathinu pakaram attributive nalkuka ennathaayirunnu ettavum pradhanappetta sambhavavikaasangalilonn, athinu niravadhi falangalunda
kriyakal.
madhya japanese kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil aadyakaala madhya japanese bhashayil ninnu onpathu vaakkalulla samyojanangalum paarambaryamaayi labhichu
ennirunnaalum, eee kaalayalaviludaneelam, begraded kriyakal kramena monogradukalaayi maari. nirnnaayakavum attributive roopangalude layanathinte falamaayi aadyakaala aadhunika japanese eee prakriya poortthiyaakki.
naamavisheshathakal.
rund tharam naamavisheshathakalundaayirunu saadhaarana naamavisheshanangalum naamaviseshana namangalum.
pathiv naamavisheshathakal.
pathiv naamavaachakatthe parambaraagathamaayi rund tharangalayi thirichirikkunnu "-kuu" ennathil avasaanikkunna kriyaavisheshana roopavum "-siku" ennathil avasaanikkunna padangalum
moonnu sradheyamaaya mattangal oduvil dvimukha vyathyasam onnaayi thakarthu
rund vibhaagangalum thammilulla vyakaranaparamaaya vyathyasam aprathyakshamaayappol, "-shhii" naamavaachakangalude chila ippozhathe roopangal vishadeekarikkaan charitraparamaaya vyathyasam upayogichu, prathyekichu naamavaachakangalude manyamaaya roopathil sambhavikkunna euphonic mattangal (̃) (avaye pinthudarumbol ÂÂÂÂʼʼʼʼ 'gojaru' 'aayirikkuka' allengil ÂÂÂʼʼʼʼʼ 'sonchiru' 'arian').
naamavachakangal.
aadyakaala madhya japanese bhashayil ninnu paarambaryamaayi labhicha rund tharam naamaviseshana namangal undaayirunnu "-naar", "-taar".
-naaru" enna attributine "-naa" ennu kuraykkuka ennathaayirunnu ettavum pradhanappetta vikasanam. nirnnaayakavum attributive layippikkumbol, avar iruvarum puthiya "-naa" pankidunnu. taar" tharam kooduthal puraathanamaayitheerukayum vitharanam nirantharam kurayukayum cheythu. aadhunika japanese bhashayil, kurachu "naaru"-visheshanangalum "thaaru"-visheshanangalum fosilukalaayi avasheshikkunnu.
saangalppikamaanu.
reality adithara saangalppikamaayi vikasichu. ithinakam sambhavicha oru kaaryam riyali vivarichu. aaa upayogam mangaan thudangi, ithinakam sambhavikkatha sambhavangalkk saangalppika upayogam sambhavichu. aadhunika japanese oru saangalppika maathrame ulloo ennum eee yaadhaarthyathinte adithara nashtappettuvennum shradhikkuka.
anivaaryamaan.
anivaaryatha parambaraagathamaayi onnukil prathyayashaasthramillaathe allengil "-yoo" ennathumaayi avasaanichu. madhya japanese kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil, "-i" ennathu lover begraded, keey-irregular, ezz-irregular kriyakalumaayi bandhippichirunnu
meoo"> "miroo" lukkilennapole "-yoo" ennathinu pakaram "-roow" ennu maattaamenn "arte daa lingova dii iyaapam" ennathil jovo rodrigues ttusu abhiprayappettu."ettaam noottaandile pazhaya japanese bhaashakalude kizhakkan bhaashaabhedangalil aadhunika japanese bhaashayile staanderd imperateaya" "-roow" "imperate adangiyirunnu ennathu shradhikkuka".
pirimurukkavum vashavum.
pirimurukkavum veekshana samvidaanangalum samoolamaaya maattangalkk vidheyamaayi. thikanja "n-", "t-", "r-", bhoothakaalam "k-"/"s-", "ker-" enniva kaalaharanappedukayum avaykku pakaram "taar" upayogikkukayum cheythu, ithu thikanja vashath ninnu oru pothu bhoothakaalathilekku vikasichu. athu oduvil "taa-", aadhunika bhoothakaalamaayi maari.
kanikakal.
nii teey" ennathil ninnaan puthiya cases kanika "dii" vikasippicheduthath.
-muu" enna oohaathmaka prathyayam niravadhi shabdashaasthraparamaaya maattangalkk vidheyamaayi "muu"> "emm"> "enn"> "yuu". athu gadippicha iriyalis aditharayil ninnulla svaraaksharavumaayi samyojippichu, athu pinneedu oru neenda svaraaksharamaayi maari, chilappol-y-athinumumbullathaanu.