
ramaria botritis

gompezee kudumbatthile bhakshyayogyamaaya pavizhapputtinte oru inamaanu clustered pavizhapputt, pink-tipped pavizhakkadam allengil coliflower pavizhapputt ennariyappedunna ramaria botritis. athinte karuthutta pazhangalude shareeram vyaasathilum uyarathilum valaraan kazhiyum, koodaathe chila samudra pavizhapputtukalkk samaanamaan. oru kattiyullathum valia aditharayil ninnu uthbhavikkunnathumaya athinte idathoornna shaakhakal agrangalil veerkkukayum niravadhi cheria shaakhakalaayi vibhajikkukayum cheiyunnu. shaakhakal thudakkathil veluthathaanenkilum pink muthal chuvapp vare attam ullathinaal buff allengil taann vare praayamund. maamsam kattiyullathum veluthathumaanu. nikshepathil manjaniramulla beejaanukkal deerghavrithaakrithiyilullathum deerghachathuramullathum ekadesham 13.8 x 4.7 micrometer alakkunnathumaanu.
ramaria" janussinte tharam, aarr. 1797ll michologist kristhyan hendrick persoon aanu bottrittisine aadyamaayi shaasthreeyamaayi vivarichathu. vadakke america, vadakke aphrica, madhya, kizhakkan europe, austreliya, eshya ennividangalil vyaapakamaayi kaanapedunna oru inamaanithu. vishalamaaya elakalulla micorisal enna fungus vanapradeshangalil nilathu pazhangalum kaanapedunnu. roopathil "r"-nuu upariplavamaayi saamyamulla niravadhi inam pavizhapputukal undu. bottraitis, "aavaasavyavasthayudeyo niram allengil shaakhakalude roopaghadana polulla savisheshathakaludeyo thaarathamyam palappozhum thirichariyaan paryaapthamaanenkilum, avaa thammil krithyamaayi verthirichariyaan chilappol microscopy aavasyamaanu. ramaria botritis" enna pazhangalude bodikal bhakshyayogyamaanu, koodaathe yuva maathrkakalkku mithamaaya, pazham ruchiyundu. chila rachayithakkal rogasadhyathayulla vyakthikalil poshakagunangal undaakumenn munnariyipp nalkunnu. inn vitro" jaiva pravartthanamulla niravadhi raasa samyukthangal eee fungazil adangiyirikkunnu, koodaathe pazhangalude shareerangalkk manushyaril rogamundaakkunna niravadhi enangalkkum mayakkumarunnu prathirodhasheshiyulla bakteeriyakalude vakabhedangalkkumethire antimicrobial pravartthanamundu.
vargeekaranavum vargeekaranavum.
1797ll kristhyan hendrick persoon aanu eee inathinu aadyamaayi "claveria botritis" ennu perittathu. 1821-ll elias magnus fraikal "claveria" enna januss namam amgeekarikkukayum "ramaria" yeei "claveria" yude oru vibhaagamaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. 1918ll adalbert rican aanu ithinu nilavile peru nalkiyathu. kaalaharanapetta charitraparamaaya paryayangalil gothold haante 1883 leeii "coralium botritis", arther anselm piyarsante inam "claveria botritis" vaar enniva ulppedunnu. "alba", ithu inii oru swatantra taxonayi amgeekarikkappedunnilla. curie maar, danielle stands ennivar eee inathe "aarr" ennu vivarichu. botritis vaar. "1973-leeii avarude monograph oof vestten washington ramariayil "auranthiramosa"; edwin shild aandu jii. 1998ll italiyil ninnulla "compactospora" inathe richi vivarichu. 1950ll, udha.jeey.echu. corner prasidheekarichathu jorjju eph. atkinsante 1908 leeii "claveria holorubella" enna "aarr" aayi. botritis vaar. "holorubella", ennaal eee taxon ippol swatantra inamaaya "ramaria holorubella" ennaanu ariyappedunnathu.
oru koottam munthirippazhangal" ennartham varunna greak padamaaya "bottress" ll ninnaan "bottraitis" enna prathyeka namam uruthirinjathu. eee inam saadhaaranayaayi "coliflower pavizhapputt", "pink-tipped pavizhakkadam" allengil "rosso pavizhapputt" ennariyappedunnu. meksikkoyile veracruzile coffrey dii perot mekhalayil, aarr. cheria chool" ennartham varunna "escobia" allengil "kozhiyude mulappal" ennartham varunna "pechuga" ennee praadeshika perukalil botritis ariyappedunnu.
"1933ll marinus aantan donk ramaria botritis enna inathe ramaria inamaayi namakaranam cheythu. aadhunika tanmatra vishakalanam soochippikkunnathu claverioid pazhangalude shareerangalulla speesheesukalude oru polyphyletic samyojanamaanu ramaria. maar, stands ennivar nirddeshicha infrageneric vargeekarana padhathi anusarichu, "aarr. botritis "ramaria" enna upavibhaagathil ulppeduthiyittundu, athil grove cheytha beejaanukkal, hyphayil adangiyirikkunna klaambukal, valuthum samriddhavumaaya shaakhakalulla coliflower polulla roopamulla pazhangal enniva ulppedunnu. nuclear large subunit ribosomal dnaude phylogenetic vishakalanam soochippikkunnathu "aarr" ennaanu. botritis "r" maayi adutha bandhamullathaan. rubripermanance ", aarr. rubrievenezense, "eee enangal padicha varggathil ettavum kooduthal uruthirinja grouppaaya falls truffle janussaaya" gauttiyeriya "yude sahodariyaaya (sameepakaalathe oru pothu poorvvikan pankidunna) oru vamshamaan.
vivaranam.
eee fungus uthppaadippikkunna pazhangalude sareerabhaagangal uyaramullathum veethiyullathumaanu. avaa mamsamaaya coliflower polulla pindangalaanu, avaykku mukalil idathoornna shaakhakal undaakunnathin munbu kurachu thaazhnna praadhamika shaakhakalaayi vibhajikkunna oru kattiyulla madhya thandu undu. thandu cheruthum kattiyullathum-vyaasathil-thaazhekku thaazhukayum cheiyunnu. thudakkathil velutha, praayamaakumbol thandum shaakhakalum ilam manja niratthil mangiya niratthilekku maarunnu. pazhavarggangalude pazhangal mangukayum eathaandu veluthathayi maarukayum allengil vithukal veenupokunnathu moolam oochar aakam. praadhamika shaakhakal kuravum kattiyullathum-saadhaaranayaayi-avasana shaakhakal nertthathum (2-3 millimeter) saadhaaranayaayi anchu muthal ezhu vare shaakhakal upayogichu avasanikkunnathumaaya shaakhakalude paatten kramarahithamanu. branchlettinte agrangal pink muthal purple-redu vareyaanu. maamsam kattiyullathum veluthathumaanu, koodaathe avyakthamo manoharamo ennu vividha reethiyil visheshippikkappedunna oru manam undu. stem tissuevil prayogikkunna melsarinte reagentinte oru thulli durbalamaaya amyloid staining prathikaranam velippeduthunnu, athu vikasikkaan palappozhum 30 minittil kooduthal samayamedukkum. eee prathikaranam "r" verthirichariyaan upayogikkaam. samanamaaya mattu fangasukalil ninnulla bottraitis.
shaakhakalude puram uparithalathil basediayaanu beejakangal uthpaadippikkunnathu. nikshepathil kaanumbol beejakangal ilam manjayaanu. sookshumadarshanaparamaayi, avaykku neriya rekhaamshamo charinjatho aaya varakalundu, avaa palappozhum oru sira polulla shringalayil samyojippikkunnu. avaa ekadesham silindar aakruthiyil ninnu sigmoid ("s" aksharam pole valanjirikkunnu) vareyum avayude alavukal 12-16 bye 4-5 micrometer vareyum aayirikkum. basedia naalu vithukalullathaanu (chilappol rund vithukalullathaanu), koodaathe 59-82 yeei 8-11 micrometer kondu alakkunnu. sterigmaattaykk (beejaanukkalumaayi bandhippikkunna basediayude nerttha pravachanangal) 4 muthal 8 micrometer vare neelamundu. hymeniavum subhaimeniyavum (hymeniathinu thottaduthulla tissue paali) samyojippichu ekadesham 80 micrometer kattiyullathaanu. subhymenium ulkkollunna haifa parasparam neythathum 2.5-4.5 micrometer vyasamullathum nerttha mathilukalullathum clamp cheythathumaanu.
vaividhyam "aarr. botritis vaar. "auranthiramosa" kooduthal saadhaaranamaaya inathil ninnu mukalile shaakhakalude ooranchu nirathaal verthirikkappedunnu. compactospora" enna inam shaakhayude agrangalil kooduthal vyakthamaaya veenju-chuvapp, purple allengil chuvapp niram kaanikkunnu, koodaathe 9.2-12.8/4-5.4 micrometer alakkunna cheria beejaanukkalum undu.
samanamaaya inam.
ramaria bottraittisinte" savisheshathakalil athinte valia valippam, ooranchu, chuvapp, allengil purple branchlettukal, sharashari 13.8 muthal 4.7 micrometer vare alavukalulla strait sporukal, stem tissuevinte durbalamaaya amyloid staining prathikaranam enniva ulppedunnu. "aarr. rubripermanancinu chuvanna terminal shaakhakalum, oru dridamaaya roopavum, strait sporukalum undu, pakshe avaye "r" ll ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum. botritis "athinte valare cheria beejaanukkalaal. mattu enangal "r". botritis "aashayakkuzhappathilaayekkam" r. r" nekkaal pinker niramulla shaakhakalulla "formosa". botritis ", manja-tipp;" r. califoriformis, "yunaittad stetsile grettu lakes mekhalayil kaanapedunnu, athinte shaakhayude agrangal praayathinanusarichu irundupokunnu;" aarr. strassery, "manja muthal thavitt vare shaakhakalude agrangalulla"; r. rubrievenezense", "ithil pink niram mangukayum, athu thiranjedutthathinusheshamo allengil pakwathayulla pazhangalil mangukayum cheiyunna shaakhakalundu; koodaathe" aarr ". botritoidukal, "r" ll ninnu ettavum vishwasaneeyamaayi verthirikkappedunnu. bottraitis "athinte minusamarnna beejaanukkalaal. europian speeshees 'aarr. really, palappozhum "r" ennu thettidharikkappedunnu. botritis "chilappol paryaayamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, microscopic swabhaavasavisheshathakalaal verthirichariyaan kazhiyum" r. reliyil "aarr" enna clamp cheytha haifa illa. botritis, "athinte beejaanukkal neelameriyathum veethiyullathumaanu, avaykku straishanukalkk pakaram arimbaarayundu. vadakke american speeshees 'aarr. arayospora, "uparithalathil" r "nuu samaanamaanengilum. botritis "ennathinu niravadhi savisheshathakalundu ithu hemlockinu keezhil valarunnu; ithinu ooranchu muthal manjaniratthilulla agrangalulla chuvapp muthal majanta shaakhakalundu; ithinu vyakthamaaya gandham illa; ithu unangiyirikkunnu, sharashari 9.9 muthal 3.7 micrometer vare silindar vithukal; ithinu amyloid ithara stem tissue undu. ore niratthil thilangunna pink muthal chuvapp vare, "r. sub bottraitisinu 7 muthal 9 vare alakkunna beejaanukkalund.
aavaasavyavasthayum vitharanavum.
ectomycorisal inamaaya "ramaria botritis" vishalamaaya ila marangalumayi, prathyekichu beechumaayi parasparabandham sthaapikkunnu. valia pazhangalulla chuvanna mahoganiyude ("yookkaaliptas pellitta") valarchayum poshaka shekharanavum prothsaahippikkunnathil niravadhi bhakshyayogyamaaya ectomicorisal fangasukalude falaprapti nirnnayikkunnathinulla oru padanatthil, "aarr. verukalude kolanivalkkaranavum macro nyootriyant upabhogavum mechappeduthunnathil botritis mikachathaayirunnu. konifarukalumaayulla bandhatthinte rekhakal orupakshe samanamaaya enangale prathinidheekarikkunnu. pazhangalude shareerangal ottaykko chitharikkidakkunnatho allengil kaadukalile elakalkkidayil cheria grouppukalaayi valarunnu. avaykku yakshimrigangalilum valaraan kazhiyum. "ramaria bottraitis" oru "snobank fungus" aanu, athaayath vasanthakaalath urukunna snobaankukalude arikukalkk sameepam saadhaaranayaayi pazhangal undaakunnu. koriyayil, thiranjedukkaavunna bhakshya inamaaya "tricholoma maattsudekku" uthppaadippikkunna sthalangalilum ithu prachaaratthilundu.
"aphrica (tunisia), austreliya, chili, eshya (indiayude kizhakkan himalayangal, neppaal, jappan, korea, paakistaan, chaina, russiayude vidoora kizhakk, turkey), europe (netherlands, france, porchugal, itali, bulgaria, spain ennivayulppede) ennividangalil ramaria bottraitis kaanapedunnu. meksikkoyilum gwatimala ithu kaanapedunnu. vadakke amerikkayil vyaapakamaayi vyaapichukidakkunna ithu thekkukizhakkan mekhalayilum pasaphik theerathum ettavum saadhaaranamaanu. vaividhyam "aarr. botritis vaar. "auraandiramosa", washingtonile levis kaundiyil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirikku, dougless phir ("syudotsuga menziesi"), vestten hemlock ("tsuga hetterophilla") ennivayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. stroberry maram ("arbutus unedo"), trea heath ("erikka arboria"), holm ookku ("quercus ilex") enniva ulppedunna vanangalile manal mannil valarunnathayi kandethiya italiyile sardiniyayil ninnaan "compactospora" inam ariyappedunnathu.
upayogikkunnu.
"ramaria botritis" oru bhakshyayogyamaaya inamaanu, chilar ithine thiranjedukkunna inamaayi vilayiruthunnu. ithinte ruchi "cheria" allengil "pazham" aanu, ithu sorkraat, pacha nilakkadala (nirjjaleekaranam cheyyaatha puthuthayi vilavedutha nilakkadala) allengil pee podukal ennivayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthiyittundu. pazhavarggangalkk oru acidity ruchi vikasikkunnu. jappaanile bhakshyavipanikalil "nedsumi-take" enna peril vilkkunna ithu koriyayileyum neppaalileyum kaattukalil ninnu vilavedukkunnu. kattiyulla aditharaykkum pradhana shaakhakalkkum cheria shaakhakalekkaal kooduthal samayam paachakam aavasyamaanu. maddhya italiyile garfagnana mekhalayil koonn vevikkukayo ennayil achaar cheiyukayo cheiyunnu. pazhangalude sareerabhaagangal nerttha kashanangalakki unakki samrakshikkaan kazhiyum. vishamulla "ramaria formosa" yumayi saambilukal aashayakkuzhappathilaakkaalanu saadhyathayekkurich munnariyipp nalkikkond oru feeld guide bhakshanakshamathaye "samshayaaspadamaaya" ennu vilayiruthunnu. chila vyakthikalkk koonn kazhikkunnath poshakagunangal undaakkumenn mattu ezhuthukaar munnariyipp nalkunnu. vishamulla arsenic jaivamaayi shekharikkunnathinaal malinamaaya pradeshangalkk sameepam pazhangal shekharikkumbol jagrata palikkaan nirddeshikkunnu.
raasa vishakalanam kaanikkunnath "aarr. botritisinu 100 gram pazhangalil 154 kilojool enna bhakshya oorjja moolyamundu, ithu vaanijyaparamaayi valarunna bhakshyayogyamaaya koonkalkku report cheyyappedunna 120-150 kj sreniyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunnatha. varanda dravyathinte shathamaanamenna nilayil, pazhangalil <aii. dii. 2> asamskritha protein, 1.4% lipidukal, <aii. dii. 1> carbohydrateukal, 8.8% charam enniva adangiyirikkunnu. lipidinte bhooribhaagavum olik (<aii. dii. 2>), linoleic (<aii. dii. 1>), paalmitik (9.9%) phaatti aasidukal enniva ulkkollunnu.
rasathanthram.
tissue kalcharil valarunna helah koshangalude valarchayeyum vikaasatheyum "ramaria botritis" enna pazhangalude sathinte sathil ninnu anukoolamaayi swaadheenikkunnathaayi theliyikkappettittund. koonn nikkottiyanaamain adangiyirikkunnu, oru easu inhibittar (angiotensin-converting ensime). irumbu mettabolisathinum sasyangalile upayogathinum athyanthaapekshithamaaya loha-sheletting samyukthamaanu nikkottiyanaamain. pazhangalil ninnu niravadhi stirolukal verthiricheduthittundu, 5α, 6α-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-(22 "e")-ergosta-8 (14), 22-daine-7-vann, ergosterol peroxide, serivisttarol, 9α-hydroxyserevistol, munbu ariyappedaatha seramide (2 "s", 2 "r", 3 "r", 4 "e", 8 "e")-"n"-2 "-hydroxyoctadecanol-2-amino-9-methyl-4,8-heptedu-cadeen-1,3-diol.
manushyaril rogakarikalaaya niravadhi tharam mayakkumarunnu prathirodhasheshiyulla bakteeriyakalkkethire pazhangalude shareerangalkk antimicrobial pravartthanam undennu laborattari parisodhanakal kaanikkunnu. sathil gram positteev baakteeriyaya "enterococcus ficalis", "listeeriya monocytogenese" ennivayude valarchaye thadayukayum gram positteev inamaaya "pasteuralla multosida", "streptococcus agalaaktiya", "s" ennivaye kollukayum cheiyunnu. payojanees ". 
2009ll porchugees bhakshyayogyamaaya 16 kaattu koonn enangalekkurichulla oru padanatthil, aarr. pradhaanamaayum protocatecuic assid kondu nirmmicha phenolic aasidukalude (puthiya pazhangalude shareerathile oru kilograminu <aii. dii. 1> milligram) ettavum uyarnna saandrata botrittisinundennu kaanichu; ithinu ettavum uyarnna aantiooksidant seshiyum undaayirunnu. pazhangalilum pachakkarikalilum saadhaaranamaaya phenolic samyukthangal vittumaaraathathum degenerative rogangalude apakadasaadhyatha kuraykkunnathumaayi bandhapetta avayude aarogya gunangalkkayi shaasthreeyamaayi anweshikkappedunnu.

