
kottayude munbhagam

1808ll nirmmikkappettathum kramena 1906ll kootticherkkappettathu amerikkayile maine thekkan portlandile oru sainika kottayaayirunnu kottayude prebal. 1812leeii yuddham muthal randaam lokamahaayudham vareyulla ellah pradhana yudhangalilum eee kotta sajeevamaayirunnu. 1950ll nirjeevamaakkiya eee kotta ippol thekkan maine community colleginte kaambasilaanu.
nirmmaanam.
1808ll thante makan masaachyusets milishya offeesarum bhaavi generalumaaya henry eiii. yumayi chernnu kottayude prebal nirmmikkaan yudhakaarya sekrattari henry dearbone amgeekaaram nalki. ezz. nirmmaanathinu melnottam vahikkunna priyaputhran. barberry yudhangalil american yudhakkappalukalude oru schwadronine nayicha commador edward prabilinte bahumaanaarthamaanu kottaykku eee peru nalkiyirikkunnath. 1807ll portlandil vachu prable marikkukayum avide samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.
kottayude peedatthile prarambha nirmmaanam yuu. ezz. kottakalude randaamathe samvidaanathinte bhaagamaayirunnu. kallu, ishtika, sooad enniva kondu nirmmicha oru nakshatra kottayaayirunnu ithu, rund 50 poundar (<aii. dii. 1>, 184 emm. emm) kolambiyaadukal ulppede 14 kanatha thokkukalundaayirunnu. 1811 desemberile yuddha sekrattariyude reportil eee kottaye "oru kambanikku 14 kanatha thokkukal (baarakkukalode) gadippichukondu vashangalodukoodiya vrithaakrithiyilulla battariyulla oru nakshatra kotta" ennu visheshippichittundu.
grettu brittan nepolian france thammilulla samgharshathil americaye oru yudhaveeranaayi kanakkakkiya saahacharyathil oru shathrushakthiyude akramanam thadayunnathinaayi aduthulla house ailandile fort scamalinoppam fort prebilum nirmmichu. 1808 octoberil, kyapttan joseph chandlerude neethrthwathilulla laitt peeranki rejimentinte oru kambaniyodu kotta kaivashappeduthaan dearbone utharavidukayum uparodham lamghikkunna kappalukalkkethire uparodha niyamam nadappakkaan aavasyamaayathenthum cheyyaan nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. kayattumathi nirodhichukondu yuu. ezz. shippinginethiraaya nadapadikalkku britain francineyum sikshikkaanulla sramamaayirunnu uparodham; ithu nyoo englandinte varumaanathinte bhooribhaagavum vettikkuraykkukayum valare janapreeti nedaathirikkukayum cheythu. 1809 maarchil president jaims maadisan adhikaaramettappol uparodham pinvalikkappettenkilum aaa sahacharyam oduvil 1812leeii yudhathilekku nayichu.
1812leeii yuddham.
1812leeii yudhasamayathu vividha unitukal kottayude pribley kaikaaryam cheythu. avayil laitt artilary rejimentinte gadakangal, kaalaalppadayude 21,33,34 rejimentukal, sannadhapravarthakaraaya njangal, prathisandhi ghattangalil praadeshika milishya enniva ulppedunnu. winfield scott mattu american sainikarum cubeckile britiish thadavil ninnu madangiyethiyappol avare fort prebilil athichu. avaril palarum ksheenitharum rogikalumaayirunnu, chilar posttile ashupathriyil vachu marichu.
aabhyantharayudhathinte thudakkathil fort sumterine dheeramaayi prathirodhichathil prashasthanaaya kyapttan roobert aandezhsan, <aii. dii. 1> muthal <aii. dii. 2> vare fort prebilinu neethrthwam nalki.
1845ll fort prebleinu puthiya baattarikalum 12 thokkukalude vadakkan baattariyum 10 thokkukalude thekkan baattariyum labhichu.
aabhyantharayudham.
american aabhyantharayudhakaalathu, 17-aamm us infantry rejimentinte aasthaanavum recruiting depoy aayitheernna fort preble, maineyil recruit cheytha sannadha rejimentukalude mobilisation saittum aayirunnu.
1863 juun 26nuu "ambeythukaaran" enna peril pidicha kappalil konfedarettu armi raidermar portland thuramukhathu praveshichappol kottayile sainikar nadapadiyedutthu. konfedarettukal pittennu yunaittad stetts ravanyoo cutter "caleb kushing" pidichedukkukayum portland harber yuddham ennariyappedunna oru nadapadiyiloode rakshappedaan sramikkukayum cheythu. kottayude prebalil ninnu sainikarum peerankikalum vahikkunna rund steemarukalum 100 oolam sivilian sannadhapravarthakarum avare pinthudarnnu. neriya kaatt rakshappedal asaadhyamaakkukayum kappalin thiitta sesham konfedarettukal bottukalil "kaleb kushing" upekshichu. thee kappalinte maasikakal pottitherichu, spodanathil "kushing" nashichu. irupathimoonnu konfedarettu thadavukaare pidikoodi kottayude prebililekku kondupoyi. yudhathadavukaarilekku maattunnathuvare avar kottayude prabilil thudarnnu.
eee pravartthana samayat, pradhana jorjju lippitt andruz kottayude prebilinu neethrthwam nalki. (brevett mejar general jorjju leonard andruz ennayaale thettidharikkaruthu.) rooad dweep swadeshiyaaya andruz yudhathinte thudakkathil onnaam misauri kaalaalppadayude lefttanant kenalaayi niyamithanaayi. 1861 septambaril sannadhasevanathil ninnu purathaakkappetta addeham 17-aamm kaalaalppadayude mejaraayi saadhaarana sainyathil kammeeshan cheyyappettu. 1864ll lefttanant kenalaayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. 1871 januvariyil kenalaayi sthaanakkayattam labikkukayum akkaalathe saadhaarana sainyathinte naalu aafrikkan-american rejimentukalilonnaaya 25-aamm kaalaalppadayude kamaandaraayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1892ll sainyathil ninnu viramikkunnathuvare 21 varshakkalam addeham 25-aamm kaalalppadaye nayichu.
1863 juulai 15 nuu, 17-aamm maine rejimentile swakaarya kambaniyaaya billie lairdine, naadukadatthal kuttam chumathiya sesham kottayude prebilil firing squad vadhichu. president ebraham linkon layerdinu mapp nalkiyengilum newyork nagaratthile telegraph vayarukal washingtonil ninnulla sandesham sampreshanam cheythathinaal telegraph sandesham orikkalum kadannupoyilla.sii. 1863 joolaiyile karadu kalaapathinide maine vettikkurachu. aabhyantharayudhathil naadukadathappettathinu vadikkappetta eaka maine sainikanaayirunnu laired.
aabhyantharayudhakaalathaanu kottayude prilipiyude oru valia vipuleekaranathinte nirmmaanam etteduthathu. pazhaya nakshatra kotta karaa sameepanam ulkkollaan avasheshikkukayum moonnaamathe samvidaanathinte savisheshamaaya puthiya graanait casmettukal kottayude moonnu jalabhaagangalilum nirmmikkukayum cheythu. oru nira thokkukal maathrame prakshepanam cheythittulloo. eee padhathi poortthiyaakaathe upekshikkappettu, chila kesmettukal innuvare avasheshikkunnu.
aabhyantharayudhathinu sheshamulla kaalam.
1870-kalil washington smaarakathinte poorttheekaranatthinu melnottam vahichathil prashasthanaaya armi enchineeyar thomas linkon kesiyude melnottatthil kottayude prebal aadunikavalkkarikkappettu. eee mechappeduthalukalil munn parakkekku pinnil valia caliber thokkukalkku (saadhaaranayaayi 8 inch parivartthanam cheytha raifilukal) adhika sthaanangal ulppedunnu, kaaranam kallu mathilukal rifled peeranki shellukalkkethire phalapradamallennu kandethi.
irupathaam noottaand.
portlaandinte theerasamrakshanatthinte bhaagamaayi kottayil niravadhi aadhunika endicot kaalaghattatthile theerasamrakshana baattarikal sthaapichu, athil fort vilyams, fort mckinley, fort levettu ennivayum ulppedunnu. eee baattarikalkk idam nalkunnathinaayi nakshatra kotta polichumaatti. baattarikal kerniyum chesum motham pathinaar 12 inch mortaarukal (305 millimeter) 1901 ll poortthiyaakki. ivaykku brigadier general steefan dablyu. kerney oof dhaa meksikkan-american vaar aandu ell. tii. aabhyantharayudhathinte kenal pinthudarcha nirtthivaykkuka. thudakkathil pathinaar mortaarukalum baattari keerniyaayirunnu, ennaal 1906 ll baattari chesinu peru nalki, oro baattariyilum ettu mortaarukal adangiyirunnu. 1906ll 6 inch (152 emm) thokkukalulla baattari reverdy 3 inch (76 emm) thokkukalulla baattari messon avaye pinthudarnnu. joonn jeey. yude perilaanu baattari rivardi ariyappedunnathu. yuu. aadyathe sisttam kottakalil pravartthikkukayum 1795-1802 sevanamanushtikkukayum cheytha aadyathe us aarttilaristukaludeyum enchineeyarmaarudeyum rivardi. philipp dii yude perilaanu baattari mesan ariyappedunnathu. aabhyantharayudhathil kollapetta oru peeranki udyogasthanaaya mesan. 1911ll baattari keerni-chesil ninnulla rund mortaarukal vestt poyintilekku maatti, orupakshe kedattukalkku avayude upayogathekkurichu nirddeshikkaanaanu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhakaalathu eee kotta sajeevamaayi thudarnnenkilum padinjaaran munnaniyilekku kanatha peerankikalum railway peerankikalum ayaykkunnathinulla oru padhathiyude bhaagamaayi bhaagikamaayi niraayudheekarichu. baattari rivardiyude rund 6 inch thokkukal 1917 ll feeld thokkukalaayi upayogikkunnathinaayi francilake ayaykkukayum avaa kottayilekku thirike nalkaathirikkukayum cheythu. railway mortaarukalaayi upayogikkunnathinaayi baattarikal kerniyil ninnum chesil ninnum aarr mortaarukal neekkam cheythu; reloading samayat avayude sthaanachalanangalude tirakk laghookarikkunnathinaayi mortaarukalude pothuvaaya pakuthiyude bhaagamaayirunnu ithu. ettu mortaarukalum oru 3 inch thokkum ulla eee kottayude munnira avasheshikkunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudhakaalathe pala theerasamrakshana sthaapanangalilum 3 inch aanti aircraft thokkukal sthaapikkunnathinaayi baattari reverdick munnilulla rund thokku plaattphomukal sthaapichu.
1924-ll theeradesha peeranki oru rejimental samghadana sweekarikkukayum saadhaarana sainyathinte ettaamathe theeradesha peeranki rejiment kottayude prebalil roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. yudhasamayathu saadhaarana senaykk pakaramaayi oru reserve rejimentum roopeekarichu, maine naashanal gaardinte 240-aamath koost peerankippada. randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thudakkathil eee rund rejimentukalum thuramukhathe thuramukha prathirodhatthinu kaaval nilkkukayum athil kottayude prebal vala idunna kappalukalkkulla naavika vala depoy cusco bay degousing renchinte kantrol steshanum aayirunnu. bakkiyulla ellah mortaarukalum 1942-ll polikkukayum peaks dveepile baattari steeline kendreekarichulla puthiya prathirodhangal kottayude munnira marikadakkukayum cheythu. 1946ll neekkam cheytha oru 3 inch thokku maathramaan avasheshichathu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham theerasamrakshana kottakal kaalaharanappettavayaanennum kottayude prebilum itharathilulla mikka kottakalum 1950 ll nirjeevamaakkiyennum nirnnayichu.
vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanam.
1952ll kotta maine samsthaanathinu vilkkukayum 1989ll southu maine technical koleju (smtc) ennum pinneedu southu maine community koleju (smcc) ennum punarnaamakaranam cheyyappetta southu maine vokkeshanal technical instittyoottinte (smvt) kaambasaayi maarukayum cheythu.
20-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil kottayude pribilinte chila yadhaartha ishtika kettidangal (offeesarmaarude kwartezhs, baarakkukal, fayar steshan ennivayulppede) nilanilkkukayum avaa nalla samrakshanathilaanu.
1897ll eee sthalathinaduthu spring pooyint ledge laitt nirmmichu. kottayil ninnu vyaapichukidakkunna oru graanait break vaattar pinneedu 1951ll laitt hausinu chuttum chertthu.

