irupathu kovarkazhuthakalude team

1883 muthal 1889 vare deth valic purathu boraxine athikkunna valia vaaganukalil gadippichirikkunna pathinettu kovarkazhuthakaludeyum rund kuthirakaludeyum teemukalaayirunnu irupathu kovarkazhuthakal. avar mojave marubhoomiyiludaneelamulla khanikalil ninnu mojaaveyile ettavum aduthulla railway sparilekku yaatra cheythu. harnimi, amargosa borax works ennivayil ninnu daagett, california, pinneedu kaaliforniyayile mojave ennividangalilekkulla vazhikalaayirunnu avaa. 1888ll harmoney amargosa adachupoottiyathinushesham, kovarkazhutha samghathinte paatha calicoic kizhakkulla borettile khanikalil ninnu dagettilekku maatti. 1891 muthal 1898 vare avar avide jolie cheythu, athinusesham avarkk pakaram borettu, daagatt railway vannu.
oru samayat 10 short tonn (9 metrik tonn) borax ayiru vahikkaan roopakalppana cheytha draaft mrugangal valichedutha ettavum valia vaaganukalilonnaan eee vaaganukal.
charithram.
1877-ll, irupathu-myool teamukale deth vaaliyil avatharippikkunnathin aarr varsham munbu, francis marian smith sahodaran avarude kambaniyude borax 30 tonn bhaarathil rund valia vaaganukal upayogichu ayachathaayi "scientific american" report cheythu, bhakshanathinum vellathinumaayi moonnaamathe vaagan, 24-myool team valicheduthathu nevadayile teal chathuppinum wadsworthinum edayilulla marubhoomiyude oru bhagathaanu.
irupathu-myool-team vaaganukal oru samayat borax ayiru vahikkunnathinaan roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. irumbu kondu nirmmicha tayarukalulla pinchakrangal uyarnna alavil alannu. vaagan kidakkakal neelamullathum aazhamullathumaayirunnu; khara ookku kondu nirmmichavayude thookkam shoonyamaayirunnu; ayiru niraykkumbol, kovarkazhuthayude traininte motham bharam athrayaayirunnu.
aadyathe vaagan trailer randaamathethu "tender" allengil "back aakshan" aayirunnu, tank vaagan pinbhaagathekku konduvannu.
kovarkazhuthakalodoppam caravan neendu. parukkan nirmmaanam kaaranam, marubhoomiyil oru vagon gathaagathathil thakararilaayilla. 
vazhiyil kovarkazhuthakalkku vellam nalkunnathinaayi oru vaattar tank chertthu. teamsterinum chathuppukalkkumayi vaaganukalil vaattar baaralukal undaayirunnu. yaathrayiludaneelam mathiyaya vellam kondupokaan kazhiyaathathinal vazhiyile neeruravakalil jalavitharanam veendum nirachu. dry kyaambukalilum vaattar stoppukalilum tank vellam upayogichirunnu.
desert magazin" 1940 juun lakkathil praadhamika jalasambharani 1200 yuu aanennu sthireekarikkunnu.ezz. gallen. eee vishadaamshangal "skeyil modalinu pinnile charithratthilum" nalkiyittundu. 
rodiludaneelam theettayum vellavum chitharikkunnathinulla kaaryakshamamaya samvidaanam upayogichu. mojaveyil ninnu puratthekku pookunna teamukal, ozhinja vaaganukal valichu, swantham feed saadhanangalum valichedukkukayum avaa samgham yaatra cheyyumbol thudarchayaaya kyaambukalil upekshikkukayum cheythu. looad cheytha oru vaagan maruvashathu thirichethumbol saadhanangal upayogikkunnathinaayi kaivasham undaayirikkum, koodaathe payload space paazhakkilla. ethirdishayil ninnu varunna teaminu dry campilekku vellam kondupokaan oru vaagan cherkkunna oru rooad undaayirunnu. athicherunna samgham vellam upayogikkukayum ozhinja tank adutha divasam avarude valichedukkalil thirike neeruravayilekku kondupookukayum adutha outbound vasthrathil veendum niraykkaanum steju cheyyaanum thayyarakukayum cheyyum. 
ooppareshante aarr varshathinide marana thaazhvarayil ninnu teamukal onniladhikam boraxukal valicherinju. 1898ll pasaphik koost borax avarude borax trainil kayatti ayaykkaan thudangi.
team.
kuthirakalaayirunnu chakravahanangal, avaa randum vaaganinodu ettavum aduthaayirunnu. saadhaaranayaayi vaaganukal pravarthippikkaan aavashyamaaya rund purushanmaaril oraal avaa oodichirunnu, saadhaaranayaayi avarude kovarkazhutha sahodaranmaarekkaal valuthaayirunnu. vaaganukal neengaan thudangunnathinu avarkk valia krooramaaya shakthiyundaayirunnu, koodaathe kanatha vaagan naavinte thalarchaye neridaan kazhiyumaayirunnu, ennaal kovarkazhuthakal kooduthal smartaayirunnu, marubhoomiyile saahacharyangalil jolie cheyyaan kooduthal anuyojyamaayirunnu. charithratheyum charithraatheethakaalatheyum kurichulla anchaam marana thaazhvara sammelanathil", rund lekhanangal kovarkazhuthakaludeyum kuthirakaludeyum upayogathekkurichulla prathyeka vishadaamshangalumaayi mojaaveyile charakk pravartthanangal charcha cheythu. oof miths aandu menn verthirikkunna vasthuthayil ninnu fiction inn dhaa twenty myool team stori" enna pusthakatthil, teamukale engane kootticherkkukayum pariseelippikkukayum upayogikkukayum cheythuvennu ezhuthukaaran tedu fave charcha cheythu. "marubhoomi mekhalayiludaneelam charakk athikkunna remi nadevinte charitraparamaaya nettangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla "nadevinte charakk teamukal", pothuvaaya upayogathinaayi kovarkazhuthakalude menmayekkurichu kooduthal ulkkaazhcha nalkunnu.
jerk line" ennariyappedunna orotta neenda niyanthranavum neenda black snake vippinte sahayavum upayogichu teamster teamine oodichu. teamster saadhaaranayaayi idathu wheeler oodichirunnuvenkilum kuthaneyulla erangunna sthalangalil break pravarthippichukondu trailer seettil ninnu drive cheyyaanum addehathinu kazhiyumaayirunnu. chathupp saadhaaranayaayi trailer oodikkaarundengilum malayora rajyath break varkk cheyyaan labhyamaya back aakshanil addeham undaayirikkum. traileril ninnu, cheria paarakalude oru canumaayi, addehathinu ashradhayode oru kovarkazhuthaye valicheriyaanum athu joliyilekku thirike ayaykkaanum kazhiyum. teamine thayyarakkuka, kovarkazhuthakalkku bhakshanam nalkuka, vellam nalkuka, eathenkilum mrugasamrakshanamo attakutappanikalo nadathendathu enniva iruvarkkum utharavaadithamaayirunnu. kovarkazhuthakalkku bhakshanam nalkunnathinum vellam nalkunnathinum uchakazhinju oru stopp undaayirunnu. ratri stoppukalil kovarkazhuthakalkulla koralukalum pheed boxukalum undaayirunnu. oru divasathe yaatra sharashari ekadesham, kaalukal muthal kaalukal vare alpam vyathyaasappedunnu. oru vazhikk oru yaatra nadatthaan ekadesham patthu divasamedutthu. ratri stoppukalil drivermaarudeyum chathuppukaarudeyum upayogathinaayi kambani cabinukal nirmmichu.
sthaanakkayattavum prasasthiyum.
borax smith" ennariyappettirunna francis marian smith pasaphik borax sthaapichu. 1939 septambaril "desert magazin" prasidheekaricha "buckboard days inn borettu" enna lekhanathil cora keegle thante charithram vivarichu. smith oru mikacha promoteraayirunnu, koodaathe drivermaare jerk-line teamukalumaayi mejar yuu. yilek ayachu.ezz. soujanya saambilukal upayogichu kambaniyude alakkal uthppannam prothsaahippikkunnathi nagarangal. exhibition teamukal saadhaaranayaayi pramoshan moolyathinaayi kovarkazhuthakalaayirunnu, ennaal yadhaartha upayogathil wheel hozhs oru saadhaarana sanbradaayamaanennu smith vishadeekarichu. kambanikku vendi puram kararukar saadhaaranayaayi mixed teamukale upayogichirunnu.
desert usa websaittile parasya prachaaranatthinte uthbhavathekkurich joou sentnar "marana thaazhvarayile irupathu kovarkazhuthakalude teamukalil" ezhuthi. munbu kambaniyude ratri kaavalkkaaranaayirunna bill parkinson "borax bill" enna punk nalkiyappol teamine engane nayikkanamennu vegathil padikkendivannu. aaa peril ariyappedunna aadyatheyaalaayirunnu addeham, pakshe avasaanatheyaalalla. 1904 sent. luis waled fair teaminte kanni prakadanamaayirunnu, paarkkinsan paryadanatthinu pookunnathra vijayamayirunnu.
oduvil broadwayiloode sanjarichukondu team newyork nagaratthilekku ethi. aaa pradarshanatthinu sesham, kovarkazhuthakal vilkkukayum vaaganukal kaaliforniyayilekku thirike ayaykkukayum cheythu. golden gettu bridge samarppanathilum kovarkazhuthakal prathyakshappettu, "avasana sawari, borax irupathu kovarkazhutha team 1883-1999".
1940 juun maasatthile "desert magazin" pathippile oru hraswa inathil yadhaartha borax vaaganukalil randennam newyork waled fairilekkulla yaathrayilaanennu paraamarshichu. 1917ll kaaliforniyayile ookklaandil ninnu newyork nagaratthilekku rund varshathe yaathrayil oru yadhaartha vaagan sanjarichathaayi myoolaskinnar "borax bill" paarkkinsan ezhuthiya kurippodeyanu eee inam pinthudarnnathu. deth vaaliyilekkulla holsil myool team aanukaalikamaayi veendum prathyakshappettu.
1958ll irupathu kovarkazhuthakalude oru samgham yuu. yile puthiya kuzhiyil ninnu pratheekaathmakamaayi oru valicherinju.ezz. bhoogarbha khananathil ninnu thuranna kuzhikalilekkulla parivartthanatthe anusmarippikkunna borax. irupathu kovarkazhuthakalude teamukalkkaayulla mattu malsarangalil 1917-ll president vilsante udghaadanavum ulppedunnu.
1999 januvari 1 nuu nadanna rooss paredil oru auttingode pramoshanal team avatharanangal avasaanichu. 1998ll kaaliforniyayile boronilundaaya oru paredil team oru shakedown outtu nadatthi. 115 varsham pazhakkamulla vaaganukal punarnirmmikkaanum haarnesukalum kovarkazhuthakalum vaangaanum kambani 100,000 dollar chelavazhichu. kambanikku inii oru chillara uthppanna nira illaathathinaal parasya aavasyangalkkaayi adhika pothu prathyakshathaykku padhathikalonnumillaayirunu.
yuu.ezz. borax "dhii laast raidu, dhii borax twenty myool team <aii. dii. 1>" enna peril oru paperback prasidheekaranam puratthirakki, athil teaminte charithrathekkurichum rooss paredu outtinginulla thayyaareduppinekkurim niravadhi vishadaamshangal ulppedunnu. newyork nagaratthile broadwayil ellah mrugangalilum manikalulla borax billinte foto undu. mikkappozhum nethaakkal maathramaan munny dharichirunnathu. 1917ll saan fraansiskoyil undaayirunna teamine mattoru chithram kaanikkunnu. eee chithram kuthirappurathulla teamistine vyakthamaayi kaanikkunnu. mattoru charitraparamaaya chithram kuthirakaludeyum kovarkazhuthakaludeyum mishrithathodukoodiya oru borax charakk samghathe kaanikkunnu.
kaaliforniyayude charitraparamaaya naazhikakkall.
kaaliforniyayile oru charitraparamaaya landmark nambaraanu myool team borax terminus. myool team borax terminus sthithicheyyunnathu ippol kaaliforniyayile mojaaveyile 16246 siyara haiveyilaanu. 1958 juulai 1 nuu kaaliforniyaykku charitraparamaaya naazhikakkall padavi nalki.
irupathu kovarkazhuthakalude samghathe ayiru valichedukkaan upayogichu. 
<bii. aarr.>

