
fraansile mathetharathvam

 fraansile mathetharathvathinte bharanaghadanaa thathwamaanu ('mathetharathvam'). franch bharanaghadanayude article 1 saadhaaranayaayi sarkkar kaaryangalil, prathyekichu samsthaana nayangal nirnnayikkunnathil mathaparamaya swaadheenathe niruthsaahappeduthunnathi vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu. mathaparamaya kaaryangalil sarkkar edapedunnathum mathanirnnayathil sarkkar swaadheenam cheluthunnathum ithu vilakkunnu. fraansile mathetharathvathil mathatthinte swathanthramaaya prayogatthinulla avakashavum ulppedunnu.
franch mathetharathvathinu oru neenda charithramunda kazhinja noottaandil, franch sarkkar nayam 1905 leeii pallikalum bharanakoodavum verthirikkunnathinekkur franch niyamathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, ennirunnaalum ithu alsaysinum mosellinum baadhakamalla. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal catholica sabhayude swaadheenathil ninnu pothu sthaapanangalude swaathanthryathe soochippikkaan "laisit" enna padam upayogikkunnundengil, innathe ashayam mattu matha prasthaanangaleyum ulkkollunnu.
ashayam.
"laisite" ennathu matham ulppedunnuvennu anuyaayikal vishwasikkunna swakaarya jeevithavum, oro vyakthiyum matellaa pouranmaarkkum thulyanaaya oru lalitha pouranaayi kaanappedenda pothumekhalayum thammilulla vibhajanathe aasrayichirikkunnu, oru vamseeya, matha, allengil mattu prathyekathakalkku oonnal nalkaathe. eee ashayam anusarichu, mathasidhaanthangalil nilapad sweekarikkunnathil ninnu sarkkar vittunilkkukayum nivaasikalude jeevithathil avayude praayogika prathyaaghaathangalkku maathram mathaparamaya vishayangal pariganikkukayum venam.
sarkkaarinteyum rashtreeya prashnangaludeyum vishayam mathasamghadanakalil ninnum mathaparamaya vishayangalil ninnum verittunirthanam (randaamathethu sradheyamaaya saamoohika prathyaaghaathangal undaakkaathidatholam kaalam) enna vishwaasamaayaanu ithine ettavum nannayi visheshippikkunnathu. mathasamghadanakalil ninnulla eathenkilum tharatthilulla edapedalukalil ninnu sarkkaarine samrakshikkunnathinum rashtreeya kalahangalil ninnum vivaadangalil ninnum mathasamghadanaye samrakshikkunnathinum ithu uddeshichullathaanu.
franch rashtra mathetharathvam yadhaarthathil chinthaaswaathanthryathodum mathaswaathanthryathodumal bahumaanathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane avakaashappedunna "laisit" ennathu eathenkilum mathavumaayi bandhappett sarkkaarinte shathruthaye soochippikkunnillenna vakthaakkal vaadikkunnu. athinaal, oru raashtramathathinte abhavavum thudarnnu rashtravum sabayum verthirikkappedunnathum atharam swaathanthryangalkku oru munvyavasthayaayi prathipaadakar kanakkakkunnu. 
mathathinteyum purohitharudeyum swaadheenathe sajeevamaayi ethirkkunna purohithavirudhathayil ninnu "laisit" vyathyasthamaanennu vakthaakkal vaadikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, "laisite" yude vimarshakar ithu purohithavirudhathayudeyum mathaparamaya aavishkaarathinulla vyakthigatha avakaashathinte lamghanathinteyum veshammattiya roopamaanennu vaadikkunnu. chinthaaswaathanthryavum mathaswaathanthryavum prolsaahippikkunnathi, athu vishwasi thante matham paalikkunnathil ninnu thadayunnuvennu vimarshakar vaadikkunnu.
mattoru vimarsanam, charitraparamaayi oru mathapaarambaryam aadhipathyam pulartthunna rajyangalil, mathaparamaya kaaryangalil oru nilapaadum edukkunnathu audyogikamaayi ozhivaakkunnath aaa raajyathinte prabalamaaya mathapaarambaryam anukoolikkunnu ennathaanu. nilavile franch anchaam republicil (1958-) polum, school avadhidinangal kooduthalum kristhyan aradhana varshathe pinthudarunnu, athil chrismas avadhidinangalum ulppedunnu; ennirunnaalum eesttar avadhi divasangalkku pakaram eesttar ulppedukayo ulppedaathirikkukayo cheiyunna vasanthakala avadhi divasangal nalkiyittundu, ithu aradhana kalandarile vyathiyaanangale aasrayichirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, schoolukal deerghakaalamaayi vidyaarthikalkku avarude prathyeka bhooripakshamallaatha mathangalude pradhana avadhidinangalkkaayi avadhi nalkiyittundu, secondary skoolukalil vilambunna bhakshana menukal oro matha nireekshakanum bhakshanavumayi bandhapetta thante mathatthinte prathyeka niyanthranangale maanikkunnuvenn urappakkunnathil prathyeka shradha nalkunnu.
charithram.
franch vaakk lattinil ninnaan vannath, ithu greekkil ninnu kadamedutha padamaanu (, 'janangalude'), athil ninnu thanne (, 'aalukal'). franch suffix engleeshinu thulyamaanu.
republicanmaar samsthaanathinte niyanthranam nediyathinushesham franch moonnaam republic muthal vikasikkaan thudangiya franch viplavathil veroonniya oru aashayamaanu mathetharathvam. 
eee padam yadhaarthathil "laitti" enna padatthinu thulyamaaya franch padamaayirunnu (i.iii.purohithanmaarallaattha ellaavarum), viplavathinushesham eee ardham maarukayum sarkkaarinte executive, judicial, legislative shaakhakalil ninnu mathathe verittunirthunnathine soochippikkukayum cheythu. oru rashtramatham undaayirikkunnathinum eathenkilum mathathe pinthunaykkunnathinum sarkkar earppeduthiyittulla nirodhanangal ithil ulppedunnu, athu oru mathamo nireeshwaravaadamo aakatte.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal, catholica sabha athinte swaadheenam nilanirtthiya raajyangalkkidayil-sabhayude swaadheenathil ninnu pothu sthaapanangalude (prathyekichu primery schoolukal) swaathanthryam ennartham varunna mathetharavalkkarana prakriyayude pashchaathalatthil "laisit" enna vaakk upayogikkunnu. innu, eee ashayam mattu matha prasthaanangaleyum ulkkollunnu.
franch viplavakaalath mathetharathvam aadyamaayi roopappettu 1789 augustil purathana bharanathinte nirmmaarjjanathodoppam mathaparamaya aanukoolyangalude avasaanavum 1789 leeii manushyarudeyum pouranmaarudeyum avakaashangalude prakhyapanam prakadippichathum thulya avakashangalum ulppedeyulla saarvathrika thathwangalude sthireekaranavum undaayi. 1958 october 4-leeii bharanaghadanayude aamukhathil manushyarudeyum pouranmaarudeyum avakashangal prakhyaapikkunna grandhangal ulppeduthiyittundu. avayil "avarude prakadanangal niyamaprakaaram sthaapithamaaya pothu kramatthe thadassappeduthunnille, aarum addehathinte abhipraayangalekkurichu vishamikkendathilla, mathaparamaayava polum" enna prakhyaapanatthinte article 10 ulppedunnu."
1882 march 28,1886 october 30 ennee maasangalile niyamangal yathaakramam mathaparamaya daarmikathayum vyakthikaludeyum paripaadikaludeyum mathetharathvavum padippikkunnathinu pakaram "dhaarmikavum pouravumaaya prabodhanam" sthaapichathumuthal pothu vidyaabhyaasam mathetharamaanu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil mathetharathwa niyamangal kramena catholica sabhayumaayulla charitraparamaaya bandhangalil ninnu samsthaanathe verthirikkukayum republican saarvathrikathayude thathwangalil nirmmicha puthiya saamoohika-rashtreeya moolyangal srishtikkukayum cheythu. aadunikathayumaayi bandhapetta oru valia prasthaanatthil nadanna eee prakriya, raashtreeyavum saamoohikavumaaya aditharakale punarnirvachikkaan franch janataye chumathalappedutthi executive, niyamanirmmaana, judicial adikaarangal; samsthaanathinte samghadana, athinte gadakangal, praathinidhyam; vidyaabhyaasa sambradaayam, sivil jeevithathinte achaarangal, niyamathinteyum daarmmikathayudeyum vikasanam; mathavishwaasangal pariganikkathe. pothuvaaya, mathethara, nirbandhitha vidyaabhyaasam (jools ferry niyamangal) sthaapich school samvidaanathinte samghadanaye shradheyamaayi punarnirmmichu. jools ferry niyamangal (1881-1882) praadhamika vidyaabhyaasa samghadanayekkurichulla (1886 ll sthaapithamaayathu) anubandhamaanu, athinte article 17 pothu skoolukalile vidyaabhyaasam mathethara jeevanakkaare maathram ealppikkunnuvennu nalkunnu. 1905ll sabhakaleyum bharanakoodatheyum verthirikkunna niyamathode eee prakriya avasaanichu, ithu mathetharathvathe urappichu.
1905 leeii niyamavum 1946-1958-nte bharanaghadanayum.
pathonpathaam noottaandiludaneelam eee padam nilavilundaayirunnuvena, 1905 ll pallikalum bharanakoodavum verthirikkunnathinekkur niyamam pasakkunnathuvare france pally samsthaanatheyum poornnamaayum verthirichilla, eathenkilum mathathe amgeekarikkunnathino dhanasahayam nalkunnathino sarkkaarine vilakkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, 1905 leeii niyamam "laisit" enna vaakk thanne upayogichilla, athinaal oru niyama thathwamenna nilayil "laisit" enna ashayam chodyam cheyyaan thurannirikkunnu, kaaranam ithu orikkalum oru niyamatthinte paatam nirvachichittilla. 1946leeii bharanaghadana (i.iii., franch naalaamathe republic; "konstityooshan dii 1946, ivu republic") niyamaparamaaya prabhavam ulkkollunna oru bharanaghadanaa thathwamaayi eee vaakk vyakthamaayi prathyakshappettu, pakshe kooduthal vyakthamaakkathe. fraansile ellah mathaparamaya kettidangalum (kooduthalum catholica pallikal, protestant chaappalukal, jootha sinagogukal) sitti kaunsilukalude swathaayi maari. avarkk ippol (palappozhum charitraparamaaya) kettidangal paripaalikkenda baadhyathayund, pakshe avaa upayogikkunna mathasamghadanakalkku subsidy nalkaan kazhiyilla. akkaalat germmaniyude bhagamaayirunnathum 1918 vare francilake madangaathathumaaya pradeshangalil, sabhayudeyum bharanakoodatthinteyum sahakaranathinulla chila krameekaranangal innum praabalyatthil undu (alsays-moselle kaanuka).
1958-leeii bharanaghadana-innuvare.
franch bharanaghadanayile oru pradhana aashayamaanu mathetharathwam france oru mathethara republicanennu article 1 aupachaarikamaayi prasthaavikkunnu ("laa france esttu yunn republic indivijibil, like, demookratik ettu soshyal").
nilavile avasthayum charchayum.
1905 leeii niyamathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla niravadhi nayangaliloodeyaanu fraansil "laisit" enna thathwam nadappilaakkunnathu. eathenkilum "mathathe" amgeekarikkunnathil ninnu franch sarkkaarine niyamaparamaayi nirodhichirikkunnu (sainika chaapleynukalude paarambarya niyamangalum alsays-moselleyude praadeshika niyamavum ozhike). pakaram, mathasidhaanthathe abhisambodhana cheyyaatha aupachaarika niyamaparamaaya maanadandangalkkanusarichu "mathasamghadanakale" athu amgeekarikkunnu
franch rashtreeya nethaakkal, mathaparamaya paraamarshangal nadathunnathil ninnu oru tharatthilum vilakkappettittille, kooduthalum athil ninnu vittunilkkunnu. mathaparamaya parigananakal yukthisahamaya rashtreeya charchakalumaayi poruthappedunnillenna pothuve kanakkaakkappedunnu. rashtreeya nethaakkalkku oru mathavum aacharikkan anuvaadamilla, avarude rashtreeya vaadangalil ninnu eathu mathavishwaasatheyum verthirikkumennu prathekshikkunnu. pankaalikalude lingabhedam pariganikkathe labhyamaya niyamaparamaaya aabhyanthara pankaalitthatthinethire mathaparamaya adisthaanathil parasyamaayi vaadicha kristeen boatin, vaikathe ratri haasya thamaashakalude adimayaayi maari.
oraalude mathathodu vivekathode perumaarunnath franch aayirikkunnathinte anivaarya bhaagamaanenn palarum kandethunnu, ithu chila kristhyan ithara kudiyettakkaarumaayi, prathyekichu fraansile valia musleem janasamkhyayude oru bhagavumaayi idaykkide bhinnippin kaaranamaayi. athinaal, eathenkilum mathaparamaya vasthrangalo vyakthikalude pradarshanangalo (udha.jii.islaamik hijab, sikh thalappavu, kristhyan kurishukal, david, kippa ennivayude jootha nakshathrangal) enniva pothu skoolukalil ninnu nirodhikkanam. fraansil atharamoru nirodhanam 2004 ll praabalyatthil vannu. 2011 leeii vasanthakaalath, audyogika noonn-discrimination ejansiyaaya laa halde, aashupathrikalil "laisite" shakthippeduthi-aabhyanthara mantri claude gyoond vaadichathupole-pothuve pothu sevanathilum. parambaraagatha protestantinteyum catholica lent prabhaashanangaludeyum (1946 muthal pravartthikkunna) oresamayam prakshepanam thadassappettu. neratthe russian oorthadoox chrismus ratri aaraadhanaakramathinte prakshepanavum januvari 6-7 nuu nirtthivachirunnu. 
1905leeii niyamathil ninnu aarambhicha sabhayey bharanakoodatheyum karsanamaayi verthirikkunnathu chila mathanethaakkal rashtreeya krithyathayude oru roopamaayi kaanukayum athu mathathe pothu kaaryangalil konduvarunnathine oru pradhana nishidhamaakki maattukayum cheythu."muun president nicolas sarkosi thudakkathil eee sameepanathe" "negatteevu" "laisite" "ennu vimarsikkukayum franch samskaarathinum charithrathinum samoohathinum vishwaasathinte sambhavanaye amgeekarikkukayum pothu vyavahaarathil vishwaasam anuvadikkukayum vishwaasathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla grouppukalkku sarkkar subsidikal praapthamaakkukayum cheiyunna oru" "positteev" "laisite" "vikasippikkaan aagrahikkukayum cheythu". fraansile pradhana mathangal franch samoohathinu nalkia gunaparamaaya sambhavanakalaayi sarkosi kandu. 2007 desemberil addeham marpappa sandarshikkukayum fraansinte kristhyan verukal parasyamaayi amgeekarikkukayum, chinthaaswaathanthryathin praadhaanyam uyarthikkattukayum, vishwaasam pothumekhalayilekku madangivaranamennu vaadikkukayum cheythu. 2008 septambar 12nuu, "laisite" yude parishkaranatthinte aavasyakathayekkurichulla sarkosiyude kaazhchappaadukalkk anusrithamaayi, sabayum bharanakoodavum thammilulla bandhathekkurichulla charcha punaravalokanam cheyyaanulla samayamaanithenn benedict pathinaraman marpappa paranju, "laisite" yude "aarogyakaramaya" roopathe vaadikkunnu. sarkosiyumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthiya addeham paranju vaasthavathil, oru vashath, pouranmaarude mathaswaathanthryavum avarodu bharanakoodatthinte utharavaadithavum samrakshikkunnathinaayi rashtreeya mekhalayum mathavum thammilulla vyathyasam nirbandhikkunnathu adisthaanaparamaanu.... maruvashathu, manassaakshiyude roopeekaranathil mathatthinte maattaanaavaatha pankinekkurichum samoohathinullil oru adisthaana dhaarmika samavayam srishtikkunnathinu athu nalkaan kazhiyunna sambhavanakalekkurichum kooduthal bodhavaanmaaraayirikkendath pradhaanamaan.2009ll fraansil burkhaye "swaagathaarhamalla" ennu parasyamaayi prakhyapikkukayum athu niyamavirudhamaakkunnathinu niyamanirmmaanathe anukoolikkukayum cheytha sarkosi franch samoohathil mathatthinte sthaanam maatti. 2010 februvariyil, burkha dharicha rund perkku oru poost offeesinte suraksha vaathilukal muzhuvan moodupadam dharichu kadannupokaan kazhinju, athinusesham iruvarum thala moodithottikal neekkam cheyyukayum thokku purathedukkukayum poost oafees pidichedukkukayum cheythu. 2011 maarchinethudarnnu, franch presidentinte agrahaprakaaram "laisite" enna vishayathil oru charcha nadathunnathinulla uchithathayekkurich praadeshika thiranjeduppukalil bharana ambiyarmaarkkidayil sakthamaaya viyojip prathyakshappettu. 2011 march 30 nuu, atharamoru charchayude uchithathaye ethirthu 6 mathasamghadanakalude prathinidhikal oppitta oru kathu "laa chroixil" prathyakshappettu.
2011 epril 11 nuu rashtreeya partykaludeyum sarkosiyudeyum sakthamaaya pinthunayode oru niyamam pasaki, ithu pothusthalangalil mukham maraykkunnath niyamavirudhamaakki, fraansile eathaanum ayiram sthreekale nikhaabum burkhayum darikkunnath baadhichu. 
fraansinte burkini nirodanangalum mathethara nayangalum fraansil mathaparamaya akramathinu kaaranamaayathaayi pandithanaaya oliviyar rooy vaadichu, atharamoru nayangalillaattha brittan 2017 ll fraansinekkaal kooduthal akramanangal nerittittundennu gilles kepel prathikarichu.
lebanesil janicha franch ezhuthukaaranaaya aamin maloof fraansinte rashtreeya ghadanaye yadhaarthathil mathetharamaanennu visheshippikkunnathine vimarsikkukayum abhipraayappedukayum cheythu..mathetharathvam ennu svayam visheshippikkunna oru raajyathin engane thante pouranmaaril chilare 'franch muslimkal' ennu vilikkaanum avar thante mathathilppettavaraayathukonda avarude avakashangalil chilath illaathaakkaanum kazhiyumennu enikku orikkalum manassilakunnilla." 
mattu raajyangalude swaadheenam.
mathetharathvathinte roopangalulla mattu rajyangal franch maathruka pinthudarnnu-udaaharanangalil albania, meksikoo, turkey enniva ulppedunnu.
cubec (canada).
kaanadayile franch samsaarikkunna eaka pravisyayaaya cubeckile pothuprasamgatthe 1960kall muthal fraansinte mathetharathvam valareyadhikam swaadheenichittundu. eee samayathinu munbu, kwebekkine valare shradhayulla oru catholica samoohamaayi kaanapettirunnu, avide catholica matham oru "yadhaartha" rashtra mathamaayirunnu. cubec pinneedu nishabda viplavam ennu vilikkappedunna druthagathiyilulla mathetharathvathinte oru kaalaghattatthinu vidheyamaayi. cubec raashtreeyakkaar americaykku samanamaaya kaanadayude mattu bhagangalekkaal mathetharathvathekkurichu kooduthal franch shailiyilulla dhaarana sweekarikkaan pravanatha kaanikkunnu. mathanyoonapakshangalude "nyayamaaya thaamasoukaryam" enthaanennathinekkurichu charchaykkidayilaanu ithu purathuvannathu.
2013 septambaril, cubec sarkkar bill 60 nirddeshichu, "samsthaana mathetharathvathinteyum mathaparamaya nishpakshathayudeyum moolyangal sthireekarikkukayum sthreekalum purushanmaarum thammilulla samathvam urappikkukayum thaamasa abhyarthanakalkku oru chattakkood nalkukayum cheiyunnu."mathaparamaya munganana parasyamaayi soochippikkunna vasthukkal dharikkunnathil ninnu pothu jeevanakkaare vilakkunnathinayi bill pravishya manushyavakaasha niyamathil maattam varuthum. hijab dharicha musleem sthreekal, kippa dharicha jootha purushanmaar, thalappavu dharicha sikh purushanmaar (allengil sthreekal) ennivaraayirikkum atharamoru niyamam ettavum kooduthal badhikkuka. niyamam paalikkaatha jeevanakkaare joliyil ninnu pirichuvidum. bill nirddeshicha partyaya party cubecois 2014 leeii thiranjeduppil billine ethirtha cubec liberal party (bhooripaksham nediya) parajayappettu. thalphalamaayi, bill 'maricha' aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
2019ll, premiier francois legoltinte caq sarkkar, balaprayoga adhikaarasthaanangalile pothu udyogasthare eathenkilum mathachihnangal dharikkukayo pradarshippikkukayo cheiyunnathu nirodhikkunna mathethara niyamamaya bill 21 pasaki. ennirunnaalum, aashupathrikal polulla pothu sthaapanangalil ottichirikkunna mathachihnangalude pradarshanam oro bharanakoodatthinum theerumaanikkaan vidum. kaapatyatthinte aaropanangale prathirodhikkunnathinaayi, cubec deseeya asambliyile crusical neekkam cheythu.
meksikoo.
catholica sabha sakthamaaya swaadheenam nilanirtthiyenkilum franch "laisit" meksikkoyude bharanaghadanaye swaadheenichu. 2010 maarchil, chamber prathinidhikal meksikkan sarkkaarine aupachaarikamaayi 'lyco' akkunnathinaayi bharanaghadana bhedagathi cheiyunnathinulla niyamanirmmanam avatharippichu-athaayath 'leeii' allengil 'mathetharathvam'. bhedagathiye chuttipattiyulla pashchaathalam soochippikkunnathu mathaswaathanthryathinum sabhayey bharanakoodatheyum yadhaarthamaayi verthirikkunnathinum ithu oru chuvaduveppayirikkaam" ennaanu neekkathe vimarshikkunnavarude abhiprayam.
garbhachhidram niyamavidheyamaakkunnathilum svavargavivaahangal, meksikoo sittiyile datthedukkal ennivayekkurichulla sabhayude shabdaparamaaya ethirppinte thottupinnaale, "athinte anuyaayikalude chila prasthaavanakalodoppam, pothu naya charchakalil earppedaanulla catholica sabhayude kazhivine adichamarthaanulla sramamaayirikkaam ithu ennu soochippikkunnu."mathaparamaya adichamarthalukaludeyum peedanangaludeyum charitramaanu mexicoic ullathu. upayogapradar, niraakaranavaadikal, muthalaalikal, soshyalistukal ennivarkkellaam avarude thathwachintha pothujeevithatthil konduvaraan kazhiyum, ennaal catholicar (allengil mathanyoonapakshangal) avarude matham vaathilkkal parisodhikkanam" enna ashayam bhedagathiyude vimarshakar nirasikkunnu.
turkey.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil mustafa kemal attaatturkkinte turkish viplavam muthal turkkiyil mathetharathvathinte sakthamaaya nilapad (turkisha "lyclic") aadhipathyam pularthunnundu. 1924 march 3nuu turkey khilaafat sanbradaayathe neekkam cheyyukayum athinusesham kramena ellah mathaparamaya swaadheenavum samsthaanathu ninnu neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu. bhooripaksha mathamaaya sunni islam ippol mathakaarya vakuppiloode turkey sarkkar niyanthrikkunnu, mattu mathangalkko vibhagangalkko mathakaryangalil swaathanthryamullappol sarkkar dhanasahayam nalkunnu. raashtreeyamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna islaamika kaazhchappaadukal mathetharathwa thathwathinu anusrithamaayi sensor cheyyappedunnu.
eee turkish laisit sambradaayam sarkkaarilum mathamekhalayilum vyaapichukidakkunnu. sarkkar dhanasahaayathode nadakkunna ellah pallikalileyum prathivaara prabhaashanangalude ulladakkam sarkkar amgeekarikkanam. koodaathe, swatantra sunni samoohangalum niyamavirudhamaanu. armeniyan allengil greak yaadhaasthithikatha polulla nyoonapaksha mathangalkk bharanaghadana "vyakthigatha" vishwaasangalaayi urappunalkunnu, avaa kooduthalum sahikkappedunnu, ennaal eee urappu musleem ulppedeyulla eathenkilum "mathasamoohangalkku" oru avakashavum nalkunnilla. lusanne udambadi joothanmaarkkum greekkukalkkum armeniyakkaarkkum chila mathaparamaya avakashangal nalkunnundengilum, udaaharanathinu, syrian-oorthoodoox allengil roman catholicarc allah, kaaranam karaaril randaamathethu rashtreeya punk vahichilla ennathaanu turkeyude kaazhchappaad. ennirunnaalum, lossan udambadi eathenkilum desheeyathayo vamsheeyathayo vyakthamakkunnilla, mathramalla pothuve amuslimkale thirichariyunnu.
aduthide, isthaanbulinaduthulla haibeli dveepil greak oorthadoox seminari punasthaapikkaanulla aagraham europian union amgathvathilekkulla turkeyude praveshanavumaayi bandhappett oru rashtreeya prashnamaayi maari. atharam nirodhanam mathaswaathanthryathe adichamarthunnathinu thulyamaanennu europian union kanakkakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, oru school veendum thurakkaan greak yaadhaasthithikathaye anuvadikkukayaanenkil athu oru swatantra mathavidyaalayathinulla avakashamulla turkeyile eaka mathamaayi maarumennu choondikkaanikkappedunnu.
americayumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyumbol.
american aikyanaadukalil, bharanaghadanayude aadya bhedagathiyil samanamaaya oru federal ashayam adangiyirikkunnu, ennirunnaalum "laisitti" enna padam bharanaghadanayilo mattevideyengilum upayogichittilla, vaasthavathil europian mathetharathvathe american mathetharathvavumaayi thaarathamyam cheiyunna oru padamaayi ithu upayogikkunnu. mathatthinte "swathanthramaaya prayogatthil" kongras sarkkar edapedal nirodhikkunna khandangalum matham sthaapikkunnathumaayi bandhapetta kongras niyamangalum aaa bhedagathiyil ulppedunnu. thudakkathil ithu federal gavanmentine sarkkar sthaapicha mathangalil edapedunnathil ninnu thadanju. ennaal pathinalam bhedagathikkushesham, eee vyavasthakal federal, samsthaana sarkkaarukalkk baadhakamaanennu kodathikal vidhichu. swatantra vyayaama khandam", "sthaapana khandam" enniva orumichu "sabhayey samsthaanatheyum verthirikkunnathu" poortthiyaakkunnathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu."
ennirunnaalum, pothusthalangalilo pothupravartthakarudeyo mathaparamaya perumaattatthe thadayunnathinaayalla verthiriv vyaapippichirikkunnath. american president vareyulla pothupravartthakar palappozhum mathavishwaasathinte prakhyapanangal nadathunnu. american aikyanaadukalile kongrasinteyum mikka samsthaana niyamasabhakaludeyum irusabhakaludeyum sessionukal saadhaaranayaayi eathenkilum vishwaasamulla oru manthriyude praarthanayodo mattodo aarambikkunnu, washington disiyile mikka raashtreeyakkaarum muthirnna pothupravartthakarum allengilum vaarshika roman catholica chuvanna kurbanayil pankedukkunnu. avarude vyakthiparamaaya mathavishwaasangal pariganikkathe thanne mathaa apposthalan. fraansil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, pothu skoolukalil mathaparamaya chinnangal darikkunnath yuu. esile niyamathinteyum samskaarathinteyum kaaryamenna nilayil valia thothil tharkkamillaathathaanu.ezz.vivaadangal undaayittulla pradhana kesukal eee reethi apakadakaramaakumbozhaanu (udaaharanathinu, pothusthalangalil sikh "kirpan" katthi darikkunnath), ennittum eee prashnam saadhaaranayaayi eee reethi anuvadikkunnathinu anukoolamaayi pariharikkappedunnu. koodaathe, yuu.ezz. mathasthaapanangale avarude rashtreeya pankaalitthatthinu parimithikalkk vidheyamaayi nikuthi ozhivakkappetta laabhechayillaathavayaayi sarkkar kanakkakkunnu. europil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, chila ozhivaakkalukal undengilum (udha.jii. oru saamskaarika samghathinte mathaparamaya avadhidinathinulla amgeekaaram). koodaathe, mathathe sarkkar amgeekarikkunnathaayi kaanaan kazhiyunna pothu skoolukalilum mattu sarkkar nadathunna pradeshangalilum yunaittad stetts supreme kodathi eathenkilum pravartthanam nirodhichu.
franch thathwachinthakanum saarvathrika manushyavakaasha prakhyaapanatthinte saha-drafterumaaya jackwus maaritteyn, oru bhakthanaya catholica mathaparivarthanavum franch laisitteyude vimarsakanum, fraansilum irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathil amerikkayilum kaanapedunna maathrkakal thammilulla vyathyasam rekhappeduthi.
akkaalathe yuu. ezz. maathruka kooduthal souhaarddaparamaanennu addeham kanakkakki, kaaranam athinu sabayum bharanakoodavum thammil "moorchayulla vyathyasavum yadhaartha sahakaranavum" undaayirunnu, athine addeham "charitraparamaaya nidhi" ennu vilikkukayum americaye udbodhippikkukayum cheythu, "ningal athu shradhaapoorvvam sookshikkanamennu daivathodu abhyarthikkukayum cheyyuka, ningalude verthirikkal enna ashayam europian modalilekku neengaan anuvadikkaruthu."

