
brettu samavaakyam

dirac samavaakyathe adisthaanamaakki 1929 ll gregory britt uruthirinja oru aapekshika taranga samavaakyamaan breet samavaakyam, ithu rando athiladhikamo valia spin-1/2 kanangale (electronukal, udaaharanathinu) vaidyuthakaanthikamaayi perterbation sidhaanthathile aadya kramavumaayi edapazhakunnathine aupachaarikamaayi vivarikkunnu. ithu kanthika edapedalukalkkum "1/c2" enna kramatthile mandagathiyilulla falangalkkum kaaranamaakunnu. mattu kwaandam electrodynamic efakttukal valare kuravaayirikkumbol, eee samavaakyam pareekshanavumaayi nalla yojippinu phalangal nalkumennu theliyikkappettittund. ithu yadhaarthathil darvin lagranchian enna padatthil ninnaan uruthirinjathenkilum pinneedu wheeler-fineman absorber sidhaanthavum oduvil kwaandam electrodynamics ithu sharivachu.
aamukham.
brettu samavaakyam kwaandam mekkaaniksinte kaaryatthil oru ekadesha kanakk mathramalla, laurents parivarthanavumaayi bandhappett poornnamaayum asthiramallaathathinaal aapekshikatha sidhaanthathinte kaaryatthilum ithu oru ekadesha kanakk maathramaan. diarac samavaakyam cheiyunnathupole, athu nucleusine athu vivarikkunna kanangalude baahyakshethrathinte pooyint uravidangalaayi kanakkakkunnu. n" kanangale sambandhichidatholam, breet samavaakyathin oru roopamundu ("i", "j" ennee kanikakal thammilulla dooramaanu "rj"):
 + \sum _ {i> j} \hat {b} _ {ij} \reft) \psi </math>
soothravaakyam _ 1 evide
r "i" enna sthaanathulla kanika "i"-nuu diarac hamiltonian (diarac samavaakyam kaanuka), aaa sthaanathulla scaler pottensial "φ" (r "i") aanu; "qi" ennathu kanikayude chaarjaan, athinaal electronukalkku "qi" = − "e".
kanangalude oru electron diarac haamiltoniyanukalum avayude thalkshana coolomb edapedalukal 1/"rij" umm chernnu "diarac-coolumb" oopparettar roopappedunnu. ithilekku, breet oopparettare (ippol (freekwansi-indipendant) breet oopparettar ennariyappedunnu) cherthu
soothravaakyam _ 2
electron "i"-nte diarac maatriksukal a ("i") = ["αx" ("i"), "αy" ("i"), "αz" ("i")]. brettu oopparettarile rund padangalum aadya kramatthile mandagathiyilulla falangalkku kaaranamaakunnu.
oro electrone diarac samavaakyathilennapole 4 moolakangalulla oru diarac bispiner vivarikkunnathinaal, breet samavaakyathile taranga function si ennathu 4 "n" moolakangalulla oru spinaraanu, koodaathe motham taranga function ivayude tensor prodakttaanu.
hamiltonukaar.
brettu samavaakyathinte motham hamiltonian, chilappol diarac-colomb-breet hamiltonian ("echdisibi") ennu vilikkappedunnu, vaidyutha, kanthika mandalangalile electronukalkkaayi inipparayunna praayogika oorjja oopparettarmaaraayi vighadippikkaan kazhiyum (brettu-poolii hamiltonian ennum vilikkunnu), avaykku kaanthikakshethrangalumaayu thanmaathrakalude prathipravartthanathil nannayi nirvachikkapetta ardhangalundu (udaaharanathinu nuclear magnetic resonance):
soothravaakyam _ 3
thudarchayaaya bhagika oopparettarmaar ivaraanu
evide formula _ 13 umm formula _ 14 umm booar maagnettan aanu.

