
pilbara

<mapframe vaachakam = "padinjaaran australiyayile pilbara mekhalayude sthaanam."veethi =" "300" "uyaram =" "500" "suum =" "4" "akshaamsham =" "-20.18" "rekhamsham =" "118" "">
</mapframe>
padinjaaran oostreliyayude vadakku bhaagathulla valuthum varandathum janasandrata kuranjathumaaya oru pradesamaanu pilbara (πιλβρα). thaddesheeya janathaykkum purathana bhooprakrithikalkkum chuvanna bhoomikkum vishalamaaya dhaatu nikshepangalkkum, prathyekichu irumbayirkkum ithu ariyappedunnu. bhoogarbha janthujaalangalude aagola jaivavaividhya hotspot koodiyaanithu.
pilbara mekhalayude nirvachanangal.
pilbara" mekhalayude kuranjathu rund pradhanavum ennaal vyathyasthavumaya nirvachanangalenkilum nilavilundu. bharanaparamaayi ithu "regional development commissionukal act 1993" nirvachicha padinjaaran australiyayile ombathu pradeshangalil onnaanu; oostreliyayude (ibra) idakkaala jaiva bhoomishaasthraparamaaya praadeshikavalkkaranathinu keezhil pilbara kuttichedikalude jaivamekhalayeyum (vyapthiyil vyathyasamulla) eee padam soochippikkunnu.
general.
1993 leeii regional development commissions act nirvachichathum saambathika vikasana aavasyangalkkaayi pilbara development kammeeshan niyanthrikkunnathumaaya pilbara mekhalayude janasamkhya 61,688 aanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. bhoomiyile ettavum pazhaya paara roopeekaranangalil chilath ithil ulppedunnu, koodaathe theeradesha samathalangaludeyum paarakkettukalum malanjerivukalumulla parvathanirakaludeyum bhooprakrithiyum ithil ulppedunnu. portt hedlant, kaaratha, neuman ennivayaanu eee mekhalayile pradhana vaasasthalangal. portt hedlant, dampier, portt walcott ennivayaanu eee mekhalayile moonnu pradhana thuramukhangal.
oostreliyayude sambadvyavasthaykku ganyamaaya sambhavana nalkunna petroleum, prakrithivaathakam, irumbayiru ennivayude nikshepathinu perukettathaanu eee pradesham. khananam koodaathe idaya pravartthanangalum malsyabandhanavum vinodasanchaaravumaanu pradhana vyavasaayangal.
praadeshika sarkkar.
pilbara vikasana commission keezhilulla pilbara mekhalayil naalu praadeshika sarkkar mekhalakalunda
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
pilbara adivasi bhasha kendram "vanka maaya" parayunnath pilbara mekhalayude peru nyaamaal, banijima bhashakalil "varanda" ennartham varunna "bilibara" enna aadima padatthil ninnaan uruthirinjathu ennaanu.
pakaramaayi, padinjaaran australian vathaka vyavasaayam praadeshika jalathil labhyamaya mullattinte oru thaddesheeya padamaaya "pilbara" yill ninnaan eee mekhalaykku eee peru labhichathennu avakaashappedunnu. eee mekhalayile oru pradhana nadiyaaya yool nadiyude poshakanadiyaanu pilbara creak (yadhaarthathil "pilbara" ennu ucharikkappedunnu). zee mullattum baramundy innum yuul nadiyil pidikkaan kazhiyum. 1885ll kandethiya pilbara svarnnakshethrathinu kreekkinte peru nalkukayum pinneedu eee peru eee pradeshavumaayi bandhappettirikkukayum cheythu.
charithram.
thelivukalile radiocarbon dating esttimettukal kaanikkunnath, australiyayile ettavum pazhakkam chenna shilaasampradaayamaaya dampier dveepasamoohathile murugaile parakalayum nilkkunna kallukalum, bisi 6046 muthal 5338 vare kaalaghattam vare, aayirakkanakkin varshathe savisheshamaaya saamskaarika paarambaryangalum naadodikkadhakalum sandarbhavalkkaranathinu vidheyamaanennu vishwasikkappedunnu. eee sthalangal innathe kaalath athijeevanathinte bhaagamaayi nilanilkkunnu.
1861ll francis thomas gregoriyanu eee pradesham aadyamaayi paryavekshanam cheytha europian. rund varshathinullil europian kudiyettakkaar ethaan thudangi. aadhunika kimberly, gyaas coyne pradeshangal ulppedunna oru valia pradeshamaaya eee pradeshathe thudakkathil vadakku padinjaarin bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu.
pradhaanamaayum ranchland kannukaalikal (mechil/idaya) vyavasaayathinteyo muthukadathukaludeyo kendrangalaayi thudarnnulla pathittaandukalil theerathe tian siin thuramukham (pinneedu kosak), robarn, kondan (audyogikamaayi shelbero; pinneedu upekshikkappettu) ennividangalile vaasasthalangal sthaapikkappettu. ennirunnaalum, kosakinu chuttumulla muthukalude swaabhaavika maathrraajyam malsyabandhanathinu vidheyamaayathode, muthukalude kappal vadakkott neengaan thudangi, 1883 aayappozhekkum ithu kimberly mekhalayile broomil adhishtithamaayi. samsthaanathinte mattu kooduthal uthppaadanakshamamaaya kaarshika mekhalakalude valarchayode edayasambathu kshayichu.
1888 october 1 nuu pilbara svarnnappaadam audyogikamaayi prakhyaapikkappettpol eee mekhalayile khananam aarambhichu-oru praadeshika kreekkinte peril, svarnnappaadam pinneedu eee pradeshathinu mothatthil athinte peru nalki. pinneedu ithu nulajin gold feeld, marble baar gold feeld enningane vibhajikkapettu. ennirunnaalum, 1890 kalude madhyathil, mezhukuviral theernnathinu sesham pilbarayil swarnna khananam kurayaan thudangi. 1937ll vittenom malayidukkil aasbattos khananam aarambhichu. ekadesham oru noottaandaayi samriddhamaaya irumbayiru ariyappettirunnuvenkum, 1960-kalilum hammersley parvathanirakalil uyarnna nilavaaramulla ayiru kandethunnathilum eee pradesham samsthaanathinte sambadvyavasthayil nirnaayakamaayitheerukayum khananathinum anubandha sevanangalkkumayi nirmmicha pattanangal kuthichuyarukayum cheythu.
1950kalil pilbara theerathu ninnu 130 kilometer (81 mile) akaleyulla monteballo dveepukalil moonnu britiish aanavaayudha pareekshanangal nadatthi.
aadivaasikal.
charitraatheethakaalam.
pilbarayile thaddesheeya janasamkhya eee pradeshathe europian kolanivalkkaranathinu ganyamaayi munbu, 30-40,000 varshangalkk munbaanu. ettavum avasaanathe himanadathile kadinamaaya kaalaavasthayil polum aalukal pilbarayil thaamasichirunnathaayi puraavastu thelivukal soochippikkunnu. aadyakaala janathayude aadyakaala charithram oru vaakkalulla paarambaryatthilum puraavastu thelivukalilum petroglyphukalilum ulkkollunnu. aayirakkanakkin varshangalkk munbulla loka paithruka pattikayil ulppeduthiyittulla petroglyphukalude oru valia shekharam ulkkollunna muruga ennariyappedunna oru upadveep dampier pattanathinadutthaanu. kimberly mriduvaaya manalkkallile paintingukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol pilbarayile paarakala praadhamikamaayi kadinamaaya paara prathalangalil kothivachathaayi thonnunnu. pilbarayil painting nadannittundennum illennum ithu thadayunnilla.
irupathaam noottaand.
1900 oode pilbara mekhalayile aadivaasikalude muthukal, idaya vyavasaayangalile thozhil saahacharyangale adimatham, vethanam nalkaathava, thattikkondupokal, mosham perumaattathinu kadinavum krooravumaaya shikshakal, ellah pothu sanbradaayangalum olichodal enningane visheshippichittundu. 1897leeii bendu athikramam polulla chila sambhavangal anthaaraashtra apalapanam aakarshichu. australiyayile thaddesheeyaraaya aadya panimudakku 1946ll pilbarayil nadannu, pilbara panimudakku allengil pilbara adivasi panimudakku ennariyappedunnu, thaddesheeya idaya thozhilaallikal kuranja shambalathilum mosham thozhil saahacharyangalilum prathishedhichukondu steshanukalil ninnu erangippoyappol, moonnu varshathilere neenduninna panimudakku.
khanana vidagthanaaya doonn mcleodinte pinthunayode pilbarayile kudumbavargakkaar khananathinum apoorva lohangalude saandrathaykkum kazhivukal vikasippichu. aadima niyamamanusarichu parambaraagatha reethikalkkaayi upayogikkappedenda churungiya samayathekku shekharicha panam. oduvil eee fund aadivaasikalude niyanthranatthilulla oru swatantra vidyaalayam sthaapikkaan upayogichu. 1990 kalude madhyathode vadakkupadinjaaran austreliyayil samanamaaya 20 schoolukal sthaapich eee ashayam oru prasthaanamaayi vikasichu. victorian adivasi aaktivist staan davyude bharyayaaya jaann richaardson doctoral theesis aayi mcleodinte jeevacharitram ezhuthi.
21-aamm noottaand.
2006ll pilbarayile janasamkhyayude 15 sathamaanam aadivaasikalum koodaathe/allengil torres kadalidukkile dveepukaarumaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, ekadesham 6,000 aalukal.
pala pilbara samoohangalum kolanivalkkaranatthinte niravadhi sankeernamaaya prathyaaghaathangal abhimukeekarikkunnu, koodaathe paarppidam, aarogyam, vidyaabhyaasam ennivaykku mathiyaya labhyathayilla. 1971ll paatt mcferson nadatthiya 1,000 aadivaasikalil nadatthiya sarveyil mikkavarkkum onno athiladhikamo gurutharamaaya rogangalundennu kandethi. britiish aanava pareekshanatthinulla mcclelland royal commissionil, pilbarayil ninnulla aadivaasikal montebello dveepukalile spodanathekkurichulla thelivukal nalki.
niravadhi vyathyastha sthalangalil adivasi samoohangal sthithicheyyunnu. palarkkum adisthaana soukaryangal moshamaan, police aadivaasikalum thammilulla bandham palappozhum samgharshabharithamaanu.
sthalavum vivaranavum.
regional development commissions act" prakaram kimberly thekk bhagathaayi sthithi cheiyunna pilbarayil ashberton shire, eest pilbara shire, kaaratha nagaram, portt hedlant pattanam ennee praadeshika sarkkar pradeshangal ulppedunnu.
pilbara mekhala 507,896 chathurashra kilometer (193,826 mile) (kadaltheera dveepukal ulppede) visthruthiyullathaanu, ithu ekadesham yuu. ezz. samsthaanangalaaya californiayudeyum indianayudeyum samyojitha bhoopradesamaanu. 45, 000thiladhikam janasamkhyayulla evidangalil bhooribhaagavum eee mekhalayude padinjaaran moonnilonnu bhagathaayi portt hedlant, kaaratha, vikham, neuman, marble baar thudangiya pattanangalilaanu thaamasikkunnath. eee mekhalayil ganyamaaya ennam aalukal fly-inn/fly-outtu adisthaanathil jolie cheiyunnu.
ekadesham 10 pradhana/idatharam janasamkhyaa kendrangalum 25-ladhikam cheria janasamkhyaa kendrangalumundu.
moonnu vyathyastha bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradeshangal ulkkollunnathaan pilbara. padinjaaran moonnaamathethu robarn theeradesha manal samathalamaan, ithu mekhalayile janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagatheyum pattanangalilum vyavasaayathilum vaanijyathilum sahayikkunnu. kizhakkan moonnaamathethu eathaandu poornnamaayum marubhoomiyaanu, koodaathe cheria ennam aadivaasikal adhivasikkunnu. ganyamaaya ennam khanana pattanangalum chichasttar rench mattu pradeshangalum ulppedunna pradhana hammersley rench ulppede pilbara krettaninte ulnaadan uyarnna pradeshangalaal iva verthirikkappedunnu. eee uyarnna pradeshangalkk niravadhi malayidukkukalum mattu prakrithidatha aakarshanangalumund.
stromatolyteukal ennariyappedunna purathana phoosil avashishtangalum moonnu bilyan varshathilere pazhakkamulla graanaittukal polulla paarakalum ulppede lokathile ettavum pazhaya uparithala paarakalil chilath pilbarayil adangiyirikkunnu. 2007ll, sulfur prosessing bakteeriyakalude fossilukal samrakshikkunna strelly kulatthile 3.4 bilyan varsham pazhakkamulla manalkkallukalil bhoomiyile jeevante ettavum pazhaya thelivukal kandethi. oru purathana kadaltheerathu ninnu kandethiyathum koshathinu samanamaaya roopaghadanayullathumaaya daathugolangal raasaparamaayi vishakalanam cheyyukayum avaa indhanathinaayi sulfur upayogichathayi velippeduthukayum cheythu.
kaalavastha.
pilbarayile kaalavastha varandathum ushnamekhalaaparavumaanu. venalkkaala chuzhalikkaattukale thudarnnu uyarnna thapanilayum kuranja kramarahithamaya mazhayum ivide anubhavappedunnu. venalkkaalath, paramavadhi thaapanila mikkavarum ellah divasavum kaviyunnu, koodaathe thaapanila athil kooduthalaayirikkunnathu asaadhaaranamalla. shaityakaala thaapanila theerathu apoorvvamaayi maathrame thaazhaarulloo; ennirunnaalum, idaykkide rekhappeduthunnathupole ulnaadan thaapanila kuravaanu.
1923 october 31 muthal 1924 epril 7 vareyulla 160 divasangalilaayi pilbarayile marble baar nagaram thudarchayaayi ettavum kooduthal divasam 100 digri fahrenheito athil kooduthalo thaapanila rekhappeduthiyathil loka record sthaapichu.
eee mekhalayile sharashari vaarshika mazha ithinidayilaanu. pilbarayile mikkavarum ellah mazhayum desemberinum meyy maasathinum idayilaanu, saadhaaranayaayi idiminnaloo ushnamekhalaa chuzhalikkaattukalo idaykkide kanatha mazha peiyunnu. juun muthal november vareyulla kaalayalav saadhaaranayaayi poornnamaayum mazhayillaathathum choodullathum valare choodullathum sanni avasthayullathumaanu. oostreliyayude vadakkan theerathe mikka bhaagangaleyum pole, pilbarayude theerapradeshangalum idaykkide ushnamekhalaa chuzhalikkaattukal anubavikkunnu. pilbara theeram kadakkunna chuzhalikkaattukalude aavruthi oro 10 varshavum ekadesham 7 aanu. pilbara mekhalayile janasandrata kuranjathinaal chuzhalikkaattukal apoorvvamaayi maathrame valia thothilulla naashatthino jeevahaniko kaaranamaakunnulloo.
sambadghadana.
khanana kayattumathiyum petroleum kayattumathi vyavasaayangalumaan pilbarayude sambadvyavasthayil aadhipathyam pularthunnathu.
1970kalil niravadhi aakramanangalum chila khanikal poornnamaayum union cheytha 'adacha kadakalaayi' pravartthikkukayum cheytha eee pradesham union theevravaadathinu perukettathaayirunnu.'1980kalude pakuthi muthal thozhiludamakal ithine velluvilichirunnu, oostreliyayude mattu bhagangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol eee mekhalaykku ippol union amgathvathinte thoth valare kuravaanu.
irumbayiru.
australiyayile irumbayiru bhooribhaagavum pilbaarayilaan khananam cheiyunnathu, khanikal kooduthalum toom prisineyum neuman kendreekarichaanu. irumbayiru vyavasaayam pilbara pradeshathu ninnulla 9,000 perkku thozhil nalkunnu. portt headlantinu thekkukizhakkayi sthithi cheiyunna lokathile pradhana manganese khanikalil onnaaya woody woody pilbaarayilund.
1957ll moundu timingala khaniyaayi marran pookunna thekkan ofthaalmiya shreniyil oru valia irumbayiru nikshepam kandethiya prospector staan hildichaanu irumbayiru nikshepam aadyamaayi kandethiyathu.
1960kalil america aasthaanamaayulla steel kambaniyaaya kaisar steelinte vais prasidantaayirunna thomas prais ithine "lokathile ettavum valia ayiru shekharangalilonnu" ennu vilichathayi reportund. raajyathinte "saambathikamaayi pradharshippicha irumbinte vibhavangal" 24 jigattan athawa 24 bilyan tonn aanennu jio sayans austreliya kanakkakki. australian beuro oof agrikalcharal aandu resource economicsinte kanakkanusarichu, aaa vibhavam prathivarsham 324 dasalaksham tonn enna nirakkil upayogikkunnu, varum varshangalil nirakkukal vardhikkumennu prathekshikkunnu. vidagtharaaya gavin mudd (monash yooniversitti), jonathan loow (komanvelthu scientific aandu industrial research oorganaiseshan) ennivar ithu 30 muthal 50 varshathinullil (mudd) 56 varshathinullil (niyamam) illaathaakumennu prathekshikkunnu.
pilbarayile sajeevamaaya irumbayiru khanikal ivayaanu
draveekritha prakrithivaathakam.
pilbarayude sambadvyavasthayude oru pradhana bhagam vadakku padinjaaran shelf venture vazhiyum pluto eleng plaantiloodeyum draveekritha prakrithivaathakathe (eleng) adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, iva randum maram kondullathaanu.
krishi.
karijini, millstream-chichasttar desheeyodyaanangal, dampier dveepasamooham ennivayulppede niravadhi kannukaali meikkal kendrangalum ganyamaaya vinodasanjaara mekhalayum eee pradeshathundu.
gathagatham.
pilbara mekhalayile aadyathe railway thuramukha headlantinum marble baarinum edayilulla idungiya gej marble baar railway aayirunnu. marble baar railway 1911 joolaiyil thurakkukayum 1951 octoberil adachupoottukayum cheythu. 1897ll rooboon-kosak tramway thurakkukayum khanikalkk sevanam nalkunnathinaayi niravadhi vyaavasaayika railway nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
anchu hevi duty reyilvekal vividha irumbayiru khanikalkk keezhilaanu. avayellaam staanderd gejukalum ettavum bharameriya vadakke american maanadandangalkkanusrithayi nirmmichavayumaanu. rioo tinto athinte reyilveyil driverilla trainukal oodunnu.
thuramukhangal.
pilbarayile thuramukhangal ivayaanu
paristhithi.
bhouma.
pilbarayile pradhana sasyajaalangal akkeshya marangalum kuttichedikalum varalchaye prathirodhikkunna triodia "spinifex" pullukalumaanu. niravadhi inam akkeshya (vaattil) marangal pilbarayude thaddesheeyamaanu, koodaathe vanyapushpangalkkum mattu praadeshika savisheshathakalkkum oppam samrakshana paripaadikalude kendramaanu.
"fairy sarkkilukal" (palajilijara bhashayil "liniji" ennum vaarlpiri bhashayil "mingkiri" ennum ariyappedunnu), 2 vyaasathil vyathyaasappettirikkunna sasyangalude tharishubhoomiyude vrithaakrithiyilulla paadukalum palappozhum pullinte uthejippicha valarchayude valayathaal chuttappettathum, pilbarayile valia manal marubhoomiyude padinjaaran bhaagath kaanapedunnu. eee roopeekaranangalkku kaaranamaakunnath enthaanennu ithuvare theliyikkappettittilla, ennaal plistoseen kaalam muthal australian haarvestar chithalukal avaa nirmmikkukayum adivasikkukayum cheythittundennu oru sidhaantham soochippikkunnu.
eee kadinamaaya paristhithiyumaayi poruthappedunna vaividhyamaarnna thaddesheeya enangalude aavasa kendramaanu pilbara. eee pradeshathe guhakal, vaggukal allengil bhugarbhajala jalasambharanikalil vasikkunna microscopic akasherukkalum bhouma janthujaalangalum (hraswadura thaddesheeya akasherukkal kaanuka) ulppede noorukanakkinu bhoogarbha janthujaalangal (staigophoona, troglofouna enniva) ulppede akasherukkalude uyarnna vaividhyamund. pilbara olivu paitthan, vestten pebble-mouse eliyum, hammersley shreniyile pilbara ningauyi ennivayum eee marubhoomiyile paristhithi mekhalayile durbalamaaya aavaasavyavasthayilulla niravadhi inam mrugangalil ulppedunnu. australian hobby, nankeen kestral, spotted harrier, mulga thatha, badjerigaarukal enniva pakshikalil ulppedunnu.
irumbu, prakrithivaathakam, aasbattos enniva verthirichedukkunnathile vanyajeevikalkk kedupaadukal sambhavichittundenkilum millstream-chichasttar, karijini desheeyodyaanangal ennivayulppede niravadhi samrakshitha pradeshangalude chithreekaranam pilbarayile saamskaarikavum paaristhithikavumaaya sensitiivu pradeshangalude samrakshanam ippol vardhippikkunnu.
shudhajalam.
pilbara-gascoyne allengil indian mahasamudra drainage basin ennum ariyappedunna pilbara shudhajala paristhithi mekhalayude bhagamaanu padinjaaran pilbara. aazhathilulla malayidukkukal roopappedunna edaykkideyulla nadikalum thaddesheeya enangalkku aathidheyathvam vahikkunna uppuvella guhakalumaanu shudhajala mekhalayude savisheshatha. marchisan, gascoin, ashberton, fortescue, dii gray nadikalude azhukkuchaalukal eee mekhalayil ulppedunnu. kizhakkan pilbara ulkkollunna valia manal marubhoomiyil shudhajala aavaasavyavastha kuravaanu.

