poorvvikar (art group)

1824ll kalayile puraathanavaadatthodulla aakarshanavum samghathekkaal onno rando thalamura praayamulla vilyam blekkinte (1757-1827) srishtikalodulla aadaravum moolam oru koottam yuva engleesh kalakaaranmaarum mattullavarum chernnaayirunnu poorvvikar (shoreham poorvvikar ennum ariyappedunnu). saamuval pammer, jorjju richmond, edward calvert ennivaraayirunnu poorvvikarude pradhana amgangal. pammer ozhike, kalakaaranmaaraaya kendra amgangalellaam royal akkadami oof aartsile vidyaarthikalaayirunnu. vyaakhyaathaavinte veedu" ennu vilikkappedunna blekkinte appartmentilum shorehamile kent graamatthile saamuval paamarinte veettilum avar kandumutty. samgham thudarnna pathuvarshatholamo pazhakkamullavar engleesh kalaa rangathu kaaryamaaya swaadheenam chelutthiyillenkilum niravadhi amgangal pinneedu pradhana kalakaaranmaaraayi, pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal grouppilulla thaalparyam kramena vardhichu.
saamudaayika jeevithathinte gadakangalum samoohathekkurichulla pothuvaaya kaazhchappaadine prolsaahippikkunnathum ulppedunna oru kalaa prasthaanamaaya aupachaarika kalaparamaaya "saahodarya" thinte aadya engleesh prakadanamaayirunnu avaa. itharathilulla bhookhanda grouppukalil jarmman nazarine prasthaanavum paareesile barbus ulppedunnu, pilkkaalatthe ettavum vijayakaramaya engleesh udaaharanam pree-raafelaitt saahodaryamaayirunnu. eee grouppukaleppole avar academic art sthaapanathil ninnu oru prathipaksha verpiriyaline prathinidheekarikkukayum bhoothakaalathinte oru aadarsha pathippilekku thirinjunokkukayum cheythu. parambaraagatha kalaa lokathinte sreniparamaaya gadanayodulla prathikaranamaayi avar thangalude amgangalkkidayil samathvam pinthudarnnu. nazareenukaleyum barbusin pole, avar prathyeka punarujjeevanavaada vasthrangal darikkunnath prothsaahippichu, ennirunnaalum praayogikamaayi pammer maathram ithu dharichirunnathaayi thonnunnu; bust-length miniyechar, chokku droying (1829, rund deseeya chhaayaachithra gaalarikalum) polulla richmond pyaammarinte chila chhaayaachitrangalil ithu kaanikkunnathayi thonnunnu, ithu oru kottinu keezhil vrithaakrithiyilulla kazhuthulla pukayum ayanja vrithiketta collar laapalukalum kaanikkunnu, kurachu kristhuvineppolulla neelamulla mudiyum thaadiyum. poorvvikarkku nasareenukalekkurichu ariyaamaayirunnuvenkilum orupakshe barbasinekurichu ariyillaayirunnu.
group lakshyangalum pravartthanangalum.
blakil ninnu vyathyasthamayi avar raashtreeyathil kooduthalum uyarnna nilavaaramullavaraayirunnu, ennaal thangalkk chuttum valarunna aadhunika vaanijya samoohathe orupole avishwasikkukayum oru aadarshaparamaaya grameena bhoothakaalathilekku thirinjunokkukayum cheythu. avar orikkalum oru prakadanapathrika thayyarakkiyittilla, avarude pravartthanangalum bandhangalum moshamaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu; paalmarinte makan pinneedu aaa kaalaghattatthile thante pithaavinte mikka rekhakalum nashippichu, avayil "oru maanasikavastha" kaanikkunna laingika vasthukkal undennu irunda soochana nalki... apakadasaadhyatha niranjathum vendathra purushathvamo vendathra mounamo illaathathum ". groupinte pravarthanangaleyum chalanathmakathayeyum kurichulla mikka vivarangalum avarude ormmakkurippukalil ninno avarude kudumbangalil ninno suhruthukkalil ninno niravadhi pathittaandukalkk sesham oormmippichathil ninno aanu. kalaakaaranallengilum samghathile oru pradhana vyakthiyum orupakshe aadya prachodakanum ayirunna paamarinte stokku broker cussin joonn gailsil ninnaan avarude peru vannathennu paamarinte makan nirddeshichu. sambhaashanathil sambhavicha eathu sandarbhathilum "poorvvikarude" shreshtathaye addeham palappozhum prashamsikkunnathayi rekhappeduthiyittundu, ennirunnaalum eee vaakk blakinum pradhaanamaan. eee kaalaghattatthil "purathana" enna padam aadhunika engleeshinekkaal avyakthamaayirunnu, palappozhum engleesh niyamaparamaaya padamaaya "purathana smaarakam" pole madhyakaalakhattatheyo navothaanatheyo soochippikkaan ithu upayogichirunnu.
grove dictionary oof artle", kristhyana paine parayunnu, "avarude vishayavasthu bybilil ninno allengil kristhyan, vergilian svarangalulla idaya nishkalankathayudeyum samriddhiyudeyum suvarnna kaalaghattathekkurichulla kazhchappadil ninno eduthathaanu."
kalakaaranmaar royal akkadami exhibishanukalkkaayi kruthikal samarppichu, avayil palathum pradharshippichirunnu, ennaal iva "vimarsanaathmakamaaya aaveshathe uthejippichilla, koodaathe oru thalamuraykk sesham pree-rafale cheiyunnathupole prakopanatthinu kaaranamaakumenn karutunnilla". pradharshippicha kruthikalonnum vittathayi thonnunnilla, koodaathe "purathana" shailiyilulla srishtikalkku groupinu valare kurachu commissionukal maathrame labhichulloo, ennirunnaalum oru parambaraagatha chhaayaachithrakaaranenna nilayil richmandinte vijayakaramaya currier 1830 kalude thudakkathil aarambhichu. chila pradeshavaasikal avare "jyothishikale" akramikkaan shramicha prashamsakarenn vilichathayi addeham rekhappeduthiyittundu, palmerinum addehathinte sandarshakarkkum shorehamile janangal ethirppu prakadippichathaayi thonnunnilla. palmer avide thante veettilekku mattu praadeshika swathukkal cherkkukayum athu jeevithakalam muzhuvan vaadakaykku edukkukayum cheythu.
romin paareesinum purathulla upekshikkappetta ashramangalil yathaakramam saamudaayika jeevitam nayikkaan nasareenukalkkum barbusin kazhinjenkilum nepolian kaalaghattatthile eee soukaryapradamaaya saadhyathakal 1820-kalile landanil labhyamayirunnilla, athinaal palmer deerghakaalathekku shorehamilo graamatthile mattevideyengilum thamasikkaan prothsaahippichu. mikka amgangalkkum landanil joliyudeyo kudumbatthinteyo prathibadhathakalundaayirunnu, athaayath avarude sandarshanangal divasangalallengil aazhchakalaayirunnu, vilyam pammer welby sherman maathrame kooduthal kaalam thaamasichirunnulloo. blake thanne oru thavanayenkilum yaatra cheythu. 
kalakaaranaaya joonn linnell (1792-1882) samghathile amgamaayirunnillenkilum mikka amgangalumaayi addeham aduppathilaayirunnu. 1824 septambaril linnalinte penmakkale "cheria poorvvikar" ennu paraamarshichukondu palmer linnalinu ayacha kathil eee samgham roopeekaricha theeyathikku pradhana thelivaayi parayunnu (palmer pinneedu avaril oralaaya hannah vivaham kazhichu). groupile ettavum praayam koodiyayaalum grouppinte pala nilapaadukalodum viyojikkunna sakthamaaya chinthagathiyulla vyakthiyumaaya calvertinekkaal ezhu vayass moothayaalaayirunnu linnel. varshangalkk sesham palmarinu ayacha kathil addeham ezhuthi, "njaan prathimasa koodikkaazhcha nadathunna" varenyavargathil oraalaayirunnillenn njaan oorkkanam-yukthiyudeyum aathmaavinteyum platonic virunnil hackney, lisson grove ennividangalil ninnulla yadhaartha greekkukaare maathrame praveshippichirunnulla ". 15-aamm noottaandileyum 16-aamm noottaandileyum vadakkan europian kalayilekku pammer mattullavarum parichayappeduthunnathil linnell pradhaanamaayum utharavaadiyaayirikkaam, athu annu englandil thaarathamyena kuravaayirunnu. landanil thamasikkunna jarmman bisinasukaranaaya chaals (kaal) adezhsine addehathinu ariyamaayirunnu, addehathinte pakkal aadyakaala vadakkan paintingukalude oru pradhana shekharamundaayirunnu, athil "ghenttu beltarpeesinte" oru pakarpp ulppedunnu, athu groupine sandarshikkaan praapthamakki.
1832-ll palmerinu oru paarambaryavum labhichu, athu upayogichu addeham landanile sent johns virakil oru kudil vaangi, athinusesham kramena kooduthal samayam landanil chelavazhichu. linnalinte kathu paraamarsikkunna prathimasa athaazhavirunnukal saadhaaranayaayi avide nadakkaarundaayirunnu. 1837ll palmer richmand avarude bharyamaarodoppam italiyilekku oru deerghakaala sandarshanathinaayi purappettu, ithu grouppinte avasaanamaayi kanakkaakkaamenkilum mikka amgangalum valarekkalam kazhinju suhruthukkalaayi thudarnnu. italiyile classical paarambaryatthile kalayumaayulla sanbarkkam rund kalakaaranmaareyum purathana aadimavaadathil ninnu maarinilkkan swaadheenichu. 1830-ll grameena thozhilaalikalkkidayil nadanna kyapttan swing kalaapathe cheruthaayi athirthirunna shoreham, grameena jeevithathile samadhaanatheyum aikyatheyum kurichu addehathe niraashappeduthiyittundum. pilkkala jeevithathil richmond pamarinu ezhuthiya kathil ingane ezhuthi "oru vikaarathinte swapnathil nammal kala padikkukayaanennu karuthiyappol nammalellaavarum adikkaan aagrahichu".
amgathvam.
eathenkilum aupachaarika amgangalude pattika eppozhengilum undaayirunnengil, athu nilanilkunnilla, pakshe 1824 num 1827 num idayil ekadesham recruit cheytha pradhana vyakthikal ivayaayirunnu

