
jorj aarr. vila

jorjju roobert prais (october 16,1922-januvari 6,1975) oru american janasamkhyaa janithakashaasthranjanaayirunnu. 1967-ll vila samavaakyam roopappeduthiyathil vila palappozhum sradheyamaanu.
yadhaarthathil oru physical kemisttum pinneedu oru sayans journalistumaaya addeham 1967 ll landanilekku thamasam maari, avide galton laboratariyil saidhaanthika jeevashaasthrathil jolie cheythu, moonnu pradhana sambhavanakal nalkki aadyam, dablyu.dii. group thiranjeduppine sharivaykkunna puthiya vila samavaakyathodukoodiya bandhukkalude thiranjeduppinekkuridu haamilttante pravartthanangal; randaamathethu, geyim sidhaanthathile kendra aashayamaaya parinamaparamaayi sthirathayulla thanthram (essu) enna ashayam (joonn mainard smithinoppam) avatharippikkuka; moonnaamathethu, mathsyathozhilaalikalude prakrithi thiranjeduppinte adisthaana sidhaanthathe aupachaarikamaakkuka.
vila kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum thante swathukkalellaam paavappettavarkk nalkukayum cheythu. thyroid rogathinte krameekaranatthilum marunnukal paalikkaatthathilum vila kurayukayum aathmahathya cheyyukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1922ll yuu. esilaanu prais janichathu.ezz. stettu oof newyork. electricianaayirunna pithaav vila naalu vayassullappol marichu. addehathinte amma oru muun naadaka nadiyaayirunnu, kudumbam mahaamaandyathiloode kashtappettu.
prais birch wathen schoolilum thudarnnu newyorkkile stuvsant haiskoolilum chernnu. 1943ll chikkago sarvakalashaalayil ninnu rasathanthrathil birudam nediya addeham 1946ll athe sthaapanathil ninnu eee vishayathil doktarettu nedi.
1947ll addeham juuliya madigane vivaham kazhichu, ennaal jorj sakthamaaya nireeswaravaadiyaayirunnathil avarude bandham vivaadamaayirunnu, athesamayam addehathinte bhaarya oru roman katholikkayayirunnu. annamaari, kathleen ennee rund penmakkalumaayi 1955ll avar vivaahamochanam nedi.
currier.
aadyakaala currier.
plutonium-235-nte savisheshathakal parishodhikkunna oru rasathanthranjanenna nilayil manhattan projakttile amgamaayirunnu prais.
1946num 1948num idayil addeham harward sarvakalashaalayil rasathanthrathil instructor aargon naashanal laboratariyude kansalttantumaayirunnu. pinneedu, traansisttarukalude rasathanthrathil pravartthikkaan addeham bell laborattarikalil oru sthaanam etteduthu. thudarnnu addeham minnesota sarvakalashaalayil vaidyashaasthrathil research associate aayi jolie cheythu, mattu karyangalkkoppam fluorescence microscopy, liver perfusion ennivayil pravarthichu. 1955lum 1956lum addeham 'sayans' jenalil rund prabandhangal prasidheekarichu, avaa censoric purameyulla daaranayude kapada shaasthreeya avakaashavaadangale vimarshichu.
shaasthra pathrapravarthanam thudarnnukondu, soviyatt union peeples republic oof chainayumaayulla amerikkayude sheethayudhathekkurichu "eluppamalla" enna peril oru pusthakam ezhuthaan prais shramichu, ennaal "enikku athinekkurichu ezhuthaan kazhiyunnathilum vegathil lokam marikkondirunnu" ennu parathippettu, athinaal pusthakam orikkalum poorthiyaayittilla.
1961 muthal 1967 vare graphik daatta prosessingil oru kansalttantaayi ibm prisine niyamichu. 1966-ll addeham thyroid cancerinu chikitsa thediyenkilum tumour neekkam cheiyunnathinulla sasthrakriya addehathinte tholinu bhaagikamaayi pakshaaghaatham varuthukayum thyroxine marunnukale aasrayikkukayum cheythu. thante medical inshuransil ninnulla panavumaayi 1967 novemberil addeham oru puthiya jeevitam aarambhikkunnathinayi yunaittad kingdatthilekku maari.
brittanil.
dablyu.dii. prais aadyamaayi thannodu bandhappettappol haamilttan oormmikkunnathil parajayappettu, pakshe prais 1964 leeii cussin selakshanekkurichulla haamilttante pepparukal vaayichuvennum janasamkhyaa janithakashaasthrathilo sthithivivarakkanakkukalo pariseelanam labhikkathe oru janasamkhyayude aaleel aavruthiyile maattam srishticha oru covarians samavakyamaaya prais samavaakyam aavishkarichuvennum haamilttan parayunnu. eee samavaakyathinte aadya bhagam munbu alaan robertson sii yum uruthirinjathaanenkilum. sii. lii, athinte randaamathe ghadakam, ulkkollunna shaareerikakshamathayilekkum group thiranjeduppilekkum oru vipuleekaranathode selection, meotic drive, parambaraagatha prakrithi thiranjeduppu ennivayude ellah thalangalilum prayogikkaan anuvadichu.
kristhumathathilekkulla parivartthanam.
1970 juun 6 nuu prisinu oru mathaparamaya anubhavam labikkukayum puthiya niyamatthinte theevra pandithanaakukayum cheythu. thante jeevithathil niravadhi yaadrishchikathakal undaayittundennu addeham vishwasichu. prathyekichum, eesttar aazhchayile nasaratthinte maranathe chuttipattiyulla sambhavangalude kalandar yadhaarthathil alppam kooduthalaanennu vaadichukondu addeham "eesttarinte panthrand divasangal" enna peril oru neenda lekhanam ezhuthi. pinneedu addeham baibilpatanatthil ninnu vyathichalikkukayum pakaram vadakkan landanile aavashyakkaare sahayikkunnathinaayi saamoohika pravarthanangalkkaayi thante jeevitam samarppikkukayum cheythu.
parinaama sidhaanthathile mattu kruthikal.
mathsyathozhilaalikalude prakrithinirnnayathinte adisthaana sidhaanthamaaya vila samavaakyathinte oru puthiya vyaakhyaanam vila vikasippichu, ithu ippol munkaala nigoodamaaya phalatthinte mikacha vyaakhyaanamaayi amgeekarikkappettu. paropakaaratthinte ettavum mikacha ganithashaasthraparavum jaivaparavum parinamaparavumaaya praathinidhyamaayi ippozhum vyaapakamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna karyangal addeham ezhuthi. 1973ll joonn mainard smithinoppam chernnu rachicha oru prabandhatthil parinaama jeevashaasthrathil geyim sidhaanthathinte prayogatthinum addeham thudakkamittu. koodaathe, oru jeevi svayam thyagam cheyyukayum athinte jeenukal (paropakaaram) munnott kondupookukayum cheiyunnathupole, adutha bandhamullah jeevikalkk avayumaayi bandhapetta jeenukal nannayi pracharippikkan praapthamaakkiyaal athe speesheesile mattullavare illaathaakkaan oru jeevi svayam thyagam cheiyumennu vila nyaayeekarichu. eee negatteevu paropakaaratthe dablyu prasidheekaricha oru prabandhatthil vivarichittundu. dii. haamilttan ennum hamiltonian sivitt ennum vilikkappedunnu.
jeevikal janithakaparamayi parasparam kooduthal saamyamullavaraayitheerunnathee avaa parasparam paropakaaram kaanikkan kooduthal saadhyathayundennu praisinte 'ganithashaasthra' sidhaantham parayunnu. athinaal, rund maathaapithaakkal punarnirmmikkenda oru jeevivarggathil, oru jeevikal oru jaiva rakshakarthaavinodum poornna sahodarangalodum allengil nerittulla santhathikalodum paropakaraparamaaya perumaattam kaanikkan saadhyathayund. eee bandhukkalude janithaka ghadanayil oronninum yadhaartha jeeviyil kaanapedunna jeenukalude 50 sathamaanavum (sahodarangalude kaaryatthil sharashari) adangiyirikkunnu ennathaanu ithinu kaaranam. athinaal oru paropakaara pravrithiyude falamaayi yadhaartha jeevi marikkukayaanenkil, eee adutha bandhukkalil rando athiladhikamo perr rakshikkappedunnathuvare athinte poornna janithaka paithrikam pracharippikkan athinu kazhiyum. thathfalamaayi, oru jeevajalam oru jaiva muthachan, kochumakan, ammayi/ammavan, anantharaval/anantharavan allengil ardhasahodaran (oronnum yadhaartha jeeviyil kaanapedunna jeenukalude naalilonn vahikkunnu) ennivarodu paropakaraparamaaya perumaattam kaanikkanulla saadhyatha kuravaanu; koodaathe aadya cussin (yadhaartha jeeviyil kaanapedunna jeenukalude ettilonnu vahikkunnu) ennathinodu paropakarabhaavam kaanikkanulla saadhyatha kuravaanu. janithakamaayi neekkam cheyyappetta rund jeevikal parasparam ullavayaanennum avaa parasparam paropakaaram kaanikkanulla saadhyatha kuravaanennum sidhaantham vaadikkunnu.
bhavanarahithare sahayikkuka.
addehathinte samavaakyathinte prathyaaghaathangal kaaranam vila kooduthal vashalayi. thante sidhaantham shario thetto ennu theliyikkaanulla shramathinte bhaagamaayi, aparichithare poornnamaayum poortheekarikkunnathinu kramatheethamaaya dayayude (gunanilavaarathilum alavilum) kramatheethamaaya alavu addeham kaanikkan thudangi. eee reethiyil, addeham thante jeevithathinte avasana bhagam bhavanarahithare sahayikkaan samarppikkukayum palappozhum bhavanarahithare thante veettil thamasikkaan shanikkukayum cheythu. chilappol, addehathinte veettile aalukal shradha vyathichalippikkumbol, addeham galton laborattariyile thante offeesil urangi. madyapaanikale sahayikkaan addeham ellaam upekshichu; ennittum thante saadhanangal moshtikkaan avare sahayichathinaal addeham kooduthal kooduthal vishaadathilekku veenu.
aaa pradeshathe oru nirmmaana padhathi kaaranam addehathe oduvil vaadaka veettil ninnu purathaakki, bhavanarahitharkk veedu nalkaan kazhiyaathathinal addeham asanthushtanaayirunnu. addeham vadakkan lunden pradeshathe vividha skvaattukalilekku thamasam maarukayum 1974 leeii kristhumassinu sesham vishaadathilaakukayum cheythu.
maranam.
thyroid chikilsayude deerghakaala sankeernathakal kaaranam, 1975 januvari 6 nuu oru jodi nakham kathrika upayogichu caroted dhamani murichu prais aathmahathya cheythu. addehathinte adutha sahapravarthakanaaya dablyu.dii. haamilttan.
yoosttanil vilaykk oru smaaraka shushroosha nadannu. academica mekhalayil ninnu hamilton mainard smith mathramaayirunnu sannihitharaayirunna mattu chilar addehathinte saamoohika pravarthanangaliloode addehathe arinjavar aayirunnu. sent pancrass semitheriyilaan addehathe samskarichathu.
amgeekaaram.
20 varshakkalam praisinte sambhavanakal valia thothil avaganikkapettu; addeham saidhaanthika jeevashaasthrathil churungiya samayam maathrame pravarthichittulloo, koodaathe prabandhangal prasidheekarikkunnathil athra samagranaayirunnilla. kazhinja varshangalil ithu maari. 2000-ll jaims schwarts prasidheekaricha oru lekhanam charitraparamaaya parihaaratthinte thudakkamaayirunnu. 2010-ll, ooren haarmaante laa times book prais winning bioficil, "paropakaaratthinte vilah jorjju prise dayayude uthbhavathinayulla thirachilum" prasidheekarikkappedukayum oduvil vilayum addehathinte kathayum pothujanagalkk munnil konduvarikayum cheythu. craig baakstarinte vilayekkurichulla oru steju play, "dhii altruists", naalam ghatta anthaaraashtra skript malsarathil vijayichu. 2016 march 29 nuu, faarnvarthinte "kanakkukoottal daya" enna naadakam camden peeples thiyettaril moonnaazhchathe vittutheernna pradarshanathinaayi thurannu.
paarambaryamaayi.
jorjju aarr praisinte pepparukal britiish libraryil sookshichirikkunnu. britiish library kaattalog vazhi pepparukal axus cheyyaan kazhiyum.

