
newyork varkkezhs school

1923 octoberil muthirnnavarkkulla vidyaabhyaasathinaayi newyork nagaratthil sthaapithamaaya communist party yuu. ezz. eiii (sii. pii. yuu. ezz. eiii) yude prathyayashaasthra pariseelana kendramaayirunnu "varkkezhs school" ennu samsaarabhashayil ariyappedunna newyork varkkezhs school. rund pathittaandilereyaayi eee soukaryam samghadanayude pravartthakare party sidhaantham padippikkunnathilum trade union pravartthakarkku kooduthal pothuvaaya vidyaabhyaasa paripadi vaagdaanam cheiyunnathilum pradhana punk vahichu.
pradeshathe praadeshika sipusa pariseelana kendrangalude oru maathrkayaayirunnu varkkezhs school (udha.jii.1926ll newyork nagaratthil sthaapithamaaya jootha thozhilaalli sarvakalashaala, mattu american nagarangalilum (udha.jii., chikkago varkkezhs school). jayy lavestoninteyum benchamin gitloyudeyum (bertram dii. yude pinthunayode) neethrthwathilulla verpirinja communist party (bhooripaksha vibhaagam) sthaapicha puthiya varkkezhs skoolinu ithu nerittulla prachodanavum nalki. 1929ll communist party vittathinu sesham wolf benn davidson).
1944ll layanathiloode thozhilaalli vidyaalayam pirichuvidukayum athu sii. pii. yuu. esinte jefezhsan school oof soshyal sayansinte bhagamaavukayum cheythu.
charithram.
pashchaathalam.
1919 leeii vasanthakaalathum venalkkaalathum soshyalist party oof america malsarikkunna soshyalist, communist vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkapettu. eee kadutha pilarppinu sesham, thiranjeduppu kendreekritha soshyalistukal newyork nagaratthil sthithicheyyunna rand school oof soshyal sayans, oru trade union, party pariseelana kendram ennivayulppede party niravadhi pradhana pothu sthaapanangalude niyanthranam nilanirtthi. (charitrakaaranaaya marvin iii. soshyalistukalude rand skoolinte "charitraparamaaya pingamiyaayi" kammyoonistukaar varkkezhs schooline kandirunnuvennu gettilmaan vyakthamaakkunnu.)
maruvashathu, viplava soshyalist communist vibhaagam 1919 avasaanathilum 1920 nte thudakkathilum lusk kammittiyudeyum neethinyaaya vakuppinteyum nirddeshaprakaaram nadatthiya thudarchayaaya reydukalaal athivegam olichodappettu. raajyam aadyathe chuvanna bheethiyude pidiyilaayathode communist prasthaanatthinte vividha samghadanakal oru aazhathilulla bhoogarbha nilanilpp srishtichu.
1921 avasaanathode communist party oof america (sii. pii. eiii) rahasya yogangaludeyum thoolikaanaamangaludeyum rahasya nilanilppil ninnu uyarnnuvarikayum varkkezhs party oof america (dablyu. pii. eiii) ennariyappedunna oru pothu samghadanayaayi svayam punasthaapikkaan sramikkukayum cheiyunnathinaayi communist internaashanal amgeekarikkukayum munnott nayikkukayum cheytha pradhana party nethaakkal oru theerumaanam eduthu. finnish soshyalist federation, varkkezhs kaunsil group, munbu rahasya rashtreeya pravartthanangale ethirtha mattullavar ennivayil bhooribhaagavum puthiya samghadanayilekku ozhukiyethiyathinaal eee sramam vijayakaramaayirunnu. 1922ll pazhaya bhoogarbha sii. pii. eiii. yill 4,000ll ninnu 1923ll niyamaparamaaya dablyu. pii. eiii. yill 15,000ladhikam amgathvamaayi uyarnnu.
american communist prasthaanatthil ithrayum valia puthiya amgangalude saannidhyam coor kedarmaarude groupinu oru velluvili uyarthi, eee puthiya amgangalil palarum party prathyayashaasthrathekkur dhaarana vikalamaayi kaanapettu. rand school dablyu. pii. eyude verukkapetta athiraalikale urachunirthiyathinaal, oru puthiya party pariseelana skoolinte aavasyakatha annathe oru supresses oordaraayi kaanapettu.
sthaapanam.
1923 oktobarode oru puthiya communist party pariseelana school-newyork varkkezhs school-thayyarakki. 48-50 eest 13th streetilaanu eee soukaryam aadyam sthithi cheythath. union squareile 28 eest 14th streettile communist aasthaanathekku ithu maari. 1934 januvariyil "nyoo maas" maasika athinte prasangam 35 eest 12th street ennu parasyappedutthi. 35 eest 12-aamm streettil sthithicheyyunna oru sthiramaaya veettilekku eee soukaryam veendum maatti-oru eph. bii. aii informant paranja oru kettidam "valare vrithikettathum thaalkkaalikavum pazhayathum" aanennu paranjathinaal athu "apalapikkappedendathaayirunu".
varggasamarathil thozhilaallikalude pakshatthe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi patanam samaharikkunnathinulla chittayaya sramam" ennu gettilmaan visheshippichathinte bhaagamaayi, ethiraaliyaaya rand school oof soshyal sayansineppole, thozhilaalli school trade union pravartthakareyum pradhana party pravartthakareyum parisheelippikkaan shramichu. muthalaalithathe attimarikkaan thidukkam koottuka enna lakshyathode padanavum pravartthanavum thammilulla adutha bandhathinu oonnal nalkaan adthyaapaka jeevanakkar kadinamaayi parishramichu.
pirichuvidal.
1944ll samanthara communist party muthirnnavarkkulla vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanamaaya jefezhsan school oof soshyal sayans varkkezhs schooline ulppeduthi.
samghadana.
paatyapadhathi.
klaasukalude prakhyapanam" prasidheekarichukondaanu skoolile oro tame aarambhichath. marxism, anthaaraashtra thozhilaalli prasthaanatthinte charithram, communist internaashanalinte thanthrangal, "jaivashasthraparavum saamoohikavumaaya parinamam" ennivayulppede motham 12 kozhsukalode 1923 avasaanathode school aarambhichu."koodaathe, communist prasthaanatthinte kudiyetta amgathvathinte prayojanathinaayi praadhamika, noothana engleeshile kozhsukalum" "samsarasheshi mechappeduthal" "(ucharanangal illaathaakkal)," "plaattphom speaking" "ennivayekkurichulla kozhsukalum vaagdaanam cheythu".
thozhilaallikalkk avarude jeevithathinum saambathika nashtatthinum thadassamillaathe joliyil thudaraan kazhiyunna vidhathil raathriyilaan kozhsukal nadathiyathu. 1930-kalile thozhilaalli school klaas prakhyapanangal soochippikkunnathu oro rathriyum thudarchayaayi rund klaas blokkukal oodunnu, onnu ratri 7 munny muthal ratri 8:30 vare oodunnu, thudarnnu mattoru group klaas meating ratri 8.40 muthal 10:10 vare nadakkunnu. ellah aazhchayilum vaikunnerangalil thozhilaallikalude schoolil klaasukal vaagdaanam cheyyappettirunnu, ennirunnaalum mikkavarum aazhchayil onno rando thavana maathrame yogam cherunnulloo, chovvazhchayaanu ettavum bharam kuranja kozhs ofarukalude ratri.
1927 aayappozhekkum "pourathvam, prakrithivalkkaranam", thozhil pathrapravarthanam, kadayile pathrangalude srishtiyum pravartthanavum ennivayulppede school vaagdaanam cheiyunna kozhsukalude ennam moonnirattiyaayi. kammyoonisathinte adisthaanangal" enna thalakkettilulla skoolinte "coor kozhs", ratri shifttile thozhilaallikalkulla oru pakal kozhs ulppede aarr vyathyastha klaasukalilaayi padippichu. 1930kalude madhyathode, eee pradhana kozhsile 50 vibhagangal varkkezhs schoolilum newyork nagarathinu chuttumulla saattalait klaas murikalilum vaagdaanam cheythu.
school idaykkide maarksist "klaasikkukalude" vilakuranja pathippukal prasidheekarikkukayo pramukha yiddish bhaashayilulla communist moisaay oolgin ulppede swantham paatapusthakangal puratthirakkukayo cheythu.
adhyapana reethi.
1938-ll athinte pathinanjaam vaarshikathodukoodi, vidyaarthikalude samyuktha charchakalkkaayi pradhana chodyangal unnayikkuka enna lakshyathode hraswa prabhashanangal nadathunna sokrettik reethiyude vyathiyanathinaayi prabhaashanatthinteyum paaraayanatthinteyum parambaraagatha academic formet upekshichu varkkezhs school athintethaaya pedagogic reethi vikasippicheduthu. nyoo englandu mekhalayile oru cheria koottam elaitt liberal arts kolejukalil ninnu kadamedutha eee adhyapana reethi, vidyaarthikalilekku thanne padanatthinte utharavaaditham maattaanaan uddeshichathu.
janangal.
joseph aarr. broadskick skoolumaayi ithuvare nirvachikkappedaatha oru affiliation undaayirunnu.
upadeshaka samiti.
upadeshaka samiti amgangalil ivar ulppedunnu
adhyapakar.
thaazhepparayunnava ulppede niravadhi pramukha idathupakshakkaar avide padippichu 
tution pankaalitthavum.
newyork varkkezhs skoolile pramukha academic vidagthante kanakkanusarichu, part time adthyaapaka jeevanakkaarkk mithamaaya shambalam nalkunnathinaayi vidyaarthi tution fund nalkunna eee sthaapanam pradhaanamaayum svayam pinthunayullathaayirunnu. 1923ll varkkezhs school aarambhicha samayat aazhchayil orikkal 12 aazhcha kozhs meettinginte chelavu 3.50 dolaraayirunnu. 1927ll eee phees 4 dollarayi uyarthi, aazhchayil rund thavana engleesh bhasha prabodhana classukalkku 12 aazhchathekku 6 dollar vilayayirunnu. scholarshippil vidyaarthikale sponsor cheyyaan aagrahikkunna trade unionukalkkum mattu vividha saahodarya samghadanakalkkum kuranja phees labhyamaayirunnu.
newyork nagaratthile jeevithachelavukal vahikkaan paryaapthamallaatha 12 dollar prathivaara shambalathinu pakaramaayi aazhchayil 10 muthal 15 vare klaasukal padippikkunna oru coor teaching staaf. raashtreeyavum saambathikavumaaya kaaranangalal varkkezhs skoolinte administration uyarnna entolment nilavaramullathinaal sajeevamaaya reethiyil klaasukal nadathikkondu schoolil entolment nilanirthaan instructormark mail sammarddam chelutthi.
newyork varkkezhs skoolilekkulla praveshanam communist partyileyum athinte yoothu vibhagamaaya yang communist leagileyum amgangalkku maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyittilla, marichu party ithara vidyaarthikalum ithil ulppettirunnu. vaasthavathil, varkkezhs school oru pariseelana kendramaayi mathramalla, kazhivullavarum anubhavikalumaaya vyakthikale communist partyilekku recruit cheiyunnathinulla oru margamaayum vibhavanam cheyyappettu. skoolile vidyaarthikal kooduthalum thozhilaallivargathil ninnullavarum palappozhum amerikkayilekkulla kudiyettakkaarumaayirunnu. shhoo, vasthrangal, aabharana nirmmaanam, kettidanirmmanavyavasaayal ennivayile thozhilaallikale, restorantukalilum chillaravilppanashaalakalilum jolie cheiyunna vidyaarthikaleppole, prathyekichum nannayi prathinidheekarichu.
1926 avasaanathode 1,000 vidyaarthikalude pankaalittham onnaamathethi. sii. pii. yuu. esinte vidyaabhyaasa parishramatthinte kodumudiyil vaarshika hajar ekadesham 5,000 vidyaarthikalaayirunnu. oduvil varkkezhs school bronks, harlem, brooklin, hudson nadiyude maruvashathulla newyork nagarathinu kuruke niravadhi nyoojezhsi vyavasaya pattanangalil saattalait schoolukal thurakkum.
1927 februvariyil studant kaunsil amgangal prasidheekaranatthinte edittoriyal staafaayi sevanamanushtichukondu school svanthamaayi "vidyaarthi-thozhilaalli" enna maasika aarambhichu. maasikayude aadya lakkathile ulladakkathil bertram dii. yude oru sambhavana ulppedunnu. varkkezhs skoolinte director woolf, athupole thanne skoolinte lakshyangal, adhyapana reethikal, kozhs vishayangalude thiranjeduppu ennivayekkurichu vidyaarthikal nirmmikkunna vasthukkalum.
1929 avasaanathode "1200-ladhikam" pankaalittham kanakkaakkappettirunnu, avaril 20 sathamaanam perr adisthaana engleesh klaasukalilum bakkiyullavar charithram, raashtreeyam allengil mattu party pariseelana kozhsukalilum chernnu. ithu sthaapanathinte puthiya record entolmentine prathinidheekarikkunnu.
newyork varkkezhs school oru ruthenberg library vaayana muriyum paripalikkunnathaayum 1929 octoberil sradhikkappettu, athu ratri 7.30 muthal 9.30 vare thurannirikkum. vidyaarthi maanejmentinu keezhil nadatthaanum skoolile vidyaarthikal nalkia sambhavanakal prasidheekarikkaanumaayi "varkkezhs school jenal" enna campus pathravum aaa divasam aarambhichu.
branch kaambasukal.
newyork sitti eriyayil branks, harlem, brooklin, nyoojezhsiyile tounukal enniva shaakhakal thurannu.
newyork varkkezhs skoolinte pravarthanangalil bhooribhaagavum athinte pradhana soukaryathilaanu nadathiyathenkilum, praveshanakshamatha mechappeduthunnathinaayi cheria branch kaambasukal idaykkide chertthu. 1929 avasaanathode communist party 2700 bronks paarkk eesttil sthithicheyyunna "varkkezhs skoolinte bronks branch" pravarthippichu. motham 60 vidyaarthikal aaa sthalathu sharatkaala kaalavadhi aarambhichu.
swaadheenam.
1920kalude avasaanathil, sakko, vaansetti vichaaranakal, "hands-oof-chaina" (shanghoy koottakkolaykk), "passic releaf" (passic tekstail strikinaayi) ennivayulppedeyulla prashnangalkkayi varkkezhs school vaadichu.
1949ll eph. bii. aiyude rahasya ejantu/informer anchela calomiris phooli square vichaaranaykkide jefezhsan school oof soshyal sarveesilum newyork varkkezhs schoolilum kammyoonisathekkurich "vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukal" eduthathaayi saakshyappeduthi.
1950kalil amerikkayile communist nuzhanjukayattathekkurithu charchayude bhaagamaayi varkkezhs school thudarnnu. udaaharanathinu, 1959-ll, "naashanal review" maasikayile communist virudha edittarum munpu communist adthyaapakanumaaya frank mayer communist pariseelana pravartthanangalude moonnu ghattangalekkurichu saakshyappeduthi 1) pothu prakshobhavum prachaaranavum, 2) haard coor kammyoonistukale roopappeduthal, 3) party aantharika pariseelana schoolukal, avayil avasaanatheth, addeham vishadeekarikkunnathupole.. party kazhchappadil ninnu manassilaakkikkond, kadutha nilapad sweekarikkuka enna lakshyathode, ithinakam unnatha neethrthwa sthaanangale sameepikkunna kammyoonisttine anthima kaadinyam ealppikkuka... <bii. aarr.>
moonnaamathe tharatthilulla parisheelanatthil schoolukal, muzhuvan samaya party schoolukal, praadeshika thalatthilulla-sekshan schoolukal muthal-jilla schoolukal vare, deseeya schoolukal vare, oduvil anthaaraashtra communist prasthaanam varshangalayi vividha perukalil nadathunna anthaaraashtra schoolukal enniva ulppedunnu.
paarambaryamaayi.
oru charithrakaarante kanakkanusarichu, newyork varkkezhs skoolile jeevanakkaarude rashtreeya sainikathayekkurichulla ellah vaadangalkkum, yadhaartha phalam soumyamaayirunnu leninte laghulekhakalilonninekkurali klaas room charchayil ninnu party pravartthakar purathukadannu yuu. esine akramaasakthamaayi aakramikkunnathinte vichitramaaya faantasikal communist virudha prathyayashaasthranjar rasichu.ezz. sarkkar. ennaal, nerittulla pravartthanatthinte vaachaadopavum theruvukalilum, pikkattukalilum, union poraattangalilum communist sidhaanthangal prayogikkaanulla vidyaarthi-staaf sannadhathayum undaayirunnittum, varkkezhs schoolo mattethenkilum party vidyaabhyaasa samrambhamo yuu aayirunnu ennathinu thelivukalonnumilla.ezz. 1917ll russian bolshevikkukal avarude saayudhamaayi samsthaana adikaaram pidichadakkiya smolney instittyoottinu thulyamaaya akkadami."
1930 kalude avasaanathilum 1940 kalude thudakkathilum communist party mattu pradhana american vyavasaya nagarangalil newyork varkkezhs school cheria thothil anukarichu.
muun soviyatt chaaranaya vittekkar chambers thante ormmakkurippukalil varkkezhs schooline (athine addeham "varkkezhs sentar" ennu vilichu) paraamarshichu sakhaavu anchalikka saatt sakhaavu toom oo 'flaherty. vivaradaayakan", "kolayali" ennivayude rachayithavaaya thante prashastha sahodaran liamine dukhathode nizhalil jeevicha oru valia, asanthushtanaaya airish manushyanaayirunnu addeham. avan amithamaayi madyapichirunnu, chilappol union squareile varkkezhs sentarinu munnil avan urangunnathum kadinavum moshavumaayirikkunnath njaan kandittundu.

