
pachappu

pachaniramulla manalo manalkkallo aanu pacha manal allengil pacha manal. eee padam prathyekamaayi vrithaakrithiyilulla pacha daanyangalude sradheyamaaya alavil adangiyirikkunna aazhamillaatha samudra avashishtangalkk baadhakamaan. smectait, gloconite thudangiya mishrita-paaliyulla kaliman daathukkalude misrithamaanu eee daanyangale "gloconical" ennu vilikkunnathu. eathoru gloconitic avashishtathilum pachamanju ayanja reethiyil prayogikkunnu.
roopeekaranam.
jaiva ditrittas kondu sambannavum avashishta inputt kuravullathumaaya anoxic samudra parithasthithikalil pachakkari roopappedunnu. samudra parithasthithikalil shekharichirikkunna pachamarunnukal nyoojezhsiyude avasaanathe creatasius nikshepangal pole phoosil sambannamaayirikkum.
sambhavam.
vadakkan, padinjaaran europe, vadakke america, thekkukizhakkan brazeel, vadakke aphrica ennividangalil ninnu pradhana exposureukal ariyappedunnu. englandile mukalileyum thaazheyumulla pachappukalaanu ariyappedunnathum pradhaanappettathumaaya pachappulla pradeshangal, avaa nyoojezhsiyudeyum delaveyarinteyum theeradesha samathalangalkk adisthaanamaaya eosene, cretatius avashishta nirakalkkullil kaanapedunnu. phenerosoic, pilkkala precambrian avashishta nikshepangaliludaneelam pachamanju kandethiyittundengil, eosene, cambrian, cretatius avashishta nikshepangalil ithu ettavum saadhaaranamaanennu thonnunnu.
brazeel.
brazeelil, neoproterosoic/ediyaakaaran kaalaghattatthile sera daa souded roopeekaranathilppetta bambui groupilppetta gloconitic silttston yoonittukalil ninnu ulppaadippikkunna valatheyaanu greensand soochippikkunnathu. minas geraayisile alto paranaiba mekhalayile sera daa soudaade ridjilaanu puramthallalukal sambhavikkunnath. gloconite (40-80%), pottasyam feldspar (10-15%), quarts (10-60%), muscovite (5 sathamaanam), cheria alavil biotite (2 sathamaanam), goittait (<1 sathamaanam), titanium, manganese ooksaidukal (<1 sathamaanam), beriyam phoosphett, apoorva bhouma moolakangalaaya phosphettukal (<1 sathamaanam) enniva chernna oru cheli-kaliman avashishta paarayaan ithu.
pottaashinte sambannamaaya alavu 8 muthal 12 sathamaanam vare keey2oo gradeukalum kanam vare gloconitic alavumaayi bandhappettathum irunda pacha niramullathumaanu. gloconite odhejinik aanu, valare pakwathayullathaanu. eee dhaathuvinte uyarnna saandrata kuranja sedimenteshan nirakkulla oru nikshepa paristhithiyumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. bambui thadatthile uyarnna thothilulla vellappokkathinte falamaanu gloconitic silttston. aciditic magmetic arck (foreland basin) ulla bhookhanda marjin parithasthithiyile supraakrastal feldsic moolakangalil ninnaan sedimentari uthbhavam.
grettu brittan.
grettu brittanil, greensand saadhaaranayaayi aadyakaala cretatius yugathile prathyeka paaranirakale soochippikkunnu. mukalile pachappum thaazhathe pachappum thammil oru vyathyasam kaanikkunnu. greensand enna padam aadyam vilyam smith englandinte padinjaarulla gloconitic manalkkallukalil prayogikkukayum pinneedu manjinte samanamaaya nikshepangalkkaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu, randaamathethu yadhaarthathil golt kalimannu kondu verthirikkapetta rund vyathyastha roopangalaanennu prashamsikkappedunnathin munbu. mukalile pachappu orikkal "maalm" allengil "padinjaaran sussexinte maalm roock" ennum ariyappettirunnu."
lunden thadatthinum manjalkkum chuttumulla scarp charivukalil mukalilum thaazheyumulla pachamanjukalude puramthallalukal kaanapedunnu. velutha kuthirayude thaazhvarayil, bedfordshire kent, surre, southu dauns desheeyodyaanam, hamshareile mattidangal, ail oof vaitt, dorsettile jurassic theeram ennividangalil pramukha seemukal kaanapedunnu.
phalabhooyishtatha muthal valare anuvimukthamaaya vare pachamanjile mannu valare vaividyamaarnnathaanu. phalabhooyishtamaaya mannil chestnattum hassel, ookku ennivayude staandukalum saadhaaranamaanu, athesamayam scott pine, birch enniva daridramaaya mannil kolanivalkkarikkunnu. eee pachappu niranja malancherivukal janapriyamaaya deerghadoora nadattha paathakalaanu, udaaharanathinu kentile pachappu vazhi.
pachappu kuranja.
lover greensand (lunden thadatthinu vadakkulla vobarn manal ennariyappedunnu) aptian kaalaghattatthilaanu. manjil thaazhathe pachamannil bhaagikamaayi diacronous aaya naalu nikshepangal adangiyirikkunnu etherfield kalimannu kattiyullathum naadodi kallu kattiyullathum haith kattiyullathum manal gettu kattiyullathumaya kidakkakal. lunden thadatthinte vadakkum thekkum bhagathaayi kaanappedunnundengilum thadatthinu thaazheyulla chokku groupinu thaazheyulla ellaayidathum ithu kaanapedunnilla; pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagathinum keezhil mannolicha jurassic allengil devonian paarakalilaanu eee golt sthithicheyyunnathu.
mukalile pachappu.
mukalile pachappu albian kaalaghattatthilaanu. golt kalimanninekkaal sakthamaaya pravaahamulla pradeshangalil nikshepichirikkunna manal lithophaasikale ithu prathinidheekarikkunnu. thaazhnna pachappu pole ithu lunden thadatthinu thaazheyonnum kaanapedunnilla, dunstable, tatsfield ennivaykkidayilulla oru rekhayude kizhakk vashathayi golt kalimannilekkum landante kizhakk bhaagathekku anishchithathvathilumaanu.
blackdown kunnukalum eest devon peedabhoomiyum haldon kunnukalum ulppede englandinte thekkupadinjaaran bhaagath uyarnna pachamanjinte puranthallalukal sambhavikkunnu, ithu orikkal valare vishalamaaya pradeshatthinte avashishtangalaan.
gunangalum upayogangalum.
pachamanjinte pacha niram valare kuranja kaalavastha prathirodhamulla irumbu pottasyam silikkett aaya gloconite enna daathuvaanu; thalphalamaayi, pachamanju durbalav pottunnathum aayirikkum. jaiva poonthottaparipaalanathilum kaarshika valangalilum pottaasyatthinte uravidamenna nilayil ithu oru saadhaarana gadakamaanu. pachamarunnukal adangiya gloconite athinte raasa-vinimaya gunangalkkayi vaattar softnaraayi upayogikkunnu. manganese ooksaid (manganese greensand ennu vilikkunnu) pothinja pachamannu kinner jalasamskarana samvidaanangalil niyantritha piechu saahacharyangalil oru ooksidant, saadhaaranayaayi pottasyam permaankanettu cherthu alinja (kuranja) irumbum manganese neekkam cheyyaan upayogikkunnu. pachappu saadhaaranamaaya pradeshangalil kallu mathilukalkkulla oru tharam parayaayum ithu upayogikkunnu.
brittanile roman kaalaghattatthil, ooksfoordshire manpaathra choolakalil uthppaadippikkunna mortaarukalude (araykkunna pathrangal) aantharika uparithalathe varivariyayi nirthaan thaazhnna pachamannil ninnu uruthirinja parukkan grittukal upayogichirunnu.
aduthide, gloconitic pachakkari oru janapriya jaiva mannu bhedagathiyaayi maari. gloconite pachamarunnukalude sushiragunangal vellavum dhaathukkalum agiranam cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu, ithu jalasechanavum poshaka vitharanavum kooduthal kaaryakshamamakkunnu (soyil contitioner kaanuka). kaliman mannil adhika jalam agiranam cheyyaanum manal mannil jalakshamam thadayaanum pachamanju upayogikkaam.