
newa viskaaya, nyoo spain

spanish paryavekshanam cheyyukayum sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheytha puthiya speyininte vadakku bhaagathulla aadyathe pravisyayaanu newa viskaaya ("puthiya biscay"). innu chihuvahuva, duranco ennee samsthaanangalum meksikkoyile kovahilayude thekkupadinjaaran pradeshavum ithil ulppedunnu.
aadyakaala paryaveshanavum viceroyalttiyum.
1531ll neuno beltran dii gusmante paryaveshanathodeyaanu eee pradeshathe spanish paryavekshanam aarambhichath. thaan sthaapicha pradhana nagarathinu addeham thante janmasthalathinteyum thaan keezhadakkiya pradeshamaaya "konkvistta dell espirittu saanto dii laa mayer espana" ("grettar speyininte parishudhaathmaavinte vijayam") yudeyum peril villa dii gwadalajara ennu perittu. spanish reejant raajnjiyaaya jovana ithinu pakaram "newo rino dii galeeshya" ("galeeshyayude puthiya raajyam") enna peru nalki.
prathyekichu francisco dii ibaarayude neethrthwathil, sacatecassinu chuttum velli kandethiyathinethudarnn vaasasthalangal bhookhandathinte ulbhaagathekku vadakkott neengi. speyinile thante maathrraajyamaaya biskeyude peril ibara puthiya pradeshathinu newa viskaaya ennu perittu. aadhunika meksikkan samsthaanangalaaya chihuvahuva, duranco, sonora vaii sinalovayude kizhakkan bhagangal, kohuilayude thekkupadinjaaran bhagam enniva newa viskaayayil ulppedunnu. gwadalajarayile raajasadasyarudeyum athinte presidentinteyum bharanathin keezhilaayirunnu eee pradesham.
borbon parishkaarangalude bhaagamaayi, vaisroythiyude vadakkan pravishyakal 1777-ll vadakku pravisyakalil commandancy generalayi samghadippikkappettu. aabhyanthara pravishyakal yadhaarthathil puthiya spanish vaisroyiyil ninnu swathanthramaayi pravartthikkaan roopakalppana cheythirunnuvenkilum saambathikamaayi pinthuna nalkiyathinaal avarkk taamasiyaathe avarude svayambharanaavakaasham nashtappettu. 1787ll saambathikavum janasamkhyaaparavumaaya valarcha prolsaahippikkunnathi durangoyil oru uddeshyam sthaapikkappettu. sonorayile arispeyil mattoru uddeshyavum sthaapichu. 1788ll aabhyanthara pravishyakale kizhakkum padinjaarum enningane rund kamaandansikalaayi vibhajichu. 1788 muthal 1793 vare, rund kamaandansikalum veendum onnikkunnathuvare newa viskaaya padinjaaran aabhyanthara pravishyakalude bhaagamaayi. 1813ll kireedam eratta kamaandansikal veendum punasthaapikkukayum 1821ll swaathanthryam labhikkunnathuvare eee vibhajanam thudarukayum cheythu.
swaathanthryasamaram.
1810ll meksikkan swaathanthryasamaram aarambhichu. newa viscaya veruthevittilla. mygual hidalgo pidichadakkunnathinu oru maasam munbu, niravadhi kalaapakaarikale thadavilaakkukayum 1812-nte thudakkathil saan fraansiskoyil noorukanakkinu aalukal thammilulla samgharsham nadakkukayum cheythu.
kaadeesile korttukale veendum vilichukoottaanulla sarkkaarinte aahvaanathin sesham, newa viskaaya juvan jose gurena courtasilekkulla avarude deputy aayi thiranjedutthu. 1811 epril 4 muthal 1813 septambar 10 nuu marikkunnathuvare sevanamanushticha gurena 1812 leeii spanish bharanaghadanayil oppuvachayalaayirunnu. bharanaghadanaykku pravisyakalil nalla sveekaaryatha labhichuvenkilum 1813 ll viceroi suspended cheythu. bharanaghadanaye pinthunacha colonial liberalukal athu punasthaapikkaanulla niyamaparavum niyamaparavumaaya sramangal thudarnnu. 1814 avasaanathode, jose felix trespalasios juvan pablo kaballero chihuvahuvayil oru pottippurappedal aasoothranam cheythenkilum aaa nagaratthil ninnu padinjaaran bhagam ippol niyanthrikkunna kamaandant general garzia kondeykk eee goodaalochana velippeduthi. addeham udan thanne pradhana goodaalochanakkaare arast cheythuvenkilum adhikaarikaludeyum purohithanmaarudeyum shramangaliloode aaa aalukalkk mapp nalkappettu. 1820ll duraankoyile opathanmaarude oru hraswa kalapam gurutharamaaya rakthachorichilukalonnu adichamarthappettu.
yuddham vadakkan athirthiyeyum apakadathilaakki. naadodi gothrangale samaadhaanippikkunnathinaayi pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil viceroyaltti sthaapicha vyapara, kappam sambradaayam yuddham moolam thakarnnu. eee kaalayalavil chihuvahuva puthiya appaache reydukal anubhavikkan thudangi. athesamayam pathittaandukalkk munbu adichamarthappetta jesuitukalkku avarude dauthyangal punarnirmikkaan anuvaadam nalki. aduthide vangiya louisiana pradeshatthinte franch athirthikal pinthudarnna yuva americayumaayi samgharshangal vardhichu, spain svanthamaayi kanakkakkiya niravadhi pradeshangal ulppede. 1819-ll, tarkka pradesham paryavekshanam cheyyaan paryavekshakanaaya sebulan paikkine ayaykkukayum adhikrithar arast cheyyukayum cheythu.
swatantra meksikoo.
1821ll spanish bharanaghadana punasthaapichappol, mariano dii yuriaye newa viskaayayude "jephe polattikko" (govarnor) aayi sthaapichu, athesamayam kazhinja moonnu varshamaayi sivil, sainika govarnoraayi durangoyil phalapradamaayi bharicha antonio cordero vaii bustamaanteykku padinjaarile kamaandant general padavi nalki aadarichu.
aaa varsham avasaanam general augustin dii iterbide visorigal adhikaarikalkkethire uyarnnuvannappol oru vazhithirivu vannu. newa galeeshyayude govarnor uddeshakanumaaya general jose dii laa cruze rajakeeya lakshyathinaayi anthima sramam nadatthaan durangoilekku pinwangi. 1821 juulai 4nuu sakattekasilum sameepa pradeshangalilum ninnu palayanam cheytha udyogastharodoppam noorukanakkinu sainikarude sainyavumayi addeham aaa nagaratthil praveshichu. itarbaidinte lefttanant, pedro celestino neegrett, pinthudarnnu august aadyam ekadesham 3,000 aalukalumayi nagaram uparodhichu. moonnazhchayilereyaayi dii laa cruze nadannu. kanatha shellakramanavum idaykkide parakalum ulppetta pooraattatthil addehathinte senaykk kanatha nashtam sambhavichu. august 30 nuu, deey laa kroosinte prathirodhatthil oru durbalamaaya pooyint kandethiya neegrett, athinu ethire oru peeranki baattari sthaapikkukayum nirnaayaka nettam nedukayum cheythu. niravadhi koorumattangalaal addehathinte sainyam kurayukayum septambar 3 nuu dii laa cruze oru vedinirthal amgeekarikkukayum kaaval seena keezhadangukayum cheythu. raajyam vittu spainilekku pookaan avarkk poornna bahumaanavum anumathy nalki.
oru varshathinullil aadyathe meksikkan saamrajyam thakarnnu. ippol chakravarthiyaaya itarbaidinethire sainyam uyarnnu. chihuvahuva kalaapathil pankuchernnu. thudakkathil durango eee prasthaanatthe athirthirunnuvenkilum 1823 march 5 nuu sainyavum mekhalayile pothusamoohavum anukoolamaayi svayam prakhyaapichu. kamaandant general cordero vaii bustamaantteyum, durangoyile sivil, sainika govarnor brigadier I umm raajivachu. dell corell. gaspar dii oochoova puthiya kamaandant generalum juvan navarro durangoyude govarnor aayi.
chihuvahuva, duranco ennee federal samsthaanangalude roopeekaranam.
1823 juulai 19nuu supreme kongras newa viscaya chihuvahuva, duranco ennee rund pravisyakalaayi vibhajichu. chihuvaahuvayude thalasthaanathinu nagaramenna padavi labikkukayum oru pravishya kaunsilinte ("deputatian pravishya") aasthaanamaayi maarukayum cheythu. 100, 000thiladhikam janasamkhyayulla chihuvaahuvaykku oru prathyeka bharanathil ninnu prayojanam labhichu. palappozhum durango vidooravum chilappol sahakarikkaathathumaanennu ithu kandethiyirunnu. athinidayil, rajyathinaayi oru puthiya bharanaghadana ezhuthappedumbol, meksikkan pravishyakal svayam samsthaanangalaayi maari. chihuvahuvayil ninnum durangoyil ninnumulla oru party muun pravisyakaleyum nyoo meksikoo ulppedeyulla rund pravisyakaleyum veendum onnippichu oru puthiya samsthaanam-estado inteno dell norte-srishtikkaan kongrasine thaalkkaalikamaayi prerippichu. athinte thalasthaanam chihuvahuvayilaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, valia janasamkhyayum uyarnna vibhavangalum kaaranam thalasthaanam nilanirthukayo puthiya samsthaanathu ninnu verpeduthukayo cheyyanamennu aavasyappettu duranco ethirppukal unnayichu. 1824 meyy 22num juulai 6num verpiriyal sthireekarichu. nyoo meksikoo federal gavanment nerittu bharikkunna oru prathyeka pradeshamaayi maari. adutha varsham iru samsthaanangalum avarude bharanaghadana puratthirakki. chihuvahuva pathinonnu deputymar adangunna oru niyamanirmmaana samiti sthaapichu, athesamayam duranco ezhu amgangalude senattum oru adosabhayum ulla dvisabha samsthaana niyamanirmmanasabha srishtichu.