
bonbrook

englandile thekkupadinjaaran birminghamile oru vyaavasaayika, paarppida jillayaan bonbrook, bonbrook aandu sellie paarkkinte wardilum birmingham sellie ookkinte paarlamentari niyojakamandalathilumaanu. 2018 nuu munbu ithu sellie ookku kaunsil vaardilaayirunnu. 1911 november 9 nuu praabalyatthil vanna grettar birmingham act ennu saadhaaranayaayi vilikkappedunnathinu munbu, boonn aruvi vorsestarshayarude vadakkukizhakkan athirthiyaayirunnu, eee pradesham praadeshikamaayi bharichirunnathu raajaavinte norttan, northfield arban distrikt kaunsilaanu.
kerbis pools ennariyappedunna victorian ozhivusamaya paarkkin perukettathaayirunnu bonbrook. kanaalukalude nirmmaanatthe thudarnnundaaya vyavasaayam purathana selliyude bhoopradeshathe maattimarichu. lapal thurankam vazhiyulla vorsestar, birmingham kanaalinteyum netharttan kanaalinteyum junction karutha rajyath ninnulla kanatha asamskritha vasthukkalkkaayi oru vitharana kendram srishtichu. rund kanaalukaludeyum iruvashathum pradhana vyavasaayangal vikasichu. muun sellie hill, sellie grove, sellie ookku estettukal ennividangalil mechappetta thozhil cheiyunnavarkkaayi terroused housing nirmmichirunnu. hye street chillara vilppana, vinodam, pothu sevanangal enniva nalki.
edjbaasttanile sarr henry goo kaalthorppinte swath kanal billile chattangalaal samrakshikkappettu, ithu mattu niyantritha elavukalkkoppam vaarvukal, warehouseukal, mattu kettidangal ennivayude nirmmaanam nirodhikkunnu. 1860ll royal warwickshare rejimentinte aadyathe sannadha bataaliyan ennariyappettirunna burmingham raifil corpsinte pariseelana kendramaayi vaattarkozhsinte warwickshare bhaagathulla bonbrook raifil rench thurannu. birminghamil ninnulla tramukal thudakkathil sellie ookku gettilo tenpaikku roadile kaundi athirthiyilo gann barrell public housilo nirtthi. kerbiyude kulangalilekku vaaraanthyangalil vipuleekritha sevanangal nadannu.
birmingham sarvakalaashaalayude pradhana kaambasinaduthaayi sthithi cheiyunna eee pradeshathe niravadhi veedukal sarvakalaashaalayile vidyaarthikalkkaayi swakaarya bhavanangalil ninnu homosai (onniladhikam thozhilukalulla veedukal) parivartthanam cheythittundu. eee sanbradaayathinu marupadiyaayi, sellie ookkinte pathinaalu community grouppukal 'vaangaan anuvadikkuka, parivartthanam cheyyuka' enna pradhana prasnangal pariharikkunnathinayi 'sii. pii. 4. ezz. oo' (sellie ookkinaayulla community pankaalittham) enna oru federation roopeekarichu. 2001 joolaiyil amgeekaricha praadeshika karmapadhathi, bristtol rooad, healey rooad, raadilbaan rooad, bonbrook rooad ennivaykkidayilulla pradeshathu niyanthrana mekhala nirddeshichathaayi thirichariyunnu. eee pradeshathinullil kooduthal aavasyangalkkaayi nirmmicha vidyaarthi thaamasathinulla anumathi nirasikkappedaam. aaril kooduthal aalukal thamasikkunnatho allengil aalukal otta veedaayi thamasikkunnatho aaya veedukal parivartthanam cheiyunnathinu aasoothrana anumathi aavasyamaanu. aasoothrana mekhalayiludaneelam aasoothrana amgeekaaram nirasikkappedaam, pakshe prathyekichu niyanthrana mekhalaykkullil."
toponymi.
shudhajalavum vellathil mungiya jalasasyangalum ullathum charalppalangal ullathumaaya aruviyo aruviyo ennarthamulla pazhaya engleesh padamaaya bornayil ninnaan 'boonn' enna peru uruthirinjathu. ithinu vipareethamaayi 'brock' saadhaaranayaayi vellam niracha cheli niranja aruvikale soochippikkunnu. saadhaaranayaayi rund vaakkukalum ganyamaaya valippamulla aruvikalkkayi upayogichirunnu.
gathagathavum ashayavinimayavum.
roadukal
pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil bristtol rooad thirikkappettu. 1771 nuu munbu roadinte yadhaartha line edjbaasttan paarkk rodiloode kadannupoyi, athu bonbrook roadinu ethirvashathu aarambhich edjbaasttan paarkkinadutthaayi, priyari rooad, charchu rooad, arther rooad, veelees rooad, baath roow, holloway head, smallbrook ringway ennivaykkoppam. 1771ll 5,000 poundu chelavil oru puthiya tenpaikku vibhaagam nirmikkappettu, ithu bristtol streettil ninnu aarambhich gann baaralukalile pazhaya roadle cherunnu.
1870kalil aarambhicha kuthiravandi tram sarvees bonbrook hotel vare neendu. 1880 juulai 2 nuu hugues monmouthu streettinum bonbrookkinum idayil oru pareekshanathmaka neeravi sevanamaanu nadathiyathu, randaamathethu irupathiyanchu minittinullil enchinil gadippichirikkunna yaathrakkaarude kaar looad upayogichu marikadannu. 1890 muthal 1900 vare birminghamine bonbrookkumaayi bandhippikkunna baattari tramukal upayogathilundaayirunnu. oru varshathinusesham baattarikalkk pakaram electric kebilukal avatharippichu. dalish roadinum tiverton roadinum edayilulla tram shedukal ippol dooper haal oof residence aanu. dalish roadile depoic pakaram 1927ll chaappal leynil thuranna dippo sthaapichu. haarbon lainile dippo tramukalkku pakaram basukalkkaayi upayogichirunnu. muun bristtol rooad tram rootum athinte dippokalum 1952-ll basukalaal maattisthaapichu. dippo 1986-ll adachupoottukayum axus storeju sentaraayi upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu.
kanaalukal
1798ll lapal thurankavum dudley kanal poortthiyaakkukayum kanatha vyavasayathinulla asamskritha vasthukkal, prathyekichu kalkari, chunnaambu enniva karutha rajyath ninnu sellie ookkilekkum thudarnnu severn nadiyilekkum allengil stratford-appon-avan kanal vazhi oxfordilekkum landanilekkum kondupookukayum cheythu. 1791ll aarambhicha vorsestar, birmingham kanal 1815ll birminghamile vorsestar baar uyarthunnathiloode poortthiyaayi. bonbrook muthal lifeford vare athinte theerangalil vyaavasaayika pravartthanangal vikasichu. sarr henry goff-kaalthorppinte swath samrakshikkunnathinaayi addehathinte sammathamillaathe vaarvukalum warehouseukalum mattu kettidangalum nirmmikkunnath nirodhichukondu billil ulppeduthiya vyavasthakal kaaranam edjbaastanumaayulla athirthiyil vyavasaayam pettennu nirtthi. 1872 meyy 26nuu veelees roadinu sameepamulla karaa, sameepathulla swathukkalkku ganyamaaya kedupaadukal varuthi. 1873leeii oru karaaranusarichu eee kanal glousestar aandu berkley kanal kambanikku vittu, allengil sharpness doock kambani. dudley kanaalil oru boatward sthaapikkukayum varshangalolam sanyasi kudumbam nadathukayum cheythu. 1917ll avasaanamaayi melkoora thakarnnath lapal thurankam adachupoottaan kaaranamaayi. kaaliforniyayile ishtika panikalil ninnu ishtikakal kondupookunna kanal upayogikkunnathu thudarnnu. puthiya sainsbury saittiloode kanaalinte bhagam veendum thurakkaanulla padhathi nadannuvarikayaanu. oduvil halesovanile kanaline veendum bandhippikkumenn prathekshikkunnu.
railway
granville streettil ninnu kings norttan vareyulla birmingham vestt suburban railway line 1876 ll anchu steshanukalode thurannu. 280, 400 poundu chelavil single track erattiyaakkukayum granville streettil ninnu nyoo streettilekk vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu, angane midu land railwake pattanatthiloode nerittu kadannupokaanaakum. ithu pinneedu midu land reyilveyil ulppeduthukayum terminus puthiya theruvakki maattukayum cheythu. valia yudhasamayathu naashanashtangal sellie ookkilekku konduvarikayum puthiya yooniversitti oof birmingham kettidangalil sthaapicha aadyathe thekkan, general sainika aashupathriyilekku maattukayum cheythu. oru karayum multy-aarch vioduct vazhi bristtol rodiloode railway gathagatham nadatthi. 1920kalil puthiya uyarnna tramukalkku thaazhekku kadannupokaan vayadakttinte madhyabhagam nilavile urukk palathal maatti. puthiya paalam alpam vyathyasthamaaya vinyaasam pinthudarnnu. vinsentinte thadi depoyil upayogichirunna kamanangal aduthide neekkam cheythittundu. oru kaalath 300 vaaganukal vare vahikkaan kazhiyunna ganyamaaya charakk sidingukal undaayirunna pradesamaanu nilavile kaar parking. sidingukal pradhaanamaayum kalkari ethikkaan upayogichirunnuvennu mathramalla oru kalkari vyaapaari varshangalolam eee sthalathu nilkkukayum cheythu. cross-sitti lainile sellie ookku railway steshan bonbrookkinu sevanam nalkunnu, ithu birmingham nyoo street, litchfield trent vaali, bromsgrove, reddich steshanukal ennividangalilekku sevanangal nalkunnu.
charithram.
charitraatheethakaalam
boonn aruviyil venkalayugathile kathikkarinja kunnukalude thelivukal kandethiyittundu. ivaykku gaarhika upayogamundennum bear nirmmaanatthino sounakalkko ullathayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunnathil sameepat charithraatheethakaalatthe oru vaasasthalam undayirikkaam ennathaanu ardham. charithraatheethakaalatthe cheria kashanagal, orupakshe irumbu yugam, manpathrangal, oru kashanam varkk philnt enniva 1996 ll sellie paarkk vinoda maitanath kandethi, ithu sameepathulla oru irumbu yuga faamstedinte sthalathe soochippikkunnu.
roman
droitvichil ninnu kooduthal vadakkum padinjaarum sthalangalilekku uppu polulla saadhanangal vitharanam cheiyunna oru sthalam aduthulla oru sthalathaanu mechli kotta. avar nilavilulla trackukal naveekarikkaan saadhyathayund. chila ghattangalil avarkk aruvi kadakkendivanene, bonbrook pradesham vellappokkathilaya kaalayalavukalil praadeshika pinthuna labhikkanulla saadhyathayundennu thonnunnu.
anglo-saaksan
1911 vare vorsestarshayarinum staffordshireinum (haarbon) warwicksharinum (edjbaasttan) edayilulla purathana anglo-saaksan athirthiyaayirunnu boonn aruvi. muun gothraraajyangale adisthaanamaakki 1016 muthal 1042 vare danish rajaakkanmaarude bharanakaalathaanu midu land shearukalude athirthikal sthaapikkappettathu. oru pradeshatthinteyo estettinteyo athirthi thirichariyaan bhauthika savisheshathakal pathivayi upayogichirunnu. bonbrook kugramam boonn aruviyude crossing pooyintil vikasichu. oro shearileyum prabhukkanmaarude samgamasthalamaayirunnirikkaam athu. peeranki hill paarkkin sameepam riyaa nadiyilekku ozhukunna boonn aruvi ward athirthiyaanu.
boonn brook millukal.
niravadhi noottaandukalaayi power millukalil boonn aruvi thudarchayaayi upayogichirunnu. 1891 vare haarbon mill staafordshayarilaayirunnu. pebble millum edjbaasttan millum vaarvikshayarilaayirunnu. edjbaasttan kulatthil ninnulla aruvikalude ettavum padinjaaru bhaagathulla bristtol rodinaduthulla boonn aruviyil cherunna mattoru milline 1787-9 ll kaanichu. edjbaasttan kulatthil ninnu ozhukunna aruvikk vellam nalkunna innathe kizhakkan roadinu sameepam sthithi cheiyunna leonard paraamarsikkunna emr spooriyarinte udamasthathayilulla pazhaya silver rolling millayirikkaam ithu.
velee, sellie ennivaykkulla leckmer taxes rolukalil oru millarekurichu paraamarshichittundu. oru puraavastu khananathil boonn aruvi nereyaakkiyathum mill leettinte nirmmanavum soochippikkunnathu boonn brook millinte uthbhavam madhyakaalamaanennum ekadesham athe sthalathu oru millo millukaloo 500-600 varshangalayi nilaninnirunnuvennum soochippikkunnu. avashishta jalasambharanikalil ninnulla nikshepangal pathinanjaam noottaandileyum pathinaram noottaandileyum radio kaarban aayirunnu. eee kulathilekku ozhukunna malsyakkulangalum madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathilaayirikkanam. madhyakala millinte sthaanam kandethanulla kooduthal avasaram praadeshikavum praadeshikavumaaya gaveshana chakrangale ariyikkaan upayogapradamaakum.
pathinaram noottaandil raajakudumbathinu boonn aruviyil oru fulling mill undaayirunnu. henry camben dhii elder enna katthi cutter 1707-ll govarinte krishiyidathinte bhaagath oru blade mill nirmmichu. 1727-ll eee millu oru pichala sthaapakanaaya henry carverinu nalkappettu. healey aandu kambani enna thokku nirmmathaakkal 1816ll eee millu kaivashappeduthiyathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. 1839leeii patthaam bhagam jaims kerbiyude udamasthathayilulla bhoomiyil oru vyaajarekha ulppeduthiyathaayi kaanikkunnu. 1861-ll boonn brook estettu (vorcestershire) vilkkunnathinulla oru parasyam khanana jillayude kurachu doorathinullil boonn brook irumbu kambaniyude kaivashamulla oru rolling milline vivarikkunnu. irumbu sthaapakanum loha rollerumaaya noha fellos 1863-ll ithu kaivashappedutthi. 1873-ll peyint nirmmathaavaaya arther holden aayirunnu athinte udama. 1880 muthal frederic spooriyar 1908-ll henry spooriyarumaayi chernnu rollinginaayi mill pravarthichu.
krishiyidangal.
1839ll sellie ookkil ezhu krishiyidangal undayirunnathaayi dasaamsha bhoopadam kaanikkunnu. sellie phaam yudhapaathayudeyum sent steefans roadinteyum moolayilaayirunnu. 1809ll ithine paraamarshichirunnu. 1970kalil ithu oru petrol filling steshan upayogichu maattisthaapichu, ippol ithu sent steefans court, vidyaarthikalude appaartmentaanu. 1776leeii oru paraamarshatthil raadilbaan phaam munbu raddle baann doorr phaam aayirunnu. ithinu 50 ekkar sthalamundaayirunnu, ithu pradhaanamaayum kannukaalikale meyikkaan upayogichirunnu. 1974ll aadhunika terrous veedukalude oru varii upayogichu maattisthaapikkunnathuvar phaam house nilaninnu. 1990 vare eee goshala oru thunitharakkadakalaayum cuplan kadakalaayum upayogichu. bonbrook phaam eksittar, dalish rodukalude samgamasthaanathaayirunnu. bonbrook forge aandu millinte udamasthanaaya thokku nirmmathaavaaya joonn heeliyude udamasthathayilaayirunnu ithu. 1870-kalil estettinte vikasanam aarambhikkunnathin thottumunbu eee track bristtol rooad vare neelunna oru rodaayi maari. vardhichuvarunna vyavasaayavalkkaranathinte bhoomi nirmmikkanulla aavashyathinteyum sammarddathil mattu krishiyidangal kramena aprathyakshamaayi. sellie hill phaam oru cheria naadan vasathiyaya sellie hill hausaakki maattukayum langleys phaam 'langleys' aayi maarukayum cheythu.
kerbiyude kulangal.
1839-leeii northfield edavaka, vorsestarshayarinulla dasaamsha bhoopadavum vibhajanavum kaanikkunnath bonbrookkil jaims kerbick 43 ekkar bhoomi undayirunnathaayi kaanikkunnu, athil kulangal, oru forge, bell, showell inn enniva ulppedunnu. bonbrookkile oru victorian ananda resortaayirunnu kerbiyude kulangal. boatingin mathsyabandhanathinumaayi neekkivacha moonnu kulangal koodaathe oru ozhivusamaya udyaanavum undaayirunnu. resortil vaagdaanam cheiyunna vinodavum soukaryangalum aaswadikkaan aalukal dhaaraalam yaatra cheyyum. baroyude praanthapradeshathulla, bristtol rodilulla, munkaalangalil prashasthamaaya bhakshanashaalakalilum theyilathottangalilum onnaayirunnu" ennu showell ithine visheshippikkunnu. vedikkettu pradarshanangal polulla vividha aakarshanangalum paripaadikalum undaayirunnu. birminghamil ninnu nadakkaan kazhiyunna akalatthil mathsyabandhanathinulla churukkam chila sthalangalil onnaayirunnu ithu. chila apakadangal undaayi 1875 meyy 17nuu boat thakaraarilaayappol laurence joys mungimarikkukayum 1876 juulai 23nuu rund perr mungimarikkukayum cheythu.
1880kalil kanatha vyavasaayangalude vyaapanavum thozhilaallikaayi terrous cheytha bhawana nirmmanavum pradeshatthinte grameena aakarshanam kurachathinaal kulangal niranju. 1878ll bonbrookkil oru krikkatt malsaram nadannu. 1878 juun 25 budhanaazhcha uchathirinju kalii aarambhikkumbol kuranjathu 3,000 kaanikalenkilum sannihitharaayirunnu. kalii avasaanichappozhekkum eee ennam 12,000 aayi uyarnnirunnu. aadya rund divasam baiting, bowling, feelding enniva mikachathaayirunnu. avasana divasam idiminnalode pitch vellappokkathil kalashikkukayum kalii upekshikkukayum cheythu.
sellie ookku instittyoott.
jorjju cadbury muthirnnavarude school prasthaanatthile oru adthyaapakanaayirunnu. addeham thante choklettu factory bornvilleyilekku maattiyappol, thozhilaalisanghathe sevikkunnathinaayi sellie ookku, stitchli, northfield ennividangalil addeham nirmmicha sthaapanangal srishtichu. sellie ookku, bonbrook graamangalile thozhilaallikaayi thaan nirmmicha coffey house, suhruthukkalude samoohathinum mattu grouppukalude upayogathinum oru meating sthalam ulppeduthunnathinaayi, 1894-ll addeham vipuleekarichu. eliyattinte mettal kambaniyude maanejarkk eliyattinu workman haal aavashyamaayi vannappol, muthirnnavarkkulla school bonbrookkile sellie ookku instittyoottilekk maari. instittyoott oru listt cheytha kettidamaanu. moonnu billiard tableukal, moonnu kammitti murikal, kacherikalkkum naadakeeya prakadanatthinum anuyojyamaaya oru valia haal ennivayulla oru valia club room undennu ithine visheshippichirunnu. oru gaayakasanghavum oru band ulppede vividha samghangal avide othukoodi. vyaapaarikalum nirakk nalkunnavarudeyum association maasathil randuthavana avide kodathi nadathunna police ulppedeyullavar eee sthaapanam upayogichirunnu. 1899-ll saikkil yaathrakkaarude aayudangal enna oru temperance bhakshanashaalayude peril athu abhimaanikkunnu. 1937ll jananam, vivaham, maranam ennivayude releaving offeesarinteyum rajistraarinteyum vilaasavum purushanmaarude soshyal club, penkuttikalude gymnastic club, sellie ookku corell union, nritham padippicha miss kristeen boys ennivarude vilaasavumaayirunnu athu. instittyoott muthirnnavarkkulla vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukal nadathunnathum aduthide hubert rooad parisarathekku maattiya community grouppukalkku soukaryamorukkunnathum thudarnnu.
sellie ookku vaattar pumping steshan.
oru franch gothik chappalinu samanamaaya uyaramulla ishtikayum terracotta kettidavum sellie ookku vaattar pumping steshanaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil nagaratthinte praanthapradeshangalil nirmmicha aarr kinarukal kaaranam birmingham pradeshathudaneelam pipe vellam kramena labhyamaayi. 1870kalil birmingham korppareshan vaattar department nirmmichathaanenkilum 1879 vare joseph chamberline ithu thurannilla. 1904-ll elan vaali pipeline vijayakaramaya nirmmaanathetthudarnnu, adiyanthara saahacharyangalil kinner nilanirtthiyenkilum oduvil 1920-ll adachu. beam enchin nirmmichathu messermaaraan.'jaims vaatt aandu qoo. oro divasavum 1/4 dasalaksham gallen uthppaadippichu. eee sthalam ippol paashchaathyashakthiyude udamasthathayilaanu.
samooham.
pothubhavanangal.
praveshana kavaadathilekkulla padikalude parakkal kaaranam 'dhii steps' enna anaudyogika perulla michels & buttlers pabbaanu bonbrook taavarn, bristtol rooad. bowling green inn enna perilulla oru pabbinu pakaram athu mattiyirikkaam, athinusesham athu polichuneekkiya aruvi, vidyaarthikalkkulla oru haal oof residence ippol saittilund.
1881 leeii sensus prakaram bristtol roadinteyum healey roadinteyum moolayilulla bristtol piyar, thomas thompson pablikkanaayi 1881 leeii sensus kaanikkunna healey aayudhamaayirunnu. nilavile peru sweekarikkunnathinumbu athu steshan sann ennu peru maatti.
1700ll sathrathile goose nilavilundayirunnathaayi report cheyyappettu. 1839leeii patthaam maappil udama jaims kerby aayirunnu, athine bell aandu shawal inn ennu vilichirunnu. 1859 muthal jorjju nortthinte udamasthathayil eee peru malt showell ennu maatti. holtinte madyanirmmaanashaalayude bhaagikamaayi punarnirmmichathum vipuleekarichathumaaya pothubhavanam, mikacha reethiyil nirmmichathum, sthaapanathinu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettathum 1877ll vitsandaidile bonbrook hotel ennu thurannathum. kurachukaalathekku ithu oru firkin pub aayirunnu, ippol athu oovattile vavvaalaanenn shoel rekhappeduthunnu.
thokku baaralukal edjbaasttanilaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil boonn aruvi kaundi athirthiyaayathinaal, boxistukalkku avarude adhikaaraparidhiyilulla aruvi kadannu praadeshika poleesil ninnu rakshappedaan kazhiyumennathinaal pub sammana poraattangalkku janapriyamaayi. 1987 aayappozhekkum punarnirmmicha pub pinneedu thakarkkappedukayum birminghaminte aadyathe olimbiku valippathilulla neenthalkkulam adangiya oru kaayika kendrathinu vazhiyorukkukayum cheythu. 1819 leeii tenpaikku bhoopadatthil grinderukal ennu vilikkunna oru pazhaya kettidam eee sthalathu prathyakshappedunnu. 1841ll bonbrookkile vilyam deekkinte gann barrell faaktariyude perilayirikkaam ithinu eee peru nalkappettath. pala grameena sathrangaleyum pole pabbin aduthulla bowling green undaayirunnu, athu krokkattinum upayogichirikkaam.
1900ll puthiya sathram (illaathaakkuka) ennu munbu vilikkappettirunna kalappa harroy 1904ll kalappa haaro ennum namakaranam cheyyappettu. maanchastar yoonitti oof oodafellookalude birmingham jillayude rekhakal kaanikkunnath sellie ookkile puthiya sathrathil oru lodge sthithicheyyunnu ennaanu. holtinte madyanirmmaanashaalayude annaakkinte rooparekha gable kaanaan kazhiyum. holts brewery 1887-ll aashcharyathode sthaapithamaayenkilum 1934-ll ansels brewery limittad aayi maari. 1987nuu munbu ithu polichuneekkappettu.
tiverton rooad pothu kulimuri.
1906 januvari 28 nuu bonbrookkil tiverton rooad pothu kulikalaayi tiverton poolum phitnas sentarum thurannu. iii harding paine roopakalppana cheythukondu raajaavinte norton northfield jilla kaunsilum chernnu nirmmichathum oru praadeshika kettida sthaapanamaaya kooll & sann aanu nirmmichathu. rund neenthal kulimuri, onnu kaanikalkkayi oru gallery, kuttikalude kulimuri, purushanmarkkum sthreekalkkum prathyeka swakaarya kulimuri ennivayundaayirunnu. valia purushanmaarude neenthalkkulam shaithyakaalath tharayil sthaapikkukayum thara idam kacherikal, rashtreeya yogangal, nrithangal ennivaykkaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. sthreekalkkum kuttikalkkumayi thaazhekkulla padikalulla cheruthum aazhamillaathathumaaya neenthalkkulavum earppeduthiyirunnu. 1911ll ithu birmingham baths kammitti etteduthu. aduthide ithu oru aarogya kendramaakki maatti, ippol neenthalkkulam nilanirtthumbol oru "pulse pooyint" jimm sanbedukalum oru neeravi kulavum ulppedunnu, kuttikalude kulavum cheria nirddesha kulamaayum pool kaazhchakkaarude irippida soukaryamaayum upayogikkunnu.
sellie ookku library.
soujanya library nirmmicha bhoomi oru praadeshika kaunsilarum vyavasayiyumaaya thomas gibbins (juuniyar) sambhavana cheythu. jeevakaarunya samghadanayaaya karnegi foundeshanaanu kettidatthinu dhanasahayam nalkiyathu. 1906ll thuranna ithu sitti kaunsilaanu nadathunnathu.
vidyaabhyaasam.
bonbrookkil oru primery school nilanilkkunnu tiverton juuniyar, infant school. 1860ll 252 kuttikalkk thaamasikkanulla soukaryamulla oru deseeya vidyaalayamaayi sent marries sii iii primery school thurannu. 1872ll ithu vipuleekarikkukayum patthu varshathinu sesham aankuttikalum penkuttikalum verpeduthappedukayum cheythu. 1885ll hubert rooad bonbrookkil sent marries naashanal school thurakkukayum penkuttikale avidekku maattukayum deseeya school aankuttikalkkum sisukkalkkumaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. 1898-ll schoolukal bharanathinaayi onnikkukayum sellie ookku, bonbrook schoolukal ennu vilikkukayum cheythu.
1898ll 545 muthirnna penkuttikaleyum shisu vakuppineyum ulkkollunnathinayi dalish roadle moonnaamathe vakupp thurannu. 1901 muthal 1903 vare bonbrook technical instittyoottil 200 aankuttikalkku adhika thaamasoukaryamulla aankuttikalkkayi bonbrook school upayogichirunnu. sellie ookku, bonbrook thaalkkaalika kaunsil school 1903 ll kings norton northfield arban distrikt kaunsilum munbu sellie ookkinteyum bonbrook sii oof iii skoolinteyum anubandhamaayi upayogichirunna muriyil thurannu. parisaram thripthikaramallaathathinaal 1904ll raadilbaan leyne thaalkkaalika kaunsil school thurannappol school adachu.
1914ll 1885leeii hubert road 1898leeii dalish rooad kettidangalum sent vulstaans sii oof iii skoolaayi maari schoolukal veendum verpeduthi. 1946ll peeples haal, ookku trea leynil thaamasoukaryavum earppeduthi. 1939ll ennam kuranjuvarunnathinaal sent marries naashanal school bonbrook adachu. 1940ll oru warehouseayi dolish rooad parisaram vittuvenkilum 1952ll burmingham vidyaabhyaasa samiti tivarttan rooad kaundi primery skoolinte anubandhamaayi vaangi. 1906ll 510 kuttikalkk thaamasikkanulla soukaryamulla kings norttan aandu northfield arban distrikt kaunsilaanu tivarttan kaundi primery school thurannathu. bonbrook kansaltteshan charchu 1952ll rund classukalkku thaamasoukaryam nalki. muun sent vulstaan sii oof iii skoolinte kettidangal 1952ll skoolinte vipuleekaranathinaayi vaangi. 1954ll eee school peru twarttan rooad school ennu maatti.
sellie paarkk road ookkfeeldu road cherunna kettidatthil ettu muthal pathinaar vayass vare praayamulla panthrand aankuttikalkkayi oru cheria kwaker boarding school undaayirunnu. ippol oru skoolallengilum, randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu oru bomb spodanathil kettidam nasippikkappedukayum ippol aaa sthalathu puthiya veedukal nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
1904ll greettil sellie ookku nazhsari school sthaapithamaayenkilum 1921ll school shree. emm. aarr. sajjeekarichirunna tiverton roadile parisarathekku maatti. oppam srimati. jorjju cadbury juuniyar.
aaraadhanaalayangal.
thaazhepparayunnava (1964) vii. echu. sitti oof birminghamil ninnullathaanu.
1912 muthal 1945 vare alton roadile oru aaaa-mathaparamaya palli pothu aaraadhanaykkaayi rajisttar cheythirunnu.
elmdon roadle 250 perr irikkaavunna ishtika kettidamaaya bonbrook chaappal 1901 ll sellie ookku (bristtol rooad) premitteevu methadist charchile amgangal udghaadanam cheythu. 1932 ll 54 amgangalulla oru palli undaayirunnu.
dartmouth roadile bonbrook charchu haal 1932ll 350 perkku irikkaavunna vidhathil nirmikkappettu. 1894lum 1902lum 30 amgangalulla oru corregated irumbu kettidatthil shushroosha nadakkumbozhaanu palli roopeekarichathu. 1902 nuu sesham kurachu varshathekku dartmouth rooad francis roadinte oru douthyamaayirunnu. ozhinjukidakkunna chaappal jalalabad palliyaayum islaamika kendramaayum maatti.
bonbrook elemination charchu, alton rooad, munbu oru aaaa-mathavibhaga douthyamaayirunnu, 1944 ll ettedukkappettu. graham streettil ninnu sthaapithamaaya sabha munbu oru vaadaka haalil yogam chernnirunnu. 1957ll sabhayile amgasamkhya 110 aayirunnu.
1895ll pothu aaraadhanaykkaayi rajisttar cheytha bonbrook gospel haal, tivarttan rooad, 1892ll 70 peradangunna oru njaayarazhcha sayahna sabhayundennu avakaashappedunna sellie ookku haalil ninnu thirichariyaan kazhiyum. 1957ll ithu thurannirunnu. tivarttan roadle bhoomi nedunnathinu munbu 1890ll tivarttan kristhyan fellowship aarambhichu.
ll 1894 jorjju cadbury sellie ookku instittyoott thurannu, athu 1927 ll puthiya meating house nirmmikkunnathuvare aaraadhanaalayamaayi upayogichirunnu. 1899 ll instittyoottil oru pradhana haal, anubandha murikal, oru temperance taven allengil 'saikkil ridermaarude aayudangal' enniva ulppedunnu. 1954ll yogashalayil njaayarazhcha sharashari 70 perr pankedutthirunnathaayi parayappedunnu.
1835-ll weslianmar sent johns methadist palli thurakkukayum 108 perkku irippidangal nalkukayum cheythu. 1877-ll athinu pakaram 2,414 poundu chelavil 350 perkku irippidangal nalkikkond oru puthiya chaappal sthaapichu. 1909-ll pradhana vipuleekaranangal weslian chaappal kammittiye ariyichu. 1940-ll sent johns oru school haalum mattu ezhu anubandha murikalum ulla 494 perr irikkunna ishtika kettidamaayi visheshippikkappettu. 1829ll sii bridjewaterine sellie ookku poottukalile toll inspectoraayi niyamichathine thudarnnu kottej metingukalilaanu palli uthbhavichath. 1851-ll 35 peradangunna oru njaayarazhcha sayahna sabayum 1892-ll 118 peradangunna njaayarazhcha saayaahnasammelavum undaayirunnu. 1910-ll athu vipuleekarikkukayum oru school haal undaayirikkukayum cheythu. 1932ll 150 amgangalaayirunnu sabha. 1957ll sabha aadima methadistukalumaayi chernnappol athu avasaanichu. maanyathayillaatha pravarthanangalkkaayi upayogichathinu sesham 1970 kalude avasaanathil ithu polichuneekki. lookers kaar sails room ippol saitt ulkkollunnu.
1874-ll aadima methadistukal sent pools palli thurannu. sabha 1870-ll sthaapikkappedukayum aadyam thuranna aakaashathum pinneedu kottejukalilum oduvil aadyathe chaappal nirmmikkunnathin munbu oru vaadaka dance haalilum yogam cherukayum cheythu. 1892-ll njaayarazhcha uchathirinju 107 perr hajaraayi. sii. 1908-ll 500 perr irikkaavunna oru puthiya ishtika chaappal nirmikkappettu, athil 1940-ll anchu anubandha murikalundaayirunnu, athilonnu school haalayi nirmikkappettu. 1932ll sabhayile amgathvam 193 aayirunnu. 1966ll langlis roadile oru puthiya methadist palliyilekku maarunnathuvare rund methadist sabhakal onnichathinushesham ithu upayogichu.
sent steefens, sellie hillah sent marries sabha valarnnappol, edavaka palli valarnnu, sellie hill oru chappal dalish roadle oru dauthyavum srishtichu. 1835ll sellie haalum krishiyidangalum vangiya roobert dolphin eee bhoomi sambhavana cheythu. martinum chamberline chernnaanu sent steefens roopakalppana cheythath. vilyam docker, chaals winn, thomas webley, loard calthorp thudangi niravadhi pramukha bisinasukaaril ninnaan palli nirmmikkunnathinulla sambhavanakal labhichathu. aadyathe kallu 1870 march 30 nuu sthaapikkukayum 1871 august 18 nuu sent steefans palli prathishtikkukayum cheythu. rakshaadhikaarikal bishop trasttikalumaanu; jeevichirikkunnavarude moolyam 200 poundu aanu; ithu oru shaashvathamaaya curasiyaanu, koodaathe revu aanu chumatala. aarr stooks, emm.eiii. 300 sittingukalil 100 ennam soujanyamaanu. 1980ll sent steefan, sent vulstaan edavakakal samyojippichu. 1924ll litch-gettu kootticherkkappettu.
1906ll sent vulstaans mission charchu vishudheekarikkappettu. 1983ll eliminettu penthakosth palliyumayi palli kaimari. alton roadile oru cheria palliyaan ippol sent vulstaans.
bonbrook, raadilbaan rooad, dalish rooad ennividangalil moonnu tinn koodaarangal allengil thaalkkaalika dauthyangal rekhappeduthiyittundu.
vyavasaayam.
bonbrookkile vyavasaayam vaividhyamaarnnathaanenkilum enchiniyaring thokku nirmmanavum pradhanamaayirunnu.
arupathukalude pakuthi vare, aadyam chaals saangstarum pinneedu makan jacq saangstarum udamasthathayilulla eriyal motorcycleukalude aasthaanamaayirunnu bonbrook, koodaathe dayle roadile avarude pradhana factory. pekkaamil ninnulla prashastha designer edward tenare avarude sthaapitha enchineeyaraaya wall pejil chernna aadyathe motorcycle kambaniyaanu eriyal. addeham eriyal square phoor model avatharippikkukayum avarude eriyal redu hunder rench veendum vardhippikkukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbu eriyal vijayicha motorcycleukal swanthamaakki, vijayathode, jacq saangstar avarude boardil chernnappol burmingham small ams groupil layikkapettu. puthiya modalukal, eriyal leader, eriyal ambu enniva avatharippichittundel, bonbrook saittin kramena bsa grouppinullile praadhaanyam nashtappettu, avarude avasana model, apamanakaramaaya eriyal 3 poornnamaayum cheria heethil nirmikkappettu.
roganirnayathinum nireekshanatthinumulla kittukal nirmmicha bii. dii. ezz biologicalukalkku pakaramaayi 1983laanu binding saitt limittad sthaapithamaayathu. 1990kalil dayle roadile boxfoldia faaktariyude oru bhagam athu raajaavinte aarogyathilekku maarunnathuvare kaivashappeduthiyirunnu.
1921ll chaals henry foyalaanu boxfoldia limittad sthaapichathu. patthu ekkaril aarambhicha ithu 1933ll dayle roadylake maari, avide eriyal jolikalude valiyoru bhagam etteduthu. 1990ll kambani reddichilekku maari.
1895ll saikkil gadakangalude nirmmaana kambani sthaapithamaaya chaals saangstar dunlop saikkil kambaniyil ninnu 'eriyal' enna vyapara namam vaangi. kerbiyude kulangalude sthalathaanu ithu nirmmichathu. 1897ll oru eriyal saikkil loka chaambyanshippu nedi. 1898ll nirmmicha aadyathe motor tricycle 1905ll aadyathe motor saikilum. 1930kalil ekadesham 200 perr jolie cheythirunnu. 1932ll chaals paapparaakukayum kambani addehathinte makan jacq vaangukayum cheythu. ithu bii. ezz. eyude bhaagamaayi maarukayum cheria aarogyathilekku maarukayum cheythu.
enchiniyaring kambaniyaaya desimals limittad, mahaa yudhathinaayi granj roadle phoosphoorus grenadeukalum vayar kattarukalum nirmmikkukayayirunnu.
1933ll jorjju morgan limittad samyojippikkappettu. 1937ll britiish industries fairil motor, motor saikkil, saikkil, aircraft, kappal nirmmaanam, railway, general enchiniyaring vyavasaayangal ennivaykkaayi drope forgingukalude nirmmathaavaayi ithu pattikapedutthi. long bridjil austin motor kambanikku vendi avar bhagangal nirmmichu. 1980kalude pakuthi vare eriyal faaktariyude oru bhaagath ninnaan avar vyapaaram nadathiyathu.
1899ll aarr. dablyu. greenwood aanu fruit preserverukalaayi greenwood paij aandu koeltd sthaapichathu. 1905 muthal 1915 vare avar munbu neeravi alakkal, loophets sweet factory; swish curton reyilukal; patrick motors spare parts division ennivayaayirunna "seville varks" <aii. dii. 1> tivarttan rooad kaivashappedutthi. mattoru jaam nirmmaana factory tivarttan rodinaduthaayirunnu. upayogichirunna pazhangalil bhooribhaagavum padinjaaran midu lands mekhalayilaanu valarthiyirunnathu bromsgrovil ninnulla stroberry, straattfordil ninnulla karant, ivshaamil ninnulla plum, shropshireil ninnulla daamons.
echu. dablyu ward kambani limitadum 1914ll dayle roadylake thamasam maari. avar capstaan, taratt laathukalude valare pradhanappetta nirmmaathaakkalaayirunnu. birmingham sarvakalaashaalayile vidyaarthikalkku puthiya roadinum haalukalkkum vazhiyorukkunnathinaayi kettidangal polichumaatti.
luis woolf grip-taitt limittadin vidoora kizhakk oru rubber thottam undaayirunnu. britiish vyavasaya melayil athinte uthppannangal pettant numatic, noonn-numatic bebi suthers, rubber teats, kuppikal, flycatureukal enningane pattikapedutthi. bonbrookkil avarkk vividha parisarangalundaayirunnu 507 bristtol roadinte pinbhagam; rubber prosessinghinaayi hubert roadile pazhaya school; offeesukal 144 ookkfeeldu rooad; sambharanathinayi upayogikkunna 508 bristtol rooad shope; kaanteenaayi 519 bristtol rooad. alton roadinte moolayilulla muun tascos kettidavum avar oru valia theepidutthatthil nasippikkappedunnathuvar upayogichu. oru danthadoktarude sasthrakriya ippol aaa sthalathaanu.
1888ll sthaapithamaaya pettant inaamal kambani limittad adutha varsham healey roadile oru nirmmitha factoryilekku maari. 1857ll bradford streettil benchamin bagg kattiyulla vitrius inaamal sheett neytha irumbu nirmmikkaan thudangi. addeham vilyam vaalttezhsumaayum echu. dablyu. eliyattumaayum chernnu pettant inaamal qoo. limittad roopeekarichu. railway steshanukal, hotelukal, pothu sthaapanangal ennividangalil parasyam nalkunnathinaayi uthppannangal upayogichirunnu. malsaravum mechappetta paper posttarukalum plaastikkukalum bisinesses takarkkaan kaaranamavukayum 1965ll kambani adachupoottukayum cheythu. theepidutthatthil nasippikkappedunnathuvar niravadhi cherukida sthaapanangal eee sthalam kaivashappeduthiyirunnu. vaalnakshatram aaa sthalathekku neengukayum pinneedu baattari retail paarkkilekk maarukayum cheythu.
albert emm patrick thante makan joseph eiii emm patrick vendi patrick motozhs sthaapichu. 1930 muthal ithu bristtol roadile edjbaasttan garej limittadinte sthalam kaivashappedutthi. kambani raajaavinte nortonile thadaakatheerathekku maari, avide avarkk patrick shekharam ennu vilikkunna kaarukalude oru museum undaayirunnu. eee sthalam tesco express aayi maari.
1930 kalude madhyam muthal sandwick steel baand kanveyar & enchiniyaring kambani limittad 20 dalish roadile muun tram shedukal kaivashappedutthi. avarude uthppannangalil iva ulppedunnu cutting upakaranangal; khananathinum nirmmaanathinumulla upakaranangal, upakaranangal, sevanangal; steel beltt proses sisttangal ulppedeyulla metteeriyal saankethikavidya. 1970kalil avar halisovanilekku thamasam maari. dooper haal oof residence ippol eee sthalam ulkkollunnu.
ippol libraric sameepamulla bristtol roadile jeernicha kettidam vinsent & qoo limittadinte thadi vyaapaarikaludethaayirunnu. 1923ll avar bonbrookkilekku thamasam maarukayum railwake sameepam healey roadle oru sambharana pradesham ulppede mattu parisarangal undaayirikkukayum cheythu. 1975ll bisinesses sparkbrookilekku madangi.
vilyam vestli richards 1812-ll vestli richards (ganmekkarmaar) limittad enna kambani sthaapichu, ennirunnaalum avar 1849 vare granch roadylake neengiyilla. edward VIII num raajakudumbathile mattu amgangalkkumaayi avar sports thokkukal nirmmichu. nalla yanthrasaamagrikalulla revolverukal vanthothil nirmmikkunna valare samyojithamaaya oru faaktariyaayirunnu ithu. athe parisarathu ninnu vyapaaram nadathunna vestli enchiniyaring 1998-ll prathyeka kambaniyaayi maari. avarude bisinesses krithyathayode amarthal upakarana nirmmaanavumaayirunnu. puthiya kween elisabath ashupatri barminghaamilekkulla sellie ookku puthiya roadinte ghattam poortthiyaakkaan avar neengendathundu. factory polikkunnath praadeshika prathishedhatthinu kaaranamaayi.
1825 muthal 1970 vare rooss kottejil ninnu oru thadi thirikkunna bisinesses pravarthichu. roonn-clark kudumbam bowl malsarangalkkaayi 'woods' aayi maari. vimaanangalil upayogikkunna avarude glassinte prathirodham parisodhikkaan avar triplexinaayi marangalum nirmmichu!
dayle roadile pazhaya ghadaka faaktarikalilonnil pravarthichirunna raitts saddle kambani 1961 ll britiish saikkil korppareshan adachupootti.
sradheyamaaya kettidangal.
1907-ll jorjju cadbury sellie hill estettile muun yomaante vasathiyaya rookari kottejukal vaangi. addehathinte maathrukaa gramamaaya bonvilleyude bhaagamaayi kottejukal polichumaattukayum punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu. addeham kettidatthe sellie maanar ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu, athu ippol oru myusiyamaanu.