
wenn shuwan

saadhaaranayaayi shudheekaricha saahithyathinte thiranjeduppukal ennu vivarthanam cheyyappedunna wenn suwan (;), chainees kavithayudeyum saahithyathinteyum adyakaalavum pradhaanappettathumaaya samaahaarangalilonnaanu, koodaathe vishayathinanusarichu krameekarichirikkunna lokathile ettavum pazhaya saahitya samaahaarangalilonnaanu. yudhathinte avasaanakhattatthil (sii. bii. sii. 300) aadyakaala liang rajavamsham vare (sii. edii 500), chainees klaasikkukalum daarshanika grandhangalum ozhike. wenn suwan" kwin, hahn rajavamshangalil ninnulla ettavum valia "phu" rhapsody, "shhii" kavithaasamaahaarangal samrakshikkunnu, koodaathe aadhunikathaykk munbulla charithratthinte bhooribhaagavum vidyaasambannaraaya chainakkaarude saahitya vijnjaanathinte praadhamika srothassukalil onnaayirunnu.
eiii. dii 520num 530num idayil jiangang nagaratthil (aadhunika nanjing) liang raajavamshathinte kaalath liang chakravarthiyaaya vuu chakravartthiyude mootha makanaaya siavo tong addeham othukoodiya oru koottam pandithanmaarum chernnaanu "wenn suwan" samaaharichath. liang rajavamsham hraswakaalamaayirunnengilum theevramaaya saahitya pravartthanangalude oru kaalaghattamaayirunnu, bharanakakshiyaya siavo kudumbam pramukha ezhuthukaareyum pandithanmareyum saamraajyathva, pravishya kodathikalilekku pathivayi shanikkunnuvennu urappakki. kireedavakashi enna nilayil, labhyamaya ettavum mikacha classical chainees vidyaabhyaasam nediya siavo tong thante irupathukalude thudakkathil thante puthiya samaahaarathinaayi kashanagal thiranjedukkaan thudangi. wenn suwan" ll 37 saahitya vibhagangalaayi krameekarichirikkunna 761 vyathyastha kruthikal adangiyirikkunnu, avayil ettavum valuthum ariyappedunnathumaayava "rhapsodikal" ("phu"), "ganarachana" ("shhii") ennivayaanu.
thaang raajavamshathinte kaalath (618907) "wenn shuwane" kurichulla patanam valareyadhikam janapreeti nedi, athinte patanam aaa kaalaghattatthile anchu klaasikkukalodu malsarichu. gaana raajavamshathile eathoru pandithanum udyogasthanum polum "wenn suwan" vaayikkendathundu. yuwan, ming raajavamshangaliludaneelam "wenn suwan" enna vamshathekkurichulla patanam janapreeti nashtappettu, ennirunnaalum kwing raajavamshathile mahanaaya bhaashaashaasthranjar athinte patanam oru paridhivare punarujjeevippichu.
wenn suwan" enna kruthiyude aadya samboornna engleesh vivarthanathinte moonnu vaalyangal american sinologist david aarr prasidheekarichu. washington sarvakalaashaalayile chainees professor emeritus aaya nechjas, oduvil anchu adhika vaalyangalayi vivarthanam poortthiyaakkaan lakshyamidunnu.
charithram.
samahaaram.
520kalil liang thalasthaanamaaya jiyaankaangile (aadhunika nanjing) chakravartthiyude makan anantharaavakaashiyumaaya siavo tong thante ettavum adutha suhruthukkaludeyum koottaalikaludeyum sahaayathode "wenn suwan" samaaharichu. akaalavidyaabhyaasamulla kuttiyaayirunna siavoic mikacha shaasthreeya chainees vidyaabhyaasam labhichu. naalaamathe vayassil addeham anchu klaasikkukal manapaatamaakkiyennum ettaam vayassil "pithrusaannidhyathinte classic" enna vishayathil thaarathamyena yogyathayulla oru prabhashanam oru koottam pandithanmaarkk nalkiyathaayum addehathinte rund audyogika jeevacharithrangalum parayunnu. siavo pakwata praapichathode, addehathinu scholarshippinodum pusthakangalodum oru ishtam valarnnu, kaumaarapraayatthil kireedaavakaashiyude audyogika vasathiyaya kizhakkan kottaaratthinte libraryil 30,000-ladhikam vaalyangal undaayirunnu.
thante ozhivusamayangalil bhooribhaagavum thante kaalathe pramukha chainees pandithanmaarodoppam chelavazhicha siavo, saahithyathekkurichulla avarude gauravamaaya charchakal "wenn suwan" srishtikkaan prerippichu. wenn suwan" srishtikkunnathile addehathinte pradhana lakshyam labhyamaya "belles-lettezhs" enna mikacha vyakthigatha kruthikalude anuyojyamaaya samahaaram srishtikkuka ennathaayirunnu, koodaathe soundaryaparamaayi manoharamaaya kavithakalkkum mattu rachanakalkkum anukoolamaayi addeham daarshanika kruthikal avaganichu. wenn shuvaante aamukhathil, naalu pradhana tharam chainees rachanakal manahpoorvvam athil ninnu ozhivakkappettathaayi shiavo vishadeekarikkunnu 1) purathana kaalath shau, confucius raajakumaaranmaarkk avakaashappettirunna parambaraagatha" klaasikkukal ", athaayath" classic oof chenchas "(" aii ching ")," classic oof kavita "(" shhii jing "); 2)" lavosi "(davo dii jing)," "shuvangsi", "menzius" thudangiya daarshanika "maastezhs" rachanakal; 3) "" yudhaavasthakalude goodaalochanakal "(" shahn guyo ce ") polulla vaachaadopa prasamgangalude shekharangal; 4)" "suvo paarambaryam" ("suvo") polulla charitra vivaranangalum charitra vivaranangalum ". 531-ll siavo tonginte maranashesham addehathinu maranananthara namam "shavoming" exe ("thilakkamaarnna thilakkam") nalkappettu, athinaal eee shekharam "shavoming" wenn shuwan "ennariyappettu. chainees saahithyathil valia swaadheenam chelutthiyittum, chainees charithrathiludaneelam niravadhi vichithramo yukthirahithamo aaya thiranjeduppukalkkaayi siyaavoyude vibhaagangalum edittoriyal thiranjeduppukalum idaykkide vimarshikkappettittundu.
kayyezhuthuprathikal.
wenn suwan" enna kruthiyude dhaaraalam kayyezhuthuprathikalum shakalangalum aadhunika kaalam vare nilanilkkunnu. danhuwang kayyezhuthuprathikalil ninnu kandethiya avayil palathum lokamembaadumulla vividha myoosiyangalil, prathyekichu britiish libraryilum bibliothech naashanal dii fraansilum, athupole thanne ezhaam noottaand muthal "wenn suwan" ariyappettirunna jappanilum sookshichirikkunnu. aisey bango myoosiyathil sookshichirikkunna oru japanese kaiyezhuthuprathi, aaram noottaandinte madhyathil ninnu lii shaante aadhikaarika vyaakhyaanathin munbulla oru "wenn suwan" vyaakhyaanathinte apoorva bhagamaanu.
ulladakkam.
wenn shuwan" ll 37 vyathyastha vibhagangalaayi krameekarichirikkunna 761 kruthikal adangiyirikkunnu rhapsodikal ("" phu ""), ganarachana ("" shhii ""), "" chuu "-stail eligies (" "saavo" "), sevens (" "xi" "), edikttukal (" "shaavo" "), enfofmentinte pettantukal (" "sii" "), commandukal (" "ling" "), nirddeshangal (" "jio" "), pareeksha nirddeshangal (" "seven" "), smarakangal (" "bio" "), samarppana kathukal (" "shangshu" "), ashayavinimayangal (" "kyu" "), impeachment smarakangal (" "tsan" "), yudhathinulla kathukal, (" "shsan" "), (" "shsan" "), (" "shsan" "), (
rhapsodikal" ("phu"), "ganarachana" ("shhii") ennee vibhaagangalude aadya group oru paridhivare "chuu" shailiyilulla athimanoharathakalum "sevens"-"wenn suwan" ennathil ettavum valuthum pradhaanappettathumaan. athinte 55 "phu", prathyekichu, "pradhana kruthikale prathinidheekarikkunna oru thiranjeduppaanu", koodaathe chakravartthiyude vinoda vettayekkurichulla sima siyaangruvinte "phu" ("tiancy yoole phu" <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>), yang siyaanginte "phu" sweet springs kottaaratthil ("gaan kwan phu" <unk> Â), rund thalasthaanangalil baann guyude "phu" ("ling duu phu" Â "Â), rund metropolittikalil shang henginte" phu "(" Ârjīng "Â) thudangiya ettavum valia" phu "maastarpeesukal ulppedunnu.
vyaakhyaanangal.
wenn suwan" enna vaakkinte aadya vyaakhyaanangal prasidheekarichu arupath muthal ezhupathu varshangalkk sesham prathyakshappedukayum shiavo tonginte cussin shiavo gaay nirmmikkukayum cheythu. cavo sian, suu yaan, gongsun luvo, avasaanathe sui rajavamshathileyum tang rajavamshathileyum mattu pandithanmaar "wenn suwan" saahithyapadanathinte muzhuvan shaakhayudeyum kendramaayi maarunnathuvare athine prolsaahippikkaan sahayichu ezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil yaangshouvil ninnulla cavo sian (<unk>) enna pandithan "wenn suwan" (<unk>) ennathil uchaaranavum ardhavum "enna peril oru kruthi nirmmichu, mattullavar-addehathinte vidyaarthikalaayirunnu-oororutharum eee shekharathil avarudethaaya vyaakhyaanangal nirmmichu.
lii shahn kamantari.
lii shahn (<unk>, dii. 689) cavo siyaante vidyaarthiyum aadyakaala tang raajavamshathile kireedaavakashiyaaya lii honginte staafil sevanamanushticha oru cheria udyogasthanumaayirunnu. aadyakaala chainees bashayeyum saahityatheyum kurichulla vijnjaanakosha parijnjaanam lick undaayirunnu, athu addeham 658 ll taangile gavosong chakravartthiyude saamrajyasabhayil samarppicha "wenn suwan" enna padatthinu vishadamaaya vyaakhyaanam srishtikkaan upayogichu, ennirunnaalum pinneedu addeham thante makan lii yonginte (liie) sahaayathode athu vipuleekarikkukayum parishkarikkukayum cheythirikkaam. bhaashaashaasthraparamaaya kaadinyatthinte maathrkakal" ennu vilikkappedunna liyude vyaakhyaanangal, ellah chainees saahithyathilum ettavum maathrukaaparamaayavayaanu, apoorvavum budhimuttullathumaaya vaakkukaludeyum pratheekangaludeyum krithyamaaya glossukal nalkunnu, athupole thanne uravida vivarangalum sradheyamaaya bhaagangalkk "lockie classisy" nalkunnu. addehathinte vyaakhyaanam ippozhum yadhaartha chainees bhaashayile "wenn suwan" vaayikkunnathinum padikkunnathinumulla ettavum upayogapradavum pradhaanappettathumaaya upakaranamaayi amgeekarikkappettirikkunnu.
"anchu udyogastharude" vyaakhyaanam.
718-ll, taangile suwansong chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu, raajasabhayile udyogastharaaya luu yanji, liu liang, shang sian, luu siang, lii shauhaan ennivarude "anchu udyogastharude shekharicha vyaakhyaanangal" () enna thalakkettilulla oru puthiya "wenn suwan" vyaakhyaanam saamraajyathva kottaarathinu samarppichu. eee "anchu udyogastharude" vyaakhyaanam dairkhyameriyathum lii shaante vyaakhyaanangalekkaal budhimuttulla varikalude kooduthal paaraafresukal adangiyathumaanu, ennaal thettayathum vidooravumaaya glossukalum vyaakhyaanangalum niranjathaanu.
pinneedulla pathippukal.
lii shahn, "anchu udyogasthar" ennee vyaakhyaanangalkk purame, mattu niravadhi "wenn suwan" pathippukal tang raajavamshathinte kaalath pracharichathaayi thonnunnu. jappanil niravadhi kayyezhuthuprathikal samrakshikkappettittundum eee mattu pathippukalonnum aadhunika kaalam vare nilanilkunnilla. 1950kalil jappanil "wenn suwan" allengil athinekkurichulla vyaakhyaanangalude niravadhi sakalangal veendum kandethi, aisey bango myoosiyathil ninnu kandethiya danhuwang ulppede, 1099-ll thanne achadicha oru hrasvamaaya "kujo" (<unk>, manderine "jiyoottiyaavo") pathippinte poornnamaaya kayyezhuthuprathiyum ulppedunnu. eee mattu pathippukalil ettavum ariyappedunnathu "chainayil nashtappetta chila pazhaya tang rajavamsha vyaakhyaanangal adangiya anjjaatha rachayithaavinte pathippaya" wenn suwan "(" venxun jishu "̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ 
1094 leeii randaam chaandramaasatthil sessong chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu prasidheekaricha "youshou prefecture patana pusthakatthil" anchu udyogastharudeyum lii shaaninteyum vyaakhyaanangalude aadya samahaaram adangiyirunnu. pilkkaalatthe "aarr pandithanmaarude vyaakhyaanangal" pathipp (i.iii. anchu udyogastharum lii shahn), gwang dupaiyude wood block printing, mingshou printing enniva "youshou" pusthakatthinte ettavum ariyappedunna pathippaayirunnu. gaanshou, jianshou pathippukalulla "aarr udyogastharude vyaakhyaanangal" ennu vilikkunna mattoru pathipp "aarr pandithanmaarude" pathippine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane chila vibhaagangalude kramatthil maattam varuthi.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil pandithanaaya huu kejia "cavo yii" () enna peril oru samahaaravum vaachakaparavumaya vimarsanaathmaka pathipp nirmmichu. songhuwa book kambaniyude 1977 pathipum shanghoy guji 1986 pathipum polulla "wenn suwan" nte mikka aadhunika achadikkum eee pathipp adisthaanamaayi.
swaadheenam.
ettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil "wenn suwan" saahithyapareekshakalkulla thayyaareduppil ellah yuvaakkalum praaveenyam nedumennu pratheekshichirunna oru pradhana grandhamaayi maari. prashastha kavi duu phu thante makan duu songhvuvine "wenn suwan" thathwangalil poornnamaayum praaveenyam nedaan upadeshichu."wenn shuvaante" pakarppukal avarude makkale athil adangiyirikkunna kruthikalude saahitya shailikal padikkaan sahayikkunnathinaayi thangaan kazhiyunna mikkavarum ellah kudumbangalum nedi. pathinonnam noottaandinte avasaanathile saamraajyathva pareekshana parishkaarangal vare eee sambradaayam gaana raajavamshathil thudarnnu. pathinaram noottaandinte madhyathil, ming raajavamshathinte kaalath, ming kaalaghattatthile saamraajyathva pareekshakalekkurichulla ettu kaalukalulla lekhanangalude rachana padikkaan udyogasthare sahayikkunnathinaayi "wenn suwan" enna vaakkinte oru churukka pathipp srishtichu.
jappaanile swaadheenam.
wenn suwan" (japanesa "moonn-seen") athinte prarambha prasidheekaranathinu sesham jappanilekku kaimarukayum hian kaalaghattatthode japanese prabhukkanmaarkk vaayana aavashyamaayi varikayum cheythu. athinte soundaryathinu prashamsikkappedunna "wenn suwan" ennathil ninnulla niravadhi padangal kadamedutha vaakkukalayi japanese bhaashayilekku praveshikkukayum ippozhum upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu.

