
computer graphics lighting

computer graphics ramgangalil prakasham anukarikkaan upayogikkunna saankethikavidyakalude shekharamaanu computer graphics lighting. lighting teknikkukal labhyamaya vishadaamshangaludeyum pravarthanakshamathayudeyum thalatthil vazhakkam nalkunnundengilum avaa computational demandinteyum sankeernathayudeyum vividha thalangalilum pravartthikkunnu. oro aaplikkeshanteyum aavasyangalkku anusrithamaayi graphics aarttistukalkk vividha prakasha srothassukal, modalukal, shading teknikkukal, efakttukal ennivayil ninnu thiranjedukkaam.
prakasha srothassukal.
graphics ramgangalil prakasham avatharippikkan prakasha srothassukal vyathyastha vazhikal anuvadikkunnu.
pooyint.
pooyint srothassukal ellah dishakalilekkum orotta pooyintil ninnu prakasham purappeduvikkunnu, doorathinanusarichu prakaashatthinte theevratha kurayunnu. oru pooyint uravidathinte oru udaaharanam oru staandalon laitt bulb aanu.
dishasoochana.
oru dishasoochana (allengil vidoora srothass) oru dishayil ninnu oru rangam orepole prakashippikkunnu. oru pooyint srothassil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, oru dishaasoochikal ulppaadippikkunna prakaashatthinte theevratha ramgathinte alavukol akalathinanusarichu marunnilla, kaaranam dishaasoochikal valare akaleyaanennathupole kanakkaakkappedunnu. dishaasoochanayude oru udaaharanam bhoomiyile sooryaprakaashamaanu.
shradhaakendram.
oru spotlight prakaashatthinte dishaabodhamulla koonn srishtikkunnu. kaazhchakkaaran spotlight srothassilekkum laitt koninte madhyabhaagathekkum adukkumbol prakasham kooduthal theevramaakunnu. oru flash laitt oru spotlaittinte udaaharanamaanu.
pradesham.
prakasham purappeduvikkunna 3dii vasthukkalaan eriya laittukal. pooyint laittukalum spott laitt srothassukalum ananthamaayi cheria pooyintukalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, eriya laittukal bhauthika aakruthikalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. pooyint laittukalekkaalum spott laittukalekkaalum mriduvaaya nizhalukalum kooduthal yaadhaarthyabodhamulla prakashavum eriya laitt srishtikkunnu.
anthareeksham.
mattu prakasha srothassukal illaathirikkumbozhum ambiyant laitt srothassukal vasthukkale prakashippikkunnu. anthareeksha prakaashatthinte theevratha disha, dooram, mattu vasthukkal ennivayil ninnu swathanthramaanu, athaayath ramgathudaneelam prabhavam poornnamaayum ekeekrithamaanu. poornna iruttil polum vasthukkal drishyamaanennu eee uravidam urappaakkunnu.
laitt warp.
jyaamitheeya lokathile oru vasthu prakaashatthinte dishayeyum theevrathayeyum adisthaanamaakki prakaashatthe apavarthanam cheiyunna oru saankethikathayaanu laitt warp. varnna spektrathinte paridhiyulla ambiyant defuse padam upayogichu prakasham valayunnu. appol prakasham prathifalithamaayi chitharikkidakkukayum uyarnna aazhathilulla feeld srishtikkukayum refract cheyyukayum cheyyaam. savisheshamaaya oru rendering shaili nirmmikkaan eee saankethikavidya upayogikkunnu, koodaathe vasthukkalude amithamaya exposure parimithappedutthaan ithu upayogikkaam. team fort 2 polulla geyimukal oru cartoon sell sheducheyta stylised lukk srishtikkaan rendering technic upayogikkunnu.
lighting edapedalukal.
computer graphixil, oru vasthuvil oru prakasha srothassinte mothatthilulla prabhavam nirnnayikkunnath, saadhaaranayaayi kuranjathu moonnu pradhana gadakangalenkilum vivarikkunna vasthuvinte athumaayulla edapedalukalude samyojanamaanu. defuse, ambiyant, specular ennivayaanu moonnu praadhamika lighting gadakangal (thudarnnulla prathipravartthana tharangal).
vyaapippikkunnu.
oru prakasha-chitharal uparithalavumayi thulya alavil prakasham prathipravartthichu oru vasthuvinte nerittulla prakaashamaan defuse lighting (allengil defuse reflection). prakasham oru vasthuvine baadhichathinushesham, athu vasthuvinte uparithala gunangaludeyum incoming prakaashatthinte konukaludeyum pravartthanamaayi prathifalikkunnu. eee prathipravarthanamaanu vasthuvinte thelichathinu praadhamika sambhavana nalkunnathu, athinte niratthinu adisthaanam srishtikkunnu.
anthareeksham.
ambiyant prakasham dishayillaathathinaal, athu ellah uparithalangalilum orepole samvadikkunnu, athinte theevratha nirnnayikkunnath ambiyant prakasha srothassukalude shakthiyum vasthukkalude uparithala vasthukkalude gunangalum, athaayath avayude ambiyant reflection kofishyantukalum aanu.
oohaapohangal.
specular lighting ghadakam vasthukkalkk thilakkavum hailaittukalum nalkunnu. paristhithiyile mattu vasthukkal eee prathifalanangalil drishyamaakaathathinaal ithu mirror efakttukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. pakaram, specular lighting specular lighting gadakathinte theevrathayeyum uparithalathinte specular reflection coffificientineyum adisthaanamaakki vasthukkalil thilakkamulla paadukal srishtikkunnu.
prakasha modalukal.
prakaashatthinte bhauthikashaasthrathe adisthaanamaakki prakasham ekadeshamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna render cheytha parithasthithikalil lighting efakttukal aavarthikkaan lighting modalukal upayogikkunnu. lighting modalukal illaathe, lighting efakttukal prakrithi lokath sambhavikkunnathupole aavarthikkunnathin computer graphixinu praayogikathekkaal kooduthal prosessing power aavasyamaanu. eee lighting allengil illumination modalinte uddeshyam oro pixalinteyum niramo ramgathile vyathyastha prathalangalil prathifalikkunna prakaashatthinte alavo kanakkaakkuka ennathaanu. object ooriyantad lighting, global lighting enningane rund pradhana prakasha maathrkakalundu. avaa vyathyasthamaan, oro vastuvineyum oro object ooriyantad lighting vyakthigathamayi pariganikkunnu, athesamayam aagola prakasham vasthukkalkkidayil prakasham engane edapedunnu ennathinte mapp nalkunnu. nilavil, prakasham athinte paristhithiyumaayi engane edapedunnu ennathine kooduthal krithyamaayi aavarthikkunnathin gaveshakar aagola prakasha saankethikavidyakal vikasippichukondirikku.
object ooriyantad lighting.
oru prakasha srothass orotta vasthuvilekku mapp cheythukondu praadeshika prakasham ennum ariyappedunna object ooriyantad lighting nirvachikkappedunnu. eee saankethikavidya kanakkukoottaan vegathayullathaanenkilum palappozhum aaa rangathu prakasham engane perumaarumennathinte apoornnamaaya ekadesha kanakkaanith. oru prathyeka vasthuvinte specular, defuse, ambiyant laitt ennivayude samyojanathiloode ithu palappozhum ekadeshamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. fong, blin-fong illumination modalukalaanu rund pradhana praadeshika prakasha modalukal.
fong illumination model.
ettavum saadhaaranamaaya prathiphalana modalukalilonnaanu fong model. oro pixalinteyum theevratha defuse, specular, ambiyant lighting enniva moolamulla theevrathayude aakethukayaan ennu fong model anumaanikkunnu. oru vasthuvil ninnu prathifalippikkunna prakaashakonam upayogichu specular prakasham nirnnayikkaan oru kaazhchakkaarante sthaanam eee maathruka kanakkiledukkunnu. konile cosine eduthu designer theerumaanikkunna shakthiyilekku uyarthunnu. ithiloode, oru vasthuvil ethra vishalamaaya hailait venamennu designerk theerumaanikkaan kazhiyum; ekkaaranathaal, pavarine shinanus moolyam ennu vilikkunnu. oru kannaadiyude moolyam ananthavum ettavum parukkan uparithalathinu onninte moolyavumundaakunna uparithalathinte parukkanthayaanu thilakkathinte moolyam nirnnayikkunnath. eee model kaazhchakkaarante kaazhchappaadine adisthaanamaakki kooduthal yaadhaarthyabodhamulla velutha hailait srishtikkunnu.
blin-fong illumination model.
oru vasthuvinte thilakkathe adisthaanamaakki athinte hailait srishtikkaan specular laitt upayogikkunnathinaal blin-fong illumination model fong modalinu samaanamaan. blin-fong model vasthuvinte uparithalathil normal vektarum prakasha srotassinum kazhchakkaaranum idayil pakuthiyum upayogikkunnathinaal blin-fong fong illumination modalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. krithyamaaya specular laittinginum kanakkukoottal samayam kuraykkunnathinum vendiyaanu eee model upayogikkunnathu. eee prakriyaykku kurachu samayamedukkum, kaaranam prathifalikkunna prakasha vektarinte disha kandethunnathu pakuthi saadhaarana vector kanakkakkunnathinekkaal kooduthal ulppettirikkunna kanakkukoottalaan. ithu fong modalinu samaanamaanengilum, ithu vyathyastha drishya phalangal nalkunnu, koodaathe samanamaaya specular reflection srishtikkunnathinu specular reflection eksponant allengil shininasinu parishkkaranam aavashyamaayi vannekkaam.
aagola prakasham.
aagola prakasham praadeshika prakaashatthil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, kaaranam athu muzhuvan ramgathum sanjarikkunnathinaal prakasham kanakkakkunnu. eee prakasham bhauthikashaasthrathilum opttiksilum kooduthal adhishtithamaanu, prakashakiranangal chitharukayum prathifalikkukayum ramgathudaneelam anischithamaayi kuthikkukayum cheiyunnu. praadeshika prakaashathekkaal kooduthal computational power aavasyamullathinaal aagola prakaashathekkurichu ippozhum sajeevamaaya gaveshanam nadakkunnundu.
reey tracing.
agiranam, prathiphalanam allengil apavarthanam ennivayiloode vividha uparithalangalumayi samvadikkunna kiranangal prakasha srothassukal purappeduvikkunnu. aaa rangam nireekshikkunna oraal avarude annukalil athunna eathenkilum prakasha srothass kaanum; nireekshakante shradhayilppedaatha oru kiranam sradhikkappedaathe pookunnu. ellah prakasha srothassukalum kiranangal purappeduvikkukayum avaa oronnum ramgathulla ellah vasthukkalumaayum engane edapedunnuvennu kanakkaakkukayum cheythukondu ithu anukarikkaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, mikka prakashakiranangalum nireekshakanil athaathathinaal eee prakriya kaaryakshamamallaathathum prosessing samayam paazhaakkunnathumaanu. reey tracing prakriya vipareethamaakkunnathiloodeya pakaram nireekshakanil ninnu view rekal ayaykkunnathiloodeyum avaa oru prakasha srothassil athunnathuvare engane edapedunnuvennu kanakkaakkunnathiloodeyum eee prashnam pariharikkunnu. eee vazhi prosessing samayam kooduthal phalapradamaayi upayogikkukayum prakrithidatha velichathe aduthu anukarikkunna oru laitt simuleshan srishtikkukayum cheiyunnundenkilum, kaazhchakkaarante annukalil athunna uyarnna alavilulla prakasham kaaranam reey tracinginu ippozhum uyarnna kanakkukoottal chelavundu.
radiosity.
chuttumulla vasthukkalum prakasha srothassukalum nalkunna oorjjam radiosity kanakkiledukkunnu. nireekshakante sthaanatheyum ooriyanteshaneyum aashrayichirikkunna reey tracingle ninnu vyathyasthamayi, radiosity lighting view positionil ninnu swathanthramaanu. radiositic reey tracinginekkaal kooduthal computational power aavasyamaanu, pakshe staatik laittingulla ramgangalkku ithu kooduthal upayogapradamaakum, kaaranam ithu oru thavana maathrame kanakkaakkendathulloo. oru ramgathinte uparithalangale valia alavilulla paachukalaayi thirikkam; oro paachum kurachu prakasham vikiranam cheyyukayum mattu paachukale baadikkukayum cheiyunnu, thudarnnu oro paachinteyum anthima radiosity labhikkunnathin oru valia samavaakyangal oresamayam pariharikkendathundu.
phottoon mapping.
reey tracinginekkaal kaaryakshamamaya rund-paas aagola prakasha algorithamaayaanu phottoon mapping srishtichathu. oru prakasha srothassil ninnu purathuvarunna photonukale niravadhi ghattangaliloode tracucheyyunnathinulla adisthaana thathwamaanithu. aadya paasil photonukal oru prakasha srothassil ninnu purathuvidukayum avayude aadya vasthuvil ninnu kuthikkukayum cheiyunnu; photonukal sthithicheyyunna sthalathinte eee bhoopadam pinneedu rekhappeduthunnu. oro photoninteyum sthaanavum dishayum phottoon maappil adangiyirikkunnu, athu onnukil bounce cheiyukayo agiranam cheiyukayo cheiyunnu. vyathyastha prathalangalkkayi prathiphalanangal kanakkaakkunna renderingilaanu randaamathe paas sambhavikkunnath. eee prakriyayil, phottoon mapp ramgathinte jyamithiyil ninnu verpeduthunnu, athaayath rendering vevvere kanakkakkaam. ithu oru upayogapradamaaya saankethikavidyayaanu, kaaranam ithinu koostiks anukarikkaan kazhiyum, kaazhchayo vasthukkalo maarukayaanengil pree-prosessing gattangal aavarthikkendathilla.
bahubhuja shading.
3dii modalukal 2dii pixel chithrangalayi varaykkunna raastaraiseshan prakriyayude bhagamaanu polygonal shading. thathfalamaayundaakunna chithratthinte oro bhaagathum (allengil pixel) lighting engane prathinidheekarikkanamennu nirnnayikkaan 3D modalinte jyaamitheeya aatribyoottukalumayi chernnu shading oru lighting model prayogikkunnu. 3dii modalinte bahubhujangal shading prakriyaykku aavashyamaaya jyaamitheeya moolyangal sambharikkunnu. eee vivarangalil vertex positional moolyangalum uparithala normalukalum ulppedunnu, ennaal texture, bump maappukal polulla oopshanal daatta adangiyirikkaam.
paranna nizhal.
oru polygonil prakaashatthinteyum niratthinteyum ekeekritha prayogamulla oru lalithamaaya shading modalaan phlait shading. oru sheershakathinte niravum normal muzhuvan bahubhujathinteyum shading kanakkakkaan upayogikkunnu. oro polygonin oru renderinu oru thavana maathrame velicham kanakkaakkendathulloo ennathinaal paranna shading chelavukuranjathaanu.
gauraud shading.
oro bahubhujathinteyum ullile moolyangal athinte sheershaka moolyangalude samyojanamaaya oru tharam interpolated shadingaanu gauraud shading. chuttumulla bahubhujangalude uparithala normalsinte sharashari ulkkollunna oro sheershakathinum athintethaaya normal nalkiyittundu. aaa sheershakathile lighting shading thudarnnu sharashari normal, thiranjedukkunna lighting model enniva upayogichu kanakkakkunnu. 3dii modelle ellah konukalilum eee prakriya aavarthikkunnu. aduthathaayi, sheershakangalkkidayilulla arikukalude shading kanakkaakkunnath sheershaka moolyangalkkidayil interpolate cheythaanu. avasaanamaayi, bahubhujathinullile shading chuttumulla edju moolyangalude interpolationaayi kanakkakkunnu. 3dii modalinte uparithalathiludaneelam gauraud shading sugamamaya lighting ephakt srishtikkunnu.
fong shading.
gauraud shadinginu samanamaaya fong shading, vertex moolyangalkkidayil shade bahubhujangalumayi samyojippikkunna mattoru tharam interpolative shadingaanu. iva randum thammilulla pradhana vyathyasam, fong shading athinte shading kanakkaakkunnathin munbu muzhuvan polygonilum vertex normal moolyangal interpolate cheiyunnu ennathaanu. ithu muzhuvan bahubhujathilum ithinakam sheducheyta sheershaka moolyangale interpolate cheiyunna gauraud shadingumaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. fong shading polygoninullile oru shakalathinte (pixel) normal kanakkakkikkazhinjaal, athinu aaa shakalathin shading nalkikkond oru lighting model prayogikkaan kazhiyum. 3dii modalinte oro polygone shade cheiyunnathuvare eee prakriya aavarthikkunnu. 
lighting efakttukal.
koostiks.
valanja interfesukalulla oru maadhyamathil prathifalikkukayum refract cheyyukayum cheiyunna prakaashatthinte falamaanu koostiks allengil valanja uparithalathil ninnu prathifalikkunnu. avaa kendreekritha prakaashatthinte ribanukalaayi kaanapedunnu, jalamo glasso nokkumbol palappozhum kaanapedunnu. badhita vasthukkalude texture maappumaayi oru koostik texture mapp samyojippichu 3D graphixil koostiks nadappilakkaan kazhiyum. kosttiksinte ghadana onnukil kosttiksinte phalangal anukarikkunnathin aanimettucheytha oru staatik imej aakam, allengil oru shoonyamaaya chithrathilekku kosttiksinte thalsamaya kanakkukoottal aakam. randaamathethu kooduthal sankeernamaanu, koodaathe 3D renderinte paristhithiyiloode neengunna photonukale anukarikkunnathin backward reey tracing aavasyamaanu. oru phottoon mapping illumination modalil, koostiks moolamundaakunna prakaashatthinte theevratha kanakkakkaan reey tracingumaayi samyojichu monde carlo sample upayogikkunnu.
prathiphalana mapping.
reyy tracing upayogikkaathe reflectivityude prabhavam srishtikkaan 2 dii envayonment maappukal upayogikkunna oru saankethikavidyayaanu reflection mapping (envayonment mapping ennum ariyappedunnu). prathiphalana vasthukkalude roopam kaazhchakkaarude aapekshika sthaanangal, vasthukkal, chuttumulla parithasthithikal ennivaye aashrayichirikkunnathil, eee gadakangale adisthaanamaakki vasthukkalkk engane niram nalkanamennu nirnnayikkaan graphics algorithangal prathiphalana vektarukal nirmmikkunnu. poornnamaayum render cheiyunnathinupakaram 2dii envayonment maappukal upayogikkuka, chuttupaadukale prathinidheekarikkunnathin 3dii vasthukkal, vasthukkalude prathiphalanangal lalithavum computational chelavukuranjathumaaya algorithangal upayogichu nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum.
kanika samvidaanangal.
thee, chalikkunna draavakangal, spodanangal, chalikkunna mudi thudangiya araajakathvavum uyarnna sankeernathayumulla sambhavangalude maathrkayaakkaan kanika samvidaanangal cheria kanangalude shekharangal upayogikkunnu. sankeernamaaya aanimeshan nirmmikkunna kanikakal oru emittar vitharanam cheiyunnu, ithu oro kanikaykkum vegatha, ayuss, niram thudangiya gunangal nalkunnu. kaalakramena, eee kanikakal chalikkukayo niram maattukayo mattu gunangal vyathyaasappedukayo cheyyaam. saadhaaranayaayi, kanika samvidaanangal oro kanikaykkum purappeduvikkunna prarambha gunangal polulla kramarahitata ulkkollunnu, ithu phalathe yaadhaarthyabodhamullathum ekeekrithamallaathathumaakkunnu.

