
ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthruthvam

ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthruthvam (mazhavillu kudumbangal ennum ariyappedunnu) ennathu lesbian, geey, baisekchwal, transgender (ell. jii. bii. tii) aalukale onno athiladhikamo kuttikale maathaapithaakkalaayo valarthal maathaapithaakkalaayo valarthunnathine soochippikkunnu. swavarga dambathikal valarthiya kuttikal (swavarga rakshakarthaakkal), eaka ell. jii. bii. tii maathaapithaakkal valarthiya kuttikal, kuranjathu oru pankaaliyenkilum ell. jii. bii. tii ulla ethirlinga dambathikal valarthiya kuttikal enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthruthvathe ethirkkunnavar ithu kuttikale prathikoolamaayi baadhikkunnuvenn vaadichittundu. ennirunnaalum, swavarggaanuraagikalum lesbian maathaapithaakkalum bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkaleppole aarogyamullavarum kazhivullavarumaanennum avarude kuttikal bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkalaal valarthappedunnavareppole maanasikamaayi aarogyakaravum nannayi krameekarikkappettavarum shaasthreeya gaveshanangal sthiramaayi kaanikkunnu. yuu. esile maanasikaarogya professionalukalude pradhana associationukal.ezz.canada austreliyayum mattuvidhathil nirddeshikkunna vishwasaneeyamaaya anubhavaparamaya gaveshanangal thiricharinjittilla.
roopangal.
nilavilullatho munpullatho aaya bandhangal, cooparenting, datthedukkal, valarthal paricharanam, daathaakkalude beejasankalanam, paraspara ivf, vaadaka garbhadharanam ennivayulppede vividha maargangaliloode elgbt aalukalkk maathaapithaakkalaakaan kazhiyum. oru swavargaanuraagiyo lesbiano allengil jeevithathil pinneedu parivartthanam cheiyunna oru transgender vyakthiyo vividha kaaranangalal mixed ooriyanteshan vivaham polulla ethirlinga bandhatthil kuttikal janichekkaam.
chila kuttikalkk thangalkk oru ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthru undennu ariyilla; purathuvarunna prasnangal vyathyasthamaan, chila maathaapithaakkal thangalude kuttikale ell. jii. bii. tii ennu thirichariyunnuvennu orikkalum velippeduthilla. athanusarichu, maathaapithaakkal purathuvarunnathinodu kuttikal engane prathikarikkunnu ennathinodu avarude laingika aabhimukhyam allengil linga thirichariyal ennivayumaayi yaathoru bandhavumilla, marichu maathaapithaakkalil oraal purathuvarunna pravarthanangalodu engane prathikarikkunnu ennathumaayi; athaayath.iii. maathaapithaakkalude pankaalittham illaathaakukayo allengil maathaapithaakkal purathukadannathinu sheshamo transj maathaapithaakkalude kaaryatthil parivartthana samayat aarogyakaramaya, thuranna, ashayavinimaya bandham nilanirthukayo cheiyunnundo.
lesbian, geey, baisekchwal, transgender ennee niravadhi aalukal maathaapithaakkalaanu. 2000 yuu.ezz. udaaharanathinu, sensus prakaram, 33 sathamaanam sthree swavarga dambathikalum 22 sathamaanam purusha swavarga dambathikalum 18 vayassinu thaazheyulla oru kuttiyengilum veettil thaamasikkunnathayi report cheythu. 2005leeii kanakkanusarichu amerikkayil 270,313 kuttikal swavarga dambathikalude neethrthwathilulla veedukalilaanu thaamasikkunnath.
datthedukkal.
swavarga dambathikalude samyuktha datthedukkal 27 raajyangalilum chila upa-deseeya pradeshangalilum niyamaparamaan. koodaathe, 5 rajyangal eathenkilum tharatthilulla randaanachane dathedukkunnathu niyamavidheyamaakkiyittundu. lokathinte pala bhagangalilum datthedukkal nayangalil sthaapanaparamaaya bhinnalingatha nireekshikkaavunnathaan chila raajyangalo samsthaanangalo lesbian, swavarggaanuraagikal allengil ubhayalingakkaar dathedukkunnathu vyakthamaayi nirodhikkunnu. ejansiyude shradhaakendrathe (prathyeka aavasyamulla kuttikal, sisukkal muthalaayava) aashrayich ejansikalkkidayil valia vyathiyaanathode elgibiticu aalukal oro kesinte adisthaanathil datthedukkumo ennathinekkurichu mattu adhikaaraparidhikal theerumaanangal edukkunnu.), ejansiyude mathaparamaya affiliation undengil, eriya supervisormaarudeyum playsment thozhilaallikaludeyum swabhaavam. nilavil anthaaraashtra datthedukkalil sajeevamaayi earppettirikkunna raajyangalonnumillaathil anthaaraashtra dathedukkalukalkku niyamaparamaaya thadassangalumundu (udha.jii. chaina, gwatimala) lesbian, swavarggaanuraagikale parasyamaayi thirichariyunna aalukal datthedukkaan anuvadikkunnu. bisexwal, transgender, transexwal aalukale saadhaaranayaayi vyakthamaayi perittirikkunnillenkille eee nirodanangalil ulppeduthiyittundaam.
vidhikal.
1968ll kaaliforniyayile maan bill johns oru kutty datheduttha aadya swavarggaanuraagikalil oralaayi. pinneedu addeham glide memorial charchinoppam swavarganuraga avakasha prasthaanatthil pankedutthu.
avarude penthakosth palliyil kandumuttya sandy shusterum madalin isaxon 1978 ll oru lesbian dambathikalkku anukoolamaayi amerikkayile aadyathe kasttadi yudhathil vijayichu.
2008 januvariyil, niyamaparamaayi yogyathayullathum anuyojyavumaaya oru sthaanaarthiye avarude laingika aabhimukhyam adisthaanamaakki dathedukkunnathil ninnu ozhivaakkaruthenn europian manushyavakaasha kodathi vidhichu.
2010-ll oru florida kodathi "swavarggaanuraagikalude rakshaakarthruthvathilo avarude kuttikalude krameekaranatthilo vyathyaasangalillenn reportukalum padanangalum kandethunnu" ennu prakhyaapichu, athinaal "eee prashnam tharkkathinu atheethamaanennu kodathi samthruptharaanu, allaathapaksham athu yukthirahithamayirikkum."
fulttan vii. philadelphia nagaram.
"fulttan vii. 2020 november 4 muthal 2021 juun 17 vare nadanna catholica saamoohika sevanangalum (css) philadelphia nagravum thammilulla oru supreme kodathi kesaanu sitti oof philadelphia. datthedukkal ejansikalumaayulla nagaratthinte karaarukal niyamaprakaaram elgibiticu dambathikale vivechanam cheiyunnathu nirodhikkunnu. dhaa philadelphia nagaram cssumaayulla karar avasaanippichu, kaaranam valarthumrigangalude paricharanatthinaayi parishodhikkumbol elgibiticu dambathikale pariganikkaan ejansi visammathichu, avarude pravartthanangal oru purushan sthriyum thammilulla vivaahamaanenna mathavishwaasam moolamaanennu paranju. css group homukal polulla mattu tharatthilulla phosttar cair sevanangal pravarthippikkukayum avarude karar raddaakkiyaalum philadelphiyayil ninnu dasalakshakkanakkinu dollar sweekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. nagaravumaayulla karar raddaakkunnathu avarude aadya bhedagathi avakaashathe thadassappeduthunnuvenna kodathi kesil css avakashappettu. philadelphiyayude abhibhashakanaaya neel kathyal vaadichu, "njangal vivechanam kaanikkillenn parayunna oru karaaril ningalkk thinkalaazhcha oppidanaavilla, chovvazhcha munnott pooyi vivechanam kaanikkuka."muun supreme kodathi cases asaadhuvaakkaanum cases lakshyamittu", employment division vii. oru mathavibhaagathe prathikoolamaayi baadhichittum sarkkar oru pothu niyamam nishpakshamaayi nadappaakkunnathu niyamaanusrithamaanennu smith (1990) nigamanam cheythu. karar thallikkalayaanulla philadelphiyayude theerumaanam onnaam bhedagathiyile swatantra vyayaama vakupp anuvadicha avakashangal lamghikkunnuvennu kodathi vidhichu. fulttan vezhsasil sii. ezz. esumaayi chernnu nilkkunnundenkilum. philadelphia nagaratthil, kodathi 1990 leeii cases vidhi asaadhuvaakkiyilla.
vaadaka garbhadharanam.
chila swavarggaanuraagikalaaya dambathikal vaadaka garbham dharikkan theerumaanikkunnu. oru daataav nalkukayo pankaali nalkukayo cheiyunna beejam beejasankalanam cheytha mutta vahikkunna oru sthreeyeyaan (orupakshe oru rakshithaav) vaadaka garbhachhidram. chila aalukal panathinuvendiyum mattullavar maanushika kaaranangalal allengil randum kondum vaadakaykku edukkunnavaraayi maarunnu. vaadaka garbhadhaarana sevanangal upayogikkunna maathaapithaakkalkk kalankam thonnam.
beejasankalana.
lesbian dambathikal kooduthalum upayogikkunna oru reethiyaanu beejasankalana reethi. oru pankaaliye beejasankalanam cheyyumbol oru sirinchiloode kuthivaykkunna daathaavinte beejam. beejam uthppaadippikkunna chila aalukal maanushika kaaranangalal ithu daanam cheiyunnu, mattullavar panatthino randino vendiyaanu. chila rajyangalil, daathaavin anjjaathanaakaan thiranjedukkaam (udaaharanathinu speyinil), mattullavayil, avarude aidantitti (yunaittad kingdom) marachuvekkaan kazhiyilla.
paraspara ivf.
sthree prathyulpaadana avayavangalulla dambathikal paraspara ivf upayogikkunnu. inn vitro fertilisation upayogichu, oru pankaaliyil ninnu muttakal neekkam cheyth bhroonangal nirmmikkaan upayogikkunnu, athu mattoru pankaali vijayakaramaya garbhadhaaranathil vahikkumennu prathekshikkunnu.
reethikal vikasippikkuka.
nilavil shaasthranjar swavarga dambathikalkku kuttikalundakaan sahayikkunna manushya rakshaakarthruthvathinte ithara tharangalekkurichu gaveshanam nadathunnu. charmmatthile stem cellukalil ninnu beejam neduka ennathaanu athinulla oru saadhyatha.
sthithivivarakkanakkukal.
yuu. anusarichu.ezz. 2007 desemberil prasidheekaricha sensus snapshottil, kuttikalulla swavarga dambathikalkku saambathika vibhavangal valare kuravum bhinnalinga vivahitharaaya dambathikalekkaal veedu udamasthaavakaashathinte nirakk valare kuravumaanu. usile elgibiticu kudumbangalude saambathika kshemathekkurichulla oru saahitya avalokanam parayunnath, vivechanathe bhayann elgibiticu kudumbangalkkidayile daaridryathinte prathyaaghaathangal ozhivakkaan kooduthal bhakshya arakshithaavasthayum vibhavangal labhyamakkaanulla kazhivum kuravaanu. ithinu oru kaaranam soochippikkunnathu, bhooribhaagam ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu dambathikalum onniladhikam paarshwalkkarikkappetta grouppukalil ninnullavaraan, avarkk mothatthilulla varumanam paarshwalkkarikkappedaath communitykalile aalukalil ninnu kuravaanu.
2014 muthal 2016 vare nadatthiya american community sarway enna sarveyil ninnulla daatta prakaram amerikkayil kuttikale valarthunna elgibiticu maathaapithaakkalude ennam 114,000 aanennu kanakkakkunnu. amerikkayile ellah elgibiticu dambathikalil 24 sathamaanam sthree swavarga dambathikalum kuttikale valarthunnu, athesamayam 8 sathamaanam purusha swavarga dambathikalum. koodaathe, swavarga pankaalikalil ekadesham 21 sathamaanam perkku datheduttha kuttiyundaayirunnu.
usile transgender alukalekkurichulla 51 sarvekalude 2014 leeii saahitya avalokanathil call bhaagathinum pakuthiykkum idayil transgender purushanmaarekkaal kooduthal transgender sthreekal maathaapithaakkalaanennu report cheythu. thaarathamyappeduthumbol, 2015-ll 27,700 transgender, lingabhedam illaatha aalukalil nadatthiya sarveyil 18 sathamaanam perr oru kuttiyude maathaapithaakkalaanennu report cheythu. amerikkayil swavarggaanuraagikaludeyum lesbian maathapithaakkaludeyum kanakkukal 2 muthal 8 dasalaksham vareyaanennum lesbian, swavarganuraga maathaapithaakkalude kuttikalude kanakkukal 4 muthal 14 dasalaksham vareyaanennum reportund.
kudumbasamathvam ennu vilikkunna ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu avakasha sakhyam samaaharicha ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu kudumba nirmmaana sarveyil amerikkayil, ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu sahasraabdangalil (vayass <aii. dii. 2>)% perum thangalude kudumbangale vipuleekarikkunnathinekku aalochikkunnu, onnukil aadyamaayi maathaapithaakkalaakukayo kooduthal kuttikalundaakukayo cheiyunnu.
ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu sahasraabdangalil 48 sathamaanavum thangalude kudumbangale valarthaan sajeevamaayi padhathiyidunnu, ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu allatha sahasraabdangalil 55 shathamaanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, pazhaya thalamurakalumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol eee vidavu ganyamaayi kuranju.
kudumbangale aasoothranam cheiyunna ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu aalukalil 63 sathamaanavum sahaayathodeyulla prathyulpaadana saankethikavidya, valarthal paricharanam allengil datthedukkal enniva maathaapithaakkalaakaan prathekshikkunnu, ithu ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu maathaapithaakkalude pazhaya thalamurakalil ninnu ganyamaaya maattamaan, avaril bhooribhaagam kuttikalum laingika bandhatthiloode garbham dharichu. finlandile ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu dambathikalude shaaktheekaranathekkurichu oru padanatthil uyarnna pinthunayude vikaarathin kaaranamaaya 4 gadakangalundennu kandethithi 1) saamoohikamaayi amgeekarikkappetta kudumbangal srishtikkaanulla maathaapithaakkalude sannadhatha, 2) rakshaakarthruthva pinthuna, 3) ellah maathaapithaakkalumaayum manyamaaya pankaalittham, 4) axus cheyyaavunna sevanangal.poolish akkadami oof sayansasinte (aipi paan) instittyoott oof saikkolaji polandil nadatthiya oru sarway prakaram rajyath thamasikkunna swavarga bandhamullah 3000 elgbt aalukalil, 9 sathamaanam (sthreekalil aii. dii. 1 umm purushanmaaril 4.6 sathamaanavum) elgbt dambathikal maathaapithaakkalaayirunnu. 2011 leeii canadian sensus poolish padanatthinu samanamaaya nigamanagalil ethi canadian swavarggaanuraagikalaaya dambathikalil 9.4% perum kuttikale valarthunnu.
gaveshanam.
swavarggaanuraagikalum lesbian maathaapithaakkalum bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkaleppole aarogyamullavarum kazhivullavarumaanennum avarude kuttikal bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkalaal valarthappedunnavareppole maanasikamaayi aarogyakaravum nannayi krameekarikkappettavarum shaasthreeya gaveshanangal sthiramaayi kaanikkunnu. yuu. esile maanasikaarogya professionalukalude pradhana associationukal.ezz.canada austreliyayum mattuvidhathil nirddeshikkunna vishwasaneeyamaaya anubhavaparamaya gaveshanangal thiricharinjittilla.
amerikkayil, swavarggaanuraagikaludeyum lesbian maathapithaakkaludeyum kuttikalil cheluthunna swaadheenathekkurichulla padanangal aadyamaayi nadathiyathu 1970-kalil aanu, 1980-kalil swavarggaanuraagikaludeyum lesbian maathapithaakkaludeyum vardhichuvarunna ennam avarude jeevashasthraparamaaya kuttikalude niyamaparamaaya samrakshanam thedunna pashchaathalatthil ithu vipuleekarichu.
ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu maathaapithaakkalulla kuttikalum cheruppakkaarum saadhaaranayaayi bhinnalingakkaaraanennu thirichariyunnu enna vasthuthayal savisheshamaayi nirvachikkappedunnu, ennaal oru ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu-rakshakarthaavu kudumbatthile avarude amgathvathinte pravartthanamenna nilayil, avar nyoonapaksha sammarddathinu vidheyaraakukayum praayapoortthiyaayavarude phalangal anubhavikkukayum cheiyunnu. athinaal, eee padanatthile oru pradhana chodyam, elgibiticu maathaapithaakkalulla cheruppakkaar elgibiticu communityumaayulla avarude bandhamo vichedikkalo engane vishadeekarikkunnu ennathaanu, kuttikalaayirikkumbol (elgibiticu maathaapithaakkalkkoppam valarumbol) cheruppakkaaraayirikkumbol?
lingaparamaaya rolukalude kaimattathekkurichu, ell. jii. bii. tii. kyu maathaapithaakkal rund vyathyastha chithrangalkkidayil pidikkappedunnu "avar bhinnalinga kudumbangalil ninnu antharleenamaayi vyathyastharo adisthaanaparamaayi samanaro aayi chithreekarichirikkunnu". lesbianmaare onnukil theevravaadikalaayathinaal, purusha virudha feministukalaayathinaal, allengil prathyekichu surakshithamaaya paricharanakkaraayi kaanunnu, kaaranam avar rund snehamullavarum pariposhippikkunna sthreekalum laingikamaayi durupayogam cheyyaan saadhyathayillaathavarumaan. swavarggaanuraagikalaaya purushanmaarum eee rund vyathyastha chithrangalkkidayil pidikkappedunnu. oru vashath avarkk kuttikale mulayoottaanulla sthreekalude kazhivilla, laingikamaayi (amithamaayi) sajeeva kollayadikkaan saadhyathayullavarumaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, lesbianmareppole valare raashtreeyavum; maruvashathu avar bhinnalinga purushanmaarekkaal kooduthal maathrthvavum kooduthal sthreelingavumaanu.
swavarggaanuraagikalum lesbiakkaarum bhinnalingakkaaril ninnu chila adisthaanaparamaaya reethiyil vyathyastharaanennathaanu adisthaana anumaanam, eee vyathyasam avarude asaadhaaranamaaya linga aavishkaarathe soochippikkunnu. athinaal, avarude kuttikalkk anuyojyamaaya lingaparamaaya perumaattam maathrkayaakkaan avarkk kazhiyilla, udaaharanathinu, swavarggaanuraagikalaaya pithaakkanmaarkk avarude penkuttikale kulikkaano praayapoorthiyaakunnathinum aarthavathekkurichum charcha cheyyaano kazhiyillenna anumaanam.
reethishaasthram.
ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthruthvathekkurathu padanangal chilappol cheruthum koodaathe/allengil kramarahithavumaaya saambilukal, saadhyamaaya ellah niyanthranangalum nadappilakkaanulla kazhivillaayma, cheria ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthru janasamkhya, oru ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthru ennu thirichariyunnathinulla saamskaarikavum saamoohikavumaaya thadassangal enniva moolam anubhavichittundu.
1993-ll "jenal oof devozhs aandu remerage" ll prasidheekaricha oru avalokanam, ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthruthvam kuttikalil cheluthunna prathyaaghaathangale abhisambodhana cheiyunna pathinaalu padanangal thiricharinju. ellah padanangalkkum baahya saadhuthayillennum athinaal "lesbian ammamarum bhinnalinga ammamarum valarthunna kuttikalil kaaryamaaya vyathyaasangalonnumille nigamanam cheytha gaveshana daattaabes pinthunaykkunnilla."
fittsjeraaldinte 1999 leeii vishakalanam chila reethishaasthraparamaaya budhimuttukal vishadeekarichu
eee padanangalil palathum samanamaaya parimithikalum balaheenathakalum anubavikkunnu, pradhana thadassam oru phalatthil adrishyamaaya janasamkhyayil praathinidyavum kramarahithavumaaya saambilukal nedunnathinulla budhimuttaanu. vivechanam, swavarggaanuraagam, kuttikalude samrakshanam nashtappedumenna bheeshanikal enniva kaaranam pala lesbian, swavarggaanuraagikalaaya maathaapithaakkalum avarude laingika aabhimukhyam thurannuparayunnilla. itharathilulla gaveshanangalil pankedukkunnavar saadhaaranayaayi avarude swavarggalaingikathayekkura thaarathamyena thurannuparayunnu, athinaal, swavarggaanuraagikaludeyum lesbian maathapithaakkaludeyum oru prathyeka groupinode gaveshanathe pakshapathaparamaayi kaanunnu.
soukaryapradamaaya saambilukalude anivaryamaaya upayogam kaaranam, sample valuppangal saadhaaranayaayi valare cheruthaanu, gaveshanathil pankedukkunnavaril bhooribhaagavum thikachum ekathaanamaayi kaanapedunnu-udha.jii. vella, madhyavargam, nagara, nalla vidyaabhyaasam. swavarggaanuraagikalaaya pithaakkanmaarude kuttikalum lesbian ammamarullavarumaayi nadatthiya padanangalude ennam thammilulla vishalamaaya vyathyaasamaan mattoru reethi...
gaveshana vishayangal thangaleyum avarude kudumbangaleyum saadhyamaaya ettavum abhikaamyamaaya velichathil avatharippikkunna reethiyil prathikarikkumbol saamoohikamaaya abhilashaneeyamaaya pakshapaathatthinulla saadhyathayaanu praadhaanyamulla mattoru ghadakam. negatteevu prathichaayakalum vivechanavum nikathaanum vipareethamakkaanumulla eee janasamkhyayude aagraham kaaranam atharamoru prathibhasam saadhyamaanennu thonnunnu. thathfalamaayi, eee padanangalude kandethalukal svayam-avatharana pakshapaathathaal roopappeduthaam.
american soshyolajikkal review" enna prasidheekaranathil prasidheekaricha stesiyum biblars 2001ll nadatthiya 21 padanangalude avalokanam anusaricha "[aarr] saadhaarana janasamkhyayil kuttikalulla lesbigay maathaapithaakkalude ennatheyum sthaanatheyum kurichu gaveshakarkk vishwasaneeyamaaya daatta illa, atharam kudumbangalude kramarahitavum praathinidyaparavumaaya saambilukale adisthaanamaakki kuttikalude vikasanathekkurichu padanangalonnumilla. mikka padanangalum cherukida, snoball, soukarya saambilukal ennivaye aasrayichirikkunnu, praadhamikamaayi vyakthigatha, community netvarkkukalil ninno ejansikalil ninno eduthathaanu. thaarathamyena vidyaasambannarum pakwathayullavarum thaarathamyena purogamana nagara kendrangalil thaamasikkunnavarumaya velutha lesbian ammamaaril innuvareyulla mikka gaveshanangalum nadathiyittundu, mikkappozhum californiayilo vadakkukizhakkan samsthaanangalilo."
sameepakaala padanangalil, elgbt aalukalude maarikkondirikkunna saamoohika kaalavastha polulla gadakangal kaaranam eee prasnangalil palathum pariharikkappettittund.
american psychologist" enna kruthiyil herekkinte 2006 leeii prabandham ingane prasthaavichu
anubhavaparamaya anweshanathinte eathoru puthiya mekhalayilum pratheekshikkunnathupole, eee mekhalayile mothatthilulla reethishaasthraparamaaya sankeernathayum padanangalude gunanilavaaravum varshangalayi vardhichu. sameepakaala gaveshanangal probability, community adhishtitha soukarya saambilukal ennivayil ninnulla daatta report cheythittundu, kooduthal karsanamaaya moolyanirnnaya saankethikavidyakal upayogichu, koodaathe "shisu vikasanavum vikasana manashaasthravum" ulppede valare bahumaanikkappedunnathum vyaapakamaayi udharikkappedunnathumaaya vikasana manahshaasthra jenalukalil prasidheekarichittundu. varaanirikkunna padanangalil ninnu daatta kooduthalaayi labhyamaan. koodaathe, aadyakaala patana saambilukalil pradhaanamaayum bhinnalinga bandhangalil janicha kuttikalaanu ulppettirunnathu, athu pinneedu oru maathaapithaakkal swavarggaanuraagikalaayo lesbianmaaraayo purathuvannappol illaathaayi, sameepakaala saambilukalil swavargga bandhatthil garbham dharichatho shaishavathil datthedutthatho aaya kuttikale ulppeduthaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. athinaal, oru laingika nyoonapaksha maathaapithaakkalude phalathe vivaahamochanathinte anantharafalangalumaayi aashayakkuzhappathilaakkaalanu saadhyatha avar kuravaanu.
swavarggaanuraagikalo lesbian maathaapithaakkalo valarthiya kuttikalude phalangal parishodhikkunna 20 padanangal 2002 leeii saahithyathinte avalokanathil kandethukayum eee kuttikal padicha eathenkilum phalangalil bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkal valarthiyathil ninnu vyavasthaapithamaayi vyathyaasappettittille kandethukayum cheythu.
2009ll eee kesil samarppicha sathyavaangmoolathil "gill vii. oafees oof pezhsanal maanejment, "manahshaasthra professor cambridge sarvakalaashaalayile saamoohika, vikasana manahshaasthra vibhaagam medaaviyumaaya maikkal lamb paranju
swavarga rakshaakarthruthvathekkurathu pradhana padanangalil upayogikkunna reethikal vikasana manahshaasthrathilum manahshaasthrathilum gaveshanathinulla maanadandangal paalikkunnu. swavarga rakshaakarthruthvathinu prathyekamaaya padanangal child development, sosaitti phoor research inn child development, developmental saikkolaji, american psychological association prasidheekaricha, jenal oof child saikkolaji aandu saikyatri, child development mekhalayile munnira piyar-review jenalukal ennivayil prasidheekarichu. kuttikaludeyum kaumaarakkaarudeyum vikasanathekurichulla gaveshanathinaayi pothuve amgeekarikkappetta saamoohika shaasthreeya maanadandangalekkurichulla vidagdha samavaayathe prathinidheekarikkunna maanadandangal karsanamaayi piyar-review cheythathum valare thiranjedutthathumaaya eee (allengil samanamaaya) jenalukalil mikka padanangalum prathyakshappettu. eee jenalukalil prasidheekarikkunnathinnum, eee padanangal karsanamaaya oru piyar-review prakriyayiloode kadannupokendathundu, thalphalamaayi, athath thozhilukalile amgangal vishwasaneeyamaayi karuthunna tharatthilulla gaveshanamaanu avaa. swavarga kudumbangalekkurichulla gaveshana samgham prasakthamaaya mekhalakalile maanadandangalumaayi poruthappedukayum vishwasaneeyamaaya nigamanagalil athicherukayum cheiyunnu."
2010ll prasidheekaricha gartralinteyum bosinteyum 25 varshathe deerghakaala patanam, daathaakkalude beejasankalanathinaayi sramikkukayum mattu saahacharyangalil ammamarekkaal kooduthal prachodanam nalkukayum cheytha ammamaaril maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. padanatthinte parimithikalil kramarahithamaya sample upayogikkunnathum lesbian group kantrol group vamshathino thaamasthalatthino anuyojyamallaathathum ulppedunnuvennu gartral bose shradhikkunnu.
maikkal jeey. stanford sarvakalaashaalayile soshyolaji associate professoraaya rosenfeld 2010 ll "demography" yill prasidheekaricha oru padanatthil ezhuthi, "saahithyathekkurichulla vimarsanam-padanangalude sample valuppangal sthithivivarakkanakkukalu sakthamaaya parishodhanakalkk anuvadikkaan kazhiyaathathra cheruthaanu-prasakthamaayi thudarunnu."valia sample deseeya praathinidhya daatta aadyamaayi upayogicha" rosenfeldinte padanatthil swavarga dambathikalude kuttikal schoolil saadhaarana phalangal prakadippichathaayi kandethi. "ivide pradhana kandethal", patanam report cheiyunnu, munkootty charcha cheyyappettathum cheruthumaaya sample padanangalkku oru alavukol saadhuta nalkunnu."
american psychological association 2005-ll prasidheekaricha oru vivaranam prakaram
2010ll american psychological association, california psychological association, american psychiatric association, american association phoor myarej aandu famili therapy enniva prasthaavichu
ooksfoord sarvakalaashaalayile denny masrekaj, christoph dii vitt, kuu leuven sophi cabus ennivar american soshyolajikkal reviewil prasidheekaricha 2020 leeii padanatthilaanu methodological rigaril ganyamaaya vardhanavu kaivarichathu. swavarga vivaham niyamavidheyamaakkiya aadya rajyamaaya netherlandil 1998 num 2007 num idayil janicha kuttikalude muzhuvan janasamkhyayeyum kurichulla bharanaparamaya deerghachathura daatta rachayithakkal upayogichu. swavarga maathaapithaakkalulla 2,971 kuttikaludeyum jananam muthal vyathyastha linga maathaapithaakkalulla oru dashalakshathiladhikam kuttikaludeyum vidyaabhyaasa prakadanatthe avar pinthudarnnu. jananam muthal thanne swavarga maathaapithaakkalaal yadhaarthathil valarthappetta kuttikal (oru samayat swavarga dambathikalodoppam jeevikkunnathinupakaram) oru valia praathinidhya maathruka nilanirthikkondu schoolil engane prakadanam nadathunnu ennathine abhisambodhana cheiyunna aadya padanamaayirunnu ithu. jananam muthal swavarga maathaapithaakkal valarthiya kuttikal praadhamika, secondary vidyaabhyaasathil vyathyastha linga maathaapithaakkal valarthiya kuttikale apekshichu mikacha prakadanam kaazhchavaykkunnuvennu rachayithakkal kandethi. rachayithaakkalude abhipraayathil, eee phalangal vishadeekarikkunna oru pradhana ghadakam maathaapithaakkalude saamoohika saambathika nilayayirunnu. swavarga dambathikalkku oru kutty prasavikkaan palappozhum chelaveria prathyulpaadana chikilsakalum datthedukkal nadapadikramangalum upayogikkendivarunnu, athaayath avar saadhaarana vyathyastha linga dambathikalekkaal sambannarum praayamaayavarum kooduthal vidyaabhyaasamullavarumaanu. ennirunnaalum, swavarga maathaapithaakkal uyarthunnathinte gunaparamaaya phalangal saamoohika saambathika nilaye niyanthrichathinusheshavum thudarukayaanennu patanam nigamanam cheythu, ennirunnaalum avaa kuranju. swavarggaanuraagaparamaaya vivechanam swavarga maathaapithaakkalkk avarude kuttikalkkayi kooduthal samayavum oorjjavum nikshepikkunnathiloode nashtapariharam nalkaan kaaranamaakumenn rachayithakkal anumaanikkunnu.
samavayam.
swavarggaanuraagikalum lesbian maathaapithaakkalumulla kuttikalude phalangale vipareetalinga maathaapithaakkalulla kuttikalude falangalumaayi nerittu thaarathamyam cheytha shaasthreeya gaveshanangal, swavarganuraga dambathikal valarthunna kuttikal ethirlinga dambathikal valarthunnavareppole shaareerikamaayo maanasikamaayo aarogyakaravum kazhivullavarum vijayakaravumaanennu kandethi, eee kudumbangalkk ganyamaaya niyamaparamaaya vivechanavum asamathvavum pradhana velluvilikalayi thudarunnu. yuu. esile maanasikaarogya professionalukalude pradhana associationukal.ezz.canada austreliyayum mattuvidhathil nirddeshikkunna vishwasaneeyamaaya anubhavaparamaya gaveshanangal thiricharinjittilla. saamoohikashaasthranjanaaya vendi manning avarude nigamanathe prathidhvanikkunnu "padanangal velippeduthunnathu swavarga maathaapithaakkalude kudumbangalil valarnna kuttikal kuttikalude kshema nadapadikalude vishalamaaya spektrathiludaneelam vyathyastha linga maathaapithaakkalude kudumbangalil valarnna kuttikalkk thulyamaayi pravarthikkunnuvennu academic prakadanam, vaijnjaanika vikasanam, saamoohika vikasanam, maanasika aarogyam, aadyakaala laingika pravartthanangal, mayakkumarunnu durupayogam."eee padanangalude paridhi oru kuttiyude kshematthinte eathoru idungiya spektrathinappuravum nigamanagalil ethaan anuvadikkunnu, koodaathe maathaapithaakkalude saambathikavum maanasikavum shaareerikavumaaya kshemam vivaahathiloode vardhippikkappedunnum niyamaparamaayi amgeekarikkappetta oru unioninullil rund maathaapithaakkal valarthunnathil ninnu kuttikalkk prayojanam labhikkumennum saahityam soochippikkunnu. swavarggaanuraagikalaaya maathaapithaakkalulla kudumbangalude veedum shisu samrakshana pravartthanangalum vitharanam cheiyunnathil avar kooduthal samathvamullavaraayathinaal parambaraagatha lingaparamaaya rolukal sweekarikkaanulla saadhyatha kuravaanennathinu thelivukalundu. ennirunnaalum, american akkadami oof pediatrics report cheiyunnathu swavarggaanuraagavum bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkalumulla kuttikal thammilulla thaalpparyangalilum hobikalilum vyathyaasangalonnumillenna.
1970kall muthal, maathaapithaakkalude ennam, lingabhedam, laingikatha, sahavasam thudangiya kudumbaghadanakalekkaal kuttikalude shemavum phalangalum nirnnayikkaan sahaayikkunnath kudumba prakriyakalaanennu (maathaapithaakkalude maanasikarogyanilavaaram, maathaapithaakkalude maanasika saamoohika kshemam, kudumbatthinullile bandhangalumayulla gunanilavaaravum samthrupthiyum, maathaapithaakkal thammilulla sahakaranathinteyum aikyathinteyum nilavaaram) kooduthal vyakthamaakunnu. 1980kalude avasaanam muthal, thalphalamaayi, parambaraagatha krameekaranangalilennapole parambaraagathamallaattha krameekaranangalil kuttikaleyum kaumaarakkaareyum nannayi krameekarikkaan kazhiyumennu nannayi sthaapikkappettittundu. koodaathe, maathaapithaakkalude ennavum sahavasa nilayum polulla gadakangalkku bandhatthinte gunanilavaaratthe mothatthil swaadheenikkaanum kazhiyum, ennaal laingikathayude kaaryatthilum ithu theliyikkappettittilla. newyork sarvakalaashaalayile saamoohyashaasthranjayaaya judith stesi parayunnathanusarichu, "swavarggaanuraagikalude rakshaakarthruthvathinte kaaryatthilennapole saamoohikashaasthrathinte oru mekhalayilum athrayadikam samavayam apoorvvamaayi maathrame undaakoo, athinaalaan american akkadami oof pediatrics shishukshemathil vaidagdhyamulla ellah pradhana professional samghadanakalum swavarggaanuraagikaludeyum lesbian maathaapithaakkalude avakaashangale pinthunaykkunna reportukalum prameyangalum purappeduvichathu". american akkadami oof pediatrics, american akkadami oof child aandu tailsant saikyatri, american cycatric association, american psychological association, american association phoor maryej aandu famili therapy, american psychonalytic association, naashanal association oof soshyal varkkezhs, child welfare leag oof america, dathedukkaavunna kuttikalekkurichulla north american kaunsil, canadian psychological association enniva eee samghadanakalil ulppedunnu. 2006ll gregory emm. american psychologist" enna pusthakatthil herek prasthaavichu "swavarggaanuraagikal, lesbian, allengil bisexwal maathaapithaakkal samaanathakalulla bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkale apekshichu antharleenamaayi kazhivillaathavaraanengil, avarude kuttikal saambilinte tharam pariganikkathe thanne prasnangal theliyikkum. eee maathruka vyakthamaayi nireekshikkappettilla. eee gaveshana saahithyathile sthiramaaya parajayangal kanakkileduthu, eee sidhaanthathe thettayi theliyikkunnathil, laingika nyoonapaksha maathaapithaakkalude kuttikal bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkalude kuttikalekkaal moshamaanenn vaadikkunnavarude mail anubhavaparamaya thelivukalude bharam cheluthunnu."
padanangalilum vishakalanangalilum bridget fittsjeraaldinte 1999 leeii swavarggaanuraagikaleyum lesbian rakshaakarthruthvatheyum kurichulla gaveshanathekkurichulla vishakalanam "vivaahavum kudumba avalokanavum" ll prasidheekarichu, labhyamaya padanangal saadhaaranayaayi "maathaapithaakkalude laingika aabhimukhyam vijayakaramaya balyakaala vikasanathinte phalapradamo pradhaanamo aaya pravachanamalla" ennum grigory emm. american psychologist" enna pusthakatthil herekkinte 2006 leeii vishakalanam ingane paranju "avarude saambilukalude gunanilavaaram, gaveshana roopakalppana, alavedukkal reethikal, daatta vishakalana saankethikavidyakal ennivayil ganyamaaya vyathyaasangal undaayirunnittum, innuvareyulla kandethalukal shradheyamaayi sthirathayullathaanu. laingika nyoonapaksha maathaapithaakkal valarthiya kuttikaleyum thaarathamyappeduthaavunna bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkal valarthiya kuttikaleyum thaarathamyam cheiyunna anubhavaparamaya padanangal maanasikaarogyathilo saamoohika krameekaranatthilo vishwasaneeyamaaya asamathvangal kandethiyitla. lesbian ammamarum bhinnalinga ammamarum thammilulla rakshaakarthru seshiyil vyathyaasangal kandethiyitla. swavarggaanuraagikalaaya pithaakkanmaare parishodhikkunna padanangal ennathil kuravaanengilum swavarggaanuraagikalaaya purushanmaar bhinnalingakkaaraaya purushanmaarekkaal maathaapithaakkalaayi yogyaro kazhivullavaro allennu kanikkunnilla."koodaathe, trans pettantinte kaaryatthil kuttikalkk avarude maathaapithaakkalude lingaparamaaya dysphorio allengil ithara maanasikaarogya prashnangalo anantharaavakaashamaayi labhikkumenn chilar bhayappedunnu, ennirunnaalum" transgender maathaapithaakkalaal valarthiya kuttikalkk ithu anubhavappedaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanennathinu thelivukalude abhavam undennu soochippikkunna gaveshanangalundu...] transgender ithara maathaapithaakkal unnayichathinekkaal vikasana prashnangalum kooduthal klinikkal gaveshanangalum kaanikkunnath "lingabhedam ulla maathaapithaakkalude kuttikalkk linga aidantitti desorder ulla maathaapithaakkalude roganirnayam kaaranam lingabhedam illaatha dsorio maanasika rogangalo vikasikkunnilla" ennu 1996 leeii mettaa vishakalanathil kandethi "maathaapithaakkalude shailikal, vaikaarika krameekaranam, kuttiyude laingika aabhimukhyam (renn) ennivayekkurichu bhinnalingakkaarum swavarggaanuraagikalum thammilulla nadapadikalil vyathyasangalonnumilla"; 2008 leeii mettaa vishakalanam samanamaaya nigamanagalil ethi.
juun 2010 ll, california sarvakalaashaalayile naanett gartral aamstardaam sarvakalaashaalayile hennie bose nadatthiya 25 varshathe deerghakaala padanatthinte phalangal puratthirangi. daathaavinte beejasankalanathiloode garbham dharichathum lesbian ammamar valarthiyathumaaya 78 kuttikale gartral bose padichu. garbhakaalath avarude kuttikalkk 2,5,10,17 vayass praayamaakumbol ammamaarumaayi abhimukham nadathukayum klinikkal chodyaavalikal nalkukayum cheythu. reportinte amoorthathil, rachayithakkal prasthaavichu "avarude ammamaarude reportukal anusarichu, lesbian ammamaarude 17 vayassulla penmakkalum aanmakkalum saamoohika, school/academic, motham kazhivukalil ganyamaayi uyarnnavarum saamoohika prasnangal, niyamangal lamghikkal, aakramanathmakatha, prashna swabhaavathe baahyavalkkarikkal ennivayil ganyamaayi kuravullavarum aayi vilayiruthappettu."
2013ll australian instittyoott oof famili stadees swavarga maathaapithaakkal valarthiya kuttikalude manashaasthraparamaaya phalangalekkurichulla chodyathil vipulamaaya saamoohika shaasthra saahithyathinte vishakalanam "swavarga maathaapithaakkalude kudumbangal kuttikale valarthunnathinulla pinthunayulla anthareekshamaanu", lesbian rakshaakarthruthvavumaayi bandhappett "ennathinu ippol sakthamaaya thelivukalundu...bhinnalinga dambathikalude kudumbangalil maathaapithaakkalaaya avarude samapraayakkaarumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol kuttikal anubavikkunna rakshaakarthru gunanilavaaram; kuttikalkkum cheruppakkaarkkum laingikavum lingaparavumaaya vaividhyathodulla kooduthal sahishnutha; kuttikal, prathyekichu aankuttikal prakadippikkunna lingaparamaaya vazhakkam ennivayumaayi bandhappett vyakthamaaya nettangal nilanilkkunnu."
laingika aabhimukhyam, lingaparamaaya punk.
ithuvare padanangalil ninnulla daattayude avalokanangal soochippikkunnathu bhinnalingakkaaraaya maathaapithaakkalaal valarthappedunna kuttikalkk laingika aabhimukhyam sambandhichu bhinnalingakkaaraaya maathaapithaakkalaal valarthappedunna kuttikalkk samanamaaya phalangal undennaanu. yuu prakaram.ezz. sensus prakaram amerikkayil swavarga dambathikal valarthunna kuttikalil 80 sathamaanavum avarude jeevashasthraparamaaya kuttikalaanu. hetterosexuvalukallathu jeevashasthraparamaaya kuttikalekkurichu, jeey. 2016-leeii oru avalokanathil parayunnu. maikkal bailey prasthaavikkunnath, "udaaharanathinu, swavarggaanuraagikalaaya maathaapithaakkalkk janithakashaasthrathinte adisthaanathil maathram swavarggaanuraagikalaaya kuttikal undakanulla saadhyatha bhinnalingakkaaraaya maathaapithaakkalekkaal kooduthalaanennu njangal prathekshikkunnu", kaaranam laingika aabhimukhyathin chila janithaka sambhaavanakalund, koodaathe maathaapithaakkalum kuttikalum avarude jeenukalude 50 sathamaanam pankidunnu.
jananasamayath verpeduthiya erattakalekkurichulla gaveshanathil ninnulla pradhana nireekshanangalum valia datthedukkal padanangalum, maathaapithaakkalkk avarude kuttikalude perumatta swabhaavasavisheshathakalil paaristhithika prathyaaghaathangal kuravo illayo ennathaanu, avaa maathapithaakkalkkum kuttikkum idayil pankitta jeenukalumaayum pankittathallaattha paristhithiyumaayum (valarthalinu pakaram kramarahithamaya vikasana shabdavum sambhavangalum polulla kuttikk savisheshamaaya paristhithi) parasparabandhithamaan. 2016 bailey thudangiyavar. prasavapoorva vikasana sambhavangal ulppede "laingika aabhimukhyam janithakavum saamoohikamallaathathumaaya paaristhithika swaadheenangalkku nalla thelivukalundennu" avalokanam nigamanam cheiyunnu, ennaal purusha laingika aabhimukhyavumayi bandhapetta jaiva samvidaanangalkku mikacha thelivukalundennu, ithu saamoohikavalkkaranathodu prathikarikkunnillenn thonnunnu, "saamoohika paristhithiyile vyathyaasangal purusha laingika aabhimukhyam vyathyaasappedaan kaaranamaayittundengil njangal aashcharyappedum."ithinu vipareethamaayi, sthree laingika aabhimukhyam saamoohika paristhithiyodu oru paridhivare prathikarikkumennu avar parayunnu," saamoohika anthareeksham sthree laingika aabhimukhyam, anubandha perumaattam ennivaye baadhikkunnuvenn kandethunnathum namukk athbhuthakaramalla, aaa saadhyathaye anumaanikkunnathinekkaal shaasthreeyamaayi pinthunaykkanam."
american akkadami oof child aandu kaumaara manorogachikitsayude 2013 leeii oru prasthavana prakaram bhinnalinga kudumbaghadanakalil nireekshikkappedunnaviya thaarathamyappeduthumbol elgbt maathaapithaakkalude kuttikalkk avarude lingaparamaaya perumattangalil vyathyasangalonnumilla.
charlot jeey. yude 2005 leeii avalokanam. lesbian allengil swavarggaanuraagikalaaya maathaapithaakkalude kuttikalkkidayil swavarggalaingikathayude uyarnna nirakk labhyamaya daatta soochippikkunnillenna american psychological associationte paattezhsan kandethi. herekkinte 2006-leeii avalokanam eee pooyintil labhyamaya daatta parimithamaanennu vivarikkunnu. kuttikalude laingika aabhimukhyam, linga thirichariyal enniva maathaapithaakkalude shaareerikakshamathayekkuricho nayangalekkuricho ulla charchakalil parimithamaaya prasakthiyaanennu stesi, biblars, herek enniva oonnipparayunnu. 2010leeii oru avalokanathil, ekapithru kudumbangale mattu kudumba tharangalumayi thaarathamyam cheyyumbol, staashiyum biblars parayunnu, "maathaapithaakkalude laingika swathuathinte vikasanathe maathaapithaakkal engane swaadheenikkunnu ennathinekkuricho avaa lingabhedavumaayi engane piriyunnu ennathinekkuricho njangalkk ithuvare valare kurachu maathrame ariyoo."kudumba saamoohikavalkkarana prakriyakaleyum" "sandarbhochithamaaya falangaleyum" kurichu parayumbol, atharam maathaapithaakkalulla kuttikal thaarathamyena kooduthal sahishnuthayulla schoolilum ayalpakkathum saamoohika pashchaathalangalilum valaraan saadhyatha kooduthalaanennu stesiyum biblars parayunnu ".
saamoohika velluvilikalum pinthunaa samvidaanangalum.
samoohathil jeevikkunnathiloode avar abhimukeekarikkunna peedanangalil ninnu maathaapithaakkalodu moshamaaya manobhavavumaayi kuttikal budhimuttiyekkaam. ell. jii. bii. tii kudumbangalile kuttikalkkum vadakke amerikkayile avarude maathapithaakkalkkum vyakthigatha domaine, kudumba domaine, community/school domaine ennivayulppede niravadhi apakadasaadhyathakalum velluvilikalum undaayekkaam. aadhipathyaparamaaya saamoohika maanadandangal chila kuttikale ellah allengil niravadhi mekhalakalil poraattatthilekku nayichekkaam. skoolile saamoohika edapedalukal, paatyethara pravartthanangal, mathasamghadanakal ennivaykku lingabhedam, laingikatha ennivayude adisthaanathil avarude maathaapithaakkalodum thangalodum nishedhaathmaka manobhaavam prolsaahippikkaan kazhiyum. saamoohika maanadandangalkku purathullava, sis-lingabhedam, bhinnalinga samooham enniva thirichariyunnathiloode avarkkethire avarude vyakthithvam oru aayudhamaayi upayogikkunnathiloodeyo vidyaarthikalkkum maathapithaakkalkkum palappozhum neridaan kazhiyunna pakshapaatham, steeriyodaippukal, micro-akramanangal, dosham, akramam enniva undaakunnu.
shaareerika upadravavum peedanavum, saibar peedanam, akramanam, bheeshanippeduthal, sookshuma akramanangal ennivayum athinappuravum enniva ell. jii. bii. tii yuvaakkalkk anubhavikkan kazhiyunna doshangaludeyum akramangaludeyum roopangalil ulppedunnu. anubhavappedunna doshasaadhyatha vardhikkunnathinaal, elgbt maathapithaakkaludeyum elgbt vidyaarthikaludeyum kuttikalkk vardhicha thothilulla sammarddam, uthkanda, aathmaabhimaanam enniva anubhavappedaam. samoohathilum schoolilum kudumbatthilum transphobia homophobia anubavikkunna kuttikaleyum maathapithaakkaleyum niravadhi niyamaparavum saamoohikavumaaya samrakshanangal pinthunaykkunnu. skoolukalkkullil pinthunaa shringalakal pariseelikkukayum vikasippikkukayum cheyyuka, prathirodhasheshi kazhivukalkkayi pravartthikkuka enniva vidyaarthikalkkum maathapithaakkalkkum surakshithamaaya anthareeksham srishtikkaan sahayikkum. saamoohika pinthuna, sakhya vikasanam, anukoola school parithasthithikal enniva eee vidyaarthikaleyum avarude kudumbangaleyum lakshyamitulla homophobia transfobia velluvilikkunathinulla nerittulla vazhikalaanu. ell. jii. bii. tii vidyaarthikalkkum avarude kudumbangalkkum anukoolamaaya school anthareekshavum saamoohika anthareekshavum srishtikkunnathinu vidyaarthi yuvaakkalkk niravadhi nettvarkkukalum school klabbukalum sthaapikkaanum nayikkanum kazhiyum. geey-strait alayans network (gsa), american sivil liberties union (ekloo), geey, lesbian & strait ejyukkeshan network (glsen) thudangiya samghadanakalkku school parithasthithikale pinthunaykkaan kazhiyum. ell. jii. bii. tii kuttikalkkum maathaapithaakkalkkumulla community vibhavangalaya manushyavakaasha kaambeyn (echu. aarr. sii), trevor project, lesbianmaarudeyum swavarggaanuraagikaludeyum maathaapithaakkal, kudumbangal, suhruthukkal (pii. flag) ennivaykku vyakthigatha pinthunaa samvidaanangal nirmmikkaan kazhiyum.
matoraal.
sulford sarvakalaashaalayile aarogya saamoohika paricharanatthile vaayanakkaaranaaya steefan hicks, lesbian allengil swavarggaanuraagikalaaya maathaapithaakkal vikalaro anuyojyaro aanennu sthaapikkaan shramikkunnathinte moolyathe chodyam cheiyunnu. atharam kudumbangale ethirkkunnatho pinthunaykkunnatho aaya prathyayashaasthrangalal avare ariyikkunnathinaal atharam sthaanangal thettaanenn addeham vaadikkunnu. hixinte kaazhchayil
athiraalikalude thettaaya avatharanam.
2006 leeii oru prasthavanayil, canadian psychological association avarude 2003,2005 nigamanangalekkurichu oru update cheytha prasthavana puratthirakki, "eee vishayathil vyakthikalkkum sthaapanangalkkum avarude abhipraayangalkkum nilapaadukalkkum arhathayundennu sii. pii. eiii amgeekarikkukayum abhinandikkukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, chila vyakthikalum sthaapanangalum avarude sthaanangal mattu vishwaasa samvidaanangaleyo moolyangaleyo kooduthal krithyamaayi adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane avarude sthaanangale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi manahshaasthra gaveshanathinte kandethalukal thettayi vyaakhyaanikkunnuvennu sii. pii. eiii aashankappedunnu."ell. jii. bii. tii rakshaakarthruthvathe ethirkkunnavar swavarga dambathikal yogyarallaatha maathaapithaakkalaanennathinu thelivaayi avakaashappedunna padanangal yadhaarthathil swavarga rakshaakarthruthvathe abhisambodhana cheiyunnillennum athinaal lingabhedathinteyo maathaapithaakkalude laingika aabhimukhyathinteyo falangalekkurichu oru nigamanathilum ethaan anuvadikkillennum niravadhi professional samghadanakal abhipraayappettittund. pakaram, bhinnalingakkaaraaya maathaapithaakkale maathram sample cheytha eee padanangal, kuttikale onninu pakaram rund maathaapithaakkal valarthunnathaanu nallathennum koodaathe/allengil maathaapithaakkalude vivaahamochanamo maranamo kuttikale prathikoolamaayi baadikkunnuvennum kandethi. perry vii. swavargavivaahathe ethirkkunnavar oru kutty athinte jeevashasthraparamaaya amayum pithavum valarthunnathaanu ettavum nallathennu avarude nilapaadine pinthunaykkunna randaanachanekkurichulla labhyamaya padanangal "maathaapithaakkalum kuttiyum thammilulla janithaka bandhathe oru variable" verthirikkunnillennum "vivaahitar valarthiya, jeevashasthraparamaaya maathaapithaakkal valarthiya kuttikale eaka maathaapithaakkal, avivahita ammamar, randaanachanmaarude kudumbangal, sahavarthithvamulla maathaapithaakkal ennivar valarthiya kuttikalumaayi" thaarathamyam cheiyunnuvennum braun, ithil jadji voonn wacker kandethi, athinaal "vividha kudumba gadanakale thaarathamyam cheyyuka, jeevashaasthrathinu oonnal nalkaruth."datheduttha kuttikalum beejamo muttayo nalkunnavaro upayogichu garbham dharicha kuttikalum avarude jaivika maathaapithaakkal valarthiya kuttikaleppole nannayi krameekarikkappedaan saadhyathayundennu kaanikkunna padanangalum" perry udharichu."
gregory emm. anubhavaparamaya gaveshanathinu adisthaana moolyangalekkurichulla tharkkangal pariharikkan kazhiyilla, pakshe vasthuthayude chodyangal abhisambodhana cheiyunnathil ithu valare mikachathaanu" ennu 2006 ll herek abhiprayappettu. eee pradhana vijnjaana srothass oru tharkkamaayi thallikkalanjaal nayaparamaaya samvaadangal daridramaakum, addeham paranju."
mattu vashangal.
vivaham.
swavarga vivaahathe niyamaprakaaram amgeekarikkunnathinekkur charchakalil swavarga rakshaakarthruthvam palappozhum oru vishayamaayi uyarnnuvarunnu.
trans rakshaakarthruthvam.
trans maathaapithaakkalilekku nayikkunna garbhadhaaranathiloodeyum rakshaakarthru vibhavangaliloodeyum drishyaparathayo pothu pinthunayo kuravaanu.
sisjender, koodaathe/allengil bhinnalinga maathaapithaakkal polulla transgender maathaapithaakkalkk, jaiva garbham, datthedukkal, vaadaka garbhadharanam, biomedical edapedalukal thudangi niravadhi vazhikalil kuttikal undakam. trans maathaapithaakkal palappozhum trans allatha maathaapithaakkalekkaal vyathyasthamaaya thadassangal abhimukeekarikkunnu, avayil bhooribhaagavum maathaapithaakkal enganeyaayirikkumennathuku saamoohika pratheekshakalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
athesamayam "swavarggaanuraagikalum lesbian maathaapithaakkalum orikkal rakshaakarthruthva padavi nedunnu [...] ithu trans maathaapithaakkalude kaaryamalla, sussain dally (1983), maartha booid (2007) ennee kesukalil kaanunnathupole, rund trans sthreekalkkum avarude maathaapithaakkalude avakaashangalundaayirunnu, biological kuttikalumaayi bandhappett, linga aidantitti desorder, avarude trans staattas ennivayude roganirnayathinte adisthaanathil avasaanippichu. thangalude emm. tii. eph parivartthanatthiloode "pithakkanmaar" enna nilayilulla thangalude punk avar upekshichathayi karuthappedukayum avarude kuttikalude shemathinu munbu swantham laingika/swathwa aavasyangal vaykkunnathil svaarthamaayi pravarthichathaayi karuthappedukayum cheythu. trans maathaapithaakkalude niyamaparamaaya kasttadi poraattangalil ulppedunna niravadhi kesukalaanithu.ezz. ammamar" allengil "pithakkanmaar" ennathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, valareyadhikam lingabhedam ullathum maathaapithaakkalude perumaattathekkurichu karsanamaaya saamoohika daaranayullathumaaya rolukal, "maathaapithaakkal" enna nilayil prathikalude anuyojyatha kodathikal poornnamaayum avaganichu. maathaapithaakkalaakaanum avarude kuttikalude ammamaaraayo achanmaaraayo niyamaparamaayi amgeekarikkappedaanum aagrahikkunna transgender vyakthikalude kaaryatthil, jaiva vivechanam kaaranam kodathikal atharam rolukal niyamaparamaayi amgeekarikkaan visammathikkunnu. x, y, z enniva ithinu oru udaaharanamaanu. yuu.k cases, x, y-maayi sthiramaaya bandhathilundaayirunna oru trans purushan, x ellaayppozhum undaayirunna krithrima beejasankalanathiloode z-nuu janmam nalkia oru jaiva vanitha, avarude janana certificattil z-nte pithavaayi pattikappeduthaanulla avakasham nishedikkappettu, kaaranam avar nerittu y-neey beejasankalanam cheythilla.
aduthide, canada kasttadi krameekaranangaludeyum maathaapithaakkalude padaviyude niyamaparamaaya amgeekaarathinteyum kaaryatthil trans rakshaakarthru avakashangal amgeekarikkaan thudangi. 2001ll, oru transgender sthreek avalude muun pankaali avalude parivartthanatthinte adisthaanathil eaka kastadikkaayi phayal cheythathinetthudarnnu makalude kasttadi nilanirthaan anumathi nalki. kooduthal thelivukalillaathe, apekshakante transexuality saahacharyangalile oru bhauthika mattamaayi kanakkakkilla, kasttadi nirnnayathil ithu oru negatteevu gadakamaayi kanakkakkilla" ennu kodathikal vidhichu, kudumba niyamathile oru naazhikakkallaya cases adayaalappeduthunnu, athil "oru vyakthiyude transexuality oru nalla maathaapithaakkalaakanulla kazhivil oru gadakamenna nilayil aprasakthamaan". koodaathe, kaanadayile torrentoyil ninnulla oru transgender manushyane ontaariyo pravishyayude live janana roopathil [kuttiyude] pithavaayi thirichariyaan anuvadichu, ithu maathaapithaakkalude rolukalumaayi bandhappett janithakashaasthrathinteyum bio-sexinteyum vibhajanam adayaalappeduthunnu.
trans maathaapithaakkalkkulla sammarddangal.
transgender kudumbangalkk savisheshamaaya saamoohika sammarddam anubhavikkan kazhiyum. thalphalamaayi, transgender maathaapithaakkalkk avarude lingamaattavumaayi bandhapetta sammarddangalo thadassangalo anubhavappedaam, ithu avarude mothatthilulla kudumba chalanaathmakathaye baadikkukayum transgender aalukalude phalangale swaadheenikkukayum cheyyum. pala transgender vyakthikalum avarude cheruppam muthal thanne, prasavikkanulla shareeravum lingaparamaaya dysphoria kaaranam kuttikalundakaan aagrahikkukayo garbhiniyaakukayo cheiyunnillennu udharikkunnu. ithu maathaapithaakkallaatha sandarbhathil polum transgender vyakthikalkkulla oru valia prashnavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, kaaranam samooham lingabhedathe engane veekshikkunnu ennathil bhooribhaagavum transgender vyakthikalkk idam nalkunnilla. koodaathe, 2014 muthal nadatthiya oru padanatthil sammarddangale neridunnathinu prathyekichu kudumbatthil ninnulla pinthuna oru pradhana gadakamaanennu kandethi. pankedutthavaril 43 sathamaanam perum thangalude lingamaattavumaayi bandhapetta sammarddathe neridaan sahaayikkunnathin pinthunayaayi kuttikale aashrayikkunnuvenn velippeduthi, athesamayam 29 sathamaanam perr thangalude pankaaliye ettavum pradhanappetta pinthunakkaaranaayi visheshippichu. kudumbangalude sammarddangal, vibhavangalilekkulla praveshanam, trans rakshaakarthru daaranakal enniva kudumbatthinte pravartthanatthe engane swaadheenikkunnuvennu 2016 leeii oru patanam parishodhichu. kudumbatthinte pravartthanam ennathu sammarddam kaikaaryam cheyyaanulla avarude kazhivineyum, athaakatte, prathisandhi saahacharyangalil ninnu vittunilkkanulla avarude kazhivineyum soochippikkunnu. transgender aidantittikale chuttipattiyulla kalankam, lingamaattathethudarnnu avarude kudumbangalil avarude punk allengil sveekaaryathayude nilayekkurichulla anishchithathvam, yojip enniva kudumba pravartthanatthil ettavum aazhathilulla swaadheenam cheluthiyathaayi padanatthinte kandethalukal soochippikkunnu. oraalude paristhithiye "manassilakkaavunnathum kaikaaryam cheyyaavunnathum ardhavathaayathumaaya" aayi kaanunnathine coherance sense soochippikkunnu."kalankam anubhavikkunnathum avarude kudumbatthinullil avarude sweekaaryathayekkurichulla anishchithathvavum kudumba pravartthanatthil samthrupthi kuraykkaan kaaranamaakumenn kandethi. kalankathinte prathikoola phalangal sakthamaaya oru yojippiloode nikathaamennum athesamayam kudumbatthinte pravartthanatthile samthrupthi sakthamaaya oru yojippiloode shakthippeduthaamennum patanam kandethi.
supporting famili, datthedukkal staaf, health cair professionalukal ennivayil ninnu trans rakshaakarthruthvathekkurathu kalankam kurayumbol, trans aalukalkk samthrupthiyum nalla kudumba pravartthanavum kooduthal eluppathil kandethaan kazhiyum.
athum kaanuka.
saamoohikam
vaidyashaasthram
prasidheekaranangal
gaveshanam

