
manikkoor oof jeane dii bosicot

"1405num 1408num idayil srishtichathaanu 'jeane dii bosikottinte manikorukal' ennu vishwasikkappedunnu. athil manikkoorukalude paarees aaraadhanaakramam adangiyirikkunnu. saadhaarana paarees shailiyilulla prakaashatthinte savisheshathakal undengilum, kayyezhuthuprathiyile chila chithreekaranangal thikachum noothanamaanu. orupakshe vidyaarthikalude sahaayathode boosikote maasttarude 44 miniyecharukal adangiyirikkunna eee kaiyezhuthuprathi ippol paareesile musey jackmart-andreyil undu. 2. bousikote maasttar aakasha veekshanathe poornnamaakkunna pareekshanangal nadathukayum thante kruthikal charitraparamaayi baibil ramgangal chithreekarikkunnathinte maathruka sthaapikkukayum cheythu. fraansile marshalaayirunna jeane dii bosicot dainamdina bhakthiyude upakaranamaayi eee pusthakam nirmmichu. prakashikkunna pejukal marshell jeane dii bosikottinte jeevithathile sambhavangalumayi poruthappedunnu, koodaathe addeham thirichariyunna baibil vyakthithvangale ulppeduthunnu.
rakshaadhikaari.
1366ll janicha jeane dii bosicot fraansile oru marshalaayirunnu. 1391ll chaals araman rajaavu addehathe marshell ennu namakaranam cheyyukayum 1393ll aantoynett dii turiene vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. nevezhs prabhuvinte neethrthwathil tarkkukalkkethiraaya kurishuyudhathil bokkikkoutt pidikkapettu. nevezhs prabhuvu turkish sainyathinte nethaavaaya bayaasidumaayi busikottinte mochanam charcha cheythu. mochithanaaya sesham addehathe mekhalayile janangal genovayude govarnoraayi niyamikkukayum ezhu varsham sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu. genovayude govarnor enna nilayil asaadhaaranamaaya mozhi nalkia sesham addeham peedmondilekku palayanam cheythu. 1415-leeii ajinkort yudhathil paraajayappettathin sesham geyne, languedoc ennivayude govarnor enna nilayil addehathe engleeshukaar veendum thadavilaakki.
kalaakaaran.
jeane dii bosikottinte manikkoorukalude pusthakatthinte rakshaadhikaariyude perilaanu bosicot maasttar ariyappedunnathu."addehathinte yadhaartha vyakthithvam anjjaathamaanu, ennaal kalacharithrakaaranmaar addeham thante shailiyil varacha kalakaaranmaarude oru shilpashaalayude thalavanaanennu sthaapichu. niravadhi kalaakaaranmaareppole addeham prachodanam ulkkollukayum swantham savisheshamaaya vyakthigatha kalaasrishti vikasippikkunnathin mattu gurukkanmaaril ninnu udaaharanagal sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
eee manikkoor pusthakatthile thante vaidagdhyathinu saakshyam vahichathupole bousikaattu maasttar mikkavarum aakaashaveekshanam kandethi. maasttar boosikotinu thilakkamulla nirangalilum staatik roopangalil aavishkaaravum ardhavum srishtikkunnathil avayude pankilum thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, oru prathyeka maanasikaavasthaye soochippikkaan addeham thilakkamulla nirangal upayogichu. svanthamaayi swatantra praadhaanyamullathaayi thonnunna grooppucheytha roopangal srishtikkunnathil kalaakaaran shradha kendreekarikkunnu. vyakthiye groupil ninnu maattippaarppikkamennum ippozhum sandarbhamundennum thonnunna vidhathil addeham roopangal varaykkunnu. thante rachanayiloode maasttar bosicot baibil ramgangale bhoumika sambhavangalayi chithreekarikkuka enna ashayam avatharippikkunnu. eejipthilekk parakkunnu", "penthecost" ennee ramgangalil, oru idayan thante attin koottathodoppam akale ninnu munvashathe rangam yadhaartha lokathinte pashchaathalatthil sthaapikkunnu. ithu soochippikkunnathu munvashathe sambhavam poornnamaayum oru aakasha nimishatthekkaal "yaadhaarthyathilaanu" ennaanu.
maasttar bosicot aazham chithreekarikkaan thilakkamulla nirangalum "daivathinu munbulla david" prakaashatthil kaanunnathupole pratheekshichathilum kooduthal prathichaayayum upayogichu. aadarshavaadathinu pakaram "yaadhaarthyabodhamulla" roopangal chithreekarikkunnathinulla oru puthiya maarggathinu maasttar bosicot thudakkamittu. thante chithreekaranangalil kaazhchappaadukal srishtikkaan addeham varacha templettukal oru gadanayaayi upayogichu. aazhathilulla thalangal adukkaan addeham muzhuvan pejum upayogichu. ithinte oru udaaharanamaanu emm "kaantarbariyile sent thomasinte artitdam". nirakalulla oru praveshana maarggavum chithreekaricha framinte arikukalkk sameepam oru kamaanavum ithil ulppedunnu. ithu ramgathe pejinte backie bhaagangalil ninnu verthirikkunnu. swarnna rekheeya chattakkoodinum kattiyulla suedo-acanthus leaf borderinum edayilulla shoonyamaaya idathilekku eee prabhavam cherkkunnath trimana rangavum dvimaana pejum thammilulla vichedanam oonnipparayunnu.
maasttar boosikote addehathinte samghavum rakshaadhikaari (marshell boosikote) abhyarthicha ramgangal ulppeduthi. sent. engleeshinodulla maarshalinte veruppu vyakthamaakkunnathinaayi thomasine pusthakatthil chertthu. marshalinu avarumaayi oru bandham thonniyathinaal vishudharaaya maasttar bosicot ulppeduthaan thiranjedutthu. thadavukaarude rakshaadhikaariyaayirunna vishudha leonardinepolulla vishudhar munbu rund thavana thadavukaaranaayirunna marshalinode abhyarthichu. sent. maikkal raakshasane adichappol kristheeya vishwaasam samrakshikkunnathinaayi thinmaykkethire kurishuyuddham nadathiyathinaal maikkal marshalinode abhyarthichu. sent. marshell oru ashupatri nirmmicha oru pattanatthinte rakshaadhikaariyaayirunnu catherine.
velicham.
prakashamulla kruthikalude rachanayil kalaakaaran vishwal banding upayogikkunnu. analog tekstumaayi poruthappedunna thirashcheena varikal prakasha pejil varaykkukayum eee varikal thithreekaranatthinte ghadanaye swaadheenikkukayum cheythu. oru udaaharanam fooliyoo 46vii yill simhaasanasthanaaya kanyakayum kuttiyum aannu rajisttarukal eiii-dii tekst pejile vivaranavumayi poruthappedum. eee manikkoor pusthakatthinte rakshaadhikaari aantoynett dii turennumaayulla thante vivaahathinte prakasham polulla chila chithreekaranangal ulppeduthaan abhyarthichu.pala foliyokalilum chirakukal parathunna kazhukante chihnavum addeham undaayirunnu. ithu asaadhaaranamaayirunnu, kaaranam jeane dii bosikottinte steshanile aalukal avarude chinnangal palappozhum pradarshippikkunnilla, prathyekichu ahankaarathinupakaram chinthathmakamaaya manikkoor pusthakatthil. ningalkk aavasyamullathu" ennu engleeshil vivarthanam cheiyunna "seey kyu vaus voudress" ennathaayirunnu jeane dii bosikottinte mudraavaakyam. marshell bosicot eee mudraavaakyam pala prakashangalum dharippichirunnu, ennirunnaalum bosicot (aymar dii poyattiyezhs) manikkoorukalkk sheshamulla pusthakatthinte ettavum puthiya udama eee mudraavaakyam bosikottinte chinnathodoppam black outtu cheythu. maajikalude aaradhana"
ettavum praayam kuranja magus aaa ramgathile aaa roopathinu savisheshamaaya karuthathum swarnna collar dharichirikkunnu. aaradhana" rangam santhoshakaramaayirikkanamaayinu ennathinaal ithu ramgathinu asaadhaaranamaayirunnu, ennaal ettavum praayam kuranja maagukal vilapa vasthrangal dharichirunnu. 1407ll vadikkappetta thante suhruthu luis dii oorliyansine prathinidheekarikkunna ettavum praayam kuranja maagasinte roopam marshell bosicot aagrahichu. vadikkappetta luis dii oorliyansinte somber praathinidhyam sthaapikkunnathu "bosicot manikorukal" eppol avasaanichuvennu soochippikkunnu.
scroll-varkkile saamyam theliyikkunnathupole prakaashangalude athirthikalellaam ore samayam srishtikkappettathaayi thonnunnu. oro prakaashathodeyum borderinte roopakalppanayil bousikote maasttar cheruthaayi maattam varuthiyenkilum shailiyil valia vyathiyanamilla. boardermaarude suedo-arcanthus ilayude pravarthanangalellaam samaanamaan. ramgathinte rund swarnna rooparekhakalkidayilulla idam veethiyil vyathyaasappettirikkunnum rangavum pejum akalam paalikkunnathinte phalam ippozhum kaivarikkappedunnu.