
cruiser niyamangal

oru sayudha kappal oru vyaaparakkappal aakramikkunnath sambandhicha kanvenshanukale paraamarsikkunna oru samsara padamaanu cruiser niyamangal. ivide "cruiser" enna vaakkinte yadhaartha ardham vaanijya raiding polulla oru swatantra dauthyathinaayi ayacha kappalaan. aadhunika naavika padaavaliyil oru cruiser ennathu athinte douthyathekkaal oru tharam kappaline soochippikkunnu. niraayudhamaaya oru kappalil vediyuthirkkaan anuvadikkumbozhum pidicheduttha kappalukalile jeevanakkaare chikilsikkunnathum cruiser niyamangal niyanthrikkunnu. rund lokamahaayudhangalilum antharvaahinikal cruiser niyamangalkk vidheyamaano enna chodyam uyarnnirunnu. thudakkathil antharvaahinikal avare anusarikkaan shramichuvenkilum yuddham purogamikkumbol avaa upekshichu.
rooparekha.
niraayudhamaaya oru kappal munnariyippillathe akramikkaan paadilla ennathaanu cruiser niyamangalude saaramsham. nirthaan utharavidumbol aavarthichu nirthunnathil paraajayappedukayo aakramana kappalil kayarunnath prathirodhikkukayo cheythaal maathrame athu vedivaykkaan kazhiyoo. oru vyaapaariye thadayumbol aayudhadhaariyaaya kappal nirodhitha vasthukkal (yuddha saamagrikal polullava) tirayan maathrame uddeshichekkaam. anganeyaanengil, eathenkilum nirodhitha vasthukkal neekkam cheytha sesham, yudhathil earppedaatha oraalude pathaaka parathukayaanenkil kappal vazhiyil anuvadichekkaam. ennirunnaalum, pidicheduttha kappal yudhapuraskaaramaayi edukkaano nasippikkaano uddeshichittundengil, jeevanakkaarude suraksha urappakkaan mathiyaya nadapadikal sweekarikkanam. saadhaaranayaayi kappalile jeevanakkaare surakshithamaaya oru thuramukhathekku kondupookuka ennaanu ithinartham. jeevanakkaare life bottukalil upekshikkunnathu saadhaaranayaayi sveekaaryamalla. avar svayam surakshithathvathilethum pratheekshikkukayum mathiyaya vitharanangalum naavigeshan upakaranangalum undengil maathrame ithu cheyyaan kazhiyoo.
charithram.
pathinezhaam noottaandil svakaaryakkaarkku maarkk kathukal nalkunnathu athinte unnathiyilaayirikkumbo cruiser niyamangal vikasichathu. aupachaarikamaaya anthaaraashtra karaarukalekkaal manyamaaya reethiyil perumaarunnathinekkurichu oru dhaaranayaayirunnu avaa. crimean yudhathinte avasaanathil grettu brittan france thammilulla oru aupachaarika karar 1856-ll samudra niyamathe maanikkunna paarees prakhyaapanatthil anthaaraashtrathalathil vipuleekarichu. america spain ozhikeyulla ellah samudra raajyangalum ithu oppittu.
1909ll naavikayudha niyamangalekkurichulla lunden prakhyaapanatthil oru puthiya anthaaraashtra karaaril ethi. eee udambadiyil pankedutthavar pradhana europian sakthikal, america, jappan saamrajyam ennivayaayirunnu. eee udambadiyude 50-aamm anuchedam onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathe "cruiser niyamangal" ennathukondu ardhamaakkunnathu. thudakkathil udambadi manikkappettu. 1914 octoberil jarmman antarvaahini mukkiya aadyathe britiish vyaaparakkappal ss "glitra" aayirunnu. sm "yuu-17" enna antarvaahini "glitra" kroovine aadyam life bottukalil kayaran anuvadikkukayum kappal mungiya sesham avare theerathekku valichidukayum cheythu. eee reethiyil cruiser niyamangal paalikkunnath antharvaahinikalkku prathyekichum prashnakaramaayirunnu. pidikoodiya jeevanakkaare vimaanathil kondupokaan avarkk sthalamillaayirunnu, koodaathe life bottukal valikkunnath antarvaahini mungimaranathil ninnu thadanju. ithu antarvaahiniye ganyamaaya apakadatthilekku nayichu.
britiish antarvaahini virudha kyu-kappalukal jarmman antharvaahinikal kooduthal apakadathilaayi. iva vyaapaarakkappalukal poleyaanengilum maranjirikkunna aayudhangalaal kanatha aayudhadhaarikalaayirunnu. oru antarvaahiniye uparithalathilekku pralobhippikkukayum kyu-kappaline neridukayum thudarnnu thokkukal velippeduthukayum vediyuthirkkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu ashayam. jarmman kazhchappadil, ellah britiish kappalukalum apakadasaadhyathayullavayaanennum avaa cruiser niyamangalil ninnu akannupokaan thudangiyennum ithinartham. 1915-nte thudakkathil jarmmani britiish uparodhathin prathikaaramaayi britiish dveepukalkku chuttum oru yudhamekhala prakhyaapichu. inii muthal, prakhyaapicha mekhalaykkullile ellah nishpaksha shipping munnariyippillathe akramikkaan saadhyathayund. ithu yaathrakkappalukk nereyulla kuprasidhamaaya aakramanangalude oru parambarayilekku nayichu, athil chilath amerikkakkaaradakkam saadhaaranakkaarude jeevan nashtappettu. 1915 meyy maasathil rms "lucitania", 1915 augustil ss "arabic", 1916 maarchil ss "sussex" enniva ithil ulppedunnu. american maranangal american aikyanaadukale yudhathilekku nayikkumennu bhayann, eee oro sambavathinum sesham jarmmani life bottukal vikshepichathaayi saakshyam vahikkunnathuvare vyapara kappalukal mukkillenn oru puthiya prathinjja cheythu. eee prathinjakal orikkalum deerghakaalam paalikkappedaathe, oduvil 1917 februvariyil jarmmani aniyanthrithamaaya antarvaahini yuddham prakhyaapichu. eee thanthram thangalkk yudhathil vijayikkumennu jarmmani vishwasichu, ennaal vaasthavathil ithu americaye bhaagikamaayi sakhyakakshikalude pakshathu yudhathil praveshippichukondu avarude paraajayathinu kaaranamaayi.
randaam lokamahaayudhathil jarmman antharvaahinikal cruiser niyamangalkk keezhil pooraadillennu onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte anubhavam yukeyod parayanamaayirunnu, ennaal vaasthavathil britiish pothujanabhipraayam vishwasichathu aniyanthrithamaaya yuddham kaaranam jarmmani yudhathil parajayappettuvennum athinaal, 1930 kalile kadutha bajatt parimithikalil admiraltti munganana nalkiyillennum (1939 maarchil paarlament amgangal antarvaahini virudha thokkukale "antarvaahini bheeshani" ykku parihaaramaayi charcha cheiyukayaayirunnu). ennirunnaalum, 1939 septambaril jarmman antarvaahini "yuu-30" britiish passenture liner ss "athenia" mukki, ithu oru sainika kappalaanennu thettidharichu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu samanamaaya adisthaanathil aniyanthrithamaaya antarvaahini yudhathinu admiral donits sammarddam chelutthi. 1940leeii brittan yudhathinushesham brittane vijayakaramaayi akramikkaan kazhiyillennu vyakthamaakunnathuvare donitsinu vibhavangal illaayirunnu. ithinushesham atlaantik yudhathil britiish vyapara kappalukalkk nereyulla antarvaahini akramanangal praabalyatthil vannu. eee akramanangal munnariyippillathe nadannavayaayirunnu, jeevanakkaare rakshikkaan oru shramavum undaayilla.