
maikkal panarettos

maikkal panarettos () (c. 1320-sii. 1390) trapasuntine saamraajyathile oru udyogasthanum greak charithrakaaranumaayirunnu. alexios aii comnenosinteyum addehathinte pingaamikaludeyum trapasontine saamraajyathinte oru charitramaanu addehathinte avasheshikkunna eaka kruthi. eee charithrarekha eee madhyakala saamraajyathin oru kaalakrama chattakkood nalkuka mathramalla, baisaantain veekshanakonil ninnu automan tarkkukalude aadyakaala charithrathekkurichulla valare moolyavathaaya vasthukkalum ithil adangiyirikkunnu, ennirunnaalum pathonpathaam noottaandil jacob philipp falmerare ithu venesile biblioteca marsianayude kayyezhuthuprathikalil kandethunnathuvare ithu mikkavarum anjjaathamaayirunnu. "eee durghadavum ennaal sathyasandhavumaya charithrarekha kaaranam", russian baisantist alexander alexandrovich vasiliyevu ezhuthunnu, "trebisontinte charithratthile ettavum pradhanappetta sambhavangalude kaalakramam oru paridhivare punasthaapikkaan kazhinju. eee "chronicle" 1204 muthal 1426 vareyulla kaalaghattatthe ulkkollunnu, munbu ariyappedaatha chakravartthimaarude niravadhi perukal nalkunnu."
jeevitam.
panarettosinekkurichu ariyappedunnathellaam addeham thante charithratthil nammodu parayunnath valare kuravaanu. alexios III komnenosinte sevanathil addeham oru "protosebastos", "protonotarios" ennivayaayirunnu. 1351-leeii oru entriyil paneretos aadyamaayi prathyakshappedunnathu, trebisondile airin chakravarty alexios moonnaamante ammayodoppam vimatha konstaantain doraniteukalkkethire limniayilekku poyathaayi rekhappeduthunnu. eee samayat panattosinte krithyamaaya sthaanam enthaayirunnuvennu urappilla, pakshe trepasuntine aabhyantharayudham avasanikkunnathuvare addehathinte adutha roopam varunnilla, addeham chakravarty alexios moonnaamanodoppam cheriyaanaykkethiraaya vinashakaramaaya aakramanathil pooyi ennu rekhappeduthumbol, athil ninnu addeham svayam rakshapettu. athinusesham, charithratthile sambhavangal rekhappeduthumbol aadya vyakthi bahuvachanam upayogichukondu addeham svayam soochippikkunnu. ennaal 1363 epril vareyulla thante entry vare addeham svayam peru paraamarsikkunnilla alexiosinte penmakkalil oralum chakravarthiyaaya joonn vii paaliyolosinte puthranmaaril oralum thammilulla vivaahathekkurich charcha cheyyaan konstantinoppilikka ayacha "megas logothettukal", jorjju scholaris enniva ulppedunna oru embassy bhaagamaayirunnu addeham. chakravarthikku purame, eee embassy chakravarty-sanyasi joonn vii canthacusenos, veneeshyan "podesta", genois galaattayude kyapttan leonardo montaldo ennivarumaayum aaa kramatthil koodikkaazhcha nadatthi.
addehathinu kuranjathu rund aanmakkalundaayirunnuve namukkariyam, avar randuperum 1368-ll penarattos konstantinoppilil akappettirikkumbol marichu pathinanjaam vayassil mungimaricha konsttanteyn, pathinezhaam vayassil rogam baadhichu maricha romanos. thante charithratthil addeham vivarikkunna oreyoru vyakthiparamaaya sambhavangal ivayaayathinaal avarude maranangal panarettosine valareyadhikam baadhichu.
charithram.
1204-ll athinte adithara muthal trebisond saamraajyathinte charithram ulkkollunna irupathu achadicha pejukalude valare hrasvamaaya kruthiyaanu addehathinte "chronicle". athinte nilanilkkunna roopathil, 1395 muthal 1426 (allengil 1429) vareyulla avasaanathil kuranjathu anchu entrikalenkilum undu, avaa onno athiladhikamo thudarchakalkku vidagdhar kaaranamaakunnu; avasana entriye verthirikkunna ekadesham 10 varikalude vidavu (athil "athe varshathe theeyathi" undu) koppist "oru maaychukalayal abhimukeekarikkukayo allengil addehathinte kodathi vaayanakkar adichamarthaan aagrahikkunna oru bhagam ozhivakkaan nirbandhithanaayirikkukayo cheythu" ennathinte thelivaayirikkam, ennaal aanthani bryer choondikkaattunnu, ezhuthukaari "vastutha marachuvekkaan oru shramavum nadatthiyilla"."alexios naalaaman megas comnenos chakravartthiyude kolapaathakatthe paraamarsikkunna rund entrikalenkilum eee vidavil adangiyirikkunnuvennu bryer thanne nirddeshichu.
panarettos thante srishtiyekkurichulla vivarangal evideyaanu kandethiyathenn ariyilla; thante kruthiyude mukhyabhaagathu addeham thante uravidangalekkurichu paraamarsikkunnilla. charithratthinte pakuthiyolam addehathinte praayapoorthiyaaya jeevithakaalathe 1349num 1390num edayilulla varshangalilekkaanu samarppichirikkunnath. pazhaya samakalikarumaayulla abhimukhangalkku addehathinte jeevithathinu munbulla thalamuraykk metteeriyal nalkaan kazhiyum. besaariyoninte "encomium oonn trebisond" enna kruthiyile oru bhagam, saamraajyathva kottaaratthil oru chumarchithramulla haal undaayirunnuvennu soochippikkunnu, athil avarude bharanathekkurichulla hraswa vivaranangalumayi kaalakramatthil grand komnoyiyude chhaayaachithrangal pradharshippichirikkunnu. "likhithangalulla eee rajavamsha gallery addehathinte hrasvamaaya pree-kronikkilinte pashchaathalamaayi panarettosine eluppathil sevichirikkam. athu pakartthendathu maathramaan addehathinu vendiyirunnathu."alexios III vareyulla bharanaadhikaarikalekkurichu kaalaganana vivarangal paneretos rund roopangalil nalkunnu-bharanadhikaari thante bharanam aarambikkukayum avasanippikkukayum cheytha theeyathikalum bharanathinte dairkhyavum-avaa ellaayppozhum poruthappedunnilla, ithu soochippikkunnu addeham eee daattaykkaayi kuranjathu rund rekhaamoolamulla srothassukalenkilum varachu.
greak charithrakaaranmaarude paarambaryatthil ninnu paneretos vyathyasthamaan, oru pandithanaaya, attik greekkilalla, marichu addehathinte kaalathe trebisandil saadhaaranayaayi upayogichirunna pontic greekkilaan. charithrathiludaneelam, panarettos thante naattukaare orikkalum baisaandiyatthile aacharam pole greekkukaaraayi paraamarsikkunnilla, marichu "romayoi" allengil kristhyaanikal ennaanu paraamarshikkunnath. 1426ll eee charithram avasaanikkunnundenkil, avasaanathe naalu entrikal oru anjjaatha sambhaavanakkaaranaanu ezhuthiyathu ennathaanu pandithochithamaaya samavayam. 
eee kruthiyude eaka pakarpp marsianus greekas 608/kooll enna kruthiyude bhagamaanu. eee kayyezhuthuprathiyil adangiyirikkunna aarr kruthikalil onnu, ". eee kaiyezhuthuprathi ulppedunna ellah kruthikalum ore koottam ezhuthukaar ezhuthiyathaanu; eee kayyezhuthuprathiyude pepparil 1440 num 1450 num idayil nirmmichathaanennu soochippikkunna watermarkkukal undu, ithu peettar shrainare eee kayyezhuthuprathiye aaa dashakathilekku athichu. eee kaiyezhuthuprathi bezarionile swakaarya libraryil ninnu biblioteca maarshyaanayilekk vannathayi karuthiyittundengilum, 15-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathil (besaariyoninte jeevithakaalathu) johannes saachaariyaasinte udamasthathayilaayirunnuvenna shrainarude anweshanam kaanikkunnu; pathinettaam noottaandile oru ghattathil eee kaiyezhuthuprathi giambattisti rikkaantiyude kaivashamaayi, addeham thante swakaarya library 1734 november 12 nuu bibliotecaic nalkum. paanarattosinte "chronicle" falmerare kandethiyenkilum, "edittiyo prinsps" 1832-ll thante sahapravarthakanaaya gottleab taffelinte kruthiyaayirunnu, addeham thante yoostattiyas oof thessalonica pathippinte anubandhathil greak paatam prasidheekarichu. 1844-ll jarmman vivarthanavum vyaakhyaanavumulla greak paatatthinte oru pathipp falmerare prasidheekarichu. charithratthinte aadyathe pandithochithavum vimarsanaathmakavumaaya paatam spirindon pii. 1907ll oru greak pandithanaaya lambrose. 1958ll odeeshyas lampsides mattoru pathipp prasidheekarichu. ettavum puthiya pathipp, engleesh vivarthanathodukoodiya, 2019ll scott kennady aayirunnu.

