
maavo sedonginte aadyakaala jeevitam

chainees viplavakaariyum raashtreeyakkaaranumaaya maavo sedonginte aadyakaala jeevitam 1893 muthal 1919 vareyulla thante jeevithathinte aadya 27 varshangalaayirunnu. hunan pravishyayile shavoshan shaavoshaanshongil janicha maavo valarnnathu sambannanaaya karshakan bhoovudamayumaaya maavo yichaanginte makanaayaan. praadeshika shavoshan primery schoolilekku ayacha maavo, kanfyooshyanisathinte anthareekshathilaanu valarnnathenkilum cheruppam muthal thanne ithinethire prathikarichukondu aadhunika saahithyathil ninnu rashtreeya ashayangal vikasippichu. 13-aamm vayassil pithaav mattoru bhoovudama kudumbatthinte makalaaya luvo yiguvumaayi addehathinu oru vivaham samghadippichu, ennaal maavo vivaahathe apalapikkukayum veettil ninnu maarukayum cheythu.
1911-ll maavo hunan thalasthaanamaaya chaangshayil kooduthal vidyaabhyaasam aarambikkukayum avide republicanisathinte swaadheenathil varikayum republican viplavakariyaaya sann yaatt-senninte aaraadhakaraayi maarukayum cheythu. republicanmaarum rajavaazhchakkaarum thammil sinhay viplavam pottippurappettappol, tharkkam kurayukayum aarumaasathinusesham addeham sainyam vidukayum cheythenkilum maavo oru sainikanaayi saine upp cheythu. svayam oru budhijeeviyaayi kaanumbol, classical liberalism addehathe valareyadhikam swaadheenikkukayum aadyathe saadhaarana chaangsha schoolil padikkaanum thante aadya prasidheekaranangal ezhuthaanum thudangukayum cheythu. 1919ll birudam nedunnathinu munbu vidyaarthikalkkidayil viplava ashayangal charcha cheiyunnathinum nilanirthunnathinumaayi 1918 eprilil addeham siavo sishengumaayi chernnu peeppil stadi sosaittiyude naveekaranathinu sahasthaapakanaayi.
kuttikkalam.
maavoyude jeevacharitrakaaranaaya liie pheegon, "thaarathamyena saadhaaranamaaya oru kuttikkalam" maavo anubhavichathaayi vaadichu. eee kaaranathaalaanu muun jeevacharithrakaaranmaarkk "cheruppam muthal thanne maavoyil adisthaanaparamaayi enthengilum thettu kandethunnathu" budhimuttaayathennum athu upayogichu addehathinte pilkkala vikasanathe "oru viplava svechaadhipathiyaayi" vishadeekarikkaanaakumennu avar pratheekshichirunnuvennum addeham abhiprayappettu.
jananam 1893.
thekkan-madhya chainayude bhagamaaya hunan pravishyayile siyaangtan kaundiyile shahvoshanchong enna graamatthile thante parichithamaaya veettilaanu 1893 desember 26 nuu maavo janichathu. pala hunan gramangalilum saadhaaranamaaya shahvoshanchong parvathangalaal chuttapetta oru idungiya thaazhvarayilaanu sthithicheythirunnathu. pradeshathe budhamathakkaarkku vishudhamaaya bandhangalulla praadeshika bhooprakrithiyile oru pradhana savisheshathayaaya praadeshika shaavoshan parvathatthinte ("sangeetha parvvatham") perilaanu graamathinum ettavum aduthulla pattanamaya shaavoshan ariyappedunnathu. maavo enna kudumbapperulla niravadhi vyakthikal eee graamatthil adhivasichirunnu; mangol bharanathilulla yuwan raajavamshathe attimarikkanulla suu yuvaanshaanginte sainika prachaaranatthinaayi poraadiya pathinalam noottaandinte madhyathil siyaangtan kaundiyilekku marria jiangsi pravisyayil ninnulla yodhaavaaya maavo taihuvayil ninnaan maavo vamsham avarude vamshavali kandethiyathu.
maavoyude pithaav maavo yichang pathinanju vayassullappol maavoyude amma wenn kimeyumaayi vivaahanischayam cheyyappedunnathinu munbu daaridryamulla oru kudumbatthil shaavoshaanchongil janichirunnu. yichanginu rund varshathe school vidyaabhyaasam labhichirunnu, vaayikkanum ezhuthaanum ariyamaayirunnu, neremarichu kimi niraksharanaayirunnu. praadeshika siang sainyathil niravadhi varshakkalam sevanamanushticha yichang thante vethanam laabhikkukayum sainyam vittasesham ithu thante kudumbatthinte kadangal thirichadaykkaanum pithaav vitta bhoomi vaangaanum upayogikkukayum cheythu. sedonginte jananasamayath, yichanginu randara ekkar nellu undaayirunnu, ithu pradeshatthinte maanadandangal anusarichu ganyamaaya thukayayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. mithavyaya jeevithathiloodeyum kadinaadhvaanathiloodeyum, varum varshangalil oru ekkar kooduthal vaangaanum rund karshaka thozhilaallikale niyamikkaanum addehathinu kazhinju, oru pashukkutty dhaanya sambharana kudilum oru pannyum oru cheria millum ulkkollunna thante krishiyidam. kudumbatthinte sambathu vipuleekarichukondu, yichang mattu karshakarude bhoomiyil panayam vaangi, angane avarude bhoovudamayaayi, graamatthile ettavum daridraraaya karshakaril ninnu daanyam vaangukayum siangtan kaundi seettil laabhathin vilkkukayum cheythu. chainayile karshakaril bhooribhaagavum daaridryathil thudarnnukondirunna oru samayat addeham randaayiram muthal moovaayiram vare chainees velli dollar sambaadichu. eee saahacharyathil, maavo jeevacharitrakaaranaaya philipp shortinu maavo kudumbam aaa kaalaghattatthile maanadandangal anusarichu "sukhakaramaayirunnu" ennu vadikkaan kazhiyum. ennaal oru sharashari karshakan maasathil oru thavana maamsam kazhichittundengil, maavoyude kudumbam varshathil oru thavana maathrame maamsam kazhichittulloo ennu mattu charitrakaaranmaar choondikkaanikkunnu.
parambaraagatha chandra adhishtitha chainees kalandar anusarichu, paambinte varshathile pathinonnam maasatthile onpathaam divasamaanu maavo sedonginte jananam. jananathinushesham, shaishavathil maricha rund aanmakkale munbu prasavicha maavoyude amma addehathinte kshemathekkurichu aashankaakulayaayirunnu, koodaathe parvathangalil sanyasiyaayi thaamasichirunna oru budhasanyasini upadeshathinaayi upadesham thedukayum cheythu. kuttikk vendi praarthikkanamennu kanyastree shupaarsha cheythu; angane cheythukondu, kimi budhamathathile bodhisatva gwaninu samarppichirikkunna oru praadeshika kshethrathil saashtaamgam cheythu, bodhisatva sedonginte valarthammayaakanamenn abhyarthichu.
jananathinushesham praadeshika parambaraagatha achaarangal paalikkappedumennu niravadhi jeevacharitrakaaranmaar abhipraayappettittund; eee saahacharyathil, oru kozhi maathaapithaakkalkk sammaanikkappedumaayirunnu, athesamayam janichu moonnu divasam vare maavo kulikkappedumaayirunnil, ithu athidhikalkku kutty kaananulla aadyathe saamskaarikamaayi anuyojyamaaya avasaramayirikkum. kuttiyude pithaav kulikkunna vellathil ulliyum injiyum cherkkumennu pratheekshichirunnu, ithu manassin aarogyatheyum pratheekappeduthunnu, athesamayam poorvvikarude aathmaakkalkk yagangal nalkukayum cheiyunnu. oru daavist bhagyavaan kutty oru jaathakathil nirmmikkaan niyogichu, athu addehathinu jalaghadakathinte abhaavamundennu velippeduthi; athinaal mavoic "sedong" enna vyakthiparamaaya peru nalki, kaaranam hunan aachaaramanusarich "seey" ("abhishekam") enna kathaapaathram eee kuravu sariyaakkunnathaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. ennirunnaalum "seey" enna padatthinu eratta ardhamundaayirunnu; athupole thanne eerppathe paraamarsikkunnathum dayayum prayojanavum soochippikkunnu. kuttiyude perinte ardham "kizhakkinte gunabhoktaavu" ennaayirikkunnathinaayi yichang thante makante perinte avasana bhagamaaya "dong" ("kizhakk") thiranjedutthu.
parambaraagatha aachaaramanusarich, prathyeka aachaaraparamaaya avasarangalil upayogikkaan kuttikk randaamathe anaudyogika perum nalkiyirunnu; ithu "runsey" ("devi oorcard") aayirunnu. nirbhagyavashaal ninnu samrakshikkukayum gwanin nalkunna samrakshanavumaayi bandhappeduthukayum cheiyunna addehathinte amma addehathinu "shisanyasi" ("kallu ennu peritta moonnaamathe kutty") enna moonnaamathe peru nalki, athu addehathinte moonnaamathe kuttiyaanennu prathiphalippichu.
parambaraagatha hunan achaarangal paalichirunnenkil, kunjinte thala naalu aazhchakalkk sesham kshouram cheyyappedumaayirunnu, kireedatthilum kazhuthinte attatthum oru cheria mudi avasheshikkunnu; eee samayathaan kuttikk audyogikamaayi athinte peru nalkendiyirunnathu. paarambaryamanusarichu, sandarshakar orupakshe eee chadanginaayi othukoodukayum panam, panniyirachi, malsyam, pazhangal, alankaricha muttakal enniva sammaanamaayi konduvarikayum cheythirikkaam.
valarnnuvarika 1893-1900.
1878ll nirmmicha kaliman ishtikakalulla oru phaam housilaanu maavo kudumbam thaamasichirunnathu, ennirunnaalum sedonginte kuttikkaalathu yichang athu vipuleekarichu. avar avarude veedinte kizhakkan bhagam kaivashappedutthi, ayalvasiyaaya zoo kudumbavum padinjaaran pakuthiyil thaamasichu. sedonginu svanthamaayi murii anuvadikkaan kazhiyunnathra valuppamulla kettidamaayirunnu athu, akkaalat ithu apoorvvamaayirunnu. veedinu munnil oru kulavum nelkkrishiyum undaayirunnu, athesamayam pine, mulla thottangal kettidatthinu pinnil valarnnu.
mavoic patthu vayassullappol maricha addehathinte pithrupithaavaaya maavo enpu kudumbatthil ulppedunnu. addehathinte pithrupithaavaaya liu, maavoyude jananathinu onpathu varsham munbu 1884-ll marichu. sedonginu rund vayassullappol, amma mattoru makanu janmam nalki, avarude naalaamathe kunjaaya maavo semine, sedonginu pathinonnu vayassullappol mattoru makan maavo setan janichu. avar rund penmakkalkku janmam nalki, iruvarum shaishavathil thanne marichu, ennirunnaalum settaante jananathinu thottupinnaale dambathikal maavoyude pithrusahodaranmaaril oraalude makalaaya sejian enna penkunjine dathedutthu.
akkaalat saadhaaranamaayirunnathupole, ancho aaroo vayassil maavo krishiyidathil sahayikkaan thudangi, kannukaalikaleyum thaaraavukaleyum paripaalikkunnu. maavoyude sheelangal roopappettathu addehathinte kaarshika pashchaathalamaanu; jeevacharitrakaaranaaya stuvartt shram abhipraayappettath ithu "saamoohika krupayude abhaavathinteyum sukhasoukaryangaludeyo roopabhaavathinteyo aashankayudeyum roopamaanu" ennaanu."pilkkala jeevithathil, chaaya upayogichu vaaya kazhukunna seelam nilanirthunnathinupakaram, maavo orikkalum tooth brush upayogikkunnathu sheelamaakkilla. athupole, soppum vellavum upayogichu vrithiyaakkunnathinekkaal aaviyil thuniyupayogichu svayam vrithiyaakkaan addeham eshtappettu, ithu veendum thante valarthal prathifalippikkunnu. koodaathe, cheruppatthile hunanese paachakareeti addehathinu erivulla bhakshanathodulla aajeevanantha sneham nalki.
oru budhamatha pravarthakayaayirunna kimi, budhamatha padippikkalukal pinthudaraan thante puthranmaare prothsaahippichu; eee vishwaasam sweekarichu, sedong palappozhum praadeshika budhakshethra sandarshanangalil avale anugamikkukayum thaan oru sanyasiyaakumenna avalude pratheekshakale swaadheenikkukayum cheythu. neremarichu, yichang valiyathothil mathavirudhanaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum oru kaduvayumaayulla ettumuttaline athijeevicha sesham, daivangalkku nandi kaanichu vazhipaadu nadatthi. maavoyude vivaranam anusarichu, yichang oru kadutha achadakkakkaaranaayirunnu, anusaranakkedinu shikshayaayi thante kuttikale marddikkukayum pithaavine parasyamaayi apamaanikkumbol thanikk oru avasarathil labhicha mardhanathe maavo vivarikkukayum cheythirunnu. thante amma palappozhum thante kuttikale eee mardhanangalilninnu samrakshikkaan sramikkaarundennum addeham koottichertthu.
1930kalil, thante pithaavine kadupamullavanum athrupthanumaayi kaanumbol thanikk veruppu thonnunnuvennu maavo avakaashappettirunnu. addeham ithine thante ammayil ninnu labhicha vaalsalyavumaayi thaarathamyam cheythu, angane kudumbatthe rund vibhagangalaayi vibhajichu oru maarksist bhasha veekshanam sweekarichu oru vashath taanum amayum, maruvashathu pithavum. jeevacharitrakaaranmaar eee pithrubandhathe vyathyastha reethikalil vyaakhyaanichittund; jung changum joonn haliday "maavo thante pithaavine veruthirunnu" ennu prasthaavichappol, neremarichu, maavoyude yichaanginekkurichulla vivaranagalil polum addehathinte vivaranam sookshumamaanennum "ananthamaaya vidvesham mathramalla" ennum shram choondikkaatti. sedong thante pithaavinodulla vidvesham prakadippichathinu pinnil oru amgeekaaramillaatha thirichariyal undaayirunnu; pithaavineppole oru svechaadhipathiyaakaan addeham prerippikkappettu, valare valia thothilaanu."eee vishayathekkurichulla maavoyude vivaranathinte sathyasandhathaye pheegon chodyam cheythu, iruvarum thammilulla mosham bandham" "orupakshe amithamaayi paranjirikkaam" "ennu soochippikkunnu; yichang thante makane saambathikamaayi pinthunaykkaan valia sramangal nadathiyennu eduthukaanikkunna, 1930 kalil yuva chainees budhijeevikalkkidayil pithaavinte virudha trope" "valare janapriyamaayirunnu" "ennum pheegon abhiprayappettu, athinaal maavoyude vivaranam yaadhaarthyathekkaal ithinte prathifalanamaayirikkaam".
shaavoshan primery school <aii. dii. 1>.
chainees samoohathinte prabalamaaya dhaarmika prathyayashaasthramaaya confucianism adisthaana vidyaabhyaasam nedunnathinu mootha makanodu yichang utsukanaayirunnu; pradhana bisinesses, bharanaparamaya kazhivukal vikasippikkaan thante makane anuvadikkunnathinu kanfyooshyan adhyaapanathekkurichulla arivu anivaaryamaanennu addeham karuthi. kudumba bisinesses ettedukkunnathinum vaardhakyakaalathu maathaapithaakkale pinthunaykkunnathinum munbu sedong oru siyaangtan arrie vyaapaariyumaayi oru apprenteeshipp nedumennu addehathinte pratheekshayundaayirunnu. oru bhagam bhoomiyude peril oru cases nashtappettathinu sesham kanfyooshyanisathekkurichu ariyendathinte aavasyakathayil yichang prathyekichum urachuninnu; purathana chainees thathwachinthakanaaya kanfyooshyasinte vaakkukal udharikkaanulla avarude kazhivinte falamaayi thante ethiraali tharkkathil vijayichuvennu addeham vishwasichu.
angane, ettaam vayass muthal, swakaarya shaavoshan primery schoolil adisthaana vidyaabhyaasam nedunnathinaayi mavo ayachu. parambaraagatha syllabus vidyaabhyaasa reethiyum sweekarichu, kanfyooshyan dhaarmikatha prasamgikkunna classical chainees grandhangalude oru parambarayude pakarpum paarayanavum school oonnipparanju "moonnu prateeka classic", "perukalude pusthakam", "ayiram prateeka classic", "kuttikalkkulla oods", "philiyal classic", "philiyal laining". paraajayamo anusaranakkedo anubhavappettathode maavoyude pithaavineppole karsanamaaya achadakkakkaaranaayirunna adthyaapakan mulla vadi upayogichu marddichu. eee vidyaabhyaasa reethi eshtappedaatha maavo pinneedu "ettaam vayass muthal njaan kanfyooshyasine veruthu" ennu vaadichu."avarodu thanikk anishtamundennu prakadippichenkilum, eee grandhangal padikkunnathinte prayojanam maavo sweekarichu, kanfyooshyan udharanikalude thiranjeduttha upayogathiloode-thante pithaavinethire ulppedeyullava ulppede-vaadangal nedaan thanikk kazhinju.
moonnu raajyangalude pranayam", "padinjaarilekkulla yaatra", "vaattar marjin" ennivayulppede naalu mahathaaya classical novalukalil kaanapedunna yudhatheyum kollayeyum kurichulla vivaranagal mavoic kooduthal eshtappettu; kanfyooshyan daarmikathayil muzhukiyirikkumbol, samoohathil neethikkaayi poraadendathinte aavasyakatha avaa oonnipparanju, eee grandhangal charithrathodulla addehathinte thaalpparyathe prachodippichirikkaam. addehathinte pilkkala vivaranam anusarichu, eee ghattathilaanu addeham neethiyil sakthamaaya vishwaasam nediyathu; bhakshanam thangaan kazhiyaatha oru daridranaaya aankuttiyumaayi pankidaan addeham thante uchabhakshanam randaayi vibhajikkaan thudangi. mattoru avasarathil, oru muthirnna sahapaadiyumaayi addeham shaareerika pooraattatthil earppettu; ithu samadhaanaparamaaya vishwaasangal pulartthiyirunna ammaye valareyadhikam aswasthayaakki. addehathinte pilkkala vivaranam anusarichu, oru ghattathil adthyaapakan anusaranakkedinu shikshikkaan shramichappol addeham kalapam nadatthi; svayam vadikondu mardhikkaan anuvadikkunnathinupakaram addeham schoolil ninnu kaattuparvvathangalilekk march cheythu. oru kudumbangam kandethukayum veettilekku konduvarikayum cheiyunnathuvare addeham moonnu divasam avide thaamasichu.
eee vidyaabhyaasam undaayirunnittum, jeevacharithrakaaranmaaraaya alexander paantsovum steevan levinum abhipraayappettath "kanfyooshyasinte dhaarmika-dhaarmika pramanangal addehathinte aathmaavil oru soochanayum avasheshippichittillena thonnunnu" ennaanu. neremarichu, jeevacharitrakaaranaaya philipp short, parambaraagatha vidyaabhyaasathinu vidheyamaaya ellah chainees kuttikaleyum sambandhichidatholam, eee kanfyooshyan grandhangal "addehathinte jeevithakalam muzhuvan [addehathinte] chinthayude adisthaana maathruka urappichu" ennu vaadichu. pradhana maarksist saidhaanthikaraaya kaal marks, vladymyr lenin ennivaril ninnullathinekkaal kooduthal udharanikal pilkkala jeevithathil polum kanfyooshyasil ninnum mattu purathana chainees thathwachinthakaril ninnum ullathayi abhipraayappettukondu, confucianism "maarksisatheppole thanne [maavo] pradhaanamaanennu" theliyikkumennu hrasvamaayi soochippichu.
vivaahavum secondary vidyaabhyaasavum 1907-1911.
pathimoonnaam vayassil, shavoshan primery skoolinte adichamarthal anthareekshathil ninnu maarinilkkunnathil santhoshathode maavo school vittu. krishiyidathil jolie cheyth saambathika akkoundukal kaikaaryam cheythukondu kudumba bisinessil thante shradha kendreekarikkanamennu aavasyappetta addehathinte pithaavaan eee theerumaanam eduthathu. ennirunnaalum, adhehavum pithavum thammilulla bandham kooduthal vashalayi. mou thante ozhivusamayangalil vaayikkunnath thudarnnu, palappozhum mezhukuthiri velichathil vaayikkaan ratri vaikiyaan kidakkunnath; ithu thante pithaavine prakopippichu, addeham vinoda vayana oru anuthpaadakamaaya anweshanamaayi kandu. eee ghattathil addeham raashtreeyathodulla thaalpparyathinu prachodanamaaya oru pusthakam vaayichu sheng gwanninginte "sheng-shih veyu-yenn" ("sambannamaaya oru yugathinulla munnariyipp vaakkukal"). 1893ll prasidheekaricha eee pusthakam kizhakkan eshyayile chainees shakti kshayichathinekkurichu vilapikkukayum saankethikavum saambathikavum raashtreeyavumaaya parishkaranatthinaayi vaadikkukayum cheythu, chaina athinte samboornna rajavaazhcha upekshichu paashchaathyalokatthe praathinidhya janaadhipathyangalilum bharanaghadanaaparamaaya rajavaazhchakalilum raashtreeyamaayi svayam maathrkayaakkiyaal chaina shakthippeduthaanaakumenna vishwasichu. hunan thalasthaanamaaya chaangshayil kshaamathethudarnnu pottippurapetta gelohui athawa mootha sahodara samoohathinte neethrthwathilulla prathishedhangalaanu addehathinte rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukal roopappeduthiyathu; maavo prathishedhakkaarude aavashyangale pinthunachu, ennaal sayudha seena viyojippukaare adichamarthukayum avarude nethaakkale vadikkukayum cheythu. shaamam shaavoshaanilekk vyaapichu, avide pattini kidanna karshakar pithaavinte daanyam pidichedutthu; avarude pravartthanangal dhaarmmikamaayi thettaanenn amgeekarikkaathe, maavo avarude avasthayodu sahathapam prakadippichu.
oru praadeshika bhoovudamayude makalaaya pathinezhukaaranaaya luvo yiguvine thiranjedutthu mavoic oru krameekaricha vivaham samghadippikkaan yichang theerumaanichu. eee krameekaranatthil athrupthi thonniyengilum 1907-leyo 1908-leyo vivaahathode vivaahathin sammathicha maavo, pinneedulla vivaranam anusarichu addeham orikkalum vivaham poortthiyaakkaathirikkum luvoyumaayi jeevikkaan visammathikkukayum cheythu.
 pakaram, thaan oru varshatholam thaamasichirunna shaavoshanile thozhilillaatha oru vidyaarthiyude veettilekku thamasam maarunnathin thante maathrkudumbavumaayulla bandham upayogichathayi addeham avakashappettu. avidevechu, sima kiyaante "mahathaaya charithrakaarante rekhakal", baann guyude "muun hahn raajavamshathinte charithram" thudangiya purathana chainees bharanaadhikaarikalude kathakal aasvadichukondu addeham thante vaayana thudarnnu. 1861ll samaaharicha feng gaifente "jiavo biinn padanatthil ninnulla vyakthiparamaaya prathishedhangal" addehathe swaadheenichu. gwanninginte pusthakam pole, svayam shakthippeduthunnathinum videsha akramanangalil ninnu svayam prathirodhikkaan avaa upayogikkunnathinum videsha saankethikavidyakal sweekarikkanamennu athu chainayodu aavasyappettu. chainees viplavakariyaaya chenn tianhuvayude oru laghulekhayum maavo vaayichu, athil japanese, europian saamraajyathvavaadikalkku chainayude paramadhikaaram nashtappettathinekkurich vivarikkunnu; ithu thannil valia swaadheenamundaakkiyathaayi maavo avakashappettu, kaaranam athu vaayichathinusesham "ente raajyathinte bhaviyekkurichu enikku vishaadam anubhavapettu, athine rakshikkaan sahaayikkendathu ellah janangaludeyum kadamayaanennu manassilakkaan thudangi."athesamayam, luvo praadeshikamaayi apakeerthippeduthappedu oduvil 1910-ll vayarilakkam moolam marikkukayum cheythappol, kimi thante sahodarante kudumbathodoppam janmagramamaaya siangjiyaangil thamasikkaan thamasam maari.
1910 leeii sharathkaalathil, shaavoshaanil ninnu pathinanju mile akaleyulla dongshan hier primery schoolil cheraan anuvadikkanamennu maavo thante pithaavinodu abhyarthichu; shavoshan primery schoolil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, eee sthaapanam prakrithishaasthram polulla aadhunika vishayangal padippichu. makante tution dormittari sthalavum chelavazhikkaan yichang sammathichu, athinaal pathinarukaaranaaya maavo thante mootha cussin wenn yunchaanginoppam dongshanilekku purappettu, avanum avide chernnirunnu. skoolile addehathinte rund uttasuhrithukkal yunchang (siavo saan ennum ariyappedunna) siavo sishaangumaayirunnu, avar pinneedu communist prasthaanatthil maavoyil cherukayum addehathinte aadya jeevacharitrakaaranmaaril oralaayi maarukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, graameenanaayirunnathinaalum aadhunikathayillaathathinaalum addehathinte sahapaadikalil palarum addehathe bheeshanippedutthi, avar saadhaaranayaayi siangjiang jillayil ninnulla sambanna bhoovudamakalude makkalaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, kadinaadhvaanam, classical shailiyil upanyasangal rachikkanulla kazhivu, amithamaya vaayana ennivayiloode adhyaapakarude bahumanam nedikkondu addeham oru vijayakaramaya vidyaarthiyaanennu thelinju. ividevechaanu addeham aadyamaayi bhoomishaasthrathekkurichu padikkukayum purathana chainees charithrathekkurichulla arivu vardhippikkukayum cheythath.
american jorjju washingtoninteyum franch pouranaaya nepolian bonapartinteyum sainika vaidagdhyavum deseeyavaada aveshavum padichathum prachodanam ulkkondathumaaya "lokathile mahanaaya naayakanmar" enna pusthakathaal addeham videsha charithrathekkurichum vaayikkaan thudangi. maavoyude boudhikavum raashtreeyavumaaya vikasanathinte yadhaartha thudakkam namukk ivide, eee skoolilaanu" ennu shram vishwasichu. pravishya thalasthaanamaaya chaangshayile oru middle schoolil cheraan theerumaanikkunnathinu munbu maavo ezho etto maasam schoolil thudarnnu.
aadyakaala praayapoorthiyum rashtreeyavalkkaranavum.
sinhay viplavam 1911-1912.
1911-ll, chaangshayile middle schoolil cheraan anuvadikkanamennu maavo pithaavine bodhyappedutthi. puyi chakravartthiyude samboornna raajavaazhchayod vyapakamaaya sathruthayulla eee nagaram "oru viplava kendramaayirunnu". chilar bharanaghadanaaparamaaya rajavaazhchayilekkulla parishkaranavaada parivartthanatthe vaadichappol, mikka viplavakaarikalum thiranjedukkappetta presidensic vendi vaadichukondu republicanisathe vaadichu. republican prasthaanatthinu pinnile praadhamika vyakthi "tongmenkhui" ennariyappedunna oru rahasya samoohathe nayicha american vidyaabhyaasamulla kristhyaaniyaaya sann yaatt-seen aayirunnu. chaangshayil, maavo thante aadyathe rashtreeya lekhanam ezhuthiya "peeples independence" ("minley bavo") enna sann pathratthinte swaadheenathil vannu, athu addeham school mathilil othungi; pinneedu athu "oru paridhivare kuzhappathilaayirunna" ennu sammathikkukayum athil suuryan bharikkunna oru republicinte srishti ulppettirunnuvennum ennaal kaang yuveyi pradhaanamanthriyaayum liang kichaavoye videshakaarya mantriyaayum niyamichukondu mithavaadikalkku elavukal nalkukayum cheythu. manchu rajaavinethiraaya kalaapathinte pratheekamenna nilayil, adhehavum oru suhruthum avarude kyoo pigteyilukal-chakravartthiyude keezhppettathinte adayaalam-niravadhi sahapaadikalude cubukale nirbandhithamaayi murichumaattunnathinu munbu.
sooryante republicanism prachodippicha sainyam thekkan chainayiludaneelam chakravartthikkethire uyarnnu, ithu sinhay viplavathinu kaaranamaayi. prathishedham adichamarthaan govarnor sainika niyamam prakhyaapichathode chaangsha thudakkathil raajavaazhchayude niyanthranathilaayirunnu. nagaratthe kaaval nilkkunna kaalaalppada brigade viplavathilekku koorumaariyappol, govarnor nagaram republican kaikalil upekshichu oodippoyi. viplavathe pinthunacha maavo oru swakaarya sainikanaayi vimatha sainyathil chernnenkilum pooraattatthil pankedutthilla. vadakkan pravishyakal chakravartthiyude vishwasthatha nilanirtthi, oru aabhyantharayudham ozhivaakkaamenna pratheekshayil, sann yaatt-seen-addehathinte anuyaayikal "thaalkkaalika president" aayi prakhyaapichu-raajavaazhchayude general yuwan shikkayiyumaayi vittuveezhcha cheythu. rajavaazhcha nirthalaakkappedukayum republic oof chaina srishtikkappedukayum cheythuvenkilum rajavaazhchayulla yuwan presidentaakum. sinhay viplavam avasaanichathode, oru sainikanaayirunna aarumaasathinusesham 1912ll maavo sainyathil ninnu raajivachu. eee samayathaan maavo oru pathra lekhanathil ninnu soshyalisam kandethiyathu; chainees soshyalist party vidyaarthi sthaapakanaaya jiang kaanguvinte laghulekhakal vaayikkunnathinaayi maavo thaalparyam prakadippichenkilum aashayathil vishwasichilla.
chaangshayude naalaamathe saadhaarana vidyaalayam 1912-1917.
vidyaabhyaasathilekku madangiyethiya maavo oru police akkadami, sopp nirmmaana school, loow school, economics school ennivayil ninnu birudam nedi. addehathinte pithaav randaamathethu maathrame amgeekarichirunnulloo, pakshe prabhashanangal engleeshilaayirunnu, athu mavoic manassilayilla, athinaal maavo athu sarkkar nadathunna chaangsha middle skoolinaayi upekshichu; ithu kanfyooshyanisathil veroonniyathaanennu kandethiya addeham taamasiyaathe ithil ninnu pinmari. swathanthramaayi patanam aarambhicha addeham chaangsha public libraryil dhaaraalam samayam chelavazhichu, aadam smithinte "raashtrangalude sambathu", monteskviyuvinte "niyamangalude aathmaav" thudangiya classical liberalisathinte pradhana kruthikal vaayikkukayum athupole paashchaathya shaasthranjarudeyum chaals darvin, jeey.ezz. mill, jeane-jackwus russo, herbert spensor. svayam oru budhijeeviyaayi kaanumbol, varshangalkk sesham, eee samayat thaan jolie cheiyunnavarekkaal mikachavanaanennu addeham sammathichu. friedrich polsante pravarthanangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond, vyakthivaadathinu udaaramaaya oonnal nalkiyathu, shaktharaaya vyakthikal dhaarmika niyamangalal bandhikkappettavarallennum marichu valia nanmaykkaayi parisramikkanamennum, avasaanam maarggangale nyaayeekarikkunnuvennum vishwasikkaan mavo prerippichu. makante boudhika pravarthanangalil oru prayojanavum kaanathe, maavoyude pithaav avante alavans nirthalaakkukayum paavappettavarkkaayi oru hostalilekku marran mavo nirbandhikkukayum cheythu.
oru adthyaapakanaakaan aagrahikkunna maavo, uyarnna nilavaaramullathum ennaal kuranja fease vilakuranja thaamasoukaryavumulla chaangshayile naalaamathe saadhaarana skoolaaya oru adhyapaka pariseelana collegil chernnu. maasangalkk sesham, hunanile ettavum mikacha skoolaayi parakke kaanapedunna aadyathe saadhaarana chaangsha skoolumaayi ithu layichu. 
maavoyumaayi sauhrudam pularthiya dhaarmmikathayude professor yang changji, pecking sarvakalaashaalayile faakkaltti oof lettezhs deenaaya thante suhruthu chenn duxiu srishticha "nyoo yoothu" ("siin quingnian") enna samoolamaaya oru pathram vaayikkaan addehathodu abhyarthichu. oru chainees desheeyavaadiyaanengilum, chaina padinjarottu nokkanamennu chenn vaadichu, "misttar. janadhipathyavum shree. andhavishwaasathil ninnum svechaadhipathyathil ninnum svayam shudheekarikkunnathinaayi shaasthram. 1917 eprilil maavo thante aadya lekhanamaaya "shaareerika samskaarathekkurichulla patanam" "puthiya yuvakkal" enna lekhanathil prasidheekarichu, viplavathe sevikkunnathinaayi vaayanakkaarkk avarude shaareerika shakti vardhippikkaan nirddeshichu. maanchu adhiniveshathodulla hahn prathirodhatthe pratheekappeduthunna thathwachinthakanaaya wang fushi anukarikkaan aagrahicha chaangsha saahithyakaaran sthaapicha viplava grouppaaya wang fushi (chuwan-shahn hsuye-shee) padikkunnathinaayi addeham samoohathil chernnu.
thante aadya school varshathil, maavo oru muthirnna vidyaarthiyaaya siavo sishengumaayi sauhrudam sthaapichu; avar orumichu bhakshanam labhikkunnathinaayi yaachich saahithyadarshanangal ezhuthukayum, hunan nadattham nadathukayum cheythu. oru janapriya vidyaarthiyaaya maavo school raashtreeyathil sajeevamaayi thudarnnu, 1915 ll vidyaarthi samoohathinte sekrattariyaayi thiranjedukkappettu. school niyamangalkkethiraaya prathishedhatthinu neethrthwam nalkikkond vidyaarthi svayambharanathinaayi oru association roopeekarikkaan addeham thante sthaanam upayogichu. 1917 leeii vasanthakaalath, yudhaprabhukkanmaaraaya sinikareyum kollakkareyum kabalippikkunnathil ninnu schooline samrakshikkunnathinaayi roopeekaricha vidyaarthikalude sannadhasena nayikkaan addeham thiranjedukkappettu, eee sainikare thaalkkaalika mulla kunthangalum thadi raifilukalum upayogichu aayudhamaakki. yudhathinte saankethikavidyakalil kooduthal thaalparyam prakadippicha addeham onnaam lokamahaayudhathile sambhavangalil atheeva thaalparyam prakadippikkukayum thozhilaallikalodu aikyadaartyam prakadippikkukayum cheythu. moonnu raajyangalude pranayam" enna padatthil ninnu edutha "moonnu naayakanmar" ennu svayam visheshippichukondu siavo sishenginodum kaii hessanode oppam maavo shaareerika sahishnuthayude nettangal kaikkondu. mattu yuva viplavakarikalumaayi chernnu 1918 eprilil chenn duksiyuvinte ashayangal charcha cheiyunnathinaayi peeppil stadi sosaittiyude naveekaranam avar roopeekarichu. vyakthiparavum saamoohikavumaaya parivartthanam aagrahicha samooham 70 muthal 80 vare amgangale nedi, avaril chilar sthreekal ulppede, avaril palarum communist partyil chernnu. 1919 juunil birudam nediya maavo aaa varsham moonnaam sthaanathethi.