
itaaliyan distroyer nempo (1927)

1920kalil royal itaaliyan naavikasenaykkaayi nirmmicha ettu kappalukalil onnaayirunnu nempo. avalude perinte ardham nimbus ennaanu. desheeyavaadikale pinthunachukondu 1936-1937 enna spanish aabhyanthara yudhathil kappal oru cheria punk vahichu.
roopakalppanayum vivaranavum.
turbine"-klaas distroyarukal munkaala ezz-nte vipuleekarikkukayum mechappeduthukayum cheytha pathippukalaanu. avaykku mothatthilulla neelam, oru beam, oru sharashari draaft ennivayundaayirunnu. avaa saadhaarana bhaarathilum aazhathilulla bhaarathilum sthaanabhramsham varuthi. 12 udyogastharum 167 perum chernnaayirunnu avarude koottam.
moonnu thornicroft boyilarukal nalkunna neeravi upayogichu oro propeller shaafttum oodikkunna rund paarsan gear cheytha steem turbineukalaanu turbineukalkk karuth pakarunnath. turbineukal sevanathinte vegathayil rettucheythirunnuvenkum, kadal pareekshanangalil "nempo" cheruthaayi looad cheyyumbol athinte vegathayilethi. avarkk vegathayil oru paridhi nalkaan mathiyaya indhana enna avar vahichu.
avarude pradhana baattariyil rund eratta thokku gopurangalilaayi naalu thokkukal undaayirunnu, superstructurinte munnilum pinnilum oro thokkukal veetham. turbine" klaas kappalukalkkulla aanti-aircraft (aaa) prathirodham orotta moundu amidshippukalil oru jodi aaa thokkukalum mesheen gannukalkkayi eratta-gann moundum nalki. rund triple moundu amidshippukalil aarr torpido tubeukal avayil sajjeekarichirunnu. turbineukalkk 52 khanikal vahikkaan kazhiyum.
nirmmanavum thozhilum.
"1925 januvari 21 nuu kantiyeri nawali dell tirino avarude riva trigoso kappalsaalayil "nempo" sthaapikkukayum 1927 januvari 27 nuu vikshepikkukayum october 14 nuu poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. rejia mareena "nempo" yumayi sevanathilekku praveshicha sesham laa specia aasthaanamaayulla aii distroyer floatilayude randaamathe schwadronil niyamikkapettu. 1929num 1932num idayil randaam distroyer division medittareniyan kadalil pariseelana kappalukal nadatthi.
1931ll "nempo" yum pazhaya cruiser randaam naavikavibhaagatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu.
1932-ll, itaaliyan naavikasenayile aadya kappalukalil onnaayirunnu "nempo", akkaalat munnirayil undaayirunna "nempo", "turbine", "euro", "akviloon" enniva ulppedunna onnaam distroyer schwadroninte kamaandaraaya annathe kyapttan carlo bergamini roopakalppana cheytha oru galilio-bergamini fayar kantrol sisttam labhicha aadya kappalukalil onnu. onnaam schwadron kappalukalil agni niyanthrana samvidaanam pareekshichathu vijayikkukayum mattu niravadhi reejiya mareena kappalukalil eee samvidaanam sweekarikkunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.
1934-ll mattoru punasamghadanaykku sesham "nempo" veendum onnikkukayum ippol randaam naavika divishante bhagamaaya ettaamathe distroyer schwadron roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. 1934-ll ushnamekhalaa kaalaavasthayil pariseelanam nadathunnathinaayi avarodoppam chenkadalilekku thaalkkaalikamaayi vinyasikkapettu.
1936num 1938num idayil, spanish republican senakalkkulla kadalmargamulla saadhanangal vitharanam cheiyunnathu thadanjukondu "nempo" spanish aabhyanthara yudhathil pankedutthu.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
randaam lokamahaayudhathil itali praveshichappol "nempo" enna perilulla oru samgham, tobruck aasthaanamaayulla aadyathe distroyer schwadron roopeekarichu. thudakkathil, avarkk escort, aanti-submarine dutykal nalkiyirunnu.
1940 juun 6 nuu, shathruthaykkulla thayyaareduppinaayi, onnaam distroyer schwadronile kappalukal "bartletta" enna minileyarinoppam pathinaalu minefieldukal (540 khanikal) tobrakkinu chuttum sthaapichu.
niravadhi distroyarukal ulppede niravadhi kappalukal tobruck thuramukhathu undennu oru vyoma nireekshanam velippeduthiyathinu sesham, britiish command juun 12 nuu tobrakkinu nere vyomaakramanam nadatthaan utharavittu. juun 12 nuu athiraavile 45,55,113,211 schwadronukalil ninnulla blenheimukal vyomaakramanam nadatthi. 92,93,94 schwadriglyakalil ninnulla britiish bomberukale cr.32s thadanju, chila bomberukale thirinjukalayaano allengil avarude bombukal akaalathil idaano nirbandhitharaakki. niravadhi bombermark kadannupokaanum 04:52 num 05:02 num idayil thuramukhathu bomb vaykkaanum kazhinju, ithu valare cheria naashanashtangal maathramaan varuthiyathu.
ithinu marupadiyaayi itaaliyan command solam bombitan utharavittu. juun 15 nuu athiraavile panthrand aii. dii. 1 bomberukal bombukal pathippicha rejia aeronotica rejia mareena nadatthiya raidle distroyarukal "nempo" enna shabdathode pattanatthe "aii. dii. 2" muthal "aii. dii. 3" vare shellakramanam nadatthi, avarude pradhana kaalibarinte 220 shellukal prayogichu, ennaal aakramana samayat kanatha moodalmanju kaaranam instaaleshanukalkku kaaryamaaya kedupaadukal sambhavichu. juun 26nuu athe distroyer group 541 shellukal chelavazhichu "ganyamaaya falapraapthiyode" 05:35 num 06:18 num idayil solathinte mattoru bombakramanam nadatthi.
1940 juulai 5 nuu naalu torpido bottukal, aarr charakk kappalukal, niravadhi sahaaya kappalukal ennivayulppede "nempo" ulppede ezhu kappalukal tobruck thuramukhathu sthaapichu. 10:00 muthal 11:15 vareyulla oru hraswa sunderland rahasyaanveshana vimanam 1,500-2,000 meter uyarathil thuramukhathinu mukaliloode parannuyarukayum vimana virudha vedivayppu nadathukayum cheythenkilum, thuramukhathu niravadhi kappalukalude saannidhyam sthireekarikkukayum cheythu. uchakazhinju 813 naavika vyoma schwadronukalude onpathu fairy waldfish torpido bombarmaarude oru samgham sidi barani airfieldil ninnu parannuyarnnu tobrakkilekku neengi. eyar alaram <aii. dii. 1> ll muzhakkiyenkilum ayal vimanangal kandethunnathil itaaliyakkaar parajayappettu, avar ithinakam thanne <aii. dii. 2> enna thuramukhathinu mukalilaayi. distroyarukalil avarude udyogastharil bhooribhaagavum steemarukalil "liguria", "sabia" ennivayil undaayirunnu. eathaanum minittukalkk sesham aarambhicha akramanam ezhu minitt maathram neenduninnathinaal anchu itaaliyan kappalukal mungukayo kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayo cheythu. oru vyoma ethirppum neridendivannillengum, britiish torpido bomberukal thaazhnna uyarathil ninnu (ekadesham 100 adii) akramikkukayum avarude torpidokal 400-500 meter akale ninnu eathaandu pooyint shoonyamaayi vidukayum cheythu. paalatthinum 120 emm peerankikkum idayil vedicope depoic chuttumulla villil vachu torpido thakartha nicolas kennady paratthiya oru vimaanamaan aadyam aakramichathu. spodanathil kappal randaayi vibhajikkappedukayum aramanikkoorin sesham mungukayum cheythu. charakk kappal idikkukayum mungukayum cheythu, steamer idikkukayum kadaltheerathu athikkendivarikayum samudra liner idikkukayum kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum cheythu. rund vimanangal "nempo" ulppedeyulla mattu distroyarukaleyum aakramichuvenkilum theevramaaya vimana virudha vedivayppu kaaranam avayude torpidokal vikshepikkunnathil parajayappettu. 21:31 ll eyar alaram raddaakkukayum appozhekkum ombathu britiish vimaanangalum valare akaleyaayirunnu.
1940 juulai 19 nuu cape spada yudhathil kedupaadukal sambhavicha laitt cruiser tobrakkil abhayam praapichuvennu vishwasichu britiish command, basekethire oru puthiya bomber akramanam nadatthaan theerumaanichu. "juulai 5leeii reydinte athe sthalathu "nempo" yum avayum sthaapichu. samarppita vyoma prathirodha samghangal ozhike mikka udyogastharum board steemarukalilaayirunnu. 55 schwadronukalil ninnum 211 schwadron raafil ninnumulla panthrand bristtol blenheim bomberukal thuramukhathinte vadakkan bhaagath bomb spodanam nadatthi, oru vimana virudha baattariyum thuramukhathinte soukaryangalum cheruthaayi nasippikkukayum oru vimanam nashtappedukayum cheythu. britiish yudhakkappal vikshepicha 700 naavika vyoma schwadronil ninnulla oru seaplane bombaakramanathinte phalangal anweshikkunnathaayi 18:56 ll prathyakshappettu. seaplane udan thanne vimana virudha baattarikal lakshyamidukayum vedivachu veezhthukayum cheythu. bardia, sidi belaforid advanced lissoning steshanukalil ninnu reportukal labhichathinethudarnnu tobruck veendum munnariyipp nalki. 824 naavika vyoma schwadronile aarr fairy waldfish torpido bomberukal tobruck thuramukhathinu mukalilulla aakaashat prathyakshappedukayum sakthamaaya vimana virudha vedivayppu neridukayum cheythu. theepiduttham ozhivakkaan niravadhi paasukal nadatthaan ithu vimaanangale nirbandhitharaakkukayum lakshyangal nedukayum cheythu, nalla meghaavrithamaaya ratri sthithigathikal vashalakki. oduvil juulai 20nuu ekadesham aii. dii. 1-ll thangalude lakshyangal krameekarikkaan britteeshukaarkk kazhiyukayum thaazhnna uyarathil aakramana roopeekaranam ettedukkukayum cheythu. schwadron commander eph. pailat cheytha oru vimaanathil ninnu vikshepicha torpido steemaril idichu.ezz. kwari, avale pathukke mungaan prerippikkunnu. mattoru vimaanathil ninnu vikshepicha torpido avarude karkkashamaaya vedicope depoyil idichathinaal kappal kathikkukayum patthu minittinusesham mungukayum cheythu. "nempo" <aii. dii. 1> ll oru torpidoyil idichu 8 minittinusesham mungi, avalude 25 jeevanakkar kollappedukayum naalu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. itaaliyan niyantritha pradeshathu thirichupokumbol thakarnnuveenathine thudarnnu britteeshukaarkk oru vimanam nashtappettu.
nempo" yill ninnulla thokkukal pinneedu neekkam cheyyukayum bardiayude prathirodham shakthippeduthunnathin itaaliyakkaar upayogikkukayum cheythu.