
pooll reachard

pooll raichard (2 desember 1854-16 septambar 1938) aafrikkayil vipulamaayi sanjaricha oru jarmman paryavekshakanaayirunnu.
addehathinte kandethalukal jarmman kizhakkan aphrica samrakshitha pradesham sthaapikkunnathilekku nayichu.
aadyakaala varshangal.
pooll raichard 1854 desember 2 nuu newide oonn dhii rainil janichu.
addeham myoonikkil padikkukayum 1873-ll vidyaarthi samghadanayaaya corps rino-palashyayil cherukayum cheythu.
birudaananthara birudathinushesham addeham kaisarslottarnil kurachukaalam enchineeyaraayi jolie cheythu.
1880-ll kizhakkan aafrikkayil oru shaasthra kendram sthaapikkunnathinulla jarmman aafrikkan sosaittiyude oru paryaveshanatthil amgamaayi addeham sannadhapravarthanam nadatthi.
addeham svayam thayyaaredukkukayum sajjamaakkukayum swahili paadangal padikkukayum thante swantham panatthil ninnu 50,000 maarkk paryaveshanachelavinu sambhavana cheyyukayum cheythu.
aafrikkan paryavekshanam.
thudakkathil paryaveshanatthinte nethaavu kyapttan voonn sholar mattu amgangal suvolajist richard boham, topographer edward kaisar ennivarumaayirunnu. 1880 joolaiyil avar bagamoyo thuramukhathu ninnu innathe tansaniayude ulbhaagathekku march cheythu.
novemberil avar unjamvesiyil kakoma steshan sthaapikkukayum onpathu maasam avide thaamasikkukayum cheythu.
kyapttan voonn scholar kakkaamayil steshan sthaapicha sesham sansibar vazhi europilekku madangi.
1881ll bohem reachard gondayude padinjaaru vaala nadhi athinte mukhabhaagam vare paryavekshanam cheythu.
bohem kaisar taamgaanyika thadaakathilekku moonnu maasathe paryaveshanam nadatthi, 1881 avasaanathode gondo steshanilekku madangi.
pinneedu egondayil oru steshan sthaapichu.
taamgaanyika thadaakathinu kizhakkulla rukwa mekhalayile ufipayekkurichu reachard paranju, fipa samsthaanathinullil "shaanthavum samadhaanavum kramavum" bharichu.
kapufi raajaavinte bharanathe addeham visheshippichathu "pothuve oorjjaswalavum ennaal soumyavum" ennaanu.
1882 octoberil eduward kaisar rukwa thadaakathilekkulla oru paryaveshanatthil marichu.
1882 desemberil, rechard bomum egonda vittu tansaniayile karemayilekkum congo free stettile thadaakatthinte padinjaaru empaalayilekkum paryavekshanam cheyth taamgaanyika thadaakathilekku yaatra cheythu.
1883 septambar 1 nuu bohem raichard beljian steshanaaya mapala ninnu taamgaanyikkayil ninnu purappettu.
luwapala kadannu annu "uruva" ennu vilikkapetta oru raajyathekku kadakkaan avarkk kazhinju.
konde irunde, mitumba parvathanirakaliloode thaazhekku veezhumbol niravadhi vellachattangalum druthagathiyilulla vellachattangalum ulla raichard rund thavana luwapula kadannu.
1884 march 27nuu boham antharichu.
luvalaba nadhi veethiyullathum jalathinte alavu adisthaanamaakki kongoyude yadhaartha uravidamaanennu thonnunnathumaanennu reachard nireekshichu.
upemba thadaakathiloodeyum thudarnnu kikoncha thadaakathiloodeyum luvalava nadhi vadakkott ozhukunnathaayi addeham kandethi.
europukaarkku ithinakam ariyamaayirunna kattanga chembu khanikal vare reachard lufira nadhi vare sanjarichu. kadanga pradesham sakthanaaya thalavan msirikk vidheyamaayirunnuvennu addeham report cheythu.
eee kandethalukal madhya aafrikkayude bhoopadatthinte niravadhi punaravalokanangalkk nirbandhithamaayi.
addeham kizhakode thirichupoyi, 1884 novemberil indian mahasamudra theerathe saansibaaril ethi.
pinneedu currier.
saansibaarile sultan said bargashinode oru europian raajaavineppole perumariyathil jarmman sarkkar thettu cheythuvennu 1889-ll reachard vimarshichu. jarmman kappalppada sandarshichappol athu sulthaanettu kaivashappeduthennathaayinnu addeham paranju.
raikard bomum avar paryavekshanam cheytha pradeshangalil ganyamaaya bhoomi ettedukkal nadathukayum 1890 juulai 1 nuu germmaniyum brittan thammilulla oru karaaril oppuvachathode aupachaarikamaayi nilanilkkunna oru jarmman samrakshitha samsthaanathinaayi racard ahvaanam cheyyukayum cheythu.
communications oof dhaa jarmman aafrikkan sosaitti" yill prathyakshappetta paryaveshanathekkurichu addeham niravadhi reportukal ezhuthi.
1888-ll reachard aafrikkan adimathathekkurichulla nireekshanangal prasidheekarichu, vyapaaram pradhaanamaayum arabikalalla, marichu aafrikkakkaaraanu nadathunnathennu paranju. 80 muthal 98 sathamaanam vare aafrikkakkaar adimakalaanennum thalavanmaarum bandhukkalum maathramaan swathanthrarennum addeham paranju. udamaykku thante adimakalodu nannayi perumaarendivannu allengil avar mattevideyengilum adimakalaakaan oodippookum. jenal oof dhii american geographical aandu stattistikkal sosaitti" yill eee avakaashavaadangalekkurichulla oru abhiprayam "misttar. reachardinte yukthi kaanikkunnath addeham thante swabhaavathe lokathil ninnu kalankappeduthaathe nilanirthiyittundennum adima udamayo thalavano allathe mattaarekkaalum vanjanaaparanallennum ".
1889-ll reachard aafrikkan aanakkombinekkurichum anakkombu vyaapaarathekkurichum samagramaya oru vivaranam prasidheekarichu. sub-saharan aafrikkayiludaneelam aanakalude shreni anugamikkunna bhoopadam kaanikkunnu, ennaal mikka pradeshangalilum ithinakam thanne avaye theeradeshangalil ninnu thirichukonduvannittunnu kaanikkunnu. thuranna vanangalilum hraswa-pullu savannakalilum vasikkunna aanakalil ninnu kooduthal moolyavathaaya mriduvaaya aanakkombum kaadukalile aanakalil ninnum neelamulla pullulla savannakalil ninnum vilakuranja kadinamaaya aanakkombum addeham verthirichu. akkaalathe vyaapaarathil kizhakk sansibar adisthaanamaakkiyulla arabikalum padinjaaru angola porchugeesukaarum aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunnu.
europilekku madangiyethiya sesham, reachard kurachukaalam neysil thaamasichu, thudarnnu berlin-chaarlattanbargilekku thamasam maari, avide 1938 septambar 16 nuu addeham marikkukayum thekkupadinjaaran stansdorff churchyaardil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.