
kaimal

innathe indian samsthaanamaaya keralatthinte fudal kaalaghattatthil nair jaathiyil ninnulla vividha medhaavikal charitraparamaayi upayogichirunna oru prabhukka padaviyaanu kaimal. keralatthileyum dakshinenthyayileyum hindukkalude ettavum uyarnna jaathikalilonnaan kaimal. samanthan, kiryatthil nair kudumbangalkk nalkia padaviyaanithu. koratti, aanki, kattacherry ennee kaimal vibhagangal ulppede vividha kudumbangal eee padavi upayogichittundu.
kaarthayum kaimal saamanthan ennu ariyappedunna adutha bandhamullah oru abhinethaakkalaanu/thalakkettaanu kaartha. 
"chila saamanthanmaarkk karthaavu, kaimal ennee jaathi padavikal undu. ennaal saamanthanmaarude vividha vibhagangal thammil avarude aapekshika sambathum swaadheenavum kaaranam poornnamaayum saamoohika vyathyaasangal ozhike yadhaarthathil bhauthika vyathyaasangalundenn thonnunnilla.". kaimalukalkk svaroopam/swaroopi ennee sthaanangalum nalkiyirunnu.
kshatriya varnnamulla oru nair upajathiyaayi kaimalukal svayam thirichariyunnu. vividha charithrarekhakalil niravadhi paraamarshangal rekhappeduthiyittundu. emirate rajaakkanmaar/naadivaasikal (nadwari)/rajakumaranmar ennaanu avar ariyappedunnathu.
niravadhi kaimal kudumbangal ippol enn. ezz. esinoppam kshatriya kshethrasabhayude bhagamaanu.
porchugees aadhipathyam.
afonso dii aalbukkarkkinte keezhilulla anchaamathe porchugees indian naavikasena 1503ll kochi raajaavine kaalikkattile samorinil ninnu rakshikkaan krithyasamayathu ethi. porchugeesukaar pinneedu kochin sainyathinethire poraadiya thalavanmaarilekku shradha thirikkukayum akramangal nadathukayum athil avar pradeshavaasikale vanthothil kollukayum pattanangalum graamangalum vivechanarahithamayi kathikkukayum cheythu.
porchugeesukaarum rajaavum pinneedu aanchi kaimalukalumaayi oru udambadiyil earppedukayum athuvazhi avar kochin simhaasanathinte melcoyma amgeekarikkukayum cheythu.
kochiyile dachukaar.
1662 october 26nuu kochiyude prathimaye sakhyakakshiyude prathimayil ninnu saamanthante prathimayaakki maattaan aagrahicha porchugeesukaare kochiyile bharanadhikaarikal vijayakaramaayi paraajayappeduthi. dachukaarum porchugeesukaarum thammilulla sathrutha avar chooshanam cheyyukayum porchugees senaykkethiraaya yudhathil dachukaare avarude sakhyakakshiyaakkukayum cheythu. aanchi kaimalmarude sahaayathode kochi rajaakkanmaar eee yuddham nadatthi.
tii. aii. poone parayunnu 
praadeshika bharanadhikaarikal.
adhikaarathe soochippikkunna malayaalathil kaii ennartham varunna kaii enna vakkil ninnaan kaimal enna peru uruthirinjathu. neratthe kaimalukale praadeshika thalavanmarayi amgeekarichirunnu. vaikkam, niranampetty, iringaalakkuda, raanni, koratti, niranampetty, aanki, kondacherry thudangiya pradhana pradeshangal kaimal naduvazhikalude niyanthranathilaayirunnu. anjukaimalnadu (anju kaimalukalude naadu) ennaayirunnu eranaakkuliminte pazhaya peru.
chila naduvazhikal porchugeesukaareppola videsha adhiniveshakkaare akramikkukayum cheria vijayangal nedukayum cheythathayi kaanaan kazhiyum. 
koratti kaimalineppolulla chila praadeshika bharanaadhikaarikale pariseelanam labhicha nair ithara yodhaakkalum sevikkukayum samrakshikkukayum cheythirunnu ennathu rasakaramaaya oru vasthuthayaan.
kerala padanangalekkurichulla anthaaraashtra kongras' polulla charithrarekhakal prakaram, kaimal, kaartha ennee perukalulla praadeshika bharanadhikaarikal velluvili niranja rajaakkanmaar (mahaa raaja) polum samanthara bharanasamvidaanangal nadathiyirunnuvennu parayunnu.
avaril chilar valare shaktharaayirunnu, avare keezhadakkaan rajaavu polum porchugeesukaareppola videshashakthikalude sahayam thedi.
kochiyile medhaavikal.
keey. pii. padmanabha menon thante "keralacharitram vaalyam 2" enna kruthiyil cheranelloor kaarthayude thalavanaayirunna anjikaimalmar eranaakkulam muzhuvan svanthamaakkiyathaayi paraamarsikkunnu. vaasthavathil, keralatthinte aadyakaala bhoopadangalil eranaakkulam anjikaimal ennaanu ariyappettirunnath. 1910leeii dutch malabar rekhakal (dutch rekhakal nambar 13), 1740-leeii oru bhoopadam kaanikkunnu, athu kochin samsthaanathekkaal eratti valuppamullathayi anjikaimalinte vistheernnam chithreekarikkunnu. gollennez" (dutch eest india kambani) udharichukondu addeham paraamarsikkunna mattu medhaavikal ivayaanu 1) mooriyanaad nambier, 2) paliyath achan (mukalil soochippicha), 3) kodacherry (kottassery) kaimal, 4) korettiyude kaimalian, 5) chankara coda kaimal, 6) panamookkaatt kaimal (panambakkadu kaimal). avasaanathe naalu kaimalmar nandiattar nadduvinte kaimalmar ennariyappedunnu. dutch eest india kambaniyude heer vaan reed parayunnathanusarichu 1694ll nandiattar nadduvile kaimalmark 43,000 nair sainikarundaayirunnu. porchugees kaalaghattatthil kaimal raajakudumbaamgangalum goayilek thamasam mariyirunnu.
adhikaarathinte avasaanam.
pii. keey. ezz. thiruvithaamkoorileyum kochiyileyum fudalism avasanippikkunnathinulla gadakangal rajaavu nalkunnu
vadakkan paatt.
sugandhamulla checkavar aringodar chekkavarumaayi poraadi kurungadi kaimal enna praadeshika bharanaadhikaariyude adutha adhikariye thiranjedutthu.

