
alasca saalman malsyabandhanam

vaanijya malsyabandhanam, kaayika malsyabandhanam, alasca thaddesheeya samoohangalude upajeevanamaargam, praadeshika nivaasikalude vyakthiparamaaya upayogam ennivaykkaayi anchu inam wilde pasaphik saalman vaarshika vilaveduppine pinthunaykkunna oru niyantritha malsyabandhanamaanu alasca saalman malsyabandhanam. vadakke amerikkayile ettavum valia saalman vilaveduppaanu alaskayile saalman vilaveduppu, ithu motham kaattumrigangal pidikkunna malsyangalude 80 shathamaanathe prathinidheekarikkunnu, kaanadayil ninnum pasaphik vadakkupadinjaaran pradeshangalil ninnumulla vilaveduppaanu 2017 ll 200 dashalakshathiladhikam saalman mathsyathozhilaalikal alascan vellathil pidichedutthu, ithu 750 dasalaksham dollar exwessel moolyathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. alaaskayiludaneelam saalman malsyabandhanam sarvvyaapiyaaya oru pravarthanamaanu, ennirunnaalum ettavum moolyavathaaya saalman malsyabandhanam bristtol ulkkadal, prins vilyam soundu, thekkukizhakkan pradeshangal ennividangalilaanu.
irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathil amita malsyabandhanam stokkukalil ganyamaaya idivinum alasca malsya-kaayika vakuppinte melnottatthilulla samagramaya fisheries maanejment sisttathinte vikasanathinum kaaranamaayi. athinusesham stokkukal veendedukkukayum alasca saalman malsyabandhanam 2000 muthal maraine steevarship kaunsil susthiramaanennu saakshyappeduthukayum cheythu.
charithram.
sahasraabdangalaayi thaddesheeya samoohangalude alaskayile oru pradhana bhakshana srothassaanu saalman. alaskayil ellaayppozhum aarogyakaramaya saalman stokkukal undaayirunnilla. 1920-ll kaannari sheshi vardhichathode saalman malsyam athivegam valarnnu. ithu amita malsyabandhanathilekku nayichu, ithu saalman stokkukal kurayaan kaaranamaayi, 1953-ll president isenhover alaska federal duranta mekhalayaayi prakhyaapichu. vaasthavathil, 1959-ll, samsthaanavyaapakamaayi motham 25 dasalaksham saalman vilaveduppu maathrame undaayirunnulloo, ithu nilavile susthira ulppaadanathinte 20 sathamaanathil thaazheyaan. 1920num 1959num idayil alasca saalman mathsyabandhanathinte thakarchaykku ithu oru pradhana kaaranamaayirunnu. 1959ll alasca samsthaana padavi nedi. vishakalanathin sesham, samsthaanapadaviykku munbu nilavilundaayirunna federal nayangal nadappaakkaathathaanu eee thakarchaykku kaaranamenn vyakthamaayi. koodaathe, malsyabandhanam niyantrikkaanum thaazhnna nilayilulla stokkukal punaradhivasippikkanum kazhiyunna tharatthil saalman stokkukalum malsyabandhanavum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum gaveshanam cheiyunnathinum aavashyamaaya saambathika vibhavangal nalkunnathil federal sarkkar parajayappettu. alasca oru samsthaanamaayitheerukayum puthiya samrakshana nadapadikal aarambikkukayum cheythathinu sesham eee thakarcha thaalkkaalikamaayi thadanju. ennirunnaalum, kooduthal saankethika fishing gearinte avishwasaneeyamaaya praveshanam 1972-ll record thaazhnna nilayilekku kuranju. eee idivu 1973-ll parimithamaaya praveshana anumathi samvidaanathinu keezhil saalman mathsyabandhanathinte valarchaye prolsaahippikkaan sahayichu. athinusesham alaskayude saalman maanejment kaaranam tii catch record nilavaaratthilekku thirichetthi.
speeshees.
alaskayil saambathika praadhaanyamulla anchu inam pasaphik saalman undu chinook, sokki, koho, pink, cham.
nayangal.
federal maanejment muthal samsthaana maanejment vare.
1959ll alasca athinte fisheries federal maanejmentil ninnu stettu maanejmentilekku maari. alaskayude bharanaghadanayil samsthaanathinte prakrithivibhavangalude maanejmentum upayogavum sambandhicha oru lekhanamundu. article VIII, sekshan 4 prasthaavikkunnu "malsyam, vanangal, vanyajeevikal, pulmedukal, samsthaanathintethu aaya matellaa punarnirmmikkavunna vibhavangalum susthiramaaya vilavu thathwathil upayogikkukayum vikasippikkukayum paripalikkukayum venam, prayojanakaramaaya upayogangalkkidayilulla mungananakk vidheyamaayi.alasca oru samsthaanamaayappol alasca department oof fish aandu geyim roopeekarichu. susthiramaaya vilavinaayi saalman malsyabandhanam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla sakthamaaya samrakshana maandettumaayi alasca department oof fish aandu geyim roopeekarichappol, maruvashathu, alasca board oof fisheries aaa saalman vilavu upayokthaakkalkk anuvadikkunnathinte utharavaaditham nalki. praadhamika samrakshana adhikariye alokkeshan authorityil ninnu vyakthamaayi verthirikkunnathu alascan malsyabandhana maanejment samvidaanathinte shakthikalilonnaan.
fixed escapement" ennariyappedunna vilaveduppu nayamaan pradhana lakshyam, allengil malsyabandhanathil ninnu mathiyaya ennam praayapoorthiyaaya muttayidunna saalman rakshappedumennu urappakkukayum nadikalil mulaykkaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu, angane stokkukalude deerghakaala aarogyam nilanirthunnu. saalman maanejarmaar mathiyaya muttayidal ozhivaakkalukal kaivarikkunnuvennu urappakkaan divasena malsyabandhanam thurakkukayum adaykkukayum cheiyunnu. oottam paraajayappedumbol, munkootty nischayicha rakshappedal aavasyangal niravettunnathinum deerghakaala susthira vilavu urappakkunnathinum maanejarmaar malsyabandhanam avasaanippikkunnu. oottam shakthamaakumbol, maanejarmaar adhika thuka upayogikkunnathinaayi vilaveduppu niyanthranangal udaaramaakkunnu. susthiramaaya vilavu urappaakkunnathin niyukta niyanthrana adikaaramulla praadeshika jeevashaasthranjar inn-season maanejmentinu alasca nalkunna oonnal vijayakaramaya saalman maanejmentinte pradhana gadakamaanu.
parimithamaaya praveshana niyamam.
1973ll saalman malsyabandhanam parimithamaaya praveshana anumathi samvidaanathinu keezhil aarambhichathinusesham saalman mathsyabandhanathinte susthira vilavu maanejmentil alasca vijayichu. alascan niyamanirmmanasabha parimithamaaya praveshana niyamam sweekarichu, saalman mathsyabandhanathinaayi nilavile parimithamaaya praveshana samvidaanam sthaapichu. vaanijya fisheries entry kammeeshan (sii. eph. iii. sii) aanu vaanijya malsyabandhana praveshana anumathi samvidaanam niyanthrikkunnath. vaanijya mathsyabandhanathilekkallu praveshanam parimithappedutthukayum malsyabandhana vibhavangalude nadatthippum vikasanavum sugamamaakkunnathin vaarshika licenses malsyabandhanathinu anumathy nalkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu sii. eph. iii. siyude lakshyam.permitt leasing nirodhikkuka, vaaypakalkku permittukal eedaayi upayogikkunnathu thadayuka, soujanya kaimaattam anuvadikkuka ennivayaanu padhathiyude chila pradhana savisheshathakal. nashtaparihaaramillathe niyamanirmmaana sabhaykku parishkkarikkan kazhiyunna oru upayoga-aanukoolyamaayaanu parimithamaaya praveshana niyamam praveshana permittukale nirvachichathu. soujanya kaimattakshamatha alaskayude mathsyabandhanathinullil thaamasakkaarude uyarnna sathamaanam nilanirthaan kaaranamaayi, ithu alaskayude supreme kodathi sharivachittund. avaa udamayude swathavakaashamaanu, avaa vilkkanum vaangaanum paarambaryamaayi labhikkanum kazhiyum.
parimithamaaya praveshana anumathi samvidaanam alaskayude malsyabandhanathinu pala tharatthil prayojanakaramaanu. kodathi theerumaanangalum stokku saahacharyangalum malsyabandhana avasarangal ganyamaayi kuracha padinjaaran theerathe malsyabandhanathil ninnulla puthiya mathsyathozhilaalikalude varavil ninnu parimithamaaya praveshana niyamam nadappaakkunnathu alaskayude malsyabandhanathe samrakshichu. thuranna praveshanathinu keezhil nilavilundaakaattha motham saambathika aanukoolyangal undaayittund. saalman janasamkhyaye paraamarshikkumbol, janasamkhya vardhippikkunnathil permitt samvidaanam valareyadhikam vijayichu (chithram 1).
badal vishadeekaranangal.
saalman mathsyabandhanathinte vardhichuvarunna janasamkhyayude kaaranam 1959-ll samsthaana maanejmentilekkum pinneedu 1973-ll parimithamaaya praveshana permitt samvidaanathilekkum parivartthanam cheythathaanu ennu thaarathamyena vyakthamaan. ennirunnaalum, praayogikamaaya badal vishadeekaranangal ellaayppozhum nilanilkkunnu.
saalman janasamkhyayil thalkshana vardhanavu kaanikkunna ettavum pradhanappetta maattam 1976-ll maagnoosan steevans act nadappakkappettu, athu alascan jalathinte adhikaraparidhi 12 mylil ninnu 200 mile paridhiyilekku maatti, eee american jalathinullil videsha kappalukale malsyabandhanathil ninnu phalapradamaayi ozhivaakki. salmon avarude kaattupoocha nadikalil athicheraan anuvadicha susthiramaaya raksha lakshyangal salmon swaabhaavikamaayi madangaanum punarulppaadippikkaanum anuvadichu, angane amithamaya malsyabandhanam, creak kolla, 1970 kalude thudakkathil nilaninnirunna gurutharamaaya thanutha shaityakaala thaapanila ennivayil ninnu vanya samvidaanangal veendedukkukayum krithrima vyaapanamillathe alaaskayiludaneelam kaanapedunna stokkukalude veendedukkalilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.
1971ll hatchery paripadi aarambhichathinal saalman mechappeduthuka ennathaanu palappozhum upayogikkunna oru vishadeekaranam. ennaal 1970kalude avasaanathil haacharikal puratthirangaan thudangunnathinu valare munbuthanne saalman veendedukkaan thudangi. 1970kalil record kuranja kaattu-stokku rannukalkku marupadiyaayi alaskayile aadhunika saalman haacharikal valare vaikiyaan vikasippicheduthath, athinaal eee chelaveria adisthaana soukaryangal nirmikkunnathil dasalakshakkanakkinu dollar pazhaakki. thudakkathil sarkkar nadathunna samvidaanangalaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna alasca general fund dollarukal upayogichaanu panam nalkiyirunnathu. innu mikka alascan haacharikalum ippol swakaarya laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna samghadanakalaanu nadathunnathenkilum avaa kaattunadikalilekku valia thothil vazhithettikkunnathinum kaattumrigangalumaayulla malsarathinum gurutharamaaya vivaadathilaanu. malsyabandhanam vardhippikkunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha oru padhathiyil alaskayil ippol 33 ulppaadana haacharikalundenkilum aarogyakaramaya vanyamrugangalude paripalanam marachuvekkunnu. chila haacharikal prathivarsham 100 dashalakshathiladhikam juvenile saalman puratthirakkunnu, ithu kaattupoochakalude kudiyettathodulla mardhanavumaayi malsarikkunnu. kazhinja dashakathil samsthaanathalathil prathivarsham 1.2 muthal 1.4 bilyan vareyaanu motham. kazhinja dashakathil, haacharikal prathivarsham <aii. dii. 2> dasalaksham muthirnnavare uthppaadippichu, ithu samsthaanavyaapaka vaanijya saalman vilaveduppil kuranja moolyamulla salmon <aii. dii. 1> aanu. eee salmonil 40 sathamaanavum muttakalkkayi maathram valicheriyukayum mrithadehangal valicheriyukayum cheiyunnu. uyarnna moolyamulla ishtappetta wilde sokki <aii. dii. 1> aanu, ithu swaabhaavikamaayi muttayidunna saalman kaattukalil ninnu varunna alasca samsthaanathinte moolyathinte bhooribhaagavum sambhavana cheiyunnu.
(chithram 2). samsthaanapadavi samayat nadappaakkiya nayangalum parimithamaaya permitt samvidaanathinte praveshanavum maagnoosan steevans niyamavum salmon anukoolikkunna kalavastha maattavum moolamaanu saalman janasamkhyayil vann vardhanavundaayathennu kaattupookkalude eee uyarnna sathamaanam kaanikkunnu. athinaal, american jalam samrakshikkunnathinulla prakrithidatha chakrangalum karsanamaaya maanejmentum veendedukkunna saalman janasamkhyayude vardhanavinu oru badal vishadeekaranamaanu.
aashankayude oharikal.
2000-nte avasaanathil alascan board oof fisheries aarr "aashankaajanakamaaya oharikal" thiricharinju, avaye vilavu aashankayullavayaayi tharamthirichu. vilavu nilanirthaano allengil koyth aavasyangalekkaal kooduthal vilavedukkaavunna micham nilanirthaano ulla vittumaaraatha kazhivillaayma (naalu muthal anchu varshathinullil, prathyeka maanejment nadapadikal upayogichittum) ennaanu ithine nirvachichirikkunnathu."
aashankappeduthunna mekhalakal.
yookkon nadhi.
muun varshangalile mosham oottam kaaranam 2001ll yookkon nadiyude alascan bhaagathe vaanijya malsyabandhanam nirtthivachu. yookkon nadiyude us/canada paanalinte 2006 leeii samyuktha saankethika samiti yookkon nadiyile chinook salmon valipavum lingaghadanayum rekhappeduthukayum malsyathinte roopaghadana maariyennathin "parimithavum ennaal nirddeshakaravumaaya" thelivukal kandethukayum cheythu. vaanijya vilaveduppinte sharashari bharam kurayuka, ettavum valia malsyathinte vyaapanathil kuravu, 8 vayass prayamaaya malsyangalude aprathyakshatha enniva nirddishta kandethalukalil ulppedunnu. mattoru pradhana alavaaya sharashari dairkhyam ganyamaayi mariyittillennum samiti report cheythu. protosovan rogakariyaaya (ecthiophonous ezz. pii.) chinook salmoninte shaareerika savisheshathakalile maattangalkk purame.), munbu yookkon nadiyil illaathirunna malsyangalude ennam vardhichuvaraan thudangi. 1988ll aadyamaayi report cheyyappetta paraannabhojikalude vyaapanam thudarchayaayi vardhichukondirunnu, ithu aii. dii. 1ll 40 shathamaanathilethunnathuvar. eee samayat rogabadhithamaaya malsyangalil 60 sathamaanam vare avaa vijayakaramaayi mulaykkunnathinu munbu marichathaayi report cheyyappettu. 2004 muthal chainook janasamkhyayil kuravundaayathinu samaantharamaayi anubaadhayude vyaapanam kuranju. eee maattangalude kaaranagal, paristhithi moolamaano malsyabandhanathaal prerithamaano ennathu vyakthamallathathinaal vipulamaaya nireekshanam aavasyamaanennu samiti kandethi.