
obudu

nigeriayile cross rivar stettile oru praadeshika sarkkar pradeshavum pattanavumaanu obudu. obudu ranch internaashanal moundan rays enna vaarshika parvathayaathra malsarathinu aathidheyathvam vahikkunna obudu moundan resort enna tourist resort eee pradeshathundu. varanda kaalaavasthayil kudivellakshamam srishticha obudu anakkettil ninnu thaazhekkaanu obudu pattanam. bebi vimaanathaavalathil ninnu ekadesham 17 kilometer akaleyulla eee pattanam cross rivarinte thalasthaanamaaya kalaabaril ninnu 6 manikkoor yaathrayund.
bhoomishaasthram.
obudu praadeshika sarkkar mekhalayude athirthikal vadakku benu samsthaanathile vandaikya kizhakk republic oof cameroonile akwaya commune thekkum padinjaarum bokki, bekwara ennee praadeshika sarkkar pradesangalumaanu. praadeshika sarkkar aasthaanam sthithicheyyunnathu "bette" vamshathilaan, "bette-bendy" kendra sthaanam vahikkunnu, koodaathe "yuke-aalaj" bhoomishaasthra-saamskaarika vyaapanathinte thekkan vyaapthi kaivashappeduthunnu. obanlikwu", "udanga-bechev", "uttugwang" enniva ippol oru swatantra obanlikwu praadeshika sarkkar mekhalayaanu.
charithram.
aafrikkayile aadyakaala charithram.
obudu jio-kalcharal eriyayil aarr vamshangalunda "bette", "obanlikwu", "bendy", "uttuwang", "ukpe-alej", "uttanga-bechev" ennivayellaam sakthamaaya bandhutwa samskaaramulla swatantra gramangalaayi abhivridhippettu. obudu janathayude uthbhavam anjjaathamaanu, ennirunnaalum avar kizhakode evideyo ninnu kudiyeri pathinettaam noottaandil avar thaamasichirunna sthalathethiyirikkaam. kudiyettatthinte ettavum janapriyamaaya paarambaryamaaya "ulanga aitihyam", innathe "amandakurekke" graamatthile oru parvathashikharamaaya "ulanga" yeei "udanga-bechev" vamshathil oru dvitheeya allengil orupakshe, thritheeya dispersal sentaraayi choondikkaanikkunnu. igeni" ennu vilikkappedunna oru samghathinte adhiniveshathiloode "ulanga" yill ninnu avare maattippaarppichathaayi kudumbangaliludaneelamulla paarambaryangalil aapekshikamaya samavaayamund."mriduvaaya mudi, neelamulla gaunukal dharichu, kunthangal kondu aayudhadhaarikalaaya, kuthirakalil kayarunna, karutha sevakarude valia anuyaayikalulla ilam charmmamulla aalukalayi ithine visheshippichu. ivar "phulani", "chamba" allengil porchugees adima aakramanakaarikalaayirikkaamana nilavilulla saahityangal soochippikkunnu, avarude moonnu saamraajyathva paryaveshanangalum 18-aamm noottaandilum 19-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathilum uyarnnathayi rekhappeduthiyittundu.
mattoru vivaranam soochippikkunnathu obuduvinte poorvvikar cameroon raajyathile "onikal" ennu oormmikkappedunna oru sthalathu athiyappol, "ulanga" yilek pookunnathinumumbu, avide ninnu igeni avare chitharichu. bendy" vamshathinte parambaraagatha vivaranagal report cheiyunnathu avar chitharal pooyintaaya "ulanga" yilek pookunnathinu munbu "ukwell yunokel" (parvvatham "yunokel" ennu vivarthanam cheyyappedunnu) ll hrasvamaayi thaamasichu ennaanu. onikal", "ukwell yunokel" enniva ore sthalathe soochippikkaan saadhyathayund. mattu oormmakal soochippikkunnathu avarkkum avarude bekwara ayalkkarkkum idayil oru pankitta uthbhavam undennaanu, avare avar charitraparamaaya "sahodaranmaar" aayi kanakkakkunnu. paraspara bodhapoorvamaaya bhaashaabhedangal ulppede niravadhi saamskaarika samanathakal eee saadhyathaye shakthippeduthunnu. melpparanjavayude velichathil, purathana kwararafa saamraajyavumaayi bekwarayk sakthamaaya bandhamundennu vishwasikkunnuvenkil, kudiyettatthinte obudu paarambaryangalil paraamarsikkunna sthaanachalanathinu pathinettaam noottaandile kwaararafayude vighadanavum janasamkhyayude vyaapanavumayi bandhamundennu karuthappedunnu.
eee oormmakalil asamathvamaayi thonnunnathu vishwasaneeyamaaya praadhamika, dvitheeya dispersal pooyintukal nedunnathinu eluppathil samanvayippikkaan kazhiyum. enthaayaalum, athinte vamshangalude paraspara bodhapoorvamaaya bhaashaabhedangalile neriya vyathiyaanam, pilarnna kootta prasthaanam, prathyeka deshaadana anubavangal, athicherunna samayathe naamamaathramaaya vyathiyaanam ennivaye soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, 18-aamm noottaandil kizhakkan bandu maathrraajyathil ninnu kudiyeriya obudu vamshakkaar thangal thaamasichirunna pradeshatthinte udamasthaavakaasham etteduthirunnu ennathaanu tharkkamillaathathaayi thonnunnathu.
aadhunika charithram.
britiish koloniyalisatthinte varavode, aarr obudu vamshangal audyogikamaayi kizhakkan nigeriayile annathe ogoja pravisyayil samyojippikkappettu. 1960ll naijeeriyayude swaathanthryathinum 1976ll praadeshika sarkkar avalokana commission sheshavum obudu oru svayambharana praadeshika sarkkar kaunsilaayi maari. athinusesham cross rivar stettile pathinettu thaddeshabharana pradeshangalil onnaayi ithu thudarunnu. cross rivar obudu praadeshika sarkkar pradeshathe model skoolinaayi videsha yogyathayulla adhyaapakare niyamichu.

