
vadakkan thaay bhasha

 thaaylandile laanayile vadakkan thaay janathayude bhaashayaan kaam muyang () allengil vadakkan thaay bhasha (). thaay lue bhashayumaayi adutha bandhamullah thekkupadinjaaran thaay bhaashayaanith. ekadesham aarr dasalaksham samsaarikkunnavarum avaril bhooribhaagavum vadakkan thaaylandil thaamasikkunnavarumaya kaam muyaangil vadakkupadinjaaran lavosile cheria samudaayam laana samsaarikkunnu.
eee bhasha samsarikkunnavar saadhaaranayaayi "thaay yuwan" enna peru nindyamaayi kanakkakkunnu. avar svayam '(, Конемое,-aksharaarthatthil "nagaravaasikal" ennartham varunna "muyaangile aalukal"), laana allengil vadakkan thaay ennu vilikkunnu. eee bhasha chilappol '(bhasha,),' vadakkupadinjaaran (samsaram) 'ennum vilikkunnu.
pazhaya thaay lue aksharamalayumaayum lavo mathaparamaya aksharamalayumaayum adutha bandhamullah vadakkan thaayiyude vyathirikthamaya thaay tham aksharamaalaykk yuwan enna padam ippozhum upayogikkunnu. parambaraagatha aksharamalayaayi ariyappedunna 'dhaa' enna vaakkinte upayogam ippol budhakshethrangalil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirikku, avide niravadhi pazhaya prabhaashana kayyezhuthuprathikal ippozhum sajeevamaayi upayogathilundu. parambaraagatha aksharamalayile saahithyathinte sajeevamaaya uthppaadanam illa, ezhuthu cheyyumbol saadhaarana thaay lipi eppozhum upayogikkunnu. aadhunika samsara roopathe vilikkunnu. parambaraagatha reethiyil ithu ezhuthunnathil thaalpparyatthinte punarujjeevanamund, ennaal aadhunika uchaaranam spelling niyamangalil nirddeshichittullathil ninnu vyathyasthamaan.
vargeekaranam.
vadakkan thaayiye chiang saine bhashakalilonnaayi tharamthirickunnu-mattullava thaay, thekkan thaay, niravadhi cheria bhashakal, vadakkupadinjaaran thaay, lavo-futtaay bhashakal enniva chernnu thaay bhaashakalude thekkupadinjaaran shaakhayaanu. hainan, gwangsey ennividangalil ninnu lavos, vadakkan vietnaam muthal cambodian athirthi vare samsaarikkunna dhaaraalam thaddesheeya bhashakal ulkkollunna kraa-dhaay bhasha kudumbatthinte oru shaakhayaanu thaay bhashakal.
poornnamaayum vamshavali veekshanakonil ninnu nokkumbol, mikka bhaashaashaasthranjarum vadakkan thaayiye lavo allengil isaan ennathinekkaal central thaayiyumayi kooduthal adutha bandhamullathayi kanakkakkunnu, ennaal charithrathiludaneelam lavo, central thaay enniva eee bhasha valareyadhikam swaadheenichittundu. ellah thekkupadinjaaran thaay bhaashakalum moorchayulla vibhajanarekhakal ulla, erekkure parasparam manassilakkaavunna enangalude oru yojicha bhasha thudarchayaanu roopappeduthunnathu. ennirunnaalum, thaaylandiludaneelam samsaarikkappedunna vidyaabhyaasathinteyum sarkkaarinteyum pradhana bhasha staanderd thaayiyaayathinaal vadakkan thaaya innu central thayland bhashayumaayi kooduthal adukkukayaanu. 
perukal.
vadakkan thaay bhaashaykk vadakkan thaay, thaay, mattu thaay bhashakalil vividha perukalundu. 
charithram.
thaay kudiyettam.
vadakkan thaay janathayude poorvvikar thekkupadinjaaran thaay bhaashaabhedangal samsaarikkunnavaraayirunnu, avaa ippol thekkukizhakkan chainayil ninnu kudiyeri, prathyekichu ippol gwangsey, vadakkan vietnaam ennividangalil ninnu, vividha thaay bhaashakalude vaividhyam "urheemat" soochippikkunnu. thekkupadinjaaran thaay bhashakal thaay bhaashakalude vadakkan, madhya shaakhakalil ninnu vyathichalikkan thudangi, pradhaanamaayum vividha suwang bhashakalaal moodappettirunna eiii. dii. 112 oode, pakshe aaram noottaandode poortthiyaayi. hahn chainees sainikarudeyum kudiyettakkaarudeyum varavu, viyatnaamile chainees adhiniveshathinte avasaanam, jiyashiyude pathanam, tang raajavamshathinte thakarchayum pathanavumaayi bandhapetta prakshubdhathayum thekkupadinjaaran thaay samsaarikkunna chila thaay janataye thekkukizhakkan eshyayilekku palayanam cheyyaan kaaranamaayi, ettaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayilaanu pradhaanamaayum cheria thothilulla kudiyettam nadannathu. thaayikal vibhajikkukayum pradhana nadeethadangal pinthudarukayum cheythu, poorvvika vadakkan thaayikal uthbhavichath mccong nadiye pinthudarnna thaay kudiyettakkaaril ninnaan.
indian raajyangalude.
vadakkan thaaylandile janangalude poorvvikar ezhaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil nilaninnirunna aadyakaala rajyamaaya engoyenyang innathe vadakkan thaaylandilulla fayavo polulla cheria raajyangalum sthaapichu. harifunchaay rajyathodu chernnulla pradeshangalil avar sthirathaamasamaakki, moonn samsaarikkunna aalukalumayi sanbarkkam pulartthi, avarude ezhuthu sambradaayam oduvil vadakkan thaay bhasha thaay tham lipiyayi sweekarichu. pathimoonnaam noottaandil mangray rajaavu eee pradeshangalude niyanthranam ekeekarikkukayum laan naa raajyam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. pathinanjaam noottaandil, vadakkan thaay bhashayil ezhuthiya eenthappana kayyezhuthuprathikalude samriddhiyum paali, budhamatha soochaka padaavalikalumaayi chitharikkidakkunnathumaya thaay taamil ezhuthiya eenthappana kayyezhuthuprathikal upayogichu thilokarath rajaavu vadakkan thaay saahityathinu oru suvarnna kaalaghattatthinu thudakkamittu.
thaay keezhuthaan.
1775ll laambaangile kavila sayamese sahaayathode kalapam nadathukayum 200 varshathe barmees bharanam avasaanippichu nagaram pidichedukkukayum cheythu. laambaanginte rajakumaaranaayum fraya chaban chiang maayiyude rajakumaaranaayum kavilaye niyamichirunnu, iruvarum sayaamte saamanthanmaaraayirunnu. 1899-ll siam vadakkan thaay naatturajyangal pidichadakki, paramadhikaara poshakaraajyangal enna padavi phalapradamaayi illaathaakki.
1921leeii nirbandhitha vidyaabhyaasa niyamam vidoora pradeshangale siamese niyanthranathilaakkaanulla shramathil schoolukalum shethrangalum central thaay (staanderd thaay) ozhikeyulla bhashakal upayogikkunnathu nirodhichu. vadakkan thaayiye prabhashanangalil upayogichathinu khruba sreevichaayiyeppolulla swaadheenamulla mathanethaakkale jayililadachathode vadakkan thaayiye pothumekhalayil ninnu tharamthaazhthappettu. 1940-kalil, padikkunnathinum central thaayiye anthassinte bhashayaayi upayogikkunnathinum ulla praadhaanyam shakthippeduthunna thaay saamskaarika utharavukal adhikaarikal prakhyaapichu.
eee saambathikavum vidyaabhyaasaparavumaaya sammarddangal vadakkan thaay polulla mattu praadeshika bhaashakalkk dosham varuthunna tharatthil staanderd thaayiyude upayogam vardhippichu. innu, vadakkan thaaylandile kooduthal vikasithavum nagaravalkkarikkappettathum pradeshangalil, prathyekichu vadakkan thaaylandile kooduthal vidoora pradeshangalil vadakkan thaayiyude prathyeka upayogam ippozhum nilanilkkumbol, saadhaaranayaayi saadhaarana thaayiyumayi coode-switch cheythirikkunnu.
bhashakal.
tanajiravat (2018) thaay yuwan bhasha swara vibhajanavum layanareethikalum adisthaanamaakki anchu pradhana bhasha grouppukalaayi tharamthirikkunnu. (proto-thaay <aii. dii. 1> ennathum kaanuka)
phonology.
vyanjanaksharangal.
prarambha vyanjanaksharangal.
vadakkan thaay vyanjanaaksharangalude pattika lavoic samaanamaan; rund bhashakalkkum shabdavum kuravumundu.
prarambha vyanjanaaksharangalude koottangal.
thaarathamyena saadhaaranamaaya rund vyanjanakshara koottangalunda
nashtappedunna prakriyayilaanenkilum, kurachukoodi pathivayi rekhappeduthiyittulla mattu niravadhi klasttarukalum undu
avasana vyanjanaksharangal.
ellah plossive shabdangalum purathirangiyitla. athinaal, avasaanavum shabdangalum yathaakramam,,, enningane ucharikkappedunnu.
svaraaksharangal.
vadakkan thaay bhaashayude adisthaana svaraaksharangal saadhaarana thaay svaraaksharangalkku samaanamaan. avaa, munnil ninnu pinnilekkum thurakkunnathinodu aduthum, inipparayunna pattikayil nalkiyirikkunnu. oro koshatthileyum mukalile entry 'dhaa' enna chinnathil ninnullathaanu, randaamathe entry thaay aksharamalayile spelling nalkunnu, avide oru dash (-) swaraaksharam ucharikkunna prarambha vyanjanaaksharathinte sthaanathe soochippikkunnu. randaamathe dash soochippikkunnathu oru anthima vyanjanaksharam pinthudarendathundu ennaanu.
svarangal oronnum hrasvamaaya neelamulla jodikalilaanu nilanilkkunnath iva vadakkan thaayiyil bandhamillaattha padangal roopappeduthunna vyathyastha shabdangalaanu, ennaal saadhaaranayaayi ore lipyantharanam cheyyappedunnu Âa ("khaavo") ennaal "avaa/avaa", Âa ("khaavo") ennaal "veluthathu" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu.
hrasvamaaya neelamulla jodikal thaazhepparayunnavayaanu
adisthaana svaraaksharangal difthongukalaayi samyojippikkaam. swaram nirnnayikkunnathinaayi, nakshatrachihnam kondu adayaalappeduthiyava chilappol neelamullathaayi tharamthirikkunnu
koodaathe, moonnu tribhujangalundu, swaram nirnnayikkunnathinaayi, nakshatrachihnam kondu adayaalappeduthiyava chilappol neelamullathaayi tharamthirikkunnu
allophoneukal.
thaazhepparayunna bhagam pradhaanamaayum vadakkan thaayile naan bhashayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
tonukal.
vadakkan thaayile chiang maayi bhashayil aarr shabdaswarangalundu thaazhnna-uyarunna, thaazhnna-veezhunna, glottel klosarulla uyarnna-level, madhya-level, uyarnna-veezhunna, uyarnna-uyarnna. allengil thaazhnna-uyarunna, madhya-thaazhnna, uyarnna-veezhunna, madhya-uyarnna, veezhunna, uyarnna uyarnna-veezhunna
minusamarnna aksharangalil contrastive tonukal.
chuvadeyulla pattika chiang mye, naan ennee bhaashaabhedangalile aarr shabdaswarangal minusamarnna aksharangalil avatharippikkunnu, athaayath.iii. [m], [n], [ng], [w], [j] thudangiya sonarant shabdangalil avasaanikkunna adanja aksharangalum thuranna aksharangalum. chiang mye bhaashayile aarr svarangalude shabdaparamaaya saakshaathkaarathekkurich srothassukal yojichittilla. rund srothassukale adisthaanamaakkiyulla vivarangal pattika avatharippikkunnu, onnu gedney (1999), mattonn vadakkan thaay-thaay nighanduvaaya laana nighanduvil (2007) ninnullathaanu. 1999ll prasidheekarichenkilum, chiang meyile oru prabhashakanil ninnu 1964ll shekharicha vivarangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu chiang maay bhaashayekkurichulla gedneyude vivarangal (p. 725). oraalude jeevithakaalathinullil tonukal mariyekkaam (udha.jii.kazhinja 100 varshamaayi bancock thaay tonukal maari), gedney (1999) yill ninnulla aarr tonukalekkurichulla vivarangal jaagrathayode pariganikkanam.
tonukalkkulla gedney boxukal vivaranagalkk thaazhe kaanichirikkunnu.
parishodhicha aksharangalil contrastive tonukal.
chuvadeyulla pattika check cheytha aksharangalil naalu phonomic tonukal avatharippikkunnu, athaayath.iii. clossed silabilukal oru glottel stoppil avasaanikkunnu [γ] koodaathe [p], [t], [k] thudangiya thadassappeduthunna shabdangalum.
vyakaranam.
vadakkan thaayiyude vyakaranam mattu thayland bhashakalumaayi saamyamullathaan. vishayam palappozhum ozhivaakkappedunnunde kramam enna vaakk vishaya-kriya-vasthuvaan. saadhaarana thaay pole, vadakkan thaay sarvanaamangalum samsaarikkunnavarudeyum prekshakarudeyum lingabhedam, aapekshika nila enniva anusarichu thiranjedukkunnu.
naamavaachakangalum kriyaavisheshanangalum.
kriyaavisheshanangalum naamavaachakangalum thammil roopashaasthraparamaaya vyathyasamilla. rund pravarthanangalilum niravadhi vaakkukal upayogikkaam. avar parishkkarikkunna vaakkinte pingamiyaayi avar maarunnu, athu oru namam, kriya allengil mattoru naamavachakam allengil kriyaaviseshanam aakam. 
naamavachakangal poornnamaaya pravachanangalayi upayogikkamennathinaal, kriyakalil kaalathe soochippikkaan upayogikkunna niravadhi vaakkukal (kriyakal kaanuka thaazhe vasham) naamavisheshathakale vivarikkan upayogikkaam.
kriyakal.
kriyakal swaadheenikkunnilla. avaa vyakthi, pirimurukkam, shabdam, maanasikavastha allengil ennam ennivaykkanusarichu marunnilla; pankaalithangalonnum illa.
kriyaykk munbu/оdan (, ") cherkkunnathiloodeyaanu nishkriya shabdam soochippikkunnathu. udaaharanathina
vipareeta ardham ariyikkaan, oru avasaram varunnuvenna bodham upayogikkunnu,/<unk> ("daayi", "qaan"). udaaharanathina
kriyaykk munbu β ("booar", allengil allah) sthaapichaanu nishedham soochippikkunnathu.
kriyaykk munbo sheshamo ulla vashachihnangal vazhiyaan vasham ariyikkunnath.
vashangal adayaalappeduthenda aavasyamilla.
attu chaa" (/āaːd̃), "naa chaa" (/̃aːd̃), "khuvaan chaa" (/Âqār̃), "tung" (/ÂẪ̃) enniva baadhyathaye soochippikkunna padangalil ulppedunnu.
oraal thirakkilaayirikkunna pravartthanangal soochippikkaan kazhiyum мауга ("muwa qaa",).
enthengilum cheyyaanulla aagraham prakadippikkunna vaakkukalkk "khaay" (<unk>), "qaan" (<unk>) enniva soochippikkaan kazhiyum.
"(/<unk>,) entho aayirikkunnuvenno oru prathyeka gunamulluvenno ulla bhaavamo samvedanamo nalkaan upayogikkunnu. 
avasana kanikakal.
vadakkan thaayiykk vyathyastha pravarthanangalulla niravadhi anthima kanangalund.
chodyam cheyyal kanikakal.
ettavum saadhaaranamaaya chila chodyam cheyyal kanikakal '(/γ,)' (/γ,)
anivaryamaaya kanikakal.
chila anivaarya kanikakal (λο), (διρ), (τιτ) ennivayaanu.
"(/Âll,)
"(/<unk>,)
"(/Âi/Â)
"(<unk>/<unk> <unk>,)
manyamaaya kanikakal.
manyamaaya kanangalil (κεB), (δε) enniva ulppedunnu.
namangal.
namangal thiranjedukkappedaathum lingabhedamillaathathumaanu; lekhanangalilla.
namangal ekavachanamo bahuvachanamo allah. chila nirddishta namangal koottukal roopappeduthunnathinaayi erattiyaakkunnu/λαν (', child) palappozhum oru koottam kuttikale soochippikkunnathinu λανεν (',) ennu aavarthikkunnu.
thaazhepparayunna vaakk bahuvachanamaakkaano oonnipparayaano oru koottaayi oru naamatthinteyo sarvanaamathinteyo prefix aayi/ωmumу (',) enna vaakk upayogikkaam. (/момом, ', "njangal" (exclusive), pullinga;/момонеча', oonnipparanju "njangal";/момома ', (dhaa) naaykkal ").
naama-samkhya-vargeekaranathinte roopathil alavedukkunna padangalaayi upayogikkunna vargeekaranangal cherkkunnathiloodeyaanu bahuvachanangal prakadippikkunnathu.
sarvanaamangal.
inipparayunna vaakyangalile sarvanaamam aadya vaakyathil ninnu vyathyasthamallengil, aadya vaakyathil ithinakam sthaapichittundenkil sarvanaamangal ozhivakkaam. speaker randaamathe vyakthiyumayi nerittu samsaarikkukayaanenkil "ningal" enna sarvanaamavum ozhivakkaam. koodaathe, perukal sarvvanaamangale maattisthaapikkukayum avaykku aadya vyakthi ekavachana sarvanaamathe polum maattisthaapikkaanum kazhiyum.
padavali.
vadakkan thaay saadhaarana thaayiyumayi dhaaraalam padasanchayam pankidunnu, prathyekichu shaasthreeya padangal, avaa samskrithathil ninnum paali bhashayil ninnum niravadhi prefixukalum suffixukalum varaykkunnu, koodaathe ithinu athintethaaya vyathirikthamaya vaakkukalum undu. thaayiyeyum lavo pole vadakkan thaayiyum khemar, samskritham, paali ennivayil ninnu kadamedutha niravadhi vaakkukal kadameduthittundu.
ezhuthu samvidaanam.
nilavil, vadakkan thaay ezhuthaan vyathyastha lipikalaanu upayogikkunnathu. vadakkan thaayiye parambaraagathamaayi thaay tham lipiyilaan ezhuthunnathu, ithine vadakkan thaayiyil '(τττ′′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ennirunnaalum, thaddesheeya bhasha samsarikkunnavar nilavil parambaraagatha lipiyil nirakshararaanu; athinaal, avar bhasha ezhuthaan thaay lipi upayogikkunnu. lavosil, vadakkan thaay ezhuthaan lavo lipi saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu.
vadakkan thaay ezhuthaan thaay lipi upayogikkumbol chila prasnangal undaakunnu. prathyekichum, saadhaarana thaay lipiykk ellah vadakkan thaay tonukalum transcribe cheyyaan kazhiyilla. vadakkan thaayile rund veezhunna tonukal thaayile orotta veezhunna tonumaayi poruthappedunnu. prathyekichum, vadakkan thaayiyil rund tharam veezhunna tonukalunda uyarnna-veezhunna toonn (), veezhunna toonn (). ennirunnaalum, uyarnna toonn () illaatha rund veezhunna tonukal thammilulla vyathyasam thaayiyil illa. vadakkan thaay tonukal ezhuthaan thaay lipi upayogikkumbol, rund veezhunna tonukalude vyathyasam nashtappedunnu, kaaranam thaay lipic thaazhnna veezhunna tonine () maathrame soochippikkaan kazhiyoo. udaaharanathinu, thaayiyil ezhuthumbol (γα (γα)) "dheeranaakuka"), (γ (γ) "moolyam") enniva thammilulla tonel vyathyasam nashtappedunnu, kaaranam (γα) maathram anuvadaneeyamaanu. thathfalamaayi, "dheeranaakuka", "moolyam" enniva ardhamaakkunnathinaal "gaga" ennathinte ardham avyakthamaanu. athupole, (̃) "chihnam"), (̃) "nashtappeduka") ennivaykku ore prashnamund, (̃) maathrame anuvadikkoo. thalphalamaayi, aksharavinyasam avyakthamaanu, kaaranam ithu "adayaalam" allengil "nashtappeduka" ennu ardhamaakkaam. bhasha vadakkan thaay lipiyil ezhuthumbol atharam swara samyojana avyakthatha ozhivaakkunnu.
vadakkan thaayiyum staanderd thaayiyum.
vadakkan thaayiyum staanderd thaayiyum thammilulla vyathyaasangal chuvadeyulla pattikakal avatharippikkunnu.
vyathyasthamaaya shabdangal.
vadakkan thaayiyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, staanderd thaayiyil paalattal nassel shabdam (/̃/) illa. athinaal, vadakkan thaayile paalattal nassel shabdavum (/̃/) paalattal ekadesha shabdavum (/j/) staanderd thaayile paalattal ekadesha shabdavumaayi poruthappedunnu
vadakkan thaayiyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, staanderd thaayiyil uyarnna toonn illa ([<unk>]). vadakkan thaayile uyarnna veezhunna swaravum ([̃]) veezhunna swaravum ([̃]) staanderd thaayile ([̃]) veezhunna svaravumaayi poruthappedunnu.
vyathyasthamaaya vaakkukal.
staanderd thaayiyil ninnu niravadhi vaakkukal valare vyathyasthamaan
samanamaaya vaakkukal.
vadakkan thaayiyudeyum staanderd thaayiyudeyum svarangal thammil neraaya oru parasparabandhamilla. staanderd thaayikkayulla layippicha gedney toonn boxukalil ninnum chiang maayiyude uchaaranathil ninnum kaanaan kazhiyunnathupole ithu prarambha vyanjanaaksharatheyum aasrayichirikkunnu
nirakal thammilulla samanathakal chiang mye uchaaranathinte savisheshathakalaanennu shradhikkuka. maruvashathu, varikal thammilulla bandhangal vadakkan thaayiyude savisheshathayaanu, kuranjathu chiang mye, chiang raay, fayavo,
naan, prey, kuranjathu tack, thaay khuyeninte pazhaya 6-toonn uchaaranam vare vyaapippikkuka, chiang raayiyude check cheytha aksharangal kooduthal sankeernamaanu.
oru toonn boxinte praadhamika pravartthanam vyuthpathiyaanu. ennirunnaalum, thaay, lanna, puthiya thaay lue, lavo, thaay daam lipikal upayogikkunna pradhana thaay bhasha ezhuthu samvidaanangalude kaaryatthilennapole, ezhuthu samvidaanam adisthaanaparamaayi vyuthpathiyaayirikkum swara soochanaykkulla niyamangalude sangrahamaayum ithu pravartthikkunnu.
chila vaakkukal saadhaarana swarathinte kathidapaadukalude falamaayi maathram vyathyaasappedunnu
mattu toonn vyathyaasangal pravachanatheethamaanu, udaaharanathina
chila vaakkukal orotta shabdathilum anubandha swarathilum vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. pala vaakkukalilum paranjaal, staanderd thaayile prarambha ρ (/r/) vadakkan thaayile χ (/h/)-maayi poruthappedunnu
prarambha vyanjanaaksharangalude aakamksha.
thaazhnna klaas vyanjanakshara groupile chila aspirated vyanjanaksharangal (<unk>/γαk.s ̃n.saadhaarana thaayiyil taam/) vadakkan thaayiyile aaveshamillaatha shabdangalumaayi poruthappedunnu. eee shabdangalil yathaakramam κ, κ, τ, λ (/k/,/t̃h/,/th/,/ph/) enniva ulppedunnu, ennaal κ, κr, χ, χ, χ, χ, χ (/kh/,/kh/,/th/,/fr/,/ph/enniva yathaakramam aakaamshayode thudarunnu. vadakkan thaayiyil aspirated allatha atharam aspirated vyanjanaksharangal proto-thaayile aspirated shabdangalumaayi poruthappedunnu, avaa yathaakramam * γ, * ′, * d, * b (κ, κ, τ, π) ennivayaanu.:
pakshe illah
saadhaarana thaayiyile niravadhi aspirated vyanjanaksharangal palappozhum vadakkan thaayile aspirated shabdangalumaayi poruthappedunnunde, aspirated vyanjanaaksharathe pinthudarumbol aspirated vyanjanaksharam aspirated aakunnu