
irumbu (II, III) ooksaid

ayann (II, III) ooksaid allengil black ayann ooksaid, phee3oo4 enna soothravaakyamulla raasa samyukthamaanu. ithu prakrithiyil magnettaitt enna dhaatu aayi kaanapedunnu. ithu niravadhi irumbu ooksaidukalil onnaanu, mattullava irumbu (ii) apoorvamaaya ooksaid (fio), irumbu (iii) ooksaid (phee 2 oo 3) enniva swaabhaavikamaayi dhaatu hemattaittaayi kaanapedunnu. ithil phee2 +, phee3 + ionukal adangiyirikkunnu, chilappol phee2oo3 ennu roopappeduthunnu. eee irumbu ooksaid oru karutha podiyaayi laboratariyil kaanapedunnu. ithu sthiramaaya kaanthikatha prakadippikkukayum ferrimagnetic aakukayum cheiyunnu, pakshe chilappol pheromagnetic ennu thettayi visheshippikkappedunnu. karutha pigmentayittaanu ithinte ettavum vipulamaaya upayogam (kaanuka maars black). eee aavashyathinaayi, swaabhaavikamaayi undaakunna daathukkalil ninnu verthirichedukkunnathinum ithu samanvayippichirikkunnu, kaaranam kanangalude valupavum aakruthiyum ulppaadana reethi anusarichu vyathyaasappedaam.
thayyaareduppu.
choodaakkiya irumbu lohangal neeravi upayogichu prathipravartthichu irumbu ooksaidum hydrajan vaathakavum undaakkunnu.
<ce> 3effe + 4echu2oo-> effe3oo4 + 4echu2 </ce>
vaayurahithamaya saahacharyangalil, ferres hydroxide (phee (ooo) 2) vellam upayogichu ooksidais cheyth maagnettaittum molecular hydrajan undakkaam. eee prakriya shikor prathikaranam vivarikkunnu
amorphus ferres hydroxidenekkaal (phee (ooo) 2) thermodynamicamaayi kooduthal sthirathayullathinaal kristalin magnettaitt (phee 3 oo 4) ithu pravartthikkunnu.
magnettaitt oru ferrofluidaayi thayyarakkunnathinulla massart reethi laboratariyil soukaryapradamaanu irumbu (ii) chloride irumbum (iii) soodiyam hydroxidinte saannidhyathil chloride kalarthuka.
sodiyathinte prasnakaramaaya avashishtangal illaathe magnettaitt thayyarakkunnathinulla kooduthal kaaryakshamamaya oru reethi, irumbu chlorideukalil ninnulla raasa saha-vardhanavu prothsaahippikkunnathi amonia upayogikkuka ennathaanu ekadesham 2000 arpmil sakthamaaya elakkathode 0.01 meter feckle3·6echu2oo, feckle2·4echu2oo ennivayude aadya mishrita laayanikal. fecl3: fecl2-nte mollar anupatham ekadesham 2:1 aayirikkanam. misritham 70 digri selshyasilekku choodaakkuka, thudarnnu elakkivilakkunna vegatha ekadesham 7500 arpmilekku uyarthuka, vegathil enh4oechu (10 vooliyam%) enna layani cherkkuka. kaanthikakanangalude irunda avakshepanam udan roopappedunnu.
rund reethikalilum, acidic irumbu ayonukale piechu 10 allengil athil kooduthal vegathayil spinnel irumbu ooksaid gadanayilekku druthagathiyil parivartthanam cheiyunnathine mazhayude prathikaranam aasrayikkunnu.
magnettaitt naanoparttikkilukale roopeekaranam niyanthrikkunnath velluvilikal avatharippikkunnu magnettaitt spinal ghadana srishtikkunnathinu aavashyamaaya prathikaranangalum ghatta parivartthanangalum sankeernamaanu. ayann ooksaid magnettaitt naanoparttikkilukal nilavil upayogikkunna gadolinium adisthaanamaakkiyulla kontraast ejantukalkku visharahithamaaya badal avatharippikkunna magnettaitt kanikakal magnetic resonance imaging (emm. aarr. aii) polulla bio sayans aaplikkeshanukalil thaalpparyamullathinaal eee vishayam praayogika praadhaanyamullathaanu. ennirunnaalum, kanangalude roopeekaranam niyanthrikkunnathile budhimuttukal, superparamagnetic magnettaitt kanangalude thayyaareduppine ippozhum paraajayappedutthunnu, athaayath 0 a/m enna balaprayogamulla magnettaitt naanoparttikkilukal, athaayath baahya kaanthikakshethrathinte abhaavathil avaykku avayude sthiramaaya kaanthikatha poornnamaayum nashtappedunnu. nanocysed magnettaitt kanangalude ettavum cheria moolyam nilavil "echsi" = 8.8 am−1 aanu, athesamayam synthetic magnettaittinte ettavum valia magnettaiseshan moolyam 87 am2 kilogram−1 aanu.
synthetic magnettaitt ennu vilikkappedunna pigment gunanilavaaramulla phee3oo4, vyaavasaayika maalinyangal, irumbu scrap allengil irumbu lavanangal adangiya laayanikal (udha.jii. urukkinte assid vaatt treatment (achaar) polulla vyaavasaayika prakriyakalil upolppannangalayi uthppaadippikkunnava):
hydrajan upayogichu fe2o3 kuraykkuka
qoo upayogichu phee2oo3 kuraykkuka
udaaharanathinu, fei, fei lavanangalude mishrithangal eduthu aalkkaliyumaayi kalarthi colloydal phee3oo4 vardhikkunnathiloode naano kanangalude uthpaadanam raasaparamaayi nadatthaam. prathikarana saahacharyangal prakriyaykku nirnaayakamaan, kanangalude valuppam nirnnayikkunnu.
irumbu (ii) carbonate thaapaparamaayi irumbaayi vighadippikkaanum kazhiyum (ii, iii):
prathikaranangal.
urukk ulppaadana prakriyayude bhaagamaayi irumbu ulppaadippikkaan oru spotana choolayile kanthika ayiru qoo upayogichu kuraykkunnu
braun pigment gunanilavaaramulla γ-fe2o3 (magmite) utppaadippikkaan fe3o4-nte niyantritha ooksideshan upayogikkunnu
kooduthal sakthamaaya calsining (vaayuvil varuth) chuvanna pigmentinte gunanilavaaram α-fe2o3 (hemattait) nalkunnu
ghadana.
ellah phee2 + ionukalum octahedral saittukalude pakuthiyum ulkkollunna ooksaid ayonukalude oru cubic closs paaykk cheytha nira ulkkollunna oru cubic invezhs spinal group gadanayaanu phee3oo4-nuu ullathu, koodaathe phee3 + sheshikkunna octahedral saittukalilum tetrahedral saittukalilum thulyamaayi vibhajikkappettirikkunnu.
feoic γ-fe2o3 num samanamaaya cubic closs piked ooksaid ayonukalundu, eee prathikaranangal mothatthilulla ghadanayil thaarathamyena cheria maattam varuthunnathinaal ooksideshanum kuravum moolam moonnu samyukthangal thammilulla ready interchangeabilitic ithu kaaranamaakunnu. phee3oo4 saambilukal noonn-stoikiyometrik aakam.
octahedral saittukalile pheyi, pheyi ayonukalude electron spinukal jodiyaakkukayum tetrahedral saittukalile pheyi ayonukalude spinukal jodiyaakkukayum cheiyunnathinaal pheyi3oo4-nte ferrimagnettism uyarnnuvarunnu, pakshe aadyathethinu samaantharamaanu. rund settukaludeyum kanthika sambhavanakal santhulithamallennum sthiramaaya kaanthikathayundennum aanu motham phalam.
urukia avasthayil, pareekshanaathmakamaayi parimithappedutthiya modalukal kaanikkunnath irumbu ionukal sharashari 5 ooksijan ayonukalumaayi ekopippichirikkunnu ennaanu. draavaka avasthayil ekopana kendrangalude vitharanamundu, faiyum faiyum bhooribhaagavum 5-coordinate cheythathum 4-umm 6-umm madangu coordinated irumbinte ooksijan, nyoonapaksha janasamkhya ennivayumaayi ekopippichirikkunnu.
swathukkal.
oru curie thapanilayulla ferry magnetic aanu phee3oo4. ghadana, chalakatha, kanthika gunangal ennivayil oru vichedanam ulla verway transition ennu vilikkunna oru ghatta parivarthanamundu. eee prabhavam vipulamaayi anweshikkappettittund, vividha vishadeekaranangal nirddeshikkappettindum athu poornnamaayum manassilakkappettilla.
irumbu lohathekkaal (96.1 nω m) valare uyarnna vaidyutha prathirodhasheshiyullappol, fe3o4-nte vaidyutha prathirodhasheshi (0.3 mω m) fe2o3-nekkaal (ekadesham kω m) ganyamaayi kuravaanu. phee3oo4 leeii fei, fei kendrangal thammilulla electron kaimattamaanu ithinu kaaranam.
upayogikkunnu.
effe3oo4 oru karutha pigmentaayi upayogikkunnu, ithu "sii" ennariyappedunnu.aii pigment black 11 "(sii.aii. no.77499) allengil maars black.
haber prakriyayilum jala-vathaka shift prathikaranatthilum oru uthejakamaayi phee3oo4 upayogikkunnu. randaamathethu chromium ooksaid sthirappeduthunna irumbu ooksaidinte oru echu. tii. ezz (uyarnna thaapanila shift kaattalist) upayogikkunnu. eee irumbu-crome kaattalist reactor startil kuraykkunnu, ithu α-fe2o3 ll ninnu fe3o4 umm, cr2o3 muthal chro3 vareyum uthpaadippikkunnu.
thurumbukalil ninnu steel samrakshikkunnathinaayi steelinte uparithalathil phee3oo4 enna oru paali ulppaadippikkunna oru nishkriya prakriyayaan bluing. sulfurinum aluminiyathinumoppam steel cutting thermaittile oru gadakamaanithu.
medical upayogangal.
emm. aarr. aii scanningle kontraast ejantukalaayi phee3oo4-nte naano kanikakal upayogikkunnu.
vittumaaraatha vrukkarogam moolamundaakunna vilarchayude chikilsaykkulla oru intravinus effe3oo4 thayyaareduppaanu ferraheim, rainso ennee brand namangalil vilkkunna ferrumoxitol. ferrumoxitol nirmmikkukayum aagolathalathil vitharanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnathu amag farmaceuticals aanu.
jaivaparamaaya sambhavam.
magnettotaktik bakteeriyakalilum (42-45 nm) hoaming praavukalude kokku koshangalilum naano-spadikangalaayi magnettaitt kandethiyittundu.

