
roobert jenkinson, livarpoolile randaamathe eal

1812 muthal 1827 vare yunaittad kingdatthinte pradhaanamanthriyaayi sevanamanushticha oru britiish torry raashtrathanthranjanaayirunu livarpoolile randaamathe earl roobert banks jenkinson (7 juun 1770-4 desember 1828). videshakaarya sekrattari, aabhyanthara sekrattari, yudhathinum kolanikalkkumulla stettu sekrattari thudangiya niravadhi pradhana kaabinat offeesukalum addeham vahichirunnu. addeham prabhukkanmaarude bhavanathile amgavum nethaavaayum sevanamanushtichu.
pradhaanamanthriyenna nilayil, 1819 leeii peettarloo koottakkolaykk sesham kramam nilanirthaan aabhyanthara thalatthil adichamarthal nadapadikalkku livarpool ahvaanam cheythu. jorjju moonnaaman rajaavu kazhivillaathappol rajaprathinidhiye addeham sugamamayi kaikaaryam cheythu. nepolian yudhangale thudarnnundaaya theevravaadatthinteyum aswasthathayudeyum kaalaghattatthiloode addeham raajyathe nayichu. vaanijya, ulppaadana thaalpparyangaleyum bhoomi thaalpparyatheyum addeham anukoolichu. catholica vimochanathinte chooderiya vishayathil addeham vittuveezhcha thedi. sambadvyavasthayude punarujjeevanam addehathinte rashtreeya nilaye shakthippeduthi. 1820 aayappozhekkum, tarif kuraykkukayum niravadhi kuttangalkulla vadhasiksha nirthalaakkukayum criminal niyamam parishkarikkukayum cheytha "liberal torikalude" oru parishkarana vibhaagathinte neethaavaayirunnu addeham. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte maranasamayathu, 40 varshathilereyaayi house oof komansil aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna torry party svayam thakarnnukondirunnu.
derry parayunnu 
1812ll amerikkayumaayulla yuddham, franch saamrajyathinethiraaya aaraamatheyum ezhaamatheyum sakhyangal, vienna kongrasil nepolian yudhangalude parisamapthi, dhaanya niyamangal, peettarloo koottakkola, 1812leeii trinitarian act, catholica vimochanam enniva addeham pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna kaalayalavile pradhana sambhavangalil ulppedunnu. pandithanmaar addehathe ellah britiish pradhaanamanthrimaaril ninnum uyarnna rank nalkunnundengilum pilkkala yaadhaasthithika pradhaanamanthriyaaya erl oof beakonsfield (benchamin disreli) addehathe "aarch-mediocrity" ennum vilichirunnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1770 juun 29nuu sent jenkinson snaapanamettu. maargarats, westminstar, jorjju moonnaamante adutha upadeshtaavu chaals jenkinsoninte makan pinneedu livarpoolile aadya erlinteyum addehathinte aadya bhaarya amelia whatsinteyum makanaan. muthirnna eest india kambani udyogasthanaaya vilyam whatsinteyum bharyayaaya begam johnsonudeyum makalaayirunna jenkinsante 19 kaariyaya amma, prasavam kazhinju oru maasam kazhinju prasavam moolam marichu. ammayude muthasshiyaaya isabella baiser vazhi, jenkinson indiayile porchugees kudiyettakkaaril ninnullavanaayirunnu; addeham poorvvikaril pathinaaraamatthe indiakkaaranaayirikkaam.
1787ll ooksfoordile kraist charchil metrikkuleshan poortthiyaakkiya jenkinson, thante franch bhasha paripoornnamaakkunnathinum thante saamoohikaanubhavam vipuleekarikkunnathinumayi 1789leeii venalkkaalath paareesil naalu maasam chelavazhichu. moonnu maasathekku oxfordilekku madangiyethiya addeham 1790 meyy maasathil maasttar oof arts aayi.
aadyakaala currier (1790-1812).
paarlament amgam.
1803 vare nilaninnirunna raay enna seettinaayi 1790-ll addeham house oof komansilekkulla thiranjeduppil vijayichu; ennirunnaalum, aaa samayat addeham paarlamentinte amgeekaara praayatthil thaazheyaayirunnu, athinaal addeham thante seett edukkunnathil ninnu vittunilkkukayum thudarnnulla shaithyakaalavum vasanthakaalathinte thudakkavum bhookhandathinte vipulamaaya paryadanatthil chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. eee paryadanam netherlandilum italiyilum nadannu; athinte avasaanathil addehathinu paarlamentil irikkaan praayamaayi. addeham eppol komansil praveshichuvennu krithyamaayi vyakthamalla, pakshe 1791 leeii sessionte avasaanam vare addehathinte irupathiyonnaam janmadinam athaathathinaal addeham adutha varsham vare kaathirikkaanaanu saadhyatha.
house oof koomans.
pithaavinte swaadheenathinteyum rashtreeya kazhivukaludeyum sahaayathode addeham torry gavanmentil thaarathamyena vegathil uyarnnu. 1792 februvariyil, sarkkaarinte russian nayathekkurichulla saamuval vaittbredinte vimarsanaathmaka prameyathinu addeham marupadi nalki. sessionil addeham mattu niravadhi prasamgangal nadathukayum unmoolanam cheyyalinteyum vilyam vilbarfozhsinteyum sakthamaaya athiraaliyaayirunnu. 1793 muthal 1796 vare addeham indian board oof kantrol amgamaayi sevanamanushtichu.
fransumaayulla sathrutha pottippurappettathinnettathu prathirodha prasthaanatthil, pourasenayil chernna sarkkar manthrimaaril aadyatheyaalaayirunnu jenkinson. 1794ll addeham sink thuramukhangalude fencibilukalil kenalaayi, addehathinte sainika chumathalakal pothusamoohatthil ninnu idaykkide illaathirikkaan kaaranamaayi. 1796ll addehathinte rejimentine skotlandilekku ayaykkukayum kurachu samayathekku dumphriesil paarppikkukayum cheythu.
1797-ll annathe loard hoxbury sink ports laitt dragonukalude kuthirappada kamaandaraayirunnu, avar kizhakkan lothiyaanile traantt enna sthalathu milishya niyamathinethiraaya prathishedhathetthudarnnu aswastharaayi; panthrand saadhaaranakkaar kollappettu. 1844-ll ezhuthukaaranaaya jaims miller ezhuthi, "addehathinte saannidhyam sainikarude prakopanam thadanjirikkamennathinaal addehathinte prabhuvaya sthaanam haddingtonil thudarnnathinu kuttappedutthi."
bristtolinte makal louisa herveyumaayulla addehathinte vivaahathe pithaav deshyathode ethirthappol addehathinte paarlamentamgathvavum addehathinte prathikaranatthe baadhichu. pittum rajaavum addehathinu vendi edapetta sesham, oduvil 1795 march 25 nuu wimbledonil vivaham nadannu. 1796 meyy maasathil, addehathinte pithaav livarpoolinte erl aayappol, addeham loard hoxbury enna maryada padavi sweekarikkukayum komansil thudarukayum cheythu. addeham swantham nilayil baaran hoxbury maarukayum 1803 novemberil videshakaarya sekratariyenna nilayilulla addehathinte pravartthanatthinte amgeekaaramaayi house oof lordsylake uyarthappedukayum cheythu. addeham mintinte maastaraayum (1799-1801) sevanamanushtichu.
kaabinat.
videshakaarya sekrattari.
henry aadingtan sarkkaaril 1801ll videshakaarya sekrattariyaayi manthrisabhayil praveshicha addeham fransumaayulla amiens udambadi charcha cheythu. videshakaarya sekratariyenna nilayil addeham kooduthal samayavum france, america ennee rajyangalumaayi edapettaayirunnu chelavazhichathu. pitt deyude randaamathe sarkkaaril aabhyanthara sekrattariyaayi addeham manthrisabhayil thudarnnu. pitt gurutharaavasthayilaayirunpol, livarpool manthrisabhayude chumatala vahikkukayum paarlamentinte audyogika udghaadanathinaayi raajaavinte prasangam thayyarakkukayum cheythu. 1806ll vilyam pitt marichappol rajaavu livarpoolinodu pradhaanamantri sthaanam sweekarikkaan aavasyappettenkilum thanikk bharanaparamaya bhooripaksham illennu vishwasicha addeham athu nirasichu. pinneedu addehathe loard grenavilleyude manthrisabhayil prathipaksha nethaavaayi niyamichu (1793 num viramichathinusheshavum livarpool sarkkar padavi vahikkatha oreyoru samayam). 1807-ll addeham portlaandinte duke oof ministriyil aabhyanthara sekrattariyaayi veendum chumathalayettu.
yuddha sekrattari.
1809ll larred livarpool (1808 desemberil pithaavinte maranathode addeham maariyathupole) yudhathinte stettu secretory spensor perseval sarkkaarile kolanikalum sweekarichu. puthiya padavi ettedukkunnathinulla livarpoolinte aadyapadi general arther vellesliyil (vellingtonile bhaavi duke) ninnu porchugalile thante cheria senayude paripaalanathinaayi svayam prathijnjaabadhamaakkaan manthrisabhaye prerippikkunnathinayi oru franch aakramanathe cherukkaanulla addehathinte kazhivinte sakthamaaya prasthavana purathuvarikayaayirunnu. 1810ll livarpooline milishyayude kenalaayi niyamichu.
pradhaanamantri (1812-1827).
niyamanam.
1812 meyy maasathil perseval vadhikkappettappol, rajaprathinidhiyaaya jorjju rajakumaran thante pingamiyaayi naalu pere niyamikkaan thudarchayaayi shramichu, pakshe avarkk manthraalayangal roopeekarikkaan kazhinjilla; eee sthaanathekku raajaprathinidhiyude anchaamathe choyisaaya livarpool 1812 juun 8 nuu vimukhathayode sthaanam sweekarichu. manthrisabha livarpooline addehathinte pingamiyaayi nirddeshichu, loard castlerag komansile nethaavaayi, ennaal thaazhathe sabhayile prathikoola votteduppinu sesham, avar iruvarum pinneedu raaji vechu. ennirunnaalum, mattoru sakhyam roopeekarikkuka asaadhyamaanennu rajakumaran reejant kandethukayum juun 8 nuu livarpool pradhaanamanthriyaayi sthireekarikkukayum cheythu. 2022ll rishi sunakinum 42 vayassaayirunnuvenkilum 200 varshathilereyaayi oru pingami ilayavaraayirunnilla. brittanil bhaaviyile chila mahanaaya nethaakkalaaya loard castlereg, jorjju canning, duke oof vellington, roobert peel, vilyam huskison ennivare livarpoolinte sarkkar ulppeduthiyirunnu. livarpool oru vidagdha raashtreeyakkaaranaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, koodaathe torry party liberal, reactionary vibhagangal orumichu nilanirtthi, addehathinte pingamikalaaya canning, goderich, vellington ennivarkku valia budhimuttundaayirunnu.
yuddham.
vienna kongras.
livarpoolinte shushroosha deerghavum sambhavabahulavumaayirunnu. addehathinte pradhaanamanthriyaakunna samayat, livarpool nerittu samgharshangale abhimukeekarikkukayum 1812ll amerikkayumaayulla yuddham, nepolian yudhangalude avasana prachaaranangal enniva livarpoolinte bharanakaalathaanu nadannathu. addehathinte shushrooshaykkidayilaanu upadveep akramanangal nadannathu, avide vellington prabhuvinte neethrthwathilulla britiish sainyam franchukaare speyinil ninnum portugalil ninnum purathaakki, athu aarr varsham neenduninnu. nepolian yudhangalil france poornnamaayum paraajayappedukayum athe varsham thanne livarpooline gaarttarinte oordaril niyamikkukayum cheythu. thudarnnundaaya samadhana charchakalil, netherlands, spain, porchugal ennivayude swaathanthryam urappakkukayum fraansine athinte deseeya samagrathaykku kedupaadukal varuthaathe yudhaananthara athirthikalil parimithappedutthukayum cheiyunna oru europian othutheerppu neduka ennathaayirunnu livarpoolinte pradhana aashanka. ithu nedunnathinaayi, ellah britiish colonial vijayangalum thirike nalkaan addeham thayyarayirunnu. eee vishalamaaya chattakkoodinullil, thante manthraalayathinte adutha ettavum pradhanappetta paripaadiyaaya vienna kongrasil addeham castleriyaginu vivechanaadhikaaram nalki. 1815 januvariyil austriyayumaayum fransumaayum prathirodha sakhyam roopeekarikkunnathinulla kaastlariyaaginte dheeramaaya samrambhathin kongrasil addeham pettennulla amgeekaaram nalki. neppoliyante paraajayathetthudarnnu-dveepilekku hrasvamaayi naadukadatthappetta elba naadukadatthalil ninnu rakshappett france bharikkan madangiyethiyirunnu. rakshapetta chakravarty neridaan sakhyakakshikal udan thanne avarude sainyathe aninirathaan thudangi, koodaathe brittante sakhyakakshikale sahayikkaan vellington commandinu keezhil oru samyuktha anglo-sakhya sainyathe ayachu. eathaanum masangalkkullil, aaa varsham juunil waterloovil nepolian parajayappettu, varshangalude yudhathinu sesham, ippol ksheenicha bhookhandathiloode samadhaanam pinthudarnnu.
dhaanya niyamangal.
veettile prasnangal.
1812num 1822num idayil vyapakamaaya aswasthathaykku kaaranamaaya kadam thirichadaykkunnathinum deseeya kadam thirichadaykkunnathinum nikuthikal anivaryamaayum uyarnnu. eee samayathaan, ludaittukal ennariyappedunna group vyaavasaayika pravartthanam aarambhichath, padinjaaran yorkshare, nottinghamshare, laisheshare, ders ennividangalile thunithara vyavasayangalil upayogikkunnathinaayi vikasippichedutha vyaavasaayika yanthrangal thakarthu. 1811-1816 kaalaghattatthiludaneelam, mesheen thakartha sambhavangalude oru parambarayundaayirunnu, kuttavaalikalil palarum vadhasiksha nerittu.
1819num 1822num idayil nalla vilavu vila kuraykkukayum kooduthal samrakshanathinaayulla nilavilikku kaaranamavukayum cheythathinaal krishi oru prashnamaayi thudarnnu. paarlamentile sakthamaaya kaarshika lobby thudarnnu samrakshanam aavashyappettappol, livarpool rashtreeya aavasyathinu vazhangi. aabhyanthara vila amgeekrithamaaya ettavum kuranja nilavaarathilethunnathuvar videsha gothambinte irakkumathi nirodhikkunna 1815 leeii kuprasidhamaaya cholam niyamangal sarkkar melnottatthil pasaki. ennirunnaalum, thathwathil livarpool oru swatantra vyaapaariyaayirunnu, pakshe samadhaanakaala saahacharyangalilekkulla parivartthanam eluppamaakkunnathinulla oru thaalkkaalika nadapadiyaayi bill sweekarikkendivannu. pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna kaalath addehathinte pradhana saambathika prashnam raajyathinte saambathikamaayirunnu.
yudhakaalathe valia chelavukal kaaranam yudhakaalathe pensionukal ulppede vanthothil vardhicha deseeya kadathinte palisha saadhaarana sarkkar varumaanathinte bhooribhaagavum ulkkollunnu. 1816ll house oof koomans yudhakaala aadaayanikuthi thudaraan visammathichathinal aavashyamaaya vaarshika chelavukalkkayi vinashakaramaaya kadamedukkal sambradaayavumaayi munnott pookukayallaathe manthrimaarkk udanadi mattoru margavumilla. 1819-ll livarpool swarnna nilavaaratthilekku madangiyethaan sahayichu.
vienna kongrasil vyapakamaaya adimakkachavadam nirthalaakkanamennu livarpool vaadichu, 1824-ll thozhilaallikale trade unionukalaayi samyojippikkunnathil ninnu vilakkunna kompineshan niyamangal raddaakkunnathine addeham pinthunachu. avasana varsham kappal thakarchayil ninnu jeevan samrakshikkunnathinaayi puthuthayi roopeekaricha royal naashanal instityooshan, pinneedu irnl, livarpooline athinte aadya presidentaayi nedi.
vadhasramangal.
1817ll addehathinu labhicha rahasya kammittikalude reportukal, prathyekichu ulppaadana mekhalakalil, asamthriptharaaya rashtreeya samoohangalude oru samghaditha shringhala nilanilkkunnundennu choondikkaanichu. 1794ll undaayirunnathinekkaal moshamaayi raajyathe aswasthatha kaanappedunnundennu livarpool peelinode paranju. sarkkaarin valia thothil bheeshaniyundennu karuthiyathinaal thaalkkaalika niyamanirmmanam avatharippichu. grettu brittanilum (1817) irelandilum (1822) addeham habeas corpus suspended cheythu. 1819-leeii peettarloo koottakkolayethudarnnu addehathinte sarkkar adichamarthal aarr niyama niyamanirmmanam earppeduthi, ithu mattu karyangalkkoppam, abhipraaya swaathanthryavum samadhaanaparamaaya prakadanatthinaayi othukoodaanulla avakashavum parimithappedutthi. 1820ll eee nadapadikalude falamaayi livarpoolineyum mattu kaabinat mantrimaareyum kolappedutthi. kaatto street goodaalochana paraajayappettappol avar parikkukalil ninnu rakshapettu.
catholica vimochanam.
pathonpathaam noottaandilum, prathyekichu, livarpool adhikaarathilirunna samayathum, catholica vimochanam valia samgharshangalude uravidamaayirunnu. 1805-ll, eee vishayathekkurichulla thante kaazhchappaadukalude aadya pradhana prasthavanayil, englandile sabhayumaayulla raajaavinte prathyeka bandhavum roman catholicar aadhipathyam prathijnjayedukkaan visammathichathum rashtreeya adhikaarathil ninnu avare ozhivaakkiyathine nyaayeekarichuvennu livarpool vaadichirunnu. raashtrathinte sthirathaykku cheria elavukal pradhaanamaanennu addeham kandirunnuvenkilum thante kariyariludaneelam addeham catholica vimochana ashayathe ethirthu.
1812-ll eee prashnam koottaaya kaabinat nayathil ninnu neekkam cheyyaanulla theerumaanavum thudarnnu 1813-ll graattante roman catholica durithaashwaasa billinte parajayavum oru shaanthamaaya kaalaghattam konduvannu. sayudha seena, majistrettu, paarlamentari vottavakaasham ennivayude uyarnna raankukalilekku engleesh roman katholikkare praveshippikkunnathu polulla cheria elavukale livarpool pinthunachuvenkilum paarlamentil thanne avarude pankaalitthatthe addeham ethirthu. 1820kalil komansinte liberal vibhaagathil ninnulla sammarddavum irelandile catholica associationte uyarchayum vivaadathe punarujjeevippichu.
1825ll sarr francis bardettinte catholica durithaashwaasa billinte theeyathiyaayapozhekkum vimochanam vijayakaramaayi kaanapettu. vaasthavathil, eprilil billinte vijayam, thudarnnu roobert peel raajivachathum oduvil addeham viramikkanamennu livarpooline bodhyappedutthi. manthrisabha billine pinthunaykkanamennu canning oru aupachaarika nirddesham nalkiyappol, thante bharanam avasaanichuvennu livarpoolinu bodhyamaayi. jorjju canning pinneedu pradhaanamanthriyaayi. ennirunnaalum, 1829-leeii vellington prabhuvinteyum sarr roobert peelinteyum neethrthwathil roman catholica durithaashwaasa niyamathil valia mattangal varuthunnathuvare catholica vimochanam poornnamaayum nadappakkappettilla.
viramikalum maranavum.
livarpoolinte aadyabharya louisa 54-aamm vayassil marichu. taamasiyaathe 1822 septambar 24-nuu louisayude deerghakaala suhruthaaya lady merii chesttarumaayi addeham veendum vivaham kazhichu. rund maasam munbu vaitthaalile thante faif house vasathiyil gurutharamaaya cerebral rakthasraavathe thudarnnu 1827 epril 9nuu livarpool oduvil viramikkukayum rajavinodu pingami thedaan aavasyappedukayum cheythu. joolaiyil addehathinu mattoru cheria strock anubhavapettu, athinusesham 1828 desember 4 nuu moonnaamathe akramanam vare addeham combail thudarnnu, athil ninnu addeham marichu. makkalillaathe marichathinaal, addehathinte ilaya ardhasahodaran chaals livarpoolinte erl aayi adhikaaramettu. gloucestershayarile hoxbury edavaka palliyil pithaavinum aadya bhaaryaykkum sameepam addehathe samskarichu. addehathinte swakaarya estettu 120,000 poundil thaazhe rajisttar cheythirunnu.
paarambaryamaayi.
charitrakaaranaaya aarr. dablyu. settan-vaatsan livarpoolinte shakthiyum daurbalyangalum samgrahikkunnu
kalmut brechukalkku pakaram pathivayi neelamulla trouserukal dharikkunna aadyathe britiish pradhaanamantriyaanu livarpool. 42-aamm vayasilum oru divasathilum addeham adhikaarathil praveshichu, ithu addehathe thante ellah pingaamikalekkaalum ilayavanaakki. motham 14 varshavum 305 divasavum pradhaanamanthriyaayi sevanamanushticha livarpool pathonpathaam noottaandile ettavum kooduthal kaalam sevanamanushticha pradhaanamanthriyaayi maari. 2022 leeii kanakkanusarichu, livarpoolinte pingaamikalaarum kooduthal kaalam sevanamanushtichittil.
landanile livarpool streettinum ailamgtanile livarpool roadinum loard livarpoolinte peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath. kaanadayile ontaariyoyile hoxbury, hoxbury nadhi, livarpool samathalangal, nyoo southu weils, austreliya, livarpool, nyoo southu weils, oostreliyayude vadakkan pradeshathe livarpool nadhi ennivaykkum loard livarpoolinte peru nalki.
nathan mayer roht child oru vaaypa nalkia pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna loard livarpooline 1934-ll purathirangiya "dhaa house oof roht child" enna chithratthil american nadan gilbert emery avatharippichu.

