
silikkan

silikkan allengil polycyloxane ennathu siloxane (− r2si−o −sir2−, ivide r = oorgaanik group) kondu nirmmicha oru polymeraanu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi niramillaatha ennakaloo rubber polulla padaarthangalo aanu. silikkanukal seelantukal, pashakal, lubricantukal, marunnukal, paachaka pathrangal, thermal insulation, electrical insulation ennivayil upayogikkunnu. silikkan oayil, silikkan grease, silikkan rubber, silikkan resin, silikkan colk ennivayaanu chila saadhaarana roopangal.
rasathanthram.
thudakkathil monomer echu2sioo nalkaan nirddeshikkappetta oru prathikaranamaya dichlorosileninte jalavishleshanam stokkum somisky parishodhichu
benzenil echu2sickle2 layani vellathil kalarthi jalavishleshanam nadathukayum uthppannathin ekadesha soothravaakyam [echu2sioo] 6 undennu theerumaanikkukayum cheyyumbol, uyarnna polymerukal kaalakramena roopappedaan nirddeshikkappettu.
mikka policyloxaanukalilum jaiva pakarakkar undu, udha.jii., [(ch3) 2sio] n umm [(c6h5) 2sio)] n umm. ellah polymerised siloxeynukalum policyloxeynukalum, siliconukalil oro silikkan kendratthilum rund grouppukalulla oru ajaiva silikkan-ooksijan nattellu shringhala (<unk> −si−o −si−o −si−o − <unk>) adangiyirikkunnu. vasthukkal chaakrikamo polymeric aakam. - sii-oo-cheyin dairkhyam, side grouppukal, cross linking enniva maattunnathiloode siliconukale vaividhyamaarnna gunangalum gadanakalum upayogichu samanvayippikkaan kazhiyum. draavakam muthal jell vare rubber muthal haard plaastik vare avayude sthirathayil vyathyaasappedaam. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya siloxane leanier polydymethylsyloxain (pii. dii. emm. ezz) aanu, ithu oru silikkan ennayaanu. silikkan vasthukkalude randaamathe valia group silikkan resinukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, avaa shaakhakalum koottil polulla oligosiloxeynukalum chernnaanu roopappedunnathu.
padavum charithravum.
eph. ezz. 1901ll polydefenylsiloxane enna formula vivarikkunnathinayi kipping "silikkan" enna vaakk upayogichu, piechu2sioo (piechu phenyl, sii6echu5 soochippikkunnu), kettoon benzophenon, piechu2qoo (addehathinte padam yadhaarthathil "silikkoketton" aayirunnu) enna formulayumaayi saamyam pulartthunnu. polydefenylsiloxane polymeric aanennum benzophenon monomeric aanennum kippinginu nannayi ariyamaayirunnu, koodaathe piechu 2 sioyudeyum piechu 2 koyudeyum virudha gunangal shradhichu. kippinginte thanmaathrakalum keettonukalum thammilulla gadanaaparamaaya vyathyaasangal kandethunnathukondu ardhamaakkunnathu "silikkan" ennathu sariyaaya padamalla (ithu saadhaarana upayogathil nilanilkkunnundenkil) aadhunika rasathanthrathinte naamakaranamanusarichu "siloxane" enna padamaanu munganana nalkunnathu.
jaims franklin hyde (jananam 1903 march 11) oru american rasathanthranjanum kandupiduthakkaaranumaayinu. siliconukalude pithaav" ennu vilikkappedunna addeham 1930kalil silikkan vyavasaayam aarambhichathinte bahumati nediyittundu. silikkan samyukthangalil ninnu silikkan srishtichathum pinneedu aeronotics, noothana telecommunication, computer chippukal ennivayil upayogicha uyarnna nilavaaramulla glassaya fused silica nirmmikkunna reethiyum addehathinte ettavum sradheyamaaya sambhaavanakalil ulppedunnu. addehathinte pravartthanangal silikkan uthppannangal nirmmikkunnathinayi prathyekamaayi srishticha dau kemikkal kambaniyum corning glass varkkukalum thammilulla sakhyamaaya dau corninginte roopeekaranathilekku nayichu. 
siliconine palappozhum silikkanumaayi thettidharippikkaarumbum avaa vyathyastha padaarthangalaanu. silikkan oru raasa moolakamaan, kadinamaaya irunda-chaara ardhachaalaka metalooyid, ithu athinte kristalin roopathil integrated sarkyoottukalum (electronic chippukal) solar cellukalum nirmmikkaan upayogikkunnu. silikkan, kaarban, hydrajan, ooksijan, orupakshe mattu tharatthilulla attangal enniva adangiyirikkunna samyukthangalaanu siliconukal, koodaathe valare vyathyasthamaaya niravadhi bhouthikavum rasaparavumaaya gunangalundu.
ippol silanonukal ennu vilikkappedunna silikkan-ooksijan eratta bondukal adangiya samyukthangal, ennaal "silikkan" enna peru arhikkunnu, micro electronics ulppaadanathile raasa neeravi nikshepam, jwalanathiloode seraamiksinte roopeekaranam thudangiya vathaka-ghatta prakriyakalil idanilakkaaraayi valarekkaalamaayi thirichariyappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, avaykku siloxeynukalaayi polymerise cheyyaanulla sakthamaaya pravanathayundu. aadyathe sthirathayulla silanon 2014 ll eiii. philippoyum mattullavarum.
synthesis.
dimethyldichloresilena jalavishleshanathiloode uruthirinja polydymethylsyloxaine adisthaanamaakkiyulla vasthukkal ettavum saadhaaranamaanu. eee dichloride vellavumayi thaazhepparayunna reethiyil prathipravartthikkunnu
polymerisation saadhaaranayaayi sii-cl allengil sii-ooo (silanol) grouppukal kondu pothinja leanier cheyinukal nirmmikkunnu. vyathyastha saahacharyangalil, polymer oru chakramaanu, oru shringalayalla.
silail chlorideukalkk pakaram colks silail asattettukal polulla upabhokthru prayogangal upayogikkunnu. asattettukalude jalavishleshanam valare mandagathiyilulla rogashanti prakriyayude prathikarana ulppannamaayi apakadakaramaaya asattik assid (vinagiriyil kaanapedunna assid) uthpaadippikkunnu. silikkan colk, pasha thudangiya niravadhi upabhokthru prayogangalil eee rasathanthram upayogikkunnu.
methyl trichlorosilane, methyltrimethoxilane thudangiya alkail grouppukal kurravulla orgaanosilikon mungaamikal upayogichu polymer shringalayile shaakhakalo cross linkukaloo avatharippikkam. anuyojyamaayi, atharam samyukthathinte oro thanmathra oru shaakha pooyintaayi maarunnu. eee prakriya haard silikkan resinukal nirmmikkaan upayogikkaam. athupole, moonnu methyl grouppukalulla mungaamikal tanmatra bharam parimithappedutthaan upayogikkaam, kaaranam atharam oro thanmathraykkum oru reactive saitt maathrameyulloo, athinaal oru siloxane shringalayude avasaanam roopappedunnu.
jwalana.
silikkan vaayuvilo oksijanilo kathikkumbol, athu velutha podi, chaar, vividha vaathakangal enningane khara silica (silikkan dye ooksaid, sioo 2) roopappedunnu. eluppathil chitharunna podiye chilappol silica fume ennu vilikkunnu. nishkriyamaaya anthareekshathil chila policyloxeynukalude pyrolysis amophus silikkan ooksikaarbaid seraamiksinte ulppaadanathilekkulla oru moolyavathaaya paathayaan, ithu polymer deriwade seramics ennum ariyappedunnu. vinail, mercapto allengil akrilettu grouppukal polulla functional ligandukal upayogichu avasaanippicha policyloxeynukal preseramic polymerukal vilayaakkunnathilekku cross link cheythittundu, avaa stereolithography teknikkukal vazhi polymer deriwade seraamiksinte additteev nirmmaanathinaayi photopolymerise cheyyaan kazhiyum.
swathukkal.
siliconukal ulppede niravadhi upayogapradamaaya savisheshathakal prakadippikkunnu
silikkan rubber sheetingaayi vikasippikkaan kazhiyum, avide ithinu fda kamplayint polulla mattu gunangalundu. ithu silikkan sheettinginte upayogam shuchithvam aavashyappedunna vyavasaayangalilekku vyaapippikkunnu, udaaharanathinu, bhakshanapaneeyangal, farmaceuticals.
aaplikkeshanukal.
siliconukal pala uthppannangalilum upayogikkunnu. "ulmaante encyclopedia oof industrial kemistry" thaazhepparayunna pradhana aaplikkeshan vibhagangal pattikappeduthunnu electrical (udha.jii. insulation), electronics (udha.jii., coatings), gaarhikam (udha.jii.seelantukalum paachaka paathrangalum), automobile (udha.jii. gaskettukal), vimanam (udha.jii., mudrakal), oafees mesheenukal (udha.jii. keyboard paadukal), medisin, dentistry (udha.jii. pallu mudrayullah achukal), thunitharangal, paper (udha.jii. coatings). eee prayogangalkkaayi, 1991ll ekadesham 400,000 tonn siliconukal uthppaadippikkappettu. valuthum cheruthumaaya prathyeka udaaharanagal chuvade nalkunnu.
automotive.
automotive mekhalayil, silikkan grease saadhaaranayaayi break gadakangalkkulla lubricantaayi upayogikkunnu, kaaranam ithu uyarnna thapanilayil sthirathayullathum vellathil layikkathathum mattu lubricantukalekkaal faul cheyyaanulla saadhyatha valare kuravumaanu. dott 5 break draavakangal draavaka siliconukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
theepporikal aduthulla vayarukalilekku chaadunnathu thadayunnathinaayi automotive spark plug vayarukal silikkaninte onniladhikam paalikalaal insulate cheyyappedunnu, ithu theepiduthatthinu kaaranamaakunnu. chila samayangalil automotive intake sisttangalil (prathyekichu nirbandhitha inductionulla enchinukalkku) silikkan tubing upayogikkunnu.
automotive enchinukal, traansmissionukal, mattu aaplikkeshanukal ennivayil upayogikkunna gaskettukal nirmmikkaan sheett silikkan upayogikkunnu.
automotive body nirmmaana plaantukalum peyint shoppukalum silikkanukal ozhivaakkunnu, kaaranam trace malineekaranam "fish aisinu" kaaranamakum, avaa cheruthum vrithaakruthiyilullathumaaya garthangalaanu, avaa sugamamaya finishinu kaaranamaakunnu.
koodaathe, silikkan rubber polulla silikkan samyukthangal airbaagukalkkaayi coatingukalaayum seelantukalaayum upayogikkunnu; silikkan rabbarinte uyarnna shakti athine uyarnna impact airbagukalkku opttimal pashayum seelantum akkunnu. thermoplasticsumayi samyojippichu siliconukal scratch, maar prathirodhatthil mechappeduthalukalum gharshanathinte kuranja gunakam nalkunnu.
aerospace.
silikkon athinte sealing gunangal, angeyattatthe thaapanila paridhiyiludaneelamulla sthiratha, eedu, shabda nanavu, vibration virudha gunangal, swaabhaavikamaayi jwala prathirodha gunangal enniva kaaranam aerospace vyavasaayathil vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna oru vasthuvaan. aerospace vyavasaayathile yaathrakkaarude surakshaykk angeyattatthe pravartthanam nilanirthunnathu paramapradhaanamaanu, athinaal oru vimaanathile oro gadakathinum uyarnna prakadanamulla vasthukkal aavasyamaanu.
prathyekamaayi vikasippicha aerospace gradukalaaya silikkan sthirathayullathinaal janalakalkkum cabin vaathilukalkkumulla vaathilukalude nirmmaanatthil eee gradeukal upayogikkaam. pravartthana samayat, thaarathamyena churungiya samayathinullil vimanangal valia thaapanila ettakkurachilukaliloode kadannupokunnu; poornna uyarathil parakkumbol maravippikkunna thaapanila muthal choodulla rajyangalil nilathu aayirikkumbol anthareeksha thaapanila vare. silikkan rubber karsanamaaya sahishnuthayode roopappeduthaam, ithu anthareeksha marddam kurayunna nilayilum vaayuvilum vaayusanjaaramulla mudrakal undaakkunnuvenn urappaakkunnu.
thapanam nasippikkunnathinodu silikkan rabbarinte prathirodham vimana enchinukalile gaskettukalkkaayi upayogikkaan prapthamaakkunnu, avide ithu mattu tharatthilulla rabbarukale marikadakkum, vimana suraksha mechappeduthukayum attakuttappanikalkkull chelavu kuraykkukayum cheyyum. silikkan kokkpittile instrument paanalukalum mattu electrical sisttangalum seal cheyyaan pravartthikkunnu, ithu achadicha surcuted bordukale eerppam, valare kuranja thaapanila thudangiya uyarnna apakadasaadhyathakalil ninnu samrakshikkunnu. oru vimaanathinte aantharika pravarthanangalilekku kayariyekkaavunna podiyiloo manjilo ninnu vayarukalum vaidyutha gadakangalum samrakshikkaan silikkan oru aavaranamaayi upayogikkaam.
vimana yaathrayude swabhaavam valareyadhikam shabdathinum vibration kaaranamakunnathinaal, yaathrakkaarude sukhasoukaryavum vimaanathinte surakshithamaaya pravartthanavum urappakkaan sakthamaaya enchinukal, landingukal, uyarnna vegatha ennivayellaam pariganikkendathundu. silikkan rabbarinu asaadhaaranamaaya shabda laghookaranavum vibration virudha gunangalum ullathinaal, ithu cheria gadakangalaayi roopappeduthaanum cheria vidavukalil gadippikkaanum kazhiyum, ithu ellah upakaranangaleyum overhead lockerukal, ventu dakttukal, haachukal, entertainment sisttam sealukal, elidi lighting sisttangal thudangiya anaavashya vibrationil ninnu samrakshikkaan kazhiyumennu urappaakkunnu.
soolid propellant.
rokkattukalil amonium perchloratinoppam (enh4kloo4) polydymethylsyloxain (pdms) adisthaanamaakkiyulla binderukalum vegathil kathunna khara proppallantukalaayi upayogikkunnu.
kettida nirmmaanam.
silikkan rabbarinte shakthiyum vishwaasyathayum nirmmaana vyavasaayathil vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappettittundu. kettidangalile vidavukal, sandhikal, villalukal enniva adaykkaan otta bhaagamulla silikkan seelantukalum kolkkukalum saadhaarana upayogathilaanu. anthareekshathile eerppam agiranam cheythukondu otta bhaagamulla silikkanukal chikilsikkunnu, ithu instaaleshan lalithamaakkunnu. plumbingle, silikkan grease saadhaaranayaayi pichala taappukalileyum vaalvukalileyum oo-ringukalil prayogikkunnu, ithu chunnaambu lohathil ottippidikkunnathu thadayunnu.
1974 muthal art instittyoott oof chikkago metteeriyal maathram gadippicha baahya glass labhikkuna aadyathe kettidamaayitheernnappol muthal curton vaal nirmmaana munbhaagangalilum gadanaaparamaaya silikkan upayogikkunnu. vyaavasaayika melkkoorakal moodaanum punasthaapikkaanum silikkan membranukal upayogikkunnu, athinte angeyattatthe yuvi prathirodhatthinum pathittaandukalaayi jalanirodhitha prakadanam nilanirthaanulla kazhivinum nandi.
coatings.
silica adisthaanamaakkiyulla glass polulla substrateukalil silikkan philimukal prayogichu oru kovalanti bonded hydrophobic coating undakkaam. supersonic vegathayil apraayogikamaaya mechanical windshield vypparukal aavasyamillaathe, vellam pinvalikkunnathinum drishyaparatha nilanirthunnathinum vimana windsheeldukalil upayogikkunnathinaanu atharam coatingukal vikasippicheduthath. mazha-x umm mattullavarum vipananam cheiyunna uthppannangalil samanamaaya chikilsakal oduvil automotive vipaniyumaayi poruthappettu.
pala thunitharangalum silikkan kondu pothinju silniloon polulla sakthamaaya jalanirodhitha samyuktham roopappeduthaam.
sthirathayulla sarfaktantukal upayogichu oru silikkan polymer vellathil thookkiyidaam. ithu jalathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla formulationukal upayogichu sakthamaaya layakam aavasyamullatho phalapradamaayi upayogikkaan kazhiyaathathra viscos aayato aaya niravadhi cheruvakal nalkaan anuvadikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, oru sileyninte prathipravartthanavum dhaatu adhishtitha uparithalathilekkulla nuzhanjukayatta seshiyum upayogichu oru jalajanya formulation oru siloxeynil ninnulla jala-beeding gunangalumayi samyojippichu kooduthal upayogapradamaaya uparithala samrakshana uthppannam nirmmikkam.
paachakasamagrikal.
kuranja kalankamullathum visharahithavumaya oru vasthu enna nilayil, bhakshanavumayi sanbarkkam aavashyamullidathu silikkan upayogikkaam. paachakasamagrikal, prathyekichu bakewareukalum adukkala paathrangalum, silikkan oru pradhana ulppannamaayi maarukayaan.
choodu prathirodhasheshiyulla kuzhikalilum samanamaaya enangalilum silikkan oru insulettaraayi upayogikkunnu; ennirunnaalum, samanamaaya saandrata kuranja naarukal adisthaanamaakkiyulla uthppannangale apekshichu ithu thaapathe kooduthal niyanthrikkunnu. silikkan ovan mittukalkk thapanilaye thangaan kazhiyum, ithu thilaykkunna vellathil ethaan saadhyamaakkunnu.
choklettu, aise, kukkikal, muffinukal, mattu vividha bhakshanagal ennivaykkulla pooppal; baking sheettukalil upayogikkunna noonn-stikku bake veyarukalum punarupayogikkaavunna payakalum; steemarukal, mutta boyilarukal allengil vettakkar; paachaka pathrangal, moodupadangal, paathram holderukal, trivettukal, adukkala payakal enniva mattu uthppannangalil ulppedunnu.
defoming.
vellathil layikkunnathum nannayi vyaapikkunnathum kuranjathinaal siliconukal defomerukalil sajeeva samyukthangalayi upayogikkunnu.
dry cleaning.
draavaka silikkan oru dry cleaning laayakamaayi upayogikkaam, ithu parambaraagatha chlorin adangiya perchloroethylene (perk) laayakathin pakaramaan. dry cleaningle siliconukalude upayogam saadhaaranayaayi uyarnna malineekaranamulla oru vyavasaayathinte paaristhithika prabhavam kuraykkunnu.
electronics.
mechanical, electrical shock, radiation, vibration ennivaykkethiraaya sthiratha vardhippikkunnathinu electronic gadakangal chilappol silikkanil pothinjirikkunnu, eee prakriya "potting" ennu vilikkunnu. bahiraakaashath (upagraha saankethikavidya) polulla angeyattatthe paaristhithika saahacharyangalil gadakangalude deerghaveekshanavum uyarnna prakadanavum aavashyamullidathaanu silikkanukal upayogikkunnathu. vishalamaaya pravartthana thaapanila paridhi (−65 muthal −315 digri selshyas) aavashyamullappol poliyuritheynu allengil epoxy encapsulation vazhiyaan avaa thiranjedukkunnathu. rogashanti samayat cheria exothermic choodu vardhanavu, kuranja vishaamsham, nalla vaidyutha gunangal, uyarnna shudhatha ennivayum siliconukalkku undu.
vaidyuthi vichedikkunna electronic gadakangalil ninnu choodu sinkukalilekkulla taapa kaimaattam mechappeduthaan upayogikkunna taapa pesttukalude gadakangalaanu siliconukal.
ennirunnaalum, electronicsil siliconukalude upayogam prasnangalonnumilla. siliconukal thaarathamyena chelaveriyathum chila laayakangalkk akramikkaan kazhiyunnathumayavayaanu. silikkan draavakamo neeravi allengil mattu gadakangalilekku eluppathil kudiyerunnu. electrical switch kondaakttukalude silikkan malineekaranam, eathenkilum parisodhana poortthiyaayathinu sheshavum, palappozhum kondaakt jeevithathil vaikumbol, kondaakt prathirodham vardhippikkunnathiloode paraajayatthilekku nayichekkaam. attakuttappanikal allengil attakuttappanikal nadathumbol electronic upakaranagalil silikkan adhishtitha spray uthppannangal upayogikkunnathu pinneedulla paraajayangalkk kaaranamakum.
theepidutthangal.
oru muriyil ninnu mattonnilekku theeyum pukayum padarunnathu thadayunnathinaayi thee prathirodhasheshiyulla mathilukalkkum floor asamblikalkkumullile thurakkalukal thadayunnathinulla shramathil vadakke american kettidangalil silikkan nura upayogichittundu. shariyaayi instaal cheyyumbol, coode paalikkunnathinayi silikkan-phoom fayarstoppukal nirmmikkaan kazhiyum. vazhakkam, uyarnna dialectric shakti enniva gunangalil ulppedunnu. dahanakshamatha (anakkaan prayasam), ganyamaaya puka valarcha enniva poraaymakalil ulppedunnu.
nuraykkullil jwalana gadakangalude pyrolysis, hydrajan vaathakathil ninnulla rakshappedal, churukkam, pottal ennivayil ninnulla puka valarcha kaaranam silikkan-phoom fayarstoppukal vivaadathinum maadhyamashradhaykkum vishayamaan. eee prasnangal nuclear regulatory kammeeshante (enrc) licencykalkkidayil (nuclear power plaantukalude oopparettarmaar) report cheyyaavunna sambhavangalilekku nayichu.
vimaanangalil silikkan fayarstoppukalum upayogikkunnu.
aabharanangal.
parambaraagatha lohangalkk (velli, svarnnam polullava) aabharanangal, prathyekichu mothirangal ennivaykku pakaramulla oru janapriya badalaanu silikkan. vaidyuthachaalanam, ring avalshans thudangiya loha valayangal parikkukalkk kaaranamakunna thozhilukalil silikkan valayangal saadhaaranayaayi dharikkunnu. 2010 kalude madhyathil, chila professional athlattukal geyimukalil pakaramaayi silikkan mothirangal dharikkan thudangi.
lubricantukal.
saikkil cheyinukal, airsoft gann parts, mattu vaividhyamaarnna samvidaanangal thudangi niravadhi aavasyangalkkaayi silikkan greasukal upayogikkunnu. saadhaaranayaayi, oru dry-settu lubricant oru layaka vaahakan upayogichu samvidaanathilekku thulachukayarunnu. pinneedu layakam baashpeekarikkappedukayum, lubricate cheiyunna oru vyakthamaaya philim avasheshikkukayum cheiyunnu, pakshe enna adisthaanamaakkiyullatho mattu parambaraagatha "nananja" lubricantukalo pole azhukkum grittum aakarshikkunnilla.
medical nadapadikramangalilo laingika pravartthanangalilo upayogikkaan silikkan pezhsanal lubricantukalum labhyamaan.
medisin aandu cosmetic sarjari.
microfluidics, sealukal, gaskettukal, shroudukal, uyarnna biocompattibility aavasyamulla mattu aaplikkeshanukal ennivayil silikkan upayogikkunnu. koodaathe, baandejukalum dressingukalum, breast implaantukal, vrishana implaantukal, pectoral implaantukal, kondaakt lensukal, mattu palatharam medical upayogangal ennivayil jell phoom upayogikkunnu.
vadu chikitsa sheettukal palappozhum medical grade silikkan kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, kaaranam athinte eerppavum jaiva porutthavum kaaranam. polydymethylsyloxain (pii. dii. emm. ezz) palappozhum eee aavashyathinaayi upayogikkunnu, kaaranam athinte nirddishta cross linking uyarnna eerppavum tack ulla vazhakkamullathum mriduvaayathumaaya silicaninu kaaranamaakunnu. polymersomukalude vesicle membron roopeekarikkaan upayogikkunna amphiphilic synthetic block kopolimarukalude hydrophobic bloca ithu upayogichittundu.
niyamavirudhamaaya soundaryavardhaka silikkan kuthivayppukal dermatological sankeernathakalode vittumaaraathathum krithyamaayathumaaya silikkan raktha vyaapanathin kaaranamakum.
vitrektamiyethudarnnu vitrius humourinu pakaramaayi upayogikkunna silikkan oayil, timiram verthirichedukkalinethu silikkan intraocular lensukal, dacreosystorhinstor nasolakrimal paas thurannirikkaan silikkan tubeukal, canalucular stenosisinulla canalicular stentukal, varanda annukalil samayabandhithamaya oklooshanulla samayanishtayulla plugukal, tractional rettina dittaachmentile baahya tamponedaayi silikkan rabbar baandukalum, regmatogenous rettina dittaachmentile munvashath sthithicheyyunna break thudangi niravadhi uthppannangal nethrarogashaasthram upayogikkunnu.
kootticherkkalum ghaneebhavanavum (udha.jii. polyvinyl siloxane) siliconukal athinte hydrophobic gunavum taapa sthirathayum kaaranam danthaprabhaavam srishtikkunna oru vasthuvayi vyaapakamaayi upayogikkappedunnu.
pooppal nirmmaanam.
resinukal, nurakal, rubber, kuranja thaapanilayilulla aloykal enniva kaast cheiyunnathinu rund bhaagangalulla silikkan samvidaanangal rubber achukalaayi upayogikkunnu. mikka vasthukkalum silikkanil cheraathathinaal oru silikkan pooppalinu saadhaaranayaayi pooppal-release allengil uparithala thayyaareduppu aavasyamilla. pareekshanathmaka upayogangalkkayi, saadhaarana otta bhaagamulla silikkan pooppal nirmmikkaano aakruthiyilekku roopappeduthaano upayogikkaam. aavashyamenkil, saadhaarana sasya paachaka ennakaloo petroleum jellio inacheral prathalangalil pooppal-release ejantaayi upayogikkaam.
bake veyarukalaayi upayogikkunna silikkan paachaka achukalkku paachaka enna upayogichu pooshal aavasyamilla; koodaathe, rabbarinte vazhakkam paachakam cheytha sesham chutta bhakshanathe achukalil ninnu eluppathil neekkam cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu.
vyakthiparamaaya paricharanam.
charmmasamrakshanathinum kalar cosmetic, hair cair aaplikkeshanukalkkum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna cheruvakalaanu siliconukal. chila siliconukal, prathyekichu amine functionalised amodymethiconukal, mikacha hair kandeeshanarukalaan, ithu mechappetta anuyojyatha, anubhavam, mriduthvam enniva nalkunnu, koodaathe frij kuraykkunnu. mattoru silikkan kudumbatthile phineel dimethiconukal, prathifalippikkal vardhippikkunnathinum niram thiruthunnathinum upayogikkunna mudi uthppannangalil avaa thilakkavum thilakkavum vardhippikkunnu (orupakshe sookshumamaaya varnna mattangal nalkunnu). contitioning amodymethiconukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, fenyltrimethikonukalkal manushya mudiyude (1.54) refractive soochikakal (saadhaaranayaayi 1.46) undu. ennirunnaalum, ore formulationil ulppeduthiyaal, amodymethicone fenyltrimethiconum parasparam prathipravartthikkukayum nerppichedukkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu ore uthppannathil uyarnna thilakkavum mikacha contitioning nedaan budhimuttaakkunnu.
silikkan rubber saadhaaranayaayi bebi boatil mulakkannukalil (teats) athinte shuchithvam, soundaryaparamaaya roopam, kuranja verthirichedukkaavunna ulladakkam ennivaykkaayi upayogikkunnu.
shaving uthppannangalilum vyakthigatha lubricantukalilum siliconukal upayogikkunnu.
kalippaattangalum hobikalum.
siliconukalaaya dimethyl siloxane, polydymethyl siloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane enniva mattu cheruvakalkkoppam sillie puttiyilum samanamaaya vasthukkalilum adangiyirikkunnu. eee padaartham athinte asaadhaaranamaaya swabhaavasavisheshathakalkk perukettathaanu, udha.jii.athu kuthikkunnu, pakshe moorchayulla adii nalkumbol thakarunnu; athum oru draavakam pole ozhuki mathiyaya samayam nalki oru kuzhiyayi maarum.
2013 leeii "rubber baand lumi" kalippaattangalil (2014 ll) rando naalo madangu vilaykk yadhaartha rubber baandukalkkaayi deerghakaalam nilanilkkunna janapriya refillaanu silikkan "rubber baandukal". silikkan baandukal oru pero sandeshamo upayogichu ishtaanusrithamaayi embose cheyyaan kazhiyunna bracelet valuppathilum varunnu. valia silikkan baandukalum yoottility tye-daunukalaayi vilkkunnu.
kalimannu maathrkayaakkunnathu pole kaikondu roopappeduthaan plaastitti anuvadikkunnathinaal kalayum karakaushala vasthukkalum aayi upayogikkunna oru silikkan rabbaraanu (shugar aayi vipananam cheyyappedunna) extrol. ithu ooshmaavil kadinamaavukayum glass, aluminium ennivayulppede vividha padaarthangalumaayi chernnu pidikkukayum cheiyunnu.
panchasaaraykk pakaramaayi upayogikkaavunna vilakuranja silikkan kalimannaanu oogoo.
akveriyangalude nirmmaanatthil, nirmmathaakkal ippol saadhaaranayaayi glass plettukalil cherunnathinu 100% silikkan sealant upayogikkunnu. silikkan sealant upayogichu nirmmicha glass sandhikalkk valia sammarddathe neridaan kazhiyum, ithu angle-irumbinteyum puttiyudeyum yadhaartha aquarium nirmmaana reethi kaalaharanappettathaakkunnu. aquarium adappukalil keel nirmmikkaano cheria attakuttappanikalko ithe silikkan upayogikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, ellah vaanijya siliconukalum aquarium nirmmaanathinu surakshithamalla, silikkanukalkk plaastikkumaayi deerghakaala aduppamillaathathinaal akrilik akveriyangalude nirmmaanathinu silikkan upayogikkunnilla.
uthppaadanavum vipananavum.
silikkan adisthaana vasthukkalude pramukha aagola nirmmathaakkal moonnu praadeshika samghadanakalil pedunnu beljiyathile brasselsile europian silikkan sentar (sii. iii. ezz); amerikkayile virjeeniyayile herntonile paristhithi aarogya suraksha kaunsil (sehsk); jappaanile tokkiyoyile silikkan industry association oof jappan (siyaj). doow corning silikkanukal, evonic vyavasaayangal, momentive perfomence metteeriyalukal, millican aandu kambani (sivans speciality silikkanukal), shiin-ettsu silikkanukal, wacker kemi, bluestaar silikkanukal, jnc korppareshan, wacker asaahikkaasi silikkan, doow corning torre enniva eee samghadanakalude koottaaya amgathvathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. naalaamathe samghadanayaaya global silikkan kaunsil (jii. ezz. sii) praadeshika samghadanakalude kudakkeezhilayi pravartthikkunnu. vaanijyaparamaaya pankillaattha laabhechayillaathavayaanu naalum; aarogyam, suraksha, paristhithi veekshanakonil ninnu siliconukalude suraksha prolsaahippikkuka ennathaanu avarude praadhamika dauthyam. europian raasa vyavasaayam raasavasthukkalude (athicheral) niyamanirmmanam rajisttar cheyyaanum vilayiruthaanum adhikaarappeduthaanum thayyaaredukkumbol, daattayum chelavu pankidalum sugamamakkunnathinaayi silikkanukal, silaanukal, siloksaanukal ennivayude nirmmaathaakkalum irakkumathikkaarum adangunna oru kansorshyathinte roopeekaranathinu sii. iii. ezz neethrthwam nalkunnu.
surakshyum paaristhithika parigananakalum.
silikkan samyukthangal paristhithiyil vyaapakamaanu. prathyeka silikkan samyukthangalaaya cyclic siloxeyinukal dii4, dii5 enniva vaayu, jala malineekaranamaanu, koodaathe pareekshana mrugangalil prathikoola aarogya prathyaaghaathangal undaakkunnu. vividha vyakthigatha paricharana uthppannangalil avaa upayogikkunnu. europian chemicals ejansi "dii4 oru sthiravum bioacumulative, toxic (pbt) padaarthavum dii5 valare sthirathayullathum valare bioacumulative (vpvb) padaarthavumaanennu kandethi". mattu siliconukal eluppathil jaivavibhajanam cheiyunnu, kalimannu ulppede vividatharam kaattalistukal thwarithappeduthunna oru prakriya. sasthanikalile jaivaghadana samayat silanolukal undaakunnath cyclic siliconukalil ulppedunnuvennu theliyikkappettittund. thathfalamaayundaakunna silanediyolukalkkum silanetriyolukalkkum thermolisin, asattikkolinesttes thudangiya hydrolytic ensaimukale thadayaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, cyclomethicone adangiya upabhokthru uthppannangalumayi sanbarkkam pulartthunnathinte falamaayundaakunna alavukalekkaal kooduthalaanu prathirodhatthinu aavashyamaaya dosukal.
ooksijan adangiya anthareekshathil, pii. dii. emm. ezz formaldehydinte adayaalangal purathuvidunnu (ennaal polyethileen polulla mattu saadhaarana vasthukkalekkaal kuranja alavil.) eee thapanilayil, siliconukalkku mineral oayil, plaastikkukalekkaal kuranja formaldehyde uthppaadanam (uyarnna sthirathayulla silikkan rabbarinu 3 muthal 48 microgram ch2o/(g·hr) ll thaazhe, plaastikkukalkkum mineral oayil ennivaykku ekadesham 400 microgram ch2o/(g·hr)) undennu kandethi. ellah siliconukalum (1,200 muthal 4,600 microgram ch2o/(g·hr)) dhaaraalam formaldehyde ulppaadippikkunnuvennu kandethiyittundu.

