
jacobus dii vorajin

jacobus dii vorajin (sii. 123013/16 juulai 1298) oru itaaliyan charitrakaaranum genovayude aarch bishappumaayirunnu. madhyakaalakhattatthile ettavum janapriyamaaya mathaparamaya kruthikalil onnaayirunna madhyakaalakhattatthile mahanaaya vishudharude aithihaasika jeevithangalude samahaaramaaya "suvarnna ithihaasathinte" rachayithaav allengil kooduthal krithyamaayi samaaharthaav addehamaayirunnu.
jeevacharitram.
varassilo genovayilo janicha jacobus, yadhaarthathil varasseyil ninnullathum aaa peru vahikkunnathumaaya oru kudumbam akkaalat saakshyappeduthiyirunnu. 1244ll dominican kramatthil praveshicha addeham thudarchayaayi coomoo, bologna, aastti ennividangalil munpanthiyil ethi. italiyude pala bhagangalilum vijayakaramaayi prasamgikkunnathinu purame, swantham saahodaryamulla skoolukalilum addeham padippichu. 1267 muthal 1286 vare addeham lombardy pravishyayilaayirunnu, paareesile oordar meettingil addehathe neekkam cheythu. luca (1288), ferrara (1290) kaunsilukalilum addeham swantham pravishya prathinidheekarichu. 1285 muthal dominican oordaril praaveenyamullavanum oduvil 1291 epril 12-leeii oru marpappa kaalayal thante padavi nashtappeduthappettavanu muniyo dii samora sthaanabhrashtanaakkaanulla nicolas naalaaman maarppaappayude aagrahathe soochippikkunna naalu prathinidhikalil oraalaayirunnu addeham.
1288-ll chaals randaamanethire sisiliyanmaare sahaayichathin genovayile janangale kuttavimuktharakkaan nicolas addehathe adhikaarappeduthi. 1292-nte thudakkathil fraansiskan aaya athe marpappa, jinovayude aarch bishappine prathishtikkaan uddeshichu jacobusine romilek vilippichu. jaam njaayarazhcha (march 30) jacobus romilethi, thante rakshaadhikaarikk marakamaaya oru asukham baadhichathaayi kandethi, athil ninnu good frieday (epril 4) nuu addeham marichu. ennirunnaalum, kardinalmar, "propttar oonarem communis janue" ("genovayile kammyooninte bahumaanaartham"), eesttarinu sheshamulla njaayarazhcha eee prathishta nadatthaan theerumaanichu. addeham oru nalla bishappayirunnu, prathyekichu genova sivil kalahangal samaadhaanippikkaanulla addehathinte shramangaliloode addeham svayam verthirichu. eachard kredittinu yogyamallennu paraamarshicha oru katha, boniface VIII marpappa, lent cheytha aadya divasam, aarch bishappinte kannil charam idunnu, thalaykku pakaram, "nee oru gibellin aanennu oorkkuka, ninte saha gibellinmar shoonyathayilekku madangum."
1298-lum 1299-lum addeham marikkukayum genovayile dominican palliyil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu. 1816ll ezhaaman payas addehathe vishudhanaakki.
jolie cheiyunnu.
jacobus dii vorajin thante swantham kruthikalude oru pattika avasheshippichu. thante "kronikkon januvans" enna kruthiyil thannekkurichu samsaarichukond addeham parayunnu "thaan kramathilaayirunnappol, aarch bishappayi niyamikkappettathinusesham addeham niravadhi kruthikal ezhuthi. kaaranam addeham vishudharude ithihaasangal ("lejanda saantoram") oru vaalyathil samaaharichu, "historiya tripaartitha ettu scholastica" yill ninnum niravadhi ezhuthukaarude charitrangalil ninnum niravadhi karyangal chertthu."
sabha aaghoshikkunna vaarshika virunnukalude "ellah vishudhanmaareyum kurichulla prabhaashanangalude" rund anjjaatha vaalyangalaanu addeham avakaashappedunna mattu rachanakal. eee vaalyangalil onnu valare vyaapakamennum ennaal mattonn hraswavum samkshipthavumaanennum addeham kootticherkkunnu. thudarnnu varshathile ellah njaayarazhchakalilum "sermons dii oomnibas evangelis dominicalibus" pinthudaruka; "sermons dii oomnibas evangelis", athaayath.iii., aashh budhanaazhcha muthal eesttarinu sheshamulla chovvazhcha vare ellah suvisheshangaleyum kurichulla prabhaashanangalude oru pusthakavum "marialis, kyu totus esttu dii bii" enna grandhavum. attributeukal, sheershakangal muthalaayavayekkurichulla 160 oolam prabhashanangal ulkkollunna 'maria compositus'., kanyaka meriyude. athe kruthiyil aarch bishop thante episcopattinte randaam varshathil (1293) thante "kronikkan januvans" ezhuthiyathaayi avakaashappedunnu, pakshe athu 1296 allengil 1297 vare neendunilkkunnu.
1504ll venesil achadicha dominikkanmaarude prathirodham, 1271ll maricha oru dominican 'summa vertoottam ettu vittiyoram gillelmy peraldi' thudangi niravadhi kruthikal jacobasinte swantham pattikayil addehathinte jeevacharitrakaaranaaya jiovanni monliyoon cherkkunnu. siyenayude sixtus (biblioth) yilum jacobus parayappedunnu. sacra, "lib. ix) pazhayathum puthiyathumaaya niyamangal swantham bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheythu. "pakshe, dominican oordar jackwus echaardinte charithrakaaran kootticherkkunnu," "addeham angane cheythaal, pathipp valare aduthu marachuvechathinaal athinekkurichu oormmayilla", "koodaathe" "suvarnna ithihaasam" "samaaharicha manushyan eppozhengilum thiruvezhuthukal praadeshika bhashayil undaayirikkendathinte aavasyakatha sangalppichuvennathu valare asambhavyamaanennu kootticherkkaam".
suvarnna ithihaasam".
madhyakaalakhattatthile ettavum janapriyamaaya mathagrandhangalilonnaaya "suvarnna ithihaasam" madhyakala sabhayile mahanaaya vishudharude aithihaasika jeevithangalude oru shekharamaanu. lokacharithrathile vividha kaalaghattangalumaayi bandhapetta naalu kaalaghattangalaayi sabhaa varshathe aamukham vibhajikkunnu, vyathiyaanathinteyum naveekaranathinteyum anuranjanathinteyum theerthaadanatthinteyum samayam. ennirunnaalum, pusthakam thanne anchu vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkappettirikkunnu (eiii) varavu muthal chrismus vare (sisi. 1-5); (bii) chrismus muthal septhuvagesima vare (<aii. dii. 2>); (sii) septhuvagesima muthal eesttar vare (<aii. dii. 3>); (dii) eesttar divasam muthal penthakkosttinte ashtakam vare (<aii. dii. 4>); (iii) penthakkosttinte ashtakam muthal varavu vare (<aii. dii. 1>). vishudharude jeevitam saangalppika aithihyangalaal niranjirikkunnu, chila sandarbhangalil prathyeka sthalangalil, prathyekichu dominikkanmaare paraamarshichu, 13-aamm noottaandil nadanna athbhuthangalude vivaranagal adangiyirikkunnu. dii sancto pelajio pappa" enna avasana adhyaayathil (181) aaram noottaandinte madhyathil ninnu lombardy allengil "historiya lombardica" (lombardy charithram) yude veekshanakonil ninnu oru saarvathrika charithram adangiyirikkunnu. avasaanatheth (182) pallikalude samarppanathekkurichulla oru saangalppikamaaya anweshanamaanu, "sabhayude samarppanam".
golden legend" pathimoonnaam noottaandil kaattalan bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheyyappedukayum 1494ll barsalonayil aadyathe theeyathi pathipp prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. pathinalam noottaandil jeane belettu dii vigni oru franch pathipp nirmmichu. ekadesham 1469-ll oru laattin pathipp nirddeshikkappettittund; 1473-ll leonil prasidheekaricha oru theeyathi. noottaandinte avasaanathinu munbu mattu niravadhi laattin pathippukal achadichirunnu. maasttar joonn batteliyar 1476-ll ezhuthiya oru franch vivarthanam; jeane dii vigniyude paareesil 1488-ll prathyakshappettu; oru itaaliyan vivarthanam oronnum. manerbi (?venis, 1475); pilsenilum, 1495ll praagilum, oru check pathipp; kaakstaninte engleesh pathippukal, 1483,1487,1493; 1489ll oru jarmman pathipp. mothatthil, europil achadicha aadya anchu pathittaandukalil, "lejanda ooriya" yude pathippukal prathivarsham ekadesham rund nirakkil prathyakshappettu.
"sermons", "marriel".
ooriya" ennum vilikkappedunna jacobasinte shekharicha prabhashanangal "lejanda ooriya" pole thanne janapriyamaayirunnu. pathinanjaam noottaandile "prabhaashanangalude" niravadhi pathippukal ariyappedunnu; athesamayam addehathinte "marriel" 1497-ll venesilum 1503-ll paareesilum achadichu.
"kronikkon januvans".
jacobasinte mattoru pradhana kruthi addehathinte "kronikkan januvans" aanu, genova charithram. ithu panthrand bhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. aadyathe naalu vishayangal italiyude aadya rajaavu ennu vilikkappedunna athinte sthaapakanaaya jaanasinte kaalam muthal, randaamathe jaanas, "troiyude pouran", kristhuvinte abhiniveshathinu ekadesham irupathiyanchu varshathinusesham kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheiyunnathuvare, nagaratthinte puraanacharithrathekkurichaanu. anchaam bhagam nagaratthinte thudakkam, valarcha, poornatha ennivayekkurichu prasthaavikkunnu; ennaal aadya kaalaghattathekkurichu ezhuthukaaran kelvikaliloodeyallaathe thanikk onnum ariyillennu aathmaarthamaayi sammathikkunnu. randaam kaalaghattatthil kizhakk genois kurishuyuddham ulppedunnu, ithu krishikkaarkkethiraaya avarude vijayam vare vyaapikkunnu (c. 1130), moonnaamathethu aarch bishop enna nilayilulla rachayithaavinte naalukalilekku athunnu. aaram bhagam nagaratthinte bharanaghadanayumaayi bandhappettathaan, ezhaamatheyum ettaamatheyum bhagangal bharanaadhikaarikaludeyum pouranmaarudeyum kadamakalumaayi bandhappettathaan, onpathaamathethu gaarhika jeevithavumaayi bandhappettathaan. patthaam bhagam jinovayude aadyathe bishappaya sent vaalantaininte kaalam muthalulla sabhaparamaaya charithram nalkunnu, "addeham ekadesham 530 eiii. jeevichirunnuvennu njangal vishwasikkunnu.dii.", 1133 vare, nagaram archipiscopal rankilekku uyarthappedunnathuvare. pathinonnam nambaril ellah bishappumaarudeyum jeevithangal kramatthil ulkkollunnu, koodaathe avarude episcopateukalile pradhana sambhavangal ulppedunnu; panthrandaam nambar ezhuthukaarane thanne marakkathe aarch bishappukalumayi athe reethiyil edapedunnu.
marian kazhchakal.
sermons dii saanktis perr sarkulam aanii felisittar", "lauds beette maria virjinis" ennee niravadhi marian prabhaashanangalude velichathil jacobus mariologyil prasakthanaan. addeham meriyude athbhuthangal vivarikkukayum merian perunnaal divasangalil prathyeka praadeshika aachaarangalum upayogangalum vishadeekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee upayogangalil bhooribhaagavum nilavillillaathathinaal, madhyakala merian aachaarangalekkurichulla padanatthinulla oru moolyavathaaya uravidamaayi jacobus dii varajin pravartthikkunnu. daivavum manushyarashiyum thammilulla madhyasthayaayi meriye kaanunna niravadhi kristhyan ezhuthukaaril aadyatheyaalaanu daivashaasthraparamaayi jacobus. kristhuvinte nigooda shareerathekkurichulla addehathinte kazhchappadil, kristhuvil ninnu addehathinte shareerathilekku "ellah" anugrahangalum ozhukunna "kazhuthu" aanu aval. eee kaazhchappaad pinneedu siyenayile bernardino ettavum aduthide irupathaam noottaandile prashastha maariyolajistukaliloraa gabriel roshiniyum pankittu.

