ignacy pottokki

ignacy potokki (; 1750-1809) ennariyappedunna kaundu roman ignacy potokki, oru poolish prabhuvum swaadheenamulla magnet potokki kudumbatthile amgavum clementovisinteyum olesinteyum (kurovinaduthulla) udamayum raashtreeyakkaaranum ezhuthukaaranum oafees udamayum aayirunnu. addeham aii. dii. 1-leeii sthiram kaunsilinte (raada niyustaajaaka) marshell, 1773 muthal lithwaniayile grand clerk, 1783 muthal lithwaniayile court marshell, 1791 epril 16 muthal 1794 vare lithwaniayile grand marshell ennee nilakalil pravarthichu.
addeham oru vidyaabhyaasa pravartthakanum deseeya vidyaabhyaasa kammeeshan amgavum praadhamika paatapusthakangalude thudakkakkaaranum sosaittiyude presidentumaanu. presidentumaanu 1770kalilum staanislo randaaman raajaavinte ethiraaliyum aaa kaalaghattatthile poolish raashtreeyathile oru pradhana vyakthiyumaayirunnu addeham. mahathaaya sejminte samayat addeham desasnehiyaaya party parishkarana prasthaanathinteyum neethaavaayirunnu, oduvil niravadhi parishkarana padhathikalil raajaavine pinthunachu. prussian anukoola aabhimukhyathinte vakthavaaya addeham 1790ll prashyayumaayi oru sakhyam avasaanippikkaan sahayichu. 1791 meyy 3-leeii bharanaghadanayude saha-rachayithaavaayirunnu addeham.
jeevitam.
cheruppam.
1750 februvari februvari radsinil swaadheenamulla magnet potokki kudumbathilaanu potokki janichathu. jersey maikkal potokki, jaann nepomussen eric potokki, staanislaa costca potokki ennivarude sahodaranaaya yoostaachi potokkiyudeyum mariana kattskayudeyum makanaayirunnu addeham.
vaarsoyile collegium nobiliyathinte poorvva vidyaarthiyaayirunnu potokki, avide addeham 1765 muthal romile daivashaasthravum niyamavum padichu, avide addeham 1769 vare collegium nazarenathil chernnu. addehathinte maathaapithaakkal addehathe purohitharude raankukalil cheraan uddeshichirunnuvenkilum addeham eee paatha pinthudaraan visammathichu. italiyiloodeyum jarmmaniyiloodeyum sanjaricha sesham 1771 oode addeham polandilekku madangi. 1772 desember 27 nuu addeham elsbiyatta lubomirska vivaham kazhichu. eee vivaham addehathe kudumbatthile rashtreeya vibhagavumaayi aduppichu. kudumbatthinte adutha nethaavaayi valarthappettukond, thudakkathil thanne, potokki thante samakaalikaril palarilum valia swaadheenam chelutthi. 1772 muthal staanislaav randaaman raajaavinte vyaazhaazhchathe athaazhavirunninu addehathe kshanichu.
rashtreeya jeevitam.
lokathile aadyathe vidyaabhyaasa manthraalayamaaya polandinte deseeya vidyaabhyaasa kammeeshan (') amgamenna nilayil addeham praadhamika paatapusthakangalkkayulla sosaittiyude thudakkakkaaranum adhyakshanumaayirunnu (', 1775 ll sthaapithamaayathu). addeham saluskiyude libraryude naveekaranathinu adhyakshatha vahichu (1774-ll). charitra paatyapadhathi polulla niravadhi padhathikalude vikasanathil addeham earppettirunnu. 1781-ll addeham craco academyile hugo kolaathaajinte pravartthanangal avalokanam cheyyukayum amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. vidyaabhyaasa padhathikalumaayulla pankaalittham addehathinu "bucklars" (baccalarius birudam, adhyaapakan) enna vilipperu nedikkodutthu. vidyaabhyaasa parishkarangalumaayulla addehathinte pankaalittham grettu sejminte (1788-1792) kaalaghattatthil maathramaan kurachathu, addeham vishalamaaya parishkarana padhathiyil kooduthal kooduthal earppettirikkayaayirunu.
1773 meyy meyy addehathinu lithwaniayile mahanaaya gumastan (ezhuthukaaran) padavi labhichu, thaarathamyena thaazhnna raankulla eee sthaanam pottokki kudumbatthile dhanikarkk thaazheyaanennu chilar karuthi. karuthi vibhajana sejamil addeham pankedutthu, avide addeham niravadhi kammeeshanukalil irunnu. rajaavinu ethiraayi svayam kanda addeham 1774 maarchil thanikk vaagdaanam cheytha sthiramaaya kaunsilil oru seett nirasichu. aaa varsham juulai 14 nuu vishudha staanislosinte utharavode rajaavu addehathe samaadhaanippikkaan shramichuvenkilum athu potokiye thante pakshatthekku konduvaraan parajayappettu. pakaram, adutha onnara pathittaandolam, potokki thante pradhana rashtreeya vimarshakarilum athiraalikalilum oralaayi; 1776-ll rajaavinteyum russian ambasadaraaya oottoo magnus voonn staakkalberginteyum adikaaram parimithappedutthiyathinu addeham moscoylake pooyi. aaa varsham pinneedu, sejmilekkulla addehathinte thiranjeduppu tharkkathilaavukayum rajaavinum stackleberginum addehathinte thiranjeduppu thadayaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1778-ll rajaavum stackleberg thammilulla vardhichuvarunna villal rashtreeya thanthrangaliloode sejathinte sthiram kaunsil maarshalinte adhyakshasthaanam ettedukkaan addehathe anuvadichu. aaa varsham addeham velutha kazhukante oordarile oru kuthirayayi maari.
1779ll potokki freemasonaryil cherukayum 1780 aayappozhekkum addeham oru freemasonary lodginte thalavanayi maarukayum cheythu. addeham "kudumbatthinte" "yadhaartha" thalavanaayitheerukayum raajavirudha prathipakshatthinte (1783ll addehathinte maranashesham athinte muun nethaavaaya staanislaav lubomirsky pingamiyaayi) thalavanaayitheerukayum cheythu. aaa varsham addehathinte bhaaryayude pettennulla maranavum kandu. italiyilekkum fransilekkum nadatthiya oru yaathrayil, kudumbatthinte swaadheenathinte falamaayi addeham lithwaniayile court marshell offeesilekku niyamikkapettu. niyamikkapettu 1784lum sejmukalil vividha rajakeeya padhathikale addeham ethirkkunnathu thudarnnu. 1785ll rajaavu visham nalkaan shramichuvennu vyaajamaayi aaropikkapetta dogrumova bandhatthil pankuchernnathinu addehathinu kurachu mukham nashtappettu.
polandile gurutharamaaya parishkaarangalkk russiayude pinthunayillaaymayil niraasanaaya addeham pakaram prussia rajyavumaayi oru sakhyathe anukoolichu. ithu royal virudha prathipakshatthinte pilarppinu kaaranamaayittundengilum, 1788-ll mahathaaya sejam aarambhichappol prathipaksha nethaavaayi (desasnehiyaaya party) addehathe kandu. chila prarambha rashtreeya kaimattangalkk sesham, prashyayumaayulla adutha bandhatthinte prashnangalum (athu oduvil poolish-russian sakhyamayi valarnnu) 1789-ll addeham aduthu edapetta sarkkaarinte oru pradhana parishkaranavum thwarithappeduthaan thudangi. aadyam oru republican roopamaaya oru sarkkaarine kooduthal pinthunachu, rashtreeya yaadhaarthyam (1790 leeii thiranjeduppil rajakeeya vibhaagathinte vijayam polullava) kooduthal bharanaghadanaaparamaaya rajavaazhcha sameepanam sweekarikkaan kaaranamaayi. 1790-ll, sipiyon piyaattoliyude madhyasthathayiloode, rajaavum potokkiyum orumichu kooduthal adukkaan thudangi, oru karadu rekhayil pravarthichu, athu oduvil 1791 meyy 3-nuu bharanaghadanayaayi maari. poniyattovsky, kolataj, piyaattoli ennivaykkoppam aaa rekhayude pradhana rachayithaakkalil oralaayi addeham kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1791 meyy meyy bharanaghadana pasakia ardha attimari addeham pinthunachu.
1791 meyy meyy addeham deseeya vidyaabhyaasa commissionile thante sthaanam raajivachu puthuthayi roopeekaricha niyamapalakaraaya gavanmentil (police mantri) niyamanam nedi. 1792 march muthal addeham yudhamanthriyaayum sevanamanushtichu. 1792-leeii bharanaghadanaye prathirodhikkunathinulla yudhathil, prussian sarkkaaril ninnu sahayam abhyarthikkaan addeham berlinilekk oru parajayappetta nayatantra dauthyathinu pooyi. 1792 juulai juulai pettennulla vishaadam addehathe mantri sthaanangal raajivaykkaan prerippichu. targovica konfedareshante shabdamullah ethiraaliyum orupakshe oru anjjaatha aanti-targovica laghupathrikayude rachayithaavumaaya addehathodu russian sarkkar charchakalil earppedaruthennu prathyekamaayi abhyarthichu; poniyattovskyude praveshanathinu sheshavum addeham targovica konfedareshanil cheraan visammathichu.
avasana varshangal.
targovica konfedareshanteyum meyy 3-aamm bharanaghadanayudeyum vijayathethudarnnu, pottokki poolish-lithwanian komanveltthil ninnu kudiyeri leapsigil sthirathaamasamaakki. franch-poolish sakhya republicukalkkaayi addeham tadeyas koshyaskoyumaayi chernnu oru padhathi nirddeshichu, pakshe fraansil athinu valia pinthuna labhichilla. meyy 3 leeii poolish bharanaghadanayude dattheduppum pathanavum" ("ooo ustaanoviyenu aii upadku konstitookji polskyej 3-goo maja", 1793) enna kruthiyude saha-rachayithaavaayirunnu addeham.
addeham koshyasko kalaapathinulla thayyaareduppil potokki pankedutthu. epril aadyam addeham leapsig vittu cracoviletthi. kalaapakaarikalude pinthuna nedaanulla vyarthamaaya shramathil vividha videsha shakthikalumayi parajayappetta nayatantra charchakalil addeham earppettu. kalaapasamayath addeham paramonnatha deseeya kaunsil ("" ") amgamaayum athinte nayatantra vakuppinte medaaviyaayum sevanamanushtichu. prakshobham adichamarthappettathinum, veendum kudiyerunnathinupakaram, addeham keezhadangal charchakalil pankedutthu, athu addehathinu pala konukalilum bahumanam nedikkodutthu. oduvil 1794 desember desember russian saarist adhikaarikal addehathe jayililadachu. kalaapathethudarnn addehathinte bhooribhaagam swathukkalum kandukettappettathinal addehathinu thante sambathinte bhooribhaagavum nashtappettu. nashtappettu muthalulla kadangal thirichadaykkaanulla kazhivillaaymayethudarnna jeevithaavasaanathode addeham aswasthanaakum.
1796ll purathirangiya catherine dhii grettinte maranathethudarnnu pottokki pulovi kaundiyile (central polandu) kurovilekku viramichu. avide addeham charithrapadanatthinaayi svayam samarppikkukayum niravadhi pusthakangal, vivarthanangal, vyaakhyaanangal enniva prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. addeham kavithakalum ezhuthiyittundengilum avaa addehathinte jeevithakaalathu orikkalum prasidheekarikkappettilla. niravadhi anjjaatha kruthikalude (praadhamikamaayi rashtreeya laghupathrikakal) rachayithavaakaan saadhyathayulla addehathekkurichu charitrakaaranmaar ippozhum charcha cheiyunnu. oru puthiya kalapathekkurichu charcha cheiyunna pravartthakaril ninnu addeham svayam akannu, ennirunnaalum aastriyan adhikaarikal addehathe veendum arast cheyyukayum jayililadaykkukayum cheythu. 1801-ll addeham varso scientific sosaittiyil chernnu. galeeshyayude bhooribhaagavum nepolian mochippikkukayum dachiyude vaarsoyumaayi bandhappedukayum cheythathinu thottupinnaale addeham raashtreeyathilekku madangi. dresdonile neppoliyante charchaykkide addehathinu kadutha vayarilakkam sambhavikkukayum 1809 august august addeham marikkukayum cheythu. addehathe vilaanovil samskarichu.
addehathinu nerittulla pingaamikalillaayirunnu, avasheshikkunna addehathinte eaka makal kristeena (jananam 1778) 1800-ll marichu. addehathinte kurachukidakkunna estettukal anantharavanaaya alexander potokkikk paarambaryamaayi labhichu.
oormmappeduthal.
swakaarya jeevithathil, choothaattatthil addehathinu oru balaheenathayundaayirunnuvennu parayappedunnu, ennaal raajyathinte nanmaye swantham nanmaykku mukalil nirthunna sathyasandhanaaya oru parishkartthaavinte perilum addeham ariyappettirunnu.
jaann maadejkoyude 1891 leeii paintingaaya "1791 meyy 3 leeii bharanaghadana" yill anashwaramaaya vyakthikalil oraalaan addeham."

