
chathuppunila sidhaantham

vietnaam yudhathil amerikkayude pankaalitthatthinte kaaranam chathuppunila sidhaantham vishadeekarikkunnu. american nethaakkal manappoorvvam raajyathe vietnaam yudhathilekku nayikkukayum thettayi nayikkukayum cheythathayi chathuppunila sidhaantham soochippikkunnu. vietnaam yudhathinte "yaadhaasthithika" vyaakhyaanamaayi eee sidhaanthathe tharamthirichittundu.
sidhaantham.
david haalbarstaaminte yuu enna vivaranathil ninnaan chathuppunila sidhaantham varunnath.ezz. viyatnaamile sainika nayam, oru chathuppunilatthinte nirmmaanam. yudhasamayathu viyatnaamil nilayurappichirunna newyork times reporteraaya halberstaam, oru rahasya vadakkan vietnaamees ejantaaya phaam suwan productumaayi chernnu pravarthichu. 1964ll halberstaam vietnaam vidukayum aaa varsham anthaaraashtra reportinginulla pulitsar sammanam nedukayum cheythu. viyatnaamile yuddham report cheiyunna pathrapravartthakar nirnaayakamaayirunnu, kaaranam american janathaykku labhicha mattu reporting sarkkaaril ninnullathaayirunnu. yudhasamayathu viyatnaamil samayam chelavazhicha halberstaamum mattu reportermaarum swantham annukal kondu karyangal kaanukayum eee sambhavangal american janathayodu vivarikkan kazhiyukayum cheythu, ithu chilarude yudhathekkurichulla kaazhchappaadine maattimarichu.
arther schlessinger thante 'dhaa kauttar heritteju' enna pusthakatthil eee sidhaantham kooduthal aazhathil vikasippicheduthu. schlessinger oru yuu aayirunnu.ezz. president joonn eph.-nte prathyeka sahayiyum kodathi charithrakaaranumaayi sevanamanushticha charithrakaaran. kennidi. kwagmayar sidhaanthamanusarichu, schlessinger vivarichathupole, kwagmayar roopakam yuu enna ottathavana prakriya prathinidheekarikkunnu.ezz. ashradhamaayi viyatnaaminte sainika, nayatantra chathuppil kudungi.
american thaalpparyathinu nirakkaathathum ashradhamaaya theerumaanamedukkalinteyum thettaaya pratheekshayudeyum falamaayundaaya oru yudhathil american pankaalitthatthinte prakriya schlessinger vishadeekarichu.
thirinjunokkumbol, vietnaam ashradhayude raashtreeyathinte vijayamaan. sariyaayathum manappoorvvavumaaya parigananaykk sheshamalla, marichu cheria theerumaanangalude oru parambarayiloodeyaanu naam nammude ippozhathe keniyil athichernnathu. kuttakkaare kandethunnathu veruthe cheiyunnathalla, marichu aneethiyaanu. american prathibaddhatha aazhathilaakkunnathinulla oro chuvadum akkaalat avasaanatheth aavasyamaanennu nyayamaayum kanakkaakkappettirunnu. ennirunnaalum, munkaalangalil nokkumbol, oro chuvadum aduthathilekku maathrame nayichulloo, american thanthranjarude aaa pediswapnatthil, eshyayile oru karayudhathil-oru presidentum illaatha oru yudhathil naam innu kudungikkidakkunnu... aagrahichatho uddeshichatho aayava.
eee yuddham "villanmaarillatha oru durantham" aanennu schlessinger vishwasikkukayum viyatnaamil njangale ulppeduthaan prerippikkunna ettavum swaadheenamulla gadakamaayi kammyoonisathekkaal deseeyathaye thirichariyukayum cheythu. yuu.ezz. vietnaam undakkiyekkaavunna saambathika, suraksha apakadangalekkurichulla kanakk athishayokthiparamaayirunnu. viyatnaamile sthithigathikalekkurichulla thettaaya vilayiruthal yuu. esine nayichu.ezz. chathuppunila sidhaanthamanusarichu vietnaam yudhathinu kaaranamaaya thettaaya theerumaanangalude oru parambarayilekku neethrthwam nalkuka.
vietnaamum yuu.ezz. charithram.
1887ll franchukaar raajyathe kolanivalkkarichathodeyanu vietnaam katha aarambhichath. 1941ll jappan viyatnaamine aakramich saamrajyam vipuleekarikkaan shramichu. japanese janataye vijayakaramaayi thurathunnathinaayi communist garilla grouppaaya viyatmin roopeekarichu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham haari ezz. truman, niyanthranatthinte videsanayam sthaapichu. 1946ll aadyamaayi avatharippicha eee lakshyam kammyoonisathe niyantrikkaanum athu lokamembaadum vyaapikkaathirikkaan sramikkuka ennathaayirunnu. athe varsham thanne aadyathe intho chaina yuddham aarambhichu. viyatminnum franchukaarum thammilulla eee yuddham viyattminninte nirnnayaka vijayamaya dien biyan phu yudhathode avasaanichu. 1954-leeii janeeva kanvenshanil amgeekaricha 17-aamm samaantharamaayi vibhajikkapetta communist bharikkunna vadakkum thekkum enningane rund samsthaanangal aadyathe indochina yudhathil ninnu uyarnnuvannu. taamasiyaathe, 1955-ll vadakkum thekkum thammil yuddham pottipurappettu. domino sidhaantham, aaa kaalaghattatthil nannayi amgeekarikkappetta oru sidhaanthamaanu, ithu dwait dii avatharippichu. oru raajyam kammyoonisathilekk veezhaan idayaakkiyaal thekkukizhakkan eshyayude backie bhagam kammyoonisathilekk veezhum ennu isenhover prasthaavichu.
yuu.munnariyippillathe edapedal vannilla. franch president chaals dii gaul joonn eph. vietnaam oru "adithattillaatha sainikavum raashtreeyavumaaya chathuppunilamaayirunnu" ennu addeham paranju.". 1963ll sii. aii. eyude amgeekaarathode thekkan vietnaam president engo dhiin deam sthaanabhrashtanaakkappedum kollappedukayum cheythu. ithu thekkan vietnaamees raashtreeyathil oru prakshubdhamaaya kaalaghattatthinu kaaranamaayi, niravadhi nethaakkal chumathalayelkkukayum pinneedu vegathil adikaaram nashtappedukayum cheythu. ithu thekk prathyayashaasthraparamaaya shakthikendrangal sthaapikkaan vadakkott anuvadichu.
1963 octoberil president kenneddy newyork timesinte prasadhakanaaya arther sulzbergerode viyatnaamil ninnu halberstaam neekkam cheyyaan aavasyappettu. reportermark avarude swantham srothassukal vikasippikkaanum vivarangalkkayi sarkkar srothassukale aashrayikkaathirikkaanum kazhiyunna deerghadoora yaathrakalkk pakaram saigonilekk hraswa yathrakal nadathanamennum vaitt house nirddeshichu. ennirunnaalum, eee nirddesham aavasyamulla phalam nalkiyilla, ithu eee vishayathil kooduthal shradha kendreekarichu. yuu.ezz. ore samayam niravadhi yudhangal nadatthaan shramichuvennu viyatnaamile maadhyamapravarthakar aaropichu. thekkan vietnaamees sainikare upadesikkaanum parisheelippikkaanum sramikkukayum yudhakkalathil avarkk ganyamaaya vijayangal nalkunnathil paraajayappedukayum cheythukondu weatcong, communism, vadakkan vietnaamees ennivaye oresamayam neridukayaayirunno?
1964ll gulf oof tonkin sambhavam mejar yuu enna peril oru sambhavathin thudakkamittu.ezz pankaalittham. vadakkan viyatnaaminte theerathu, yuu.ezz.moonnu vadakkan vietnaamees bottukalumaayi madox ettumuttalil earppettu. madox bottukalkku nere munnariyipp nalki vediyuthirthathaayi reportund. thudarnnu bottukal madoxine akramikkukayum mesheen gann vedivayppu nadathukayum torpidokal ayaykkukayum cheythu. madox thirichadichu, moonnu bottukalilum idichu. eee sambhavathil ninnu yuu anuvadikkunna tonkin resolution gulf vannu.ezz. communist aakramanathe bhayakkunna thekkukizhakkan eshyan raajyangale sahayikkuka. adutha varsham, yuu.sainikarude pankaalittham 200,000 aayi uyarnnu. 1969 aayappozhekkum sainikarude ennam 549,000 aayi uyarnnu.
1973ll paarees samadhana udambadikal amgeekarikkappedukayum yuu. ezz. eiii. audyogikamaayi avasanippikkukayum cheythu.viyatnaamile pankaalittham. 1973ll athinte avasana sainikar avideninnu pooyi.

