
angiography

dhamanikal, sirakal, hridaya arakal ennivayil prathyeka thaalpparyamulla shareerathinte rakthakkuzhalukaludeyum avayavangaludeyum akathu allengil lumen drishyavalkkarikkaan upayogikkunna oru medical imaging saankethikathayaanu angiography allengil arteriography. rakthakkuzhalilekku oru radio-opakk kontraast ejantu kuthivachu fluoroscopy polulla ex-reey adhishtitha saankethikavidyakal upayogichu imaging cheythaanu aadhunika angiography nadathunnathu.
greak padangalaaya 'anjian' 'paatra', 'graphine' 'ezhuthuka, rekhappeduthuka' ennivayil ninnaan eee vaakk vannath. rakthakkuzhalukalude philim allengil chithrathe "angiograph" allengil kooduthal saadhaaranayaayi "anjiogram" ennu vilikkunnu. eee vaakkin oru arteriogramineyum venogramineyum vivarikkan kazhiyumenkilum, dainamdina upayogathil anjiogram, arteriogram ennee padangal palappozhum paryaayamaayi upayogikkunnu, athesamayam venogram enna padam kooduthal krithyamaayi upayogikkunnu.
radionuclide angiography puthiya vascular imaging teknikkukalaaya sii. oo. 2 angiography, sidi angiography, emm. angiography ennivaykkum angiography enna padam prayogichittundu. isotope angiography" enna padavum upayogichittundu, ennirunnaalum ithine kooduthal krithyamaayi isotope perfusion scanning ennu vilikkunnu.
charithram.
tumours, artari disease, arteriovanus vaikalyangal thudangiya niravadhi tharatthilulla naadeerogangal nirnnayikkunnathinaayi ex-reey cerebral angiography nalkunnathinaayi 1927 ll lisbone sarvakalaashaalayile porchugees doctor neurologistumaaya egas monis aanu eee saankethikavidya aadyamaayi vikasippichath. eee mekhalayile munnirakkaaranaayi monis amgeekarikkappedunnu. 1927ll lisbonil addeham aadyathe cerebral anjiogram nadathukayum 1929ll athe nagaratthil reynaldo doses santos aadyathe iortogram nadathukayum cheythu. vaasthavathil, lisbone sarvakalashaalayil porchugeesukaar nilavilulla niravadhi angiography saankethikavidyakal vikasippichu. udaaharanathinu, 1932-ll, lopo dii carvalho mikacha amgathinte sira panchar vazhi aadyathe pulmonary anjiogram nadatthi. 1948ll susa pererayaan aadyathe cavogram nadathiyathu. 1953ll seldinger saankethikavidya avatharippichathode, vascular lumenil nilkkaan moorchayulla aamukha upakaranangalonnum aavasyamillaathathinaal eee nadapadikramam valare surakshithamaayi. angiographiculla radial axus technic 1989 ll kandethanakum, oru coronary anjiogram nadatthaan lucian campeo aadyamaayi radial dhamani canolate cheythu.
saankethikavidya.
aanjiyograaminte tharatthe aashrayich, rakthakkuzhalukalilekkulla praveshanam saadhaaranayaayi femoral artari vazhiyo, hridayathinte idathuvashathum dhamanikalude samvidaanathilum; allengil hridayathinte valathuvasathum sirakalude samvidaanathilum nokkunnathinu jugular allengil femoral sira vazhiyo aanu labhikkunnath. guide vayarukaludeyum katheettarukaludeyum oru samvidaanam upayogichu, oru tharam kontraast ejantu (ex-reey agiranam cheiyunnathiloode kaanikkunnu), rakthathilekku cherkkunnu, ithu ex-reey chithrangalil drishyamaakunnu.
edutha ex-reey chithrangal onnukil nischalamaayirikkaam, oru imej intensifayariloo philimilo allengil chalana chithrangalilum pradarshippikkaam. hridayam ozhikeyulla ellah gadanakalkkum, chithrangal saadhaaranayaayi digital vyavakalanam angiography allengil dsa enna saankethikavidya upayogichaanu edukkunnathu. eee saahacharyathil chithrangal saadhaaranayaayi secondil 2-3 frameukalil edukkunnu, ithu interventional radiologistine oru naalatthiloodeyo naalangaliloodeyo rakthathinte ozhukk vilayiruthaan anuvadikkunnu. eee saankethikavidya ellukaleyum mattu avayavangaleyum "kuraykkunnu" athinaal kontraast ejantu niracha pathrangal maathrame kaanaan kazhiyoo. hridayachithrangal secondil 15-30 frameukalilaanu edukkunnathu, oru vyavakalanam saankethikavidya upayogichalla. rogi nischalamaayi thudarendathinaal, ithu hridayathil upayogikkaan kazhiyilla. eee rund saankethikavidyakalum interventional radiologistineyo cardiologistineyo rakthakuzhalinullil rakthapravahathe thadayukayum vedanayundaakkukayum cheiyunna stenosis (thadassangal allengil idungal) kaanaan prapthamaakkunnu.
nadapadikramam poortthiyaaya sesham, femoral technic prayogikkukayaanenkil, axus-saitt sankeernathakal thadayunnathinaayi dhamanikalile praveshana sthalam onnukil swamedhayaa compress cheiyukayo staapal cheytha shutt cheiyukayo allengil thunnal cheiyukayo cheiyunnu.
upayogikkunnu.
coronary angiography.
ettavum saadhaaranamaaya aanjiyograamukalilonn coronary dhamanikal drishyavalkkarikkuka ennathaanu. katheettar ennariyappedunna neelamullathum nertthathum vazhakkamullathumaya tube drishyavalkkarikkenda aavasyamulla sthalathu ex-reey kontraast ejantu nalkaan upayogikkunnu. katheettar kaithandayile oru dhamaniyilekk izhayukayum agram dhamanikaliloode pradhana coronary dhamaniyilekk munnerukayum cheiyunnu. coronary dhamanikalilekku ozhukunna rakthathinullile shanikamaaya radio kontraast vitharanathinte ex-reey chithrangal dhamanikalude thurakkalukalude valuppam drishyavalkkarikkaan anuvadikkunnu. dhamanikalude chuvarukalkkullil rakthapravaham allengil rakthapravaahathinte saannidhyam allengil abhavam vyakthamaayi nirnnayikkaan kazhiyilla.
coronary artari stenosis allengil rakthakkuzhalinte idungal enniva drishyavalkkarikkaan coronary angiographic kazhiyum. rakthakkuzhalukalude idungiya bhaagangalude lumeninte veethiye aduthulla rakthakkuzhalukalude vishalamaaya bhagangalumaayi thaarathamyam cheythukondu stenosisinte alavu nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum.
cerebral angiography.
arteriovanus vaikalyangalum anyoorisangalum ulppedeyulla asaadhaaranathakal kandethunnathinu cerebral angiography thalachorilum chuttumulla rakthakkuzhalukalude chithrangal nalkunnu. oru saadhaarana cerebral angiographic prakriya neuro-vascular digital vyavakalanam angiography.
pulmonary angiography.
pulmonary angiography pulmonary vessalukalude shareeraghadana drishyavalkkarikkaan upayogikkunnu.
peripheral angiography.
vrukkasambandhamaaya stenosis (ithu saadhaaranayaayi uyarnna rakthasammardhathinu kaaranamaakunnu) ulla rogikalil kaalukalilekkum kaalukalilekkum rakthayottam kurayunnathu moolam legg claudication allengil "cramps" ulla rogikalil idungunna naalangal thirichariyunnathinum angiography saadhaaranayaayi nadathunnu, ithu strock kandethunnathinum nannakkunnathinum thalayil upayogikkaam. ivayellaam pathivayi femoral aarttariyiloode cheiyunnu, ennaal brackial allengil aaksilari (aam) aarttariyiloodeyum ithu nadatthaam. kandethiya eathenkilum stenosukal baloon angioplasty, stenting allengil etherectomy enniva upayogichu chikilsikkaam.
fluorescine angiography.
fluorescent dye rakthapravaahathilekk kuthivaykkunna oru medical prakriyayaan fluorescen angiography. kanninte pinbhaagathulla rakthakkuzhalukale foto edukkaan dye hailait cheiyunnu. eee parisodhana palappozhum kanninte vaikalyangal niyantrikkaan upayogikkunnu.
oktt angiography.
kanninte chithram varaykkaan infrared prakasham upayogikkunna saankethikavidyayaanu opttikkal coherance tomography (oktt), prathyekichu rettinayude uparithalathinu pinnile micro structure kaanunnathin rettinayilekku thulachukayarunnu.
rettinayude rakthakkuzhalukalude aarogyam vilayiruthunnathinayi oktt saankethikavidyaye prayojanappeduthunna oru reethiyaanu oktulaar oktt angiography (oktta).
microangiography.
cheria rakthakkuzhalukal drishyavalkkarikkaan microangiography saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu.
postmortem sii. tii. angiography.
medicolegal kesukalkkulla postmortem sidi angiography thudakkathil vertopsy group vikasippichedutha oru reethiyaanu. aaa padhathiyil ninnu uthbhavicha jala, enna mishrithangal vilayiruthiyittundu.
ennamayamulla laayanikalkk malinajalam shekharikkunnathinu prathyeka nikshepa upakaranangal aavashyamaanenkilum, jalamulla laayanikal prashnamillaathathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. postmortem sii. tii tii. tissue deferentiation vardhippikkunnathinu jalasambharanikalum rekhappeduthiyittundu, ennaal ennamayamulla draavanangal illa. neremarichu, ennamayamulla laayanikal thudarnnulla vishashaasthraparamaaya vishakalanathe ettavum kuranja reethiyil thadassappeduthunnathaayi thonnunnu, athesamayam jalamulla laayanikal vishashaasthraparamaaya vishakalanathe ganyamaayi thadassappeduthiyekkaam, athinaal postmortem sidi angiographic munbu raktha sample samrakshanam aavasyamaanu.
sankeernathakal.
angiography thaarathamyena surakshithamaaya oru prakriyayaan. ennaal ithinu chila cheruthum valare kuravullathumaaya sankeernathakalundu. anjiograminu sesham, pettennulla shock sasthrakriya nadakkunna sthalathu cheria vedanayundaakkiyekkaam, pakshe hridayaaghaathavum strock saadhaaranayaayi undaakilla, kaaranam avaa baipas shasthrakriyayilaayirikkaam.
cerebral angiography.
cerebral angiography pradhana sankeernathakalaaya digital vyavakalanam angiography allengil kontraast emm. aarr. aii ennivayum apoorvamaanu, ennaal strock, mattu marunnukaloo kontraast mediamo ulla allergy prathikaranam, kaalile axus sirakalilonninu thadassam allengil kedupaadukal, panchar saittile seudoenurism; allengil thrombosis, embolism roopeekaranam enniva ulppedunnu. kontraast kuthivaykkunna sthalathu rakthasraavamo murivukaloo cheria sankeernathakalaanu, kaalathamasam varuthiya rakthasravavum sambhavikkam, pakshe apoorvamaanu.
adhika apakadasadhyathakal.
saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna kontraast meediyam kurachu sekkantukal maathram neendunilkkunna choodinte samvedanam srishtikkunnu, pakshe kuthivayppu pradeshathu ithu kooduthal anubhavappedaam. rogikk kontraast mediathode alarjiyundengil, kooduthal gurutharamaaya paarshwafalangal anivaaryamaan; ennirunnaalum, puthiya kontraast ejantukal ullathinaal gurutharamaaya prathikaranatthinulla saadhyatha 80,000 parisodhanakalil onnil kuravaanu. koodaathe, panchar/kuthivayppu nadanna sthalathum katheettar kadannupokumbol rakthakkuzhalukalude arikilum kedupaadukal sambhavikkam. pakaram digital vyavakalanam angiography upayogikkukayaanenkil, apakadasadhyathakal ganyamaayi kurayum, kaaranam katheettar rakthakkuzhalukalilekk kadakkendathilla; angane kedupaadukalo thadassangalo undakanulla saadhyatha kuraykkunnu.
anubadha.
shudhamallaatha nadapadikramangalil antibiotic prophylaxis nalkaam, allengil infarcted allengil necrotic tissukal uthppaadippikkunnathin kaaranamakunna shudhamaaya nadapadikramangal nalkaam. pathiv diagnostic angiography palappozhum oru shudhamaaya prakriyayayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. rogabadhithamaaya sthalathu ninnu rakthapravaahathilekk anubadha thadayunnathinum rogaprathirodham nalkunnu.
thrombosis.
dhamanikalude pancharinu sesham thrombosisinu kaaranamakunna aarr apakada gadakangalunda thaazhnna rakthasammardham, cheria dhamanikalude vyaasam, onniladhikam panchar sramangal, deerghakaala canulation, vasopressor/inotropic ejantumaarude upayogam, side holukalulla katheettarukalude upayogam.

