aathidheya-rogakaarikalude edapedal

oru tanmatra, sellular, jeevajalam allengil janasamkhya thalatthil aathidheya jeevikalkkullil sookshumaanukkalo virusukaloo engane nilanilkkunnu ennathine hoost-pathojan edapedal nirvachikkunnu. ellah aathidheyarkkum rogam undaakkaathirikkaamenkilum rogamundaakkunna sookshumaanukkale soochippikkaan eee padam saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu. ekkaaranathaal, ariyappedunna rogakaarikal avayude aathidheyathinullil engane nilanilkkunnu ennathilekku nirvachanam vipuleekarichu, avaa rogathinu kaaranamaakunnundo illayo ennathilekku.
tanmatra, sellular thalatthil, sookshumaanukkalkku aathidheyane badhikkaanum athivegam vibhajikkanum kazhiyum, ithu avide undaakunnathiloodeyo shareerathil hoomiyoostatik asanthulithaavastha undaakkunnathiloodeyo allengil lakshanagal prathyakshappedaan kaaranamakunna vishavasthukkal sravikkunnathiloodeyo rogathinu kaaranamaakunnu. virusukalkku hosttine vairalant dna upayogichu badhikkaanum kazhiyum, ithu saadhaarana kosha prakriyakale (transcription, translation muthalaayava) badhikkum.), protein madakkuka, allengil rogaprathirodha prathikaranam ozhivaakkuka.
rogakaarithvam.
rogakaarikalude charithram.
shaasthranjar nireekshicha aadyathe rogakaarikalil oralaaya "vibrio collara" 1854-ll philippo passini vishadamaayi vivarichu. addehathinte prarambha kandethalukal bacteriayude droingukal mathramaayirunnu, ennaal 1880 vare addeham bacteriayekkurichu mattu niravadhi prabandhangal prasidheekarichu. ithu engane vayarilakkathinu kaaranamaakunnuvenn addeham vivarikkukayum athinethire phalapradamaaya chikilsakal vikasippikkukayum cheythu. 1884ll roobert coach eee jeevi veendum kandethukayum rogavumaayi bandhippikkukayum cheiyunnathuvare eee kandethalukalil bhooribhaagavum sradhikkappedaathe pooyi.
 1600-kalil leuvenhock aanu ithu kandethiyathu, ennaal 1970-kalil origonil paraannabhojikal ulppetta oru valia pottippurappedlinethur oru ipa sponsor cheytha symposium nadakkunnathuvare ithu rogakaariyaanennu kandethiyilla. athinusesham, "echu" polulla mattu niravadhi jeevikal rogakaarikalaayi thiricharinjittundu. pailori ", iii. eee doshakaramaaya sookshumaanukkale cherukkaan antibioticukal vikasippikkaan shaasthranjare anuvadicha koliyaanu.
rogakaarikalude tharangal.
bacteria, fungus, protosova, helminthukal, virusukal enniva rogakaarikalil ulppedunnu.
eee vyathyastha tharam jeevikalil oronnineyum athinte pakarchavyaadhiyude adisthaanathil oru rogakaariyaayi veendum tharamthirikkaam. ithil thaazhepparayunnava ulppedunnu bhakshyavasthukkal, vaayuviloode, jalathiloode, rakthathiloode, vekttar vazhi. bhakshanathiloode pakaruna "staphylococcus ooriyas", "clostridium botulinum" thudangiya niravadhi rogakarikalaaya bakteeriyakal lakshanagal undakkunnathinaayi hosttilekku vishavasthukkal sravikkunnu. echuaivi, heppattaitis bii enniva rakthathiloode pakaruna rogakaarikal moolamundaakunna vairal anubaadakalaanu. "ettavum saadhaaranamaaya rogakariyaaya fangasaaya aspergillus, afflatoxin sravikkunnu, ithu oru carsinojenaayi pravartthikkukayum niravadhi bhakshanangale, prathyekichu bhoogarbhathil valarunnava (paripp, urulakkizhangu muthalaayava) malinamaakkukayum cheiyunnu.).
transmission reethikal.
aathidheyarkkullil, rogakaarikalkk rogamundaakkaanum rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthe uthejippikkaanum vividha karyangal cheyyaan kazhiyum.
uyarnna thothilulla prathyulppaadanavum koshangalude aakramanavum kaaranam sookshumaanukkalum fangasukalum lakshanagal undaakkunnu. ithu rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthinu kaaranamaakunnu, ithu phaagosaittukal aathidheyathinullile bakteeriyakale thakarkkunnathinaal saadhaarana lakshanangalkk kaaranamaakunnu.
echu" polulla chila bakteeriyakal. pailori, "chuttumulla tissukalilekku vishavasthukkal sravikkaan kazhiyum, ithu koshangalude maranatthino saadhaarana tissue pravartthanatthe thadayunnathino kaaranamaakunnu.
ennirunnaalum, virusukal rogamundaakkaan thikachum vyathyasthamaaya oru samvidaanam upayogikkunnu. aathidheyar praveshikkumbol, avarkk rund kaaryangalil onnu cheyyaan kazhiyum. palappozhum, vairal rogakaarikal laittik sykkilil praveshikkunnu; vairas athinte dna allengil rna aathidheya koshatthilekku cherkkukayum aavarthikkukayum oduvil koshatthe lies cheyyaan prerippikkukayum kooduthal virusukal paristhithiyilekku vidukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, vairal dna hoost genome ulppeduthumbol rogaprathirodha samvidaanathinte shradhayilppedaathe pookaan anuvadikkunnathaanu lysogenic saikkil. oduvil, athu veendum sajeevamaavukayum laittik saikkililekk praveshikkukayum, anischithakaala "shelf life" nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
sandarbhathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla aathidheya edapedalukal.
aashayavinimayangalude tharangal.
rogakaarikal aathidheyarumaayi engane edapedunnu ennathine aashrayich, moonnu aathidheya-rogakaarikal thammilulla edapedalukalil onnil ithu ulppedaam. rogakaarikalkk prayojanam labhikkumbol aathidheyarkku ashayavinimayathil ninnu onnum labhikkaathathaan commonsalism. manushya kudalil vasikkunna, ennaal ariyappedunna gunangalonnum nalkaatha "baakteeroyidukal thettayodomaikron" aanu ithinte oru udaaharanam. manushyante vayattil kaanunnathupole, rogakariyum aathidheyan parasparapravartthanathil ninnu prayojanam nedumbozhaanu parasparabandham sambhavikkunnath. pala baakteeriyakalum aathidheyarude poshakangale takarkkaan sahayikkunnu, pakaram nammude shareerangal avayude aavaasavyavasthayaayi pravartthikkunnu. aathidheyarkku dosham cheyyumbol rogakaarikal bandhatthil ninnu prayojanam nedumbozhaanu paraannabhojikal sambhavikkunnath. manushyaril malariaykku kaaranamakunna ekakosha "plasmodium falsiparam" paraannabhojiyil ithu kaanaan kazhiyum.
aathidheyarude rogakarikalaaya vyathiyanangal.
rogakaarikalkk rogam undakkaanulla kazhivundengilum avaa ellaayppozhum angane cheiyunnilla. ithine sandarbhathe aasrayikkunna rogakaarithvam ennaanu visheshippikkunnathu. aathidheyarkkullile janithakavum paaristhithikavumaaya gadakangalil ninnaan eee vyathiyaanam varunnathennu shaasthranjar vishwasikkunnu. manushyaril ithinu oru udaaharanam "iii" aanu. koolii ". saadhaaranayaayi, eee bacteria kudalile saadhaaranavum aarogyakaravumaya microbiota bhaagamaayi thazhachuvalarunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithu dahananaalathinteyo shareerathinteyo mattoru pradeshathekku maarukayaanengil, athu theevramaaya vayarilakkathinu kaaranamakum. athinaal "iii. koliye oru rogakaariyaayi tharamthirickunnu, ithu ellaayppozhum angane pravarthikkunnilla. eee udaaharanam s-kalilum prayogikkaam. ooriyasum manushyarile mattu saadhaarana sookshumajeevajaalangalum.
nilavile rogakarikalaaya chikitsa reethikal.
nilavil, rogakaarikalude praadhamika chikitsa reethiyaanu antimicrobialukal. sookshumaanukkale kollunnathino aathidheya paristhithikkullil kooduthal valarchaye thadayunnathino vendiyaanu eee marunnukal prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. antimicrobial marunnukale vivarikkan onniladhikam padangal upayogikkaam. pensilin, erythromycin thudangiya mattu rogakaarikalkkethire upayogikkaan kazhiyunna sookshumaanukkal nirmmikkunna raasavasthukkalaan antibioticukal. bakteeriyakalil ninnu uruthirinja aantimikrobiyalukalaanu semi-synthetics, pakshe avaa kooduthal phalapradamaakunnathinaayi mechappeduthunnu. iva randinum vipareethamaayi, rogakaarithvathe cherukkunnathinaayi labil synthetic karsanamaayi nirmmikkunnu. eee moonnu tharam aantimicrobiyalukale oronnum bacterianashini, baakteeriyostaattik enningane thudarnnulla rund grouppukalaayi tharamthirikkaam. bacterianashini padaarthangal sookshumaanukkale kollumbol baakteeriyostaattik padaarthangal sookshumaanukkalude valarchaye thadayunnu.
aadhunika lokathile rogakarikalaaya marunnukalude chikilsayude pradhana prashnam mayakkumarunnu prathirodhamaan. pala rogikalum marunnukalude poornna chikitsa edukkunnilla, ithu prathirodhasheshiyulla bakteeriyakalude swaabhaavika thiranjeduppilekku nayikkunnu. methisilin prathirodhasheshiyulla "staphylococcus ooriyas" (emm. aarr. ezz. eiii) aanu ithinte oru udaaharanam. antibioticukalude amita upayogam kaaranam, marunnine cherukkaan janithaka parivartthanangal vikasippichedutha baakteeriyakalkk maathrame athijeevikkaan kazhiyoo. ithu marunninte falaprapti kuraykkukayum pala chikilsaareethikalum upayogashoonyamaakkukayum cheiyunnu.
bhaavi dishakal.
hoost-pathojan edapedalukalude network vishakalanathinum rogabadhitha hoost koshangalil ninnulla rna sequencing daattayude valia thothilulla vishakalanathinum nandi, hoost interactominte vipulamaaya reviringinu kaaranamakunna pathojan proteinukal anubaadhayude samayat rogakaarikalude aarogyathil uyarnna swaadheenam cheluthunnuvennu namukkariyam. hoost-pathojan interactomile kendrangal antimicrobial marunnu roopakalppanayude vagdana lakshyangalayi paryavekshanam cheyyanamennu eee nireekshanangal soochippikkunnu. nilavil, pala shaasthranjarum janithaka vyathiyaanavum athu rogakaarikalude edapedalinum aathidheyarkkullile vyathiyaanathinum engane sambhavana cheiyunnuvennum manasilakkaan lakshyamidunnu. aathidheyarude athivega vyaapanam thadayunnathinaayi niravadhi rogakaarikalude pakarchavyaadhi reethikal parimithappedutthaanum avar lakshyamidunnu. aathidheya-rogakaarikalude edapedalinekkurichum aathidheyarkkullile vyathiyaanathinte alavinekkurichum kooduthal padikkumbol, edapedalinte nirvachanam punarnirvachikkendathundu. hosttil engane pravartthikkunnu ennathine adisthaanamaakki rogakaarikale vividha vibhagangalaayi tharamthirichukondu hosttinu undaakunna naashatthinte alavu adisthaanamaakki rogakaarithvam nirnnayikkanamenn kasadewal nirddeshikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, maarikkondirikkunna rogakarikalaaya paristhithiye neridaan, mayakkumarunnu prathirodhasheshiyulla sookshumaanukkale kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu chikitsa reethikal parishkarikkendathundu.

