koonstans naden

oru engleesh ezhuthukaaranum kaviyum thathwachinthakanumaayirunnu koonstans carolin woodhill naden (24 januvari 1858-23 desember 1889). rund kavita vaalyangal prasidheekarikkunnathinni avar thathwachinthayeyum shaasthratheyum kurichu padikkukayum ezhuthukayum prabhashanam nadathukayum cheythu. 31-aamm vayassil avarude maranathethudarnnu shekharicha niravadhi kruthikal prasidheekarikkappettu. avarude bahumaanaartham roobert levins koonstans naden medel sthaapikkukayum mesan sayans collegil (ippol birmingham sarvakalashaala) avarude oru prathima sthaapikkukayum cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaandile munnira vanita kavikaliloralaayi vilyam ewart gladston avare kanakkakki.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1858 januvari januvari englandile birminghamile edjbaasttanile 15 francis roadle prasavichu randaazhchaykkullil maricha carolin aan woodhill nadenteyum pinneedu birminghamile aarkkitekcharal associationte presidentaaya thomas nadenteyum makalaayi koonstans naden janichu. 12 divasam muthal muthasshimaarude maranam vare ammayude maathaapithaakkalaaya carolin, josia woodhill ennivaraanu avale valarthiyathu. naadente nalla vaayanakkaarum bhaktharumaaya snaapanapithaakkalaaya muthasshimaarum edjbaasttanile packenham housilaanu thaamasichirunnathu. avalude pithaav kurachukaalam marakkurukkukalodoppamaa thaamasichathenkilum 1871 aayappozhekkum sensus kaanikkunnath addeham oru puthiya bharyayodum naadente moonnu muthal ezhu vayass vare praayamulla naalu ardhasahodaranmaarodumo thaamasichirunnathu ennaanu. ettaam vayassil naadane oru praadeshika unitarian day schoolilekku ayachu, avide avar chitrakalayil oru kazhivu vikasippichu. avar chila paintingukal birmingham sosaitti oof aarttistin samarppichu, athilonnu ('pakshikalude koodum kaattupookkalum' enna thalakkettil) 1878 ll sosaittiyude spring exhibishanil pradarshippikkaan sweekarichu.
vidyaabhyaasam.
thathwachintha, bhashakal, shaasthram ennivayil avarkk thaalpparyamundaayi. 1879-ll naden sasyashasthravum franch padikkaan birmingham aandu midu land instittyoottil chernnu, 1881 muthal 1887 vare bhauthikashaasthram, bhoomishaasthram, rasathanthram, shareerashaasthram, suvolaji enniva padikkaan mesan sayans collegil chernnu; avar birmingham naachural histtari sosaittiyilum amgamaayi. mesan koleju maasikayum naadan edittu cheythu. 1885-ll jillayude bhoomishaasthrathekkurichu oru lekhanathinu avar "paaksttan sammanam" nedi. 1887-ll maranashesham prasidheekaricha "induction aandu deduction" enna neenda lekhanathinu avar "heslop" swarnna medel nedi.
thathwachintha.
1870 kalude avasaanam muthal naden 1876 ll aadyamaayi kandumuttukayum jeevithakalam muzhuvan avarumaayi bandhappedukayum cheytha roobert levins, emm. dii. yumayi sahakarichu hailo-idealism enna thathwachintha vikasippichu. eee thathwachinthayude pradhana thathwam "manushyan thante swantham prapanchatthinte srashtaavaanu, addehathinte ellah daaranakalkkum-kharavum vipulavum bahyavumaaya vasthukkale prathinidheekarikkunnavaykka polum-kevalam aathmanishtamaaya nilanilppund, athu addehathinte vikaarathinte swabhaavavum avasthakalum roopappeduthunna paridikalaal parimithappedutthiyirikku."
eee kaazhchappaadine prathirodhichukondu "jenal oof sayans", "nolaj", "anjjeya vaarshikam", mattu aanukaalikangal ennivayil naden niravadhi lekhanangal prasidheekarichu. avar "sii" polulla oppukal upayogichu.enn.", sii.eiii."koodaathe" "koonstans arden".
parinaama thathwangaliloode prapanchatthe vishadeekarikkunna oru ekeekritha thathwashaasthrathekkurichulla herbert spensorude aashayathil nadenu thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. saamoohikajeevikal" (1860) enna thante kruthiyil, spensor samoohathe oru jeevajalavumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum, jeevajalangal prakrithinirnnayathiloode parinamikkumbol, samooham parinamikkukayum sankeernnatha vardhikkukayum cheiyunnuvennu vaadikkukayum cheythu. 
kavithayezhuthuka.
1881-ll naden thante kavithakalude aadya vaalyam "vasanthakaalathile gaanangalum sonattukalum" prasidheekarichu. ithu vaividhyamaarnna oru shekharamaanu, seasonukalude maattathe vivarikkunna avarude soonat sequence prathyekichum sradheyamaanu.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
1887 juun 21 nuu naadente muthasshi woodhill marikkukayum avarkk ganyamaaya oru sambathu paarambaryamaayi labikkukayum athu avarude suhruthaaya vidyaabhyaasa vidagthanum unnatha vidyaabhyaasathinulla sthreekalude avakaashathinaayulla prachaaranakkaariyumaaya madeline danielinoppam indiayile palestine, eejipt ennividangalilekku yaatra cheyyaan avare anuvadikkukayum cheythu. 
1888 juunil avar englandilekku madangukayum grosvenor squareile paarkk streettil oru veedu vaangukayum athu danielumaayi pankittu. indian sthreekale vaidyashaasthram padikkaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi avar dhanasahayam swaroopikkukayum deseeya indian associationil amgamaavukayum cheythu. avar aristotaliyan samoohathil chernnu, oru spensor sosaitti roopeekarikkaan shramichu, koodaathe paropakaraparamaaya lakshyngalulla vividha samoohangalil pettavaraayirunnu. 1889 october october avar shree. mesan kolejile soshyolajikkal vibhaagathilekku herbert spensorude "soshyolajiyude thathwangal". vanita penni pepparil rekhappeduthiyittullathu pothuparipaadikalil sthreekalkku vottavakaasham nalkendathinte aavashyakathayekkurichum avar samsaarichu.
nadene ingane visheshippichu
neriyathum uyaramullathum, athilolamaaya mukhavum 'thelinja neela-chaaraniramulla annukalum.aval thante sheelangalil sthiravum sajeevavumaayirunnu. avalkk thulachukayarunna shabdamundaayirunnu, pothuprasamgatthil aval poornnamaayum svayambharanaadhikaariyaayirunnu.
aupachaarika samvaadangalilum academic charchakalilum parihaasathodulla avalude pravanatha chilar shradhichappol, aval valare priyappettavalaayirunnu, koodaathe valare ooshmalamaaya vyakthiparavum boudhikavumaaya souhrudangalum undaayirunnu. maranananthara "oormmakkurippil" avalude suhruthukkalude hridayasparshiyaaya oormmakal ithu saakshyappeduthunnu, udaaharanathinu propha. thaan avare "athra vidyaarthiniyaayalla, [marichu] thaalpparyamullathum sahaanubhoothiyullathumaaya oru sahapravarthakayayi" kanduvennum avarude aadyakaala maranathil thanne enikku ente vyakthiparamaaya suhruthukkaliloraale nashtamaayennum chaals lapworth ezhuthi.
rogavum maranavum.
1889-ll rogabadhithamaaya andashaya sisttukalude roganirnayathinu sasthrakriya aavasyamaanennu kanakkakkappettu; desember 5-nuu losan taitt avale sasthrakriya cheythu, thudakkathil ithu vijayamaayirunnenkilum, desember 23-nuu anubandha anubaadhaye thudarnnu avar marichu. 1891 leeii lekhana samahaaramaaya "phoor relix oof koonstans naden" nte aadya pejukalil achadicha roobert levinsinu naden ezhuthiya avasana kathu shasthrakriyayude saahacharyangalum athinekkurichulla avalude aashankakalum vishadeekarikkunnu. avale birminghamile nonconformist qee hill semitheriyil samskarichu. irupathaam noottaandil shavakudeeram moshamaayi thakarukayum 2017 septambaril athinu pakaram kooduthal anuyojyamaaya oru smaarakam sthaapikkunnathinulla oru pracharanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. 2019 meyy 11 shaniyazhcha puthiya shavakudeerathinulla punarsamarppana chadangu nadannu.
oormmappeduthal.
avarude maranashesham avarude daarshanika rachanakalkk nadene roobert levins, emm. prashamsichu.dii.kavithakalilekkulla avarude sambhavanakal, janapriya vanita aanukaalikangalile vanita vottavakaashathe avar pinthunachathinum pathonpathaam noottaandile mikacha vanita kavikalil oralaayi vilyam ewart gladston avare sthaanappeduthiya "amarthyathayekkurichulla panthesistic veekshanam" ennivaykkum. avalude srishtiyil oru pradhana swaadheenam chelutthiyirunna herbert spensor abhiprayappettu "vipulamaaya ettedukkalumaayi uyarnna daarshanika sheshiyude eee aikyam undaayittulla 'jorjju eliot' ozhike oru sthriyeyum enikku chinthikkaan kazhiyilla. avalude sookshumamaaya buddhi yukthisahamaya chinthayude purogathikku valareyadhikam sahaayichittundaakumennil samshayamilla; avalude maranam gurutharamaaya nashtamundaakki."avarude bahumaanaartham levins mesan collegil koonstans naden medel sthaapichu, ithu ellah varshavum aadyam" "mikacha malsaraadhishtitha daarshanika lekhanathinum" "ippol birmingham sarvakalaashaalayile mikacha faakkaltti oof arts maastezhs digri teesisinum nalkunnu". levins oru naden prathimayum kammeeshan cheythu, athu addeham maysons colleginu sammaanichu. moonnu pusthakangalude oru adithattil sthithicheyyunna eee grandhatthinte nattellu "vasanthakaalathile gaanangalum sonattukalum", "jeevithathinte amrithamaaya aadhunika apposthalan" muthalaayava alekhanam cheythittundu."munvashath" "induction aandu deduction aandu hailo-idealism" "pinnilum". ithu aadyam kolejinte libraryilaanu sookshichirunnathu. 1900ll mesan koleju birmingham sarvakalaashaalayaayi maarukayum cadbury research library reeding roomil prathima nilakollukayum cheythu.
2009 desember 14 nuu, birmingham sivik sosaitti oru smaaraka neela phalakam nalki, athu loard mayer anaachaadanam cheythu. edjbaasttanile packenham house 20 charlot rodilaanu avarude balyakaala veedu sthithi cheiyunnathu. likhithathil "koonstans sii" ennu ezhuthiyirikkunnu.dablyu. kavi, shaasthranjan, thathwachinthakan ennee nilakalil ariyappedunna naadan thante jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum ivide thaamasichu."
pradhana malayora semitheriyile naadante shavakudeeram avalude ammayodum muthasshiyodum oppam pankidunnu. irupathaam noottaandil eee kallu pradeshathe mattu smarakangalkkoppam sitti kaunsil thakarkkukayum kuzhichidukayum cheythu; 2010 ll semitheriyile suhruthukkal ithu khananam cheythenkilum athu niyamavirudhamaayi thudarnnu. 2019 meyy 11 nuu, koonstans naden trasttinte vijayakaramaya dhanasamaaharana prachaaranathetthudarnnu, koonstans naadente puthiya shavakudeeram sthaapikkunnathinaayi oru punarsamarppana chadangu nadannu. pakaram vaykkunna kallu yadhaarthathilulla paatatthe punarnirmmikkunnu, pakshe naadente nettangalilekku kooduthal shradha aakarshikkunnu, 'kavi, thathwachinthakan, kalaakaaran, shaasthranjan' enna vaakkukal kallinte mukalbhaagathu puthuthayi alekhanam cheythirikkunnu, oppam avarude 1881 leeii kavithayil ninnulla oru variyum 'paanthisttukalude amarthyathayude gaanam': 'bhoomi nee orikkalum undaayirunnilla ennalla'.
maranananthara prasidheekaranangal.
induction aandu deduction, aandu adhar essays" (1890), "phoor relix oof koonstans naden" (1891), "dhii complete poyettikkal works oof koonstans naden" (1894) ennee moonnu pusthakangal marananantharamaayi prasidheekarichu. 
vimarsanaathmakamaaya sweekaranam.
nashtappetta sthreekalude shabdangal veendedukkaan aalukal sramichathinaal sramichathinaal muthal naadante kavithakalkk kooduthal shradha labhichu. avarude kruthikalile saahityavum shaasthravum thammilulla parasparabandham, swathanthrachinthayumaayulla avarude bandham, avarude aadyakaala-feminist ashayangal ennivayil prathyeka shradha kendreekarichu avarude jeevithatheyum kruthikaleyum kurichulla niravadhi paandithyangal prathyakshappettittundu. nadenekkurichulla vimarsanaathmaka rachanakalude aadya moonnu pathittaandukalude oru avalokanam clair stainthorp prasidheekarichu, athil avar bhaavi gaveshanathinulla vazhikalum nirddeshikkunnu. 2019ll stainthorppinte 'koonstans naden sayantist, philosopher, kavi' enna pusthakam naadente jeevithathe kurichu aazhathilulla pariganana nalkukayum prasidheekarikkappedaathu kavithakaludeyum lekhanangaludeyum praadhaanyam paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheythu.

