provirus

oru hoost sellinte dnal samyojippichirikkunna oru vairas genome aanu provirus. baakteeriyal vairasukalude (bacteriophageukal) kaaryatthil, provirusukale palappozhum profejukal ennu vilikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, provirusukal profejukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, eee padangal parasparam upayogikkaruthu. profejukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, hoost sellinu sammarddam cheluthumbol hoost genome ninnu provirusukal svayam excise cheiyunnilla.
eee avastha vairas replikkeshante oru ghattamo allengil nishkriyamaaya vairal anubaadhakalaayo endogenous vairal gadakamaayo kooduthal kaalam nilanilkkunna oru avasthayo aakam. nishkriyamaaya vairal anubaadhakalil vairas athinte aathidheya koshatthinte replikkeshaniloodeyallatha svayam aavarthikkilla. eee avasthaykku niravadhi hoost sell thalamurakalil nilanilkkaan kazhiyum.
endogenous retrovirusukal ellaayppozhum oru provirusinte avasthayilaanu. oru (nondogenous) retrovirus oru koshatthe aakramikkumbol, retrovirusinte rna reverse traanscriptes vazhi dnailake reverse traanskript cheyyukayum thudarnnu oru integrase vazhi hoost genome ulppeduthukayum cheiyunnu.
oru hoost genome eee reethiyil samyojippikkumbol oru provirus nerittu puthiya dna pakarppukal nirmikkunnilla. pakaram, ithu aathidheya genome upayogichu nishkriyamaayi aavarthikkukayum yadhaartha koshatthinte santhathikalilekku kaimarukayum cheiyunnu; rogabadhitha koshatthinte ellah pingaamikalum avarude genomukalil provirusukal vahikkum. ithine lysogenic vairal reproduction ennu vilikkunnu. samyojanam oru olinjirikkunna anubaadhaykko uthppaadanakshamamaaya anubaadhaykko kaaranamakum. uthppaadanakshamamaaya anubaadhayil, provirus messenture arnailake traanskript cheyyappedunnu, athu nerittu puthiya vairas uthpaadippikkunnu, ithu laittik saikkililoode mattu koshangale badhikkum. provirus sajeevamaayirikkunnathinum transcriptionally nishabdamaayirikkumbol oru olinjirikkunna anubadha undaakunnu.
aathidheyarude paaristhithika avasthakalilo aarogyathilo varunna maattangalodu prathikarikkunna oru olinjirikkunna anubadha uthppaadanakshamamaayekkaam; provirus sajeevamakkaanum athinte vairal genome transcription aarambhikkaanum kazhiyum. kooduthal virusukal uthpaadippikkunnathinaayi koshatthinte protein synthesis yanthrangal hijack cheyyappedunnathinaal ithu athinte aathidheya koshatthinte naashathinu kaaranamakum.
paarambaryamaayi labhicha endogenous retrovirusukalude roopathil manushya genome ekadesham 8 sathamaanam provirusukalkku kaaranamakaam.
oru provirus oru retrovirusine soochippikkuka mathramalla, aathidheya chromosomukalumaayi samyojippikkaan kazhiyunna mattu vairasukale vivarikkaanum upayogikkunnu, mattoru udaaharanam adenoyumaayi bandhapetta vairasaanu.
eucariotic virusukal avayude aathidheyarude genomukalilekku samyojippikkuka mathramalla; pala bacteria, archaeal vairasukalum eee prachaarana thanthram upayogikkunnu. vrithaakrithiyilulla (ottathavana allengil erattathavana) dna genomukalulla bacteria vairasukalude ellah kudumbangalum allengil vrithaakrithiyilulla intermediattiloode (udha.jii., vaalulla dsdna virusukal) mitasheetoshna amgangalundu.

