philippeensile mathaswaathanthryam

philippeensile mathaswaathanthryam philippeensinte bharanaghadana urappunalkunnu.
pashchaathalam.
pashchaathalam phillippeans bharanaghadana ingane prakhyaapikkunnu "sabhayey bharanakoodatheyum verthirikkunnathu lamghikkappedaathathaanu."(article II, sekshan 6), koodaathe, 
"oru mathasthaapanathe maanikkunnathino athinte swathanthramaaya prayogatthe nirodhikkunnathino oru niyamavum undakkaan paadilla. vivechanamo mungananayo illaathe mathaparamaya thozhilinteyum aaraadhanayudeyum swathanthramaaya vyayaamavum aaswaadanavum ennennekkumaayi anuvadikkum. pouraavakaashangalo rashtreeya avakaashangalo viniyogikkunnathinu mathaparamaya oru pareekshanavum aavasyamilla."(article III, sekshan 5)...
philippeensile supreme kodathi, 2003-ll vidhi prasthaavichu 
prasthaavichu
estrada vezhsas" enna naazhikakkall kesil. eskrittar, "dayaaparamaaya nishpakshatha-thaamasatthinte sidhaantham sthaapichu. muun cheef justice puno ezhuthiya 2006 leeii vidhi, yuu enna pashchaathalatthil dayaaparavum nishpakshathayum vishadeekarichu.ezz. niyamashaasthram thaazhepparayunna reethiyil
vidhi yuu ennu udharichu.ezz. mathaparivarthanam nirodhikkunnath pothuve baadhakavum saadhuthayullathumaaya oru vyavasthayude aakasmikamaaya phalam maathramaanengil, aadya bhedagathiye vranappeduthiyittil ennu supreme kodathi vidhi.
theerumaanathodu yojichenkilum, justice ooo 'connor yukthiyil ninnu shakthamayi viyojichu, nirbandhitha samsthaana palisha parisodhana nadappaakkendathaayirunnu vaadichu.
yuu. yill ninnulla neethi ooo 'konarinte pooyintine prathidhwanikkunnu.ezz. cases, "estrada vezhsas. swatantra vyayaama velluvilikalkk karsanamaaya sookshumaparishodhana uchithamaanennu paranjathaayi eskrittar avare udharichu, kaaranam "[tii] addeham nirbandhitha palisha parisodhana oru bahuswarathayulla samoohathil mathaswaathanthryam saadhyamaayathra poornnamaayum samrakshikkaanulla aadya bhedagathiyude utharavine prathifalippikkunnu."
swatantra vyayaamam oru moulikaavakaashamaanennum athu bharam vahikkunna niyamangal karsanamaaya parishodhanaykk vidheyamaakanamennum" nirbandhitha samsthaana palisha parishodhanaykk adisthaanamaanennu vidhi pinneedu prakhyapikkukayum maikkal dablyu udharichu moonnu bhaagangalulla nirbandhitha samsthaana palisha parisodhana samgrahikkukayum cheythu. mcconnell thaazhepparayunna reethiyil
yuu-nuu keezhil annathe nilavile kaazhchappaad nilanilkkunnathayi vidhi abhiprayappettu.ezz. niyamanirmmaana thaamasoukaryam anuvadikkunnundenkilum onnaam bhedagathiyanusarichu thaamasoukaryam aavasyamillennaanu niyamam. philippain niyamashaasthram pariganichu vidhi ingane paranju
estrada vezhsas" enna chithratthile eee supradhana theerumaanangal philippeensil soujanya vyayaama kesukal theerumaanikkenda chattakkoodaanu dayaaparamaaya nishpakshatha-thaamasoukaryam ennu eskrittar sthaapichu. lamghakante aathmaarthamaaya mathavishwaasangalumaayi vairudhyamulla eathoru niyamavum nadappakkaan karsanamaaya sookshmaparishodhanayil vijayikkendathundu.
charithram.
colonial adhiniveshathinte niravadhi ghattangaliloode kadannupokunnathiloode philippainsile mathavum sarkkarum thammilulla bandham aavarthichu maari. 1565 muthal 1898 vareyulla spanish colonial kaalaghattatthil catholica sabayum sarkkarum thammil adutha bandhamundaayirunnu. 1899 leeii philippain bharanaghadanayil american colonial kaalaghattatthilaanu sabhayey bharanakoodatheyum verthirikkuka enna american ashayam avatharippikkappettath, athu innum philippain bharanaghadanayude bhaagamaayi thudarunnu.
spanish kaalaghattam.
pathinaram noottaandil philippainsile mikka catholica vargeekaranathil ninnu aarambhich, rashtreeya adikaaram catholica sabayum spanish sivil adhikaarikalum pankittu. colonial kaaryangalumaayi bandhappett hollie seeyudeyum spanish raajavaazhchayudeyum sookshumamaaya bandhathe niyanthrikkunna niyamathinteyum niyamashaasthrathinteyum samyojanamaaya "prottanatto riyal dii laas indias" laanu rund sthaapanangaludeyum sahakaranathe niyanthrikkunna niyamangal sthaapichathennu philipino jesuit charitrakaaranaaya horazio dii laa koosta paraamarsikkunnu. karaarukalil, catholica purohithanmaar spanish raajavaazhchaykk "katholikkathaye prolsaahippikkunnathum paripalikkunnathinum prathirodhikkunnathinumalla utharavaaditham" nalki... videshathulla ellah spanish aadhipathyangalum"
(1). pakaramaayi, colonial catholica sabhaye svayambharanaadhikaarathode bharikkanulla niravadhi avakashangal prayogikkaan spaanishukaarkk anumathi labhichu, roman adikaaraparidhiyil ninnu phalatthil swathanthramaayirunnu.
maruvashathu, phillippines sarvakalaashaalayile philipino charitrakaaranaaya teodoro agonsillo paraamarshikkunnath, eee sahakaranm mathetharavum mathaparavumaya shakthiyude sakthamaaya samyojanathiloode "indiakkaare" (philippainsile thaddeshavaasikal) eluppathil keezhadakkaan spaanishine praaptharaakkiyathaayi paraamarsikkunnu. 1565-ll philippeensile vijayakaramaya legaspie keezhadakkal, augustin sanyasi, naavigettar, purohitan andrez dii urdanetta ennivare konduvannu, naattukaare niyantrikkaan sahaayichukond purohitharude shakti thiricharinju. mattu spanish bharanadhikaarikal purohitharude praadhaanyam amgeekarichu. oru meksikkan viceroi (agonsilloyil udharichirikkunnu) paranju, "philippainsile oro sanyaasiyilum avarkk oru captanum oru muzhuvan sainyavum undaayirunnu". ennirunnaalum, sabhayude edapedal sanyasi virudha marsalo echu enna nilayil niravadhi doshafalangal undaakki. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathile dell pilar paraathippedunnu "... philippeensile samoohathinte ellah adisthaana shakthikaleyum sanyasimar niyanthrikkunnu. avar vidyaabhyaasa sanbradaayathe niyanthrikkunnu, kaaranam avarkk santo tomas sarvakalaashaalayude udamasthathayundu, koodaathe ellah primery skoolukaludeyum praadeshika inspectormaaraanu. avar janangalude manassine niyanthrikkunnu, kaaranam oru catholica aadipathyamulla rajyath, edavaka rectormark janangale parasyamaayo rahasyamaayo swaadheenikkaan malpittum kuttasammatham nadatthaanum kazhiyum."
mariano gomez, jose bargos, jaasinto samora ennivar ulppedunna purohithanmaarude thrayam gombersa athe varsham parajayappetta arra kalaapathil ulppettathinethudarnn 1872 ll sivil adhikaarikal vadhichappol akathala poraattam thudarukayum athinte unnathiyilethukayum cheythu. janangalude asamthripthi thudarnnu, ekadesham irupathu varshathinu sesham philippain viplavathilekku nayichu. parimithamaaya sainyam amithamaayi vipuleekarichathinaal spaanishukaarkk onniladhikam kalaapangale neridaan kazhinjilla. poura samrakshanam illaathirunna purohithanmaar ettavum durbalaraayirunnu. maattam sweekarikkunnathinuparam, niravadhi sanyasimar "colonial sarkkaarinethire yuddha veliyettam nadakkumbol mousarukalum oormmappeduthalukalum kaikaaryam cheythu". nilavile sthithigathikal marikkondirikke sabayum bharanakoodavum thammilulla bandham thakarnnuthudangi.
1898ll philipino desheeyavaadikal oru swatantra philippean republicinaayi oru bharanaghadana roopeekarichu. samsthaanatheyum mathatheyum kurichulla vyavasthakalekkurichu chooderiya charchakal nadannu. katholikkamathathe samsthaana mathamaakkanamenn aavasyappettu philipp calderon thante karadu nirddesham avatharippichu. jesuit charitrakaaranaaya joonn shumacharude abhipraayathil, pally bharanakoodavum verthirikkanamennu nirbandhicha apolynario mabiniyude sthaanathe calderon aakramichu. ennirunnaalum, calderon nirddesham orotta vottinu paraajayappedukayum oduvil eee vyavastha pasakkukayum cheythu. malolos bharanaghadanayude article 5 iprakaaram prasthaavikkunnu
american kaalaghattam.
1898ll spain phillippines americaykku kaimari. 1902 februvari avasaanathode american sainyam oru swatantra philippean republic sthaapikkaan sramikkunna philippean sainyathe paraajayappeduthi. paraajayappeduthi phillippeans oorgaanik act, mattu karyangalkkoppam, "oru mathasthaapanathe bahumaanikkunnathino athinte swathanthramaaya prayogatthe nirodhikkunnathino oru niyamavum undakkillennum vivechanamo mungananayo illaathe mathaparamaya thozhilinteyum aaraadhanayudeyum swathanthramaaya vyayaamavum aaswaadanavum ennennekkumaayi anuvadikkumennum vyavastha cheythu."
randaamathe phillippines kammeeshan medhaviyum philippain dveepukalile aadyathe sivil govarnor generalumaaya vilyam howard taafttin dveepukaliludaneelam sanyasi virudha vikaaram shamippikkendathinte aavasyakathayekkurichu valare arivundaayirunnuvennu charitrakaaranaaya shumachar udharikkunnu. spanish sanyaasimaarkk avarude edavaka sthaanangalil ninnu avadhi nalkanamennu addeham abhyarthichu. sanyasimaaril palarum swamedhayaa pooyi, thaazhnna raankukalile thaddesheeya philipino purohithanmaarum episcopacy ulppedunna american bishappumarum avare maatti. vishalamaaya palli udamasthaavakaashangal nirbandhithamaayi vilkkunnathinulla charchakalum aarambhichu. chila bishappumaarudeyum chila prathinidhikaludeyum swaadheenameriya mekhalakalude sammarddam vilpanaye baadhichittundenkilum, catholica sabhayude udamasthathayilulla ellah bhoomikalum pidichedukkukayenna taafttinte lakshyam athu kaivarichu, ithu daurbhaagyakaramaaya philippean republicinu nedaan kazhinjilla. bhoomi ettedutha sesham bhoomi punarvitharanam cheyyaan taaftt uddeshichu. ithu catholica sabhayude saambathika sthithi kuraykkuka mathramalla, spanish colonial kaalaghattatthil athinu undaayirunna swaadheenavum kuraykkunnu.
american niyamashaasthram sabhayudeyum samsthaanathinteyum verthiriv veendum avatharippichu, onnaam bhedagathiyeyum thomas jefezhsante verthirikkal mathilile roopakatheyum aashrayichu... sabhaykkum samsthaanathinum idayil"
(10), ennaal eee saidhaanthika "verthirikkal mathil" mathethara adhikaarikal niravadhi thavana marikadannittundennu phillippines anubhavam theliyichittundu. 1906-ll, viplavakaalath phillippines swatantra sabha pidicheduttha swathukkal thirike nalkikkond philippainsile supreme kodathi edavaka udamasthaavakaasha vishayathil edapettathaayum catholica sabhayude niyanthranathilullatho swaadheenichatho aaya chila jeevakaarunya samghadanakal thirike nalkappedukayo verpeduthappedukayo cheythuvennum shumachar parayunnu.
komanvelthu yugam.
mathathekkurichulla 1935 leeii chaarttarile vyavastha american aikyanaadukalude bharanaghadanayude aadya bhedagathiye anukarichuvenkilum vaakyangal
colonial kaalaghattatthinu sheshamulla kaalam.
philippeensil mathaswaathanthryam urappunalkkond, catholica purohithanmaar pinneedu rashtreeya pashchaathalatthil thiranjeduppukalil niravadhi vottarmaarude dhaarmika swaadheenathinte uravidamaayi innum nilaninnu. rashtreeya sthaanaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi purohithanmaare pinthunaykkaayi vidhikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu oru sthaanaarthiyude vijayam urappunalkunnilla. philippeensine president ferdinand marcos sainika niyamathinu keezhil konduvarikayum chila bishappukal sainika niyamathe athirthathinaal bandhangal naadakeeyamaayi maarukayum cheythu.
marcos yugam.
1973ll sabayum samsthaanavum verthirikkunnathu ulppedunna oru puthiya bharanaghadana amgeekarikkappettu, ithu mathaparamaya kaaryangalekkurichulla niyamatthinte bodiyil oru puthiya vikasanathe soochippikkunnu. bharanaghadanaa niyamathil vaidagdhyamulla philipino jesuit jokwin bernas, sankeernamaaya prasnangal kodathiyilekku konduvarikayum catholica sabhaykkethire sabhayey samsthaanatheyum verthirikkaan niravadhi sramangal nadathukayum cheythathayi sammathikkunnu, ennaal addeham prasthavanaye nyaayeekarikkunnu, "thaan [marcos] athu cheyyaan shramichu enna vastutha sabhayey samsthaanatheyum verthirikkunnathinte saadhuta nishedhikkunnilla".
muslim vyakthigatha niyamangalude coode ennum ariyappedunna presidential dikri 1083 vazhi vazhi shariat jilla kodathikalum (ezz. dii. sii.) shariat surcuted kodathikalum (ezz. sii. sii.) roopeekarichathu. raajyathudaneelamulla ellah musleengalum ulppedunna sivil kesukalkku maathrame islaamika niyamam baadhakamaakoo. musleem mindaanaavoyile svayambharana pradeshathum shariat jilla, surcuted kodathikal anchu shariat jillakalaayi samghadippikkunna rund mindanavo pravishyakalilum kesukal kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. eee pradeshangalkk purathu, anchu shariat jillakalil ninnulla oru session keezhil shareeavumaayi bandhapetta kesukal sivil kodathikalil prosess cheiyunnu. criminal kesukal ulppede matellaa kesukalum praadeshika sivil kodathikalaanu kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu.
marcosinu pakaram presidentaayi pinthuna aavasyappettukondu kardinal paapathode correson akwinoik pinthuna nedunnathil catholica sabha pradhana pankuvahichu. thudarnnu rajyathinaayi veendum oru puthiya charter roopeekarikkunnathinaayi akwino oru puthiya bharanaghadanaa kammeeshan aarambhichu. roman catholica mathavishwaasikalum kristhyan taann, aarr.jii.ezz., oru kanyastree, jokwin bernas, ezz.jeey., bishop teodoro sii. bakkani 1986 leeii bharanaghadanaa kammeeshante bhagamaavukayum charter prakhyaapikkunnathilum sabhayilum samsthaanathum athinte niravadhi vyavasthakal purappeduvikkunnathilum avarude mudra pathippikkukayum cheythu.
samakaalika charithram.
annathe president gloria mccapagal aroyoyude nirddeshaprakaaram philippain chaarity sweepstekks offeesil (pii. sii. ezz. oo) ninnu dasalakshakkanakkinu pesso sambhavanakal nalkiyathinecholli 2011 ll sii. bii. sii. pii vivaadathil akappettu. akappettu ooditt report kammeeshan prakaram, chila bishappukalkk pii. sii. ezz. oyil ninnu vahanangal vaangunnathinaayi sambhavanakal labhichu. azhimathikalum impeachment bheeshanikalum moolam pinneedu takarnna aroyoik sabhayude pinthuna urappaakkunnathinaan sambhavanakal nalkiyathennu vimarshakar avakaashappedunnu. pii. sii. ezz. oykkullile vairudhyangalekkurichu senatt blue riban kammitti anweshanathinidayil bishappukale vilippichu, bishappukal avarkk sambhavana cheytha vahanangal thirike nalki. mathethara aavasyangalkkaayi vahanangal upayogichathinaal, sambhavana bharanaghadanayude lamghanamaayi kanakkakkunnillennu kammitti chairman senattar tiophisto guingona paranju, ennaal bharanaghadana oru prathyeka mathasamghadanaye anukoolikkunnathu nirodhikkunnathinaal eee prashnam "bharanaghadanayude litmas testt" aanennum koottichertthu.

