
sayana

dakshinenthyayile vijayanagar saamraajyathil ninnulla oru samskritha mimamsa pandithanaayirunnu sayana (iyaastt saayana, saayanaachaarya ennum ariyappedunnu; maranam 1387), aadhunika karnaadakayile bellaric sameepam. vedangalekkurichu swaadheenamulla niroopakanaaya addeham bukkaraaya onnaaman rajaavinteyum addehathinte pingamiyaaya harihara randaamanteyum keezhil abhivridhi praapichu. nooriladhikam kruthikal addehathintethaanu, avayil vedangalude mikkavarum ellah bhaagangaleyum kurichulla vyaakhyaanangalundu. vaidyashaasthram, dhaarmikatha, samgeetham, vyakaranam thudangi niravadhi vishayangalilum addeham ezhuthiyittundu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
humpyil thaamasichirunna oru braahmana kudumbatthil maayanaykkum (mayana) sreemathikkum saayanachaaryan janichu. addehathinu madhava (chilappol vidyaaranya ennu vilikkappedunnu) enna mootha sahodaran bhoganatha (allengil somanatha) enna ilaya sahodaran undaayirunnu. bharadwaja gothrathilppetta eee kudumbam krishna yajurvedathile thaithiriya shaakha (school) pinthudarnnu.
vishnu sarvanjanteyum sankaraanandanteyum sishyanaayirunnu addeham. maadavaachaaryanum saayanachaaryanum shringeriyude vidyaatheerthathin keezhil padikkukayum vijayanagar saamraajyathil sthaanangal vahikkukayum cheythathayi parayappedunnu. oru mantriyum pinneedu bukkaraayayude kottaaratthile pradhaanamanthriyumaayirunna saayanachaaryan, thante manthrithvakaalathu thante sahodaranodum mattu braahmanarodum oppam thante vyaakhyaanangalil bhooribhaagavum ezhuthi.
jolie cheiyunnu.
samskrithabhaashayile ezhuthukaaranum niroopakanum ayirunna saayanan nooriladhikam kruthikal addehathintethaanennu aaropikkappedunnu, avayil vedangalude mikkavarum ellah bhaagangaleyum kurichulla vyaakhyaanangalundu. eee kruthikalil chilath yadhaarthathil addehathinte shishyanmaaraan ezhuthiyathu, chilath addehathinte sahodaranaaya vidyaaranyanumaayi allengil maadhavachaaryayumaayi chernnaanu ezhuthiyathu.
vijayanagar saamraajyathile rajaavaaya bukkayude abhyarthanaprakaaram ezhuthiya "vedangalude ardham prakadamaakkiya" vedangalekkurichulla addehathinte vyaakhyaanamaanu addehathinte pradhana kruthi, "vedaarthaprakasham", yuvaraajyathe athinu aavashyamaaya anthass nalkunnathinaayi."niravadhi ezhuthukaarude vyaakhyaanangal upayogichu mattu pandithanmaar addehathe sahaayichittundaakam. vyaakhyaanathinte pradhana bhagam orupakshe saayanachaaryan thanne ezhuthiyathaakaam, ennaal athil addehathinte sahodaran maadavachaaryante sambhaavanakalum addehathinte vidyaarthikalum pinneedu saayanaachaaryante peril ezhuthiya ezhuthukaarudeyum kootticherkalukalum ulppedunnu. "saayana" (allengil "") enna vaakk atharam paalikale verthirikkaathe vyaakhyaanathinte mothatthilulla koottaaya rachayithaavine soochippikkunnu.
oru mimamsa pandithanaaya sayana, "vedathe praayogika aachaaraparamaaya upayogathilekku parisheelippikkendathum praaveenyam nedendathumaaya onnaayi kanakkakkunnu", "manthrangalude ardhamalla ettavum pradhaanamenn galvics prasthaavikkunnu...] ennaal avarude shabda roopathil thikanja praaveenyam."galvixinte abhipraayathil, yanjam nadathunnathinulla" "ardha" "thaayi vedathinte uddeshyathe (" "ardha" ") sayana kandu, ithu" "yajurvedathinu" "munganana nalkunnu". sayana sambandhichidatholam, manthrangalkk ardhamundo ennathu avayude praayogika upayogathinte pashchaathalatthe aasrayichirikkunnu. vaidagdhyam nedaanum avatharippikkanum kazhiyunna oru shekharamenna nilayil vedathekkurichulla eee sangalpam, aantharika ardhathekkaalum "sthuthigeethangalude svayambharana sandeshathekkaalum" munganana nalkunnu."
rigvedathekkurichulla addehathinte vyaakhyaanam samskrithathil ninnu engleeshilekku vivarthanam cheythath maiks mullar, 1823-1900. pothu edittar vii. yude keezhil vaidikasamshodhan mandala (veda gaveshana sthaapanam) poone thayyarakkiya oru puthiya pathipp. keey. 1933ll 4 vaalyangalayi rajwade prasidheekarichu.
prayaaschitha" (praayashchittham), "yanjjathanthra" (aacharam), "purushartha" (manushyaprayathnathinte lakshyangal), "subhasita" (dhaarmika vaakkukalude samahaaram), "aayurvedam" (indian parambaraagatha vaidyashaasthram), "sangeetha saara" (samgeethathinte saaramsham), "praardhanaachithra", "alamkaara", "dhaturdhi" (vyakaranam) ennivaye abhisambodhana cheiyunna "sudhanidis" enna cheria maanuvalukalum addeham ezhuthiyittundu.
swaadheenam.
dalal parayunnathanusarichu, "niravadhi europian vyaakhyaanakaaranmaarum vivarthakarum ulppede pilkkaalatthe ellah pandithanmareyum addehathinte kruthikal swaadheenichu."sayanayude vyaakhyaanam rigvedathekkurichulla parambaraagatha indian dharana vishadeekaranangalum samrakshichuvenkilum athil thettukalum vairudhyangalum adangiyirikkunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandile chila indologistukal sayanayude vyaakhyaanathe thikachum thallikkalanjappol mattullavar kooduthal vilamathichu. addehathinte vyaakhyaanam ralf tii oru reference gaidayi upayogichu. echu. griffith (1826-1906), joonn muir (1810-1882), hooras hayman vilson (1786-1860), mattu pathonpathaam noottaandile europian indologistukal. vilson parayunnathanusarichu, sayanayude vyaakhyaanam chilappol samshayaaspadamaayirunnu, pakshe aadyakaalam muthal parambaraagatha adhyapanangal nilanirtthiyirunna ellah vyaakhyaanangaludeyum kaivashathe prathifalippikkunna "eathoru europian pandithanteyum veshathinappuramulla addehathinte paatathekkurichulla arivu" undaayirunnu."mcdonnell (1854-1930) sayanayude vyaakhyaanathe vimarshichu, budhimuttulla pala vaakkukalum sayanaykk shariyaayi manassilakunnillennu addeham abhiprayappettu. rudolph roht (1821-1895) yaskayudeyum sayanayudeyum vyaakhyaanangalude "daivashaasthraparamaaya" pashchaathalam illaathe vedangale "varikal" aayi vaayikkaan lakshyamidumbol, maiks mullar (1823-1900) sayanayude vyaakhyaanathodoppam rigveda samhithakalude vivarthanam prasidheekarichu. addehathinte samakalikaraaya pishelum geldner sayanayude vyaakhyaanathinte moolyathekkurichu thurannuparanjirunnu
aadhunika scholarship avyakthamaanu. jaann gondayude abhipraayathil, griffit willson prasidheekaricha rigvedathinte vivarthanangal "thakaraarulla" aayirunnu, avar sayana aashrayikkunnath moolam budhimuttunnu. sayanayude vyaakhyaanathil kooduthal anweshikkappedaatha poruthappeduthaanaavatha vairudhyangalum "pakuthi vevicha" thaalkkaalika vyaakhyaanangalum adangiyirikkunnuvennu raam gopal abhipraayappedunnu, ennaal sayanayude vyaakhyaanam labhyamaya ellah vyaakhyaanangalilum "ettavum samagravum samagravumaan" ennum addeham prasthaavikkunnu, ithu addehathinte mungaamikalude veda vyaakhyaanangalude ganyamaaya bhaagatthinte saaraamshathe ulkkollunnu."aaryasamaajathinte sthaapakanaaya swami dayanandan thante veda vyaakhyaanangalkk valia praadhaanyam nalkiyilla.

