
justin kaumba

2007 muthal 2017 vare congo-brasaville deseeya asambliyude prasidantaayirunna oru congolese raashtreeyakkaaranaan justin kaumba (jananam 5 epril 1947). addeham ikyaraashtrasabhayil oru udyogasthanaayirunnu, 1992 ll congo-brasaville sarkkaaril deseeya vidyaabhyaasa manthriyaayi sevanamanushtichu; thudarnnu, 1998 muthal 2002 vare deseeya parivartthana kaunsilinte presidentum 2003 muthal 2007 vare deseeya manushyavakaasha kammeeshan prasidantumaayirunnu.
rashtreeya jeevitam.
niyari departmentilulla kibangou jillayile gaangoyilaanu kaumba janichathu. 1976 muthal addeham ikyaraashtrasabhayil oru udyogasthanaayi jolie cheythu. multy party thiranjeduppukalilekkula parivartthana samayat, 1992 januvari 26 nuu pradhaanamantri aandu reey milongoyude neethrthwathilulla parivartthana sarkkaarilekku deseeya vidyaabhyaasa manthriyaayi kaumbaye niyamichu. 1992 meyy 21 nuu manthrisabha punasamghadanayil deseeya vidyaabhyaasa manthriyaayi addehathe nilanirtthi, koodaathe shaasthram, saankethikavidya, yuvakkal, kaayikam, samskaaram, kala ennivayude utharavaadithavum addehathinu nalki. parivartthana kaalaghattam pinneedu 1992-ll avasaanichu; comba pinneedu yuu. ennil madangiyethukayum madhya aafrikkayudeyum grettu lake raajyangaludeyum yuneskoyude prathinidhiyayi maarukayum cheythu.
1997 juun-october aabhyantharayudhathil president denis sasso engueso adhikaarathil thirichethiyathinethudar 1998 januvariyil oru deseeya anuranjana phooram nadannu; foratthinte samaapanathil, 1998 januvari 14 nuu thaalkkaalika paarlamentaayi pravartthikkenda 75 anga bodiyaaya naashanal traansishanal kaunsilinte (cnt) presidentaayi kaumba thiranjedukkappettu. kaumba oru thekke raajyamaayirunnuvenkilum, sasso enguesoyude keezhil vadakkan janathayude rashtreeya aadhipathyathin anusrithamaayi cnt kooduthalum vadakkan janatha ulkkollunnathaayirunnu. 1998 muthal 2002 vare nilavilundaayirunna eee bodiye "lajjakaramaayi palikkunna rubber staambu" ennaanu vimarsanaathmakamaayi visheshippichathu.
2000 meyy maasathil radio france internaashanalil samsaaricha kaumba, pravaasatthil jeevichirunna sassou enguesoyude rashtreeya shathruvaaya muun pradhaanamantri bernard colelas oru kolayaaliyaanennu aaropichu. kolelaasinte veettil jayilukal nirmmichathaayum eee kuttakrithyangalude thelivukal thante pakkalundennum addeham avakashappettu. kombayude aropanangal colelas nishedhichu.
2001ll sthaapithamaayathum sasso engueso pinthunaykkunnathumaaya congo sakhyathinte ("ell 'alayans pore leeii congo", apc) prasidantaayirunnu kaumba. ithinu munbu addeham oru rashtreeya partyilum amgamaayirunnilla. kaumbayude neethrthwathilulla sii. enn. tii naalu varshathilereyaayi nilaninnirunnathin sesham, 2002 meyy-juun maasangalil oru paarlamentari thiranjeduppu nadannu, athinu pakaram oru thiranjedukkappetta deseeya assembly nadatthi. niyaariyile banda niyojakamandalatthile eiii. pii. sii sthaanaarthiyaayi kaumba thiranjeduppil nilkkukayum aadya roundil <aii. dii. 1>% vottukal nedi vijayippikkukayum cheythu. 2002 august 10 nuu deseeya asambliyude presidentaayi jeane-piyari thistter chikkaya thiranjedukkappetta deseeya asambliyude aadya yogathil addeham pankedutthilla.
oru varshathinusesham, 2003 august 13nuu, sasso engueso niyamicha deseeya manushyavakaasha commissionile 45 amgangalil oraalaayirunnu addeham, 2003 septambar 2nuu kammeeshan addehathe athinte presidentaayi thiranjedutthu.
2007 meyy 26nuu eiii. pii. sii. sasso enguesoyude congolese laber partyumaayi (pii. sii. tii) layippikkunnathayi prakhyaapichu. deseeya manushyavakaasha kammeeshan president sthaanam raajivacha sesham 2007 juun-august paarlamentari thiranjeduppil bandah niyojakamandalatthile pii. sii. tii sthaanaarthiyaayi kaumba nilkkukayum deseeya asambliyilekku veendum thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. aadya roundil <aii. dii. 1>% vottu labhichathinu sesham, randaam roundil punarupayoga sthaanaarthi jeane-claude moosaavovinaayi kaumba aakshan prasthaanatthe nerittu; addeham moosaavoye paraajayappeduthi seett nedi. 2007 septambar 4 nuu deseeya asambliyude puthiya paarlamentari kaalaavadhiyude udghaadana sammelanathil kaumba deseeya asambliyude presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu. votteduppil pankeduttha 129 prathinidhikalil ninnu 121 vottukal nediya eaka sthaanaarthiyaayirunnu addeham. kaumbayude thiranjeduppu oru thekkekkaaran padavi vahikkenda oru aachaarathin anusrithamaayirunnu, koodaathe niyamasabhayude muun medaaviyaaya thistter chikkayayekkaal president sassou engusoyode kooduthal vishwasaneeyamaayi vishwasthanaayi addeham kanakkakkappettu.
2010ll congo-brasaville athinte swaathanthryathinte ambathaam varsham aakhoshichappol, 2010 madhyathil deseeya asambliyude onpathaamathe saadhaarana sammelanathinte udghaadana velayil kaumba paranju, "aranoottaandinte rashtreeya paramaadhikaarathinu sesham, nammal ippol saambathika paramadhikaaram kaivarikkanam."2010 octoberil kaumba iraan sandarshikkukayum iranian president mahmoud ahmedinejaadumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum iru raajyangalum thammil kooduthal sahakaranm pratheekshikkunnathayi parayukayum cheythu. addeham ayatollah ruhollah khomeni yude shavakudeeram sandarshikkukayum 1979 leeii iranian viplavathinte neethrthwathinu khomenikku prashamsa nernnu.
2012 muthalulla pravartthanangal.
2012 juulai-august paarlamentari thiranjeduppil, bandah niyojakamandalatthile pii. sii. tii sthaanaarthiyaayi kaumba deseeya asambliyilekku veendum thiranjedukkappettu; aadya roundil addeham vijayichu, <aii. dii. 1>% vottu nedi. deseeya assembly athinte puthiya paarlamentari kaalaavadhikkaayi yogam chernnappol, 2012 septambar 5 nuu deputymar deseeya asambliyude presidentaayi kaumbaye veendum thiranjedutthu. vottu cheytha 138 deputimaaril ninnu 135 vottukal nedi addeham maathramaan eee sthaanathekkulla eaka sthaanaarthi.
central aafrikkan republicinte naashanal traansishanal kaunsil president alexandre ferdinand engundettu 2013 juun 5 nuu kaumbayumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi, 1998 muthal 2002 vare comba congo-braasavilleyude swantham traansishanal paarlamentinu neethrthwam nalkiyirunnathinaal oru traansishanal paarlamentinte pravartthanam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinekkurichu kaumbayude upadesham sweekarikkaan. 2013 desember 2 nuu paareesil fraansinte deseeya assembly president claude bartolonumaayi kaumba koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. paarlamentari sahakaranavum madhya aafrikkan republicile asthiravum akramasakthavumaaya sahacharyavum avar charcha cheythu. central aafrikkan pradhaanamantri andrey nsaapaayeke 2014 februvari 14 nuu brasavilleyil kaumbayumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi, thante raajyathe sthithigathikal charcha cheyyukayum prathisandhiyil congo-brasaville vahicha pankinu congolese janathayodu nandi prakadippikkukayum cheythu.
2014 maarchil sassou engueso niyari sandarshichappol, piyare mabyalayumaayi chernnu 2016ll mattoru president kaalavadhi vare nilkkaan bharanaghadanayil maattam varuthanulla oru nirddesham sweekarikkaan kaumba presidentinode abhyarthichu. taamasiyaathe, 2014 epril 6 nuu, nirddeshathinu pinthuna samaharikkaan uddeshichulla oru samghadana, bharanaghadana mattunnathinulla pourasakhyam, kaumbaye athinte presidentaayi sthaapichu. sarkkaarine nadapadiyedukkaan prerippikkunnathinulla nirddeshathinu janakeeya pinthuna samaharikkuka ennathaanu puthiya samghadanayude lakshyamenn kaumba paranju. aathyanthikamayi eee samrambhathin pinnil sassou engueso aanenna vyapakamaaya daaranaykku vipareethamaayi, avar sassou enguesoyude nirddeshangalkkanusrithayi pravartthikkunnillenna kaumba oonnipparanju.
2014 epril avasaanathode, kaumba samsthaana sthaapanangalekkurichu chinthikkaan prathinidhikalodu aavasyappedukayum aaa sthaapanangal inii raajyathinte saahacharyathin anuyojyamallennu nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. nammude samoohathinte parinaamatthinte aavasyakathakalumaayi poruthappedunna pariharangal aathmaarthathayilum aikyathilum naam kandethumennu thanikk aathmavishwaasamundennu" addeham paranju. 2014 meyy maasathil brasavilleyil nadanna francophoneyude paarlamentari asambliyude aafrikkan praadeshika yogam kaumba udghaadanam cheythu. "aafrikkayile bharanathinu paarlamenteriyanmaarude punk nirnaayakamaan, kaaranam njangalkk niyamanirmmanam nadathaanulla adhikaaramund. njangale thiranjeduttha janangal vyathyastha saahacharyangalil edapedunnathinum poruthappedunnathinumalla njangalude kazhivine adisthaanamaakkiyulla prathekshakal adisthaanamaakki."
2017 joolaiyil nadanna paarlamentari thiranjeduppil, bandayile pii. sii. tii sthaanaarthiyaayi addeham deseeya asambliyilekku veendum thiranjedukkappettu, aadya roundil 99 sathamaanam vottukal nedi. 2017 august 19 nuu puthiya paarlamentari kaalaavadhikkaayi deseeya assembly yogam chernnappol, kaumbayude pingamiyaayi deseeya asambliyude presidentaayi isidor mwooba thiranjedukkappettu.