chathuram (upakaranam)

45° konukalkku mittar squareukal upayogikkunnundengil 90° angle adayaalappeduthunnathinum paraamarsikkunnathinum upayogikkunna oru upakaranamaan square. marappani, lohappani, nirmmaanam, saankethika varaykkal ennivayil chathurangal saadhaarana upayogikkunnu. chila chathurangal dooram alakkunnathino (oru bharanadhikariye) allengil konukal kanakkaakkunnathino oru skeyil ulkkollunnu.
padavali.
oru "stokku", oru neraaya "blade" allengil "naav" enningane rund bhagangalaal nirmmichathaanu pala chathurangalum. blade saadhaaranayaayi bladinekkaal kattiyullathaanu, blade stokkilo athilo gadippichirikkunnu. bladinu saadhaaranayaayi samanthara arikukalundu. stokku saadhaaranayaayi oru varkpeesinteyo droying bordinteyo attathu pidikkukayum thudarnnu oru adayaalam undakkunnathinulla nerttha arikaayo allengil oru konile krithyatha parishodhikkunnathinulla oru referencio naav upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. 
charithram.
purathana eejipt, purathana roome ennividangalil ninnu nilanilkkunna thadi chathurangal akkalam muthal kalayil kaanaan kazhiyum. pathinettaam noottaand muthal chathurangal faaktarikalil nirmmikkaan thudangi, athinumumbu avaa saadhaaranayaayi maram kondaanu nirmmikkappettirunnath, palappozhum vyapaarikal thanne nirmmichirunnu. chila marappanikkar svanthamaayi chathurangal nirmmikkunnath thudarunnu.
chathurangalude tharangal.
vividha vyavasayangalkkum aavasyangalkkumaayi niravadhi vyathyastha tharam chathurangal upayogikkunnu
krithyatha.
vividha vyavasayangalkkum prayogangalkkum chathurangalude krithyathaykku vyathyastha aavasyakathakalundu. enchiniyaring squareukalkku britiish staanderdukal bs 939:2007, trai squareukalkku bs 3322 enniva polulla chila squareukal krithyathayude niyantritha maanadandangal paalikkunnathinayi nirmmikkunnu.
arikukal kshayikkukayo chathuram thaazhthukayo moshamaayi perumaarukayo cheiyunnathu polulla saadhaarana upayogathiloodeyum durupayogathiloodeyum oru chathuram kaalakramena krithyathayillaathathaayi mariyekkaam. thapanilayileyum eerppathileyum maattangalkkanusarich vasthukkal, prathyekichu maram, vyathyaasappedaam. krithyamaayatho silindar chathuratthinu ethiro ariyappedunna oru chathuram allengil yanthrangalude kashanam polulla ariyappedunna oru referencinu ethire chathurangal krithyathaykkaayi parisodhikkaam. chathuravum paraamarsikkunna vasthuvum thammilulla vidavukal parisodhikkaan thilakkamulla prakasham allengil feelger gejukal upayogikkaam.
samamiti skvayarukaliloode avaa svayam parisodhikkaanum kazhiyum. ell aakruthiyilulla chathurangalkkulla (chithreekaricha) oru reethi vishwasaneeyamaaya oru nerttha attathu chathuratthe pidikkuka ennathaanu, oru adayaala katthi allengil moorchayulla pensil upayogichu oru varii adikkuka, chathuram thirinj athe pooyintil ninnu mattoru varii adikkuka. chathuram krithyamaanengil oru varii maathrame drishyamaakoo.
thettaaya chathuram kaikondu sariyaakkaan niravadhi reethikalundu. udaaharanathinu, oru hand playne sandpaper upayogichu thadi bladeukal sariyaakkaam, athesamayam mettal bladeukal oru phayal, emery thuni allengil sandpaper upayogichu sariyaakkaam. oru chuttikayum panchum upayogichu framing squareukal krameekarikkaam.
pratheekathmakatha.
chathuram ettavum saadhaaranamaaya freemasonary chinnamaaya chathuratthilum kombasukalilum ulppeduthiyittundu. charitraparamaayi chathurangal, cherunnavarum marappanikkaarum polulla marappanikkar avarude vyaapaarathe prathinidheekarikkunnathin adayaalangalilum vamshaavaliyilum pratheekangalayi upayogichittundu. kristhyan vishudharaaya thomas aposthalanteyum jaims lessinteyum kalaparamaaya praathinidhyangalilum chathuram oru chihnamaayi kaanapedunnu.

