
misauri plan

jadjimaare thiranjedukkunnathinulla oru reethiyaanu misauri plan (yadhaarthathil merrit plan allengil chila vyathiyanangal ennum ariyappedunna misauri nishpaksha kodathi padhathi). 1940ll misouriyil uthbhavicha ithu american aikyanaadukalile pala samsthaanangalum sweekarichu. mattu chila raajyangalilum samanamaaya reethikal upayogikkunnu.
padhathi prakaram, oru nishpaksha kammeeshan judicial ozhivinulla udyogaarthikale avalokanam cheiyunnu. thudarnnu kammeeshan gavarnarkk ettavum mikacha yogyathayullavaraayi kanakkaakkappedunna sthaanaarthikalude oru pattika ayaykkunnu. pattikayil ninnu oru sthaanaarthiye thiranjedukkaan gavarnarkk arupath divasamundu. arupath divasathinullil govarnor oru thiranjeduppu nadathiyillengil, kammeeshanaanu thiranjeduppu nadathunnathu.
oru varshathe sevanam poortthiyaakkiya udan thanne nadakkunna pothutheranjeduppil jadji oru nilanirtthal thiranjeduppil nilkkanam. bhooripaksham nilanirthalinethire vottu cheythaal, jadjiye padaviyil ninnu neekkam cheyyukayum prakriya veendum aarambikkukayum cheiyunnu. allengil, jadji oru muzhuvan kaalavadhiyum vahikkunnu.
2016 leeii kanakkanusarichu, 38 samsthaanangalkku chila allengil ellah jadjimarkkum merrit adisthaanamaakkiyulla thiranjeduppum nilanirtthal reethiyum undu. samsthaana kodathikalile ellah sthaanaarthikaleyum avasaanamaayi parisodhikkaan irupathiyanchu samsthaanangalkku oru naamanirddesha commissionund. ettu samsthaanangalkku supreme kodathikalile idakkaala ozhivukal nikathunna kammeeshanukalundu. prarambha kaalavadhikkappuram unnatha samsthaana kodathikalil sevanamanushtikkaan aagrahikkunna jadjimarkkaayi irupathu samsthaanangal nilanirtthal thiranjeduppu upayogikkunnu.
padhathikku keezhilulla nishpaksha judicial commissionukal.
missauri nishpaksha kodathi padhathikku keezhil, oru nishpaksha judicial kammeeshan apekshakal avalokanam cheyyukayum udyogaarthikale abhimukham nadathukayum oru judicial paanaline thiranjedukkukayum cheiyunnu. supreme kodathiyeyum appeel kodathiyeyum sambandhicha kaaryatthil appeel judicial kammeeshanaanu thiranjeduppu nadathunnathu. misauri baarile amgangal (eee samsthaanathu licensulla ellah abhibhaashakarudeyum samghadana) thiranjeduttha moonnu abhibhaashakar, govarnor thiranjeduttha moonnu pouranmaar, chairmaanaayi sevanamanushtikkunna cheef justice ennivar chernnathaanu ithu. appeel kodathiyile moonnu bhoomishaasthraparamaaya jillakalil oronninum appeel judicial commissionil oru abhibhashakanum oru pouranum prathinidheekarikkanam.
kalimannu, green, jaaksan, plait, sent ennivayil oro surcuted courtukalum. luis kaundikalum sent sitti oof louis. louisinu svanthamaayi surcuted judicial commissionund. surcuted sthithicheyyunna appeel jillayile cheef jadjiyum baar thiranjedukkunna rund abhibhaashakarum govarnor thiranjedukkunna rund pouranmaarum adangunnathaanu eee commissionukal. ellah abhibhaashakarum pouranmaarum avar judicial commissionil sevikkunna sarkyoottinullil thaamasikkanam.
padhathiyude charithravum vyaapanavum.
purogamana kaalaghattatthil abhyarthicha mattu parishkaarangalkk anusrithamaayi, 1900-kalude aadya dashakangalil niyamapandithanmaar jadjimaare thiranjedukkunnathil raashtreeyathinte punk kuraykkunnathino neekkam cheiyunnathino ashayangal munnottuvachu, prathyekichu surcuted jadjimar, dainamdina jolikalil utharavaadithamulla kodathikal. eee vaadathinte oru udaaharanam albert emm. ahvaanam cheytha merrit selection prograamaanu. american aikyanaadukalile janapreethiyillaatha gavanment" (1914) enna thante kruthiyil calls.
nagara rashtreeya meladhikaarikalude azhimathi kaaranam merrit selectionulla pinthuna vardhichu. toom pendargaasttinte rashtreeya yanthram valareyadhikam swaadheenicha niravadhi vivaadaparamaaya judicial thiranjeduppukalkku sesham 1940 novemberil misauri watermar munkaiyeduttha harjiyiloode eee samvidaanam sweekarichu. mikka associate, surcuted jadjimareyum thiranjedukkunnu. ennirunnaalum, samsthaana bharanaghadana jaaksan kaundiyilum (kansas sitti) sent sitti oof centilum atharam jadjimaare aavashyappedunnu. pakshapatharahitha samvidaanathinu keezhil louisine thiranjedukkum. athupole, kaliman, plait kaundikalile (kansas nagaratthinte chila bhagangal) watermar, sent. luis kaundiyum green kaundiyum (springfield) pakshapatharahitha samvidaanathinu keezhil atharam jadjimaare niyamikkaan theerumaanichu. jadjimaare thiranjedukkunnathinu misauri eee reethi sweekarichathinushesham, mattu niravadhi samsthaanangal ithu poornnamaayo bhaagikamaayo sweekarichu. gateway aarch desheeyodyaanathinte sthaapakanaaya lutherly smithinte adhyakshathayilulla samithiyaan padhathi avatharippichathu.
chila allengil ellah judicial ozhivukalum nikathaan merrit selection upayogikkunna mattu muppathinaalu samsthaanangalkku misauri noonn-partison kodathi plan oru maathrkayaayi pravarthichittundu. 23 samsthaanangal samsthaana supreme kodathikku eee reethi allengil oru vakabhedam upayogikkunnu.
california valareyadhikam parishkaricha oru pathipp upayogikkunnu, athil gavarnarkk patthu varshamaayi practies cheytha eathenkilum california attorniye saidhaanthikamaayi naamanirddesham cheyyaan kazhiyum. ennaal nominiye stettu baar oof kaaliforniyayude judicial nominikal moolyanirnnaya kammeeshan (jeey. enn. iii) vilayiruthanam, athu pinneedu gavarnarkk oru nonbinding moolyanirnnayam nalkunnu. unnatha kodathi sthaanangalkkaayi, jeey. enn. iii. yill ninnu oru report labhicha sesham gavarnarkk oru niyamanam nadatthaam. appeel kodathi sthaanangalkkaayi, cheef justice, attorni general, badhita appeel jillayude (allengil supreme kodathi naamanirddeshangalkkulla ettavum muthirnna presiding justice) presiding justice ennivaradangunna judicial niyamanangalkkayulla commission govarnor naamanirddesham samarppikkunnu. cja oru pothuyogam nadathukayum jne commissionil ninnu report sweekarikkukayum nominiye sthireekarikkanamo ennu theerumaanikkukayum cheiyunnu. orikkal sthireekarikkappettaal, judjic chumathalayelkkaan kazhiyum, pakshe thudarnnu nilanirtthal thiranjeduppukaliloode (judeeshyariyude oro thalatthinum vyathyastha edavelakalil) kadannupokanam.
vimarsanam.
misauri padhathi vimarshakar illaathe allah. mattu samsthaanangalil upayogikkunna judicial tasthikakal nikathaan niravadhi badal maargangalund. nerittulla thiranjeduppu (pakshapaathaparamo pakshapaatharahithamo), samsthaana niyamasabhayude thiranjeduppu, allengil samsthaana senattinte upadeshathodum sammathathodum koodi govarnorude niyamanam enniva ithil ulppedunnu. 1940ll nishpaksha kodathi padhathi sweekarikkunnathinu munbu misauri eee reethikalellaam upayogichirunnu.
abhibhaashakarude amithamaya swaadheenam.
nilavile padhathiyile pizhavukal judicial thiranjeduppil unnatha vichaarana abhibhaashakarkku valareyadhikam niyanthranam nalkunnuvennu misouriyude mikacha kodathikal vaadichu. samghadanayude executive directorude abhipraayathil, "avar avarude thaalpparyangalulla oru cheria, insular grouppaanu. avarkk eee prakriyayil valareyadhikam karyangal cherkkaanund, pakshe avar eee prakriyayil aadhipathyam sthaapikkanamennu njangal karutunnilla-(avar) oru tharatthilum misoriyanmarodu utharavaadikalalla."
kansas sarvakalaashaalayile professor steefan ware misauri padhathiyekkurichu ezhuthi, "baar samoohathile oru varenya vibhagamaayathinaal, abhibhaashakarkku avarude saha pouranmaare" varenyavarggakkaar "ennu shariyaayi visheshippikkunnathinekkal kooduthal adikaaram nalkunnuvennu parayunnu."verre thudarnnu
kammeeshante kuranja vaividhyam.
muun misauri samsthaana niyamasabhaamgavum abhibhashakanumaaya elbert valton aafrikkan amerikkakkaaril padhathiyude swaadheenathil shradha kendreekarichu. "abhibhashakaraanu jadjimaare thiranjedukkunnathu... ithu janangalkk vottavakaasham nishedhikkukayum prathyekichu karuthavargakkaarkku vottavakaasham nishedhikkukayum cheiyunnu."2008 februvariyil oru pathrasammelanatthil, karuthavargakkaaril misauri padhathiyude swaadheenam avaganichathaayi aafrikkan-amerikkakkariyaaya misauri baar president charley harris valton aaropichu. appalettu judicial commissionile misauri baarinte moonnu sthaanangalilonnil oru aafrikkan amerikkakkaaranum thiranjedukkappettillettind valton abhiprayappettu, ennirunnaalum palareyum jadjimarayi niyamichittundu, koodaathe shree. atharamoru padhathiye pinthunachathinu harris "svayam lajjikkanam".
samanamaaya kaaranangalal samsthaanathinte misauri padhathiyude pathippine tennessiyile govarnor phil breadsen vimarshichu.
rashtreeya edapedal.
walstreet jenal" ezhuthi "sameepakaala slugfestukal enthengilum theliyichittundenkil, mattu samsthaanangalilennapole misouriyude kodathikalum raashtreeyathil thoongikkidakkunnu ennathaanu". misouriyil adachitta vaathilukalkk pinnilaanu eee prakriya nadakkunnathu ennathaanu vyathyasam."
athupole, professor bryan tii. misauri plan stetsil raashtreeyam judicial thiranjeduppinte bhaagamaanenn vaadikkunna vaandarbilt sarvakalaashaalayile fitspatric, "churukkatthil, merrit selection judicial selectionil ninnu raashtreeyathe" neekkam cheiyunnu "ennu enikku samshayamundu. pakaram, merrit selection judicial selection raashtreeyathe baarinte prathyayashaasthra mungananakalumaayi aduthu yojippikkunnathilekk "neekkum"."fitspatric athu rekhappeduthunnu...judicial theerumaanangalude falangalekkurichu abhibhaashakar shradhikkunnuvenna ashayangalum eee phalangal jadjimaarude prathyayashaasthra mungananakalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave ashayangalum amgeekarikkaan naam thayyaaraanengil, pothujanangalekkaal baarinte prathyayashaasthra mungananakal pankidunna jadjimaare thiranjedukkaan merrit commissionukal pratheekshikkaam."
tennessi govarnor phil breadeson samanamaaya paraathikal nalkiyittundu. addeham abhiprayappettu, "naamanirddesham cheiyunna kammeeshanarmaar avarude thiranjeduppu prakriyayil valare raashtreeyakkaaraanennu njaan karuthunnu. avar cheyyendathu ningalkk anuyojyamaaya lokathile ettavum mikacha sthaanaarthikale nalkuka ennathaanu."

