
kaal durge

kaal durge (maria dorothea derrier ennum ariyappedunnu 1780-1835) janana rekhakalil sthriyaayi naamanirddesham cheyyappetta oru prussian intersex purushanaayirunnu. avyakthamaaya baahya jananendriyathinte saannidhyam kandethiya sesham, darj oru purusha swathuam sweekarikkukayum oru medical maathrkayaayi upajeevanam nadathukayum cheythu. praayamaakumbol purushano sthriyo aaya lingabhedam thiranjedukkaan atharam vyakthikale anuvadicha prussian coode prakaram lingabhedangalulla vyakthikale engane pariganikkunnuvennathinnu ulkkaazhcha darjinte jeevitam nalkunnu. thangalude shareerangal medical gaveshanathinaayi upayogikkaan anuvadicha mattu intersex vyakthikalude reportukalkkoppam, darjinte cases linga nirnnayathinulla maargganirddeshangal sthaapikkunnathilekku nayichu. thangalude medical rekhakal avarodoppam kondupookunna eee intersex vyakthikal doctormar thammilulla medical vijnjaana kaimaattam vikasippikkaan sahayichu, ithu kaalakramena medical mekhalayil seeriyal vishakalanam prayogikkunnathilekku nayichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
akkaalat prashyayil sthithi cheythirunna potsdamil 1780ll oru pattunool thozhilaalliyude makalaayi darj janichu. 1801-ll, charmmarogam, orupakshe chorichil ennivayaal budhimuttunna addehathe berlinile chaarit ashupathriyil praveshippichu. ashupatri jeevanakkar darj kulikkumbol, darjinte jananendriyangal asaadhaaranamaanennu kandethi. prashastha doctor orikkal doktaraayirunna christoph wilhem huflant rogiye parishodhichu. addeham oru falas polulla ghadana shradhichuvenkilum, thanikk edaykkideyulla aarthavachakrangalundenn darj addehathe ariyichappol, rogi sthriyaanennum falas oru valia klittoris aanennum huflant nigamanam cheythu. lingathinte agrathil dwaaram illennathinteyum moothranaaliyude adithattil "labia mejara" sthithicheyyunnu ennathinteyum thelivukalude adisthaanathilaanu addeham eee roganirnayam nadathiyathu. darjinte cases oru sensational kathayaayi maari, athinte falamaayi annathe ettavum prashastharaaya doctormar addehathe parisodhikkuka mathramalla, addehathinte jananendria roopaghadanayekkurichu vipulamaaya reportukal ezhuthukayum cheythu.
tharkkam.
pashchaathalam.
sthreekal "purushanmaarekkaal kuravaayirunna" oru lingam maathrame nilaninnirunnulloo ennu aristottil abhiprayappettu. aadyakaala vaidyanmaar hermaphroditeukale daivika shakthiyude adayaalamaayum prapanchatthinte daivika kramatthinte thithreekaranamaayum kandu. 17, 18 noottaandukalil, anubhavaparamaya thelivukalum klinikkal pariseelanavum adisthaanamaakkiyulla shaasthram thathwashaasthrathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla medical padippikkalukale velluvilichathinaal, oru bainari laingika maathruka uyarnnuvannu. pathonpathaam noottaandode, purushanmaarileyum sthreekalileyum vyathyaasangal avarude vyathyastha shareerangal theliyikkunnu enna ashayam urachuninnu. anischithamaaya jaiva lingamullah aalukalkk, parisodhana saadhaaranayaayi doctormar untherlinga aalukalkk purushanmaarudeyo sthreekaludeyo vibhaagam nalkunnathino (allengil punarniyamanam cheiyunnathino) chilappol "thiruthal" sasthrakriya nadathunnathino kaaranamaayi. avarude nireekshanam rogiyude saakshyathilum baahya shareerathil drishyamaayathilum allengil oru microscopinu keezhilulla anubhavathiloodeyo parishodhanayiloodeyo nirnnayikkaan kazhiyunna kaaryangalilum parimithappedutthiyirunnu. oru "yadhaartha hermaphroditinu" laingikathayaayum jananamaayum pravartthikkaan kazhiyumennu vishwasicha doctormar laingikathayude bainari nirvachanangal paalichu. yadhaartha hermaphroditism" manushyaril nilanilkkillenn palarum vishwasichu. darjinte yadhaartha laingikatha kandethanulla shramathil, niravadhi doctormar avale parishodhichu, oororutharum vyathyastha nigamanagalil ethi.
vaidyashaasthraparavum niyamaparavumaaya parisodhana.
charitte hospitalinte medical skoolile sasthrakriya medhavi, vrishanangalude abhaavathe adisthaanamaakki darjine parisodhikkukayum sthriyaayi naamanirddesham cheyyukayum cheythuvenkilum rund lingangaludeyum savisheshathakal shradhichu. eph. eph. oru laghulekhaakaaranaaya monorchis, (oru thoolikaanaamamaayirikkaam) chaarit ashupathriyil darj parisodhikkukayum, purusha, sthree swabhaavasavisheshathakal drishyamaanengilum, darjinu laingikamaayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyillennum vandhyathayundennum, athaayath rogi oru hermaphrodite allah, marichu oru thettaaya roopathilulla sthreeyaayirunnuvennum prakhyaapichu. jena sarvakalaashaalayile medical faakkalttiyile professoraaya johann kristhyan starkk aanu darjine aduthathaayi parishodhichathu. staarkkinte chodyangalkku utharam nalkia darj, thante rakthasraavam yoniyil ninnalla, marichu oru parikkinetthudarnnu moothranaaliyile sravamaayi uyarnnuvannuvennu upadeshichu. darjinte fallas udhaaranathinaayi kaikaaryam cheythathinushesham, urakkathil skhalanam, udhaaranam enniva anubhavapettuvennum sthreekalodu maathram laingikamaayi aakarshikkappettuvennum addeham nalkia saakshyam kanakkileduthu, darj pullingamaanennu theerchayode nigamanam cheythu.
1803-ll, staarkkinte kandethalukal jena sarvakalaashaalayile addehathinte sahapravarthakanaaya france heinrich martens saadhookarichu. privy kaunsilar doow. collegium medico-chirurjikkam amgamaayirunna johann friedrich fritsum berlinil ninnulla sarjan general jerickeyum purushanmaarude vasthrangal dharikkan darjinodu upadeshichu. oru purushanaayi jeevikkaan doctormaarude amgeekaaram nedunnathu intersex aalukale sthreekalekkaal niyamaparamaaya nettatthilaakki, kaaranam athu "ellah pouraavakaashangalum swaathanthryangalum utharavaadithangalum" nalki. 1794ll passakia prussian samsthaanangalude pothu samsthaana niyamangalile vyavasthakal prakaram, sthreekal avarude bharthaakkanmaarkku keezhilaayirunnu, koodaathe bhaaryayudeyum ammayudeyum chumathalakal nirvahichu veettil jolie cheiyumennu prathekshikkunnu. vivahitharaaya sthreekalkku bharthaakkanmaare anusarikkendivannillen avarude niyamaparamaaya karyangal, swathukkal, swath ennivayil avarkk niyanthranamundaayirunni, koodaathe oru bhaaryaykk veedinu purathu jolie labhikkumo ennu bharthaakkanmaarkku nirnnayikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu. avivahithayaaya sthreekalkko vidhavakalko avarude saamoohika varggathinu nirddeshichittulla thozhilukalil maathrame jolie cheyyaan kazhiyoo. athe niyamangalile <aii. dii. 1> lekhanangal hermaphroditeukale praayapoorthiyaaya praayam muthal purushano sthriyo aayi jeevikkaan praaptharakki.
purushanmaraayi amgeekarikkappetta akkaalathe mattu intersex aalukalkk anusrithamaayi, 1807 muthal kaal darj enna peru upayogichu darj purushanmaarude vasthrathil yaatra cheyyaan thudangi.
currier.
durge aaa kaalaghattatthile mattu intersex vyakthikalaaya catherina/kaal homan, bhakshanathinum thaamasathinum panatthinum vendi avarude shareerangal parisodhikkaan anumathi kaimarikkondu yatra medical saambilukalaayi maari. eee pareekshakalil ninnu, gonaadukalude saannidhyathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla sexing maanadandangal sthaapikkappettu. yaatra cheiyunna intersex saambilukal gaveshakar thammilulla shaasthreeya kaimaattatthinum sambhavana nalki, kaaranam avar avarude diagnostic prasthaavanakalude "portfolio" avarodoppam kondupoyi. medical reportukalil ninnu darjinte yathrakal punarnirmmichukondu addeham 1801-ll berlin vittu jenayilekku yaatra cheythu. 1802-ll addeham leepsigilekku thamasam maari, avide addehathe doctor swakaarya dussent doktarumaaya france heinrich martens parishodhichu. mattu doctormar srishticha vyathyastha reportukal martens samaharikkukayum avaa valare vyathyasthamaayathinte kaaranam rogiyude saakshyathinte bhaagamaanenn nigamanathilethukayum cheythu. sthree vasthram, uyarnna shabdavum lajja, allengil purusha vasthradhaaranavum mukhathe mudi, purusha sthanangal thudangiya shaareerika savisheshathakalum swaadheenichirikkaavunna avarude swantham lingabhedam doctormar kanakkileduthittillena duesburg-essen sarvakalaashaalayile gaveshakayaaya steefaani sera choondikkaanikkunnu.
1803ll, durj fuldayilum praagilum aayirunnu, avide ludwig maximilian sarvakalaashaalayile obstetriks aandu pathology professor doktarumaaya johann failer, medical vidyaarthikalo pragway sarvakalaashaalayile staafukalo durj parishodhikkumenn prakhyaapichu. kurachukaalam thaamasicha sesham 1807-ll addeham landshuttle pooyi kaal darj enna peru upayogikkaan thudangi. audyogika rekhakalil thante lingabhedam maattunnathin judicial anweshanathinu nirnnayakamaaya medical report aavasyamaanennu vishadeekarichukondu ludwig maximilian sarvakalaashaalayile gynaecology professoraaya johann aantan schmid ttular addehathe parishodhichu. 1809-ll, durj ludwigsburgilaayirunnu; thudarnnu praagilekku pooyi, avide addehathe sii parishodhichu. dablyu. 1811ll legnicayilekku maarunnathinumumbu 1816ll polandil ninnu jarmmaniyilekku madangiyethiya addeham adutha varsham paareesil aarambhich landanilekkum netherlandilekkum pooyi gottinganil avasaanicha oru paryadanam nadatthi. 
1817 aayappozhekkum, panam sambaadikkunnathinaayi darj niramulla mezhuk kondu nirmmicha thante jananendriyathinte pooppal vilkkukayaayirunnu. aaa varsham addeham bambergile gadyakaaranaaya jorg steglenar oru sistik garbhaashayathekkurichu report cheytha oru parishodhanaykk vidheyanaayi. 1820-ll addeham veendum failerumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi, addeham darjinte pooppal orennathe darjinte yadhaartha shareeravumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum orikkalkkoodi addehathe oru purushan ennu ucharikkukayum cheythu. oru yatra medical maathruka enna nilayil darjinte kariyarinte avasaanathe feelarinte report adayaalappeduthi. 1820ll boonn sarvakalashaalayil jolie nediya addeham derrier enna kudumbapperu upayogikkunnathilekku madangi. addeham oru mezhuk kalakaaranaayi pravartthikkukayum shareeraghadanayude professoraaya france meyarinte shareeraghadanayude saambilukal shekharikkunnathinulla melnottam vahikkukayum cheythu. darjinte hermaphroditisathe kurichu charcha cheiyunna avatharanangalum prabhaashanangalum mayer srishtichu.
maranavum paarambaryavum.
1835ll oru strockinte falamaayi durej marichu. france joseph gaalum friedrich benchamin oosiyaandarum prasidheekarikkaatha parishodhanakalude reportukal kandethiya darjinte roganirnaya portfolio aadyam sookshumamaayi parishodhicha mayer addehathe sookshumamaayi postmortem cheythu. vividha reportukalude sangraham nalkia sesham, mayer thante paadangal muthal thala vareyum baahya roopathil ninnu aantharika roopathilekkum nadatthiya parisodhana vishadamaayi vivarichu. oro baahya savisheshathayum, thudarnnu oro asthiyum avayavavum vivarikkukayum alakkukayum cheytha addeham, lingam, prostettu, oru atrophide vrishanavum, phalopian tubeukalum, garbhashayavum, yoniyum, idathu phalopian tubinatuth andaashayampolulla oru shareeravum kandethiyathayi report cheythu. vrishanathekkaal andaashayathin samanamaaya gadanayundennu mayer vivarikkukayum perittoniyatthil pothinjirikkunna ghadanayil "graanuleshanukalum kozhuppinte pindangalum maathrame ulloo" ennu prasthavikkukayum cheythu. meyarinte anthima roganirnayam darjinte hermaphroditisathe sthireekarichu, sakthamaaya sthree swabhaavasavisheshathakal undennu nigamanam cheythu.
jananasamayath oru lingamaanennu karuthappedunna, ennaal pinneedu asaadhaaranamaaya jananendria roopaghadanayullavarkku niyamaparamaaya kodukaliloode chila svayambharanaavakaasham undaayirunnuvennu kandethiya vyakthikalude jeevithamaan darjinte chithram, ithu purushanmaarenna nilayil kooduthal avakashangal enthaayirikkumennathu ulppede avarude lingam thiranjedukkaan avare anuvadichu. yaatra cheytha darjinteyum mattu intersex aalukaludeyum nireekshanam munbu vaidyashaasthrathil sambhavikkatha thaarathamya seeriyal vishakalanathinte aavirbhaavathin kaaranamaayi. shareerathinte parasparabandhithamaya bhagangal vilayiruthaan puthiya saankethikavidyakal upayogikkaan thudangiya pathonpathaam noottaandile maarikkondirikkunna medical mekhalayile oru pradhana vyakthiyaan darj ennu charitrakaaranaaya maxilimilian scocho visheshippichu. pareeksha nadapadikramangal krithyamaayi rekhappeduthunnathiloode graphik vishwal praathinidyangal nalkunnathiloodeyum, pishakukal avarude kazhivine chodyam cheiyumennu manassilakki doctormar avarude prathyeka kazhivukalude kaaryavum praadhaanyavum vishadeekarikkaan shramichu.

