samgeethajnjarude seemoundukal

havaian ridjinu vadakku pasaphik samudrathile seemoundukalude oru shringalayaanu samgeethajnjarude seemoundukal. ekadesham 65 seemoundukalundu, avayil chilath samgeethajnjarude perilaanu ariyappedunnathu. eee seemoundukal rund shringalakalilaayi nilanilkkunnu, avayilonnu uterp hotspot ennu vilikkappedunna orupakshe ippol illaathaaya hotspottaanennu aaropikkappedunnu. pasaphik plettum muun faaralon plettum thammilulla athirthiyumaayi bandhapetta plate tectonixinode prathikarichaayirikkaam mattullava roopappettirikkuka.
cretatius kaalaghattatthil samudrathile yuva puramthodil eee kadaltheerangal nirmmichuvenkilum agniparvvatha pravartthanatthinte randaam ghattam eosene kaalaghattatthilaanu nadannathu. aazhakkadal pavizhapputukal kadaltheerangalil kaanapedunnu.
bhoomishaasthravum geomorphology.
necker dveepinte vadakkum vadakkupadinjaarum havaian ridjinu vadakku vadakku, vadakku-madhya pasafikkil, vadakku-madhya pasafikkil, ekadesham 200 kilometer neelatthil vyaapichukidakkunnavaya samgeethajnjarude samudratheerangal. munbu vadakkan havaian seemoundu rench ennariyappettirunna eee seemoundukal samagramaayi gaveshanam nadatthiya aadyathe antarvaahini parvathanirakalil onnaanu.
kizhakk-padinjaaru, kadaltheerangal enniva vyaapichukidakkunna rund vyathyastha shringalakal (onnu chakravartthiyude kadaltheerangalkk samaantharamaayi vadakku-thekk dishayilum mattonn vadakkupadinjaaran-thekkukizhakkan dishayilum vadakkan line dveepukalkku samaantharamaayum) kadaltheerangalil adangiyirikkunnu. seemoundukalkku saadhaaranayaayi oru deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla cross section uyaravumundu, havaian ridjinu thekkulla mattu seemoundukaleppole paranna toppukalilla; ettavum uyaram koodiyathu lisatt seemoundaanu, athinte kodumudiyude aazham. malancherivukalil oro agniparvvathangalum athinte neelam kooduthalum undu; itaaliyan, baachu malancherivukalil agniparvvathangal uyarnnathaan. samgeethajnjarude horstum thekkan malancherivukalum samgeethajnjarude seemoundukalude adhika savisheshathakalaan. samudranirappinekkaal valuth agniparvvatharekhakalaanu, athil samudranirappukal roopappettu. vidooramaayi pravartthikkunna vahanangal nireekshikkunna bhoopradesam valia blokkukal, thalayina lavakal, paranna bhoopradesam, laava ozhukkukal, thaalukal enniva kaanikkunnu.
motham seemoundukalude ennam ekadesham 65 aanu, avayil chilath pathinettaam noottaandile samgeethajnjarude perilulla henry vilyam menard aanu. perukondu ariyappedunna seemoundukalil iva ulppedunnu
bhoomishaasthram.
samudranirappinu thaazheyulla pasaphik samudrathinte adithara cretatius kaalaghattatthilullathaanu, koodaathe mure fracture soonn upayogichu pazhaya vadakkan (100 muthal 95 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu), cheruppamulla thekkan (80 muthal 85 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu) mekhalayaayi vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. vadakku, samgeethajnjarude seemoundukal pioneer fracture soonn kondu parimithappedutthiyirikku. 20 dasalaksham varshathil koodaattha puramthodil sangeethanjjar vikasippichedutha seemoundukal, avaa vikasikkumbol bhoomadhyarekhaykku 0 muthal 10 digri vare vadakkaayi seemoundukal sthithi cheythirunnathaayi paleomagnetic vivarangal soochippikkunnu. samudranirappinu mukalil ethiya niravadhi kadaltheerangal maathrameyulloo.
kadaltheerangalil ninnu neekkam cheytha paarakalil bassault, hawait, mugarait, trackite enniva ulppedunnu. shilakalil adangiyirikkunna daathukkalil ejirin, oogaitt, clinopyroxine, feldspar, ooksidaisd olivain, orthopyroxine, plagioclase, pyroxine enniva ulppedunnu. kaalsait, kalimannu, seoliteukal enniva altermation prakriyakaliloode roopappettittundu, koodaathe manganese nodyoolukalum nerittittundu. niravadhi maandil-derived gadakangalude mishrithatthiloode samgeethajnjarude petrogenesis maagmakale vishadeekarichittundu.
uthbhavam.
cretatius yugathile onno rando hotspottukal upayogichu seemoundukalude uthbhavam vishadeekarichittundu. ennirunnaalum, vadakkupadinjaaran-thekkukizhakkan pravanathaykku maathram oru hotspot uthbhavathe seemoundukalude dating pinthunaykkunnu. samgeethajnjarude greak myoosaaya yoottarppinte perilaanu eee hotspottinu uterp hotspot ennu perittirikkunnath. vadakkupadinjaaran-thekkukizhakkan pravanathayude theeyathikale adisthaanamaakkiyulla samaya kaalayalavile plate punarnirmmanangalum pazhaya line dveepukalum parasparam poruthappedunnu.
reunion, aislaant, asorukal thudangiya mattu hotspottukalkkum nirddeshikkappettilla oru prakriyaya spreading ridjinte sameepathulla saannidhyam avayude roopeekaranathe swaadheenichirikkaam. samgeethajnjarude seemoundukalude kizhakkayi sthithi cheiyunna pasaphik-faaralon ridge, hotspottil ninnu ridjilekkulla ozhukk samgeethajnjarude seemoundukalude kizhakk-padinjaaru trending ridjukal srishtichirikkaam.
samgeethajnjarude seemoundukalude roopeekaranathinulla badal vishadeekaranangal avayude saittil oru muun spreading ridjinte saannidhyavum pasaphik plettinte chalanatthile maattathaal roopappetta mekhalayile "bending line" ennu vilikkappedunna krasttal balaheenathakalumaan.
bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pashchaathalam.
ekadesham 10,000 kadaltheerangalum dveepukalum pasaphik samudrathinte adithattil kumilakalum shringalakalum roopappeduthunnathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. samudranirappukaludeyum dveepukaludeyum shringalakalude uthbhavam saadhaaranayaayi hotspot sidhaanthathiloode vishadeekarikkappedunnu, ithu oru nischala hotspottinu mukalil puramthodu kudiyerumbol agniparvvathangal eee gadanakal roopappeduthunnu. mattoru sidhaantham parayunnath, maanttil ploomukalil ninnu labhikkuna hotspottukal parasparam bandhappett sthirathayullavayaanennum athinaal bhoopradeshangal puramthodil kandethiya trackukal vishakalanam cheythukondu bhoomishaasthranjarkku plate chalanatthinte charithram punarnirmikkaan kazhiyumennum parayunnu.
pasaphik samudrathil niravadhi seemoundukalum dweep shringalakalum undu, avayil chilath cob hotspot, carolin hotspot, havaian hotspot, marxas hotspot, tahiti hotspot, pitkeynan hotspot, mcdonald hotspot, louisville hotspot thudangiya hotspottukalkku kaaranamaakunnu. eee hotspottukalellaam aazhathilulla thudarchayaaya maanttil ploom nalkunnavayalla; chilath maantililoode uyarunna urukunna vasthukkalude prathyeka baachukalaal poshippikkappedaam. samgeethajnjarude shringalaykkaayi nirddeshichittulla oru spreading ridjilekkulla maanttil ozhukk vazhi mattu shringalakal niyantrikkaam.
jeevashasthram.
aazhakkadal pavizhapputtukalum sponchukalum samgeethajnjarude samudratheerangalil valarunnu; thiricharinja pavizhapputukalil "aantippaathukal", "akantogorjiya", "chrysogorgidae", "hemicoralium", icdday "," paracalyptophora "," pleurogorgia ", primnoidukal enniva ulppedunnu, athesamayam sponchukalil" calophacus "," hylostylus "," polyopogon "," sacocalex "enniva ulppedunnu. chila sthalangalil yadhaartha "pavizhakkaadukal" kadaltheerangalil valarunnu. vidooramaayi pravartthikkunna vahanangal kadaltheerangalil nireekshikkunna mrugangalil aamphipodukal, anaemonukal, anglerfish, ambukazhukkal, bristtalmouthukal, pottuna nakshathrangal, sephalopodukal, chironukal, codling malsyangal, titophorukal, crinoidukal, cook eel, fangtooth malsyam, haalosarukal, jellifish, larvatian, piglet squid, policheettukal, riban puzhukkal, kadal vellarikka, kadal aanakal, kadal pena, kadal chilanthikal, kadal nakshathrangal, chemmeen, syphonophoreukal, chilanthi njandukal, skvaatt lobstarukal, archins, sonthidukal enniva ulppedunnu.
spodanaathmakamaaya charithram.
cretatius kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil samgeethajnjarude seemoundukal sajeevamaayirunnu. chila samudratheerangalil 96 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu vadakkupadinjaaran klasttarinum, 94 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu haamarsteenum, 91 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu mahlerine, 90 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu brahmakalkkum, 86 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu rachmaninophinum, 84 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu listinum, 83 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu khachaadooriyanum vestt shuman, 82 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu vestt mendelson, 79 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu kizhakkan mendelson, 75 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu baachu ridjin hyden 65 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu poumaakkuvaykkum vare praayamund.
plate tectonicsil ninnu uruthirinja parigananakale adisthaanamaakki, poornnamaayum keezhppeduthappettathum athinte agniparvvathangal ippol aprathyakshamayathumaaya faaralon plettil munbathe agniparvvathathvam sambhavikkaamaayirunnu. ekadesham 70 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbulla samgeethajnjarude samudratheerangalil agniparvathangalonnum aadyam kandethiyilla; onnukil agniparvvathathvam akkaalat avasaanikkukayo allengil athu veendum faaralon plettil thudarukayo cheythu. uterp hotspot ippol vamshanasham sambhavichuvenkilum chuttumulla asaadhaaranamaamvidham aazhamillaatha samudra pradesham uterp hotspottinte avashishtamaayirikkaam.
samgeethajnjarude samudratheerangalile chila malancherivukalkk valare cheruppamaanu, 53 muthal 52 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu aargon-aargon dating prakaram 48 muthal 47 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu vare thudarunnu. pasaphik plettinte chalanatthil valia mattangal vanna samayathaan eee agniparvvatham sambhavichathu; plettinullil sambhavikkunna sammarddangal samgeethajnjarude agniparvvathangale veendum sajeevamaakkukayum eee avasana ghatta pravarthanatthinu kaaranamaakukayum cheythirikkaam. charitraparamaaya oru bhookambam eee pravisyayil rekhappeduthiyittundu.

