echms anugrahathinte poornnaroopam

1789 epril 28 nuu thekkan pasafikkil charitraparamaaya kalapam nadanna royal nevi kappalil 1787 desemberil englandil ninnu purappetta 46 perum kalapam nadanna samayat avarude commander lefttanant vilyam bly ulppede 44 perum ulppettirunnu. kappalilundaayirunna randuper ozhike ellaavarum royal nevi udyogastharaayirunnu; breadfruit chedikalude melnottathinaayi niyogikkappetta rund sivilian sasyashaasthranjaraayirunnu ozhivakkal. kalaapasamayath kappalilundaayirunna 44 peril 19 perr (blaig ulppede) kappalinte vikshepanathil kuzhanjuveenu, athesamayam 25 perr, kalaapakaarikalum thadavukaarum chernnu, fletcher kristhyante keezhil kappalil thudarnnu. blaig thante vishwasthare thuranna boatil surakshitharilekku nayikkukayum aathyanthikamayi englandilekku madangukayum cheythu. kalaapakaarikal bhinnichu-avaril bhooribhaagavum 1791ll pidichedukkappedukayum vichaaranaykkaayi englandilekku madangukayum cheytha taahithiyil sthirathaamasamaakki, athesamayam christianiyum mattu ettu perum pitkeynile kandethal ozhivaakki.
naavikasena "aunaatti" yeei oru cutter ennu vilayiruthi, ettavum cheria vibhaagathilulla yudhakkappal-ithinartham avalkk oru kyapttan allah, marichu oru lefttanant aanu command cheythath, mattu kammeeshan cheytha offeesarmaaraarum kapalililla, koodaathe kappalukalude commandermark avarude adikaaram nadappilakkaan upayogikkaavunna royal marainmaarude saadhaarana dittaachmentum illaayirunnu. naavikasenayude board niyamikkukayum sailing maasttar joonn frairinte neethrthwathil pravartthikkukayum cheytha addehathinte vaarant officermaar cheyin oof kamaandile bligginu nerittu thaazheyaayirunnu. boat weyne, sarjan, marappanikkaaran, gunner ennivaraayirunnu mattu vaarant officermaar. rund maasttars mettukaleyum rund midshipmenukaleyum cheria officermaaraayi rettucheythu; ivarkku niravadhi oonarari midshipmenmaare chertthu-naavika currier aagrahicha "yuva manyanmaar" ennu vilikkappedunnavar. avar kappalinte pattikayil kazhivulla naavikarayi oppuvachuvenkilum midshippmeynukalumaayi quarter cheyyukayum avarumaayi thulya nibandhanakalil perumaarukayum cheythu.
audaaryathil" bhooribhaagavum blaig thiranjedutthatho addehathinu shupaarsha cheythatho aayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, yaathraykk munbulla jeevanakkaarude karadu pattikayil kappal yaatra cheyyaatha niravadhi perr ulppedunnu, athil rund sammarddathilaaya purushanmaar upekshichathayi karuthappedunnu. kappalyaathrakkaarude moonnaamathe yaathrayil (1776-80) kyapttan jaims kukkinte sailing maastaraayirunnappol gunner vilyam pecover, kavakakkaaran joseph colman ennivar bliginoppam undaayirunnu. aduthide mattu niravadhi perr blaiginu keezhil kappal yaatra cheythirunnu, kristhyan ulppede, vyaapaari "britania" yill vestt indeesilekku blygumaayi rund thavana yaatra cheythirunnu. iruvarum oru maasttar-vidyaarthi bandham roopeekarichu, athiloode kristhyan valare vaidagdhyamulla navigatoraayi maari; blaig addehathinu maasttarinte inayude berthukalilonnu "boundi" yill nalki, 1788 maarchil acting lefttanant padaviyilekku sthaanakkayattam nalki, christiani phalapradamaayi second-inn-command aakki. blaig cheyyaan shupaarsha cheytha mattoru yuva maanyan 15 kaaranaya peettar haywood aayirunnu, oru maxman kristhyaaniyude vidoora bandhuvumaayirunnu. oru haywood kudumbasuhrithaayirunna bleeginte ammayiyammayil ninnaan addehathinte shupaarsha vannath.
royal sosaittiyude presidentum paryaveshanatthinte mukhyaprasthaanakanum aaya sarr josaf baankukalaanu rund sasyashaasthranjareyum allengil "thottakkaar" yeei thiranjedutthathu. mukhya sasyashaasthranjanaaya david nelson paachakakkaarante moonnaamathe yaathrayile mattoru muthirnnayalum thaahithiyanmaarude bhashayil chilath padichayaalumaayirunnu. nelsante sahayiyaaya vilyam braun franchukaarkkethire naavika nadapadi kanda muun midshipmaanaayirunnu. thomas hayward, joonn haalat ennee rund anuyaayikalkk midshippmentinte berthukal surakshithamakkaan baankukal sahayichu. mothatthil, "boundiyude" kroo thaarathamyena cheruppamaayirunnu, bhooribhaagavum 30 vayassinu thazheyullavaraayirunnu. purappedumbol blaiginu 33 vayassayirunnu, oru vayass kooduthal fryeraayirunnu. muthirnna kroo amgangalil paachakakkaarante moonnu yaathrakalilum sanjaricha gunner vilyam pecover, munbu bridaaniyayile paaykkappal nirmmaathaavaayirunna laurence lebog ennivarum ulppedunnu. englandil ninnu pookumbool 15 vayassulla haalattum haywood aayirunnu kappalile ettavum praayam kuranjavar.
poorakam.
maikkal bairn.
1761ll irelandile kilkenniyil janicha maikkal bairn 19-aamm vayassil oru kazhivulla naavikanayi kadalilekku pooyi. 1787-oode anchu naavika kappalukalil sevanamanushtichappol kyapttan blaig addehathe boundiyil oru kazhivulla naavikanayi oppittu, pradhaanamaayum fiddle kalikkaan. blaig ezhuthi, "vayalin vaayikkaan oru manushyane konduvaraan englandil ninnu purappedunnathinu munbu enikku valia budhimuttundaayirunnu, oduvil moonnil rund andhane edukkaan njaan eshtappettu, oraalillathe varunnathinekkaal", addehathe "5 adii 6 inch uyaram" ennu visheshippichu. nalla niramullathum eathaandu andhavumaan. fiddle kalikkunnu. kazhuthinte pinbhaagathu oru prashnatthinte adayaalam undu."
1789 epril 28-leeii kalaapasamayath, bairn oru vishwasthanaayirunnu, pakshe addeham kalapakaarikalkkoppam kappalil thudarnnu, kaaranam addehathinte andhatha addehathinte ashayakkuzhappam vardhippichu. fletcher kristhyan addehathe taahithiyil karayil athichu. 1791ll "pandora" athiyappol addeham swamedhayaa svayam keezhadangukayum pinneedu "pandora" yude thakarchaye athijeevikkukayum cheythu. 1792-ll court marshyalil kalaapathil ninnu addehathe kuttavimukthanaakki.
pinneedu addeham bliginte anantharavanaaya francis bontinoppam "prompteyil" sevanamanushtichuvenkilum addehathinte thudarnnulla vidhi anjjaathamaanu.
thomas ellison.
thomas ellison (1772-29 october 1792) oru kazhivulla naavikanayirunnu. kalaapathil pankeduttha sesham addeham pitkeynile dveepukalilekku thudarunnathinekkaal taahithiyil thudarnnu, 1791-ll englandil neethi neridaan svayam svayam echms "pandora" naavikarude aduthekku thirinju. 1792 septambaril thuppalil vachu addehathe court maarshyal cheyyukayum vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum october october thookkilettukayum cheythu. kalaapathil ellison ethratholam kuttakkaaranaanennathinekku chodyangal thudarunnu.
kyapttan vilyam blaaginte sayudha kappalaya "boundi" yill thuppalil ninnu taahithiyilekku sanjarikkumbol 15 vayass mathramaayirunnu elisaninte praayam, vestt indeesil blaiginte keezhil vyapara navikasenayil sevanam kanda parichayasambannanaaya oru naavikanayirunnu addeham. avan hraswanaayirunnu () irunda mudiyullavanum nalla charmamullavanumaayi visheshippikkappettu. purathekkulla yaathrayude rekhakalil, blaig aaa kutty "mechappedunnu" ennum "valare nalla kuttiyaanu, athu valare nannayi pravartthikkum" ennum prashamsichu."niraksharanaaya kaumaarakkaarane" "ezhuthum ganithavum" "padippikkaan bly thante clark joonn samuvalinodu nirddeshichu".
1789 epril 28 nuu "audaaryathe" kurichulla kalaapasamayath, kappalinte veelmaanaayi ellison thante kaaval nilkkukayaayirunnu, ithu kyapttan blaig fletcher christianiyum thammilulla vyakthiparamaaya ettumuttal kalaapathinte hridayabhaagathu kaanaan addehathinu oru avasaram nalki. kaikondu thaazhekku" kyapttante utharavukal anusarikkunnath thudarukayaanennu ellison svayam visheshippichu. ennirunnaalum, yuva naavikan pinneedu thalappaavinte niyanthranam oru kalapakaariyaaya joonn millinu kaimarukayum vishwasthanaaya laurence lebogil ninnu upadesham thedaan rangam vidukayum cheythu. thante court-marshyalil thante katha parayaan elisoninu samayam vannappol, eee sambhavathe thante vishwasthatha sthaapikkaanulla sramamaayi chithreekarikkaan addeham shramichu; ennaal minitukalkkullil kappalinte boatil blaig kondu alanjuthiriyunna lebog aashayakkuzhappathilaya yuvaakkale sahaayikkukayo anukamba kaanikkukayo cheythilla.
avan moshamaayi perumariyathinaal, njaan vishwasikkunnu, ennodu moorchayulla reethiyil utharam nalki, narakatthil pookaan ennodu paranju, avane shalyappedutharuthu; ente pazhaya kappal pankaaliyil ninnulla eee sweekaranam mattaarkkenkilum apekshikkunnathil ninnu enne niraashappedutthi.
1791ll echu. emm. ezz pandora athiyappol addeham swamedhayaa svayam keezhadangukayum oru kalapakaariyaayi irumbil vaykkappedukayum cheythu. pinneedu jayil kappalinte thakarchaye athijeevicha addeham appozhum thadavukaranaayirikke court-maarshyal nadapadikalkkaayi englandilekku ayaykkappettu. 1792 septambaril ellison thante jadjimaare nerittu.
thante court-maarshyal saakshyathil, kalaapathin saakshiyaya vishwastha midshipman thomas hayward, yuva elison oru bionet pidichu blaig ennu parayunnath kandathayi oormmippichu, "nasham, njaan avane niyanthrikkum."thangalude shakthiyillaatha muun kyapttane parihasikkukayum parasyamaayi thanne apamanikkukayum cheiyunna kalaapakaarikalude oru koottatthil ellisone thaan kandathaayum hayward paranju.
leftanantaayi sthaanakkayattam labhicha hayward, kazhivulla navikanaaya ellisone gauravamaayi marikadannu, thante prathirodhatthinaayi kaunsilare niyamikkunnathino eee nindyamaaya saakshyathe impeach cheiyunnathino maargamillaayirunnu. oru nirasha pratheekshayaayi, sikshikkappetta manushyan jadji abhibhashakanu vendi oru paper ezhuthi, thante cases vaadikkukayum kalapam thante kazhchappadil ninnu vivarikkukayum cheythu. eee prabandhatthil addeham ingane upasamharichu
maanyare, ithu cheyyumbol enikku pathinarinum pathinezhinum idayil praayamillaathathinaal ente cases kanakkiledukkaan ningal valare dayayullavaraayirikkumennu njaan prathekshikkunnu. maanyare, eee manyamaaya kodathiyude dayaykkum kaarunyathinum njaan ennethanne vittukodukkunnu.
eee apeksha ellisante swantham kruthiyaanennu thonnunnu, kaaranam athil addehathinte kokni bhaashayude savisheshathayilulla shabdalekhanam thettaanu. ennirunnaalum, athu naavikane thookkilettunnathil ninnu rakshichilla. kalaapathin sikshikkappetta addeham 1792 october october thuppal thalayil thookkikkollappettu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
chaals nordoff jaims norman haalum chernnu 1932ll ezhuthiya 'buvittini oonn dhaa bavundi' enna novalil elisone oru veerochitha kathaapaathramaayi chithreekarichirikkunnu. addehathinte yuvathvaparamaaya shubhaapthivishvaasam addehathinte saha kalapakaarikalaaya thadavukaarude aathmaavine uyarthunnathayi chithreekarikkappedunnu, koodaathe addehathinte shikshavidhi, vadhasiksha enniva neethiyude parajayamaayi chithreekarikkappedunnu. 1984-ll purathirangiya dhaa boundi enna chithratthil dekstar fletcheraanu addehathinte kathaapaathrathe avatharippikkunnath.
joonn fryer.
joonn fryer (15 august 1753-26 meyy 1817) boundariyile sailing maastaraayirunnu. lefttanant vilyam blaiginteyum kalapa nethaavu fletcher kristhyaaniyudeyum sakthamaaya vimarshakanaayirunnu addeham, oru kaalath blay christiani anukoolikkunnuvennu polum addeham aaropichirunnu. bliginode deshyamundaayittum addeham kalaapathe pinthunachilla.
kadalinodu chernnulla kinarukalilaanu fryer janichathu. naavikasevanathinushesham addeham kinarukalilekku madangukayum pallithottatthile addehathinte shavakudeeram ippol vyakthamaayi thirichariyappedukayum cheythu. 1787-ll fryerine maasttar oof echms "boundi" aayi niyamichu, fletcher kristhyan maasttarude inayaayi sevanamanushtichu. 1788 januvari 10 nuu bly thante samghathe moonnu vaachukalil nirtthi, athilonnu christianic nalkukayum march 2 nuu christiani acting leftanantaayi sthaanakkayattam nalkukayum cheythu. fryerinum blyginum idayil pinneedu vikasicha ichhaashakthiyude uravidam ithaanu ennu chilar anumaanikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, oru maasttar enna nilayil, fryerinu orikkalum kadalil leftanantaayi sthaanakkayattam labhikkumaayirunnilla. vaasthavathil addeham orikkalum oru leftanantaayi mariyittilla.
fryer vishwasthatha pulartthukayum thimorilethaan bleegine sahayikkukayum cheythu. kalaapathe apakeerthippeduthiya frayarinekkurichulla blaiginte vivaranam, pakshe blaiginte court-marshyalil fryer nyayamaaya thelivukal nalki. fletcherinte sahodaranaaya edward kristhyan blaiginte pathippin oru kaundar veytt prasidheekarikkunnathil fryerine sahayichu. fryerinu orikkalum sthaanakkayattam labhichillengilum 1812 vare royal neviyil sevanamanushtichu.
audaarya" thile kalaapathinte vividha chalachithra chithreekaranangalil moonnu abhinethaakkal fryerine avatharippichittundu. 1935-leeii chithratthil, dvitt jennings addehathe avatharippichu, 1962-leeii "buvini oonn dhaa boumtti" enna pathippil eddi bairn addehathe avatharippichu. 1984ll purathirangiya "dhaa boundi" enna chithratthil danielle day-luis addehathe avatharippichu.
joonn haalat.
joonn haalat (1772-1794) "boundi" yile oru midshipmaanaayirunnu. addeham oppuvekkumbol addehathinu 15 vayassum kalapam nadakkumbol 17 vayassum mathramaayirunnu; dutch eest indeesilekkulla thuranna boat yaathrayil kyapttan vilyam bleegine anugamichu. englandilekku madangiyethiya sesham addehathinu leftanantaayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. 1794 desember desember englandile bedfordil 22-aamm vayassil addeham antharichu.
thomas hayward.
commander thomas hayward (1767-1798?) kalaapasamayath sannihithanaya oru naavikanayirunnu. pithaav francis hayward emm. hackneyilaanu addeham janichathu.dii., oru prashastha doktaraayirunnu. haywardinte mootha sahodari aan, vilyam bleegine vivaham kazhicha bettsi bethiminte adutha suhruthaayirunnu. bettsi vazhi, haywardinu "boundi" yill oru midshipman enna sthaanam nedaan kazhinju. audaarya" thile addehathinte sevanam mandagathiyilaayirunnuvennu thonnumenkilum addeham bleaginode vishwasthatha pulartthukayum addehathe valareyadhikam eshtappedaatha fletcher kristhyaaniyude kadutha ethiraaliyaayi thudarukayum cheythu. vishwasthare vahikkunna boatil kayaran utharavidappetta randaamathe vyakthiyaan addeham, aadyathethu svayam blaig aanu. haywoodin haywardine ishtamallaayirunnu, addehathe oru 'lokasnehi' ennu vilikkukayum samoohathil alppam valarthukayum cheythu, athinte falamaayi addeham saadhaaranayaayi thante steshanu purathulla vaayukkaleyum soundaryatheyum baadhichu.
bleegumaayi englandilekku madangiyethiya sesham, kyapttan edward edward ooninte keezhil moonnaam leftanantaayi hayward purappettu. taahithiyil chila kalaapakaarikale kandethunnathil avar vijayichu, hayward nannayi prakadanam kaazhchavechenkilum, athu nirbhagyakaramaaya oru yaathrayaayirunnu, "pandora" kappal thakarnnathode avasaanichu, ithrayum varshangalkk sesham randaam thavanayum hayward kappalillathe, surakshithathvathinaayi oru thuranna boatil svayam kandethi. oduvil addeham "pandora" yill ninnu rakshapetta mattu aalukalumayi englandilekku madangi, athinusesham addehathinte currier anishchithathvathilaanu. pradhaanamaayum niyamavirudhamaaya rekhakalude adisthaanathil, hayward sloop hamsinu "swift" command cheythathayi nirddeshikkappettittund. anganeyaanengil, 1797-lum 1798-lum thekkan chaina kadalil undaaya oru chuzhalikkattil kappal ellah kaikalaalum nashtappettappol addeham mungimarichu.
samanamaaya perukal kaaranam hayward palappozhum peettar hevudumaayi aashayakkuzhappathilaakunnu-oru saha "boundi" midshipman-.
vilyam mccoy.
1790 januvariyil taahithiyil ninnu pitcaren dveepilekkulla yaathrayil fletcher kristhyaaniyodoppam avide sthirathaamasamaakkiya oru scotish naavikanayirunnu vilyam mccoy (c.1763-20 epril 1798). mccoic oru bharya teoy undaayirunnu, danielum catherinum enna rund makkalum undaayirunnu. moonnu varshathinusesham, tahitian purushanmaarum kalaapakaarikalum thammil oru samgharsham pottipurappettu, athinte falamaayi ellah tahitian purushanmaarum, fletcher kristhyaanikalum (manks) naalu engleeshukaarum marichu. rakshappettavaril oraalaayirunnu mccoy (scotish).
tii trea roottinte madhuramulla sirappil ninnu madyam engane vaattiyedukkaamennu mccoy kandethi. avanum, matheyum, chila sthreekalum oru divasam muzhuvan madyalahariyil kidakkum. 1798 epril septambar madyapichirunna addeham kazhuthil oru kallu kettiyitt oru malancherivil ninnu chaadi aathmahathya cheythu.
vilyam maspraat.
vilyam musprat (1759-1797) thante raajaavinte sayudha kappalaya "boundi" yill kazhivulla oru naavikanayirunnu. kalaapathil pankeduttha sesham 1792 septambaril addehathe thuppikkond court marshell cheyyukayum vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum cheythenkilum appeelil addehathinte shiksha raddaki. addeham britiish naavikasenayile sajeeva sevanathilekku madangiyethukayum 1797ll echms "bellarophone" enna kappalil vachu marikkukayum cheythu.
audaarya" thinte pusthakangalil, maspraat oru kazhivulla naavikanayi mathramalla, kappalinte thayyalkkaranaayum pattikappedutthiyittundu. oru karakaushala vidagthanenna nilayil addehathinu prathyeka aanukoolyangalonnum nalkiyilla, kappalile mattu jeevanakkaareppole, kappalinte kyapttan vilyam blaiginte achadakkathinu vidheyanaayirunnu maspraat. 1788-nte avasaanathil taahithiyile "boundiyude" karayil pathichathinetthudarnnu, musfrat taamasiyaathe thante commanding officermaarodu moshamaayi perumaarukayum desemberil "duty avaganichathinu" kyaatt onpathu vaalukal kondu oru dussen chaattavaaradikk shikshikkappedukayum cheythu."1789 januvari 5 nuu rund kappalyathrakkaarodoppam olichodippoyathinaal kappal upekshikkaan sramichukondu naavikan eee perumaattatthodu prathikarichathaayi thonnunnu. ellaavareyum thirichupidichu maspraattine naalu dussen adhika chaattavaaradikk shikshichu.
1789-nte thudakkathil vestt indeesilekku "audaaryam" kappal kayattiyathin thottupinnaale kalapam nadannu. ettedukkunna samayat musprat orikkalum upayogikkukayo vedivaykkukayo cheyyaatha oru thokku upayogichirunnathaayi driksaakshikal pinneedu saakshyappeduthi. audaaryam" veendum taahithiyil vilichappol kalaapakaarikal athu upekshichu.
ithinidayil bly englandilekku madangukayum kalaapakaarikalekkurichulla vivaranagal ezhuthukayum cheythu; eee rekhayil ninnu maspraattin 5 adii 6 inch uyaramundennu naam manassilakkunnu. irunda niram, thavitt mudi, nerthathu. thante paadukalulla thaadiyude adiyil valare sakthamaaya karutha thaadi. palayidatthum pachakuthiyittundu."kandethaan kazhiyunna kalaapakaarikale thirichupidikkaan sramikkaan hums" "pandora" "taahithiyil athiyappol, thirichupidichavaril musprat ulppedunnu, kalaapathinte vichaarana neridaan englandilekku madangi.
eee vichaaranayude phalatthile oru pradhana ghadakam, oru saadhaarana naavikanaanengilum, maskraattin thanne prathirodhikkaan oru abhibhaashakane kandethaan kazhinju ennathaanu. kalaapathinidayil naavikan aayudhadhaariyaanenn driksaakshi saakshyam chithreekarikkukayum shikshikkappedukayum vadhasiksha vidhikkappedukayum cheythenkilum, thante shikshavidhi appeel cheyyaanum raankukalilekku madangaanum addehathinu kazhinju. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte thudarnnulla sevanam hraswamaayirunnu. 1798 januvariyil nadatthiya anweshanathil addehathinte vilpathram, aaa nirayile oru kappalaya echms "bellarophonil" addehathinte sevanam avasanichathaayi soochippichu.
maatt kvintal.
maadhyoo kvintal (1766 march 3-nuu maathyoo kvintril, paadsto, konvaal-1799, pitcaren dweep enna peril jnjaanasnaanamettu) oru cornish kazhivulla naavikanayirunnu. addehathinte kudumbapperu, orupakshe, cornish kudumbapperu "quintrell" thettayi ezhuthiyathinte phalamaayirunnu. pitkeynan dveepil kollapetta kalaapakaarikalil avasaanatheyaalaayirunnu addeham. nedu yangum joonn adams addehathe kolappeduthukayo vadhikkukayo cheythu, dveepil avasaanathe rund kalaapakaarikal jeevichirippundaayirunnu.
apamaanathinum avahelanathinum" adichu sikshikkappetta aadyathe kroo amgamaayirunnu kvintal."addeham pettennu kalaapathil chernnu. pitkeynan dveepil erangi anchu divasathinu sesham, britiish naavikasenaykku kappal avarude sthaanam nalkunnathu ozhivaakkunnathinulla suraksha munkaruthal enna nilayil kappalil ninnu moolyavathaaya ellaam neekkam cheyyaan kudiyettakkaarkku avasaram labhikkunnathin munbu kvintal "audaaryam" kathichu. addeham svanthamaayi nadapadiyedutthathaano atho addehathodu nadapadiyedukkaan utharavittathaano ennu ariyilla. polynesiakkaare adichamarthunnathil addeham mattullavare nayichu. 1793 septambar septambar sheshikkunna naalu polynesian purushanmaar thokkukal moshtikkukayum kristhyan, mills, braun, martin, vilyams ennivare kollukayum cheythu. vilyam macoicoppam parvathangalil olichirikkunnathiloode kvintal erakalil oralaayi rakshapettu.
dveepile oru pazhatthil ninnu madyam vaattiyedukkunnathinul oru maarggam mccoy kandethi. adhehavum kvintalum taamasiyaathe madyapaanathilekku erangi, palappozhum thante bhaarya tewaruwa ulppedeyulla polynesian purushanmareyum sthreekaleyum adhikshepikkukayum bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu. nedu yamginte pingamiyaaya rosalind yang, oru divasam tewaruwa malsyabandhanam nadatthaan pooyi, thanne thripthippeduthaan mathiyaya malsyam pidikkunnathil paraajayappettuvenn avalkk kaimaria oru katha paranju. avan avalude chevi kadichu avale shikshichu. aaa samayat addeham madyapichirunnirikkaam, kaaranam adhehavum vilyam mccoy mikka samayathum madyapichirunnu, mccoy vaattiyedukkunnathil vijayicha tii-root brandy kazhichirunnu. 1799ll oru malancherivil ninnu tewaruwa veenu-allengil chaadikkond aathmahathya cheythuvennu chilar vishwasikkunnu. mccoy aathmahathya cheythathinushesham kvintal kooduthal kramarahithamayi. fletcher kristhyante vidhavayaya isabella bharyayaayi edukkanamennu addeham aavasyappedukayum addehathinte aavasyangal amgeekarichillenkil kristhyante kuttikale kollumennu bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu. nedu yangum joonn adams addehathe yamginte veettilekku shanikkukayum addehathe keezhadakkukayum pinneedu kolappeduthukayo chila kanakkukal prakaram kodali upayogichu vadhikkukayo cheythu.
kvintalinte pingaamikal innum norphoc dveepilaanu thaamasikkunnath. thaamasikkunnath venalkkaala olimbiksil neenthal thaaramayirunna malcom chaambyan enna pingamiyaanu nyoosilandile aadya swarnna medel jethaav.
cheruppamaanu.
edward "nedu" yang (sii. 1762-25 desember 1800), oru britiish navikanum kalapakariyum kalaapakaarikalude pitkeynar dweep vaasasthalathinte sahasthaapakanum aayirunnu. padinjaaran indian dveepaaya seyint kittukalilaanu yang janichathu. oru pavapetta kudumbatthil ninnaan addeham vannathennu thonnumenkilum addeham schoolil pooyi. 1825-leeii royal nevi bioficil addeham sarr jorjju yanginte anantharavanaayirunnu ennu report cheiyunnu. addeham oru midshipmaanaayi "boundi" yude samghathil chernnu. kalapam avasanikkunnathuvare urangikkidanna cheruppakkaaran athu avasanikkunnathuvare unarnnilla. athinaal, addeham kalaapathil pankedukkukayo athinethire poraadukayo blyginode kappalil ninnu neenda boatil erangiya mattullavarodum cherukayo cheythilla. eee agnipareekshayiloode urangiya eaka kroo amgamaayirunnu yang. ennirunnaalum, thaan kristhyaanikaleyum kalapakaarikaleyum poornnamaayum pinthunaykkunnuvennum orikkalum englandilekku madangaan sramikkillennum addeham taamasiyaathe prakhyaapichu. pitkeynilekkulla yaathrayil addeham kristhyaaniyodoppam chernnu.
pitkeynile yung disttilariyude chumatala ettedukkukayum oru aadima madyam undaakkukayum cheythu. 1793 octoberil, kalaapakaarikalum athijeevicha naalu tahityan purushanmaarum thammil samgharsham pottippurappettappol, cheruppakkaar eee yudhathinte bhooribhaagavum urangukayum kalaapakaarikale pradhaanamaayum pinthunacha oru tahityan sthree avare samrakshikkukayum cheythu. tahitian purushanmaaril oralaaya neho vettayaadaanum kollanum cheruppakkaaran sahayichu. maathyoo kvintal, vilyam mccoy, joonn adams ennivaraayirunnu avasheshichirunna mattu moonnu kalaapakaarikal. yung dveepinte nethaavaayi amgeekarikkappedukayum aadams addehathinte suhruthum deputy aayitheerukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum chila srothassukal soochippikkunnathu iruvarkkum thulyamaaya adhikaaramundenn. madyapakaraayitheernna makkoyiyekkaalum kvintalinekkaalum avarkk kooduthal bahumanam labhichu. kvintal kooduthal madyapaaniyaayi maarukayum muzhuvan samoohatheyum kollumennu bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu; ithu sambhavikkaathirikkaan aadaamukalum yuvaakkalum kvintaline konnu, athijeevicha rund kalaapakaarikal thangalaayirunnu. eee episodinu sheshamaan cheruppakkaar disttilari adachupoottiyathu. athesamayam, avar pazhathottangal sthaapikkukayum avarude tahitian bharyamaaril ninnu niravadhi kuttikal janikkukayum cheythu.
1799ll cheruppakkaarkku aasthma pidipedaan thudangi. ekadesham athe samayam addeham kooduthal mathavishwaasiyaayi. mattu dveepukaar kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum cheruppakkaar aadaamukaleyum niravadhi kuttikaleyum vaayikkanum ezhuthaanum padippikkukayum cheythu. yanginte aarogyam kramena vashalaakukayum oduvil addeham aasthma baadhichu marikkukayum cheythuvenkilum sthreekaleyum kuttikaleyum padippikkunnathinum dveepinte neethrthwathinte niyanthranam ettedukkunnathinum american, britiish kappalukal dweep veendum kandethunnathinum vendi aadams jeevichu.
yuvaakkaludeyum kalapakaarikaludeyum pingaamikalil palarum pitcaren dveepilo norphoc dveepilo thaamasikkunnu.

