
ernst jii. bower

ernst jii. uparithala shaasthram, nerttha philim valarcha, nucleation mekkaanisangal, 1962 ll loow energy electron microscopy (leam) ennivayude kandupidutham ennee mekhalakalile padanangalkku peruketta oru jarmman-american bhauthikashaasthranjanaanu bouvar (jananam 1928). 1990 kalude thudakkathil, spin-polarised loow energy electron microscopy (spleam), spectroscopic foto emission, loow energy electron microscopy (spleam) enniva vikasippichukondu addeham leam saankethikavidya rund dishakalilekku vyapippichu. nilavil arizona stettu yooniversittiyil vishishta gaveshana professoraanu addeham.
jeevacharitram.
germmaniyile yoonivezhsitt munchanil padicha ernst bouvar avide ninnu bhauthikashaasthrathil ems (1953) birudaananthara birudavum doctor oof philosophy phd (1955) birudavum nedi. 1958ll addeham kaaliforniyayile chaina thadaakatthile maikkalsan laborattariyilekk thamasam maari, avide addeham kristtal physics shaakhayudeyum eiii yuu shaakhayudeyum thalavanayi.ezz. pouran. 1969ll germmaniyile klaustaal saankethika sarvakalashaalayil physics instittyoottinte professor director aayi addeham chumathalayettu. 1991ll arizona stettu yooniversittiyil vishishta gaveshana professoraayi niyamithanaayi. 1996 vare addeham germmaniyil thante gaveshana pravartthanam thudarnnu. 1996 muthal addeham arizona stettu yooniversittiyil muzhuvan samayavum jolie cheythu, 2010 muthal addeham asuvil part time jolie cheiyunna vishishta gaveshana professor emeritus aanu.
nerttha philimukalum uparithalangalum.
1950kalude madhyam muthal epitaaksi, philim valarcha ennee mekhalakalil bower sambhavana nalkiyittundu. electron microscopy, electron defraction enniva upayogichu aanti reflection paalikal valarunnathinekkurichum gadanayekkurichum padichaanu addeham myoonikkil thante shaasthreeya jeevitam aarambhichath. ionic vasthukkalude nerttha bashpeekarikkappetta paalikalude ghadanayum valarchayum sambandhicha addehathinte phd theesis electron microscopy electron defraction samyojippikkunna epitaaksiyal, fiber ooriyanteshan valarchayekkurichulla aadyathe chittayaya vipulamaaya padanamaayirunnu. 1958ll addeham adisthaana nerttha philim valarchaa reethikalude oru vargeekaranam uruthirinju, avaye addeham frank-vaan derr merway (paali-prathi-paali valarcha), wolmer-weber (dweep valarcha), staanski-crastanov valarcha (paali + dweep valarcha) ennu vilichu. addehathinte thermodynamic maanadandavum padawali innu lokamembaadum upayogikkunnu. athe varsham thanne "electron defraction thiyari, practies aandu aaplikkeshan" enna boverinte pusthakam prathyakshappettu.
kaaliforniyayile maikkalsan laboratariyil ethiya udan, parambaraagatha electron microscopy, ultra hye vaakvam yuechvi reflection electron defraction, loow-energy electron defraction leed, oogar electron spectroscopy enniva upayogichu addeham nerttha philim valarchaa padanangal aarambhichu. nerttha chithrangalude prarambha valarchayil adhishoshanathinte praadhaanyam addehathe adishoshana padanangalilekkum nayichu.
imajinginaayi defracted electronukal upayogikkunna electron microscopy uparithala shaasthrathinte bhaviye sambandhichidatholam valare pradhaanamaanennu 1961 ll thanne bouvar manassilakki. 1960-ll loow energy electron defraction (leed) paattenukalekkurichulla vyaakhyaanathekkurich lesttar jermarumaayulla shaasthreeya tharkkamaan 1962-ll loow energy electron microscopinte (leam) kandupiduthathinu kaaranamaayath. addeham aadyathe leam upakaranam nirmmikkukayum 1962-ll electron microscopicayulla anchaam anthaaraashtra kongrasil report cheyyukayum cheythu. 1960-kalil leemine manassilakkaan aavashyamaaya saidhaanthika pashchaathalavum addeham vikasippichu.
1969ll germmaniyile techniquel yooniversitti clostalilekku marria sesham, vividatharam electron, ayoon beam saankethikavidyakalum opttikkal reethikalum ulkkollunna vishalamaaya uparithala shaasthra group bouvar nirmmichu. thermal desorption spectroscopy (tii. dii. ezz allengil tii. pii. dii) yude alavukolulla vishakalanam vikasippicheduthu, ithu ippol uparithala rasathanthrathil vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna oru reethiyaanu. aakarshakamaaya paarshwapravartthanangalode dvimaana samvidaanangalude thermodynamic gunangal nirnnayikkaan varkk function alavukal vikasippikkukayum upayogikkukayum cheythu. eaka kristtal prathalangalile agiranam cheyyappetta paalikaleyum ultrathin philimukaleyum kurichulla padanathinaayi addeham electron stimulated desorption (esdie) staatik sims vikasippichu; uparithalangalude gadanaaparamaaya vishakalanathinayi alkali ayoon scattering (is); eaka aattangaludeyum clusterukaludeyum feeld ayoon microscopy (phim); uparithala urukunnathinekkurichul yuechvi-sem padanangal.
kuranja oorjja electronukalulla uparithala electron microscopy (leam, spleam, spleam, peam muthalaayava).).
1962ll thanne bower loow energy electron microscopy (leam) kandupidichuvenkilum 1985ll leam phalapraapthiyilethunnathu shaasthranjarude theevramaaya samshayavaadatheyum niravadhi shaasthreeya, dhanasahaya thadassangaleyum marikadakkendivannu. pathonpathaam enpathukalil leam kristtal nucleation, valarcha, sublimation, ghatta parivartthanangal, uparithalangalile epitaxy thudangiya aattomik prakriyakalude thalsamaya hye-resolution dynamic imej recordingukal nirmmikkaan thudangiyappol addehathinte pravartthanangal valare vishalamaaya oru pothu shaasthra samoohathinte shradhayilppeduthi. (ex-reey imajingumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol) leemil labhyamaya uyarnna signal theevratha 10 enm laattaral resolution aattomik depth resolution upayogichu 1500 keey vare sample thapanilayil thalsamayavum yadhaartha sthalathum uparithala ghadanayum chalanathmaka prakriyakalum nireekshikkaan anuvadichu.
1980kalude avasaanathil 1990kalude thudakkathil bouvar spin-polarised loow energy electron microscopy (spleam), spectroscopic foto emission, loow energy electron microscopy (spleam) enniva vikasippichukondu leam saankethikavidya rund pradhana dishakalilekku vyapippichu. eee reethikalude samyojanam ippol 10 enm skailil uparithalangaludeyum nerttha philimukaludeyum samagramaya (gadanaaparamaaya, raasa, kanthika, electronic) swabhaavasavisheshatha anuvadikkunnu.
saankethika sarvakalashaala clostalile bouvarinte groupile upakarana vikasanathinte vijayam eee upakaranangalude vaanijya ulppaadanathilekku nayikkukayum kuranja oorjja electronukalulla uparithala imajinginaayi samanamaaya upakaranangal vikasippikkaan mattu niravadhi grouppukale prerippikkukayum cheythu, athinte falamaayi vividha vaanijya upakaranangal vikasichu. innu eee upakaranangalude noorukanakkinu vividha pathippukal lokathundu, avaa kooduthal vikasippikkukayum avayude prayoga paridhi thudarchayaayi vipuleekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. bouvarinte pravartthanangal aadhunika metteeriyal sayansinte uparithalangal, nerttha philimukal, electronic metteeriyalukal, catalysis, instrumenteshan thudangi pala mekhalakaleyum neritto allaatheyo badhikkunnu. kuranja oorjja electronukalulla uparithala microscopy kandupiduthavum vikasanavum uparithala shaasthratheyum nerttha philim shaasthratheyum kurichulla padanatthil viplavam srishtichu.
bower 460-ladhikam prasidheekaranangalum (avayil 88 avalokana prabandhangalum pusthaka adhyayangalum ulppedunnu) rund pusthakangalum rachichittundu "electron defraction thiyari, practies aandu applications", 1958 (jarmman bhashayil), "kuranja oorjja electronukalulla uparithala microscopy", 2014.

