dakshineshyan achaar

avalehika, uppinakaayi, pachadi, loncha allengil noncha, achar (chilappol achar allengil achar ennum ucharikkappedunnu), athaan allengil athaan allengil athaan, khattaa allengil khattaan, sandhan allengil senhan allengil sandhano, kasundi allengil oorugai ennum ariyappedunna dakshineshyan achaarukal uppuvellam, vinagiri, bhakshya ennakal, vividha dakshineshyan sugandhavyanjanagal ennivayil samrakshichirikkunna vividha pachakkarikal, pazhangal ennivayil ninnu nirmmikkunna achaar bhakshanamaanu. niravadhi praadeshika vakabhedangalulla achaarukal indian upabhookhandathiludaneelam janapriyamaan.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
dakshineshyayile achaarukalude uthbhavam praadeshikamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu. kannadayil "uppinakaayi", thelungil "pachadi", thamizhil "oorugai", malayaalathil "upillithuthu", maraathiyil "loncha", gujaraathiyil "athaan", sindhiyil "khattaan", "sandhano", rajasthaani & brajil "athaa" ooo ", avadhiyil" senhan "allengil" sandhan ", bageli & bhojpuri, bangla odiyayilum" kasundi "ennaanu achaarukal ariyappedunnathu. hindiyil, samskrithathil veroonniya achaarinte praadeshika padangal ivayaanu "athana", "noncha", "senhan", "khathai". hindusthaani (hindi-urdu), neppali, bangali bhaashakalilum "achar" enna mattoru padam upayogikkunnu. aadyakaala samskritha, thamizh saahityangal achaarukalkku "avaleha", "upadamsam", "sandhita", "avaleha" ennee padangal upayogikkunnu. 
hindumathathil, achaarukalkkaayi mattu thaddesheeya hindi padangalkkoppam "aachara" enna oru adhika wack upayogikkunnu. pershyan uthbhavathil ninnu kadamedutha padamaaya achar islaamika bharanathin keezhil achaarukalkkulla hindusthaani padamaayi janapriyamaayi upayogichu. ennirunnaalum, indiayile achaarukal middle eesttile vinagiri adisthaanamaakkiyulla achaarukalil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaan. pershyan bhashayil, "aachara" enna vaakk "podichatho uppuvechatho aaya maamsam, achaarukal allengil pazhangal, uppu, vinagiri, thaine allengil syrup ennivayil samrakshikkappedunnu" ennaanu nirvachichirikkunnathu.
charithram.
ayurveda, sangam kaalaghatta grandhangalile aadyakaala achaar paachakakkurippukal maambazha achaarinekkurichu ariyappedunna aadyakaala paramarsham ulppede niravadhi inam achaarukale paraamarsikkunnu. "pothuvarsham 915-ll trivikrama bhatta ezhuthiya samskritha ithihaasamaaya "nalachampu", pacha maanga, pacha kurumulak, neelamulla kurumulak, asamskritha ealaykka, naaranga, chunnaambu, myrobalan, hogg plum, kallu apple, sugandhamulla manjack ennivayil ninnu nirmmicha achaarukale vivarikkunnu. lokopakara" (1025 CE), "manasollasa" (1130 CE), "pakadarpana" (1200 CE), "dhoopashaasthram" (1508 CE), kshemakuthuhala (1549 CE) thudangiya aadyakaala madhyakala pachakapusthakangalil pacha maanga, pacha kurumulak, neelamulla kurumulak, naaranga, naaranga, manjal, maanga-inchi verukal, inchi, radish, kayperiya churaykka, vellarikka, thaamarayude verukal, mulla mulla ennivayude paachakakkurippukal paraamarsikkunnu. gurulinga desika (pothuvarsham 1594) ezhuthiya "lingapurana" enna mathagrandhathil ambathiladhikam tharam achaarukalekkurichu paraamarsikkunnundu. bhakshyayogyamaaya pookkalil ninnu nirmmicha savisheshamaaya achaarukalekkurichum "nii 'matnama" (1500 sii. iii) paachakapusthakatthil paraamarsikkunnundu. 
gujaraathinte padinjaaran theerathu mugal saamraajyathinte niyanthranatthilulla thuramukhangalil porchugees vyaapaarikalaanu kurumulak dakshineshyayil avatharippichathu. madhyakala grandhangalil achaarukalil avayude upayogam paraamarshikkaathathinaal chuvanna mulak innu ullathupole achaarukalil eppozhaanu upayogichathennu vyakthamalla. porchugeesukaar kurumulak avatharippikkunnathin munbu, kurumulak, neelamulla kurumulak, "piper chaaba" (puthiyathum unangiyathumaaya roopangalil) enniva purathana, madhyakala achaarukalile thaapatthinte pradhana uravidamaayirunnu.
cheruvakal.
indiayil rund pradhana tharam achaarukalundu ellu allengil kaduk enna upayogichu nirmmicha achaarukal, ennayillaathe nirmmicha achaarukal. annayillaatha achaarukal uppu upayogichu pacha maambazhathil ninno naarangayil ninno eerppam purathedutthu uppuvellam srishtikkunnu. naaranga allengil naaranga neeru uppu allengil parambaraagatha "ganne qaa sirka" (karimbu vinagiri) enniva cherthu uppuvellamayi upayogikkaam. gujaraathil ninnum rajasthaanil ninnumulla chila achaarukalil sarkkarayaanu pradhana samrakshanamaayi upayogikkunnathu.
venalkkaalath veettilundaakkunna achaarukal thayyarakkunnu. randaazhcha vare sooryaprakaasham ealkkunnathiloode avaa pakwata praapikkunnu. achaar paakamaakumbol parambaraagathamaayi muslin kondu moodunnu. indian upabhookhandathile pradeshangalkkanusarichu mattu cheruvakal vyathyaasappedunnunde, dakshineshyan achaarukalile nirnnayaka gadakamaanu kurumulak. naaranga, naaranga, maambazham, inchi, vazhuthananga ennivayaanu saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna chila cheruvakal.
praadeshika vyathiyanangal.
india.
ore pradhana cheruvakal upayogichenkilum, thayyarakkal saankethikavidyakalileyum sugandhavyanjanangalileyum vyathyaasangal indian achaarukalil valia vyathyaasathin kaaranamaayi. dakshinenthyayil ninnulla oru maambazha achaarinu utharenthyayil nirmmichathil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaaya ruchiyundu, kaaranam dakshinenthyan samsthaanangal ellu enna ishtappedukayum sugandhavyanjanagal uthppaadippikkukayum cheiyunnu, athesamayam vadakkan samsthaanangal kaduk enna eshtappedunnu.
haryanayile paanippath nagaram vaanijyaparamaaya "achaarinte" kendramaayi ariyappedunnu, koodaathe "pacharanga" (aksharaarthatthil "anchu nirangal", anchu pachakkarikal upayogichu thayyarakkunnathu), "satranga" (aksharaarthatthil "ezhu nirangal", ezhu pachakkarikal upayogichu thayyarakkunnathu) ennivaykku ithu prashasthamaan. "pachakkara, vellari, thamara thandu, caronda, myrobalan, naaranga thudangiya cheruvakal adangiya kaduk ennayilum muzhuvan sugandhavyanjanagalilum "pacharanga", "satranga" "achar" enniva pakam cheiyunnu. "1930ll innathe paakkisthaanile mianwali jillayile kalurkote graamatthil murley dharr dhingrayaan pachranga 'achar' aadyamaayi srishtichathu. 1943ll dingrayude pingaamikal achaar indiayilekku konduvannu. konduvannu kanakkanusarichu, paanippath ellah varshavum "achar" vilamathikkunna "achaar" uthppaadippikkukayum praadeshika vipanikalilekku vitharanam cheyyukayum yuke, us, middle eest ennividangalilekku kayattumathi cheyyukayum cheythu.
dakshinenthyayil, eee mekhalayile kadutha choodullathum sanni kaalaavasthayum prayojanappeduthikkondu mikka pachakkarikalum sugandhavyanjanagal upayogichu sooryaprakaashathil unakkunnu. sooryaprakaashathil unakkunna prakriya pachakkarikalkoppam kaduk, uluva vithukal, mulak podi, uppu, inchi, manjal thudangiya sugandhavyanjanagalum swaabhaavikamaayi samrakshikkunnu. prakriya vegathilaakkaan, unakkunnathinu munbu pachakkarikal pakam cheyyaam.thelankaana, andhraapradesh samsthaanangal prathyekichu sugandhavyanjanangalkk perukettathaanu. veluthulliyum injiyum (thelungil) chernna pazhutha maambazhavum pachamulak (thelungil) cherttha pazhutha puli, chuvanna mulak (thelungil) enniva dainamdina bhakshanathile pradhana gadakangalaanu. gooseberry (thelungil), naaranga (thelungil) achaarukalum vyaapakamaayi kazhikkunnu.
thamizhnaattile pradhana sugandhavyanjanamaanu maanga achaar. maambazhathinu oru inch maathram neelamulla venalkkaalathinte thudakkathilaanu ithu saadhaaranayaayi nirmmikkunnath. samrakshana prakriya achaarinu savisheshamaaya ruchi nalkunna kaasttar oayil upayogikkunnu. mulappicha sitronukal kondu porichathum uppu kondu nirachathumaaya sitronukalkkum uppu cherttha thairu kondu niracha sooryaprakaashathil unakkiya mulak adangiyirikkunna sitronukalkkum thamizhnaad ariyappedunnu.
karnataka samsthaanathu, mriduvaaya muzhuvan maambazhatheyum uppu upayogichu nirjjaleekaranam cheythaanu mriduvaaya muzhuvan maambazha acharum nirmmikkunnath. maambazha achaarinu vyathyasthamaaya ruchi nalkunna maambazha inamaanu appemidi allengil appimidy, koodaathe gooseberry (nellikaayi), hogplum (amethekaayi), naaranga (nimbekaayi allengil limbekayi) ennivayil ninnu nirmmicha achaarukalum janapriyamaan. bhakshya enna upayogikkaathe indian achaarukal nirmmikkunnathinulla savisheshamaaya maarggavum udupi paachakareethiyund.
theerapradeshangalil thamasikkunna dakshinenthyakkaarum malsyavum mamsavum achaar cheiyunnu. thamizhnaattil uppuvellam cherthu sooryaprakaashathil unakkunna malsyamaanu nirmmikkunnath. aangovikalil ninnu nirmmicha ithu ettavum janapriyamaaya enangalil onnaanu. keralatthil tyoona, matthi enniva cheruthaayi murichu sugandhavyanjanagalil maarinettu cheyth stau toppil pakam cheyth undaakkunnu. aandhraapradeshilum thelankaanayilum malsyavum chemmeen achaarukalum kazhikkumbol, avaa aattinkuttikaludeyum chikkan achaarukaludeyum athra prachaarathililla.
pazhutha maambazham, naaranga, pachamulak, (cordia dicotoma), kerda enniva gujarati achaarile pradhana cheruvakalaayi saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu. nilakkadala enna upayogichu nirmmicha uppuvecha maanga achaar, uluva vithukalum chuvanna mulak podiyum upayogichu sugandhavyanjanagal; nilakkadala ennayum sharkara upayogichu nirmmicha choodullathum maduramullathumaaya maanga achaar, perumjeerakam, unangiya eenthappazham (), kaduk, chuvanna mulak podi; panchasaara syrup, jeerakam, mulak podi enniva upayogichu nirmmicha choodullathum maduramullathumaaya maanga achaar ennivayaanu saadhaarana gujarati achaarukalil ulppedunnathu.
mianmar (barma).
achaarinte barmees vaakk "taanat" () aanu. maanga achaar () ("taayeth thii taanat") aanu ettavum prachaarathilulla inam. vinagiri, panchasaara, uppu, mulak podi, masala, veluthulli, puthiya mulak, kaduk vithukal enniva upayogichu unakkiya pacha, paakamaya allengil unakkiya maambazham upayogichaanu achaar nirmmikkunnath. barmees paachakareethikalil curry, biriyani ennivaykkoppam maanga achaar saadhaaranayaayi oru sugandhavyanjanamaayi upayogikkunnu. vettu taanat hiin" () enna parambaraagatha barmees kariyile oru pradhana ghadakam koodiyaanithu.
neppaal.
neppaalil, "achar" () saadhaaranayaayi pradhaanamaaya dhaal-bhatt-tarkari, momo ennivaykkoppam kazhikkunnu. neppaalile pala "achar" faaktarikalum sthreekalude udamasthathayilullatho pravartthippikkunnatho aanu. kaduk vithukal, taimur (sichuwan kurumulak), jeerakam podi, malli podi, manjal podi, mulak podi thudangiya sugandhavyanjanagal upayogichaanu neppali "achar" nirmmikkunnath. neppaalil kazhikkunna janapriyamaaya chila inam achaarangal ivayaanu
pakistan.
aadhunika paakkisthaanile sind pravishya shikrarpuri "achar", hyderabadi "achar" ennivaykku perukettathaanu. eee rund "achar" enangalum paakisthaanilum videshathum saadhaaranayaayi kazhikkunnu. madhyakala indiayil 1600-kalil shikrarpuri "achar" uthbhavichathayi vishwasikkappedunnu. kaaratt, turnip, ulli, coliflower, kadala, veluthulli, pachamulak, naaranga, maanga enniva ulkkollunna mishra achaaraan ettavum janapriyamaaya vividatharam shikarpuri "achar".
srilanka.
achaarukal simhalathil "achaaru" allengil thamizhil "oorugai" ennaanu ariyappedunnathu.
aphrica.
dakshinaafrikkayilum boatswanayilum indian achaarukale "attaachar" ennu vilikkunnu. avaa praadhamikamaayi pazhutha maambazhangalil ninnaan nirmmikkunnath, chilappol appathodoppam kazhikkunnu.

