
karutha vadi

komanvelthu raajyangalile niravadhi raajyangalile paarlamentukalile oru udyogasthanaanu karutha vadi asher (palappozhum karutha vadi ennu churukkipparayunnu, chila rajyangalil, purushanaanengil karutha vadi asher ennu aupachaarikamaayi ariyappedunnu allengil sthreenaanengil karutha vadi asher ennu ariyappedunnu). yunaittad kingdatthile paarlamentinte house oof lordsilaanu eee sthaanam uthbhavikkunnath. austreliya, canada, nyoosiland ennividangalilum thulya sthaanangal nilavilundu. 
mattu shareerangalil serjant-attu-arms ennariyappedunnathinu samaanamaan eee sthaanam.
uthbhavam.
1350ll royal lettezhs pettantiloodeyaanu oafees srishtichathu, ennirunnaalum nilavile thalakkett 1522 muthal aanu. komanveltthile mattu amgangal britiish westminstar sambradaayam sweekarichappol eee sthaanam sweekarichu. offeesinte adhikaarathinte pradhana pratheekamaaya swarnna simham kondu mukalil nilkkunna oru ebony staaf oof oafees enna staafil ninnaan eee padavi uruthirinjathu.
oru aachaaraparamaaya vadi allengil staaf oafees udamayude adhikaarathe soochippikkunna oru saadhaarana tharam chihnamaanu. pala samskaarangalileyum purathana adhikara vyakthikalude chithreekaranangalil atharam vadi ulppedunnu (pakaram chenkolu ennu vilikkunnu). roman republicileyum pilkkala saamrajyathileyum chila unnathala udyogasthare anugamicha kavalkkar ("lictorukal") vahichirunna faasukal (aksharaarthatthil oru charadukalude koottam) aayirunnu mattoru aadyakaala udaaharanam.
yunaittad kingdom.
yunaittad kingdatthil, karthaavinte bhavanathilekkum athinte parisarangalilekkum praveshanam niyanthrikkunnathinum kramam nilanirthunnathinum athupole aaa parisarangalkkullile aachaaraparamaaya paripaadikalkkum karutha vadi pradhaanamaayum utharavaadiyaanu. 2018 nte thudakkam muthal, saaraa clark enna oru sthree aadyamaayi eee padavi vahikkunnu.
niyamanam.
ellah house oof loards udyogastharudeyum thozhiludamayaaya paarlamentukalile clark nadathunna recruitment thirachilinte adisthaanathilaanu kireedamaanu black vadi audyogikamaayi niyamikkunnath. 2002 nuu munbu, royal nevi, britiish armi, royal airfozhs ennivayil ninnulla viramicha muthirnna udyogastharkkidayil oafees karangikkondirunnu. ippol athu parasyamaayi parasyappedutthunnu. engleesh oordar oof garterile oru udyogasthanaanu black rooad, ithinakam naitt padavi labhichillengil saadhaaranayaayi naitt baachilaraayi niyamikkappedunnu. avarude upanaayakan karutha vadikku oorjjadaathaavaanu.
audyogika chumathalakal.
karthaavinte bhavanathilekkum athinte parisarangalilekkum ulla praveshanam niyanthrikkunnathinum kramam nilanirthunnathinum athupole aaa parisarangalilulla aachaaraparamaaya paripaadikalkkum karutha vadi pradhaanamaayum utharavaadiyaanu. surakshayudeyum westminstar kottaaratthinte kettidangaludeyum sevanangaludeyum muun utharavaadithangal yathaakramam paarlamentari security directork (2016 januvariyil srishticha tasthika) loards director oof faesilittikalkkum (aaa thasthikayude srishtiyum 2009 meyy maasathil annathe karutha vadi viramikkukayum cheythathumaayi bandhappett) kaimari.
black vadi audyogika chumathalakalil gaarttarinte ettavum manyamaaya kramatthinte yogangalil asher, dorkeeper ennee utharavaadithangalum ulppedunnu; karthaakkanmaaril paramaadhikaariyude vyakthiparamaaya parichaarakan; karthaavinte sekrattari, grettu chamberline, sarjant-attu-ams, veedinte vaathilukalude sookshippukaaran, karthaavinte veettilekku aparichithare praveshippikkunnathinu chumatala enniva ulppedunnu. paarlamentinte uparisabhayaya house oof loards sessionil aayirikkumbol black vadi allengil avarude deputy, yoman asher, hajaraakukayum sabhayil ellah puthiya karthaavinteyum laukikamaaya aamukhathil oru punk vahikkukayum venam (pakshe puthiya karthaavinte aathmeeyanaaya bishappukalude allah). prathyekaavakaasha lamghanathino allengil avahelanamo kramakkedo polulla mattu paarlamentari kuttakrithyangalkko allengil sabhayude nadapadikal thadassappeduthunnathino kuttakkaranaaya eathenkilum prabhuvine black rooad arast cheiyunnu. house oof komansile avarude thulyanaan aayudhadhaariyaaya serjant.
black vadi enna nilayil thante joliyude 30 sathamaanavum pothubhavanatthinullilo athinullilo aanennu muun black rooad david leaky paranju.
black vadi, avarude deputy ennivarkkoppam, westminstar kottaarathinullil aachaaraparamaaya paripaadikal samghadippikkunnathinu utharavaadikalaanu, atharam paripaadikal nadathunnathinulla supradhana logistiksine nayikkunnathil neethrthwam nalkunnu.
aachaaraparamaaya chumathalakal.
garbhini.
eee punk yoman asharinum deputy serjant-attu-armasinum allengil judicial avasarangalil, loard speakerude deputy, asisttant serjant-attu-aarmmukalkkum nalkiyittundenkilum, house oof loards speaker (munbu loard chansalar, ippol loard speaker) araykkullilum puratthum gadhiye vahikkunnathin karutha vadi sidhaanthathil utharavaadiyaanu. 1876laanu eee gadha avatharippikkappettath.
paarlamentinte samsthaana udghaadanam.
paarlamentinte samsthaana udghaadanathinum simhaasanathil ninnulla prasamgathinum chuttumulla chadangukalile pankinaalaanu karutha vadi kooduthal ariyappedunnathu. prasamgatthil pankedukkaanum avare prabhukkalude aduthekku nayikkanum karutha vadi saadhaaranakkaare vilikkunnu. aachaarathinte bhaagamaayi, house oof komansinte arayilekkulla vaathilukal aduthuvarunna karutha vadi mukhathu idichidunnu. paramaadhikaariyude pothuswaathanthryathinte pratheekamaanith. karutha vadi avarude staaf upayogichu moonnu thavana vathilil adikkukayum thudarnnu avare praveshippikkukayum pankedukkaan raajaavinte summons purappeduvikkukayum cheiyunnu.
karthaakkanmaarkk vaayikkaan oru kammeeshan undaakukayum athu kelkkaan karutha vadi empikale vilikkukayum cheiyumbozhellaam eee aacharam sambhavikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, 2019 desember 17 chovvazhcha eee aacharam randuthavana nadannu.
1642ll anchu amgangale arast cheyyaanulla chaals onnaaman raajaavinte shramathil ninnaan eee aacharam uruthirinjathu, ithu bharanaghadanayude lamghanamaayi kanakkakkappettu. ithum raajaavinte munkaalapravarthanangalum aabhyantharayudhathilekku nayichu. aaa sambhavathin sesham, raajaavinte prathinidhiyude chamberil pravesikkaanulla avakaashathe chodyam cheyyaanulla avakasham house oof koomans nilanirthiyittundu, ennirunnaalum niyamaparamaaya adhikaarathode praveshikkunnathil ninnu avare thadayaan kazhiyilla.
1361 muthal englandu, grettu brittan, yuke ennividangalile karutha vadikalude pattika.
2011ll paarlamentari archives prasidheekarichathil ninnu eee pattika uruthirinjathaanu, pinneedulla gaveshanangalil ninnulla maattangalode.
house oof loards enna sthaapanathile aayudhadhaarikalude pattika.
saankethikamaayi, chansalar prabhuvinte (prabhukkanmaarude bhavanathile muun presiding officer) shushrooshayil earppettirunna sarjant prabhukkanmaarude bhavanathile oru udyogasthanaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 1713 vare aajeevanantha sevanathinaayi niyamikkapetta addeham athinusesham nalla perumaattatthil 1806 muthal vaarshika shambalavum dainamdina prathiphalavum nedi. 1971ll eee poost black vadikku keezhil layippichu.
1660 muthal house oof loards-nte aayudhadhaarikalude pattika chuvade
"1971 muthal aayudhadhaariyaaya serjantinte oafees karutha vadi upayogikkunna maanyanaan vahikkunnath."
yukeik purathu karutha vadikal.
yunaittad kingdatthilennapole, mattu paarlamentukalile karutha vadi nadapadikal thadassappeduthunna eathenkilum senattarineyo nuzhanjukayattakkaraneyo arast cheiyunnathinu utharavaadiyaanu.
austreliya.
australian senattinum anchu australian samsthaanangalileyum pradeshangalileyum uparisabhakalkkum avarudethaaya black vadi undu. (queensland athinte uparisabha nirthalaakkukayum vadakkan pradeshathinteyum australian thalasthaana pradeshathinteyum asamblikal ellaayppozhum ekasabhayaayirikkukayum cheythu.)
australian senattinte black roadinte ippozhathe udamayaanu joonn begli. australian senattil, black vadi asher senattinte bharanathilum surakshayilum sahayikkunnu, koodaathe senatt chamberilo sameepatho aswasthathayundaakkunna aareyum kastadiyiledukkaan adhikaaramund.
canada.
canada senattinte karutha vadikkulla asher house oof loards enna black rooad offeesinu thulyamaanu. 1997 vare eee sthaanam karutha vadikku maanyan asher ennum ariyappettirunnu, aadyathe vanita karutha vadi niyamichathode "maanyan" enna vaakk thalakkettil ninnu ozhivakkaan prerippichu.
suscatchevan, britiish columbia, alberta, nyoo brunswick, prins edward ailand ennee pravishya niyamanirmmaanasabhakalum athath paarlamentari samvidaanangalil karutha vadikalude sthaanam ulppeduthiyittundu.
paachaka dveepukal.
paachaka dveepukalil paarlamentinte aachaaraparamaaya udghaadanathil raajaprathinidhiyude sandeshavaahakanaan karutha vadi upayogikkunna maanyan allengil lady asher.
2023ll, avaruvayile siona taapu palliyude galleryil ninnu rakshappeduthiya maratthil kothiyeduttha oru karutha vadi paachaka dveepukal sweekarichu. ithu kothiyeduttha thadikku 160 varshathilere pazhakkamundennu karuthappedunnu.
nyoosilaand.
1951ll legislative kaunsil nirthalaakkappetta nyoosilandil, karutha vadi konduvarunnayal simhasana prasamgathinaayi emm. pii. esine chamberilekku vilikkunnathu thudarunnu. ithu oru muzhuvan samaya tasthikayalla.
1892 muthal 1937 august vare 45 varshakkalam black roadinte udamayaayirunna arther bothamli, 1937 septambaril kyapttan dougless bryan, 1957 juunil viramichu. joonn evaritt seal 1957 juunil bryanil ninnu chumathalayettu, 1964 november 1 nuu marikkunnathuvare aaa punk vahichu. aaa maasathil 34-aamath nyoosilaand paarlamentinte randaam taminte udghaadanathinu samayabandhithamayi mudrakuthunnathinaayi 1965 meyy maasathil alexander joonn maakke maansane niyamichu. 1971 juunil maansan viramichu. 1972 meyy maasathil maansante pingamiyaayi melville harvy scott ins-jonsine niyamichu. 1991ll ins-johns viramichu.
1993ll niyamithanaaya kenal vilyam "bill" nathan, obe, edii, karutha vadi upayogikkunna aadyathe mavori manyanaayirunnu. kenal nathan 2005ll viramikkukayum thudarnnu mejar david baguli. 2017ll 52-aamath nyoosilaand paarlamentinte udghaadanathinaayi black roadinte acting asharai david vilyamsine niyamichu. 2020ll 53-aamath paarlamentinte udghaadanathinaayi commander sandra "sandy" mckey niyamichu, eee sthaanam vahikkunna aadya vanitha. mejar baguliyude audyogika viramikkalinethudarnnu 2022 october 17 muthal praabalyatthil varunna rollylake mckey sthiramaayi niyamichu.
1931 januvariyil govarnor general loard bledislo paarlamentinu aachaaraparamaaya karutha vadi sammaanichu. minukia karutha ebony kondu nirmmicha, athinte mukalil jorjju anchaaman raajaavinte rajakeeya saifar vahikkunna oru paricha pidikkunna oru swarnna simham undu, athinte adithattil 1931 leeii swarnna paramadhikaara settu undu. 1931leeii yadhaartha karutha vadi durbalamaayathinaal, paarlamentinte audyogika udghaadana velayil badal karutha vadi ippol upayogikkunnu.
munpu.
ireland.
1800 leeii union act, grettu brittan, ireland ennee rajyangalumaayi ireland raajyathe samyojippichu grettu brittan, ireland ennee raajyangalude yunaittad kingdom roopeekarikkunnathinu munbu, airish house oof lordsil oru karutha vadi undaayirunnu. 1783 muthal airish black vadi sent patrick oordarinte udamayaayirunnu, athinaal unionushesham oafees thudarnnu. 1922 desemberil airish swatantra raashtram roopeekarichathinushesham aareyum eee offeesilekku niyamichirunnilla.
1972ll vadakkan ireland paarlament pirichuvidunnathuvare vadakkan ireland senattinu nilaninnirunna kaalathudaneelam oru karutha vadi undaayirunnu.
dakshinaafrikka.
dakshinaafrikkan senattinu 1910ll aarambichathu muthal 1980ll nirthalaakkappettathu vare karutha vadi nalkunna manyanaaya oru asher undaayirunnu. 1994ll senatt punasthaapichappol karutha vadi nalkunna asher enna punarnaamakaranam cheytha sthaanam athinoppam thirichetthi, puthiya deseeya kaunsil oof pravisyakalil thudarnnu.
bandhapetta asharukal.
1707leeii union niyamangal engleesh, scotish paarlamentukale onnippikkunnathin munbu, skotlandile paarlamentinte estettukalil samanamaaya punk vahichirunna oru vaitt vadi paarambaryamaayi undaayirunnu. nilavil eee oafees aarr. tii. reviyude kaivashamaan. edinburghile bishappaya joonn armus, ennaal eee rolinu chumathalakalonnumilla.
jentilmaan asharukal ellah britiish dheerathayude oordarukalkkum nilavilundu, avaa inipparayunna niratthilaannu