
kerkofinte thathwam

pathonpathaam noottaandil dutch vamshajanaaya cryptographer auguste kerkhoffs cryptography kerkhoffsinte thathwam (kerkhoffsinte desiderattam, anumaanam, svayamsidhaantham, sidhaantham allengil niyamam ennum ariyappedunnu) prasthaavichu. oru cryptosistom surakshithamaayirikkanamenna thathwam karuthunnu, systethekkurichulla ellaam, thacol ozhike, pothu arivaanengilum. eee ashayam cryptographermaar vyaapakamaayi sweekarikkunnu, avyakthathayiloodeyulla surakshaykk vipareethamaayi, athu anganeyalla.
kerkofinte thathwam american ganithashaasthranjanaaya claude shaannan "shathruvin samvidaanathekkurichu ariyaam", athaayath "shathruvin samvidaanathekkurichu ariyaam" ennaanu visheshippichathu.iii., shatru udan thanne avayumaayi poornna parichayam nedumenna anumaanathil oraal samvidaanangal roopakalppana cheyyanam". aaa roopathil ithine shaannante maximum ennu vilikkunnu.
american gaveshakan professorumaaya steevan emm. bellovin
mattoru vidhathil paranjaal-ningalude athiraalikalkku athu vishadamaayi ariyaamenn karuthi ningalude sisttam roopakalppana cheyyuka. (eathenkilum puthiya upakaranathinte seeriyal nambar 1 cremlinil athichu enna staanderd anumaanam undennu ensayude deseeya computer suraksha kendratthile oru muun udyogasthan ennodu paranju.)
uthbhavam.
paareesile ekkol dess houts ettuds komezhsyalsil (hessy) jarmman bhaashayude professoraayirunnu auguste kerkhoffs. 1883-nte thudakkathil, kerkofinte lekhanamaaya "laa cryptography milittiyar", jenal oof milittari sayansil rund bhagangalaayi prasidheekarikkappettu, athil addeham sainika cypherukalkkaayi aarr design niyamangal prasthaavichu. franchil ninnu vivarthanam cheythava ivayaanu
sankeernamaaya encryption nadathaanulla computerukalude kazhivu kanakkiledukkumbol avayil chilath ippol prasakthamalla. ippol kerkofsinte thathwam ennariyappedunna randaamathe niyamam ippozhum vimarsanaathmakamaayi pradhaanamaan.
thathwathinte vishadeekaranam.
pathonpathaam noottaandil sainika sandeshangalude ardham marachuvekkunnathinu saadhaaranamaayirunna steganographic encodinginekkaal mikacha badalaayi kercoffs cryptography kandu. encoding skeemukalile oru prashnam avaa manushyarude kaivashamulla "nighandukkal" polulla rahasyangale aasrayikkunnu ennathaanu, udaaharanathinu, vaakkukalude rahasya ardham velippeduthunnu. steganographic polulla nighandukkal orikkal velippettukazhinjaal, anubandha encoding samvidaanathil sthiramaayi vittuveezhcha cheiyunnu. rahasyangal sookshikkunna upayokthaakkalude ennam vardhikkunnathode exposure undakanulla saadhyatha vardhikkunnu ennathaanu mattoru prashnam.
pathonpathaam noottaandile cryptography, ithinu vipareethamaayi, alphanumeric pratheekangalude kaimattatthinu nalkunna lalithamaaya pattikakal upayogichu, saadhaaranayaayi varii-nira vibhajanagal nalki, avaa saadhaaranayaayi hraswavum samkhyaaparavum manushya oormmayil prathijnjaabadhavumaaya keekalal parishkkarikkam. pattikakalum thaakkolukalum svayam ardham nalkaathathinaal eee samvidaanathe "manassilakkaan kazhiyaathath" aayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. anuyojyamaaya oru koottam mesha, thacol, sandesham enniva prasakthamaaya samayaparidikkullil shathruvinte kaikalil vannal maathrame rahasya sandeshangalil vittuveezhcha cheyyaan kazhiyoo. thanthraparamaaya sandeshangalkk eathaanum manikorukal maathrame prasakthiyulloo ennu kercoffs karuthi. sisttangal vittuveezhcha cheyyappedendathilla, kaaranam avayude gadakangal (i.iii. alphanumeric akshara pattikakalum keekalum) eluppathil maattaan kazhiyum.
rahasya thaakkolukalude prayojanam.
surakshithamaaya cryptography upayogikkunnathu sandeshangal surakshithamaayi sookshikkunnathinulla budhimuttulla prashnathe thaarathamyena cheria keekal surakshithamaayi sookshikkunna kooduthal kaikaaryam cheyyaavunna onnu upayogichu maattisthaapikkumennu karuthappedunnu. oru cryptographic sisttathinte muzhuvan roopakalppanayum pole valuthum sankeernavumaaya enthengilum deerghakaala rahasyathmakatha aavasyamulla oru systethinu aaa lakshyam nedaan kazhiyilla. ithu oru kadinamaaya prashnathe matonninoppam maattisthaapikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, shathruvin thacol ozhikeyullathellaam ariyaamenkilum oru samvidaanam surakshithamaanenkil, thacol rahasyamaayi sookshikkuka maathramaan vendathu.
vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna oru samvidaanathinte aantharika vishadaamshangal kandethaan niravadhi maargangalund. sisttam vishadeekarikkaan aarenkilum kaikkooli nalkukayo black meyil cheiyukayo allengil staafineyo upabhokthaakkaleyo bheeshanippeduthukayo cheythekkaam ennathaanu ettavum vyakthamaayath. udaaharanathinu, yudhathil oru paksham chila upakaranangalum maruvashathu ninnulla aalukalum pidichedukkum. vivarangal shekharikkaan irupakshavum chaaranmare upayogikkum.
oru reethi software ulkkollunnuvenkil, reethi manasilaakkunnathin aarkkenkilum memory dumps nadatthaam allengil debuggerinte niyanthranatthil software pravarthippikkaam. hardware upayogikkukayaanenkil, aarkkenkilum chila hardwareukal vaangukayo moshtikkukayo athu pareekshikkaan aavashyamaaya prograamukalo gaadjettukalo nirmmikkukayo cheyyaam. microscopinu keezhil chipp vishadaamshangal parisodhikkaan kazhiyunna vidhathil hardware polichumaattaanum kazhiyum.
suraksha nilanirthuka.
kerkofinte thathwathilninnu chilar undaakkunna oru saamaanyavalkkaranam ithaanu "sisttathinte suraksha urappakkaan oraal sookshikkenda rahasyangal ethratholam kuravum lalithavum aayirikkunnuvo, sisttathinte suraksha nilanirthunnathu athra eluppamaanu."ellah suraksha samvidaanangalum kazhiyunnathra bhangiyaayi paraajayappedunna reethiyil roopakalppana cheyyanamenna vishwaasathodeyaanu broose snear ithine bandhippikkunnath
eathoru suraksha samvidaanavum chila karyangal rahasyamaayi sookshikkunnathine nirnaayakamaayi aasrayichirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, rahasyamaayi sookshikkunna karyangal ashradhamaayi velippeduthukayaanenkil maattaan ettavum kuranja chelaveriyathaayirikkanamenna kerkofinte thathwam choondikkaanikkunnu.
udaaharanathinu, upayokthaakkalkkidayil vyaapakamaayi vitharanam cheyyappedunna hardware software upayogichu oru cryptographic algoritam nadappilaakkaam. suraksha aaa rahasyam sookshikkunnathine aashrayichirikkunnuvel, velippeduthal oru puthiya algoritam vikasippikkunnathilum parishodhikkunnathilum vitharanam cheiyunnathilum valia logistic budhimuttukalilekku nayikkunnu-athu "pottuna" kaaryamaan. maruvashathu, algoritam rahasyamaayi sookshikkunnathu pradhaanamallengilum algorithathinoppam upayogikkunna "keekal" maathram rahasyamayirikkanam, appol keekal velippeduthunnathinu puthiya keekal srishtikkunnathinum vitharanam cheiyunnathinumulla lalithavum chelavu kuranjathumaaya prakriya aavasyamaanu.
aaplikkeshanukal.
kerkofinte thathwathinu anusrithamaayi, bhooribhaagam sivilian cryptography pothuvaayi ariyappedunna algorithangal upayogikkunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, classified gavanment allengil sainika vivarangal samrakshikkaan upayogikkunna saifarukal palappozhum rahasyamaayi sookshikkunnu (type 1 encryption kaanuka). ennirunnaalum, suraksha nilanirthunnathinu sarkkar/sainika saifarukal rahasyamaayi sookshikkanamennu karutharuth. avaa pothu algorithangal pole cryptographicaly mikachathaakkaan uddeshichullavayaayirikkam, avaa rahasyamaayi sookshikkaanulla theerumaanam oru layerd suraksha bhaavathinu anusrithamaanu.
avyakthathayiloode suraksha.
oru sisttathinte aantharika pravartthanangal rahasyamaayi sookshikkunnathinaayi kambanikalkkum chilappol dividikalil css encryption pole staanderd bodikalkkum ithu saadhaaranamaanu. avyakthathayude suraksha" uthppannathe surakshithavum aakramanathinu irayaakaanulla saadhyatha kuravumaakkunnuvennu chilar vaadikkunnu. akathalangal rahasyamaayi sookshikkunnathu hraswakaalathekku suraksha mechappeduthiyekkaannekkaana ethir vaadam, ennaal deerghakaalaadisthaanathil, prasidheekarikkukayum vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheytha samvidaanangal maathrame vishwasikkaavoo.
steevan bellovin randy bush abhiprayappettu