
maanuval pooloo vaii peyroloon

maanuval pooloo vaii peyroloon (1846-1918) oru spanish ezhuthukaaranum sidhaanthakanum academic vidagthanum raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu. romantisisathinum realisathinum idayil varunna anchu novalukalude rachayithaavaayi addeham ariyappedunnu; costembrismoyude bhaagamaayi tharamthirickunna avaa nilavil randaam nira saahithyamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. oru thathwachinthakan enna nilayil addeham navaa-thomisathil urachunilkkukayum krousisathe neridunnathil kooduthal shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheythu. vidyaabhyaasathil addeham catholica punarujjeevanavaadathe prathinidheekarikkukayum udaaramaaya pravaahathinethire shakthamayi nilakollukayum cheythu. raashtreeyathil addeham kaarlisatthil sajeevamaayirunnu; deputy kongrasile 1896-1898 kaalayalavilum senattile 1907-1915 kaalayalavilum addehathinte currier athinte unnathiyilethi.
kudumbavum yuvaakkalum.
poloyude poorvvikarekkurichu valarekkurache ariyoo. addehathinte pithrupoorvvikar valentia pravishyayile aras dii aalpuvantte enna pattanavumayi bandhappettavaraayirunnu; pathinezhaam noottaandil chila polos avide praadeshika nottarikalaayi sevanamanushtichu. addehathinte pithavaaya domingo pooloo vaii poloyum (maranam 1859) araasil ninnaan uthbhavichath. addeham belchaittil property rajistraaraayi jolie cheythu, makante abhipraayathil addeham dinapathrathinte sthaapakaril oraalaayirunnu. onnaam kaarlist yudhathil addeham niyamavaadikalude paksham cherukayum generalinte sekrattariyaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu. kaarlist paraajayathetthudarnnu addehathinu jolie upekshichu montus yooniversalasinte padinjaaran charivukalile sistema ibericoyude thekkan malanjerivaaya canette enna graamatthil sthirathaamasamaakkendivanu. kaasttilan pravisyayaaya kyoongayil sthithi cheiyunna eee pradesham aragon pradeshavumaayi athirthi pankidukayum orikkal alto mastrasgo ennariyappettirunnathinu bhagamaavukayum cheythu. pooloo vaii pooloo oru praadeshika abhibhashakanaayi practies cheythu. maanuvalinte ammayaya maria peyroloon lapurta, siera charivukalude maruvashathulla aragonilaanu janichathu; avar calomardil ninno gia dii albarasinil ninno uthbhavichu. dambathikalkku manuval florentinoyum enna rund aanmakkalenkilum undaayirunnu; 1853-ll prasavasamayathu maria marichu. 1850-kalude madhyathil domingo pooloo valare gurutharamaaya aarogya prasnangal vikasippikkukayum sukham praapikkukayaanenkil thante jeevitam daivathinu samarppikkumenn prathinjja cheyyukayum cheythu; theerchayaayum addeham pinneedu oru vyakthamaakkaatha mathakramathil praveshikkukayum oru sanyasiyaayi maarukayum cheythu. 
1850kalude madhyam muthal manuvalineyum ilaya sahodaran avarude maathrusahodari kansepsiyoon paripaalikkunnu. thante kuttikkalavum youvanavum bhooribhaagavum gia dii albaraasinil bandhukkalkkoppam chelavazhicha addeham svayam oru thurolens aayi kanakkaakkukayum siyara dii albarazin thante "(cheria janmadesham)" aayi kaanukayum cheythu. theevramaaya catholica anthareekshathilaanu addeham valarnnathu, pithaavil ninnu paarambarya rashtreeya veekshanam paarambaryamaayi labhichu; addehathinte aadya balyakaala prabhashanangal kaarlist bukklettukalum aanukaalikangalumaayirunnu. albarasinil aadyakaala vidyaabhyaasathethudarna addeham valencyayile instittyoottil pathivayi sandarshikkaarundaayirunnu; krithyamaaya theeyathikal vyakthamalla, ennirunnaalum addehathinte koleju divasangal 1860 kalude thudakkathilaayirikkaam. oru srothass anusarichu addeham madridile thathwachinthayilum saahithyathilum yooniversitti dii valencyayile sivil, canon niyamathilum praaveenyam nedi. mygual visent almassen nayikkunna maanuval pinneedu thathwashaasthrathil phd puraskaarangal nedi. mattoru ezhuthukaaran parayunnathanusarichu, addeham niyamavum saahityavum valencyayil padichu; koodiyaalochicha srothassukalil onnupolum addehathinte birudadana theeyathi nalkunnilla. " "aii. dii. 1" "ll valencyayile metaafisiksinte asisttant professoraayi hraswavum thaalkkaalikavumaaya oru sevanathethudarnnu addeham aragonilekku madangukayum 1870 ll manahshaasthram, yukthi, dhaarmikatha enniva padippikkaan thudangiya instityootto dii segunda ensenanza dii terruvalil vijayakaramaayi apekshikkukayum cheythu".
novelist.
poloyude aadya saahitya kruthi 1873-ll prathyakshappettu. ithu oru novalinupakaram cherukathakalude samaahaaramaayirunnuvennu mathramalla, addehathinte pilkkala kruthikale adayaalappeduthunna savisheshathakal athu velippeduthi parambaraagatha prameyangal, lalithamaaya oru katha, vyakthamaaya vidyaabhyaasa uddeshyam, siyara dii albaraasinte pravishya chuttupaadukalil sajjeekarichirikkunna vivaranam, vishadaamshangalil shradha kendreekarichum vamseeya padanathinupakaram praadeshika achaarangalil shradha kendreekarichum varachu. poloyude aadya novalaaya loss mayosil (1878) eee savisheshathakalellaam vikasippicheduthittundu, ithu vishwasthathayudeyum vishwasthathayudeyum prashamsayayi uddeshichulla oru grameena pranayakathayaanu, koodaathe itaaliyan, jarmman bhaashakalilekku vivarthanam cheyyappetta addehathinte ettavum mikacha kruthiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. thudarchayaayi vannava (1884), (1890) enniva udaaravum mathetharavumaaya jeevithashailikalkkethire lakshyamit kooduthal theevravaada swaram sweekarichu. (1905) oru yuva liberalinte pravrithikale abhimukheekarichu, oru yuva kaarlisttinte gunangal, oru cheria pattanatthinte pashchaathalatthil 1868-1876 enna prakshubdha kaalaghattatthiloode kadannupokunnu. poloyude pradhana saahitya kruthikalil avasaanatheth (1906), oru saahasika kathayude kooduthal izhakal velippeduthi; moonnaam kaarlist yudhathil sajjeekarichirikkunnu, ithu addehathinte sahodaran florentinoyude yudhakaala oormmakale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. poloyude cherukathakal addehathinte novalukalude cheria pathippukalayi thudarunnu.
addehathinte samakaalikaril pollo saadhaaranayaayi samanamaaya parambaraagatha veekshanam pankidunnavar prashamsichirunnu, udaaharanathinu emilia pardo basan, addehathinte suhruthukkalaaya marcelino menandez vaii pelaayo, jose maria dii pereda. oru yaadhaasthithika saahitya avalokanam, "addehathe fernan kaballeroyude mikacha anuyayiyaayi thiricharinju, addehathinte rachanakale oru" (kudumba noval) "ennu tharamthirikkukayum addehathinte gadyathe" (aadhunika kaalathe kaastiliyan novalinte punasthaapakan) "ennu prashamsikkukayum cheythu. yaadhaarthyathe roopabhedam varuthaatha" aadhikaarikathaykk peruketta addehathinte yaadhaarthyam, prakrithivaadatthinum-addeham bodhapoorvam ethirtha pravanathaykkum-"solayude visham" ennivaykkulla marumarunnaayaan vilamathikkappettath. anukoolamaaya sameepanamulla samakaalikar addehathe fernan caballero, dii pereda, juulioo alaarkkon vaii melendus, juvan valera, padrey coloma ennivarkku aduthaayi niyamichu; vimarshakar addehathe "(saahitya rakshasanaithi)" ennu vilichu.) 
poloyude kruthikalude parimithamaaya janapreeti avarude rachayithaavinekkaal adhikam nilaninnilla. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil polum spanish saahithyathile charitrakaaranmaar addehathe cheruthaayi maathrame paraamarshichittulloo; pinneedu addeham vismaranathilekku pooyi, ennirunnaalum idaykkide samahaarangalil amgeekarikkappettirunnu. chila nighandukkal addehathe paraamarshikkunnundenkum innu videsha pandithanmaarude spanish ezhuthiya vishadamaaya padanangalil polum addeham kanunnilla. avan saadhaaranayaayi romantisisathinum realisathinum idayilaanu, coastembrismo (allengil) pravanathayil veezhunnu, koodaathe oru nalla prathinidhi koodiyaanu. addehathinte parambaraagathavum alpavumaaya kruthikalkku daarmmikathaye badhikkunna lakshyangalude bhaarathe pinthunaykkaan kazhiyillennu shradhikkappedunnu, prathyekichu addehathinte kruthikalude aavarthana swabhaavam kanakkiledukkumbol. maruvashathu, addehathinte novalukal thikachum pidichedukkappetta kadhakaludeyum aachaarangaludeyum akshayamaaya uravidangalaayi prashamsikkappedunnu, kurachu vaayanakkar maathrame kurachu aakarshanam polum sammathikkunnulloo. yaadhaarthyabodhathinu purame, puthiya aakhyaana saankethikavidyakal avatharippichathinte bahumati addehathinundu. niyamaparamaaya veekshanakonil ninnu saahithyathile kaarlisathinu sambhavana nalkunna ettavum ariyappedunna ezhuthukaaril oraalaan addeham.
pandithanum thathwachinthakanum.
pooloo terruval collegil 9 varsham manahshaasthram, yukthi, dhaarmikatha enniva padippichu. pattika anukoola anubhaavangalkk addeham peedippikkappedukayum aragon vidaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. vijayakaramaya apekshayum thiranjeduppu prakriya pinthudarnnu, 1879-ll valencyayile instityootto dii segunda ensenanceyil addeham athe cheyar etteduthu, avide addeham irupathaam noottaandinte arambham vare padippichu. niravadhi spanish, videsha pandithochitha sthaapanangalil sajeevamaayirunna addeham akkaalat akkoottatthil amgamaayirunnu. 1908ll addeham yadhaartha academyil chernnappol addehathinte currier kireedamaniyappettu.
thante valentia bharanakaalathu pooloo thathwachinthayile vidyaarthikalkkaayi paatapusthakangal ezhuthi "elementos dii psychologia" (1879), "elementos dii lojikka" (1880), "elementos dii ettikka" (1880); "elementos dii ettikka ooo philosophia moral" (1882), "elementos dii philosophia moral" (1889), "lojikka elemental" (1902), "ettikka elemental" (1902), raajyathudaneelamulla mattu pandithochitha kendrangalilum ithu upayogathilundu. addeham yadhaartha daarshanika sambhavanakalonnum vikasippicheduthitla; charithratheyum pothuvaaya avalokanangaleyum kurichulla kruthikalkku purame, udara vidyaabhyaasa maanasikavastha roopappeduthunna chila pravanathakale, prathyekichu krousisavum darvinisavum, neridunnathil pooloo ariyappedunnu. addehathinte nilapaadine thathwashaasthrathil neo-thoomist allengil "neocatolismo" ennum adhyaapanashaasthrathil regenerasionism-poolitikkoo-educativo ennum tharamthirichittundu.
poloyude adthyaapanajeevithathinidayil krousisathe nirasikkunnath vikasikkukayum pothuvaayi adhyaapanathilum vidyaabhyaasathilum vardhichuvarunna thaalpparyathil ninnu uthbhavikkukayum cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasana dashakangalil, francisco ginner dell reos, instityootto libre dii ensenanza enniva kooduthalum prathinidheekarikkunna udara spanish raashtreeyathinte oru daarshanika shakthikendramaayi crowsism maari. athinte pradhana boudhika ethiraali menandez vaii pelaayo aayirunnu. addehathinte suhruthu pooloo pakaram oru vakthavaayi thudarukayum swantham krausiyan virudha sidhaantham nirmmikkathirikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum addehathinte theekshnatha addehathinu "(krausist anaachaarathinte valia shatru)" enna vivaranam nalki, prathyekichu spanish crowsism enna nilayil, thudakkathil sabhayumaayulla nerittulla ettumuttal ozhivaakkukayum pinneedu nirnnaayakamaayi velluvili niranja swaram sweekarikkukayum cheythu. pothuvidyaabhyaasatthinte adisthaanamenna nilayil catholica samagrathaye shakthamayi pinthunaykkunna addeham, liberal mukhyadhaarayil ninnulla gadakangale ulppeduthendathinte aavasyakatha thiricharinju; chila pandithanmaar pooloo poornnamaayum liberal vidyaabhyaasa sanbradaayathil samyojippikkappettathane abhipraayappedunnu.
poloyude kaazhchappaadinte mattoru savisheshatha parinaamavaadatthodulla addehathinte nilapaadaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum addehathinte nilapaadinekkurichulla abhipraayangal vyathyasthamaan. chilar ithine shaasthreeya purogathiyodulla maathrukaaparamaaya avyakthamaaya catholica prathikaranamaayi kaanunnu, ithu "(adhiniveshavaadam, moulikavaadam, paarambaryavaadam, pinthirippan prathyayashaasthram)" ennu thallikkalanju.) pooloo oru anuranjana sameepanam aavishkarikkaan sramichathinaal, addehathinte navaa-thomism shaasthram srishticha munnettangale pettennulla nirasichathallennu chilar abhipraayappedunnu. daarvinisathekkurichulla addehathinte nilapad "aakramanathmakavum asahishnutha niranjathumaaya akramanam" aayi chithreekarikkappedunnum, mattullavar athine aaa kaalaghattatthile shaasthreeya maanadandangalkku anusrithamaayi kanakkakkunnu, vyavasthaapithavum uyarthunna chodyangalum-paarambarya kaimaattam allengil vyathiyana reethikalumaayi bandhappettava-1920 vare utharam labhikkathe thudarnnu. pooloo eee prabhaashanatthil earppettathu parinaama sidhaanthathe velluvilikkunnathilla, marichu spanish catholica kaazchappaadinethire athine oru aattukottanaayi upayogicha mathetharathvathe neridaan maathramaanennu vishadamaaya oru patanam soochippikkunnu.
raashtreeyakkaaran.
1870ll siyara dii albaraasinil praadeshika yogangalil samsaarichukond pooloo thante rashtreeya jeevitam aarambhichu. moonnaam kaarlist yudhathil addeham kalaapakaarikale pinthunachu, police nireekshanatthil paarppikkukayum thante swathinte bhooribhaagavum nirodhikkukayum cheythu. niyanthranangal neridukayum jeevan bhayappedukayum cheytha addeham thaalkkaalikamaayi olivilayi; 1876 leeii kaarlist paraajayathetthudarnnu polum terruvalile jolisthalathu addeham deerghakaalathekku upadravikkappettu.
1880kalil addeham niyamavaadaparamaaya kaaryangalil kooduthalum sambhavana nalki, oru novelistenna nilayilum, thante pradhana kathaapaathrangalude gunangal kaarlist cheiyunnathaayum, oru professor enna nilayilum, juthanmaarum freemasonary pracharippikkunna udara aashayangale vimarshichu. 1891lum 1893lum courtasinode parajayappetta addeham oduvil 1896ll vijayichu. paarlamentil addeham vidyaabhyaasathil shradha kendreekarichu, udara mathetharathwa padhathikale ethirkkukayum skoolukalil praadeshika bhashakal prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. thudarchayaaya thiranjeduppukalile paraajayangaletthudarnnu 1907-ll senattaraayi paarlamentari jeevitam punaraarambhicha addeham 1910-lum 1914-lum veendum thiranjedukkappettu. uparisabhayil addeham catholica sabhayude sthaanam samrakshikkunnath thudarnnu, prathyekichu prathisandhi ghattathil; athiraalikal upayogicha nadapadikrama thanthrangalaal addeham oru apakadakaramaaya ethiraaliyaayi amgeekarikkappettu. party lainil vittuveezhcha cheythathinu mattullavare vimarshicha addeham thanne yaadhaasthithikarumaayi rahasya charchakalil earppettu.
1890kalil pooloo mukhya valencian kaarlistukalil ulppettu. seralboyude markvisinodum mattu niravadhi deseeya nethaakkalumaayum addeham souhrudabandham sthaapikkukayum kramena oru pradhana vyakthiyayi maarukayum cheythu. carlos VII-nuu vyakthiparamayi parichayappedutthiya addehathe 1901-ll pezhsanal sekrattariyude sthaanaarthiyaayi kanakkakki. acta dii lordanu sambhavana cheytha uyarnnuvarunna thozhilaallikalude chodyathil thaalparyam prakadippicha addeham audyogika kaarlist prograam prasidheekarikkukayum party punasamghadippikkaan avakaashavaadiye prerippikkukayum cheythu, sainika, sivil command shringalaye onnippichu. paarambaryavaadam aadhunikavalkkarikkendathin aavasyakathayekkurichu poornnamaayum bodhavaanmaraaya addeham kaaryakshamamaya party gadanakalude pankine abhinandichu, idathoornna shringhala kettippadukki.
1904ll pooloo valencian branchinte thalavanayi naamanirddesham cheyyappettu. vyakthiparamayi achanjalanaayirunna addehathe mattu leventain nethaakkalaaya maanuval simo maarin, jovakin lorenz fernandes ennivar ethirthu. sakthamaaya vyakthithvangal, poloyude dridamaaya neethrthwa shaili, niyamavaadikal thammilulla poruthakkedukal ennivayaal indhanakshamamaaya eee samgharsham, kaarlisathe saadhaaranayaayi mathabhraanthaayi kaanappedunnundengilum, vaasthavathil ithu ellaayppozhum "malminorismo" thiranjedukkunnavarum "eccars alle monde" thiranjedukkunnavarum thammilulla vibhajanathaal baadhikkappedunnu; pooloo randaamathethinu pakshatthekku thirinju. party "union kaattolikka", "liga" allengil mattu sahakarana gadanakalilekku samyojippikkunnathil ninnu thadanjathinte bahumati addehathinte achanjalathayaanu. kaarlist pandittukalkkidayile goodaalochanakalaal takarnna poloyude bandham deseeya thalatthil carlos VII, prathyekichu addehathinte bhaarya berth dii rohan ennivarumaayulla bandham ulppede vashalayi. puthiya kaarlist rajaavaaya jaim moonnaaman kaimaria thante raaji poornnamaayum nadapadikramaparamaaya aamgyamaayi addeham kanakkakki, athu amgeekarikkappettathil addeham njettippoyi, ennirunnaalum oru senattar enna nilayil 1912 ll deseeya executive, junda naashanal traditionalistayilekku niyamikkapettu.
adutha kudumbamillattha, pusthakangal, nishaashalabhangal, chithrashalabhangal ennivayaal chuttapetta, vyakthiparamayi asahishnuthayum theekshnathayum ulla thante valia oormmakal poortthiyaakkaan samarppicha pooloo, jeevithaavasaanathode oru thettaaya tropaayi valarukayum "deshyamulla vrudhan" enna nilayil jeevikkunna oormmayilekku kadannupokukayum cheythu. paarambaryavaadatthinte bhaviyekkurichu addeham kooduthal niraashaavaadiyaayitheernnu, athinte rashtreeya nethaakkaleyum avakaashavaadiyeyum kurichu addeham valareyadhikam samshayaluvaayi. oru ghattathil addeham svayam ekeekaranathodu aduthathaayi kanakkaakkiyenkilum maranam vare addeham kaarlist raajavamshathodu vishwasthatha pulartthi.
jolie cheiyunnu.
carlisavum raashtreeyavum
katholikkathayum daarmikathayum
niyamavum shaasthravum
novalukalum kathakalum