
oosboon reynolds

draavaka chalanaathmakathayekkurichulla dhaaranayile airish vamshajanaaya oru puthumukhamaayirunnu oosboon reynolds (23 august 1842-21 februvari 1912). prathyekamaayi, kharapadaarthangalum draavakangalum thammilulla taapa kaimattathekkurichulla addehathinte padanangal boiler, kandansar roopakalppana ennivayil mechappeduthalukal konduvannu. thante currier muzhuvan addeham chelavazhichathu ippol maanchastar sarvakalaashaalayilaan.
jeevitam.
belfaasttil janicha oosboon reynolds taamasiyaathe maathapithaakkalodoppam essexile dedam enna sthalathekku thamasam maari. addehathinte pithaav, reverend oosboon reynolds, kweens kolejile oru fellow aayirunnu, oru school headmasterum purohithanumaayi jolie cheythirunna kembridge, ennaal mechanicsil atheeva thaalpparyamulla valare kazhivulla ganithashaasthranjan koodiyaayirunnu. kaarshika upakaranangal mechappeduthunnathinaayi pithaav niravadhi pettantukal eduthirunnu, oru kuttyenna nilayil thante mukhya adhyapakanaayirunnathinte bahumati makanaan addehathinu nalkunnathu. reynolds mechanics padanathodulla aadyakaala abhiruchiyum ishtavum kaanichu. kaumaarapraayatthinte avasaanathil, sarvakalashaalayil praveshikkunnathinu oru varsham munbu, stooni straattfordile ariyappedunna kappal nirmmathaavaaya edward heysinte varkshoppil aprenteesaayi jolie cheyyaan poya addeham avide theeradesha steemarukalude nirmmaanatthilum fittingilum praayogika parichayam nedi (angane draavaka chalanathmakatha manassilaakkunnathinte praayogika moolyathekkurichu aadyakaala prashamsa nedi).
oosboon reynolds kembridjile kweens collegil chernnu, 1867-ll ganithashaasthrathile ezhaamathe rangleraayi birudam nedi. 1868-ll professor sthaanathekkulla apekshayil addeham kembridjil ganithashaasthram padikkaan thiranjedutthathinaal, "ente aadyakaala oormmayil ninnu enikku mechanixinode oru shaasthramenna nilayil mechanics adisthaanamaakkiyulla bhauthika niyamangalodum aprathirodhyamaya ishtamundaayirunnu... ganithashaasthra parijnjaanam anivaaryamaanennu kandethiya vividha mechanical prathibhaasangalilekku ente shradha akarshikkappettu." 
kembridjil ninnu birudam nediya thottupinnaleyulla varshathil addeham veendum landanile losan aandu manserg enna sivil enchiniyaring sthaapanathil lunden (croydon) malinajala gathagatha samvidaanathil pravartthikkunna oru sivil enchineeyaraayi oru tasthika etteduthu.
1868ll maanchasttarile ovens collegil (ippol maanchastar sarvakalashaala) puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya sivil aandu mechanical enchiniyaring chairmaanaayi addeham niyamithanaayi, aaa varsham yuke sarvakalashaala charithratthile aadyathe professormaaril oralaayi "professor oof enchiniyaring" enna padavi nedi. maanchastar pradeshathe oru koottam nirmmaana vyavasaayikalaan eee professorship puthuthayi srishtikkukayum dhanasahayam nalkukayum cheythath, koodaathe 25 vayassulla renoldukale eee sthaanam niravettunnathil avarkk pradhana pankundaayirunnu.
1880ll puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya victoria sarvakalaashaalayude oru ghadaka kolejaayi marria reynolds thante kariyarinte backie kaalam ovens kolejilaanu thudarnnathu. 
1877ll royal sosaittiyude fello aayi thiranjedukkappetta reynolds 1888ll royal medel nedi. 1905ll viramikkukayum 1912 februvari 21nuu somersettile vaachettil vachu influvensa baadhichu marikkukayum cheythu. vaachettile sent decuman palliyil addehathe samskarichu.
draavaka mechanics.
paippukalile draavakathinte ozhukk laminar ozhukkil ninnu prakshubdhamaaya ozhukkilekku maarunna avasthakalekkurichu reynoldukal ettavum prashasthamaayi padichu.
1883-ll oru classic pareekshanatthil reynolds prakshubdhamaaya ozhukkilekkulla parivartthanam pradharshippichu, athil oru valia paippile ozhukkinte madhyabhaagathekku avatharippicha chayam pooshiya vellathinte oru cheria jettu upayogichu vyathyastha ozhukk nirakkukalkk keezhilulla jalathinte ozhukk addeham parishodhichu.
valia pipe glaasaayirunnu, athinaal chayam pooshiya ozhukkinte paaliyude swabhaavam nireekshikkaan kazhiyum, eee paippinte avasaanam tubinullile jalavegam maattaan oru phloo kantrol valve undaayirunnu. vegatha kuravaayirunnappol, valia tyoobinte muzhuvan neelatthilum chayam pooshiya paali vyathyasthamayi thudarnnu. vegatha vardhippichappol, oru nischitha ghattathil paali thakarukayum draavakathinte cross sekshaniludaneelam vyaapikkukayum cheythu. ithu sambhavicha pooyint laminaril ninnu prakshubdhamaaya ozhukkilekkulla parivartthana pooyintaayirunnu.
eee pareekshanangalil ninnu chalanathmakamaaya samaanathaykkulla alavillaatha reynolds nambar vannu-jadatwa shakthikaludeyum viscos shakthikaludeyum anupatham. ippol prakshubdhamaaya ozhukkukalude reynolds-sharashari ennu ariyappedunnathum reynolds nirddeshichu, avide vegatha polulla alavukal sharashari, ettakkurachilukal enniva ulkkollunna gadakangalude aakethukayaayi prakadippikkunnu. atharam sharashari prakshubdhamaaya ozhukkinekkurichulla 'bulk' vivaranam anuvadikkunnu, udaaharanathinu reynolds-sharashari navier-stokku samavaakyangal upayogikkunnu.
draavaka mekkaniksilekkulla reynoldukalude sambhavanakal kappal designermark ("naavika aarkkitektukal") nashtamaayilla. oru kappalinte oru cheria thothilulla maathruka nirmmikkanum oru poornna valuppamulla kappalumayi bandhappett upayogapradamaaya pravachana daatta verthirichedukkaanumallu kazhivu, vilyam frudinte guruthwaakarshana taranga oorjjatheyum prachaaranatheyum kurichulla sidhaanthangalude sariyaaya prayogathodoppam, gharshana valichedukkal kanakkukoottalukalil reynoldukalude prakshubdhatha thathwangal prayogikkunna pareekshanaathmakavaadiye nerittu aasrayichirikkunnu. naavika aarkkidekttukalude sthaapanathinte edapaadukal" enna pusthakatthil kappal roopakalppanayekkurichu niravadhi prabandhangal rainolds thanne prasidheekarichirunnu.
prasidheekaranangal.
1870 kalude thudakkathil fluid dynamicsile addehathinte prasidheekaranangal aarambhichu. 1890kalude madhyathil prasidheekaricha addehathinte avasana saidhaanthika maathruka innum upayogikkunna saadhaarana ganitha chattakkoodaanu. addehathinte kooduthal supradhaanamaaya reportukalil ninnulla sheershakangalude udaaharanangal
vere jolie.
reynolds ezhupatholam shaasthra, enchiniyaring gaveshana reportukal prasidheekarichu. addehathinte kariyarinte avasaanathode iva oru samaahaaramaayi veendum prasidheekarichappol avaa moonnu vaalyangal nirachu. oru kaattaloginum avayude hraswa samgrahangalkkum baahya linkukal kaanuka. draavaka chalanaathmakathaykk purame thermodynamics, vaathakangalude gathiko sidhaantham, neeravi ghaneebhavippikkal, scru-propeller-tharam kappal propulsion, turbine-tharam kappal propulsion, hydrolic breakkukal, hydrodynamic lubrication, joolinte mechanical thaapathinu thulyamaaya alavu mechappeduthunnathinulla laborattari upakaranangal enniva ulppedunnu. lubricationekkurichulla addehathinte pravarthanatthinu, dunken dausan addehathe 23 "menn oof tribology" yill oralaayi namakaranam cheythu.
1880kalil reynoldukal padicha vishayangalilonnu dailettant metteeriyalukal ulppedeyulla granular metteeriyalukalude gunangalaayirunnu. 1903-ll addehathinte 250 pejulla pusthakam "dhii sub-mechanics oof dhii yoonivezhs" prasidheekarichu, athil granular metteeriyalukalude mechanicsine "prapanchatthile ellah bhauthika thelivukalum kanakkakkaan kazhivullava" aayi saamaanyavalkkarikkaan addeham shramichu. draavakaavasthayilaanennu addeham kanakkakkiya eetharinte oru sidhaantham nirmmikkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte lakshyamenn thonnunnu. ashayangal manasilakkano vilayiruthaano valare budhimuttaayirunnu, athe samayam thanne bhauthikashaasthrathile mattu sambhavavikasangal avaye marikadannu.