
karkkashamaaya dwaaram

britiish kolambiyayude ulbhaagathum amerikkayile columbia peedabhoomiyilum aadyaraajyangalile janangal nirmmicha erthu lodjinte avashishtangalaan pitt-house allengil kwigley allengil kekuli ennum ariyappedunna kwigley dwaaram. thaazhe" allengil "thaazhe" ennathinulla chinook jaargan padamaaya "kwigley" enna vaakk varunnu.
roopavum sthalavum.
oru chathuraakrithiyilulla dwaaram bhoomiyil oru vrithaakrithiyilulla nyoonathayaayi prathyakshappedunnu, muun logue-roof cheytha pithhousinte avashishtangal (praadeshikamaayi barabara allengil ulaks ennu vilikkunnu). kwigley tounukal" ennariyappedunna valia grouppukalilaanu kwiglikal saadhaaranayaayi varunnath, chilath noorukanakkinu dwaarangalulla aayirakkanakkin janasamkhyaye soochippikkunnu. eee dwaarangalil chilath otta kudumbatthino valia grouppukalkko mathramulla thaamasasthalamaayirunnu, chilath sambharanam maathramaayirikkaam. sourorjjam, jalavitharanam, malsyam, kalii, bhakshanasadhanangal enniva labhyamaakal enniva anukoolamaaya sthalathaanu saadhaaranagathiyil kwigley pattanangal sthithicheyyunnathu.
thekkan britiish kolambiyayile chila pradeshangalile bhooprakrithiyude saadhaarana savisheshathakalaan kwigley tounukalum cheria grouppukalaaya kwigley dwaarangalum, prathyekichu thompson nadeethadatthinu kuruke lilloottinaduthulla fraser malayidukkil ninnum okaanagan thaazhvaraykku thaazheyum.
niravadhi chathuraakrithiyilulla dwaarangalulla fort chilkottin enna sthalathinte pazhaya sthalamaanu hudsons bay flaattukal. prichaardinum kaamlooppukalkkum edayilulla thompson nadiyilum druthagathiyilulla dwaarangalundu. ambadayaalangalum scrapperukalum ulppedeyulla chathuraakrithiyilulla dwaarangalil ninnu thaddesheeya karakaushala vasthukkal kandeduthittundu. chila parakkuttikal vishwasikkunnathu karakaushala vasthukkalkkaayi thirayunna chathuraakrithiyilulla dwaarangal kuzhikkunnath charitraparamaaya cheria rekhakal avasheshikkunnath nasippikkunnu ennaanu.
puraavastu saitt.
aadhunikakaalathe phastt nations communitykalkkidayil jaladharayilum pavaliyanilum 115 ladhikam drutha dwaarangalulla keetli creak puraavastu sthalamaanu fraser malayidukkile ettavum prashasthamaaya "kwigley tounukalilonnu". ithu aupachaarika puraavastu anweshanathinte vishayamaan. bisi 4,800 num bisi 2,400 num idayilaanu ithinte uthbhavam, bisi 1,100 vare thudarchayaaya vaasasthalangal undennu khananagal kaanikkunnu. keetli kreekkile sthaanam theerathinu sameepamaayirunnu (innu athu nadiyude malayidukkinu mukalilulla oru benjlaandilaanu), fraser nadiye thadanja oru slide thakarnn niravadhi mile mukalilekku athunna oru thadaakam roopappettathaanu upekshikkunnathinulla kaaranamenn vishwasikkappedunnu.
vivaranam.
itharathilulla ghadana sambharanathinum paarppidatthinum paachakatthinum upayogichirunnu, oru root sellar enna aashayathinte vipuleekaranamaayi athinte uthbhavam undayirikkaam. avayude ettavum vipulamaaya roopathil, oru aazhathilulla kuzhiye oru maram chattakkood kondu nirmmicha oru thaazhikakkudam moodukayum pinneedu bhoomi kondu moodukayum cheiyunnu. saadhaaranayaayi oru side hole vazhiyo allengil mukalilulla fayar hole vazhiyo oru govani vazhiyo aanu praveshanam nadathunnathu. innu "kwigley" enna vaakkinte ardham saadhaaranayaayi puraavastu avashishtangal maathramaan, oru kathayiloo charithratthilo oralekkurichu samsaarikkukayaanenkil sajeevamaaya bhoogarbha veedalla.
innu onnaam rashtra samoohangalil saadhaaranamaaya vearp lodjukalil samanamaaya gadanakal upayogikkunnu, ennirunnaalum avaa marappattakalkk pakaram vadi kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, manninu pakaram shaakhakalum puthappukalum oru moodupadiyaayi. vearp lodjukaleppole, chila karkkashamaaya dwaarangal orikkal aachaarangalkkum samoohathinum upayogichirunnu ennathil samshayamilla.
upayogathinte paridhi.
thekkan britiish columbia theerathu parimithamaaya alavil kaanappedunnundengilum, logue-frame long houseukalum leane-tuu gadanakalum kooduthalaayi kaanapedunna pugettu shabdavum, avaa aantharika samskaarangaliludaneelamulla thaddesheeya sanbarkkathinu munbulla puraavasthushaasthrathinte pradhana savisheshathayaanu, avaa kaalaanusrithamo sthiramo aaya vaasasthalangalaakaam. 19-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathil maathramaan inteeriyaril aadhunika shailiyilulla bhavanangal upayogichu kwiglikal maattisthaapikkaan thudangiyathu, irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathil sajeevamaaya bhoogarbha veedukalude vyakthigatha holdouttukal undaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandil maram-cabin graamangalile "aadhunika" bhavanangalil ulpradeshathe peedabhoomiyile thaddesheeya janataye punaradhivasippikkanulla sramangal thaarathamyena paranjaal, avarude missionary pravartthanatthinte bhaagamaayi merii immakkulettinte missionary ooblettukal aarambhichu.
oru punarnirmmaanam.
britiish kolambiyayile lillooyittile tii 'tiktt (engleeshil tii-bared ranchari) reserve communitic sameepamulla lillooyit tribal kaunsilinte offeesukalkku sameepam oru bhoogarbha veedinte punarnirmmaanam pothujanagalkk kaanaan kazhiyum. sent attu imsetts bhashayil eiii () ennu vilikkappedunna ithinte roopakalppana, naravamshashaasthranjanaaya jaims teat varacha kurippukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, avar spenses bridjile nalakapamaks janathayumayi thaamasamaakkukayum vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. aaa aalukaleyum backie kurippukaleyum kurichulla thante arivu adisthaanamaakkiyullathum, spenses bridge aalukale vivaham kazhicha oru stettimse sthreeyumaayulla abhimukhangalil ninnullathum orikkalum lillooyittayittilla. lilloottinte punarnirmikkappetta teyittinte droingukal, thompson, bonapart thaazhvarakalile bhoogarbha veedukalekkurichulla addehathinte arivu kaaranam; addehathinte kaalath aalukal ippozhum avayil thaamasichirunnu. punarnirmmaanam addehathinte roopakalppanakalumaayi munnott pooyi, nirmmichava staatmikku upayogichathinodu krithyamaayi saamyamullavayallaayirikkam enna munnariyippode, avaa engane nirmmichuvennu ariyunnavar orennam punasthaapikkunnathil thaalpparyamundaavunnathi varshangalkk munbu marichu.
aadyaraajyangalude bhoomi avakaashavaadangalude vishalamaaya pashchaathalatthil pradhana landmaarkkukalaanu kwigley pattanangal, avaa thaddesheeya adhiniveshathinte pratheekangalekkaal kooduthalaannu avaa udamasthaavakaashathinteyum paramadhikaaram ulppedeyulla adhinivesha avakaashangaludeyum thelivaanu. kwiglikaludeyum mattu puraavastu avashishtangaludeyum shekharangal bhoomi avakaashavaada prakriyayude pradhana bhagangalaanu, avaa samrakshikkunnathinum padikkunnathinum puraavastu samrakshana niyamangal prayogikkaam. pothu, swakaarya bhoomikalil "britiish columbia paithruka samrakshana niyamathinu" keezhil kwiglikal samrakshikkappedunnu.
niravadhi vichitramaaya pattanangal thaarathamyena puthumayullavayaanenkilum, eathaanum noorukanakkinu varshangal vare, keetli kreekkilethupole, akathalathiludaneelam, avayil palathum valare puraathanamaan. peedabhoomi samskaarangalkk purame, origon theerathu, logue-frame/hauspost housing eriyayil maathram, vichitramaaya tharatthilulla gadanakalude otappetta roopamundu. ippol eee pradeshathu thamasikkunna athapaaskan janathayude poorvvikar aanennu puraavastu gaveshakar vishwasikkunnu, avar aadyamaayi eee pradeshathekku kudiyeriyappol avarude parichithamaaya bhavanashaili upayogichirunnu.