
autoretteshan

oru helicopterinteyo mattu rottari wing vimaanangaludeyo pradhana rotter samvidaanam rottarine nayikkunna enchin pavarinekkaal oru autogiro pole rottariloode mukalilekku neengunna vaayuvinte pravartthanatthiloode thirikkunna oru parakkal avasthayaanu autoretteshan. autorotteshan" enna padam 1915 num 1920 num idayil helikopttar vikasanathinte aadyakaala kaalaghattatthilaanu, ithu enchin illaathe rottarukal thiriyunnathine soochippikkunnu. oru sthira-chirakulla vimaanathinte gliding flaittinu samaanamaanith. chila marangal avayude vithukal kooduthal pracharippikkunnathinulla oru maargamaayi autoretteshan vikasippicheduthittundu.
enchin takararo teyil-rotter takararo undaayal vimanam surakshithamaayi irakkuka ennathaanu helikopttarukalil autoretteshante ettavum saadhaaranamaaya upayogam. helikopttar pailattumaarkk avarude parisheelanatthinte bhaagamaayi padippikkunna oru saadhaarana adiyanthara prakriyayaanith.
saadhaarana power helikopttar flaittil, mukalil ninnu pradhana rotter systethilekku vaayu valichedukkukayum thaazhekku theerukayum cheiyunnu, ennaal autorotteshan samayat, helikopttar erangumbol vaayu thaazhe ninnu rotter systethilekku mukalilekku neengunnu. enchin pravartthikkunnillengum pradhana rottarine tirikkaan anuvadikkunna oru freevealing yoonit, athupole thanne rottarinte vegatha nilanirthunna aapekshika kaattinte aerodynamic sakthikal enniva kaaranam autoretteshan yaanthrikamaayi anuvadikkunnu. enchin poornnamaayum thakararilaayaal oru helicopterinu surakshithamaayi erangaan kazhiyunna maarggamaanith. thathfalamaayi, ellah single enchin helikopttarukalum oru type certificat nedunnathinulla eee kazhivu prakadippikkanam.
1972ll oru erospeshiyal zaa315bii lamayil 12,440 meter (40,814 adii) uyarathil ethiya jeane boulettu aanu charithratthile ettavum dairkhyameriya auterotteshan nadathiyathu. aaa uyarathil −63°sii (−81.4°eph) thaapanila kaaranam, addeham vaidyuthi kurachayudane enchin kathikkukayum veendum aarambikkaan kazhiyaathe varikayum cheythu. autoretteshan upayogichu addehathinu vimanam surakshithamaayi irakkaan kazhinju.
erangalum landing.
helikopttarine sambandhichidatholam, "autorotteshan" ennathu pradhana rotter sisttathil ninnu enchin verpeduthukayum rotter bladeukal rottariloode vaayuvinte mukalilekkulla ozhukk maathram nayikkukayum cheiyunna avarohana thanthrathe soochippikkunnu. enchin bhramana vegatha rotter bhramana vegathayekkaal kuravaayirikkumbozhellaam verpeduthunna oru prathyeka clutch samvidaanamaanu "freevealing yoonit". enchin parajayappettaal, freevealing yoonit pradhana rottaril ninnu enchin svayameva vichedikkukayum pradhana rottarine swathanthramaayi karangaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu.
autoretteshante ettavum saadhaarana kaaranam enchin takararo paraajayamo aanu, ennaal oru poornna teyil rotter paraajayappedumbozho teyil-rotter falaprapti nashtappedumbozho autoretteshan nadatthaam, kaaranam oru autoretteshanil phalatthil tork ulppaadippikkunnilla. uyaram anuvadikkukayaanenkil, power upayogichu settil cheyyal ennum ariyappedunna oru vortax ring avasthayil ninnu veendedukkaan autoretteshanukal upayogikkaam. ellah saahacharyangalilum, vijayakaramaya landing autorotteshan aarambhikkumbol helikopttarinte uyaratheyum vegathayeyum aasrayichirikkunnu (uyaram-vegatha rekhaachithram kaanuka).
enchin thakararilakunna nimisham, pradhana rotter bladeukal avayude aakramana konilum vegathayilum ninnu lifttum thrasttum uthppaadippikkunnu. enchin thakararilaayaal udan thanne koottaaya pitch kuraykkunnathiloode, pailat liftt kuraykkukayum valichidukayum helikopttar udanadi erangukayum rotter samvidaanathiloode vaayuvinte mukalilekkulla ozhukk srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu. rottariloode vaayuvinte eee mukalilekkulla ozhukk erangunna kaalathudaneelam rotter bhramana vegatha nilanirthaan mathiyaya oorjjam nalkunnu. autorotteshan samayat pradhana rotter traansmishanaanu teyil rotter nayikkunnathinaal, saadhaarana parakkal pole thalakkett niyanthranam nilanirthunnu.
autorotteshanile irakkathinte nirakkine niravadhi gadakangal badhikkunnu saandrata uyaram, motham bharam, rotter bhramana vegatha, munnottulla vaayusanjaaram. vimaanathinte thaazhekkulla nirakkinte praadhamika niyanthranam vaayuvinte vegathayaanu. saadhaarana parakkalil ullathupole chaakrika pitch niyanthranatthiloode uyarnnatho thaazhnnatho aaya vaayusanjaaram labikkum. shoonyamaaya vaayusanjaarathil thaazhekkulla nirakk uyarnnathaan, prathyeka helicopterineyum munbu soochippicha gadakangaleyum aashrayich kuranjathu 50 muthal 90 nottu vare kurayunnu. kuranja irakka nirakk nalkunna vegathaykkappuram vaayuvinte vegatha vardhikkumbol, irakkathinte nirakk veendum vardhikkunnu. poojyamaaya airspeedil polum, rotter valare falapradamaanu, kaaranam bladeukal undaayirunnittum ithinu paarachoottinte dragg coffificient undu.
oru autorotteshanil ninnu erangumbol, karangunna bladeukalil sambharichirikkunna gathikorjavum vimaanathinte munnottulla chalanavum erangunna nirakk kuraykkaanum sophtt landing nadatthaanum upayogikkunnu. kooduthal pathukke erangunna oru helikopttar nirthaan aavashyamaayathinekkaal uyarnna nirakkil erangunna oru helikopttarine nirthaan kooduthal rotter oorjjam aavasyamaanu. athinaal, ettavum kuranja airspeedil nadathunnathinekkaal valare kuranjatho valare uyarnnatho aaya airspeedukalile autorotative disentukal kooduthal nirnaayakamaan. oru opttimal landing maanuvar, karakaushalathinullile ellah lamba chalanangalum thirashcheena chalanavum bhramana chalanavum oru thikanja nishchalaavasthayilekku thadayunnu. praayogikamaayi oru thikanja landing apoorvvamaayi maathrame saadhyamaakoo. 
oro tharatthilulla helikopttarinum oru prathyeka airspeed undu, athil power-oof glide ettavum kaaryakshamamaan. ettavum valia glide rench ettavum mandagathiyilulla irakka nirakkum samyojippikkunnathaan ettavum mikacha airspeed. oro tharatthilulla helikopttarinum nirddishta vaayusanjaaram vyathyasthamaan, ennittum chila gadakangal (saandrata uyaram, kaatt) ellah konfigareshanukaleyum ore reethiyil badhikkunnu. sharashari kaalaavasthayudeyum kaattinteyum avasthayudeyum saadhaarana loadinginteyum adisthaanathil oro tharatthilulla helikopttarinum ottoreshanukalkkulla prathyeka airspeed sthaapikkunnu.
uyarnna saandrathayulla uyarathilo sakthamaaya kaattinte saahacharyathilo kanatha bharangal vahikkunna oru helicopterinu thaazhekkulla vaayuvinte vegathayil ninnu mikacha prakadanam nedaan kazhiyum. kuranja saandrathayulla uyarathilum laitt loadingle, saadhaarana vaayusanjaarathil neriya kuravundaakunnathiloode mikacha prakadanam kaivarikkanaakum. nilavilulla saahacharyangalumayi airspeed poruthappeduthunnathinu eee pothuvaaya nadapadikramam pinthudarnnu, pailattin eathu saahacharyathilum ekadesham ore glide angle nedaanum touchdown pooyint kanakkakkaanum kazhiyum. eee opttimal glide angle saadhaaranayaayi 17-20 digriyaanu.
svayambharana pradeshangal.
lamba autoration samayat, rotter disk moonnu mekhalakalaayi thirichirikkunnu-drive cheytha mekhala, driving mekhala, staal mekhala. blade pitch, erangunna nirakk, rotter bhramana vegatha enniva anusarichu eee pradeshangalude valuppangal vyathyaasappedunnu. autorotative bhramana vegatha, blade pitch allengil erangunna nirakk enniva maattumbol, pradeshangalude valuppangal parasparam bandhappett maarunnu.
propeller mekhala ennum vilikkappedunna drive cheytha mekhala, bledukalude avasaanathilulla pradesamaanu. saadhaaranayaayi, ithu vyaasathinte 30 shathamaanatholam varum. ettavum kooduthal valichidal undaakkunnath vaahanamodikkunna pradesamaanu. bladinte bhramanathile mandagathiyaanu mothatthilulla phalam.
driving reejian allengil autorotative reejian saadhaaranayaayi blade radiasinte 25 muthal 70 sathamaanam vareyaanu, ithu autorotteshan samayat bladeukal tirikkaan aavashyamaaya sakthikal srishtikkunnu. chaalaka mekhalayile motham aerodynamic shakti bhramana achuthandinu alpam munnott charinjirikkunnu, ithu oru thudarchayaaya thwarana shakti srishtikkunnu. eee chaayvu bladinte bhramanathe thwarithappeduthunna oorjjam nalkunnu. driving mekhalayude valuppam blade pitch krameekaranam, erangunna nirakk, rotter bhramana vegatha enniva anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu.
rotter bladinte aantharika 25 shathamaanathe staal mekhala ennu vilikkunnu, ithu athinte paramavadhi aakramana koninu (staal angle) mukalilaanu pravartthikkunnathu, ithu bladinte bhramanathe mandagathiyilaakkunnu. koottaaya pitch krameekarikkunnathiloode oru sthiramaaya rotter bhramana vegatha kaivarikkunnu, athinaal driving mekhalayil ninnulla blade aaksilareshan fozhsukal drive cheytha, staal pradeshangalil ninnulla mandagathiyilulla fozhsukalumaayi santhulithamaanu.
driving mekhalayude valippam niyanthrikkunnathiloode, pailattin autorotative bhramana vegatha krameekarikkaan kazhiyum. udaaharanathinu, koottaaya pitch uyarthukayaanengil, ellah pradeshangalilum pitch angle vardhikkunnu. ithu bladinte spaaniloode santhulithaavasthayude pooyint akathekku neengaan kaaranamaakukayum athuvazhi pravartthikkunna pradeshatthinte valippam vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. stool mekhalayum valuthaakumbol driving mekhala cheruthaakunnu. driving mekhalayude valippam kurayunnathu driving mekhalayude aaksilareshan fozhsum bhramana vegathayum kuraykkaan kaaranamaakunnu.
breaked wing award.
adiyanthara saahacharyangalil oru autoretteshan vijayakaramaayi nadappilaakkunnathinulla yunaittad stetts armi awardaanu break wing award. armi regulation <aii. dii. 1> ll paranjirikkunnathupole, avaardinulla aavasyakathakal, "oru aircru amgam, mikacha airmaanshippiloode, adiyanthira saahacharyangalil vimaanathin kedupaadukal varuthukayo parikkelkkukayo cheiyunnathu kuraykkukayo thadayukayo venam. vimaanathile adiyanthira saahacharyathil ninnu oru vimanam veendedukkumbol aircru amgam asaadhaaranamaaya vaidagdhyam prakadippichirikkanam."

