
screening (saambathikashaasthram)

saambathikashaasthrathile parisodhana ennathu prathikoola thiranjeduppine cherukkunnathinulla oru thanthrathe soochippikkunnu-asamamaya vivarangalude kesukalil theerumaanamedukkaanulla sankeernathakalilonnu-kuranja vivarangalulla ejantu (kall).
screening aavasyangalkkaayi, asamamaya vivara kesukal rund saambathika ejantumaare ulkkollunnu, ejantumaar eathenkilum tharatthilulla edapaadil earppedaan shramikkunnu. rund ejantumaar thammil palappozhum deerghakaala bandham nilanilkkunnundenkil aaa yogyatha aavasyamilla. adisthaanaparamaayi, screening ulppedunna thanthrathil "screener" (kuranja vivarangalulla ejantu) ulppedunnu, ithu edapaadu nadakkunnathinu munbu screenerinu thudakkathil ariyaatha mattu saambathika ejantinte swakaarya vivarangalekkurichu kooduthal ulkkaazhchayo arivo nedaan shramikkunnu. atharam vivarangal shekharikkunnathil, rund ejantumaar thammilulla vivara asamathvam kurayunnu, athaayath edapaadil pankedukkumbol screening ejantinu kooduthal arivulla theerumaanangal edukkaan kazhiyum. screening upayogikkunna vyavasaayangalkk thettaaya vivarangalil ninnu upayogapradamaaya vivarangal filter cheyyaan kazhiyum, ithu vivaramulla kakshiyude vyakthamaaya chithram nedunnu. prathikoolamaaya thiranjeduppu, dhaarmika apakadangal thudangiya prasnangal pariharikkumbol ithu pradhaanamaan. koodaathe, saadhaaranayaayi asamamaya vivarangal kaaryakshamathayillaaymk kaaranamakunnathinaal ejantumaar thammilulla vivarangalude ozhukk vardhippikkunnathinaal screening karyakshamatha anuvadikkunnu. 
niravadhi vyavasaayangalilum vipanikalilum screening prayogikkunnu. screener velippeduthaan uddeshikkunna krithyamaaya tharatthilulla vivarangal vyaapakamaayi vyaapikkunnu; nadappaakkiya yadhaartha screening prakriya nadakkunna edapaadinte swabhaavathe aasrayichirikkunnu. palappozhum ithu rund ejantumaar thammilulla bhaavi bandhavumaayi adutha bandhamullathaan. rund saambathika ejantumaarkkum screening enna aashayathiloode prayojanam nedaan kazhiyum, udaaharanathinu thozhil vipanikalil, thozhiludamakal thozhil abhimukhathiloode bhaavi jeevanakkaare parishodhikkumbol, jeevanakkaaran kooduthal pariseelanam aavasyamulla mekhalakal thirichariyaan avarkk kazhiyum. vyakthiye niyamikkunnathil ninnu thozhiludamaykkum avarude vaidagdhyam vardhippikkunnathil ninnu vyakthigatha aanukoolyangal paramavadhi vardhippikkaan ithu anuvadikkunnathinaal ithu iru kakshikalkkum prayojanam cheiyunnu. 
screening enna ashayam aadyamaayi vikasippichath maikkal spense (1973) aanu. ejantu (kall) kooduthal vivarangal upayogichu ettedukkunna prathikoola thiranjeduppine cherukkunnathinulla oru thanthramaaya signalingil ninnu ithu verthirikkanam. 
udaaharanagal.
thozhil vipani.
oru thozhil apeksha prakriyayude niyamana, niyamana ghattathil thozhil vipaniyil screening teknikkukal upayogikkunnu. churukkatthil, oru jeevanakkaarane aaa rollylake niyamikkunnathil ettavum anuyojyamaaya thiranjeduppu nadathunnathinaayi, jolic saadhyathayulla udyogaarthikalude (kooduthal vivarangalulla ejantumaar) savisheshathakalekkurichu kooduthal velippeduthaan niyamana kakshi (kuranja vivarangalulla ejantu) shramikkunnu.
screening teknikkukalil iva ulppedunnu
insurance vipani.
upabhokthaakkale parishodhikkunna prakriya inshuransinaayi vipaniyil valare baadhakamaan. pothuve, insurance nalkunna kakshikal oru upabhokthaavinte mothatthilulla apakadasaadhyatha nilavaravum avar oru claim phayal cheyyaanulla saadhyathayum velippeduthunnathinaayi atharam pravartthanangal nadathunnu. eee vivarangal kaivasham vaykkumbol, insurance nalkunna kakshikk anuyojyamaaya pariraksha urappakkaan kazhiyum (athaayath.iii. upabhokthaavinte apakadasaadhyatha nilavaarathinu anusrithamaayi) nalkiyittundu.
prathyekichum, maikkal roht child joseph stiglitsum insurance vipaniyekkurichum asamamaya vivarangal avatharippikkumbol vyakthikalkk engane vipaniyil avarude sthaanam mechappeduthaam ennathinekkurichum gaveshanam nadatthi. vipaniyil svayam mikacha sthaanam nedunnathinaayi vyakthikalkk (arivillaatha kakshi) screeningiloode vivarangal verthirichedukkunnathile nadapadiyedukkaan kazhiyumennu roht child stiglitsum kandethi. insurance kambanikalkku (arivillaatha kakshikalkk) upabhokthaakkalude apakadasaadhyathayekkurichulla vivarangal undaayirunnilla. screening vazhi, insurance kambanikalkku avarude upabhokthaakkalude apakadasaadhyathayekkurichulla vivarangal nedaan kazhinju, upabhokthaakkalekkurichu atharam vivarangal velippeduthunnathinaayi poolisi udamakalkku prothsaahanangal nalkiyaanu ithu cheythath. ithu insurance kambanikale avarude upabhokthaakkalkk anuvadichirikkunna risk klaasukalude oru shreni srishtikkaan anuvadichu. koodaathe, kuranja preemiyangalkk pakaramaayi uyarnna kizhivukalkkayi poolisi karaarukal srishtikkaan ithu insurance kambanikale anuvadichu.
screening teknikkukalil iva ulppedunnu
oru screening prakriyayil insurance kakshikal shekharikkunna mattu vivarangal saadhaaranayaayi upabhokthaav aavashyappedunna insurance tharatthinu prathyekathayullathaanu. udaaharanathinu, kaar inshuransinu apakadacharithram nalkendathundu, aarogya inshuransinu aarogyasthithiyum munkaala rogangalum nalkendathundu.
dhaarmika apakadam
oru kakshi matte kakshiye doshakaramaayi badhikkunna pravarthanangalil earppedumbozhaanu dhaarmika apakadangal sambhavikkunnath. dhaarmika apakadasaadhyatha prathyekichum insurance kambanikalil sambhavikkam, athil oru kakshi insurance pariraksha ullathinaal apakadakaramaaya perumaattatthil pankedukkukayum athinaal insurance kambani nashtapariharam nalkunnathil ninnu prayojanam nedukayum cheyyum. eee saahacharyathil, insurance kambaniyaanu arivillaatha kakshi, ennirunnaalum, charitraparamaaya perumaattam polulla screening prakriyakaliloode, insurance kambanikalkku mattoru insurance plan vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinaayi aaa vyakthikale thirichariyaan kazhiyum.
uthppanna vipani.
oru puthiya uthppanna ashayam srishtikkumbozhum poruthappeduthumbozhumbo bisinasukal screening teknikkukal prayogikkunnu. bisinasukal uthppanna ashayangal vikasippichukazhinjaal, uthppannam vipaniyil ethra nannayi pravartthikkumennu nirnnayikkaan screening prakriyakal upayogikkunnu. eee saahacharyathil, bisinasukal arivillaatha kakshiyaanu, athesamayam upabhokthakkal arivulla kakshiyaanu, ennirunnaalum, uthppannangalil upabhokthakkal enthaanu thirayunnathenn manasilakkaan, bisinasukal vishadamaaya ashayam labhikkunnathin screening teknikkukal vinyasikkunnu.
screening teknikkukalil iva ulppedunnu
mattu saankethikavidyakal.
second digri vila vivechanam screeninginte oru udaaharanamaanu, athil oru vilppanakkaaran oopshanukalude oru menu vaagdaanam cheyyukayum vaangunnayaalude choys avarude swakaarya vivarangal velippeduthukayum cheiyunnu. prathyekichum, atharamoru thanthram vaangunnayaalude panam nalkaanulla sannadhathayekkurichula kooduthal vivarangal velippeduthaan shramikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, sambadghadana, premium sambadghadana, bisinus, phastt klaas tikkattukal enniva vaagdaanam cheiyunna oru airline upabhokthaav avarude vimana nirakkil chelavazhikkaan thayyaraya thukayekkurichulla vivarangal velippeduthunnu. atharam vivarangal upayogichu, motham vipani michathinte valiyoru bhagam pidichedukkaan sthaapanangalkku kazhiyum.
thettaaya screening.
shekharicha vivarangal thettayirikkaam ennathaanu screening teknikkukal vinyasikkunnathinte oru kuravu, athinaal ithu kaaryakshamathayillaymayil nayichekkaam. udaaharanathinu, oru anutpaadaka jeevanakkaaran abhiruchi parisodhana polulla screening pareekshakalil nannayi pravarthichekkaam. ennirunnaalum, thozhiludama arivillaatha kakshiyayathinaal, aaa vyakthi jolie cheiyunnathuvare avarkk eee vashangal shradhikkaan kazhiyilla, athinaal, jeevanakkaaran nalkunna samayavum parisramavum kaaryakshamathayillaaymk kaaranamaakunnu. athinaal, screening saankethikavidyakal upayogikkumbol ulppedunna pakshapaathangal vyavasaayangal manassilaakkendathu pradhaanamaan. 
insurance vipaniyil thettaaya parisodhana.
insurance vipaniyile saadhaarana screening prakriyakalil charitraparamaaya daattayum janasamkhyaaparamaaya vivarangalum nokkunnathu ulppedunnu, ennirunnaalum, eee screening prakriyakal thettaaya nigamanangalilekku nayichekkaam. udaaharanathinu, oru cheruppakkaarane saadhaaranayaayi uyarnna apakadasaadhyathayaayi kaanumenkilum, avarkk surakshithanaya oru driver aakaan kazhiyumennathinaal ithu yadhaarthathil prathifalikkilla. athinaal, vyakthikalkk eathu vibhagamaanu anuyojyamennu theerumaanikkunnathinu munbu insurance kambanikal kooduthal vivarangal shekharikkunnuvennu urappaakkendathund.
karar sidhaantham.
karar sidhaanthathil, "screening modalukal", "prathikoola selection modalukal" ennee padangal palappozhum parasparam maattiyedukkaan upayogikkunnu. oru ejantinu thante tharathekkurichulla swakaarya vivarangal undu (udha.jii.principal oru karar vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinu munbu, avante chelavukal allengil oru vasthuvinte moolyanirnnayam). thudarnnu principal vividha tharangale verthirikkunnathinayi karaarukalude oru "menu" vaagdaanam cheyyum. saadhaaranayaayi, mikacha tharam aadya-mikacha benchmark parihaaratthile athe thuka vyapaaram cheyyum (ithu poornnamaaya vivarangalkk keezhil labikkum), "mukalil valachodikkal illa" ennu ariyappedunna oru property. matellaa tharangalum saadhaaranayaayi aadya-mikacha parihaarathekkaal kuravaanu vyapaaram cheiyunnathu (athaayath.iii.vyapara thalatthil oru "thaazhekkulla valachodikkal" undu).
opttimal lela roopakalppana (saadhaaranayaayi bayeshyan mechanism design ennariyappedunnu) adisthaana screening modalinte multy ejantu pathippayi kaanaan kazhiyum. rogger maizhsanum eric maskins chernnaanu karar-saidhaanthika screening modalukalkk thudakkamittath. avaa vividha dishakalilekku vyaapippichittund. udaaharanathinu, pettant licensinghinte pashchaathalatthil, opttimal screening karaarukal yadhaarthathil aadyathe mikacha pariharavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol valareyadhikam vyapaaram nalkumennu theliyikkappettittund. screening modalukalude prayogangalil niyanthranam, pothu sambharanam, kuthaka vila vivechanam enniva ulppedunnu. laborattari pareekshanangalilum feeld daatta upayogikkunnathilum karar-saidhaanthika screening modalukal vijayakaramaayi pareekshichu.

