
amerikkayile nettu neutraality

amerikkayil, internettu sevana daathaakkal (aii. ezz. pii. ezz) internettile ellah daattayeyum thulyamaayi pariganikkukayum vivechanam kaanikkathirikkukayum cheiyunna thathwamaaya nettu neutraality 1990kall muthal network upayokthaakkalum axus daathaakkalum thammilulla tharkkatthinte prasnamaanu. nettu neutraality ullathinaal, aii. ezz. pii. kalkk nirddishta oonlain ulladakkathinayi manappoorvvam thadayaano vegatha kuraykkaano panam eedaakkaano kazhiyilla. nettu neutraality illaathe, aii. ezz. pii. kalkk chila tharatthilulla traafikkinu munganana nalkano mattullava meter cheyyaano allengil nirddishta sevanangalil ninnulla traafikkine thadayaano kazhiyum, athesamayam vividha thalatthilulla sevanangalkkayi upabhokthaakkalil ninnu nirakk eedaakkaam.
nettu neutraalittiyude oru pradhana prashnam, 1996 leeii telecommunication act bhedagathi cheytha 1934 leeii communication act prakaram aii. ezz. pii. kalle engane tharamthirikkanam ennathaanu, onnukil "information sarveesas" allengil "kooman carrier sarveesas" enna thalakkett. vargeekaranam aii. ezz. pii. kalude melulla federal communications kammeeshante (eph. sii. sii) adhikaarathe badhikkunnu taittil II kooman kaariyarukalayi tharamthirikkukayaanenkil aii. ezz. pii. kall niyantrikkaan eph. sii. sick kaaryamaaya kazhivundaakum, ennaal taittil I aayi tharamthirikkukayaanenkil avayil cheria niyanthranam maathrame undaakoo. isps kanakkileduthu communications act yunaittad stetts kongras bhedagathi cheyyaathathinaal, isps engane tharamthirikkanamennu nirnnayikkaan effsisiykku adhikaaramund, ithu deseeya cable & telecommunications assen vii kesil supreme kodathi sthireekarichu. brand ex internettu sevanangal (2005), saadhaarana carrierukalil eathokke niyanthranangal sajjeekarikkanamenn thiranjedukkunnathinu purame. oro puthiya bharanathinum anusarichu 5 anga eph. sii. siyude ghadana maarunnu, athinaal nettu neutralittiyodulla eph. sii. siyude manobhaavavum niyamangalum onniladhikam thavana maari.
2000-kalude thudakkathil, eph. sii. sii. aii. ezz. pii. ezz. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. ezz. pii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. pii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. ezz. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. ezz. aii. aii. ezz. aii. aii. ezz. aii. aii. ezz. aii. aii. ezz. aii. aii. ezz. aii. aii. ezz. aii. aii. ezz. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. aii. eph. sii. sii. (2010), veraison vii. eph. sii. sii. "(2014), taittil I vivara sevanangalil eee nettu neutraality thathwangal nadappilakkaan eph. sii. sick adikaaramilla. eph. sii. sii cheyar toom veelarinu keezhil, eph. sii. sii 2015 ooppan internettu oordaril vottu cheythu, aii. ezz. pii. kall taittil II kooman kaariyarukalayi tharamthirichu, nettu neutraality thathwangalkku vidheyamaan, ithu yunaittad stetts telecom assen vii. yill aii. ezz. pii vyavasaayam unnayicha niyamaparamaaya velluviliyethudarnnu uyarthippidichu. 2016ll eph. sii. sii.
2017-ll puthiya trump bharanathode, eph. sii. sii samsthaanathala niyamanirmmaanathinu kodathi nirbandhithamaaya chila elavukal nalkikkond aii. ezz. pii. kall kaikaaryam cheiyunnathilekku thirichetthi. 2021 joolaiyil purappeduvicha executive utharavinte bhaagamaayi, president joou biden trumpinte kaalaghattatthile chila mattangal pazhayapadiyakkaan eph. sii. sii. yodu aavasyappettu.
niyanthrana charithram.
aadyakaala charithram 1980-2000kalude arambham.
nettu neutralitic adisthaanamaaya aashayangalkk telecommunication parisheelanatthilum niyanthranatthilum oru neenda vamshaavaliyund. telegraamukal, phoon network (audyogikamaayi, public switch telephone network allengil pii. ezz. tii. enn) thudangiya sevanangal yuu. esinu keezhil saadhaarana kaariyarukalayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.ezz. 1910 leeii maan-elkins act muthalulla niyamam, athaayath avaa pothu upayogangalkk samaanamaanennum munganana nalkunnathu vyakthamaayi nirodhichirikkunnu. 1934 leeii communications act vyavasaayathe niyanthrikkunnathinum nyayamaaya vilanirnayavum praveshanavum urappakkunnathinumaayi federal communications kammeeshan (eph. sii. sii) srishtichu. niyamatthinte vyathyastha thalakkettukal aashayavinimayathinte vividha reethikale ulkkollunnundengil nettu neutraality sambandhicha charchayil praadhamika shradha nalkunnathu thalakkettukal I, II ennivayilaanu. niyamatthinte randaam thalakkettil baadhyastharaaya pothu vahakarum akkaalathe mattu telecommunication samvidaanangalum thammil verthirichedutha niyamam, aii enna thalakkettil vishaalamaayi ulkkollunnu. thalakkett II-ll, nyayamaaya vilanirnaya nirakkukalum vivechanarahithamaaya reethikalum urappaakkunnathin phoon netvarkkukal polulla saadhaarana kaariyarukale eph. sii. sii niyanthrikkendathaayirunnu. aii enna thalakkettin keezhilulla sisttangal eph. sii. sii niyanthrikkappedaathe vittu.
1980kalude avasaanathil internettu vaanijyaparamaaya upayogathinaayi niyamaparamaayi labhyamaayi, internettinte pothu upayogathinte aadya varshangalil, ithu athinte pradhana upayogamaayirunnu-pothujana praveshanam parimithavum pradhaanamaayum dial-upp modamukaliloode athicherunnathumaayirunnu (athinu munbulla bullattin board sisttam dial-upp samskaaram pole). aabhyantharavum saamoohikavumaaya samvidaanathekkaal vaanijya sevanamaayaan internettine kooduthal kandathu. ennirunnaalum, 1990 kalude avasaanathilum 2000 kalude thudakkathilum, veedukalil internettu saadhaaranamaayitheeraan thudangi. 1980kalilum yuu. esile telecommunication vyavasaayathinte pothuthaalpparya aavashyakathakalekkurichulla vaadangal undaayirunnu.ezz. prakshepanatthil earppettirikkunna kambanikale samoohathodum upabhokthaakkalodum baadhyathakalulla community trastikalaayittaanu ettavum nannayi kaanunnath, allengil ohari udamakalodu maathram baadhyathakalulla vipani pankaalikal maathramaano. 2000kalile nettu neutraality niyanthranangalekkurichu niyamaparamaaya charchakal eee charchaye prathidhwanikkunnu.
1990kalode, chilar yuu.ezz. raashtreeyakkaar internettu samrakshikkunnathil aashanka prakadippikkaan thudangi
 1934leeii ashayavinimaya niyamam 1996leeii telecommunications act upayogichu bhedagathi cheythu, mattu vyavasthakalkku purame, "vivara sevanangal" ennathu "telecommunication vazhi vivarangal srishtikkunnathinum, nedunnathinum, sambharikkunnathinum, parivartthanam cheiyunnathinum, prosess cheiyunnathinum, veendedukkunnathinum, upayogikkunnathinum allengil labhyamaakkunnathinumulla kazhivu vaagdaanam cheiyunnathum" ennu nirvachichu, koodaathe eph. sii. sii. yude aniyanthrithamaaya thalakkett I-nuu keezhil maathram ulppedunnu.
2000-kalude thudakkathil, timm vuu, laurence lessig thudangiya niyamapandithanmaar paakkat netvarkkukalkkaayulla niyanthrana chattakkoodukale abhisambodhana cheiyunna academic prabandhangalude oru parambarayil nishpakshathayude prashnam unnayichu. 2003-leeii thante prabandhamaaya "network neutraality, broadband discrimination" enna prabandhatthil "network neutraality" enna padam avatharippichathinte bahumati vukkaan. voys, viidiyoo aaplikkeshanukal polulla uyarnna bandwidth upayogikkunnathupollu internettile puthiya naveekaranangalude swaabhaavika parinaamatthe vaanijya thalpparyangal thadassappeduthaan saadhyathayundennu 2000 kalude thudakkathil broadband daathaakkalude perumaattangale adisthaanamaakki vuu kandethiyirunnu. nettu neutraalittikkaayulla sarkkar niyanthranatthinte gunangalum doshangalum rooparekhappeduthiya vuu, "adutha dashakathil communication regulatormaar broadband daathaakkalude swakaarya thaalpparyangalum internettil kendreekarichulla oru malsaraadhishtitha naveekarana anthareekshathilulla pothujana thaalpparyavum thammilulla samgharshangalil vardhicha samayam chelavazhikkum."
2000-kalude thudakkathil vuu, mattullava ennivayil ninnulla prabandhangal information teknolajiyileyum niyama mekhalakalileyum academic vidagtharkkidayil nettu neutralitic saadhyamaaya chattakkoodukal nirmmikkunnathinayi charchakalkku kaaranamaayi.ezz. niyamangal; eee charchakal europile samanamaaya oresamaya charchakalkku samaantharamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum athinte vyathyastha sarkkar ghadana kaaranam vividha tharatthilulla nadappaakkal sweekarichu. yuu. eiii. ykkullil.ezz.eee niyanthrana nirddeshangalekkurichu maadyamangalum raashtreeyakkaarum manassilakkukayum ithu sarkkarinullil nettu neutraality thathwangalude thudakkathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.
aii information sarveesas (<aii. dii. 1>) enna thalakkettil niyanthranathinulla sramangal.
"brand ex", sevanangale tharamthirikkanulla eph. sii. siyude adikaaram (<aii. dii. 1>).
1996leeii telecommunications aaktinte pashchaathalatthil, 'aii' enna peril 'information sarveesas' avatharippichathu, thangalude sevanangale cable daathaakkalaayi tharamthirikkaan pakaram 'aii' enna peril tharamthirikkaan eph. sii. siodu abhyarthikkaan pala cable adhishtitha internettu axus daathaakkaleyum prerippichu. eph. sii. sii abhipraayangal rekhappeduthukayum 2002-ll athinte prarambha kandethalukal nalkukayum cheytha sesham, cable aii. ezz. pii. kall oru telecommunication providero (taittil II-nuu keezhil) cable providero (taittil III-nuu keezhil) allennum marichu taittil I-nuu keezhil varunna oru vivara sevanam maathramaanennum athinaal eph. sii. sick aniyanthrithamaayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyumennum nirnnayicha "cable vazhiyulla internettu, mattu soukaryangal ennivayilekkulla athivega praveshanathekkurichulla anweshanam" purathirakkukayum cheythu.
niravadhi noonn-cable aii. ezz. pii. kalum mattu vyavasaya grouppukalum eee vidhiye onniladhikam kodathikalil chodyam cheyth eph. sii. sii. kku ethire cases phayal cheythu. kesukal onpathaam sarkyoottilekk ekeekarichu. cable aii. ezz. pii. kalkk telecommunication pravarthanamundennum athinaal taittil II prakaram niyanthrikkanamennum paranju 2003 meyy maasathil onpathaamathe surcuted eph. sii. siyude vidhi pinvalichu. naashanal cable aandu telecommunications association vidhiye chodyam cheyyukayum onpathaam surcuted "enn baank" cases kelkkaan visammathikkukayum cheythappol, 2005 juunil cases theerumaanikkunna supreme kodathi harji saakshyappeduthukayum onpathaam sarkyoottinte vidhi 6-3 theerumaanam asaadhuvaakkukayum eph. sii. sii cable aii. ezz. pii. yeei oru vivara sevanamaayi shariyaayi nirvachichittundennu kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. bhooripaksham abhipraayangalum "chevron" bahumaanathe aashrayichirunnu, aaa vyaakhyaanam nyayayukthavum sthirathayullathumaayirikkunnathum kaalam oru executive ejansi nalkia adikaarangal roopappeduthunna niyamanirmmaanathekkurichu vyaakhyaanathin judicial body bahumanam nalkunna oru thathwamaanithu. nettu neutraalittiyude vakthaakkalkk eee vidhi prathikoolamaayirunnuvenkum, internettu sevanangale avayude vyaakhyaanathin vidheyamaayi tharamthirikkaan eph. sii. sick adhikaaramundenn "brand ex" sthaapichu, ithu maarikkondirikkunna bharanasamvidaanangalumaayi amerikkayil nettu neutraality engane pravartthikkunnu ennathil pradhana punk vahichittundu.
brand x-leeii bhooripaksham abhipraayavum ezhuthiyathu justice clarence thomasaan, addeham pinneedu "baldwin vii. american aikyanaadukal ".
eph. sii. sii niyanthranangalillaatha swaathanthryam prothsaahippikkunnu (2004).
2004 februvariyil annathe federal communications kammeeshan chairman maikkal powell timm vuu, phil weiser ennivaril ninnum mattu academic vidagtharil ninnumulla padanangale adisthaanamaakki "network swaathanthryam samrakshikkunna" thathwangal ennu vilikkunna oru koottam vivechanarahitha thathwangal prakhyaapichu. nettu neutralitic sarkkar niyanthranam enthaayirikkanamennu vyakthamaaya chithram iniyum neratthe labhikkumenn powell thiricharinju, ennaal kazhinja kurachu varshangalayi broadband oopparettarmaarude sanbradaayangale adisthaanamaakki, broadband sevanathil ninnu upabhokthakkal enthaanu pratheekshikkendathennu sthaapikkendathu aavasyamaanennu sammathichu. silikkan flaattirons simposiyathile oru prasamgatthil, upayokthaakkalkk eee naalu swaathanthryangal nalkaan powell aispukale prothsaahippichu
2005-nte thudakkathil, "maadisan rivar" kesil, upabhokthaakkalkk vaagdaanam cheiyunna digital varikkaarude lainil (dii. ezz. ell) vonejinte voys ovar aipi (voy) sevanam thadayunna praadeshika telephone carrieraya maadisan rivar kammyoonikkeshansinekku anweshanam aarambhich network neutraality thathwangal nadappilakkaanulla sannadhatha eph. sii. sii aadyamaayi kaanichu. akkaalat, eph. sii. sii. cable daathaakkale oru vivara daataav enna thalakkettil tharamthirikkukayum ("brand ex" cases anusarichu) aniyanthrithamaayirikkum cheythappol, dii. ezz. ell polulla sevanangal ippozhum randaam thalakkettil oru pothu carrieraayi kanakkakkappedukayum eph. sii. siyil ninnulla vivechanarahithamaaya niyanthranathinu vidheyamaakukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eph. sii. siyude anweshanam kooduthal vyavaharangal nadakkunnathinu munbu eph. sii. siyum maadisan rivar communicationukalum thammil oru othutheerppilekku nayichu, maadisan nadhi voypp gathagatham thadayunnathu nirthaanum pizha adaykkaanum sammathichu. nettu nyootraalittiyekkurittu eph. sii. siyude nilapaadinu eee nadapadi oru maathrkayum nalkiyillengilum, maadisan rivar cases pavalinte thathwangal uyarthippidikkaan ejansi thayyaaraanennathinte soochanayaayirunnu. cases theerppaakkiyathinu thottupinnaale, eph. sii. sii 2005-ll dii. ezz. elline oru taittil aii information sarveesaayi punarvargeekarikkunnathinum eph. sii. sii niyanthrikkathe pravartthikkaan anuvadikkunnathinum oru puthiya niyamam purappeduvichu.
cleck, dial-upp, dii. ezz. ell. niyanthranam (<aii. dii. 1>).
2004ll kodathi cases yuu. ezz. tii. eiii vii. telephone oopparettarmaar avarude nettvarkkukalude chila bhagangal niyantritha vilaykk anbandal cheyyenda niyamangal nadappakkaanulla eph. sii. siyude adikaaram eph. sii. sii raddaki. ithu niravadhi malsaraadhishtitha praadeshika exchange kaariyarukalude (cleck) saambathika thakarchaykku kaaranamaayi.
amerikkayil broadband sevanangal charitraparamaayi avaa vahikkunna saankethikavidya anusarichu vyathyasthamayi niyantrikkappettu. cable internettine ellaayppozhum eph. sii. sii mikka niyanthranangalum illaatha oru vivara sevanamaayi tharamthirichittundenkum, dii. ezz. ell oru telecommunication sevanamaayi niyantrikkappettu. 2005ll eph. sii. sii. dii. ezz. ell. ulppedeyulla phoon shringalayiludaneelamulla internettu aaksasine "vivara sevanam" ennu punarvarggeekarichu, ithu saadhaarana carrier niyanthranangalil elavu nalkukayum unbundling aavasyakathakal laghookarikkukayum cheythu.
eph. sii. siyude vaadam kelkkalinide, deseeya cable & telecommunications association eph. sii. siodu 2005 leeii internettu naya prasthavanayil paranjirikkunna naalu maanadandangal aavashyamaaya thuranna manassai sweekarikkaan abhyarthichu. ithu naalu nettu neutraality thathwangalude oru swamedhayaa ulla koottamaanu. thathwangal nadappaakkunnathu nirbandhamaayirunnilla; athinu oru eph. sii. sii niyamamo federal niyamamo aavasyamaanu. parishkaricha thathwangal iprakaaramaayirunnu
2006 desemberil, eiii. tii./bell southu layana karar nettu neutralitye broadband daathaavinte bhaagathuninnulla oru kararayi nirvachichu "internettu ulladakkam, aaplikkeshan allengil sevana daathaakkalkku nalkano vilcano allah... aandu tii/belsouthinte wireline broadband internettu axus sevanathiloode athinte uravidam, udamasthaavakaasham allengil lakshyasthanam ennivayude adisthaanathil kaimaattam cheyyappedunna eathenkilum (daatta) paakkattin prathyekaavakaasham nalkukayo tharamthaazhthukayo munganana nalkukayo cheiyunna eathenkilum sevanam."
"komkaast vii. eph. sii. sii "(<aii. dii. 1>).
2007ll, amerikkayile ettavum valia cable kambaniyaaya komkaast, avarude nettvarkkile bittodarant uploadukal thadayukayo kadinamaayi vaikippikkukayo cheiyunnathu mattoru kakshiyil ninnu varunnathayi thonnunna 'reesett' paakkattukal (tcp rst) srishtikkunna oru saankethikavidya upayogichaanu. torrentfreekkinte (cheef researcher andrew norttante neethrthwathilulla rajyavyaapaka gaveshanathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla) 2007 august reportil 2005 muthal ekadesham rund varshamaayi aii. ezz. pii. ezz bittarant traafikkine thadayunnundengilum komkaast athu poornnamaayum thadayunnundennu abhiprayappettu. ithu pinneedu iii. eph. efum anubandha pathrangalum parishodhichu. 2008 march 27 nuu, network traafikkil orumichu pravartthikkaan komkaastum bittodarantum oru karaarilethi, avide komkaast "[2008] avasaanathode" oru protocol-neutral nilapad sweekarikkukayum "tirakkeriya samayangalil athinte nettvarkkile traaphik kooduthal phalapradamaayi kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla vazhikal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum venam."2009 desemberil, oru sharein 16 ll koodaathathum oru thettum cheythittillenn sammathichukondu 16 dasalaksham roopayude nirddishta othutheerppil komkaast ethi.
2008 augustil eph. sii. sii athinte aadyathe internettu network maanejment theerumaanam eduthu. mattu upabhokthaakkalkk mathiyaya bandwidth undennu urappakkaan viidiyoo fayalukalkkaayi chila upabhokthaakkalkk labhyamaya bandwidth thadayunnathinaal athinte athivega internettu sevanathinte upayokthaakkale phayal pankidal software upayogikkunnathil ninnu niyamavirudhamaayi thadanjuvenna komkaast vidhikkethiraaya parati uyarthippidikkaan 3-tuu-2 vottucheythu. eph. sii. sii pizhayonnum chumathiyittillenkilum 2008ll atharam thadayal avasaanippikkaan komkaast aavasyappedukayum 30 divasathinullil network maanejment reethikalude vishadaamshangal velippeduthaanum varshaavasaanathode lamghanam avasanippikkunnathinulla oru paalikkal padhathi samarppikkaanum pothujanagalkk bhaaviyile uddeshicha reethikalude vishadaamshangal velippeduthaanum congastinode utharavittu. annathe eph. sii. sii chairman kevin jeey. oru nalla kaaranamillengil, internettu daathaakkalkkum ellah ashayavinimaya kambanikalkkum upabhokthaakkalkk avarude netvarkkukal avarkk anuyojyamaayi thonnunna reethiyil upayogikkunnathil ninnu thadayaan kazhiyillennu oru maathruka sthaapikkaan uddeshichullathaanu eee utharavu ennu martin paranju. njangal internettinte thuranna swabhaavam samrakshikkukayaanu" ennum "network oopparettarmaarkku eathenkilum ulladakkathilekkum eathenkilum aaplikkeshanukalilekkum praveshanam labhikkunnathil ninnu aalukale thadayaan kazhiyillennu njangal parayunnu" ennum martin oru abhimukhathil paranju."
2010 epril, juun maasangalil yathaakramam rund vidhikalil columbia surcuted jillaykkuvendiyulla yunaittad stetts appeel kodathi eph. sii. sii. yethire vidhichu; bittarant kaimattavumaayi bandhapetta comcastinethire vedinirthal utharavinulla eph. sii. siyude abhyarthana nalkaan epril vidhi nirasichu, athesamayam juun vidhi komkaastinethiraaya eph. sii. siyude utharavu ozhinjukalanju. yuu.ezz. oru internettu daathaavinteyum nettvarkkine niyanthrikkaano athinte sanbradaayangalude nadatthippino eph. sii. sii. kku adhikaaramillenn appeel kodathi vidhichu "[eph. sii. sii]" regulatory adhikaarathinte avakaashavaadathe kongras nadappaakkiya oru yadhaartha niyamavumaayi bandhippikkunnathil parajayappettu ", koodaathe nyayamaaya network maanejment reethikal upayogikkumbol, ellaatharam niyamaparamaaya ulladakkathinum thangalude netvarkkukal thurannirikkaan ispsine nirbandhikkaan eph. sii. sick adikaaram illa. vidhikalude pashchaathalatthil, nettu neutraalittikkaayulla poraattam thudarumennu eph. sii. sii ariyichu.
spectrum lelathinulla eph. sii. siyude vyavasthakal (2008).
2008 februvariyil, federal communications kammeeshan chairmaanaayirunna kevin martin, broadband aii. ezz. pii. kall avarude varikkaarude internettu aaksasil yukthirahithamayi edapedunnathu thadayaan thaan "thayyaranennum praapthanaanennum" paranju.
2008ll, dii. tii. vii parivartthanam pratheekshichukondu 700 emm. echu. ezz. wireless spectrum block eph. sii. sii lelam cheythappol, eph. sii. sick vijayikkunna licency naalu vyavasthakal paalikkendathundengil 4.6 bilyan dollarinte lelathil praveshikkumennu google vaagdaanam cheythu
eee vyavasthakal eph. sii. siyude internettu poolisi stettmentinodu vishaalamaayi saamyamullathaayirunnu; eph. sii. siyude aaplikkeshanukalum ulladakkavum orotta bullattaayi samyojippikkukayum moonnaam kakshi daathaakkalkku mothatthilulla axus aavasyamulla oru adhika bullatt ulppeduthukayum cheythu. lelathinaayi eph. sii. sii eee naalu maanadandangalil randennam maathramaan sweekarichathu.upakaranangalum aaplikkeshanukalum thurakkuka, eee vyavasthakal baandinte rajyavyaapakamaaya sii block bhaagath maathram prayogikkuka.
president barak obaamayude 2009 leeii american recovery aandu reinvestment act broadband infrastructuril 7.2 bilyan dollar nikshepam nadathanamennum athil oru thuranna vyavastha ulppeduthanamennum aavasyappettu.
eph. sii. sii ooppan internettu oordar (2010).
2009 avasaanathode, telecommunication, cable, wireless kambanikal internettile chila vivarangal thadayunnathil ninnu thadayunna niravadhi nirddeshangal ulppedunna puthiya niyamangal eph. sii. sii thayyarakkan thudangi. eph. sii. sii chairman juuliyas jenachovsky 2005ll nilavile eph. sii. sii poolisi stettmentil rund niyamangal cherkkaan nirddeshichu., aii. ezz. pii. ezz. oru ulladakkathodum aaplikkeshanukalodum vivechanam kaanikkarut enna vivechanarahithamaaya thathwavum aaa aii. ezz. pii. ezz. ezz. avarude ellah nayangalum upabhokthaakkalkk velippeduthanamennu aavashyappedunna suthaaryatha thathwavum. wireline daathaakkalude athe network neutralitic wireless vidheyamaakanamennu addeham vaadichu. 2009 octoberil eph. sii. sii nettu neutraalittiyil nirddishta niyamam nirmmikkunnathinekkur notice nalki.
komkaast vii." enna vidhiye thudarnnu. 2010 maarchil eph. sii. sii. kodathiyude vidhi kanakkileduthu eee niyamangal bhedagathi cheythu. cable television, telephone sevana daathaakkal ethiraalikalilekko chila websiteukalilekko praveshikkunnathu thadayunnathil ninnu nirodhikkunna eph. sii. sii ooppan internettu utharavu amgeekarikkaan 2010 desemberil eph. sii. sii vottu cheythu. utharavu aii. ezz. pii. kalkk baadhakamaaya aarr nettu "neutraality thathwangal" sthaapichu
2010leeii oordarukal ispkale taittil II kooman kaariyarukalkk keezhil punarvarggeekarichilla, muun effsisi oordarukalude sanjitha falamaayi taittil I information sarveesasinu keezhil effsisi avaye niyantrikkunnilla. thangalude labhathinaayi, prathyekichu ipad polulla mobail upakaranagalil, transmission vegathayil vivechanam kaanikkan anuvadikkunnathupollu telecommunication kambanikalkku keezhadangunnathayi nettu neutraality abhibhaashakar eee nadapadiye apalapichu, athesamayam bisinus anukoola abhibhaashakar internettinte eathenkilum niyanthranathekkurichu parathippettu.
"veraison vii. eph. sii. sii. (2014).
2010leeii ooppan internettu oordar pothuve aii. ezz. pii. kalkk anukoolamaayirunnuvenkilum, taittil aii information sarveesasinu ippozhum baadhakamaaya nishpakshatha thathwangal nalkunnathine chila aii. ezz. pii. kall vimarshichu. veraison communications dii. yill oordarine velluvilichu.sii. 2011-nte thudakkathil surcuted kodathi, eph. sii. sii. aii. information sarveesasinte thalakkettil thathwangal prayogichukondu athinte adikaaram lamghichuvennu vaadichu. dii.sii. mattu bhagangal uyarthippidichukondu 2010leeii ooppan internettu oordaril ninnu thadayal, vivechanam ennee thathwangal ozhivakkaan 2014 januvariyil surcuted vidhichu. grameena, thaazhnna varumaanamulla pradeshangal ulppede ellah amerikkakkaarkkum telecommunication sevanangal vinyasikkaan prolsaahippikkaan eph. sii. sii adikaaram nalkunna bhedagathi cheytha ashayavinimaya niyamathile sekshan 706 neey eph. sii. sii anuchithamayi aashrayichirunnuvenn theerumaanam nirnnayichu. eph. sii. sii. sekshan 706-nte bhasha aashrayichirunnu, "broadband daathaakkalude internettu traafikkine niyanthrikkunna niyamangal prakhyapikkaan" avarkk adhikaaramundenn, eee niyamangal taittil aii information sevanangalil prayogikkaan. aii. ezz. pii. kall ippozhum eph. sii. sii. prathyekamaayi taittil I vivara sevanangalayi kanakkakkunnuvennum thadayal allengil vivechanam polulla vashangal niyantrikkaan eph. sii. sick kazhiyanamenkil, avaa taittil II prakaram telecommunication kooman kaariyarukalayi prathyekamaayi pattikappeduthendathundu kodathi vidhichu. eph. sii. sick broadband pothuvaayi niyantrikkaan kazhiyumennum sevana daathaakkale saadhaarana kaariyarukalayi thirichariyunnathil kuravundaakunna kooduthal nirddishta niyamangal roopappeduthaamennum kodathi sammathichu.
dissy surcuted kodathiyude theerumaanathodulla prathikaranamaayi, nilavilulla niyamaprakaaram nettu neutraality urappunalkaan kazhiyumo atho nettu neutraality urappakkaan aii. ezz. pii. kalude punarvarggeekaranam aavashyamaano enna tharkkam udaleduthu. 1996leeii telecommunication aaktinte sekshan 706 prakaram isps niyantrikkaan effsisiykku adhikaaramundenn wheeler prasthaavichu, athesamayam president obaama ulppedeyulla mattullavar 1934leeii communication aaktinte taittil II prakaram ispsine pothu kaariyarukalayi punarvarggeekarikkunnathini pinthunachu. sekshan 706-nte vimarshakar choondikkaanikkunnathu internettiloode nalkunna ulladakkathilekku thulyamaaya praveshanam urappakkaan eee vibhaagathin vyakthamaaya maandett illennaanu, athesamayam communication aaktinte upavibhagam 202 (eiii) parayunnath saadhaarana kaariyarukalkk "chaarjukal, sanbradaayangal, vargeekaranangal, niyanthranangal, soukaryangal allengil sevanangal ennivayil anyaayamo yukthirahithamo aaya vivechanam nadatthaan kazhiyilla ennaanu."nettu neutraalittiyude vakthaakkal saadhaaranayaayi aii. ezz. pii. kall randaam thalakkettil punarvarggeekarikkunnathini pinthunachittundu, athesamayam eph. sii. sii neethrthwavum aii. ezz. pii. kall atharam punarvarggeekaranathe pothuve ethirthu. aii. ezz. pii. kall saadhaarana kaariyarukalayi punarvarggeekarikkukayaanel, broadbaandumaayi bandhapetta vibhagangal maathram aii. ezz. pii. kalkk baadhakamaakunnathinaayi kammeeshan thiranjeduttha taittil II nadappilaakkumennu eph. sii. sii prasthaavichu.
thalakkett II kooman carrier (2015-2017) aayi punarvarggeekaranam.
naya nirddeshangal (2014).
kodathi vidhikal paalikkumbol nettu neutraality nadappaakkunnathu punaraarambhikkunnathin puthiya niyamangal roopeekarikkaanulla padhathikal 2014 februvari 19 nuu eph. sii. sii prakhyaapichu. ennirunnaalum, eee saahacharyathil, 2014 epril 23 nuu, komkaast, veraison thudangiya broadband aii. ezz. pii. kalkk netflix, disney allengil google polulla ulladakka daathaakkalkku uyarnna vilayum vegathayeriya kanakshan vegathayum nalkaan anuvadikkunna oru puthiya karadu niyamam eph. sii. sii report cheythu, athinaal avarude upabhokthaakkalkk munganana axus undaayirikkum, angane athinte muun nila "vipareeta" maakkukayum (aii. ezz. pii mekhalaykku purathulla abhiprayam pothuve sammathikkunnathupole) nettu neutraality "nishedhikkukayum cheyyum.
rund pradhana aii. ezz. pii. anubandha samghadanakalude presidentum sii. iii. oo. yumaaya eph. sii. sii chairman toom veelarude bhoothakaalathekkurichum athinte falamaayi aii. ezz. pii. kalude labha-prachodanangalodulla pakshapaatham sambandhicha samshayathekurichum pothujana prathikaranam chooderiyathaayirunnu. taamasiyaathe, 2014 epril avasaanathode, chornna oru rekhayude rooparekha, internettu sevana daathaakkale (aii. ezz. pii. kall) nettu neutraality thathwangal lamghikkaan anuvadikkunna niyamangal prakhyaapikkunnath eph. sii. sii under wheeler pariganikkum ennu soochippikkunnu, internettu upayokthaakkalkk chila ulladakkam axus cheiyunnathu eluppamaakkunnu-avarude udamakal aii. ezz. pii. kalkk (cable kambanikal, wireless aii. ezz. pii. kall ulppede) phees adachu-mattu ulladakkam axus cheiyunnathu budhimuttaanu, angane internettinte parambaraagatha thuranna vaasthuvidya durbalappeduthunnu. eee padhathikalkku aaktivisttukalil ninnum mukhyadharaa pathrangalil ninnum mattu chila eph. sii. sii kammeeshanarmaaril ninnum ganyamaaya ethirppu labhichu. 2014 meyy maasathil google, microsopht, ibe, facebook ennivayulppede nooriladhikam internettu kambanikal veelarinu oru kathil oppuvachu, avaa "internettinu gurutharamaaya bhishaniye" prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu paranju addehathinte padhathikalumaayi viyojip prakadippichu.
2014 meyy 15 nuu nirakalulla broadband alavansukal avatharippikkunathinulla nirddishta niyamangalil eph. sii. sii 3-3 vottucheythu. anthima vidhi purappeduvikkunnathin munbu eee niyamangal pothujanangalude abhipraayathinaayi thurakkunathinupurame, ispkale taittil II kooman carrier telecommunication sevanangalayi tharamthirikkunnathinekkur eph. sii. sii pothujanangalodu avarude abhiprayam chodichu. pothu abhipraayaprakadana kaalayalav 2014 joolaiyiloode neenduninnu, oru dashalakshathiladhikam prathikaranangal nedi, ithu eph. sii. sick ithuvare labhichathil vachu ettavum kooduthalaanu.
oru tyred internettinaayulla eph. sii. sii nirddeshathinu kanatha vimarsanam labhichu. internettile "phaast leyne" vazhi ulladakkam axus cheiyunna oru upayokthaavin thaarathamyappeduthumbol "slow leyne" asahaneeyamaanennu thonnum, ithu "phaast leyne" aaksasinu panam nalkaan kazhiyaatha eathoru ulladakka dathavineyum valareyadhikam prathikoolamaayi baadhikkumenn athiraalikal vaadichu. oru nirayilulla internettu praveshanathinulla thadassam vardhippichu puthiya internettu puthumakale adichamarthumennu avar vaadichu. viidiyoo daathaakkalaaya netflix vimeoyum eph. sii. siyil phayal cheytha abhipraayangalil ezz.-nte gaveshanam upayogichu.ezz. oonlain viidiyoo upayokthaakkalil internettu vegathayude swaadheenathinte alavilulla thelivukal nalkia krishnanum ramesh sitharaman. avarude gaveshanam slow-loading viidiyoo play cheyyaan kaathirunna dasalakshakkanakkinu internettu viidiyoo upayokthaakkalude kshama nilavaaram padichu. fiber-tuu-dhaa-hoome polulla vegathayeriya internettu connectivity ulla upayokthaakkal kuranja kshama prakadippikkukayum mandagathiyilulla internettu connectivity ulla samanamaaya upayokthaakkale apekshichu avarude veediyokal upekshikkukayum cheythu.
nirakalulla broadband niyamangalude athiraalikal 2014 septambar 10 neey "internettu maandyam" aayi prakhyaapichu. puthiya niyamangal praabalyatthil vannal enthu sambhavikkumennu avarkk thonnunnuvennu kaanikkan pankedukkunna websiteukal manappoorvvam mandagathiyilaakki. netflix, redditt, tumbler, twittar, vimeo, kikkstaarttar ennivayaanu internettu maandyathil pankeduttha websiteukal. saambathika shaasthranjan" "valaykkuvendiyulla pooraattatthe" "[vivarichu...] varaanirikkunna eph. sii. sii theerumaanam "team internettu" (haitek multy milyanayarmaarude oru plucky baand), "team cable" (valia-ipu bilyanayarmaarude bheeruthvapoornamaaya koottam) enniva thammilulla oru itihaasa ettumuttalaayi ippol chithreekarikkunnu."
2014 november 10 nuu president obaama edapedukayum nettu neutraality nilanirthunnathinaayi broadband internettu sevanathe oru telecommunication sevanamaayi punarvarggeekarikkaan eph. sii. sii shupaarsha cheyyukayum cheythu. republicanmaar 2015 januvariyil yuu roopathil niyamanirmmanam avatharippichu. ezz. kongras echr charcha karadu bill, nettu neutralitic elavukal nalkiyengilum aaa lakshyam kaivarikkunnathil ninno aii. ezz. pii. kalle badhikkunna kooduthal niyanthranangal nadappaakkunnathil ninno eph. sii. siye nirodhichuvenkilum bill nadappaakkunnathil parajayappettu.
2015 ooppan internettu oordar.
2015 januvariyode, eph. sii. sii athinte muun niyamangal parishkarichathaayum aii. ezz. pii. yeei taittil II kooman carrier telecommunication sarvees ennu nirvachicha oru puthiya praadhamika vidhiyil vottucheyyumennum prakhyaapichu. eee ashayam sweekarikkunnathu internettu sevanathe vivarangalil onnil ninnu telecommunicationukalinu punarvargeekarikkukayum athine oru pothu nanmayayi kanakkaakkukayum nettu neutraality urappakkukayum cheiyumennu wheeler parayunnu.
eee puthiya niyamangalil eph. sii. sii. yude votteduppinu munnodiyaayi, nettu neutralitye chuttipattiyulla charchayil pothujanangale ulppeduthunnathil soshyal media plaattfomukalkku valia pankundaayirunnu. tumbler, vimeo, redditt thudangiya janapriya websaittukalum 2014 septambar 10 nuu internettu maandyathil pankedutthu, ithu charithratthile ettavum valia susthiramaaya (oru divasathiladhikam neendunilkkunna) oonlain prathishedha sramamaanennu samghadana paranju. 2015 januvari 26nuu janapriya blogging saittaya tumbler nettu neutraality advecasy grouppaaya bhaaviyilekkulla group poraattatthinulla linkukal sthaapichu. 2015 februvari 26nuu websait randaam thalakkettil eph. sii. sii vottinu kauntdaun pradharshippichu. kongrassinte abhipraayathe swaadheenikkunnathinum kongras prathinidhikale vilicano abhipraayangal samarppikkaano upayokthaakkale prolsaahippikkunnathu oru vyapakamaaya internettu prachaaranatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu ithu. save dhaa internettu alayans, baattil phoor dhaa nettu thudangiya nettu neutraality advecasy grouppukal 2015 leeii eph. sii. sii vidhiyodu prathikarichu puthiya nettu neutraality niyamangal samrakshikkanamennu aavasyappettu.
samsthaana niyamangal ithinakam thanne sakthamaaya nettu neutraality ashayangal sthaapichittullathum samanamaaya niyamangalulla mattu samsthaanangalkku elavukal cherkkaan thayyarayathumaaya vadakkan karolinaykkum tennesic elavukal nalkikkond 2015 februvari 25 nuu eph. sii. sii eee puthiya niyamangal passacan 3-3 vottucheythu. ispyudeyum athiraalikaludeyum kaazhchappaadukalkk marupadiyaayi wheeler abhiprayappettu, "ithu internettine niyantrikkaanulla oru padhathiyalla, aadya bhedagathi abhipraaya swaathanthryathe niyanthrikkunnathinulla oru padhathiyaanu. avaa randum ore ashayathe prathinidheekarikkunnu."2015 march 12nuu pothu abhipraayathinaayi niyamangalude poornna velippeduthal purathirakkukayum 2015 epril 13nuu anthima niyamam prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu.
"yunaittad stetts telecom assen vii. eph. sii. sii. (2016).
2015ll eph. sii. siyude vidhi prasidheekarichathinethu niravadhi internettu daathaakkal eph. sii. siyude vidhiye chodyam cheyth cases phayal cheythu. kesukal samyojippichu orotta kesai "yunaittad stetts telecom assen vii. 2015 desemberil columbia surcuted jillaykkayi yunaittad stetts kodathiyile appeel kammittiyil moonnu jadjimaarude paanal ketta eph. sii. sii. 825 eph. 3dii 674 (2016). 2016 juunil kodathi athinte theerumaanam purappeduvichu, paanal eph. sii. siyude vidhi nilanirthunnathinu anukoolamaayi 2-1 aayi vibhajikkukayum internettine oru aadambaramayi kanakkakkaruthennum paranju. eee vidhiye supreme kodathiyil chodyam cheiyunnathu thudaraan internettu daathaakkal avarude uddeshyam soochippichu.
appeel kodathi vidhiyethudarnnu niravadhi telecom grouppukal certifier rittinaayi supreme kodathiyil harji nalki, aathyanthikamayi cases naamamaya "berninger vii. federal communications kammeeshan "(dokkatt <aii. dii. 1>). 1934leeii communications aaktinte punarvyakhyaanam aavasyamulla thuranna internettu utharavu purappeduvikkaan eph. sii. sick adhikaaramillenn harjiyil vaadichu. 2018 november 5 nuu kodathiyile ezhu amgangal harji nirasikkukayum appeel kodathi vidhi nilanirthukayum cheythu, ithu eph. sii. sick internettine randaam thalakkettil punarvarggeekarikkaan kazhiyumennu sthaapichu. saambathika samgharsham kaaranam cheef justice joonn roberts vittunilkkukayum cases charithratthil munpu edapettirunnathinaal justice bratt kavanag vittunilkkukayum cheythu. appeel kodathi utharavu ozhinjupokumaayirunna oru "monsingware" vaaktoorinu utharavidunnathinaayi harji sweekarikkaan moonnu justisumaaraaya clarence thomas, saamuval alitto, neel gorsach ennivar shupaarsha cheythirunnu, appeel kodathi utharavu aaa kodathiyilekku thirike nalkukayum thuranna internettu utharavu asaadhuvaakkiya 2018 eph. sii. sii utharavu kaaranam cases vivaadamaakkukayum cheythu.
trump bharanathinu keezhilulla (2017-2020) taittil I information sarveesukalilekku madanguka.
internettu swaathanthryam punasthaapikkaan nirddishta niyamangal.
donald trump presidentinte sthaanathekku svayam sthaanakkayattam nadathukayum eph. sii. sii nettu neutraality aayi kanakkaakkukayum aii. ezz. pii. kalle taittil II kooman kaariyarukalayi tharamthirikkukayum cheythu. 2014ll addeham paranju, "internettinethiraaya obaamayude akramanam mattoru topp daun power grab aanu. nettu neutraality ennathu nyaayabodha sidhaanthamaanu. yaadhaasthithika maadhyamangale lakshyamidum."
2017 januvariyil udghaadanam cheythathinu thottupinnaale president trump ajith paiye eph. sii. siyude puthiya chairmaanaayi niyamichu. senatt nyoonapaksha nethaavu mitch mcconnellinte shupaarsha prakaram commissionil aavashyamaaya republican seettukalilonnu nikathaan president obaama neratthe paiye naamanirddesham cheythirunnu. 2015leeii ooppan internettu oordarine ethirtha paii, obaama bharanakaalathu eph. sii. sii nadappaakkiya chila nayangal vegathil pinvalikkaan thudangi, koodaathe seero rating upayogikkunnathinekkur anweshanam nirtthivachu.ezz. wireless daathaakkal. thante niyamanathinushesham, aadhunika vipaniyude yaadhaarthyavumaayi poruthappedunnathinu eph. sii. sii nayangal "naveekarikkaan" padhathiyittittundenna paii prasthaavichu, ennaal eph. sii. sii nettu neutraality niyamangal nadappaakkunnathu thudarumo atho 2015 ooppan internettu oordaril sthaapicha broadband sevanangalude taittil II vargeekaranam thudarumo enna kaaryatthil urappilla. nilavile nettu neutraality niyamangal yadhaartha malsara virudha perumaattam sariyaakkaan sramikkunnathinekkaal "saangalppika doshangalkkethire niyanthrikkunnu" ennathinaal avayodulla thante ethirppu paii prasthaavichu, koodaathe upabhokthaakkaleyo puthumayullavareyo upadravikkunna kurachu kambanikal maathrame ulloovenkil atharam vishalamaaya sarkkar edapedalinte aavasyamilla. nettu neutraality niyamangal "niravadhi malsara anukoola bisinesses krameekaranangal nirodhikkumennum" internettu infrastructure vipuleekarikkunathinulla "nikshepam kuraykkumennum" paii vaadichu. 2017 eprilode, aii. ezz. pii.-kalude randaam pothuvaahinikkambaniyaayi vargeekaranam thirichukondukondu 2015leeii ooppan internettu oordar pinvalikkaan eph. sii. sii nirddeshikkumennu paii soochippichirunnu, pakaram nettu neutraality thathwangalil "swamedhayaa" prathijnjaabadhamaaya isps undennum, avayude lamghanangal eph. sii. sii. kku pakaram federal trade kammeeshan ulkkollumennum addeham soochippichu. 2017 epril 29nuu ettavum puthiya nettu neutraality othutheerppu nirddeshathekkurichu vyakthamaaya dhaarana vivarikkapettu.
2017 meyy 18 nuu, nettu neutraality niyanthranangal pinvalichukondu "internettu swaathanthryam punasthaapikkunnathinekku" niyamangal nirddeshicha niyama nirmmaana (enn. pii. aarr. emm) thumaayi munnott pookaan eph. sii. sii 2-1 nuu vottu cheythu. puthiya niyamangal 2017 juulai 17 nuu pothujanangalkkayi prasidheekarichu. aii. ezz. pii. kall taittil II kaariyarukalayi vargeekarikkunnathu puthiya adisthaana soukaryangalile mooladhana chelavu kuraykkaan kaaranamayennum ithu raajyathinte telecommunication samvidaanangalude bhaviye bheeshanippeduthunnuvennum vaadichukondu eph. sii. sii avarude niyamangale pinthunachu. yunaittad stetts telecom associationil ninnulla daattayudeyum vyavasaya kansalttant haal singaril ninnulla samanamaaya kanakkukaludeyum adisthaanathil 2014 num 2015 num idayil telecom kambanikalude mooladhana chelavil ekadesham kuravundaayathaayi eph. sii. sii udharichu. 1996 muthal 2015 vareyulla kaalayalavil telecom kambanikalude mooladhanachelavile vaarshika mattangalil 75 sathamaanavum kuranjathu kuranjathinaal eph. sii. sii eee daatta thiranjedutthathaayi vishakalana vidagdhar paranju. eee enn. pii. aarr. emminode viyojichukondu eph. sii. sii kammeeshanar mignon klaiben ezhuthi, "njangalude" 2015 ooppan internettu oordarinte "falamaayi broadband provider mooladhana chelavukal kuranjuvennu soochippikkunna vishwasaneeyamaaya oru vishakalanam njaan ithuvare kanditilla. ... enn. pii. aarr. emm upayogikkunna athe yukthi upayogichu, 2002-ll cable modam sevanathe oru vivara sevanamaayi eph. sii. sii. vargeekarichathu broadband provider nikshepathil kooduthal kuthane idivinu kaaranamaayenn oraalkk nirddeshikkaam."
securitykalum exchange commission (second) samarppicha audyogika reportukalil mooladhanachelavu kuraykkunnathinekkurillu atharam avakaashavaadangalonnum nadathiyittillennu electronic frontier foundeshante legislative kaunsil avakashappettu, oru second filingle thettidharippikkunna vivarangal kaaranam panam nashtappettuvennu avakaashappedunna nikshepakarkku pradhana kambanikalkkethire cases phayal cheyyaamennu addeham paranju, kongrasineyo pothujanangaleyo thettidharippikkunna prasthaavanakalk atharam shikshakalonnum baadhakamalla. 26 akkangalum pattikakalum ulppedunna oru reportil swatantra maadhyamangalude oru turner nadatthiya vishakalanamaan faalkkante avakaashavaadathe pinthunaykkunnathu, athil 21 ennam second filingukalil ninnu verthiricheduthathum backie anchil moonnu ennam yuu. esil ninnaan vannath.ezz. sensus beuroyude vaarshika mooladhanachelavukalude sarway. tenarinte 24 tableukalil 5 ennam maathrame taittil II oordar negatteevu aayittulloo ennathinaal, 24 tableukalile sharashari, sharashari maattam yathaakramam 8.1 sathamaanavum 5.2 shathamaanavumaayirunnu.
pothu abhipraayamidal kaalayalavum vanjanaaparamaaya pravartthanangalude vishakalanavum.
eathoru enn. pii. aarr. emminum aavashyamullathupole, eph. sii. siyude puthiya nirddishta niyamangalekkurichu pothujanagalkk abhiprayam parayaanulla oru kaalayalav 2017 meyy 18 muthal august 16 vare neenduninnu. pothu abhipraayamidal kaalayalavil, puthiya niyamangalkkethire aalukale eph. sii. sick abhipraayangal samarppikkaan nettu anukoola nishpaksha grouppukal sramangal nadatthi. kazhinja aazhcha innu ratri" enna paripaadiyude avatharakanaaya joonn olivar nirddishta eph. sii. sii niyamangalkkethire abhiprayam parayaan thante kaazhchakkaare prothsaahippichu. 2017 juun aadyam, bhaaviyilekkulla poraattam, swatantra maadyama pravartthana fund, demand purogathi ennivayude neethrthwathil oru sakhyamaaya baattil phoor dhaa nettu juulai 12 nuu oru "vann pravartthana dinam" prakhyaapichu. bahurashtra korppareshanukal ulppede 50,000-ladhikam websiteukal "charithratthile ettavum valia oonlain prathishedham" ennu vilikkunna bhaaviyilekkulla pooraattatthil pankedutthu.
internettu swaathanthryam punasthaapikkuka" enna nirddishta bhaashayekkurichulla eph. sii. siyude thuranna abhipraaya kaalayalavil ekadesham 21.9 dasalaksham abhipraayangal labhichu, akkaalat eph. sii. sii kanda pothu abhipraayangalude ettavum valia varavu; munbu eph. sii. sick 2003 ll puthiya maadyama udamasthaavakaasha niyamangalumayi bandhapetta 500,000 abhipraayangalum 2004 ll suuppar bowl XXXVIi haff time shhow vivaadathil ninnu 1.4 dasalaksham abhipraayangalum labhichirunnu. eee abhipraayangal pothujanagalkk labhyamaakkiyathode, moonnaam kakshi grouppukal avarude ulladakkangal vishakalanam cheyyaan thudangi, nettu neutralitic ethiraaya niravadhi abhipraayangal ore bhashayil pankittu, avaa thanippakarppaayi kanakkakkappettu. vyakthigatha swaathanthryathinaayi kendram nirddeshicha athe aanti-nettu neutraality vaakkukal upayogichu eee dasalakshakkanakkinu abhipraayangal vanchanaaparamaanennu vishakalanam soochippichu.
obaama kaalaghattatthile niyamangal radhaakkaan shramicha broadband phoor americaykku vendi nadatthiya pothu abhipraayamidal kaalayalav avasaanichathinu sesham nadatthiya aadya padanangalilonnu, abhipraayangalil 60 sathamaanavum nilavile niyamangal nilanirthunnathinu anukoolamaanennu kandethi. ennirunnaalum, patanam dhaaraalam thanippakarpp abhipraayangalum thiricharinju; iva neekkam cheyyappettaal, nilavile niyamangal nilanirthunnathinu anukoolamaaya athulyamaaya abhipraayangal radhaakkaan aagrahichavarekkaal 15.2 laksham muthal 23,000 vare kooduthalaayirunnu. pothu abhipraaya kaalayalavilum athinusheshavum, vishakalana vidagdhar pothu abhipraayangal avalokanam cheyyukayum niyamangal raddaakkunnathine pinthunaykkunnathinaayi boilerplate bhasha upayogikkunnavaril ganyamaaya sathamaanam perr ariyappedunna spam daattabesukalil ninnu perukalum vilaasangalum upayogichathayi nireekshikkukayum cheythu, koodaathe kondakttukalaakaan thayyarullavarum praaptharumayavar effsisicaayi atharam abhipraayangalonnum avasheshippichittillena avakaashappedunnu. nettu virudha nishpakshatha paraamarshangal nalkunnuvennu eph. sii. sii. pattikappedutthiya kuranjathu irupathinaalu perenkilum 2017 meyy maasathil eph. sii. sii. kku oru thuranna kathil oppuvachu, avar nadatthiya abhipraayangal pothu rekhakalil ninnu neekkam cheyyanamennu abhyarthichu. pothu abhiprayangalkkaayulla eph. sii. siyude samvidaanamaaya electronic kamant filing sisttam (iii. sii. eph. ezz) sookshmaparishodhanaykku vidheyamaayi abhipraayangal samarppikkunnathin eph. sii. sii nalkunna keekalkkoppam oru ooppan aaplikkeshan prograaming interface (api) upayogikkunnu, ithu bahujana sandeshangalkk chooshanam cheyyaavunnathaakkunnu.
2017 desemberil, pyoo research sentar abhipraayangal avalokanam cheiyunnathil report puratthirakki, avayil bhooribhaagavum boilerplate sandeshangalaanennu sthireekarichu, ennaal pothu nayathe swaadheenikkaan sramikkunna oru bahujana prachaaranangalude prathinidhiyaan. joonn smithinte" vyathiyanangal allengil "internettu" upayogichathupolulla niravadhi perukal asambandhamaanennu pyoo report thiricharinju, mattu sandarbhangalil, ekadesham ore samayam aayirakkanakkin sandeshangal labhichu, ithu abhipraayangalil oru boat spaaminginte thelivaanu.
eee prakriya samarppicha ellah abhipraayangalum vilayiruthunna mattoru patanam stanford sarvakalashaalayil poortthiyaakki 2018 octoberil prasidheekarichu. stanford patanam savisheshamaaya abhipraayangal maathram nirbandhithamaakki, athinte falamaayi boilerplate bhaashaykk vipareethamaayi "semantic outlayarukal" ennu vilikkappedunna 800,000-ladhikam abhipraayangal, ivayil aayirathinte saambilinginte vishadamaaya avalokanathil, obaama kaalaghattatthile niyamangal nilanirthaan 99.7% anukoolamaanennu kandethi; iva bhoomishaasthraparamaayum raashtreeyamaayum vaividhyamaarnna oru koottam upayokthaakkalil ninnaan vannath. eee padanatthinu thottupinnaale, eph. sii. siyude prakriyayude vimarshakaril oralaaya newyork samsthaanathinte attorni general barbera underwood, nettu neutraality charchayude iruvashathumulla oru dasaniladhikam abhibhaashaka grouppukalkku eph. sii. siyude samvidaanathil avasheshikkunna vanthothilulla vanjanaaparamaaya abhipraayangalil avarkk pankundo ennu nirnnayikkaan summons purappeduvichu. mattu samsthaanangalum federal beuro oof investigation abhipraayamidunna kaalayalavil samanamaaya upapoonukal purappeduvichittundu.
newyork times", "busfeed" enniva pothu abhipraaya kaalayalavil upayogicha aipi vilaasangalekkurichulla vivarangal nedunnathinaayi effsisiyil freedam oof information act (foya) abhyarthanakal phayal cheythirunnu. eee vivarangal purathuvidunnathu americaye saibar aakramanathinu irayaakkumennu choondikkaatti 2018 desemberil eph. sii. sii abhyarthanakal nirasikkukayum kuranjathu 500,000 abhipraayangalengilum russian vilasangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnavum prakriyayil edapedunnuvennum obaama kaalaghattatthile nettu neutraality niyamangal paalikkunnathin anukoolamaayi pothujanabhipraayam maattaan sramikkunnuvennum paay oru attached prasthavanayil ezhuthi.
iii. sii. efukalil ninnulla epi qee logukalumaayi bandhapetta rekhakalkkayi "newyork times" websaittaaya "gismodo" oru prathyeka foya abhyarthana nadatthi, ithu varkkukalil ninnulla pathrapravartthakar eph. sii. siyude prarambha nishedhathinethire cases phayal cheythathine thudarnnu anuvadichu. thanippakarpp cheytha abhipraayangalkkethiraaya logukal avalokanam cheiyunnathinaayi "newyork times", "gismodo" ennivayude neethrthwathilulla daatta vishakalanam. eee aavashyathinaayi klayantukalkku abhibhaashaka software vaagdaanam cheiyunna sii. kyu. roll kolinu nalkiyirikkunna api vazhiyulla samarppikkalukalil ninnaan thanippakarpp abhipraayangal varunnathennu avar nigamanam cheythu. "2017 meyy maasathil eph. sii. sii. kku ayacha thuranna kathil oppuvachavarude perumaayi bandhappeduthiyirikkunna abhipraayangal eee paattenumaayi poruthappedunnuvennu "gismodo" kandethi. pejinte nettu neutraalittikkethire thurannuparanja sentar phoor indivijuval freedam (cfif) nadatthiya prasthavanakalumaayi thanippakarpp cheytha abhipraayangalude bhasha niravadhi samanathakal pankidunnuvennu "gismodo" kandethi. eee anweshanangal kaaranam, sii. kyu. roll kooll, sii. eph. aii. eph, sii. kyu. roll kolukal axus cheiyunna mattu niravadhi abhibhaashaka grouppukal enniva effsisikkethiraaya newyork stettu kesil chodyam cheyyalinaayi vilichirunnu. 2020 meyy maasathil jadji lorna jii. newyorkkile thekkan jillayude yunaittad stetts jilla kodathiyude scofield, eee abhipraayamidunna kaalayalavil ninnulla ellah abhipraayangaludeyum aipi vilaasangal eph. sii. sii "newyork times" nalkanamennu vidhichu. svakaaryatha prashnangalekkurichu eph. sii. sii avakaashavaadam unnayichenkilum, pinvalikkanulla eph. sii. siyude theerumaanam "azhimathikku irayaakunnu" ennu pothuve abhipraayamidunna kaalayalavil eathenkilum vanjanaaparamaaya pravartthanangal eee vishayathil edapettittundo ennu parisodhikkaan pathratthinte abhyarthana saadhuthayullathaanennu jadji scofield paranju.
abhipraayangal vilayiruthiya sesham, samarppicha 21.9 dashalakshathil ekadesham 18 dasalaksham vyaajamaanenn avar theerumaanichathaayi newyork stettu attorni generalinte oafees 2021 meyy maasathil report cheythu. upabhokthaakkalkk giftt kaardukalo sweepstekkukalilekko praveshikkaamenn vaagdaanam cheythathum ennaal avarude perukalum vivarangalum upayogichu avarude arivillaathe abhipraayangal samarppichathum telecom vyavasaayam munnottuvacha qoo-rajistreshan pramoshanukalumaayi bandhappettathaan aaa abhipraayangalil ekadesham 85 laksham. ithinaayi, oafees ithinakam moonnu telecom kambanikalumaayi motham pizhaykk othutheerppu karaarukalil ethi. vyaajamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna 93 laksham abhipraayangal nettu neutralitic anukoolamaanennu report parayunnu, thettaaya identittikalkku keezhil phayal cheythavayum palathum orotta vyakthi samarppichavayum aanu. dasalakshakkanakkinu vyaja prathikaranangalil pankeduttha telecom vyavasaayam nalkia moonnu inflencher kambanikalil ninnu attorni general motham panam nedi.
puthiya utharavu nadappaakkuka.
pothu abhipraayamidal kaalayalavumaayi bandhapetta vanjanaaparamaaya pravarthanangalekkurichu thudarchayaaya vishakalanam undaayirunnittum, 2015 leeii ooppan internettu oordar nilanirthunnathinu anukoolamaayi kanakkakkappetta pothu abhipraayangal niyamaanusrithamaanennu kanakkaakkappettenkilum, internettu swaathanthrya kramam punasthaapikkunnathinum nettu neutraality niyamangal raddaakkunnathinum 2017 desember 14 nuu anthima votteduppumaayi munnott pookaan padhathiyidunnathaayi eph. sii. sii 2017 novemberil prakhyaapichu. abhipraayamidunna kaalayalavile kramakkedukal kaaranam vanchanayude thelivukal eph. sii. sii thadanjuvekkukayaanennum uchithamaaya anweshanam nadakkunnathuvare votteduppu maattivaykkanamennum eph. sii. sii kammeeshanar jessica rosenvorsel desember 8nuu aaropichu.
juulai 12-aamm theeyathi nadanna pravartthanatthil ulppetta niravadhi samghadanakal desember 12-nuu oru oonlain prathishedham aasoothranam cheythu. 2017 desember 14-nuu oru votteduppu nadannu, 3-3 party-line vottu radhaakkal amgeekarichu.
2018 januvari 4 nuu, "internettu swaathanthryam punasthaapikkunna" thinte nilavile pathipp parasyamaakkukayum 2018 februvari 22 nuu federal rajisttaril audyogikamaayi krodeekarikkukayum 2018 juun 11 nuu niyamangal praabalyatthil varikayum cheythu.
internettu swaathanthrya niyamangal punasthaapikkunnathinum 2015 leeii ooppan internettu oordar raddaakkunnathinum 2017 desember 14 nuu eph. sii. sii party lainukalil 3-3 enna thothil vottu cheythu.
"mossilla vii. eph. sii. sii "(<aii. dii. 1>).
2017 desember 14 nuu eph. sii. sii vottu cheyth minitukalkkullil, newyork attorni general eric sneederman "nettu neutraality niyamavirudhamaayi pinvalikkunnath thadayunnathinaayi" eph. sii. sikkethire oru multy-stettu cases nalkaanulla uddeshyam prakhyaapichu. washington attorni general bob ferguzen cases phayal cheyyaanulla uddeshyam ariyichu.
newyorkkile sneedermaante neethrthwathilulla irupathirandu samsthaanangalum columbia jilla 2018 januvari 16 nuu eph. sii. siyude vidhikkethire columbia surcuted jillaykku vendi yunaittad stetts kodathiyil oru aupachaarika cases phayal cheythu, ithu "ekapaksheeyavum vichithravum vivechanaadhikaarathinte durupayogavumaanu" ennum ashayavinimaya sevanangale chuttipattiyulla niyamangalude "thettayathum yukthirahithavumaya vyaakhyaanam" kaaranam eph. sii. sii internettu aaksasine taittil II-nekkaal taittil I sevanamaayi thettayi tharamthirichuvennum paranju. eph. sii. siyude vidhi ithuvare federal rajistarinullil prasidheekarichittil ennathinaal 2018 februvariyude thudakkathil prarambha filing pinvalichu. 2018 februvariyil puthiya eph. sii. sii niyamangal prasidheekarichukazhinjaal, samsthaanangalum columbia jilla mossilla foundeshanum vimeoyum mattu niravadhi samsthaana, praadeshika sthaapanangalum abhibhaashaka grouppukalum chernnu 2018 februvari 22 nuu cases veendum phayal cheythu. kesukalellaam "mossilla vii. eph. sii. sii. ".
ejansi nirnnayicha niyamangal niyamavirudhavum budhishoonyavumaanennu kammeeshante theerumaanam randaamathaayi oohikkaan kaaryamaaya kaaranamonnum nalkaathathinaal, cases nirasikkanamenn kodathiyodu abhyarthichu 2018 october 12 nuu eph. sii. sii prathirodham purappeduvichu. prarambha kodathi hearingukal 2019 februvari 1 nuu nadannu. sarkkar adachupoottal srishticha vibhavangalude abhavam kaaranam vaadam punakrameekarikkaan eph. sii. sii abhyarthichirunnuvena eee abhyarthana dii nirasichu.sii. jilla kodathi. moonnu jadjimark munbaake nadanna hearingle, eph. sii. siye velluvilikkunna samsthaanangal nettu neutraalittiyumaayi bandhapetta prasnangal charcha cheyyuka mathramalla, theerumaanathilekku varunnathinayi pothujanangalude abhipraayangal thiranjedutthu avalokanam cheyyanamennum eph. sii. sii. yodu aavasyappettu, athinaal "yukthisahamaya theerumaanamedukkalil earppedaanulla utharavaadithathil parajayappettu". thangalude upayokthaakkalkk uyarnna nilavaaramulla sevanangal nalkunnathinu aniyanthrithamaaya sameepanathinte aavasyakathayundennum malsaraadhishtitha bhooprakrithi kanakkiledukkumbol upayokthaakkalkk poornna internettinekkaal kuranjathu onnum vaagdaanam cheyyaan kazhiyillennum aii. ezz. pii. ezz vaadichu.
appeel kodathi 2019 october 1 nuu vidhi purappeduvichu. supreme kodathiyil ninnulla muun "brand ex" vidhiyude adisthaanathil internettu sevanathe 1 enna peril punarvarggeekarikkaan eph. sii. sick kazhivundennu kodathi vidhichu, athinte 2017 leeii niyama maattam nilanilkkaan anuvadichu. ennirunnaalum, 2018 leeii camp theepidutthatthil aadyam prathikarikkunnavarude kazhivukale baadhicha throttal aashayavinimayangalude udaaharanam upayogichu pothu surakshayil nettu neutraalittiyude swaadheenam vilayiruthunnathil eph. sii. sii athinte kadama avaganichathaayi abhiprayam prasthaavichu. eee niyamangal yoottility pooll accessineo thaazhnna varumaanamulla lifeline prograam polulla mattu prograamukaleyo engane baadhichuvennum eph. sii. sii abhisambodhana cheythitillennum abhiprayam paranju. telecommunication act vazhi kongras eph. sii. sick atharam adikaarangalonnum nalkiyittillaathathinaal nettu neutraality nadappilaakkunnathinulla samsthaanathala nadapadikalodulla niyamatthinte parimithikal ozhivaakki kodathi eph. sii. sii. yethire vidhichu. paraathikkaare pinthunaykkunna vividha bhagangal appeel kodathiyil ninnu oru enbank vaadam kelkkaan abhyarthichappol, 2020 februvariyil kodathi ithu nirasichu.
2018 leeii yuu. ezz. senatt votteduppu.
2018 januvariyil, ambathu yunaittad stetts senattarmaar kongras review act (cra) prakaram niyamaparamaaya nadapadiye amgeekarichu, taittil II nettu neutraality raddaakkunnathu pinvalichu. eee sramam janaadhipathya senattarmaar munnott kondupoyenkilum avarkk moonnu republican senattarmaaraaya susanne collins, lisa murkovsky, joonn kenneddy ennivarude pinthunayum labhichirunnu. 2018 meyy 16 nuu senattil pasakia nettu neutraality punasthaapikkunnathinulla prameyam. ennirunnaalum, car vazhi samanamaaya niyamanirmmaana nadapadi pasakkanulla prathinidhikalude sabhayude sramangal sthambhichu; janaadhipathya prathinidhikal eee vishayathil vottu nirbandhikkunnathinaayi oru discharge harjiyil mathiyaya oppukal nedaan shramichirunnu, pakshe 2018 joonode, 46 oppukal kuravaayirunnu, pradhaanamaayum pakshapathaparamaaya reethiyil. nettu neutraality raddaakkunna puthukkiya eph. sii. sii utharavu 2018 juun 11 muthal audyogikamaayengilum, theerumaanam pinvalikkaan sabhaykku nadapadiyedukkaamaayirunnu, ennaal sii. aarr. eiii pasakkiyalum nadapadi rashtrapathy oppuvaykkendathundu. ennirunnaalum, prathinidhi sabha pravarthikkunnathinu munbu kongras kaalavadhi avasaanichu, ithu kraa velluvili thadanju.
california nettu neutraality niyamam (2018).
vividha samsthaanangal nettu neutraality niyamangalude pathippukal nadappaakkiyittundengi, iva kooduthalum eph. sii. sii nischayichittulla maanadandangalkkanusrithayi pravartthikkunnu. eph. sii. siyude pinvalicalil, eph. sii. sii theerumaanathe marikadakkaan samsthaanangalkku adhikaaramillenn avakaashappedunna bhasha vidhiyil ulppedunnu. eee vyavastha thettaanenn niyama vidagdhar vishwasikkunnu, koodaathe nettu nyootraalittiyekkurittu effsisiyude theerumaanathe marikadakkaan samsthaanangale anuvadikkum, kaaranam bhasha broadband kaariyarukale niyanthrikkunnathil ninnu effsisy vichedikkunnu, athinaal avaa niyanthrikkunnathil ninnu samsthaanangale thadayunnathil ninnu avare anuvadikkukayumilla.
ellah nettu neutraality parirakshakalum eph. sii. sii raddaakkiyathinethudarnnu, california stettu senattar scott winer ezz. bii. 822 avatharippichu, ithu 2015 leeii ooppan internettu oordarinte ellah samrakshanangalum samagramaayi punasthaapichu. samsthaana niyamasabhayilum samsthaana senattilum dvimukha pinthunayode bill pasakkukayum 2018 septambar 30 nuu govarnor jerry braun athu niyamathil oppidukayum cheythu. broadband internettu daathaakkalkkaayi niyamangal srishtikkaan kongras eph. sii. sick eaka adikaaram nalkiyennu vaadichu, athu oppuvacha athe divasam thanne, us neethinyaaya vakupp niyamam nirthalaakkaan california samsthaanathinethire cases phayal cheythu. kurachu divasangalkku sesham, pradhana yunaittad stetts terrestrial, mobail communication carrierukal, yunaittad stetts telecom association, sii. tii. aii. eiii, enn. sii. tii. eiii, american cable association ennivaye prathinidheekarikkunna naalu lobying grouppukalum internettu daathaakkale niyantrikkaan samsthaanathinu adhikaaramillenn avakaashappett neethinyaaya vakuppinu samanamaaya kaaranangalal california samsthaanathinethire cases phayal cheythu. 
eph. sii. siyude theerumaanathekkurichulla niyamanadapadi theerppaakkunnathuvare niyama nirvvahanam nirtthivaykkaan kaaliforniyayumaayi dhaaranayilethiyathaayi samsthaanavum eph. sii. siyum 2018 october 26 nuu prakhyaapichu. nadappaakkiyittillengile 2019 januvari 1nuu bill praabalyatthil vannu.
2019 oktobarile theerumaanathode mossilla vii. samsthaana nettu neutralitic 2017leeii utharavinte samboornna nirodhanam asaadhuvaakkiya eph. sii. sii. yuu.ezz. sarkkarum aii. ezz. pii vyapara grouppukalum 2020 augustil avarude cases punaraarambhichu, cases avasanikkunnathuvare kaaliforniyayude niyamam nadappaakkunnathu thadayunnathinulla praadhamika utharavu thedunnu. ennirunnaalum, 2021 ll joou biden presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettathinnethu, bidante puthiya neethinyaaya vakupp velluviliyil ninnu pinmari, aii. ezz. pii vyapara grouppukalkku cases thudaraan vittu. thudarnnu, velluviliyil aii. ezz. pii vyapara grouppukal vijayikkaan saadhyathayilla ennathinte adisthaanathil california niyamam praabalyatthil varaan anuvadikkunna 2021 februvari 23 nuu oru vidhiyil jadji praadhamika utharavu nirasichu. kaaliforniyayude nettu neutraality niyamam nadappaakkunnathu thudaraamennum theerumaanatthinte adisthaanathil internettu sevanangale vivara sevanangalayi tharamthirichirikkunnathil eph. sii. sii. kku avaa asaadhuvaakkaan kazhiyillennum onpathaam surcuted 2022 januvariyil ekakandamaayi vidhichu. 2022 meyy maasathode vyapara grouppukal niyamathinethiraaya cases upekshichu.
save dhaa internettu act (2019).
janaadhipathya senattarmaarum prathinidhikalum 2019 march aadyam kongrasinte irusabhakalilum save dhii internettu niyamam avatharippichu. eee niyamam pasakkiyaal, 2015 leeii ooppan internettu oordar raddaakkunnathinum 2015 leeii ooppan internettu oordar niyamamaayi krodeekarikkunnathinum 2017 leeii eph. sii. sii utharavu raddaakkukayum niyamathil kooduthal mattangal varuthaathe samanamaaya mattangal varuthunnathil ninnu eph. sii. siye thadayukayum cheyyum. ithu valare theevramaanennu thangalkk thonnunnuvennum billinu pinthuna nalkaan saadyathayillennum republican niyamanirmmathaakkal soochippichu. 2019 epril 10 nuu nadanna <aii. dii. 1> votteduppil bill sabhaye paasaakkiyenkilum republican niyantritha senattile rund nethaakkalum annathe president trump billinte paas thadayumennu soochippichu.
biden bharanathinu keezhil (2021-innuvare).
2021 januvariyil joou biden prasidantaayathode athe maasamaan ajith paii eph. sii. siyil ninnu pinmarunnathaayi prakhyaapichathu. obaama kaalaghattatthil eph. sii. siyilekku niyamithayaaya jessica rosenvorsal acting chairpersonaayi biden thiranjedukkappettu. muun eph. sii. sii vidhikalil nettu neutraalittiyude oru shabda vakthavaayirunnu rosenvorsel.
2021 juulai 9 nuu, executive braanchiludaneelamulla vipulamaaya samrambhangalaya "american sambadvyavasthayil malsaram prolsaahippikkuka" enna peril biden oppuvachu. avayil trump bharanakaalathu raddakia nettu neutraality niyamangal punasthaapikkaan eph. sii. sii. kku nalkia nirddeshangalum ulppedunnu.
lamghanangal.
pala broadband oopparettarmaarum avarude varikkaarude pravarthanangalkku vividha karar paridhikal earppeduthi. ettavum ariyappedunna udaaharanangalil, cox cable vertual praivat netvarkkukaludeyum (vpns) eiii. tii. aandu tii. yudeyum upayokthaakkale achadakkam paalicha cable oopparettarmaar, hoome netvarkkinginaayi vaifai sevanam upayogikkunnathu "sevana moshanam" aanennum federal kuttakrithyamaanennum upabhokthaakkalkk munnariyipp nalki. komkaast vpncinte thuramukhangal thadanju, udaaharanathinu, thangalude jeevanakkaarkk vidoora jolikalkkaayi thadassamillaatha broadband axus undennu urappakkaan telecommunication daathaakkalumaayi karar undakkaan washington samsthaanathe nirbandhitharaakki. mattu broadband daathaakkal uyarnna sevana nilavaarathinu (uyarnna network munganana, vegathayeriyatho kooduthal pravachikkaavunnatho) pakaramaayi sevanavum ulladakka daathaakkalum charge cheyyaan nirddeshichu, ithu oru tyred internettu ennariyappedunnu.
2005ll north carolina aii. ezz. pii maadisan rivar communications voys-ovar-internettu protocol (vii. oo. aii. pii) sarvees voneju thadanju. eph. sii. sii maadisan nadikku anweshana kathu nalki anweshanam aarambhichu. vyavaharangal ozhivakkaan, maadisan rivar pathinayyairam dollar swamedhayaa nalkaan sammathikkukayum voy pii aaplikkeshanukalkkaayi upayogikkunna thuramukhangal thadayaano thadayaano sammathikkukayum cheythu.
voy aii pii aaplikkeshanukal upayogikkunna upabhokthakkal. sammathapathram anusarichu, "eee sammathapathram gunanilavaarathekkurichu oru vidhinyaayamo niyamathinteyum kammeeshante utharavukaludeyum niyamangaludeyum aavasyakathakal palikkukayo paalikkaathirikkukayo cheiyunnathumaayi bandhapetta vasthuthaaparamo niyamaparamo aaya kandethalo allennu kakshikal sammathikkunnu. eee sammathapathram othutheerppu aavasyangalkku maathramullathaanennu kakshikal sammathikkunnu."
2012 septambaril, swatantra maadyamangal, public nolaj, nyoo america foundeshante ooppan teknolaji instittyoott thudangiya oru koottam pothuthaalpparya samghadanakal eph. sii. sii. yill parati nalki, pazhayathum paridhiyillaathathum allengil nirakkukalullathumaaya dattaa plaanukal ozhikeyullavarkku sellular netvarkkukalil aappilinte viidiyoo conferencing aaplikkeshan faistime upayogikkunnathu niyanthrikkunnathiloode eiii. tii. aandu tii nettu neutraality niyamangal lamghikkunnu. eph. sii. sii prathikaranam ingane abhiprayappettu "eee report ooppan internettu oordarinekkurichulla niyamaparamaaya vyaakhyaanangalil earppedaan shramikkunnillenkilum, eee mobail broadband nettvarkkukale parambaraagatha sthira netvarkkukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi oordar pariganikkunnuvennu njangal shradhikkunnu. sthiravum mobail broadband daathaakkalum avarude maanejment reethikal velippeduthendathunde, mobail broadband daathaakkalkku upakaranangalum aaplikkeshanukalum thadayunnathinum (avar daathaavinte swantham voys allengil viidiyoo telephony sevanangalumayi malsarikkaathidatholam kaalam) avar engane traaphik sevikkunnu ennathil vivechanam kaanikkunnathinum kooduthal akshaamshamund."
niyamanirmmaanathinu shramichu.
nettu neutraality niyanthranangalumaayi bandhapetta vaadangal 2002 madhyathil eee vishayathil 2006 num 2013 num idayil ombathu vyathyastha billukal avatharippichathode praadhaanyathilaayi. eee nirddeshangal internettu daathaakkalkkaayi puthiya niyamangalum niyanthranangalum aarambhikkumenn vyavasaya udyogasthar parayunnu.
2009 october 22 nuu seen. mccain (aarr-aas) 2009 leeii internettu freedam act (kall) avatharippichu. 1836). internettine niyanthrikkunna niyamangal nadappaakkunnathil ninnu eph. sii. siye bill vilakkum. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, bill paasaakkukayaanenkil, network allengil "nettu" neutraality niyamangal internettil adichelppikkunnathil ninnu eph. sii. siye thadayum. prathyekichum, bill bhashayil ingane parayunnu "eph. sii. sii internettumaayo aipi-praapthamakkiya sevanangalumaayo bandhapetta eathenkilum niyanthranangal nirddeshikkukayo prakhyaapikkukayo purappeduvikkukayo cheyyilla. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, bill pasakkiyaal, internettine niyanthrikkunna niyamangal nadappilaakkunnathil ninnu eph. sii. siye vilakkum-allengil nettu neutralitic ethiraayirikkum.
2011 januvari 5nuu rund aanti-nettu neutraality billukal avatharippichu. aadyathe bill echu aayirunnu.aarr. 96, internettu freedam act, prathinidhi avatharippichu. blackbane (aarr-tn), arupathiladhikam kosponsarukalulla (ellaavarum republican aanu). echu.aarr. 96 internettinte niyanthranam kongrasinte adhikaaraparidhiyilaanennum allathe eph. sii. siyude adhikaaraparidhiyilallennum urappichu eph. sii. sii. yude nettu neutraality sambandhicha baranakramam desember 21 nuu paasaakkiyathine thallikkalayunnu.
randaamathe bill, echu.aarr. 166, internettu nikshepam, naveekaranam, malsara samrakshana niyamam-prathinidhi avatharippichu. cliff sterns (aarr-efl), prathinidhikal saha sponsor cheiyunnu. blackbane. internettino vivara sevanangalkko niyanthranam earppeduthunnathil ninnu eph. sii. siye nirodhikkanum bill shramikkunnu.iii. vipani paraajayamaanennu theliyikkappettillettil nettu neutraality niyamangal adichelppikkuka).
2011 januvari 25nuu proo-nettu neutraality bill-ezz. 74, internettu swaathanthryam, broadband pramoshan, upabhokthru samrakshana niyamam 2011-seen avatharippichu. kaantvel (dii-vaa), seen saha-sponsor cheiyunnu. franken (dii-emm. enn). 2009 novemberil nirddishta niyamangal nirmmikkunna (enn. pii. aarr. emm) sambandhicha eph. sii. sii. ariyippil vivarichirikkunna eph. sii. siyude aarr nettu neutraality thathwangal (ithu aall. eiii. pinthunachu) bill krodikarikkum.
sthaanangal.
amerikkayil niyamaprakaaram nettu neutraality aavashyamaano ennathinekkurichu vipulamaaya charchakal nadannittundu. eee vishayathekkurichulla charcha eee padam roopappedunnathinu munbaanu. internettu aaplikkeshanukalum ulladakkavum (udha.jii. websiteukal, sevanangal, protocolukal), koodaathe athiraalikale thadayunnathinum. nettu neutraality niyanthranangal broadband infrastructure mechappeduthunnathinulla nikshepathe thadayumennum thakarkkappedaatha enthengilum pariharikkan sramikkumennum athiraalikal avakaashappedunnu.
2014ll harward loow skoolile niyama, saankethika vidagthanaaya professor susanne crofford, nettu neutraality aashankakalkku munisippal broadband oru saadhyamaaya parihaaramaakaamenn nirddeshichu.
nettu neutraalittiyude pinthuna.
nettu neutralitye pinthunaykkunna samghadanakal vaividhyamaarnna rashtreeya pashchaathalangalil ninnullavayaan, athil moovan polulla grouppukal ulppedunnu.oorgu, free pras, kansyoomar federation oof america, aarpp, american library association, public nolaj, media axus project, kristhyan alayans, technet, american sivil liberties union, electronic frontier foundeshan, greenpease, tumbler, kikkstaarttar, vimeo, vikia, mossilla foundeshan, niya. oppam mattullavar.
internettu protocolinte saha-kandupiduthakkaranaaya vintan serf; waled wide webinte srashtaavaaya timm bernezhs-liie; niyama professor timm vuu; netflix ceo reed hashings; tumbler sthaapakan david carp; free pras president craig aaron; joonn perry barlo; eee prashnathekkurichu rund poornna dairkhyamulla "kazhinja aazhcha innu ratri" vibhagangal srishticha "kazhinja aazhcha innu ratri" avatharakanaaya joonn olivar ennivaraanu nettu neutraalittiyude pramukha pinthunakkaar. facebook, aamason, microsopht, google ennivayaanu nettu neutralitye pinthunaykkunna mattu websiteukal. 
2017 desemberil, republican vottarmaarude 75 sathamaanavum, janaadhipathya vottarmaarude 89 sathamaanavum, swatantra vottarmaarude 86 sathamaanavum ulppede 83 sathamaanam watermar nettu neutraality niyamangal paalikkunnathine pinthunachu.
americaykku purathu, niravadhi rajyangal nettu neutraality protocolukal neekkam cheyyukayum ulladakkam (orikkal upabhokthavinum veendum ulladakka daathaakkalkkum) athikkunnathinu eratta charge eedaakkaan thudangukayum cheythu. ithu chila internettu aaksasinu aavashyamaaya tollinu thulyamaanu, ithu ellah aalukalkkum, prathyekichu thaazhnna varumaanamulla kudumbangalkk labhyamaayathenthaanennu parimithappedutthunnu.
komkaast polulla daathaakkal avarude mail chumathaan uddeshikkunna chelavu vardhanavu ithinakam thanne susthaapithamaaya valia kambanikale baadhichekkilla, pakshe ithu cherukida bisinasukaleyum staarttappukale prolsaahippikkaanulla internettinte kazhivineyum shaashvathamaayi adichamarthum. nettu neutraality illaayirunnengil facebook, google, aamason thudangiya saittukalkk athijeevikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnilla ennu palarum choondikkaanichittundu. pothujanagalkk oonlain viidiyoo prabhashanangal vaagdaanam cheiyunna soujanya websaittaaya mitts ooppankoorsveyar polulla vidyaabhyaasa ulladakkam ulppede bhaaviyile websait naveekaranangalkk eathu tharatthilulla deerghakaala naashanashtamaan undaakuka ennathinekkurichulla aashankakal eareyaanu.
american library association president barbera stripping parayunnu "school, pothu, koleju librarikal school homework assainmentukal, vidoora patana klaasukal, iii-gavanment sevanangal, licensulla daattabesukal, thozhil pariseelana veediyokal, medical, shaasthreeya gaveshanam, mattu niravadhi avashya sevanangal ennivaykkaayi thurannathum thaangaanaavunnathumaaya internettu aaksasinte pothu labhyathaye aasrayikkunnu, vinodathinum mattu vaanijya ofarukalkkum oonlain vidyaabhyaasa ulladakkathilekkulla athe gunanilavaaramulla praveshanam naam urappaakkanam."
munpu nilavilundaayirunna eph. sii. sii niyamangal munganana chikilsaykku ("phaast lineukal" ennu vilikkappedunnava) pakaramaayi chila ulladakka daathaakkalil ninnu phees eedaakkunnathil ninnu telecommunication kambanikale thadayunnilla. supreme kodathi cases tainer broadcasting vii. yill nirbandhamaayum vahikkenda mungami pinthudarnnu, nishpakshatha abhibhaashakar timm vuu, laurence lessig ennivar eee vishayathil eph. sii. sick niyanthrana adikaaram undennu vaadichu. federal communications kammeeshan.
telecom kambanikal pipeline niyanthrikkunnathinum athuvazhi malsaram neekkam cheiyunnathinum krithrima shaamam srishtikkunnathinum varikkaare avarude malsararahitha sevanangal vaangaan nirbandhikkunnathinum oru nira sevana maathruka adichelppikkaan sramikkunnuvennu nettu neutraality vakthaakkal vaadikkunnu. nilavile internettu swaathanthryangal samrakshikkunnathinu nettu neutraality praadhamikamaayi pradhaanamaanennu palarum vishwasikkunnu; nettu neutraalittiyude abhavam komkaast polulla internettu sevana daathaakkale netflix polulla ulladakka daathaakkalil ninnu payment edukkaan anuvadikkum, eee chaarjukal aathyanthikamayi upabhokthaakkalkk kaimar.
maattatthinte niram, deseeya hyspanic maadyama sakhyam thudangiya pouraavakaasha samghadanakal, varnna samoohangalkku nettu neutralityum pradhaanamaanennu vaadikkunnu, kaaranam ithu avarude swantham kathakal parayanum "vamsheeyavum saamoohikavumaaya neethikkaayi samghadippikkaanum" anuvadikkunnu."mukhyadharaa maadyamangalil bhooribhaagavum eee nyoonapakshangale pradarshippikkunnilla, athinaal eee aalukalkk eathenkilum tharatthilulla prakshepana kendram nalkunnathinu internettu thurakkendathu pradhaanamaanennu eee samghadanakal vishwasikkunnu.  angane cheiyunnathiloode, avarude shabdangal kelkkaan kazhiyum, kaaranam munkootty soochippicha aispukalkku "janapreethiyillaatha samsaarathe thadayaanum vimatha shabdangal oonlainil swathanthramaayi samsaarikkunnathil ninnu thadayaanum kazhiyum."thalphalamaayi, nettu neutraality oru saankethika vivaadamaayi mathramalla, oru saamoohika vivaadamaayi mariyirikkunnu.
nettu neutraalittiyile effsisiyude nilapaadil prathishedhamaayi ariyappedunna effsisi aipi vilaasangalil ninnu avarude cytilekkulla upayokthru praveshanam mandagathiyilaakkiya coode cherthathaayi 2014 meyy maasathil chila websiteukal sammathichu.
kazhinja aazhcha innu ratri" enna thante shoyil, olivar 2014-ll shoyude aadya seasonil aadyamaayi nettu neutraality prashnam etteduthu. 13 dasalaksham kaazhchakalode eee episode yootyoobil vairalaavukayum eph. sii. sii websaittil 45,000 abhipraayangalkk prerippikkukayum cheythu. 2016leeii kansyoomar electronics shoyil, muun eph. sii. sii chairman toom wheeler olivarinte episode nettu neutraality prashnatthile oru vazhithirivayi udharichu. joonn olivar athyanthikamaaya nigoodamaaya vishayamaaya taittil II edukkukayum aalukalkk thaalparyam thonnunna onnaayi athu maattukayum cheythu. athu nallathaanu.niyanthranatthil ninnu mochanam nedaamenna chairman paiyude vaagdaanathinu marupadiyaayi 2017 meyy 7 nuu olivar nettu neutraality vishayathilekku madangi. svayam domaine vaangikkond eph. sii. sii websaittil veendum abhiprayam parayaan addeham kaazhchakkaare prerippichu.16 laksham sambhavanakal nediya coom.
parambaraagatha wired allengil wireless saankethikavidyakalkku vipareethamaayi upagraham vazhi internettu axus vaagdaanam cheiyunnathiloode cable kambanikalude lobying sakthiye kuraykkaan kazhiyunna onnaayi eloon maskinte staarlinkinte munnettatthe chilar paraamarshichittundu.
chila graamapradesangalil nettu neutraality illaathe connectivity valare kuravo illayo aayirikkum, ithu kaarshika softweyarinte upayogam asaadhyamo asaadhyamo akkunnu.
nettu neutralittikkethiraaya ethirppu.
muun eph. sii. sii kammeeshanar ajith paii, freedam works foundeshan, dhaa reeson foundeshan, onniladhikam saankethika kambanikal, voy pii pioneermaaraaya daniel berninger, jeff pulver, electronic frontier foundeshan sthaapakan joonn perry barlo, sarkkar maalinyathinethiraaya pouranmaar ennivar nettu neutralitye ethirkkunnu.
nettscape sthaapakanum venchwar capitalistumaaya maarkk andreesen, internettu protocol bob qaan, pepal sthaapakanum facebook nikshepakanumaaya peettar theel, mitt media laab sthaapakan nicolas neegroponde, internettu enchineeyarum eph. sii. sii david faarbarinte muun cheef teknolajistum, nobel sammana saambathika shaasthranjan gaari becker ennivarum pramukha athiraalikalil ulppedunnu.
nettu neutraality niyanthranangale ethirkkunna samghadanakalilum kambanikalilum niravadhi pradhana saankethika hardware kambanikal, cable, telecommunication kambanikal, noorukanakkinu cherukida internettu sevana daathaakkal, vividha think taankukal, niravadhi pouraavakaasha grouppukal ennivayum mattullavayum ulppedunnu.
veraison, eiii. tii. aandu. tii, komkaast thudangiya kambanikal nettu neutraalittiyude ettavum valia athiraalikalaanu. vaasthavathil, 2005 muthal eee kambanikal nettu neutraalittikkethire googilum microsophtum polullavar athinaayi lobby cheythathinekkaal moonniratti lobby cheythittundu. 2005 muthal 2013 vare, aanti-neutraality kambanikal nettu-neutraalittikkethire lobby cheyyaan 427 reportukal phayal cheythathayi sthithivivarakkanakkukal kaanikkunnu, athesamayam 176 reportukal maathramaan athinaayi phayal cheythath.
nettu neutraality vyavasaya lobistukalkku gunam cheyyumennum upabhokthakkalallennum athiraalikal vaadikkunnu, kaaranam nilavilulla thalpparyangal samrakshikkunna nayangalumayi regulatory pidichedukkaanulla saadhyathayaanu. muun hedge fund manejar pathrapravartthakanumaaya andy kessler vaadichathu, puthiya niyamanirmmaanathinu pakaram telecommunication daathaakkalkkethiraaya pramukha domaininte bheeshaniyaanu malsaravum mikacha sevanangalum nirbandhikkunnathinulla ettavum nalla sameepanam ennaanu. oru print parasyam upabhokthru anukoola padangalil internettu sandeshathil ninnu kaimaattam cheiyunnu. "nettu neutraality ennaal valia oonlain kambanikalude vihitam vahikkunnathinaayi upabhokthakkal avarude internettu aaksasinu kooduthal panam nalkunnathil kudungikkidakkum", parasyam avakaashappedunnu.
2005 novemberil edward vaitaakar juuniyar.ezz. bii. sii kammyoonikkeshansinte cheef executive offeesaraaya addeham, "avar upayogikkunna bhaagathinu panam nalkaan eee paippukal upayogikkunnavarkk" [internettu upstaarttukalkk] enthengilum samvidaanam undaayirikkendathunde "internettu aaa ardhathil soujanyamaayirikkillennum", kaaranam njangalum cable kambanikalum oru nikshepam nadathiyittundu ", ithu oru kadutha charchaykku kaaranamaayi. vaitaakkarine thettayi vyaakhyaanichuvennum addehathinte abhipraayangal puthiya thalatthilulla sevanangale maathram paraamarsikkunnuvennum ezz. bii. sii vakthaav maikkal balmoris paranju. cable television, telephone vyavasaayangal nettu neutraality niyamangale pothuve ethirkkunnu.
nettu neutraality athiraalikalaaya ibm, intal, junippar, kwalkom, sisko enniva broadband infrastructurilekkula nikshepathe nettu neutraality thadayumennu avakaashappedunnu, "taittil II lake maarunnath ardhamaakkunnathu sambadvyavasthayude mattu mekhalakale munnott nayikkunna kodikkanakkinu broadband nikshepathinu pakaram, eee chelavil undaakunna eathoru kuravum muzhuvan sambadvyavasthayiludaneela valarchaye thadassappeduthum ennaanu. taittil II broadband nirmmaanatthil oru maandyathilekku nayikkaan pookunnu, oru pidi allengilum, kaaranam ningalude nikshepathil ninnu veendedukkaan kazhiyumennu ningalkkariyillenkil, ningalkk athu nedanavilla."mattullavar eee niyanthranam" "nilavilillaattha oru prashnathinu phalapradamallaatha oru parihaaramaan" "ennu vaadikkunnu".
sevanathinte gunanilavaaram urappunalkunnathu polulla kaaranangalal daatta vivechanam abhikaamyamaanennu nettu neutraalittiyude vimarshakar vaadikkunnu. internettu protocolinte saha-kandupiduthakkaranaaya bob qaan nettu neutraality enna padatthe oru mudraavaakyamaayi vilikkukayum athu sthaapikkunnathine ethirkkukayum cheiyunnu, ennaal ithu mattu pankaalikalkk ozhivaakkappedumbozhellam nettinte vighadanathinu thaan ethiraanennu addeham sammathikkunnu. internettu protocolinte sahasthaapakanaaya vintt serf, nettu nyootraalittiyekkurittu avarude sthaanangalekkurichulla ashayakkuzhappam vishadeekarikkunnu, "ningal oro paakkattineyum orepole pariganikkendathundu ennu parayunna chila vaadangalumundu. nammalil aarum angane paranjittilla. allengil kooduthal upayogathinaayi ningalkk kooduthal nirakk eedaakkaan kazhiyilla. njangalum athu paranjittilla."
badal eph. sii. sii nirddeshangal.
1934leeii ashayavinimaya niyamatthinte randaam thalakkettil internettu sevanathe oru telecommunication sevanamaayi churukkamaayi punarvarggeekarikkunna oru badal nilapad 2010ll annathe eph. sii. sii kammeeshanar juuliyas jenachovsky nirddeshichu. yukthirahithamaya vivechanam thadayukayum pothu vandi enna aashayathin keezhil nyayamaaya nettu neutraality nayangal nirbandhamaakkukayum cheiyunna sahishnuthayude niyama thathwathinu keezhil aarr pothu carrier niyamangal maathrame ithu baadhakamaakoo. nilavile isp aandu tii eee ashayathe ethirthu, saadhaarana carrier niyanthranangal "innathe broadband internettu axus daathaakkale 20-aamm noottaandile oru thettaaya regulatory sailoilekku koottiyinakkum" ennu paranjappol google effsisi nirddeshathe pinthunachu "prathyekichum, moonnaamathe maargam niyamaparamaaya urappum niyanthrana pravachanatheethathayum prolsaahippikkukayum nikshepam prolsaahippikkukayum deseeya broadband padhathiyude valia vaagdaanam commission niravettaan kazhiyumennu urappakkukayum ardhavathaaya nadappaakkaliloode ulppede ellah broadband upayokthaakkaleyum samrakshikkanum sevikkanum kammeeshane praapthamaakkukayum cheyyum."
2014 octoberil, prarambha nirddesham nirasichathinushesham, effsisi eee vishayathil oru hibrid regulatory sameepanam sweekarikkunna oru puthiya nirddesham thayyarakkan thudangi. eee badal ithuvare vitharanam cheythittillenkilum, "motha", "chillara" edapaadukal thammil oru vibhajanam undennu nirddeshikkunnu. niyamaprakaaram adisthaanamaakkiyulla vyakthamaaya niyamangal vyakthamaakkunnathin, 1934 leeii ashayavinimaya niyamathile taittil II-nte punarvarggeekaranavum 1996 leeii telecommunication niyamathile sekshan 706-nte bhaagangalum ulppedum. ulladakka dathavum ispkalum thammil ayaykkunna daattayil ispkalum upabhokthaakkalum thammilulla edapaadukale apekshichu karsanamaaya niyanthranangal ulppedum, athil kooduthal kuranja paaraamettarukal ulppedum. anyayamaaya nettangal ozhivakkaan ulladakka daathaakkalum isps thammil dattaa phaast leyne vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinulla niyanthranangal nadappaakkum. eph. sii. sii report cheytha moonnu oopshanukalil ettavum janapriyamaaya parihaaramaayi eee hibrid nirddesham maari. ennirunnaalum, "taittil II-nte eathenkilum upayogam prasnakaramaakum" ennu tveettiloode pothujanagalkk ithinakam munnariyipp nalkia eiii. tii. aandu tii polulla aii. ezz. pii. kall eee parihaarathe tharkkikkumenn prathekshikkunnu. 2014 avasaanathode audyogika nirddesham parasyamaakumenn abhyoohamundaayirunnu.
niyamanirmmaanathinethire munnariyipp nalkunna abhipraayangal.
2006ll bittarantinte srashtaavaaya bram kohan paranju, "internettu yadhaartha sensorship ulla television poleyaakaan njaan theerchayaayum agrahikkunnilla... ennirunnaalum, aii. ezz. pii. kalkk spam upekshikkaano nirthano kazhiyaathavidham athu nirmmikkunnath pole, asambandhathinu kaaranamaakaatha network neutraality niyamangal yadhaarthathil srishtikkunnathu "valare budhimuttaanu"... akramanangal."
2007 juunil, us federal trade kammeeshan (eph. tii. sii) nettu neutraality abhibhaashakar nirddeshicha puthiya niyanthranangalumaayi bandhappett samyamanam palikkaan abhyarthichu, "broadband vyavasaayam thaarathamyena cheruppavum vikasichukondirikkunathu onnaanu", koodaathe "kaaryamaaya vipani paraajayamo broadband daathaakkalude perumaattatthil ninnu upabhokthaavin doshamo prakadamaakkiyittathillaathil" atharam niyanthranangal "avarude vakthaakkalude nalla uddeshyangal undaayirunnittum upabhokthru kshemathil prathikoola phalangal undakkaam."2007 septambaril seen kongrasil eftisi nigamanangale chodyam cheythu. bairon dorgan, dii-enn.dii.vila vivechanamulla oru samvidaanathil googilinu aarambikkaan kazhiyaathathinal puthiya sevanangal thakarppanthaanennu thaan bhayappedunnuvennu senatt antharsamsthaana vaanijya, vyapara, tourism upasamithi chairman eph. tii. sii cheyar vuman deborah plait majerosinode paranju.
2011ll aattomik labs enna internettu kambaniyile niyama udyogasthayaaya aparna watal, "prathyakshamaaya niyanthrana prathisandhiyodu niyamanirmmaanaparamaayi prathikarikkanulla" eathu aagrahatheyum prathirodhikkunnathin moonnu pooyintukal munnottuvachu. onnamathaayi, "pothu abhipraayathinu virudhamaayi, komkaast theerumaanam aispukale niyantrikkaanulla kammeeshante adhikaarathe verode pizhutheriyunnilla. kammeeshan oru vaadamaayi udharichenkilum nadapadikramangalude adisthaanathil kodathi abhisambodhana cheyyaatha niyamathile 201 (bii) vakupp, broadband internettu sevanangal niyantrikkaan commission adikaaram nalkum, avide avaa "chaarjukal, sanbradaayangal, niyanthranangal enniva nalkunnu, koodaathe" pothu carrier sevanangal anyaayavum yukthirahithavumaan."randaamathaayi, network neutraality niyamaparamaayi nirbandhikkukayo allengil kammeeshan eee vishayathil pithrthvaparamaaya sameepanam sweekarikkukayo cheiyunnathu" "abhikaamyamallaathathum akaalavumaan" "ennu avar nirddeshikkunnu"... [kaaranam] innuvare prathyakshamaaya sambhavangal kuravaanu, aaa sambhavangalude chelavu upabhokthaakkalkk parimithamaanu."" "pettennulla maadhyamashradhayum pothujanangalude thirichadiyum" "aispukal gathagathakkurukkil ninnu thadayunnathinulla phalapradamaaya police upakaranangalayi avar udharikkunnu". network neutraality niyamangal avatharippikkunnathinekkaal kuranja chelavil isps maattaan upabhokthaakkale anuvadikkunnathinum avarude network maanejment reethikal velippeduthunnathinum isps aavasyappedunnathinumulla mithamaaya upabhokthru samrakshana niyamangal avatharippikkunnath pariganikkunnath kooduthal vivekapoornamaanennu avar nirddeshikkunnu."broadband sevanangal niyanthrikkunnathiloode kammeeshan internettile ulladakkavum aaplikkeshanukalum nerittu niyanthrikkunnillengum", punarvarggeekaranam ulladakkathe badhikkum. "internettinte vividha paalikal parasparam chernnu pravartthikkunnu, athinaal mattu paalikale baadhikkathe oru paaliyude prakadanam mechappeduthaano mechappeduthaano saadhyathayilla. ... internettumaayi bandhippikkunna broadband pipelineukal niyantrikkaan kammeeshane anuvadikkukayum avayiloode kadannupokunna daattaye niyanthrikkunnath parokshamaayi ulppedunnuvennu avaganikkukayum cheiyunnathu varum varshangalil "sankeernavum overlapping thakarnnathumaaya niyanthrana bhooprakrithiyilekku" nayikkum."
pariharikkappedaatha prasnangal.
2006 leeii kanakkanusarichu "nishpakshatha" yekkurichulla charcha vishayathinte chila manangal ithuvare pidichedukkiyittilla; udaaharanathinu, imeyil vahikkunna paakkattukalekkaal voys paakkattukalkk uyarnna munganana labhikkanamo atho emarjansi sevanangal, mission-critical allengil telly-medisin polulla jeevan rakshikkunna aaplikkeshanukalkku spaaminekkaal munganana labhikkanamo.
cable, dii. ezz. ell. ennivaykku pakaramullava.
samsthaanangaleyum munisippaalittikaleyum malsarikkunnathil ninnu nirodhikkunnathinum athuvazhi antharsamsthaana vaanijyathil edapedunnathinum oru federal munkoor nadapadiykkaayi cable kambanikal kongrasine lobby cheythu. ennirunnaalum, samsthaanangal avarude pouranmaarkkaayi bisinessilekku pookunna samsthaanangalude kongrassinte vaanijya adhikaarathinu oru apavaadathinu nilavile supreme kodathi maathrkayundu.
munisippal virelesso encryption, ooniyan ruting, time shifting dvr thudangiya mattu saankethika parihaarangalo vivechanathe vivaadamaakkaan paryaapthamaakillenn 2006 ll nirddeshikkappettu.
yoottility kambani niyanthranangal.
tennessi, chattanooga sevikkunna munisippal yoottilittiyaya epb, avar sevikkunna 600 chathurashra mile pradeshathinu purathulla communitykalilekku internettu ethikkaan anuvadikkanamennu effsiciode apekshichu. north karolinayile vilson samanamaaya oru harji nalki. eph. sii. sii udyogastharude abhipraayathil, chattanooga, vilson yoottilittikalude sevana pradeshangalkk purathu thaamasichirunna chila thaamasakkaarkk broadband sevanam labhyamayirunnilla. 2015 februvari 26leeii rund vidhikalilonn, munisippal broadbandinulla aaa samsthaanangalude niyanthranangal maattivechuvenkilum angane cheyyaanulla eph. sii. siyude adhikaarathinu niyamaparamaaya velluvilikal undakaan saadhyathayund.
samsthaanathala pravartthanangal.
nirddishta niyamanirmmaanathiloodeyo allengil nettu neutral sevanangal vaagdaanam cheiyunna internettu daathaakkalumaayi karaarukal sthaapikkaan samsthaana ejansikale aavasyappedunnathiloodeyo nettu neutraality uyarthippidikkaan oro samsthaanangalum nadapadikal sweekarichittundu. 2018 februvari 26 vareyulla executive utharavukaludeyum samsthaana thalangalil theerppaakkaatha nadapadikaludeyum avastha thaazhepparayunna reethiyil samgrahikkunnu

