
tuft sell

kudalile epithelial liningile keymosensory koshangalaan tuft cellukal. samanamaaya tufted koshangal brush cellukal ennariyappedunna shwasana eppitheeliyathil kaanapedunnu. koshangalil ninnu puranthallappedunna brush polulla microville aanu "tuft" enna peru soochippikkunnathu. saadhaaranayaayi valare kurachu tuft koshangal maathrame ulloovenkilum paraannabhojikalude anubaadhayude samayangalil avaa valareyadhikam vardhikkumennu theliyikkappettittund. paraannabhojikalude anubaadhaykkethiraaya prathirodhatthil tuft koshangalkk oru punk niravadhi padanangal nirddeshichittundu. kudalile tuft koshangalaan sravikkunna interlookkin 25 (aii. ell-25) yude eaka uravidam.
tuft sell specificationu vendi eiii. tii. oo. echu. 1 aavasyamaanu, pakshe pakwathayulla deferentiated avastha nilanirthunnathinu vendiyalla, koodaathe nochu nottu daun cheiyunnathu tuft cellukalude ennam vardhippikkunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu.
manushyante tuft cellukal.
manushyante dahananaalatthinte (jii. aii) muzhuvan neelavum tuft koshangalal niranjirikkunnu. kripttukalkkum villikalkkum idayilaanu eee cellukal sthithicheythirunnathu. ellah koshangaludeyum basel poolil dii. sii. ell. keey. 1 prakadippichirunnu. mruga padanangalil vivarichathupole avaykku athe roopaghadana illaayirunnu, pakshe avar oru appikkal brush boarder ore kanam kaanichu. synaptophysin, dii. sii. ell. keey. 1 ennivayude collocalisation duvodeenathil kandethi, ithu soochippikkunnathu eee koshangal eee pradeshathu neuroendocrine punk vahikkunnu ennaanu. kudal tuft koshangalude oru prathyeka adayaalamaanu microtuble kinace-double courtin polulla kinace 1 (dii. sii. ell. keey 1). eee kainesil positteev aaya tuft cellukal dahananaalathile chemosensation, veekkam ennivayil pradhaanamaan allengil kudalile parikkukalkk sesham attakuttappanikal nadatthaan kazhiyum.
pravartthanam.
tuft koshangalude punk manasilakkunnathinulla oru thacol avaa ruchi mukulangalile keymosensory koshangalumayi niravadhi savisheshathakal pankidunnu ennathaanu. udaaharanathinu, avaa niravadhi ruchi resepterukalum ruchi signalling upakaranangalum prakadippikkunnu. tuft koshangalkk avaykku chuttumulla niravadhi raasa signalukal manassilakkaan kazhiyunna chemoreseptive cellukalaayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyumennu ithu soochippikkaam. ennirunnaalum, kooduthal puthiya gaveshanangal soochippikkunnathu ruchi risapttar upakaranam vazhi tuft cellukalum sajeevamaakkaamenn. sasinettu, aeroalergenukal thudangiya vividha cheria thanmathrakalkkum iva pravarthanakshamamaakkaam. jaiva pravarthanangalkku pradhaanamaaya vividha thanmathrakal sravikkunnathaayi tuft koshangal ariyappedunnu. ekkaaranathaal, tuft cellukal apakada sensarukalaayi pravartthikkukayum jaivashaasthraparamaayi sajeevamaaya madhyastharude sravathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, avaa sravikkunna signalukalum madhyastharum poornnamaayum sandarbhathe aasrayichirikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, moothranaaliyilulla tuft koshangal ruchi risapttar sajeevamaakkunnathiloode kayperiya samyukthangalodu prathikarikkunnu. ithu intra sellular caa2 + vardhanavinum asattailkolin purathuvarunnathinum kaaranamaakunnu. ithu aduthulla mattu vividha koshangalude sajeevamaakkaline prerippikkunnuvennu karuthappedunnu, ithu pinneedu moothrasanchiyude detressor reflexilake moothrasanchiyude kooduthal shoonyathayilekkum nayikkunnu.
type-2 prathirodhasheshiyil tuft cellukal.
elikalude kudalile tuft koshangal paraannabhojikalude anubadhayaal sajeevamaakunnathaayi kandethiyittundu. ithu innettu lymphoid cellukalude pradhana aaktivettaraaya ill25. ill25-nte sravathilekku nayikkunnu. ithu type 2 saitokin prathikaranatthinu thudakkamidukayum vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu ailsi 2 koshangalil ninnulla cytokainukalude sravathinte savisheshathayaanu. type-2 rogaprathirodha prathikaranatthinidayil tissue punarnirmmaanam saitokin interleukkin (aii. ell.)-13 adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. eee interleukin pradhaanamaayum uthppaadippikkunnathu lamina propriyayil sthithicheyyunna group 2 inettu lymphoid cellukalum (aii. ell. sii. 2) type 2 helper tii cellukalum (tii. echu. 2) aanu. puzhu anubaadhayude samayathum tuft koshangalude alavu ganyamaayi vardhikkunnu. tuft cellukaludeyum goblet cellukaludeyum hyperplasia type 2 anubaadhayude mukhamudrayaanu, ithu oru pheed-forwade signalling surcuted vazhi niyanthrikkappedunnu. tuft koshangal uthppaadippikkunna ail-25, lamina propriyayil ailsi2kall vazhi ail-13 uthppaadanam prerippikkunnu. ail-13 pinneedu gablett, tuft koshangalilekkulla avarude vamshavali baadhikkunnathinaayi aprasakthamaaya epithelial projenittarukalumaayi samvadikkunnu. thalphalamaayi, tuft, goblet koshangal aadhipathyam pulartthunna entosaitt epithelium eppitheeliyathilekku naadakeeyamaayi punarnirmmikkunnathin ail-13 utharavaadiyaanu. tuft cellukalil ninnu ail-25 illaathe puzhu neekkam cheiyunnathu vaikunnu. type-2 rogaprathirodha prathikaranam tuft koshangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, eee koshangalude saannidhyamillaathe prathikaranam ganyamaayi kurayunnu, ithu puzhu anubadha samayat eee koshangalude pradhana physiological pravartthanatthe sthireekarikkunnu. eee pheed-forwade looppinte oru pradhana bhagamaanu th2 cellukalude sajeevamaakkal. kudalile tuft koshangalude sajeevamaakkal mettabolite sasinettumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, ithu oru paraannabhojikalaal ulppaadippikkukayum avayude uparithalathile nirddishta tuft cellukal risapttar suknr 1-maayi bandhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. koodaathe, anubaadhaykk sesham kudalile praadeshika punarujjeevanathinu kudal tuft koshangalude punk pradhaanamaan.
roopaghadana.
electron microscopy vazhi elikalile trackiayilum dahananaalathilum tuft koshangal aadyamaayi thiricharinju, avayude saadhaarana roopaghadana kaaranam. neelamullathum kattiyullathumaya microville vazhi tuftumaayi bandhippichirikkunna tubulovesicular sisttavum microfilamentukalude appikkal bundle lumenilekk athukayum avaykku avarude peru nalkukayum cheythu. eee kanakk eee koshangalkk avayude perum muzhuvan roopaghadanayum nalki. tuft sell microville vitharanavum valipavum avayude ayalpakkathulla entarosaittukalil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaan. enterocytukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol tuft sellukalkk appikkal microville adithattil oru terminal web illa. tuft koshangalude mattu savisheshathakal ivayaanu tuft koshangale mukalil pinch cheythathayi kaanunnathin kaaranamakunna valare idungiya appikkal membran, koshatthilekku vyaapikkukayum nucleusinu thottumukalil avasaanikkukayum cheiyunna aakttinil ninnulla pramukha microfilamentukal, vishalavum ennaal pradhaanamaayum shoonyavumaaya appikkal vesikkilukal, koshangalude nucleusinte appikkal vashath oru tubulovesicular network undaakkunnu, oru golji upakaranamaan, parukkan endoplasmic rettikulathinteyum ayalvaasikalilekku tuft koshangale sariyaakkunna irukiya jangshanukalulla desmosomukaludeyum abhavam. tuft sell bodiyude aakruthi vyathyaasappedukayum athu avayavathe aasrayichirikkunnu. kudalile tuft koshangal silindar aakruthiyilullathum appikkal, basel attangalil idungiyathum aanu. kudal koshangalumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol alviolar tuft koshangal parannathaanu, pitthasanchi tuft koshangalkk cuboidal aakruthiyundu. tuft koshangalile vyathyaasangalkk avayude avayavathinte prathyeka pravartthanangale prathifalippikkaan kazhiyum. tuft koshangal trpm5, α-gustducin polulla keymosensory proteinukal prakadippikkunnu. eee proteinukal soochippikkunnathu ayal neuronukalkku tuft koshangale naadeevyoohathilekku nayikkaan kazhiyumennanu.
cytocherathin 18, neurofilamentukal, aaktin philamentukal, asattailetted tubulin, dii. sii. ell. keey 1 ennivayil qara pathippichu tuft koshangalum entarosaittukalum thammil verthirichariyaan kazhiyum.
kudalilum vayarilum mookk muthal alvioli vare shwaasakoshathile pulmonary brush cellukalaayum tuft cellukal kaanapedunnu.
rogathil tuft cellukal.
paristhithiyil prathyakshappedunna aantijanukalodulla sahishnutha nashtappedunnathu janithakamaayi kooduthal irayaakunna aalukalil koshajwalana malavisarjjanathinum (ibd) krons rogathinum (sidi) kaaranamaakunnu. helminth kolanivalkkaranam oru type-2 rogaprathirodha prathikaranam ulppeduthukayum mucosal rogashaanthikk kaaranamaakukayum klinikkal aashvaasam nedukayum cheiyunnu. theevramaaya anubaadhayude samayat, tuft koshangalkk avayude swantham savisheshathakal nirmmikkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe tuft koshangalude hyperplasia puzhu puranthallunnathinulla oru pradhana prathikaranamaanu. krons rogathinte chikilsayil tuft sell functionte modulation phalapradamaakumennu ithu kaanikkunnu.
helminth anubadhakal.
vividha helminth enangale kandethunnathil tuft cellukal ruchi resepterukal upayogikkunnuvennu theliyikkappettittund. kaattu-tharam elikalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ruchi risapttar pravartthanam (trpm 5 allengil/- gustdusin qoo) allengil mathiyaya tuft cellukal (pou 2 eph 3 qoo) illaatha elikalile helminthinte clearance thakararilaayi. helminth anubaadhayude samayat samrakshana punk vahikkunnathil tufts koshangal pradhaanamaanennu ithu kaanikkunnu. tuft koshangalil ninnu uruthirinja ail-25 samrakshana prathikaranatthinu madhyasthatha vahikkukayum type 2 rogaprathirodha prathikaranangalkk thudakkamidukayum cheiyunnuvennu nireekshikkappettu.
charithravum vitharanavum.
eliyude shwaasanaalathilum eliyude vayarilumaan tuft koshangal aadyamaayi kandethiyathu.
1920kalude avasaanathil doow. kudalilulla goblettu koshangalude vikasana ghattangalekkurichulla oru padhathi klopkov tracucheyyukayaayirunnu. sookshumadarshiniyil asaadhaaranamaamvidham neelamulla microville oru bundle kudal lumenilekk uyarunna oru koshatthe addeham kandethi. thaan oru aadyaghatta kudal goblettu sell kandethiyathayi addeham karuthi, pakshe yadhaarthathil ithu ippol tuft sell ennu vilikkunna oru puthiya epithelial vamshathinte aadya reportaayirunnu. 1956-ll roadin, dalhamn ennee rund shaasthranjar elii shwaasathadassathile tuft koshangalekkurichu vivarichu; athe varsham thanne jarvy keerilainanum eliyude vayattil samanamaaya koshangal kandethi.
endodermil ninnu uruthirinja collamar epithelium avayavangalilaanu tuft koshangal saadhaaranayaayi sthithicheyyunnathu. elikalil avaye krithyamaayi kandethiyittundu udaaharanathinu, shwaasanaalathil, thymus, grandhiyilulla wier, pitthasanchi, cherukudal, vankudal, shravanakkuzhal, pancreatic daktt, moothranaalam ennivayil. mikkappozhum otappetta koshangalaaya tuft koshangal eppitheeliyathinte oru sathamaanathil thaazhe edukkunnu. mouse pitthasanchi, elii pitharasa, pancreatic daktt ennivayil, tuft koshangal kooduthal samriddhamaanenkilum ippozhum ottappettirikkunnu.

