
peettar skimekkarmaar

peettar skeemekkezhs randaaman allengil peettar skeemekkezhs randaaman allengil ilayavan (10 januvari 1691-12 septambar 1781) thante jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum landanil jolie cheythirunna oru flemish shilpiyaayirunnu. addehathinte pothuvaaya, sabhaa shilpangal klaasikkist shailiyil englandile aadhunika shilpangalude vikasanathil pradhana swaadheenam chelutthi.
1740ll westminstar aabiyile kavikalude moolayil sthaapicha vilyam shakespeareude vilyam kent roopakalppana cheytha smaarakavum athe palliyil joonn drydente smaarakavum nirmikkunnathil skimekkarmaar orupakshe prashastharaan.
jeevacharitram.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
peettar schemakermaaril ilayaal aant verpilum snaapanametta peettar-kaspar schemakermaarilum sintt-jacobscurk allengil sent. jaims charchu, 1691 januvari 10 nuu aant verp, shilpi peettar skeemekkezhs athawa peettar skeemekkezhs, catherina vaan derr hulst (d.1712) ennivarude makan. addehathinte mootha sahodaran hendrick (henry) goodaalochanakkaarude snaapanamulppedeyullava kandethiyittillengilum peettarinte mattu sahodarangal ivaraanu catherina 1688 october 1nuu snaapanamettu (cheruppatthil marichu), elisabath 1693 juulai 6nuu snaapanamettu (1771ll peettar thante ishtam ezhuthumbol jeevichirikkunnu), jaann-france 1696 februvari 2nuu (dittoo) snaanamettu, mattoru catherina 1698 march 20nuu (oru makale upekshichukondu 1771nuu munbu marichu) snaapanamettu, ellaavarum aantverppile sent jacobskeril snaanamettu.
peettar thante pithaavine oru silpiyaayi pinthudarukayum denmarkile coppenhagenil kodathi shilpi johann aadam starmbarginaayi (1683-1741) jolie cheiyunna thante mootha sahodaran henry schemakermarodoppam rund varshathekku 1718-1720 jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. 1715-ll peettar coppenhagenil ninnu romilek (1500 kilometeriladhikam) nadannathaayi parayappedunnu, avide addeham classical, barok shilpa shailikal padichu.
lunden, 1720-1730.
1720ll ekadesham goodaalochanakkaar landanil sthirathaamasamaakki, avide addeham thante muun maasttar, aantverppil janicha piyari-denis plumierinte shupaarshaprakaaram 1717 muthal landanil undaayirunna saha flemish silpiyaaya jent-boonn laurent delvoxumaayi (1696-1778) sauhrudam sthaapichu. aaa samayat, piyari-denis plumier ippozhum brasselsilaayirunnu, pakshe 1721 nte thudakkathil addeham thante kudumbathodoppam sthirathaamasamaakkaan uddeshichu landanilethi. buckingham duke joonn shefieldinte shavasamskara smaarakathil plumier aarambhichappol addeham athichernnu eathaanum maasangalkk sesham marichu. peettar schemakermaarum laurent delvox chernnu 1722ll westminstar aabiyil sthaapicha eee smaarakam 1726 aayappozhekkum addehathinte sahodaran henry schemakermaarum landanil sent maargarattinte westminstarile pazhaya kottara muttathu sthirathaamasamaakki, 1730kalude madhyathil paareesilekk maarunnathuvare ivide thaamasichu.
pinneedu aasoothrakarum delvox oru aupachaarika pankaalitthatthil earppedukayum 1723-ll landanile westminstarinu thekkulla milbankil oru workshop sthaapikkukayum cheythu. avarude workshop purathana shailiyil niravadhi shaanthamaaya classical smaarakangalum poonthotta prathimakalum nirmmichu. ennirunnaalum, puraathanavum sameepakalavumaaya romil padikkunnathinaayi deerghakaalamaayi aasoothranam cheytha yaathrakalkk dhanasahayam nalkunnathinaayi, rund pankaalikalum 1728 eprilil avarude stokku vittu, 1726 ll thante vidhava vivaham kazhichathinu sesham plumieril ninnu delvox paarambaryamaayi nediya 30 enangal ulppede, rund shilpikalum 1728 ll romilek yaatra cheythu. delvox 1733 ll brasselsil kodathi silpiyaayi niyamikkappedunnathuvare romil thaamasichu, ennaal 1730 ll englandilekku madangunnathinumumbu thanthranirmmaathaakkal rund varsham maathrame thaamasichirunnulloo.
lunden, 1730-1771.
addehathinte thirichuvaravil aasoothrakar sent martins leynil milbank workshop punaraarambhichu. addehathinte 'anuyojyamaaya' shaasthreeya shilpangal bhoovudamakalkkum nagara vyaapaarikalkkum idayil valare janapriyamaayi. addeham thante workshop rund thavana koodi maatti aadyam 1736-ll sent maargarattinte westminstarile pazhaya kottara muttathekkum pinneedu 1740-ll sent jayimsile wine streettilekkum 1771-ll viramikkunnathuvare thaamasichu.
thanthranirmmaathaakkal francis berdinoppam kurachukaalam jolie cheythu, addehathinte sahodaran henry schemakermar kurachu varshathekku henry cheereyumaayi pankaalithatthilaayirunnu. peettar chaalsine trubshaeyum thomas baankukaleyum kaikaaryam cheyyaan padippichu. 1750-ll addeham 1762-ll romilek pookunnathinumumbu yaathrakkaaranaayi thudarnna saha aant verppil janicha kalakaaranaaya joseph france nolekkansinte (1702-1748) makanaaya apprentis shilpi joseph nolekkansine (1737-1823) niyamichu. thomas nolekkansine thante executermaaril oralaayi niyamichathinaal nolecans peettarinte wine street pingamiyaaya anantharavan thomas skeemekkarmaarumaayi aduthu thanne thudarnnirikkanam.
peettar skimekkarmaar barbara laa phosine vivaham kazhichirunnuvenkilum avarkk kuttikalundaayirunnil. addehathinte sahodaran silpiyumaaya henry skimekkezhs (c.1686-1748) 1730kalude madhyathil paareesilekk thamasam maarukayum henriyude rund puthranmarum silpikalaavukayum cheythu. piyari schemackermaar (c.1728-1765) ennariyappedunna mootha peettar paareesil thudarnnu, avide addeham akkadami dii seyint-lookil professoraayi, ennaal taamasiyaathe 1765-ll marichu. thomas schemakermar (c.1740-1808) ennariyappedunna henriyude ilaya makan thomas-henry landanile ammavan peettarinoppam cheraan paarees vittu, 1771-ll peettar viramichathinusesham wine streettile workshop paattatthinu nalki, 1808-ll addehathinte maranashesham "thomas schemakers oof wine street, stachyoori" ennu paraamarshichu.
pinneedulla varshangal.
peettar skimekkarmaar 1771-ll 80-aamm vayassil viramikkukayum 1768-ll bhaarya barbera marikkukayum sahodarangalaaya elisabathinodum francisinode oppam avarude janmanaadaaya aant verppil thamasikkaan madangukayum cheythu. 1781 septambaril avide vachu addeham marikkukayum 90 varsham munbu snaanametta athe palliyil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.
aant verp swadeshiyaaya peettar skimekkarmaar, ennaal ippol staachvariyaaya sent jaims westminstar edavakayile wine streettil ninnullavar" 1771 juun 19 nuu landanil addehathinte vilppathrathil oppuvachu, vilyam listtarum saaraa vippum saakshyam vahichu. 1781 septambar 24nuu probettu anuvadichu. peettarinte mesan christopher finnic 10 giniyakalum, stachyooriyaaya misttar wandermoolanu athe padaviyum, misttar dennis byrninum athe padaviyum addehathinte avakaashangalaayirunnu. thante dasson 20 ginia. addehathinte anantharaval anna-maria wandipenbeakinu 50 poundu; paal maalile haberdasher shree jaims bucharinum [sic], eaka executoraayi niyamikkapettu. englandile peettarinte bakkiyulla ellah swaadheenangalum naalu bhagangalaayi thulyamaayi vibhajikkukayum addehathinte 4 sahodarangalkkidayil allengil marichupoyaal avarude pingaamikalkkidayil vitharanam cheyyukayum venam sahodari elisabath skeemekkezhs, sahodaran france (jaann-france) skeemekkezhs, anantharaval anna-maria wandipenbeak ennivarkku maricha sahodari kaatharinayude ekakuttiyaayi, maricha sahodaran henriyude avasheshikkunna makkalkkidayil thulyamaayi pankidanam. anantharavan thomas skimekkezhsum thomasinte rund sahodarimaraaya maari-luis, jeanweave-catherine ennivarum. peettar makkalillaathayaalnum tamas goodaalochanakkaar, ithuvare addehathinte makan eaka anantharaavakaashiyumaayirunna lunden shilpi, peettarinte anantharavan aayirunnuvennum peettarinte estettil ninnu verum aii. dii. 1 maathramaan labhichathennum eee vyavasthakal sthireekarikkunnu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
westminstar abbe.
peettar skimekkarmaar westminstar abbeikkaayi maathram smarakangal, roopangal, prathima, shavakudeerangal enningane 16 srishtikal srishtichu, athil 15 ennam ippozhum nilavilunda 
englandile mattu jolikal.
linkanshayarile edenhamile onnum randum raajakumaaranmaarude smarakangal; kaambridjshayarile vimpolile chansalar hardwick prabhu; bedfordshire flittanilulla kent rajakumaran bharyamaarum penmakkalum; buckinghamshare vaikombile shelben oof earl; buckinghamshare amershaamile monteg sherard drack enna shavakudeerathile chithram enniva mattu kruthikalil ulppedunnu. vindorile sent joonn dhaa baptist palliyile edavaka palliyile tofam foottinte (allengil phoott) smaarakamaanu addehathinte kruthiyude mattoru udaaharanam. yuvaavinte prathimayum phoott famili krasttum ulppedunna eee shavakudeera smaarakam henry VIII gettu muthal winder kaasil vareyulla pradhana hye street kavaadatthil sandarshakare swaagatham cheiyunnu. pothu harjikalil cheef justice sarr thomas reevinte oru smaarakavum palliyil undu.
ireland.
1743-ll merii kogil thante sahodaran mermaduke kogilre smaranaykkaayi clonderk (ippol drumcondra palli) edavaka palli sthaapikkukayum athil thanthranirmmaathaakkal thante sahodarante oru prathima sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
jaims asher, vilyam shakespeare, joonn milttan, joonn loock, sisaro, hommer, aristottil, socreties ennivarulppede dablinile trinity koleju libraryude neelamulla muriyile pathinaalu prathimakalude shilpiyum addehamaayirunnu.
baank nottukalil.
1970num 1993num idayil baank oof englandu puratthirakkiya 20 poundu nottukalkku pinvashathu goodaalochanakkaarude shakespeare prathimayude chithram prathyakshappettu. prathimaykkoppam "romeo aandu juuliyat" enna chithratthil ninnulla balkaniyude oru kothupaniyum undaayirunnu.

