
france alexander

 france gabriel alexander (22 januvari 1891-8 march 1964) oru hungarian-american manasshaasthranjanum vaidyanumaayirunnu, addeham psychosomatic medisin, saiko analytic criminology ennivayude sthaapakaril oralaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
jeevitam.
france gabriel alexander, hangarian "alexander ferenk gabor" enna bhashayil 1891 ll budaapesttile oru jootha kudumbatthil janichu, addehathinte pithaav bernhard alexander, oru thathwachinthakanum saahitya niroopakanum, addehathinte anantharavan alfred renee, hangarian ganithashaasthranjanum compinatorics, graph sidhaantham, nambar sidhaantham ennivayil sambhavanakal nalkiyayalum ennaal kooduthalum probability sidhaanthathilaanu. alexander berlinil padichu; avide addeham carren horney, heleen dutch ennivarulppede kaal abraham maarganirdesam nalkia swaadheenamulla jarmman vishakalana vidagtharude oru samghathinte bhaagamaayirunnu, berlin psychonalytic instittyoottinu chuttum othukoodi. '1920kalude thudakkathil olivar froid france alexanderumaayi vishakalanam nadathumbol-sigmund froyidinte makan-franch manasshaasthranjaril aadyatheyaalaaya chaals oodiyar berlinil france alexander vishakalanam cheythu.
1930-ll chikkago sarvakalaashaalayude annathe prasidantaayirunna roobert hutchins addehathe athinte manahshaasthra vishakalanathinte visitting professorakkaan kshanichu. pooll rosenfels thante vidyaarthikalil oralaaya chikkago instittyoott phoor psychonalysisil alexander avide jolie cheythu. 1950kalil general systems researchile sosaittiyile aadya amgangalil oraalaayirunnu addeham.
france alexander 1964 ll kaaliforniyayile paam springsil vachu marichu.
aadyakaala rachanakal (1923-1943).
alexander oru mikacha ezhuthukaaranaayirunnu. kathaapaathrathinte roopeekaranathile kaastreshan complexes [1923]... [&] psychosomatic gaveshanathinte adisthaana ashayangal [1943] 'addeham mattu irupathu lekhanangal prasidheekarichu, "randaam saiko analytic thalamura" yude pravarthanatthinu vaividhyamaarnna vishayangalil sambhavana nalki.
'alexander thante 'vekttar analysis' ll parayunnu... baahyalokathodulla oru jeeviyude pravanathakal phalapradamaakaavunna moonnu adisthaana dishakalude aapekshika pankaalittham alakkunnu sweekaranam, illaathaakkal, nilanirtthal. ithil addeham eric echu-nte mungaamiyaayirunnirikkam. eriksan pinneedu 'sonukal, modukal, reethikal' ennivayekkurichulla paryavekshanam nadatthi.
purathana superigo aavashyappedunna daarmikathayum addeham paryavekshanam cheythu... superigoyude dushippikkal enna nilayil alexander avatharippikkunna oru automated kapada dhaarmikatha.
yadhaartha jeevithathil abhinayikkunnathinekkur addehathinte paryaveshanavum shradheyamaayirunnu, athil rogiyude jeevitam muzhuvan yaadhaarthyavumaayi poruthappedaattha pravarthanangalaanu, marichu abodhaavasthayilulla pirimurukkangal ozhivakkaan lakshyamidunnu. alexander neurotic caractor 'enna peril aadyamaayi vivarichathu itharathilulla neurosisaanu.
psychosomatic joliyum hraswakaala psychotherapy.
manasse shareeravum thammilulla chalanathmakamaaya parasparabandham thedunna prasthaanatthinu france alexander neethrthwam nalki. akkaalat maanasika prakriyakaliloode shaareerika vaikalyangal chikilsikkaanulla saadhyathayekkurich gaveshanam nadathiyirunna jorg grodekkumaayulla kathidapaadinethudarnnu sigmund froid maanasikarogangalil aazhathilulla thaalparyam pinthudarnnu.
froid, sander ferency ennivarumaayi chernnu alexander autoplaastik adaptation enna ashayam vikasippichu. oru vyakthikk sammarddakaramaaya oru sahacharyam undaakumbol, addehathinu rund vazhikalil onnil prathikarikkaamenn avar nirddeshichu 
1930 muthal 1950 vare, niravadhi vishakalana vidagdhar chikilsayude gathi engane kuraykkaam enna chodyathil earppettirunnu, pakshe ippozhum chikitsa falaprapti kaivarikkunnu. alexander, ferency, wilhem reach enniva ithil ulppedunnu. chikilsayil ninnu ettavum kooduthal prayojanam nedunna rogikal vegathil earppedaanum oru prathyeka chikitsa shradha vivarikkaanum munbu ozhivakkiya vikaarangalude anubhavathilekku vegathil neengaanum kazhiyunnavaraanennu alexander kandethi. thudakkathil ettavum aarogyamullavarum athinaal chikilsayude ettavum kuranja aavasyamullavarumaaya rogikale prathinidheekarikkunnathinum iva sambhavichu. prathirodhasheshi kuranjathinaal eee rogikalkku prayojanam nedaan kazhinjuvennu klinikkal gaveshanangal velippeduthi. ettavum kuranja aaghaatham anubhavichathinaal avar ettavum kuranja prathirodhasheshiyullavaraayinu, athinaal adichamarthappetta vikaarathinte bharam avarkkaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, vividha prashnangalkkayi klinikkilekku varunna rogikalil, drutha prathikaranakkar oru cheria nyoonapakshathe maathrame prathinidheekarichulloo. chikilsaykkaayi varunna rogikalil valiyoru vibhaagathe prathinideekarikkunnavarkka enthaanu nalkaan kazhiyuka? kooduthal theevramaaya hraswakaala chalanathmaka cycotherapy kaanuka.
thiruthal vaikaarika anubhavam.
naalpathukalil... sander ferencyude neethrthwathe pinthudarnnu france alexander nirddeshichu... oru valia pracharam aasvadicha oru "thiruthal vaikaarika anubhavathinte" roopam.
alexander paranju
eee ashayam valareyadhikam vivaadangalkku kaaranamaayi, ithu kurt aarr pole vyathyasthamaaya vyakthikalil ninnu ethirppu ulavaakki. aislar, edward glover, jackwus laakan ennivar pinneedu paranju, 'njaan thanne athine ettavum vyakthamaaya reethiyil akramikkaan madichilla... 1950leeii saikyatriyude kongrasil, pakshe, athu valia kazhivulla oru manushyante nirmmaanamaan.
arupathukalode, alexanderude sangalppam pinvaangukayaayirunnu, adutha dashakathinte avasaanathil oru vishakalana vidagthanu 'aaraan innu france alexanderinekkurichu samsaarikkunnath-addehathinte' thiruthal vaikaarika anubhavam 'kuraykkaan agrahikkunnavar allengil nirasikkaan agrahikkunnavar ozhike, kohuttiyakkar nirantharam vedana anubhavikkunnathinal, avar athilereyum vaagdaanam cheiyunnundo?'. ennirunnaalum, object relations sidhaanthathile thudarchayaaya sambhavavikasangalum svayam manashaasthratthinte uyarchayum aashayathodulla thaalpparyatthinte punarujjeevanathilekku nayikkum.
ithu veendum moberley (1985) chaambyanaayi. randaamathethinte kazhchappadil, thiruthal vaikaarika anubhavam vishakalanathil chikilsaareethiye adisthaanaparamaayi prathinidheekarikkunnu. eee aashayathekkurichu thudarchayaayi aashankakalullavar polum 'alexander ezhuthumbol' ennu sammathichu... vishakalanathil rogikalude vaikaarika anubhavathinte chikitsa moolyathilekku shradha aakarshikkunnath addehathinu uchithamaayirunnu.
irupathiyonnaam noottaandil eee padam pothuvaaya psychodynamic bhaashayilekku kadannupoyi. athinaal cognitive therapy bandham parishodhikkunnathinekkur ashayangal 'psychodynamic therapy' thiruthal vaikaarika anubhavam 'enna ashayavumaayi vyathyaasappedunnilla'; asthithvaparamaaya therapy vishadeekaranangal 'theraappistumaayulla puthiya anubavangal thurakkunnathaayi kaanapedunnu, angane oru thiruthal paraspara anubhavam nalkunnu'.