mathil sammarddathil vishramam

sasyakoshabhithi jalamshamulla polymetric vasthukkalaal nirmmichathaanu, ithu viscoelastic gunangal anuvadikkunnu. oru chediyude praadhamika koshabhithi cellulose naarukal, hemicellulose, cyloglucans enniva ulkkollunnu. eee looad bairing shringalaykku chuttum pekttinukalum glycoproteinukalum undu.
koshabhithi vikasippikkunnathil mathil sammarda vishramam oru pradhana gadakamaanu. plaant sellinte turger marddathodulla prathikaranamaayaan mathil sammarddam (oro yoonit eriyayilum balatthil alakkunnathu) srishtikkappedunnathu. koshatthinte praadhamika koshabhithi marddathe ethirkkunnathinaal turger marddam sasyangal, fangasukal, bacteria ennivayude koshabhithikalil pirimurukkam srishtikkunnu; ithu koshabhithi neettaan anuvadikkunnu. koshabhithi neettukayo sammarddam kuraykkukayo cheiyunnathu koshavalarchayudeyum punakrameekaranatthinteyum falamaanu. sasyakoshangalude punarroopeekaranatthinum punakrameekaranatthinum koshangalude vipuleekaranam nirnaayakamaan. turger marddam nayikkunna "creep" allengil selective vaal ayanjathinte falamaanu vipuleekaranam. eee "creep" samayat, cellulose microfiberukal parasparam thaarathamyappeduthumbol oru maattaanaavaatha ekstenshan srishtikkunnu. 
koshangalude vipuleekaranam.
koshabhithi thiranjedutthu ayaykkunnathiloode koshavalarcha aarambikkukayum chediyude koshatthinte turger mardhavum jalasadhyathayum kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu. ithu jalathinte ozhukk anuvadikkukayum koshangalude valarchayilekku nayikkukayum cheiyunnu. polymerukalude sliding, koshabhitthinte uparithala vistheernnam vardhippikkal ennivayiloodeyaanu eee vipuleekaranam saadhyamaakunnath.
mikka sasyangalilum koshavalarcha anisotropic aanu. praadhamika koshabhithi cellulose microfibril ooriyanteshanaanu anisotropic valarchayudeyum vipuleekaranathinteyum disha nirnnayikkunnathinulla thacol ennu muun pareekshanangal sthireekarichittundu. koshangal cellulose microfibril ooriyanteshanilekku transversley valarunnu.
acidity avasthakalil koshabhithikal vegathil vikasikkunnathayi kandethiyittundu, ithine assid valarcha ennu vilikkunnu. jeevakoshangale assid upayogichu chikilsikkunnathu koshabhithi plasma membranile oru atpes sajeevamaakkunnathiloode koshabhithi acidification cheiyunnu. anisotropy vipuleekarikkaan padikkaan modalukalaayi upayogikkunna ulli epidermal cellukalil, ekstenshan rund dishakalilum piechine aasrayichirikkunnu (transwers, cellulose ooriyanteshanu samaantharamaayi). 6 nte oru piechinekkaal 4-5 nte piechil ekstenshan ekadesham moonnirattiyaanu. ithu eee koshabhithi saambilukalile assid valarchayude sakthamaaya soochanayaanu. koshabhithi ayaykkunna proteinaaya expaansinukalude pravartthanam kuranja piechu avasthakalil (ekadesham 4 nte piechu) paramavadhi vardhikkunnathaayum theliyikkappettittund.
choodu nirjeevamaakkal cellulose microfibril ooriyanteshanilekkulla ekstenshan transwers kuraykkunnu, pakshe samanthara ekstenshan kuraykkunnilla. taapa nirjeevamaakkal koshabhithi vipuleekaranathil disaasoochanayulla falamundaakkunnuvennu ithu soochippikkunnu. vikruthamaaya proteinukal vipuleekaranam kuraykkunnathinu kaaranamakunnathinaal vipareeta dishayil, vipuleekaranam proteinukale aasrayichirikkunnu. koodaathe, cellulose microfibril ooriyanteshanu samaantharamaayi sambhavikkunna vipuleekaranam piechine aasrayichirikkunnu. athinaal, proteinukal vikalaamgaraakukayum cellulose microfibril ooriyanteshanu samaantharamaayi vipuleekaranam baadhikkaathirikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal samanthara dishayilulla assid induced ekstenshan protein madhyasthathayalla.
vipuleekarikkunnu.
mathil-lusening ejantukalaayi pravartthikkunna proteinukalude oru vibhagamaanu expaansinukal. eee proteinukal siloglookkanukalum cellulose thammilulla hydrajan bondukal thakarkkukayum valarchaye uthejippichu choodu-nirjeevamaakkiya koshabhithikalude assid valarcha punasthaapikkukayum cheiyunnu. innuvare, moonnu tharam expaansinukal thiricharinjittundu α-expaansinukal, β-expaansinukal, baakteeriyal expaansinukal. vipuleekaranangalekkurichum avayude krithyamaaya samvidaanathekkurichum utharam labhikkatha niravadhi chodyangal ippozhum undu.
mechanical stress assaisukal upayogichu nadatthiya pareekshanangal kaanikkunnath α-expaansinukal koshabhithi durbalappeduthunnilla, ennittum avaa koshabhithikalil "creep" undaakkumenn theliyikkappettittund. koodaathe, assid-induced vaal ekstanshan madhyasthatha vahikkaan α-expaansinukal kandethiyittundu. α-expaansinukalkku vipareethamaayi, β-expaansinukal koshabhithikalude tensile shakti ganyamaayi kuraykkunnu. β-expaansinukal "creep" undaakkuka mathramalla, madhya lamella polysacrarideukale layikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu poombodi tube chediyude andaashayathilekku thulachukayaraan sahayikkunnu. poombodikku purathulla sasyangalil ninnu β-expaansinukal sajeevamaayi verthirichedukkaan prayasamullathinaal pull koombaaratthil β-expaansinukal padikkappettittund. phylogenetic vishakalanam vazhi thiricharinja sasya rogakarikalaaya bakteeriyakalaayi polum expaansinukal pravarthichittundu. baakteeriyal expaansinukal sasyakoshangalude kolanivalkkaranatthe sugamamaakkunnuvenn kandethaan jeane nokkautt pareekshanangal upayogichu.
cyloglucan endotrans glucosylase/endohydrolesukal (xths).
koshabhithi ayaykkunnathil punk vahikkunna mattoru tharam ensaimukalaanu cyloglucan endotransglucosylase/endohydrolesukal (xths). koshabhithikku sameepamulla cellulose microfibrilukalude chalanathe niyanthrikkunna siloglookkanukal mikka xth-kalum thakarkkukayum veendum orumichu cherkkukayum cheiyunnu. ithine cyloglucan endotransglucosylase aakshan (settu aakshan) ennu vilikkunnu. settu pravartthanam cyloglucan punasamghadanaykku anuvadikkunnu, athinaal cellulose microfibrilukal koshabhithi mechanical shakti nilanirthikkondu lysis thadayumbol verpiriyaan anuvadikkunnu. cyloglucan hydrolase aakshan (xeh aakshan) ennu vilikkunna vellavumayi mattu xths upayogikkukayum bandhippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
eee Xth ensimeukal koshabhithikku akathekku vyaapikkukayum koshabhithikku puram bhaagath looad illaatha sailoglookkaanukal upayogichu complexukal roopappeduthukayo pravartthikkukayo cheyyendathundu. oru kaalathamasa kaalayalavinusesham, koshabhithi bharamullah pradeshathu ensimeukal oru saandrata paridhiyiletthukayum ensaiminte pravartthanam appol vyakthamavukayum cheyyum.
oru prathyeka xth, Skxth1 nuu oru valia shreniyilulla Phs, thaapanila ennivayil xet pravartthanam nadatthaan kazhiyum. choodu nirjeevamaakkal koshabhithi vipuleekaranam kuraykkunnu, ennaal ezz. keey. ex. tii. echu. 1 cherkkukayaanenkil, choodu nirjjeevamaakkumbol illaathaakkiya protein ashrita creep pravartthanatthinte 66 sathamaanavum punasthaapikkaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, cellulose microfibril ooriyanteshanilekkulla traansvezhsil maathramaan vipuleekaranathinte eee punasthaapanam sambhavichathu. ithu soochippikkunnathu aduthulla cellulose microfibrilukalude nettu cellulose ooriyanteshanilekku parasparam thiriyunnathumaayi bandhapetta chalanathe uthejippikkunnathinu utharavaadiyaaya oru Xth ensaimaanu Skxth1. eee thirashcheena dishayilulla vipuleekaranam proteine aashrayichirikkunnuvennu athesamayam samanthara dishayilallennum ithu pinthunaykkunnu.

