komadi-internaashanal

fraansil avatharippikkumbol itaaliyan bhasha naadakatheyum oopparayeyum soochippikkaan upayogicha franch perukalaanu komadi-itaaliyan allengil theattar-itaaliyan.
itaaliyan kalikkaarude aadyakaala sandarshanangal itaaliyan vamshajayaaya raajnjikalaaya catherine dii medisi, maari dii medisi ennivarude keezhil franch kodathi niyamicha komadiya dell art kambanikalaayirunnu. fraansil nirmmicha aadyakaala pothu theateraaya hotel dii borgogneyude thiyettaril eee trupukal paareesil pothu prakadanangal nadatthi.
1680ll hotel dii borgognile komadiya dell art trupinu aaa varsham sthaapithamaaya franch trupaya komadi-francisil ninnu verthirichariyaan komadi-itaaliyan enna peru aadyamaayi audyogikamaayi upayogichu, randaamathethinu saadhaaranayaayi theattar-francise enna peru prayogichathupole, itaaliyanmaarkkum theattar-itaaliyan upayogichirunnu. kaalakramena franch vaakyangal, pattukal, muzhuvan ramgangalum oduvil muzhuvan naadakangalum haasya-itaaliyante prakadanangalil ulppeduthi. 1762 aayappozhekkum kambani opera-komikkumaayi layichu, ennaal comedy-itaaliyan, theattar-itaaliyan ennee perukal upayogikkunnathu thudarnnu, ennirunnaalum repertory taamasiyaathe franch opera-komikkaayi maari. 1801ll kambani theattar faiduvumaayi layippichappol perukal poornnamaayum ozhivaakki.
1801 muthal 1878 vare itaaliyan bhashayil itaaliyan ooppara avatharippikkunna paarees ooppara kambanikalude thudarchayaayi theattar-itaaliyan upayogichirunnu. 1980-ll paareesile montpernasse jillayile oru theaterinu laa komadi-itaaliyan enna peru upayogichu, athu franch vivarthanathil itaaliyan komadiya dell art naadakangal avatharippikkunnu.
pathinezhaam noottaandile komadi-itaaliyan.
pathinezhaam noottaandil charitraparamaaya hasyakalaakaaranaaya itaaliyan raajaavinte pinthunayundaayirunnu. akkaalat, royal-amgeekritha theaterukalil avatharippikkan kazhiyunna niyamaanusrithamaaya thiyettar ennum royal censorukalude parishodhanaykk vidheyamaakaatha kooduthal thaazhnna theruvu thiyettar ennum vilikkappedunnava thammil oru vyathyasam undaakki. itaaliyan trupukal 1645 vare hotel dii borgogneyil prakadanam nadatthi, aaa samayat avar pettitt borbanilekku maari. 1660-ll avar palais-royalilekk thamasam maari, avide avar mollier samghathodoppam marimari prakadanam nadatthi. eee kaalayalavilaanu moliyaril sakthamaaya swaadheenam cheluthaanirunna tiberio fiorillo itaaliyan kambaniyude thalavanaayath. 1673ll lulliyude akkadami royal dii music palays-royalil ninnu purathaakkiya rund samghangalum theattar ginegavilekku maari, avide avar 1680ll comedy-francise sthaapikkunnathuvare marimari prakadanam thudarnnu, aaa samayat itaaliyan, ippol audyogikamaayi comedy-itaaliyan, hotel dii borgognilekku madangi, avide avar 1697ll kambani pirichuvidunnathuvare prakadanam nadatthi.
professional itaaliyan abhinethaakkal avatharippicha franch samsaarikkunna pothu kannadaykku charitraparamaaya haasya-itaaliyan sammaanichu. thudakkathil, eee abhinethaakkal avarude thaddesheeya itaaliyan bhashayil komadiya dell art avatharippichu. komadiya dell art oru mechappeduthal tharam naadakamaanu; thirakkadhakalonnum undaayirunnilla. avarkk abhinayikkaan thiranjedukkaan kazhiyunna onniladhikam saahacharyangalundaayirunnu, pakshe aaa saahacharyathil avarkk mattonnum aasoothranam cheythirunnilla. ennirunnaalum, avarkk stokku kathaapaathrangal ennu vilikkappedunna prathyeka swabhaava tharangalundaayirunnu, athu thiyettar sandarshakarkku prashasthavum priyappettathumayi maari.
1680ll hotel dii borgognilekku marria sesham regnard, duffressney, palapratt thudangiya naadakakrithukkalude thirakkathayulla naadakangal avatharippikkan samgham thudangi. eee samgham vyaapakamaayi janapriyamaaya athe samayat thanne, luis pathinaalaaman rajaavu puthuthayi roopeekaricha fraansile deseeya naadakavediyaaya komadi frankeysinu franch naadakatthinte kuthaka nalki. franch naadakakrithukkalumaayulla samghathinte sahakaranm oru bheeshaniyaayi kaanukayum samghathinte vaarshika pension nirasikkunnathinekkuri rajakudumbam chinthikkaan thudangukayum cheythu.
1697ll oru sambhavam rajaavinu thante theerumaanathinu anthimaroopam nalkaan kaaranamaayi. fraansinte bharyayaaya maadam dii maintenan rajaavaaya luis pathinaalaamane nerittu parihasicha "laa fause prude" allengil "thettaaya kaapatyam" enna naadakatthinte varaanirikkunna prakadanangal abhinethaakkal prakhyaapichirunnu. naadakam yadhaarthathil avatharippikkappettathaano allayo atho naadakam parasyam cheyyappettathaano atho rajaavu athinte asthithvathekkurichu manassilaakkiyittundo ennathinekkurichu pandithanmarkkidayil oru tharkkamund. naadakatthinte nilanilppinekkurichu ariyaamaayirunnenkilum rajaavu abhinethaakkale puratthaakkukayum thiyettar adachupoottukayum cheythu.
pathinettaam noottaandile komadi-itaaliyan.
1715-ll luis pathinaaraamante maranathethudarnnulla vilaapakaalathinusesham, addehathinte bharanathinte avasaanabhaagathe mathaparamaya bhakthiyude adichamarthal anthareeksham uyaran thudangi. reejantaaya philipp dii oorliyans thalasthaanathu anandavum vinodavum punasthaapikkaan prathyekichum aagrahichirunnu. irupathu varsham munbulla eee prathibhaasatthe adhehavum suhruthukkalum snehapoorvvam oorthu. akkaalat paareesile naadakatthinulla pradhana oopshanukal komadi-fraansaisinte valare parishkaricha nirmmaanangalo fair theaterukalude "crude aandu ruchirahithamaya" prakadanangalo aayirunnu. ithinidayil evideyengilum naadaka haasyathinte aavasyamundaayirunnu, komadi-franchisinekkaal kooduthal janapriyamaaya aakarshanamulla, ennaal melakalile theaterukalekkaal uyarnna nirmmaana moolyangal. 1716 leeii vasanthakaalath philipp thante cussin duke oof parmayodu irupathu varsham munbu pirichuvitta paareesile komadi-itaaliyan punarujjeevippikkaan itaaliyan abhinethaakkalude oru samghathe ayaykkaan aavasyappettu. munsamghathinte chila budhimuttukal ozhivakkaan, athinte nethaavu nalla swabhaavavum maryada ulla oru vyakthiyaayirikkanamenn addeham vyakthamaakkiyirunnu. luigi recobony thiranjedutthu, eathaanum aazhchakalkkullil addeham patthu abhinethaakkalude oru samghathe koottichertthu, avarellam bhaktharaya kristhyaanikalaayirunnu.
1716 meyy 18 muthal hotel dii borgogne naveekarikkunnathuvare recobony samgham palays-royalil prakadanam nadatthi. punarnirmmicha borgogne thiyettarile avarude aadya prakadanam juun 1 nuu itaaliyan bhashayil "laa folle saposi" ("laa phinta passa") avatharippichappol aayirunnu. vijayathinte prarambha kaalaghattatthinu sesham, prekshakarude ennam kurayukayum puthiya kambani kooduthal kooduthal naadakangal franch bhashayil avatharippikkan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu. cheythu 1720num idayil kambani 20 oolam marivox naadakangal valia vijayathode avatharippichu. nadi sylvia baaletti maarivoxinte naayikamaarude thithreekaranatthinu prathyekichum prashasthayaayirunnu. fair theaterukalil ninnulla malsaram vardhichathode, franch "komadikal-enn-vadevilles", "operas-komikkukal" ennivayulppede samanamaaya nirakkukal kambani avatharippikkan thudangi.
1762ll kambani thiyettar dii laa foyarinte opera-komikkumaayi layichu. 1762 februvari 3 nuu borgogil aarambhicha samyojitha kambani 1783 epril 4 vare thiyettaril prakadanam thudarnnu, athinusesham avar puthiya saale fawartilekku maari. eee samayamaayappozhekkum ellah itaaliyan kalikkaarum viramikkukayo italiyilekku madangukayo cheythu, parambaraagatha komadi-itaaliyan praabalyatthil illaathaayi. komadi-itaaliyan enna peru kurachukoodi upayogikkukayum 1801-ll kambani thiyettar faiduvumaayi layichappol poornnamaayum upekshikkappedukayum cheythu.
17-aamm noottaandilum 18-aamm noottaandilum paareesile itaaliyan ooppara.
paareesil pradharshippicha aadyathe oopparakal itaaliyan aayirunnu, pathinezhaam noottaandinte madhyathil (1645-1662) reejant aan dii ootrikkum avarude itaaliyan vamshajanaaya phastt ministtar kardinal mazar francilake kshanicha itaaliyan gayakar nalki. aadyathethu sarikkum samgeethathodukoodiya oru naadakamaayirunnu, oru "komadi itaaliyan", ithu marco marasoliyude "ill giudito della raajiyon tra laa beltta eiii ell aphetto" aayirikkam, ennirunnaalum ithu tharkkavishayamaan. 1645 februvari februvari kardinal richellues theateraaya saale duu palays-royalil ithu avatharippichu. francesco saakraattiyude ooppara "laa phinta passa" 1645 desember desember saale duu pettitt-borbanil avatharippichu, koodaathe "egisto" (orupakshe francesco kavalliyude samgeethathodukoodiya "egisto" yude oru pathipp) 1646 februvari februvari palays-royalil nalki. lugi rossie samgeetham nalkia oru puthiya itaaliyan ooppara "oorfiyoo" 1647 march march palays-royalil pradharshippichu.
fraandinte kaalath, masarin pravaasatthilaayirunnu, itaaliyan kruthikal onnum thanne nadathappettilla, ennaal paareesilekk madangiyethiya sesham, carlo caproliyude "leeii nosse dii pelio iii dii theetti" 1654 epril 14 nuu pettitt-borbanil nirmikkappettu. kavalliyude "serse" 1660 november 22 nuu saale duu lauvaril nalkappettu, addehathinte "ercol amaante" 1662 februvari 7 nuu tularies kottaaratthile puthiya saale dess mesheenukalil pradharshippichu. itaaliyan oopparakalude eee aadyakaala paarees nirmmanangal saadhaaranayaayi franch abhiruchikkanusarichu roopakalppana cheythirunnu. franch samgeethasamvidhaayakarude samgeethathodukoodiya baalukal palappozhum abhinayangalkkidayil edaykkidaykku edayaakkappettirunnu. giacomo torrelli roopakalppana cheytha steju meshinarikal upayogichu niravadhi settu maattangalum prakrithidatha efakttukalum nediya avaa valare vipulamaaya vishwal kannadakalaayirunnu. kooduthalum itaaliyan bhasha manassilaakkaatha franchukaarkkidayil eee drishyadrishyangal avarude janapreeti vardhippichu.
1669ll akkadami dii opera roopeekarichathinu saakshyam vahicha luis pathinaraman adhikaaramettu adhikam taamasiyaathe franch oopparaykku anukoolamaayi itaaliyan ooppara upekshikkappettu. ennirunnaalum, pathinettaam noottaandil itaaliyan sangeethanjjar paareesiletthi. prathyekichum, 1752-ll, ooppara bafa "laa serva paadrona" yude prakadanangal franch, itaaliyan sangeetha paarambaryangalude aapekshika menmayekkurichulla charchayaaya kwerrell dess bophonsilekku nayichu.
1787-ll, itaaliyan gaayakarude oru samghathinte prathyeka vijayathin sesham, "ooppara bafa" ykkayi oru residant thiyettar kambani sthaapikkaanulla ashayam vannu. 1789 januvariyil thiyettar dii monsiyar kambani sthaapithamaayathode eee samrambham yaadhaarthyamaayi, ithu taamasiyaathe raajaavinte sahodaranaaya kaundu oof provencinte aabhimukhyathil, kodathiyil monsiyar ennariyappettu. thiyettar faiduvilekku maarunnathin munbu avar aadyam tularies palas thiyettaril prakadanam nadatthi. ennirunnaalum, 1792-ll franch viplavathinte prakshubdhatha kaaranam itaaliyan samgham pinvaangiyenkilum thiyettar franch naadakangalum opera-komikalum avatharippikkunnath thudarnnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandile theettar-inteeriyan.
1801ll mademoiselle montensier roopeekaricha itaaliyan bhashayil itaaliyan ooppara avatharippikkunna oru puthiya theattar-itaaliyan, athu audyogikamaayi ooppara bafa ennariyappettirunnave kooduthal parichithamayi bophons ennaanu ariyappettirunnath. kambani aadyamaayi thiyettar olimbiksil ruu dii laa victoyarilaanu prakadanam nadathiyathu, pakshe 1802 januvari 17 nuu salle favertilekku maari. montensier 1803 march 21 nuu viramichu. 1804 juulai 9 muthal kambani thiyettar louisilum 1808 juun 16 muthal thiyettar dii ell 'oodiyanilum prakadanam nadatthi, akkaalat "thiyettar dii ell' imperatris" ennu vilikkapettu. 1815 vare avar avide thaamasichu.
eee aadyakaalakhattathil theattar-itaaliyan aadyamaayi domenico simarosayudeyum jiovanni pysiloyudeyum ooppara bafa avatharippichu, pinneedu ferdinando perr, simoon mayer ennivarude ooppara bafa koottichertthu. 1807 septambar septambar aadyamaayi avatharippicha valentino feoravanthiyude "aii vertuosi ambulanti" thiyettar kammeeshan cheythu. 1810 muthal 1812 vare samvidaayakanaayi sevanamanushticha gaspare spontiniyude keezhilulla "figaro" (23 desember 1807), "koosi" (28 januvari 1809), "doonn jiovanni" (2 septambar 1811) ennivayulppede mosaarttinte niravadhi oopparakal paareesile itaaliyan bhashayil kambani aadyamaayi avatharippichu. nicolo antonio surrellingly mattullavarum cherttha "ooppara seeree" yum spontiniyil chertthu.
borbon punasthaapana samayat, luis pathinaraman rajaavu thiyettar soprano anchalikka catalanic kaimaran aagrahichu. neppoliyante thirichuvaravum nooru divasathe bharanavum raajaavinte padhathikale thadassappeduthiyappol mikkavarum ellaam kaimaattatthinaayi sajjamakki. athinaal abhinethaakkal thiyettar dii ell 'imperatrisil kurachukoodi thaamasichu. luis pathinaraman rajaavu adhikaarathil thirichethiyappol maadam kaattalaani samghathil chernnu. ennirunnaalum, taamasiyaathe avar europiludaneelam oru paryadanatthinu pooyi, thiyettarinte niyanthranam paareesil avatharippikkenda aadyathe rossini oopparayaaya "ell 'itaaliyanaa inn aljeri" 1817 februvari 1 nuu aadyathe saale favertil avatharippicha perinu vittu, nirmmaanam valare thaazhnnathaanenkilum, "paareesile rossini sweekaranam attimarikkaan sramichathaayi" addehathinethire aaropikkapettu."
1818-ll maadam kaattalaaniyude "privileju" allengil prakadanam nadathaanulla rajakeeya anumathi raddaakkukayum thiyettar adachupoottukayum cheythu. oro sthaapanathinteyum svayambharanaavakaasham nilanirtthikkonduthane, ippol thiyettar royal itaaliyan ennariyappedunna thiyettarinte bharanam academic royal dii myusikkinu (akkaalat paarees opera ennariyappettirunnathu) kaimaran theerumaanichu. 1819 muthal 1824 vareyum 1826 muthal 1827 vareyum pair veendum director sevanamanushtichu. 1819 muthal 1825 vare kambani 1100 kaanikale maathram ulkkollunna saale louyvoyisil prakadanam nadatthi. rosini oopparakalude niravadhi paarees premiyarukal avide nalkki "ill barbier dii siviglia" (26 october 1819), "torwaldo iii dorlisca" (21 november 1820), "ottello" (5 juun 1821), "tancredy" (23 epril 1822). addehathinte oopparakal valare janapriyamaayirunnu, addehathinte paarees premiyarukalil chilath valia saale leeii pelettiyaril nalkappettu, athil "laa gassa ladra" (1821 septambar 18), "elisabetta, rejeena dii 'inhilttera" (1822 march 10), "mosse inn ejitto" (1822 october 20), "laa donna dell lago" (1824 septambar 7, rossini melnottatthil nirmikkappettu) enniva ulppedunnu.
1824 august 1-oode rosini thanne paareesil athukayum 1824 desember 1-nuu theattar-itaaliyante director maarukayum cheythu. "ill barbier dii siviglia", "tancredy" ennivayulppede thante munkaala kruthikalil ettu ennam addeham punarujjeevippichu. addehathinte avasana itaaliyan oopparayaaya "ill viajio eiii reims" 1825 juun 19 nuu kambani pradharshippichenkilum vijayichilla. 1825 septambar 25 nuu paareesil avatharippikkappedunna giacomo mayerbeerinte aadyathe oopparayaaya "ill crossiotoo inn ejitto" addeham nirmmichu. 1825 november 12 nuu kambani saale louisile ninnu naveekaricha aadyathe saale favertilekku maari, avide rosini "semiramide" (1825 desember 1825), "selmira" (1826 march 14) enniva avatharippichu. rossinic keezhil grouppinte gaayakaril giudita paastha, lora sinti-damoro, esttar mombelli, nicolas levassier, carlo suchelli, domenico donselli, felis pellegrini, vincenso grassiani ennivar ulppedunnu. 1826 novemberil pair directorship punaraarambhichu, rossini operayil franch oopparakal srishtikkunnathilekku shradha kendreekarichu. 1827 october vare maathrame oopparayumaayulla theettar-itaaliyante bandham neenduninnulloo, athu kireedatthil ninnu swaathanthryam veendedukkukayum "royal" enna peru nashtappedukayum cheythu. october 2 nuu peyarinu pakaram emily laurent samvidaayakanaayi. 
 maria malibran, hentiet sontag, benedetta rosemonda pisaroni, philippo gallie, luigi lablache, antonio thamburini, jiovanni baattista rubini, giulia grissy ennivayulppedeyulla gaayakare niyamikkunnathinum beliniyude "aii puritani" (1835 januvari 25 nuu phastt salle favertil), donisettiyude "marino faliero" (1835 march 12 nuu phastt salle favertil), saverio merkkadaantinte "aii brigandi" (1836 march 22) ennivayulppedeyulla oopparakal kammeeshan cheiyunnathinum rosini theetre-intaaliyansine sahayichu.
1841-ll thiyettar-instityoonal saale ventadoril sthirathaamasamaakki. 1842-ll rossini 's stebaatt mettarinte' premiier avide kandu. thiyettar-instityoonal geyttaano donisetti, giuseppe verdi ennivarude janapriya kruthikal nirmmikkukayum cheythu, ennaal pinneedu 1878-ll thiyettar adachupoottaan nirbandhithamaayi.
thiyettar-itaaliyan avasaanichenkilum, paareesile itaaliyan bhashayil, chilappol thiyettar dii laa gaite allengil thiyettar duu chaattelettil, prathyekichu oopparayil oopparakal thudarnnu.
aadhunika komadi-inteeriyal.
1980ll samvidaayakanaaya attiliyo magiuli sthaapicha laa komadi itaaliyan aanu innathe thiyettar.

