
ferromon

ore speesheesile amgangalil saamoohika prathikaranatthinu kaaranamakunna sravamo visarjjyamo aaya raasa gadakamaanu ferromon (). sravikkunna vyakthiyude sareerathinu purathu hormonukal pole pravartthikkaanum sweekarikkunna vyakthikalude perumaattatthe badhikkaanum kazhivulla raasavasthukkalaan ferromonukal. alaram ferromonukal", "phudu trial ferromonukal", "sex ferromonukal" ennivayum perumaattatheyo shareerashaasthratheyo badhikkunna mattu palathum undu. adisthaana ekakosha prokaariyottukal muthal sankeernamaaya multisellular yookkariyottukal vare niravadhi jeevikal ferromonukal upayogikkunnu. praanikalkkidayil avayude upayogam prathyekichum nannayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. koodaathe, chila kasherukkalum sasyangalum siliyettukalum ferromonukal upayogichu ashayavinimayam nadathunnu. pheromonukalude paaristhithika pravartthanangalum parinaamavum raasa paristhithi mekhalayile gaveshanathinte oru pradhana vishayamaan.
pashchaathalam.
greak φερω "ferro" ('njaan vahikkunnu'), HHORμων "hormon" ('uthejippikkunna') ennivaye adisthaanamaakki 1959 ll peettar calson martin lusher chernnaanu "ferromon" enna portmando vaakk srishtichathu. pheromonukale chilappol ecto-hormonukal ennum tharamthirikkunnu. jeane-henry fabrey, joseph eiii ennivarulppede vividha shaasthranjar neratthe avayekkurichu gaveshanam nadathiyirunnu. lintnar, adolph beautnand, ethologist kaal voonn frish ennivar avare vividha perukalil vilichu, udaaharanathinu "alaram padaarthangal". eee raasa sandesavaahakar sareerathinu purathu kondupookukayum hormon allengil saitokin madhyastha physiological mattangal, koshajwalana signalling, rogaprathirodha samvidaanathile mattangal koodaathe/allengil sweekarthaavil perumatta maattam ennivayulla svayambharana nadiviewham ulppedeyulla neuro sarkyoottukale baadikkukayum cheiyunnu. jarmman biochemist adolph beautnand atharam aadyathe rasavasthuvaaya bombicol, penn pattunoolppuzhukkal inakale aakarshikkunnathinayi purathuvidunna raasaparamaayi nannayi savisheshathayulla ferromon enniva savisheshamaakkiyathin thottupinnaale swaabhaavika swabhaavangal velippeduthunna nirddishta raasa signalukale vivarikkunnathinayi avar eee padam nirddeshichu.
pravartthanam anusarichu vargeekaranam.
koottukettil.
koottaaya aakramanathiloode aathidheya prathirodhatthe marikadakkukayum vettakkarkkethiraaya prathirodham nadathukayum cheiyunna ferromonukal koottukaarude thiranjeduppilaanu pravartthikkunnathu. oru lingamo allengil rund lingangalo adangunna oru sthalathulla oru koottam vyakthikale oru koottam ennu vilikkunnu. purushanirmitha laingika aakarshakangale aggregation ferromonukal ennu vilikkunnu, kaaranam avaa saadhaaranayaayi oru colling saittil iru lingakkaarudeyum varavilekku nayikkukayum ferromon uravidathinu chuttumulla conspecifixinte saandrata vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. mikka laingika pheromonukalum sthreekal uthppaadippikkunnu; laingika aakarshakangalil oru cheria sathamaanam maathrame purushanmaar ulppaadippikkunnulla. koliyopttere, kolambola, dipttera, hemiptere, dictioptera, oorthoopttera ennivayile amgangalil aggregation ferromonukal kandethiyittundu. sameepa dashakangalil, booal veevil ("antonomous grandis"), pee aandu beane veevil ("sittoona linetus", sambharicha uthppanna veevils (udha.jii. "citophilus siamais," "citophilus granarius", "" "citophilus orise" ")". paristhithiparamaayi ettavum thiranjedukkappetta keeda adichamarthal reethikalil onnaanu aggregation ferromonukal. avaa visharahithavum valare kuranja saandrathayil phalapradavumaanu.
alaram.
chila speesheesukal oru vettakkaaran aakramikkumbol oru asthira padaartham purathuvidunnu, athu ore speesheesile amgangalil parakkal (affidukalil) allengil aakramanathinu (urumbukal, theneechakal, chithalukal) kaaranamakum. udaaharanathinu, "vespula schwamosa" oru bheeshaniyekkurichu mattullavare ariyikkaan alaram ferromonukal upayogikkunnu. poolistas exclamansil", alaram ferromonukal incoming vettakkaarkkulla oru munnariyippayum upayogikkunnu. sasyangalilum ferromonukal nilavilunda chila sasyangal meikkumbol alaram ferromonukal purappeduvikkunnu, ithu ayal sasyangalil tannin ulppaadanathinu kaaranamaakunnu. eee tannin sasyabhukkukalkk sasyabhakshanasheshi kuraykkunnu.
epidictic.
praanikalude kaaryatthil epidictic ferromonukal territory pheromonukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. eee pazhangalil muttayidunna penkuttikal eee nigooda padaarthangal avayude klachinu sameepam nikshepikkukayum athe inathile mattu penkuttikalkku avaa mattevideyengilum clutch cheyyanamennu signal nalkukayum cheiyunnathu enganeyennu fabrey nireekshikkukayum shradhikkukayum cheythu."pradarshanavumaayo pradarshanavumaayo (greak 'deexis' ll ninnu) bandhapetta epidictic enna vaakkin vaachaadopathil vyathyasthavum ennaal anubandhavumaaya ardhamundennu shradhikkunnathu sahayakamaakum, vaakkukaliloode anunayippikkunnathinula manushya kala.
praadeshika.
paristhithiyil sthaapichirikkunna praadeshika ferromonukal oru jeeviyude pradeshatthinte athirthikalum swathwavum adayaalappeduthunnu. poochakalilum naaykkalilum, eee hormonukal moothrathil adangiyirikkunnu, avaa avakaashappedunna pradeshatthinte paridhi adayaalappeduthaan sahayikkunna landmaarkkukalil nikshepikkunnu. saamoohika kadal pakshikalil, koodukal, vivaha sammanangal, pradeshatthinte athirthikal enniva munbu 'sthaanachalana pravartthanam' ennu visheshippichirunna perumaattatthode adayaalappeduthaan preen grandhi upayogikkunnu.
vazhithirichuvidunnu.
saamoohika praanikal saadhaaranayaayi trail ferromonukal upayogikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, urumbukal asthiramaaya hydrocarbonukal adangiya ferromonukal upayogichu avarude paatha adayaalappeduthunnu. chila urumbukal bhakshanavumayi koodilekku madangumbol pheromonukalude prarambha paatha idunnu. eee paatha mattu urumbukale aakarshikkukayum oru maargganirddeshamaayi pravartthikkukayum cheiyunnu. bhakshana srothass labhyamaakunnidatholam kaalam, sandarshikkunna urumbukal ferromon paatha thudarchayaayi puthukkipaniyum. peromon vegathil baashpeekarikkappedunnathil thudarchayaaya puthukkal aavasyamaanu. bhakshya vitharanam kurayaan thudangumbol, paatha nirmmaanam nirtthunnu. faravo urumbukal ("monomorium faronis") urumbukalil ozhivakkal swabhaavathinu kaaranamakunna oru vikarshaka ferromon upayogichu bhakshanathilekku nayikkaatha pathakal adayaalappeduthunnu.
kooduthal kaaryakshamamaya koottaaya paryavekshanam ettedukkaan prathirodha trail markerukal urumbukale sahaayichekkam. 
chaara pathakal adayaalappeduthunnathinum paripalikkunnathinum ferromonukal upayogikkunnathinte oru udaaharanam armi urumbu "isittan burshelly" nalkunnu. polybia seresia" polulla kuttichedikal puthiya koodukal kandethumbol, avaa kolaniyude backie bhaagangale puthiya koodundaakkunna sthalathekku nayikkaan ferromonukal upayogikkunnu.
vanaa koodaara kaattarpillar polulla koottam kattakal koottaaya chalanam nedaan upayogikkunna ferromon pathakal sthaapikkunnu.
laingikatha.
mrugangalil, laingika ferromonukal prajananam nadatthaan penpakshiyude labhyathaye soochippikkunnu. aann mrugangalkku avayude speesheesukaleyum genodypineyum kurichulla vivarangal nalkunna ferromonukal purappeduvikkaam.
microscopic thalatthil, niravadhi bacteria enangal (udha.jii. "basilus subtilis," "streptococcus pneumonia", "" "basilus serius" ") ayal bakteeriyakalil" "yogyathayulla" "avasthaye prerippikkunnathinayi chuttumulla maadhyamangalilekku prathyeka rasavasthukkal purathuvidunnu". bacteria koshangale mattu koshangalil ninnu dna edukkaanum eee dna avarude swantham genome ulppeduthaanum anuvadikkunna oru shaareerika avasthayaanu kazhivu, ithu parivartthanam ennu vilikkunna laingika prakriyayaan.
eucariotic sookshumaanukkalil, ferromonukal niravadhi speesheesukalil laingika edapedal prothsaahippikkunnu. yeest "sacharomysus serivisiya", philamentus fungus "neurospora crassa", muker musedo, vaattar mould "akalya ambisexualis", akvaattik fungus "alomyses macroginus", slime mould "dictiosteliyam discoidam", siliyettu protosovan "bleferisma japonicum", multisellular green alga "volvox carteri" enniva eee enangalil ulppedunnu. koodaathe, oru neenthal sthree upekshikkunna trimana ferromon paatha pinthudaraan aann kopepodukalkku kazhiyum, koodaathe pala mrugangaludeyum aann gaameetukal beejasankalanathinaayi oru penn gaameet kandethaan sahaayikkunnathin oru ferromon upayogikkunnu.
urumbu "leptothorax asarvoram", nishaashalabhangal "helicoverpa siya", "agrotis ipsiloon", theneecha "sailokopa sonorina", thavala seudophrine bibrony, chithrasalabha edithinte checkerspot enniva pole nannayi padicha niravadhi praanikalk oru inaye aakarshikkunnathinayi laingika ferromonukal purathuvidunnu, koodaathe chila lepidopteraanukalkk (nishaashalabhangalum chithrashalabhangalum) doore ninnu oru inaye kandethaan kazhiyum. prethamathsyangal polulla chila praanikal leck inacheralil ferromonukal upayogikkunnu. poonthottangalile praanikalude ennam kandethunnathinum nireekshikkunnathinum ferromonukal adangiya kenikal karshakar upayogikkunnu. koodaathe, "koliyas euritheem" chithrashalabhangal ina thiranjedukkunnathinu pradhanappetta oru ghraana soochakamaaya ferromonukal purathuvidunnu.
Hz-2v vairas anubadha sthree "helicoverpa siya" nishaashalabhangalude prathyulpaadana shareerashaasthrathilum perumaattatthilum cheluthunna swaadheenam, purushanmaarude abhaavathil avar vilikkunna swabhaavam prakadippikkukayum palappozhum vilikkukayum cheiyunnu, ennaal niyanthrikkunna sthreekale apekshichu sharashari kuranja kaalayalavilekku. eee sanbarkkangalkku sheshavum vairas baadhicha sthreekal purushanmarumaayi idaykkide sanbarkkam pulartthukayum vilikkunnathu thudarukayum cheythu; avar anchu muthal ezhu madangu vare kooduthal ferromon uthpaadippikkunnathaayi kandethukayum flaitt tunnel pareekshanangalil sthreekale niyanthrikkunnathinekkaal eratti purushanmaare aakarshikkukayum cheythu.
theneecha, kuttichedi enangalum ferromonukal upayogikkunnu. prathyulpaadana kuthaka anuvadikkunna mattu vyakthikalude laingika swabhaavam adichamarthaan chila ferromonukal upayogikkaam-wasp aarr. marjinetta ithu upayogikkunnu. bombus hyperborius inathe sambandhichidatholam, dronukal ennariyappedunna aann, sugandhachihnangalude (ferromonukal) patrolling sarcuteukal raajnjikale kandethunnu. prathyekichum, "bombus hyperborius" ennathinte pheromonukalil octadesenol, 2,3-dihydro-6-transfarnezole, citronellol, jeranilsitronellol enniva ulppedunnu.
kadal archinukal chuttumulla vellathilekku ferromonukal vidunnu, ithu kolaniyile mattu archinukale oresamayam avarude laingika koshangal puranthallaan prerippikkunna oru raasa sandesham ayaykkunnu.
sasyangalil, chila homosporus fernukal antherideojan enna rasavasthu purathuvidunnu, ithu laingika aavishkaarathe badhikkunnu. ithu pheromonukalumaayi valare saamyamullathaan.
matoraal.
perumaattatthil undaakunna prathyaaghaathangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla eee vargeekaranam krithrimamaayi thudarunnu. ferromonukal niravadhi adhika pravartthanangal niraykkunnu.
tharam anusarichu vargeekaranam.
releaser.
sweekarthaavinte perumaattatthil maattam varuthunna pheromonukalaanu releaser ferromonukal. udaaharanathinu, chila jeevikal rund mylilo athil kooduthalo akale ninnu inakale aakarshikkan sakthamaaya aakarshakamaaya thanmathrakal upayogikkunnu. pothuve, itharathilulla ferromon druthagathiyilulla prathikaranam nalkunnu, pakshe vegathil tharamthaazhthappedunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, oru primer ferromon mandagathiyilulla thudakkavum dairkhyavumundu. udaaharanathinu, muyal (ammamar) sasthanikalude ferromonukal purathuvidunnu, athu avarude kunjungalude udanadi nazhsing swabhaavathinu kaaranamaakunnu.
primer.
primer ferromonukal vikasana sambhavangalude maattathinu kaaranamaakunnu (athil avaa mattu ellah pheromonukalil ninnum vyathyasthamaan, ithu perumaattatthil maattathinu kaaranamaakunnu). 1954ll moudu norris "shistoserka gregaria" yilaanu avaye aadyamaayi vivarichathu.
signal.
signal ferromonukal oru prathikaranam sajeevamaakkunna neuro traansmittar release polulla hraswakaala maattangalkk kaaranamaakunnu. udaaharanathinu, lordosis swabhaavam velippeduthunnathinaayi elikalil oru neuro traansmittayi gnrh thanmatra pravartthikkunnu.
ferromon resepterukal.
ghraana eppitheeliyathil.
aarr gram protein-cuppled resepterukalude (i.iii.taar 1, taar 2, taar 5, taar 6, taar 8, taar 9)-taar 1 ozhike-manushyante ghraana eppitheeliyathil prakadippikkunnu. manushyarilum mattu mrugangalilum, chila ferromonukal ulppedeyulla asthiramaaya amine gandhangal kandethunna ghraana resepterukalaayi ghraana eppitheeliyathile taarukal pravartthikkunnu; eee taarukal saamoohika soochanakalude ghraanabaadha kandethalil ulppedunna ferromon resepterukalude oru vibhaagamaayi pravartthikkunnu.
manushyarallaatha mrugangal ulppedunna padanangalude avalokanam soochippikkunnathu ghraana eppitheeliyathile taarukalkk oru risapttar agonistinode aakarshakamo prathikoolamo aaya perumatta prathikaranangal madhyasthatha vahikkaan kazhiyumennu soochippikkunnu. oru taar uthbhavikkunna perumatta prathikaranam oro speesheesilum vyathyaasappedaamennum eee avalokanam abhiprayappettu (udha.jii.taar5 elikalile trimethylamine aakarshanathinum elikalile trimethylamine veruppinum edayaakkunnu). manushyaril, orupakshe oru echttaar5 agonistaayi pravartthikkunnathum manushyare prathikoolamaayi badhikkunna durgandhamullathum mlechavumaaya manam ullathumaaya trimethylamine enna vaalnashtathodulla veruppinu echttaar5 madhyasthatha vahikkunnu; ennirunnaalum, manushyaril trimethylamine ghraanathinu kaaranamakunna oreyoru ghraanagraahakan echttaar5 allah. prasidheekaricha gaveshanangalil echttaar5-mediated trimethylamine veruppu parishodhikkappettilla.
vomeronasal avayavathil.
uragangalil, ubhayajeevikalilum primate ithara sasthanikalilum ferromonukal saadhaarana ghraana stharangaliloodeyum, mookkinum vaayaykkum edayilulla nassica septtathinte adithattil sthithicheyyunna vomeronasal oorgan (vii. enn. oo) allengil jacobsons oorgan vazhiyum kandethunnu, ithu aaksasari ghraana samvidaanathinte aadya gattamaanu. mikka ubhayajeevikalilum uragangalilum primate ithara sasthanikalilum vii. enn. oo kaanappedunnundengilum pakshikalilum muthirnna thimiramulla kurangukalilum (vashathekku abhimukeekarikkunnathinekkal mookkinu thaazhekku abhimukeekarikkunna) kurangukalilum ithu kaanapedunnilla. ferromonukal kandethunnathil manushyante vii. enn. oyude sajeevamaaya punk tharkkavishayamaan; ithu garbhapindatthil vyakthamaayi kaanappedunnundengilum muthirnnavaril ithu ksheenithamo churungukayo poornnamaayum illaathirikkukayo cheiyunnuvennu thonnunnu. v1rs, v2rs, v3rs ennee vomeronasal avayavangalil vomeronasal resepterukalude moonnu vyathyastha kudumbangalaaya ferromon sensing thiricharinjittundu. ivayellaam jii protein-cuppled resepterukalaanenkilum pradhana ghraanavyavasthayude resepterukalumaayi maathram vidooramaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, avayude vyathyastha punk eduthukaanikkunnu.
parinamam.
ferromonukal polulla raasa signalukalude ghraanasamvidhaanam ellah mruga failakalilum nilavilundu, athinaal indriyangalil ettavum pazhakkamullathaanu. ore jeevivargathile amgangalkkidayil bheeshani, lingam, aadhipathyam ennivayude soochanakalodu uchithamaaya perumatta prathikaranangal srishtikkunnathiloode ithu athijeevanathe sevikkunnuvennu nirddeshikkappettittund.
koodaathe, ekakosha prokaariyottukal multisellular yookkariyottukalaayi parinamikkumbol, vyakthikal thammilulla primordial ferromon signalling vyakthigatha jeevikalkkullil paracrine, endocrine signalingaayi parinamichirikkaamennu nirddeshikkappettittund.
raasa soochanakalaal purathuvarunna mrugangalile sameepanam-ozhivakkal prathikaranangal manushyarile vikaarangalude anubhavathinu phylogenetic aditharayaanennu chila rachayithakkal anumaanikkunnu.
laingika pheromonukalude parinamam.
prajananathilninnu vittunilkkuka.
sugandha signalukalude adisthaanathil elikalkku adutha bandhukkale kooduthal vidoora bandhamullah vyakthikalil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum, ithu adutha bandhukkalumayulla inacheral ozhivaakkaanum doshakaramaaya prajananathe kuraykkaanum avare praptharaakkunnu. 
elikalkku purame, rund inam bumblebee, prathyekichu bombus bipherius, bombus frigidus enniva inn breeding ozhivakkaan bandhukkalude thirichariyal maargamaayi ferromonukal upayogikkunnathu nireekshikkappettundu. udaaharanathinu, bii. bipherius purushanmaar "patrolling" swabhaavam prakadippikkunnu, athil avar ferromonukal upayogichu avarude koodukalkku purathulla nirddishta pathakal adayaalappeduthukayum thudarnnu eee pathakal "patrolling" cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. bandhamillaattha prathyulpaadana sthreekal eee pathakalil purushanmaar nikshepikkunna pheromonukalilekku aakarshikkappedunnu, patrolling nadathumbol eee sthreekale abhimukeekarikkunna purushanmaarkk avayumaayi inacheraam. bombus inathile mattu theneechakal "bombus lapidarius" polulla precopulatory signalukalaayi ferromonukal purappeduvikkunnathaayi kandethiyittundu.
aaplikkeshanukal.
ferromon trapping.
japanese vandu, acrobat urumbu, jipsy moth thudangiya chila keeda praanikalude ferromonukal athath praanikale nireekshana aavasyangalkkaayi keniyil pedutthaanum ashayakkuzhappam srishtikkunnathiloodeyum inacheraline thadassappeduthunnathiloodu kooduthal muttayidunnathu thadayunnathinum upayogikkaam.
mrugasamrakshanam.
vithaykkalukalil eastress kandethunnathinu ferromonukal upayogikkunnu. panniyude ferromonukal staiyilekku thalikkukayum laingika uthejanam prakadippikkunna aaa vithumbukal nilavil prajananam nadatthaan labhyamaanenn ariyappedunnu.
manushya laingika ferromon vivaadangal.
manushyar drishya soochanakale valareyadhikam aashrayikkumbol, aduthullappol manam saamoohika laingika perumattangalil oru punk vahikkunnu. manushya pheromonukale padikkunnathile oru antharleenamaaya budhimuttu manushya pankaalikalil shuchithvathinteyum gandhakkuravinteyum aavasyakathayaanu. vividha gaveshakar avayude nilanilppinte saadhyatha anweshichittundengil, oru piyar review padanatthil manushyante perumaattatthe nerittu swaadheenikkunna oru ferromonal padaarthavum ithuvare theliyikkappettittilla. saadhyamaaya moonnu tharam manushya pheromonukalil pareekshanangal shradha kendreekarichittundu aaksilari stiroyidukal, yoni aliphatic aasidukal, vomeronasal avayavathinte uthejakangal.
aaksilari stiroyidukal.
vrishanangal, andashayangal, apocrine grandhikal, adrenal grandhikal ennivayaanu aaksilari stiroyidukal uthpaadippikkunnathu. laingika stiroyidukal avayude pravartthanatthe swaadheenikkumbol praayapoorthiyaakunnathuvar eee rasavasthukkal jaivashaasthraparamaayi sajeevamalla. praayapoortthiyaakunna samayat pravartthanatthile maattam soochippikkunnathu manushyarkk durgandhathiloode ashayavinimayam nadatthaam ennaanu. androstadianol, androstaadiyanon, androstenol, aandrostenon, aandrosteron enningane niravadhi aaksilari stiroyidukale saadhyamaaya manushya pheromonukalaayi visheshippichittundu.
manushyarkk ferromonukal undennu parinamaparamaaya adisthaanathil pratheekshikkaamenkilum, eee moonnu thanmaathrakalum angane pravarthikkunnuvennu ithuvare karsanamaayi theliyikkappettittilla. eee mekhalayile gaveshanangalkk cheria sample valuppangal, prasidheekarana pakshapaatham, thettaaya positteevukal, mosham reethishaasthram enniva neridendi vannittundu.
yoniyile aliphatic aasidukal.
yoniyile draavakangalil aarr tharam uthpaadippikkunna penn reases kurangukalil oru tharam aliphatic aasidukal (oru tharam carboxylic aasidaayi asthiramaaya phaatti aasidukal) kandethi. eee aasidukalude samyojanathe "kopulinukal" ennu vilikkunnu. aasidukalilonnaya asattik assid sample cheytha sthreeyude ellah yoniyilumaanu kandethiyathu. manushyaril polum, moonnilonnu sthreekalkkum aarr tharam kopulinukalundu, avaa andotpaadanathinu munbu alavil vardhikkunnu. andothpaadanathe soochippikkaan kopulinukal upayogikkunnu; ennirunnaalum, manushyante andotpaadanam marachuvekkunnathinaal avaa laingika aashayavinimayamallatha kaaranangalal upayogikkaamenn karuthappedunnu.
vomeronasal avayavathinte uthejakangal.
manushyante vomeronasal avayavathinu oru raasa censory oorganaayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyunna epitheeliyayundu; ennirunnaalum, vii. enn. oo resepterukale encode cheiyunna jeenukal manushyaril pravarthanarahithamaaya syoodojinukalaanu. koodaathe, manushyante vii. enn. oo. yill censory neuronukal undengilum vii. enn. oyum kendra naadeevyavasthayum thammil bandhamillenn thonnunnu. anubandha ghraana bulb garbhapindatthil undengilum praayapoortthiyaayavarude thalachoril pinnott pookukayum aprathyakshamaakukayum cheiyunnu. manushyante vii. enn. oo pravartthikkunnundena hormonukalodu "linga-nirddishta reethiyil" maathrame prathikarikkukayulloovenna chila reportukal vannittundu. ghraana shleshmathil ferromon risapttar jeenukalum kandethiyittundu. vii. enn. oo illaatha aalukaleyum athu ulla aalukaleyum thaarathamyam cheiyunna pareekshanangalonnum nadannittilla. rasavasthukkal vii. enn. oo vazhiyo mattu koshangaliloodeyo thalachorilekku athunnundo enna kaaryatthil tharkkamund.
2006ll, randaamathe mouse risapttar sub klaas ghraana eppitheeliyathil kaanapedunnuvennu kaanichu. trace amine-anubandha resepterukal (taar) ennu vilikkappedunna chilath mouse moothrathil kaanapedunna asthiramaaya amainukalaal sajeevamaakunnu, oru anumana mouse ferromon ulppede. manushyaril orthologas resepterukal nilavilundu, manushya ferromon kandethunnathinulla oru samvidaanathinulla thelivukal nalkunnuvennu rachayithakkal nirddeshikkunnu.
ferromonukal pravartthikkunna samvidaanangalekkurichu tharkkangalundenkilum, ferromonukal manushyare badhikkunnu ennathinu thelivukalundu. eee thelivukal undaayirunnittum, manushyarkk pravarthanakshamamaaya ferromonukal undennu vyakthamaayi theliyikkappettittilla. chila ferromonukal manushyaril nalla swaadheenam cheluthunnuvennu soochippikkunna pareekshanangal mattullavar ethirkkunnu, avaykku oru falavumillennu soochippikkunnu.
rogaprathirodha samvidaanathekkurichulla vivarangal nalkaan eee aaksilari durgandhangal upayogikkunnu ennathaanu ippol padichukondirikkunna oru sidhaantham. aalukal thiranjeduttha krithrima gandhangal bhaagikamaayi nirnnayikkunnath avayude pradhana histocompattibilit complexukal (emechsi) samyojanamaanennu millinsky sahapravarthakarum kandethi. oru vyakthiyude rogaprathirodha samvidaanathekkurichulla vivarangal "laingika thiranjeduppinte" oru maargamaayi upayogikkaam, athuvazhi sthreek avalude santhathikalkku nalla jeenukal labikkum. emm. echu. sii. yill ninnu vyathyasthamaaya aalukalude aaksilari durgandhamaanu purushanmaarum sthreekalum eshtappedunnathennu closs vedekind sahapravarthakarum kandethi.
chila body spray parasyadaathaakkal thangalude uthppannangalil kaamoddeepakamaayi pravartthikkunna manushya laingika ferromonukal adangiyittundennu avakaashappedunnu. eee avakaashavaadangal undaayirunnittum, oru piyar review padanatthil manushyante perumaattatthe nerittu swaadheenikkunna oru ferromonal padaarthavum ithuvare theliyikkappettittilla. athinaal, manushyante perumaattatthil pheromonukalude punk oohaapohaparavum vivaadaparavumaayi thudarunnu.

