
bittis

aafrikkayilum thekkan arabian upadveepilum kaanapedunna vishamulla vaipparukalude oru janussaanu bittis. lokathile ettavum valuthum cheruthumaaya vypparukal ithil ulppedunnu. urakke chirikkumbozhum puff cheiyumbozhum shareeram veerppikkukayum thaazhthukayum cheiyunna savisheshamaaya bheeshani pradarshanangalkku amgangal ariyappedunnu. eee janussinte tharam inam "bii" aanu. aafrikkayil ettavum vyaapakamaayi vitharanam cheyyappedunna wiper koodiyaanu eriyattans. nilavil 18 enangal thiricharinjittundu.
eee janussile amgangal saadhaaranayaayi aafrikkan aadezhs, aafrikkan vaipezhs allengil puff aadezhs ennariyappedunnu.
vivaranam.
eee janussile valippa vyathyasam valare cheruth muthal valare valuthaanu. sneedery", "ithu paramavadhi valarukayum orupakshe lokathile ettavum cheria viperid aayirikkukayum cheiyunnu, valare valia" bii. gabonica ", ithu oru neelam nedaan kazhiyum, ithu lokathile ettavum bharameriya vaipparaan.
ellaavarkkum veethiyullathum thrikonaakrithiyilullathumaayu thalayum vrithaakrithiyilulla mookkum kazhuthil ninnu vyathyasthavum cheruthum keel cheythathum ulcherthathumaaya skeyilukalaal moodappettathumaanu. canthus vyathyasthamaan. niravadhi enangalkku kombukalkku samanamaaya valarnna rostral allengil soopparbittal skeyilukalundu. ivayude annukal thaarathamyena cheruthaanu. avaykku puratthekko mukalilekko nayikkunna valia mookkukalundu. cheria skeyilukalude aarr varikal vare rostral, nassel skeyilukale verthirikkunnu. ellah enangalkkum nannayi vikasippicha supranasal sanchi undu. oru jody aavarthichulla nakhangale maathram pinthunaykkunna maxillary asthikalude munvashangal valare cheruthaanu.
eee paambukal mithamaayatho valare kattiyullatho aanu. avayude shareerangal keel cheytha skeyilukalaal moodappettirikkunnu, avaa appikkal kuzhikalaal ulkkollunnu (overlapping). madhyabhaagathu, dorsal skeyilukal nambar 21-46. paarshwabhaagathu, dorsal skeyilukal alpam charinjekkaam. ventral skeyilukal, athaayath 112-153, valuthum vrithaakruthiyilullathum chilappol cheria laattaral keelukalullathumaanu. avarude vaalukal cheruthaanu. guda skeyil ekamaanu. jodiyakkiya subcoudal skeyilukal nambar 16-37 chilappol vashathayi keel cheiyunnu.
bhoomishaasthraparamaaya paridhi.
aafrikkayilum thekkan arabian upadveepilum puff aaderukal kaanapedunnu.
perumaattam.
"bittis" enangal uchathilulla hissing allengil puffing bheeshani pradarshanangalil avarude shareerathe veerppikkukayum deflate cheyyukayum cheiyunna swabhaavathinu perukettathaanu. avaa bhoumaparamaaya aakramana vettakkaaraan, mandagathiyilullathaayi thonnumenkilum athisayakaramaaya vegathayil adikkaan kazhiyum. crotaline upakudumbathile pittvaipparukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, "bittis" enangalkku choodu sensitiivu avayavangal illennu thonnunnu, koodaathe iraye anukarikkunna choodullathum thanuppullathumaya vasthukkalodu laborattari parisodhanakalil avayude perumaattatthil vyathyasangalonnum kaanichittilla.
pala "bittis" speesheesukalilum deerghachathuraakrithiyilulla chalana reethi valare saadhaaranamaanu.
punarnirmmaanam.
ellah amgangalum sajeevamaan, chilar dhaaraalam santhathikalkku janmam nalkunnu.
visham.
eee janussile ellah amgangalum apakadakaarikalaanu-chilath angeyattam apakadakaramaanu. kuranjathu aarr vyathyastha polivalant aantivenomukalenkilum labhyamaan. aventis pasture (france), pasture merriax (france), sammer (dakshinaafrikka) ennivayaanu anjennam nirmmikkunnath. ivayellaam "bii" yill ninnu prathyekamaayi samrakshikkunnu. eriyattansum naalum bii ulkkollunnu. gabonica ". kuranjathu oraalenkilum "bii" yill ninnu kadiyettathil ninnu prathyekamaayi samrakshikkunnu. nassicornis ": india aantiseram aphrica polivalant. munkaalangalil, mattu "bittis" speesheesukalil ninnulla kadiyettathine chikilsikkaan atharam aantivenomukal upayogichirunnuvenkilum sammishra phalangalaayirunnu.
speeshees.
"*) naamanirddesham cheytha upajaathikal ulppeduthiyitla."<bii. aarr.>
tii ") tharam speesheesukal.
vargeekaranam.
lenk thudangiyava. (1999) "bittis" enangal thammilulla phylogenetic bandhangal kanakkakkaan molecular daatta (rogaprathirodha doorangalum mitocondrial dna sequenceukalum) upayogichu. avar naalu pradhana monophylatic grouppukale thiricharinju, athinaayi avar naalu upavibhagangal srishtichu
thalkkalam, naamakaranatthe sambandhichidatholam eee vibhajanam cheria falamaanu undaakkunnath. ennirunnaalum, oru janussinullile upavibhaagathinte nirvachanam palappozhum varaanirikkunna vibhajanathinte adayaalamaanu. athinaal, eee paambukalil thalpparyamullavar eee puthiya upavibhagangalumaayi svayam parichayappedunnathaanu nallath.