
bunny sakhar

jordaanile ettavum valuthum swaadheenamullathumaaya gothrasakhyangalilonnaanu benii sakharsakhyasanghadanaasabha. bunny sakhar pathinaram noottaandil thanne jordanilekku kudiyeraan thudangukayum pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathode swaadheenamulla oru gothramaayi valarukayum cheythu. 1986 leeii jordanian thiranjeduppu niyamamanusarichu, bunny sakhar gothram pathinaalu vamshangalaal nirmmithamaann alle-fayis; alle-jahavshe; alle-khirshaan; alle-jbor; alle-salim; alle-badreen; alle-guda; alle-hammed; alle-shrah, alle-saben (parambaraagathamaayi bunny sakharinte qaa 'abnah pakuthi ennu koottaayi ariyappedunnu); alle-ghbeen; alle-ameer; alle-qaa' abna; alle-hagesh; alle-saleet, alle-taibeen (parambaraagathamaayi bunny sakharinte twaga pakuthi ennariyappedunnu).
charithram.
uthbhavam.
onniladhikam gothrangalkk nalkiyirunna oru gothrapadaviyaayirunnu bunny sakhar, ennaal eee gothrangalil ettavum valuthum prashasthavumaayava bunny thaayiyil ninnulla sakhar alle-thaayunte puthranmaaraan, avar avarude vamshathe prashasthamaaya khahtaaniya gothratthinte kuttakrithyamaayi paraamarsikkunnu; prathyekichu kahlani upagroop. sakhar alle-thaayoonum ippol bunny sakharum pradhaanamaayum "simhangalude parvathatthinte" mukalil thaamasichirunna ippol aalipazha mekhalayilaanu thaayikal thaamasichirunnathu.
pinneedu bunny sakhar theyma bhoomi kaivashappeduthunnathinayi alle-ulayilekku kudiyeri; avide avar bunny harbinode chernnullavaraayirunnu; ithu rund gothrangalude koodicheralilekku nayichu, ithu chila vamshaavalivaadikale thettilekku nayikkukayum bunny sakhar gothrathe bunny haarbinte bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. khaibaril vasichirunna bunny anassayodoppam bunny sakharum undaayirunnu, koodaathe rund gothrangalkkidayil niravadhi samghattanangal undaayi, ooriyantalist frederic jerard peak thante "eiii histtari oof jordan aandu itts tribes" enna pusthakatthil, 1958 ll bunny sakhar gothram levantilekku kudiyeraanulla vazhiyil anassayile gothrangalumaayi ettumutti. anassayude paraajayathode yuddham avasaanikkukayum avarude chila upagrooppukale kooduthal vadakkott kudiyeraan nirbandhikkukayum ithu rund gothrangalum thammilulla shathruthaye vishadeekarikkukayum cheiyunnu.
bunny sakharum alle-dhafeer gothrangalum thammilulla ettumuttalum avar alle-dhafeerine paraajayappedutthiyathum addeham frederikkinte pusthakatthil rekhappeduthiyittundu. ennirunnaalum, alle-dhafeer avarude kuthira sultan ibnu suvithinte neethrthwathil veendum onnikkukayum arabian upadveepinte vadakkott pookunna bunny sakharine pinthudarukayum cheythu. soudi-jordan athirthiyile ippol asrakh ennariyappedunna vaadi asrakkil rund gothrangalum veendum kandumutty. alle-dhafeerile gothrangale paraajayappeduthaan baanu sakharinu orikkalkkoodi kazhinju, aaa pradeshathe thante shavakudeerathil addehathinte (ghadeer sultan) perilulla oru jala malayidukkinu sameepam shekh sultan ibnu suvithine vadhichu.
bunny sakhar pinneedu alle-balkhayilekku neengiyengilum gothrangal avare swaagatham cheyyaathathinaal avarude thamasam adikakaalam neenduninnilla, prathyekichu eee pradeshathu avarude swaadheenam vyapippichavar. bunny sakhar palastheenil pooyi taamasiyaathe alle-balkhayilekku madangunnathuvare kurachu kaalam thaamasichu. eee samayat, eee pradesham alle-balkhayilum parisara pradeshangalilum vasichirunna gothrangalkk nikuthi chumatthiyirunna sardia gothratthinte paramaadhikaarathinu keezhilaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum bunny sakhar madangiyethiyappol avar nikuthi chumathaan visammathichu, ithu avarkkidayil chooderiya saahacharyathilekku nayichu.
eee samgharsham bunny sakharum alle-adwan thammilulla aadya sakhyathilekku nayikkukayum avide avar sardia gothrathe unmoolanam cheyyuka enna uddeshyathode sainyathil cherukayum cheythu.
pashchaathalam.
1799ll, general klebarinte neethrthwathil nepolian sainyathil ninnulla oru senaykkethiraaya poornna thothilulla yudhathil benii sakhar ezz-sabhayodum mattu gothrangalodum chernnu. thokkukaludeyum peerankikaludeyum kaaryatthil franchukaarkku athra nettamundaayirunnathil benii sakarinte nethaavu amir raaba thante kunthatthinte falapraapthiyekkurichu abhipraayappettukondu thanikk "oru vadi upayogichu narakatthil neenthan kazhiyillennu" paranju."
pathonpathaam noottaandil benii sakhar naadodikalaayi jeevichirunnu. ottakangalude vyaapaarathile avarude kuthakayil ninnum theerthaadakarkkum sandarshakarkkum nalkaan kazhiyunna samrakshanathil ninnumaanu avarude varumanam vannath. 1867-ll automan saamrajyam oru raid aarambikkukayum athu benii sakharine paraajayappedutthukayum sthaapitha vaasasthalangalil ninnu "khuvaa" (samrakshana panam) shekharikkunnathinulla avarude sambradaayam avasanippikkukayum cheythu.
1920 vare ambathu varshakkalam bunny sakhar alle rasheed raajavamshathinte suhruthukkalaayirunnu. ibnu soudinte nejd keezhadakkiyathodeyaanu eee bandham avasaanichathu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil shummer gothratthinte neethrthwathekkurichulla samgharshathethudarnnu abdullah ibnu rasheed ibnu alii kudumbatthil ninnu palayanam cheythappol ithinu verukalundaayirunnu. ibnu rasheed sahodaran otta ottakavumayi benii sakharinte nethaavum hadeeta alle-khraishayude pithavumaaya alii alle-khraishayude koodaarangalil ethi. sheikh alii alle-kraisha avide illaayirunnuvenkilum avarkk aathidheyathvam nalki. raathriyil ottakam chatthu, pittennu avar kaalnadayaayi parannu. campil ninnu kurachu akale avar veettilekku madangiyethiya sheikh alii alle-crishaye kandumutty. avarude katha ketta addeham thaan oodikkunna ottakathe kondupokaan nirbandhichu, thante campilekku vanna oru athidhiyum kaalnadayaayi pokaruthennu avakashappettu. nejadil ibnu rasheed adhikaarathil vannappol eee pravrithi oormmikkappettu.
1875-ll, palestine exploration fundinte sarway teamile oru amgam, houraanile benii sakharil ninnu vannathayi avakaashappedunna ghorile benii sakharil 100 muthal 300 vare kannukaalikalum niravadhi aadukalum aadukalum ottakangalum kuthirakalum adangiya niravadhi koottangal kandethiyathayi report cheythu. ezho etto varsham munbu mohammed nablasinte pasha ennuparanjathukondu avarude adikaaram thakartthathinaal mumbathethinekkaal kurachumaathrame ottakangal undaayirunnulloovennum ennaal nilavile sarkkar vandhyathayaayirunnuvennum addeham paraamarsikkunnu. addeham 150 koodaarangal ennukayum gothratthinte shakti 400 aanennu kanakkaakkukayum cheythu.
rund varshathinu sesham, 1877 ll lefttanant kichanarude neethrthwathilulla sarway samgham, bunny sakhar jeninilekkulla roadle pinneedu baisan tiberiaykkum idayil thambadichathaayi kandethi. avarude sheikh fendy alle-phayas ettavum sakthanaaya praadeshika nethaavaanennum 4,500 poraalikale orumippikkaan kazhiyumennum kichan report cheythu. arab adhiniveshangalude aadya noottaandukalilethaanenna karuthappedunnathum sarkkaarumaayi nalla bandhathilaayathum aaya oru meyil kottu sheikh adukkalakkaarane kaanichu. mechil ottakangal bhakshikkunnath ozhivakkaan praadeshika karshakarkk avarude vilakal neratthe vilavedukkendivannuve gothram niyamavirudhathayude lakshanangalonnum kaanichilla. benii sakhar balkansil nadannukondirikkunna yudhathil thaalparyam kaanikkukayum thurkkikalodu sakthamaaya veruppu prakadippikkukayum cheythu.
1877 novemberil adukkalakkaaran veendum bayney sakhar sandarshichu. eee samayam avar samshayathinu vidheyanaaya oru britiish manushyanaaya misttar gaalinte naasarathinu sameepam nadanna kolapaathakathetthudarnnu jesreel thaazhvarayile serinu chuttumulla pradesham vittukondu vaadi farayil camp cheythu. hajj theerthaadakarkku ottakam vilkkunna bosrayil sheikh fendy undaayirunnilla. benii sakhar eee vyaapaarathil kuthaka kaivarikkanulla aduthirunnu, oru seasonil 1,500 poundu sambaadikkaan kazhiyum. bosrayil aayirikkumbol sheikh arasttilaayi. addehathinte makan oru rakshaapravarthanathinide kollappettu. pithaavine mochippikkukayum "njaanum ente makan sulthaante daasanmaaraayirunnu, ippol addehathinu orennam kuravaanu" ennu parayukayum cheythathayi reportund. gothram rakthachorichilil earppedillennu ithinartham.
1891ll kerakinu vadakku bayney sakharum hameeda thammil nadanna poraattam missionarymar report cheythu. 1893ll veendum benii sakharum anassi thammilulla poraattam kaaranam kerakinum madaabaykkum edayilulla paatha adachu.
1917 juunil bunny sakharinte nethaakkaliloraalaaya fawaz ell phayas tii. yumayi oru rahasya koodikkaazhcha nadatthi.iii. laurence. damascasile oru turkey virudha samithiyile amgamaayirunnu ell phayas, laurence thante sainika prachaaranatthinu pinthuna thedukayaayirunnu. koodikkazhchaykku thottupinnaale laurence vanchana bhayann oodi rakshapettu. taamasiyaathe ell phayas kollappettu. 1918 joonode bunny sakhar thurkkikalodulla ethirppil aikyappedukayum hussaini senaykk oru maasathil 30,000 poundu (2020 epril vareyulla panapperuppavumaayi krameekaricha 1,715 poundu, 944.76) chelavil kuranjathu pathinonnayiram perenkilum nalkaan vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. koodaathe avar kerakkinteyum madebayudeyum vilaveduppu sambhavana cheyyum.
1923ll ibnu soudinte ikhvaan ikhvaan, bunny sakhar gothrathilppetta ammaanil ninnu 12 mile thekk rund gramangal koottakkola cheythukondu transjorden emirettinu nere avarude aadya akramanam aarambhichu. rund divasathe yudhathil, hadeed gothratthinte sahaayathode bunny sakharile gothrakkaarkk aakramanakaarikale paraajayappeduthaan kazhinju. aakramanakaarikal pinwangan thudangiyathinu sesham maathramaan britiish kavachitha kaarukalum vimaanangalum avare thadanjathu.
1933 epril 8 nuu benii sakharile alle-fayasinte thalavanaaya sheikh mitkhal pasha alle-phayas, loka siyonist samghadanayude president cheyim weisman palestine siyonist rashtreeya vibhaagathinte thalavan cheyim arlosorophyne jerusalemile king david hotelil kandumuttya oru prathinidhi samghathile amgamaayirunnu.
1920kalilum 1930kalilum nadanna sambhavangalude oru parambara avarude naadodi jeevitashailiyil kooduthal sammarddam cheluthukayum oduvil kshaamathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. akkaalat britiish sarkkar bharichirunna jordan bunny sakharine ithil ninnu rakshichu. pakaramaayi, britishukaar bunny sakhar avarude naadodi jeevitashaili upekshikkukayum ardha naadodi jeevithathilekku kooduthal thiriyukayum cheythu. athinusheshamulla pathittaandukalil, thangalude bhoomiyude oru bhagam upekshikkaan bunny sakharmaarkku melulla sammarddam avarkkum jordan sarkkarinum idayil idaykkide samgharshathinu kaaranamaayi. ennirunnaalum, abdullah onnaaman raajaavinte kaalam muthal eee gothram ellaayppozhum hashimite bharanakudumbatthinte sakthamaaya sakhyakakshikalayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.