
kalkutta kallu

1041 muthal kahuripan raajyathile rajaavaaya airlanga bharanakaalathu samskrithathilum pazhaya javaniyilum ezhuthiya oru purathana javanese likhithamaanu kalkutta kallu allengil indoneshyayil pukankan likhitham ennariyappedunnathu, ithu chila sambhavangalum raajaavinte rajakeeya vamshavaliyum vishadeekarikkunnu. javanese charithratthile ettavum mikacha rajaavukaliloraalaaya airlanga raajaavinte jeevithakatha eee likhitham erekkure vivarikkunnu, koodaathe isyana raajavamshathile dharmavangasa raajaavinte pingamiyaaya jaavayude sariyaaya bharanadhikaariyenna nilayilum addehathinte vamshavali vishadeekarikkunnu. pathonpathaam noottaand muthal innuvare indiayile kolkkathayile (kalkatta) indian myoosiyathil sookshichirikkunnathil eee likhitham "kalkatta kallu" ennariyappettirunnu.
oru ekashilayil alekhanam cheytha rund vyathyastha vashangalulla oru dwibhasha likhithamaanu pukkaankan likhitham. munbhagam pazhaya javanese bhashayilum maruvasham samskrithathilumaanu ezhuthiyirikkunnathu. rund likhithangalum kavi lipiyilaan (purathana javanese lipi) ezhuthappettirikkunnathu. likhithathinte adithattil "padma" (thamara) peedam kondu alankarichirikkunna pooyinti topulla oru blokkaanu likhithathinte aakruthi. eee likhithathile oru vakkil ninnaan "pukankan" enna peru uruthirinjathu. innu kizhakkan jaavayile mojokerto regencyil sthithi cheiyunna penangun parvathatthinte charivukalile oru sthalathinte peraayirunnu ithu.
ulladakkam.
pathinonnam noottaandinte aadya varshangalil isyana raajavamshathinte kizhakkan javanese matharam raajyathin sambhavicha bhayanakamaaya "praalaya" (durantham) yekkurichu likhitham vivarikkunnu. 1016ll, lwaramil ninnulla oru saamanta rajaavaaya uravaari prakopippicha kalapam thalasthaanamaaya vattugaluh nasippikkaan kaaranamaayi. shree makuthavangaswardhante pingamiyaaya bharikkunna rajaavaaya dharmavangsa addehathinte muzhuvan kudumbavum addehathinte niravadhi prajakalum kollappettu. annu ekadesham 16 vayassulla yuva airlangaikku maathrame parikkelkkaathe rakshappedaan kazhinjulloo.
kandethal.
kizhakkan jaavayile penangan parvathatthinte charivil ninnu kandethiya pukkaankan likhitham baattaaviyayile jaavayude britiish govarnor generalaya sarr thomas stamford rafflesinu ayachu. 1812ll raffles ithu sanguran likhithathodoppam kalkattayile indiayude govarnor generalaya mintoo prabhuvinu nandiyude adayaalamaayi ayachu. eee likhitham kalkutta myoosiyathil sookshichirikkumbol sanguran likhitham mintoo prabhu skotlandile roxburgshireile havikkilulla thante estettilekku thirike kondupoyi.
likhitham.
likhithathile chila vaakyangalude udharani.

