albugo

sasya-parannabhojikalaaya oomaiseettukalude oru janussaanu albugo. eee jeeviyekkurichulla niravadhi charchakal ippozhum oru fangazai kanakkaakkunnundenkilum avaa yadhaartha fungus (yumaikota) allah. eee janussinte vargeekaranam apoornnamaanengilum niravadhi enangal sasya rogakaarikalaan. "nilavil albujinesi kudumbatthil vivarichirikkunna moonnu janussukalil onnaanu "albugo", pala speesheesukaludeyum vargeekaranam ippozhum ozhukukayaanu.
eee jeevi bhoomiyude mukalilulla sasyakoshangalil velutha thurumbu allengil velutha kumilakal rogangalkk kaaranamaakunnu. eee jeevikal palatharam sasyangale baadhikkumbol, anubaadhayude vinashakaramaaya vasham beatoot (poonthottavum panchasarayum), brassels mulappichava, kaabej, chainees kaabej, coliflower, collardukal, garden cress, kaale, cheera, kaduk, parsnip, radish, horseradish, rhapseed, salsifay (karuppum veluppum), cheera, madhurakkizhang, turnipukal, watercress, orupakshe vaattar-spinach ennivayulppede chila kaarshika vilakalil parimithappedutthiyirikku.
sangraham.
albugo" fungus polulla rogakaarikal moolamundaakunna velutha thurumbu sasyarogangale velutha pine blisttar thurumbu, krisanthimam vaitt thurumbu allengil eathenkilum fungus thurumbu ennivayumaayi thettidharikkaruthu, ivayellaam sasya rogangalaanenkilum thikachum vyathyasthamaaya lakshanangalum kaarana rogakaarikalum undu. albugo" moolamundaakunna velutha thurumbinte lakshanangalil saadhaaranayaayi ilayude mukalbhaagathu manja paadukalum ilayude adibhaagathu velutha pusttukalumaanu ulppedunnathu. kaatt, vellam, praanikal ennivayiloodeyaanu rogakaarikal padarunnathu. prathirodhasheshiyulla krishiyidangalude upayogam, sariyaaya jalasechana reethikal, vilakalude bhramanakramam, shuchithvam, raasa niyanthranam enniva maanejmentil ulppedunnu. velutha thurumbu oru pradhana saambathika rogamaanu, ithu niyanthrikkunnillengil gurutharamaaya vilanashtangalkku kaaranamaakunnu.
aathidheyar, lakshanagal.
velutha thurumbu rogakaarikal chlorotic (manjaniramulla) shathangalum chilappol ilayude mukal prathalatthil gulz srishtikkunnu, koodaathe ilayude adibhaagathu sporanjiyayude velutha kumilakal polulla dispersal pustyoolukal undu. albuginezi inam pala aathidheya enangaludeyum shaakhakaleyum pookkalude bhaagangaleyum roopabhedam varuthunnu. aathidheya enangalil brassicase kudumbatthile mikka sasyangalum allengilum ellah sasyangalum, saadhaarana kaarshika kalakalum chuvade vyakthamakkiyavayum ulppedunnu.
rogachakram.
velutha thurumbu oru nirbandhitha paraannabhojiyaan. ithinartham valarukayum punarulppaadippikkuyum cheiyunnathinu oru jeevichirikkunna aathidheyan aavasyamaanu ennaanu. pala ghattangalaayulla (polycyclic) rogachakrathil laingika beejaanukkalum (oosporukal ennu vilikkunnu) alaingika beejaanukkalum (sporanchia ennu vilikkunnu) uthppaadippichaanu albujinesi punarnirmmikkunnath.
kattiyulla mathilukalulla oosporukal pradhana shaityakaala gadanakalaanu, ennaal shaithyakaalath ellah sasya vasthukkalum nasippikkappedaatha saahacharyangalilum mysiliyathinu athijeevikkaan kazhiyum. vasanthakaalath oosporukal mulaykkukayum sporangiophoreukal ennariyappedunna cheria thandukalil sporanjia ulppaadippikkukayum cheiyunnu, avaa elaykkullil valare irukiyirikkunnu, avaa epidermis pottikkukayum thalphalamaayi kaattil vyaapikkukayum cheiyunnu. swathanthramaaya sporanchiyaykk onnukil oru jerm tube upayogichu nerittu mulaykkaano allengil biflagelet motile soosporukal utppaadippikkaan thudangaano kazhiyum. eee soosporukal pinneedu jalathinte oru padiyil neenthukayum oronnum sporanchiyam pole oru jerm tube nirmmikkukayum cheiyunnu, athu stomayilekku thulachukayarunnu. oomisettu aathidheya chediye vijayakaramaayi aakramikkumbol, athu valarukayum punarulppaadippikkuyum cheiyunnu.
paristhithi.
rogikalil ninnu aarogyamulla sasyangalilekku velutha thurumbu chitharunnathinum athinte falamaayundaakunnathumaaya anubaadhaykk anukoolamaaya saahacharyangal sharathkaalathum vasanthakaalathum ettavum saadhaaranamaanu. puthiya anubaadhakalude vyapanathinum roopeekaranathinum eerppamullathum thanuthathumaaya avasthakalaanu eee rogakaarikal eshtappedunnathu. neremarichu, choodullathum varandathumaaya saahacharyangalil ithu apoorvvamaayi maathrame baadhikkukayulloo. "albugo" valare thaapanila sensitiivu aanu, anubaadhaykk anuyojyamaaya thaapanila paridhi. eee opttimal paridikk purathu thaapanila valare akaleyaanengil mulaykkalinum anubaadhaykkum saadhyatha ganyamaayi kuravaanu.
neriya mazhayo deerghakaalathekku nilanilkkunna jalasechanamo roga vikasanathinu anuyojyamaanu. rogakaariyude anubadha urappakkaan ilayude uparithalangal kuranjathu 2 muthal 3 manikorengilum nananjirikkanam. vaitt rust lokamembaadum vyaapichukidakkunnu, koodaathe onniladhikam vithukalude uthppaadanam kaaranam vyathyastha kaalaavasthaye athijeevikkaan ithinu kazhiyum.
maanejment.
albugo" rogakaariyude swabhaavam kaaranam velutha thurumbu niyanthrikkunnath valare budhimuttaanu. prathyeka vilakalkkum ulppaadana samvidaanangalkkum anusrithamaayaanu niyanthrana reethi. athukondaanu niyanthrana reethikalude vyapthiyum sthaanavum nirnnayikkunnathin nirddishta aathidheyarude (vilakalum saadhyamaaya kalakalum) thirichariyal aavasyamaanu.
"albugo" eerppamullathum eerppamullathumaaya saahacharyangalil vyaapikkunnu, athinaal eee avasthakalil beejamsham pakwata praapichathinu sesham vyaapanam parimithappeduthunnathinna rogabadhithamaaya vayalukaliloodeyulla chalanam parimithappedutthanam. thanuthathum eerppamullathumaaya kaalaavasthayil jalasechanam kuraykkuka, ila vegathil unangaan anuvadikkunnathinu kaattuveezhchakal illaathaakkuka enniva prayojanakaramaanu. anubadha thirichariyumbol, vyavasthaapithamaayi baadhicha sasyavasthukkal (konnutheerttha vilakal ulppede) poornnamaayum neekkam cheyth nasippikkanam. adhika vasthukkal neekkam cheiyunnathinum vyaapanam nireekshikkunnathinum oro 7-14 divasathilum feeldukal parisodhikkanam. verukal vilavedukkumbol, vilaveduppinu munbu muricho uzhutho cheythukondu rogabadhithamaaya ila neekkam cheiyunnathu vilaveduppinide rogakaariyude vyaapanam parimithappedutthum. vyaapanam kuraykkunnathinu eathenkilum saadhyathayulla chedikalo kalakalo murikkukayo illaathaakkukayo venam.
parambaraagathavum jaivavumaaya fungasideukal labhyamaan, vasanthakaalath, venalkkaalathinte thudakkathil, vilakalilum sameepathulla sasyangalilum veezhumvare vyaapanavum vilavu nashtavum parimithappedutthaan ithu upayogikkaam. velutha thurumbu rogakaariyude 17 prathyeka vamshangalil oronnum vyathyastha sasyangale badhikkunnu, athinaal kumilnashini chikilsayude amita upayogavum chelavum parimithappeduthunnathinna kazhiyunnathra nireekshanam athyaavasyamaanu. sulfur, copper ooksaid, rosemary oayil, asadiraachin uthppannangal ennivayaanu saadhaarana oomri fungasideukalil ulppedunnathu. saadhaarana parambaraagatha fungasideukalil mephenoxam, fossettail-aluminium uthppannangal enniva ulppedunnu.
velutha thurumbu ulla bhooprakrithiyil prathirodhasheshiyullathum bhaagikamaayi prathirodhasheshiyullathumaaya chila enangal aavasyamaanu. vayalukalile deerghakaala velutha thurumbu nilanilpp ellah vilakalilum ellah samsthaanangalilum oru prashnamalla; ennirunnaalum, kuranjathu moonnu varshamenkilum rogabadhithamaaya vayalukalil baadhakamallaatha vila chuzhalikkaatt sasya avashishtangal, mannu, vattaatha verukal ennivayil ninnu eee rogakaariyude sthaapanavum vyapakamaaya vyaapanavum parimithappeduthunnathinna vyaapakamaayi shupaarsha cheiyunnu. anubadha varshangalolam vyaapakamaanenkil eee rogakaarikalkk nirddishta vayalukalil saadhyathayulla vilakalude phalapradamaaya uthppaadanam anischithamaayi illaathaakkaan kazhiyum.
praadhaanyam.
lokamembaadumulla niravadhi pradhana kaarshika vilakalil velutha thurumbu vinashakaramaaya oru rogamaanu. lokamembaadum pathinezh inam velutha thurumbu thiricharinjittundu, oronninum uyarnna thalatthilulla aathidheya prathyekathayundu. vella thurumbu saambathikamaayi pradhanappetta oru ila rogamaanu, ithu ganyamaaya vilavu nashtappedutthukayum vividha vilakalkku oduvil maranamundaakkukayum cheiyunnu. kanola vayalukalil 20 sathamaanam vare vilavu nashtappettu, australiyayile brassicase inathinte ettavum pradhanappetta ila rogamaayi velutha thurumbu kanakkaakkappedunnu.

