
ayoon uravidam

aattomik, molecular ionukal srishtikkunna upakaranamaan ayoon uravidam. maas spectrometerukal, opttikkal emission spectrometerukal, kanika aaksilarettarukal, ayoon implaanttarukal, ayoon enchinukal ennivaykkaayi ionukal roopeekarikkaan ayoon srothassukal upayogikkunnu.
electron ionization.
maas spectrometryil, prathyekichu jaiva thanmaathrakalkk electron ionization vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu. electron ionization uthppaadippikkunna vathaka ghatta prathikaranam
m ennathu ionized cheiyunna aattam allengil thanmatra, e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e
oru cathodine anodinum edayilulla oru arck discharge vazhi electronukal srishtikkappedaam.
aattomik physixil sakthamaaya electron beam upayogichu aattangale bombit uyarnna charjju ulla ionukal utppaadippikkaan oru electron beam ayoon sozhs (ebis) upayogikkunnu. athinte pravartthana thathwam electron beam ayoon trap pankidunnu.
electron capture ionization.
oru vathaka ghatta aattathinteyo thanmathrayudeyo ionization oru electroninte attaachment vazhi a − ′ roopathilulla oru ayoon srishtikkunnathineyaanu electron capture ionization (isii) ennu parayunnath. prathikaranam ithaanu
ambinu mukalilulla m ennathu oorjjavum aakkam samrakshikkaan moonnaamathe body aavasyamaanennu soochippikkunnu (prathikaranatthinte thanmathrasheshi moonnu aanu).
kemikkal ionisationumaayi chernnu electron capture upayogikkaam.
chila gyaas chromatography samvidaanangalil oru electron capture dittaktar upayogikkunnu.
kemikkal ionization.
electron ionisationekkaal kuranja oorjja prakriyayaan kemikkal ionization (sii. aii), kaaranam athil electron neekkam cheiyunnathinupakaram ayoon/molecule prathikaranangal ulppedunnu. kuranja oorjjam kuranja vighadippikkalum saadhaaranayaayi lalithamaaya spectravum nalkunnu. oru saadhaarana sii. aii spectrathinu eluppathil thirichariyaan kazhiyunna oru tanmatra ayoon undu.
oru sii. aii. pareekshanatthil, ayoon srothassile oru reactor vaathakathinte ayonukalumaayi analyte koottiyidikkunnathiloodu ionukal uthpaadippikkunnathu. meedhane, amonia, isobutain ennivayaanu chila saadhaarana reactor vaathakangal. ayoon srothassinullil, analyteumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol riyaaktant vaathakam valare kooduthalaanu. uravidathilekku praveshikkunna electronukal reactor vaathakathe ionise cheyyum. mattu reactor vathaka thanmathrakalumaayulla koottiyidi oru ionization plasma srishtikkum. eee plasmayumaayulla prathikaranangaliloodeyanu analytinte positteev, negatteevu ionukal roopappedunnathu. udaaharanathinu, protonation sambhavikkunnath
charge exchange ionization.
oru ayon oru attamo thanmathrayo thammilulla vathaka ghatta prathikaranamaanu charge-exchange ionization (charge-transfer ionization ennum ariyappedunnu), athil ayoninte charge neutral speesheesilekku kaimaattam cheyyappedunnu.
chemi-ionization.
oru vathaka ghattatthile attamo thanmathrayo oru attamo thanmathrayo uthejithaavasthayil prathipravartthikkunnathi oru ayoon roopappedunnathaanu kemi-ionization. chemi-ionization prathinidheekarikkam
ivide g ennathu aaveshabharithaavasthayilulla speesheesaanu (superscript cheytha nakshatrachihnam soochippikkunnu), m ennathu oru electroninte nashtam moolam ionise cheytha radical kaatteshan roopappedunna speesheesaanu (superscript cheytha "plus-dott" soochippikkunnu).
associative ionization.
rund aattangalo thanmaathrakalo parasparam prathipravartthichu orotta uthppanna ayoon roopappeduthunna oru vathaka ghatta prathikaranamaanu associative ionization. parasparabandhithamaya onno rando enangalkku amithamaya aantharika oorjjam undayirikkaam.
udaaharanathinu,
adhika aantharika oorjjamulla (nakshatrachihnam soochippikkunnathu) eiii inam bii yumayi samvadichu ayoon abb + roopappeduthunnu.
pine ionisation.
neutral aattangalo thanmaathrakalo thammilulla prathikaranangal ulppedunna chemi-ionisationte oru roopamaanu penning ionization. 1927ll aadyamaayi report cheytha dutch bhauthikashaasthranjanaaya france maikkal penninginte perilaanu eee prakriya ariyappedunnathu. oru vathaka-ghatta uttejita-avastha aattam allengil thanmatra g * umm oru taargett thanmatra m umm thammilulla prathikaranamaanu penning ionisationil ulppedunnathu, athinte falamaayi oru radical molecular kaatteshan m + roopappedunnu.oru electron e−, oru neutral vathaka thanmatra g:
taargett moleculinu excited-stettu aattathinteyo moleculinteyo aantharika oorjjathekkaal kuranja ionization pottensial ullappol penning ionization sambhavikkunnu.
associative penning ionization ithiloode thudaraam
uparithala penning ionization (oogar deexitation ennum ariyappedunnu) ennathu bulk uparithalavumayi excited-stettu vaathakathinte prathipravartthanathe soochippikkunnu, athinte falamaayi oru electron purathuvarunnu.
ayoon attaachment.
ayoon-attaachment ionization raasa ionisation samaanamaan, athil oru reactive koottiyidi samayat analyte thanmathrayumaayi oru kaatteshan gadippichirikkunnu
ivide m ennathu analyte thanmathra x + ennathu kaatteshanum a ennathu prathikarikkaattha koottiyidi pankaaliyumaanu.
oru radio active ayoon srothassil, oru vaathakathe ionise cheyyaan oru cheria kashanam radio active metteeriyal, udaaharanathinu 63ni allengil 241am upayogikkunnu. ionization smoke dittaktarukalilum ayoon mobility spectrometerukalilum ithu upayogikkunnu.
vathaka-discharge ayoon srothassukal.
eee ayoon srothassukal ionukal srishtikkaan plasma srothass allengil vaidyutha sravam upayogikkunnu.
inductive-cuppled plasma.
vaidyuthakaanthika induction vazhi uthppaadippikkunna vaidyutha pravaahangal, athaayath kaalakramatthil maarunna kaanthikakshethrangal vazhi oorjjam vitharanam cheiyunna oru plasma srothassaaya inductive cuppled plaasmayil ionukal srishtikkaan kazhiyum.
microwave induced plasma.
microwave induced plasma ayoon srothassukalkku aaveshakaramaaya vaidyutharahitha vathaka visarjjanathin seshiyullavayaanu, trace moolakam maas spectrometricayi ionukal srishtikkunnu. jii. echu. isad shreniyil uyarnna aavruthiyilulla vaidyuthakaanthika vikiranamulla oru tharam plaasmayaan microwave plasma. aaveshakaramaaya vaidyutharahitha vathaka visarjjanathin ithinu kazhivundu. uparithala-taranga-susthira modil prayogikkukayaanenkil, uyarnna plasma saandrathayulla valia pradeshathe plaasmakal srishtikkaan avaa prathyekichum anuyojyamaanu. avaa randum uparithala-tharamgathilum resonator modilaanengil, avaykku uyarnna alavilulla speshyal localisation pradarshippikkaan kazhiyum. uparithala samskaranathinte sthaanathu ninnu plasma thalamurakalude sthaanam speshyalaayi verthirikkaan ithu anuvadikkunnu. atharam verthirikkal (uchithamaaya vathaka-ozhukk padhathiyumaayi chernnu) oru samskaricha substratil ninnu purathuvarunna kanikakal vathaka ghattatthinte plasma rasathanthrathil cheluthiyekkaavunna negatteevu prabhavam kuraykkaan sahaayichekkam.
iii. sii. aarr ayoon uravidam.
oru plasmaye ionise cheiyunnathinu iii. sii. aarr ayoon srothass electron cyclotrone anurananm upayogikkunnu. voliyathinakathulla oru pradeshathu prayogikkunna kaanthikakshethram nirvachikkunna electron cyclotrone anurananathinu anusrithamaaya aavruthiyilaanu microvevukal oru voliyathilekku kuthivaykkunnathu. volyathil kuranja mardhamullah vaathakam adangiyirikkunnu.
thilangunna discharge.
vaidyutha glow dischargeil ionukal srishtikkaan kazhiyum. oru thaazhnna mardha vaathakathiloode vaidyutha pravaham kadannupokunnathiloode roopappedunna plaasmayaan glow discharge. vaathakam adangiya oru ozhippicha arayil rund loha electrodukalkkidayil oru volteju prayogichaanu ithu srishtikkunnathu. volteju striking volteju ennu vilikkunna oru nischitha moolyam kaviyumbol, vaathakam oru plasma roopappeduthunnu.
oru vaathakathe ionise cheyyaan upayogikkunna plasma ulppaadippikkunna cathode (hoott cathode allengil colled cathode) adangiya oru tharam glow discharge ayoon srothassaanu duplasmatrone. duplasmatronukalkku positteev allengil negatteevu ionukal utppaadippikkaan kazhiyum. dvitheeya ayoon maas spectrometric duplasmatronukal upayogikkunnu.ayoon beam etching, hye energy physics.
ozhukunna pinprakasham.
ozhukunna aftergloyil, healium allengil aargon enna nishkriya vaathakathinte ozhukkilaanu ionukal roopappedunnathu. ayoon uthppannangal srishtikkunnathinum prathikarana nirakkukal padikkunnathinum reactors thaazhekku cherkkunnu. jaiva samyukthangalude vathaka vishakalanathinayi floying-afterglo maas spectrometry upayogikkunnu.
spark ionization.
khara saambilil ninnu vathaka ghatta ionukal utppaadippikkaan electric spark ionization upayogikkunnu. oru maas spectrometerumaayi samyojippikkumbol poornna upakaranathe spark ionization maas spectrometer allengil spark sozhs maas spectrometer (ezz. ezz. emm. ezz) ennu vilikkunnu.
oru vaathakathe ionise cheiyunnathinu electronukale parimithappeduthunnathina oru clossed driftt ayoon srothass oru vaarshika arayile oru radial kaanthikakshethram upayogikkunnu. ayoon implaanteshanum space propulsion (haal-ephakt thrasttarukal) avaa upayogikkunnu.
foto ionization.
oru attamo thanmathrayodo phottoon edapedunnathiloode oru ayoon roopappedunna ionization prakriyayaan foto ionization.
multy-phottan ionization.
multy-phottan ionisationil (emm. pii. aii), ionization paridikk thaazheyulla niravadhi photonukal yadhaarthathil avayude oorjjam samyojippichu oru aattathe ionise cheythekkaam.
resonance-enhanced multifotone ionization (rempi) ennathu onno athiladhikamo photonukal aattathilo thanmathrayilo ionise cheyyappedunnathil anurananeeyamaya oru boundu-boundu transition axus cheiyunna emm. pii. aii. yude oru roopamaanu.
anthareeksha mardha foto ionization.
anthareeksha mardha foto ionization (appi) photonukalude oru uravidam upayogikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi oru vaakvam yuvi (vavu) vilakku, orotta phottoon ionization prakriyayiloode analytine ionise cheyyaan. mattu anthareeksha mardha ayoon srothassukalkku samaanamaayi, laayakathinte spray thaarathamyena uyarnna thapanilayil (400 digri selshyasinu mukalil) choodaakkukayum naitrajante uyarnna ozhukk nirakk upayogichu thalikkukayum cheiyunnu. thathfalamaayundaakunna aerosol ionukal srishtikkunnathinaayi yuvi vikiranathinu vidheyamaakunnu. anthareeksha-mardha lazer ionization yuvi lazer prakasha srothassukal upayogichu embii vazhi analytine ionise cheiyunnu.
desorption ionization.
feeld desorption.
razer blade polulla moorchayulla uparithalamulla oru emittaril uyarnna sheshiyulla vaidyutha mandalam prayogikkunna oru ayoon srothassine feeld desorption soochippikkunnu, allengil kooduthal saadhaaranayaayi, cheria meesha roopappetta oru philament. ithu valare uyarnna vaidyutha mandalathilekku nayikkunnu, ithu analytinte vathaka thanmaathrakalude ionisation kaaranamakum. phai uthppaadippikkunna maas spectrike vighadippikkal kuravo illayo aanu. avayil molecular radical katteshanukal <kemm> m ^ {+ aadhipathyam pulartthunnu.}</kemm>, kurachukoodi, protonated thanmathrakal <kemm> [{m} + echu] + </kemm>.
kanika bombakramanam.
athivega aattam bombakramanam.
aattangalumaayulla kanika bombardmentine phaast aattam bombardment (fab) ennum aattomik allengil molecular ionukal upayogichulla bombardmentine secondary ayoon maas spectrometry (sims) ennum vilikkunnu. fission fragment ionization anuyojyamaaya nucleidinte nuclear fissionte falamaayi roopappedunna ionic allengil neutral attangal upayogikkunnu, udaaharanathinu california isotope 252cf.
fabil analyteukal matricks ennariyappedunna asthiramallaatha raasa samrakshana anthareekshavumaayi kalarthukayum uyarnna oorjjamulla (4000 muthal 10,000 vare electron wolt) aattangalude beam upayogichu vaakvam keezhil bombit pottikkukayum cheiyunnu. aargon allengil senon polulla nishkriya vaathakathil ninnaan attangal saadhaaranayaayi undaakunnath. glycerol, theoglycerol, 3-nitrobensil alcohol (3-enba), 18-kroon-6 eedhar, 2-nitrophenyloctail eedhar, sulfolane, dietanolamine, triethanolamine ennivayaanu saadhaarana maatriksukal. eee saankethikavidya secondary ayoon maas spectrometry, plasma desorption maas spectrometry ennivaykku samaanamaan.
secondary ionization.
secondary ayoon maas spectrometry (sims) oru focus cheytha primery ayoon beam upayogichu saambilinte uparithalam sputter cheythum puranthallappetta secondary ionukal shekharikkukayum vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheythum khara prathalangaludeyum nerttha philimukaludeyum ghadana vishakalanam cheyyaan upayogikkunnu. eee dvitheeya ayonukalude pindam/charge anupathangal oru maas spectrometer upayogichu alakkunnu, uparithalathinte moolakam, isotopic allengil tanmatra ghadana 1 muthal 2 enm vare aazhathil nirnnayikkunnu.
oru draavaka loha ayoon srothassil (ell. emm. aii. ezz), oru loham (saadhaaranayaayi gallium) draavakaavasthayilekku choodaakkukayum capillaryudeyo soochiyudeyo attathu nalkukayum cheiyunnu. thudarnnu sakthamaaya vaidyutha mandalatthinte prayogatthil oru tailor koonn roopappedunnu. koninte attam moorchayeriyathaakumbol, feeld baashpeekaranatthiloode ionukal uthppaadippikkunnathuvar vaidyutha mandalam sakthamaakum. eee ayoon srothassukal ayoon implaanteshanilo focus cheytha ayoon beam upakaranangalilo prathyekichum upayogikkunnu.
plasma desorption ionization.
physon fragment ionization ennum vilikkunna plasma desorption ionization maas spectrometry (pii. dii. emm. ezz), oru maas spectrometry saankethikathayaanu, athil oru khara saambilile metteeriyalinte ionization anuyojyamaaya nucleidinte nuclear fissionte falamaayi roopappetta ionic allengil neutral attangal upayogichu bombit poortthiyaakkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi california isotope 252cf.
lazer desorption ionization.
matricks assisted lazer desorption/ionization (maldy) oru sophtt ionization saankethikathayaanu. sample oru matricks metteeriyalumaayi kalarthiyirikkunnu. oru lazer pulse labhikkumbol, matricks lazer oorjjam agiranam cheiyunnu, eee sambhavathiloode praadhamikamaayi matricks (oru prottoon cherthu) vattikkukayum ionise cheyyappedukayum cheiyunnuvennu karuthappedunnu. analyte thanmaathrakalum illaathaakunnu. matricks protonine analyte thanmaathrakalilekku (udha.jii.protein thanmathrakal), angane analyte charge cheiyunnu.
uparithala-sahaaya lazer desorption/ionization.
maas spectrometry vazhi biomoleculeukal vishakalanam cheiyunnathinu upayogikkunna oru sophtt lazer desorption saankethikathayaanu uparithala-assisted lazer desorption/ionization (saldy). athinte aadya aalroopathil ithu graafait matricks upayogichu. nilavil, naano metteeriyalukal polulla mattu ajaiva maatriksukal upayogikkunna lazer desorption/ionization reethikal palappozhum suldy vakabhedangalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. dart ayoon srothass ulkkollunna ambiyant maas spectrometry parambaraagatha saldiyude samyojanamaaya "ambiyant suldy" enna anubandha reethiyum pradarshippichittundu.
uparithala mechappeduthiya lazer desorption/ionization.
uparithala-mechappeduthiya lazer desorption/ionization (seldi) ennathu analyte samyukthavumaayi biochemical bandham nedunnathinu parishkkaricha oru lakshyam upayogikkunna protein mishrithangalude vishakalanathinayi upayogikkunna maldiyude oru vakabhedamaanu.
silikkanil desorption ionization.
silikkanile (dios) desorption ionization ennathu oru sushira silikkan uparithalathil nikshepikkunna oru saambilinte lazer desorption/ionisatione soochippikkunnu.
smally uravidam.
lazer baashpeekarana klasttar uravidam lazer desorption ionisation supersonic vipuleekaranavum upayogichu ionukal uthpaadippikkunnu. 1980kalil rais yooniversittiyile richard smally vikasippichedutha smally uravidam (allengil smally klasttar uravidam) 1985 ll fulreenukalude kandethalinte kendramaayirunnu.
aerosol ionization.
aerosol maas spectrometryil time-oof-flaitt vishakalanathiloode, anthareekshathil ninnu verthirichedukkunna micrometer valippathilulla khara aerosol kanikakal oresamayam oru time-oof-flaitt ayoon extractorinte kendratthiloode kadannupokumbol krithyamaaya samayabandhithamaya lazer pulse upayogichu vattikkukayum ionise cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
ionization spray cheyyuka.
spray ionization reethikalil draavaka laayaniyil ninnu aerosol kanangalude roopeekaranavum layaka baashpeekaranathinu sesham bair ayonukalude roopeekaranavum ulppedunnu.
anthareeksha mardha ionization maas spectrometerinte choodaaya inlettu tubilake analyte adangiya oru layani avatharippichu charjju cheytha thullikal ulppaadippikkunna oru reethiyaanu solvant assisted ionization (saay). electrospray ionization (iii. ezz. aii) pole, charjju cheytha thullikalude desolvation multiply charjju cheytha analyte ionukal uthpaadippikkunnu. asthiravum asthiramallaathathumaaya samyukthangal saay vishakalanam cheiyunnu, koodaathe esiyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunna samvedanakshamatha nedaan uyarnna volteju aavasyamilla. fuse cheytha silica tubeukalumaayi bandhippichirikkunna seero dedd vooliyam fittingiloode choodulla inlettilekku praveshikkunna laayaniyil oru volteju prayogikkunnathu essie polulla maas spectra uthppaadippikkunnu, pakshe uyarnna sensittivittiyode. maas spectrometerilekkal inlettu tube ayoon uravidamaayi maarunnu.
matricks assisted ionization.
matricks assisted ionization [mye] sample thayyarakkunnathil maldic samaanamaan, ennaal oru matricks samyukthathil ulppeduthiyittulla analyte thanmaathrakale gyaas-phase ionukalaayi parivartthanam cheiyunnathinu oru lazer aavasyamilla. meyile analyte ionukalkku electrospray ionisationu samanamaaya charge avasthakalundengilum oru laayakathekkaal khara maatriksil ninnaan labhikkunnath. voltejo lazaro aavasyamilla, pakshe imajinginaayi speshyal resolution nedaan oru lazer upayogikkaam. matricks-analyte saambilukal oru maas spectrometerinte vaakvam ionise cheyyukayum oru anthareekshamardha inlettu vazhi vaakvam instaal cheyyukayum cheyyaam. 2, 5-dihydroxybensoic assid polulla kuranja asthiramaaya maatrikkukalkk mye vazhi analyte ionukal uthpaadippikkunnathinu oru choodulla inlettu tube aavasyamaanu, ennaal 3-nitrobensonitrile polulla kooduthal asthiramaaya maatrikkukalkk choodu, volteju allengil lazer aavasyamilla. matricks avatharippikkuka oru anthareekshamardha ionization maas spectrometerinte inlettu apperturilekku analyte sample dhaaraalam ionukal uthpaadippikkunnu. bowine serem albumin [66 keey. dii. eiii] pole valuthaya samyukthangale eee reethi upayogichu ionise cheyyaan kazhiyum. lalithavum kuranja chelavum upayogikkaan eluppamullathumaaya eee ionization reethiyil, maas spectrometerilekkal inlettine ayoon uravidamaayi kanakkakkaam.
anthareeksha mardha raasa ionization.
anthareeksha marddathil layaka spray upayogichu raasa ionisationte oru roopamaanu anthareekshamardha raasa ionization. draavakathinte oru spray thaarathamyena uyarnna thapanilayil (400 digri selshyasinu mukalil) choodaakkukayum uyarnna naitrajan ozhukk nirakk upayogichu thalikkukayum muzhuvan aerosol meghavum oru corona discharginu vidheyamaakkukayum athu ionukal srishtikkukayum bashpeekarikkappetta layakam raasa ionization riyaaktant vaathakamaayi pravartthikkukayum cheiyunnu. eiii. pii. sii. aii. ennathu ezz. aii. aii. pole "sophtt" (loow fragmentation) aaya ionization saankethikavidyayalla. anthareeksha mardha ionization (api) episiyude paryaayamaayi upayogikkaruthennu shradhikkuka.
thermospray ionization.
maas spectrometry anthareeksha mardha ionisationte oru roopamaanu thermospray ionization. ithu ayanukale draavaka ghattathil ninnu vathaka ghattathilekku vishakalanathinayi maattunnu. draavaka chromatography-maas spectrometryil ithu prathyekichum upayogapradamaanu.
electrospray ionization.
electrospray ionisationil, oru draavakam valare cheruthum charjju cheythathum saadhaaranayaayi lohavumaaya kaappilariyiloode thallappedunnu. eee draavakathil padikkenda padaarthamaaya analyte adangiyirikkunnu, ithu valia alavil laayakathil layikkunnu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi analytinekkaal valare asthiramaanu. asthira aasidukal, shaarangal allengil bufferukal ennivayum palappozhum eee laayaniyil cherkkunnu. analyte athinte ayoon roopathilo kaatteshan roopathilo laayaniyil oru ayonayi nilanilkkunnu. kaaranam chaarjukal pinvalikkunnathupole, draavakam kappilariyil ninnu svayam puratthekku thallukayum oru aerosol roopappeduthukayum cheiyunnu, ekadesham 10 micrometer neelamulla cheria thullikalude moodalmanju. eee koninte agrathil ninnu oru tailor konum oru jettum roopappedunna oru prakriyayiloodeyaanu aerosol bhaagikamaayi ulppaadippikkappedunnathu. naitrajan polulla charjju cheyyaatha carrier vaathakam chilappol draavakathe nebulize cheyyaanum thullikalile neutral laayakathe baashpeekarikkaan sahayikkaanum upayogikkunnu. layakam baashpeekarikkappedumbol, analyte thanmathrakal parasparam aduthuvarikayum parasparam pinthirippikkukayum thullikal thakarkkukayum cheiyunnu. charjju cheytha thanmaathrakalkkidayilulla vikarshaka coolombic shakthikalaan eee prakriya nayikkunnathinaal ithine coolombic fission ennu vilikkunnu. analyte layakarahithavum shoonyamaaya ayonayathum vare eee prakriya aavarthikkunnu. oru prottoon (oru hydrajan ayoon) cherthu <kemm> [{m} + h] + </kemm> ennu soochippikkunnathiloodeyo allengil soodiyam ayoon, <kemm> [m + Na] + </kemm> polulla mattoru kaatteshan cherkkunnathiloodeyo allengil oru prottoon neekkam cheiyunnathiloodeyo nireekshikkappedunna ionukal srishtikkappedunnu, <kemm> [m-h] ^-</kemm>. charjju cheytha ayonukalaaya <kemm> [{m} + 2h] ^ 2 + </kemm> palappozhum nireekshikkappedunnu. valia macromoleculeukalkku, vyathyastha aavruthikalil sambhavikkunna niravadhi charge avasthakal undakam; udaaharanathinu, charge <kemm> [m + 25h] ^ {25 +} </kemm> pole valuthayirikkaam.
probe electrospray ionization.
probe electrospray ionization (pessy) electrospreyude oru parishkaricha pathippaanu, avide sample layani kaimaattam cheiyunnathinulla capillaric pakaram moorchayulla-tipp cheytha khara soochi idaykkide chalanathode maattisthaapikkunnu.
sanbarkkamillaatha anthareeksha mardha ionization.
maas spectrometry vazhi draavaka, khara saambilukal vishakalanam cheiyunnathinu upayogikkunna oru saankethikavidyayaanu contactless atmospheric presher ionization. adhika vaidyutha vitharanam (uravida emittarinu volteju vitharanam cheiyunnathu), gyaas supply allengil syrinch pump illaathe contactless epi pravarthippikkaan kazhiyum. athinaal, anthareeksha marddathil maas spectrometry vazhi raasa samyukthangal vishakalanam cheiyunnathinulla eluppamaarggam eee saankethikavidya nalkunnu.
soonik spray ionization.
soonik spray ionization oru draavaka laayaniyil ninnu ionukal srishtikkunnathinulla reethiyaanu, udaaharanathinu, methanolinteyum vellathinteyum misritham. cheria thullikalude supersonic sprayakki layani maattaan oru numatic nebulizer upayogikkunnu. layakam baashpeekarikkappedukayum thullikalil sthithivivarakkanakusaricha asanthulithamaaya charge vitharanam oru nettu chaarjilekku nayikkukayum poornnamaaya desolvation ayonukalude roopeekaranathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheyyumbol ionukal roopappedunnu. cheria jaiva thanmathrakaleyum marunnukaleyum vishakalanam cheyyaan soonik spray ionization upayogikkunnu, koodaathe charge saandrata vardhippikkaanum proteinukalude onniladhikam charjju ionukal srishtikkaanum sahaayikkunnathin kappilariyil oru vaidyutha mandalam prayogikkumbol valia thanmaathrakale vishakalanam cheyyaan kazhiyum.
marunnukalude vishakalanathinayi soonik spray ionization uyarnna prakadanamulla liqvid chromatography samyojippichittund. eee reethi upayogichu oligo nucleotideukal padichittundu. ambiyant ionisationaayi desorption electrospray ionisation samanamaaya reethiyilaan ss upayogikkunnathu, eee reethiyil nerttha-lair chromatography ithu jodiyaakkiyittund.
ultrasonication-assisted spray ionization.
ultrasonication-assisted spray ionisationil (yuu. eiii. sii) ultraasoundu prayogatthiloode ionization ulppedunnu.
taapa ionization.
taapa ionization (uparithala ionization allengil kondaakt ionization ennum ariyappedunnu) oru choodulla uparithalathil bashpeekarikkappetta, nishpaksha attangal thalikkunnathu ulkkollunnu, athil ninnu attangal ionic roopathil veendum baashpeekarikkappedunnu. positteev ionukal uthppaadippikkunnathin, aattomik speesheesukalkk kuranja ionization oorjjam undaayirikkanam, uparithalathinu uyarnna pravartthana pravarthanamundaayirikkanam. ionization oorjjam kuravum eluppathil baashpeekarikkappedunnathu kshara aattangalkk (lii, naa, keey, arby, cs) eee saankethikavidya ettavum anuyojyamaanu.
negatteevu ionukal uthpaadippikkunnathinu, aattomik speesheesukalkk uyarnna electron affinity undaayirikkanam, uparithalathinu kuranja pravartthana pravarthanamundaayirikkanam. eee randaamathe sameepanam halojan aattangalaaya klu, br, aii, eiii. tii. kku ettavum anuyojyamaanu.
ambiyant ionization.
ambiyant ionisationil, sample thayyarakkalo verthirikkalo illaathe maas spectrometerinu purathu ionukal roopappedunnu. charjju cheytha electrospray thullikalilekku verthirichedukkunnathilum raasa ionization vazhi thaapamaayi vattikkukayum ionise cheyyukayum cheythum allengil maas spectrometeril praveshikkunnathinu munbu lazer vattikkukayo ablett cheiyukayo ionise cheythathinu sheshavum ionukal roopappedaam.
soolid-liqvid extraction adisthaanamaakkiyulla ambiyant ionization sample uparithalathil oru liqvid philim srishtikkaan charjju cheytha spray upayogikkunnu. uparithalathile thanmathrakal laayakathilekku verthirichedukkunnu. uparithalathil pathikkunna praadhamika thullikalude pravartthanam maas spectrometerinte ayonukalude uravidamaaya dvitheeya thullikal uthpaadippikkunnu. desorption electrospray ionization (desi) oru electrospray srothass upayogichu charjju cheytha thullikal srishtikkunnu, avaa kurachu millimeter muthal kurachu centimeter vare akaleyulla oru khara saambililekku nayikkunnu. charjju cheytha thullikal uparithalavumayulla prathipravartthanathiloode sample edukkukayum thudarnnu uyarnna charjju cheytha ionukal roopappedukayum avaa oru maas spectrometeraayi sample cheyyaan kazhiyum.
mettaastabil aattangalum thanmaathrakalum reactive ionukalum ulppaadippikkunna ozhukunna vaathakathile vaidyutha ozhukkine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu plasma adhishtitha ambiyant ionization. saambilil ninnu asthiramaaya enangale verpeduthaan sahayikkaan choodu palappozhum upayogikkunnu. vathaka ghattathil raasa ionization vazhiyaan ionukal roopappedunnathu. thalsamaya srothassile oru nerittulla vishakalanam pravartthikkunnathu deerghakaalam electronic allengil vibronic aayi aaveshabharithamaaya neutral aattangalo thanmaathrakalo (allengil "mettaastabilukal") adangiyirikkunna oru varanda vathaka pravaahathilekku (saadhaaranayaayi healium allengil naitrajan) sample thurannukaattunnathiloode. vaathakam ozhukunna oru arayil oru glow discharge srishtikkunnathiloodeyaanu saadhaaranayaayi dart uravidathil uthejithaavasthakal roopappedunnathu. anthareeksha kharapadaarthangalude vishakalana probe [eiii. ezz. eiii. pii] ennu vilikkunna samanamaaya oru reethi, ezz. iii. aii/eiii. pii. sii. aii srothassil cherttha oru dravananka tubil sthaapicha sample baashpeekarikkaan ezz. iii. aii allengil eiii. pii. sii. aii probukalil ninnulla choodaakkiya vaathakam upayogikkunnu. ionization ennathu eiii. pii. sii. aii. vazhiyaan.
lazer adhishtitha ambiyant ionization rund ghattangalaayulla oru prakriyayaan, athil oru saambilil ninnulla metteeriyal desorb cheyyaano ablett cheyyaano pulsed lazer upayogikkunnu, koodaathe metteeriyalinte ploom oru electrospray allengil plaasmayumaayi samvadichu ionukal srishtikkunnu. electrospray-assisted lazer desorption/ionization (eldi) oru electrospray srothassilekku metteeriyal desorb cheiyunnathinu 337 enm yuvi lazer allengil 3 micrometer infrared lazer upayogikkunnu. multiply charjju cheytha ayonukalude ulppaadanathinulla anthareeksha mardha ionization uravidamaanu matricks assisted lazer desorption electrospray ionization (maldezi). oru ultraviolet allengil infrared lazer, multiply charged ionukal srishtikkunna electrospraid solvant thullikalumaayulla prathipravartthanathiloode ionise cheytha neutral analyte thanmaathrakale sozhs desorbing cheiyunna analyte adangunna kharamo draavakamo aaya saambililekku nayikkunnu. lazer ableshan electrospray ionization (lessie) maas spectrometriculla oru ambiyant ionization reethiyaanu, ithu midu-infrared (midu-ir) laseril ninnulla lazer ableshane secondary electrospray ionization (esi) prakriyayumaayi samyojippikkunnu.
aaplikkeshanukal.
maas spectrometry.
oru maas spectrometeril oru sample oru ayoon srothassil ionise cheyyukayum thathfalamaayundaakunna ayonukale avayude maas-tuu-charge anupatham kondu verthirikkukayum cheiyunnu. ionukal kandethukayum pindam-charge anupaathatthinte pravartthanamaayi kandethiya ayonukalude aapekshika samriddhiyude spectrayaayi phalangal pradarshippikkukayum cheiyunnu. thiricharinja pindangalumayi ariyappedunna pindangale bandhappeduthunnathiloode allengil oru swabhaavasavisheshathayulla vighadana paatten vazhiyo saambilile aattangalo thanmaathrakalo thirichariyaan kazhiyum.
kanika aaksilarettarukal.
kanika acceleratorukalil oru ayoon srothass yanthrathinte thudakkathil oru kanika beam srishtikkunnu, "uravidam". kanika aaksilarettarukalkkaayi ayoon srothassukal srishtikkunnathinulla saankethikavidya electronukal, protonukal, echu-ionukal allengil kanatha ionukal enniva uthppaadippikkenda kanangalude tharatthe shakthamayi aasrayichirikkunnu.
electron thokku upayogichaanu electronukal srishtikkappedunnathu, avayil niravadhi enangalundu.
duplasmatrone allengil maagnetron polulla plasma adhishtitha upakaranam upayogichaanu protonukal uthpaadippikkunnathu.
oru maagnetron allengil oru penning srothass upayogichaanu echu-ionukal uthpaadippikkunnathu. oru magnetronil oru anode kondu chuttapetta oru kendra silindar cathode adangiyirikkunnu. discharge volteju saadhaaranayaayi 150 vii yill kooduthalum karant draine ekadesham 40 eiii aanu. ekadesham 0.20 teslayude kaanthikakshethram cathode achuthandinu samaantharamaanu. pulsed gyaas vaalvaan hydrajan vaathakam avatharippikkunnath. kaathodinte pravartthana pravartthanam kuraykkunnathinum uthppaadippikkunna ayonukalude alavu vardhippikkunnathinum seesiyam palappozhum upayogikkunnu. nuclear fusion upakaranagalil plasma choodaakkaan valia seasiated echu-srothassukalum upayogikkunnu.
oru penning srothassinu, aavaranathinte vaidyutha mandalathinu samaantharamaayi sakthamaaya kaanthikakshethram cathodil ninnu cathodylake cyclotrone sarppilukalile electronukaleyum ionukaleyum nayikkunnu. magnetronilennapole kaathodukalil athivega echu-mainus ionukal uthpaadippikkappedunnu. plasma apperturilekku maarumbol charge exchange prathikaranam kaaranam avaa mandagathiyilaakunnu. ithu oru magnetronil ninnu labhikkuna ayonukalekkaal thanuppulla ayonukalude oru beam undaakkunnu.
electron cyclotrone resonance ayoon srothass upayogichu kanatha ionukal srishtikkaan kazhiyum. uyarnna charjju ulla ayonukalude theevramaaya kiranangalude ulppaadanathinaayi electron cyclotrone resonance (ecr) ayoon srothassukalude upayogam kazhinja dashakathil valareyadhikam vardhichu. nuclear, elementary kanika bhauthikashaasthrathil leanier aaksilarettarukal, vaan-dii-graph janarettarukal allengil cyclotronukal ennivayilekkulla injectorukalaayi ecr ayoon srothassukal upayogikkunnu. aattomik, uparithala bhauthikashaasthrathil ikriyoon srothassukal koottiyidi pareekshanangalkko uparithalangalude anweshanathino vendi uyarnna charjju ulla ayonukalude theevramaaya kiranangal nalkunnu. ennirunnaalum, ettavum uyarnna charge avasthakalkku electron beam ayoon srothassukal (ebis) aavasyamaanu. madhyabharamulla moolakangalude shoonyamaaya ionukal polum srishtikkaan avaykku kazhiyum. athe thathwathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla electron beam ayoon trappinu (ibitt) euranium ionukal vare utppaadippikkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe ithu oru ayoon srotassaayum upayogikkaam.
oru padaarthatthe athinte vaathakaavasthayil ionise cheyyaan electronukalude thermonic emission upayogikkunna oru ayoon gann upayogichu kanatha ionukal srishtikkaanum kazhiyum. atharam upakaranangal saadhaaranayaayi uparithala vishakalanathinayi upayogikkunnu.
anodinum cathodine edayilulla ayoon srothassiloode vaathakam ozhukunnu. aanodil oru positteev volteju prayogikkunnu. eee voltage aantharikavum bahyavumaaya kaathodukalude agrangalkkidayilulla uyarnna kaanthikakshethravum samyojippichu oru plasma aarambikkaan anuvadikkunnu. plaasmayil ninnulla ayonukale anode vaidyutha mandalam pinthirippikkunnu. ithu oru ayoon beam srishtikkunnu.