
vasily shukovsky

1810kalile munnira russian kaviyum pathonpathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyile russian saahithyathile oru pramukha vyakthiyumaayirunnu vasily andrevich sukovsky (-). romanov kottaaratthil grand dutches alexandra fiodorovnayudeyum pinneedu avarude makanaaya bhaaviyile saar-libarettar alexander randaamanteyum adthyaapakanaayi addeham uyarnna sthaanam vahichu.
russiayil romaantik prasthaanam avatharippichathinte bahumati sukovskikkaanu. ferdovi, hommer thudangiya poorvvikar muthal addehathinte samakalikaraaya goythe, shiller, bairon thudangi niravadhi kavikale ulkkollunna swatantra vivarthanangalaan addehathinte saahitya uthppannathinte pradhana bhagam. addehathinte pala vivarthanangalum russian saahithyathinte klaasikkukalaayi mariyirikkunnu, chilar avarude yadhaartha bhashakalekkaal mikachathum russian bhashayil kooduthal nilanilkkunnathumaayi kanakkakkunnu.
jeevitam.
russian saamraajyathile thula govarnarettile mishenskoi graamatthil afanasi bunin enna bhoovudamayudeyum turkish veettujolikkaaranaaya salkhayudeyum niyamaviruddha makanayi shukovsky janichu. bunin kudumbatthinu saahityaparamaaya valarchayundaayirunnu, ekadesham 90 varshathinu sesham nobel sammana jethaavaaya aadhunika ezhuthukaaran ivaan bunin janichu. bunin kudumba vrithathil valarnnuvenkilum, shishukkadhaapaathrathe saamoohikamaaya nyaayabodham kaaranam oru kudumbasuhrithaanu aupachaarikamaayi dathedukkukayum jeevithakalam muzhuvan datheduttha kudumbapperum rakshadhikaaravum nilanirthukayum cheythu. pathinalam vayassil mosco sarvakalaashaalayile prabhukkanmaarude pensionil vidyaabhyaasam nedunnathinaayi addehathe moscoylake ayachu. avide addeham freemasonary engleesh vaikaarikathayudeyum jarmman staram undu dranginteyum fasionable saahitya pravanathakalum valareyadhikam swaadheenichu. pramukha russian pathrapravartthakanum annathe ettavum pradhanappetta saahitya jenalaaya "yooroppinte herald" (естнич ероπы) sthaapaka edittarumaaya nikkole karamsin addeham kandumutty.
1802 desemberil 19 kaaranaya sukovsky thomas greyude "oru naadan pallithottatthil ezhuthiya aalankaarikagaanam" ennathinte oru soujanya vivarthanam karamsinte jenalil prasidheekarichu. akkaalat russian bhashayil shradheyamaayi moulikamaayirunna addehathinte vyaapaaramudrayaaya vaikaarika-vishada shailiyude aadyathe susthira udaaharanamaayirunnu eee vivarthanam. athu addehathe russian vaayanakkarkkidayil athratholam prashasthanakki, 1808-ll "yooroppinte avathaarakan" enna pusthakatthinte edittar sthaanam ettedukkaan karamsin addehathodu aavasyappettu. romaantik prameyangal, roopangal, vibhagangal enniva paryavekshanam cheyyaan yuva kavi eee sthaanam upayogichu-pradhaanamaayum vivarthanathiloode.
romaantik kaviyude nigoodatha valarthiyedutha aadyathe russian ezhuthukaaril oraalaayirunnu sukovsky. addehathinte aadya kruthikalude bhooribhaagavum addehathinte ardhasahodarikalil oraalude makalaaya addehathinte ardhasahodariyaaya maria "maasha" protesova prachodippichaayirunnu, addehavumaayi addehathinu abhiniveshamullathum ennaal aathyanthikamayi platonic bandhamundaayirunnu. aduthide russian saamraajyathilekku konduvanna madhyakala hansa nagarangalaya dorpath aandu rival, ippol tartu, tallin ennu vilikkappedunna, romantisisathinte swaadheenathilum addeham ethi. dorpathile sarvakalashaala (ippol tartu sarvakalashaala) imperial russiayile eaka jarmman samsaarikkunna sarvakalaashaalayaayi veendum thurannu.
1812 leeii nepolian adhiniveshathodeyum athinte falamaayi russian prabhukkanmaarude priyappetta videsha bhashayaayi franchine adhikshepikkunnathineyum raajasabhayile shukovsky uyarcha aarambhichath. aayirakkanakkin mattullavareppole, sukovsky moscoyude prathirodhatthinaayi sannadhapravarthanam nadathukayum borodino yudhathil pankedukkukayum cheythu. avide addeham feeld marshell kuttusovinte keezhil russian general staafinoppam chernnu, addeham prachaaranatthilum manoveeryam nilanirthunnathilum addehathe ulppeduthi. yudhaanantharam addeham moskoykaduthulla dolbino graamatthil thaalkkaalikamaayi thamasamaakki, avide 1815-ll dolbino sarathkaalam ennariyappedunna kaavyathmaka sarggaathmakathayude oru spodanam addeham anubhavichu. eee kaalaghattatthile addehathinte pravartthanangal bhaaviyile saar nikkola onnaaman enna grand duke nicolaasinte jarmman vamshajayaaya bharyayaaya grand dutches alexandra fiodorovnayude shradha aakarshichu. alexandra sukovsky sent. peettezhsburg avarude vyakthiparamaaya russian adthyaapakanaakum. jarmman bhashayil ninnulla shukovsky mikacha vivarthanangalil palathum, goytheyude mikkavarum ellah vivarthanangalum alexandrayude praayogika bhasha pariseelanangalaayi nirmikkappettu.
sukovsky adhyapanajeevitham addehathe chila kaaryangalil russian saahithyajeevithathinte munnirayil ninnu neekkam cheyyukayum athe samayam russiayile ettavum sakthamaaya budhijeevikalil oralaayi maarukayum cheythu. sent lake maarunnathile addehathinte aadya pravrithikalil onnu. karamsinte europian adhishtithavum klaasist virudhavumaaya soundaryashaasthram prolsaahippikkunnathi jocular arsamas litareri sosaitti sthaapikkaanaayirunnu peettezhsburg. arsaamayile amgangalil kaumarakkaaranaaya alexander pushkin ulppedunnu, addeham athivegam addehathinte kaavyathmaka anantharaavakaashiyaayi uyarnnuvannu. vaasthavathil, 1820-kalude thudakkathil, pushkin thante kruthiyude moulikathayudeyum thilakkathinteyum kaaryatthil-sukovsky swantham kanakkilum polum sukovsky uyarthi. ennittum iruvarum aajeevanantha suhruthukkalaayi thudarnnu, pazhaya kavi kottaaratthil oru saahitya upadeshtaavaayum samrakshakanaayum pravarthichu.
sukovsky thudarnnulla swaadheenathinte bhooribhaagavum souhrudathinulla eee sammaanathin kaaranamakaam. 1825leeii vanchanayethudarnnundaaya kalaapathil nikkolakalumaayulla addehathinte nalla vyakthiparamaaya bandhangal mattu udaaravaada-budhijeevikalude vidhikk vazhivechu. nicolas simhaasanathil kayariyathin thottupinnaale, addeham sarevichu alexanderinu sukovsky tutoraayi niyamichu, pinneedu saar-libarettar alexander randaamanaayi. sukovsky purogamana vidyaabhyaasa reethikal yuva alexandere valareyadhikam swaadheenichathinaal pala charitrakaaranmaarum 1860 kalile udaaraparishkaarangal bhaagikamaayo bhaagikamaayo avarkk avakaashappettathaanennu parayunnu. mikhaayil lermondov, alexander hersen, taras shevchenko (jukovsky addehathe adimathathil ninnu vaangunnathil pradhana pankuvahichu) thudangiya swatantra chinthagathikkaaraaya ezhuthukaarkkum athupole thanne peedippikkappetta pala vanchakarkkum vendi kadjalukal ettedukkaan kavi kottaaratthile thante unnathasthaanam upayogichu. 1837-ll pushkinte aadyakaala maranashesham, shukovsky thante saahitya executoraayi edapettu, sathrutha niranja sensorshippil ninnu (prasidheekarikkappedaathu niravadhi maastarpeesukal ulppede) thante srishtikal rakshikkuka mathramalla, athu prasidheekaranathinaayi shradhaapoorvvam shekharikkukayum thayyarakkukayum cheythu. 1830kalilum 1840kalilum, mattoru adutha suhruthaaya nikkolaay gogolinte currier sukovsky prothsaahippichu. eee reethiyil, russian romaantik prasthaanatthinte valarchayude oru pradhaanamanthriyaayi addeham pravarthichu.
thante upadeshtaavu karamsineppole, jarmman samsaarikkunna lokathil, europil vyaapakamaayi sanjaricha jukovsky, berlinile prussian kottaravumaayulla addehathinte bandhangal baden-baden, baad iii. emm. ezz thudangiya spaa-tounukalile uyarnna samoohathilekku addehathinu praveshanam nalki. goythe, kavi ludwig tike, landscape chithrakaaran casper david friedrich thudangiya lokothara saamskaarika vyakthikalumaayi addeham koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum kathidapaadukal nadathukayum cheythu. 1841-ll, shukovsky kodathiyil ninnu viramikkukayum dusseldorfinu sameepam sthirathaamasamaakkukayum avide addeham oru kalakara suhruthaaya gerhard wilhem voonn roottarude 18 vayassulla makal elisabath voonn rutere vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. eee dambathikalkku alexandra enna penkuttiyum pavel enna ankuttiyum enna peril rund kuttikalundaayirunnu. pinneedu grand duke alexey alexandrovichumaayi alexandraykku eare charcha cheyyappetta oru bandhamundaayirunnu.
sukovsky 1852-ll baden-baadanil 69-aamm vayassil marichu. addehathinte shareeram sent. peettezhsburg alexander nevsky lavrayil samskarichu. dasthayevsky smaarakathin thottupinnilaayi addehathinte kuzhimaadam kaanam.
jolie cheiyunnu.
vladymyr nabokovinte abhipraayathil, mahathwathinte vakkilullavaraayirunne orikkalum aaa mahathvam nedaattha kavikalude vibhagathilppettavaraayinu sukovsky. russian bhaashayile "orijinal" kruthikalkku uyarnna nilavaaramulla maathrkakal nalkunnathinaayi europian saahithyathil ninnu swathanthramaayi kadam vangiya oru stailistik, aupachaarika naveenaashayakkaaran enna nilayilaayirunnu addehathinte pradhana sambhavana. addehathinte chaaraniratthilulla "shokageeta" thinte vivarthanam ippozhum russian romaantik prasthaanatthinte parambaraagatha thudakkamaayi pandithanmaar udharikkunnu. moscoyude purathana bhoothakaalathekkurichulla 1809 leeii cherukathayaaya 'maarina rosha' ('meriyude thottam') ennathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya udaaharanamaaya chila gadyangalum addeham ezhuthi; nikkole karamsinte prashasthamaaya kathayaaya 'bednaya lisa' ('pavam lisa', 1792) yill ninnu ithu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu.
boudhika swathavakaashathekkurichu aadhunika ashayangal addehathinte kaalath nilavililla ennathinaal, palappozhum attribution illaathe, athisayakaramaaya vishalamaaya srothassukalil ninnu sukovsky vivarthanam cheythu. ennirunnaalum, orijinal thiranjedukkunnathil, ellaattinumupariyaayi, aupachaarika thathwangalaal addeham sthiramaayi prachodithanaayirunnu. eliji" yumayullah prarambha vijayathethudarnnu, jarmman, engleesh naadodikkadhakalude aadyanirayile madhuramulla vivarthanangaliloode addeham prathyekichum prashamsikkapettu. ivayil, "ludmila" (1808) enna ballad athinte koottaali kruthiyaaya "swetlaana" (1813) umm russian kaavya paarambaryatthile nazhikakkallukalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. randum gottfried august bargarinte ariyappedunna jarmman ballad "lenor"-nte soujanya vivarthanangalaan, ennirunnaalum oronnum orijinal thikachum vyathyasthamaaya reethiyil avatharippikkunnu. swabhaavaparamaayi, sukovsky pinneedu "lenor" ennu vivarthanam cheythu, ennaal swaabhaavikamaayi shabdamundaakkunna russian dactillic hexameter vikasippikkanulla thante aajeevanantha shramathinte bhaagamaayi moonnaam thavanayum. classical, romaantik baaladukal, varikal, padhya naadakam "dye jungfrow voonn oorliyans" (joonn oof arkkinekkurichu) ennivayulppede addehathinte niravadhi shiller vivarthanangal russian bhaashayile classic kruthikalaayi maari, avaa yadhaarthathekkaal uyarnna nilavaaramullavayallenkilum thulyamaanennu palarum karuthunnu. avar avarude manashaasthraparamaaya aazhathin shradheyamaayirunnu, russian realistukalude yuvathalamuraye shakthamayi swaadheenichu, avaril dastayevsky avare "naash shiller" ("njangalude shiller") ennu vilichirunnu.
sukovsky yadhaartha kavitayum ezhuthi. moyi drugg, kraanithel-eanjal moyi" ("ente suhruthu, ente rakshaadhikaari maalaakha") polulla maasha protesovayumaayulla addehathinte pranayaganangal..."), eee vibhaagathile cheria klaasikkukalaanu. kuttusovinte general staafil sevanamanushtikkumbol russian sainikarude manoveeryam vardhippikkunnathinaayi addeham ezhuthiya "russian yodhaakkalude campile oru bard" enna desasnehaparamaaya kavithayaan orupakshe addehathinte ettavum ariyappedunna yadhaartha kavita. saamraajyathva russiayude desheeyagaanathinu addeham varikal rachichu, "saarine rakshikkoo!"
1830 kalude avasaanathil, saahithyaramgathu ninnu bhaagikamaayi pinmaariyathin sesham, jarmman suhruthu friedrich dii laa motte foukkinte gadya novalaaya "andin" ennathinte valare yadhaartha padhya vivarthanathode sukovsky thirichuvaravu nadatthi. waltsing hexaameettaril ezhuthiya sukovsky pathipp pinneedu chaikovsky oru oopparaykkaayi librettoikk prachodanamaayi.
rajasabhayil ninnu viramicha sesham, pershyan ithihaasamaaya shahaanameyil ninnulla neenda bhagangal ulppede kizhakkan kavithakalude hexameter vivarthanangalkkayi shukovsky thante sheshikkunna varshangal neekkivechu. ennirunnaalum, eee kaalaghattatthile addehathinte ettavum valia nettam, oduvil 1849-ll addeham prasidheekaricha homarude "odeesi" yude vivarthanamaayirunnu. yadhaarthathe valachodichathinu vivarthanam shakthamayi vimarshikkappettilkundum, athu athintethaaya reethiyil oru classic aayi maarukayum russian kavithayude charithratthil sradheyamaaya sthaanam vahikkukayum cheiyunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandile russian novalinte vikasanathinu addehathinte "undina" yum "odeesi" yum-kavithayile neenda aakhyaana rachanakal-sradheyamaaya, thirascheenamaaya sambhavana nalkiyathaayi chila pandithanmaar vaadikkunnu.
mothatthil, aadhunika russian bhaashayile saahitya vyaakhyaanashaasthrathile ettavum pradhanappetta gadakamaanu sukovsky kruthikal. russian kavikalude oru "jarmman school" yude sthaapakanaayi addeham palappozhum kanakkaakkappedunnu, athinaal feoder tuchev, mareena swetteva thudangiya vidoora vyakthikale swaadheenichittundu.

