alem becagne

2004 vare ethiopiayile oru central jayilayirunnu alem becagne (, "lokathodu vida"), allengil 'kerchele jayil'. addis ababayil sthithicheyyunna eee jayil 1923 ll chakravarthini sevdiduvinte bharanakaalathu nilaninnirunnathaayirikkam, ennaal randaam itaalo-ethiopian yudhathinu sesham ethiopian budhijeevikale yekaattit 12 koottakolayil itaaliyan faasisttukal thadankalil vaykkukayum kollukayum cheytha sthalamaayi kuprasidhamaayi. hail selasi chakravartthiyude punasthaapanathinushesham, erythrian desheeyavaadikaleyum voyan kalaapathil earppettirikkunnavare paarppikkan eee jayil upayogathilundaayirunnu. thudarnnulla communist derg bharanathin keezhil, mattoru koottakkola, arupath perude koottakkola, redu terroril athiraalikalaaya grouppukale peedippikkukayum vadikkukayum cheytha sthalamaayirunnu jayil. 1991 meyy 28 nuu ethiopian peeples revolutionary demookratik frond addis ababayil praveshikkunnathuvare eee jayil manushyavakaasha lamghanangalude oru sthalamaayi thudarnnu, athinusesham ithu oru saadhaarana jayilayi maari. aafrikkan yooniyante aasthaanam nirmmikkaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi 2004ll jayil adachupoottukayum 2007ll polichuneekkukayum cheythu.
design.
10 muthal 20 vare thadavukaarkkaayi roopakalppana cheytha 57 cellukal-oronnum-oru ashtabhujaakrithiyilulla muttathinu chuttum rund thalangalayi krameekarichukondu, paanoptikan thathwangalkkanusrithamaayaanu alem becagne nirmmichathu. jaile janasamkhya aayirakkanakkin vardhichathode purambhaagathu adhika kudilukal nirmikkappettu. eee sthalathu oru pally rund velikalude roopathil oru sandarshana pradeshavum ulppedunnu. jayilil purushanmareyum sthreekaleyum thadavilaakki, irumbu sheettingiloode randupereyum vibhajichu.
akaki nadiyude poshakanadiyude theerathu sthithi cheiyunnathinaal eee jayil chilappol akaki jayil ennariyappettirunnu, allengil kerchele jayil, jayil enna itaaliyan padatthinte shabdaprayogamaaya "carser". lokathodu vida", "lokavasaanam" allengil "njaan lokathe upekshichu" enningane vividha bhashakalil vivarthanam cheyyappedunna alem becagne enna athinte vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna thalakkett, aakaashamallathe matellaam thadanja athinte mutta gadanayude falamaayirikkaam.
charithram.
aadyakaala charithravum itaaliyan adhinivesavum.
jayilinte nirmmaana theeyathi ariyillengilum 1923-loow 1924-loow sevdidu chakravartthiyude keezhil ithu aarambhichirikkam. 1936 meyy 5-nuu addis ababa itaaliyanmaarude kaivashamavukayum rashtreeya thadavukaare paarppikkunnathinaayi phaasist bharanakoodam eee jayil vegathil ettedukkukayum cheythu.
1937 februvari februvari (ethiopian kalandarile yekkattitt 12) rund erithriyanmaar itaaliyan kizhakkan aafrikkayile vaisroyiyaaya rodolfo grassiani vadhikkan shramichu. grassianiyude prathikaram vegathilaayirunnu, aayirathiladikam aalukale alem beckagil thadavilaakkukayum niravadhi pere kayarukal kondu adichamarthi kollukayum cheythu. itaaliyan adhiniveshathiludaneelam eee jayil upayogathilundaayirunnu, 1941 epril 6 nuu sakhyasena addis ababa mochippichappozhum athil thadavukaar undaayirunnu.
ethiopian saamraajyathinte punasthaapanam.
addis ababayude vimochanathode hail selasi chakravarty raajyathekku madangi. eathaandu udan thanne, selasi tigray pravisyayil oru prakshobhatthe nerittu. eee viplavathinte nethaakkalaaya voyaane alem bekkaanil thadavilaakkappedukayum erithriya pidichadakkiyathinethudnar erythrian desheeyavaadikal avarodoppam cherukayum cheythu.
1963ll oorganaiseshan oof aafrikkan yoonitti sthaapithamaayappol athinte aasthaanam alem bekkaaginte aduthaayirunnu. ovo aasthaanathinte janaalakalil ninnu akathe muttam drishyamaayirunnu, ennaal oovooyude edapedal nayamillaathathinaal, samghadana orikkalum jaile peedanatheyum kolapathakangaleyum apalapichittilla, mathramalla kettidatthil abhayam thediya rakshappettavare athu thirike nalkukayum cheyyum. durg bharanathin keezhil 60 manthrimaare thookkilettiyathum, avar oovu kettidatthinte poornna kaazhchayil oru mathilinu munnil varivariyayi nilkkunnathum kolapathakangalil ulppedunnu.
derg bharanam.
niravadhi rashtreeya thadavukaar orumichu nilkkunnathinaal, alem becagne ethiopian viplavakaarikale theevravaadi aakki. 1974 februvariyil nadanna oru viplavathethudarnnu derg ennariyappedunna maarksist-leninist sainika svechaadhipathyam adhikaarathil vannu. derg raajakudumbatheyum saamraajyathva sarkkarineyum arast cheyyukayum avare alem beckagil paarppikkukayum cheythu. 1974 november november nadanna arupathukalude koottakolayil pradhaanamanthrimaaraaya aklilu habbte-voold, endalkkachyoo mcconnon, raas (prins) asrettu kassa ennivarulppede ivaril palarum kollappettu.
1977ll mengistu haile maariyam derginte niyanthranam ettedukkukayum kyoo shibir allengil ethiopian redu terror ennariyappedunna thadavinum vadhashikshaykkum vendiyulla prachaaranatthiloode thante sthaanam urappikkukayum cheythu. eee shudheekaranangalil arastilaayavaril palareyum alem beckagil thadavilaakkukayum 10,000 perr aaa sthalathu kollappedukayum cheythu, athesamayam tirakkum shuchithvamillaatha avasthayum typhus moolam kooduthal aalukalude maranathinu kaaranamaayi.
avasana varshangalum polichuneekkalum.
derginte uyarcha muthal nadannukondirunna ethiopian aabhyantharayudham 1991 meyy meyy ethiopian janathayude viplava janaadhipathya munnaniyude addis ababayilekku praveshathode thalakeezhaayi. jayil kavalkkar oodippoyi, thadavukaar-aaa samayat, kooduthalum erythrian yudhathadavukaare-svayam mochippichu. arupathinte mrithadehangal jayil maitanath ninnu purathedutthu vishudha thrimoorthikalkkulla cathedralinu purathu punarsamskaaram cheythu.
2004ll jayil adachupoottukayum aaa varshathe rwandon vamshahathyayude patthaam vaarshikathil eee sthalam manushyavakaasha lamghanangalude smarakamaakki mattaanulla padhathikal aafrikkan union munnil avatharippikkukayum cheythu. eee padhathikale addis ababa mayer arkebe akbe pinthunachu. ennirunnaalum, muun thadavukaaranaayirunnenkilum muun svechaadhipathyangalude adayaalangal neekkam cheiyunnathinu samarppikkapetta berhan deressa okwey meyaraayi maatti, chainees sarkkar aaa sthalathu oru puthiya aasthaanathinte sammanam vaagdaanam cheythu. smaaraka padhathikal nirasikkappedukayum 2007ll alem becagne oru divasathinullil polichuneekkappedukayum cheythu. jayilil onnum avasheshikkunnilla, ennaal puthiya ooo konfarans sentarinum oafees complexinum athinte vadakkan moolayil alem bekaagnte oru cheria smaarakam undu.

