
shotwar paarkk

englandile ooksfordshayarile veetlikkaduthulla pathinettaam noottaandile oru kantri hausum paarkkumaan shotwar paarkk (shotwar house ennum ariyappedunnu). veedu, poonthottam, parkland enniva engleesh paithrukamulla grade I-listtilaan, koodaathe 18 adhika gadanakalum pattikappedutthiyittundu. shotwar house, athinte poonthottangal, parkland, vishalamaaya estettu (shotwar estettu ennariyappedunnu) enniva shotwar trasttinte swakaarya udamasthathayilullathaanu. shotwar kunninte vadakkum kizhakkum charivukalil sthithi cheiyunna shotwar paarkkine aduthide peritta shotwar kantri parkkumaayi thettidharikkaruthu, ithu ooksfoord sitti kaunsil niyanthrikkunna shotwar kunninte thekkupadinjaaran charivukalile oru pothu park prakrithi samrakshana kendravumaanu.
toponymi.
shotwar enna perinte uravidam anishchithathvathilaanu. eee sthalathe franch norman royal hunding lodjaaya "chaatto vertt" ("green kaasil") ll ninnaan ithu varunnathennaan oru nirddesham. novelist roobert graves eee sidhaanthathinte vakthavaayirunnu, thante classic pusthakatthil ithu paraamarsikkunnu. 
mattoru badal pazhaya engleesh "scott oofar" ("upper spurr") aanu. samudranirappil ninnu uyarnna oaksfordinu kizhakkayi sthithi cheiyunna shotwar kunnaanu. 1068 leeii thaazhikakkudapusthakathil eee sthalam "skottoon" ennaanu thiricharinjathu. 13-aamm noottaandil, king joninteyum henry moonnaamanteyum pettant rolukal shotovarine "scottor", "shottor", "shottor", "shotower" enningane vividha tharatthil paraamarsikkunnu.
charithram.
shotwar lodge.
thaazhikakkudam vare witchwood rajakeeya vanathinte bhaagamaayirunnu shotwar paarkk. 1566-ll ooksfoord sandarshanam avasaanippikkunnathinaayi elisabath onnaaman raajnji thante sweekaranathinaayi thiranjeduttha sthalamaayi aaghoshikkappedunna oru "purathana" veedu aaa sthalathundaayirunnu. ooksfoord prabhashakan rogger marbeck ooksfoord sarvakalashaalayekkurichum sarvakalaashaalaykk raajnjiyude vilapetta pinthunayekkurichum oru prasangam nadatthi. shotwaril ninnu purappettappol raajnji ingane paranjathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu, "ooksfoord sarvakalashalaye vida parayoo, avideyulla ente nalla vishayangale vida parayoo, ente priyappetta pandithanmaare vida parayoo; ningalude patanam abhivridhippette ennu daivathodu praarthikkuka."
pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil oru vichitramaaya vettayaadal apakadathetthudarnnu shootvar tyrel kudumbatthinte kaivashamaayi. jaims onnaaman raajaavinte mootha makan kaumaarakkaaranumaaya weils rajakumaaranaaya henrique vendi rajakeeya buckhoundukalude yajamananaaya timothi tyrel oru chattha vavvaaline kaivasham vachirunnuvennaanu katha. nirbhagyakaramaaya apakadatthinte oru charithramanusarichu "thante joliyiloode, [tyrel] raajakumaarante thalayil bakkinte thala pidichu athu murikkukayum angane cheythukondu addehathinte maharajavu buckhoundukalude yajamanane kaikk kuruke murikkukayum athu addehathe ennekkum athu upayogikkunnathil ninnu aprapthanaakkukayum cheythu."nashtaparihaaramaayi, rajakumaran shattvar, stoo virak ennivayude vanangalude ranchership tyralinu nalki. 
1613-ll, 1612-ll henry raajakumaarante maranathethudarnnu, jaims rajaavu timoti tyralinteyum addehathinte rund puthranmaraaya timoti (chaals onnaaman raajaavinte buckhoundukalude yajamanan), vilyam ennivarude jeevithakalam muzhuvan aksharangalude pettant vazhi ranchership sthireekarichu. 1624 august 29nuu jaims rajaavu oru kaayika vettayil pankedukkumbol shotwaril mootha timoti tyralinu naitt padavi nalki. 1632ll addeham marichu.
buckinghamshare ookliyil ninnulla tyrel kudumbam pathinezhaam noottaandil angeyattam shakthiyode valarnnu. ooksfordshayarile rajakeeya vanam headington, maarsttan, mattu 10 edavakakalude bhagangal ennividangalilaayi vyaapichu. ennirunnaalum, praadeshika janangalkkidayil nadannukondirunna poraattavum engleesh aabhyantharayudhasamayathu raajakeeyavaadikal murichumaattiya marangalum vanathe valare kuzhappathilaakki, 1660-ll vanapradeshangal vanavalkkarikkappettu-inii rajakeeya vanaa niyamangalkk vidheyamalla.
elisabath raajnji sandarshicha athe veedaano atho mattoru kettidamaano ennu ariyillengilum shotwar lodge allengil shotwar house ennariyappedunna oru veettilaanu trailermar thaamasichirunnathu. mootha sarr timothiyude kochumakanum charitrakaaranum rashtreeya saidhaanthikanumaaya jaims tyrel 1670-ll vivaahasesham ookliyilekku maarunnathinumumbu shotwaril valarnnu. tyrel thante samayam ooklikkum shotwarinum idayil vibhajichu. 1658ll ooksfordilvechu kandumuttya joonn lokkinte adutha suhruthaayirunnu tyrel. 1670kalude avasaanathilum 1680kalude thudakkathilum loock shotwaril pathivayi athidhiyaayirunnu, 1683ll hollandlake palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhithanaayappol surakshithathvathinaayi addeham avide pepparukalum pusthakangalum sambharichu. 1687ll jaims randaaman buckinghamshare praadeshika bharanathil ninnu purathupokaan nirbandhichathinu sesham tyrel oduvil ookliye vilkkukayum shotwarilekku madangukayum cheythu.
shotwar paarkk.
ilaya sarr timothi 1701-ll marichu. nilavile shotwar paarkkinte nirmmaanam addehathinte makan jayimsinte keezhil ekadesham aii. dii. 1-ll aarambhichu, elisabath raajnji sandarshicha veedinte sthalathinu ekadesham kizhakkayi ithu sthithicheyyunnu. <aii. dii. 1> ll addeham shotwaril oru gothik kshethram nirmmichu. corner gopurangal, arcade logia, battlemented gable ennivayulla kshethram orupakshe englandile gothik punarujjeevana vaasthuvidyayude aadya soochanayaanu. adutha varsham jaims marikkukayum addehathinte makan sainika udyogasthanum empiyumaaya lefttanant general jaims tyralinte keezhil kettidatthinte nirmmaanam thudarukayum cheythu.
sarr timothi niyogicha puthiya veedinte aarkkitekt anishchithathvathilaanu, ennaal ooksfoord sarvakalashaalayil niravadhi kettidangalil jolie cheythirunna ooksfoord aarkkitektum mesanumaaya vilyam tounsend (allengil tounsend; 1676-1739) aanu shotwar paarkk roopakalppana cheythathennu vishwasikkappedunnu. sarr nicolas pevsner thante "buildings oof englandu" parambarayude ooksfoordshire pathippil shotwar paarkkin ooksfoordile kweens kolejumaayi sakthamaaya saamyamundennu ezhuthi, ithu tounsendumaayi bandhippikkunnu. 1720 oode nirmmaanam poorthiyaayathaayirikkaam; 1718-leeii theeyathi mazhavellathinte thalakalil prathyakshappedunnu. mootha jaims tyralinte gothik kshethrathinte roopakalppana tounsend allengil jaims gibbs aanennu aaropikkappedunnu.
westmoreland kondu nirmmicha melkkoora kallukal kondu nirmmicha velsh slettum upayogichu kalar vaash cheytha chunnaambukallu ashlar upayogichaanu shotwar paarkk nirmmichathu. rund nilakalum oru basement adayaalangalum ulkkollunna eratta aazhathilulla padhathiyaanu veedu nirmmichirikkunnathu. aadya veedinu ezhu janaalakalulla munvashamundaayirunnu. 1855-ll, joshuva sims naveekarichathil iruvashathum rund chirakukal cherthukondu ithu 15-jaalakangalilekku vyapippichu. ionic pedimented porchu, kamaanamulla munvashathe vaathil, vashathulla kamaanamulla janalakal enniva pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil cherthavayaanu. thaazhatheyum onnaam nilayileyum janaalakalil floating cornisukal, mould cheytha architraves, kansolukalil pinthunaykkunna sills enniva undu.
shotwar paarkkile aadyakaala outbuildingukalilum savisheshathakalilum moonnu stabilukal, oru coach house, oru dhaanyashaala, oru kalappura, ksheerakarshakar, varkk house, oru bru house, thottakkaarude kottej, niravadhi poonthottangalum cheruppamulla marangalulla nazhsarikalum, aarr cheria malsyakkulangalum ulppedunnu. eee sthalathe aupachaarika poonthottam 1718 muthalullathaanu, athil grade aii-listtucheytha mathilukalulla adukkala poonthottam ulppedunnu.
sarr timothicayi nirmmicha gothik shethrathinu purame, 1735 ll vilyam kent roopakalppana cheytha oru valia obeliskum mattoru shethravum poonthottatthil ulppedunnu. elisabath raajnjiyude sandarshanathe bahumanikkunnathinaayi nirmmicha obelisk avar sandarshicha purathana veedinte sthalathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu. 1980kalil marangal veenathine thudarnnu kent shethrathinu saaramaya kedupaadukal sambhavichuvenkilum 1988ll charitraparamaaya kettidangaludeyum smaarakangaludeyum kammeeshante sahaayathode ithu punasthaapichu.
1742ll jaims tyrel marikkukayum jorjju randaaman rajaavinu vasthrangalude yajamaananaayithernna jorjju onnaaman raajaavinte priyappetta baaran augustus shuttsinte kudumbatthinu eee estettu nalkukayum cheythu. athu jorjju moonnaaman raajaavinte bedd chembarinte varanaayirunna addehathinte makan jorjju frederic shutsin addehathinte makan thomas jaims shutsin kaimari.
thomas marichappol, shotwar paarkk addehathinte ilaya sahodari meriyiloode drury kudumbatthinte kaikalilekku pooyi, avar randaamathe baaranat sarr jorjju vaandeputtine vivaham kazhichu. richard vere drury vivaham kazhicha oru makal frances enna oru anantharaavakaashiye maathrame avar avasheshippichulloo. avarude makan jorjju wandeput druric shotwar kaimari, addeham 1849 novemberil anantharaavakaashiyillaathe marichu.
1850-ll jorjju gammi (pinneedu gammi-maitland) australiyayile thante udamasthathayilulla swath vilppanayiloode labhicha varumanam upayogichu shotwar vaangi. (addehathinte bisinus pankaali vilyam gilbert reez nyoosilandile shotower nadikku gamiyude perittu.) 1871ll estettu kenal jaims millarinu vittappol gammi-maitlaand papparaayi. kireeda kuthirapadayum raajnji elisabath randaamante suhruthumaaya alfred dougless millarinteyum addehathinte makan sarr joonn millarinteyum udamasthathayilulla eee miller kudumbam 2006 vare avide thudarnnu. rajakudumbam estettu pathivayi sandarshikkaarundaayirunnu; 15-aamm vayassil shotwaril sawari cheiyunnathinide kuthirayil ninnu veena mookk aan rajakumariykku odinju.
innu.
1964 muthal shotwar paarkk oru trasttil nadakkunnundu. veettile sameepakaala thaamasakkaril mejar alexander alfred miller (alasteyar ennariyappedunnu) pinneedu addehathinte ilaya sahodaran sarr joonn miller ulppedunnu. avarude anantharavan, sarr bevil staaniyar, 3rd baaranat, trasttikalil oraalaan, addehathinte makan alexander jaims sinnot staaniyar ippol aaa veettilaanu thaamasikkunnath. park estettu cover.

