
pashthoonisthaan

pashthoon samskaaram, pashthoon bhasha, pashthoon swathuam enniva adisthaanamaakkiyulla thekkan afgaanisthaanileyum thekkukizhakkan eshyayile vadakkupadinjaaran paakisthaanileyum thaddesheeya pashthoon janatha vasikkunna iranian peedabhoomiyil sthithicheyyunna oru charitra pradesamaanu pashthoonisthaan. charitraparamaayi eee pradeshathinu upayogikkunna badal perukalil pashthunkhwaa (), pakhthunisthaan, pashtunistaan allengil pashthoon beltt enniva ulppedunnu. vadakku turkistan, vadakkukizhakku kashmeer, kizhakk panchab, thekk baluchistan, padinjaaru iraan ennee bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradesangalumaayi pashthoonisthaan athirthi pankidunnu.
1893-ll indiayile britiish bharanakaalathu, mortimer durrand durand line varachu, mahathaaya kaliyude samayat afgaanisthaan emirettum britiish indiayum thammilulla swaadheena mekhalakalude paridhikal nischayikkukayum charitraparamaaya pashthoon pradeshatthinte pakuthiyolam britiish colonial bharanathinu keezhil avasheshikkukayum cheythu; indiayude vibhajanathinu sesham, durrand line ippol afgaanisthaanum paakistaanum thammilulla anthaaraashtrathalathil amgeekarikkappetta athirthiyaayi maarunnu. parambaraagatha pashthoon janmadesham ekadesham afgaanisthaanile amu nadiyude thekk muthal paakisthaanile indus nadiyude padinjaaru vare vyaapichukidakkunnu; pradhaanamaayum afgaanisthaanile thekkupadinjaaran, kizhakk, chila vadakkan, padinjaaran jillakal, paakkisthaanile pakhthunkhwa, vadakkan balochistan enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
pathinaram noottaandile vaseeristhaanile viplava nethaavu bayazid pirr rotion pathinezhaam noottaandile "yoddhaa-kavi" khushaal khaan khattakkum eee mekhalayile mugal saamraajyathinethire pooraadunnathinaayi pashthoon sainyathe aninirathi. eee samayat pashthoonisthaante kizhakkan bhagangal mugalmaarum padinjaaran bhagangal safavid iraanumaayirunnu bharichirunnathu. 1709ll looy kaandahaarile safaavidukalkkethire mirwaiz hotak vijayakaramaayi kalapam nadathiyathodeyaanu pashthoonisthaanu aadyamaayi svayambharana padavi labhichathu. 1747ll durrani rajavamsham sthaapikkukayum afghan saamrajyam sthaapikkukayum cheytha ahamed shhaa durraniyude neethrthwathil pashthoonukal pinneedu aikyam kaivarichu. ennirunnaalum, pathonpathaam noottaandil afghan saamraajyathin athinte kizhakkan pradeshatthinte valiyoru bhagam sikh saamrajyathinum pinneedu britiish saamrajyathinum nashtamaayi. pashthoon vamshajaraaya prashastha indian swaathanthrya samara pravartthakaril abdul guffer khaan, abdul samad khaan achaksaay, mirzali khaan ennivar ulppedunnu. abdul guffer khaante khudaay khidmatgarh prasthaanam hindu-muslim mathaparamaya adisthaanathil indiayude vibhajanathe shakthamayi ethirthu. khudaay khidmatgarh nethaakkalumaayi koodiyaalochikkaathe indian naashanal kongras vibhajana padhathi amgeekarichathaayi prakhyaapichappol khaan kadutha viyojip prakadippichu. pashthoon bhooripakshamulla vadakkupadinjaaran athirthi pravishya (enn. dablyu. eph. pii) oru swatantra pashthoon samsthaanamaayi maaranamenn khudaay khidmatgarh prasthaanam aavasyappetta bannu prameyam undaayirunnittum, 1947 leeii enn. dablyu. eph. pii hitaparisodhanayethudarnnu enn. dablyu. eph. pii paakistaan aadhipathyathil ulppeduthi. khudai khitthmatgar enn. dablyu. eph. pii. referendum bahishkarikkukayum khaanum addehathinte sahodaran annathe mukhyamanthriyumaaya khaan abdul jabbar khaanum nirasikkukayum cheytha enn. dablyu. eph. pii. yeei swatantra indiayilo paakkisthaanilo allathe oru swatantra rajyamaakkaano afgaanisthaanumaayi layippikkano watermark avasaram nalkunnillennu abhiprayappettu. thante jeevithathil pinneedu, "pashthoonisthaan orikkalum oru yaadhaarthyamaayirunnilla" ennum oru swatantra pashthoonisthaan enna ashayam orikkalum pashthoonukale sahayikkillennum avarkk kashtappaadukal maathram undakkumennum addeham khedathode prasthaavichu. afgaanisthaanile thudarnnulla sarkkarukal eee ashayam avarude swantham rashtreeya lakshyangalkkayi maathram upayogappeduthi" ennum addeham paranju. koodaathe, paakistaan samsthaanathum sarkkaarilum pashthoonukalude vardhichuvarunna pankaalittham 1960kalude avasaanathode vighadanavaada pashthoonisthaan prasthaanatthinu sheshikkunna pinthuna illaathaakaan kaaranamaayi. 1969ll swaatt, dhir, chitraal, amb ennee svayambharana naatturajyangal paakistaan enn. dablyu. eph. piyil layippichu. 2018ll, pashthoon bhooripaksha federal bharanathilulla gothramekhalakalum, munbu afgaanisthaanumaayulla svayambharana buffer soonum, khaibar pakhthunkhwa pravisyayil (munbu enn. dablyu. eph. pii ennariyappettirunnu) layippikkukayum eee pradeshathe paakisthaanumaayi poornnamaayum samyojippikkukayum cheythu.
padatthinte uthbhavam.
madhyakaalakhattathilum irupathaam noottaand vareyum eee pradeshathinu upayogichirunna peru afgaanisthaan aayirunnu. afgaankaaraayirunna vamsheeyathayude adisthaanathil afgaanisthaan eee raajyathe paraamarshikkumbol pashthoonisthaan eee raajyathe athinte bhaashayude adisthaanathil paraamarsikkunnu. aaram noottaandile indian jyothishaasthranjanaaya varahamihira, ezhaam noottaandile chainees theerthaadakanaaya hiven siang, pathinalam noottaandile morocan pandithanaaya ibn bathootha, mugal chakravarthiyaaya babber, pathinaram noottaandile charitrakaaranaaya firishta thudangi niravadhi perr ahamed shhaa durrani thante prashasthamaaya dvipadathil paraamarshicha pashthoonisthaan enna peril afgaanisthaan enna perilulla eee bhoomiyude paramarsham munpaanu.
pashthoonisthaan allengil pashthoonisthaan () enna pashtoo namam yadhaarthathil indian padamaaya "pathanisthaan" (hindistani Катонистан, чатанистан) ennathil ninnaan uruthirinjathu. pashthunkhwaa enna padatthil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu pashtunhisthaan enna ashayam. khudaay khidmatgarh ulppedeyulla britiish indian nethaakkal eee pradeshathe soochippikkaan "pathanisthaan" enna vaakk upayogikkaan thudangi, pinneedu "pashthoonisthaan" enna vaakk kooduthal janapriyamaayi.
thaddeshiyar.
pashthoonisthaanile thaddesheeyaro thaddesheeyaraayavaro aaya janangal iranian vamseeya vibhagamaaya pashthoonukalaanu (pakhthoonukal, pathaanmaar, charitraparamaayi vamseeya afghanmar ennum ariyappedunnu). afgaanisthaanile ettavum valia vamseeya vibhaagavum paakkisthaanile randaamathe valia vamseeya vibhagavumaanu avar. pradhaanamaayum afgaanisthaante thekkum kizhakkum kendreekarichirikkunna pashthoonukal raajyathinte vadakkan, padinjaaran bhagangalilum nyoonapaksha vibhaagamaayi nilanilkkunnu. pradhaanamaayum khaibar pakhthunkhwayilum vadakkan baloochisthaanilum vasikkunna avar padinjaarum vadakkupadinjaarum kendreekrithamaanu. koodaathe, paakkisthaante mattu bhagangalaaya sind, panchab, gilgit-baltistan, raajyathinte thalasthaanamaaya islamabad ennividangalil pashthoonukalude samudaayangal kaanapedunnu. pashtoonisthaan mekhalayil samsaarikkunna pradhana bhasha pashtoo aanu, thudarnnu gujari, balochi, darii, hindko, urdu thudangiya bhashakal samsaarikkunnu.
pashthoonukalude thaddesheeya samskaramaaya "pashthoonvaali" pashthoonukal acharikkunnu, eee islaaminu munbulla swathuam pala pashthoonukalkkum praadhaanyamullathaayi thudarunnu, ithu pashthoonisthaan prashnathe sajeevamaayi nilanirtthiya gadakangalilonnaanu. pakistanum afgaanisthaanum thammilulla durrand rekhayaal pashthoonukal raashtreeyamaayi verthirikkappedunnumdum, faatta pradeshathu ninnum afgaanisthaante sameepa pradeshangalil ninnumulla niravadhi pashthoon gothrangal athirthi avaganikkukayum vivahangalil pankedukkaanum kudumba chadangukalil pankedukkaanum "jirgas" ennariyappedunna samyuktha gotra kaunsilukalil pankedukkaanum thaarathamyena eluppathil angotum ingottum kadakkukayum cheiyunnu. bheekarathaykkethiraaya yudhathinu munbu ithu saadhaaranamaayirunnuvenkilum faattayil nadatthiya niravadhi sainika pravarthanangalkku sesham, eee athirthi kadannulla chalanam sainika maarggam parishodhikkappedukayum munkalangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol valare kuravaayitheerukayum cheiyunnu.
uravidathe aashrayich, vamseeya pashthoonukal afgaanisthaanile janasamkhyayude <aii. dii. 1> aanu. ayalrajyamaaya paakisthaanil avar 200 dasalaksham janasamkhyayude% aanu, mattu paakistaan nagarangalileyum pravisyakalileyum pashthoon pravaasikale ulppeduthiyitla. paakkisthaanile khaibar pakhthunkhwa pravisyayil 1998 leeii kanakkanusarichu janasamkhyayude 73 sathamaanathiladhikam pashtoo samsarikkunnavar aanu.
charithram.
bii. sii. randaam sahasraabdam muthal, ippol thaddesheeya pashthoon janatha adhivasikkunna eee pradesham purathana iranian janatha, medikal, achemenidukal, greekkukal, mouryar, kushan, hephthalaittukal, sasanianmar, arab muslimkal, thurkkukal, mugal thudangiyavar keezhadakkiyirunnu. sameepakaalath paashchaathyalokatthe aalukal eee pradesham naamamaathramaayi paryavekshanam cheythittundu.
ezhaam noottaandil arab musleengal ethi, thaddesheeya pashthoon janathaykku islam avatharippikkan thudangi. pashthoonisthaan pradesham pinneedu turkish gasnaveedsinu keezhilaayi, avarude pradhana thalasthaanam gasniyaayirunnu, lahore randaamathe power hausaayi pravarthichu. innathe afgaanisthaanile ghoridil ninnu ghasnavid saamrajyam pinneedu goridukal etteduthu. 13-aamm noottaandil chenkis khaante sainyam ethi vadakku nagarangal nasippikkaan thudangi, athesamayam pashthoon pradesham dalhiyile khalji rajavamsham prathirodhichu. pathinalam noottaandilum pathinanjaam noottaandilum 1504ll babber kaabool pidichedukkunnathuvare themurid rajavamsham aduthulla nagarangaludeyum pattanangaludeyum niyanthranathilaayirunnu.
dalhi sulthaanettum avasaanathe afghan saamrajyavum.
dalhi sulthaanettu kaalaghattatthil, eee pradesham pradhaanamaayum afghan, indiayile dalhiyil ninnulla vividha, pradhaanamaayum sunni, hanafi-jurisprudential nayikkunna turkey rajavamshangal bharichirunnu. mugal bharanathinethire kalapam nadatthaan pashthoonukale prerippikkaan sramichathinu mugal chakravarty aurangseb thadavilaakkiya "yoddhaa-kavi" khushaal khaan khattak aayirunnu aadyakaala pashthoon desheeyavaadi. ennirunnaalum, oru pothu bhasha pankidukayum oru pothu poorvvikaril vishwasikkukayum cheythenkilum, pashthoonukal aadyamaayi aikyam nediyathu pathinettaam noottaandilaanu. pashthoonisthaante kizhakkan bhagangal mugal saamrajyavum padinjaaran bhagangal pershyan safaavidukalum avarude kizhakke pravisyakalaayi bharichirunnu. pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil mirwaiz hothakkinte neethrthwathilulla pashthoon gothrangal kandahar nagaratthile safaavidukalkkethire vijayakaramaayi kalapam nadatthi. sambhavangalude oru shringalayil addeham kandahar ippol thekkan afgaanisthaante mattu bhaagangalum swathanthramaanennu prakhyaapichu. 1738 aayappozhekkum mugal saamrajyam thakarnnadinju, avarude thalasthaanam oru puthiya iranian bharanaadhikaariyude sainyam kollayadikkukayum kollayadikkukayum cheythu; sainika prathibhayum kamaandarumaaya nather shhaa. pershyan, turkmen, kakkeshyan senakalkku purame, yuva ahamed shhaa durrani innathe afgaanisthaanil ninnulla 4,000 nannayi pariseelanam labhicha abdali pashthoon sainikarum naadarinoppamundaayirunnu.
1747-ll nather shaayude maranathinum addehathinte vann saamraajyathinte vighadanathinum sesham, aadhunika afgaanisthaan, vadakkukizhakkan iraan, sind, panchab, baluchistan, kashmeer ennivayulppede, ahamed shhaa durrani svanthamaayi valuthum shakthavumaya durrani saamrajyam srishtichu. ahamed shhaa durraniyude prashasthamaaya dvipadam praadeshika nagaramaya kaandahaarumaayi janangalkulla bandhathekkurichu vivarikkunnu
"dhaa dilee thakhth herauma cheh rayad kamm samaa dhaa khakule pakhthoonkhwaa dhaa ghre saroona".
vivarthanam "ente manoharamaaya pukhthunkhvayile parvathashikharangal oorkkumbol njaan dalhiyude simhasana marakkunnu."
1747ll sthaapithamaaya avasaanathe afghan saamrajyam ellah vyathyastha pashthoon gothrangaleyum mattu niravadhi vamseeya vibhaagangaleyum onnippichu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil peshavaarin chuttumulla pashthoonisthaan pradeshatthinte chila bhagangal ranjith singh addehathinte sikh sainyavum aakramichuvenkilum kurachu varshangalkk sesham kizhakk ninnu pashthoonisthaan mekhalayil ethiya puthiya sakthamaaya saamrajyamaaya britiish raaj avare paraajayappeduthi.
europian swaadheenam.
durrani raajavamshathinte pathanatheyum afgaanisthaanil puthiya baraxay raajavamshathinte sthaapanatheyumthudarnnu, dakshineshyayude mattu bhaagangalile niyanthranam britteeshukaarkk nashtappettathinaal pashthoon domainukal churungaan thudangi, athaayath panchab mekhala, balochistan mekhala. russian saamrajyavum briteeshukaarum thammil nadanna mothatthilulla saamraajyathvaparamaaya mahathaaya kaliyude bhagamaayaanu anglo-afghan yudhangal nadannathu. daridrarum karayal chuttappettavarumaya puthuthayi janicha afgaanisthaanu thangalude pradesham samrakshikkanum irupakshatheyum parasparam upayogichu akattinirthaanum kazhinju. 1893ll, athath swaadheena mekhalakalude paridhi nischayikkunnathinulla oru maarggamaayi, afghan 'irumbu' ameer abdur rahman britiish viceroi mortimer durand thammil durand line karar oppuvachu. 1905-ll vadakkupadinjaaran athirthi pravishya (innathe khaibar pakhthunkhwa) srishtikkappedukayum britiish domaininullil pashthoon bhooripaksha pradesangalumaayi ekadesham yojikkukayum cheythu. orikkalum britiish bharanam poornnamaayum amgeekarikkaathavarum kalaapangalkk irayaakunnavarumaaya pashthoon gothrakkaare kooduthal samaadhaanippikkunnathinaayi faatta pradesham srishtichu, athesamayam poura soukaryangal sthaapikkunnathum railway, rooad adisthaana soukaryangal, vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangal ennivayude nirmmanavum eee pradeshathe vikasita lokathinu thulyamaakkunnathumaayi federal niyamabharanavumayi poornnamaayi samyojippichukondu peshawar nagaram britiish samrakshitha samsthaanathinte bhaagamaayi nerittu bharichu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, oru jihadil khaleefaykku vendi kendra sakhyakakshikalumayi cheraan ottomaan turkey germmaniyum needermayer-hentig mission vazhi afghan sarkkaarumaayi bandhapettu; chila viplavakaarikalum gothravargakkaarum nasrulla khaan enna ameerinte sahodaran ulppedeyulla afghan nethaakkalum prathinidhi samghathe anukoolikkukayum ameer jihad prakhyaapikkanamenn aagrahikkukayum cheythu. pershyan bhaashayile khaleefayil ninnulla oru firman cassim bay vahichirunnu. pathaansthaan nivaasikale" abhisambodhana cheythaayirunnu ithu."britishukaar paraajayappedumbol, addehathinte mahatwamullah khaleefa, sakhyarajyangalumaayi yojichu, ikyaraashtrasabhayaaya pathaanisthaante swaathanthryathinu urappu nalkumennum athinu ellaatharam sahaayangalum nalkumennum athil parayunnu. athinusesham, pathaansthaan rajyath oru tharatthilulla edapedalum njaan anuvadikkilla."(ahamed chagharsaayi; 1989; pp. 138-139). ennirunnaalum sramangal paraajayappedukayum afghan ameer habibullah khaan onnaam lokamahaayudhathiludaneelam afgaanisthaante nishpakshatha nilanirthukayum cheythu.
athupole, 1942leeii paarshwavalkkarana dauthyathilum 1946ll indiayile kaabinat dauthyathilum, indiayude swaathanthryathekkurichu eathu charchayilum enn. dablyu. eph. piyude bhaviyil afgaanisthaante punk ulppeduthanamennu urappakkaan afghan sarkkar aavarthichu shramichu. afghan janathayude punk nirasikkunnathinum enn. dablyu. eph. pii britiish indiayude avibhaajya gadakamaanenna nirbandhathinum britiish sarkkar urappu nalki.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, naasi jarmmani sarkkar indiayile thangalude domaininte vadakkupadinjaaran bhaagath britiish niyanthranam asthirappeduthunnathina nishpaksha afgaanisthaanumaayi oru sakhyam nirddeshichu. pakaramaayi, arabikkadalilekku vilapetta praveshanam nedunnathinaayi enn. dablyu. eph. piyum karachi thuramukhavum jarmman sainika sahaayathode afgaanisthaan raajyathin vittukodukkanamennu afghankar aavasyappettu. atharamoru padhathikku enn. dablyu. eph. pii, baluchistan, sind pravishyakal kootticherkkal aavasyamaanu.
oru pouraavakaasha prasthaanatthile amgangalaayirunnu khudaay khidmatgarukal ("redu sharttukal" ennum ariyappedunnu). indian aaktivist mahathmaagaandhiyil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanennu athinte nethaavu baacha khaan avakashappettu. chuvanna sharttukal rashtreeya veekshanakonil indian naashanal kongrasumaayi pravartthikkaan thayyarayirunnappol, enn. dablyu. eph. piyil thamasikkunna pashthoonukal indiayil ninnu swaathanthryam aagrahichu. ennirunnaalum, britiish indiayile pashthoonukal swaathanthryam nedunnathinupakaram ekeekritha indiayude bhaagamaayi thudaranamennu baacha khaan aagrahichu.
bannu prameyam.
1947 juunil mirzali khaan (aipiyude fakhir), baacha khaan, mattu khudaay khidmatgarukal ennivar bannu prameyam prakhyaapichu, puthiya samsthaanamaaya paakisthaanil cherunnathinupakaram britiish indiayile ellah pashthoon bhooripaksha pradeshangalum ulkkollunna oru swatantra rajyamaaya pashthoonisthaan thiranjedukkanamennu aavasyappettu. ennirunnaalum, britiish raaj eee prameyathinte aavasyam palikkaan visammathichu.
1947 enn. dablyu. eph. pii. hitaparisodhana.
baacha khaanum annathe mukhyamanthriyaayirunna doow. khaan sahib, kongras neethrthwam avare kabalippichathinaal. ekadesham (<aii. dii. 1>%) vottukal paakkisthaan anukoolamaayum 2,874 (<aii. dii. 2>) vottukal maathramaan indiaykku anukoolamaayum rekhappeduthiyathu.
1947ll pakistan swaathanthryam nedi.
pashthoonisthaan enna aashayathin paakisthaanilum afgaanisthaanilum udaneelam vyathyastha ardhangalundu.
afgaanisthaanil, pashthoon desheeyavaadikal pashthoon vamseeya vibhaagathinte thalpparyangal paripalikkukayum avaril ninnu maathram pinthuna nedukayum cheiyunnu. avar "looy afgaanisthaan" allengil "grettar afgaanisthaan" enna aashayangale anukoolikkukayum pashthoon janasamkhyayulla muzhuvan pradeshathum oru abhedyamaaya avakaashavaadam nilanirthukayum cheiyunnu. pashtoonisthaan aavasyam aabhyanthara afghan raashtreeyathinte kaaranavum niravetti, avide thudarchayaaya niravadhi sarkkarukal samsthaanathinu "pashthoon vamseeya pinthuna" shakthippeduthaan eee ashayam upayogichu. eee nayam raajyathe pashthoonukalum pashthoonallaatthavarum thammilulla vamseeya-bhasha shathruthaye shakthippeduthi. eee avakaashavaadangal paakisthaanil ethirkkappedunnu, avide pashthoon raashtreeyam abhedya raashtreeyathekkaal rashtreeya svayambharanathe kendreekarikkunnu.
1940kalude avasaanam muthal britiish indiayude pirichuvidalum paakkisthaante swaathanthryavum muthal, chila karkkashamaaya pashthoon desheeyavaadikal afgaanisthaanumaayi layippikkano pradeshathe praadeshika pashthoon nivaasikalkk bhaaviyile paramadhikaara rajyamaayi pashtoonisthaan srishtikkaano nirddeshichu. thudakkathil, 1947ll ikyaraashtrasabhayilekku paakisthaante praveshanathe ethirtha eaka sarkkaraayi afgaanisthaan maari, ennirunnaalum kurachu maasangalkk sesham athu pinvalikkapettu. 1949 juulai 26nuu afgaanisthaan-paakistaan bandham athivegam vashalaayikkondirikke, paakistaan vyomasenayude sainika vimanam durrand laininte afghan bhaagathulla oru graamatthil bombittathine thudarnnu afgaanisthaanil oru loya jirga nadannu. eee lamghanathinte falamaayi, afghan sarkkar "saangalppika duranto samanamaaya rekhayo" amgeekarichillennum munkaala durand line karaarukalellaam asaadhuvaanennum prakhyaapichu. 1948ll niyamanirmmanasabhayil paakkisthaanumaayi vishwasthatha pulartthumennu prathijnjayeduttha baacha khaan, prasamgatthil pii. emm. liyaakhathu alii khaan addehathodu pashthoonisthaanekkurichu chodichappol, panchaabineppole paakisthaanile pashthoon pravishyayude oru peru maathramaanennum panchab, bangal, sind, baluchistan enniva paakisthaanile pravishyakalude vamseeya-bhasha perukalaanennum addeham paranju. 1950 muthal 1960kalude avasaanam vare, pashthoonukalkk paakistaan sarkkarinum sainyathinakath uyarnna sthaanangalilekku sthaanakkayattam nalkappedukayum athuvazhi pashthoonukale paakistaan rajyavumaayi samyojippikkukayum 1960kalude madhyathode oru swatantra pashthoonisthaanu vendiyulla janakeeya pinthuna illaathaakunnathuvare vighadanavaada vikaarangale saaramaayi durbalappeduthukayum cheythu.
afgaanisthaanum pashthoon desheeyavaadikalum 1965lum 1971lum indiayumaayulla yudhangalil paakkisthaante durbalata chooshanam cheythilla, koodaathe hindu bhooripakshamulla indiaykkethire paakisthaane pinthunakkukayum cheythu. koodaathe, paakisthaane india asthirappeduthiyirunne, desheeyavaadikalkku avarude swaathanthryathinaayi paakisthaanekkaal valare valia oru raajyathinethire poraadendivarum.
annathe afgaanisthaan pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna sardar davood khaan paakisthaanile pashthoonukalude afgaanisthaanumaayulla deseeya punarekeekaranatthe pinthunachu. khaibar pakhthunkhwa polulla pashthoon aadipathyamulla pradeshangalum balochistan polulla baloch aadipathyamulla pradeshangalum afgaanisthaante bhaagamaakanamenn addeham aagrahichu. ennirunnaalum, pashthoonukalude punarekeekaranatthinulla addehathinte nayam afgaanisthaanil thamasikkunna taajikal, usbekkukal, hasaarakal thudangiya pashthoonukalallaathavare ethirthu. afgaanisthaanile pashthoonukalude janasamkhya vardhippikkuka ennathaanu pashthoonukal allaathavarude lakshyamenn pashthoonukal vishwasichirunnu. thalphalamaayi, pashthoon ithara afgaankaarkkidayil daudu khaan angeyattam janapreeti nediyirunnilla. 
davood khaan thante rashtreeya lakshyangal niravettunnathinaayi pashthoon janathayude punarekeekarana ashayam maathramaan upayogichathu" ennu baacha khaan prasthaavichu. 1960lum pinneedu 1961lum davood khaan paakkisthaanile khaibar pakhthunkhwayile bajaur jilla pidichedukkaan rund sramangal nadatthi. ennirunnaalum, afghan sainyam kanatha naashanashtangalumaayi parajayappettathinaal daudu khaante ellah sramangalum parajayappettu. niravadhi afghan sainikare paakistaan sainikar pidikoodukayum avare anthaaraashtra maadhyamangalkk munnil aninirathukayum cheythath daudu khaanu naanakkedundaakkukayum cheythu. daudu khaante pravartthanangalude anantharafalamaayi, afgaanisthaanumaayulla athirthi paakistaan adachu, ithu afgaanisthaanil saambathika prathisandhikku kaaranamaayi. daavoodinte svechaadhipathya bharanathinethiraaya thudarchayaaya neerasavum soviyatt unionumaayulla adutha bandhavum paakistaan earppeduthiya uparodham moolamundaaya saambathika maandyavum kaaranam davood khaane raaji vaykkaan sahir shhaa rajaavu nirbandhithanaakki. sahir shhaa raajaavinte bharanathin keezhil paakistaanum afgaanisthaanum thammilulla bandham mechappedukayum paakistaan afgaanisthaanumaayulla athirthi thurakkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, pinneedu 1973-ll, sainika attimariyiloode sahir shhaa rajaavil ninnu daudu khaan adikaaram pidichedukkukayum afgaanisthaante aadya presidentaayi svayam prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. adikaaram pidicheduttha sesham davood khaante sarkkar paakisthaanethire parokshayuddham aarambhichu. paakisthaanethire avarude pravartthanangal nadatthaan aaa theevravaadikale pariseelippikkukayum aayudangal nalkukayum cheyyuka enna lakshyathode davood khaante sarkkar kaaboolilum kaandahaarilum paakistaan virudha theevravaadikalkkaayi niravadhi pariseelana kyaambukal sthaapichu.
maruvashathu, mirzali khaanum anuyaayikalum gurvekkile avarude thaavalathil ninnu paakistaan sarkkaarinethire garilla yuddham thudarnnu. 1960ll afghan pradhaanamantri mohammed davood khaan afghan sainyathe mosham reethiyil nirnnayicha durand line kadannu paakistaan bajaur ejansiyilekku ayachu, mekhalayile sambhavangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinum pashthoonisthaan prashnam unnayikkunnathinum; afghan sainyathe paakistaan kramarahita seena paraajayappedutthiyathinu sesham eee padhathikal aathyanthikamayi nishfalamaayi. ardha-adhiniveshathe pinthunachukondu afghan sarkkar radio prakshepanangaliloode theevramaaya prachaarana yudhathil earppettu.
afghan sarkkaarinte pashthoon ithara athiraalikalaaya bhaavi mujahideen nethaakkalaaya gulbuddin hekmatyar, ahamed shhaa masood ennivare pinthunachukondu afghan sarkkaarinte pashtoonisthaan nayathinethire prathikarikkaan paakistaan sarkkar theerumaanichu. eee ooppareshan shradheyamaayi vijayakaramaayirunnu, 1977 aayappozhekkum daudu khaante afghan sarkkar deseeya awami party melulla nirodhanam neekkunnathinum pashthoonukalkulla pravishya svayambharanathodulla prathibaddhathaykkum pakaramaayi ellah prashnangalum pariharikkan thayyarayirunnu, ithu ithinakam paakisthaante bharanaghadana urappunalkiyenkilum oru yoonit padhathi avatharippichappol bhootto sarkkar athu eduthukalanju.
munbu pashthoonisthaanu vendi valareyadhikam parishramicha baacha khaan pinneedu 1980 ll oru indian pathrapravarthakanu nalkia abhimukhathil, "pashthoonisthaan enna ashayam orikkalum pashthoonukale sahayichitilla" ennu haaroon siddikhi paranju. vaasthavathil athu orikkalum yaadhaarthyamaayirunnilla ". thudarnnulla afghan sarkkarukal eee ashayam swantham rashtreeya lakshyangalkkayi upayogappeduthiyittunne addeham paranju. mohammed davood khaan bharanathinte avasaanathode maathramaan addeham pashthoonisthaanekkurichu samsaarikkunnath nirtthiyathu. pinneedu noor mohammed taraki polum pashthoonisthaan enna aashayathekkurichu samsaarikkukayum paakkisthaane prashnathilaakkukayum cheythu. ithellaam kaaranam pashthoon janatha valareyadhikam kashtappettu" ennum addeham paranju."
1976ll annathe afghan president sardar mohammed davood khaan paakkisthaanum afgaanisthaanum thammilulla anthaaraashtra athirthiyaayi durrand line amgeekarichu. paakkisthaanile islamabad audyogika sandarshanathinidayilaanu addeham eee prakhyapanam nadathiyathu.
afgaanisthaanil soviyatt-afghan yuddham pottippurappettathinnettathu pashthoon ithara janatha ulppede dasalakshakkanakkinu afghankar khaibar pakhthunkhvayilekku palayanam cheythu.
20-umm 21-umm noottaandukal.
panchaabikalkk sesham janasamkhyayude 16 sathamaanavum motham 30 dashalakshathiladhikam varunna randaamathe valia vamseeya vibhagamaanu paakkisthaanile pashthoonukal. eee samkhyayil khaibar pakhthunkhwayileyum vadakkan baluchistanileyum thaddesheeya pashto samsaarikkunna nivaasikal maathrame ulppedunnulloo, koodaathe eee rund pravisyakalileyum thaddesheeya samoohangalkkoppam panchaabilum sindhilum sthirathaamasamaakkiya pathaanmaarum ulppedunnilla. koodaathe, 17 laksham afghan abhayaarthikalil bhooribhaagavum pashthoonukalaanu. ennirunnaalum, eee abhayaarthikal varum varshangalil paakistaan vittu afgaanisthaanil sthirathaamasamaakkumennu prathekshikkunnu. moonnu paakistaan prasidantumaar pashthoon vamseeya vibhaagathil pettavaraayirunnu. paakistaan tehreek-iii-insaf (pidiai) nayikkunna paakistaan muun pradhaanamantri imran khaanum asfandayar vaaliyude neethrthwathilulla "awami naashanal party" sainyathilum raashtreeyathilum pradhana sthaanangal vahikkunnath pashthoonukal thudarunnu. ithinupurame, chila pashthoon maadyamangal, samgeetham, saamskaarika pravartthanangal enniva paakkisthaanil ninnu adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, avth khaibar paakkisthaanile oru pashtoo tivi chaanalaan. pakistan nagaramaya peshavaarine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu pashto sinima. pakkistani nagaramaya karachiyilaanu ettavum kooduthal pashthoonukal vasikkunnathenn vishwasikkappedunnu.
afgaanisthaanil 12 dashalakshathiladhikam pashthoonukalundu, ithu janasamkhyayude 42 sathamaanamaanu. afgaanisthaanile janasamkhyayude 60 sathamaanam vare vamseeya pashthoonukalaanennu mattu srothassukal parayunnu, ithu aaa raajyathe ettavum valia vamseeya vibhagamaanu. afgaanisthaante audyogika bhaashakalilonnaan pashtoo, afghan deseeyagaanam pashtoo bhashayilum pashthoon vasthradhaaranam afgaanisthaante deseeya vasthravumaan. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal, parambaraagatha pashthoonisthaan pradesham kramena vadakku amu nadiyilekku vyaapichu. ennirunnaalum, helmond nadiyude vadakku thamasikkunna mikka pashthoonukalum pashthuvin pakaram daari samsaarikkunnu.
afgaanisthaanile niravadhi pradhana sarkkar sthaanangal charitraparamaayi pashthoonukal vahichittundu. ennirunnaalum, afgaanisthaanile pashthoonukal afghan sayudha senayil pradhana sthaanangal vahikkunnilla, koodaathe afghan sayudha senayil pashthoonukal allaathavarude aadhipathyam thudarunnu.
afgaanisthaan talibanil bhooribhaagavum vamseeya pashthoonukalaanu, muun pashthoon nethaakkalaaya mullah mohammed omar, mohammed rabbani, jalaluddin hakhaani ennivarum undu. thaalibaante nilavile nethaakkalil abdul kabir, hibatullah akhunsaada, sirajuddin hakhaani thudangiya pashthoonukal ulppedunnu.
1709 muthal hotaki raajavamshathinte uyarchayum thudarnnu durrani afghan saamrajyam sthaapithamaayathum pashthoon adhikaarakendramaayi pravarthichathinte adisthaanathilaanu afgaanisthaan pashthoon pradeshangalkk mail avakaashavaadam unnayikkunnath. charitraparamaaya srothassukal anusarichu, eiii. dii. 800 nuu sesham eee pradesham islaamika adhinivesham nadakkunnathuvare afghan gothrangal peshawar thaazhvarayil prathyakshappettirunnilla.
pashthoon gothrangalude mail thangalude avakaashavaadathinte thelivaayi afghan sarkkar udharicha karaarukalil 1921 leeii anglo-afghan udambadiyude 11-aamm anuchedam ulppedunnu, athil ingane parayunnu "karar cheiyunna rund kakshikalum, parasparam samthrupthi praapikkukayum, parasparam nanmayekkurichum prathyekichu athath athirthikalkku sameepam thamasikkunna gothrangalodulla avarude dayaaparamaaya uddeshyangalekkurichum, atharam pravartthanangal aarambhikkunnathin munbu athath mekhalakalil thamasikkunna athirthi gothrangalkkidayil kramam nilanirthunnathinu aavasyamaayathaayi thonniyekkaavunna bhaaviyile eathenkilum sainika pravarthanangalekkurichu parasparam ariyikkaan ithinaal prathinjja cheiyunnu."1921leeii anglo-afghan udambadiyude anubandha kathil ingane parayunnu" "rund sarkkaarukaludeyum athirthi gothrangalude vyavasthakal afgaanisthaan sarkkaarin thaalpparyamullathaanu". ellah athirthi gothrangalodum britiish gavanment souhaarddaparamaaya vikarangal pularthunnuvennum avar indiayile janangalkkethiraya prakopanangalil ninnu vittunilkkukayaanenkil avarodu udaaramaayi perumaran ellah uddeshyavumundennum njaan ningale ariyikkunnu."
khaibar pakhthunkhwa.
irupathaam noottaandile pramukha pashtoonisthaan pravartthakarude vakthaakkalil khaan abdul vaali khaan, khaan abdul guffer khaan ennivar ulppedunnu. 1948ll pakistan bharanaghadanaa asambliyil guffer khaan prasthaavichathu, "panchab, sind, baluchistan enniva pole thante pravishyayude peru pashthoonisthaan ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyanamennu maathramaan, paakkisthaanile pravishyakalude perukal vamseeya-bhasha perukalaayi paraamarshikkappedunna mattoru peru afgaaniyayaanu, avide chaudari rahmat alii khaante sidhaanthathil" ippol allengil orikkalum "enna laghulekhayil paranjirikkunna aadya" eiii "ennathu" paakisthaanile randaamathe aksharathe "soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee peru pravisyayil rashtreeya pinthuna nedunnathil parajayappettu.
ennirunnaalum, vadakkupadinjaaran athirthi pravishyayude (enn. dablyu. eph. pii) peru pakhthunkhwa ennu maattunnathin ("pashthoonukalude pradesham" ennu vivarthanam cheiyunna) pinthuna undaayirunnu. nasim vaali khaan (khaan abdul vaali khaante bhaarya) oru abhimukhathil ingane prakhyaapichu "enikku oru vyakthithvam venam. paakisthaante bhoopadatthil pathaanukale thirichariyaan peru maattanamenn njaan aagrahikkunnu..."
2010 march 31nuu paakkisthaante bharanaghadanaa parishkarana samiti pravishyaykk khaibar-pakhthunkhwa ennu peridaanum amgeekarikkaanum sammathichu. ithu ippol muun enn. dablyu. eph. piyude audyogika peraanu.