aarsenikkinte allotropukal

kharaavasthayilulla arsenic chaaraniram, karupp, manja allotropukal enningane kaanapedunnu. eee vividha roopangal vaividhyamaarnna gadanaaparamaaya roopangal avatharippikkunnu, manja arsenic ettavum vishalamaaya prathipravartthanathe prapthamaakkunnu. prathyekichu, manja aarsenikkinte pradhana grouppumaayum parivartthana loha gadakangalumaayum ulla prathikaranam chithrashalabhangal, sandwich, realger-type moyittikal enniva ettavum pradhanamaayi avatharippikkunna vishalamaaya gadanaaparamaaya roopangalulla samyukthangalkk kaaranamaakunnu.
chaaraniratthilulla arsenic.
ooshmaavil moolakatthinte ettavum sthirathayulla allotropaanu gray arsenic allengil metaalik arsenic, athinaal athinte ettavum saadhaaranamaaya roopamaanithu. aarsenikkinte eee mriduvum pottunnathumaya allotropinu steel gray, metaalik niramundu, ithu oru nalla kandakdaraanu. eee allotropinte rombohedral roopam phoosphoorus allotrope black phosphorusinu samaanamaan. athinte α-roopathil, kasera sthireekaranangalile AS6 valayangal chrystalographic "c" achuthandinu lambamaayi kidakkunna paaykk cheytha paalikalaayi ghaneebhavippikkunnu. oro paaliykkum ullil, boond doorangal pole vaisinal 2.517 Â aanu, athesamayam boond doorangal pole lair-tuu-lair 3.120 Â aanu. mothatthilulla ghadana oru vikalamaaya octahedral jyamiti pradarshippikkunnu, athinte falamaayi eee alotroppinte valia loha gunangal undaakunnu. 616 digri selshyasil uthparivarthanathinu sesham, vathaka ghatta arsenic thanmaathrakalkk eee packing krameekaranam nashtappedukayum eee ghattathil ettavum kooduthal labhyamayathum 4 enna nilayil thanne aayalum 4 enna nilayil aayalum 4 enna nilayil aayalum 4 enna cheria koottangal roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. eee neeravi oru thanutha uparithalathil (<200 keey) vegathil ghaneebhavippikkukayaanenkil, rombohedral gray arsenic laattis roopeekarikkaan aavashyamaaya oorjjathinte abhavam moolam soolid manja arsenic (eiii. ezz. 4) undaakunnu. neremarichu, choodaakkiya uparithalathil arsenic neeravi ghaneebhavikkunnath amophus black arsenic srishtikkunnu. karutha aarsenikkinte kristalin roopavum verthirichedukkaam, koodaathe amophus roopathe loha chaaraniratthilulla arsenic roopathilekku madangaan aanil cheyyaam. velicham prayogikkunnathiloodeyo thanmatra ooshmaavilekku thirike nalkunnathiloodeyo manja arsenic eluppathil chaaraniratthilulla allotropylake thirike nalkaam.
prathikaranasheshi.
vaayuvil prathipravartthichu vaathakam 2o3 aayi roopappedunnuvenkilum, kuranja layaneeyata kaaranam chaaraniratthilulla arsenic ulppedunna thaarathamyena kurachu inn-sittu prathikaranangal report cheyyappettittund. parivartthana lohangalodulla chaaraniratthilulla aarsenikkinte prathipravartthanatthinte rund udaaharanagal ariyappedunnu. eee prathikaranangalil, molybdinum, tangsttan, chromium ennivayude cyclopentadianile complexukal kaarban monoxide nashtappedunnathiloode gray arsenikkumaayi prathipravartthikkukayum mono-, dii-, triorsenic samyukthangal roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. 
karutha arsenic.
karupp, allengil amophus arsenic (raasa soothravaakyam aasn) aadyam chaaraniratthilulla aarsenikkinte uthparivarthanathiloodeyum thudarnnu choodaaya uparithalathil ghaneebhavikkunnathiloodeyum samanvayippikkunnu. eee ghadana chuvanna phosphorasinte arsenic analogaanennu karuthappedunnu. karutha aarsenikkinte kristalin ghattatthile ghadana, athinte shudhamaaya roopathil samanvayippichittillengil, black phosphorusinu samaanamaan, koodaathe AS6 valayangalil ninnu nirmmicha oru orthorhombic ghadana edukkunnu. merkuri ulppedeyulla aattomik maalinyangalude saannidhyathil maathramaan black arsenic ithuvare samanvayippichittullathu.
phosphorus ooksijanum, karutha aarsenikkinte shudhamaaya roopamaanengilum chiliyile copiapo mekhalayil kandethi. chilian guhakalil kaanapedunna daathukkalude mechanical exfoliation, arsenolamprite, uyarnna inn-phase anisotropy ardhachaalaka vasthuvayi potensialumulla oru tanmatra ghadana velippeduthi.
manja arsenic.
thanutha uparithalathil arsenic neeravi vegathil ghaneebhavikkunnath manja arsenic (aas 4) roopappedaan kaaranamaakunnu, velutha phosphorusinu samanamaaya tetrahedral jyamithiyil krameekarichirikkunna naalu arsenic attangal adangiyirikkunnu. ariyappedunna aarsenikkinte layikkunna oreyoru roopamaanengilum, manja arsenic mettaastabil aannu muriyile thapanilayil allengil prakaashatthinte saannidhyathil, chaaraniratthilulla aarsenikkinte kuranja oorjja konfigareshan sweekarikkunnathinaayi ghadana vegathil vighadikkunnu. ekkaaranathaal, prakaashatthe karsanamaayi ozhivaakkunnathum-80 digri selshyasil thaazheyulla thaapanila paripalikkunnathum ulppede, prathikaranatthinu anuyojyamaaya oru avasthayil manja arsenic nilanirthaan vipulamaaya paricharanam aavasyamaanu. manja arsenic athinte layaneeyata (metaalik alotroppumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol kuranjathum ennaal thaarathamyena valuth), tanmatra swabhaavam enniva kaaranam prathipravartthana padanangalkku ettavum anuyojyamaaya allotropaanu. athinte bharam kuranja konjanaraaya phosphorousumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, aarsenikkinte prathipravartthanam thaarathamyena paryavekshanam cheyyappedaathathaanu. aarsenikkumaayulla prathikaranangal anweshikkunna gaveshanangal praadhamikamaayi pradhana groupinteyum parivartthana loha samyukthangaludeyum sajeevamakkalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu; parivartthana loha samuchayangalude kaaryatthil, aavarthanappattikayude dii-blokkiludaneelam eiii. ezz. 4 yogyamaaya prathipravartthanam prakadippichu.
pradhana group samyukthangalodulla prathipravartthanam.
manja arsenic upayogichu oru pradhana group samyukthathinte aadya sajeevamaakkal 1992 ll padinjaarum sahapravarthakarum report cheythu, arsenic aattangale bandhippikkunna chithrasalabha gadanaaparamaaya rooparekha ulppedeyulla samyukthangalude misritham srishtikkunnathinaayi disileen samyukthamaaya tetramosettildisilinu as 4-nte prathikaranam ulppedunnu. prathyekichu, eee prathikaranatthil labhikkuna uthppanna misritham chithrasalabha samyuktham maathram uthppaadippikkunna pii 4-maayi samanamaaya prathikaranatthil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, ithu manja arsenikkinteyum velutha phosphorasinteyum prathipravartthanathe samaanamaayi kanakkakkaan kazhiyillennu eduthukaanikkunnu. aadyathe oorgaano-pakaramaayi aas 4 samyuktham 2016 ll skier sahapravarthakarum sippett radikkalumaayulla prathikaranatthiloode nirmmichu. padinjaaran groupinu labhicha chithrasalabha samyukthathinu samaanamaayi, eee prathikaranatthil labhicha uthppannathil oru bridging aas 4 motif reversible aayi 4 umm prakaashathinteyo thaapatthinteyo saannidhyathil maathru radical avatharippichu. iruttil ooshmaavil sookshikkumbol sthirathayullathum ennaal taapa allengil photochemical laayanikaliloode eiii. ezz. 4 purathuvidunnathumaayathinaal eee swabhaavam sippett 2 eiii. ezz. 4 complexine manja arsenicinu savisheshamaayi anuyojyamaaya "sambharana" thanmathrayaakkunnu. 
manja aarsenikkumaayulla pradhana group samyukthangalude mattu prathikaranangalil naalil kooduthal attangalulla aarsenikkinte unitukal ulppedunnuvennu theliyikkappettittund. silileen samyukthavumayulla [phcc (enn "tii" buu) buu) (siim 3) 2] prathikaranatthil, ezhu amgangalulla arsenic valayam ulppede patthu arsenic aattangalude oru koottil samyuktham roopappedunnathinu aas 4 nte oru koottam nireekshikkappettu.
parivartthana loha samyukthangalodulla prathipravartthanam.
group 4 umm 5 umm lohangal.
aadyakaala (group 4,5) parivartthana loha moolakangalil, arsenic sajeevamaakkalinte chila udaaharanagal innuvare report cheyyappettittund. sirconiyathinte kaarban monoxide complexukal, derivatised cyclopentadianile ligaandukalulla saileen thilappikkumbol manja arsenikkumaayi prathipravartthichu qoo purathuvidukayum η1:1-faashanil aas 4 moyittiye bandhippikkukayum cheiyumennu kaanichu. eee padanatthil oru syrconium diamerinte alavu (eiii. yuu., η2:2:1-eiii. ezz. 5)-bhagam kondu bandhippichathaayum report cheyyappettittund, ithu complexukale eiii. ezz. 4 kaimattatthinu saadhyamaaya reactorukalaayi visheshippikkunnu. group 5-ll, arsenic aaktiveshan kooduthal vyaapakamaayi paryavekshanam cheyyappettittund, neobium, taantalam ennivayude samuchayangal ariyappedunnu. phoosphoorus/arsenic/neobium adangiya samvidaanathile electron saandrata topology anweshanam eee samuchayangalile savisheshamaaya η2-bonting konfigareshan pradharshippichu, athil arsenic-phoosphoorus eratta boond oru neobium kendravumaayi vashath bandhippikkunnu.
group 6 lohangal.
group 6 transition lohangalumaayulla manja aarsenikkinte prathikaranangal pradhaanamaayum chromium, molybdinum carbonyl complexukalile thermolytic kaarban monoxide nirmmaarjjanathiloodeyaanu munnott pogunnathu. manja aarsenikkumaayulla molybdinum, chromium dimerukal ennivayude prathikaranatthiloode triple decker complexukalude [(sii. pii. aarr. emm. oo) 2 (emm. yuu., emm. iii. 6-eiii. ezz. 6)] roopeekaranavum [[sii. pii. aarr. sii. aarr. 2 (emm. yuu., emm. iii. 5-eiii. ezz. 5)] roopeekaranavum sradheyamaaya udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. eee sradheyamaaya gadanakalil samanthara reethiyil krameekarichirikkunna moonnu planner-ringukal chromium complexinu anuyojyamaaya anuyojyamaaya pooyint groupinu kaaranamaakunnu. eee rund prathikaranangalkkum aas 4 sajeevamakkunnathinulla uyarnna thadassangal marikadakkaan sailin thilappikkal polulla kadinamaaya prathikarana saahacharyangal aavasyamaanu. neremarichu, loha kendratthil kooduthal sterik demanting ligaandukalude upayogam molybdinum, chromium ennivayumaayulla mithamaaya avasthakalil prathipravartthanangal prapthamaakkunnu. dinitrajanile enn-enn triple bondine vibhajikkunnathaayum ariyappedunna cummins moow (enn ("tii" buu) aarr) 3 kaattalist, manja arsenikkumaayi prathipravartthichu loha kendravumaayi triple boond cheytha oru terminal arsenic bhagam roopappeduthunnu-terminal arsenic aattam adangiyirikkunna niravadhi samyukthangalil onnu. mettal-mettal multiple bondukalulla complexukal laitt aas 4 aaktiveshan paaraameettar prapthamaakkunnu. kempe report cheytha chromium-chromium kvintupli-bonded speeshees manja arsenikkumaayi prathipravartthichu oru kireeda samuchayam roopappeduthunnu, athil naalu arsenic attangal ekadesham tetrahedral ghadana roopappeduthunnu, oro chromium aattavum moonnu arsenic aattangalumaayi bandhappedunnu.
group 8,9 lohangal.
8, 9 grouppukalile lohangal shaasthreeya saahithyathil rekhappeduthiyittulla manja aarsenikkumaayulla prathikaranatthinte ettavum vipulamaaya library avatharippikkunnu, irumbinteyum cobaltinteyum complexukalude prathikaranangalil prathyeka shradha kendreekarikkunnu. chromium, molybdinum sandwich complexukal pole, (sii. pii. aarr. eph. iii (qoo) 2) irumbinte 2 complexukal manja arsenikkumaayi prathipravartthichu "triple-decker" jyamiti ulkkollunna samana bimetalic uthppannangal nirmmikkunnu. eee reportukal oru pradhana intermediat, pentarsapherosene ([sii. pii. aarr. eph. iii (emm. yuu. 5-eiii. ezz. 5)]) yude verthirivinekkurichum vishadamaakkunnu. eee intermediat, ferrozene aayi isolobal, cyclopentadianile ligaandukalilonnine oru chaakrika as 5 ligand upayogichu maattisthaapikkunnu, athu 2.312 α (delocalised as-double bondukalkku anusrithamaayi) bondinte neelamaayi savisheshatha nalkunnu. bulkier ligandukal avatharippikkunnathiloode eee "sandwich roopappeduthunna" prathipravartthanam ardhapoorvvam tyoon cheyyaan kazhiyum. valare bulkier derivateevukal upayogichu cyclopentadianile grouppukale parishkkarikkunnath valare vyathyasthamaaya oru koottam uthppannangal uthpaadippikkunnu. aadyam, oru central eiii. ezz. 4 unitulla oru chithrasalabha samuchayam roopeekarikkunnu. prakashavumaayulla vikiranam kooduthal sahanirmmaarjjanathilekkum oru bridge cheytha chithrasalabha samuchayathinte roopeekaranathilekkum nayikkunnu, athu pinneedu oru central as 8 moyitti ulkkollunna oru savishesha samuchayamaayi punakramekarikkunnu. aupachaarikamaayi tetranionic aaya eee ligand, motham naalu irumbu aattangale bandhippikkunna ettu amgangalulla oru valayamaanu roopappeduthunnathu.
chithrashalabhangaludeyum sandwich samyukthangaludeyum roopeekaranam ulppedeyulla athe prathipravartthanatthinte bhooribhaagavum manja aarsenikkinte saannidhyathil cobalt komplexukalkkaayi vivarichittundu. eee samyukthangalkappuram, 1978 muthal cobaltinteyum manja arsenikkinteyum prathipravartthanatthinte charithram aarambikkunnu, sacony sahapravarthakarum 1,1,1-triss (diphenylphosphenomethyl) eedheyninte saannidhyathil cobalt tetrafluoroborate, manja arsenic ennivayude prathikaranam report cheythu. thathfalamaayundaakunna samuchayathil rund cobalt kendrangale bandhippikkunna oru chakrikamaaya chakrikamaaya bhagam undu, athil aadyathethu aupachaarikamaayi aupachaarikamaayi samvidaanamaayi niyogikkapettirikkunnu. manja aarsenikkumaayulla [sii. pii. * qoo (qoo)] 2 diamerinte prathikaranam sherer mattullavarum kaanichu. cyclobutain polullathum chithrasalabha tharam complexukalum ulppedeyulla arsenic moyittikale bandhippikkunna mishrithangal ulkkollunna vaividhyamaarnna verthirichedukkaavunna uthppannangal nirmmikkuka. rhodium komplaksukalumaayulla samana prathikaranangalum ariyappedunnu.
group 10,11 lohangal.
10, 11 gadakangalil, manja aarsenikkumaayulla saahitya prathikaranangalil nickel chembum ettavum pradhanamaayi kaanapedunnu. nikkal tetrafluoroborate lavanangal triphosinte saannidhyathil cobalt komplexukalumaayi samaanamaayi prathipravartthichu oru kendra chakrikamaaya ezz 3 moyitti ulla oru sandwich ghadana roopappeduthunnu. irumbu pole, nikkal cyclopentadianile carbonyl complexukalude eiii. ezz. 4-maayi ulla prathikaranam, eee samyukthangalude swabhaavavum jyaamitheeya ghadanayum irumbil nireekshikkunnathil ninnu vyathyasthamaanenkilum, hajarakunna ligandukalude valuppathe aashrayich vividatharam dvi, multy-metaalik uthppannangal nalkunnu. cheria sii. pii. ligandukal upayogikkumbol cuban gadanaaparamaaya krameekaranangalil bridging as 4, as 5 moyittikalulla trimerukalum bulkier sii. pii grouppukal avatharippikkumbol rund nikkal shakalangalum naalu arsenic aattangalum ulla valachodicha shadbhujaakrithiyilulla prism complexukalum ithil ulppedunnu.
chembu samuchayathinte [l2cu (ncme)] (l2 = [{n (c6h3 "i" pr 2-2,6) c (mi)} 2ch] manja aarsenikkumaayulla prathipravartthanam AS4-mishrita diamer [{l2cu} 2-(μ, η2:2-as4)] nalkunnu. swathanthravum bandhithavumaya arsenic thanmathrakal thammilulla boond critical pooyintukalile maattam nirnnayikkunna saandrata pravartthana sidhaantha kanakkukoottalukalude upayogathiloode eee samuchayathile naalu aattam arsenic bhagam "kedukoodaattha" manja arsenic aayi kanakkakkappettu. prathyekichum, chembu bandhippikkunnathil ulppedunna arsenic attangal thammilulla boond critical pooyintukalil oru cheria maattam maathrame nireekshikkappettitlu; bakkiyulla boond critical pooyintukal swatantra manja arsenicinu valare saamyamullathaayirunnu.

