
neppaalinulla videsha sahayam

neppaal videsha sahaayathe valareyadhikam aasrayikkunnu, daathaakkal neppaal vikasana foratthiloode vikasana sahaaya nayam ekopippikkunnu, athil amgangalil daathaakkal rajyangal, anthaaraashtra dhanakaarya sthaapanangal (locabank polullava), anthar-sarkkar samghadanakal (ikyaraashtrasabha polullava) enniva ulppedunnu. neppaalile ettavum valia ubhaykakshi sahaaya daathaavaanu jappan, lokabank eshyan vikasanabankum ettavum valia bahurashtra daathaakkalaanu. daaridrya nivaarana pravartthanangalile rashtreeya edapedalukalum azhimathiyum sahayangal upayogikkaanulla raajyathinte prakadamaaya mosham seshiyum moolam neppaalilulla aathmavishwaasam nashtappettathayi daathaakkal report cheythittundu. lokabaankinte kanakkukal prakaram audyogika vikasana sahayam 1960ll 8.2 dasalaksham dolaraayirunna 2003ll 36.9 dasalaksham dollarayum 2004ll 17.7 dasalaksham dollarayum vardhichu. neppaalinte dhanamanthraalayatthinte kanakkanusarichu 2003 saambathika varshathil (efvai) nalkia motham videsha sahayam 55.5 kodi dolaraayirunnu, athil 63.3 sathamaanam graantukalum 36.7 sathamaanam vaaypakalum aayirunnu. 2004 saambathika varshathil motham 320 dasalaksham us dollar videsha sahayam vaagdaanam cheythu, athil 37.7 sathamaanam graantukalum 62.3 sathamaanam vaaypakalum aayirunnu. 2004 juunil, sajeevamaaya locabank kredittukal motham 30.2 kodi dolaraayirunnu, athil ettavum kooduthal thuka dhanakaarya mekhalaykkum (91.5 kodi dollar) oorjjathinum khananathinum (75.6 kodi dollar) anuvadichu. 2012 avasaanathode lokabaankinte motham kudissikayaaya aii. dii. eiii. vaaypa 1.48 bilyan dolaraayirunnu.
pashchaathalam.
eshyayileyum pasafikkileyum sahakarana, saambathika, saamoohika vikasanathinayulla columbo padhathiyil chernna 1952 muthal neppaal videsha sahayam nediyittundu. 1951ll komanvelthu oof nations alpam vyathyasthamaaya peril eee padhathi sthaapichu. 1950kalil saankethika, professional mekhalakalile padanathinaayi vividha raajyangalilekku pookaanulla columbo padhathiyiloode niravadhi neppaalikalkku scholarshippukal labhichu.
aaa samayathum matellaa sahaayangalum graantukalude roopathilaayirunnu. krishi, gathagatha adisthaana soukaryangal, vaidyuthi uthppaadanam ennivayude vikasanathilekkaanu bhooribhaagam sahayavum nalkiyathu. ashayavinimayam, vyavasaayam, vidyaabhyaasam, aarogyam ennivayaayirunnu sahaayathinaayi lakshyamitta mattu mekhalakal. indiayum america oororutharum motham graantukalude moonnilonnil kooduthal utharavaadikalaayirunnu. iru raajyangalum neppaalilekku sahaaya dauthyangal sthaapikkukayum prathyeka padhathikalkku sahayam nalkukayum cheythu. 1950kalile mattu pradhana daathaakkal peeples republic oof chinayum soviyatt unionumaayirunnu. brittan, swittsarland, austreliya, jappan, nyoosiland ennivayum kuranja sahaaya paripaadikalil earppettirunnu. ikyaraashtrasabha (yuu. enn) chila saankethika sahayangal nalki.
1960kalude pakuthi vare, neppaal athinte ellah vikasana padhathikalkkum videsha graantukale aashrayichirunnu. eee graantukalil bhooribhaagavum ubhaykakshi adisthaanathilaayirunnu. neppaalilekku ettavum kooduthal sambhavana nalkunna rajyamaanu jappan. karnali eaka thoon paalam, puthiya buzz paarkk, tribhuvan yooniversitti teaching hospital (thuthu), melamchi kudivella padhathi, kurachu jalavaidyutha padhathikal, bii polulla haivekal.pii. koyraala highway kodeshwar-sooryabinaayaka extended road (12 kilometer) jappaante sahaayathode nirmmichu. kaathmanduvile vimaanathaavalam, koshi anakkett, biir ashupatri, trome sentar, tribhuvan haiway, sidhaartha haiway thudangiya haivekal, niravadhi jalasechana padhathikal enniva nirmmikkaan indiayil ninnulla graantukal sahayichu. sigaratt, panchasaara faaktarikal, oru jalavaidyutha nilayam, kizhakkan-padinjaaran haiveyude (neppaal) bhagam enniva nirmmikkaan soviyatt union sahayichu. chainayil ninnulla graantukal roadukal nirmmikkaan sahayichu; kaathmanduvil oru trolley buzz line; bii. aii. sii. sii, "rashtreeya sabhaa gruha", nyoo baneshwarile sivil ashupatri, chitwanile bharatpur cancer ashupatri, thukal, shhoo, ishtika, tyle faaktarikal. yunaittad stetts graantukal gramavikasanam, krishi, vidyaabhyaasam, pothujanaarogyam ennivaye pinthunachu. balaju vyavasaya mekhala nirmmikkanum niravadhi vyavasaayangalkk vaaypa nalkia neppaal vyavasaya vikasana korppareshan aarambhikkaanum america sahayichu.
1960kalude thudakkathil chila ubhaykakshi sahayangal vaaypakalude roopathilaayirunnu. videsha sahaayathinte vaipa vihitam 1965num 1970num idayil 4 sathamaanathil thaazhe aayirunnuvenkil, athu aii. dii. 1 kaalayalavil 25 sathamaanathiladhikam aayi uyarnnu.
1970kalil, vikasana aasoothranathil bahumukha sahaaya paripaadikal oru pradhana punk vahikkaan thudangi, vikasana aasoothranathinulla dhanasahaayathinte 70 sathamaanathiladhikam ithu vahikkunnu. 1980kalude avasaanathode, videsha sahaayathinte bhooribhaagavum bahurashtra sahaaya paripaadikalude roopathilaayirunnu. lokabaankinte anthaaraashtra vikasana samghadanayum eshyan vikasana bankum aayirunnu eee padhathikalkkulla vaaypayedukkalinteyo graantinteyo pradhana srothassukal. eee vaaypakalil bhooribhaagavum sophtt lonukal ennaanu visheshippikkappedunnathu.
videsha sahayathinte srothassukal niravadhiyaan. pathinonnu yuu. enn ejansikal, ezhu bahurashtra vaipa ejansikal (locabank polullava), ettu swakaarya ejansikal (udaaharanathinu, foord foundeshan) enniva sahaaya paripaadikalil pankedutthirunnu. kuranjathu pathinezh rajyangal ubhaykakshi sahayam vaagdaanam cheythu. lokabaankinte aabhimukhyathil 1976ll neppaal sahaaya samgham roopeekarikkappettu. 1987 aayappozhekkum pathinaar raajyangalum aarr anthaaraashtra ejansikalum eee groupil pankedutthu. neppaal sahaaya samghathinte prathibaddhathayude thoth aii. dii. 3ll aii. dii. 1 bilyan muthal aii. dii. 4ll aii. dii. 2 bilyan vare uyarnnu. 1976nuu sheshamulla videsha sahaaya sambhaavanakalude bhooribhaagavum eee samghathil ninnaan.
mikka saambathika vikasana padhathikalkkum videsha sahaayathodeyaanu elavu vyavasthakalil dhanasahayam nalkiyathu. 1980kalude madhyam muthal avasaanam vare, rekhappeduthappetta sahaaya vitharanam prathivarsham sharashari 200 dasalaksham dollariladhikam aayirunnu-gdpyude ekadesham 7 sathamaanam. 70 sathamaanathiladhikam sahayavum graant roopathilum backie elavu vaaypa roopathilumaayirunnu. saankethika sahayathinteyum nerittulla sahayathinteyum uyarnna sathamaanam rekhappeduthiyirunnil. anuvadicha sahaayathinte bhooribhaagavum upayogashoonyamaayirunnu.
1991 aayappozhekkum padhathi sahayam, charakk sahayam, saankethika sahayam, padhathi sahayam ennivayude roopathil neppaalinu baahya sahayam labhikkunnundaayirunnu. jalasechana padhathikal, jalavaidyutha nilayangal, roadukal ennivaykku padhathi dhanasahayam nalkunnu. valangal, mechappetta vithukal, daathaakkalude sahaaya ejansikal nalkunna nirmmaana saamagrikal enniva charakk sahaaya lakshyangalil ulppedunnu. saankethika mekhalakalil gaveshanam nadatthaan thaddesheeya udyogasthare parisheelippikkunnathil sarkkaarine upadesikkunnathinaayi vidagtharude sevanangal saankethika sahaayathil ulppeduthukayum vidagdha thozhilaallikalude vikasanathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheythu. vividha padhathikale, prathyekichu kaarshika, aarogya mekhalakale, paripaadikalude sahayam pinthunachu.
videsha sahaayathe aashrayikkunnath vardhichukondirunnu. 1984num 1987num idayil jii. enn. pii. yude shathamaanamenna nilayil videsha sahayam 8 sathamaanathil ninnu ekadesham 13 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. gdpyude shathamaanamenna nilayil kadam sevanam 1974-75 ll 0.1 sathamaanathil thaazhe ninnu 1987-88 ll ekadesham 1 shathamaanamaayi uyarnnu. eee kaalayalavil kudissikayulla kadam 346 dashalakshathil ninnu ekadesham 21 bilyan roopayaayi uyarnnu.
1970 muthal 1988 vare, yunaittad stetts export-import baank fandukal ulppedeyulla yunaittad stetts prathibaddhathakal motham 28.5 kodi dolaraayirunnu. 1980kalil, anthaaraashtra vikasanathinaayi ejansi vazhi nayikkappedunna ubhaykakshi yunaittad stetts saambathika sahayam prathivarsham sharashari 15 dasalaksham dolaraayirunnu. 1980kalil 250 dasalaksham dollariladhikam bahurashtra sahaayathin neppaaline sevicha vividha anthaaraashtra sthaapanangalkkum swakaarya sannadha samghadanakalkkum america sambhavana nalki. mattu paashchaathya raajyangalum audyogika vikasana sahayavum aii. dii. 1 kaalayalavile ubhaykakshi prathibaddhathakalum motham 18 laksham kodi dolaraanu. 1979 muthal 1989 vare petroleum kayattumathi cheiyunna raajyangalude samghadana (opeku) njangalkk 30 dasalaksham dollar ubhaykakshi sahayam nalki. 1970 muthal 1988 vare communist rajyangal 27.3 dasalaksham dollar sahayam nalki. 1981 muthal 1988 vare, neppaalinulla ubhaykakshi oodiyude pradhana uravidamaayirunnu jappan, ithu motham fundinte moonnilonnil kooduthalaanu. aaa kaalaghattatthile randaamathe valia daataav federal republic oof jarmmaniyaayirunnu (padinjaaran jarmmani).
itharamaarggangal.
vyakthigathavum saambathikamaayi susthiravum kooduthal aabhyanthara samrambhangaliloodeyum vikasana prasnangal pariharikkan sramikkunna saamoohika samrambhakarude ennam vardhichuvarikayaanu. aadyathe saamoohika samrambhakathva award 2011 (veendum 2012) aaa maattamundaakkunnavare chuttipattiyulla oru cheria ennaal sthiramaaya chalanavum aavaasavyavasthayum undu. oru samghadana-hiden travels neppaal-aaa saamoohika samrambhakare prolsaahippikkaanum athe samayam pankedukkunnavare prachodippikkaanum prachodippikkaanum sahayikkunna feeld sandarshanangaliloodeyum networking evantukaliloodeyum avaril ninnu padikkaan mattullavare sahayikkaanum shramikkunnu.

