
brageth 693

randaam lokamahaayudhathil franch vyomasena upayogicha laitt twin enchin graundu attaakk vimaanangalude oru parambarayaayirunnu brugget 690 umm athinte derivetteevukalum.
paripalikkaan eluppavum parakkaan shamikkaavunnathum 4,000 meter (13,120 adii) vegathayil manikkooril 480 kilometer (300 mile) vegatha kaivarikkanum vimaanathin uddeshichullathaayirunnu. eee tharatthinte karuthutta nirmmaanam pathivayi pradarshippikkukayum aayudangal falapradamaakukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, brittanil rund varshathinusesham franch punaraashasthreekaranam aarambhichu, 1940 ll eee vimanangalonnum vendathra labhyamayilla.
roopakalppanayum vikasanavum.
aathyanthika vijayiyaya pottes 630-nte athe thanthraparamaaya yudhavimaana savisheshathakalodu bragettinte prathikaranamaayi 1934-ll 690-nuu jeevan aarambhichu. randum samakaalika roopakalppanayudeyum prakadanatthinteyum hispano-suisa 14ebi radial enchinukalaal pravartthikkunna eratta teyilpleyinukalulla eratta enchin monoplayinukalaayirunnu. eratta enchin, moonnu aalukalulla vimanam 3,000 kilogram/6,600 poundu (pinneedu 3,500 kilogram/7,700 poundu) ll kooduthal bharam kuranjathaayirikkanamenna prathyekathakalude bharam paridhi amithamaayi niyanthrikkunnathaayum avaa avaganikkunnathaayum brugget kanakkakki. pakaram, ghadanayil mattangalonnum aavashyamillaatha rahasyaanveshana, graundu attaakk, level bombing derivateevukal enniva nirddeshichukondu roopakalppana prathyekichum vaividyamaarnnathaayi parasyam cheyyappettu. athisayakaramennu parayatte, bregute malsarathil potasinode parajayappettu, pakshe 690-kalude saadhyathakalil aathmavishwaasam undaayirunnuvenkilum swantham fundle oru prototype nirmmikkaan thudangi.
1930 kalude thudakkathil dive bombarukalumaayulla videsha sambhavavikaasangalekkurich ariyichirunnuvenkilum, 1937 nuu munbu franch vyomasena aadhunika graundu attaakk vimanangal vaangaan theerumaanichirunnilla. ekadesham oru varshatholam enchinillaatha, 690-01 prototype oduvil 1938 march 23 nuu parannu, koodaathe brugget 691 abb 2 ennariyappedunna 100 rund seettukalulla attaakk bomber pathippukal 1938 juunil oordar cheythathayi vaagdaanam cheythu, ithu oduvil erattiyaayi. nilathuninnulla akramanathinaayi, 691-nte upakaranagalil 20 emm peerankiyum 7.5 emm (. 295 inch) mesheen gannukalum, aazham kuranja dive aakramanathil upayogikkaan kazhiyunna oru aantharika bomb rack, saadhaaranayaayi ettu 50 kilogram (110 poundu) bombukal nirachathum ulppedunnu. pinn prathirodham nalkiyathu oru flexible 7.5 emm (. 295 inch) mesheen gann upayogichaanu, athesamayam thaazhnna parakkunna poraalikaleyo pinnil ninnu graundu fayarineo niruthsaahappeduthunnathi fuselageinu keezhil athe tharatthilulla sthiravum pinbhaagathekku vediyuthirkkunnathumaaya ayudham gadippichirunnu. oru koottam kavacham plettukal jeevanakkaare samrakshichu, indhana tankukalkku praadhamika svayam sealing sheshiyundaayirunnu, ennaal eee samrakshanam pooraattatthil aparyaapthamaanennu thelinju.
uthppaadanam.
brugget sradheyamaaya vegathayil oru assembly line sthaapichu aadyathe ulppaadana vimanam oordar cheyth oru varshathinullil parannu, 1939 avasaanathinu munbu sevanathilaayirunnu. pottes 630 pole, brey 691 enchin budhimuttukalaal chuttappettirunnu. hispano-suiza athinte vii12 liqvid-cooled enchinukalil shradha kendreekarikkaan theerumaanichirunnu, 14ebi enchin vishwasaneeyamalla. brugget 691-nte uthppaadanam 100-nuu pakaram 78 vimanangalaayi parimithappedutthaan franch adhikaarikal theerumaanichu. pakaram, gnome-roonn 14 meter radialukal nalkunna brey 693 enna mattoru pathippin oordarukal nalki. alpam cheria vyaasamulla marria enchinukalkku purame, rund tharangalum phalatthil samanamaayirunnu. brey 691-nulla oordarukal puthiya tharatthilekku maattukayum fraansinte paraajayasamayathu 120-ladhikam oordarukal poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. brey 693-nte avasaanathe ulppaadana pathippukal propulsive exhost paippukal avatharippichu, athu topp speed oru cheria marjin mechappeduthi, chila srothassukal anusarichu, oro enchin nasselleyudeyum pinbhaagathu oru jodi adhika mesheen gannukal. beljiyam 32 licenses nirmmitha pakarppukal oordar cheythenkilum beljian thakarchaykku munbu avayonnum poorthiyaayittilla. 1938 muthalulla theevramaaya aavasyangal niravettunnathil franch enchin nirmmaathaakkalkk airframe nirmmaathaakkalekkaal valia budhimuttukal undaayirunnu, 1939 ll franch sarkkar ellah yudhavimaanangalum britiish, us enchinukalkku anuyojyamaakkanamenn theerumaanichu. 250ll thaazhe brugget 690 seerees vimanangal poortthiyaayi. armi dii ell ayarinu" 211 udaaharanagal maathrame labhichulloo 78 bre.691s, 124 bre.693s, onpathu bre.695s ennaal jarmmankaar faaktarikalil niravadhi poornnamo eathaandu poornnamo aaya vimanangal pidichedutthu.
pravartthana charithram.
1937 muthal oru cheria pareekshana yoonit graundu attaakk thanthrangal pareekshichukondirunnu, thudakkathil pottes 25 polulla kaalaharanapetta biplayinukalilum pinneedu anf less murox 115 monoplayinukalilum. oduvil, yudhakkalathil shatru vaahanangaleyum peerankikaleyum aakramikkunnathin dive bombinginekkaal thaazhnna uyarathilulla bombing kooduthal anuyojyamaanennu "armi dii ell eyar" nigamanam cheythu. thiranjeduttha thanthrathil paramavadhi vegathayil bhoomiyude urakka sameepanam, thudarnnu oru straffing rann allengil samayam vaikunna bombukal lakshyathin mukaliloode nerittu athikkuka enniva ulppedunnu. franch commandermar eee thanthrathe aakramanakaarikalkk surakshithamaayi parakke kanakkakki, kaaranam vimana virudha aayudangal appol sevanathilundaayirunnathil athu kaaryakshamamalla. franch sainyam aaa samayat vimana virudha ottokannanukal upayogichirunnilla (25 emm hotchkis, 20 emm oorlikkoon peerankikal enniva pinneedu maathramaan purappeduvichathu), pakaram raifil-caliber mesheen gannukaleyum slow-firing 75 emm (2.95 inch) thokkukaleyum aashrayichu.
1939 avasaanathode, level bomber yoonittukalil ninnu sthalammaattam cheyyappetta rund schwadronukal vinoon-sarr-verdon sameepamulla cheria airfieldil othukoodi, avide avar avarude pravartthana pariseelanam aarambhichu. brugget 691 vimanangal ithuvare labhyamallathathinaal, jeevanakkar pottes 633 laitt bomber paratthi. oduvil avaa vitharanam cheythappol, bragettukal avarude crewill janapriyamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum 691 leeii vishwasaneeyamallaatha enchinukal vimaanangalude labhyatha nirakkine baadhichu, andarkarej parajayangal prathyekichum prashnakaramaanennu thelinju. 1940 maarchil maathramaan aadyathe poratta yogyathayulla braine. 693 vimanangal vitharanam cheythu, ippol sajjamakkaan anchu schwadronukal undaayirunnu gba aii/51, gba II/51, gba aii/54, gba II/54, gba II/35 (gba ennaal "group dii bombardment dii 'assaat"-attaalt bomber schwadron), 13 vimaanangalude saidhaanthika poorakam.
eee vaikia delivari kaaranam, jarmmankaar aakramikkumbol kroo avarude puthiya yanthrangal vikasippikkukayum thanthrangal vikasippikkukayum cheiyukayaayirunnu. meyy 12 nuu, jibas aii/54 umm II/54 umm leej-tonkeren-mastrict pradeshathu jarmman motorised nirakalkkethire bragettinte aadyathe pravartthana parakkal nadatthi. jarmman vimana virudha theepiduttham valare vinaashakaramaayirunnu, pathinettil ettu perr maathramaan thirichethiyathu.
eee aadya ettumuttalinte vinashakaramaaya phalangal franch commandermaare avarude thanthrangal punaparisodhikkaan nirbandhitharaakki. meyy 15 vare, jii. bii. eiii. kroo uyarnna uyarathil ninnu aazhamillaatha dive akramanangal nadatthi, ithu nashtam kuraykkaan kaaranamaayi, ennaal bregettinu bomb kaazhchayillaathathinaal akramanangal krithyathayillaathathaayirunnu. thudarnnulla dauthyangalil, jibaakal thaazhnna thalatthilulla akramanangal veendum avatharippichu, pakshe cheria roopeekaranangalode. franch, sakhyasenakalude sthaanam kramanugathamaayi kooduthal niraashaajanakamaayitheernnatho, aakramana samghangal divasena earppettukondirunnu, vimana virudha vedivayppil nashtam sahichukondirikkum jarmman poraalikalkku kooduthal nashtam sambhavikkukayum cheythu.
juun avasaanathode, "armi dii ell eyar" jarmman paridhiyil ninnu vadakke aafrikkayilekku aadhunika vimanam ozhippikkaan shramichu, avide ninnu palarum poraattam thudarumennu pratheekshichu. ennirunnaalum, hraswadura bregettukalkku medittareniyan kadakkaan kazhiyumennu kanakkakkappettilla. mattu aadhunika franch tharangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, brugget 690 kudumbam yudhaviraamathode avarude poratta jeevitam avasaanippichu.
eee samayamaayappozhekkum 104 vimanangal nashtappedukayum 1940 novemberil 14 ennam koodi ezhuthithallappedukayum cheythu (ivayil bhooribhaagavum yudhasamayathu nasippikkappedukayo kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayo cheythu). armi dii ayrinu kaimaria 205 bragattukalil 58 sathamaanavum nashtappettu. anchu jibaasukal ekadesham 50 sathamaanam kroo apakadanirakku nilanirtthi.
yudhaviraamathinushesham, fraansinte pradhana bhoopradeshathu oru cheria vyomasena nilanirthaan vichi adhikaarikalkk anuvaadam nalkukayum athinte aakramana bomber pailattumaar bre.693, bre.695 ennivayil apoorva pariseelana vimanangal paratthukayum cheythu. 1942 avasaanathode jarmmankaar france muzhuvan kaivashappedutthiya sesham, itaaliyan adhinivesha mekhalayil sthithicheyyunna athijeevichavaril chilare italiyilekku maatti. ennaal, avarkk avide oru prayojanavum labhichilla. neremarichu, vedinirthalinu sesham poortthiyaakaattha niravadhi vimanangal poortthiyaakkaan jarmmankaar utharavittu. ivaye noothana pariseelakar aayi upayogichirunnu.
oopparettarmaar.
.: luftwaf