gyaas pard mermiload

roman catholica sabhayile oru swis kardinaalaayirunnu gaspard mermiload (22 septambar 1824-23 februvari 1892). jeneevayile kaalvinist kantanumaayi deerghakaala nikshepa samgharsham undaayirunnittum, 1883 muthal 1891 vare addeham lossan, jeneeva ennivayude bishappayi sevanamanushtichu, munbu hebroninte naamamaatra bishappayi sevanamanushtichu. 1890ll addehathe kardinaalaayi niyamichu.
lioo pathinaaraamante encyclical "rerum novaaram"-nuu adithara paakunnathin sahaayicha catholica saamoohika adhyaapanathinu addeham valia sambhavanakal nalki.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1824 septambar septambar swittsarlandile karojil gaspard mermilload janichu. ayal gramamaaya bardonexile karshaka kudumbangalil janicha jackwus mermiloadinteyum mermiload (nee megard) mermiloadinteyum aarr makkalil moothayaalaayirunnu addeham. avante maathaapithaakkal oru sathravum bakery nadathiyirunnu. fraansile chamberiyile seyint-luis duu montinte (1837-1841) cheria seminariyil pankeduttha gaspard swittsarlandile freebergile jesuit koleju seyint-mishelil (1841-1847) thathwachinthayum daivashaasthravum padichu.
pourohithyam.
1847 juunil, gaspard pourohithyathilekku niyamikkappedukayum janeevayil curettaayi niyamikkappedukayum avide addeham rund aanukaalikangal sthaapikkukayum cheythu "ell obsarvettar catholic", "less annales catholic". 1857ll addeham oru edavaka purohitan athe samayam jineeva kantonile lossan bishappinte vikkar generalum aayi. 1851 muthal 1859 vare addeham nirmmichathaanu jineevayile notredam palli.
episcopal currier (catholica sabha).
losaniyudeyum jeneevayudeyum sahaaya bishop.
1864 septambar 22 nuu paayas onpathaam marpappa gaspardine lossan, jeneeva roopathayude sahaaya bishopa hebroninte naamamaatra bishopa niyamichu. 1864 septambar 25 nuu addehathinu episcopal prathishta labhichu. addeham catholica vidyaabhyaasathinaayi prathyekichum sajeevamaayirunnu, anugraheeta frey. luis brisson sent leone eviyattum sent oof oolbettu sistezhs. jolie cheiyunna pavapetta penkuttikalude samrakshanathinaayi troisile francis dii sails. 1868 october october leonic thante muun boarding school koottaalikalil oraalodoppam bishop mermiloadil ninnu eee puthiya sabhayude seelam labhichu.
1873-ll losanileyum geneevayileyum bishop ettiyen maarilli, jeneevayile kaalvinist kantonile zee oof jeneeva enna padavi upekshichu. aaa nadapadiyiloode, vishudha zee, payas Ix, bishop gaspardine jeneevayude vikar-apostalikkaayi niyamichu, angane jeneevayude kantonine audyogikamaayi lossan, jeneeva roopathayil ninnu verpeduthi maarppaappayude adhikaarathinu nerittu keezhilaakki. ithu stettu kaunsil oof jeneevayo swis federal kaunsiloo amgeekarikkaathathinaal, bishop gaspardine oru episcopal pravartthanangalum nadatthaan vilakkukayum 1873 februvari 17 leeii utharaviloode swittsarlandil ninnu naadukadatthukayum cheythu. thudarnnu aduthulla franch pattanamaya ferniyil naadukadatthappettathil ninnu thante pravartthanangal nirvahikkaan addeham shramichu. hollie zee addehathinte naadukadatthaline apalapichathinu sesham, 1873 desember 12 nuu sarkkar maarppaappayaaya nunsiyo purathaakki.
1879-ll bishop maarilli thante lusanne roopathayil ninnu raajivachu, freebergile seminariyile provostaaya monsigner christophore kosandi lusanne, jeneeva ennivayude punarekeekritha roopathayilekku bishappayi thiranjedukkappettu, athesamayam puthuthayi thiranjedukkappetta lioo pathinaraman marpappa jeneevayude vikaarit apostholikane avasaanippichu. samaadhaanathode, jeneeva kantoon mermilodinethiraaya utharavu pinvalichu.
losanileyum geneevayileyum bishop.
1882 octoberil bishop kosandeyude maranashesham, gyaas pard swittsarlandilekku madangukayum 1883 march 15 nuu losaniyudeyum jeneevayudeyum bishappayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. jeneevayude kantoon addehathe bishappayi amgeekarikkaan visammathichathinal samgharsham avasaanichilla. 1890 juun juun lioo XIII gaspardine "saandi nero eddu achilio" yude kardinal-purohithanaayi uyarthiyappol maathramaan saadhaarana bandhangal punaraarambhichathu.
sabhayude saamoohika sidhaanthathinu bishop gaspard valia sambhavanakal nalki. thante suhruthu rene dii laa touur duu pinn prothsaahippicha addeham akkaalathe saamoohika katholikkamathathile ettavum valia perukalil chilath ulppedunna federg union sthaapichu (swisa gaspard decartins; franch rene dii laa touur duu pinn, albert dii muun, luis milsent, henry lorin; austriyan kaal voonn vogelsang, gustaavu blom; jarmman france cufestein). saamoohika chodyathe" kurichulla avarude pravartthanangal lioo XIII, "rerum novaaram" enna vijnjaanakoshathinte aditharayaanu.
viramikalum maranavum.
1891 maarchil, kardinal mermiload lossan, jeneeva roopathayude idaya sarkkar raajivachu, monsigner josaf deruvaasinu addehathinte pingamiyaayi sthaanam labhichu. eee rajikk sesham addeham romilek thamasam maari, avide oduvil 1892 februvari 23 nuu addeham marichu. addehathe ezz. ezz. palliyil vishramichu. visenso eddu anaestasio oru trevi, romile campo verrano semitheriyile carthusian chappalil samskarichu. addehathinte mrithadeham oduvil 1926-ll karojile sent croxinte edavaka palliyilekku maatti. kaarooj pattanatthile oru theruvinu addehathinte bahumaanaartham peru nalki.
jolie cheiyunnu.
addehathinte "letress eiii yun protestant surr ell ottoritte dii ell eglis ettu leeii skissme" (paarees, 1860) valia mathipp srishtichu. mattoru pradhana kruthi addehathinte "dii laa vii sarnecharal dance less amez" (leons, 1865; paarees, 1881) aayirunnu. addehathinte shekharicha kruthikal grospellier (paarees, 1893) moonnu vaalyangalayi edittu cheythu.

