
maattsume vamsham

asuchi-momoyama kaalaghattam muthal meiji punasthaapanam vare innathe maattsume, hokkayidoyile maattsume domainile diameo ayirunna oru japanese prabhukkakudumbamaayirunnu ithu. 1590-ll toyotomi hydeoshi avarkk oru march feefaayi domaine nalkukayum athine prathirodhikkanum vadakku ainu "barbariyanmaaril" ninnu jappan muzhuvan samrakshikkanum chumathalappeduthukayum cheythu. russiayumaayi eathenkilum vidhathil charcha nadatthiya aadya japanese avaraanu. meiji punasthaapanathetthudarnnu kudumbatthe viscant aayi niyamichu.
charithram.
yadhaarthathil kakkeesakki vamsham ennariyappettirunna eee vamsham shimokita upadveepile kakkeesakki, kavauchi, muttsu ennividangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiyirunnu. vakasa pravishyayile takeda vamshathil ninnulla vamshajarennu avakaashappedunna eee kudumbam pinneedu maattsume enna peru sweekarichu.
innathe maattsumey, hockydoic chuttumulla pradesham, maattsume domainaayi maarunna pradesham, 1590 ll toyotomi hydeoshi oru march feefaayi avarkk nalki. athine prathirodhikkunnathinum vadakku ainu "anaachaarikalil" ninnu jappan muzhuvan vipuleekarikkunnathinum avarkk mail kuttam chumatthi. raajyathe prathirodhikkunathinulla avarude sevanathinu pakaramaayi, maattsumeye kappam nalkikkond shogunettinu arrie nalkunnathil ninnum "sankin-kottaay" sanbradaayathil ninnum ozhivaakki, athin keezhil mikka "diamyos" (edo kaalaghattatthile fudal loards oof jappan) varshathinte pakuthi edoyil chelavazhikkendivannu, athesamayam avarude kudumbangal varsham muzhuvan edoyil chelavazhikkukayum kalapam thadayunnathinaayi bandikalaakkukayum cheythu.
1868-leeii meiji punasthaapanathetthudarnnu, puthiya "kasoku" peerejil kudumbatthe viscant aayi niyamichu.
ainu, russia ennivayumaayulla bandham.
avarude sthaanavum athirthi prathirodhakarenna nilayilulla avarude pankum kaaranam, russiayumaayi eathenkilum vidhathil charcha nadatthiya aadyathe japanese maatsumaayirunnu. japanese pradeshathinullil russiakkaare kandumuttya aadya japanese aayirikkam avar. 1778-ll, paaval lebedev-lastochkin enna yaakutskil ninnulla oru vyaapaari oru cheria paryaveshanavumaayi hokaidoyilethi. addeham sammanangal vaagdaanam cheyyukayum maryaadayode vyapaaram nadatthaan aavasyappedukayum cheythu. shoganinu vendi vyapaaram nadatthaan thanikk adhikaaramillenn vishadeekarikkaan maattsume udyogasthan sramikkukayum adutha varsham russiakkaar thirike varanamennu nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. adutha septambaril russiakkaar athu thanne cheythu. chila vivaranagal anusarichu, paranjathum vyapaaram cheiyumennu pratheekshichathum avar thettayi vyaakhyaanichu. pakaram avarude sammanangal avarkk thirike nalkukayum dveepilekku madangaan avare vilakkukayum jappaante swantham dveepukalude thekke attathulla nagasaki thuramukhathu maathrame videsha vyapaaram anuvadikkaavoo ennu avarodu upadeshikkukayum cheythu.
1779ll hokkaidoyil oru valia bhookambam undaakukayum naalppathirandu adii uyaramulla sunami russian kappaline kadalil ninnu uyarthukayum call mile ulnaadan theerathu nikshepikkukayum cheythu. vyaapaariyaaya lebedev pinneedu hokkaido upekshichu.
maattsume vamshathinte kottaykku hokkaidoyile ainuvumayi vipulamaaya bandhamundaayirunnu, koodaathe dveepile ainu samoohangalumaayi vyapaaram nadatthaanum avide japanese thaalpparyangalude suraksha urappakkaanum prathyeka avakashamundaayirunnu. maatsumeyum ainuvum thammilulla bandham chilappol sathrutha niranjathaayirunnu, ithu avarude shakti eee mekhalayil samboornnamallennu theliyikkunnu. 1669ll, athiraalikalaaya ainu vamshangal thammilulla vibhavangalkkayulla poraattam eee pradeshathe maattsume niyanthranathinethiraaya kalaapamaayi maari. 1672ll shakushininte kalapam oduvil adichamarthappedunnathu athu neenduninnu. 1789leeii menashi-kunashir kalapamaayirunnu avasaanathe gurutharamaaya ainu kalapam.
1790-ll, vadakkan athirthikalum ainuvum niyantrikkaan maatsumekalkku kazhiyumennu japanese janathayodu theliyikkunnathinayi kakisaki hakkyo ainu medhaavikalude chhaayaachithrangalude oru parambarayaaya "issuretsuso" varachu. 1791ll iotoyil ainu thalavanmaarude 12 paintingukal pradharshippichirunnu.
ekadesham athe samayat, 1789-ll, russian akkadami oof sciencesile finnish professoraaya eric laxman irkutskil niravadhi japanese kaastavekal kandu. avarkk munbulla mattu niravadhi japanese pouranmaareppole, avare alasca theerathulla aleusiansil russian naavikar kandethukayum jappanilekku thirike konduvaraan aavasyappedukayum cheythirunnu. avarkk munbullavareppole, eee kaastavekal cyberiayiloode sent. peettezhsburg. avarude duravasthaye jappaante udghaadanathinaayi pravarthikkaanulla avasaramaayi lakshman kaanukayum ithu catherine dhii grettinodu nirddeshikkukayum avar sammathikkukayum cheythu. 1791-ll avar professorude makane niyamichu. aadam lakshman, eee kaastavekal jappanilekku thirike nalkunnathinum oru vyapara karaarinulla charchakal aarambikkunnathinum oru yaathraykk utharaviduka.
1792 octoberil paryaveshanam hokaidoyilethukayum jappankare athbhuthakaramaayi aathidhyamarulunnathaayi kandethukayum cheythu. russiacarkku shaithyakaalam chelavazhikkaan anuvaadam nalkukayum avarekkurichulla rekhakal edoile "bakufuvilekku" ayaykkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, professor lakshman kaasttavekale edoilek konduvaraan nirbandhichu, shoganinte aagrahathin virudhamaayi thaan avide thanne kappal kayarumennu paranju. russiakkaar karamargam maattsume pattanatthilekku pokanamennu abhyarthichu "bakufu" maatsumeyilekku oru prathinidhiye ayachu. oru kenii manassilakkiya russiakkaar athu nirasikkukayum oduvil oru japanese kappal akambadiyode hacodatil thuramukham nirmmikkaan avare anuvadikkukayum cheythu. maatsuma kottaykku sameepam avarkk oru athidhi bhavanam nalkukayum asaadhaaranamaayi, avarude swantham achaarangal nilanirthaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu avar avarude kristhumathatthe nishedhikkukayo, avarude boottukal akathu ninnu neekkam cheiyukayo, shoganinte doothanmaare vanangukayo cheythilla. japanese doothanmaar avarkk moonnu vaalukalum nooru bagg ariyum nalkiyengilum shoganinte niyamangal maattaanaavaathathaayi thudarukayaanennum avare ariyichu videshikalkk nagasaakkiyil maathrame vyapaaram nadatthaan kazhiyoo, avar niraayudharaayi vannal maathram. matellaa kappalukalum pidichedukkappedum. kaastavekal thirike nalkunnathinulla uddeshyangal kaaranam, eee saahacharyathil lakshmanin mapp nalkiyengilum vyaapaarathinaayulla thante abhyarthanaykku utharam nalki enthengilum rekhaamoolam nalkunnathuvare kaastavekal upekshikkaan addeham visammathichu. naagasaakkiyile vyapaaram sambandhicha niyamangalum jappaanile tokkugaavayile kristhumatha sanbradaayathinethiraaya niyamangalum aavarthikkunna oru rekhayumaayi moonnu divasathinu sesham doothanmaar madangi. russiakkaar orikkalum nagasaakkiyil oru saadhaarana vyapara samvidaanavum sthaapichittilla, professor lakshmanin nalkia rekha vyapaarathinulla kshanamaayirunno atho shogunettinte bhaagathuninnu ozhivakkappetta thanthramaayirunno enna kaaryatthil charitrakaaranmaar ippozhum viyojikkunnu. aadam johann voonn crusensterninteyum nikkolaay resanovinteyum neethrthwathilulla russian paryaveshanam jappaanumaayi nayatantra, vyapara bandham sthaapikkunnathil paraajayappettukond aii. dii. 1-leeii nagasaki thuramukhathu aarumasam thaamasichu.
maattsumey bhoomi oru march allengil athirthi pradeshamaayathinaal, pinneedu isoo ennu vilikkapetta hokkaidoyude backie bhagam adisthaanaparamaayi oru ainu reservationaayi maari. noottaandukalaayi ainu janathayude melulla japanese swaadheenavum niyanthranavum kramena kooduthal shakthamaayitheernenkilum, akkaalat avar kooduthalum avarude swantham upakaranagalil upekshikkappedukayum shogunett avarude bhoomiye japanese pradeshamaayi kanakkakkaathirikkukayum cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil meiji punasthaapana samayat maathramaan march pirichuvidukayum hokkaido audyogikamaayi kootticherkkukayum jappan punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythath.
maatsuma domaine loards.
1871-ll hahn sambradaayam nirthalaakkunnathinu munbu maatsuma domainile pathinaalu diamyo ivayaayirunnu