
pacha-nirodhicha maramkothi

maramkothi kudumbatthile pikine upakudumbathile oru inam pakshiyaanu pacha-thadassamulla maramkothi allengil pacha-thadassamulla flicker (collaptes melanochloros). arjanteena, bolivia, brazeel, paragwe, uruguay ennividangalil ithu kaanapedunnu.
taxonomy aandu systematics.
1788-ll jarmman prakrithishaasthranjanaaya johann friedrich jimelin kaal linneyasinte "sistamaa nature" yude parishkarichathum vipuleekarichathumaaya pathippil pacha-nirodhicha maramkothaye aupachaarikamaayi vivarichu. addeham athine "pickus" janussile maramkothikalkkoppam sthaapikkukayum "pickus melanochloros" enna binomial peru srishtikkukayum cheythu. melanochloros" enna prathyeka namam "karupp" ennartham varunna purathana greak "melas" ennathum "pacha" allengil "manja" ennartham varunna "chloros" ennathum samyojippikkunnu. 1760ll franch polimathu comte dii buffon vivarikkukayum chithreekarikkukayum cheytha "leeii grand pick reey dii keyne" enna vivaranathe adisthaanamaakkiyaanu jimelin thante vivaranam nalkiyathu. thante maathruka franch gayanayile keynil shekharichathaanennu buffon thettayi vishwasichuvenkilum eee inam avide kaanapedunnilla. pakaram, brazeelil rioo dii janeero ennaanu eee tharam pradeshathe namakaranam cheythirikkunnathu.
pacha-nirodhicha maramkothi "chrysoptilus" janussilekku maattiyengilum 2011 leeii molecular phylogenetic padanatthinte phalangale adisthaanamaakki eee januss "collaptes" aayi layippichu.
american ornitholajikkal sosaitti, internaashanal ornitholajikkal kammitti, clements taxonomy enniva eee anchu upajaathikale pacha-nirodhicha maramkothikku nalkunnu
avasaanathe moonnu upajaathikale munkaalangalil swarnna-nench maramkothi (sii. melanolymus), bared life internaashanalinte "handbook oof dhii bareds oof dhii waled" (echbidablue) enniva aaa chikitsa nilanirthunnu. pacha-nirodhicha", "swarnna-sthana" grouppukal avar kandumuttunna sthalathu parasparam prajananam nadathunnu. chila ezhuthukaar "sii" yum kaikaaryam cheythittundu. emm. negroviridis "oru prathyeka inamaayi.
eee lekhanam anchu-upavibhaagangalude maathruka pinthudarunnu.
vivaranam.
pacha niratthilulla maramkothikku neelavum bhaaravumund. aanthumbikalkkum penthumbikalkkum thalayilozhike ore thoovalukalaanullathu. naamanirddesham cheyyappetta upajaathiyile muthirnna aann "sii. emm. melanochlorosinu karutha nettiyum nettikkannum chuvanna pinkkannum kazhuthum undu. kannin chuttumulla dwaarangal muthal kazhuthu vare veluthathum chuvanna malar varayullathum avayude chevi moodupadam sakthamaaya olivu niramullathumaanu. avarude thaadiyum thondayum karutha varakalulla velutha pachayaanu. praayapoorthiyaaya penthumbikalkku pinkannilum kazhuthilum maathrame chuvapp niramulloo; avayude malar velutha varakalulla karutha niramaan. iru lingakkaarkkum irunda thavitt niramulla baarukalulla manjaniramulla pacha mukalbhaagangalund; avarude rump mangiyathum kanatha thadassamillaathathumaanu, koodaathe avarude mukalile vaalukal karutha baarukalullathaan. ivayude parakkunna thoovalukal ilam thavittuniravum olivu shafttukalumulla pachaniramulla thavitt niramaan. ivayude vaalbhaagathinte mukalbhagam karuthathum puram thoovalukalkk ilam varakalullathumaanu. wall chuvapp manja niramulla baarukalulla karuthathaanu. avayude adibhaagangal ilam pacha niramaan, saadhaaranayaayi sthanathil irundathum avide karutha paadukalum thaazhathe sthanathilum vashangalilum, pakshe saadhaaranayaayi vayattil allah. avayude neelamulla noll karuppum airis thavitt muthal chestnut-braun vareyum kaalukal saadhaaranayaayi pachayo manjayo niramulla chaaraniratthilumaanu.
upajaathikal "sii. emm. nattereri "nominettu cheythathinu samaanamaan, pakshe cheruthum cheruthumaaya bill; athinte thoovalukal kooduthal manjayum adibhaagangalude paadukal valare cherutho varakalullatho aanu. rund upajaathikalum poornnamaayum vyathyasthamalla; avayude thoovalukal vyaapakamaayi parasparam tharamthirikkunnu. "sii. emm. melanolymasine "nominettinekkaal mukalil pachaniramundu, athinte rambinu spotting kuravum wall kuranja breaking undu. thondayude vashath karutha adayaalangalum nenjinu svarnnaniravumundu. "sii. emm. negroviridis "melanolymasine" samaanamaanengilum mukalil kooduthal pachaniramaanu; athinte wall kooduthal shakthamayi thadasappettirikkunnu, athinte nench swarnnaniram kuranjathaanu, adibhaagangalude paadukal valuthaanu. "sii. emm. ettavum valia upajathiyum ettavum vyathirikthavumaan leucophrenatus. mukalil thavitt muthal swarnna thavitt vare, velutha burring velutha rump; athinte nench swarnna muthal ooranchu vare, vashangal nere thadayappettirikkunnu, koodaathe adibhaagangalil valia paadukalo ambadayaala aakruthiyilulla paadukalo undu. eee avasaanathe moonnu enangalum parasparam tharamthirikkappedunnu, pakshe rund "pacha-nirodhicha" upajaathikale apekshichu valare kuravaanu.
kwick-kwick-kwick" ennaanu kooll. pachaniratthilulla maramkothikal ottaykko allengil parambarayilo "payar", "kroo", "peak", "eiii screachy" veeyo "," kroo "," pikwar "allengil" kerr wick "enningane vividha svarangalum nirmmikkunnu."rund lingakkaarum" "short rolukalil" "drum cheiyunnu, pakshe pathivayi allah".
vitharanavum aavaasavyavasthayum.
pacha-nirodhicha maramkothinte upajaathikal ingane kaanapedunnu
speeshees maappil "green-bard" sii maathrame ulppedunnulloo ennathu shradhikkuka. emm. melanochloros ", sii. emm. nattereri "upajaathikal.
varanda marubhoomi kuttichedikal muthal uposhnamekhalaa eerppamulla vanangal vareyulla vaividhyamaarnna bhooprakrithiyil pachaniratthilulla maramkothi vasikkunnu. melanochloros" enna upajaathikal kooduthalum kaanappedunnath ardha-thurassaaya bhoopradeshangalaaya savanna, thuranna vanapradeshangal, varanda brush landukal ennividangalilaanu. mattullava, prathyekichu vadakkan upajaathikalum kuranja thurassaaya thaazhnna pradeshangalile vanangalil kaanapedunnu. eee inam saadhaaranayaayi thaazhnna pradeshangalileyum thaazhvarakalileyum pakshiyaanu, pakshe boleeviyayil athunnu. ariyappedunnathupole, ithu athinte paridhiyude bhooribhaagathilum varsham muzhuvanum thamasikkunna oru vyakthiyaan. prajananakaalathinushesham vadakkott neengunna thekke attathulla janasamkhya kuranjathu bhaagikamaayi deshaadanamaanu.
perumaattam.
bhakshanam.
pacha maramkothinte bhakshanakramam avayude laarvakalum pyooppakalum ulppede eathaandu poornnamaayum urumbukalaanu. chithalukal, oorthoopttera thudangiya mattu praanikaleyum iva bhakshikkunnu. kallichedikalum niravadhi inam sarasafalangalum bhakshanathinte bhagamaanu, koodaathe eee inam myrsinoidae kudumbamaaya "rapenia lancipholia", "myrsin coriasia" ennivayude pradhana vithu chitharikkunna inamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. eee inam ottaykko jodikalaayo, chilappol campo flicker grouppukalumaayi ("sii. campstries "). moonnu "swarnna-nench" upajaathikal mattu randennam kazhikkunnathinekkaal kooduthal nilathu bhakshikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ivayellaam thaazhnna, madhya nilakalilulla marangalil meyunnu.
prajnana.
pacha-nirodhicha maramkothinte prajnana season kooduthalum thekk august muthal januvari vareyum vadakku bhaagathumaayi neendunilkkunnu. ithu oru koodu araye, saadhaaranayaayi oru chattha maratthilo stampiloo, mathramalla oru eenthappana, kattaar vaazha allengil yoottility poolilum, saadhaaranayaayi nilatthinu mukalilum, khananam cheiyunnu. klachinte valippam naalu muttakalaan; maathaapithaakkal randuperum muttakal incubate cheyyukayum nestlingukal nalkukayum cheiyunnu. incubation kaalayalav, valarunnathinulla samayam, maathaapithaakkalude paricharanatthinte mattu vishadaamshangal enniva ariyilla.
padavi.
iucn echbidablue vargeekaranam pinthudarunnu, athinaal "green-bard", "golden-breasted" maramkothikale vevvere vilayiruthiyittundu. randum ettavum aashankaajanakamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. randinum valia shrenikalum sthirathayullathaayi vishwasikkappedunna anjjaathamaaya janasamkhya valuppavumund. iruvarkkum udanadi bheeshanikalonnum kandethiyitla. eee inam pala samrakshitha pradeshangalilum kaanapedunnu, ithu athinte paridhiyude bhooribhaagathilum saadhaaranamo nyayamaayum saadhaaranamo aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 

