kaduva vetta

kaduvakale pidikoodukayum kollukayum cheiyunna reethiyaanu kaduva vetta. kaduvakalude ettavum pradhanappetta vettakkaaran manushyaraan, anadhikritha vettayaadal kaduvakalkku valia bheeshaniyaanu. indian upabhookhandathile motham kaduvakalude 80 sathamaanavum ulkkollunna kaduvayude ettavum saadhaaranamaaya upajaathiyaan bangal kaduva, ithu bangladesh, bhoottaan, mianmar, neppaal, india ennividangalil thaddesheeyamaanu. eee rajyangalil kaduvakalkku puraanaparavum saamskaarikavum mathaparavumaya praadhaanyamund. kaduvakale vettayaadunnathu purushathvatthinte pratheekamaayum saahasika kaayika inamaayum videsha aakramanakaarikal kandu. noottaandukalaayi eee rajyangalil ithu vettayaadappedunnu. 1924ll eshyayile kaduvakalude ennam 100,000ll kooduthalaanennu kanakkaakkappettirunnu. ennirunnaalum, nooriladhikam varshangalkkullil athu 3,200ll thazheyaayi kuranju. kaduva charitraparamaayi oru janapriya valia kaayika mrugamaanu, mathramalla anthassin trophikal nedunnathinum vettayaadappedunnu. atharam vetta niyamavirudhamaakukayum kaduvaykku niyama pariraksha nalkukayum cheythathinusheshavum vyapakamaaya vettayaadal thudarukayaanu. ippol vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna oru samrakshana-ashraya inamaaya lokathile kaduvakalil bhooribhaagavum thadavilaanu jeevikkunnath. idathoornna moodupadam kondu ottaykku jeevikkunna sheelavum palappozhum alarunna shabdathode thangalude saannidhyam prakadippikkaathathum kaaranam kaduvakale vettayaadunnathu simhangalekkaal budhimuttaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu.
charithram.
charitraparamaayi, kaalnadayaayum kuthirappurathaayum aanayude purakilaayum maachanmaaril ninnum kaduvakale vettayaadiyittundu. ivayil eathenkilum ganyamaaya apakadasaadhyatha ulkkollunnu, oru kaduvaye vettayaadunnathu oru purushathvavum dheeravumaaya nettamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, kaliyum trophikalum dheerathayudeyum anthassinteyum pratheekangalayi shekharikkappettu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum maricha kaduvakalude mrithadehangal maattinirthi photoyeduttha britiish raajakudumbathinte vivaranagal indian prakrithiye vijayakaramaayi keezhadakkiyathinte nirmmaanatthe chithreekarikkunnu, angane britishukaar aagrahicha saamraajyathvaparavum purushathvaparavumaaya swathuathe pratheekappeduthunnu. chaina polulla chila sthalangalil kaduvakalum eee pradeshathe manushyajeevanu bheeshaniyaanennu karuthappettirunnathinal avaye kollan kazhinjavare pothujanagalkk naayakanmaraayi prashamsichu.
1986ll, chainayile aushadha nirmmaathaakkalkk vitharanam cheiyunnathinaayi kaduvakale visham nalkukayo keniyil pedutthukayo vedivaykkukayo pinneedu indiaykku puratthekku kadathukayo cheiyunnathu moolam athivegam kurayunnathaayi kandethi. 1992 aayappozhekkum vettakkar vilavedutha 200 kaduvakalkku vyapara vyavasaayam motham 12.4 dasalaksham dollar nalki. annumuthal chainakkar kaduva vettayum kaduvayude bhagika vyapaaravum nirodhichittundu. ennirunnaalum, ithu vettayaadappetta kaduvakalude moolyam vardhippikkuka maathramaan cheythath. vyakthigatha vettakkaarkk ippol oru kaduvaykku ekadesham 800 dollar labhikkunnu, ennaal ariyappedunna sthaapitha samghangalumaayi bandhappettavarkk labhikkuna oro shareerathinum 5,000 dollar vare labikkum. vettayaadalinu purame, kaduvakalude bhaagangalude vyapaaram nirodhichathinu nashtapariharam nalkunnathinaayi, chaina kaduvakrishiyiloode kaduvakalude vilaveduppu aarambhichu."ithu avarude bhagangal vilkkunnathinaayi bandikalaaya kaduvakale valarthaan avare praptharaakkunnu.
india.
purathana kaalam muthal indian upabhookhandathiludaneelam manushyarum kaduvakalum sahavarthithvathilaanu. vaasthavathil, pradeshathudaneelamulla aalukalumayi pankitta vanangalilum pulmedukalilum kaduvakale aaraadhikkukayum aaraadhikkukayum cheythirunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte aadya dashakangal vare indiayil kaduvakal vyaapakamaayi nilanilkkukayum bheeshani neridaathirikkukayum cheythappol, vettayaadalum aavaasavyavasthayude nashtavum verum nooru varshathinullil indiayile avarude janasamkhya 40,000 ll ninnu 1,800 ll thazheyaayi kurachu. noottaandukalaayi kaduva vetta oru rajakeeya kaayika inamaayi prachaaratthilundenkilum, britiish bharanakaalathu vettakkar valare uyarnna thokku upayogichathinaal anantharafalangal valuthaayirunnu, koodaathe colonial prabhukkanmaarude valia ennam vettayaadaanulla avarude thaalparyam kooduthal kshayichathilekku nayichu. britiish udyogasthar avarude swakaarya dayarikal, oormmakkurippukal, audyogika gasatteerukal, photographukal ennivayil vettayaadal sambhavangal vishadamaayi vivarichittundu. britiish bharanadhikaarikal 1878-leeii phoorast act pasaki, ithu vanamekhalaye vettayaadal sthalangalaayi kanakkakkaan avare praaptharakki. 1878ll britishukaar 1,579 kaduvakale audyogikamaayi konnu. 1882ll britiish udyogasthar 1,726 kaduvakale konnathinu 4800 poundu prathiphalam nalki. surgujayile maharajavu thante vettayaadalukalil 1,710 kaduvakale konnu. bangal presidencyile britiish sivil sarvees udyogasthanaaya jorjju yuul thante bharanakaalathu 400 ladhikam kaduvakale konnirunnu. 1921ll jorjju anchaaman rajaavu 1911ll colonial india sandarshichappol oraazhchaykkullil 17 kaduvakale vedivachu konnu, 10 divasathinullil 39 kaduvakale konnu, ivayilonnu royal albert memorial myoosiyathil pradharshippichirikkunnu.
pradharshippichirikkunnu kanakkanusarichu aagola kaduvakalude 75 sathamaanavum indiayilaanu.
saarist russia.
irupathaam noottaandinte aadya varshangalil, caspian kaduva adhivasikkunna madhya eshyan pradeshangale kolanivalkkarikkanulla padhathi saamraajyathva russian sarkkar aarambhichu. sir-daria, amu-daria nadikal, aral kadal thudangiya pradeshangalil oru valia karaa punarudhaarana paripaadiyil kaduvakale unmoolanam cheyyaan russian praadeshika adhikaarikal valareyadhikam pravarthichu. caspian kadalinu chuttum kaanapedunna ellah kaduvakaleyum unmoolanam cheyyaan russian sainyathin nirddesham nalki, ithu valare kaaryakshamamaayi nadappaakkiya oru padhathiyaanu. caspian kaduvayude unmoolanam eathaandu poorthiyaayikkazhinjaal, karshakar vanangal vrithiyaakkukayum vilakal nattupidippikkukayum cheythu. theevramaaya vettayaadalum vananaseekaranavum kaaranam, caspian kaduva aadyam samriddhamaaya thaazhnna pradeshangalil ninnu vanapradeshangalilekkum pinneedu chila valia nadikalkku chuttumulla chathuppukalilekkum oduvil parvathangalilekku aazhathilekkum pinwangi, athu eathaandu theerchayaayum vamshanasham sambhavikkunnathuvare. muun soviyatt unionile caspian kaduvayude avasaanathe shaktikendram tajikistanile tigrovaya balca pradeshathaayirunnu. pradeshathaayirunnu pakuthi vare kaduvakale ivide kandethiyathayi report cheyyappettittunde eee avakaashavaadangalude vishwaasyatha anjjaathamaanu.
soviyatt union.
russian aabhyantharayudhathinte aadya varshangalil, vladivostokku aasthaanamaayulla chuvappum vella sainyangal praadeshika cyberian kaduvakale eathaandu thudachuneekki. thudachuneekki, kaduvakale kammyoonistukaar valareyadhikam peedippichu, avar chilappol otta yaathrayil etto patho vare sanjarikkumaayirunnu. soviyatt unionile niyamaparamaaya kaduva vetta 1947ll audyogikamaayi nirodhichathuvare thudarnnu.
peeples republic oof chaina.
1959ll, prcyude valia kuthichuchaattathinidayil, maavo sedong thekkan chainayile kaduvakale manushyante sathrukkalaayi prakhyapikkukayum unmoolanam cheiyunnathinulla prachaaranangal samghadippikkaanum prolsaahippikkaanum thudangukayum cheythu. cheythu thudakkathil chainees kaduvakal aayirathiladikam mrugangalaayi churungi. oru pathittaandinushesham, avarude paridhi thekkan chainayile moonnu pradesangalaayi churukki, avayil randennam jiangsi pravishyayilaayirunnu.
parambaraagatha chainees vaidyashaasthrathile kaduvakal.
kaduvayude asthikalum mikkavarum ellah shareerabhaagangalum parambaraagatha chainees vaidyathil vedanasamhaarikal ulppede niravadhi upayogangalkkayi upayogikkunnu. karinchanthayil thuppal konduvarunna uyarnna vilayum aavaasavyavasthayude nashavum samyojippikkumbol, aushadha upayogathinaayi vettayaadunnathu kaattile kaduvakalude ennam valareyadhikam kurachittundu. oru noottaand munbu, lokathil 100,000-ladhikam kaduvakalundaayirunnuvennu kanakkaakkappedunnu; ippol, aagola ennam 2,500-ll thaazheyaayirikkam, 250-ll kooduthal pakwathayulla prajnana vyakthikalulla upajanasankhyayilla.
thaazhepparayunna vishwaasangal ulppedunna eee vishwaasangalkku shaasthreeyamaaya sthireekaranamilla
2010 march 15 nuu waled federation oof chainees medisin sosaittikal (dablyu. eph. sii. emm. ezz) vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevajaalangale aushadha aavasyangalkkaayi upayogikkunnathinekkur oru prasthavana purappeduvichu. dablyu. eph. sii. emm. ezz deputy sekrattari huwang jianin sammelanathe abhisambodhana cheyth thaazhepparayunna prasthavana purappeduvichu "kaduva samrakshanam lokath oru rashtreeya prashnamaayi mariyirikkunnu. athinaal kaduvakal ulppedeyulla vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevikalude samrakshanathe parambaraagatha chainees vaidyashaasthra vyavasaayam pinthunaykkendathu aavasyamaanu. tii. sii. emm. pariseelakar vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna enangale "cheruvakalude pattikayil" ninnu neekkam cheyyaan shramikkumbol, kaduva asthi wine polulla tii. sii. emm adisthaanamaakkiyulla aushadha uthppannangalude aavasyam veendum uyarthumennu prathekshikkunna karshakar avaye niravettunnu.
kaduvakal adisthaanamaakkiyulla aushadha uthppannangalude aavasyam punarujjeevippikkunnathi kaduva krishi bhaagikamaayo poornnamaayo utharavaadiyaanu. chainayile gillin nagaratthile seongsen karadiyilum kaduva faamilum prathivarsham 200,000 kuppi kaduva asthi veenjaanu uthpaadippikkunnathu. (jacobs 2010) seongsen polulla paarkkukal avarude veenjine samagra aushadha pariharangalaayi brand cheiyunnathil ninnu labham nedunnu, munkaala aushadha reethikalkkulla vipani aavasyam niravettunnu. tii. sii. emm. pariseelakar vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevikalude upayogathil ninnu maarinilkkan shramikkumbol, kaduva faamukal eee aavasyam punarujjeevippikkunnu. innu, chainayile kaduva karshakar kaduvayude bhaagangalude vilppanaykkulla nirodhanam pinvalikkaan avarude sarkkaarine prerippikkukayaan.
2007ll, nirodhanam pinvalikkaan karshakar poraadi, "parambaraagatha vaidyashaasthrathinaayi kaattupoochakale vettayaadunnathu bhakshanathinaayi valarthaan kazhiyumenkil, parambaraagatha vaidyashaasthrathinaayi kaattupoochakale vettayaadunnathu ganyamaayi kurayum."ennirunnaalum, vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevajaalangale veendum kaattilekku konduvarunnathinaayi eee sthaapanangal srishticha kaaranangalkk nere ithu nerittu pookunnu. kaduva krishi anuvadichaal kaduvakalude ennathe nerittu badhikkum. aadyathe sradheyamaaya gadakangalilonnu oru prakrithidatha uthppannathinte (vanyavum thadavukaaraayavayum) aavashyakathayile vardhana aayirikkum. eee gurutharamaaya prasnangal avaganikkunnathinte anantharafalam kaduvakalude janasamkhyaykku hanikaramaayirikkum. ettavum aashankaajanakamaayi, adutha dashakathinullil kaduvakalude inam vamshanasham sambhavikkumennu pravachikkappedunnu. "waled wildlife fund director general jaims leap sent. sariyaaya samrakshana nadapadikal sweekarichillengil, kaduvayude adutha chainees kalandar varshamaaya 2022 oode kaduvakal aprathyakshamaakumenn peettezhsburg paranju."(taittova 2010)
vettayaadalum vettayaadalum.
eee grahatthile ettavum vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna enangalilonnaanu kaattupanni. kaduvakalude apakadatthinu pinnile pradhana gadakangal, aavasyam, parambaraagatha vishwaasangal, aachaaraparamaaya achaarangal, eee vanyamrugathinte yadhaartha athirthikalum vaasasthalangalum thammil ettumuttukayum krithrimam cheyyukayum cheiyunna janasamkhyayude vardhichuvarunna ennam enniva kaaranam manushyar prachodippikkunnu. chila middle eestten rajyangalil kaduvayude bhagangal karalineyum vrukkakaleyum sukhappeduthumennu vishwasikkappedunnu, apasmaram, kashandi, veekkam, dushtaathmaakkalude saannidhyam, palluvedana, malaria, hydrophobia, charmmarogangal, pediswapnangal, alasata, panii, thalavedana enniva chikilsikkaan iva upayogikkunnu.
aavaasavyavasthayude apachayavum irayude saandrata kurayunnathum kaduvakalude ennathe kooduthalum badhikkunnu. kaduvakalude ennam kurayunnathine ettavum nannayi vishadeekarikkunna gadakangal manushya janasamkhyayude saandrathayum roadukalil ninnulla dooravumaanennu vaangum shen 2010 vishadeekarikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, vettayaadal pravartthanangalum vettayaadalum eee mrugathinte thakarchaykku valareyadhikam sambhavana cheiyunnu. kaduvayude bhaagangalil ninnulla anadhikritha vyapara uthppannangal jaavan, caspian, baali kaduva upajaathikalude (dablyu. dablyu. eph 2010) vamshanaashathinte mattoru pradhana kaaranamaan.
traaphika vanyajeevi vyapara nireekshana shringhala" enna oru bahumanyamaaya report mrugangale kollukayum bhagangalkkum uthppannangalkkumayi vyapaaram nadathukayum cheiyunnavayekkurichulla nambarukal puratthirakki. "kazhinja dashakathil ayiram kaduvakale kollukayum avayude bhagangalkkum uthppannangalkkumayi vyapaaram nadathukayum cheythu."malayan inam kaduvaykku 600 muthal 800 vare enangal kaattilund, ithu moonnaamathe valia upa-inamaayi maarunnu. malaysian ankil prathyakshappedunna ettavum kooduthal chithreekaricha chithrangalilonnaanithu. vettayaadal moolam baali kaduva ithinakam vamshanasham sambhavichittund. purushanmaaril ekadesham <aii. dii. 2> kilogram bharavum sthreekalil <aii. dii. 1> kilogram bharavumulla kaduva kudumbatthile ettavum cheria kaduvayaayirunnu ithu.
russian sambadvyavastha kshayichathode, vettayaadalinethiraaya niyamangalum niyanthranangalum durbalamaavukayum nadappakkappedaathirikkum cheythu, ithu vipani saahacharyangalum sambadvyavasthayum mechappeduthunnathinaayi kaduvakale vettayaadunnathinum vettayaadunnathinum anukoolamaayi (washington poost, 2010). vettayaadalum vettayaadalum ethratholam nadakkunnu ennathu valare apoorvamaayi maathrame cyberian kaduvakal vaardhakyathe thudarnnu marikkunnulloo, kaaranam avaa eee ghattathiletthaan anuvadikkunnathinu munbu kollappedunnu.
kaduvayude athijeevanathinaayulla pooraattatthinte eee samayathe amgeekarichukondu, russian pradhaanamantri vladymyr pudin sent sittiyil eee sambhavathekkurichu janangale orumichu avabodham srishtikkaanulla sramam nadatthi. peettezhsburg. kaduvakale vamshanaashathinte vakkilethikkunnathinu anthaaraashtra foramaaya "tiger sammitt" ennaanu paripaadiyude peru. 2010 kaduvayude chainees varshamaayirunnu, ithu anthaaraashtra samrakshana shramangalude swaabhaavika kendramaayi maari. 
nilavile bheeshanikal kaaranam kaduvakal vamshanaashabheeshani neridumennu kaduva vidagdhar bhayappedunnu (gathagatham 2010). avarude nilanilpp deerghippikkunnathinu onniladhikam rajyangalil ninnu valare uyarnna prathibaddhatha aavasyamaanu. aavaasavyavastha samrakshikkaanulla sramangal anivaaryamaanennu vidagdhar sammathikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, vadakkukizhakkan chainayile kaduvakalude enangale samrakshikkunnathinulla samrakshana thanthrangalude vilayiruthal samrakshanathinum atijeevanathinum anuyojyamaaya aavaasavyavasthakal vipuleekarikkendathinte praadhaanyam velippeduthunnu (siafeng, 2009). manushyarkkum kaduvakalkkum ore pradesham pankidunna mattu niravadhi vanyajeevi enangalkkum thulya moolyamulla aavaasavyavasthayude samagratha urappaakkunnathin pradhana bhooprakrithikal kaduva samrakshana souhrudamaayirikkanam.
 2014 joolaiyil swittsarlandile jeneevayil vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevajaalangalekkurichulla oru anthaaraashtra kanvenshanil, oru chainees prathinidhi aadyamaayi chainayil kaduvakalude tholiyude vyapaaram nadakkunnathaayi thante sarkkaarin ariyaamenn sammathichu.
reethikal.
chavittunnu.
munbu konna mrugathinteyo kaattudeyo mrithadehathinu mukalil oru kaduvaye nireekshikkuka ennathaayirunnu vettayil ulppettirunnathu. kaduva saadhaaranayaayi vaikunneram kollappedaan athukayum athinte uchathilulla alarchayode parisaram prathidhwanikkukayum cheyyum. maratthil irikkunnidatholam kaalam vettakkaaran apakadamonnum illaayirunnuvenkilum raathriyil veettilekku madangaan sramikkunnathu apakadakaramaayirunnu. athinaal vettakkaaran raavile vare maratthil thanne kazhiyendivarum. chainayil, "penn-tra" ennariyappedunna cheria bombukal kaduvayude kollaakkil sthaapikkukayum athu kazhichathinushesham pottitherikkukayum cheyyum.
pakshiyude chunnaambu.
barmayilum indiayilum kaduk ennayudeyum lattaksinteyum oru misritham oru kaduva pathivayi sandarshikkunna oru dwaarathinu chuttum chitharikkidakkunnu. naavo pallo upayogichu stikki draavakathil ninnu nakhangal neekkam cheyyaanulla shramathil, kaduva swamedhayaa azhukkum elakalum kondu mukham moodum. thathfalamaayundaaya andhatha athine thazheyirakkaan eluppamaakki.
hankwah.
"oru kattinu chuttum patho irupathu mylo pulikalkk theeyitt kaduvakalude ennam kuraykkunna bangaalil rajayude sanbradaayamaayirunnu "hankwa".
thoongimarichirikkunnu.
mukalile iraavadiyil, oru mulla paalam kaduvakal upayogikkunnathu kaanumbol, paalatthinte slaattukal krameekarikkappedum, angane athinte adutha crossingle kaduva thaazheyulla moorchayulla thoonukalil veezhum.
madhyapradeshil, baagakal oru kaduvaye thirascheenamaaya dhruvathinte naduvil ninnu eathaanum adii akalatthil rund fork cheytha marangalil thookkiyidum. thoon vazhuvazhupullathum puramtholi illaathathaayathum kaaranam, kaduva thennimariyum, kollan sramikkukayum chuvade moorchayulla mulla koombaarangalil veezhukayum cheyyum.
barmayil kaduvakal pathivayi varunna paathayude iruvashathum mulakkallidum. oru kaduva pathayil kettiyitta charadumaayi shaareerika sanbarkkam pulartthumbol, mulla clapperude cheenja pakuthi athinte maruvashathu urakke thirichuvarum. shabdam kaduvaye oru vashathekku chaadaanum oru thoonilekku svayam kuthiyidaanum kaaranamakum.
kuthira/ottakam thirichuvaravu.
pathinezhaam noottaandil indiayil kuthirappada udyogasthar kuthirakaleyum ottakangaleyum upayogichirunnuvenkilum aanakalekkaal kooduthal vishwasaneeyavum pravachanaatheethavumaanennu avar kandethi. ksheenam anubhavappedaanaayi kaduvakale pinthudarnna sesham, kuthira savaarikal kaduvakale nirantharam valayangal kurachukonduvarikayum thudarnnu kaduvaye vaal kondu kollukayum cheyyum.
vettayaadunna naaykkal.
eee aavashyathinaayi taigayil kaanapedunna ellaatharam valia geyim mrugangaleyum pinthudarunnathil nannayi pariseelanam nediya valare ganyamaaya shakthiyulla vettayaadal naaykkalude oru koottam undaayirikkendathu aavasyamaanu. vettayaadumbol, vettakkar saadhaaranayaayi avarude graamatthile mikka naaykkaleyum shekharichu oru vivaranamillaatha koottam roopeekarikkum. gunanilavaarathilum swabhaavathilum valareyadhikam vyathyasamullathinaal ellah naaykkalum vettayaadalil thulyaraayirunnilla. oro koottatthilum onno rando nethaakkal undaayirunnu, bakkiyullavar avare pinthudarunnu. nethaavine nashtappettaal pettennuthanne aaa paaykk kaivittupoyi. vettakkar apoorvvamaayi maathrame kanatha manjil naaykkale konduvaraarulloo, kaaranam ithu naaykkalude chalanathe thadassappeduthukayum kaduvaye eluppathil lakshyamidukayum cheyyum.
kaduvaye kandumuttumbol, naaykkal deshyathode kuraykkaan thudangukayum athe samayam athinte kaalukal pidichu pinbhaagathu kadikkukayum cheyyum. atharathil avar athu nirtthi akathekku tirikkaan kaaranamaayi. oduvil kaduvaye valanjukidakkumbol, naaykkal saadhaaranayaayi uyarnna pitch mulakukal undaakkum, ithu angeyattatthe paribhraanthikk anusrithamaayirikkum. samghathinte pakuthi kaduvaye chuttippidichu thudarnnappol mattu naaykkal vishramichu. ennirunnaalum, kwari takarkkaan sramichaal, muzhuvan paaykkum charge cheythu, chila naaykkal yadhaarthathil mrugathinte purakil chaadi orikkal koodi nirthaan nirbandhichu. shabdathil ninnu maathram pravartthikkukayum marangalude pinnil kwaariyude kaazhchayil ninnu akattinirthukayum cheiyunna vettakkaaran randaamathethinte eluppa paridhiyil ethi athine vedivaykkukayum cheyyum.
valia shakti undaayirunnittum, kaduvakal saadhaaranayaayi valanjillenkil naaykkalkkethire nilakollilla, pinwangan kooduthal eshtappedunnu. apoorva sandarbhangalil kaduvakale kollumennu ariyappedunna dogukale ("kuvon alpinus") kaduva thettidharichathaanu ithinu kaaranamenn sidhaanthamundaayirunnu.
kaduvakalude vamshanashathinulla pariharangal.
paristhithiyile oru inamenna nilayil kaattupoochakale samrakshikkunnathinu, aavaasavyavasthayude nashtam, erakalude ennam kurayal, kaduvakale nerittu vettayaadal enningane niravadhi bheeshanikal pariharikkendathundu.
manushyarude daurlabhyam prakrithivibhavangalude chooshanam kuraykkunnu, koodaathe vettayaadalinu vidheyamaakaathidatholam kaalam eee sthalangalil kaattupookkalude ennam sthirathayo vardhanavo nilanirthaam.
kaduvakalkku aavaasathinum avayil vasikkunna mrugangale vettayaadunnathinum marangale aasrayikkunnu. aavaasavyavasthayude nashavum puthiya roadukalkkum veedukalkkumulla maramurical eee jeevivargathinte aavaasavyavasthaye saaramaayi badhikkunnu. adisthaana athijeevana upakaranangal nalkunnathinaayi marangal kaduvakale nakhangal moorcha koottaanum marangal chorichilukal varuthaanum anuvadikkunnu.
eee enangal mattu mrugangale irayaakkaan marangalil ninnum uyaramulla pullukalil ninnumulla aavaranathe aashrayikkunnathinaal avayude prathyulpaadana, vaasasthala parithasthithiyil sasya moolakangalude nashtavum aashankayundaakkunnu. marangalum sasyajaalangalum eee mrugangal avayude samrakshanathinaayi aasrayikkunna ajaiva gadakangalil ninnum gadakangalil ninnum prakrithidathamaaya samrakshanam nalkunnu. kaduvakal janicha athe pradeshangalil thanne inacherukayum punarulppaadippikkuyum cheiyunnu, athinaal prakrithidatha sasyangalum marangalum samrakshikkendathu pradhaanamaan.
kaduvakalude veendedukkal prolsaahippikkunnathi sramangal kuranjathu 40 varshamaayi thudarukayaanu. onniladhikam sarkkarukal oru prathyeka project tiger prograaminu dhanasahayam nalkukayum valare sajeevamaavukayum cheythittundu. aandezhsanum mattullavarum. 2006 ll kaduva samrakshanathinaayi prathyekamaayi sarkkarithara samghadanakal nalkia dhanasahayam vishakalanam cheythu. india, russia, indoneshya, maleshya, neppaal ennee raajyangalkkidayil 23 dasalaksham dollariladhikam nikshepichittundu.
graatvikk muthalaayavar. 2006 ll ezhuthunnathu, oru pradhana korppareshanaaya exonmobil, kaduva samrakshanathinaayi 12.6 dasalaksham us dollar nikshepichittundenna. ettu rajyangalil vyaapichukidakkunna kaduvakalude oru valia, thudarchayaaya janasamkhya nilanirthaan sahaayikkunnathin vanyajeevi samrakshana samoohavum panthera foundeshanum 2008 ll bhoottaanum mianmar thammil oru "janithaka idanaazhi" srishtikkaanulla padhathi prakhyaapichu. eee padhathi, eee inathe vamshanaashathil ninnu samrakshikkunnathinulla ettavum theevramaaya shramathe prathinidheekarikkunna, thakarkkappedaathatho vighadippikkappedaatho aaya kaduvakalude aavaasavyavasthayude ettavum valia pradeshamaakumenn vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. (rabinovits).
prakrithikkaayulla loka vanyajeevi nidhiyaan mattoru pradhana sambhavana. 2020 aakumbozhekkum kaattupookkalude ennam erattiyaakkuka enna lakshyathode eee samghadana oru pradhana samrambham nirddeshichittundu. pradhana samghadanakal ithrayum valia sramangal nadathiyathinu marupadiyaayi, mattu cheria niravadhi sramangal eee dauthyathil kaikorthu. eee samghadanakalude koottaymaykku anthaaraashtra kaduva sakhyam ennu perittu.
saandezhsan thudangiyavar. (2006) 70 samrakshanavaadikalude sarveyiloode vividha sthalangalile kaduva enangalkkulla vyathyastha samrakshana nadapadikalude falaprapti vilayiruthi.
praabalyamillaathathaayi theliyikkapetta aaa nadapadikalkku thaazhekkulla kramatthil scaling moolyathode nadappaakkunnathil uyarnna falaprapti kaanikkunna mekhalakalkku uyarnna skorukal nalki. eee nadapadikalil, india, bhoottaan, neppaal, maleshya ennividangalile chila padhathikal ettavum phalapradamaanennu kanakkakkappettu.

