
judicial kolapathakam

vadhashikshayiloode oru niraparadhiye manahpoorvvam munkootty aasoothranam cheythulla kolapathakamaanu judicial kolapathakam; athinaal, ithu thettaaya vadhashikshayude upavibhagamaanu. ooksfoord engleesh nighandu" ithine "niyama prakriyayaal undaakunna maranam, vadhasiksha, prathyekichu. anitio cruramo aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu ". judicial kolapaathakatthe judicial narahatyayumaayi thettidharikkaruthu, athil vadhasiksha nadappaakkunnathu ulppedaam.
udaaharanam.
judicial kolapaathakakkuttam chumathiya aadyakaala cases 1623-leeii amboyna koottakolayaanu, ithu dutch eest indeesile oru kodathiyude nadathippinecholli engleesh, dutch sarkkaarukalkkidayil niyamaparamaaya tharkkathinu kaaranamaayi, athu raajyadrohakkuttam chumathiya patthu engleesh purushanmaare vadhikkan utharavittirunnu. kodathiyude niyamaparamaaya adhikaaraparidhiyekkurichulla vyathyastha vyaakhyaanangale kendreekarichaayirunnu tharkkam. eee aii. aii. sii amgangale vichaarana cheyyaanum vadhikkanum eee kodathikku adhikaaramillenn engleeshukaar vishwasichu, athinaal vadhasiksha adisthaanaparamaayi niyamavirudhamaanennu vishwasikkukayum angane "judicial kolapathakam" roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. maruvashathu, duchukal kodathi adisthaanaparamaayi yogyathayullathaanennu vishwasikkukayum pakaram kodathiyile prathyeka jadjimaarude durupayogathil shradha kendreekarikkaan aagrahikkukayum cheythu.
niyamaparamaaya vyavahaarangalilum saahithyathilum eee padatthinte upayogam.
1688-leeii northleeginte "swaabhaavika vishwasthatha" yill eee padatthinte mattoru aadyakaala upayogam sambhavikkunnu; "addeham kuthiraykkethire eee nadapadi swamedhayaa nadathumenkilum orutharam judicial kolapathakamaanu".
1777-ll voltayar "kolayaalikalude niyamaparamaaya" ("judicial kolayaalikal") enna thaarathamyappeduthaavunna padam upayogichu.
1782ll anna goldiyude vadhathe paraamarshichu august ludwig voonn schloser jarmman bhashayil ("justismord") eee padam upayogichu. oru adikkurippil addeham eee padam ingane vishadeekarikkunnu
1932ll justice ezz. ezz. pawal vii. ennathilum eee padam upayogichu. ellah mooladhana kesukalilum kodathi niyogicha abhibhaashakanulla avakasham sthaapikkumbol
badhiran oomanum niraksharan durbalamanaskanumaaya oru thadavukaarante gurutharamaaya cases, kaunsilare niyamikkaan kazhiyaatha, samsthaanathinte muzhuvan adikaaravum addehathinethire aninirathi, samsthaanathinte kaunsilarmaar addehathe vichaarana cheyyukayum, vichaarana cheyyukayum, shikshikkukayum, vadhasiksha vidhikkukayum cheythathayi namukk karuthaam. atharamoru phalam... vadhasiksha nadappaakkukayaanenkil athu judicial kolapaathakatthil ninnu alpam kuravaayirikkum.
oru niraparaadhiykk vadhasiksha labhikkuna munkootty aasoothranam cheyyaatha neethinyaaya garbhachhidrangal vare kaalavadhi neettunnathine herman mostaar (1956) nyaayeekarikkunnu.
pareekshanangal kaanikkuka.
vadhashikshaykk kaaranamakunna vichaaranakal kaanikkan eee padam palappozhum prayogikkunnu, koodaathe slansky vichaaranaykk sesham vadikkappetta pathinonnu aalukalaaya nikkolaay bukhaarin, milada horakova, sulfikar alii bhutto ennivarude maranathinum ithu baadhakamaan.