
vilyam barton raitt

oru engleesh mechanical enchineeyarum theyilathotta udamayum khani udamayumaayirunnu vilyam barton raitt (13 november 1828-7 meyy 1915). 1875 muthal lankshare aandu yorkshare reyilveyude (lyre) locomotive sooprandaayi. aaa thasthikayile thante patthu varshathe kariyaril, lairinte gathagatham niyantrikkunnathinaayi nalla lokkomotteevukalude oru shreni roopakalppana cheythukondu, lairine yunaittad kingdatthile ettavum kaaryakshamamaya railway acan addeham sahayichu.
jeevacharitram.
1828 november 13 nuu northamberlandile north sheeldukalkku sameepamulla marttan housilaanu barton raitt janichathu. northamberlandile tainemouthum walsendilum vyaapaarikaludeyum kappal udamakaludeyum oru sthaapitha kudumbatthil ninnulla vilyam clark raitaayirunnu addehathinte pithaav. addehathinte amma, charlot saaraa paar, livarpool vyapaarikal, vyapaarikal, mayermar, (pinneedu) paar baankinte sthaapakar ennivarude kudumbatthil ninnullayalaayirunnu; addehathinte maathru muthasshi tekstail vyaapaarikalude maanchastar kudumbatthile amgamaaya altia barton aayirunnu. 1839 muthal landanile basewateril barton raitt kudumbam thaamasichu; kudumbatthinte bhagyam nashtappedutthiya barton raittinte pithaav 1844 ll avide vachu marichu.
aadyakaala currier indiayum.
barton raitt 17-aamm vayassil grettu vestten reyilveyude (jii. dablyu. aarr) swindon varkkukalil oru aprenteesaayi, daniel goochinte keezhil, pithaavinte ammaayiyiloode bandhappettirunnu. avide addeham nirmmaanakkadakalilum pinneedu droying offeesilum jolie cheythu, works manejaraaya archibald sturokkinte sahayiyaayi. 1851ll apprenteeshipp poortthiyaakkiya addehathinu paddingtonile jii. dablyu. aarinte locomotive dippoyude chumatala nalki.
1854 octoberil madras reyilveyude aadyathe locomotive, kyarej, vaagan sooprandaayi niyamithanaaya addeham 1855 maarchil perambur loco varkkukalil thante sthaanam etteduthu. eee kaalayalavil madras railwake vitharanam cheytha locomotteevukal joonn hokshaavinte prathyekathakalkanusarichu; kooduthalum passenture trainukalkku 2-4-0, mishra gathaagathathinu 0-4-2, charakkukalk 0-6-0. 1869 desember 7nuu barton raitt sivil enchineeyarmaarude sthaapanathil amgavum 1878 juunil mechanical enchineeyarmaarude sthaapanathil amgavum aayi.
lankshare aandu yorkshare railway.
niravadhi reyilvekalude samyojanathiloodeyaanu lankshare aandu yorkshare railway (lyre) roopeekarichathu, avayil chilathinu svanthamaayi locomotive attakuttappanikal undaayirunnu. eee sthaapanangalude samyojanathethudarnnu avaa ekeekarikkaan kurachu samayameduthu, vakupputhala medhaavikalude ennam kuranju. udaaharanathinu, 1846-ll maanchastar, bolton railway enniva samyojippichenkilum 1849-ll salford varkkukal adaykkunnathuvare athinte locomotteevukal verittunilkkukayum, pinneedu mile plaattingile muun maanchastar aandu leads railway varkshoppukalilekku sthalam maattukayum cheythu. 
1875ll miles plaattingile soukaryangal vilyam harstinteyum vilyam yetsinteyum chumathalayilayirunnu, iruvarum yathaakramam 1868 januvari 22nuu vilyam jenkinsinte pingamikalaaya outtdoor suuprandaayum indor suuprandaayum niyamitharaayi. muun eest lancashire reyilveyude locomotteevukal kuzhichittidathu attakuttappanikal nadatthi, koodaathe 1865 epril 24 nuu outtdoor sooprandaayi niyamithanaaya joonn jackwus, aarr. 1873 october 15 nuu mesan viramikkendathaayirunnu. 1875 ll harst viramikkendathaayirunnu, koodaathe naalu pereyum orotta locomotive sooprandine niyamikkaan lyre board theerumaanichu, 1875 augustil eee tasthika parasyam cheyyappettu. aarr perukalude oru hraswa pattika thiranjedukkukayum 1875 october 27 nuu abhimukham nadathukayum cheythu. ithu aarr perukal randaayi kurachu irelandile grettu southu, vestten reyilveyile alexander mcdonnell, indiayile madras reyilveyil jolie cheythirunna vilyam barton raitt. 
1875 november 1 muthal barton raittine cheef locomotive sooprandaayi niyamichu, pittennu, yetts, harst, jacq, robarttukal enniva konduvarikayum avar ippol barton raittine ariyikkumennu parayukayum cheythu. haarst viramichu, yettsum roberttukalum yathaakramam mile platingilum kuzhichittidatthum works maanejarmaraayi. aarumaasathe shambalathode raajivaykkaan jackwassinu avasaram nalki.
barton raitt mile platingil aayirikkumbol, addeham anchu puthiya klaas locomotive roopakalppana cheythu taff vaale railwaykaayi (taff vaale railway ell klaas) nirmmikkunna chilathinu valare saamyamulla oru 0-6-0 1876 ll avatharippichu; 1877 ll praadeshika passenture sevanangalkkayi oru 0-4-4 tii; 1880 ll express passenture trainukalkkaayi oru 4-4-0; 1880 ll charakkukalk gadippicha chakrangalodukoodiya onnu, 1881 ll praadeshika passenture sevanangalkkayi jody chakrangalodukoodiya randaamathethu enningane rund tharam 0-6-2 tii. ivayil randennam, 4-4-0,0-6-0 enniva addehathinte pingamiyaaya joonn aspinal cheria parishkkaranangalode nilanirtthi.
locomotive attakuttappanikalude samayakramathinte aavasyangalum rund mylukalileyum parimithamaaya seshiyum plaiting kuzhichidalum ardhamaakkunnathu puthiya locomotteevukalil bhooribhaagavum purathuninnulla sthaapanangalil ninnu vaangendivannu, ithil barton raittinte swantham roopakalppanayillaatha chilathum ulppedunnu. 1876ll sharp, stuvartt & kambani. grettu northen railwaykaayi (jii. enn. aarr) muppath aii. dii. 1. lokkomotteevukalude oru baachu nirmmikkukayayirunnu, patrick stirilinginte roopakalppanaykku, jii. enn. aarr locomotive suuprand; ennaal panthrand ennam jii. enn. aarinu kaimaria sesham, adutha ettu ennam (jii. enn. aarinte anumathiyode) nerittu lairinu vittu, avide avaa 605 klasai maari; moorchayulla, steevartt pinneedu jii. enn. aarinu avarude yadhaartha oordarinte avasana patthu, koodaathe kuravu nikathaan ettu ennam koodi nalki. gnril, avaa mixed-traaphik dutykalkkaayi uddeshichullathaayirunnu (pinneedu klaas eph 2 roopeekarichu), ennaal lyre pradhaanamaayum express passenture trainukalil avaa upayogichirunnu. 1882 num 1885 num idayil vividha tharatthilulla shundinginaayi niravadhi cheria aii. dii. 1. ezz. tii. kall vaangukayum cheythu. barton raitt thante mungaamikalude chila locomotteevukal punarnirmmikkukayum avaykku kooduthal ayuss nalkukayum cheythu.
1877ll nyoottan heethil puthiya vandiyude punny aarambhichathode mile platingile sahacharyam laghookarikkappettu, ithu 1873 epril 27nuu theepidutthatthil nasippikkappedukayum aaa varshavasaanam punarnirmmikkukayum cheytha vandiyum vaagan vakupum munbu kaivashappeduthiyirunna mile platingil locomotive vakuppinu sthalam ettedukkaan anuvadichu. eee vipuleekaranathethudarnn, mile plaattingil adhika locomotteevukal nirmmikkaan kazhinju, 528 classil naalppat ennam 1878-81 kaalayalavil nirmikkappettu, ennaal ivayaayirunnu avide nirmmicha avasaanathe puthiya locomotteevukal. sthalam appozhum kaduppamaayirunnu, veedukal ulppedeyulla mattu kettidangal kondu chuttumulla pradesham poornnamaayum niranjirunnathinaal jolikal kooduthal vipuleekarikkaan sthalamundaayirunnilla. 1883-ll lunden aandu north vestten reyilveyude (elendabluar) muun locomotive sooprandaayirunna joonn ramsbottathe lyre "locomotive vakuppumayi bandhapetta kaaryangalil consulting enchineeyaraayi" niyamikkukayum barton raittinoppam muzhuvan lyre sisttavum sandarshikkukayum cheythu. 1884 march 19 nuu ramsboatom lyre boardinu thante upadesham nalkukayum vipuleekaranam eluppamaakkunna oru puthiya locomotive jolikal thuranna rajyath nirmmikkaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. 
horwich pravartthikkunnu.
rambottom, barton raitt ennivar vividha saadhyathayulla sthalangal parisodhikkukayum meyy 21 nuu nadanna oru yogathil lyre land ejantaaya elias dorning horvichile oru estettinekkurichu avare ariyikkukayum cheythu. rambottom, dorning, barton raitt ennivar bhoomi parisodhikkaan pooyi, boardinu thirike report cheytha sesham, 65,000 poundil koodaathathinu athu vaangaan dorninginu adikaaram nalki. 1884 meyy 27 nuu nadanna lelathil addeham 36,000 poundinu bhoomi vaangi. rambottathinoppam, barton raittum puthiya locomotive jolikal aasoothranam cheyyaan thudangi, adutha varsham nirmmaanam aarambhichu. ennaal horwich lokkomotteevukalude nirmmanavum attakuttappanikalum aarambhikkunnathin munbu, 1886 juun 23 nuu barton raitt thante raaji samarppichu. 1886 juulai 14 nuu barton raittinte pingamiyaayi cheef mechanical enchineeyar enna puthiya padavi (munbu mattoru vyakthi, elendabluaarile rambottaminte pingamiyaaya francis vilyam web mathramaayirunnu eee padavi vahichirunnathu) aaspinaaline niyamichu. 1886 november 15nuu horvichil locomotive attakuttappanikal aarambhichu; 1888 januvariyil puthiya nirmmaanam aarambhichu, 1889 februvari 20nuu aadyathe puthiya locomotive vitharanam cheythu.
mattu bisinesses thalpparyangal.
lancashire aandu yorkshare reyilveyil ninnu viramicha sesham, barton raitt landanil enchineeyaraayi swakaarya praakteesil praveshikkukayum asam railway aandu trading kambaniyude director maarukayum cheythu. 1880kalil dakshinenthyayile nilgiri kunnukalile balmaadikal, bithrukaardu estettukal ennivayulppedeyulla theyilathottangal addeham swanthamaakki, pinneedu athu addehathinte puthranmaar kaikaaryam cheythu. 1885 muthal porchugalile alentejo mekhalayile odemirayil addeham thante makan edward vilyaminoppam dhaatu elavukalil nikshepam nadatthi, athu vijayichilla. indiayil addeham madras volunteer gaardukalil mejaraayi sevanamanushtichu (1876 ll viramichu). 
1892-ll bhaaryayude maranathethudarnnu addeham doverylake viramikkukayum 1907-ll sussexile sent leonards-oonn-seeyilekk maarukayum avidevechu 1915 meyy 7-nuu 86-aamm vayassil marikkukayum cheythu.
madraasayile ayanaavarathe barton raitt roadinu addehathinte peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath.
kudumbam.
1858ll englandil avadhiyilayirunnappol barton raitt jaanett forlongine vivaham kazhichu. colonial victoriyayileyum nyoo southu veyilsileyum idayanum raashtreeyakkaaranumaaya vilyam forlonginte makalum australian pioneer breeder merino sheeps, elisa forlonginte kochumakalumaanu avar. avarkk aarr aanmakkalum moonnu penmakkalum undaayirunnu. addehathinte moonnaamathe makan edward vilyam barton-raitt paashchaathyalokathu eshyan aayodhanakalayude oru munnira promoteraayirunnu "bartitsu" kaanuka. addehathinte sahodari lydia, mapperton housile, lodezhs courtile, dorsettile bothenhamptonile, northamberlandile liie haalile, randaamathe baaranat sarr molineux nepiyane vivaham kazhichu. joonn paarinte (thokku nirmmaathaav) cherumakanaayirunnu addeham.
locomotive designukal.
mile platingil lairinte locomotive varkkukalil nirmmicha avasaanathe lokkomotteevukalaayirunu <aii. dii. 1> ll nirmmicha 528 classile naalpat <aii. dii. 2> kall.
illa. 1877 juunil nirmmicha 528 classil 553 ennam 1964 septambaril sevanathil ninnu pinvalicha avasaanathe lyre locomotive aayirunnu-87 varshathe ayuss. athinte classile mattullavareppole, ithu oru 0-6-0 stettayi punarnirmikkappettu-ithu 1891 eprilil sambhavichu. ithu lms nambar aayi punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu. 11305. horvichil ninnu pinmarunna jolikalilonnaayaan athu jeevithathinte avasana bhagam chelavazhichathu, avide upayogichirunna mattu lokomotteevukaleppole, sarvees stokkilekku maattukayum orikkalum oru bii. aarr nambar nalkaathirikkukayum cheythu.