
guruthwaakarshanam

gauravathe" soochippikkunna purathana roman sadgunangalilonnaanu graavitaas (). bharam, anthass, praadhaanyam enningane vividha tharatthil vivarthanam cheyyappedunna ithu samyamanatheyum dhaarmika kaadinyatheyum soochippikkunnu. ithu utharavaadithabodhavum chumathalayodulla prathibaddhathayum ariyikkunnu.
peetaas" (achadakkavum adikaaravum sambandhicha), "serittaas", "gloria", "symplicitas" (lucidity), "integrittaas", "dignitas", "vertus" ennivaykkoppam, nethaakkalile oru anuyojyamaaya swabhaavamaayi guruthwaakarshanavum prathyekichum vilamathikkapettu. "guruthwaakarshana", "sadgunangal" enniva mattullavare apekshichu kooduthal canonical gunangalayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
roman ashayam.
"pouranmaare, prathyekichu raashtrathanthranjare, roman enna ashayam ulkkollaan anuvadicha gunangalilonnaanu 'graavitaas', ithu roman ennathinte ardhathe soochippikkunnu, romakkar svayam engane kanakkakkunnu, oduvil oru deseeya swabhaavamaayi parinamikkunnu. pala roman thathwachinthakarum "konstaantiya" (sthirothsaaham, sahishnutha, dhairyam), "anthass", "guruthwaakarshanam" ennivaye ettavum pradhanappetta gunangalayi prashamsichu; ithu manyaraaya manushyare praaptharaakkiyathukondaanu. roman pravartthanangale anugamikkunna adhika aashayangalaaniva. bharanakakshikalaya uyarnna, uyarnna madhyavarga vibhaagangalile purushanmaar paatyapadhathiyude adisthaana gadakangalaaya classical bhashayum saahityavum roopappeduthiya oru pothu vidyaalaya samvidaanathilaanu vidyaabhyaasam nediyathu.
prathyekichu, gauravabodham allengil maanyavum gauravameriyathumaaya perumaattam romakkare yaadhaasthithikathayudeyum paarambaryavaadatthinteyum sthiramaaya ghadakam nilanirthaan anuvadichu. roman chakravarty thathwachinthakanumaaya marcus ooreliyasinte abhipraayathil, "guruthwaakarshana" thinte krishi aathmaarthathayodum anthassode koodi pravartthikkunnu, ithu mithasheethoshnamaaya reethiyilum samsaarathilum athupole thanne adhikaarathode svayam vahikkunnathiloodeyum nedaamennu parayappedunnu.
mattu srothassukal ithine karsanamaaya jeevithashailiyumaayi bandhappeduthunnu, ithu roman "sensorukal" prayogichirunna amgeekritha niyanthranatthinte dhaarmika aditharakalilonnaanu (roman censorukal kaanuka). thangalude pothupravartthanangal anthassodeyum "guruthwaakarshanathodeyum" nirvahikkunnathil paraajayappettathin "romanitas" maanadandangal paalikkunnillenn manassilakkiya pazhaya raashtrathanthranjar aathmahathya cheiyukayo bhakshanam kazhikkaan visammathikkukayo cheythathenganeyennu oru vivaranam vivarikkunnu. romacar thangaleyum avarude bahumaanatheyum engane nirvachichu ennathinekkurichaanu ithu aashankappeduthiyathu.
augustasinte bharanakaalathu, roman chakravartthiyude kettukadhayum oru nalla bharanaadhikaariyude maathrkayum sthaapikkunnathinaayi avatharippicha naalu pradhana gunangalil ("vertus", "clemensia", "justicia", "piyattas") "graavitaas" ulppeduthiyitla.
greak saannidhyam.
vyakthiparamaaya saannidhyathinte oru valia gadakamaaya bodhyappeduthunna aashayavinimayathinte moonnu avashyaghadakangal aristottil thiricharinju
aadhunika ashayangal.
britiish vidyaabhyaasa sanbradaayathil, victorian, edwardian kaalaghattangalil engleesh maanyante dhaarmika roopeekaranathinte sthambhangalilonnayi "guruthwaakarshanam" kaanapettu. poolish, reethiyil krupa, baahya roopathil anthass ennivaye soochippikkunna prabhukka vamshavali enna aashayathil ninnaan ithu bhaagikamaayi uruthirinjathu. britiish saamrajyam "imperium" enna dhaarmika aashayathil ninnu uruthirinjathinaal "guruthwaakarshanavum mattu roman sadgunangalum athinte saamraajyathva samoohathilum athinte aadhipathyathinte bharanathilum aadarshavalkkarikkappettu. udaaharanathinu, roman sadgunangalaal sambannaraaya purushanmaaraan india bharichirunnathu. imperium" enna ashayavum colonial sivil sarveesil aadhipathyam pulartthi. yunaittad kingdom house oof koomans "gravitas" ennathinte yaadhaasthithika kodaaya "bottom" enna padavum upayogikkunnu.
"guruthwaakarshanam" ashayavinimayathilum upayogikkunnu, prathyekichu samsaarathilum, chila vaakkukalkk praadhaanyam nalkunnathinaayi oonnal nalkunnathine ithu soochippikkunnu. svayam nireekshikkunna chodyangalkku avishkaara swabhaavavum vikaraparamaaya prakadanavum nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum, ithu oraal svayam perumaarunna reethiyilo samsaarikkunna reethiyilo "guruthwaakarshanathilekku" vivarthanam cheyyaan kazhiyum. svayam nireekshikkunna chodyangalil ulppedaam, svayam chodikkuka njaan nishpakshatha paalikkukayaano, dishaye thadassappeduthukayaano atho ente pankaalitthatthode sambhavana cheyyaan njaan sahaayikkunnundo?