
poost oafees paakkat sevanam

poost oafees paakkat sevanam tudor kaalaghattam muthalullathaanu, 1823 ll admiraltti sevanathinte niyanthranam ettedukkunnathuvare ithu pravarthichu. britiish embassykal, kolanikal, autposttukal ennivayilekkum meyil paakkattukal kondupokaan aadyam poost oafees paakkat kappalukal upayogichirunnu. kappalukal saadhaaranayaayi swarnam, swakaarya saadhanangal, yaathrakkaar ennivayum vahichirunnu. kappalukal saadhaaranayaayi cheria aayudhadhaarikalaayirunnu, avayude surakshaykkaayi vegathaye aashrayichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, pathinettaam noottaandilum pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum brittan eathaandu thudarchayaayi yudhathilaayirunnu, athinte falamaayi paakkat kappalukal shatru yudhakkappalukalumaayum svakaaryarumaayum naavika edapedalukalil earppedukayum idaykkide pidichedukkappedukayum cheythu.
vazhikal.
vadakkan europe.
kentile dover, essexile harwich muthal hollandinteyum heligolaantinteyum hook aaya kalais vare vividha samayangalil roottukal sanjarichu.
ireland.
saadhaarana paakkat root hollyheadle ninnu anglesi, weils muthal doublin allengil dunn logair (munbu kingstaun) vareyayirunnu. menaayi thookkumarathinu mukaliloode holihedumaayi landanine bandhippikkunnathinaayi thomas telford oru puthiya rooad nirmmichu. manushyante dveepilekkulla oru pathayum undaayirunnu.
steshanukal.
dover, harwich, grettu yaarmouthu, faalmouthu, plymouth, milford heven, hollyhead ennivayaayirunnu paakkat kappalukal purappetta steshanukal.
faalmouthu steshan.
1688 muthal oru paakkat steshanaayirunnu faalmouthu, arther norway (1895), susanne geey (1903), tonny pavlin (2003) ennivarude patana vishayamaan eee steshan. pathinettaam noottaandinte bhooribhaagavum pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkavum brittan yudhathilaayirunnu. konvaalile faalmouthinte sthaanam shatru naavika kappalukaludeyum swakaarya kappalukaludeyum kappalukaliloode meyil vijayakaramaayi kaimaran anukoolamaayirunnu. europile pradhana bhoopradeshavumaayulla britiish vyapaaravum ashayavinimayavum ozhivakkaan sramichukondu nepolian thante bhookhanda sambradaayam nadappaakkiyathode faalmouthu steshante moolyam vardhichu.
1810ll faalmouthile paakkat sevanathile aalukal shambala nilavaarathecholli kalapam nadatthi. munbu, naavikark avarude swantham akkoundinaayi vyapaaram nadatthaan adhikaaramundaayirunnu. ithu kallakkadathu ennu nirodhichappol, athinte falamaayundaakunna varumaananashtathe avar ethirthu.
kappalukal kaikaaryam cheyyaan visammathichathin shikshayaayi poost oafees faalmouthu paakkat steshan plaimouthilekku maatti. faalmouthil ninnulla oru prathinidhi samghavum konvaalile naalppathinaalu paarlament amgangalum postmaastar generalinteyum echhem treasuryudeyum valareyadhikam lobying nadatthi. fovi oru badal steshanaayi pariganicha sesham, 1811 januvariyil faalmouthilekku sevanam thirike nalkaan poost oafees sammathichu.
1843-ll faalmouthu vyapaarikal echu.emm. paakkat steshan ippol railway sevanamanushtichirunna southhaamptanilekku maattillenn sarkkar. 1851 epril 30nuu avasana paakkat faalmouthil ethi, konvaal railway 1863 vare faalmouthil athiyilla.
yudhakaala sevanam.
paakkattukal chilappol sathruthayulla kappalukale abhimukeekarikkukayum kooduthalo kuravo vijayikkukayum cheyyum.
franchukaar addehathinte raajaavinte paakkat maan moonnu thavana pidichedutthu, ennaal athinidayil, 1793 desember 1 nuu avar pooraadukayum "atlaant" enna franch svakaaryakkaarane pidikoodukayum cheythu. thokkukalillaathavarum ennathil kooduthalumaaya moonnu udyogastharum kollappedukayo parikkelkkukayo cheythappol "maanthrikante samgham" oru nirashaajanakamaaya poraattatthinu sesham vijayichu.
1798 juun 21nuu kyapttan jeey. rajakumari rajakumarikku keezhil. skinner, newyorkkilekku meyil kondupokumbol oru franch swakaarya brigade samghathe kandumutty. aarr peerankikalulla paakkattil 49 perr undaayirunnu, avaril chilar yaathrakkaarum aankuttikalumaayirunnu. ennittum, rund manikkoor neenda ettumuttal thudarnnu, eee samayat yaathrakkaar cheria thokkukal upayogichu vediyuthirthu. oduvil, svakaaryakkaaran pinmari kappalmatti. pathinaalu neelamulla 4 poundar thokkukalum rund 12 poundar thokkukalum ulla bordo "avantar" aayirunnu svakaaryathaaramennu pilkkala vivarangal soochippikkunnu, koodaathe 85 peradangunna oru samghavum undaayirunnu. vivaahanishchayathil avalkk rund perr kollappedukayum naalu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu, avalkk attakuttappanikalkkayi swantham thuramukhathekku madangendivannu.
1800 meyy 15nuu paakkat jeninte avasaanathe kyapttan neuman kilderinte lisbon paakkat markvis pidichedutthu. oru franch svakaaryakkaaran "jaine" pidichedutthappol, athu neuman addehathinte chila jeevanakkarum lisbanilekku pookaan anuvadichu. epril 29nuu avar lisbonil ninnu faalmouthilekku pookunna "markvis oof kildare" enna kappalil yaathrathirichu. randaazhchaykku sesham, oru franch svakaaryakkaaran "markvis oof kildare" pidichedukkukayum avarude captaneyum offeesarmaareyum mikkavarum ellah crewineyum kondupoyi, olichupoya moonnu perr ozhike; neuman naalu crewe, moonnu yaathrakkaarum, oru sthriyum avalude rogiyaaya sahodaran pithavum, boatil thaamasichu. svakaaryakkaaran oru prais maastareyum 17 jeevanakkarum vimaanathil kayatti, avar avale koroonayilekku nayichu. avar koroonayil ninnu ekadesham aarr leegukalaayirunnappol, oru pisttal surakshithamakkaan kazhinja neuman, katlas boarding paikkukalum surakshithamaakkiya addehathinte kroovinu deckil ninnu franch kroovine pinthudarukayum kappal pidichedukkukayum cheythu. neuman franch sammana samghathe oru neenda boatil, saadhanangalumaayi, athikkukayum avare kuzhanjuveezhthukayum cheythu. kooduthal kashtappaadukalkk sesham, "markvis oof kildare" meyy 31 nuu konvaalile steevsil ethi.
1807 october 1 nuu paakkat kappal winder kotta ethirkkukayum kooduthal aayudhadhaariyaaya franch svakaaryathaaramaaya "juun richaardine" pidichedukkukayum cheythappol mattoru sradheyamaaya poraattam nadannu. aaa aakshan rakthasaakshithvamullathum britiish samghathinte dheerata maadhyamashradha aakarshichathum aayirunnu.
1812leeii yudhathinte thudakkathil, american swakaarya kambaniyaaya "rossie" yile joshuva barney 1812 septambar 16nuu hraswavum ennaal theevravumaaya oru poraattatthinushesham meyil paakkat pidichedutthu. "rossie" 10 12-poundar thokkukalum oru neelamulla 9-poundarum oru pivattil aayudhamaakkiyirunnu, koodaathe 95 peradangunna oru samghavumundaayirunnu; "amelia rajakumari" naalu 6-poundarukalum rund 9-poundarukalum aayudhamaakkiyirunnu, koodaathe 28 peradangunna oru samghavumundaayirunnu. "amelia rajakumari" thante kyapttan ulppede moonnu pere nashtappedukayum 11 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythathine thudarnnu adikkendivannu.
admiraltti niyanthranam.
1823ll, paakkat sevanathinte bharanam admiraltti etteduthu. nepolian yudhangalude avasaanathethudarnnundaaya samaadhaanathaal anaavasyamaaya pazhaya paakkat kappalukalkk pakaram naavika kappalukal sthaapichu.
1830kalil neeravi kappalukal kappal neekkathinu pakaram vaykkaan thudangi, ithu kooduthal pathivaayathum pravachanatheethavumaaya sevanam pravarthippikkaan praapthamakki.
kaalakramena, paakkat steshanukalude ekeekaranam undaayi. mikka roottukalum railway vazhi landanumaayi bandhippichirunna southhaamptanilekku maatti. livarpool (1840 muthal), plymouth (1850 muthal) ennivayaanu mattu thuramukhangal kaikaaryam cheiyunna paakkattukal.
1850ll sarkkar paakkat sevanam pirichuvittu. pakaram, tapal oafees mattu pathivayi samayakramathilulla sevanangal nadathunna kambanikalumaayi meyil kondupokunnathinaayi karar cheythu. meyil kondupokaanulla kararulla kappalukale royal meyil ship ennu namakaranam cheythu. admiral paari aanu eee maattam kaikaaryam cheythath.
pinneedulla sambhavavikasangal.
"paakkat vyaapaarathilennapole, audyogika poost oafees meyil vahichalum illengilum, yaathrakkaare vahikkunna oru pathivayi shedule cheytha kappalaan paakkat ennathukondu ardhamaakkunnathu.