
berkley software vitharanathinte charithram

1970kalil berkley software vitharanathinte charithram aarambikkunnu.
1bsd (pdp-11).
1970kalil bell laabukalil ninnu yuniksinte aadyakaala vitharanagalil operating systethilekkulla sozhs coode ulppedunnu, ithu sarvakalaashaalakalile gaveshakarkk unix parishkkarikkanum vipuleekarikkanum anuvadikkunnu. unix aadyamaayi avatharippicha operating sisttam thathwangalekkurichulla simposiyathinte prograam kammittiyil undaayirunna computer sayans professor bob fabriyude abhyarthana maanich 1974-ll operating sisttam berkleyiletthi. sisttam pravarthippikkunnathinna oru pii. dii. pii-<aii. dii. 1> vaangi, ennaal bajatt kaaranangalal, eee yanthram berkleyile ganitha, statistiks grouppukalumaayi pankittu, avar aarr. ezz. tii. ezz upayogichu, athinaal unix mesheenil prathidinam ettu manikkoor maathrame pravartthikkoo (chilappol pakal, chilappol ratri). ingress daattaabes projakttil ninnulla panam upayogichu adutha varsham berkleyil oru valia pdp-11/70 sthaapichu.
1975-ll kenn thompson bell laabukalil ninnu oru vishramam eduthu oru visitting professoraayi berkleyil ethi. unix 6 pathipp instaal cheyyaan addeham sahayikkukayum systethinaayi oru pascal nadappakkalil pravartthikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. biruda vidyaarthikalaaya chuck hally bill joiyum thompsante pascal mechappeduthukayum mechappetta tekst edittar nadappilaakkukayum cheythu. mattu sarvakalashaalakal berkleyile softweyaril thaalparyam prakadippichu, athinaal 1977 ll joy aadyathe berkley software distribution (1bsd) samaharikkaan thudangi, athu 1978 march 9 nuu puratthirangi. 1bsd oru samboornna operating systethekkaal pathipp 6 yuniksinte aadu-oonaayirunnu. ekadesham muppatholam koppikal ayachu.
2bsd (pdp-11).
1979 meyy maasathil purathirangiya randaamathe berkley software vitharanathil (2bsd) 1bsd softweyarinte update cheytha pathippukalum innum unix sisttangalil nilanilkkunna rund puthiya prograamukalum ulppedunnu viai tekst edittar (ex-nte vishwal pathipp), sii shell. 2bsdaooteey ekadesham 75 koppikal bill joy ayachu. irupathiyaaru computerukal vare bandhippikkanum imeyil, phayal kaimaattam nalkaanum kazhiyunna berknett enna networking paakkej, thante maastezhs theesis varkkinte bhaagamaayi eric shmidt vikasippicheduthirunnu.
computerukalude vaaks laininaayi 3bsd (chuvade kaanuka) purathuvannathinuseshavum, pdp-11-nulla 2bsdaooteey puthiya releasukal ippozhum eusenics vazhi vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythu; udaaharanathinu, 1982-leeii 2.8.1bsd-ll unix pathipp 7-leeii prakadana prasnangalkkulla parihaarangalude oru shekharam ulppeduthukayum pinneedu purathirakkiyavayil bsdude vaaks adisthaanamaakkiyulla releasukalil ninnu pdp-11 aarkkitekcharilekku maattangalude porttukal ulppeduthukayum cheythu. 2.1983 muthal 9bsd-yill 4.1cbsd ll ninnulla coode ulppeduthiyittundu, koodaathe oru koottam aaplikkeshanukalum paachukalum ennathinekkaal poornnamaaya oesu (parishkaricha vii7 unix) aayirunnu ithu.
ettavum puthiya pathippaya 2.11bsd aadyamaayi purathirangiyathu 1991laanu. 21-aamm noottaandil, sannadhapravarthakaril ninnulla attakuttappanikal thudarnnu paachu #481 2023 epril 28 nuu puratthirangi.
3bsd.
1978ll berkleyil oru vaaks computer instaal cheythenkilum vaaks aarkkitekcharilekkulla yuniksinte portt, unix/32vii, vaaksinte vertual memory kazhivukal prayojanappedutthiyilla. 32vii yude kernel pradhaanamaayum berkley biruda vidyaarthi isalp babavolu oru vertual memory nadappaakkal ulppeduthunnathinaayi maatti ezhuthukayum puthiya kernel, vaaksilekkulla 2bsd yoottilittikalude porttukal, 32vii yill ninnulla yoottilittikal enniva ulppedunna oru samboornna operating sisttam 1979 avasaanathode 3bsd aayi purathirakkukayum cheythu. 3bsd vertual vaaks/unix allengil vumuniks (vertual memory unixinu) ennum 3bsd vilikkunnu, bsd kernel emejukale saadhaaranayaayi coach _ 1 muthal 4.4bsd vare vilikkunnu.
3bsdaooteey vijayam berkleyude computer systems research groupinu (csrg) dhanasahayam nalkaanulla defense advanced research project ejansiyude (darppa) theerumaanatthil oru pradhana gadakamaayirunnu, ithu vlc projakttil bhaaviyile darppa gaveshanathinaayi oru staanderd unix plaattphom vikasippikkum.
4bsd.
4bsd (november 1980) 3bsd-yill niravadhi mechappeduthalukal vaagdaanam cheythu, prathyekichu munbu puratthirakkiya csh, delivarimeyil (sendmailinte mungaamikal), "vishwasaneeyamaaya" signalukal, shaapangalude prograaming library ennivayile thozhil niyanthranam. 1985ll bii. ezz. dii releasukalude avalokanathil joonn quarterman thudangiyavar paranju.", addeham ezhuthi
4.1basdi.
4.prabalamaaya vaaks operating sisttamaaya vii. emm. esumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol bsdude prakadanathekkurichulla vimarshanangalodulla prathikaranamaayirunnu 1bsd (juun 1981). niravadhi maanadandangalil vii. emm. esum prakadanam nadatthaan kazhiyunnathuvare <aii. dii. 1> kernel bill joy upayogichu chittayayi tyoon cheythu. releasine "5bsd" ennu vilikkumaayirunnu, ennaal eiii. tii. & tiyude athirppukalethudarnnu peru maatti; eiii. tii. & tiyude unix sisttam vii. yumayi ashayakkuzhappam undennu eiii. tii. & tii bhayapettu. niravadhi tapeukal prathyakshappettittundu, ellaam 4.1bsd ennu parayunna oru label ullavayaanengilum tapeukal thammilulla vyathyaasangal undu. kuranjathu 1981 november 15 muthal 1983 septambar 30 vare praabalyatthil vanna arpa, oordar nambar 4031, karar enn 00039-82-sii-0235 ennivayulppedeyulla srothassukalil ninnaan 4.1bsd muthal 4.2bsd vare nayikkunna software vikasanathinu dhanasahayam nalkiyathu.
4.2bsd.
4.2bsd (august 1983) nadappakkaan rund varshathiladhikam edukkukayum niravadhi pradhana parishkaranangal ulkkollukayum cheythu. audyogikamaayi purathirangunnathinumbu moonnu intermediat pathippukal vannu 1982 epril muthal 4.1eiii bii. bii. enninte praadhamika tcp/aipi nadappaakkalinte oru parishkaricha pathipp ulppeduthi; 1982 juun muthal 4.1bii marshell kirk macusic nadappilaakkiya puthiya berkley phaast phayal sisttam ulppeduthi; 1983 eprilil 4.1sii <aii. dii. 1> nte vikasanathinte avasana maasangalil oru idakkaala releasaayirunnu. bell laabukalil, yuniksinte gaveshanathinte ettaam pathippinte adisthaanamaayi 4.1cbsd maari, koodaathe emm. tii. sinuvil ninnu vaanijyaparamaayi pinthunaykkunna oru pathipp labhyamaayirunnu.
aii. dii. 1"-nte roopakalppanaye nayikkunnathinayi, yuu. sii. biyile bob fabri, bill joy, saam lefler, bii. bii. ennil ninnulla alan nemeth, roob gurvitts, bell laabukalil ninnulla dennis richi, staanfordil ninnulla keytt laants, karnegi mellonil ninnulla rick rashid, mittil ninnulla bert halsted, aii. essy. yill ninnulla daan linch, jerald jeey ennivaradangiya oru "steering kammitti" darppayile duwain aadangal roopeekarichu. yuu. sii. ell. eyude popec. 1981 epril muthal 1983 juun vare samiti yogam chernnu.
phaast phayal systethinu purame, disk kwaattakalum thozhil niyanthranavum ulppede purathuninnulla sambhaavakaril ninnulla niravadhi savisheshathakal sweekarichu. sann microsistangal purathirakkunnathinu munbu athinte motorola 68000 mesheenukalil parisodhana nalki, ithu sisttathinte portability urappaakkunnu.
audyogikamaaya 'aii. dii. 1' purathirangiyathu 1983 augustilaanu. 1982ll sann microsistangal sthaapikkaan bill joy purappettathinusesham purathirangiya aadya pathippaya ithu shradheyamaayirunnu; mike carrels marshell kirk mccussic aaa ghattathil ninnu padhathikkullil neethrthwaparamaaya rolukal etteduthu. lalithamaaya oru kurippil, eusenics vitharanam cheytha achadicha maanuvalukalude puramchattayil prathyakshappetta joonn laassettarinte oru droingle bsdude dimon maaskottinte arangettavum ithu adayaalappeduthi.
4.3bsd.
4.1986 juunil 3bsd puratthirangi. athinte pradhana mattangal 4.2bsd-nte puthiya sambhaavanakalil palathinteyum prakadanam mechappeduthuka ennathaayirunnu, avaa 4.1bsd coode pole valareyadhikam tyoon cheythitilla. release cheiyunnathinu munbu, tii. sii. pii/aipi nadappaakkunnathu bii. bii. enn.-nte audyogika nadappakkalil ninnu ganyamaayi vyathichalichirunnu. niravadhi maasathe parishodhanaykk sesham, 4.2bsd pathipp mikachathaanennum 4.3bsd ll thudarumennum darpa nirnnayichu. (internettinte charithravum kaanuka.)
4.3bsd nuu sesham, bsd vaardhakyamulla vaaks plaattphomil ninnu maarumennu nirnnayichu. computer kansolukal incorporation vikasippichedutha power <aii. dii. 1> plaattphom ("taho" enna coode namam). akkaalat athu prateeksha nalkunnathaanennu thonniyengilum taamasiyaathe athinte developermar athu upekshichu. ennirunnaalum, 4.3bsd-tahoe portt (juun 1988) moolyavathaanennu thelinju, kaaranam ithu bsdyil mesheen-ashrithavum mesheen-swathanthravumaaya coode verthirikkunnathilekku nayichu, ithu sisttathinte bhaavi portability mechappeduthum.
portabilitic purame, osi network protocol staakk nadappaakkal, kernel vertual memory sisttathile mechappeduthalukal, (elblinte vaan jacobson upayogichu) internettinte valarchaye ulkkollunnathinayi puthiya tcp/aipi algorithangal ennivayil csrg pravarthichu.
athuvare, bsdude ellah pathippukalum aandu tii unix coode ulppeduthiyirunnu, athinaal avaa aandu tii software licensinu vidheyamaayirunnu. sozhs coode licensukal valare chelaveriyathaayi maarukayum niravadhi purathuninnulla kakshikal networking kodinte oru prathyeka pathippil thaalparyam prakadippikkukayum cheythu, ithu poornnamaayum tii & tick purathu vikasippicheduthathum licensing aavasyakathaykku vidheyamallaathathumaan. ithu networking release 1 (nettu/1) lake nayichu, ithu eiii. tii & tii kodinte licencillaathavarkku labhyamakki, bsd licensinte nibandhanakal prakaram soujanyamaayi punarvitharanam cheyyappettu. 1989 juunil ithu puratthirangi.
4.1990-nte thudakkathil 3bsd-reno vannu. ithu 4.4bsd-nte aadyakaala vikasanathinte oru idakkaala releasaayirunnu, athinte upayogam oru "choothaattam" aayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, athinaal nevadayile renoyude choothaatta kendratthinte peraanu ithinu nalkiyirikkunnath. eee release vyakthamaayi posics palikkalilekku neengi. puthiya savisheshathakalil uttayude "echpbsd" portt sarvakalashaalayil ninnu uthbhavicha echpi 9000 shreniyilulla computerukalkkulla pinthuna, oru staattas qee ("sii. tii. aarr. ell-tii"), guelf sarvakalashaalayil ninnulla oru enn. eph. ezz nadappaakkal enniva ulppedunnu.
2006 augustil "information weak" maasika "ithuvare ezhuthappettathil vachu ettavum mikacha software" ennu 4.3bsd neey vilayiruthi. avar abhiprayappettu "bsd 4.3 internettinte ettavum valia saidhaanthika aditharaye prathinidheekarikkunnu."
nettu/2 umm niyamaparamaaya prashnangalum.
nettu/1 nuu sesham, bsd developer keeth boostik bsd sisttathinte kooduthal noonn-aandu tii vibhagangal nettu/1 nte athe licensinu keezhil purathirakkanamennu nirddeshichu. ithinaayi, eiii. tii & tii coode upayogikkaathe mikka staanderd unix yoottilittikalum punarnirmmikkunnathinulla oru padhathi addeham aarambhichu. udaaharanathinu, edinte yadhaartha unix pathippine adisthaanamaakkiyulla vi, nvi (puthiya vi) ennu mattiyezhuthi. pathinettu maasathinullil, ellah eiii. tii. aandu tii yoottilittikalum maattisthaapichu, koodaathe kurachu eiii. tii. aandu tii fayalukal maathrame kernelil avasheshikkunnulloo ennu nirnnayichu. eee fayalukal neekkam cheyyukayum 1991 juunil networking release 2 (nettu/2) purathirakkukayum cheythu, ithu eathaandu poornnamaaya operating sistamaayirunnu.
intal 80386 vaasthuvidyayilekku bsdude rund vyathyastha thuramukhangalude adisthaanamaayirunnu nettu/2: vilyam jolitsinte soujanya 386bsd, berkley software design (bsdi) udamasthaavakaasha bsd/386 (pinneedu bsd/oesu ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu). 386bsd hraswakaalathekkaayirunnum taamasiyaathe aarambhicha netbsd, freebsd projaktukalude prarambha coode bays aayi maari.
aandu tiyude unix sisttam laborattarikalude (usl) anubandha sthaapanavum pinneedu sisttam vii pakarppavakaashatthinteyum unix vyaapaaramudrayudeyum udamakalum udan thanne niyamaparamaaya prasnangalil akappettu. yuu. ezz. ell vii. 1992 eprilil bii. ezz. dii. aii. cases phayal cheyyukayum uravidathile yuu. ezz. ellinte pakarppavakasha avakaashavaadangalude saadhuta nirnnayikkunnathuvare nettu/2 vitharanam cheiyunnathinulla utharavilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.
avarude niyamaparamaaya nila chodyam cheyyappedumbol ekadesham rund varshatholam bii. ezz. diyude swatantra software pingaamikalude vikasanam eee cases mandagathiyilaakki, athinte falamaayi atharam niyamaparamaaya avyakthathayillaatha linux kerneline adisthaanamaakkiyulla samvidaanangalkku kooduthal pinthuna labhichu. 1992 vare purathirangiyittillenge 386bsdaooteey vikasanam linuxinte vikasanathinu munbaayirunnu. akkaalat 386bsd allengil gnu kernel labhyamaayirunnenkil addeham orupakshe linux srishtikkumaayirunnilla ennu linus torwalds paranju.
4.4bsd pingaamikalum.
1992 augustil, 4.4bsd-alpha puratthirangi. 1993 juunil, yuu. ezz. ell. licensukalkku maathram <aii. dii. 1> puratthirakki.
1994 januvariyil berklick anukoolamaayi cases theerppaakki. berkley vitharanathile 18,000 fayalukalil moonnennam maathrame neekkam cheyyendivannulloo, 70 ennam maathramaan yuu. ezz. ell pakarppavakasha ariyippukal kaanikkunnathinaayi parishkkarichathu. varaanirikkunna 4.4bsd releasile berkley udamasthathayilulla kodinte upayokthakkalkkum vitharanakkarkkumethire yuu. ezz. ell kooduthal kesukal phayal cheyyilla ennathaayirunnu othutheerppinte mattoru vyavastha. marshell kirk macusic vyavahaaravum athinte phalavum samgrahikkunnu
1994 maarchil, yuu. ezz. ell. sozhs licenses aavasyamillaathathum yadhaartha 'aii. dii. 1' releasinekkaal mattu niravadhi maattangalum ulkkollunnathumaaya 'aii. dii. 2' puratthirangi.
1995-ll purathirangiya 'aii. dii. 1' enna chithram 2-aamm pathippil ninnu sii. ezz. aarr. jii. pirichuvidukayum berkleyil bsdude vikasanam avasanippikkukayum cheythu. athinusesham, neritto allaatheyo 4.4bsd-lite adisthaanamaakkiyulla niravadhi vakabhedangal (freebsd, netbsd, openbsd, dragonfly bsd enniva polullava) paripaalikkappettittund.
koodaathe, bsd licensinte anuvadaneeyamaaya swabhaavam soujanyavum udamasthaavakaashamullathumaaya mattu niravadhi operating sisttangale bsd coode ulppeduthaan anuvadichittundu. udaaharanathinu, microsopht windos tcp/aipi nadappaakkunnathil bsd-ll ninnu uruthirinja coode upayogikkukayum windos 2000 muthal bsdude command-line networking toolukalude punarsamkalanam cheytha pathippukal bundle cheyyukayum cheythu. aappilinte maakokal nirmmicha sisttamaaya darvinum 4.4bsd-lite2, freebsd ennivayude derivative aanu. solaris polulla vividha vaanijya unix operating sisttangalilum vyathyastha alavilulla bsd coode adangiyirikkunnu.
ganyamaaya bsd pingaamikal.
niravadhi operating sisttangalude aditharayaanu bsd. innu ivayil ettavum sradheyamaayathu orupakshe pradhana ooppan sozhs bsdkal aaya freebsd, netbsd, openbsd ennivayaanu, avayellaam 386bsd, 4.4bsd-lite ennivayil ninnu vividha roottukalil ninnu uruthirinjavayaanu. netbsd freebsd 1993-ll jeevitam aarambhichu, thudakkathil 386bsdaiill ninnu uruthirinjuvenkilum 1994-ll oru 4.4bsd-lite coode basilake maari. 1995ll netbiesdiyil ninnaan openbsd fork cheythath. sansu sunos, apple ink ennivayulppede niravadhi vaanijya operating sisttangal bhaagikamaayo poornnamaayo bsdo athinte pingaamikaleyo adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.'macos.
nilavile bsd operating sisttangalil bhooribhaagavum ooppan sozhsaanu, bsd licensinu keezhil daunlodu cheyyaan soujanyamaayi labhyamaan, ettavum sradheyamaaya apavaadam maakokalaan. hibrid kernelukal avatharippikkunna maakokalkkum dragonfly bsdk purame avar saadhaaranayaayi oru monolithic kernel vaasthuvidya upayogikkunnu. vividha ooppan sozhs bsd projaktukal saadhaaranayaayi kernel, userland prograamukalum librarikalum orumichu vikasippikkunnu, sozhs coode orotta kendra uravida shekharam upayogichu kaikaaryam cheiyunnu.
munkaalangalil, sansu sunos, seekvants dynix, adutha ghattam, dexinte ultricks, osf/1 axp (ippol true64 unix) thudangiya yuniksinte niravadhi udamasthaavakaasha pathippukalkk bsd oru adisthaanamaayi upayogichirunnu. adutha softweyarinte bhagangal pothuvipani vipaniyile ettavum vaanijyaparamaayi vijayakaramaya bsd vakabhedangalil onnaayi macosinte aditharayaayi maari.
bsdyil ninnu varunna unix pathippukaludeyum unix polulla operating sisttangaludeyum oru nirayil inipparayunnava ulppedunnu

