
anaappayude uparodham (1791)

juun 22 nuu (oo.) nadanna oru uparodhamaayirunnu anapa (;;).1791-ll russian saamrajyam russian-turkish yudhathinteyum russian-syrcassian yudhathinteyum bhaagamaayi syrcassiayile turkish niyantritha anapa kotta aakramichu.
sangraham.
munkaala sambhavangal.
biggurkhaale enna peril ariyappettirunna anapa, sirkaasiyanmaarude pradhana thuramukhangalilonnaanu. automan vyaapaarakkappalukalum missionarymaarum ivide pathivayi sandarshikkaarundaayirunnu.
catherine randaamante bharanakaalathu russian sainyam sarkkasiyayil praveshikkaan thudangukayum sarkasia vegathil kootticherkkaanulla shramathil kottakalude nirmmaanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. 1763ll russian sainyam kizhakkan sarkkaasiyayile mesduge (innathe mosdock) nagaram kaivashappedutthi, athine oru russian kottayaakki maatti. angane sirkasiyanmaarum russian saamrajyavum thammilulla aadya sathrutha aarambhichu. syrcassianmaar ottomanmarodu aavarthichu sahayam chodichenkilum falamundaayilla.
1774leeii kukkuk kayarka udambadiyiloode automan saamraajyathin crimean khaanettinulla samrakshanam nashtappettu. russiakkaar syrcasia pidichedukkaanulla russian-syrcassian yudhathil avarude sramangal thudarnnu. syrcassianmar ottomanmaaril ninnu sahayavum sakhyavum abhyarthichu. sircasiayile sogujaakhinte kaavalkkaaranaayi ferra alii pasha automanmaar niyamichu.
1781ll karinkadalinte kizhakkan theerathu franch enchineeyarmaarude neethrthwathil automans sircasiayil turkish swaadheenam urappakkunnathinum cubanilum donilum krimiyayilum rashyaykkethiraaya bhaavi pravarthanangalkkulla oru aditharayaayi sakthamaaya oru kotta nirmmichu. kadalilekku neendunilkkunna oru promontaryil nirmmicha eee kotta moonnu vashathum kadalinodu chernnukidakkunnu. uyarnna kothalavum mathilukalulla aazhathilulla kuzhiyum samrakshichirunna eee pradeshathodu chernnulla oru kizhakkan bhagam maathrame undaayirunnulloo. shaafttum kuzhiyum bhaagikamaayi kallukondu nirmmikkukayum shafttil 4 kothalangal nirmmikkukayum kottayude kavaadangal samrakshikkunnathinulla sakthamaaya kotta nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
1790ll general yoori bogdanovichu bibikovinte neethrthwathilulla oru valia russian sainyam kuban nadhi kadannu padinjaaran sarkasia pradeshathu praveshichu. bbkovinu anaappayilethaan kazhinjenkilum kotta pidichedukkaan kazhinjilla. pinvaangalinide addehathinu kanatha nashtangalum sambhavichu. eee paraajayathinu sesham, bbkovine thante sthaanathuninnu neekkam cheyyukayum russian kottakalile syrcassian attaakkalukal ganyamaayi vardhikkukayum cheythu.
gudovichinte pracharanam.
januvari 23nuu (oo.ezz.), 1791, kuban, kokkeshyan corpsinte commander-inn-cheefaayi niyamithanaaya general-ivaan gudovichinu prins jii. yill ninnu oru utharavu labhichu. eiii. anapa pidichedukkaan podemkin-tawrichesky. puthiya prachaaranatthinaayi, gudovic 15 battaaliyanukal, 3000 riflemanmar, 54 kuthirappada schwadronukal, 36 feeld thokkukalulla 2 cosac rejimentukal ennivayude oru ditaachment roopeekarichu. muun parajayangal kanakkileduthu prachaaranathinulla thayyaareduppukal valare gauravameriyathaayirunnu sainikarkk aavasyamaayathellaam nalki, pinn ashayavinimayangal cheria kottakalude oru shringalayude roopathil krameekarikkappettu (avarude gaarisanukalude ennam 2,500 perr vare aayirunnu), bhakshya gathagatham thayyarakki.
samghathinte aake ennam 15,000thiladhikam aayirunnu. anappa gaarisanil 15,000 thurkkikalum sarkkaasiyanukalum undaayirunnu, 95 thokkukalum thokkukalumaayi niravadhi kappalukalum thuramukhathundaayirunnu.
meyy 29nuu (oo.ezz.), 1791, gudovichinte sainyavibhagam kuban kadannu. russian camp sthaapikkukayum juunil 10 thokkukalkkulla aadyathe uparodha baattari sthaapikkukayum cheythu. turkish kottaye sahayikkaanulla shramathil eee pradeshathinaduthulla syrcassian gothrakkar gudovichinte camp aakramichu. sirkaasiyanmaarude sahaayathode anapa chhedikkaan gudovic niravadhi thanthrangal nadatthi. juunil, 32 thokkukalkkaayi 4 uparodha baattarikal koodi sthaapichu, thudarchayaaya bombaakramanatthil kottayil valia nasham sambhavichu, kotta peerankiyude oru bhagam nasippikkappettu.
kottayude kodunkaattu.
deerghakaala uparodhathin panamillaathathinaal, russiakkaar nirantharam pinnil ninnu akramikkukayum turkish kappalppada anaappayilekku kooduthal shakthippeduthunnathine vivarangal labikkukayum cheytha gudovic anappayil akramanam nadatthaan theerumaanichu. 5 aakramana nirakal roopeekarikkappettu, avayil naalennam kottayude thekkan bhagathaanu, avide athinte prathirodhatthinu ettavum kedupaadukal sambhavichu. anchaamathe koolam kadaltheerathu nagaratthilekku kadakkunna joliyumaayi shradha thirikkunna oru vazhithirivaayirunnu. pinnil ninnu malayorakkar aakramichaal muzhuvan kuthirapadayum 16 thokkukalum reservinu anuvadichu. 1791 juun 22 (juulai 3) ardharaathriyil, ellah uparodha baattarikalum kottayil sakthamaaya bombakramanam aarambhichu, athinte maravil aakramana nirakal rahasyamaayi avarude arambha lainukalil ethi.
turkish-syrcassian sainyathe nayichathu syrcassiaykku vendi poraadiya chechen sheikh mansoor ushurmayaan. pularche 4 maniyode akramanam aarambhichu. russian sainyam kuzhiyilekku kadannu mathilukal kayaran thudangi, pakshe avide avarkk prathirodhakkaril ninnu sakthamaaya thirichuvaravu nerittu. valia budhimuttode, aakramanakaarikalkk shaftilekku kadakkaan kazhinju, avide yuddham angeyattam kayperiyathilekku ethi.
akramanam aarambhichathin thottupinnaale, sirkkasiyanmaarudeyum tarkkukaludeyum 8000,000 sainikarude sainyam russian campilekku apratheekshithamaayi akramanam nadathiyenkilum athilekku kadakkaan kazhinjilla, oru kadutha yudhathinu sesham parajayappettu.
avasaanathe reserve yudhathilekku ayacha sesham, gudovic kottayude kavaadangalil akramanam nadatthi. avarkk pidichedukkaanum thurakkaanum kazhinju, athinusesham kuthirappadayude oru bhagam bhaagikamaayi kuthirappurathu, bhaagikamaayi erangunnathinidayil nagaratthilekku kadakkaan utharavittu. appol maathrame kaavalppadayude samghadithamaaya prathirodham thakarkkanum athine kadalilekku thirichukonduvaraan kazhiyukayulloo.
russian sainyam kottayil praveshichukazhinjaal, gudovichinte utharavanusarichu, anapa kotta thakarkkappedukayum kinarukal visham kalarthappedukayum veedukal kathikkukayum cheythu. kotta muzhuvan nasippikkappettu. kotta pidichadakkiyathinte oormmaykkaayi oru kavaadam maathrame avasheshichirunnulloo. athinusesham, russian sainyam oru kaalath shakthiyeriya turkish kottayude avashishtangal upekshichu. juulai 10nuu russian sainyam anappa vittu. 
anantharafalangal.
anaappayude nashtam turkey sarkkaarine syrcasia upekshichu russiayumaayi samadhaanam sthaapikkaan prerippikkukayum jassie udambadi oppidukayum cheythu. 
general gudovic thante reportil rajakumaaranaaya podemkinodu report cheythu
kottayude pathanam moolamundaaya prakshubdhathaye upayogappeduthi, feoder bursack padinjaaran sarkaasiyanmaarkkethire niravadhi reydukal samghadippikkukayum russian saamraajyathod vishwastharaayavar polum avar kaanunna sarcassian gramangal kathikkaan thante aalukalodu vyakthiparamayi utharavidukayum cheythu.
nashtam.
anchu manikkooriladikam yuddham neenduninnu. gaarisanil ekadesham 8,000 perr kollappedukayum 13,532 prathirodhakkaare thadavilaakkukayum cheythu. oru cheria bhagam (ekadesham 150 perr) kappalukalil rakshapettu. mikkavarum ellah peerankikalum (83 peerankikalum 12 mortaarukalum) pidichedukkukayo nasippikkukayo cheythu, 130 baanarukal eduthu.
russian bhaagath, russian sarkkar rekhakal anusarichu, 23 udyogastharum 1215 swakaarya udyogastharum kollappettu, 71 udyogastharkkum 2401 swakaarya vyakthikalkkum parikkettu.

