
seej oof aant verp (1914)

onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu kottakettya nagaramaya aant verppinu chuttum jarmman, beljian, britiish, franch sainyangal thammilulla oru ettumuttalaayirunnu aant verp (,,,) uparodham. 1914 augustil beljiyathe jarmman adhiniveshathinu sesham jarmman sainyam beljian kotta sainikarude oru gaarsan, beljian feeld armi, britiish royal neval division enniva aant verp eriyayil uparodhichu. deseeya redout ennariyappedunna kottakalaal chuttapetta eee nagaram thekkum kizhakkum jarmman sainyam uparodhichu.
aant verppile beljian sainyam septambar avasaanathilum october thudakkathilum moonnu parakkalukal nadatthi, ithu francilake sainyathe ayaykkanulla jarmman padhathikale thadassappeduthi, avide franch sainyatheyum britiish paryaveshana sena (bef) prathirodhikkaan shakthippeduthalukal aavashyamaayirunnu. kanathathum kanathathumaaya peerankikal upayogichu beljian kottakalude jarmman bombakramanam septambar 28 nuu aarambhichu. beljian gaarisanin aashwaasamillaathe vijayathinte prateeksha undaayirunnilla; october 3 muthal royal neval division athiyengilum jarmmankaar kottakalude puram valayathilekku thulachukayari. jarmman munnettam nagaratthinte padinjaaru ninnu dutch athirthiyil ninnu theerathekku oru idanaazhi churukkaan thudangiyappol, athiloode aant verppile beljiakkaar ozhikeyulla aalukalillaatha beljiyavumaayi bandham pulartthiyirunnappol, beljian feeld sainyam padinjarottu theerathekku pinwangan thudangi.
october 9nuu bakkiyulla kaaval seena keezhadangukayum jarmmankaar nagaram pidichedukkukayum chila britiish, beljian sainikar vadakku netherlandilekku rakshappedukayum yudhakaalathekku thadavilaakkappedukayum cheythu. aant verppil ninnulla beljian sainyam franch athirthikkaduthulla yesser nadiyilekku pinvaangukayum beljiyathinte avasaanathe adhiniveshamillaatha bhaagatthinte prathirodham aarambhikkunnathinayi kuzhichedukkukayum 1914 octoberilum novemberilum jarmman naalaamathe sainyathinethire yesser yuddham nadathukayum cheythu. 1918 avasaanathode beljiyathinte sakhya vimochanathil pankedukkunnathuvare beljian sainyam eee pradesham pidichedutthu.
pashchaathalam.
thanthraparamaaya pashchaathalam.
sainika govarnor general victoor diguisinte neethrthwathil niravadhi kottakalum mattu prathirodha sthaanangalum aant verp nagaratthe prathirodhichu, ithu abhedyamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 1880kall muthal, beljian prathirodha aasoothranam, beljian nishpakshatha urappu nalkunna europian shakthikalkk edapedunnathuvare, avasana maarggamaayi, franch allengil jarmman sainyathe nadhi kadakkunnathil ninnu thadayunnathinaayi, leejilum naamoorile miyoosinteyum sambre nadikaludeyum samgamasthaanathu mayoosinteyum (maas) mail thadassam kottakal sthaapikkunnathine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu. 1860kalil poortthiyaakkiya deseeya kottayil nagarathinu purathu oru dussen pazhaya kottakal ulppedunnu, pattanatthinu chuttum iruvashathum azhimukhathodu chernnulla oru ensaint, ensaintinum kottakalkkum chuttum nananja kuzhikal. 1882 nuu sesham nirmmicha nagarathinu purathulla oru valayam pradhana prathirodha nirayil ulppedunnu. rund kottakalum moonnu theeradesha baattarikalum adangunna oru koottam samghangal eee kottaye prathirodhikkukayum cheria thothil vellapokkam undaakkukayum cheythu. mayoosil leejilum naamoorilum nirmmicha kottakal samanamaaya nirmmaanamullavayaayirunnu, kizhakk allengil thekk-kizhakk ninnu oru adhinivesham undaakumbol prathirodhatthinte aadya nirayaya "barrier kottakalum bridge headukalum" aayi uddeshichullavayaayirunnu.
jarmman adhinivesham.
1914 august 2 nuu beljian sarkkar jarmman sainyathe beljiyathiloode francilake kaimaran visammathikkukayum beljian general staafinte raathriyil jarmman munnettatthe thadassappeduthaan moonnaam divisionode utharavidukayum cheythu. august 4 nuu raavile jarmman sainyam beljiyam aakramichu. moonnaam division, leej kotta gaarisan, kuthirappada divishante oru screen, leej, naamoor ennividangalil ninnulla ditaachmentukal, bakkiyulla beljian feeld armi nadhi gettilekku adachu, august 4 oode onnaam division tienan, pervesile anchaam division, luvenile randaam division, vaavreyile aaram division enniva central, vestten beljiyavum aantverppilekkulla ashayavinimayavum ulkkollunnu. august 4 nuu jarmman kuthirappada neratthe visil prathyakshappedukayum padinjaaran theerathu beljian sainyavum paalavum kandethukayum cheythu. jarmmankaar oru foord kandethi, nadhi kadannu beljiyakkaare leejilekk viramikkaan nirbandhichu. vaikunneram aayappozhekkum beljian hikemandinu moonnaam division leej garrison valare valia adhinivesha senayude paathayilaanennu vyakthamaayi.
august 5 nuu jarmmankaar kottakettya nagaramaya leej pidichedukkaan sramikkukayum thudarnnu oru ratri aakramanathinu sramikkukayum cheythappol leej yuddham aarambhichu, general eric ludendorff kaalalppadaye aninirathunnathuvare ithu aashayakkuzhappathilayi. august 6 nuu uchayode ludendorff veendum akramikkukayum beljian moonnaam division gottiyilekk pinvalikkappettathinal nagaratthil ethirpponnum kaanathirikkukayum cheythu. jarmmankaar kotta uparodham aarambhichu, athu august 16 nuu veenu. august 10 nuu jarmman kuthirappada gettil athukayum "jaagezhs" vadakkott daistilekkum hasseltilekkum neengaan thudangukayum cheythu. august 12 nuu jarmman kuthirappada hallen yudhathil akramikkukayum patthu manikkoor neenda yudhathinu sesham avare puratthaakkukayum cheythu. august 17 aayappozhekkum, beljian sainyavum ardhasainika vibhaagavum thakartthuvenkilum, miyus, dimmer, gettu ennivaykkidayilulla beljiyathilekku dhaaraalam jarmman sainikar kadannupoyi. gettiyude valath (thekk) vashathulla beljian sthaanam, haay vazhiyulla oru vashathe thanthrangalaal bheeshanippeduthappettu. august 18nuu jarmmankaar veendum akramikkukayum hallen pidichedukkukayum tiyananil praveshikkukayum onnaam divisione munnilum vadakkan vashathum akramikkukayum cheythu, onnaam division valia budhimuttode maathrame athine pinthirippichulloo.
anchu jarmman corps aarr reserve corps beljiyathilundenna vivarathodeyum franch sainyathinteyum britiish paryaveshana senayudeyum (bef) pinthunayillaathe august 18 nuu vaikunneram beljian feeld armeod aant verpilekku pinmaran utharavittu. august 20 nuu jarmman unnatha kakshikalude cheria edapedalode athu ethi, tiananu sameepam onnaam division jarmman ikes corps thammilulla oru edapazhakalozhike, beljian thalasthaanamaaya brassels august 20 nuu beljian feeld armi aantverppil athiyappol pidichedutthu. august 24nuu feeld armi aant verppil ninnu brasselsilekku paranna athe samayam thanne naamoor veenu. chaals dii brokevilleyude beljian sarkkar brassels upekshichu jarmmankaar pidichedukkaathirikkaan aantverppilekk maari, avar dyle kanaalinte iruvashathumulla sthaanangalil ninnu nagaratthe maraykkunnathinaayi moonnaamathe reserve corpsine aadya sainyathil ninnu verpeduthi. brassels pidichedukkaan IV reserve corpsinte oru brigade ayachu. august 22nuu aii. aii. ezz reserve corpsinu aant verpilekku marran utharavittu.
munkootty.
jarmman aakramana padhathi.
1898num 1914num idayil schlifen pinneedu moltke nadatthiya yuddha aasoothranathinte bhaagamaayi, britiish sainyam shakthippeduthunna beljian senakal france adhiniveshathil earppettirikkunna jarmman sainyathinte vadakkan bhaagathe bheeshanippeduthaanulla saadhyathaye prathirodhikkunnathinaayi aantverppine ottappeduthaan oru padhathi thayyarakkiyirunnu. vellapokkam asaadhyamaayirunna deseeya redauttinu kizhakkulla ezhu reserve corpsil ninnu pathinonnu divisionukalude pravartthanangal padhathi pratheekshichirunnu. 1914ll aarr divisionukal maathramaan uparodham nadathiyathu, avayilonnu tianan brasselsinum edayilulla leej-brassels railway brasselsinum aantverppinum edayilulla graundum samrakshikkaan aavashyamaayirunnu. yudhaananthara padhathi upekshicha baseler, aantverppin thekk ninnu wallem kottakal, sint-kaattalijne-waver, thudarnnu vadakkott coningshooikt, lear, kessel kottakal, naalu intermediat varkkukal, nettu nadhi, vellapokkam ennivaykku pakaram aakramichu. aaraamatheyum anchaamatheyum reserve, maraine, naalaamatheyum "ersaatts" divisionukal septambar 28 nuu beljian autposttukale nirbandhithamaakkukayum nettil ninnu meshalan skeldlake oru covering line roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. covering line pinnil, meshelinte kizhakkum thekkum jarmman uparodha peerankikal sthaapichu, dorpeld, bosebeak redauttukal enna nilayil kottakalaaya sintt-kaattalijne-vevarilum valemilum bombakramanam aarambikkaan thayyarayirunnu, sintt-kaattalijne-vevarinte vadakkukizhakku mortaarukal earppeduthukayum kottakal, nettu paalangal, valeminu vadakkulla antwerp waterworkkukal enniva thammilulla feeld prathirodham mattu kanatha thokkukalaal bombittu.
beljian prathirodha thayyaareduppukal.
yudhathinte thudakkam muthal beljian enchineeyarmaar kottakal, roopappetta vellapokkam, munbhagam ennivaykkidayilulla edavelakalil sthaanangal nirmmikkukayum thadassangal ozhivaakkukayum cheythu. kottakal drishyamaayathinaal, uyarnna jalamekhalakalum melkkoorayillaathathinaal aazhathilulla kuzhikal maathrame kuzhikkaan kazhiyoo ennathinaal anumathikal budhishoonyamaanennu thelinju. meshalan vareyulla jarmman munnettathinidayil, beljian sainyathinte bhooribhaagavum moonnaam sectorinum skieldinum edayilulla naalam sector kaivashappedutthi, laitt fozhsu maathramaan moonnaam sector kaivashappeduthiyathu, naalam division dendermontinu chuttumulla sector kaivashappedutthi. onnum randum divisionukal moonnaam mekhalayilekku ayaykkukayum anchaam division avaykku pinnil reserve sthaanangal ettedukkukayum cheythu.
uparodham.
aadyathe sorty, 24-26 august.
sambrailum moons kanalilum pooraadunna franch, britiish sainikare sahayikkunnathinaayi beljian sainyam aantverppil ninnu aadya parakkal nadatthi. aant verp nireekshikkunna III reserve, Ix reserve corpsine vyathichalippikkanum leuven, brassels ennivayiloodeyulla jarmman ashayavinimayam vettikkuraykkaanum uddeshichullathaayirunnu eee ooppareshan. august 24 nuu rahasyaanveshanathinu sesham, naalu divisionukal adutha divasam meshelinil ninnu thekkott munneri, kaalalppadayudeyum kuthirappadayudeyum oru division reservil avasheshichu. franchukaarum briteeshukaarum pinmariyathaayum franch sainyathinte kamaandaraaya joseph joffrey udan akramikkaan uddeshichillennum beljian sainyam aantverppilekk madangiyethiyennum vaartha labhichathine thudarnnu august 26 nuu parakkal nirtthivachu.
nagaratthinte raathriyil oru jarmman sepellin airship bombittu. patthu beljian siviliyanmaar kollappettengilum bombakramanam kavalsenayude manoveeryam durbalappeduthunnathil parajayappettu. august 27 aayappozhekkum beljian sainyathin aakramanaseshi nashtappettuvennu vishwasichu ohl ledu moltcake report cheyyukayum brasselsile IV reserve corpsinte brigadinode thekkott neengi peronile corpsil veendum cheraan utharavidukayum cheythu. septambar 2 nuu brasselsile jarmman rahasyaanveshana vrithangal sainyam austendil erangiyathaayum padinjaaru theeram boulognilekku kaivashappeduthiyathaayum beljian sainyathe aant verppil shakthippeduthiyathaayum report cheythu. septambar 4 nuu besler aakramichu, termontailekku skeldinte iruvashathum moonnu divisionukal undaayirunnu, ithu kotta pidichedukkukayum vadakkottulla paalangal thakarkkukayum cheythu.
randaamathe sorty, 9-13 septambar.
aadya parakkal avasaanichathinusesham, kottakal thammilulla prathirodham mechappeduthunnathil beljian feeld armi kotta sainyathodoppam chernnu, athesamayam jarmman uparodhakkar brasselinu vadakkum puram kottakalil ninnu akaleyum kizhakkan-padinjaaran rekhayil avarude sthaanangal urappichu. august 31nuu padinjaaru ninnulla durithaashwaasa sramangalil ninnu jarmman senayude surakshayude utharavaaditham beslerine ealppichu. adhinivesha beljiyam, feeld marshell voonn derr golts ennivayude bharanathinaayi niyuktharil ninnu battaaliyanukal kaimarukayum marainkorpsinte oru division eee pradeshathekku utharavidukayum cheythu.
septambar 1 nuu, dendermonteyile skieldil jarmmankaar beljian padinjaaran bhaagathekku munneraan thayyaaredukkukayaanennu beljiakkaarkk vivaram labhichu. onpathaam reserve corpsineyum moonnaam reserve corpsinte aaram division maraine division sainikarum mochippikkunnathaayi beljian commandermark reportukal labhichirunnu. jarmmankaarkk aant verppil ninnu oru asannamaaya parakkal, padinjaaran beljiathileyum vadakkan francileyum sainikarude saandrata, austendil kooduthal britiish sainikarude varavu ennivayekkurichulla ejantu reportukal labhichirunnu. kooduthal sainikarude kendreekaranavum brasselsil nadannukondirikkunnathu reportukal oru ashankayum srishtichilla.
septambar 4 nuu nadanna jarmman akramanam oru vichitramaaya aakramanamaanennu kanakkakkiya beljian armi command, francilake mattappetta sainyathe thirichuvilikkaan jarmmankaare prerippikkunnathinum central beljiyathile jarmman ashayavinimayangal thadassappeduthunnathinum mattoru parakkal aasoothranam cheyyaan thudangi. jarmman tranchukalude vyaapthi kanakkiledukkumbol munvashathe aakramanathil ninnu jarmman sainika pinvalikkal asaadhyamaanennu kanakkaakkappettirunnum kizhakkan bhaagath akramanam saadhyamaanennu kanakkaakkappettirunnu. rund divisionukal antwerp prathirodhatthinullil thudarukayum moonnu divisionukalum kuthirapadayum aarshottilekk akramikkukayum venam. demer, dyle nadikalkku mukalilulla pradhana crossingukal vegathil pidichedukkukayum arshot pidichedukkukayum septambar 10 oode kuthirappada luvan nagaratthil athukayum cheythu. jarmman aaram reserve division ikes reserve corps eee pradeshathekku thirichuvilichu, alsaysil ninnu ex. vii corpsinte 30-aamm divisionil chernnu, ithu brassalukalkkidayil nadatthiya parakkalin ethire pravartthanangal nadatthi. beljian munnettam nirthukayum septambar 13 nuu sainyam aant verpilekku viramikkukayum cheythu.
moonnaamathe sorty, 26-27 septambar.
aant verppil, rekhayude thekk-kizhakk bhaagath jarmman sainikarude kendreekaranam dender muthal dutch athirthi vare vadakku oru vidavu srishtichirunnu. dendermonteyile dender, skiild nadikalude samgamasthaanathu eee vidavu vyaapichu, athiloode aant verppinte prathirodhakkar padinjaaran beljiyavumaayum theerathum vadakkan fraansilum pravartthikkunna sakhyasenakalumaayum bandham nilanirtthi. fraansile moubyoojinte uparodhathinusesham, jarmman suuppar-hevi peerankikal aant verpilekku neekki, leej, naamoor enniva pole, fraansile kottakettya pradesangalaaya verdon, belfort enniva pole pradhana sakhyakakshikalude munnirayil ulppeduthaan kazhinjillengil athu amgeekarikkaanaavilla. septambar 25nuu franch general staaf (jikyuji) aant verppil ninnu mattoru parakkal abhyarthichu.
beljian general staaf mattoru ooppareshan aasoothranam cheyyaan thudangi. aantverppin nereyulla oru pothu aakramanathinulla jarmman thayyaareduppukalude adayaalangal, parakkalin uddeshichirunna sainyathe kuraykkunnathilekku nayichu. dendermontilum waslandilum deseeya redauttinte padinjaaru bhaagath prathirodham nadatthiya anchaam division, naalam division, kuthirappada division ennivayude gadakangal, aalstil ninnu padinjarottu neengunna jarmman sainyathe aakramichu. oru cheria munnettam nadathunnathil avar vijayichenkilum, kanatha peerankikalude pinthunayode brigade 37 nadatthiya prathyakramanam akramanam radhaakkaan kaaranamaayi. septambar 28nuu jarmman sainyam antwerp kottakalkku nere bombakramanam aarambhichu.
yuddham.
bomb akramanam.
septambar 28 nuu jarmman bombakramanam aarambhichu, kottakalude ettavum pradhanappetta bhagangalaaya thokku sthaanangal, vashangal, maasikakal ennivayil nireekshana baloonukal vazhi jarmman uparodha thokkukal septambar 29-oode "asaadhaarana" krithyathayode kotta sint-kaattalijne-vevarine asthiravum valem kottaye vyaapakamaayi nasippichathumaanu. septambar 29 nuu beljian armi headquartezhs beljian sainyathe ozhippikkunnathinulla thayyaareduppukal aarambikkukayum parikkettavar, recruitukal, pariseelanam labhikkatha aalukal, yudhathadavukal, gathagatham, upakaranangal, vedikkoppukal, vyaavasaayika yanthrangal enniva kramena aant verppil ninnu maattukayum cheythu. nagara madhyathilum barchilum rund idungiya pondoon paalangaliloode nagarathinu purathulla vazhi skeltt kadannu. trainukalkku valath theerathu thekkott oodukayum meshelan uparodha thokkukalil ninnu maathram jarmman kaalaalppada sthaanangalkku sameepam rupal kadakkukayum thudarnnu temsil railway paalam kadakkukayum cheyyendivannu. laittukal kathicha trainukalil ninnu ellah rathriyum athirillaathe oodunnu. naalaamathe division dendermontil othukoodi, avide oru jarmman akramanam pratheekshichirunnu, koodaathe kuthirappada division denderinum theerathinum edayilulla rakshappedal paatha samrakshikkunnathinaayi nadeerekhaye samrakshichu. septambar 29nuu beljian pradhaanamantri chaals dii brokeville britteeshukaare ariyichu, ellah baahya kottakalum nashtappettaal, sarkkarum feeld army pinmaarukayum sainyathe ethrayum vegam ethirvashathu nirthaan vidukayum cheiyumennu. pittennu dii brokeville britiish, franch sarkkaarukalodu sahaayathinaayi aupachaarikamaayi abhyarthichu.
jarmman akramanam.
october 1 nuu anchaam reserve, maraine divisionukalude kottakalaaya sint-kaattalijne-waver, wallem, bosebeak, doorpweld redauttukal ennivayil jarmman akramanam aarambhichu. valem kotta saaramaayi thakarnnu, kotta layaril oru shell, kotta coningshooikt, tallabert, bosebeck redauttukal enniva thakarnnu, kotta sint-kattelijne-waver, doorpweld redout ennivaykkidayilulla idatharam graundu pidichedukkukayum cheythu. oru ethir akramanam paraajayappedukayum naalam division beljian commandermarilekku churukukayum cheythu, sainyathinte idathu vashathe nettinu vadakkulla mattoru prathirodha linelake pinvalikkaan utharavittu, ithu baahya prathirodhatthile vidavu nikathukayum nagaratthe jarmman suuppar-hevi peerankikalude paridhiyil ninnu akattinirthukayum cheythu. albert onnaaman rajaavum addehathinte sarkkarum aant verp upekshikkumennu nivaasikalkk munnariyipp nalkunna prakhyapanangal pakal samayat avatharippichu.
sintt-kaattalijne-waver kotta doorpweld redauttum raathriyil pidichedukkappettave labhyamaya ellah jarmman thokkukalum bombakramanam nadatthaan upayogichathinu sesham october 2 uchathirinju vare valem bosebeck redauttum pidichedutthilla. jarmman thokku sthaanakkayattam, maasikakalude nasham, beljian vedikkoppukal ennivayude ksheenam enniva wallem kottakalum coningshooyiktum jarmmankaarkk veezhunnathinum duffell redout ozhikeyulla moonnaam sectorile bakkiyulla prathirodhatthe ozhippikkunnathino keezhadakkunnathino kaaranamaayi. moonnaam sektarinte kizhakk bhaagathulla beljian randaam division, uchakazhinju nettinu kuruke viramikkaan thudangi, oru manikkoorin sesham onnaam division poortthiyaakaattha oru intermediat sthaanathekku pinwangan thudangi, fort vaaleminte vadakku-padinjaaru rumst muthal duffle, lisp vare, duffle, anderstad, layar ennividangalil bridge headukal ulla learinu mukalil. randaam divisione anchaam division ozhivaakkukayum reservillake pookukayum cheythu. nettinte thekkan theerathe vellapokkam aazhathilullathaanenkilum, viramikkal samayat pinthudaraan jarmmankaar oru shramavum nadathiyittilla, koodaathe aant verppil ninnulla pinvaangal rekha vettikkuraykkaan oru shramavum nadathiyittillennu patrolling report cheythu.
october 3 nuu gaarsanil vedikkoppukal theernnathine thudarnnu duffle redout ozhippikkukayum jarmman peeranki-fayar break-inte vashathulla fort kesselilekku maattukayum cheythu. adutha divasam jarmman suuppar hevi thokkukal kottayil bombitan thudangi, ithu kotta upekshikkaan gaarisane nirbandhitharaakkukayum grott, kline nettu, duffell ennivayude junctionil layarinu ethirvashathu nettu lainil aakramanathinulla jarmman thayyaareduppukal nadathukayum cheythu. october 4 nuu royal maraine brigade lunden basukalil leyarinte ethirvashathu ethi, leyarinte vadakkan attathu oru sthaanam pidichedutthu, athu munvashath oru vayar strindumaayi hedjerokalkkidayilulla aazhamillaatha kuzhiyude bhagangalaayi maari. pattanatthil chila ettumuttalukal nadakkukayum jarmman peerankikal aaa sthaanathu bombit akramanam nadathukayum cheythathinethire britteeshukaarkk oru kavachitha trainil ninnallathe oru marupadiyum labhichilla. grot kline nettum thammilulla jarmman akramanangal prathirodhakare pinvalikkaan nirbandhitharaakkukayum dender kadakkukayum cheythu; scoonardilum dendermontilum skiild kadakkaan shramichu.
october 5 nuu pularche, reserve infentry rejiment 26-nte rund jarmman battaaliyanukal, aduthulla oru kreekkil nirmmicha oru treastil paalam upayogichu, layarinte praanthapradeshangalil ninnulla enfilade theeyude maravil, layarinu thaazheyulla anderstad faamil nettu kadannu. crossing pooyint sasyajaalangal kaazhchayil ninnu parishodhichu, rund battaaliyanukal koodi nadhi kadakkumbol iruttu vare nadeetheerathe pidichunirtthaan rund battaliyanukalkkum kazhinju. liyerile akramanangal pattanatthe clain nettinte variyilekku kondupookukayum vashath vellappokkathinte variyil athukayum cheythu. jarmman peeranki vadakku fort brochemil bombakramanam aarambhichu, athu october 6 nuu nasippikkappedukayum ozhippikkukayum cheythu. jarmman munnettam aantharika kottakaleyum nagaratheyum jarmman kanatha peerankikalude paridhiyil konduvannilla ennathinaal beljian commandermar aantverppinte prathirodham thudaraan theerumaanichu. vadakkan theerathe jarmman battaaliyanukalkkethire thirichadikkaanulla utharavukal october 6 vare purappeduvichirunnilla, pradeshathe ellah beljian, britiish unitukalilum krithyasamayathu athiyirunnilla. chila beljian unitukal praadeshika munkaiyil nadatthiya akramanangal thirichadikkappedunnathi munbu chila pradeshangal thirichupidichu. prathirodhakkar nettinum akathe kottakalkkum edayilulla mattoru poortthiyaakaattha sthaanathekku pinwangi, aant verppinte madhyabhaagathinte thekk-kizhakk vremde muthal lear-aant verp rodilekkum pinneedu pakal samayat kondichinu chuttum thekk-padinjaarilekkum. beljian randaam divishante neethrthwathil maraine brigade lear-aant verp roadinu vadakkulla kuzhikalilekku maari.
dendermonteyile padinjaaran vashath, aant verppinu thekk, landwer brigade 37 reserve ersaatts brigade 1 shakthippeduthukayum scoonard, dendermond, basroad ennividangalil ninnu nadhi kadakkaan sramikkukayum cheythenkilum pinthirippikkappettu. october 6 uchayode moonnum aarum divisionukal appozhum kotta valemin skeldinum idayil aant verppinte thekk-padinjaarum padinjaarum nilayurappichuvenkilum thekk, thekk-kizhakk bhaagangalil jarmman akramanam nagarathinullil oru variyil athiyirunnu, athu nettinu kuruke konduvannayudane jarmman thokkukalude paridhiyilayirikkum. padinjaaru escape corridorinu kaaval nilkkunna 4-aamm division kuthirapadayeyum shakthippeduthunnathinaayi 6-aamm division temsiloode neekki. maraine brigade shakthippeduthunnathinaayi october 6 nuu rund britiish naavika brigedukal athiyengilum akathe valayathilekku thirichuvittu, avide kuzhikal veendum aazhamillathathaayi kandethi, munvashathekku nilam neekkam cheythu, ithu jarmman peeranki nireekshakarkk eluppathil drishyamaayi.
vadakkan fraansil, septambar muthal aisne muthal vadakkott parasparam purakott neengaan shramicha jarmman sainyam araasilethi. october 5 nuu aii bavarian reserve corps lense pidichedutthu. moonnu jarmman kuthirappada vadakkott mattoru vashathe thanthrangal pareekshichu, naalaamathe kuthirappada yiprasinu sameepam swartbergilum mondu dess kyaattukalilum ethi. jarmman sainyathinte munnettam beljian sainyathinte padinjaaran pinvaangal paatha aant verppil ninnu thadayumennu bheeshanippedutthi. october 6 nuu briteeshukaarum beljiyakkarum thammilulla charchakal, feeld sainyathe skeeldinte padinjaaran theerathekku pinvalikkanulla theerumaanathilekku nayichu, avide avarkk oru aashwaasa senayumaayi sanbarkkam pularthaanum kizhakkan theerathu kudungikkidakkaanulla apakadam ozhivaakkaanum kazhiyum. 1, 3, 5 divisionukal nadhi kadannu kuthirappadayude 4,6 divisionukalil chernnu, aantharika valayathile ettu kottakal kottayude sainyam etteduthu. beljian randaam division britiish maraine brigade reserve cheythirunna rund britiish naavika brigedukalum naalaamatheyum ezhaamatheyum kotta rejimentukalum thammilulla edavelakalil akappettirunnu. mejar general archibald paareesinte neethrthwathil britiish senayodu, admiralttiyude aadya prabhuvaya vinsttan charchil, kazhiyunnathra kaalam prathirodham thudaraanum keezhadangalil pankedukkunnathinuparam padinjaaran theerathekku kadakkaan thayyarakanum utharavittu.
october 7nuu raavile, rejiment 37-nte rund battaaliyanukalkk kanatha moodalmanjinide boatil scoonerdile skeltt kadakkaan kazhinju. beljian aaram division niravadhi prathyaakramanangal nadathukayum avaa thirichadikkappedukayum vaikunnerathode oru paalam nirmmikkukayum athinte mukaliloode landweherinte backie bhagam kadakkukayum cheythu. aant verppil ninnulla rakshappedal paathayude veethi kuravaayirunnu, ithu beljian commandermar feeld armeod ternusan kanalinu pinnil pinwangan utharavidunnathilekku nayichu, ithu ghenttil ninnu vadakkott dutch athirthiyilekku neengi. ettavum kooduthal naashanashtangal sambhavicha onnum anchum divisionukal, moonnum aarum divisionukalil oro brigade aadyam neengukayum bakkiyulla sainikar aant verppile randaam division kurachathinaal skildilum darmilum oru flank gaard roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. beljian armi aasthaanam kooduthal padinjaaru selsettilekku maatti. oru beljian improvised brigade ghentil undaayirunnu, thekk-padinjaaru krooshouttaminu sameepam oru jarmman kuthirappada division undennu report cheyyappettathinetthudar eee pradeshathe britiish sainyathodu ghentilekku marran abhyarthichu. pinneedu jarmman sainyam athirillaathe fort brochemilum vadakkulla massenhoven redauttilum praveshichu, ithu aant verp prathirodha paridhiyile vidavu vipuleekarikkukayum october 8 vare neenda jarmman suuppar-hevi peerankikal netteykku mukalilekku neekkaan thudangukayum cheythu. october 7nuu jarmman hovitsarmaar nagaratthil bombakramanam aarambhichu.
october 7-nuu ratri beljian randaam division royal neval division kotta garrison aant verppile aantharika kottakalude varii pidichedutthu, beljian feeld armi ghentinum theerathinum idayil padinjarottu neengukayaayirunnu, oru franch naavika brigade ghentilekkulla yaathrayilaayirunnu, britiish ezhaam division bragukalil kendreekarichirunnu. ghentinte thekk-padinjaaru bhaagathulla oru vidavil, sakhya kuthirappada lenzin hasbrokinum idayil nilam moodukayum padinjarottu anweshikkunna moonnu jarmman kuthirappada vibhaagangalkkethire nilam moodukayum cheythu. october 8 nuu aant verppil, brigade 37 neey bavarian brigade 1 umm brigade 9 umm shakthippeduthi, ithu naalam divisionil ninnu maraine division mochippikkukayayirunnu. jarmman akramanam lokareninu sameepavum dutch athirthiyil ninnum munnott neengi. jarmman vyoma nireekshanam report cheythath aant verppinu padinjaarulla roadukal vyakthamaanennum niravadhi aalukal vadakkott athirthiyilekku neengukayaanennum, athinartham beljian sainyam padinjarottu rakshappedaan sramikkunnilla ennaanu. beljian command onnum anchum divisionukal reyil maargam pinvalikkumennu pratheekshichirunnuvena rolling stokkinte abhavam mikka sinikareyum rooad maarggam neengaan kaaranamaayi, randaam division aantverppil thudarnnu, moonnaam division lokarenilum, naalaamatheyum aaraamatheyum divisionukal iruvashathum, kuthirappada division padinjaaru aayirunnu, ithu reyilveyil ninnu ghentilekku neengunnu.
beljian pinvalikkal.
jarmman munnettam lokarenilekkulla kaalathamasam varuthiyenkilum naalaamatheyum aaraamatheyum divisionukal pakal viramikkaan thudangi, koodaathe feeld sainyathinte bhooribhaagavum raathriyil ghent-selsate kanalinu padinjaaru neengi, lukristiyil ninnulla reargaardukal vadakkott; naalaamathe brigade ghentilekku neengi, avide franchukaar raavile ethi. britiish ezhaam division, october 8 nuu ethiya moonnaam kuthirappada divishante landing cover cheiyunnathinaayi, broojil ninnu austandilekku maari. beljian feeld armi raathriyode aant verppil ninnu rakshappedukayum moonnu sakhyasenakalude kaavalnirayilaayirunna ghentinte vadakkupadinjaaru; ghentil ninnu austtendil britiish ezhaam division moonnaamathe kuthirappada division othuchernnu. lokkeranil, aant verppinu nereyulla jarmman akramanam rakshappedaanulla vazhi adaykkaan thudangiyirunnu, aant verppil, jarmman kanatha peerankikal nettinu kuruke innar ringilum nagaratthilum bombakramanam nadatthaan neekkiyirunnu.
vaattar varkkukal thakarnnathin sesham thee anaykkaan kazhinjilla; nananja kuzhikal poottiya (pradhana prathirodha mathil) praakaara gettukalum bombittu. shellakramanam cheria naashanashtangal varuthiyenkilum kizhakode abhimukhamaayi, brigade 26 thekkott abhimukhamaayi akramikkukayum sainikare vichedikkukayum cheythu. october 8 nuu pularche beljian, britiish commandermark thettaaya reportukal nalkappettathode avare thirichupidichillenkil, akathe varii vaikunnerangalil upekshikkappedumennum prathirodhakkar nagara praakaarangalilekku pinmarumennum theerumaanamaayi. chuvade abhayakendrangalulla bhouma paravashangalaayirunnu prakaarangal, vashangalil (pathakal) neendunilkkukayum munnilekku veethiyum aazhavumulla kuzhikal undaayirikkukayum cheythu.
beljian, britiish commandermar gaarisan sainikarumaayi aantverppinte prathirodham thudaraanum beljian randaam division britiish sainyatheyum skeldinu kuruke neekkaanum theerumaanichu, thettaaya report sariyaakkukayum nashtappettaal royal neval division sandhyaasamayath pinmaarumenn theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. kottakal thakarnnuvennum beljian randaam divisionilekkum britteeshukaarkk viramikkaan utharavukal ayachathaayum vaarthakal vannu. beljian division ghattam ghattamayi pinmaarukayum britishukaar skeltt kadakkukayum cheythuvenkilum 1st naavika brigadil ellah bhagangalilum athicherunnathil utharavukal parajayappettu, athil oru bataaliyan maathramaan pinmaariyath. backie division nadhi kadakkaan thudangukayum dutch athirthikku samaantharamaayi padinjarottu neengukayum cheythathode thettu thiricharinju. onnaam naavika brigade ardharaathriyil paalangal polichuneekkukayum jarmman shrapnel bombaakramanatthil veezhukayum cheiyunnuvennu kandethukayum cheythu. sainikar baarjukalum bottukalum upayogichu kadannu october 9 nuu ethiya swindrechil oru koodikkazhchaykkaayi purappettu. britishukaar sint-gillis-vasilekku neengi, avide jarmmankaar morbeckeyil railway nirthalaakkiyathaayi vivarangal labhichu. britiish commander commander comodore hendezhson vadakkottulla dutch athirthiyilekku pookaan theerumaanikkukayum yadhaartha poorakatthinte pakuthiyil thadavilaakkukayum ekadesham naalppatholam striglermar athirthiyil olichodukayum rakshappedukayum cheythu.
beljiyathile britiish senaykk october 8 nuu beljian, britiish ennivarude viramikkal aant verppil ninnu ghent, selsate, austend, torhout, dixmuid ennivayilekku cover cheyyaanum thudarnnu befinte idathu vashath cheraanum nirddesham nalki. october 9 nuu ezhaam divishante bhooribhaagavum franch, beljian sainyathil cheraan ghentil neengi, moonnaam kuthirappada division backie ezhaam division broojukalil othukoodi; franch 87-aamm territorial division popperingeyil aantverppilekkulla neekkam nirthaan utharavittu. britiish sainyam IV corpsinte commandinu keezhilaayi, ettaam division englandil ninnu (november 11) ethi. beff II corps abevilleyil othucherukayum puthiya IV corpsinte kamaandaraaya rollinson kazhiyunnathra kaalam ghentil thudaraan nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. aant verppil ninnulla viramikkal thripthikaramaayi munnott pooyi, aalstinu padinjaaru, ghentinte thekk-kizhakk jarmman sainikare kandilla. ratri ghentil ninnu melleyil neritta oru jarmman senaye franch naavikar pala naashanashtangalode thurathi.
october 10 nuu austendil nadanna beljian, franch, britiish ennivar thammilulla oru sammelanam, beljian feeld armi viramikkal thudarunnathinaal ghent nadatthaan theerumaanichu. raathriyode onnum moonnum naalum divisionukal austendilum anchum aarum divisionukal torhoutilum dixmuidilum aant verp gaarisan sainikar ghentinte vadakku-padinjaaru bhaagathumaayirunnu. jarmman uparodhakkar viramikkal kandethiyitla, pinvalikkal kandethunnathinumbu lokarenilum morbeckilum naalaamathe ersaatts division landwehr sainyavum nagaratthilekku kizhakode thirinju. thudarnnu III reserve corpsin 4-aamm ersaatts division padinjarottu tiriyanum kortrijkilekku munneraanum utharavittu. pradhana jarmman frond neettaan, ghentilekkum bradjukalilekkum ayaykkunnathinu munbu, blankenberjilekkum theerathu auttendilekkum athikkaanulla utharavukalode aayirunnu neekkam. october 11 nuu jarmman sainyam ghentilekku munnerunnathaayi kandethiyenkilum appozhekkum beljian kotta sainikar feeld aarmiyil cherukayum ghentil ninnu ghattamghattamaayi pinvaangal aarambikkukayum athinusesham jarmman sainyam nagaratthilekku praveshikkukayum cheythu. viramikkal samayat niravadhi paalangal polichuneekkiyenkilum pradhana roadle railway paalangalilum saadhaaranakkaarude tirakk avaa nasippikkappedaathirikkaan kaaranamaayi.
keezhadangal.
october 9 nuu jarmman sainyam akathe valayathile chila kottakal shoonyamaayi kandethi; besler bombakramanam nirthukayum sainika govarnore vilichuvaruthukayum cheythu, general keezhadangan vilippichu. jarmmankaaran aantverppilekk pookumbool, antwerp mayer jaann dii voos ulppede naalu sivilian prathinidhikal kondichile baselerilethi, nagaratthile bombakramanam avasaanippikkaan abhyarthichu. uchakazhinju, bombakramanam punaraarambikkumenna bheeshaniyil, sivilian prathinidhikal nagaratthinteyum atharam kottakaludeyum keezhadangalil oppuvachu, athu thudarnnu. october 10 nuu raavile, sainika govarnorude cheef oof staaf keezhadangunnathinekkurichu charcha cheyyaan adhikaarathode haajaraayappol, addehathe oru samarppikkal sammaanichu, ithinakam amgeekaricha nibandhanakal amgeekarikkendivannu.
avasaanathe antwerp gaarisan keezhadangukayum 1918 november vare nagaram jarmman sainikarude kaivashappedukayum cheythu. antwerp gaarisan vadakku netherlandsilekku palayanam cheythu, avide dutch nishpakshathayil vittuveezhcha cheiyumenna bhayathaal avare yudhathinte backie samayangalil beljian athirthiyil ninnu kazhiyunnathra thadavilaakki. britiish sainyathe groninganil thadavilaakkukayum beljiyakkaare seyist, gasterland, amezhsfoortt, ooldu brock ennividangalil paarppikkukayum cheythu. vividha vyavasayangalil internees jolie cheythirunnu. athirthi kadanna jarmmankaare berjan thadankalil paarppichu. 1914ll ekadesham oru dasalaksham sivilian abhayaarthikal grettu brittan, netherlands, france ennividangalilekku pooyi; uparodhathin sesham mikkavarum madangiyethiyenkilum 1918nuu sesham netherlandsile abhayaarthikalil ganyamaaya ennam avasheshichu. niravadhi beljian sainika abhayaarthikale innu hardvijkile beljian sainika feeld oof oonari 1914-1918 ll samskarikkukayo anusmarikkukayo cheiyunnu.
anantharafalangal.
vishakalanam.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathekkurichu audyogika britiish vivaranamaya "mahaamaarggathinte charithram" (1915-1948) ll jaims edmunds ezhuthiyathu, aantverppine rakshikkunnathinulla pravartthanangal paraajayappettenkilum, prathirodhakkaarude cheruthunilppu (puram kottakal nasippikkappettathinum) jarmman sainyathe thadavilaakki, yiprasinum theerathinum ethiraaya pravarthanangalkku avar aavashyamaayi vannappol. austendum seabrug athirillaathe pidichedukkappettu, athesamayam kooduthal padinjaaran newpoort (newport) dankirkkum sakhyakakshikal pidichedutthu, ithu sakhyakakshikalude vadakkan bhagam thirikkanulla avasana jarmman shramathe paraajayappeduthi. yiprasilekkulla naalu jarmman corpsinte sameepanam marikadakkaan aant verppil ninnulla sainyavum aavashyamaayirunnu, ithu vadakku ellah jarmman thanthrangalkkum kaalathamasam varuthi.
kottakal pidikkaan randaam nira sainikar mathiyennu karuthunnath thettaanennum recruitmentukalilum amita praayathilulla reservistukalilum kanatha peeranki vedivayppinu vidheyamaakukayum feeld fozhsu surakshithathvathilekku pinvaangumbol "abhedyamaaya" prathirodham nasippikkukayum cheythathinaal athu manoveeryam illaathaakkukayum phastt klaas sainikarkk maathrame prathirodhikkaan kazhiyoo ennum edmunds ezhuthi. valia alavil vedikkoppukalum niravadhi attu aant verppukalum jarmmankaar kedupaadukal koodaathe pidichedutthu. beljian feeld aarmiyile aalukal mikka royal neval divisionumaayi padinjarottu rakshapettu. britteeshukaarkk thadavukaare nashtamaayi.
thudarnnulla pravartthanangal.
aant verppil ninnu rakshapetta beljian sainyam rund maasamaayi pravarthikkunnundaayinu, sainyathe visramikkunnathinum recruitmentukalum train pakarakkaarum ulppeduthunnathinumaayi sent omar-kalaisil ninnu oru laininte padinjaaru pinvalikkaan rajaavu padhathiyittirunnuvenkum beljian pradesham kaivashappeduthunnathinayi thuramukhathinte thekk-padinjaaru bhaagathulla newport thuramukham, furnus enniva vare vadakku dixmood muthal oru lainil sainyathe kootticherkkaan addehathe prerippichu. beljian sainyam yadhaartha kuthirappada divishante keezhilum randaamathe divisional kuthirappadayude keezhilum saikkil yaathrakkaarum motor mesheen gann vibhaagangalum chernnu viramikkal thudarnnu. october 14 nuu beljian sainyam franch praadeshika divisionukalude vadakku bhaagathulla 6,5 divisionukalaaya yasser, boisinge muthal, yasser kanal muthal dixmood vare, fusiliyezhs naavikar beljian 3rd divishante peerankikalaal moodappetta oru bridge head roopeekarichu, backie division padinjaaru lamperniseyil reserve cheythu. 4, 1, 2 divisionukal kizhakk karayil bearst, keeyam, scoor, mannekenswer ennividangalil vipulamaaya posttukalode vadakku varii neetti. randaam kuthirappada division reservil vechukondu neeyport cover cheiyunnathinaayi lombartsidine westendinum chuttumulla theerathinu sameepam oru bridgehead nadannu. october 18 nuu aant verppil ninnulla jarmman III reserve corps, dixmood muthal kadal vareyulla kizhakkan theerathulla beljian autposttukalkkethire, yesser yudhathil pravartthanam aarambhichu. 
october 11 nuu jarmman senayude sameepanam moolam ghentinu chuttumulla sakhyasena pinmari. britiish ezhaam division padinjaaru ealtreyilekku neengukayum, bragesukalil ninnu ulnaadan bhaagathekku neengukayum yiprasilekku march cheyyaan thudangukayum cheytha britiish dittaachmentukalumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum cheythu. thekkan bhagam moonnaam kuthirappadayude division ulkkollukayum avar thorttil ninnu roularmaarilekku maarukayum franch fusiliyezhs mareens brigade dixmudilekku maarukayum cheythu. general kaapparude raathriyil, ezhaam division kamaandare ariyipp prakaram britiish II corpsinte sameepanam moolam hazebrookinu sameepamulla jarmman kuthirappada viramichathinaal ezhaam divishante padinjaaru raajyam jarmman sainyathil ninnu vittunilkkunnu. eee division kemmalinu sameepam kuthirappadayile roularmaarilekku athicherukayum yaprasinu chuttumulla franch 87-aamath territorial divisionumaayi bandhippikkukayum cheythu. billattukal krameekarikkukayum pathaamatthe husaarukal pidikoodukayum cheytha oru party aswastharaakkiya niravadhi perr ozhike, jarmman IV kuthirappada naalu divasam munbu thekkott neengiyirunnu.
october 18 aayappozhekkum vadakkan francileyum beljiathileyum beljian, britiish, franch sainikar laa bassie kanal muthal vadakku byoo puyitts vareyulla anchaam divisionumaayi beff II corps, fromel muthal leeii maisnil vareyulla sthaanathulla ilis muthal abers vareyulla moonnaam division, general kanakshante franch kuthirappadayude moonnu divisionukalum, raddingem muthal epinettu vareyulla aaram divisionumaayi beff III corps, epinettu muthal pondu rooj vareyulla naalaamathe division, beaulemond muthal tenbriyalan vareyulla onnum randum kuthirappada vibhaagangalulla beff II corps, 7-aamm divisionumaayi beff IV corps, sandword muthal mitnirk vare kuthirapadayum, franch corpsil ninnu boinde, franch courtil ninnu boinde, courtil ninnu boinde, courtil, courtil, courtil, courtil, courty, courty, courty, october 16naanu yesar yuddham aarambhichath.
kooduthal vaayana.
pusthakangal
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