thaazhathe vellam

bhauthikashaasthram, rasathanthram, paristhithi ennivayude kaaryatthil vyathyasthamaaya savisheshathakalulla oru jalaashayathile ettavum thaazhnna jala pindamaanu thaazhathe jalam.
samudrashaasthram.
samudranirappinu sameepamulla thanuthathum idathoornnathumaaya vellamaan thaazhathe vellathil adangiyirikkunnathu. lavanamshavum poshakaghadakangalum kuravaanu eee jalathinte savisheshatha. saadhaaranayaayi, seasonal aise urukunnathilum shudhajala nadikalude ulppaadanathilum ninnulla kuranja lavanatha antaarttikkayil ulppaadippikkunna thaazhathe jalathinte savisheshathayaanu. ennirunnaalum, thanutha maasangalil, kadal manjinte roopeekaranam uppuvellam nirasikkunnathiloode thaazhathe jalathinte lavanathvam uyarthunna oru nirnaayaka prakriyayaan. uppuvellam maravikkumbol, manjil ninnu uppu chuttumulla vellathilekku puranthallappedunnu. samudrasanjaaram kaaranam thaazhathe jalathil ooksijan alavu kooduthalaanu. antaarttikkile uppuvellavum thanuthathumaaya uparithala jalam athinte uyarnna saandrata kaaranam thaazhnna aazhathilekk mungunnu. uparithala jalam mungumbol, athu uparithalathil ninnu ooksijan vahikkukayum samudra thadangalude samudranirappiludaneelam sanjarikkunna oru valia samayam chelavazhikkukayum cheyyum. samudrathinte thaazhathe paaliyiludaneelam sanjarikkunna ooksijan adangiya vellam benthik jeevikalude shwasanathinulla oru pradhana uravidamaanu. thaazhathe jalam valare saavadhaanathil ozhukunnu, pradhaanamaayum charivu bhooprakrithiyum thapanilayileyum lavanathayileyum vyathyaasangalum, prathyekichu kaattil pravartthikkunna uparithala samudra pravahangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol.
pasaphik samudrathinte thekkan bhagangalilum indian mahaasamudrathilum vadakkan atlaantik samudrathilumulla ettavum prabalamaaya adithattilulla jalasrothassaan antartic thaazhathe jalam. thanuppulla thapanilayum uyarnna saandrathayum kaaranam antartic thaazhathe jalam vadakkan atlaantik aazhathilulla vellathinadiyil sthithicheyyunnu. shudhamaaya antartic thaazhathe vellavum (ekadesham 34.7 pii. ezz. yuu) uppuvellamulla vadakkan atlaantik aazhathilulla vellavum thammilulla chalanathe thaarathamyam cheyyaan lavanatha upayogikkaam. thanutha, kuranja poshakangal, uyarnna ooksijan, kuranja lavanatha ennivayaal antartic thaazhathe jalathe mattu idatharam, aazhathilulla jala pindangalil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum.
artic samudrathinte adithattilum chuttumulla artic shelfukalilum ulla bhooprakrithi kaaranam artic samudrathinte thaazhathe jalam kooduthal ottappettathaan. aazhathilulla padinjaaran athirthi pravaahangal thekkan atlaantik samudrathil antartic adibhaagathe vellam vadakkott kondupookunnu. bhoomadhyarekhayil athumbol antartic thaazhathe jalam kizhakode neengunnu, angane madhya atlaantik ridjil oru kizhakkan athirthi pravaahamaayi maarunnu. isopaiknalukaliludaneelam antartic thaazhathe jalathinte chalanam aazhathilulla sills kondu parimithappedutthiyirikku. thadangaliloode vellam ozhukunnathu thadayunna aazhamillaatha samudranirappu pradesangalaanu sills.
kalavastha vyathiyaanavum antartic thaazhathe jalavum
antartic adibhaagathe jalathinte swabhaavasavisheshathakalile mattangal thekkan samudrathil nireekshikkappettundu. antartic thaazhathe jalathinte thaapanila vardhikkukayum lavanathvam puthuma praapikkukayum cheiyunnu. jalathinte pindam choodaavukayum puthuma praapikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal saandrata ganyamaayi kurayunnu. aagolathaapanathil anthareekshavum samudravum choodaakukayum athinte falamaayi samudrathile aise urukukayum samudranirappu uyarukayum samudrathile acidification undaakukayum cheiyunnu. aagolathaapanathinte falamaayi vaayusanjaaravum kuranjittundu. antartic thaazhathe vellathil uyarnna ooksijan adangiyittundu, ithu oru rakthachamkramana samvidaanamaayi pravartthikkunnathiloode aazhathilulla samudrathinte vaayusanjaarathinu sambhavana cheyyaan kazhiyum. thaapanila vardhanavile deerghakaala mattangal samudra vaayusanchaarathinte nirakk mandagathiyilaakki. anthareeksham choodaakumbol, athu antaarttikkayil kadal manjinte roopeekaranam kuraykkunnu, angane chuttumulla jalathinte saandrata kuraykkunnu. saandrata kurayunnathu samvahanathinte mandagathiyilekkulla nayikkunnu, aathyanthikamayi aazhathilulla jalathinte roopeekarana prakriyakal mandagathiyilaakkunnu. uyarnna nilayilullava polulla avashya prakriyakal vyathichalikkan thudangunnu. uyarnna uthppaadanakshamathayulla pradeshangal srishtikkunnathinaayi uyarnna nilavaaramillaatha thanutha, poshakasamriddhamaaya vellam uparithalathilekku recycle cheyyaan kazhiyilla. 
azhimukhangal.
oru nadiyude azhimukhathu ninnu uppuvellathilekku ozhukunna thaazhathe jalam cheliyude savisheshamaaya gathagatham pradarshippikkunnu. azhimukhathil shudha/lavanajalam kalarnnathinal, thaazhathe lavanatha nilakalulla oru thirashcheena isohail gradient srishtikkappedunnu, ithu thaazhathe jalathinte mukalilekkulla ozhukk srishtikkunnu. pravaahavum prakshubdhathayum kurayumbol nadhi vahikkunna cheli kanikakal sthirathaamasamaakkaan thudangunnu. kanikakal eathaandu tharayil athumbol, uparithalathinteyum thaazhathe jalathinteyum lavanathvam thaarathamyappeduthaavunnathum thaazhathe ozhukk kurayunnathumaaya ghattathil shekharikkunnathinaayi avaa azhimukhathinte thalayilekku thirike kondupookunnu. eee prakriyayude phalangal eee ghattathil oru prathyeka cheli koombaaramaanu.
thadaaka jalashasthram.
thadaakangalude thaazhathe vellathil ooksijante alavu kuranjekkaam, poornnamaayum aprathyakshamaaya ooksijan vare (athaayath.iii.vaayurahithamaayitheeruka), uyarnna alavil klorinittiyum jaiva-preritha acidityum. pala thadaakangalilum, prathyekichu bhookhanda kaalavasthayulla mekhalakalil, venalkkaala choodaakkalum shaityakaala thanuppum sakthamaaya lamba thaapanila gradiantukal srishtikkunnu, ithu jalathinte paraspara mishrithathe ethirkkunnu, ithu venalkkaala, shaityakaala taapa thadaaka sthareekarana kalayalavukalkk kaaranamaakunnu. thaapanilayude gradiantukalude thulyathayum kaattum mattu prakshubdha srothassukalum eluppathil parasparam kalarthunnathum kaaranam sharathkaalathum (sharatkaala ovarten) vasanthakaalathum (spring ovarten) sambhavikkunna thaazhathe vellam overtaining avaye thadassappeduthunnu.

