
israel raajyam (samaarya)

israel raajyam (), allengil samaarya raajyam, irumbukaalathu thekkan levantile oru israelya rajyamaayirunnu. samaria, galeeli, transjorden ennivayude chila bhagangal eee raajyam niyanthrichu. athinte thalasthaanam mikkavarum samaria (aadhunika sebaastiya) aayirunnu.
daveed rajaavum addehathinte makan solomon bharichirunna israel saamraajyathinte rund pingaamikalil onnaayi samaria raajyam ennum ariyappedunna israel raajyathe hebru baibil chithreekarikkunnu, mattonn thekk yoodaa rajyamaanu. ennirunnaalum, pala charitrakaaranmaarum puraavastu gaveshakarum bybilil chithreekarichirikkunnathu oru yunaittad kingdatthinte nilanilppil vishwasikkunnilla. bisi patthaam noottaandil samaria, galeeli pradeshangal nagaravalkkaranatthinte oru kaalaghattatthinu vidheyamaayirunnuvennum bisi onpathaam noottaandil omride rajavamsham bharichirunna oru rajyamaayi athinte pattanangal onnichuvennum urappode parayaan kazhiyum, athinte rashtreeya kendram oru adambara kottaram nilaninnirunna samaria nagaramaayirunnu.
bii. sii. iii 720 oode navaa-azrian saamrajyam israel raajyam keezhadakki. assyriayile sargon randaamante rekhakal soochippikkunnathu addeham 27,290 israelyare-israel raajyathile janasamkhyayude anjilonnu-mesopotemiyayilekku naadukadatthiyathaayi; eee naadukadatthal israelile nashtappetta patthu gothrangalekkurichulla jootha aashayathinte adisthaanamaayi maari. chila israelyar thekkan rajyamaaya yoodayilekku kudiyeri, athesamayam pradhaanamaayum gerisim parvathathinu chuttum kendreekarichirunna samaryayil avasheshicha israelyar samarithanmaar ennariyappettu. keezhadakkiya raajyathinte pradeshangalil videsha grouppukaleyum assyriakkaar sthirathaamasamaakki.
charithram.
vadakku oru israel raashtrathinte nilanilpp onpathaam noottaandile likhithangalil rekhappeduthiyittundu. bii. sii. iii. yile kurkh stelayil ninnaan aadyakaala paramarsham, shalmanesar moonnaaman "ahab israelyan" ennum "bhoomi" ennathinte moolyavum addehathinte pathinayiram sainikarum paraamarshikkumbol. eee raajyathil thaazhnna pradeshangalude (shefela) bhagangal, jesreel samathalangal, thaazhnna galeeli, transjordante bhagangal enniva ulppettirikkum. oru nagara varenyavarggakkaaraan raajyam bharichathennum valia nagara shethrangalulla rajakeeya, samsthaana aaraadhanakal kaivashamundayirunnuvennum ezhuthukaar, koolippadayaalikal, bharanasamvidaanam ennivayundaayirunnuvennu ahaabinte sainyam soochippikkunna oru assyrian virudha sakhyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu. ithellaam akkaalat aduthide sthaapithamaaya ammon, movab thudangiya rajyangalumaayi saamyamullathaayirunnu.
pilkkala assyrian likhithangalil eee raajyathe "oomriyude bhavanam" ennu paraamarsikkunnu. shalmanesser III-nte "black obelisk" oomriyude makan jehuvine paraamarsikkunnu; 803-ll levantilekkulla oru paryaveshanathinu neethrthwam nalkia assyriayile rajaavaaya adad-nirari III, "hatty-land, amuru-land, tayar, sidoon, philishtia, edom, araam, huu-umm-rii allengil oomriyude" maatt "(bhoomi) ennee nagarangale paraamarsikkunnu. athe rajaavil ninnulla mattoru likhitham "samaaryayile joyash" enna vaakyathil raajyathekkurichu samsaarikkunnathinulla moonnaamathe maarggam samaarya ennu avatharippikkunnu. raajyathe paraamarsikkaan oomriyude peru upayogikkunnathu ippozhum nilanilkkunnu, bii. sii. iii 722-ll samaarya nagaram keezhadakkiyathine vivarikkunnathil "oomriyude muzhuvan bhavanavum" enna vaakyathil sargon randaaman ithu upayogichu. ettaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare, oru assyrian saamanthanaayirikke, assyriakkaar orikkalum yoodaa raajyathekkurichu paraamarshichirunnilla ennathu sradheyamaanu orupakshe avarkk athumaayi orikkalum bandhamundaayirunnillaayim, allengil orupakshe avar athine israel/samaria allengil araaminte saamanthanaayi kanakkakkiyirikkaam, allengil orupakshe eee kaalayalavil thekkan raajyam nilavilundaayirunnilla. 
baibil kaalaghattatthil ninnu saarvathrikamaayi amgeekarikkappetta puraavastu kendrangalilonnaanu samaria. ekadesham bii. sii. 850-ll, mesha steli, mesha raajaavinte keezhil, israel raajyathinethire, oomri rajaavinteyum addehathinte makan ahabinteyum keezhil, movab raajyathinte (innathe jordaanil) vijayam rekhappeduthunnu.
puraavastu kandethalukal, purathana kizhakkan grandhangal, baibil rekhakal enniva oomraid raajavamshathinte kaalath, israel raajyam parvatha galiliyilum, upper jordan thaazhvarayile haasarilum, traansjordaante valia bhaagangalil arnon yaarmoukk nadikalkkum idayilum, shaaroninte theeradesha samathalathilum bharichirunnuvennu saakshyappeduthunnu.
bybilil.
israel raajyathinte charithratthinte oru parambaraagatha uravidam jootha raajyathinte thalasthaanamaaya jarusalemile ezhuthukaar ezhuthiya jootha baibilaan; oru ethiraaliyaaya raajyam ezhuthiyathinaal, aakhyaanathe swaadheenikkunna prathyayashaasthraparavum daivashaasthraparavumaaya kaazhchappaadukalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu ithu. kalaharanangal, aithihyangal, saahitya roopangal ennivayum kathaye badhikkunnu. israel saamraajyathinte naashathinu valarekkaalathinusheshamaan chila sambhavangal rekhappeduthiyathennu vishwasikkappedunnu. baibil puraavasthushaasthram baibil vivaranathinte chila bhagangal sthireekarikkukayum velluvilikkukayum cheythittundu. jootha baibil anusarichu, jarusalemil ninnu david makan solomon bharicha oru yunaittad kingdom oof israel (yunaittad monrashis) nilaninnirunnu, addehathinte maranashesham israelum yoodayum rund rajyangalaayi verpirinju. 
israel" enna perinte aadya paramarsham venkalayugathinte avasaanathil (c. bii. sii. iii. 1208); ithu valare kurachu uracha vivarangal nalkunnu, ennaal pilkkala raajyathinte peru raajyathil ninnu uthbhavikkunnathinekkaal kadameduthathaanennu soochippikkunnu. 
israel, yoodaa rajyangal thammilulla bandham.
hebru baibil anusarichu, vibhajanathinu sheshamulla aadya arupath varshakkalam, yehuda rajaakkanmaar vadakkan raajyathinte mail thangalude adikaaram punasthaapikkaan sramikkukayum avarkkidayil nirantharamaaya yuddham nadakkukayum cheythu. thudarnnulla enpathu varshakkalam avar thammil oru thuranna yudhavum undaayilla, kaaranam, israayelinethire oru vadakkan munkai thurakkunna, bhooribhaagavum, yoodaa aram-damaaskasumaayi oru sainika sakhyathil earppettirunnu.yehoodaaraajaavaaya yehosafat israel bharikkunna ahab kudumbavumaayi vivaahathiloode sakhyamundakkiyathodeyaanu israelum yehuda thammilulla samgharsham thaalkkaalikamaayi pariharikkappettath. pinneedu, yehosophathinte makan pingaamiyumaaya yehudayile yehoram, ahaabinte makal athalya vivaham kazhichu sakhyam urappichu. ennirunnaalum, bisi 840 oode nadanna attimariyethudarnnu ahaabinte puthranmaare jehu vadhichu.
hazael muthal jeroboyam randaaman vare.
hazelinal parajayappettathinushesham, adad-nirari moonnaamante aram-damaskasinethiraaya prachaaranangalethudarnnu israel purogamanaparamaaya veendedukkalinte oru kaalaghattatthinu thudakkam kurichu. ithu aathyanthikamayi jerobovam randaamante keezhil valia praadeshika vipuleekaranathinte oru kaalaghattatthilekku nayikkunnu, addeham vadakkan transjordaaniludaneelam raajyathinte swathukkal vyapippichu. jerobovam randaamante maranathethudarnnu, vibhageeyamaaya shathruthayudeyum simhasanathinaayulla poraattangaludeyum falamaayi raajyam thakarchayude oru kaalaghattatthinu vidheyamaayi.
raajyathinte nasham, 732-720 bce.
sii. bii. sii. 732ll israelile pekka rajaavu, araam rajaavaaya resinumaayi sakhyamundaakkiyappol jarusalemine bheeshanippedutthi. yoodaaraajaavaaya ahaz assyriayile rajaavaaya tiglath-pileser moonnaamanodu sahaayathinaayi abhyarthichu. ahaz tiglath-pilesarinu kappam nalkia sesham, tiglath-pilesar damascasineyum israelineyum kollayadichu, gileyaadile ruban, gaad, manasse gothrangalude aram pradeshavum koottichertthu, jethur, nafish, nodab ennivayude marubhoomi autposttukal ulppede. rubanite nethaavu ulppedeyulla eee gothrangalil ninnulla aalukale bandikalaakki khabur nadeethadatthinte pradeshathu, halah, habor, harah, gojan () ennividangalil punaradhivasippichu. tiglath-pilesar naftali pradeshavum ephraimile janoh nagravum pidichedukkukayum naftali pradeshathu oru assyrian govarnore niyamikkukayum cheythu. koodaathe, araaminte janasamkhyayum israelinte pidichadakkiya bhaagavum assyriayilekku naadukadatthappettu.
vadakkan israel saamraajyathinte bakkiyullava bii. sii. iii 720 vare oru swatantra rajyamaayi churungiya pradeshathinullil nilaninnu, pinneedu assyria veendum akramikkukayum bakkiyulla janasamkhya naadukadatthappedukayum cheythu. assyriakkaar ephraim pradeshathu moonnu varshathe samaria uparodhathinidayil, shalmanesar vii marichu, addehathinte pingamiyaayi sargon randaaman aaa nagaram pidichadakkiyathaayi rekhappeduthunnu "samaria njaan nokki, njaan pidikoodi; athil thaamasichirunna 27,180 pere njaan assooriyayilekku kondupoyi". angane, bisi 720 oode, rund noottaandukalkku sesham, patthu gothrangalude raajyam avasaanichu. israel thadavukaaril chilare khaboor mekhalayilum baakkiyullavare medyarude rajyath punaradhivasippichu, angane ekbattaanayilum roshathilum hebru samoohangal sthaapichu. vadakkan raajyathil ninnu mattu thadavukaare sargon assyrian thalasthaanamaaya nineveyilekku kondupoyathaayum, prathyekichu naftaliyile eesbe pattanatthil ninnu toobit cheythathaayum toobit pusthakatthil rekhappeduthiyittundu.
israel raajyathile janasamkhya naadukadatthappettathaayum nashtappetta patthu gothrangal ennariyappettathaayum jootha baibil vivarikkunnu. thekk, yehuda gothram, shimeon gothram (yehoodayilekku "layikkapettu"), benchamin gothram, avarude idayil jeevichirunna yadhaartha israel raashtrathile lavie gothratthile janangal ennivar thekkan rajyamaaya yehudayil thudarnnu. bisi 586ll navaa-babylonian saamrajyam keezhadakkunnathuvare yoodaa raajyam oru swatantra rajyamaayi nilaninnu.
samarittan pathipp.
aadhunika samarittanmaarude poorvvikar aaya naftali, menasse, benchamin, levi gothrangal ulppede vadakkan israel raajyathile janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum naadukadathappettathinushesha nilaninnathayi samarittan paarambaryam parayunnu. israeli ezhuthukaaraaya israel finkelsteinum neel asher silberman thangalude 'baibil kandethi' enna pusthakatthil, vadakkan israel raajyathile janasamkhyayude anjilonnu (ekadesham 40,000) pere maathrame tiglath-pileser III, sargon II ennee rund naadukadatthal kaalaghattangalil eee pradeshathu ninnu yadhaarthathil punaradhivasippichirunnu kanakkakkunnu. vadakkan gothrangalil palarum thekk yoodaa raajyathekku palayanam cheythu; eee kaalayalavil jarusalem anchiratti valippathil vikasichathayi thonnunnu, oru puthiya mathil nirmmikkendathum hiskiah rajaavu nalkenda oru puthiya jala srothass aavashyamaayirunnu.
charithram rekhappeduthunnu.
israeli ezhuthukaaraaya israel finkelsteinum neel asher silberman thangalude 'baibil kandethi' enna pusthakatthil, vadakkan israel raajyathile janasamkhyayude anjilonnu (ekadesham 40,000) pere maathrame tiglath-pileser III, sargon II ennee rund naadukadatthal kaalaghattangalil eee pradeshathu ninnu yadhaarthathil punaradhivasippichirunnu kanakkakkunnu. israelile naalu gothrangalil ninnulla aalukale assyriakkaar naadukadatthiyathaayi ariyappedunna baibil ithara rekhakalonnumilla daan, asher, isachar, sebuloon. ruben, gaad, manasse, ephraim, naftali ennividangalil ninnu aalukale naadukadatthiyathinekkurichu vivaranagal soochippikkunnathu eee gothrangalil oru bhagam maathrame naadukadatthappettullavum avare naadukadatthiya sthalangal akkoundukalil nalkiyirikkunna sthalangalaanennum soochippikkunnu. naadukadatthappetta samudaayangal rajaakkanmaarude pusthakangaludeyum charithrangaludeyum rachanayude samayat ippozhum nilanilkkunnathayi paraamarshikkappedunnu, avaa swaamsheekaranathiloode aprathyakshamaayilla. 2 dinavrithaanthangal assyriakkaar, prathyekichu ephraim, manasse, asher, isaker, sebuloon ennee janangalil ninnu rakshapetta vadakkan israayelyarekkurichum hiskeeyaavinte bharanakaalathu avasaanathe moonnu amgangalum yerooshalemile kshethrathil aaraadhanaykkaayi engane madangiyethiyennum vyakthamaayi paraamarsikkunnu.
matham.
israel raajyathinte mathaparamaya kaalavastha rund pradhana pravanathakal pinthudarnnathaayi thonnunnu. aadyathethu, yaahveyude aaradhana. ennirunnaalum, hebru bybililum () ugaarittil kandethiya baal chakratthilum vishadeekarichirikkunnathu vadakkan israayelyarude oru bhaagavum baal aaraadhikkunnuvennu jootha baibil prasthaavikkunnu. purathana israayelinte mathathe aadhunika pandithanmaar chilappol yahvism ennu vilikkunnu.
baal aaradhana raajyathin sveekaaryamaakaan ahab anuvadichathaayum jootha baibil parayunnu. addehathinte bhaarya jeesebel tayarile phoeneeshyan raajaavinte makalum baal aaraadhanayude bhakthayumaayirunnu.
rajakeeya bhavanangal.
baibil anusarichu, vadakkan raajyathin athinte 208 varshathe nilanilppiludaneelam 9 vyathyastha rajavamshangalilaayi 19 raajaakkanmaarundaayirunnu.
israel raajyathe (samaarya) kurichulla nirddishta assyrian paraamarshangalude pattika.
thaazhe koduthirikkunna pattika assyrian rekhakalil israel raajyathe (samaria) kurichulla ellah charitraparamaaya paraamarshangalum pattikappedutthunnu. oomri raajaavinte peru assyrian roopamaaya "humri", addehathinte raajyam allengil rajavamsham bitt humri allengil orupoleyulla-"humri/oomri veedu" ennivayaanu.

