
miinii tujoh likhitham

indoneshyayile acheyile pirak timur jillayile north acheyude regencyile mineyude tujoh graamatthil ninnu kandethiya ore shavakudeerathile rund shavakudeerangalude roopathilulla rund likhithangalaanu miniye tujoh likhitham. shavakudeerathinte thalayilulla likhitham arabic bhashayilum javi (arabic tharam) lipiyilum, paadangalilullathu pazhaya sumatran (indian tharam) lipiyode pree-classical malay bhaashayilaan ezhuthiyirikkunnathu. maleya grandham aadyamaayi vivarthanam cheythath dablyu.eph. echu enna chithratthiloode stattarhaim (1936). dijajadiningrat, koodaathe jii kooduthal parishkarichu.iii. maarisan (1951), dablyu. vaan derr mollen (2007); arabic paatam aadyamaayi cheythath djaadiningraattum (1936, prasidheekarikkappedaathu) ell. kalus (2005).
marichupoya oru asanese sulthaante makalude maranathe anusmarippikkunna rund shavakudeerangalum islaamikamaanu. rund kallukalileyum theeyathiyum divasavum onnuthanneyaanenkilum varshangalkk patthu hijri varshangalude vyathyaasamund ennathaanu mattoru savisheshatha (781 manikkoor/1380 sii. iii. vezhsas. 791 manikkoor/1389 sii. iii.). oru varshathinide aksharappishak pishak undaayittundaakaamenn vidagdhar karuthunnu. 
pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathil vadakkan sumatrayil oru saamskaarika parivartthanam nadannathaayi miniye tujuh likhithathinte nilanilpp kaanikkunnu, avide malaysian samskaarathil munbu valare praadhaanyamulla hindu-buddha swaadheenangalkku pakaram arab, pershyan swaadheenangal vannu. eee samayathinu sesham eee pradeshathu kandethiya vividha likhithangalum shavakudeerangalum arabic reethiyilulla lipiyilaan. koodaathe, naalu varikalulla charanangalo chathushkonangalo chernna parambaraagatha malayan kavithayaya sayyirinte aadyakaala thelivaayum malayan pathipp likhitham kaanaan kazhiyum.
vaachakam.
arabic vaachakam.
arabic paatam vaayikkukayum vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheyyuka. calus, thaazhepparayunna reethiyil
eiii (munbhagam)
bii (pinbhagam)
malaysian vaachakam.
dablyu anusarichu maleya paatatthinte lipyantharanavum vivarthanavum. vaan derr mollen, thaazhepparayunna reethiyil
eiii (munbhagam)
bii (pinbhagam)

