
jaims jii. birney

kentakkiyile danvilleyil janicha oru american unmoolanavaadiyum raashtreeyakkaaranum abhibhaashakanumaayirunnu jaims gillespie birney (februvari 4,1792-november 18,1857). oru thottakkaranum adimayum enna nilayil ninnu adimatha nirmmaarjjanavaadathilke marria addeham, unmoolanashanavadi vaarikayaaya "dhii fortloppist" prasidheekarichu. adimatha virudha liberty party president sthaanaarthiyaayi addeham randuthavana sevanamanushtichu.
nyoojezhsi collegil ninnu birudam nedukayum alexander jeey. yude keezhil padikkukayum cheytha sesham birney danvilleyil niyamajeevitam thudarnnu. dallas. henry kleyude prachaaranangalkkayi addeham sannadhapravarthanam nadathukayum taunn kaunsilil sevanamanushtikkukayum oru freemesonaayi maarukayum cheythu. 1816ll demookratik-republican partyile amgamaayi kentakki house oof representativesilekkula thiranjeduppil addeham vijayichu. 1818-ll addeham alabaamayile maadisan kaundiyil oru parutthi thottam sthaapikkukayum adutha varsham alabama house oof representativesilekkula thiranjeduppil vijayikkukayum cheythu. birney oduvil thottangal vilkkukayum alabaamayile hundsvilleyil oru niyamaparamaaya practies sthaapikkukayum aaa mekhalayile ettavum vijayakaramaya abhibhashakariloraalaayi maarukayum cheythu.
1820kalil adimatham moolam birney kooduthal aswasthathayilaayi. aafrikkan amerikkakkaarude aafrikkan bhookhandathilekkulla kudiyettatthinu vendi vaadikkunna american kolanivalkkarana samoohathil addeham amgamaayi. samghadanaykkaayi vividha rolukalil sevanamanushticha sesham, adimatham udan nirthalaakkanamennu birney ahvaanam cheyyaan thudangi. 1835-ll addeham sinsinnaattiyilekku thamasam maari, adutha varsham "jeevakaarunya pravartthakan" sthaapichu. american adimatha virudha samoohathil amgamaayengilum sthreekalkku thulya avakaashangalodulla ethirppu kaaranam addeham aaa groupil ninnu raajivachu. 1840ll birney liberty party naamanirddesham sweekarikkukayum janakeeya vottinte 0.3 sathamaanam nedukayum cheythu. 1844ll addeham veendum liberty party naamanirddesham sweekarikkukayum janakeeya vottinte 2.3 sathamaanam nedukayum jaims keey. yeei pinnilakkukayum cheythu. polkkum kalimannum. 1841-ll birney mishiganilekku thamasam maarukayum bay sitti mishigan pattanam sthaapikkaan sahayikkukayum cheythu.
cheruppam.
kentakkiyile danvilleyil athe perilulla sambannanaaya airish episcopalian adimakkuttikku janicha jaims jii. birnick moonnu vayassulla amma maartha reed nashtappettu. thante pithaavinte abhyarthanaprakaaram irelandilninnu vanna vidhavayaya ammayiyaanu adhehatheyum sahodariye valarthiyathu. adimathathodulla ammaayiyude ethirppu addehathe swaadheenichu; aval adimakale swanthamaakkaan visammathichu. 1795 aayappozhekkum pithaavinte rund sahodarimaarum avarude kudumbangalum irelandil ninnu kudiyeri addehathinte veedinaduthulla krishiyidangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. addehathinte ammayude bandhukkalil bhooribhaagavum kentakkiyile mersor kaundiyude mattu pradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. valarnnappol adimathathe addeham vividha kaazhchappaadukalil ninnu kandu. kentakki samsthaanam oru adima raashtramaayi yooniyanil cherunnathu thadayaan pithaav poraadi, aaa sramam paraajayappettappol, niyamanirmmanam samsthaanathu ninnulla adimatham mothatthil nirthalaakkunnathuvare, oru vyakthikk avarodu maanushikamaayi perumaarunna kaalatholam adimakale swanthamaakkaamennu addeham theerumaanichu. birneyude kudumbatthile mattu amgangalkku vyakthiparamaaya dhaarmika utharavaaditham anubhavappedukayum adimakale swanthamaakkaan visammathikkukayum cheythu. swantham bhaagathekku, birney thante pithaavinodu yojikkukayum aaram vayassil thante aadya adimayaaya maikkal enna swantham praayathilulla aankutty sweekarikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, thante youvanathilum vidyaabhyaasathilum bhooribhaagavum addeham adimatha virudha kazhchappadukalulla adhyaapakarudeyum suhruthukkaludeyum swaadheenathilaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, thante youvanathil oru snaapanavaadiyaaya adimatha nirmmaarjjanavaadiyaaya david baaro nalkia niravadhi prabhashanangalil addeham pankedutthu, athu pinneedu addeham snehathode oormmippichu.
school vidyaabhyaasam.
birnick pathinonnu vayassaayappol kentakkiyile lexingtonilulla transylvania sarvakalaashaalayilekk addehathe ayachu, avide birneyude adhyapakaril oralaaya roobert haamilttan bishop samsthaanathe adimathathe thurannuparayunna aadyakaala athiraalikalil oraalaayirunnu."rund varshathinu sesham addeham veettilekku madangiyethi, danvilleyil aarambhicha oru presbytarian manushyan nadathunna schoolil praveshikkukayum avide addeham kooduthalum shaasthrathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla padanatthil mikavu pulartthukayum cheythu. 1808-ll pathinaram vayassil addeham koleju oof nyoojezhsiyil (pinneedu prinsettan yooniversitti) praveshichu. rashtreeya thathwachintha, yukthi, dhaarmika thathwachintha enniva padicha addeham oru praaveenyamulla samvaadakanaayi ariyapettu. sahapaadikalkkidayil addeham jorjju emm.-maayi nalla suhruthukkalaayi. dallas. oru yukthivaadiyum adimatha virudhanaaya ezhuthukaaranumaaya addeham school presidentinte (saamuval stanhop smith) keezhil padichu. joonn mccleante adimatha virudha chinthayum addeham thurannukaatti. 1810 septambar 26nuu birney prinsettanil ninnu birudam nedi.
birudapatanathinushesham danvilleyilekku madangiyethiya addeham henry kleyude prachaaranatthinaayi oru maasam pravarthichu. athinusesham addeham filadelfiyayil alexander jeey. yude offeesil niyamam padikkaan thudangi. dallas, thante prinsettan suhruthum sahapaadiyumaaya pithaavaayirunnu. ganyamaaya saambathika marggangal aasvadichirunna addeham gathaagathathinaayi oru kuthiravandi undaayirunnu, ellaayppozhum nannayi vasthram dharichirunnu. praadeshika kwekar samoohathile amgangalumaayi addeham sauhrudam sthaapichu. adutha moonnu varshakkalam addeham dallasinoppam filadelfiyayil thudarnnu, philadelphia baar pareekshayil vijayikkukayum baar associationil praveshikkukayum cheythu, ithu addehathinu niyamam abhyasikkanulla avakasham nalki.
niyamaparamaaya practies.
1814 meyy maasathil birney thante janmanaadilekku madangukayum avide niyamapariseelanam aarambikkukayum praadeshika baankinte acting attorniyayi maarukayum cheythu. danvilleyilum kentakkiyile mattu nagarangalilum sivil, criminal kesukal addeham kaikaaryam cheythu. 1812leeii yuddham samsthaanathinullile vyaapaarathil bhinnatha srishtichathinaal kentakkiyude sambadvyavastha eee samayat valare moshamaayirunnu. aavasyangal niravettunnathil budhimuttundaayirunnathu, birney eee samayat praadhamikamaayi oru claim adjusteraayi upajeevanam nadatthi.
pithaavinte paatha pinthudarnnu, danvilleyilekku madangiyethiya sesham birney oru freemason danvilleyude taunn kaunsil amgavum aayitheernnu, ithu addehathe nagaratthile saamoohika varenya vibhaagathil amgamaakki. addeham agatha mcdovalumaayi pranayathilaakukayum 1816 februvari 1 nuu oru presbytarian palliyil vachu avale vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu; avarkk 11 kuttikalundaayirunnu, avaril 6 perr praayapoorthiyaakunnathuvar athijeevichu. yuvadambathikalkku labhicha vivaha sammanangalil achanteyum ammayiyammayudeyum adimakalum ulppedunnu. birnick thante unmoolanaavaada kaazhchappaadukal poornnamaayum vikasippikkendivannil addeham avaye dayaapoorvam sweekarichu. adimatham sariyaanennu thaan orikkalum vishwasichathaayi oorkkunnilla ennu pilkkala jeevithathil birney pala avasarangalilum paranjathaayi ariyappedunnu.
kentakki raashtreeyam.
1815-ll, ningalkkayi malsarichirunna henry kleyude vijayakaramaya prachaaranatthinaayi addeham veendum pravarthichu.ezz. kongras. kentakki govarnorinaayi malsarichu vijayicha jorjju madison vendi addeham pracharanam nadatthi (maadisan maasangalkk sesham marichu). jorjju maadisan addehathinte bhaarya agatha mcdowellinte ammavan koodiyaayirunnu. akkaalat addehathinte rashtreeya vikarangal demookratik-republican paarttikkoppamaayirunu. 1816-ll, mersor kaundiye prathinidheekarikkunna kentakki niyamanirmmanasabhayil birney oru seett nedi, irupathinaalaam vayassil kentakki house oof representativesile amgamaayi. 1817-ll kentakkiyile puthuthayi niyamikkapetta govarnor, gabriel aravu, ohiyoyileyum indiayileyum govarnarmaar ennivar thammil kentakkiyile olichodiya adimakale pidikoodaanum thirichayakkaanum ahvaanam cheiyunna niyamangal paasakkunnathinaayi oru sambhashanam aarambikkaan nirddeshikkunna oru prameyam kentakki senatt thayyarakki.
birneyude ethirppu veendum undaayirunnittum oru puthiya prameyam thayyarakki paasaakkiyenkilum birney eee prameyathe shakthamayi ethirkkukayum athu paraajayappedukayum cheythu. kentakki raashtreeyathil thanikk valare kurachu bhaavi maathrame kaananakoo ennathinaal, oru raashtreeyajeevitham aarambhikkaamenna pratheekshayode birney alabaamayilekku marran theerumaanichu.
alabama.
1818 februvariyil addeham thante kudumbatthe alabaamayile maadisan kaundiyilekku maatti, avide addeham oru paruthithottavum adimakalum vaangi, avaril bhooribhaagavum kentakkiyil ninnu thannodoppam vannu. 1819-ll birney maadisan kaundiye prathinidheekarikkunna alabama house oof representativesile amgamaayi. avide aayirikkumbol, yajamanan prosecutor sakshy avarude bandhukkalum jooriyile amgangalaakunnathil ninnu vilakkikkond juurii panamadachulla niyama upadeshtaavu vichaarana cheiyunna adimakalkku thaangavunna oru niyamam thayyarakkan addeham sahayichu. ithu, andrew jaxone yuu. eiii. yilek naamanirddesham cheiyunnathinodu addehathinte ethirppinoppam.ezz. president, alabaamayile thante bhaaviyile rashtreeya abhilaashangale thadassappeduthi. rund pere vyakthiparamayi vadhich moshamaayi perumaariyathinte adisthaanathilaanu addeham jaxone ethirthathu.
1823-ll, parutthi thottatthil niravadhi prasnangal neritta sesham, birney veendum niyamam abhyasikkunnathinaayi alabaamayile hundsvilleyilekku maari. addehathinte saambathika prasnangal bhaagikamaayi kuthirappanthaya choothaatta seelam moolamaayirunnu, athu niravadhi nashtangalkku sesham addeham upekshichu. thante daasanaaya michelineyum maikkelinte bharya moonnu makkaleyum vettayaadaan addeham konduvannuvenkilum addehathinte adimakalil bhooribhaagavum thottatthil thaamasichu.
eee samayat oru joonn mckinley ulppede niravadhi abhibhaashakar aaa pradeshathu practies cheythirunnu. addehathinte peru addehathinu munbaayirunnu, addehathe alabama baar associationil praveshippichu. 1823ll birney alabaamayude anchaamathe jillayude abhibhashakanaakkaan mckinly mattu niravadhi pramukha amgangalum vijayakaramaayi pracharanam nadatthi. aaa varshaavasaanathode addeham thante thottam adachupoottaan theerumaanikkukayum, thottatthile adimakale nalla swabhaavathinum adimakalodulla dayaykkum peruketta thante oru suhruthinu vilkkukayum cheythu. thottangaludeyum adimakaludeyum vilppanayethudarnnu addeham saambathika sthiratha kaivarikkukayum udaaramaaya oru sthalam vaangukayum hundsvilleyil oru valia ishtika veedu nirmmikkukayum cheythu. varshangalkk munbu danvilleyilekku aadyamaayi madangiyethiyappol addeham orikkalkkoodi eee puthiya pattanatthile saamoohika varenyavargathil amgamaayi. oru public prosecutor enna nilayilulla addehathinte chumatalakalkk purame, addehathinte swakaarya niyama oafees valare laabhakaramaanennu thelinju.
1825 aayappozhekkum addeham arther eph. yodu sahakarichu vadakkan alabaamayile ettavum dhanikanaya abhibhaashakanaayirunnu. hoppins. adutha varsham, kooduthal sthirothsaahathode swantham currier thudaraanaayi addeham solisittar general sthaanam raajivachu. adutha niravadhi varshangalil addeham jolie cheyyukayum palappozhum karuthavargakkaare samrakshikkukayum oru swakaarya skoolinte trasttiyaayi niyamikkappedukayum presbytarian palliyil cherukayum cheythu. 1828ll addeham joonn kwinsey aadamsinteyum richard rush tikkattinteyum vottaraayi. andrew jaxoninteyum joonn sii. yudeyum raashtreeyam veekshichukondu addeham aadamsine addehathinte yaadhaasthithikathaykku shakthamayi pinthunachu. union bheeshaniyaayi kaalhoun. birney niraashappeduthikkondu jaaksan vijayichu. ennirunnaalum, thante vishwaasangale pinthunaykkaan addeham mattu vazhikal kandethi. 1829-ll, addehathinte saha pouranmaar addehathe alabaamayile hundsvilleyude meyaraayi thiranjedutthu, ithu addehathinte puthuthayi kandethiya vishwaasathil pravartthikkaanum pothu vidyaabhyaasathilum samyamanathilum parishkaarangalkkayi pravartthikkaanum addehathe anuvadichu.
american kolanivalkkarana samooham.
adimathathekkurichulla thante kaazhchappaadukal punarmoolyanirnayikkaanum birneyude mathaparamaya avesham addehathe prothsaahippichu. jaaksan bharanakoodatthinte raashtreeyathaal kooduthal kooduthal anyavalkkarikkappetta addeham 1826-ll american kolanivalkkarana samooham kandethi. 1829-ll henry clay addehathe esiyude josia polkkumaayi parichayappedutthukayum samoohathinte aadyakaala pinthunakkaaranaayi maarukayum cheythu. aafrikkayile liberiayil swatantra karuthavarggakkaarkku oru koolani aarambhich avar roopappeduthiyennu karuthappedunna prashnam pariharikkanulla saadhyathayil addeham kauthukabharithanaayirunnu. 1830 januvariyil addeham alabaamayile hundsvilleyil oru adhyayam aarambikkaan sahayikkukayum athinte saahithyathil amgathvam nedukayum cheythu.
skoolinu udaaramaaya oru dhanasahayam labhichathinethudarnnu kolejile professormaare thedi alabama sarvakalaashaalayilekk kizhakkan theerathekku addehathe ayachu. 1830 august muthal october vare addeham philadelphia, nyoo brunswick, newyork, nyoo heven, boosttan, ohiyo, kentakki enniva sandarshichu. niravadhi shupaarshakalumaayi addeham veettilekku madangukayum addehathinte sevanagalkk nandi parayukayum cheythu. eee pradeshangalil, kentakki ozhike, unionile swatantra samsthaanangalude saannidhyam addehathe valareyadhikam prothsaahippichu. athe varsham thanne addeham henry kleyumaayi orutharam abhipraayavyathyaasamundaayum demookratik-republican partic vendi kooduthal pracharanam avasanippikkukayum cheythu.
1831-ll, birney illinoyisilekku maarunnathinekkurichu chinthikkaan thudangi, kaaranam thante kuttikal adima raashtrathil valarunnathinekurichulla aashayathil addeham aswasthanaayirunnu. thante bakkiyulla adima michaelineyum michaelinte bharya avide moonnu makkaleyum mochippikkumennu paranju addeham palappozhum illinoyisilekkulla oru neekkathe paraamarshichu. ennaal, ithu orikkalum nadakkaathe pooyi. 1832-ll american kolanivalkkarana samooham avarude lakshyam prothsaahippikkunnathi thekk chuttikkarangaan oru ejantu enna nilayil addehathinu oru sthaanam vaagdaanam cheyyukayum addeham athu amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. kudiyettakkaarude liberiayilekkulla purappaad samghadippikkunnathum kolanivalkkaranatthe prathirodhikkunnathinaayi lekhanangal ezhuthunnathum ulppede addeham chila vijayangal nedi. ennirunnaalum, thante prekshakare kolanivalkkaranathilekku parivartthanam cheiyunnathil parajayappetta addeham athinte falapraapthiyekkurichum adimathathinte sweekaaryathayekkurichum samshayam prakadippikkaan thudangi. 1832 aayappozhekkum addeham kentakkiyile danvilleyilekku madangaan theerumaanichirunnu.
kramena vimochanam.
danvilleyilekku madangunnathinumumbu oru varsham munbu, kentakkiyile adima udamakalkku birney kathukal ezhuthi, avar neratthe vimochanathinu pinthuna prakadippichirunnu, avar udan thanne eee vishayathil oru kanvenshan nadathanamennu nirddeshichu. 1832 desember 6nuu onpathu adima udamakal maathram pankedutthukondu sammelanam nadannu. avaril bhooribhaagavum thangalude ippozhathe adimakale mochippikkukayalla, marichu irupathonnaam vayassil avarude adimayude santhathikale mochippikkumennu prathijnjayedutthu. kramena vimochanam" enna eee ashayam prolsaahippikkunnathi adimakalallaathavare konduvarikayum eee cheria samgham lakshyamittu.
unmoolanam cheiyunnavar.
american kolanivalkkarana samoohatheyum athinte padhathikaleyum birney nirasichathu valareyadhikam swaadheenamundaakki; jeritt smith ithine "aakhoshicha" ennu vilichu.
addeham sosaittiyude jeevanakkaaranaayirunnu, athinte ejantumaaril oraalaayirunnu. "kolanivalkkaranathekkurim thekk athinte praayogika falangalekkurichum oru manushyan mikacha arivilla."
1833-ll, american kolanivalkkarana samoohathinte thathwangal nirasikkukayum pakaram adimatham udan nirthalaakkanamennu aavasyappedukayum cheytha niravadhi kristhyan samghadanakal oppitta oru prabandham addeham vaayichu. sosaittiyude maasikayaaya "aafrikkan reposityri" yude eathaandu muzhuvan bhaagavum addehathekkurichulla oru utharathino "avalokanathino" vendi neekkivachirunnu. ithu jeevithaanubhavathinum vidyaabhyaasathinumoppam adimatham ennennekkumaayi nirthalaakkanamennu birnick thirichariyaan kaaranamaayi. leyne seminari samvaadangalude samghaadakanaaya theodor veldumaayulla kathidapaadukalilum charchakalilum prachodanam ulkkond addeham thante sheshikkunna adimakale mochippikkukayum 1834 ll svayam oru unmoolanavaadiyaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
unmoolanaavaada pathram.
sinsinnatti thante aasthaanamaakkaan birney theerumaanikkukayum avideyulla suhruthukkalumaayum unmoolana prasthaanatthile saha amgangalumaayum bandhappedukayum cheythu. adimatha virudha pathram prasidheekarikkunnathil pinthuna nedunnathinaayi addeham pravarthichu. eee samayat, nagaratthil naalu pathrangal undaayirunnu, "sinsinnatti dinapatra" ozhikeyullava ellaam pittennu "raundu eboutt" edittoriyalukal puratthirakki, athu pothuve unmoolanam cheiyunnathinte thettukale aakramichu. dhii dayley poost" (sinsinnatti posttumaayi thettidharikkaruthu) enna oru pathram, avarude nagaratthil adimatha virudha saahityam rachikkaan purappettavare polum aalkkoottakkola cheyyanamennu aavasyappettu.
edittar chaals haammandinte udamasthathayilulla "gasatt" birneyudeyum addehathinte pathratthinteyum orutharam sakhyakakshiyayi maari. neegrovark thulya avakaashangale hammond thanne pinthunachillenkilum, maadhyamaswaathanthryavum abhipraaya swaathanthryavum enna ashayathe addeham pinthunachu. vadakku adimathvam niyamavidheyamaakkaanulla thekk bhaagatthinte sramangaleyum addeham shakthamayi ethirthu.
birneyude yadhaartha padhathi danvilleyil thante unmoolanavaadi pathram prasidheekarikkuka ennathaayirunnu. 1835 augustil, 4 allengil 500 aalukalude oru yogam keey. yile danvilleyil yogam chernnu., jaims jii. birney thante nirmarjana prabandham prasidheekarikkunnathine ethirthu. birney kaathirikkaanum avarude prameyangalude oru pakarpp nalkaanum 5 peradangunna oru samitiye thiranjedutthu. avan sahishnutha pularthaan kazhivulla oru manushyanayirikkanam! athu swantham apakadathilaayirikkum. thaan nilanilkkunnathupole thanne avan anantharafalangalil khedikkum."septambaril addeham" keey. vaii. yile danvilleyil oru nirmarjana prabandham prasidheekarikkunnathinu padhathi upekshichu ennu njangal kandethunnu., sinsinnaattiyilekku maatti. valare nalla aashayamaanu."
birney thante unmoolanavaada vaarikayaaya sinsinnattiyil "dhii fortloppist" prasidheekarikkaan thudangiyappol, adhehavum pathravum aadyam muthal vivaada vishayamaayirunnu, bhooribhaagam praadeshika pathrangalum mattullavarum addehathe ishtappedaathirikkaan aavunnathellam cheythu. louisville jenal addehathinte pathratthe nerittu bheeshanippeduthunna oru kadutha edittoriyal ezhuthi.
1836 juulai 14nuu oru janakkoottam birneyude maadyamangal nashippichu. juulai 30nuu pathrangal veendum akramikkappettu; achadisaala kashanangalayi thakarkkappedukayum ettavum valia kashanam theruvukaliloode valichizhachu nadiyil eriyukayum cheythu. janakkoottam birney thoovalum thattiyedukkaan shramichenkilum kandethanaayilla. avar karuthavarude veedukal nashippichu; 1836 leeii sinsinnatti kalaapamaan ellaam. 
ennirunnaalum, thante pathratthinu vendi ezhuthunnathu adimathathinethire niyamaparamaayi pooraadunnathinulla ashayangal vikasippikkaan addehathe sahayichu. saalman pii. yumayi pravartthikkumbol addeham avaa upayogichu. ohaayoyilekk rakshapetta adimakale samrakshikkaan vettayaadunnu. 1837ll oru adimaye paarppichathinu addehathinu 50 dollar pizha chumatthi. athe varsham thanne american adimatha virudha sosaitti addehathe oru offeesaraayum anubandha sekrattariyaayum niyamikkukayum addeham thante kudumbatthe newyorkkilekku maattukayum cheythu.
freedam party.
1840-ll american adimatha virudha samoohathinte bhinnathayode, sthreekalkku thulya avakaashangale athirthathinaal addeham thante sthaanam raajivachu. aaa varsham, nirmmarjanam mathramaayirunnu lakshyamitirunna puthuthayi roopeekaricha rashtreeya partyaya liberty party birney presidentaayi naamanirddesham cheythu. thaan vijayikkillenn krithyamaayi pravachicha addeham pakaram landanil nadanna loka adimatha virudha kanvenshanile prathinidhiyayi pooyi. kanvenshan addehathe vais president ennu namakaranam cheyyukayum addehathinte rachanakal yunaittad kingdatthiludaneelam pracharippikkukayum cheythu. addeham thirichethiyappol, karuthavareyum olichodiya adimakaleyum samrakshikkaanulla sramangalil liberty party addehathinte niyama vaidagdhyam upayogichu. 1844leeii president thiranjeduppil wig party sthaanaarthi henry claimil ninnu vottukal aakarshikkunnathinayi roopakalppana cheytha oru prachaaranatthiloode avar addehathe veendum thangalude sthaanaarthiyaayi thiranjedutthu. newyork thiranjeduppil, demokraat jaims keey. yodu kalimannu paraajayappettathinetthudar birney 15,812 vottukal nedi. verum 5,106 vottukalkku polkku; kalimannu eee samsthaanathu vijayichirunnenkil addeham electoral collegil bhooripaksham nedukayum thiranjeduppil vijayikkukayum cheiyumaayirunnu.
mishigan.
1841-ll birney thante puthiya bharyayodum kudumbathodumoppam mishiganile saaginaavilekku thamasam maari. bay sittiyile thante veedu mishigaanile veedu thayyarakunnathuvare addeham kurachu maasangal saaginaavile webstar hausil thaamasichu. bay sittiyile bhoomi vikasana bisinassilaayirunnu birney. punasamghadippicha sagina bay kambaniyude trasttiyaayirunna addeham, birney paarkkin addehathinte peru nalkia mishigan bay sittiyude aasoothranathil aazhathil earppettirunnu. birney mattu developermaarum avarude kammyoonittiyile pallikale pinthunaykkukayum avayude nirmmaanathinaayi panam neekkivaykkukayum cheythu. 1840lum 1844lum presidentaakaan malsarichathinu purame, 1845ll mishigan govarnor sthaanathekku birnick 3023 vottukal labhichu. 1855 vare birney mishiganil thudarnnu, addehathinte aarogyam addehathe kizhakkan theerathekku maatti.
bay sittiyil aayirikkumbol, birney thante niyamaparamaaya pravartthanangal, bhoomi vikasanam, deseeya adimatha virudha edapedal ennivaykku purame krishiyum kaarshika pravartthanangalum nayichu. nagaratthil labhyamaya sahayathinte abhavathekkurichu addeham abhipraayappedukayum swantham veliyil jolie cheiyunnathaayi kandethukayum cheythu.
addehathinte makan jaims birney, nagaratthile pithaavinte bisinesses thalpparyangal paripalikkunnathinaayi bay cityilekku vannu, pinneedu lover sagino ennu vilikkapettu. jaims bay sittiyil thudarukayum pithaavinte pothusevana paarambaryam pinthudarukayum cheythu. nagaratthinte kizhakk bhaagathulla pine ridge semitheriyilaan addehathe samskarichathu.
pakshaaghaatham.
1845 augustil, kuthirasavaari apakadathetthudarnnu birnick pakshaaghaatham anubhavapettu, athu jeevithakalam muzhuvan idaykkide aavarthichu. addehathinte avastha vashalaayathode addehathinte samsaarathe baadhichu, oduvil aamgyangaliloodeyum ezhuthiloodeyum ashayavinimayam nadatthaan addehathe anuvadichu (randaamathethu kadutha bhoochalanathaal budhimuttaayi). puthiya sambhavavikaasangalekkurich svayam ariyikkunnuvenkilum athinte falamaayi addeham thante pothujeevithavum unmoolana prasthaanatthile nerittulla pankaalitthavum avasaanippichu. adimatham avasaanippikkaan yuddham aavasyamaanennu bodhyappettukond 1857-ll nyoojezhsiyilvechu, adimatha nirmmarjana samarathinte suhruthukkalaaya theodor weld, bhaarya anjaleena grimke weld, sahodari saaraa grimke ennivarumaayi chernnu oru saamudaayika vaasasthalamaaya raarittan bay yooniyanil addeham marichu. newyorkkile grovelandile williamsburg semitheriyil addehathinte randaam bhaaryayude kudumbatthinte vasathiyil addehathe samskarichu.
bahumathikal.
1889-ll, washingtonile hillsdale parisarathulla oru karutha school, dii.sii.addehathinte bahumaanaartham birney school ennu namakaranam cheyyappettu. pinneedu ithu oru praadhamika vidyaalayamaayi maarukayum 1962ll ithine nichols avanyoo praadhamika vidyaalayam ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu.
kudumbam.
1816ll birney agatha mcdowell enna sthriye vivaham kazhichu. agatha yuu. yude makalaayirunnu.ezz. jaims maadisante vidoora bandhukkalaya kentakki vilyam mcdovalinteyum maargarat madisoninteyum jilla jadji. jayimsinteyum agathayudeyum vivaahathiloode pathinonnu kuttikal janichu, avaril aarr perr maathramaan kuttikkaalathu athijeevichatha jaims, vilyam, dioon, david bell, jorj, florence. 1838 octoberil agatha marichu.
1841 march 25 nuu birney elisabath potts fitshooginte (henry fitshooginteyum jeritt smithinte bhaarya aan karol fitshooginteyum sahodari) vivaham kazhichu. avarude rund makkal aan hugus birney (1844-1846), fitshog birney (1842-1864) ennivaraayirunnu.
birneyude mootha makan jaims govarnor austin blairinte keezhil mishigaanile 13-aamathe lefttanant govarnoraayum yuu. eiii. yaayum sevanamanushtichu.ezz. netherlandsile mantri.
birneyude naalu aanmakkal american aabhyantharayudhathil poraadi. 1864 octoberil rogam baadhichu maricha oru union armi mejar janaralaayirunnu david. vilyam oru yuu.ezz. yuu. yude inspector general.ezz. pinneedu yuu aayitheernna varnnasainyangal.ezz. columbia jillayude abhibhaashakan. dioon oru yuu aayirunnu.ezz. 1862-ll upadveep prachaaranatthinide maricha lefttanant. fitshog oru yuu aayirunnu.ezz. 1864 juunil pneumonia baadhichu marikkumbol mejar.
archival metteeriyal.
birneyude archive clements libraryilaanu, mishigan sarvakalaashaalayile aan arber, mii.