
lithwaniayile maadyama pravartthanangal

1990ll soviyatt yooniyanil (yuu. ezz. ezz. aarr) ninnu swaathanthryam labhikkunnathin munbu, lithwanian achadi maadyama mekhala pradhaanamaayum communist party oof lithwaniayude (ell. keey. pii) prachaarana upakaranamaayi pravarthichirunnu. 1988 muthal litwania sajudikalude parishkarana prasthaanatthinte samrambhaka samgham sthaapithamaayappol muthal badal, aniyanthrithamaaya maadyamangal rajyath prathyakshappedaan thudangi. swaathanthryam prakhyaapichathinushesham, maadhyamasthaapanangalil edapedunnathu sarkkar nirtthi, avaa aadyam avarude pathrapravarthakarkkum jeevanakkarkkum pinneedu praadeshika bisinasukaarkkum kambanikalkkum svakaaryavalkkarikkappedu. nilavil lithwaniayile maadyama udamasthaavakaasham oru cheria ennam aabhyanthara, videsha kambanikalkkidayilaanu kendreekarichirikkunnathu.
2017ll freedam house lithwaniayude pathraswaathanthryathe "swathanthram" ennu nirvachichappol, 2022ll reportermaar vithtu bordezhs (aarr. ezz. eph) thayyarakkunna loka pathraswaathanthrya soochika prakaram lithwaniayile pathrapravartthakar "thaarathamyena anukoolamaaya" anthareekshathilaanu pravartthikkunnathu. 180 rajyangalil aarr. ezz. ephinte soochika litwani onpathaam sthaanathaanu athikkunnathu. 2017 octoberil nadatthiya oru deseeya sarveyil prathikarichavaril 37.3% perr maathrame samooha maadhyamangale vishwasikkunnulloo ennu kandethi.
charitraparamaaya pashchaathalam.
1990ll litwania swaathanthryam prakhyaapichirunnuvenku-oru varshathinusesham yuu. ezz. ezz. aarr athu amgeekarichu-1988 muthal litwania sajudis parishkarana prasthaanatthinte samrambhaka samgham sthaapithamaayappol muthal badal, aniyanthrithamaaya maadyamangal rajyath prathyakshappedaan thudangi. janaadhipathyathilekkula parivartthana kaalayalavil (1988-1990) sajudikal vaividhyamaarnna maadyama bhooprakrithiyude adisthaanam sthaapich deseeyavum praadeshikavumaaya niravadhi pathrangal prasidheekarichu. swaathanthryam prakhyaapichathinushesham, maadhyamasthaapanangalil edapedunnathu sarkkar nirtthi, avaa mikkavarum avarude pathrapravarthakarkkum jeevanakkarkkum svakaaryavalkkarikkappedu.
lithwaniayile pathra sheershakangalude ennam 1990-1992 ll kuthane vardhikkukayum athinte aparamaaya vaividhyam urappakkukayum cheythu. 1995ll 477 pathrangalude sheershakangal undaayirunnu. radio, television vipaniyilum vardhanayundaayi. ennirunnaalum, 1996leeii saambathika maandyathe thudarnnu pathrangaludeyum jenalukaludeyum vitharanam kuranju. 1998leeii russian saambathika prathisandhi lithwanian sambadvyavasthayeyum prathikoolamaayi baadhichu, ithu bhooribhaagam janasamkhyaykkum vilakoodiya pathrangal vaangaanulla vaayanakkaarude kazhivine baadhichu.
lithwanian swaathanthryathinte aadya varshangalil uyarnnuvanna noorukanakkinu joyint stokku kambanikal aadyam praadeshika bisinasukaarkkum kambanikalkkum vittu. 1990kalude avasaanathode iva valia prasidheekarana kambanikaloo videsha nikshepakaro vaangi. innu litwaniyayil oru cheria ennam aabhyanthara, videsha kambanikalkku maadhyamangalude udamasthaavakaashamundu.
maadhyamasthaapanangal.
achadi, internettu maadyamangal.
litwaniyayil kazhinja varshangalil pathrangaludeyum pathrangaludeyum vaayanakkaarude ennathil ganyamaaya idivu anubhavappedunnu. 2018num 2021num idayil ettavum janapriyamaaya lakkangalude prekshakarude ennam eathaandu pakuthiyaayi kuranju, athesamayam valia maandyathinu sesham lithwanian achadi pathrangalude ennam thudarchayaayi kurayukayaanu. adacha palathinum purame, udaaharanathinu lithwuwos sinios, mattullava aazhchappathippukalayi maari. avasheshikkunna pradhana dinapathrangal liyettuvos raitaas, vakaro sinios, kauno dhina ennivayaanu, avarude prekshakare kooduthalum praayamaayavaraanu prathinidheekarikkunnath. achadi maadhyamangalude ennathile idivu internettinteyum soshyal mediayudeyum swaadheenam vardhippicha lokamembaadumulla pravanathaykku anusrithamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennaal raajyathe achadi maadyama samskaarathil vishwaasam valarthunnathinulla nannayi veroonniya upakaranangalude abhavam, suthaaryatha maanadandangaludeyum pathrapravartthaka daarmmikathayudeyum aparyapthamaaya nadappaakkal thudangiya praadeshika gadakangalum ithinu kaaranamaakunnu. pathrangalile vishakalanaparamaaya paraamarshangalkk rashtreeya kumbhakonangalum celebrittikalum vyaapikkunnathum kurachukaalamaayi vimarsanangalkk vidheyamaan.
2016ll janasamkhyayude 77 shathamaanatholam varunna 2.2 ennam internettu upayokthaakkalaayathinaal internettu maadyamangal vyaapakamaayi vyaapichukidakkunnu. internettu maadhyamangalude valarchaykku neethrthwam nalkiyathu videsha udamasthathayilulla kambanikalaanu. lithwaniayile ettavum swaadheenamulla internettu warta portalukalaanu nilavil estonian maadyama kambanikal niyanthrikkunnath. 2014ll ettavum janapriyamaaya rund warta porttalukalaayirunnu delphi.15 minittum.estonian media kambanikalaaya express groupinteyum mediayudeyum udamasthathayilaayirunnu ithu. internettu warta maadyamangal pradhaanamaayum parasya varumaanathe aasrayikkunnu, avaril palarum phees adisthaanamaakkiyulla warta sevanangal avatharippichu. 2002ll phees adisthaanamaakkiyulla vaarthakal aadyamaayi avatharippichathu bisinus dinapathramaaya verslo sinios/bisinus nyoos aayirunnu. ettavum valia deseeya dinapathramaaya lithwuwos raitaas 2004ll athinte subscription sevanam avatharippichu.
radio.
anchu pradhana lithwanian nagarangalil (vilnius; kaunaas; clipeda; siyauliya; panevesis) mothatthil 115 radio prakshepana kendrangalundu. patthu prakshepakar 13 deseeya radio steshanukalum 8 praadeshika radio prakshepakar 39 radio steshanukalum 29 prakshepakar 63 praadeshika radio steshanukalum prakshepanam cheiyunnu. eee radio prakshepakaril bhooribhaagavum vaanijyaparavum kooduthalum cheria sangeetha, vinoda prakshepakaraanu. ellah lithwanian maadyama bhooprakrithiyudeyum savisheshatha kaanikkunna parasya varumaanathinaayulla malsaram radio mekhalaykkum baadhakamaan, ithu athine saambathikamaayi asthiramaakkunnu.
television.
1990 nuu sesham lithuvanian television mattu bahujana maadhyamangaleppole valia maattangaliloode kadannupoyi. america, grettu brittan, scandinavian rajyangal enniva avatharippicha videsha mooladhanam eee parivarthanatthinu kaaranamaayi. samsthaana bajattinte dhanasahaayathode lithwanian naashanal radio aandu television (ell. aarr. tii) 1990ll pothusamoohatthilekku praveshikkukayum moonnu varshathinusesham europian broadcasting yooniyanil (iii. bii. yuu) cherukayum cheythu. moonnu deseeya televisionukalum moonnu radio chaanalukalum oru internettu portalum ithu pravarthippikkunnu. 2015ll praabalyatthil vanna lithwanian deseeya radio, television niyamathil bhedagathi varuthiya niyamam ellah ell. aarr. tii radio, tivi chaanalukalilum vaanijya parasyangal nirodhichu. sameepa varshangalil television chaanalukalude ennam vardhichu. samoohathile vividha vibhaagangalude aavasyangal vividha autlettukaliloode niravettukayenna lakshyathode naalil moonnu deseeya television steshanukalum avarude randaamathe chaanalukal sthaapichu. 2016ll digital terrestrial tivi steshanukaliloode sampreshanam cheyyappetta 10 praadeshika television chaanalukalundaayirunnappol tivi 3, elenke, elrt televishija ennivayaayirunnu tivi kazhchakkaarkkidayil ettavum janapriyamaaya television chaanalukal.
warta ejansikal.
litwaniyayil rund deseeya warta ejansikalunda eltta (lithwuwos naujiyaana ejanta), bii. enn. ezz (baltic nyoos sarvees). randum vilnius aasthaanamaayulla swakaarya kambanikalaanu. russian, engleesh bhaashakalilum (estoniyan, latvian, lithwanian ennee aabhyanthara bhaashakalilum) internet vazhiyum mattu maargangaliloodeyum bii. enn. ezz vaarthakal pracharippikkunnu. baltic samsthaanangalile maadyamangal, saambathika, vyaavasaayika, sarkkar sthaapanangal enniva varikkaaril ulppedunnu. 2001 muthal 2014 march vare finnish media group alma meediyayude udamasthathayilulla bii. enn. ezz. skye plus radio steshante udamayaaya estoniyan ilmar kompasinte poornna udamasthathayilulla kambaniyaaya udiswog oaykku vittu. 1996ll eltta oru swatantra (sarkkar udamasthathayilullathallaath) deseeya warta ejansiyaayi maarukayum nilavil oru joyint stokku kambaniyaanu. elttayude pradhana ohari udama republicose investijiyaanu, ithu vithaasinteyum justinus tomcassinteyum udamasthathayilaanu.
niyamaparamaaya chattakkood.
litwaniyayil maadhyamangale sambandhicha niyamanirmmanam praadhamikamaayi pothujanagalkk vivarangal nalkunnathinulla niyamam, telecommunication niyamam, electronic ashayavinimaya niyamam enniva prathinidheekarikkunnu. 2015ll lithwanian adhikaarikal pothujanagalkk vivarangal nalkunnathinulla niyamam bhedagathi cheyyukayum yudhaprachaaranamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna vivarangal pracharippichathino raajyathinte bharanaghadanaa kramam mattaanulla prothsaahanam nalkiyathino allengil shathruthaaparamaaya prachaaranatthinum thettaaya vivarathinum virudhamaayi raajyathinte paramaadhikaaratthinmellu kayyettam nadathiyathino oru broadcasterude vaarshika varumaanathinte 3 sathamaanam vare pizha chumathukayum cheythu. eee niyamatthinte adisthaanathil niravadhi russian television steshanukale lithwanian radio aandu television kammeeshan (elaartike) kodathiyil hajarakki. 2014lum 2015lum rosija rtr (munbu [rtr-plaanata]); [entivi] mirr; tvci, [pbk litwania], [renn tivi] enniva lithwanian prakshepana niyanthranangal lamghikkunnathaayum thaalkkaalikamaayi suspended cheiyukayo pizha chumathukayo cheythathayi kandethi. ukrainiyan, russian raajyangalkkidayil samgharshavum akramavum srishtikkaanum europian union, naatto amgaraajyangal ennivaykkethire akramam nadatthaanum sramichathum adhikaarikal sthaapicha lamghanangalil ulppedunnu. litwaniyayil, motham television prakshepanatthinte 22 sathamaanavum russian paripaadikalaanu, lithwanian prograamukal 23 sathamaanamaanu.
sensorship maadyama swaathanthryavum.
2017ll freedam house lithwaniayude pathraswaathanthryathe "swathanthram" ennu nirvachichappol, niyamavyavasthayile poraaymakal, saambathika prasnangal, sarkkarumaayulla pirimurukkangal enniva undaayirunnittum lithwaniayile pathrapravartthakar thaarathamyena anukoolamaaya anthareekshathilaanu pravarthikkunnathennu reportermaar vithtu bordezhs (aarr. ezz. eph) prathivarsham thayyarakkunna 2022leeii loka pathraswaathanthrya soochika parayunnu. aarr. ezz. ephinte soochika prakaram 180 rajyangalil raajyam onpathaam sthaanathaanu. 
anthaaraashtra maadyama nireekshana sthaapanangal avatharippicha lithwaniayude maadyama swaathanthryathe pothuve anukoolamaayi vilayiruthiyittunde, sameepa varshangalil maadyama swaathanthryathekkurichu sensarshippumaayi bandhapetta chila episodukal undaayi.
udaaharanathinu, ell. jii. bii. tii (lesbian, geey, bisexule, transgender) alukalekkurichulla pothu vivarangal niravadhi avasarangalil nirodhichittundu. europian paarlament eee niyamathe audyogikamaayi apalapichu.
2013 novemberil lithwanian intelligence, prathyeka anweshana sevanam (sis) vilniusile baltic nyoos sarvees (bii. enn. ezz) offeesil raid nadatthi. lithwanian president dalia gribouskaittinekkurittu apakeerthippeduthal pracharanam aarambhikkaanulla russian udyogastharude padhathiyekkurichu lithwanian rahasyaanveshana ejantumaarkku vivarangal undennu report cheythathinetthudarnnu warta ejansiyile maadhyamapravarthakare avarude uravidangal velippeduthaan sisttam nirbandhitharaakkaan shramichu. aarr maadhyamapravarthakare chodyam cheyyukayum computerukal pidichedukkukayum bii. enn. ezz edittarmaarude veedukalilum thirachil nadathukayum cheythu.
lithwanian intelligence eee vishayathinte vichaaranaykk munbulla anweshanathil bii. enn. ezz jeevanakkaarude telephone sambhashanangal record cheythu. vayar tapping vilnius regional administrative kodathi niyamavirudhamaanennu prakhyaapichappol, president gribouskaitte pothujanagalkk vivarangal nalkunnathinulla niyamathilum criminal nadapadikrama niyamathilum bhedagathikalil oppuvachu. maadhyamaswaathanthryathinu vyakthigatha avakashangalkko mail adichelppikkaan saadhyathayulla prosecuteral nadapadikramangal valia pothuthalpparyamulla kesukalil maathrame nadappakkaan kazhiyoo ennu bhedagathikal sthaapichu.
2016 avasaanathode lithwanian paarlamentinte empimar pothu vyakthikale vimarsikkaanulla avakasham parimithappeduthunnathina raajyathinte sivil coode bhedagathi cheyyaan ekakandamaayi vottu cheythappol mattoru sensorship episode avasaanichu. prasakthamaaya vishayangalil pothujanangale ariyikkunnathil ninnu maadhyamangale thadayunnathinulla apakadasaadhyatha kaaranam eee niyanthranathe athirthirunnu. lithwanian president veetto cheythathinaal niyamam praabalyatthil varaan kazhinjilla, thudarnnu bhedagathikal paarlament pinvalichu.prekshakarkku badal kaazhchappaadukal nalkukayo rashtreeya vyakthikalkk asukhakaramaaya chodyangal unnayikkukayo cheythathinaal mukhyadharaa maadyamangalil maadhyamapravarthakarkk avarude jolie nashtappetta chila udaaharanagal litwaniyayil undaayittund. udaaharanathinu, rutta jaanuttiyane, victoras jerulitis, vaitottaas mattulevisius thudangiya pathrapravartthakar oduvil mukhyadharaa maadyamangalil ninnu purathaakkappettu. thalphalamaayi, praadeshika rashtreeya azhimathi, deseeya adhikaarikal samsthaanathinte thalpparyangal samrakshikkaathava, bhoumaraashtreeyathile mattangal, paristhithi samrakshanam thudangiya prasnangal unnayikkunnathinayi avar yootyoobil prasjas tivi allengil opttivi polulla avarude swantham badal maadyama chaanalukal sthaapikkaan thudangi. thangalude avakaashavaadangale pinthunaykkaan avar vividha raashtreeyakkaareyum abhibhaashakareyum kshanikkunnu.
chila raashtreeyakkaarkk mattullavare apekshichu maadyamangalil kooduthal praathinidhyam nalkunnathaayi aaropikkappedunnathinal mukhyadharaa maadyamangal thiranjeduppu samayat rashtreeya sthaanaarthikalodu pakshapaatham kaanikkunnathinekkurichu chila aashankakal uyarnnittund. 2019ll, president sthaanaarthi professor arvidas juusaitis, ell. aarr. tiyil nadanna president thiranjeduppu samvaadathil thante athrupthi prakadippikkukayum studiyo vidukayum cheythu. ennaal, mattullavar ithu prakopanamaanennu karuthi prathikarichu.
2021 leeii kanakkanusarichu, pothujanagalkk maadyamangalodulla vishwaasathekkurichu oru sarway nadathiyittundu, ithu soochippikkunnathu prathikarichavaril 24.8% maadhyamangale vishwasikkunnu, athesamayam 33.4% vishwasikkunnilla-1998 nuu sheshamulla ettavum kuranja sathamaanam. vladas guidies parayunnathanusarichu, bellarus moolamundaakunna kudiyetta athirthi prathisandhi, covid-19 pakarchavyaadhi kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla prathirodha kuthivayppu nayangal thudangiya vishayangalil sarkkaarinte bhaagathe pinthunaykkunna mukhyadharaa maadhyamangalkk ithu pradhaanamaayum kaaranamakaam. lithwanian saamoohyashaasthranjanaaya professor rutta siliyukaite parayunnathanusarichu, "aalukalkk avarude shabdam kelkkunnillenn thonnukayo avarude praathinidhyam valareyadhikam nishedhaathmakamaanennu thonnukayo cheyyumbol, aaa aalukalumayi sambhashanam nadathaanulla avasaram namukk nashtappedunnu. ningalkk oru vyakthiye mandan ennu vilikkaanum avan ningalumaayi oru sambhashanam nadatthaan santhoshathode thayyaaraakumenn pratheekshikkaanum kazhiyilla."
maadyama udamasthaavakaasham.
aabhyanthara, videsha kambanikal maadhyamasthaapanangal vaangunnath kaaranam kazhinja kure varshangalayi maadyama udamasthaavakaasha kendreekaranam vardhichukondirikkanu. ennirunnaalum lithwanian maadyamangalil deseeya udamasthaavakaasham nilanilkkunnu, kaaranam niravadhi videsha bahurashtra kambanikal, zee mekhalayile samanamaaya pravanathakalkk anusrithamaayi, thaarathamyena cheruthum asthiravumaaya vipanikalil ninnu purathukadakkaan theerumaanichu. udaaharanathinu, norwayile randaamathe valia maadyama sthaapanamaaya norwejian oorkla media 2007ll lithwanian hermis thalasthaanathinu vilkkunnathuvare kauno diana enna pathratthinte poornna udamasthathayilaayirunnu. 2003ll lithwanian emji baltic media elenke vaangunnathuvare lithwanian television vipaniyile pradhana nikshepakanaayirunnu verslo sinios enna bisinus pathratthinte udamasthathayilulla sweedish bonier.
maadyama vipani niyanthranatthino kuthaka virudha niyamathino raajyathin niyamanirmmanamilla. thalphalamaayi, maadhyamangalude valia mekhalakal orotta udamayudethaayathinaal maadhyamangalude kuthakayum cross udamasthathayum pathivayi kaanapedunnu. ithu ore metteeriyal vyathyastha autlettukalil pracharippikkunnathilkum nayikkunnu. niyamaprakaaram aavashyamaanenkilum thangalude udamakalekkurichu lithwanian saamskaarika manthrikk aparyapthamaaya reporting nalkiyathinu maadyama kambanikalum vimarshikkappettittundu. edittar-inn-cheefs niravadhi warta ejansikalude ohariyudamakalo udamakalo aanu, athesamayam ganyamaaya ennam raashtreeyakkaarum pothupravartthakarum maadyama upakaranangal svanthamaakkunnu. lithwanian oafees oof transparency internaashanal 2016 ll 26 udamakalullathaayi ariyichu. praadeshika maadhyamangalude udamastharaaya raashtreeyakkaarum pothupravartthakarum paarlamentilekko munisippal kaunsilukalilekko thiranjedukkappettathinum maadyama udamakalaayi thudarunnathaanu ithinu kaaranam.

