
turkmen soviyatt soshyalist republic

soviyatt turkmenistan ennum ariyappedunna turkmen soviyatt soshyalist republic (,,, turkmenskaaya sovetskaaya sotsiyalistiskaaya respablica), maddhya eshyayil sthithicheyyunna soviyatt yooniyante ghadaka republikkukalilonnaanu turkmen ssr, turkmenistan allengil turkmenia, 1925 muthal 1991 vare oru republicayi nilaninnirunnu. thudakkathil, 1921 august 7 nuu, turkistan asrinte turke obmenlaastaayi ithu sthaapikkappettu, 1925 meyy 13 nuu, turkmen ssr enna nilayil ussrinte oru prathyeka republicayi.
athinusesham thurkmeniyayude athirthikal maattamillathe thudarnnu. 1990 august 22nuu turkmenia soviyatt niyamangalkk mail thangalude paramadhikaaram prakhyaapichu. 1991 october 27nuu turkmenistan enna peril swathanthramaayi.
bhoomishaasthraparamaayi, turkmenia thekk iraan, afgaanisthaan, padinjaaru caspian kadal, vadakku kasakh ssr, kizhakk usbekistan ssr ennivaykkidayilaayirunnu.
charithram.
rashyayilekkulla kootticherkkal.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil turkmen pradesham kaiyeraanulla russian sramangal aathmaarthamaayi aarambhichu. 1869ll russian saamrajyam innathe turkmenistanile caspian kadaltheeramaaya crasnovodsk (ippol turkmenbassy) sthaapichu. avide ninnum mattu sthalangalilum avar 1873-ll khiva khaanettine keezhadakkukayum cheythu. turkmen gothrangal, prathyekichu yomoud, khivan khaante sainika sevanathilayirunnathinaal, russian sainyam khoraasminethire shikshaparamaaya reydukal nadatthi, eee prakriyayil noorukanakkinu turkmenmaare vadikkukayum avarude vaasasthalangal nasippikkukayum cheythu. 1881ll general mikhaayel scobelevinte keezhil russiakkaar ashgaabaathinte vadakkupadinjaarulla thurkmente avasaanathe shakthikendrangalilonaya jiok teppe uparodhikkukayum pidichedukkukayum cheythu. turkmen paraajayathode (ithu ippol turkmen deseeya dukhaacharana dinamaayum deseeya abhimaanathinte pratheekamaayum adayaalappeduthunnu), innathe turkmenistan pidichadakkiyathinu durbalamaaya prathirodham maathrame neridendi vannulloo. athe varsham thanne russiakkaar khajaar iraanumaayi akhal udambadiyil oppuvaykkukayum turkmenistan iraanum thammilulla nilavile athirthi sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 1897ll russiakkaarum afghankarum thammil samanamaaya oru karar oppuvachu.
russiayumaayulla kootticherkkalinethur, azhimathikkaarum durbalarumaaya sainika udyogastharum thaashkantile turkistan govarnor general niyamicha udyogastharum eee pradesham transcaspian mekhalayaayi bharichu. 1880kalil crasnovodsk muthal ashgabat vare oru railway nirmmikkukayum pinneedu thaashkantilekk vyaapippikkukayum cheythu. reyilveyiloode nagarapradeshangal vikasikkaan thudangi. transcaspian pradesham pradhaanamaayum russiayude oru kolaniyaayirunnuvenkilum, eee mekhalayile britiish colonialist uddeshyangalodulla russian aashankakalum thurkkikalude kalapangalkkum purame ithu oru kaayalvellamayi thudarnnu.
oru ezz. ezz. aarr. srishtikkuka.
1917-leeii soviyatt bharanathinte varavinodu turkkikkaar pothuve nissamgatha pularthiyirunnathinaal, thudarnnulla varshangalil eee mekhalayil viplavakaramaaya pravartthanangal valare kuravaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, viplavathinu thottumumbulla varshangalil russian bharanathinethiraaya edaykkideyulla turkmen kalapangal adayaalappeduthiyirunnu, ettavum pradhanamaayi 1916 leeii saarist virudha kalapam turkistan muzhuvan vyaapichu. soviyatt bharanathodulla avarude sayudha cheruthunilppu 1920 muthal 1930 kalude arambham vare madhyeshyayiludaneelamulla valia basmachi kalaapathinte bhaagamaayirunnu, athil bhaaviyile ussr aashrithathvangalil bhooribhaagavum ulppedunnu. ethirppu kaduthathum dhaaraalam thurkkikalude maranathinu kaaranamaayi. republicinte charithratthile oru cheria adhyaayamaayaan soviyatt srothassukal eee pooraattatthe visheshippikkunnathu.
1924 octoberil, madhya eshya vyathyastha vamseeya-deseeya rashtreeya sthaapanangalaayi vibhajikkappettappol, turkistan svayambharana soviyatt soshyalist republicinte (turkistan azr) transcaspian oblaastum charje, kerkey, bukharaan peeples republicinte shirabad pravishyakalude oru bhaagavum, khuresam peeples republicinte turkmen (dasogus) pravisyayum samyojippichu turkmen soviyatt soshyalist republic (turkmen ssr), soviyatt yooniyante oru samboornna ghadaka republic, avide turkmen janasamkhyayude ekadesham 80 sathamaanam turkmen aayirunnu. naadodi, ardha naadodi grouppukalude nirbandhitha koottaayikkoottalum kudiyettavum soviyatt bharanathinte aadya dashakangalile mattu saamoohika saambathika maattangalum turkmenistanile idaya naadodikkadha oru saambathika badalaayi illaathaakukayum 1930 kalude avasaanathode bhooribhaagam thurkkikalum nischalamaayitheerukayum cheythu. parambaraagatha thurkkikalude jeevithareethikale durbalappeduthaanulla soviyatt bharanakoodatthinte sramangal kudumba, rashtreeya bandhangal, matha, saamskaarika acharanangal, boudhika vikasanangal ennivayil ganyamaaya maattangalkk kaaranamaayi. ganyamaaya ennam russiakkaarum mattu europianmaarum vividha rajyangalil ninnulla grouppukalum pradhaanamaayum cocusasil ninnullavarum nagarapradeshangalilekk kudiyeri. mithamaaya vyaavasaayika sheshikal vikasippikkukayum turkmenistanile prakrithivibhavangalude parimithamaaya chooshanam aarambikkukayum cheythu.
soviyatt bharanathin keezhil, ellah mathavishwaasangaleyum communist adhikaarikal andhavishwaasam ennum "bhoothakaalathinte avashishtangal" ennum aakramichu. mikka mathapadanavum mathaparamaya aachaarangalum nirodhikkukayum bhooribhaagam pallikalum adachupoottukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhakaalathu madhyeshyayile islaamika vishwaasathinu melnottam vahikkunnathinaayi thaashkantil aasthaanamulla oru audyogika madhya eshyan muslim board sthaapikkappettu. muslim board mikkavarum prachaaranatthinte oru upakaranamaayi pravarthichu, athinte pravartthanangal muslim lakshyam vardhippikkunnathinu kaaryamayonnum cheythilla. nireeswaravaada upadeshangal mathaparamaya vikasanathe thadassappeduthukayum thurkkikale anthaaraashtra muslim samoohathil ninnu ottappeduthunnathinu sambhavana nalkukayum cheythu. muslim shavasamskaram, purusha parichhedana thudangiya chila mathaparamaya achaarangal soviyatt kaalaghattatthiludaneelam pinthudarnnuvenkilum mikka mathavishwaasangalum arivum aachaarangalum graamapradesangalil "naadodi roopathil" sarkkar nadathunna athmeeya dayaraktarettu anuvadikkaatha oru anaudyogika islaamaayi maathrame samrakshikkappettitla.
swaathanthryathinu munbulla kaalam.
soviyatt bharanakoodatthinte thaddesheeyavalkkarana nayathil (coronisatsia) deseeya samskaarathinteyum bhaashayudeyum prachaaranavum oro vamseeya vibhaagathinum athintethaaya pradeshathu oru thaddesheeya bharanam srishtikkunnathum ulppedunnu. 1920kalil, soviyatt yooniyaniludaneelam sambhavichathupole, thaddesheeya bhasha theaterukal, prasidheekarana sthaapanangal, pathrangal, saarvathrika pothuvidyaabhyaasam ennivayude nirmmaanathinu vyakthamaaya pinthunayum dhanasahayavum undaayirunnu, turkistan asrileyum bukharaan peeples republicileyum turkmen/transcaspian pravishyayude soviyatt bharanakaalathu turkmen nyoonapakshangalude kaaryatthilum ithu sambhavichu, koodaathe bhooripaksha turkmen deseeya republicinte roopeekaranathinusheshavum ithu thudarnnu. 
1920kalil turkmen ezz. ezz. aarr. turkmen bhasha nilavaarathilaakki (ithinu munbu, janasamkhyayude bahubhooripakshavum saakshararallathavarum ezhuthinaayi chagathaay allengil pershyan bhashakal upayogikkunna pravanathayullavarum aayirunnu, ennirunnaalum pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum ottoman turkish rajisttar oru oghusu bhashayum bhashaaparamaayum kooduthal aduthathinaal ezhuthunnathinulla thaalparyam vardhichuvarikayaayirunnu). deseeya pathrangalilum vividha saahitya, vidyaabhyaasa jenalukalilum teck, yomat, mattu praadeshika, gothrabhashakal ennivayekkurichulla kadutha charchakalkku sesham oru prathyeka deseeya nilavaaram srishtikkunnathinekkurum arabo-pershyan aksharamaalayude lalithavalkkaranathekkurim aathyanthikamayi cyrillic aksharamaalayilekkulla parivarthanathekkurichum kendreekritha theerumaanamedukkal nadannu.
1930kalude thudakkathil mosco republicine uracha niyanthranathilaakki. soviyatt yooniyante communist party (sii. pii. ezz. yuu) deseeyatha nayam oru turkmen rashtreeya varenyavargathinte vikasanam valarthukayum russian roopeekaranam prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. 1920kalileyum 1930kalileyum muun deseeya nayangalil samsthaanathinteyum party sambadvyavasthayudeyum ellah mekhalakalilum (munganana kwaattakalude deerghakaala samvidaanathodoppam, bhooripaksham turkmen bureaucracy nedukayenna lakshyathode sarkkar, party, vyaavasaayika jolikalil vamseeya thurkmenmaarude purogathi) bharanathinaayi turkmen bhaashayude upayogam prolsaahippikkukayum turkmen bhasha padikkaan turke itharare aavasyappedaanulla sramangalum ulppedunnu. 1930kall muthal, deseeya nayam "janangalodu ettavum adutha" sarkkar mekhalakalil turkmen bhaashayude upayogathe anukoolichu vidyaabhyaasam, aarogyam muthalaayava, mikka sarkkar jolikalkkum russian bhaashayekkurichulla arivu aavasyamaanennu amgeekarikkukayum athupole thanne pala thozhilukalilum purogathi kaivarikkukayum cheythu russian bhaashayekkurichulla arivu purogathikku anaavasyamaakkunnathinu sarkkar inii pravartthikkilla, koodaathe turkmene bharanabhashayaakkaanulla sajeeva sramangal avasanippikkukayum cheyyum, 1938 muthal soviyatt unioniludaneelamulla russian ithara vidyaarthikal secondary, thritheeya vidyaabhyaasathiloode munnerunnathinaayi russian bhashayil praaveenyam nedukayum venam.
moscoyileyum turkmeniyayileyum turke ithara cader sarkkar udyogastharudeyum byoorokraattukaludeyum deseeya kedarine sookshumamaayi nireekshichu; pothuve, turkman neethrthwam soviyatt nayangale shakthamayi pinthunachu. mosco republicil mikkavarum ellah rashtreeya pravartthanangalum aarambhichu, 1980 kalude madhyathil deerghakaala phastt sekrattari mohammatnasar gappovine purathaakkiya oru azhimathi kumbhakonam ozhike, turkmenistan oru nishabda soviyatt republicayi thudarnnu. mikhaayil gorbachevinte glassnost, perestroica ennee nayangal turkmenistane kaaryamaaya swaadheenichilla, kaaranam avideyulla niravadhi aalukal svayam aashrayikkunnavaraayirunnu, koodaathe pradeshathe kudiyettakkaarum soviyatt yooniyante manthrimaarum apoorvvamaayi maathrame parasparam bandhappettirunnulloo. soviyatt union pirichuvidunnathinum 1991ll thudarnnundaaya swaathanthryathinum republic svayam thayyarakathe pooyi.
1988lum 1989lum soviyatt unionile mattu ghadaka republicukal paramaadhikaarathinu avakaashavaadam unnayichappol, thurkmeniyayude neethrthwavum moscoyude saambathika, rashtreeya nayangale thurkmente shemathinum abhimaanathinum chooshanaparavum haanikaravumaanennu vimarsikkaan thudangi. 1990 augustil turkmenistan athinte paramadhikaaram prakhyaapichu. 1990 maarchil turkmenistan soviyatt yooniyante bhaaviyekkurichulla anthaaraashtra thalatthil nireekshicha hitaparisodhanayil pankedutthu, avide pankedutthavaril 98 sathamaanam perum soviyatt yooniyante samrakshanathe pinthunachu vottu cheythu. 1991 augustil moscoyile attimarikk sesham turkmeniyayile communist nethaavu saparmurat niyasov swaathanthryathekkurichu oru janakeeya hitaparisodhanaykku ahvaanam cheythu. abhipraaya votteduppinte audyogika phalam 94 sathamaanam swaathanthryathe anukoolichu. republicinte paramonnatha soviyatt thudarnnu soviyatt yooniyanil ninnu turkmenistante swaathanthryavum 1991 october 27 nuu republic oof turkmenistan sthaapikkunnathum prakhyaapichu. 1991 desember 26 nuu turkmenistan soviyatt yooniyanil ninnu swaathanthryam nedi.
space.
turkmenistanile thurkmenabat, saidi ennee nagarangalil rund sajeeva bahirakasha soukaryangalundaayirunnu, rund bahirakasha thuramukhangalum vikshepanathinaayi sajjeekarichirunnu. soviyatt bahirakasha padhathi sheethayudhakaalathu prottoon, mirr, soyas rokkattukal, kroo bomber misailukal enniva nirmmichirunnu.
vikasanam.
turkmenistan adisthaana soukaryangalil bhooribhaagavum soviyatt kaalaghattatthil nirmikkappettu, athaayath puthiya nagarangal, sthaapanangal, kettidangal, roadukal, power steshanukal, aashupathrikal, schoolukal, faaktarikal.
russification.
1920kalil soviyattukal adhikaarathil vannappol aalukalkk avarude perukalkku oru russian prathyayam cherkkendivannu. purushanamangalil avasaanathe iii. vii/oovayum sthreenaamangalil ivaa/oovayum chertthu. russian bhashayil, eee avasanangal ardhamaakkunnathu "ulppettavar" ennaanu, ithu oru ekeekritha soviyatt janatha enna ashayam prolsaahippikkaanulla shramathinte bhaagamaayirunnu.
raashtreeyam.
mattu soviyatt republicukaleppole, turkmenistan republicinte eaka partyaya soviyatt yooniyante communist party republican shaakhayaaya communist party oof turkmenistan bharikkunna maarksist-leninist prathyayashaasthram pinthudarnnirunnu.
turkmenistan raashtreeyam nadannathu oru otta kakshi soshyalist republicinte chattakkoodilaanu. executive, judicial shaakhakalekkaal shreshtathayode oru chairmaante neethrthwathilulla republicinte ekasabha niyamanirmmaana sabhayaayirunnu supreme soviyatt, athinte amgangal ashkhaabaadil yogam cherunnu.
matham.
turkmenistanile 98 sathamaanavum musleengalaayirunnuvenku nireeshwaravaadamaayirunnu samsthaana matham. 1920 kalude thudakkathil, turkmenistan ulppede soviyatt maddhya eshyayil soviyatt sarkkar islam phalapradamaayi nirodhichu, ellah pallikalum nasippikkappettu, arabic lipiyil ezhuthiya pusthakangal kathichu, 1930 kalil turkmenistan oduvil cyrillic aksharamalayumaayi poruthappettu.