
pensylvania dutch bhasha

pensylvania dutch (, allengil), chilappol pensylvania jarmman ennu vilikkappedunnu, ithu palattin jarmman allengil paletin dutch ennum ariyappedunnu, pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnu, ithil pazhaya oordar amish, pazhaya oordar mennanaittukal, fancy dutch, americayileyum canadayileyum jarmman kudiyettakkaarude mattu pingaamikal enniva ulppedunnu. amerikkayilum canadayilum pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunna ekadesham 300,000-thiladhikam thaddesheeyarundu.
17-aamm noottaandinte avasaanavum 18-aamm noottaandinte thudakkavum pensylvania, maryland, virgenia, vestt virgenia, north karolina ennividangalilekkulla kudiyettakkaarude pingamikalaaya pensylvania dachukaaraanu parambaraagathamaayi eee bhasha samsaarikkunnath. pensylvania dutch enna padam palappozhum amish, anubandha pazhaya oordar grouppukale soochippikkaan edukkunnundengilum, ithu eathenkilum prathyeka mathavibhagavumaayulla bandhathe soochippikkunnilla.
dutch enna vaakk dutch bhashayeyo aalukaleyo soochippikkunnilla; ithu "deetsh" enna endonymil ninnaan uruthirinjathu. dittsh, dutch, diets, dutch ennee padangalellaam engleeshil "janapriya" allengil "janangalude" ennu vivarthanam cheiyunna proto-germanic padatthinte pingaamikalaan. 1830 nuu sesham amerikkayilekku vanna jarmman kudiyettakkaaril ninnu svayam verthirichariyaanulla oru maargamaayi pathonpathaam noottaandil pensylvania duchukal eee padatthinte thudarchayaaya upayogam shakthippeduthi. pensylvania duchukal thangale "deetshe" ennum pilkkala jarmman kudiyettakkaarkku "detishlennar" (aksharaarthatthil "jarmmani-ers") ennum vilikkunnu.
innu eee bhasha samsaarikkunnavare pradhaanamaayum pensylvania, ohiyo, indiana, american aikyanaadukalile mattu madhya padinjaaran samsthaanangal, kaanadayile ontaariyo ennividangalil kaanapedunnu. charitraparamaayi eee bhasha samsaarikkappettath athinte upayogam erekkure allengil poornnamaayum mangiya mattu pradeshangalilum aayirunnu. alandaun, reeding, laankaastar, york ennivayulppede pensylvaniayile nagarapradeshangalil oru theruvu bhashayaayi pensylvania dutch enna sambradaayam irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil kurayukayaayirunnu. ennaal kooduthal grameena pensylvania pradeshangalil randaam lokamahaayudham vare ithu vyapakamaaya upayogathil thudarnnu. athinusesham, pensylvania graamapradesangalil athinte upayogam valareyadhikam kuranju. pazhaya oordar amish, pazhaya oordar mennanaitt kammyoonittikalil ithu ettavum nannayi samrakshikkappedunnu, nilavil rund grouppukalileyum amgangal pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavaril bhooribhaagavum ulppedunnu.
europian uthbhavam.
jarmman samsaarikkunna yooroppinte thekkupadinjaaran pradeshangalil ninnu paalaattinett, electoral paalaattinett (), duchy oof badden, hess, saxony, swabia, wurtemberg, alsays (jarmman), jarmman loraine, swittsarland ennivayulppede pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavarude poorvvikar vannu. eee pradeshangalile bhooribhaagam aalukalum raine franconian, prathyekichu paletine jarmman, oru paridhivare alamenic bhaashaabhedangal enniva samsaarichirunnu; kudiyettakkaar vannathinu sheshamulla aadya thalamurakalil eee bhaashaabhedangal layichuvennu vishwasikkappedunnu. aaa bhasha samanilayude phalam paletine jarmman bhaashayude kizhakkan bhaashaabhedangalumaayi, prathyekichu manheim/ludwigshafeninu chuttumulla grameena bhaashaabhedangalumaayi valare aduthulla oru bhaashaabhedamaayirunnu.
pensylvania dutch pradhaanamaayum paletine germmaniyil ninnaan uruthirinjathu, raine-necker metropolittan mekhalayile jarmmankaar samsaarikkunna eee pradesham charitraparamaaya paalattinettin samaanamaan. thekkupadinjaaran germmaniyude eee cheria bhaagath ippozhum samsaarikkunna jarmman bhashayum pensylvania dutch thammil saamyangalund. germmaniyile paalattinett (fals) mekhalayil ninnulla vyakthikal innu pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavare abhimukeekarikkumbol, sambhashanam palappozhum parimithamaaya alavil saadhyamaan.
saadhaarana jarmman bhashayumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyuka.
pensylvania dutch bhasha samsaarikkunna aadyakaalakkaarude vaividhyamaarnna uthbhavam mikkavarum raine nadiyude mukalile pradeshangalil (reinland, wurtemberg, badden, sarland, swittsarland, elsus/alsays) prathifalippikkunnilla, marichu paalateenil ninnulla sakthamaaya kudiyetta grouppaanu.
classical middle hye jarmman (1170-1250) kaalaghattatthil aarambhicha valare neenda prakriyayil samsaarikkunna vividha jarmman bhaashaabhedangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru likhitha maanadandamaayi staanderd jarmman yadhaarthathil vikasippicheduthathinaal pensylvania dutch staanderd jarmman bhaashayude oru kedaaya roopamalla. pakaram, prathyekichu jarmman bhashayil vilikkappedunna pradeshathu ninnu, pensylvania dutch, paletine germmaniyude swatantra vikasanathe prathifalippikkunnu.
pensylvania duchile niravadhi svaraaksharangalum vyanjanaaksharangalum jarmman bhaashayude pazhaya roopangale prathinidheekarikkunnu ("pf" allengil "bii" ennathinu pakaram "vii" ennathinu pakaram "pii"), kaaranam pensylvania dutch pradhaanamaayum paalattinett germmaniyil ninnaan uruthirinjathu, ithu uyarnna jarmman vyanjanakshara maattathinu vidheyamaayilla. saadhaarana jarmman, pensylvania dutch enniva thammilulla kathidapaadukal nyayamaaya alavil kramathilaanu sambhavikkunnath.
american engleesh swaadheenam padaavaliyilum uchaaranathilum valare kuravaanu; vyaakaranathil engleesh swaadheenam thaarathamyena cheruthaanu. dative kesinte valia nashtam-paletine jarmman bhashayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ettavum pradhanappetta vyathyasam-engleesh swaadheenam moolamaano atho oru aantharika vikasanathe prathifalippikkunnundu enna chodyam tharkkathilaanu.
vyakaranam.
saadhaarana jarmman bhaashayilennapole, pensylvania dutch moonnu lingabhedangal (pullinga, sthreelinga, nishpaksha) upayogikkunnu.
pensylvania duchill vyakthigatha sarvanaamangalkk moonnu kesukalunda kuttaaropitha, nominative, dative, namangalkk rund kesukalum kuttaaropitha, nominative functionukalulla saadhaarana cases, dative cases.
pensylvania duchill janithaka cases illa. charitraparamaaya janithaka cases dative upayogichu maattisthaapichu, koodaathe 'manushyante naaya' maarunnu (aksharaarthatthil 'manushyan avante naaya') enna dative, swaadheena sarvanaamam upayogichu oru prathyeka nirmmaanam upayogichu kaivashappedutthal soochippikkunnu.
vibhageeya, ithara vibhagangalil dative cases upayogikkunnathil vyathiyaanamundennu padanangal theliyichittundu. namangalkk pothuvaaya cases upayogikkunnathinum sarvanaamangalkk aaropikkappedunna cases upayogikkunathinumulla pravanathayaanu.
udaaharanathinu, ithu palappozhum angane aayittund.
pensylvania jarmman bhaashayile dative cases, kaivashamulla vasthukkal prakadippikkaanum, mungaamikalude vasthukkal adayaalappeduthaanum, paroksha vasthukkal adayaalappeduthaanum, chila kriyakalude nerittulla vasthukkale soochippikkaanum upayogikkunnu. saadhaarana jarmman bhaashayilennapole, vyakthigatha sarvvanaamangalude dative roopangalude upayogathiloodeyum naamangale parishkkarikkunna lekhanangaludeyum naamavaachakangaludeyum chila prathifalanangaliloodeyum ithu prakadippikkunnu. central pensylvaniayile vibhageeyamallaatha samsaarathil, pensylvania jarmman bhashayil praaveenyam ulla pazhaya thalamurakalkkidayil dative vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu, athesamayam yuva ardhabhaashakar dative athrayonnum upayogikkunnilla. ardhabhaashakaril palarum engleesh swathuaparamaaya "-'s" upayogichu.
ithinu vipareethamaayi, central pensylvaniayile anaabaaptistukal aaa detteevinu pakaram aaropana cases konduvannu. athesamayam, amosh allengil mennanaitt ayirunna kalonayile poornnamaayum pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunna kammyoonittiyile amgangal praayavumaayi bandhapetta sakthamaaya vyathiyaanam kaanichu. 40 vayassinu thaazheyullavar orikkalum dative upayogichilla, athesamayam pazhayavar sakthamaaya vyathyasamulla perumaattam kaanichu. kalonayile vividha mathavibhaagangalile amgangal thammil cheria vyathyaasame undaayirunnulloo.
engleesh uthbhavamulla niravadhi kriyakal pensylvania duchill upayogikkunnu. mikka engleesh uthbhava kriyakalum jarmman durbalamaaya kriyakalayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, oru prefix oru suffix ulla oru bhootakaala pankaalittham sweekarikkunnu, athinaal udaaharanathinu 'maattam' ennathinte bhootakaala pankaalittham saadhaaranayaayi. sammarddamillaatha aadya aksharangalulla kriyakal saadhaaranayaayi prefix edukkunnilla, athinaal engleeshilennapole 'datthedukkuka' ennathinte muun pankaalittham 'sweekarikkuka' aanu. ithu jarmman bhashayil verthirikkaanaavaatha prefixukalulla vaakkukalude maathruka pinthudarunnu. ennirunnaalum, aadya aksharathil oonnipparayunna engleesh uthbhava kriyakalum prefix illaathe prathyakshappedaam. athinaal, 'thirichariyuka' ennathu 'manassilakkuka' enna reethiyil samyojippichirikkunnu, koodaathe 'phaam' ennathu 'krishi' allengil 'krishi' enna nilayil samyojippichekkaam. chila jarmman uthbhava kriyakal prefix illaathe prathyakshappedaam. 'samsaarikkuka, samsaarikkuka', ennathine 'allengil' pole 'ennu samyojippikkaam. engleesh swaadheenavum mothatthilulla lalithavalkkaranavum prefix ozhivaakkunnathil pravarthichekkaam.
saadhaarana jarmman bhaashayeppole pensylvania duchilum oru root kriayum oru prefix chernna verthirikkaavunna niravadhi kriyakalundu. saadhaarana jarmman bhaashayilulla ivayil chilath 'koode pookuka', 'koode', 'pookuka' enniva polulla ardhaparamaayi poornnamaayum suthaaryamaan. mattullava, athaayath 'ariyikkuka', allathe konkreett entittikalude pankidal, ardhathil suthaaryamalla. athaayath, avayude ardham avayude bhaagangalude aakethukayalla. verthirikkaavunna kriyakal pensylvania duchill vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu, verthirikkaavunna kriyakal engleesh verukalum prefixukalum upayogichu polum roopappeduthaam. pensylvania duchile mikkavarum verthirikkaavunna ellah kriyakalum ardhaparamaayi suthaaryamaan. veedu neekkuka' ennartham varunna ardhathil athaaryamaayi verthirikkaavunna niravadhi kriyakalkk pakaram 'neekkuka' enna engleesh vaakk upayogichu.
naamavaachakatthinte avasanangal nilavilundenkilum saadhaarana jarmman bhashayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol lalithamaanennu thonnunnu. matellaa thekkan jarmman bhaashaabhedangalileyum pole, bhoothakaalathe saadhaaranayaayi prakadippikkunnathu thikanja padangal upayogichaan ('njaan vayalilekku oodiyirikkunnu'), lalithamaaya bhoothakaalamalla ('njaan vayalilekku oodiyirikkunnu'), athu engleeshil 'aayirikkuka', 'aayirikkuka', 'aayirikkuka', 'undaayirunnu' ennee kriyakalil maathram nilanirthunnu. parimithamaaya ennam kriyakalil (poornnamaayum nashtappedunnu) enna nilayil maathrame sarjankteevu maanasikavastha nilanilkkoo. matellaa kriyakalilum ithu 'cheyyendathu' (), 'undaayirikkendathu' (/) ennee kriyakalude roopathiloode ananthamaaya allengil bhootakaala pankaalitthatthode samyojippichaan prakadippikkunnathu.jii., ('njaan kazhikkumaayirunnu'), ('njaan kazhikkumaayirunnu').
varshangalayi niravadhi pensylvania dutch vyakaranangal prasidheekarichittundu. jeey ezhuthiya "pensylvania dachinte lalithamaaya vyakaranam" rund udaaharanangalaan. vilyam frey erl sii ezhuthiya "eiii pensylvania jarmman reader vyaakaranavum". hugg.
uchaaranam.
saadhaarana jarmman bhashayil (idathuvashathu) upayogikkunna shabdangale avayude pensylvania dutch thulyamaanennu kaanapedunna shabdangalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyaan aipa chinnangal upayogikkunnathinu chuvadeyulla pattikakal "prathyakshappedunnu". eee shabdalekhanangal pensylvania dutch uchaaranam saadhaarana jarmman uchaaranathil ninnu uruthirinjathaanennu ardhamaakkunnilla.
vyanjanaksharangal.
pensylvaniayile laankaastar kaundiyil, avarude pensylvania dutch bhashakal aadhunika uyarnna jarmman samsaarikkunnavarkk manasilakkaan budhimuttaakkunna niravadhi shifttukal undaayittund. saadhaaranayaayi aarambikkunna oru vaakk kooduthal eluppathil ucharikkaavunna, athinaal jarmman>>, jarmman>> aayi maarunnu. athupole, jarmman>>. jarmman>>. jarmman kuttikal samsarikkaan padikkunna saahacharyathil eee maattam saadhaaranamaanu.
guterrell vyanjanaaksharangalkk sesham mriduvaaya vyanjanaksharangal muun thalamurakalude guteralumaayi kalarnnu, koodaathe oru amerikkakkaaranum jarmman>>, jarmman>> aayi maari. mukalil vivarichathupole uchaaranathile mattangal, pothuvaayi aprathyakshamaaya nighandukkal enniva chernnu, ekadesham 300 varshangalkk munbu pensylvaniayil ninnu uthbhavichathum reinland-paalattinett pradeshathe jarmman bhashabhasha samsaarikkunnavarkk ippozhum manassilakkaan eluppamullathumaaya oru bhaashaabhedathinu kaaranamaakunnu.
engleeshumaayulla ashayavinimayam.
pensylvania dutch samskaaravum bhaashaabhedavum valarnna thekkan jarmmani, kizhakkan france, swittsarland ennividangalil ninnulla aalukal pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum vyaavasaayika viplavathinte thudakkathinu munbu vadakke amerikkayil varaan thudangi. 19-aamm noottaandinte madhyathil athe pradeshangalil ninnu vanathum ennaal ohiyo, indiana, midu vestt ennivayude mattu bhaagangalil kooduthal sthirathaamasamaakkiyathumaaya kudiyettatthinte randaam tharamgatthinte kaaryatthilum ithu valare parimithamaaya alavil sariyaanu. athinaal, vaidyuthi, yanthrangal, aadhunika kaarshika upakaranangal ennivayumaayi bandhapetta oru muzhuvan vyaavasaayika padawali swaabhaavikamaayum engleeshil ninnu kadameduthathaanu. aadhunika vyaapaarathilo vyaavasaayika anthareekshathilo jolie cheiyunna pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavarkk, ithu avarude maathrubhaasha nilanirthunnathinulla velluvili vardhippikkaan saadhyathayund.
thekkukizhakkan pensylvaniayile pensylvania jarmman vaasasthalathinte aadya thalamurakal muthal niravadhi engleesh vaakkukal kadameduthu pensylvania duchill upayogathinaayi sweekarichittundu. thaarathamyena saadhaaranamaaya engleesh vaipa padangalude udaaharanagal ('ningalkk pensylvania dutch samsarikkaan kazhiyumennu njaan urappu nalkunnu'), ('ithu ningal aaraanennathine aasrayichirikkunnu'); 'chaap' allengil 'gaii'; 'chaadaan' ennivayaanu. innu, samsaarikkunna palarum pensylvania dutch padangal cheria akkangalkkum engleesh 27,599 dollar polulla valuthum sankeernavumaaya samkhyakalkkum upayogikkum.
neremarichu, pensylvania dachinte muun thalamurakalil palarkkum engleesh samsarikkaan kazhiyumenkilum, avar athu shakthavum vyathirikthavumaya uchaaranathil samsaarikkunnathil prashastharaayirunnu. atharam pensylvania dutch engleesh ippozhum chilappol kelkkaam. pensylvania dutch swaadheenamulla eee engleeshine vivarikkan eee padavum anubandha lekhanangalum sameepakaalath upayogichuvenkilum parambaraagathamaayi ithine "duchy" allengil "dutch" engleesh ennu vilikkunnu.
pensylvania dachinte chila savisheshathakal pensylvania dutch engleeshiloode kizhakkan, madhya pensylvaniayile pothuvaayi samsaarikkunna engleeshine swaadheenichu. oru sradheyamaaya udaaharanam, saadhaaranayaayi oru varthamaanakaala pankaalitthatthode prakadippikkunna indriyangalude nilavaaramillaatha kaikaaryam cheyyalaanu. saadhaarana engleeshil, "athu sariyaakkendathundu" ennu oraal parayum, ennaal pensylvania dutch allatha praadeshika samsaarikkunnavarkk sthirappeduthenda jarmman polulla "nirmmikkam."
ezhuthu bhasha.
pensylvania dutch athinte charithrathiludaneelam praadhamikamaayi samsaarikkunna oru bhaashaabhedamaanu, athil samsaarikkunnavaril valare kurachu perr maathrame athu vaayikkano ezhuthaano shramichittulloo. pensylvania duchill ezhuthunnathu budhimuttulla oru joliyaanu, koodaathe eee bhaashaabhedathinu spelling staanderd illa. nilavil rund praadhamika malsaraadhishtitha modalukalundu, athil niravadhi orthographic (i.iii.spelling) samvidaanangal pensylvania dutch bhashayil ezhuthaan sramikkunna vyakthikalaanu. oru 'school' american engleesh oorthoograafiyude niyamangal paalikkunnu, mattonn staanderd jarmman oorthoograafiyude niyamangal (preesttan barba buffington vikasippicheduthath). ezhuthu reethi thiranjedukkunnathu uchaaranathil oru vyathyasavum soochippikkaan uddeshichullathalla. thaarathamyathinaayi, pothuvaaya parambaraagatha bhashayaaya engleesh vivarthanathil kaanappedunnathupole, karthaavinte praarthanayude rund aksharakrama samvidaanangal upayogichu pensylvania dachilekkulla oru vivarthanam chuvade avatharippikkunnu. randaamathe nirayile vaachakam american engleesh orthography adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru samvidaanathe chithreekarikkunnu. moonnaam nirayile vaachakam maruvashathu, staanderd jarmman adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru samvidaanam upayogikkunnu. aadya kolatthil engleesh orijinal kaanapedunnu, anchaam kolatthil oru saadhaarana jarmman pathipp drishyamaakunnu. (kurippu karthaavinte praarthanayude jarmman pathipp (kall) mikka kesukalilum pensylvaniayile jarmmankaar upayogichirikkaam, martin lutherinte puthiya niyamatthinte vivarthanathilninnaayir ithu.)
prasidheekaranangal.
1997 muthal, pensylvania dutch pathramaya "hivve vaii drive" upabhasha ezhuthukaare (avaril ippozhum 100 perr undu) pensylvania dutch kavithakalum gadyavum prasidheekarikkaan anuvadikkunnu. "maikkal verneraanu "hivve vii drivve" sthaapichathu. kuttstoun sarvakalaashaalayile pensylvania jarmman saamskaarika paithruka kendravumaayi sahakarichu 2013 muthal ithu varshathil randuthavana (oro lakkathinum 2,400 koppikal) prasidheekarikkunnu. 2002 muthal pathram oonlainilum achadiyilum prasidheekarikkappedunnu.
2006-ll jarmman publishing house edition tyntenfass pensylvania duchill pusthakangal achadikkaan thudangi.
2014-ll, yehova sakshikal pensylvania dutch bhashayil saahityam prasidheekarikkaan thudangi.
athijeevanam.
vadakke american mannil ippol naalam noottaandil kazhiyunna pensylvania duchill 2012ll 250,000-ladhikam perr samsaarichirunnu. ohiyo, indiana, visconsin, ayowa, mattu midu vestt samsthaanangal ennividangalil ekadesham 160,000 perr samsaarikkunna eee bhaashayude kendram padinjarottu maari. noha hoover groupile pazhaya oordar mennanaittukalil upper barton kreekkilum beleesile springfieldlum pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavarude ennam cheruthenkilum vardhichukondirikkanu. kaanadayile ontaariyoyile regional munisippaalitti oof waterloovinte vadakkan bhaagath kutirayum buggy ooldu oordar mennanaittukalum eee bhasha shakthamayi upayogikkunnu.
pothuve anabaptist pashchaathalamillaathavar innu avarude kuttikalkk eee bhasha kaimarunnilla, ennaal pazhaya oordar amish kutirayum buggy ulla pazhaya oordar mennanaittukalum innathe thalamurayil angane cheiyunnu, bhaviyil eee sambradaayam avasaanikkumennathinte soochanakalonnumilla. eee bhasha samrakshicha rund kaar driver anabaptist grouppukal maathrameyulloo pazhaya beachy amish, sleeping preacher charchukal ennum vilikkappedunna kaufmaan amish mennanaittukal. pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunna janasamkhyaykkullil yadhaarthathil oru nyoonapaksha vibhagamaayirunnu amish, ooldu oordar mennonaittukal, innu avar bahubhooripakshamaanu. saamoohyashaasthranjanaaya joonn eiii. hostettalar, yadhaartha pensylvania dutch janasamkhyayude 10 sathamaanathil thaazhe maathramaan amish allengil mennanaitt.
1989 leeii kanakkanusarichu, pensylvania-dutch samsaarikkunna thaddesheeyaraaya varggabhedam illaathavarum amishallaathavarum mennonaitt ithararum aaya maathaapithaakkal saadhaaranayaayi avarude kuttikalodu engleeshil maathramaayi samsaarichittund. thangalude kuttikale "dutch" uchaaranam vikasippikkunnathil ninnu thadayukayum avare schoolilekku thayyarakkukayum cheythathaayirunnu avar udharicha kaaranagal. prayamaayavar samsaarikkunna cheruppakkaarkku athu samsaarikkanulla kaaranam pothuve kaanaan kazhinjirunnilla. avarude kuttikalil palarum maathaapithaakkal ithu upayogikkunnathu kelkkunnathiloodeyum maathaapithaakkalekkaal praayamulla thalamurayumaayulla aashayavinimayathiloodeyum eee bhasha padichu. thaddesheeyamaayi engleesh samsaarikkunna aadya thalamurayil, mootha sahodarangal saadhaaranayaayi pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnath cheruppakkaarekkaal mikachathaanu.
eee bhaashayude upayogam munnott kondupokaanulla sramangal nadannittundu. kuttstoun sarvakalashaala pensylvania jarmman padanatthil oru samboornna cheria prograam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. pensylvania dutch bhaashayude rund poornna semastarukal eee paripaadiyil ulppedunnu. <aii. dii. 1> school varshathil professor edward kvintaraanu klaasukal padippichathu. 2008-2009 ll professor roobert lush instructoraayi sevanamanushtichu.
oru pandithan parayunnathanusarichu, "innu, mikkavarum ellah amishukalum pensylvania dutch, engleesh bhashakalil dwibhasha bhaashakalaan; ennirunnaalum, upayogathinte mekhalakal kuthane verthirikkappettirikku. athaazha mesha, sabhaa shushrooshakalil prasamgikkal thudangiya mikka inn-group krameekaranagalilum pensylvania dutch aadhipathyam pulartthunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, mikka vaayanaykkum ezhuthinum engleesh upayogikkunnu. skoolukalile prabodhana maadyamam koodiyaanu engleesh, ithu bisinesses edapaadukalilum palappozhum amishallaathavarumaayulla edapedalukal ulppedunna saahacharyangalilum upayogikkunnu. oduvil, amish sabhaayogangalil praarthanakal vaayikkukayum staanderd allengil uyarnna jarmman bhashayil paadukayum cheiyunnu. moonnu vyathyastha bhaashakalude vyathirikthamaya upayogam amish swathuathinte sakthamaaya vaahakanayi varthikkunnu."kooduthal kooduthal saahacharyangalil engleesh bhasha upayogikkunnundengil", "kudiyettakkaarude nirantharamaaya varavu vamshanaashabheeshani neridukayo pinthunaykkukayo cheyyaatha amerikkayile orupidi nyoonapaksha bhashakalil onnaanu pensylvania dutch"."
ithu oru otappetta bhaashaabhedavum mikkavarum ellah thaddesheeyabhaashakalum engleeshil dvibhaashikalaayathinaalum, eee bhaashaabhedathinu ettavum valia bheeshani parambaraagatha padaavaliyude kramena kshayichupokunnu, athinusesham engleeshil ninnu dushicha engleesh vaipa vaakkukalo vaakkukalo pakaram vaykkunnu.
samsaarikkunnavarude ennam.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil jarmman bhasha kooduthalum maattisthaapicha virjeeniyayile pazhaya oordar mennanaittukal ozhike, amerikkayil mikka pazhaya oordar amish ellah "hozhs aandu buggy" pazhaya oordar mennanaitt grouppukalum pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnu. niravadhi pazhaya oordar amish communitykalundu (prathyekichu indiaanayil) avide samsaarikkunna berneys jarmman, swis jarmman bhaashayude oru roopavum pensylvania duchella, loow alimanic alsasian bhaashayumaan. koodaathe, ooldu oordar horning wisler mennanaittukalum oodikkunna kaarukalil pensylvania duchine engleesh kooduthalum maatti.
pensylvania dutch bhasha orikkal prabalamaayirunna mattu mathavibhagangalil pensylvania dutch pashchaathalatthilulla lutheran, jarmman parishkaricha sabhakal, schwenkfeldezhs, schwarzeno (jarmman baptist) sahodaranmaar enniva ulppedunnu. valare adutha kaalam vare, pensylvania dachinekkurichu samsaarikkunnathin mathaparamaya ardhangalonnum undaayirunnilla.
kaanadayile ontaariyoyil, ooldu oordar amish, ontaariyo ooldu oordar mennanaitt konfaransile amgangal, david martin ooldu oordar mennanaittukal, oorthadoox mennanaittukal, mattullavarude cheria pokkattukal (mathaparamaya bandham pariganikkathe) ennivar pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnu. ooldu oordar marcam-waterloo mennanaitt konfarans oodikkunna kaarile amgangal kooduthalum engleeshilekku maari. 2017ll kaanadayil pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavarude ennam 10,000 aayirunnu, ithu american aikyanaadukale apekshichu valare kuravaanu.
klaas room krameekaranatthil eee bhasha padippikkaan chila kammyoonittikalil sramangal nadakkunnundu; ennirunnaalum, oro varshavum kadannupokumbol, aaa prathyeka kammyoonittikalil eee bhasha samsaarikkunnath kuravaanu. eee bhashayil ippozhum oru prathivaara radio prograam undu, athil prekshakar kooduthalum vaividhyamaarnna grouppukalaayittundu, munbu jarmman upayogichirunna pensylvaniayile niravadhi lutheran, parishkaricha sabhakalkk pensylvania duchill vaarshika sevanamundu. thaddesheeyamallaatha bhasha samsaarikkunnavaril thaddesheeya bhasha samsaarikkunnavarumaayi pathivayi bisinesses cheiyunna vyakthikalum ulppedunnu.
avaril, 2008ll pazhaya oordar amish janasamkhya ekadesham 2,27,000 aayirunnirikkam. koodaathe, pazhaya oordar mennanaitt janasamkhya, athil ganyamaaya sathamaanam pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavaraan, pathinaayirakkanakkin. eee bhasha samsaarikkunna aayirakkanakkin mennonaittukalum amish ithara, mennonaitt ithara pashchaathalatthilulla aayirakkanakkin pazhaya pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavarum undu. pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunna thekkukizhakkan pensylvaniayile oru samghadanayaaya grundsou lodjil 6,000 amgangalundennu parayappedunnu. athinaal, 2008-leeii prabhaashakarude janasamkhyayude nyayamaaya kanakk 300,000-nuu aduthaayirikkaam, ennirunnaalum chila academic prasidheekaranangal ulppede palathum valare kuranja ennam report cheythekkaam, aaa vaividhyamaarnna prabhashaka grouppukalekkurichu ariyilla.
amish janasamkhyayude valippathekkurich aupachaarika sthithivivarakkanaklukalonu, koodaathe canadayilum yuu bhashayilum pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnavaril bhooribhaagavum.ezz. ettavum aduthulla oopshan labhyamayathinaal avar jarmman samsaarikkunnuvenn sensus report cheyyum. 2000 leeii sensus prakaram pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensil pensylvania dutch vamshaparambarayil pensil pensil dutch vamshaparambarayil penn dutch vamshaparambarayil penn dutch vamshaparambarayil penn dutch vamshaparambarayil penn dutch vamshaparambarayil penn dutch vamshaparambarayil penn dutch vamshaparambarayil penn daa
laattin amerikkayile parambaraagatha anabaptist grouppukalilppetta pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunna chilarundu. beleesile mikka mennanaitt samoohangalum plaattdaitsh samsaarikkunnundenkum, 1970 oode kooduthalum belais cheyyaan vanna noorukanakkinu aalukalum noha hoover mennanaittukalil pettavarum pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnu. bolivia, arjanteena, belees ennividangalil pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunna puthiya oordar amish kudiyettakkaarum undu, athesamayam aaa raajyangalile yaadhaasthithika menionaittukalil bhooribhaagavum plaattdaitsh samsaarikkunnu.
udaaharanagal.
marrio peyude "langwej" enna pusthakatthil, eee bhaashaabhedathile oru janapriya kavita (kadamedutha vaakkukalude roopathil kaaryamaaya engleesh swaadheenamulla) achadikkappedunnu; swatantra vivarthanam pradhaanamaayum jeey aanu. kooppar.
linkukal pinthudarnnu, samsaarikkunna pensylvania dachinte rund udaaharanangalund ('maathrubhaasha'), ('ningal oru kristhyaaniyaayi janikkunnundo?'). viskansin sarvakalaashaalayude "american bhashakal-nammude raajyathinte niravadhi bhashakal oonlainil" enna pejil samsaarikkunna pensylvania dachinte kooduthal udaaharanagal kaanam.
oru pensylvania dutch gaanatthinte udaaharanam "('ente achanum amayum jarmmankaaraan'), ivide joonn schmid aalapichu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
"ooranchu ees dhaa nyoo black" enna kathaapaathramaaya leane taylor kudumbavum jayilil pookunnathinumumbu avalude amish pashchaathalam kaanikkunna flashbaakkukalil pensylvania dutch samsaarikkunnathayi chithreekarichirikkunnu.
shaasthra-fiction ezhuthukaaranaaya maikkal fline "dhii phoorast oof time" enna noval ezhuthi, athil america orikkalum sthaapithamaayillenkilum pathimoonnu kolanikalil oronnum oru swatantra rashtramenna nilayil athintethaaya vazhikk pooyi. aaa charithratthil, pensylvania dutch bhasha deseeya bhashayaayi sweekarikkukayum engleesh samsaarikkunna ayalkkaaril ninnum europian germmaniyil ninnum valare vyathyasthamaaya, athintethaaya prathyeka samskaaramulla oru jarmman samsaarikkunna rajyamaayi vikasikkukayum cheythu.
baahya linkukal.
samghadanakal
pensylvania jarmman
kooduthal vivarangal

