sporisorium railianum

sporisorium railianum (jeey.jii. kuhn) langdon & phul.munbu "spacelotheca railiana" ennum "sporisorium railianum" ennum ariyappettirunna ustilaajinesee kudumbatthile oru biotrophic fungus inamaanu, (1978). cholavineyum cholambaarameyum badhikkunna oru sasya rogakaariyaanith.
aathidheyar, lakshanagal.
"sporisorium railianum" cholam thalayil mangiyathum sorgam thalayil mangiyathumaanu rogangalkk kaaranamaakunnath. eee mannil parathunna smutt fangasinu rund "formay specialukal" undu. "ezz. railianum "eph. ezz. pii. "railianum" sorgathinum sorgathinum prathyekamaanu. railianum "eph. ezz. pii. "zee" cholam prathyekamaanu. rund "formay specialukalkku" athath eshtappedaatha aathidheyaril beejakangal roopappeduthaan kazhiyaathath enthukondaanennu ariyilla.
dhaanyathinteyum chorinteyum kashanangalilum yadhaartha cheviyilum valia smutt gaalukalude roopathilaanu fangasinte lakshanagal prakadippikkunnathu. sorgam tassel baadhikkappedumbol, durbalamaaya pithasanchikku kurachu karutha beejaanukkal muthal tassel moodunna valia karutha beejaanukkal vare undaakum. beejaanukkal rogathinte adayaalamaanu, avaa mattu cholam, cholam chedikalilekku rogam vyaapippikkaan upayogikkunnu. cholinte chevikk rogam baadhikkumbol, athu valare cheruthum kanneer thulliyude aakruthiyilullathumaayi kaanapedunnu, koodaathe athinte ullil oru cob polumilla. fangasinte beejaanukkale nirmmikkukayum pidichunirtthukayum cheiyunna gadanakalaaya velutha soorii kobinu pakaram vaykkunnu. rogabadhithamaaya oru tassel undengil, chevikalilum thala mangiyirikkaan saadhyathayund.
jeevitachakram.
"sporisorium railianum" enna rogachakrathil "ustilago maidis" enna rogachakrathinu samanamaaya oru laingika ghattamundenn ariyappedunnu."cheruppatthilulla thaikalil ninnu verukalilaanu prarambha anubadhakal undaakunnath. rogakaarikal vyavasthaapithamaayi vikasikkukayum aathidheya chedi pakwata praapikkumbol cheviyilum tassel tissuekalilum kaanappedukayum cheiyunnu. pakwata praapikkumbol cholam baadhicha thalayude velutha soriyil teleosporukal kaanapedunnu. iva kaattil eluppathil chitharikkum. anuyojyamaaya poshakasamriddhamaaya mannum <aii. dii. 1> digri selshyasinu chuttumulla kaalaavasthayum mannil teleosporukalude mulaykkaan anuvadikkunnu. naalu koshangalulla basidiyathinte uthpaadanam sambhavikkunnu, ithu sporidia srishtikkunna haployed basidiosporukalilekku nayikkunnu. pakarchavyaadhiyum paraannabhojiyumaaya dicariotic mysilium roopappedaan prerippikkunna oru anuyojyatha allengil saadrishyam kaaranam eee sporidia fuse cheiyunnu. eee intra sellular mysilium cholatthinte pookkalude valarchayude bhaagangalil aakramikkunnath kaanam. pushpangalude uthppaadanam kandethanulla kazhivu kaaranam relianathinu pushpakoshangale poornnamaayum kuraykkaan kazhiyum.
"ezz. valarchaykkum atijeevanathinum cholam allengil cholam ennivaye aashrayikkunnathinaal relianum biotrophic aanu. chedikalude aann allengil penn bhaagangalude pookkal, penn cheviyum aann tassel eee inam anubaadhayude samayathe badhikkaam. necrosis, rogavikasanam enniva rogabadhithanaaya hosttinte thalayilaanu ettavum kooduthal kaanappedunnath.
paristhithi.
vadakke america, austreliya, eshya, thekkan europe ennividangalile pala pradeshangalum ulppede cholam valarunna mikka pradeshangalilum cholam head smutt kaanapedunnu. chevikk pakaram valia smutt soorii upayogikkunnathu moolam pakarchavyaadhi samayat ithu valia vilavu nashtappedutthunnu. cholam verukale badhikkaan, railianum "eph. ezz. pii. "zee" oru dicariotic parannabhojiyaaya haifa roopappeduthanam, ithu anuyojyamaaya rund haployed strainukalude inacheralinu kaaranamaakunnu. vaayubhaagangaliloode cholam chedikale badhikkunna mattoru cholam smutt aaya "ustilago maidis" ll ninnu vyathyasthamayi, anubadha ellaayppozhum veriloode mannil sambhavikkunnu. cholam violile anubaadhaykk <aii. dii. 1> digri selshyas thaapanila anuyojyamaanu, ithu paramavadhi teleospore mulaykkunnathaanu ennu samshayikkunnu.
maanejment.
s"-kall kandethuka. phalapradamaaya oru roganirvvahana samvidaanam vikasippikkunnathinulla oru pradhana chuvaduveppaanu railianum. rogakaarikale ottappeduthunnathum microscopic morphological padanavum ulppedeyulla parambaraagatha reethikal kadinavum budhimuttullathum chilappol anischithamaaya phalangal nalkunnathumaanu. pii. sii. aarr polulla vegameriyathum nirddishtavum sensitteevumaaya tanmatra upakaranangal kandethunnathinum vilayiruthunnathinum aavasyamaanu. relianum ". 1999ll "s" kandethunnathinayi dna adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru parisodhana vikasippichu. "reyliyanavum" "ustilago maidisil" ninnulla athinte vyathyasavum ". aduthide, 2012-ll, forrier transform infrared spectrometry upayogichu "s" thirichariyunnathinaayi oru reethi sthaapichu. "railianum" beejaanukkal.
prathirodhasheshiyulla kalttivarukalum fungasideukal upayogichu vithu chikitsa upayogichu head smutt niyantrikkaan kazhiyum. pooppalnaashinikalude ila prayogam rogathe niyanthrichitla. mannile smutt beejakangalkk deerghakaalam nilanilkkaan kazhiyumennathinaal vilakalude bhramanathinu samshayaaspadamaaya moolyamundu. cholam vilavu kuraykkunnathinulla ettavum laabhakaravum paristhithi souhrudavumaaya maarggam prathirodhasheshiyulla cholam sankarayinangale prajananam cheyyukayum vinyasikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu. arrie (oreesa saattiva), gothamb (trittikam aastivam) thudangiya mattu dhaanya vilakalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, cholam breedermar vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna gunaparamaaya prathirodha jeenukal kuravaanu. pakaram, bhooribhaagam rogangaleyum prathirodhikkaan cholam thaarathamyena kooduthal alavilulla prathirodhasheshiyulla sthalamaanu eee vayalil vinyasichirikkunnath. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, cholam prathirodham. relianum "polysenic niyanthranathilaanennu karuthappedunnu. onniladhikam cheria-ephakt kvaanditteevu resistans lokkiyude sanjitha falangalkku uyarnnatho poornnamo aaya prathirodham srishtikkaan kazhiyum.
praadhaanyam.
mukalil chithreekarichirikkunnathu "sporisorium railianum" enna rogakariyaaya pravanatha athinte jeevitachakram aathidheya sasyamaayi cholam allengil sorgam ennivayude valarchayumayi yojichukondu nadappilaakkuka ennathaanu. udaaharanathinu, dhaanyathinte chevikalkku pakaram chedi polulla sooras vikasikkunnu. eee mankudinte arambham idaykkide sambhavikkunnathum pathukke purogamikkunnathumaayathil rogathinte theevratha kooduthalaanu. udaaharanathinu, oru cholam vayalil 10 sathamaanam vilavu nashtappedukayum 80 sathamaanam prathyaksha anubadhayum undaakukayum cheyyum. anubaadhaykk sheshamulla chikitsa, rogam illaathaakkunnathino kuraykkunnathino ulla chikitsa, alpam phalapradamo phalapradamallaathatho aanu. eee rogakaarikalkk srishtikkaan kazhiyunna vanthothilulla vilanashtam, varshangalolam nilanilkkaan kazhiyunna, mannil kaalaharanapetta shaithyakaalathe kurichu ariyaatha, teleosporukalekkurich ariyaatha, uthppaadakare vinaashakaramaan. vithukal nadumbozho vilaveduppinu munbo oru fungazide upayogichu vithukal chikilsikkunnathu beejaanukkalude vyaapanam parimithappeduthunnathinna pradhaanamaan, prathyekichu uthppaadakarkku uyarnna apakadasaadyathayulla feeld eriyakal ariyaamenkil. vilaveduppu upakaranangaliloodeyo nadeel upakaranangaliloodeyo rogamuktha pradeshangalilekku beejakangalude vyaapanam parimithappeduthendathu pradhaanamaan. sporisorium railianum" enna sambhavam aphrica, europe, yuu. ezz. ennividangalil sambhavikkunnu.ezz., chinayum. innu vipaniyile fungazide upayogam soochippikkunnathu lokamembaadum prathivarsham ekadesham 52 dasalaksham ekkar daanyangal nashtappedunnu ennaanu.
rogakaaranam.
"sporosorium relianium" aduthulla sasyangalude saannidhyam manassilakkaanulla kazhivu kaanichittundu. eee rogakaarikal ellaayppozhum verukaliloode badhikkunnu, verukalkku sameepamulla hyphel vyaapanam eee fungus rogakaariyude aadya ghattatthinte swabhaavamaanu. basido ghattathil, basidiosporukal haployed saprophytic yeesttukalaayi valarunnu. eee yeesttukal cherukayum dicariotic haifa roopappedukayum athu aathidheya chediye verukaliloode baadikkukayum cheiyunnu. chediyude verukal puranthallunnathu choliyude valarchayeyum shaakhakaleyum baadhikkunnuvenn rund inam cholikalil theliyikkappettittund. relionium "endomycorisal fungus verumaayi fungus sanbarkkam pularthunnathinu munbu.

