
saambathikashaasthram (paatapusthakam)

american saambathika shaasthranjaraaya pooll saamuvalsan vilyam nordhouse chernnu rachicha oru aamukha paatapusthakamaanu economics. 1948ll aadyamaayi prasidheekaricha eee paatapusthakam pathonpathu vyathyastha pathippukalil prathyakshappettu, ettavum puthiyath 2009ll. niravadhi pathittaandukalaayi ettavum kooduthal vitazhikkappetta saambathikashaasthra paatapusthakamaayirunnu ithu, 1961 muthal 1976 vare oro pathippinteyum 300,000 koppikal vittazhikkappedukayum ippozhum janapriyamaayi thudarukayum cheythu. pusthakam naalppathiyonnu bhaashakalilekku vivarthanam cheyyappedukayum motham naalu dashalakshathiladhikam koppikal vilkkukayum cheythu.
"economics" panthrandaam pathipp (2001) vare saamuvalsan aanu poornnamaayum ezhuthiyathu. 17-aamm pathippinum (2001) athinusheshamulla nordhouse ulppede mattu pathippukalumayi puthiya pathippukal parishkarichittundu.
swaadheenam.
"saambathikashaasthram" oru "canonical paatapusthakam" ennu vilikkappedunnu, mukhyadharaa saambathika chinthayude vikasanam saamuvalsante edittinginu keezhilulla pathinaalu pathippukale thaarathamyam cheythaanu kandethunnathu.
"economics" "neoclassical synthesis" "enna padam srishtikkukayum eee ashayam janapriyamaakkukayum cheythu, neoclassical economics keyneeshyan economics samyojippikkukayum irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil amerikkayilum aagolathalathilum mukhyadharaa saambathikashaasthrathile munnira skoolaayi ithu maarukayum cheythu".
ithu "mithavyayathinte vairudhyam" enna padam janapriyamaakkukayum eee ashayam keynsinu avakaashappedukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum cains thanne ithu munkaala rachayithaakkalkk nalkukayum purathana kaalathe aashayathinte roopangalkku kaaranamavukayum cheythu.
irupathaam noottaandode marks, lenin ennivaye pattikappedutthunna soshyalisam, marshalineyum keynsineyum pattikappedutthunna neo-classical synthesis ennee rund grouppukal maathram ulkkollunna oru "saambathikashaasthrathinthi kudumba vruksham" 1958 leeii paatam avatharippichu. soviyatt kammyoonisathinteyum american muthalaalithathinteyum annathe sheethayudha sambadvyavasthaykku samaantharamaayirunnu ithu. ithu saambathika chinthayude malsara skoolukalekkurichulla lalithamaaya kaazhchappaad munnott kondupoyi, svayam vyathirikthamayi kanakkaakkunna skoolukale ulppeduthi, innu saambathikashaasthrathinathum puratthumulla palarum saamuvalsane pinthudarnnu "saambathikashaasthrathe" "navaa-classical saambathikashaasthravumaayi" thulyamaakkunnu.
pilkkala pathippukal austriyan school, sthaapanavaadam, marxian saambathikashaasthram thudangiya mattu skoolukalude vipulamaaya kavarej nalki.
sweekaranam.
"1947ll laurie tarshis rachicha 'saambathikashaasthrathinthi gadakangal' kazhinjaal amerikkayile randaamathe keyneeshyan paatapusthakamaayirunnu 'economics'. tarshisinte kruthiyeppole, "saambathikashaasthram" american yaadhaasthithikar aakramichu (randaamathe redu perr allengil makkaartthisatthinte bhaagamaayi), athu sweekaricha sarvakalashaalakal "yaadhaasthithika bisinus sammarddathinu" vidheyamaayirunnu, saamuvalsan kammyoonisathinu kuttakkaaranaanennu aaropikkapettu. ennirunnaalum, "saambathikashaasthram" vijayakaramaanennu theliyikkukayum athu vyaapakamaayi sweekarikkappedukayum cheythu. kooduthal "vairulen [tii]" aakramanangalkk vidheyamaaya tarshisumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol saamuvalsante grandhatthinte vijayam, vividha gadakangalkku kaaranamaakunnu, prathyekichu saamuvalsante niswaarthavum shaasthreeyavumaaya shaili, tharshisinte kooduthal edapazhakunna shailiyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, thudarnnulla grandhangal saamuvalsante sailiye pinthudarnnu. saambathikashaasthrathil" communist anubhaavamundenn yaadhaasthithikar unnayicha aropanangal 1980 vare thudarnnu.

