
soviyatt distroyer bakku

1930kalil soviyatt naavikasenaykkaayi nirmmicha aarr distroyer leadermaaril oraalaayirunnu bakku (), ithu moonnu project 38 vakabhedangalil onnaanu. 1939 avasaanathode poortthiyaaya eee kappal pasaphik kappalppadaykku kaimari. 1941 juunil russiayile jarmman adhiniveshathinu ekadesham oru varshathinu sesham, artic samudrathiloode sanjarichu vadakkan kappalppadayil cheraan avalodu utharavittu. mattu niravadhi distroyarukalodoppam, 1942 joolaiyil "bakku" soviyatt vidoora kizhakk vittu moonnu maasathinu sesham marmaanskil ethi, avide avar kooduthalum vella, baarants kadalukalil kappalukale akambadikkaan thudangi. novemberil mattoru soviyatt distroyer mungippoya kodunkaattil kappalin saaramaayi kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum maasangalolam attakuttappanikal nadakkukayum cheythu. "1944 oktobarile pettaamo-kirkeens aakramana samayat jarmman adhinivesha pattanangalil bombakramanam nadathiyenkilum bakku yudhathinte backie samayam bhooribhaagavum konvoy escort dutykalkkaayi chelavazhichu. yudhasamayathe prakadanatthinu 1945 nte thudakkathil kappalinum crewin oordar oof redu banner labhichu.
yudhathinushesham, avar punarnirmmikkappedukayum 1946-ll vadakkan kappalppadayil veendum cherukayum cheythu. adutha niravadhi varshangalil avar choodulla maasangalil vyayaamam cheyyukayum shaithyakaalath reservil vaykkukayum cheythu. adutha varsham yudhasamayathe oru saangalppika distroyarinekkurichlu oru sinimayil avar abhinayichu. "bakku" 1948-ll oru neenda attakuttappanikal aarambhichu, athu 1954 vare neenduninnu. athu poortthiyaayappol avaa pareekshanathmaka jolikalkkaayi upayogikkukayum rund varshathinu sesham oru pareekshana kappalayi aupachaarikamaayi punarvarggeekarikkappedum cheythu. "1958ll bakku oru taargett kappalakki maattiyengilum eathaanum aazhchakalkk sesham oru dippo kappalayi mattappettu. 1959ll avar oru thaamasakkappalaayi maarukayum oduvil 1963ll naavikasenayude pattikayil ninnu ozhivaakkukayum adutha varsham athu raddaakkukayum cheythu.
roopakalppanayum vivaranavum.
1930 kalude thudakkathil franch valia distroyaraaya (kontre-torpillure) designukal kondu mathippulavaakkiya soviyattukal avarude swantham pathipp roopakalppana cheythu. leningraadukal" mothatthil neelam koodiyathum jalarekhayil neelamullathumaayirunnu. kappalukalkk oru beam undaayirunnu, aazhathilulla bhaarathil oru draaft undaayirunnu. rund baachukalaayi nirmmicha randaamathe baachu (project 38) staanderd lodilum aazhathilulla lodilum sthaanabhramsham varuthi. samaadhaanakaalath 250 udyogastharum naavikarumaan avarude samghathilullathu, yudhakaalathu 311 perr. kappalukalkk moonnu gear steem turbineukal undaayirunnu, oronnum oru propeller oodikkunnu, moonnu three drum boyilarukalil ninnu neeravi upayogichu nirmmikkaan roopakalppana cheythirikkunnu, ithu avaykku paramavadhi vegatha nalkaan uddeshichullathaanu. leningraadukal" avarkk oru paridhi nalkaan mathiyaya indhana enna vahichirunnu.
nirmmichathupole, "leningrad" klaas kappalukal rund jody superfiring single moundukalaayi anchu bii-13 thokkukal gadippichu, superstructurinte munnilum pinnilum paalatthinum forwade funnelinum idayil mattoru moundu. thokkukal thokku sheeldukalaal samrakshikkappettu. pinbhaagathe superstructuril orotta moundukalil 34-keey aaa thokkukalum paalatthinte iruvashathum gadippichirikkunna 21-keey aaa thokkukalum aarr dhke mesheen gannukalum vimana virudha prathirodham nalki. pinn kuzhalinte munnilum pinnilum karangunna naalu moundukalilaayi avar ettu torpido tubeukal vahichu; oro tubin oru reload nalkiyirunnu. kappalukalkk paramavadhi 68 allengil 115 khanikal vahikkanum 52 depth chaarjukal vahikkanum kazhiyum. antarvaahini virudha kandethalinayi avayil oru koottam arktoor hydrophoneukal gadippichirunnu.
mattangal.
1944ll baakkuvil naalu depth charge launcherukal gadippichu. pasaphik kappalppadayil ninnu purathupokunnathinu munbu, avar thante rund 21-keey moundukal patthu 70-keey aaa thokkukalkku kaimari. yudhasamayathu avarkk oru britiish type 128 asdic sisttam labhichu, thudakkathil 286 meter uparithala-serch radar type gadippichirunnu, ennaal 1945 aayappozhekkum ithinu pakaram 284 gunnery radar american sf-1 radar sthaapichu. yudhaanantharam, 76-37 millimeter thokkukalellaam eratta moundukalilulla 70-keey thokkinte oru dussen vaattar-cooled vii-11 emm pathippukalaal maattisthaapichu. 1950kalil radaarukalkk pakaram topp boow, eevs topp, plum jaar, booal end radaarukal enniva sthaapikkukayum pooll formastinu pakaram avaye pinthunaykkunnathinaayi tripod maast sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
nirmmanavum thozhilum.
nirmmanavum pasaphik sevanavum.
bakku" aayi marria kappalin yadhaarthathil ukraine thalasthaanatthinte peril "keevu" ennaanu perittathu. keevu" ennathinte pradhana gadakangal kappalsala nambaril sthaapichu. 1935 januvari 5 nuu nikkolayevil yard nambar 267 aayi 198 (marty southu), khabarovskinaduthulla pokrovka steshanilekku reyil cheyyukayum amoor vazhi puthiya kappalsala nambarilekku ayaykkukayum cheythu. parichayasambannanaaya kappal nirmmathaavinteyum kappalsala cheef enchineeyarudeyum melnottatthil asamblikkaayi cyberiayile comsomolsk-oonn-amooril 199. 1936 march 10 nuu kappal veendum sthaapichu, nirmmaanathinum yanthrangalude instaaleshanum vendi goinkis thirascheenamaaya oru slipway upayogichathode athinte nirmmaanam thwarithappeduthi. soviyatt raashtreeyakkaarante bahumaanaartham 1938 juulai 25 nuu oordoonikkidse ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu, ippozhum poortthiyaakaattha distroyer leadere kappalsala nambar vladivostokkilekku kondupokaan utharavittu. 202 (dalsavod) avale vegathil nirmmikkaan. 
"kappalsala nambaril ninnu "oordoonikkidse" valichedukkappettu. 199 daun rivar nikolayevsku-oonn-amoorilekkum thudarnnu septambar 27 nuu aarambikkunna sovetskaaya gaavanilekkum chila gadakangal sthaapikkukayum kappal kadal vazhi valikkaan thayyarakukayum cheythu. october 25 nuu avar vladivostokkil ethi, poortthiyaayappol desember 11 nuu avasaanicha niravadhi pareekshanangalkk vidheyayayi, athinusesham 1939 desember 27 nuu avar sevanathil praveshichu, athe samayam "sergo oordoonikkidse" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu; avalude nirmmaanathinu 33.2 dasalaksham rbls chelavayi. adhika pareekshanangalkkum poratta parisheelanathinum sesham, ippol pasaphik kappalile ettavum valuthum vegathayeriyathumaaya kappalaya distroyer leadere 1940 meyy 6 nuu randaamathethinte onnaam distroyer divishanilekku niyamichu. eiii enna peru veendum upayogikkunnathinaayi, kappaline azeri thalasthaanatthinte peril septambar 25 nuu "bakku" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. 1941 juunil ooppareshan barbarossa aarambhichathinusesham, 1940 muthal "kaapittan 3 ranga" (kyapttan 3 rank) yude neethrthwathil "bakku" minefieldukalum escort traansporttukalum sthaapikkukayum october aadyam oru ell. eph. tii degousing samvidaanam sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
vadakkan kappalppadayilekkulla yaatra.
vadakkan kappalppadayude balaheenathayudeyum randaam lokamahaayudhathile artic kappalukalude praadhaanyathinteyum falamaayi, 1942 meyy maasathil niravadhi aadhunika kappalukal pasafikkil ninnu vadakkan kappalukalilekku maattaan staavka theerumaanichu; ithu juun 18 nuu naavikasenayude peeples kammeeshanar nikkole kusnetsov utharavittu. bakku" ennathinoppam, moonnu "gnevni" klaas distroyarukalum-,,,,-enniva prathyeka uddeshyathinulla paryaveshanamaayi (iyoon)-18 enna peril vadakkan kappalppadayilekku maattaan padhathiyittirunnu, soviyatt yudhakkappalukal vadakkan kadal paatha kizhakk ninnu padinjarottu neeravi upayogikkaan aadyamaayi. moonnu aise brakerukal, moonnu enna tankerukal, metteeriyal suppliesinaayi rund traansporttukal ennivaykkoppam kaambathkayilekku sthalammaattam cheiyumenna bhavam upayogichu valare rahasyamaayi thayyarakkiyathaayirunnu paryaveshanam. manjinethire avalude purambhaagam shakthippeduthunnathinaayi, juunil dalsavodil "bakku" drydock cheythu, avide sheett irumbu kondu varacha thadi kiranangal avalude vashangalil gadippichirunnu; sheett irumbu kattiyullathaayirunnu, avide kiranangal lambamaayum staarnilum sthaapichu. dagosingh koyilukalude puramchattayude akathalathilekkulla neekkam, boiler murikalkkaayi oru adhika agnishamana upakaranam sthaapikkal, aise yaathraykkaayi avarude pathiv propullerukalkku pakaram prathyeka reinforced propellerukal sthaapikkal, 45 emm 21-keey aanti-aircraft thokkukalkku pakaram 37 emm 70-keey aayudangal upayogikkuka ennivayaanu mattu mattangal.
amithabharavum varuthiya maattangalum kaaranam, vosttokk ulkkadalil nadanna oru trial ranninide "bakuwa" nte kadal yogyatha kuranjathaayi kandethiyenkilum kappal appozhum yaathraykk thayyaaraanenn karuthappettu. "baakkuvum" mattu moonnu distroyarukalum 1942 juulai 15 nuu vladivostokkil ninnu purappettu, juulai 17 nuu dii-kaasthriyil punarnirmmaanatthinaayi nirthunnathinu munbu tartory kadalidukkiloode kadannupoyi. avar okhotsku kadalilekku thudarnnu, ennaal "revnostini" adutha divasam sakhaalin gulfill oru gathagathavumaayi koottiyidikkukayum juulai 19 nuu kusnetsovil ninnu aadyathethu illaathe thudaraan utharavu labhikkunnathuvare paryavekshanam nirthaan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. juulai 22 nuu aadyathe kuril kadalidukkiloode kadannupokumbol, japanese yudhakkappalukal paryavekshanam kandethi, avachinsky ulkkadalilekku avare tracucheythu. athe divasam vaikunneram petropavlovsk-kaamchaatski naavika thaavalatthile taryaa beyil vitharanathinayi distroyarukal ethi. avar chukkotkayilekku aaviyil kayarukayum juulai 30 nuu providenia ulkkadalil praveshikkukayum avide oru aise breaker, tanker, gathagatham enniva muun support kappalukale aashwasippikkukayum cheythu. august 14 nuu purappedunnathinu munbu thakaraarukal parishodhikkunnathinaayi paryavekshanam randaazhcha avide vishramichu, adutha divasam aadyamaayi aise nerittu. aise vardhichathode paryaveshanatthinte chalanam kooduthal budhimuttaayi, septambar aadyam "rasumni" yaanthrika prasnangal nerittappol pevekkil nirtthi neenda kadalidukkiloode kadannupoyi. "baakkuvum sheshikkunna distroyer randaamathethu upekshichu septambar 14 nuu ambarchik ulkkadalil praveshichu, avide aise avare sharashari vegatha kuraykkaan nirbandhitharaakki.
eee saahacharyangalil, paryavekshanam kizhakkan cyberian kadaliloode laptev kadalilekku kadannupoyi. septambar 17 nuu avar saadhanangal niraykkaanum cheria attakuttappanikal nadatthaanum oru divasathekku tixiyil nirtthi, bakku randaamathethil oru valanja propeller kaaranam "rassierioni" edukkunnu. oru puthiya aise breakerinu munbu, kappalukal adutha divasam thuramukhathu ninnu purappettu. kreegsmarine" nte ooppareshan "wunderland" ennathinodulla prathikaranamaayi, wilkitsky kadalidukkiloode kadannupokumbol avar avarude thokkukal poornnamaayum upayogichu. septambar 24 nuu dixonil nankooramitta kappalukalil "bakku" enna kappalil cheria thakaraarukal pariharichenkilum "raasiyariyoniyude" propeller nannakkaan kazhinjilla. october 9nuu kaara kadalil oru kodunkaattine abhimukheekarichu paryavekshanam punaraarambhichu. pittennu athu yugorsky shaar kadalidukkil vadakkan kappalukalil ninnulla kappalukale kandumuttukayum, naalu aise brakerukalum 22 traansporttukalum upayogichu rasumni enna distroyarine pidikoodiya paryaveshanam october 14 nuu veigayile koola ulkkadalil praveshichu; addehathinte neethrthwathinu beliyevinu desasneha yudhathinte oordar, onnaam klaas labhichu.
randaam lokamahaayudham vadakkan kappalppadaykkoppam sevanam cheiyunnu.
vayenkayil, hull-shakthippeduthunna beemukalum plating neekkam cheiyunnathinum yaathraykk haanikaramaanennu theliyikkapetta aise-shakthippeduthiya propellerukal maattisthaapikkunnathinum degousing koyilukal punasthaapikkunnathinum vimana virudhavum antarvaahini virudhavumaaya aayudangal gadippikkunnathinum oru marachuvekkal peyint skeem sweekarikkunnathinum randaazhchathekku "bakku" doock cheythu. athesamayam, october 20 nuu avar puthuthayi srishticha northen fleet distroyer brigedinte onnaam divishante nethaavaayi. october avasana divasangalil, "bakku" vellakkadalilekku gathagatham earppeduthukayum october 29 nuu soviyatt aakramanathe pinthunachu "rasumni" upayogichu theerathu bombakramanam nadathukayum cheythu. adutha maasam, "baakkuvum" distroyer november 17 muthal 20 vare sakthamaaya kodunkaattu nerittappol arkhaangelskil ninnu baarants kadalilekku kyoopi 15 enna vaahanavyoohathe samrakshichu. uyarnna thiramaalakalum sakthamaaya kaattum "sokrushittelni" pakuthiyaayi takarkkaan kaaranamaayi, athesamayam onniladhikam compartmentukal vellathinadiyilaakukayum vellam rund boyilarukal pravarthanarahithamaakkukayum cheythappol "bakku" nuu saaramaayi kedupaadukal sambhavichu, ithu 40 digri thuramukhathekku oru pattika srishtikkunnu. randaamathethu "sokrushithelniye" sahayikkaan utharavidappettuvenkilum kodunkaattil avale kandethaan kazhinjilla, november 22 nuu indhanam kuranjathinaal attakuttappanikalkkayi bays thirichetthi; iva 1943 januvari 15 vare neenduninnu.
oru distroyer rund cheria escortukalum tromsoyil ninnu kizhakode aaviyayi sanjarikkunna rund jarmman gathagatha vaahanangalude oru radio intelligence reportinode prathikarichukondu, "bakku", "rasumni" enniva januvari 20 nuu oru ratri parakkal nadatthi. avar jarmman mainleyarine mainsweepparmaaraaya "m303", "m322", keppu makkouril ninnu "uj1104", "uj1105" ennivayumaayi bandhippichu. rench adachathinushesham, soviyatt union leed transport aanennu vishwasichathinu nere "bakku" naalu torpidokal prayogichu, avayellaam nashtamaayi. avarude thirachil report cheytha spodanangal, randaamathethu mungiyathayi vishwasikkappettu, rund soviyatt yudhakkappalukalum randaamathe gathaagathamaanennu vishwasikkappedunnathin nere thokkukal thirikkukayum falamillaathe maarukayum cheythu. jarmman kappalukal "bakku" kku kedupaadukal varuthaathe thirichadichu, drishyaparatha vashalaayathode ezhu minittinusesham edapazhakal avasaanichu, ithu soviyatt kappalukale "rasumni" sthaapicha pukamanjinu pinnil pinwangan anuvadichu. soviyatt prachaaranatthile vijayamayi eee ettumuttal avakaashappettuvenkilum vadakkan fleet commander-inn-cheef vitts-admiral (vais admiral) arseni golovko "distroyarukal kooduthal aakramanaathmakamaayirikkanam" ennu nigamanam cheythu."
vivaahanishchayathin sesham, rund kappalukalum februvari 2-3 theeyathikalil naalu gathaagathangale koola ulkkadalilekku kondupoyi. 27-28 maarchil, "baakkuvum" distroyarukalum norwayude artic theerathu ninnu golovkoyude neethrthwathil jarmman shippinginaayi nadatthiya thirachilukalil parajayappettu. grosney" yumayum anchu cheria kappalukalumaayum avar meyy 15 nuu koola ulkkadalil ninnu arkhaangelskilekku moonnu sakhya vyaapaarikale kondupoyi. "bakku," "grosney", "" "gromkey" ", distroyer ennivar juun 8 num 20 num idayil velutha kadaliloode baarants kadalilekku aise breakerukale akambadiyode kondupoyi; aval veigayilekku madangukayum juun 22 nuu arkhaangelskilekku ayaykkappedukayum cheythu". juulai muthal november pakuthi vare, arkhaangelskinum koola upadveepinum idayil praadeshika kappalukale akambadikkaan "bakku" sahayichu. thante thaadiye shakthippeduthunnathinaayi aval shaithyakaalathinte oru bhaagamenkilum attakuttappanikalkkayi chelavazhichu. 
1944 juun-november maasangalil kappal praadeshika vaahanavyooha dutyil thudarnnu, august 1 nuu marmaanskil athunnathinu thottumunbu 59-aamm nambar vaahanavyoohathe akambadi nirthukayum october 26 nuu norwegian pattanangalaya wardo, vado ennividangalil bombakramanam nadathukayum cheythu. desember 6 muthal 8 vare schwadron commander "conder-admiral" (rear admiral) vaitti fokkinte pathaakaykk keezhil oru antarvaahini virudha ooppareshanil avar pankedutthu, koodaathe distroyarukalaaya "gremyashi", "rasumni", "dersky", "sivuchni", "doblesti" enniva jarmman antharvaahinikal mattu sakhya escorttukalkkoppam padinjaaran bhaagathulla raay 62 enna kappalpadaye aakramikkunnath thadayunnathinaayi. "1945 januvariyil bakku praadeshika kappalukale akambadi vaykkaan thudangi. march 6 nuu avarkkum avarude crewin avarude "yuddha douthyangalude maathrukaaparamaaya prakadanatthinum" kroovinte "dhairyathinum dheerathaykkum" oordar oof redu banner labhichu. yuddham avasaanichathode, avalkk escort dutic aavashyamillaayirunnu, epril 29 nuu oru refittinaayi rosttayil nirthappettu; avideyulla soukaryangalude abhavam kaaranam kappalsaalakk oru idatharam thalatthilulla reefit maathrame nadatthaan kazhiyoo.
yudhaanantharakaalam.
avarude reefit poortthiyaaya sesham, "bakku" 1946 epril 17 nuu sevanathil veendum praveshichu. adutha niravadhi varshangalil, rund venalkkaala maasangalil avar bakkiyulla kappalppadayodoppam parisheelanatthil pankedutthu, athil aazhamillaatha-vaattar torpido firing ulppedunnu. shaithyakaalath nirmmicha kappal 1947 leeii yudhachithramaaya 'stori oof dhaa furious' ('povest ooo' neestovam ') ll northen fleet distroyer enna thalakkett avatharippichu. aaa varsham augustil avar vyaayamangalil pankedutthu. 1948 october 29nuu kappal kappalsala nambar. 402 molotovskil, annathe parichayamillaattha kappalsala thozhilaallikal nadatthiya saankethika naveekaranathaal ithu neendu. punarnirmmikkumbol, 1949 januvari 12 nuu baakkuvine oru distroyaraayi punarvargeekarikkukayum 178-aamath distroyer brigadine niyogikkukayum cheythu.anjuvarshathiladhikam neenda punarnirmmanavum parisodhanayum poortthiyaakkiya sesham, 1954 joolaiyil baltic kappalppadayilekku kaimaran "bakku" sweekarichu, pakaram vella, baarants kadalukalil puthiya kappalukal pareekshikkunnathinayi velutha kadal kappalilekku maatti. 1956 februvari 17 nuu avaye oru pareekshana kappalayi punarvargeekarikkukayum pinneedu niraayudheekarikkukayum 1958 epril 18 nuu taargett kappalaya "tii. ezz. ell-31" aayi parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, meyy 31 nuu avaa veendum power illaatha dippo kappalaya "pibi-32" aayi parivartthanam cheyyappettathinaal pinneedulla kaalayalav hraswamaayirunnu. 1959 juun 2 nuu "pii. keey. ezz-171" enna oru barrack kappalakki maattiya sesham 1963 juulai 30 nuu "bakku" akramikkukayum pinneedu 1964 madhyathil athu thakarkkappedukayum cheythu.

