grub street ooppara

henry feeldinginte "velsh ooppara" enna naadakatthinte vipuleekritha pathippayi uthbhavicha oru naadakamaanu grub street ooppara. ithu orikkalum prekshakarkkaayi dharichitilla, mathramalla ithu oru print mathramulla kaliyaanu. velsh ooppara" yilennapole, naadakatthinte rachayithaavine scribblerus secondus ennaanu thirichariyunnathu. secondes naadakatthil prathyakshappedukayum naadakangal rachikkunnathil thante pankinekkurichu samsaarikkukayum cheiyunnu. dhaa grub street ooppara" yill rund purushanmaarum avarude athiraalikalaaya sthreekaleyum ulkkollunnathaan pradhana katha.
feeldinginte aadyathe yadhaartha rashtreeya naadakavum aadyathe balled oopparayumaanu eee naadakam. velsh ooppara" yill ninnu vyathyasthamayi, naadakam thudakkam muthal daarmmikathaye kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. koodaathe, lunden thiyettarinum kazhivillaatha ezhuthukaarkkumethiraaya feeldinginte muun aakramanangalumaayi ithu bandhappettirikkunnu. feelding vanita sevakarude gunathe narmmathinteyum dhaarmmikathayude charchayudeyum oru pooyintaayi upayogichu, athesamayam sthreekalude prakadanavum aadhipathyavum upayogichu vividha kathaapaathrangale parihasikkukayum lingaparamaaya rolukal charcha cheyyukayum cheythu. vimarshakar "grub street ooppara" yeei kriyaathmakamaayi veekshikkukayum ithu "velsh ooppara" yude krithyamaaya mechappeduthalaanennu abhipraayappedukayum cheythu.
pashchaathalam.
feelding "grub street ooppara" yude moonnu naadaka pathippukal srishtichu. ivayil onnu oru heymarket thiyettaril avatharippikkappettu, pakshe reheazhsalukalil maathram. velsh ooppara" yude vipuleekritha pathippaanu eee naadakam uthbhavikkunnath. 1731 meyy 21-leeii "dainamdina poost"-ll punaravalokanatthil oru puff pease undaayirunnu, "adutha seasonilekku maattivaykkappedindiyu scribblerus secondus ezhuthiya grubstreet ooppara, gunanilavaaramulla niravadhi vyakthikalude prathyeka abhyarthana maanich, randaazhchaykkullil avatharippikkumenn njangal kelkkunnu, ippol pullu vipaniyile puthiya thiyettaril rihezhsalil aanu."
pinneedu, 1731 juun 5-leeii "dainamdina poost" rihezhsal cheiyunnathaayi veendum parasyam cheyyappettu, ennaal juun 11-leeii pathippil kalakaaranmaaril oraal rogabaadhithanaanennum juun 14-leeii pathipp naadakam anischithamaayi maattivaykkumennum paranju. ithu orikkalum nirmikkappettilla, koodaathe oru achadicha naadakamaayi maathram nilaninnirunna feeldingiloode "grub-street ooppara" maathramaan eaka naadakam. enthukondaanu naadakam orikkalum prekshakarkkaayi avatharippikkaathathenn ariyilla, pakshe feelding britiish sarkkar niyamaparamaayi thadanjathukondo allengil athu avatharippikkathirikkaan kaikkooli nalkunnathukondo ithu avatharippikkappedaathirum. roobert vaalpolinteyum vaalpolinteyum sarkkaarinteyum prathirodhakkaranaaya joonn henley, "grub-street" oopparayude (1731 juun pathippaya "hip-doctor" enna thante pathratthil prasidheekaricha) "hayy-maarkkat" abhinethaakkal enna thante kavithayil eee sambhavam charcha cheythu. athil, naadakatthe prakadanatthil ninnu ozhivaakkiyathil addeham santhoshikkukayum sarkkar naadakam amgeekarichillennu prasthavikkukayum cheythu. juun pathippil feeldinginethiraaya aakramanathode addeham ithu pinthudarnnu.
iii. pole. 1731 augustil rainer "velsh ooppara" print cheythappol feeldinginte arivillaathe "yadhaartha grub-street ooppara" print cheythu. print pathipp randaamathe thirakkadhaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu. feelding kadalkollayude avakaashavaadangalumaayi prathikarikkukayum praadhamikamaayi vaalpolinte bharanathinu nereyulla addehathinte aakshepahasya akramanam pothujana arivaayi maariyathil aswasthanaakukayum cheythu. feelding oduvil 1731-leeii thante swantham pathipp achadichu. ennirunnaalum, feeldinginte maranashesham taamasiyaathe 1755 juun vare addehathinte suhruthu andrew miller athu yadhaarthathil achadichirunnilla. theeyathi pariganikkathe, feeldinginte pathippumayulla bandham eee pilkkala pathippine eaka aadhikaarika pathippayi sthaapikkunnu.
kaast.
achadicha pathipp anusarichu abhinethaakkal thaazhepparayunnavayaanu
plott.
velsh ooppara" yill, feelding thante edittoriyal vyakthithvamaaya scribblerus sekkandasine naadakatthe athinte koottaali kruthiyaaya "duranthangalude durantham" enna kruthiyumaayi bandhippikkunnathinulla oru vyakthiyayi ulppeduthi. ennirunnaalum, "dhaa grub street ooppara" feeldingil "duranthangalude durantham" ennathumaayi ellah bandhangalum illaathaakunnu. orijinalilennapole scribblerus eee naadakam avatharippikkunnunde mattoru kruthiyumaayi hasyaparamaaya bandhathinupakaram naadakatthe prachodippikkunna dhaarmika uddeshyathe addeham vivarikkunnu. naadakatthile feeldinginte roopakalppana velippeduthiya sesham scribblerus vedhi vidunnu.
oovineyum addehathinte buttler robineyum snehikkunna upshinken kudumbatheyum pinthudarunnathineyum eee naadakam vivarikkunnu. ooven naalu sthreekale pinthudarunnu, robin oraale maathram pinthudarunnu. ennirunnaalum, robin thanikkuvendi undaayirikkaan aagrahikkunna sweetissaye pinthudarunnu. iva randum verthirikkaan, ooven oru kathu kettichamaykkunnu, athu robinte sadgunangal sweettissayodulla swantham bhakti theliyikkunnathuvare pravartthikkunnu. thante yajamaananilninn moshtikkunnathu polulla mikka kaaryangalilum robinu sadgunamillengilum, sweettisaye vivaham kazhikkaanum naadakatthinte avasaanathil, ovanum moliyum vivaham kazhichukondu thante swantham haasya vivaha paarambaryatthil ninnu edavela edukkaanum addehathinu kazhiyum.
vishayangal.
"dhaa grub street ooppara" aadyathe yadhaartha rashtreeya naadakavum feeldinginte aadya balled oopparayumaanu. feeldinginte modalaaya joonn geyude "bhikshakkaarante ooppara" ykku ithu valareyadhikam kadappettirikkunnu. addehathinte mattu scribblerus naadakangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, "grub-street ooppara" yile feeldinginte scribblerus vyakthithvam swavarggaanuraagikalude scribblerus klabbile saha amgangal, alexander poppu allengil jonathan swift ennivarkku pakaram swavarggaanuraagikalumaayi aazhathil bandhappettirikkunnu. velsh ooppara" yilennapole, eee bandham feeldinginte muun naadakangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi oru pothu rashtreeya veekshanam munnottuvaykkaanum raashtreeyathe kooduthal vimarsanaathmakamaayi kaikaaryam cheyyaanumulla oru maargamaayi pravarthichu. vaalpolinte sarkkarineyum britiish rajavaazhchayeyum aakshepahaasyamaakkunna oru rashtreeya upamayaan eee naadakam. ennirunnaalum, naadakam oru vasham thiranjedukkunnilla, marichu ellaavareyum rasippikkunnu. thante vyakthiparamaaya rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukalum addeham naadakatthilninnu ozhivaakkiyirunnu.
yaachakante ooppara" yill kaanapedunna dhaarmika avyakthatha illaathaakkumennu feelding pratheekshichu. velsh ooppara" yill ninnu vyathyasthamayi, punarlekhanam thudakkathil thanne daarmmikathaye kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. athupole, saahitya samoohathinullile prasnangalil eee naadakam shradha kendreekarikkunnu; palappozhum theruviloode moshamaayi perumaarunna kazhivillaatha ezhuthukaare aakshepahaasyamaakkunna oru aanukaalikamaaya "grub street jenalumaayi" eee peru naadakatthe bandhippikkunnu. lunden thiyettarinum kazhivillaatha ezhuthukaarkkumethiraaya feeldinginte muun aakramanangalumaayi ithu naadakatthe bandhippikkunnu. prathyekichum, feelding swavarggaanuraagikalude "bhikshakkaarude ooppara" yude mosham anukaranangalum swavarggaanuraagikalude naadakam yadhaarthathil enthaanennu manasilaakkaathavarum prathyekichu itaaliyan ooppara paarambaryatthe parihasikkunnathinekkur aakshepahasyangal nadathunnu.
sthree sevakarude gunamaanu naadakatthile narmmatthinte oru pooyint. parambaraagathamaayi, sthreebhrithyanmaare haasya kruthikalil sadgunamillaathavarum yajamaananmarodu laingikamaayi sannadharumaayavaraayi chithreekarichirunnu. sadassinekkurichulla nirantharamaaya charchayum daasanmaarude bhaagathuninnulla sadgunathe uyarthippidikkalum aaa paarambaryatthinte samyojanathil prekshakare rasippikkaan upayogikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, danielle defoyude "moll flandezhs" allengil saamuval richaardson "pamela" upayogichathinu samanamaaya reethiyil dhaarmikatha charcha cheiyunnathinulla feeldinginulla oru margamaayum avarude charcha pravartthikkunnu. pilkkala novalistukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, feelding narmmathinteyum sathyathinteyum mishrithathinu anuvadikkunnathinu hasyaparamaaya samyojanam ulkkollunnu. vividha kathaapaathrangale parihasikkaan sthreekalude prakadanasheshiyum aadhipathyavum ulppeduthunnathinaayi "grub street ooppara" yill lingaparamaaya veshangalum vividha kathaapaathrangalude gunavum kooduthal vipuleekarikkunnu. prathyekichu, purushanmaaril avarude bhaaryamaarude aadhipathyam kaliyaakkukayum prashnamundaakkukayum cheiyunna reethi.
srothassukal.
naadakatthil, "feelding raashtreeyakkaareyum kodathi udyogasthareyum nissamshayamaayi parihasikkukayum avare aabhyanthara kalahangal kondu oru velsh kudumbatthinte thalatthilekku thaazhthukayum cheythuvennu betrand godger vishwasichu."addeham" "velsh ooppara" "grub-street oopparayaayi vikasippichappol raajakudumbathe parihasikkunnathilekku (" "velsh ooppara" "-uravidangalile charcha kaanuka) poolttani, walpaul kalahathil ninnu feelding maari". kalahathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, raajakudumbathinte chithreekaranam apakadakaramaayirunnu, prathyekichum raajakudumbavumaayi nadakkunna yadhaartha nadapadikalekkurichu feeldinginu nerittu ariyilla ennathinaal. pakaram, addeham thante arivu kimvadanthikale adisthaanamaakki.
nirddishta kathaapaathrangale sambandhichidatholam, sarr ooven upshinken grettu brittanile jorjju randaamane prathinidheekarikkunnu, lady upshinken aansbaakkinte raajnji karoline prathinidheekarikkunnu, upshinken makan weils rajakumaaranaaya fredericine prathinidheekarikkunnu. eee sahayam raashtreeyathil earppettirikkunna vyakthikaleyum prathinidheekarikkunnu, udaaharanathinu, thottakkaranaaya thomas, thomas pelham-holsine prathinidheekarikkunnu, nyookaasttilinte 1st duke, avarude varan, joonn, joonn hervy prathinidheekarikkunnu, 2nd baaran hervy, buttler, robin, sarr roobert vaalpoline prathinidheekarikkunnu, coachman vilyam, baath cheiyunna aadya earl vilyam pultony prathinidheekarikkunnu. eee chithreekaranangal feeldinginu prasnangal srishtichittundenkilum, "akkaalathe apavaadaprachaaranathinteyum vimarshanathinteyum theevramaaya nilavaravumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol feeldinginte aakshepahasyam valare nirupadravakaramaanennu baattstinukal vishwasikkunnu. koodaathe-palappozhum avaganikkappedunna oru pradhana sahacharyam-rund kakshikaleyum orupole varuthedukkunnathil addehathinte aakshepahasyam thulyamaanu."
marupadi.
naadakam orikkalum avatharippichittillengile, kooduthal ganangal cherkkunnath ulppedunna "velsh ooppara" enna muun pathippil prekshakar kanda karyangal niravettaan feelding engane shramichuvennu athinte punaravalokanangal prathifalippikkunnu. vediyil avatharippikkappettille pattukal svanthamaayi janapriyamaayi. pazhaya englandile varutha beef" enna kaaryatthil ithu prathyekichum sathyamaayirunnu. edger roberts, naadakatthile gaanangalude gunanilavaaram parishodhikkumbol, "" bhikshakkaarante ooppara "ykku sheshamulla dashakathil ezhuthiya ellah ballad oopparakalilum ettavum thripthikaramaanu" "grub-street ooppara" ennu parayunnath nyaayamaanennu prakhyaapichu."athupole," "grub-street ooppara" "akkaalathe ettavum mikacha balled oopparakalilonnaanennu roobert hyoom nirnnayichu".
saadhyamaaya samakaalika prasthavanakal ulppede mattu vashangalil shradha kendreekaricha mattu kaazhchappaadukal; "balled oopparayude roopathilulla eee pinbhagam, kodathi gosippinte avatharanathil, loard herviyude" oormmakkurippukalude "naadakeeyavalkkaranamaanennu joonn loophttis vaadikkunnu. rund aakt "velsh ooppara" yekkaal valare mikacha naadakamaanu "grub-street ooppara" ennu thomas cleary ezhuthi. ithu valare mechappettathinaal ithu steju cheyyaanulla asadhyatha [...] feeldingil deshyamundaayirikkanam. velsh ooppara", "grub-street ooppara" enniva "vinodathinte manobhaavam" ullavayaanengilum avaykku janmam nalkia pathinettaam noottaandile raashtreeyathaal sankeernamaanennu thomas lockwood vishwasikkunnu.

