
aasaa vitni

valare vijayakaramaya dry-goods vyapariyum bhookhandaanthara railway promoterumaayirunnu aasaa vitni (1797-1872).
american trans kondinental reyilveyude aadya pinthunakkaaril oraalaayirunnu addeham. atlaantik muthal pasaphik vare bhookhandaanthara reyilveyude aavasyakathayekkurichu aii. dii. 1-leeii chainayilekkulla oru yaatra vitniye aakarshichu.
1844ll vitni amerikkayilekku madangiyethiyappol, atharamoru samrambhathil ninnulla nettangal addeham manassilakkukayum kongrasine padhathi ettedukkaan prerippikkaan dhaaraalam panam chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. 1849ll addeham pasafikkilekkulla oru railway padhathi prasidheekarichu. varshangalolam addeham thante lakshyathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi parishkaricha smarakangal ezhuthunnathum annathe indian pradesham ennariyappettirunna sthalangaliloode paryaveshanangal nadathunnathum thudarnnu.
pinneedu theodor yoodayude shramangaliloode vitniyude swapnam saakshaathkarikkappettu. oduvil, 1869ll union pasaphik udghaadanam cheythathode thante swapnam saakshaathkarikkaanaayi vitni jeevichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1797 march 14nuu connectikkattile north grotenilaanu aasaa vitni janichathu. saaraa michel, shubel vitni ennivaraayirunnu addehathinte maathaapithaakkal. kottan jiinn kandupidicha elii vitniyumaayi addehathinu vidoora bandhamund. avar anchaamathe cussins aayirunnu. anchu thalamurakalayi vitni kudumbam karshakaraayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, cheruppam muthal thanne aasaa vitni krishiyil thaalparyam kaanikkukayum oru vyaapaariyaakaan aagrahikkukayum cheythu.
currier.
oru vyaapaariyaakaanulla thante swapnam pinthudaraan kaumaarapraayatthinte avasaanathil addeham newyorkkilekku pooyi. oru valia franch charakk irakkumathikkaaranaayi jolie cheythukondu addeham oru clarkayi aarambhichu. 1832 aayappozhekkum addeham oru vijayakaramaya dry goods vyaapaariyaayirunnu.
vivaham.
1832ll fraansil videshathaayirunnappol addeham hermini aantoynett pilettu enna franch penkuttiye vivaham kazhichu. ennirunnaalum, avar kandumutty oru varshathinu sesham, 1833 march 31 nuu avar marichu. aasa avarodoppam oru kudumbam aarambikkaan padhathiyitta sthalathinu valare aduthulla puthiya roshellil avale samskarichu. peettar jayy munroyude makalaaya saaraa jayy munro addeham veendum vivaham kazhichu. 1840 november 12nuu avar marichu. ithu garbhachhidramo parajayappetta prasavamo aayirikkam. aasayude aadya bhaaryayude arikil avale samskarichu. 1852-ll vitni srimati vitniye vivaham kazhichu. catherine (muur) campbel oof wilmington, enn.sii. avar bharthaavinekkaal aarr varsham kooduthal jeevichu, washingtonile roock creak semitheriyil addehathinte arikil samskarikkapettu.sii.
chainayilekkulla yaatra.
addehathinte randaamathe bhaarya marichathinushesham, newyorkkile addehathinte swath munkootty adaykkukayum lelathinu vaykkukayum cheythu. vitnikku addehathinte swathinu 10,000 dollar maathramaan nalkiyathu. addeham thante backie bhoomi vitt chainayilekku thaalparyangal aakarshichu. 1842 juun 18nuu addeham thante ooskaar kappalil chainayilekku yaathrathirichu. ooskaaril dhaaraalam saadhanangal nirachathinaal kappal valare pathukke neengaan kaaranamaayi. chainayilekkulla yaatra saadhaaranayaayi 100 divasamedutthirunnuvennu mathramalla puthiya kappalukalkk 79 divasathinullil yaatra cheyyaan kazhiyumaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, vitniyude yaatra 153 divasamedutthu, ithu aaa varshathe record mandagathiyaayirunnu. eee yaathrayil vitni valare deshyappedukayum deshyavum kopavum prakadippikkaan addeham thayyaravukayum cheythu. briteeshukaarum chainakkaarum thammilulla tharkkamaaya karupp yudhangalil addeham chainayiletthi. tharkkam avasaanichathinusesham, mattu pala raajyangalum chainayumaayi vyapaaram aarambikkukayum chaaya, sugandhavyanjanagal, mattu charakkukal ennivayude kayattumathiyil sahaayicha churukkam chila amerikkakkaaril oralaayi vitni maarukayum cheythu. addehathinte labham koodaan thudangi. chaina vittappozhekkum viramikkaan mathiyaya panam addehathinte pakkalundaayirunnu. chainayile addehathinte kaalam oru varshavum naalu maasavum neenduninnu, 1844 epril 2 nuu addeham veettilekku madangi. addehathinte madakkayaathrayum valare dairkhyameriyathum maduppikkunnathumaanu.
bhookhandaanthara reyilveyude sramangal.
chainayil ninnu madangumbol, aasaa vitni chainayilekkulla yaatra valare eluppamaakkunna oru padhathi aavishkarikkaan thudangi. amerikkayiludaneelam oru railway nirmmikkaan addeham aagrahichu. kizhakkan theerathulla aalukalkk padinjaaran theerathekku train edukkaam, thudarnnu avide ninnu chainayilekku oru kappal edukkaam. ithu deerghadoora yathraye valare kuraykkum. amerikkayil thirichethiyappol, addeham prachodanavum vaahanamoshanavum niranjavaraayirunnu, addeham nere joliyilekku pooyi. addeham upstate newyorkkil vasthu vaangukayum oru reyilveykkulla thante padhathiyekkurichu kongrassinte smaarakathil pravartthikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. chainayumaayulla vyaapaarathilum samskaaram, kudiyettam, vaanijyam enniva vardhippikkunnathinaayi iru rajyangaleyum bandhippikkunnathilum shradha kendreekarichaayirunnu addehathinte padhathi. railway ellah eshyakkaarkkum vyapaaram thurakkumennum bhookhandangale onnippikkumennum addeham vishwasichu. thante padhathi pracharippikkan addeham dhaaraalam samayavum panavum chelavazhikkukayum thaan pariganicha niravadhi vazhikal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheythu. 1849ll yunaittad stetts kongrasinte smarakamaaya pasafikkilekkulla oru railwaykaayi addeham oru padhathi ezhuthi. addehathinte padhathi vishadavum akarshakavumaayirunnu, pakshe addeham nirasikkapettu. railway srishtikkunnathinulla sramangal addeham thudarnnu, sarvekal nadathukayum saadhyathayulla roottukal parisodhikkukayum cheythu. pugettu shabdathilekku vadakkott pookunna oru paatha srishtikkaan addeham aagrahichu. ennirunnaalum, addeham ethra sramichaalum, addehathinte padhathi orikkalum amgeekarikkappettilla, 1851-ll addeham pracharanam nirtthi.
maranam.
thante swapnam yaadhaarthyamaakunnathu kaanaan aasaa vitni deerghakaalam jeevichu; aadyathe bhookhandaanthara railway poortthiyaakumbol addeham jeevichirunnu. typhoid panii moolam swarnna spike ittathinu moonnu varshathinu sesham 1872-ll addeham marichu.
paarambaryamaayi.
vitniyude padhathi paraajayappettenkilum bhookhandaanthara railway enna ashayam pracharippikkan thudangi. addehathinte padhathi niravadhi yuva, abhilasha enchineeyarmaarkku prachodanamaayi, avaril oraal bhookhandaanthara reyilveyude swapnam yaadhaarthyamaakkaan sahaayicha theodor yoodaa aayirunnu.
washingtonile vitni avanyoo (pinneedu paarkk rooad ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu), dii.sii., vitniyude perilaanu ariyappedunnathu.