
1959 aikya khanithozhilaalikal panimudakkil

1959leeii yunaittad mine varkkezhs panimudakku kizhakkan kentakkiyile union khanithozhilaalikalude oru thozhil nadapadiyaayirunnu. yadhaarthathil shambala vardhanavinethudarnnu, ithu union khanikal thammilulla samgharshamaayi valarnnu, ithu moonnu maranangalkk kaaranamaayi. harlan kaundi yudhathinu sesham eee pradeshathu nadakkunna aadyathe thozhil akrama sambhavamaayirunnu ithu, koodaathe roving picket prasthaanatthinte aamukhavumaayirunnu ithu.
pashchaathalam.
1950kalil kizhakkan kentakkiyude sambadvyavastha eathaandu kalkary maathram adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, locomotteevukal, hoome heating thudangiya vyavasaayangal kalkariyude enna, deesal indhanangalilekku maari. valia kalkari kambanikalkku avarude thalpparyangal samrakshikkendivannathinal amerikkayile aikya khanithozhilaalikalumaayi vilapeshunnathinaayi 1950-ll bituminus kalkari oopparettarmaarude association sthaapithamaayi. 1952ll rund samghadanakalum thammil thozhilaallikalude vethanam 1.90 dollar vardhippikkunnathinulla karar charcha cheyyappettu. 1955ll mattoru karar vethanam oro shifttinum 2 dollar koodi vardhippichu. cheria khanikalkk unionumaayi sahakarikkunna valia khanikalodu malsarikkaan budhimuttaayirunnu.
126 valia reyil khanikal avarude kalkari train vazhi kayattumathi cheyyukayum 12,000 thiladhikam thozhilaallikale koottaayi niyamikkukayum cheythu. cheria khanikal avarude kalkari rooad maargam kondupokaan swatantra trekkermaare niyamichu. avar oororutharum aii. dii. 2 khanithozhilaalikale maathram niyamikkumbol, avar reyil khanikalekkaal 2,500 ennam kooduthalaayirunnu. eee khanikalkk avarude thozhilaallikalkk prathidina union vethanamaaya aii. dii. 1 ennathinekkaal valare thazheyaayi, chilappol 4 dollar vare kuranja vethanathil maathrame laabhathil pravartthikkaan kazhiyoo.
1958ll, divasavethanathe $24.25 aayi uyarthunnathinaayi adhikamaayi $2 shambala vardhana nadappaakkunna oru puthiya karar ezhuthappettu. eee karaaril eee union vethanam nalkunna khanikalil ninnu maathrame kalkari vaangunnulloo ennu saakshyappeduthaan raambukal aavashyappedunna samrakshana vethana vyavasthayum ulppedunnu. kuranja thozhilchelavil ninnu maathram labham nedaan kazhiyunna truck khanikalkk ithu prashnamaayirunnu. avar union cheyyukayum muzhuvan vethanavum nalkukayum cheythaal, avarkk panam nashtappedukayum bisinessil ninnu purathupokukayum cheyyum. avar thangalude khanithozhilaalikalkku kuranja shambalam nalkunnathu thudarukayaanenkil, avare vipaniyil ninnu poottukayum bisinessil ninnu purathupokukayum cheyyum. eee mekhalayil ithinakam nilanilkkunna thozhilillaayma prashnatthinte bhagamaakaan aagrahikkaatha truck khanikalil jolie cheiyunna thozhilaalikalilekkum eee prashnam vyaapichu. harlanil panimudakku aarambhikkunnathin munbu 4,000 khanithozhilaalikalkku joliyillaayirunnu. yuu. yude udamasthathayilulla valia reyil khanikal.ezz. steel, bethlahem steel, ekeekarana kalkari, hannah kalkari, thekkukizhakkan kalkari kambani. prashnangalonnumillathe puthiya karaaril oppuvachu. mikka truck khanikalum cheythilla.
panimudakku.
1959 march 9 nuu harlanil aarambhicha panimudakku adutha aazhcha perry, lechar, paikk, nox, bell, nottu kaundikalilekku vyaapichu. athine "yuu" ennu visheshippichirunnu.emm.dablyu. punarujjeevanam, "harlan kaundi yudhasamayathu eee pradeshathe munkaala union pravartthanangale soochippikkunnu. panimudakku akramasakthamaakumo enna aashankayil 30kalile sambhavangal panimudakkinte thudakkathil thanne valia thothil uyarnnu. pala pikkattukalum 1930 kalile kalkkarippaada yudhangalile mungaamikal polum aayirunnu, athu sakthamaaya oru yuu. emm. dablyu nirmmikkaan sahayichu.panimudakku samaadhaanaparamaayi aarambhichappol, panimudakkaar vardhichathode aashankakal vardhichu. march 16 aayappozhekkum 1,000 khanithozhilaalikal pankedutthu. raavile 5 manikk avar othukoodukayum union ithara khanikalil sanjarikkaan vaahanamodikkunnathinu munbu kurachu manikorukal kalkari raambukalil karangukayum cheythu. karaaril oppidaatha noorukanakkinu cheria truck khanikale avar prathyekamaayi lakshyamitirunnu. ellah khanikalum oppidunnathuvare panimudakku neendunilkkumennu avar urachu nilkkukayum panimudakku mudraavaakyam "karar illa-joliyilla" ennaayi maarukayum cheythu."
oru khanithozhilaali "union ente palacharakk saadhanangal vaangunnathuvare avar purathaayirikkumennu" (raajyam) vaadichu. aikya khanithozhilaalikalumaayi bandhapetta samarakkar palappozhum avarude unioninode kadutha vishwasthatha pulartthiyirunnu. akkaalat, khanithozhilaalikalkku randaazhchathe avadhi, avadhikkala shambalam, thozhilillaayma nashtapariharam, yooniyante aashupathrikalilekkulla praveshanam enniva mattu aanukoolyangalkkoppam nalkiyirunnu. samarathinu, yuu.emm.dablyu. thozhilaallikalkk bhakshya voucharukalum vaathakavum nalki, athinaal avarkk kaar vazhi union ithara khanikal kyanwas cheyyaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, eee pradeshathu noorukanakkinu truck khanikal ullathinaal ithu ippozhum budhimuttaayirikkum. samsthaana khanikal, daathukkal vakupp parayunnathanusarichu, verum 15 reyil khanikal ullathil 724 truck khanikal undaayirunnu.
chila prakadanangal akramaasakthamaakunnathin adhikam naalukalilla. oru ettumuttalil kazhuthu pottukayum mattu niravadhi parikkukal sambhavikkukayum samsthaana poleesinu thakarkkendivarikayum cheythu. truck mine oopparettarmaar ithu thangalude nettatthinaayi upayogikkukayum kramasamadhanam punasthaapikkaan sainyathe vinyasikkanamenn kentakki govarnor albert chandlerinum pinneedu president isenhoverinum apeksha nalkukayum cheythu.avar athu" pouranmaar "ennu karuthi...avarude jeevante maranabhayathilaanu jeevikkunnath.avarude abhyarthanaykku ithuvare utharam labhichittillenkilum karaaril oppidaanulla padhathikalonnum avarkk undaayirunnilla. truck mine oopparettarmaar karar vethanathekkurichalla, marichu "cherukida truck-mine vyavasaayathe thudachuneekkaanulla" sramamaanennu vishwasichu.oru praadeshika union prathinidhi thirichadichu, khanithozhilaalikal" "2 dollar vethanathinalla, marichu avarkk ippol labhikkuna 4 dollaril kooduthal prathidina vethanathinu 20 dollar" "ennu truck khanikal kuranja shambalathe paraamarsikkunnu".
oduvil, kooduthal akramam undaayal allengil oru khaniyil nooriladhikam pikkattukal undengil sainyathe vinyasikkumennu govarnor bheeshanippedutthi. samsthaana police strikermaare thadayunna pradhana senayaayi thudarnnu. samgharshangalkkum vyarthamaaya charchakalkkum idayil truck mine oopparettarmaarum drivermaarum svayam aayudangal dharikkan thudangi. oru union ithara khaniyil bhayappeduthunna reethiyil oru mesheen gann sthaapichu.aadyam vedivaykkumennum thudarnnu chodyangal chodikkumennum" avar bheeshanippedutthi (bisinus aazhcha 4/25). union amgangalkkethiraaya akramanangal vardhichathode, police samrakshichillenkil prathikarikkumennu union khanithozhilaalikal bheeshanippedutthi. epril 11 nuu ratri niravadhi pikkattukalkkum oru praadeshika yuu.emm.dablyu. presidentinte veedinu nere vediyuthirthenkilum arcum parikkettitla. ennirunnaalum, chila cheria ettumuttalukal ozhike mikka pickettingukalum samaadhaanaparamaayi thudarnnu. sambhavathil rund vanita pikkattukal arasttilaayi. ezhu maasam garbhiniyaya mattoru sthreeyaan samgharshathil ulppettathu.
truck mine oopparettarmaarum eprilil samghadippikkaan thudangi. perry kaundiyileyum kizhakkan kentakkiyileyum truck khanana vyavasaayathinte prachaaranatthinum kshemathinumaayi perry kaundi swatantra kalkari oopparettarmaarude association sthaapichu.puthiya karaaril thangalkk abhipraayamillenn paranjukondu aikya khanithozhilaalikalumaayi charcha cheyyaanulla sannadhatha samghadana oonnipparanju. kizhakkan kentakkiyude sambadvyavasthayil truck khanana vyavasaayathinte praadhaanyam avar oonnipparayunnathu thudarnnu, athu truck chakrangalil pravarthikkunnuvennu paranju.pikkattukalude ennathinu oru paridhi nischayikkuka, union motorcadukale niruthsaahappeduthuka, kadannukayattathinethire munnariyipp nalkuka, roadukal thadayuka ennivaykkaayi oru karar undaakki. thokkukal upayogikkunnathinethire karar munnariyipp nalkukayum cheythu. karar lamghikkunnathu deseeya gaardine vinyasikkunnathin kaaranamakum.
sainika vinyaasathinte eee bheeshani undaayirunnittum akramam thudarnnu. vedivayppu saadhaaranamaayirunnu, kalkari kaarukalulla naalu reyil tippel oru spodanathil nashichu. swathukkalkkethiraaya mattu dynamite aakramanangalum saadhaaranamaayi. oru swatantra truck driver vaahanathil ninnu erangiyappol moonnu union udyogasthar addehathe kolappedutthi. adhikam taamasiyaathe, yuu.emm.dablyu. khanithozhilaalikale oopparettarmaar bhayappeduthunnathaayi choondikkaatti samadhana karaaril ninnu pinmari. samgharsham undaayirunnittum union purogathi kaivarichu. avarude abhipraayathil, "johnsonileyum floydileyum ellah truck oopparettarmaarum paikk kaundiyile bhooribhaagavum puthiya karaaril oppuvachu."
frankfortil nadanna oru puthiya yogathil yuu.emm.dablyu. samadhana karaaril pankedukkaan avar visammathichathayi veendum urappikkukayum athinte falamaayi naashanal gaardine vinyasikkukayum cheythu. naalu battaaliyanukal ekadesham 2,000 sainikarumaayi perry, lechar kaundikalilekku neengi. 1930kalile harlan kaundi yudhathil, picket lineukal thakarkkanum panimudakku avasaanippikkaanum naashanal gaardine upayogichu, pakshe maaj. general jeey. jeey. bii. vilyamsinu avarude munkaala edapedalinekkurichu ariyamaayirunnu. addeham paranjathaayi udharikkappedunnu, "kazhinja varshangalil, kaavalkkaarane ente kaavalkkaaranaayi upayogikkukayum orupakshe strike breakermaaraayi eee rolil pravartthikkukayum cheythirikkaam, pakshe enikku athumaayi enthengilum bandhamullidatholam kaalam athu anganeyayirikkilla.sainyathinte saannidhyavum thudarchayaaya akramavum undaayirunnittum, orikkalum sainika niyamam prakhyaapichirunnilla. kalkari tippel theekoluthiyavar kathichappol 200,000 dollarinte naashanashtamundaayi. ore tipple munbu randuthavana dainaamit cheyyappettirunnu, athu sevanathilekku madangukayilla. praadeshika sambadvyavasthayil ninnu oru dasalaksham dollarinte nashtam athinte maanejar kanakkakki.
deseeya thozhil bandha board yuu. esinethire oru niyanthrana utharavu thedi.emm.dablyu. oduvil federal jadji echu. palli foord. meyy aadyathil ithu anischithamaayi thudarnnu, yuu. esinte eathenkilum panimudakku pravartthanam thadanju.emm.dablyu. maasangalolam akramam thudarnnenkilum ithu kootta samarathinteyum mikka panimudakkinteyum avasaanamaayirunnu. utharavu vannayudane naashanal gaard pradesham vittu.
bakkiyullavar otappetta vedivayppum dynamite upayogavum kandekkaam, pakshe gurutharamaaya parikkukalonnumilla. juun 5nuu oru samsthaana sainikan oru union khanithozhilaaliye vedivachu konnu. union ithara trekkerk nere vediyuthirthathinu khanithozhilaaliye arast cheyyaan sramikkukayaayirunnu addeham. ithu tharkkatthinte randaamathe maranavum aadyathethum ekavumaaya union maranavum adayaalappeduthi. mattoru union ithara khanithozhilaaliye snippermaar vedivachenkilum rakshapettu. aakramanathinte eee ghattathil, snipper akramanangal saadhaaranamaayirunnu. palappozhum avar loading sthalangalil trekkukale lakshyamidunnu. railway adisthaana soukaryangale lakshyamit dynamite spodanangalum saadhaaranamaayirunnu. juulai 12nuu, chavis khanana sthaapanathe chalanaathmakamaakkiyathin manikkoorukalolam nadatthiya thirachilinu sesham aarr pere arast cheythu. juulai avasaanathode, 58 truck khanikalum ramp oopparettarmaarum karaaril oppuvachathayi yunaittad mine thozhilaallikal avakashappettu, ithu 1,000 khanithozhilaalikale baadhichu, ennaal oopparettarmaar oppuvechathil vardhanavu nishedhichu. ithuvare moonnu perr vediyettu marikkukayum 700,000 dollariladhikam swath nasippikkukayum cheythu.
bhakshya vauchar tharkkam.
octoberil kalkari uthppaadanam jolic pookaattha khanithozhilaalikalude ennathil ninnu oru varsham kuranjathaayi report cheyyappettu. bhakshanathinaayi khanithozhilaalikal unione aashrayichirunnu. irupathu muthal muppath dollar vare vilamathikkunna bhakshya voucharukal avar aadyam vitharanam cheythu. pinneedu iva 20 dollarayum pinneedu 10 dollarayum kuraykkukayum oduvil thanksgivingin thottumunbu union panimudakkunnavare pinthunaykkunnathinulla panam theernnathinaal poornnamaayum nirthalaakkukayum cheythu. desemberil niravadhi union khanithozhilaalikal voucharukal punasthaapikkunnathinaayi avarude praadeshika union offeesinu purathu picketing aarambhichu. maarchil panimudakku aarambhichappol union kallam paranjuvennu avar aaropichu. oraal paranju, "njangalude voucharukal murichathumuthal njangal unangiya muttakal, podicha paal, kurachu bhakshanam enniva upayogichaanu jeevikkunnath.ennittum, thangal 100 sathamaanam union purushanmaaraanennu avar vaadichu. unionile nethaakkalumaayi njangal annuthurannu perumarunnilla.voucharukalekkurichu union prathikarichittilla. 1959-leeii chrismasode, union avarude ashupatri kaardukalum pinvalikkumennu bheeshanippeduthiyathinnethu strikermar sramam upekshichu.
anantharafalangal.
bhakshya voucharukal nashtappedunnathinappuram, 1960 augustil union oru varshathilereyaayi thozhilillaatha khanithozhilaalikalkulla aashupathrikalilekkulla praveshanam raddaki, allengil avar oru union ithara khaniyil jolie cheiyukayaanenkilum. 1962ll yuu.emm.dablyu. mekhalayile ellah aashupathrikalum adachupootti, khanithozhilaalikalkku vaidyasahaayam illaayirunnu. fundinte abhavam unionile azhimathi moolamaanu undaayath, athinte falamaayundaaya khanithozhilaalikalkidayile prakshobham roving picket prasthaanatthinu kaaranamaayi.
panimudakkinu munbu 7,000-thiladhikam thozhilavasarangal nashtappettathaayum thozhil veendedukkal nadannittillennum 1960 eprilil kentakki saambathika suraksha vakupp report cheythu. 1959 januvariyil kalkari vyavasaayathil 29,300 thozhilaallikalaayirunnu thozhil. maarchil ithu 21,500 aayi kuranju, joolaiyil 19,900 enna thaazhnna nilayiletthi. varshathe sharashari 22,500 thozhilaallikalaayirunnu. vanthothilulla thozhil nashtam chila union khanithozhilaalikal jolie cheiyunna puthiya union ithara truck khanikalkk kaaranamaayi. yuu ennaanu samarathe visheshippichathu.emm.dablyu. president joonn ell. kizhakkan kentakkiye samghadippikkunnathinulla levisinte avasana kuzhal sramam.1959 desemberil addeham president sthaanam raajivachu.