
jappaanile trainukalude pattika

reyil oopparettarmaar thammilulla nerittulla thadassamillaatha kanakshanukalaaya vividha trainukal allengil athiloodeyo jappan pravarthippikkunnu, paattathineduttha trackage avakashangalum jangshanukalum upayogichu, trainukal maattukayo kaathirikkukayo kanakshanukal kandethukayo plaattphomukal/steshanukal cross cheiyukayo cheyyaathe cross metropolittan eriya yathrakal vettikkuraykkunnu. eee jangshanukalil bhooribhaagavum lineukal pravarthichathinu sheshamaan nirmmichathu. chila vidoora spurr lineukal churukki (kuranja rakshaakarthruthvam kaaranam upekshikkappetta steshanukalum track); nilanilkkunna short stub lainukale onniladhikam reyil oopparettarmaarude samvidaanangalumaayi samyojippikkunathinum soukaryavum ridership vardhippikkunnathinum sevanathiloode pathivayi upayogikkunna reethiyaanu. railway shringalakal, nagara saandrata (jappaanile janasamkhyaashaasthram) enniva pakwata praapikkukayum puthiya line nirmmaanam valare kuravaayathinaal sevanathiloode vyaapanam vardhichuvarunna saadhaarana prathibhaasamaan.
jappanil niravadhi dussen advitheeya sevana ranukal undu, yadhaartha track upayoga vishadaamshangal sankeernamaanu (ennaal oru thadassamillaatha sevanam anthima upayokthaavin oru amoortha paali vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinaal), japanese wikipedia pejil oru savisheshathayundu. rolling stokku alavukal, reyil gej, overhead power ennivayude kaaryatthil cross railway sevanagalkk standerdisation aavasyamaanu, prathyeka kambanikalum koodaathe/allengil sarkkar ejansikalum thammilulla ekopitha sheduling paraamarsikkendathilla.
jappaanile sevanangal saadhaaranayaayi rund tharatthilunda ekadishayilullatho allengil dvimukhamaayatho (vrithaakrithiyilullathallaa tracukalil ekadishayilulla trainukal shoonyamaayi madangunnu). 1904ll tobu camedo lainilaayirunnu sevanangalude aadya upayogam, ennaal 1910ll nirtthivachu. 1960ll toyi asakusa line muthal keyse oshiyeju line vare jappaanile aadyathe aadhunika (yudhaananthara) sevanangal aarambhichu.
nirthalaakkiya sevanangaliloodeyum undu (ivide pattikappedutthiyittil).

