
sii. durham

reed conell durham, juuniyar. (jananam 1930) pilkkala vishudha prasthaanatthinte charitrakaaranum salt lake sittiyile instittyoott oof releaseathinte muun directorumaan, yoottaayile charchu oof jeesas kraist oof lettar-day seyints (ell. dii. ezz charchu). 1974ll freemasonary pilkkala vishudha prasthaanatheyum kurichu nadatthiya vivaada prasamgatthinte peril durham oormmikkappedunnu.
jeevacharitram.
kaaliforniyayile long beechilaanu durham janichathu. sii. eee. yude naalu makkalil oraalaayirunnu addeham. durham, ezz. koodaathe violet iii. cottrell. addehathinte pithaav udayile logaanile udah stettu yooniversittiyil professoraayirunnu, moonnu thavana ell. dii. ezz palliyil bishappayi sevanamanushtichu. oru cheruppakkaaran enna nilayil, reed juuniyar. rund varsham ell. dii. ezz missionaryaayi sevanamanushtichu.
durham faye lenor davesine vivaham kazhikkukayum logaanile collegil padikkumbol thanne avarkk kuttikalundakaan thudangukayum cheythu.
vidyaabhyaasam.
neratthe kaaliforniyayile schoolil padicha durhaaminte unnatha vidyaabhyaasam udayilaayirunnu. addehathinu emm labhichu.ezz. 1957ll uttaa stettu agrikalcharal kolejile prabhaashana vibhaagathil ninnu (athu uttaa stettu yooniversittiyaaya varsham) thudarnnu phd nedi.dii. 1965ll brigam yang yooniversittiyil ninnu (baiyu) charithratthil birudam nedi, baibilinte joseph smith vivarthanathekkurichu thante prabandham ezhuthi. charitrakaaranaaya donald kyu. 1960kalil nadanna "mormon charithrapadanatthinulla pradhana pandithochithamaaya sambhaavanakalude" bhaagamaayi durhaaminte prabandhathe peeranki kanakkakki.
palli vidyaabhyaasa sambradaayam.
1955ll logaanil schoolil padikkumbozhaanu durham palli vidyaabhyaasa sanbradaayathinaayi (sii. iii. ezz) padippikkaan thudangiyathu. birudaananthara birudam nediya sesham addeham logaanil thaamasikkukayum 1958ll uttaa stettu yooniversittiyodu chernnulla ell. dii. ezz charchu instittyoott oof releaseathinte associate director maarukayum cheythu. 1959ll ell. dii. ezz saahodaryamaaya lamda deltta sigmayude deseeya vais presidentaayi thiranjedukkappetta addeham 1966 aayappozhekkum salt lake sittiyile utta sarvakalaashaalayumaayi chernnulla instittyoottinte associate directoraayirunnu, avide addeham varshangalolam instittyoott director salt lake thaazhvarayiludaneelamulla seminaarikaludeyum sthaapanangaludeyum kordinettaraayum sevanamanushtichu.
durham baivil matham padippichittundu, 1972 ll thudar vidyaabhyaasathinte baivi division addehathinu division faakkaltti teaching award nalki.
thante sabhaa jolikku purame, durham vividha sabhaa sthaanangalilum sevanamanushtichu. kurachu kaalam addeham thante praadeshika wardle (sabha) njaayarazhcha schoolil padippikkukayum njaayarazhcha school general board amgamaayirunnu, palli muzhuvan njaayarazhcha school paripadi aasoothranam cheyyukayum melnottam vahikkukayum cheythu. vividha sahaaya sthaapanangalilum rund unnatha kaunsilukalilum addeham sevanamanushtichu.
charitraparamaaya samooham.
charitraparamaaya samoohathil durham sajeevamaayirunnu. 1960kalil addeham american charithrakaaranmaarude samghadanayil earppettirunnu. 1970ll ell. dii. ezz. charchu historikkal department roopeekarikkunnathinaayi koodiyaalochichu oru kammitti roopeekaricha niravadhi pramukha ell. dii. ezz charitrakaaranmaaril oraalaayirunnu durham. 1974ll oru muun vidyaarthi sthaapicha "sanstoon" maasikayude aadyakaala pinthunakkaaranaayirunnu durham. 1974ll instittyoott director oru varshathe avadhi edutha durham 1980ll prasidheekarikkaanirikkunnu sabhayude 16 vaalyangalulla 150-aamm vaarshika charithratthile oru pusthakatthil pravarthichu.
mormon histtari associationil (emm. echu. eiii) durham athinte ettaamathe presidentaayum, aii. dii. 2ll ninnu randaamathe executive sekrattariyaayum sevanamanushtichu. addeham prasidantaayirikkumbol emm. echu. eiii "jenal oof mormon histtari" aarambhichu, athinte udghaadana lakkathinu joseph smithinekkurichu jaann ships ezhuthiya oru lekhanathinu chila sess udyogastharil ninnu vimarsanam labhichu. 1974ll addeham emm. echu. eiii. ykku nalkia vivaadamaaya oru presidential prasangam ell. dii. esinte charitra samoohathe njettichu, ithu durham oru vishadeekarana kathu purappeduvikkaanum emm. echu. eiii. yile bhaavi pankaalitthatthil ninnu pinmaranum kaaranamaayi.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
thante gaveshana varsham avasaanichathinusesham, salt lake instittyoottinte director madangaano ell. dii. ezz vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalude eriya director sthaanakkayattam nedaano durhaminu avasaram nalki. varshangalolam nadatthiya gaveshanathilum muzhuvan samaya instittyoott adhyaapanathilum shradha kendreekarikkaan addeham randum nirasichu.
1991 aayappozhekkum durham udaayile logaanilaan thaamasichirunnathu, avide addeham ippozhum sesinaayi padippichirunnu. 1994lum 1995lum illinoyisile nauvuvile baiyude yatra patana paripaadiyil padippicha addeham 1996 muthal 1999 vare brigam yang yooniversitti-havayiyil oru sevana missionaryaayirunnu. 2009ll logaaninaduthulla providencil avivahitharaaya muthirnnavare mormon pusthakathekkurichu oru klaas padippichu.
1974-leeii nauvoo prasangam.
1974 epril 20 nuu illinoyisile nauvoovil nadanna mormon histtari association (emeche) konfaransil, "vidhavayude makanu oru sahayavum ille?" enna thalakkettil mormonisathinteyum freemasonaryudeyum bandhangalekkurichu durham thante presidential prasangam nadatthi.". annu oru idiminnal kodunkaattil, ell. dii. ezz pourohithyavumaayi masonic samaantharangal, masonic enoch ithihaasam, joseph smithinu avakashappetta nigooda jupittar medel, mormon kshetra roopakalppanayileyum chadangileyum masonic gadakangal enniva durham charcha cheythu. kshetra chadanginekkurichu durham prasiddhamaayi prasthaavichu "endovement ennariyappettirunna mormon chadangu, thudakkathil joseph smith morman mesanukalkku parichayappedutthi, oru mesanaayi oru maasathinushesham, kallarayil ninnu udanadi prachodanam ulkkonduvennathil ente manassil oru samshayavumilla. mattoru prachodana srothassukalum ulppettirikkillenn ithu soochippikkunnilla, ennaal rund chadangukalum thammilulla samanathakal valare vyakthavum athishayakaravumaanennathinaal chila ashrita bandhangal nishedhikkaan kazhiyilla.
thaan chodyangal unnayikkaan shramikkukayaanennum parambaraagatha manalil thala kuzhichidunnathinupakaram naadodi maantrikathayumaayum kallukalumaayum joseph smithinte bandham vyakthamaakkanamenn charitra samoohathodu abhyarthikkunnathaayum durham paranju.
prathikaranam.
prasangam oru spodanam kathichathaayi jaann ships paranju, pankedukkunnavare "pirimurukkam niranja bhoochalanathil" vittu. leonard jeey. yeei aval kanda oreyoru samayamaayirunnu athu. palli aarkkaivukal thurakkaan varshangalolam pravarthichathum avaa adachupoottappedumennu bhayappettathumaya aaringtan deshyappettu. pittennu, nauvoo sandarshaka kendram oru nauvoo kshetra kalavastha paaliyude pradarshanam neekkam cheythu, athu durham athinte mesonic chinnangalkkayi slideukalil kaanichirunnu.
mormonisathe apakeerthippeduthaan aagrahikkunna vimarshakare eee prasangam pinthunaykkunnathaayi thonni. durhaaminte nethaakkal aswastharaakukayum addehathe achadakkam cheythathayi abhyoohangal parakkukayum cheythu. thante sabhaa amgathvam eppozhengilum bheeshanippeduthiyittunnedum thanikk sess upayogichu sthaanakkayattam vaagdaanam cheyyappettuvennum durham nishedhichu, avide addeham thante currier thudarnnu. eee vishayathil inii kooduthal cheyyaruthennu", "vivarangal purathuvidaan" sabha addehathodu aavasyappettirunnuvenkum addeham pothu abhiprayam nirasichu. addehathinte prabandham prasidheekarikkappedaathe pookukayum addeham emm. echu. eiii. yill earppedunnathu avasanippikkukayum cheythu.
kathu.
suhruthukkalum sahapravarthakarum addehathinte nigamanangale vimarsikkukayum addehathinte vishwaasathe chodyam cheyyukayum cheytha sesham durham pankeduttha ellaavarkkum oru kathu vitharanam cheythu. prasamgatthil thante vishwaasam ulppeduthaathirunnathu thanne thettidharichathaayi addeham paranju. joseph smithilum kshetra chadangukalilum divya velipaattilum addeham thante vishwaasam aavarthichu.
palarum ithine oru kshamaapanamaayi kandu. ell. dii. ezz ezhuthukaaran maathyoo bii. parimithamaaya gaveshanavum aparyapthamaaya naipunyavum arivum durhaaminte kathil undennu braun vaadichu.
paarambaryamaayi.
durhaaminte prasangam prashasthamaavukayum addehathe "mormon (ell. dii. ezz) sabhayile oru pradhana vyakthiyayi" maattukayum cheythu. addehathinte sahapravarthakanaaya gilbert dablyu aanenkilum mormon kshetra achaarangale vimarsikkunnavar ippozhum ithu udharikkunnu. durhaaminte prasthavanakal athishayokthiparamaanennu sharfs vishwasikkunnu. durham thante prabandham prasidheekarichillenkum, anadhikritha traanscriptukal nirmmikkukayum "bhoogarbha presidential vilaasamaayi" pracharippikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum durhaaminte kurippukalum avalambangalum illaayirunnu.
1980kalil thirinjunokkumbol, jupittar tallismante thelivukal yadhaarthathil valare durbalamaayirunnuvennu soochippichukondu thaan enthengilum metteeriyal vyathyasthamayi avatharippichirunnenkil ennu durham svakaaryamaayi aagrahichu. maathyoo bii. durham thante prasamgatthinte avakaashavaadangal upekshichathayi braun avakashappettu.
1970kalilum 1980kalilum thurannathum parishkaranavaadaparavumaaya charithrathodulla ell. dii. ezz sabhayude sahishnutha kurayunnathinte oru gadakamaayi eee prasangam kaanapedunnu. emm. echu. ayil pankedukkunnathil ninnu sess athinte adhyaapakare niruthsaahappeduthaan thudangiyathinte oru kaaranamaanithenn karuthappedunnu.
dii. polulla chila mormon charitrakaaranmaar. aadyakaala mormonism naadodi maantrikathayaal valareyadhikam swaadheenikkappettirunnu vadikkaan prasamgatthil maikkal kwin nirmmichu. joseph smithinte mathaparamaya anubhavangale "maanthrikathayumaayi" bandhippikkunna kvinninteyum durhaaminteyum pravartthanangale pinthunaykkunna oru vyaja rekhayaaya salamander lettar srishtikkunnathile maarkk hofmante prachodanatthinte bhagamaanu eee prasangam ennu jaann ships vishwasichu.
charitraparamaaya sameepanam.
parambaraagathamallaattha sameepanathinum ell. dii. esinte charithratheyum vivaadangaleyum kurichulla gaveshanathinum durham ariyappettirunnu. pinneedu "sanstoon" maasika kandethiya durhaaminte instittyoott vidyaarthikalil oralaaya scott kenni, daivashaasthram padikkaanum instittyoott padippikkaanum prachodanam ulkkondathu charitraparamaaya pashchaathalatthil vivaadaparamaaya vishayangalekkurichulla durhaaminte klaas room paryaveshanangal kaaranam, ithu sabhayude maanavika gadakangale uyarthikkaattunnu.
thante pradeshathe palliyude praadeshika mathaguruvenna nilayil sthaanam nilanirtthiyenkilum, mormonisathinte ariyappedunna athiraalikalaaya jerald, sandra tanner ennivarumaayi durham nalla bandhathilaayirunnu, avaril ninnu saadhanangal vaangiyirunnathayi ariyappettirunnu. 1972 leeii oru prasamgatthil addeham engane taannarude vimarsanangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkollunnuvennu vishadeekarichu avar eee prasnangal unnayikkumbol athu namukk prathirodhikkenda enthengilum cheiyumennu enikku chinthikkathe vayya... enne padippichathino enikkariyaavunnathino enikku manassilaakunnathino thonnunnathino ethiraaya enthengilum njaan kaanumbol, gaveshanathe prathirodhikkanulla maarggam...ottakappakshiyeppole manalil thala ottichathukondalla, marichu kooduthal gaveshanangaliloodeyaanu enikku asukhakaram. enikku naveekarikkendi vannekkaam, arivu chilappol apakadakaramaaya kaaryamaan. ennaal njaan naveekarikkukayum ente paithrikam nannayi manassilakkukayum cheyyum. ...njaan parayaan sramikkunnathu avaa oru tharatthil nammude swantham charitraparamaaya dhaarana moorcha koottunnathinulla uthejakangalaayi mariyirikkunnu ennathaanu. njangalkk vadikondu kayari kurachu patanam nadathukayum chilappol cheyyaatha chila gruhapaatangal cheyyukayum cheyyendivannu.
1992-ll, 1960-kalil thante vishwaasavumaayi charitraparamaaya vivaadangal engane anurajanam cheythuvennu sandra tannerode vishadeekarichathaayi durham oormmippichu velipaad oru prakriyayayi njaan kaanunnundennum oru sabhaykko pravaachakano allengil aaa vishayathekkurichulla arcum padikkaanum mechappeduthaanum kazhiyumennum njaan sandrayodu vishadeekarichu. naamellaavarum thettukalum thettukalum cheiyunnuvennu njaan avalodu paranju, 'ennaal sandra, ningal athine vyathyasthamayi nokkunnu. oru sabhayilo pravaachakanilo ningal oru cheria thettu kandethukayaanengil avaa daivathil ninnullavayallenn ningal vishwasikkunnu. valarunnathinteyum padanathinteyum oru prakriya njaan kaanunnu. daivathinu chilappol namme sahayikkaan budhimuttu undaakunnath nammude parimithikal kondaanu, thantethalla. ooo, theerchayaayum, avanu namme nirbandhikkaan kazhiyum, pakshe avan angane cheiyunnilla, athinaal nammude parimithikal pole vegathil maathrame namukk purogamikkaan kazhiyoo.'
addehathinte sahapravarthakanaaya gilbert dablyu. sharfs paranju, "yesukristhuvineyum ell. dii. ezz sabhayey kurichu kooduthal dridamaaya bodhyamulla oru manushyane njaan apoorvvamaayi maathrame kandittulloo. ell. dii. ezz sabhayil ell. dii. esinte charithrathekkurichum sidhaanthathekkurichum aazhathilulla arivu ullavar kuravaanu. durham, juu."
jolie cheiyunnu.
1972ll ell. dii. ezz. charchu 1980ll prasidheekarikkaanaayi oru puthiya pathinaar vaalyangalulla seskvisenteniyal charithram aasoothranam cheyyukayum valia samathalangal kadakkunna bhaagathe vaalyam ezhuthaan durhamine niyogikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee karaarukalellaam 1981-ll raddaakkukayum durhaaminte vaalyam orikkalum prasidheekarikkaathirikkum cheythu, ennirunnaalum addeham "encyclopedia oof mormonism" enna vishayathil oru lekhanavum ayovayile mormon pioneer pravaasathekkurichu rund jenal lekhanangalum ezhuthiyittundu.

