
mithya

kizhakkan chakravarthimaaraaya senoyude basiliscasinteyum bharanathil pradhana punk vahicha oru roman janaralaayirunnu flavius ilas (maranam 488). 
seenoykkethiraaya basiliscus kalaapathe ilas pinthunachu, thudarnnu paksham maari, seenoyude (475-476) thirichuvaravine pinthunachu. ilas seeno nannayi sevichu, pidichadakkiya maarshyanasine paraajayappeduthi, pakshe rajakumari verenayumaayi samgharshathilaakukayum leontiasinte kalaapathe pinthunaykkukayum cheythu. eee kalapam paraajayappedukayum ilas kollappedukayum cheythu.
uthbhavam.
illas (allengil) oru isouriyanaayirunnu, pakshe addehathinte jananasamayavum sthalavum anjjaathamaanu; addehathinu trocundus enna oru sahodaran undaayirunnu. lioo onnaaman chakravartthiyude (457-474) keezhil ilas vividha padavikal vahichirunnuvennum seenoyude adutha suhruthaayirunnuvennum parayappedunnu. joonn malalus elasine seenoyude ammaavanaayi kanakkakki. ennirunnaalum, senoyode sathrutha pulartthiyirunna oru kaalaghattatthil senoyude bharanakaalathaanu addehathekkurichu nammal aadyamaayi vaayikkunnath.
basiliscasinu keezhil.
leoyude vidhavayaya rajakumari verenayude sahodaranaaya basiliscus 475-ll seeno konstantinoppilil ninnu puratthaakkukayum elasinteyum sahodaran trokkundasinteyum keezhil oru sainyathe aisouriyayilekku ayakkukayum cheythu. sahodaranmaar olichodiya chakravarty (juulai 476) paraajayappedutthukayum nattukaar virodhaabhaasamaayi "constantinoppil" ennu peritta oru kunnin mukalil addehathe thadayukayum cheythu. seeno niyanthranathilaakkaanulla oru upakaranamaayi seenoyude sahodaran longinasineyum ilas pidikoodi.
uparodha samayat, elasineyum trokkundukaleyum senatt rahasyamaayi prothsaahippichu, basiliskasinethire seno pinthunaykkaan, avarkk oru veezhchayundaayirunnu; seenoyude parakkalin sesham thalasthaanathu thudarnna isoriyakkaare kollan anuvadichathinu adhiniveshakkaaranodu ilas thanne athrupthi prakadippichu. athinaal seenoyude vaagdaanangalum sammaanangalum elasineyum trokkundukaleyum thante paksham pidichedukkaanum aikya senayumaayi thalasthaanathekku munneraanum prerippichu. bithiniyayile nikkayiyil addehathinte anantharavan general armaattasinte keezhilulla basiliscus sainyam avare kandumutty, pakshe adhehavum keezhadangukayum addehathinte anuyaayikal upekshicha basiliscasine sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayum vadikkukayum cheythu (477).
maarshyanasinethire.
478ll eaka koonsal ayirunna ilas, 479ll baisantain chakravartthiyude kochumakanum padinjaaran chakravarthiyaaya aanthamiyasinte makanumaaya maarshyanasinte apakadakaramaaya kalapam thakarkkunnathil addeham pradhana punk vahichu. verena maranashesham antharicha chakravarthiyaaya leoyude makalaaya leontia senoyude bharyayaaya ariyaadnente sahodariye marsianus vivaham kazhichirunnu. addehathinte kalapam konstantinoppilil nadannu, avide addeham janakkoottathinte pinthunayode senoyude sainyathe paraajayappedutthukayum kottaaratthil uparodhikkukayum cheythu. oru nimisham mithya thalarnnuvenkilum addeham samrakshicha oru eejipshyan soothseyarinte urappukaliloode addehathinte parajayappetta dhairyamo vishwasthathayo punasthaapikkappettu. maarshyanasinte sainyathe ilas dushippichu; marsianus sahodaranmaraaya procopius romulus thanne pidichedukkappettu. sahodaranmaar rakshapettu, pakshe maarshyanasine onnukil silikkiyayile tarsasilekku ayaykkukayum avidatthe palliyilo isouriyayile shakthikendramaaya paapuriyasinte thaazhvarayilo purohithanaakkukayum pinneedu oru samsthaana jayilayi upayogikkukayum cheythu.
elasinte sahodaranaaya trocundus 482-leeii koonsal aayirunnu; ilas thanne "patricious", "majisttar oofisiyooram" ennivayude anthass aasvadichirunnu. addeham thante adikaaravum swaadheenavum nannayi upayogichathaayum samaadhaanathilum yudhathilum samsthaanathinu nalla sevanam nalkiyathaayum parayappedunnu. addeham shaasthravum saahityavum dridamaayi valarthi.
paamprepiyasinte rakshaakarthruthvavum verinayumaayulla samgharshavum.
orupakshe addehathinte saahityaparamaaya pravanathakalaayirikkaam addehathe paamprepiyasinte suhruthum rakshadhikaariyum aakkiyath, avarkk addeham pothu varumaanathil ninnu shambalam nedi, koodaathe thante swakaarya vibhavangalil ninnu addehathinu oru alavans nalki. pamprepius eejipthile theebs swadeshiyo allengil mattullavarude abhipraayathil, oru prakhyapitha anyamathakkaarano kaviyenna nilayilum vyaakarananjanenna nilayilum prathyekichu bhaviye vivarikkanulla kazhivinaalum prashasthanaayirunnu. paampreshyasine seenoy rajakumari verena veruthirunnu, isoriyayilekku enthengilum bisinesses nadathiyirunna illasinte abhaavathil, bhaaviyile daivika sambhavangalkk elasinu anukoolamaayum chakravartthikkethire shramichuvennaaropich avar addehathe naadukadatthi. thannumaayulla aduppamaanu naadukadathalinu yadhaartha kaaranamenn arinja ilas, addehathe veettilekku sweekarikkukayum thalasthaanathekku madangiyethiyappol avane koode kondupookukayum cheythu. eee sambhavangalude theeyathi samshayaaspadamaanu avaa maarshyante kalaapathin munbaayirikkaam, ennirunnaalum pinneedulla theeyathi kooduthal saadhyathayullathaanu.
seeno asooyaykk vidheyanaayirunnu, athinaal commanding sthaanavum elasinte janakeeya anugrahavum addehathe samshayathinu vidheyanaakkiyathil athishayikkanilla, koodaathe chakravarty vividha reethikalil avanil ninnu svayam mochippikkaan shramichu. abhilaashamulla verina addehathinte shathruvaayirunnu, addehathinte jeevanu ethire goodaalochana nadatthi. aval jolie cheythirunna kolayaliyaaya oru alaan, illasinu parikkettathaayi parayappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithu samshayaaspadamaanu, kaaranam charitrakaaranmaar avarude goodaalochanaye avarude makal eriyadne pilkkaalatthe goodaalochanayumaayi aashayakkuzhappathilaakkiyudu. enthaayaalum verena sramam parajayappettu. seeno avalodu orupole asooyappedukayum, elasinte nirddeshaprakaaram avale naadukadatthukayum, avale papurius kottayil thadavilaakkukayum cheythu. eee sambhavangalude samayathekkurichu chila samshayangalundu. candidus maarshyan kalaapathin munbu avalude naadukadatthal nadathukayum theodor lector athinte kaaranam basiliscus kalaapathile avalude pankaanennu aaropikkukayum cheiyunnu. maarshyante kalaapathin munbu, basiliskasumaayulla bandhatthinte peril, veendum maarshyante kalaapathin sesham, illasinethiraaya goodaalochanayude peril, avale randuthavana naadukadatthiyathinu saadhyathayilla. jayilil ninnu avalkk aadyam senoyodum pinneedu chakravarty thanne ruffer cheytha elasodum mochanam abhyarthikkaan eriyadine kitti. ilas avalude abhyarthana nirasikkuka mathramalla, bharthaavinte simhaasanathil mattoraale sthaapikkaan aagrahikkunnuvennum avalodu aaropichu. ithu avale prakopippikkukayum aval ammayeppole elasine vadhikkan sramikkukayum cheythu. jordans avalude vidveshathe mattoru kaaranathinu visheshippikkunnu seenoyude manassil asooyayulla samshayangal ulavaakkiya ilas, seeno avalude jeevan rakshikkaan prerippichuvennum eee kaaryangalekkurichulla avalude arivu avale prathikaram cheyyaan prerippichuvennum addeham parayunnu. aval jolie cheythirunna kolayalikku elasine kollan kazhinjillengilum shramathil avante chevi murichu. kolayaliye pidikoodukayum, aaa bandhathekkurichu rahasyamaayi karuthiyirunnathayi thonnunna senoic ayaalude vadhasiksha thadayaan kazhinjilla.
leontiasinte pidichedukkalum elasinte maranavum.
thante suhruthu pamprepiyasinoppam ilyas ippol kodathiyil ninnu viramichu. aadyam addeham nikkeyayilekku pooyi, thudarnnu, thante murivu sukhappeduthunnathinaayi vaayu maarunnuvenn nadichu, kizhakode, avide pravishya udyogasthare niyamikkaan adikaaramulla ellah sainyangaludeyum generalayi addehathe niyamichu. paampreshyasine aadyamaayi illasinu parichayappedutthiya prashasthanaaya isorian offeesaraaya marses syrian vamshajayaaya mattoru prashastha udyogasthanaaya patrician leontius onnukil addehathodoppam pogukayo kizhakk addehathodoppam cherukayo cheythu. illasinte sahodaran trokundus orupakshe avarodoppam chernnu. eshya minor kadannashesham avar 483 allengil 484 ll kalaapathinte nilavaaram uyarthi. ilas leontius chakravarthiyaayi prakhyapikkukayum anthiyokyaykku sameepam senoyude sainyathe paraajayappedutthukayum, isoriyakkaare thante partyilekku aakarshikkukayum, papurius pidichedukkukayum cheytha sesham, verinaye vittayakkukayum, tarsessil leontiusine kireedamaniyikkaan prerippikkukayum, anthiyokya, eejipt, kizhakk ennividangalile saamraajyathva udyogastharkku oru vrithaakrithiyilulla kathu ayaykkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee pradhana sevanam verinaye paappooriyasilekk thirike ayakkunnathil ninnu illasine thadanjilla, avide aval taamasiyaathe thante aswasthamaaya jeevitam avasaanippichu.
485ll seno vimatharkkethire oru puthiya sainyathe ayachu, athil maasidoniyakkaarum skaithiyanukalum (tillemond oohikkunnu, yukthirahithamayi allah, iva austrogothukalaayirunne) joonn dhii hunchbackinte keezhil, allengil, kooduthal saadhyatha, joonn dhii skithiyan, theodoric amal, eee samayat konsul aayirunnu. selesiaykku sameepam (aaa perilulla eathu pattanamaan, orupakshe isouriyan seleusia ennu vyakthamalla) joonn vimathare paraajayappedutthukayum avare papurius kottayilekku nayikkukayum avidevechu avare thadayukayum cheythu. eee budhimuttil ninnu, trokkundukal rakshappedaan sramikkukayum avarude aashwaasathinaayi sainyathe shekharikkukayum cheythuvenkilum uparodhakkar avare kondupoyi vadhichu. elas leontius thante vidhiyekkurich anjaraayirunnu, koodaathe trokkandasinte thirichuvaravineyum aathyanthika vijayath kurichu urappu nalkia pamprepiyasil ninnu prothsaahippikkappedum moonnu varshathilereyaayi valia sthirothsaahathode thudarukayum cheythu. naalam varsham, trokkundukalude maranam kandethukayum pamprepius thanikkethire nadatthiya vanchanayil prakopithanaaya ilas addehathe vadikkukayum cheythu. seeno konstantinoppilil ninnu eee aavashyathinaayi ayacha trokkundasinte bhaaryaasahodarante vanchanaykku sesham kotta udan thanne pidichedukkukayum illasineyum leontiasineyum shirachhedam cheyyukayum (488) avarude thalakal chakravarthikku ayaykkukayum cheythu.
tillemond leeii beauve elasinte kalaapathe purajatheeyatha punasthaapikkaanulla sramamaayi kanakkakkunnu, ennaal eee kaazhchappaadin oru adisthaanavumillennu thonnunnu. pamprepius aayirunnengilum, ilas oru purajaatheeyanaanennu namukkariyilla; ilas oru nischitha matha thathwangalillaatha oru manushyanayirikkaanum, addehathinte kalapam uthbhavichath onnukil abhilaashathilo, allengil shathrukkalude goodaalochanakalil ninnum senoyude samshayangalil ninnum surakshithathvathinulla eaka prateeksha chakravartthiyude mozhiyedukkalaayirunnu enna bodhyathilo aayirikkaanaanu kooduthal saadhyatha. edward gibbon illasinte peru paraamarsikkunnilla ennathu sradheyamaanu, mathramalla addehathinte kalapam valarekkurachu maathrame shradhikkunnulloo.