karamania

18, 19 noottaandukalil, ottomaan saamraajyathinte (nilavile turkey) bhagamaayirunna anattoliyayude thekkan (medittareniyan) theerathinu europianmaar upayogichirunna oru padamaayirunnu karamania (allengil karamania). aadhunika pattanamaya karaamanil prathifalikkunna peru pothuvaaya thekkan madhya anatolian mekhalayeyum ithu soochippikkaam. turkeyile valia karaman pravishya, automan saamraajyathinte charitraparamaaya karaman ailett, madhyakala turkish karaman rajavamshavum eee mekhalayil ninnulla samsthaanavum, yadhaarthathil eee pradeshathu ninnulla turkish samsaarikkunna yaadhaasthithika kristhyan grouppaaya caramanlides ennivayude perum ivideyundu.
francis beaufort karamania enna padavum.
aii. dii. 1ll, britiish naavikasenayude captanaayirunna francis beaufortine medittareniyan theeramaaya anatoliayude bhoopadam nirmmikkaan chumathalappedutthi. 1817-ll addeham thante sevanangalekkurich oru pusthakam prasidheekarichu. 
"eshya-mainarinte thekkan theerathekkurichum purathanakaala avashishtangalekkurichum hrasvamaaya vivaranam. aaa theerathe oru sarveykkide, admiralttiyude loards kammeeshanarmaarude utharavanusarichu, padhathikal, kazhchakal, shekharichava enniva 1811-1812 varshangalil.
pusthakatthinte aamukhathil addeham anatoliayude thekkan theerangale karamania ennu vilichirunnuvenkilum europpukaarkkidayil eee peru oru pothunaamamaayirunnuvenkilum automan saamraajyathile janangalo sarcaro eee peru upayogichillennu addeham koottichertthu.
charithram.
13-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathinum 15-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathinum idayil eee mekhalayile oru samsthaanam bharicha charitraparamaaya raajavamshamaayirunnu karamanidukal. karaman beyude neethrthwathilulla oru turkmen gothramaan eee samsthaanam sthaapichathu, oduvil automan saamraajyathile mehmed randaamante bharanakaalathu ithu automan saamraajyathil ulppeduthi. ("kaanuka" karamante cassim.) maddhya anatoliayude thekkan pakuthiyilaanu karamanid samsthaanam sthaapithamaayathu. athinte adhikaarathinte unnathiyilirikke medittareniyan theeramaaya anattoliyayude madhyabhagavum (ekadesham purathana kaalathe silishya trackia, aadhunika antalia pravishyayude kizhakkan pakuthi, aadhunika mersin pravishyayude padinjaaran pakuthi) athu niyanthrichu.) athinte pradesham ottomanmaar pidichadakkiyathinusesham karamanid kaalaghattatthile rund perukal nilaninnu; karamanidukalude thalasthaana nagaramaya innathe karamana nagaram (central anatoliyayil larende ennariyappettirunnu), (1920 vare) nyoonapaksha janathaykku caramanalides ennu perittu. (karamanidukal musleengalaayirunnuvenku, 1920-kalil greak-turkey janasamkhya kaimatta samayat greasylake kudiyeriya mekhalayile turkish samsaarikkunna kristhyan nyoonapakshamaayirunnu karamanidi).
bhoomishaasthram.
sarr francis beaufort thante pusthakatthil anatoliayude thekkan theerathe muzhuvan caramania allengil karamania ennu paraamarshichu. oru ettumuttalil beaufortinu parikketta yediburoon (cragus parvvatham) muthal ayas (ejiye) vareyulla vishalamaaya pradeshatheyaanu eee peru soochippikkunnathu. padinjaaru muthal kizhakk vare ekadesham ore akshaamshathilaanu eee pradesham sthithicheyyunnathu, ennaal 6 digriyil kooduthal rekhamsha vyathyasam vyaapichukidakkunnu, ithu pakshiyude parakkalin thulyamaanu. nilavil ithu moonnu turkish pravisyakalaaya antaaliya, mersin, adana ennivayude theerarekhayumaayi poruthappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, avarude adhikaarathinte unnathiyilirikke polum, eee theeratthinte moonnilonnu maathrame karamanikal niyanthrichirunnulla.

