1844-leeii rund prachodanaathmaka prabhashanangal

soren keerkkegaardinte oru pusthakamaanu tuu upp building discourses (1844).
charithram.
kierkegard "pathinettu prachodanaathmaka prabhashanangal" ezhuthi. eee prabhashanangal 1940-kalil danishil ninnu engleeshilekkum 1950-kalil danishil ninnu jarmman bhaashayilekkum pinneedu 1990-ll veendum engleeshilekkum vivarthanam cheyyappettu. eee prabhashanangal keerkkegaardinte thoolikanamamulla kruthikalkkoppam prasidheekarichu.
pandithanmaar pothuve parayunnath "keerkkegaardinte pusthakangal rund tharatthilaayirunnu. kierkegard swabhaavathil "soundaryam" ennu visheshippicha thoolikaanaamangalumaayi bandhappedutthiya pusthakangalude oru parambara undaayirunnu. onnukil/allengil", "bhayavum virayalum", "" aavarthanavum "ennivayil, kierkegard manushya abhiniveshangalude swabhaavam vividha roopangalil paryavekshanam cheiyunnu, palappozhum swantham anubavangal kaavyaathmakamaayi veshammariya aakhyaanathil avatharippikkunnu". maruvashathulla pusthakangalum addehathinte prabhaashanangalum addehathinte jeevithathile snehathilekku nayikkappettathayi manassilaakkappedunnu, rejin oolsan. "eee" "paroksha" "reethiyil bharanam nadatthaan oduvil svayam velippeduthaan addeham pratheekshichu". eee soundarya rachanakal prasidheekarikkappetta athe samayam, kierkegard upanyasangal polulla upadeshangalude oru parambara ezhuthi, ennirunnaalum avaa prabhaashanangalallenn nirbandhikkaan addeham shradhaaluvaayirunnu, kaaranam bhaagikamaayi addeham niyukthanayirunnilla, athinaal "adikaaram" illaayirunnu."ivayiloode addeham thante adisthaana mathaparamaya prathibaddhathakal kooduthal" "nerittulla" "reethiyil ashayavinimayam nadatthi". kierkegard thante jeevithathiludaneelam eee "mechappeduthunna prabhashanangal" ezhuthunnathu thudarnnu, ennaal addeham valarnnappol avaa kooduthal vyathirikthamaya kristhyan prameyangalil shradha kendreekarikkukayum nischayamaayum moorchayulla swaram sweekarikkukayum cheythu."
vyakthikal "yaadhaarthyathinte roopangalilekku njekki" vekkappedunnundenkum avar eathu roopamaanu dharikkendathenn avarkk thiranjedukkaan kazhiyumennu kierkegard parayunnu. onnukil/allengil" ll undakkiya parivartthanam ganyamaayi oru kavi-nilanilppil ninnu dhaarmika nilanilppilekkulla parivartthanamaanennu addeham parayunnu.
addeham "thante idathukaiyil allengil lokathodu chernnunilkkukayum, thante valathuvashath rund sthuthyarhamaya prabhashanangal nadathukayum cheythu; ennaal, ellaam, allengil ellaavareyum pole thanne, thante idathukaiyil thaan kaivechathu avarude valath vashath pidichirunnu. 1848-ll kierkegard ezhuthi, "enthaanu cheyyendathennu njaan daivathinu munnil theerumaanichu rund upadesha prabhashanangalil njaan ente cases sthaapichu; pakshe valare kurachu perkku maathrame avaa manassilaakoo ennu enikku nannayi manassilayi. ivide aadyamaayi 'aaa vyakthi' enna vibhaagathil varunnu, avane santhoshathodum nandiyodum koodi njaan 'ente vaayanakkaaran' ennu vilikkunnu.edifing prabhaashanangalude oro shekharathinteyum aamukhathil aavarthicha oru steeriyo type cheytha formula. ippol addeham addeham eee rund prabhaashanangalum thante valathukai kondu nadathukayum mikacha phalangal pratheekshikkukayum cheiyunnu. aaa eaka vyakthiyodulla" thante samarppanathil addeham parayunnu, eee cheria pusthakam (prabhaashanangalalla, prabhashanangal ennu vilikkappedunna, kaaranam athinte rachayithaavin prasamgikkaan adikaaramilla; "kettippadukkunna prabhashanangal", uyarthalinulla prabhaashanangalalla, kaaranam prabhashakan orikkalum oru adhyaapakanaanennu avakaashappedunnilla) enthengilum ozhivaakkiyittundekkum, athu onnum marannitilla; ennirunnaalum athu lokathil pratheekshayillaathathalle, anishchithathvathilo anishchithathvathilo ulla ellah pratheekshakaleyum poornnamaayum upekshikkunnu. orupakshe, munkaalangalil illaathathupole, pralobhippikkappettavar "virunnuvalarthal veettilekku pookunnathil" oru santhoshavum venda, "avarude sandarshanam vyarthamaakanamennu avar aagrahikkunnath pole kurachumaathrame" (1 thessalonicier 2:1); oru vyakthi thaan anubhavicha kashtappaadukalil ninnu padichathupole vidyaabhyaasamillaathe illengilum, kurachu padikkaan valareyadhikam kashtappedendivannaal athu orikkalum valare santhoshakaramaayirikkilla. adhikaarathinte vaakkanusarich, athu enthaanu thedunnathennu kandethunnathinayi janakkoottathinte nishabda anumathi nedukayaanengil nandi parayuka ennathaanu athinte aagraham santhoshathodum nandiyodum koodi njaan ente vaayanakkaarane vilikkunna aaa otta vyakthi, valathukai kondu vaagdaanam cheiyunnathu sweekarikkunna aal; uchithamaaya samayat thanikk labhichathu purathedukkukayum eduthathu veendum edukkunnathuvare marachuvekkukayum cheiyunna aaa otta vyakthi, angane thante salbudhiyiloode, thante njaanam, oru yaathrayil illaathirikkaan maathram aagrahikkunna oraalude nettatthinum santhoshathinum thaazhmayulla sammanam nikshepikkunnu. ezz.keey. "pathinettu oorjjaswalamaaya prabhashanangal", hong aamukham pii. 17
naam anubavikkunna kashtappaadukalilninn namukk engane padikkaan kazhiyum? kierkegard paranju, "bharanamaan enne padippichathu."addeham eee vaakk valiyaksharathil upayogichathinaal ithu daivika bharanathe ardhamaakkum. addehathinte kruthikal oru vyakthiye thanikk sambhavikkunna ellah kaaryangalum bharikkunnathil ninnu thaan engane svayam bharikkanamenn thiranjedukkaan kazhiyunna oraalilekk nayikkunnu. kierkegard snehathinte kruthikalil ezhuthi "ningal mattullavarodu cheiyunna kaaryangalilo mattullavar ningalodu cheiyunna karyangal engane edukkunnu ennathiloo maathrame ningalkk bandhamullu. disha aantharikamaanu; adisthaanaparamaayi ningal daivathinte munbil ningalumaayi maathram bandhappettirikkanam. aantharikathayude eee lokam, mattullavar yaadhaarthyam ennu vilikkunna eee avatharanam, ithaanu yaadhaarthyam. kristhyaaniyeppolarullavar eee aantharika lokathil pettavaraan."kshama prayogikkunnathiloode namukk padikkaan kazhiyum.
oro vyakthikkum oru thiranjeduppundu, oru nithyaathmaav, vishwaasathinteyum snehathinteyum shamayudeyum prathekshakal. eee aantharika vasthukkalellaam "daivathil ninnulla nallathum thikanjathumaaya sammaanangalaan". ningalkk daivathe aavashyamaanenna arivu keerkkegaardinte abhipraayathil daivathil ninnulla ellah pradhana daanavumaanu. eee rund prabhaashanangalum shamayekkurichaanu samsaarikkunnath. oro vyakthiyum thantethaaya vyakthithvam roopappeduthunnathil earppedanamennu kierkegard parayunnu. aaa vyakthi thante pratheekshakalil kshamayode irikkanam.
ghadana.
pithaavinodulla samarppanamillaatha addehathinte pathinettu prabhaashanangalile eaka prabhashanamaanu eee rund prabhashanangal. orupakshe athu addehathinte ammaykku samarppichirikkam, kaaranam nashtam anubhavikkukayum thante ezhu makkalil anchupere nashtappedukayum cheyyumbol polum prateeksha nilanirthunnathumaayi bandhappettathaan ithu.
lucose avante appan amayum avanekkurichu paranjathil athbhuthappettu; shimeon avare anugrahichu, thante ammayodu paranju "eee kutty israelil palarudeyum pathanatthinum uyirthezhunnelppinum, (ningalude swantham aathmaaviloode oru vaal thulachukayarukayum cheyyum), pala hridayangalil ninnulla chinthakal velippeduthappedaanula oru adayaalathinaayi sajjamakkappettirikkunnu."asher gothratthile faanuelinte makalaaya anna enna oru pravachakiyum undaayirunnu; kanyakaathvam kazhinju ezhu varsham bharthaavinodoppam thaamasikkukayum enpathinaalu vayass vare vidhavayayi jeevikkukayum cheytha aval valia praayakkaariyaayirunnu."ningalkk ishtamaano", aval ravum pakalum upavaasathodum praarthanayodum koodi aaradhana nadathikkondu kshethrathil ninnu purapettilla. aaa manikkoorilaan aval daivathinu nandi paranjukondu yerooshaleminte veendeduppu anweshikkunna ellaavarodum avanekkurichu samsaarichath. karthaavinte nyaayapramaanamanusarichu ellaam cheythashesham avar galeelayilek, athaayath swantham nagaramaya nasaratthilekku madangi. kutty valarnnu njaanamkondu niranju sakthanaayi; daivathinte krupa avantemel undaayirunnu."baibil" (aarr. ezz. vii)
1844-leeii addehathinte rund prachodanaathmaka prabhashanangal
oraalude aathmaavine kshamayode samrakshikkaan.
eee rund cherukathakalilum jeevita saahacharyangale abhimukeekarikkumbol pratheekshayile kshamayude moolyam kierkegard oonnipparanju.
addeham otappetta vyakthiyodu parayunnu, "chinthayillaathe thante jeevitam illaathaakkukayum orikkalum onnum manassilakkaathirikkukayum cheytha oraal, thante aathmaavinte shakti vyarthathayil paazhaakkukayum cheythathenganeyennu ningal kettirikkaam, addeham engane rogasayyayil kidannu, rogathinte bheethiyundaakki, otappetta bhayappeduthunna yuddham aarambhichu, jeevithathil aadyamaayi addeham engane enthengilum manassilakki, athu thaan kashtappedunna maranamaanennu manassilakki, lokathe chalippikkaan paryapthamaaya oru lakshyathil addeham engane svayam onnichu, thaan avaganicha chilath kandethunnathinum, deerghakaala jeevithathil thaan srishticha chila araajakathvangalkku krameekaranam nalkunnathinum, thaan upekshichupokunnavarkki enthengilum aasoothranam cheiyunnathinum, avasana nimisham svayam kashtappaadukalil ninnu svayam mochippikkunnathinum addeham engane athbhuthakaramaaya samahaaram nedi. addehathodoppam undaayirunnavaril ninnu ningal ithu kettirikkaam, avarkk sankadathodeyum ennaal aazhathil aswasthathayodeyum, aaa kurachu manikkoorukalil addeham thante jeevithathile matellaa manikkoorukalekkaalum kooduthal jeevichuvennu sammathikkendivannu, aalukal saadhaarana jeevikkunnathupole varshangalilum divasangalilum jeevikkunnathinekkaal kooduthal."
apakadathodum uthkandayodum vyathyastha aalukal engane prathikarikkunnu ennathinte udaaharanagal addeham nalkunnu. addeham orotta vyakthiye valare uyarnna nilayil pariganikkukayum parayunnu, "yadhaarthathil prashamsaneeyamaaya manushyaprakrithiyude mahathwathe namukk prashamsikkam; manushyaraakaan namukkum athu nalkappettathin namukk nandi parayaam."
uthkandayodum niraashayodum aalukal prathikarikkunnathinte moonnu udaaharanagal kierkegard nalkunnu, avayellaam oru baahya shathruvine paraajayappedutthaanulla shaareerika sahishnutha pole prashamsaneeyamaan. onno allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allengil allenki addeham ezhuthunnu,
oraal "ellaam sarway cheythu, bhayanakamaaya sahacharyam, manassinte saannidhyam ethra vegathil sariyaaya kaaryam thiranjedutthu, athu ettavum pakwathayulla prathiphalanatthinte falamaanennu, engane ichhaashakthi, annukal polum, bheeshaniyaaya bheethikale ethirthu, engane shareeram advaanam, vedanaajanakamaaya kashtappaadukal polum anubhavichilla, manushyashaktiye marikadanna bharam kaikal engane laghuvaayi vahichu, agadhatha kandathinal mattullavar thaazhekku nokkaan dhairyappedaathidathu kaalukal engane urachuninnu!"
ellaavarum samadhaanatheyum surakshayeyum kurichu samsaarikkumbol mattoru vyakthi oru apakadam kandethi, bheethiye thirichariyukayum thante aathmaavinte aarogyakaramaya shakti upayogichu athinekkurichu svayam poornnamaayi bodhavaanmaaraakkukayum cheytha sesham, veendum thante annukalkku munnilulla bheethiyumaayi, ippol vikasippikkukayum samrakshikkukayum cheythu thante jeevithathile apakadangalil poraadiya oraalude athe athmashakthi, maranavumaayi poraadiya oraalude athe aantharikatha-athe, appol naam avane sthuthikkum."
mattonn, "aswasthamaaya bhaavanayode, avane marikadakkaan kazhiyaatha uthkandakal srishtichu, avaye nokkunnathu upekshikkaan addehathinu kazhinjilla, avare kooduthal bhayappeduthukayum avare kooduthal bhayappeduthukayum cheythu, avare kooduthal bhayathode chinthikkukayum cheythu, appol manushyaprakrithiyude athbhuthakaramaaya mahathwathe naam prashamsichaalum naam avane sthuthikkukayilla. ennaal addeham bheethiye purathedutthu, manushyarkk oru tharatthilum nalkunnathinekkurichu chinthikkathe, ardhashoonyamaaya samsaarathiloode, ardhashoonyamaaya chinthaykku vishayavasthukkalumaayi, ennaal apakadatthinu thannoduthanne bandhamundennu manassilakkiyaal-ithu manassil vachukondu, bheethiyude aathmaavinte shakti addeham nediyaal, ithu sathyathil prashamsaneeyamaayirikkum, sathyathil athishayakaramaayirikkum."
svayam kandethalinte eee pravarthanamaanu kierkegard ezhuthiyathinte saaramsham. addeham parayunnu, "aalukal bhoumika apakadangalil shradhikkaan saadhyathayund, pakshe iva baahya apakadangalaanu. kierkegard parayunnu, naam aantharikamaaya entho onnu samrakshikkendathundu; nammude athmaakkal."athu samrakshikkaan oreyoru maarggam ullathupole, athu samrakshikkappedanamennu manasilakkaan polum ithu aavasyamaanennathinaal, anganeyallengil, marggangal mathramaayirikkilla eaka maarggam ennu addeham svayam vishadeekarikkunnu. athinartham kshama ennaanu. oru vyakthikk aadyam thante aathmaav labikkukayum pinneedu athu samrakshikkaan kshamayude aavasyakatha undaakukayum cheiyunnilla, pakshe athu samrakshikkunnathiloodeyalle mattethenkilum vidhathil avan athu nedunnilla, athinaal shamayaanu aadyathethu, shamayaanu avasaanatheth, kaaranam kshama nishkriyavum sajeeva pole thanne sajeevavumaan. "pathinettu oorjjaswalamaaya prabhashanangal", hong pii. 187
jeevithathil aalukalkk rund vazhikalundu. kshamayude paathayo allengil akshamayude paathayo. kierkegard athu nannayi parayunnu, 
vyakthatha varuthunna daaranayude bhayangal anganeyallennu theliyikkunnu ennathaanu ettavum valia apakadamennu kshama manassilaakkunnille, kaaranam appol shamaykku polum aashvaasam labikkilla? rogiyaaya oraalkk maathrame aagrahikkaan kazhiyoo, kaaranam rogiye nithyathayil ninnu svayam mochippikkaanum saamaanyabodhathil unangaanum nishkalankathayil kaalaharanappedanum aathmeeyathayillathe nasikkaanum anuvadikkano ennathaanu apakadam. eee apakadatthinethire ippozhum oru vibhavamundu. vishwasichu nithyathaye aagrahikkunnath thudarunnavan orikkalum vishappilekku anugrahikkappedaathe thripthanaakunnilla; bhaaviyilekku pratheekshayode nokkunnavan orikkalum bhoothakaalathe oru nimishatthilum bhayappedilla, kaaranam avan ellaayppozhum athilekku thirinjupokunnu; daivatheyum manushyareyum snehikkunnavan ippozhum aavashyamullappol thanne, ettavum valuthum nirasha ettavum aasannavumaayaalum, nirantharam cheyyaan mathiyakum. marikkaan kidakkunnathinu munbu addeham orikkalkkoodi chodikkunnu njaan daivathe munbatheppole snehikkunnundo, manushyarude pothuvaaya aashankakale njaan snehikkunnundo? avan anukoolamaayi utharam nalkaan dhairyappedukayaanenkil, avan marikkukayo rakshappedukayo cheiyunnilla; avan dhairyappedunnillenkil, avanu theerchayaayum mathiyakum. appol pranayathilum thante snehathinumaayi avan chinthikkanam, sankadathil ippozhum maranjirikkenda santhoshavum aashvaasavum kaananum nokkaanum munkootty kaananum kazhiyille ennu, kaaranam ithu ippozhum avane nanmaykkaayi sevikkanam. "pathinettu oorjjaswalamaaya prabhashanangal" p. <aii. dii. 1>
pratheekshayil kshama.
muun prabhaashanatthil keerkkegaardinte uddeshyam kshama oru vyakthikk purathaanennapole samsaarikkuka ennathaayirunnu. addeham parayunnu, "ithu anganeyallennu njangalkk nannayi ariyaam. ennittum njaan ningalodu chodikkunnu, ennekkaal nannayi athine prashamsikkan ariyaavunnavare, nanma engane nirvahikkaamenn nannayi ariyunnavare, athu engane aalukalodu prashamsikkanamenn ariyunnavare, kaaranam ningalkk athu nannayi, kooduthal aantharikamaayum kooduthal kaalathekkum ariyamaayirunnu-ennirunnaalum, chila samayangalil, aashankakalum ningalude adhwana chinthakalum puthiya charchakalkku janmam nalkukayallaathe prayojanamillaattha charchakal koodikkoodi vannappol, appol lalithavum lalithavum ennirunnaalum marannupoya kshamayude vaakkukal ningale mattoru dishayil ninnu prerippichu, athu purathulla kshamayude manam poleyallayo? kshama purathullathupole njangal athine kaanichu, athu samsarikkaan njangal anuvadichu, athu thanneyaayirunnu."
ippol addeham oru yadhaartha vyakthiye purathedukkunnu, "onnukil/allengil" (eiii, bii), "bhayathilum virayalilum" (abraham), "aavarthanathilum" (yuvavum konstaantin konstaaniyasum). avan annaye purathedukkukayum praadhamikamaayi avalilum avalude pratheekshakalilum shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. matellaam maarikkondirikkumbol athepadi nilanilkkunna sthirathayaanu daivamennathaanu avan veettilekku nayikkunnath. nammude swabhaavam avaneppoleyakaanum, sthirathayode daivathe nedaanum kshamayode nammude aathmaavine rakshikkaanum kazhiyunna vidhathil daivathe snehikkuka ennathaanu addeham namme udbodhippikkunnathu.
orotta vyakthiye anugrahikkukayo shapikkukayo cheiyunna pratheekshakalekkurichu enthaanu? kierkegard parayunnu, "marikkunnathuvare aareyum santhoshavaanaayirikkaruthen ethra thavana parayappedunnu, ennaal oraal jeevichirikkunnidathom kaalam oraal upekshikkaruthenn, jeevanullidatholam kaalam prathekshayundennum, thalphalamaayi nithyatha prathekshikkunna amarthyarkkaayi ellaayppozhum prathekshayundennum oru aswasthanaaya vyakthi parayunnath ethra apoorvamaanu."thangalude munkaala jeevitam ellah pratheekshakaleyum nasippichuvennu vishwasikkunna vyakthiyodulla addehathinte upadesham ithaanu" bhoothakaalathe orikkalkkoodi marakkuka, ningal svayam keniyil pedunna eee kanakkukoottalukalellaam upekshikkuka, ningalude hridayathinte prachodanam avasaanippikkaruth, aaraan ettavum kooduthal kaalam kaathirikkukayum ettavum kooduthal kashtappedukayum cheythathennathinekkurichu upayogashoonyamaaya kalahathil aathmaavine illaathaakkaruthu-orikkalkkoodi ningalude ellah sankadangalum karthaavil eriyukayum avante snehathil svayam eriyukayum cheyyuka. eee kadalil ninnu, prateeksha veendum uyarukayum navajaathashishukkalillaatha, thuranna-punarjanmamulla swarggam kaanukayum cheiyunnu, kaaranam eee swargeeya prateeksha aarambhikkunnath bhoomiyile prateeksha shakthiyillathe niraashayode thaazhekku veezhumbozhaanu."
ennaal prathekshikkunna vyakthi ellaayppozhum oorkkanam, "vijayam pratheekshikkaattha oro thavanayum thante aathmaavine pidikoodumbol, thanikk vishwaasamillennu avanariam."ellaavarkkum ullathupole annaykkum oru choys undaayirunnu, athu upayogichu. kierkegard parayunnu, 
vimarsanam.
eee prachodanaathmakamaaya prabhashanangal david eph. edifing prabhashanangal vivarthanam cheythu. cheythu madhyathil swenson avaa vivarthanam cheythappol. eee prabhaashanatthinte aamukhathil addeham thaazhepparayunnava ezhuthi. "eee vaalyathil varunna prabhashanangal pathinettu bhakti prasamgangalude parambarayile naalaamatheyum anchaamatheyum grouppukalaayi maarunnu, iru grouppukalum 1844-ll prasidheekarichu. eee nirmmaanangalude padhathiyum uddeshyavum, prasidheekarana samayat soundarya kruthikalude prasidheekaranathinu samaantharamaayi, ithuvare cheythathinekkaal kooduthal prathyekamaayi pariganikkunnath chila thaalpparyangalkk kaaranamakum. randaamathethil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, eee vilaasangal keerkkegaardinte swantham peril prasidheekarichu, kaaranam mathaparamaya kruthikal enna nilayil addeham prakadippicha kaazhchappaadukalude vyakthiparamaaya utharavaaditham etteduthu, kaaranam thudakkam muthal addehathinte rachanakalkk oru mathaparamaya prachodanavum padhathiyum undaayirunnuvennum athil soundaryaparamaaya kruthikalum oru bhagamaayirunnuvennum soochippikkuka ennathaayirunnu avayude uddeshyam."
keerkkegaardinte swantham chinthakal swenson ivide prathidhwanikkunnu. daarshanika shakalangalkk ashaasthreeyamaaya postscript avasaanippikkunnathil" addeham inipparayunnava ezhuthi, "onnukil/allengil" krithyamaayi kettippadukkunna sathyathil avasaanikkunnu (ennittum vaakkukal itaalik cheyyaathe, upadeshaathmakamaayi onnum parayaathe) enikku shradheyamaayirunnu. nilavilulla kristhyaanikalilekkul vazhiyile oro prathyeka pooyintum vyakthamaayi maarunnathin ithu kooduthal urappaayum oonnipparayunnathu kaanaan enikku aagrahikkunnu. aantharikatha enna nilayil kristheeya sathyavum kettippadukkunnathaanu, ennaal ithu oru tharatthilum ellah kettippadukkunna sathyangalum kristhyaanikalaanennu soochippikkunnilla; kettippadukkal oru vishalamaaya vibhagamaanu. njaan ippol veendum eee vishayathil shradha kendreekarichu, pakshe enthaanu sambhavichathu? njaan aarambikkaan uddeshichathupole, 1843-ll majistrettu keerkkegaardinte "rund prachodanaathmaka prabhashanangal" prasidheekarichu. thudarnnu moonnu uyarnnuvarunna prabhashanangal vannu, aamukham avaa prabhaashanangalallenn aavarthichu, mattaarum illaayirunnengil njaan theerchayaayum nirupaadhikamaayi prathishedhikkumaayirunnu, kaaranam avar dhaarmika vibhagangalaaya manyatha maathram upayogikkunnu, allathe erattiyaayi prathifalikkunna matha vibhaagangalalla. bhaashayude ashayakkuzhappam ozhivaakkanamenkil, prabhashanam matha-kristhyan nilanilppinaayi neekkivaykkanam. pii. 256
veendum "oru ezhuthukaaranenna nilayil ente kruthiyude kazhchappadil", aadyathe koottam rachanakal soundarya uthppaadanakshamathaye prathinidheekarikkunnu, avasaanathe koottam mathaparamaanu avaykkidayil, vazhithirivu enna nilayil, avasana postscript. eee kruthi svayam oru kristhyaaniyaakaanulla muzhuvan rachayithaavinteyum prasnamaaya 'prashnam' ennathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. athinaal ithu thoolikanamamulla kruthiyekkurichum pathinettu edifing prabhaashanangalekkurichum manassilakkunnu, ithellaam prashnathe prakaashippikkaan sahaayikkunnuvenn kaanikkunnu-ennirunnaalum, melpparanja nirmmaanatthinte lakshyamaanithenn sthireekarikkunnu, ithu oru thoolikaanaamam, oru moonnaamathe vyakthi, swanthamallaatha oru srishtiyude lakshyathekkurich onnum arian kazhiyaathathinal athu sthireekarikkaan kazhiyilla. "samapana postscript" oru soundarya kruthiyalla, pakshe karsanamaaya ardhathil athu mathaparamalla. athinaal ithu oru thoolikaanaamamaanu, edittaraayi njaan ente peru cherkkunnundenkilum-oru soundaryaparamaaya srishtiyude kaaryatthilum njaan cheyyaatha oru kaaryam.pii. 13
david jeey. braitt daivatwa skoolile daivashaasthra professoraaya gauvans vaayanakkaarane oormmippikkunnu, keerkegaardinu ellaayppozhum "enthukondu" ennathinekkaal "engane" ennathil kooduthal thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. addeham parayunnu, "engane" ennathu keerkkegaardinte kendramaayathinaal, pandithochithamaaya shradha nediya toolikaanaama saahithyathilekku mathramalla, nilavil toolikaanaama saahithyathil prasidheekaricha uyarthunnathum mechappeduthunnathumaaya prabhaashanangalude parambarayilekkum naam aduthu shradhikkanam. roobert ell. ashaasthreeyamaaya postscript" (1846) avasaanippichathin sesham keerkkegaardinte swantham peril prasidheekaricha (chila apavaadangalode) neraaya mathasaahithyavumaayi bandhappett keerkkegaardinte "randaamathe rachayithaav" ennu perkins sahaayakaramaayi visheshippichittundu. addehathinte valathukaiyile upadesha prabhaashanangalum idathuvashathulla addehathinte thoolikaanaamathilulla rachanakalum aayirunnu, addehathinte idathuvashathulla thoolikanamamulla saahityavum idathukaiyilulla addehathinte valathuvashathulla upadesha prabhaashana saahityavum pothujanangal valathukaikondu sweekarichu. randaamathe saahithyathe kurichu sameepa varshangalil niravadhi mikacha padanangal nadannittundengilum, nirmmaanathinteyum "randaam saahithyathinteyum" aantharika yukthiyekkurichum swabhaavathekkurichum kooduthal prathiphalanathinu idamundu.eee patanam aaa prathiphalanathinu sambhavana nalkaanulla sramamaanu. avasaanamaayi, "prekshakar" enna keerkkegaardinte saahitya prasamgangalil thathwachinthakaro saahithyikalo (pathonpathaam noottaandile denmarkilo innathe kaalathilo aakatte) mathramalla, manushyaraakaan sramikkunna vyakthikalum orupakshe kristhyaanikalum ulppedunnu enna bodhyamaan ithinu pinnile kaaryam.
aathmaav enthaanennathinekkurichu manushyavargathinu niravadhi vyathyastha sangalppangalundu, ennaal oro vyakthikkum oru aathmaavund ennathaanu ellaavarum yojikkunna oru kaaryam, ellaavarkkum aathmaavundennathinaal ellaavarum thulyaraanu ennathaanu keerkkegaardinte kaazhchappaad. russian aathmaav greak aathmaavil ninno hegalinte aathmaavil ninno allengil dablyu. iii. bii. duu boisinteyo atho aathmaav manassinu thulyamaano atho lokathinu thulyamaano?
ellaavarum athinekkurichu chinthikkaan aagrahikkunnundenkil thante ullil oru aathmaav vasikkunnundennum athu samrakshikkuka ennathaayirunnu thante joliyennum karuthiya oru anumaanathil pravartthikkaan kierkegard aagrahichu. addeham parayunnu, kshama ennathu praarthanayiloodeyum upavaasathiloodeyum maathram purathaakkaan kazhiyunna oru dushtaatmaavaanu. ... kshamayude vishapp thripthippeduthaan eluppamalla-appol, upavaasathiloode engane? akshamayude aavasyangal theerchayaayum niravadhi vaakkukalum neenda prasamgangalum upayogikkunnu, pakshe praarthanayil athu vaakkukalal valare kuravaanu. deerghakaalathekku thaalkkaalika kshama kaivasham undu, dridamaayi sahishnutha pulartthunnu, apoorvvamaayi vishramikkunnu, orikkalum praarthikkunnilla, pakshe anna ravum pakalum thudarnnu. oru prathyeka samayat praarthanayil oraalude manassine shekharikkukayum aantharikamaayi praarthikkukayum cheyyuka ennathu oru nagaram kaivashappeduthunnathinke budhimuttaanennu akshamatha parayunnundengilum, oru nimisham maathram, hridayathinte aantharikathayilum manassinte saannidhyathilum chinthayude shaanthathayilum muzhuvan aathmaavinteyum amgeekaarathilum, chitharikkidakkathe, aswastharaakaathe, oraalude bhakthiyekkurichu anuthapikkathe, athu oru vanjanayaanennu vedanayillaathe, ellaavarudeyum praarthanayil ninnu rogabaadhithanaakaathe, ennaal anna, praarthanayodum ravum pakalum upavaasathodum koodi karthaavine sevikkunnu, kshethram vittupoyittilla. pathinettu oorjjaswalamaaya prabhashanangal pii. 223
kierkegard munbathe oru prabhaashanatthil thaazhepparayunnava ezhuthi 
manushyare snehikkunnathil aalukalkkulla prashnam addeham thante jenalukalil vishadeekarichu. 
allengil addeham parayunnu, 
howard vii. prabhaashanangalude vivarthanathinte aamukhathil hong parayunnu, "oru pusthaka avalokanangaludeyum vilppanayudeyum swaadheenam kanakkakkunnathinulla saadhaarana reethikal anusarichu-aarr cheria vaalyangalulla uyarnna nilavaaramulla prabhashanangal oru valia vijayamaayirunnilla. ... aarr vaalyangalude vilppana prabhaashanangalude avalokanangalude kurravinum hraswathaykkum anusrithamaayi. ... aadyathe rund prabhashanangal theernnappol [kierkegard] pathinaar prabhaashanangale "sexten opiglij taller" ("pathinaar uyarthal prabhashanangal") enna pothu thalakkettil oru vaalyathil addeham bandhippichu. ... rund prabhaashanangalude 78 koppikalum (1843 umm moonnu prabhaashanangalude 61 koppikalum (1843) avasheshichu, "sexten opiglij taalarinte" oru pakarpp nilavilundaayirunna apoorvamaaya kierkegard pusthakamayirikkanam. ... martin hydegger nalkia prashamsaykkaayi avarum pinneedulla prabhaashanangalum nooru varsham kaathirikkaan nirbandhitharaayi.
1941ll swenson ezhuthi, "europe bhookhandathil lokathile munnira chinthakaril oralaayi kierkegard valarekkaalamaayi amgeekarikkappettirumne, aduthide maathramaan engleesh vaayikkunna pothujanangal addehathe ariyunnathu. engleeshilekku vivarthanam cheyyappetta addehathinte aadya kruthiyaaya dhaa philosophical fregmentukal anchu varsham munbu maathramaan prathyakshappettath. athinusesham addehathinte pradhanappetta pusthakangalil etto patho engleeshil prasidheekarikkappettittu, bhaviyil kooduthal pusthakangal undakanulla saadhyathayund. eee mandagathiyilulla amgeekaarathinte falamaayi, keerkkegaardinte chinthakaleyum athinekkurichulla vyaakhyaanangaleyum kurichulla engleesh vyaakhyaanangal praayogikamaayi nilavililla, addehathinte ashayangal chinthoddeepakamaanennu mathramalla ulladakkathil palappozhum vivaadaparavum aayathinal addeham kooduthal ariyappedumbol athivegam maarunna oru avasthayaanu.

