
newport merkuri

1758ll aan smith franklin (1696-1763), benchamin franklinte anantharavan avarude makan jaims franklin (1730-1762) ennivar chernnu sthaapicha aadyakaala american colonial pathramaayirunnu newport merkuri. 1717ll landanil ninnu franklinte pithaav jaims franklin (1697-1735) irakkumathi cheytha oru achadippathrathilaanu pathram achadichathu. colonial yunaittad stetsil oru sthree prasidheekarikkunna aadyathe pathramaayirikkam merkuri. oru aafrikkan american vanithayaya philis veetliyude kavita prasidheekaricha aadya prabandham koodiyaayirunnu merkuri.
1776 desemberil britiish sainyam newport kaivashappeduthunnathuvare pathrangalum tharangalum kuzhichidunnathuvare merkuri pathivayi prasidheekarichirunnu. 1779 novemberil britishukaar newport ozhippichathinusesham merkuri veendum puratthirakki.
viplava yudhasamayathu "merkuri" prasidheekaranam nirthalaakkukayum edward eiii ettedukkukayum cheythu. 1928-leeii sherman, hartford koorant (1764-ll sthaapithamaayathu), merkuriyude prasadhakar ennivarkkidayil deerghakaalamaayi nilanilkkunna oru charchayundu. koorant" valarekkaalamaayi american aikyanaadukalile ettavum dairkhyameriya "thudarchayaayi prasidheekarikkunna" pathramaayi svayam thirichariyukayum mikka pandithochitha lekhanangalum athine angane visheshippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
printing press charithram.
jaims franklin, 1717-1735.
1717 oode bosttanil jaims franklin (1697-1735) landanil ninnu irakkumathi cheytha oru pathratthil achadikkaan thudangi. 1727-ll franklinum bhaarya anneyum (1696-1763) rooad dveepile newportil sopp nirmmathaavaayi ithinakam sthaapithanaaya sahodaran joninoppam (1690-1756) chernnu. aaa varsham august muthal franklin panchaankangalum oru varshatholam pracharicha rooad dveepinte aadya pathramaya "dhii rooad ailand gasatt" enna pathravum achadikkaan thudangi.
aan franklin, 1735-1748.
1735ll jaims franklin marichappol, addehathinte bhaarya aan franklin pathrangalude chumatala ettedukkukayum, "ezhaam nambarinekkurichulla oru hraswa lekhanam" enna thante aadya sooloo prasidheekaranam achadikkukayum colonial yunaittad stetsile aadyathe vanita printarmaaril oralaayi maarukayum cheythu. jorjju parker winship eee parivarthanathekkurichu ezhuthi; "sthaapanathinte perumaattatthil bharthaavine gauravamaayi nashtamaayenn kaanikkan avalude peru vahikkunna pusthakangalude roopathil onnumilla. avalum avalude penmakkalum type krameekaranatthil sahayikkaan sheelichirunnu, athinaal oafees fozhsinte yadhaartha maattam orupakshe cheruthaayirunnu."franklin panchaankangal achadikkunnathu thudarukayum oduvil 1736 muthal 1763ll marikkunnathuvare rooad dweep kolaniyude audyogika printaraayi maarukayum cheythu.
jaims franklin, 1748-1763.
jayimsinteyum aan franklinteyum makan jaims (1730-1762) ammavan benchaminte koode achadi vyavasaayathil pariseelanam nediyirunnu. 1748ll printing pressinte udamasthaavakaasham ettedukkunnathinaayi ilaya franklin newportilekku madangiyethi, kolaniyumaayi samanamaaya karaarukal ettedukkukayum 1747 muthal 1759 sarathkaalam vare vitharanathinayi avarude nadapadikramangalo "shedyoolukalo" achadikkukayum cheythu.
1758 juun 19nuu jaims franklin "newport merkuri" yude aadya lakkam prasidheekarichu. aadya varsham "newport mercuriyum prathivaara parasyadaathaavum" enna thalakkett, newporttinte washington squarinte madhyabhaagathulla school housinte basementil pathram achadichu. 1762-ll franklin marikkukayum addehathinte amma aan saamuval haal upayogichu pathratthinte nadatthippu punararambhikkukayum franklin & haal enna peril prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. 1763ll aan marichappol haal eaka udamayaayi maarukayum addehathinte peril "newport merkuri" prasidheekarikkaan thudangukayum cheythu.
saamuval haal, 1763-1768.
masaachyusetsile medfordil janicha saamuval haal (1740-1807) 1750-kalil newportilekku maarunnathin munbu oru printaraayi svayam oru peru srishtichirunnu. 1755-ll oru ghattathil, aanninteyum jaims franklinteyum makal saara (1734-1763) yumayi haalinu elisabath enna oru kutty janichu. vamshaavaliyiyanjanaaya maikkal leclerk elisabath haal vivaahathil ninnaan janichathennu oohikkunnu, "sivil rekhakalo newporttile aadyathe sabhaa sabhayude rekhakalo eee vivaahamo avarude makalude jananamo snaapanamo kanikkunnilla. kutty niyamavirudhamaanenna vastutha marachuvekkunnathinulla oru manyamaaya kathayaayirikkaam 'vivaham'. ... saamuval haalum saarayum (franklin) orikkalum vivaham kazhichilla."
masaachyusetsile vorsestaril ninnulla mattoru pathra prasadhakanaaya isaiah thomas parayunnathanusarichu; "haalinte maanejmentinu keezhil merkuri mumbathethinekkaal manyamaaya roopamaanu nalkiyathu. manoharamaayum sariyaayum achadichathaayirunnu athu; ayal kolanikalil achadicha pepparukalil ninnu nannayi thiranjeduttha intelligence kondu athinte nirakal niraykkukayum aabhyanthara vivarangalkk arhamaaya shradha nalkukayum cheythu. parasya upabhokthakkal vardhikkukayum athinte vitharanam kooduthal vipulamavukayum cheythu.
solomon southviku, 1768-1787.
1768ll haal achadisaala solomon southvikkinu vittu, 1776ll britishukaar aquidneck dweep kaivashappeduthunnathuvare newportil pathram nadatthi. dweep vidunnathinu munbu, britiish sakthikal avaa upayogikkunnathu thadayunnathinaayi southviku achadishaalakalum chalikkavunna tharangalum kuzhichumoodiyirunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithu kuzhichedukkukayum britishukaar moonnu varshathekku "newport gasatt" achadikkaan upayogikkukayum cheythu-1776 muthal 1779 october 6 nuu athinte avasana lakkam vare. solomon southviku 1776 leeii swaathanthrya prakhyaapanatthinte pakarppukal achadikkaan upayogicha eee pras, dauntaun newporttile newport histtari myoosiyathil kaanaan kazhiyum.
yudhasamayathu, masaachyusetsile atleboroyil southu wick mattoru press sthaapikkukayum avide ninnu 1780-ll newportilekku madangivarunnathuvare "newport merkuri" prasidheekarikkukayum paredinte madhyabhaagathulla "kween streettil" achadikkukayum cheythu."prasadhakanaaya isaiah thomas parayunnathanusarichu," southviku merkuri haalil sthaapicha manyamaaya nilathu thudarnnu; nammude raajyathinte swaathanthryathinaayulla malsarathinide addeham athu dridathayodum deshasnehathodum koodi nadatthi."
henry barber, 1780-1800.
southu wick rooad dveepile newportilekku madangiyethiyayudane, henry barber enna mattoru printarumaayi chernnu addeham prasidheekarikkaan thudangi. englandil janicha barber, orupakshe 1780ll thudangunna southvikkil ninnu achadi padichu. jorjju parker winship ezhuthunnathu southvikkum barber "erekkure sauhruda athiraalikalaayirunnuvennu thonnunnu."1780 juulai 15 muthal, southvikkum barber 1787ll southvikkinte viramikkal vare" "mercuriyum" "mattu prasidheekaranangalum orumichu prasidheekarichu. 1800ll marikkunnathuvare henry barber svanthamaayi pathram prasidheekarichu. baarbarinte kudumbam 1850 vare ambathu varshatholam thadassamillaathe" "merkuri" "prasidheekarikkunnathu thudarnnu".
olichodiya adima parasyangal, 1758-1792.
pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathode, rooad dveepinte kolaniyum athinullile newport nagravum adimakalaakkappetta aafrikkakkaarude pradhana vaahakan enna nilayil avarude punk surakshithamaakki. vaasthavathil, 'american adimakkachavadam' ennu naam ariyunnathine 'rooad dweep adimakkachavadam' ennu vilikkunnathaanu nallathennu charithrakaaran jayy cottry paranju.ithu ariyumbol, newporttile karuthavarggakkaarude janasamkhya, motham janasamkhyayude sathamaanam anusarichu, nyoo englandile ettavum valia janasamkhyayaanennathil athishayikkanilla. pathinettaam noottaandil, newporttile niravadhi aafrikkakkaarum aafrikkan amerikkakkarum swathanthrarum swathukkalude udamastharumaayirunnu (kaanuka kingsttan pease), avaril bhooribhaagavum adimakalaayirunnu, kadaltheera vipani sambadvyavasthayil jolie cheyyaan nirbandhitharaayi. swathanthrarum adimakalumaaya eee aalukal pathinettaam noottaandinte avasana pakuthiyil free aafrikkan union sosaitti polulla paraspara sahaaya samghangalude roopathil parasyamaayi samghadippikkappettappol, karuthavarggakkaar oodippooyukondu avarude adimathathe athirthathinte ennamatta udaaharanangalum charithrarekhakal velippeduthunnu. 
1758ll aadyamaayi prasidheekaricha merkuri polulla pathrangal adima lelathinum olichodiya adima parasyangalkkumulla parasyangal avarude prathivaara pathippukalil prasidheekarichu adimatha sthaapanathe uyarthippidikunnathil nirnaayaka punk vahichu. nyoo englandile aadyathe pathramaya "boosttan nyoos lettar" 1704-ll thanne adimakalude parasyangal prasidheekarichu, oduvil athu "merkuri" allengil "nyoos lettar" polulla pathrangalil sarvavyaapiyaayi-mikkavarum ellah lakkangalilum prathyakshappettu. ennirunnaalum, eee adimakalaakkappetta vyakthikal rooad dveepile adimathathe cherukkunnathinulla pathiv maargamaayi parakkal upayogichathaayum eee olichodiya parasyangalude vyaapanam soochippikkaam. 1760num 1766num idayil maathram, ezhupathiyezhu adimakal avarude thadavil ninnu palayanam cheythathayi parasyangalil rekhappeduthiyittundu-athaayath varshathil kuranjathu panthrand perenkilum olichodiya parasyangalil rekhappeduthiyittundu.
adimathathil ninnu palayanam cheiyunna aalukale pidikoodaanulla oru upakaranamaayaan eee parasyangal aadyam uddeshichathu. ippol, newport, rooad dweep, nyoo englandu ennividangalile adimakalaakkappetta janasamkhyayekkurichu kooduthalariyaan namukk avaye oru supradhana vibhavamayi upayogikkaam, mattu charithrarekhakal palappozhum upekshikkunna vivarangal. valare vyakthamaayi paranjaal, vadakku thangalude thadankal nirtthaline cherukkaanulla karuthavargakkaarude sthirothsaaham, thangalkk mechappetta enthengilum vendi avarude saahacharyangal mattaanulla avarude neekkam enniva eee parasyangal velippeduthunnu. prathirodha margamenna nilayil parakkalinte lingaparamaaya swabhaavavum velippeduthunnu-karutha penn oodirakshappedalukal eathaandu nilavilundaayirunnille rekhakal velippeduthunnu. adimakalaakkappetta sthreekal thekk thottangalil ninnu palayanam cheyyaan madikkaanulla oru kaaranamaayi charitrakaaranaaya stephaani camp "kudumba utharavaadithangal" udharikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1792-ll merkkuriyile oru parasyatthil "kettu greely" enna neegro sthriye vivarichittundu... ekadesham 22 vayassulla "3 aazhcha praayamulla" thante kochukuttyumaayi oodippoya aval, eee utharavaadithangal engane athu thadayunnathinupakaram parakkunnathilekku nayikkumennu velippeduthunnu.
sameepakaala charithram.
1928ll edward eiii "newport merkuri" swanthamaakki. newport dayley nyoos" nte udamayaanu sherman. 2005 march vare "newport daili nyoos" prasidheekarikkunna oru subscription vaarikayaayi ithu thudarnnu, pinneedu jaanin weisman edittarshippinu keezhil oru soujanya badal warta vaarikayaayi ithu veendum aarambhichu. newport kaundiyile kala, vinodam, bhakshanam, samskaaram enniva pepparinte nilavile aavarthanathil ulppedunnu.
2018 eprilil edittar jaanin weisman merkuri inii aazhchathorum achadi pathipp prasidheekarikkillenna prakhyaapichu, ithu epril 27 lakkathil praabalyatthil varum. newport dainamdina vaarthakal" enna vaarthayude prathimasa ulppeduthalaayi pathram thudarum. eee puthiya prathimasa "merkuri" pathippukalil aadyathethu 2018 juun 7 nuu "newport dainamdina vaarthakalil" ulppeduthiyathaayum oru swatantra pathramaayum prasidheekarichu. 2019 augustil weisman "dainamdina vaarthakal" upekshikkumbozhekkum "merkuri" yude eee prathimasa pathipp prasidheekarikkappettinnu.

