
metapolitefsy

aadhunika greak charithratthile ionides sainika bharanakoodatthinte pathanam muthal 1974 leeii niyamasabha thiranjeduppinu thottupinnaleyulla parivartthana kaalayalav vareyulla kaalaghattamaayirunnu metapolitephsi (metapolitephsi, "bharana maattam").
pramukha rashtreeyakkaaraaya panajiotis kaanellopoulos, stephanos stephanopolos thudangiyavarude ethirppu prakadippicha sainika svechaadhipathiyaaya georgios paappadopoulosinte udaaravalkkarana padhathiyaanu metapolitephsic theepidichathu. dimitrius eonidesinte ethir attimariyum cypress macarios III-nte prasidandinethiraaya addehathinte attimariyum cypress turkish adhiniveshathilekku nayichu, ithu svechaadhipathyathe thaazheyirakki.
muun pradhaanamantri konstaantinos karamanlisinte neethrthwathilulla idakkaala "deseeya aikya sarkkar" niyamichathode karamanilis communist party (kke) niyamavidheyamaakkukayum kendra-valathupakshavum ennaal ippozhum paarlamentari (sainikethara) puthiya janaadhipathya party kandethukayum cheythu.
pashchaathalam.
paappadopoulosinte parajayappetta udaaravalkkarana prakriya.
1973 juulai avasaanathil nadanna oru rafarandathethudarnnu, 1973 leeii greak bharanaghadanaye valia bhooripakshathode amgeekarichathinushesham, greak rajavaazhcha nirthalaakkukayum grease oru presidential republicayi maarukayum cheythathode, 1967 ll adhikaarametta sainika bharanakoodatthinte thalavanaaya georgios papadopoulose greasinte presidentaayi. taamasiyaathe, 1973 septambaril, papadopoulose thante sarkkaarine niyamavidheyamaakkaanum anthaaraashtra, prathyekichu europian, paria enna nilayil athinte prathichaaya punasthaapikkaanum lakshyamit "metapolitephsi" allengil udaaravalkkarana prakriyaykku oru sramam aarambhichu, aarr varshathe svechaadhipathyathinu sesham addeham reejant, pradhaanamantri, prathirodha mantri, aabhyanthara mantri ennivarulppede niravadhi unnatha sarkkar sthaanangalil svayam niyamichu. eee amithamaya pravrithikal addehathinte vishwaasyathayeyum swadeshathum videshathumulla addehathinte bharanathinte gauravatheyum kooduthal durbalappeduthunnu. adhikaarathil thanikk aathmavishwaasam thonniya addeham thante manthrisabhayile 13 sainikarude raaji abhyarthichu, attimariyude thudakkam muthal grease bharichirunna "viplava kaunsil" pirichuvittu, greasine paarlamentari bharanathilekku nayikkanulla chumatala spiros markisiniye greasinte pradhaanamanthriyaayi niyamichu. ennirunnaalum, 1973leeii greak bharanaghadana prakaram presidentinte adikaarangal paarlamentinekkaal valare valuthaayirunnu.
eee prakriya thadassappeduthunna eathenkilum sainika edapedal papadopoulose vettikkuraykkumenna vyavasthayil, eathenkilum tharatthilulla paarlamentari bharanathilekkulla parivartthanatthe sahayikkaanulla vivaada dauthyathil sahayikkaan thayyaraya eaka pazhaya kaaval raashtreeyakkaaran spiros markisinis aayirunnu. puthiya bharanaghadanaykku keezhil ardha svechaadhipathya presidential adikaarangal nediya papadopoulose athu amgeekarikkuka mathramalla, ayodhana niyamam nirthalaakkuka, sensorship laghookarikkuka, ellah rashtreeya thadavukaareyum mochippikkuka ennivayulppede vishalamaaya udaaravalkkarana nadapadikalkku utharavidukayum cheythu. deerghakaalamaayi nirodhichirunna mikis theodorakis samgeetham polum vaayusanjaarangalil thirichethukayundaayi. sensorship uyarthunnathiloode "aashayangalude bahuswarathayude pracharanatthinu sukhakaramaaya marjin anuvadikkunna oru nalla raashtreeyavum saamskaarikavumaaya anthareeksham srishtichu". vishalamaaya prathyayashaasthra spectrum ulkkollunna niravadhi puthiya prasidheekaranangal nirmikkappettu, koodaathe vietnaam yuddham, saamskaarika viplavam, saino-soviyatt vibhajanam, cheey guverayude maranam, fraansilum italiyilum 1968 leeii vidyaarthi prathishedhangal thudangiya kaalaghattatthile pradhana prasnangal vyaapakamaayi ulppeduthi. ithu greak yuvaakkalude oru vishalamaaya vibhaagathe "charitraparavum samakalikavumaaya maarksist, araajakathvavaada, boorshwas theevrachinthakalude ettavum pradhanappetta kruthikalumaayi" sanbarkkam pularthunnathil swaadheenam chelutthi.
1974ll nadakkaanirikkunna swatantra thiranjeduppukalil greak aabhyantharayudhakaalathu nirodhichirunna greak communist party allathe parambaraagatha idathupakshathinte bhagamaaya rashtreeya samghadanakal pankedukkumennu pratheekshichirunnu.
panajiotis canellopolos, stephanos stephanopolos thudangiya raashtreeyakkaar ulppedeyulla pazhaya rashtreeya varenyavargathinte nalloru bhaagathe thante udaaravalkkarana shramathil pankedukkaan bodhyappeduthunnathil papadopoulose parajayappettu. mikka pazhaya kaaval raashtreeyakkaarkkum avarude sahapravarthakaril chilar rashtreeya prakriyayil ninnu ozhivaakkappedumenna vastutha amgeekarikkaan kazhinjilla. koodaathe, presidentinu nalkia adhikaarangalude kendreekaranatthe avar ethirkkukayum kazhinja aarr varshathinide paappadopoulosinte bharanakoodatthinte keezhil "palayocometists" ("purathana party purushanmaar" ennartham) enna peril avar paishaachikavalkkarikkappettil athrupthi prakadippikkukayum cheythu. vaasthavathil 1967leeii bharanakoodathaal sthaanabhrashtanaakkappetta greasinte pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna canellopoulose svechaadhipathya varshangaliludaneelam bharanakoodavumaayulla eathenkilum tharatthilulla sahakaranathe shakthamayi ethirthu.
1973 leeii polytechnic prakshobham.
oru tharatthilulla gavanmentil ninnu mattonnilekkulla, prathyekichu svechaadhipathyathil ninnu janaadhipathyathilekkula parivartthanam, athu ettedukkunna raajyathin saadhaaranayaayi budhimuttullathum anishchithathvavum uthkandayum niranjathumaanu. sainyavum rashtreeya varenyarum vidyaarthikalum samoohathil athath sthaanangal urappikkaan sramichathinaal greasinte parivartthanavum vyathyasthamayirunnilla. prathyekichum, greasile vidyaarthi prasthaanatthe svechaadhipathyam adichamarthukayum communism virudhathayude peril vidyaarthi pravartthakare paarshwavalkkarikkukayum adichamarthukayum cheythu. svechaadhipathyakaalathe aadyakaala vidyaarthi pravarthanangalil 1970ll italiyile genovayil bhoogarbhashaasthra vidyaarthi kostaas jorgakis bharanakoodatthinethire prathishedhichukondu svayam theekoluthiyathu ulppedunnu. addehathinte nadapadi bharanakoodatthinethiraaya cheruthunilppinteyum neerasatthinteyum aazham prakadamaakkaan sahayichu.
greasile vidyaarthi pravartthanam parambaraagathamaayi shakthamaayirunnu, janadhipathyam oru vidoora swapnamaayirunna chila svechaadhipathyangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, janaadhipathya kaalaghattatthil pravartthanatthinte deerghavum sthaapithavumaaya record undaayirunnu, athilum pradhanamaayi, athu munkaala janaadhipathya pravartthanangalude oormmakal kaivashappedutthi. koodaathe, greak janaadhipathya samghadanayaaya paappadopoulosinte raashtreeyathinmelulla karkkasavum krithrimavumaaya parivartthanam chumathiya kadutha niyanthranangal raashtreeyakkaare mathramalla, vidyaarthikalaayirunna praadhamika vakthakkalaaya budhijeevikaleyum sathrukkalaakki.
apratheekshithamayittalla, 1973 novemberil ethans polytechnic kalapam aarambhichath thozhilavasarangal nirmmikkunnathum radio prakshepanangalum polulla saadhaarana vidyaarthi prathishedha thanthrangalil ninnaan. vidyaarthi prakshobham swamedhayaa nadannathaanennum greasile eathenkilum prathyeka rashtreeya groupella aasoothranam cheythathennum vishwasikkappedunnu. vaasthavathil, randaazhcha munbu ethans loow schoolil oru cheria prakshobham nadannirunnu, polytechnicil sambhavangal nadakkumbozhum athu sajeevamaayirunnu.
1973 februvariyil ethans loow schoolil nadanna munkaala panimudakkil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, avarude udaaravalkkarana sramathinu munbu, avide bharanakoodam vidyaarthikalumaayi deerghaneram charcha cheyyukayum rakthachorichil ozhivaakkukayum cheythappol, 1973 novemberil bharanakoodam vidyaarthikalumaayi charcha nadatthaan sramichilla. athesamayam cheria niyama vidyaalayathil nadanna prakadanatthil pankeduttha vidyaarthikal polytechnicilekku neengi, avidatthe paripaadikal aakkam kootti.
saadhaarana (janaadhipathya) kaalaghattatthil, vidyaarthi nethaakkalumaayulla charchakal, paraajayappedal thudangiya saadhaarana charitraparamaaya mungaamikale adisthaanamaakkiyulla thanthrangal upayogichu atharam prathishedham nirveeryamaakkappettirim, kurachu aazhchakalkk munbu niyamam vidyaarthikalumaayi cheythathupole saadhaarana janakootta niyanthrana reethikal upayogikkukayum thudarnnu kooduthal charchakal nadathukayum cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, svechaadhipathyathil ninnu janaadhipathyathilekkula anishchithathva rashtreeya pareekshanatthinte madhyathilaanu eee vidyaarthi prathishedham nadannathu. parivartthanatthinte pradhana enchineeyaraaya paappadopoulosinu janaadhipathya parivartthanangalil valia parichayamillayirunnathil, vidyaarthikalaayirikke addehathinte udaaravalkkarana padhathi paalam thettukayum pinneedu thozhilaallikal avarude prakshobham aarambikkaan udaaravalkkaranam upayogikkukayum cheythu, ithu papadopoulose bharanakoodatthe prathishedhangale shakthamayi adichamarthaan nirbandhitharaakki, ithu papadopoulose nadappakkaan sramikkunna udaaravalkkaranathe apakeerthippeduthunna oru neekkamaayirunnu.
charchakal parajayappettathinaal, polytechnic vidyaarthikalil ninnu bharanakooda seena rakthasaakshikale nirmmichu. ithu vidyaarthi prathishedhatthinu aakkam koottukayum oduvil svechaadhipathyathinethira saarvathrika prakadanamaayi parinamikkukayum cheythu. aaa samayat, parivartthana sarkkar paribhraantharaayi, ethans polytechnicinte kavaadangaliloode oru tank thakarnnu. athinusesham taamasiyaathe, sainika niyamam veendum earppeduthaan papadopoulosinode abhyarthikkaanulla apamanakaramaaya chumatala markasiniykku thanne undaayirunnu. greasil "udaaravalkkaranathinulla" paappadopoulosinte sramam paraajayappedaan thudangiyathinte aadya soochanayaayirunnu vidyaarthi prathishedhangal.
svechaadhipathyakaalathu shradhaapoorvvam adichamarthappetta attimariyude antharleenamaaya vairudhyangal janaadhipathyavalkkaranathinu bharanakoodatthinte shramathinide kooduthal drishyamaayi. greak aabhyantharayudhathinte aaghaathathe marikadakkaan aagrahikkunna greak samoohathile valiyoru vibhaagam bharanakoodatthe athinte theevramaaya communism virudhathayil ethirthu. paappadopoulosinu thudakkam muthal bhinnippikkunnathum communist virudhavumaayirikkennu, kaaranam allaathapaksham addehathinte attimarikk ardhamundaakumaayirunnil, ippol mettaapolittefsiyillekkilu addehathinte sramam bhaagikamaayi paalam thettukayayirunnu.
svechaadhipathyathinte kooduthal uracha amgangal pratheekshichathupole thanne ethans polytechnicile sambhavangal krithyamaayi vikasichu. bharanakoodatthinullile oru bharanakoodatthinte nethaavaaya brigadier demetrius eonides paappadopoulosineyum janaadhipathyathilekkula addehathinte neekkatheyum amerikkayil ninnu kooduthal swathanthramaaya oru videsanayathinaayulla addehathinte pinthudarchayeyum avahelichu.
paappadopoulosine ionideukal attimarikkunnathinulla saahacharyangal eluppamaayi, kaaranam ionideukalude attimarikkanulla padhathikalekkurichu munnariyipp nalkumbol papadopoulose maarkkasinikaleyum mattullavareyum vishwasikkilla. vaasthavathil maarkasinikalodulla paappadopoulosinte marupadi ithaayirunnu "mimis" [demetriosinte vilipperu, ionidesinte aadyanamam] oru "arsakeeyas" aanu, addeham orikkalum angane cheyyilla ". "paappadopoulosinte kaalathe ethansile karsanamaaya ellah sthreekaludeyum skoolaaya aarsakkiyoyile oru vanita vidyaarthiniyum shanthayum lajjayullathumaaya oru penkuttiyude roopakavumaanu greak bhashayil "arsakius".
1973-leeii ionides attimari.
asamthripthanaaya karkkashavaadiyum janaadhipathya virudhamaaya recordulla vyakthiyumaaya ionides eee avasaram prayojanappedutthi. 1973 november 25nuu addeham eee prakshobhatthe oru maruvashamaayi upayogichu, athu paappadopoulosine attimarichu janaadhipathya bharanathilekkulla markasiniyude parivarthanatthinu pettennulla anthyam kurichu. vaasthavathil, polytechnicile sambhavangalkk maasangalkk munbaanu addehathinte attimari aasoothranam cheythath.
ethans polytechnic prakshobhatthil suraksha senayude yoonit commandermaare criminal pravrithikal cheyyaan prerippikkunnathil eonidesinte edapedal, thante varaanirikkunna attimari sugamamakkunnathinaayi, bharanakooda vichaaranakalil prosecutor kodathiyil samarppicha kuttapathratthilum thudarnnulla polytechnican vichaaranayile shikshaavidhiyilum addeham sambhavangalkk dhaarmmikamaayi utharavaadiyaanennu kandethi.
sainika utharavukalum curfue prakhyapanangalum ulkkollunna ionides attimari samayat, sainika samgeethavum curfue prakhyapanangalum ulkkollunna ippol parichithamaaya "attimari purogamikkunnu" enna saahacharyathe thudarnnu radio prakshepanangal 1967 leeii viplavathinte thathwangal samrakshikkunnathinaayi sainyam adhikaarathinte niyanthranam thirichedukkukayaanennum papadopoulose-markasini sarkkaarine attimarikkunnathine sainyam, naavikasena, vyomasena enniva pinthunachirunnuvennum aavarthichu.
athesamayam, puthiya attimari "1967leeii viplavathinte thudarcha" aanennu avar prakhyapikkukayum "1967leeii viplavathinte aadarshangalil ninnu vazhithettikkukayum" raajyathe valare vegathil paarlamentari bharanathilekku nayikkukayum cheythuvennu paappadopoulosine kuttappeduthukayum cheythu.
markkasinikaleyum paappadopoulosineyum arast cheyyaan eonides munnott pooyi, 1974-ll aasoothranam cheytha thiranjeduppu raddaki, sainika niyamam punasthaapichu, pazhaya janda amgamaaya general faidon gisikkisinte neethrthwathilulla oru paava sarkkaarine puthiya presidentaayum sivilian pazhaya papadopoulose janda kaabinat amgavum, adamantios aandu rutsopolosine pradhaanamanthriyaayum niyamichu.
paappadopoulosil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, ionides niyamaparamo janaadhipathyaparamo aaya prakriyakalil prathyeka shradha cheluthiyirunnilla. muppatho athiladhikamo varshathe svechaadhipathyathinu addeham thayyarayirunnu. paappadopoulosinekkaal lalithamaaya reethiyil chinthikkunna oru yaadhaasthithika svechaadhipathiyaaya addeham padhathi poornnamaayum upekshichu engane oru janaadhipathya parivartthanam nedaam enna ashayakkuzhappam pariharichu.
adikaaram pidichedukkunnathinu munbu, ionideukal pashchaathalatthil pravartthikkaan eshtappettu, orikkalum bharanakoodatthil aupachaarikamaaya oru padaviyum vahichirunnilla. rahasyaathmakathayodulla addehathinte abhinivesham prathifalippichukondu maadyamangal addehathe "adrishyanaaya eakaadhipathi" ennaanu visheshippichathu. ippol addeham nizhalukalil ninnu grease bharichu, amgangal rachicha oru paava bharanakoodatthinte yadhaartha neethaavaayirunnu, avaril chilare sevikkaan jeeppukalil iii. ezz. eiii sainikar valanju, mattullavar abadhathil thiranjedutthavar. puthiya bharanakoodapradhaanamanthriyaaya admantios andrutsopolosine newyork times oru rashtreeya asthithwamillaatha vyakthiyayi visheshippichu. samshayaaspadamaaya uthbhavam undaayirunnittum, puthiya bharanakoodasena aakramanathmakamaaya aabhyanthara adichamarthalum vipuleekarana videsanayavum pinthudarnnu.
thante bharanakaalathu pathivayi nadatthiya pathrasammelanangalil, papadopoulose greasinte rashtreeya sareerathinethiraaya thante aakramanathe vivarikkan palappozhum "oru abhinethaakkalude saadrushyathilulla rogi" upayogichirunnu. rogi" enna saadrushyathe hasyaparavum ullasakaravumaaya reethiyil paraamarshichu addeham saadhaaranayaayi pathrangalil ninnulla janaadhipathya parivartthanam enna vishayathekkurichulla chodyangalkku utharam nalki. rogiyude asthikoodam (raashtreeyathe soochippikkunna) ghadana sariyaakkaan thaan rogiye (grease) oru kaastil ("ασθενι στον γύsiο" aksharaarthatthil jipsathile rogi) ittathaayi addeham parayaarundaayirunnu. saadhaaranayaayi "doctor" "rogiye" niyanthrikkukayum shasthrakriyaykkide "rogiyude" jeevan apakadathilaakaathirikkaan "sasthrakriya" nadatthaan oru sasthrakriya kidakkayil kettukayum cheythukondu "rogiye" sasthrakriya cheyyendivannu. eee saamyam maattivechu, rashtreeya samvidaanam thanikk samthrupthiyode thirichuvannukazhinjaal sainika bharanam avasaanippikkanulla thante uddeshyathengilum papadopoulose soochippichu, koodaathe chila niyamaparavum raashtreeyavumaaya adisthaanathil chikitsa purogamikkumennum addeham paranju.
vaasthavathil, 1968-ll thanne papadopoulose oru parishkarana prakriyaykkayi thaan utsukanaanennum akkaalat maarkkasinikalumaayi bandhappedaan polum sramichuvennum soochippichirunnu. 1969lum 1970lum addeham parishkaarangalkk thudakkam kurikkaan aavarthichu shramichuvenkilum ionideukal ulppedeyulla karkkashavaadikal athu paraajayappeduthi. vaasthavathil, 1970 leeii parishkaranatthinulla parajayappetta shramathethudarnnu, addeham raajivaykkumennu bheeshanippeduthukayum karkkashakkar addehathodulla vyakthiparamaaya vishwasthatha puthukkiyathinu sesham maathrame addehathe pinthirippikkukayulla.
ithinu vipareethamaayi, ionideukal maadyamangalodu samsaarikkukayo addehathinte nirddishta chikilsaykku samaanathakalonnum nalkukayo cheythilla. ennaal abhinethaakkalude saamyam thante uddeshyangal niravettunnillennu addehathinte pravarthanangaliloode oraalkk nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum. athinaal, papadopoulose thante adhikaarakaalathu oru janaadhipathya parivartthanavum nadakkillennu oru rashtreeya prasthavana nadathunnathinaayi vaagdaanam cheytha oru abhinethaakkalude saadrushyathil ionides rogiye upekshichu. niyamaparamaaya aupachaarikathakalekkurichu ionideukalkku aashankayillennum ithu soochippikkunnu. addeham "valare udaaramathiyaayathinaal [papadopoulose] bharanakoodatthe attimaricha krooranaaya eakaadhipathiyaayirunnu". ionidis oru "shudhanum dhaarmikanum, oru tharam greak gadaafiyaayi" kanakkaakkappettirunnu. akkaalat, "time" magazin ionideukale "karkkasavum shudhavumaaya senophobe-addeham orikkalum greasin cypressine purathaayirunnilla-greasine muammar gadaafiyude libyaikk thulyamaaya europianaakkaan shramichekkaam."
viyojippullavare thinnaan/peedippikkaan.
greasil ekkaalatheyum kadinamaayi adichelppikkappettavil onnaayi visheshippikkappedunna sensorship, puratthaakkalukal, ekapaksheeyamaaya thadankal, peedanam thudangiya adichamarthal nadapadikal punasthaapikkukayum thwarithappeduthukayum oru police rashtramenna nilayil oru anthaaraashtra prashasthi nediyedukkukayum cheythukondu ionidesinte bharanakoodathinu eathu viyojipum adichamarthaan athivegam munneraanaayi. ionidesinte bheekarathayude pradhana upakaranam greak milittari poleesaayirunnu (eett/isa, greeka εατ/εσα: ειδικον ανακριτικον τμενιμα ελληνικες στρατιωτικες αστyνομίας ennu vivarthanam cheyyappedunnu "greak milittari poleesinte prathyeka chodyam cheyyal vibhaagam"). ethansile eett/isa peedana kendratthe "greasine virappicha sthalam" ennu visheshippichittundu. eathoru ezz. eiii. eiii. manushyan sainyathile mejarinu thulyanaan" enna janapriya pazhanchollu srishticha, unnatha udyogasthar polum, aareyum arast cheyyaan eett/saik kazhiyum. 1969ll isaykku "asaadhaaranamaaya niyamaparamaaya adikaarangal" nalkunna niyamathil oppuvacha papadopoulose polum 1973ll ionidesinte attimariyude samayat avarkkethire upayogichu. parasyamaayi bharanakooda virudha vikarangal prakadippichatho bharanakoodatthe vimarshicha oru kruthi srishtichatho aaya kalakaaranmaar, chithrakaaranmaar, budhijeevikal ennivare bhakshana/ezz. eiii. sii kendrangalilekku maatti, vimathare bhayappeduthukayum viyojippine bhayappeduthukayum cheythu.
aazhchakalo maasangalo aareyum ariyikkathe bhakshanam kazhikkathe/iii. eiii. eiii. aayi aalukale bandhappedaathe nirthukayum athinusesham greak redu cross vazhi avarude kudumbangalumaayi parimithamaaya ashayavinimayam maathrame anuvadikkoo. erakalude nilavilikal adichamarthunnathinaayi thadankal kendrangalil ninnu uchathilulla samgeetham muzhangi."peedana saankethikavidyakalil urakkamillaayma, pattini, mardanam, kudumbamgangal ulppedunna maanasika blackmayil enniva ulppedunnu. 47 divasathe peedanatthinu sesham jeevithakalam muzhuvan samsarikkaan kazhiyaatha vidhathil bhaagikamaayi thalarnnupoya greak armi mejar spiros mustaqlis anubhavichathupole, peedana sessionukalkk sesham mastishka parikkukal undaakunna tharatthilaayirunnu akramatthinte theevratha.
1974 leeii cypriot attimari parajayappettu.
janangale vijayakaramaayi bhayappeduthiya "janda nova" cypressinte president macarios III nethire sainika attimari nadathikkondu videsanaya abhilaashangal saakshaathkarikkaan shramichu. geonideukalkku vendi attimarikkulla utharavu purappeduvichu gisikikikal, pathivupole, baadhyastharaanu.
akkaalat aarch bishop cypressinte prasidantumaayirunnu macarios. 1974 juulai 15nuu sainika attimariyiloode sthaanabhrashtanaakkappedum pakaram nicos saampsan adhikaaramelkkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum juulai 20 nuu turkey ooppareshan attillayumayi prathikarichathode attimari thirichadichu; cypressinmelulla turkish adhinivesham aarambhichu.
greasin cypressine vendiyulla eee sainika, rashtreeya durantham aayirakkanakkin aalukalude maranathinum lakshakkanakkin greak-cypriot abhayaarthikalkkum kaaranamaayi, greak body raashtreeyathe deerghakaalaadisthaanathil aazhathil aaghaathathilaakki, ezhu varshathinullil ithinakam moonnu attimarikalkk prerippikkukayo pankedukkukayo cheytha ionideukalude avasana vaikkol aayirunnu-aadhunika greak charithratthile oru record-iru rajyangalkkum vinashakaramaaya phalangal.
1974 aakramanaananthara pakshaaghaatham.
cypressinte turkey adhiniveshathinushesham udanthanne, atharamoru vinashakaramaaya phalam pratheekshikkaattha svechaadhipathikal, oduvil ionidesinte sameepanam raajyathinte thaalpparyangalkk vinaashakaramaanennu theerumaanichu.
avarude thudarnnulla pravartthanangalude poornnamaaya kaaranam innum ariyilla. puthiya vishadaamshangal purathuvarumbol avarude uddeshyangalekkurichula vishakalanam kaalakramena mechappedumenkilum cypress samgharshathinteyum sambadvyavasthayudeyum eratta prathisandhikale phalapradamaayi neridaan andrutsopolos sarkkaarin kazhiyillennu sarkkar amgangal manassilakkiyathaayi thonnunnu. rashtreeya asthithwamillaatha oru samghadanayaayi visheshippikkappedunna andrutsopolosinu cypress prathisandhikk manyamaaya oru avasaanam phalapradamaayi charcha cheyyaanulla swaadheenamundaayirunnil. cypress samgharsham phalapradamaayi avasaanippikkaan charchakal nadatthaan kazhiyunna sakthamaaya oru gavanmentinte aavasyakatha president gisikis oduvil manassilakkiyathaayi reportund.
cypress prathisandhiyude athiraavile, greak pothujanangal greesiludaneelamulla soopparmaarkkattukalilum palacharakk kadakalilum akramanam nadathukayum, turkeyumaayi samboornna yuddham nadakkumennu bhayappedukayum, bharanam nadathaanulla bharanakoodatthinte kazhivillaayma manassilakkukayum cheythathum, athupole thanne svechaadhipathyathiludam palaayokomettistas ("pazhaya party samvidaanakkaar" ennartham) enna peril avar paishaachikamaayi chithreekarikkukayum apakeerthippeduthukayum cheytha athe greak janaadhipathya sthaapanathile amgangalumaayi ashayavinimayam nadatthaanum adikaaram keezhadakkaanum bharanakooda amgangal nadatthiya utkandaakulamaaya sramangalil ninnu bharanakoodatthile paribhraanthiyudeyum anishchithathvathinteyum soochanakal vyakthamaayi.
ellas ellinon kristhyaanan" ("kristhyan greekkukaarude grease" ennu vivarthanam cheyyappedunnu) enna mudraavaakyathinu keezhil "pazhaya party samvidaanavumaayum athinte raashtreeyakkaarumaayum yaathoru bandhavumillathe" oru "puthiya grease" (νέα ελάδα) srishtikkaan avar kadinamaayi parishramichu. kaalaharanapetta "pazhaya party samvidaanathile purushanmaar" ennu avar apakeerthippeduthiya athe pazhaya kaavalkkaaran eee kaazhchappaad upekshikkaan avar ippol thayyarayirunnu.
metapolitephsi ennariyappedunna prathibhaasatthinte kendrathilaanu eee vairudhyam. eee vairudhyam pariharikkan sahayikkunna rund parigananakalund. onnamathaayi, thurkkiyumaayulla yuddham aasannamaakaanulla saadhyatha kaaranam sainyathil ninnu rashtreeya bharanathilekkulla parivartthana samayat charchakalkku idamundaayirunnilla. randaamathe kaaranam, yuddha thayyaareduppukalkkidayil aparyapthamaaya samghadana kaanikkukayum aathyanthikamayi cypressine adhiniveshathil ninnu samrakshikkunnathil paraajayappedukayum cheythukondu sainyam oru mekhalayil parajayappettathinaal, avarude rashtreeya swaadheenathil avasheshichathum nashtappettu, athinaal raashtreeyakkaarude aavashyangale prathirodhikkaan avarkk kazhinjilla. randaamathe vairudhyam bharanakooda gadakangalil ninnu sainyathe shudheekarikkunnathile karamanilisinte mandagathiyilulla prathikaranamaayirunnu. akkaalat sainyam raashtreeyamaayi valare durbalamaayirunnuvenkilum, sainyathinullil ippozhum avasheshikkunna syoonda pinthunakkaare illaathaakkunnathil karamaalikal valare jaagrathayode munnott pooyi. randaamathe vairudhyam vishadeekarikkaan kazhiyunnath, cypress prathisandhi kaaranam, akkaalat, sainyathinte manoveeryam kuraykkukayum angane sainyathe durbalappeduthukayum cheiyunna nadapadikalumaayi munnott pookaan karamanilis aagrahichirunnilla enna vasthuthayaan.
bharanakoodangal adikaaram upekshikkunnu.
thurkkikalude cypress adhiniveshathethudarnnu svechaadhipathikal aathyanthikamayi ionideukalum addehathinte nayangalum upekshichu. 1974 juulai 23nuu president gisikis panajiotis canellopolos, spiros marcassinis, stephanos stephanopolos, evanchalose avarof thudangiya pazhaya kaaval raashtreeyakkaarude yogam vilichu. sayudha senayude thalavanmaarum yogathil pankedutthu. raajyathe thiranjeduppilekku nayikkanum athe samayam tarkkiyumaayulla sayudha ettumuttalil ninnu greasine bahumaanaartham verpeduthaanumulla oru deseeya aikya sarkkaarine niyamikkuka ennathaayirunnu ajanda. prathirodham, kramasamadhanam, aabhyantharam ennivayude pradhana manthraalayangal sainyathinte niyanthranathilaayirikkanne gisikkikal aadyam nirddeshichuvenkilum eee ashayam churukkatthil nirasikkapettu.
muun pradhaanamantri panajiotis kaanellopoulosine puthiya idakkaala sarkkaarinte thalavanayi aadyam nirddeshichirunnu. svechaadhipathyam aadyam sthaanabhrashtanaakkiya niyamaanusritha pradhaanamantriyum paappadopoulasineyum addehathinte pingami aavarthichu vimarshicha oru vishishtanaaya muthirnna raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu addeham. cypressinte vadakku bhaagathu ugramaaya yudhangal nadakkukayum greasinte tarkkiyumaayulla athirthi ellah pradhana nagarangalilum greekkukaar theruvilirangukayum cypressile yuddham ejiyan muzhuvan vyaapikkunnathin munbu adikaaram upekshikkaanulla bharanakoodatthinte theerumaanam aaghoshikkukayum cheythappol athu samgharshabharithamaayirunnu. ennaal oru sarkkar roopeekarikkaanulla panaiotis kaanellopoulosinulla gisikkisinte vaagdaanavumaayi ethansile charchakal oridathum pookunnilla.
ennirunnaalum, matellaa raashtreeyakkaarum oru theerumaanathilum ethaathe poya sesham, evanchalose avarof meating roomil thanne thudarnnu. sambhavavikasangal vilayiruthaanum greasylake madangaan abhyarthikkaanum addeham paareesile karamanilisine telephone cheythu, aaa vilikku sesham gisikkikale kooduthal earppeduthi. 1955 muthal 1963 vare greasinte pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna konsttantain karamanlis maathramaan raajyathinakathum puratthum puthiya saahacharyangalum apakadangalum kanakkileduthu vijayakaramaya parivartthana sarkkaarine nayikkaan kazhiyunna oreyoru rashtreeya vyakthithvamennu addeham urappichu paranju. gisikkikalum sayudha senayude thalavanmaarum thudakkathil ethirppu prakadippichenkilum oduvil avarofinte vaadangalaal avarkk bodhyamaayi. pankedukkunna sainika nethaakkalil aadyamaayi karamanilikku pinthuna prakadippichathu admiral araapaakisaan. evarofinte nirnnayakamaaya edapedalinushesham, gisikis thante paarees appaartmentil vachu karamanilisine vilichu thirike varaan abhyarthichu. thudakkathil karamanilis madichuninnuvenkilum greasinte rashtreeya kaaryangalil sainyam inii edapedillennu gisikis addehathodu prathijnjayedutthu. mattu sarkkar amgangal addehathinte prathinjayil gisikkikalumaayi chernnu.
fraansile thante thaamasamiludaneelam, cramenlis bharanakoodatthinte vashathulla oru mullaayirunnu, kaaranam greasilum videshathum avarkk illaatha vishwaasyathayum janapreethy addehathinundaayirunnu, addeham avare palappozhum vimarsikkukayum cheythu.
addehathinte varavu vaartha kettu, athaneeshyan janakkoottam theruvilirangi "ερχεται! oorkkuka!"" avan varunnu!  avan varunnu!"samanamaaya aakhoshangal greasiludaneelam pottipurappettu. pathinaayirakkanakkin ethaneeshyanmaarum addehathe abhivaadyam cheyyaan vimaanathaavalathilethi.
karamanilikal sathyaprathinja cheythu.
1974 juulai 23nuu franch presidentinte adutha suhruthaaya president valeri giscard dii esteing addehathinu labhyamakkiya "mistter 20" jettil vachu karamanlis ethansilekku madangi. 4 eiii.emm. 1974 juulai 24nuu ethansile aarch bishop serafim greasile pradhaanamanthriyaayi karamanlis sathyaprathinja cheythu, chadangil gisikkikalum pankedutthu. thudarnnu, niyamaparamaaya thudarcha kaaranangalal gisikikal thaalkkaalikamaayi adhikaarathil thudarnnu.
thirichethiyathinushesham niravadhi aazhchakal naavika distroyer nireekshichirunna oru yaattil urangaan nirbandhithanaaya antharleenamaaya asthiravum apakadakaravumaaya rashtreeya sahacharyam nerittengilum, cypress prathisandhiyethudarnnu yudhathinte vakkilethiya grease turkey thammilulla pirimurukkam laghookarikkaanum sainika bharanathil ninnu bahuswarata janaadhipathyathilekkula parivartthana prakriya aarambhikkaanum karamanlis athivegam neengi.
metapolithefsy.
janaadhipathyavalkkaranathinth thanthram.
metapolitefsiyilekki nayicha sambhavangalum greak rashtreeya saamoohika sthaapanangalude parambaraagatha balaheenathakalum janaadhipathyathilekkula samagramaya thanthrathinu anukoolamaayirunnilla. thaazhe ninnu" oru parivartthana thanthram aavishkarikkaan pourasamooham thayyarayirunnilla, rashtreeya manoharita undaayirunnittum prathirodha grouppukal vighadippikkappettu. athinaal parivartthana prakriya oru "mukalil ninnu" padhathiyaayi maari, athinte bharam karamanilikalude chumalil veezhendivannu.
bharanakoodathaal nirantharam paishaachikavalkkarikkappettu communist party oof greasine (kke) aadyamaayi niyamavidheyamaakkiya karamanilis, eee rashtreeya neekkam bharanakoodatthinte eakaadhipathyavaadathe vanchicha vishayathil bharanakoodatthinte kaadinyavum varshangalolam janadhipathyam anushttichukondu bahumanikkappetta swantham yadhaartha rashtreeya sameepanavum thammilulla vyathyaasamaayi upayogichu. communist party niyamavalkkaranam rashtreeya ulcherkkalinteyum anuranjanathinteyum aamgyamaayum uddeshichirunnu. athesamayam, ellah rashtreeya thadavukaareyum karamanli mochippikkukayum bharanakoodatthinethiraaya ellah rashtreeya kuttakrithyangalkkum mapp nalkukayum cheythu. eee sameepanathe janangal ooshmalamaayi sweekarichu, bharanakooda vibhajana vivaadangalil deerghakaalamaayi thalarnnu. thante anuranjana prameyathe thudarnnu, sarkkar bureaucrasiyil avar vahichirunna sthaanangalil ninnu svechaadhipathyathinte sahakaarikaleyum niyamikkunnavareyum neekkam cheiyunnathinulla oru alavatta sameepanavum addeham sweekarichu, koodaathe greak raashtreeyathile puthiya janaadhipathya yugam ethrayum vegam audyogikamaayi udghaadanam cheyyaan aagrahichu, "kenalukalude bharanam" thakarnn verum naalu maasathinu sesham 1974 novemberil thiranjeduppu nadakkumennu prakhyaapichu. koodaathe, bharanakoodavumaayulla bandham moolam apakeerthippeduthiya theevra valathupakshavum niyamaanusrithamaaya rashtreeya avakashavum thammil verthirichariyaan karamanilis aagrahichu. bharanaghadanaa virudha reethikal upayogichu adhikara durviniyogathe paarlamentari avakasham amgeekarichilla ennathinte sakthamaaya soochanayaayirunnu bharanaghadanaa vichaaranakalum thudarnnulla pradhana bharanaghadanaa amgangalkkethiraaya kadinamaaya shikshaavidhikalum. athesamayam, naattoyude sainika bhaagath ninnu pinmariya karamanlis, greasile american aikyanaadukalude sainika thaavalangalekkurichu chodyangal unnayichu, greasinte ithuvare sakthamaaya padinjaaran sakhyathinu anukoolamaaya aabhimukhyam inii nalkiyittillenn karutharuth enna sakthamaaya soochana nalkukayum cypressinte turkish adhiniveshathil athinte sakhyakakshikalude nishkriyathvathodulla greasinte athrupthi soochippikkukayum cheythu. bharanakoodakaalathu maravippicha europian unionilekkulla greasinte aarohanathin munganana nalkukayum athu vijayikkukayum cheythukondu americaye aasrayikkunna greasinte durbalappedutthalinum karamanlis soochana nalki. europian unionile greasinte amgathvam prolsaahippikkunnathi prachaarana velayil addehathinte mudraavaakyam "grease padinjaaran rajyakkaaranaanu" ennathaayirunnu.
pathittaandukalaayi nilaninnirunna spanish, porchugees athiraalikalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol greak svechaadhipathyathinte thaarathamyena hrasvamaaya kaalayalav janaadhipathya bharanathilekkulla drutha parivarthanatthinu vazhiyorukki. metapolitephsiykku sheshamulla sayudha senayude janaadhipathyavalkkaranathinu sambhavana nalkia greak sainyathile janaadhipathya udyogasthar ulppedeyulla janaadhipathya shakthikaleyum cypress durantham shaaktheekarichu. karamanlisinte sarkkar 1968leeii bharanaghadanaa bharanaghadana raddaakkukayum athinu pakaram 1952leeii adisthaana niyamam konduvarikayum, thanthraparamaaya sthaanangalil sainika nethaakkalude niyamanam sivilian bharanathiloode nadathanamenna vyavasthayode parishkarikkukayum cheythu. 1974 novemberile niyamasabha thiranjeduppil, cramonlis thante puthuthayi roopeekaricha yaadhaasthithika partyumaayi chernnu, yaadrishchikamaayi puthiya janadhipathyam ennu perittilla (νέα δηνηνοκρατία, engleeshil "neo democrasia" ennu lipyantharanam cheyyappettu) valia paarlamentari bhooripaksham nedukayum pradhaanamanthriyaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. thiranjeduppukalkku thottupinnaale rajavaazhcha nirthalaakkunnathinum moonnaamathe hellenic republic sthaapikkunnathinumulla 1974 leeii hitaparisodhana nadannu.
1975 januvariyil sarkkar amgangale audyogikamaayi arast cheyyukayum athe varsham august aadyam konstaantinos karamanlis sarkkar georgios paappadopoulosinum mattu pathonpathu sainika sarkkar goodaalochanakkaarkkum ethire valia raajyadrohathinum kalaapathinum keseduthu. greasinte neuremberg" ennu visheshippikkappedunna kootta vichaarana kanatha surakshayil corridalos jayilil nadakkukayum televisionil sampreshanam cheyyukayum cheythu. submussin thokkukalumaayi ayiram sainikar suraksha nalki. jaililekku pookunna roadukalil taankukal patrolling nadathiyirunnu. paappadopoulosinum ionide valia raajyadrohakkuttam chumatthi vadhasiksha vidhichu. eee shiksha pinneedu karamanali sarkkar jeevaparyanthamaayi kurachu.<ruffer neyim = "vidhi <aii. dii. 2>"> anchu anga appeel kodathiyude theerumaanam <aii. dii. 2>, athu kaaseshan kodathi sharivachu (vidhi <aii. dii. 1>). paantelis antonis, coutsompinas stephanos, gerosis triantaphylos (ads), "bharanaghadanaa charithratthinte grandhangal", II, eathans antonis sakaulaas, 1993, peju kaanuka. 1113. eee vichaaranaye thudarnnu ethans polytechnic kalaapathinte sambhavangale kendreekarichulla randaamathe vichaarana nadannu.
1990ll konstaantinos mitsotaakkis sarkkar sarkkar prinsippalmaarkk pothumaapp nalkaanulla padhathi yaadhaasthithikarudeyum soshyalistukaludeyum kammyoonistukaludeyum prathishedhathetthudarnnu raddaki. 1999ll corridallosil ninnu mattiyathinushesham papadopoulose ashupathriyil vachu marichu, 2010ll marikkunnathuvare ionideukal thadavilaayirunnu.
puthuthayi thiranjedukkappetta hellenic paarlament 1975leeii bharanaghadana amgeekarichathode janaadhipathya bharanathinte puthiya yugam gambheeramaayi. karadu bharanaghadana nirddeshicha paarlamentari kammittiyude adhyakshan academic vidagthanum muun mantriyum 1975 muthal 1980 vare greasinte aadya thiranjedukkappetta presidentaayi (metapolitephsiykku sesham) sevanamanushticha karamanalisinte uttasuhrithumaaya konstaantain thsaatsos aayirunnu.
parivarthanatthinu sheshamulla aadya varshangal.
1974-ll nadanna aadyathe bharanananthara swatantra thiranjeduppil 300-ll 220 seettukalumaayi karamanlisinte puthiya janadhipathyam sukhakaramaayi vijayichu, sentar union 60 seettukal nedi, riyas paappandroovinte panhelenic soshyalist movement (pasok) 12 seettukal nedi, athesamayam aikya idathupaksha paarlamentil 8 seettukal nedi. 1974-leeii karamanlisinte valia vijayam thaarathamyena nishkriyavum ennaal ippozhum apakadakaravumaaya bharanakooda gadakangalkku nadapadiyedukkaan kaaranamavaathe greak raashtreeyathil valia maattam prakadamaakki. moonnu varshathinu sesham, 1974leeii prathisandhi kooduthal pashchaathalatthil, 1977leeii greak niyamanirmmaana thiranjeduppil greak raashtreeyathil idathuvashathekkulla vardhichuvarunna maattam kaaranam puthiya janaadhipathyathinte sukhakaramaaya antharam kuranju. 1980 meyy 10 vare pradhaanamanthriyaayi thudarnna karamanlis, greasinte presidentaayi thsaatsosinte pingamiyaayi thudarnnu, thudarnnu thante kadutha rashtreeya ethiraaliyum nethaavumaaya pasco, greak soshyalist party, pradhaanamantri andreas papendru ennivarodoppam naalu varsham (1981-1985) thaamasichu.
pasok vishadeekaricha raashtreeyavum saamoohikavumaaya kaazhchappaadukal enn. dii. yude (<aii. dii. 1>) yaadhaasthithika sarkkar pinthudarnna kendra-valathu nayangalkk virudhamaayirunnu. inoo afentauliyude abhipraayathil, mettaapolittefsiyude rashtreeya aavishkaaram, athaayath karamanilisineppolulla oru yaadhaasthithika nethaavinte adhikaarathilethal, athinidayil greak samoohathinu sambhavicha mattangalumaayi poruthappedunnilla. athuvazhi, eee pravaham palappozhum enn. dii. sarkkaarukale ethirkkukayum, puthiya sakthikal (athinte nethaavu georgios mavrose) prakadippicha pazhaya madhyavarga rashtreeya varenyavargathe avahelikkukayum 1981 leeii thiranjeduppil pasokkinteyum papendroovinteyum adhikaarathilekkulla uyarchaykku prerippikkukayum cheythu. 1974 muthal papendru karamanlisinte thiranjeduppukale velluvilikkukayum 1974 nuu sheshamulla janaadhipathyathe nirvachikkunnathil addehathinte aadhipathya pankine ethirkkukayum cheythu, athesamayam prathipakshatthinte mattu rashtreeya sakthikalaaya sentar union-nyoo fozhsukalum edayum idaykkide addehathinu asthiramaaya pinthuna vaagdaanam cheythu, prathyekichu aii. dii. 1 samayat.
1981leeii thiranjeduppil papandroo "maattam" (greeka "αλαγι") enna mudraavaakyamaayi upayogichu. afentauli ulppedeyulla chila vishakalana vidagdhar, papendroovinu keezhilulla pasokkinte vijayam 1974 leeii mettaapolittefsiyude paryavasaanamaayi kanakkakkunnu, kaaranam bharanakoodatthinte pathanam puthiya rashtreeya shakthikalude uyarchayodoppamalla, marichu pazhaya kaaval raashtreeyakkaarude adikaaram punaraarambhichathaanu.
ennirunnaalum, janaadhipathyathinte vijayakaramaya punasthaapanatthinum aadyam communist party niyamavidheyamaakkiyathiloodeyam greasil presidential janaadhipathya samvidaanam sthaapichathiloodeyum rund valia deseeya bhinnathakal pariharikkunnathinum karamanlis amgeekarikkappedunnu. bharanaghadanaa vichaaranakalil addeham jandaye vijayakaramaayi vichaarana cheyyukayum janda prinsippalukalkk chumathiya kanatha shikshaavidhikal sainyathinte bharanaghadanaa lamghanangalil ninnulla prathirodhatthinte yugam avasaanichuvennu sainyathin oru sandesham nalkukayum cheythu. europian ekeekaranathekkurichulla karamanlisinte nayavum grease america thammilulla pithrthvaparamaaya bandham avasaanippichathaayi amgeekarikkappedunnu.

