
ashayavinimaya marggangal

oru vivara ayachayaalum vivara sweekarthaavum enna nilayil parasparam ashayavinimayam nadatthaanum vivarangal kaimaran aalukal ashayavinimaya marggangal upayogikkunnu.
pothuvaaya vivarangal.
ashayavinimayathil naam niravadhi vyathyastha vasthukkal upayogikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, ningalude lakshyasthaanathu engane athicheraam ennathinekkurichulla maduppikkunna vishadeekaranangal maappukal samrakshikkunnu. athinaal aalukal thammilulla ashayavinimayam eluppamaakkunnathinum kooduthal manassilakkunnathinum ellaattinumupariyaayi kooduthal vyakthatha varuthunnathinumulla oru maarggamaan ashayavinimaya maarggam. dainamdina bhashayil, "ashayavinimaya maarggam" enna padam palappozhum maadhyamavumaayi thulyamaanu. ennirunnaalum, maadyama padanangalil "meediyam" enna padam dhaaraalam aashayangale soochippikkaan upayogikkunnu, avayil chilath dainamdina upayogavumaayi poruthappedunnilla.
ayachavanum sweekarthaavum thammilulla ashayavinimayathinum angane vivarangal kaimarunnathinum ashayavinimaya marggangal upayogikkunnu. aashayavinimayathinte gadakangalil aashayavinimayathin kaaranamakunna oru sambhavam, ayachayaalum sweekarthaavum, oru "ashayavinimaya maarggam", oru "ashayavinimaya paatha", "aashayavinimayathinte ulladakkangal" enniva ulppedunnu. sandeshamayakkunnavanum sweekarthaavum thammilulla yaathrayaan ashayavinimaya paatha; shrenikalil "aashayavinimayathinte lambamaya varii" command shrenikalkku samaanamaan. aashayavinimayathinte pathakal "bhauthika" (udha.jii. gathagatha maarggamaayi rooad) allengil "bhouthikamallaatha" (udha.jii. computer network polulla netvarkkukal). "aashayavinimayathinte ulladakkangal" udaaharanathinu photography, daatta, graphics, bhasha allengil teksts aakam.
ashayavinimaya marggangal idungiya ardhathil vivarangal kaimarunna saankethika upakaranangale soochippikkunnu. indriyangaliloode manassilakkaanum yadhaarthathil oraalil ninnu mattoraalilekku sanjarikkukayum avaye punarnirmikkaan kazhiyukayum cheiyunna aashayavinimayathinte ulladakkangalude prakadanangalaanu avaa.
padatthinte charithram.
pathonpathaam noottaand vare eee padam pradhaanamaayum gathaagathathinum korearukalkkum railway, roadukal, kanaalukal thudangiya gathagatha, gathagatha maargangalkkum baadhakamaayirunnu, ennaal poost ridermar steju kochukalum ulppeduthaanum ithu upayogichirunnu. 1861-ll deseeya saambathika shaasthranjanaaya albert shaffle, pathrangal, telegraph, meyil, corrier sevanangal, panamayaykkal upadesham, invoiceukal, charakkukaludeyum saambathika sevanangaludeyum vitharanathinulla sahaayamaayi ashayavinimaya maarggathe nirvachichu.
thudarnnulla kaalayalavil, "ashayavinimayathinulla saankethika marggangal" kooduthal kooduthal munpanthiyil vannathinaal 1895-ll thanne jarmman pathramaya "duchs vochenblat" eee saankethika ashayavinimaya marggangal "lokamembaadumulla ellaavarum nammude ayalkkaraayi mariyirikkunnu" enna nilayil mechappeduthiyathaayi report cheythu.
irupathaam noottaand vare "meediyam" enna padam eee saankethika ashayavinimaya maarggangalude paryayamaayirunnu. 1920kalil "bahujana maadyamangal" enna padam kooduthal janapriyamakaan thudangi.
vyathyastha tharam.
vaakkalulla", "ezhuthiya", "vivarangalude screen-ooriyantad kaimaattam", "document transport" enniva thammil oru vyathyasam varuthaam
innu upayogikkaatha ashayavinimaya marggangal eee pattikayil paraamarsikkunnundu.
koodaathe, iva thammil oru vyathyasam varuthaam
sankeernamaaya ardhathil ashayavinimayathinulla marggangal saankethika aashayavinimayamaanu.
kambanikalil (bisinasukal, ejansikal, sthaapanangal) aashayavinimayathinte saadhaarana maarggangalil vishakalanangal, bisinesses kesukal, uchithamaaya shradhaapoorvamulla avalokanangal, saambathika vishakalanangal, foomukal, bisinesses modalukal, saadhyataa padanangal, shaasthreeya prasidheekaranangal, karaarukal enniva ulppedunnu.
swaabhaavika ashayavinimaya marggangal allengil "praadhamika maadyamangal" (maadyama padanangal kaanuka) iva ulppedunnu
ashayavinimaya sidhaantham.
ashayavinimaya marggangal palappozhum ashayavinimaya maathrkakalil vyathyasthamaan
bhaviyil ashayavinimaya margamenna nilayil maadyamangal verthirichariyappedum
maadhyamasamooham.
oresamayam allengil eathaandu oresamayam ayaykkunnavaril ninnu onno athiladhikamo sweekarthaakkalil athicherunnathine bahujana maadyamangal soochippikkunnu. 
avayude vishalamaaya vyaapanam kaaranam, bhooribhaagam janangalkkum ore vivarangal nalkaan bahujana maadyamangal anuyojyamaanu.

