
jorj enn.

pathinezhaam noottaandile oru engleesh shaasthranjanaayirunnu jorjju enttu (6 november 1604-13 october 1689).
jeevacharitram.
1604 november 6 nuu kentile saandvichilaanu entu janichathu. beljian kudiyettakkaaranaaya josias entinteyum (chilappol joonn entu ennu vilikkappedunnu) bhaarya judithinteyum makanaayirunnu addeham; mathaparamaya peedanam ozhivakkaan flandezhs kaundiyile newcharchil ninnaan sandwichinte entu (allengil ente) kudumbam vannath. jorjju entinte pithaav 1629 joolaiyil marichu, amma 1650ll marichu.
kuttikkaalathu, entu vallachiyayileyum rotterdamileyum schoolil pooyi, pakshe englandile collegil chernnu. 1624 eprilil addeham kolejilekku pookukayum 1627ll cambridgile sidney sussex collegil ninnu bii. eiii. yum naalu varshathinu sesham amayum nedi. sidneyil ninnu birudam nediya sesham addeham anchu varsham paduva sarvakalashaalayil chelavazhichu 1636 ll emm. dii nedi.
1639 juun 25nuu sarr jorj entu royal koleju oof physiciansinte fello aakukayum jeevithakalam muzhuvan fello aayi thudarukayum cheythu. koodaathe, 1645 muthal 1669 vare (1650,1652,1658 ennee varshangalil sevanathil vidavukalode) sensoraayum 1655 muthal 1670 vare rajistraaraayum 1667 muthal 1669 vareyum 1676 muthal 1686 vareyum konsiliyeriyasaayum sevanamanushtichu. 1670ll royal koleju oof physiciansinte presidentaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum anchu varsham aaa sthaanam vahikkukayum cheythu. 1682 august 17num 1684 meyy 28num addeham sevanamanushtichu. 1663 epril 22nuu royal sosaittiyilekk oru yadhaartha fello aayi thiranjedukkappettu.
1646 october 10nuu royal kolejile muun president doow. .
oru ezhuthukaaran, pandithan, shareeraghadanashaasthranjan ennee nilakalilum addeham ariyappettirunnu. asaadhaaranamaaya vagmiyaayi addeham parakke ariyappettirunnu, prathyekichu laattin bhashayil. addeham niravadhi pusthakangal rachichu, avayil ettavum pradhanam orupakshe addehathinte "shamaapanam" aanu, ithu ithuvare prasidheekaricha aadyathe pusthakamaanu. koodaathe, addeham shareeraghadanayekkurichu padikkukayum prabhashanangal nadathukayum cheythu. 1665ll royal koleju oof physicianile addehathinte shareeraghadana prabhashanangal athe varsham eprilil naitt padavi nalkia chaals randaaman rajaavu nireekshichu. royal kolejinullil oru manushyan yadhaarthathil naitt padavi nalkia oreyoru udaaharanamaanithu.
irupathiyaaru varshangalkk sesham janichenkilum, rakthachamkramanam kandethiyathil ettavum prashasthanaaya vilyam haarviyude adutha suhruthaayirunnu enttu. paduvayil ninnu birudam nediyathinu thottupinnaale venesilaanu enttu harvy kandumuttiyath. harveyude prachara sidhaanthathe prathirodhikkunna addehathinte "shamaapanam" aayirunnu, koodaathe entu edittu cheyyukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheytha addehathinte "dii janareshan animarium" puratthirakkaan harvy bodhyappeduthiyathinte bahumati addehathinundu.
petrified maram kondu nirmmicha oru table topp ulppede phoosil cheytha thadi maathrkakal ayacha cassiano dall posoyumaayulla kathidapaadukalkkum entu ariyappedunnu. avaye rajakeeya samoohathinu kaanichukodutthu, avide avaa fosilukalude uthbhavathil thaalparyam vardhippichu.
1689 october 13 nuu 84-aamm vayassil sent gails-inn-dhii-feeldile veettil vachu addeham antharichu.
pravartthanangalum sidhaanthangalum.
jorjju entinte praadhaanyam pradhaanamaayum mattullavarude kruthikalkku addeham nalkia sambhaavanakalilaan, prathyekichu addehathinte vimarsanangalil. vilyam haarviyude ettavum adutha suhruthukkaliloraalayum aadya prathirodhakaraayum addeham ariyappedunnu, koodaathe shareeraghadanayekkurichulla padanatthil haarviyude pingaamikalil oralaayi addeham kanakkaakkappedunnu. entinte ettavum ariyappedunna sidhaanthangal harveyude pravartthanatthe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, athesamayam entinte backie pravartthanangal vishalamaaya arivu vyaapichukidakkunnu.
"sopia proo sarkkuleshan sanguins".
vivarthanam "rakthachamkramanathinu vendi prathirodham".
1641ll ezhuthiya "mapp choria proo sarkkuleshan sangunis", shareeraghadanayekkurichulla entinte ettavum pradhanappetta kruthiyaanu, vilyam harveyude "dii mottu cordis" ("rakthachamkramanathekkurichulla") enna pusthakatthinte sidhaanthangale prathirodhikkukayum emilius paareesiyansinte vimarsanangalodu nerittu prathikarikkukayum cheiyunnu. entinte swantham shareeraghadana sidhaanthangalude gunanilavaarathilum harveyude srishtiyude aadya aazhathilulla prathirodhangalilonn vaagdaanam cheythathilum eee pusthakam praadhaanyamarhikkunnu.
mapp" ennathil, rakthachamkramanathekkurichulla harveyude sidhaanthangalekkurichu vishadeekarikkunnu, oru "poshaka draavakam" njarambukaliloode kadannupokunnathiloode shareerathe poshippikkunnuvennu soochippikkunnu. naadeevyavasthayekkurichu thante charchayil swaabhaavikamaaya choodu, shwasanam ennivayekkurichulla joonn maayoyude sidhaanthangale entu aakarshikkunnu. harveyude kruthikalkku purame, puraathanavum samakalikavumaaya srothassukale entu paraamarsikkunnu, prathyekichu ippol nigoodamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna vishayangal charcha cheiyunna ezhuthukaare paraamarsikkunnu, avare harvy thallikkalanju.
"malaachiyayude thrastoniyil sajeevamaaya animad varshans".
vivarthanam "allengil malachi thrasttaninethiraaya nireekshanangal".
malachias threastoniyile sivu animad varshans" ennathil malachi threastoninte shwasanathekkurichulla sidhaanthangalekkurichu entu vishakalanam adangiyirikkunnu. nyayamaaya vimarsanam ulkkollumbol, eee kruthiyil munnottuvaykkunna yadhaartha sidhaanthangal addehathinte shamaapanathil prakadippichathilum appurathekku pookunnilla, ithu eee kruthiye oru yadhaartha padaprayogamenna nilayil kshamaapanathekkaal praadhaanyam kuraykkunnu.
shareeraghadanayekkurichulla prabhashanangal.
1665ll royal koleju oof physiciansil anattamiyekkurichu niravadhi prabhashanangal nalki. engleeshil prabhashanakkurippukal avasheshippicha rund prabhashakaril oralaayi addeham ariyappedunnu. eprilil rajaavu pankeduttha oru prabhaashanathinu sesham addehathinu naitt padavi labhichu.
mattu jolikal.
"maantissa anatamica" "shareeraghadanayekkurichulla entinte moonnu padanangal samyojippikkunnu-" "lophius", "" "gallius", "" "raana". 1650kalil shareeraghadanayekkurichulla vishalamaaya padanatthinte bhaagamaayi addeham iva koottichertthu, athu orikkalum yaadhaarthyamaayilla.
1637-1655 ll ninnu, phoosil maravumaayi bandhapetta cassiano dall posoyumaayi entu bandhappettirikkunnu.
1687-ll entinte jeevithaavasaanathoduthu prasidheekaricha "ooppara oomniya medico-physica" ("ellah medical-physical kruthikalum") entinte kruthikalude oru shekharam ulkkollunnu.
entinte shaasthravirudhamaaya kruthikalil niravadhi vishayangal ulppedunnu. "mathatthile aikyathinte adisthaanam" enna engleesh gavanmentinteyum englandile sabhayudeyum bandhathekkurichulla abhipraayangal, raashtreeyavum mathaparavumaya chattakkoodumaayi vividha vishwaasangalile aalukalude nilapad charcha cheiyunnu. "keyroyil kozhi viriyikkunna reethi", addeham joonn gravesumaayi sahakarichu, muttakal viriyaan nirbandhithamaakkunnathinna aduppukalil ninnulla choodu upayogikkunna oru reethiye vivarikkunnu.