marjori madhuram

kaarst prathibhasangalil vaidagdhyam nediya oru britiish jiomorphologistaayirunnu marjori merii sweeting (28 februvari 1920-31 desember 1994 ooksfoordil). grease, austreliya, checoslovakia, yunaittad stetts, canada, dakshinaafrikka, belees, prathyekichu chaina thudangiya sthalangalilekku lokamembaadum sanjarichukondu vividha bhooprakrithikaleyum bhooprakrithiyeyum kurichu madhurapalahaarangal vipulamaaya arivu nediyirunnu. 1977ll aarambhicha niravadhi varshathe pravarthanangalkku sesham avar "kaarst landforms" (mcmillan 1972), "kaarst inn chaina ittu geomorphology aandu envayonment" (springer 1995) enniva prasidheekarichu. randaamathethu chainayude kaarstinekkurichulla aadyathe samagramaya paashchaathya vivaranamaan, chainayil, purusha aadipathyamulla mekhalayil polum carstinecurichu aadyamaayi prasidheekaricha paashchaathya kruthikalilonnaanu ithu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1920ll jorjju scotland sweettinginteyum bhaarya ellen louisa lidiardinteyum makanayi fulhamil marjori meeii sweeting janichu. avarkk sahodarangalillaayirunnu. kuttikkaalathu avalude pithaav jii.ezz. landanile imperial kolejile jiyolaji lakchararaayirunnu sweeting.
avarude secondary vidyaabhyaasam mayfield skoolilaanu nadannathu, pinneedu 1941 ll cambridgile neunham collegil ninnu birudam nedi. 1942ll kembridjile neunham collegil oru varshathekku carolin turl research fello aayi amgeekarikkappedukayum pinneedu 1945ll marian kennady gaveshanathinaayi madangukayum cheythu. dhii landforms oonn carboniferous chunnaambukallu oof dhii ingelbero distrikt industryile" enna prabandhathinu avarkk doktarettu labhichu.dablyu. 1948ll yorkshare.
feeld varkk, conferencing, adthyaapanam ennivayodulla abhiniveshathinoppam, yaatra, ooppara, sports kaanal, vinodam enniva aasvadichu.kammyoonittiyile sajeeva amgamaayathinaal atharam paripaadikalil pankedukkunnathu aasvadichathinaal kembridge vanita neela boatil sweeting cheythu.
1994ll 74-aamm vayassil cancer baadhichu maricha marjori sweeting, avarude shareeram enstoon graamatthil samskarichu. marjoric jeevichirikkunna bandhukkal illaayirunnu, ekkaaranathaal avalude estettu sent. hyoos koleju, ooksfoordile neunham koleju, royal geographic sosaitti, kembridge.
currier.
1987-ll marjori sweeting ooksfoord sarvakalaashaalayile bhoomishaasthrathile vaayanakkariyaayi viramichu.
sent hyoos koleju <aii. dii. 2> (emeritus) leeii fello tutor ooksfoord sarvakalaashaalayile lacturer reader koodiyaayirunnu avar. 1948-ll, sweeting oru phd sthaanaarthiyaayi maari, "ingelbero jillayile carboniferous chunnaambukallukalude bhooprakrithiye adisthaanamaakki thante prabandham ezhuthi.dablyu. yorkshare ". 
1951ll marjori sweettingine sent. hugs koleju, 1983-ll avar skoolinte acting head aayi thiranjedukkappettu. kaarstukalekkurichu padicha aadyathe paashchaathya-jiyolajistaayirunnu marjori sweeting. athinte falamaayi avar puratthirakkiya patanam, gaveshanam, vishakalanam enniva avishwasaneeyamaamvidham janapriyamaayi, kaaranam avarude ashayangal ippozhum vikasippikkukayum puthuthayi varunna bhoomishaasthranjar padikkukayum cheiyunnu. 
internaashanal geographical yooniyante kaarst commissionil sevanamanushticha sweeting, avide "kaarstil manushyante swaadheenam" enna peril oru puthiya padhathiyil pravartthikkaan vannu. koodaathe, kaarst nishedhathinte chumatala vahichirunna anthaaraashtra speliological unione pinthunaykkunnathinaayi gorden vaarvikkinoppam sweeting pravarthichu. 1977 muthal 1978 vare "gunung muluvilekkulla paryaveshanam" enna peril oru paryaveshanatthil oru neethaavaayirunnu marjory mattoru nettam. royal geographical sosaittiyude landfom aandu hydrology sarveyude prograam directoraayirunnu avar. mannolippinte vegathayum bhoomadhyarekhayilulla oru vanathil bhoomi ethra vegathil roopappedunnuvennum nireekshikkunnathinaayi eee paryavekshanam nadannu. kaarst bhooprakrithiyude aakruthi, bhoomishaasthraparamaaya niyanthranam, bhooprakrithiyude apakeerthippeduthal nirakkukal ennivayilaanu madhuratthinte aadyakaala pravarthanangalil bhooribhaagavum shradha kendreekarichirunnathu. koodaathe, nirakkukalilulla thante muun thaalparyam upayogichu, kalavastha nirakkukal niyanthrikkumbol dhaathuvinjaanathinte praadhaanyam sthaapikkaanum jamaikkayileyum puerto recoyileyum feeld padanangalilum vishakalanathilum sahayikkaanum avar sahayichu. kaarst landforms" (mcmillan 1972) enna avarude pusthakatthil avarude vipulamaaya yaathrakalude samanvayavum, avarudeyum avarude gaveshana vidyaarthikaludeyum pravartthanangalum, chunnaambukallu patana mekhalayile pradhana gaveshakarumaayulla avarude sahakaranavum charchakalum adangiyirikkunnu. kaarst padanatthile akkaalathe oru maanadandamaayi eee pusthakam kanakkaakkappedunnu, prathyekichum swaadheenamullathaanu, kaaranam athinte prasidheekaranathinu sesham, chaina gaveshanathinulla oru mekhalayaayi thurannu, brittanile palarum sweettinginte "gunung muluvilekkulla paryaveshanathinu" (sweeting, 1978) munbu chainayile chunnaambukallu kaarsttukalude paintingukaludeyum photographukaludeyum aadambarathil vishwasichirunnilla.
geomorphology mikacha daaranayullathinaal marjori sweeting oru pramukha britiish geomorphologist professorumaanu. chunnaambukallu bhooprakrithiyekkurichulla bhoomishaasthraparamaaya daaranakal mechappeduthunnathinaayi pinneedu nadanna puthiya ashayangalum ashayangalum charcha cheyyaan avar nirantharam thayyarayirunnu. jiolajiyude avibhajyamaaya oru vasham prathyakshamaaya lokathekkurichulla samagravum kendreekrithavumaaya vishakalanamaan. bhoomiyude puramthottile paleosoic, mesosoic, senosoic paalikalekkurichulla bodhapoorvamaaya nireekshanamaanu grahatthile charitraparamaaya sambhavangal velippeduthunnathu, athu mathiyaya katha nirmmikkunnathin parasparabandhithamaakum. avarude abhinivesham aakarshikkukayum topographic, geophysical gaveshanathilekku aakarshikkukayum cheythathinaal marjori sweeting krithyamaayi ithil professionalaayi. aazhathil vishakalanam cheyyaathatho eee bhoumashaasthram upayogikkaathatho aaya chila mekhalakalekkurichulla bhoomishaasthra saahityam avar puratthirakki, udaaharanathinu chainayile kaarst pradeshangal. kaarst inn chaina" enna avarude pusthakatthile udharani, kaarst prathibhaasangalkk avar melpparanja ashayangal engane upayogichuvennu kaanikkunnu, "chaina playin, proterosoic-midu-oordivishiyanil ninnulla carbonate parakal aayirakkanakkin meter senosoic stharangalaal kuzhichittirikkunnu. pothinja kaarstil, layikkunna paarakalile kaarst savisheshathakal ekeekarikkappedaathatho loss avashishtangalaal moodappettirikkunnu.chainees bhooprakrithiyil avar samagramaya bhoomishaasthra thathwangal prayogikkunnathu vyakthavum avalude vijayathin vazhiyorukkukayum cheythu. avarude gaveshanam puthiyathum samagravum valare nannayi vishadeekarikkappettathumaayu. sweetinginu prathyeka thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, koodaathe kaarst prathibhasangalil valareyadhikam thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, athu avalude pusthakatthile udharaniyil hrasvamaayi soochippichirunnu. mazha, sunami, vellapokkam, nadiyude ozhukk thudangiya samriddhamaaya jalasrothassukalumaayi sanbarkkam pularthiya oru bhooprakrithiyude avasthaye eee ashayam vishadeekarikkukayum nireekshikkukayum cheiyunnu. atharamoru pradeshatthinte aditharayil bhoothakaalathe vividha sambhavangal moolamundaakunna thakaraarukalum mattu nuzhanjukayatangalum undu. nicolas steno vikasippichedutha, cross cutting bandhangal upayogichu ithu nyaayeekarikkukayum manassilakkukayum cheiyunnu. adisthaanaparamaayi, vellam valanjupokukayum eee adithattukalude villalukalilekku agiranam cheyyappedukayum cheiyunnu, athinte falamaayi bhoogarbha jalam layikkunnathinte nerittulla falamaayi oru bhooprakrithi roopappedunnu. avishwasaneeyamaamvidham vishadamaayathum nannayi ezhuthappettathumaaya thante pusthakamaaya "kaarst inn chaina" yill, enthukondaanu eee prathibhasam chainaykku krithyamaayi baadhakamaakunnathenn avar sookshumamaayi vivarichu, "chaina eshyayude valia pindatthinte bhagamaayathinaal, lokathile ettavum valia chila nadikalaal athu ozhukunnu. . . avayude poshakanadikal valia alavil vellam thaazheyirakkukayum kaarstik bhoopradeshathekku aazhathilulla malayidukkukal murichumaattaan kazhiyukayum cheythu.eee prathibhasangalil avalkk kanthika thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, bhoomishaasthraparamaayi verpiriyaan aval aagrahichilla, angane pilkkalangalil thante gaveshanam munnott kondupokaan avalkk chainayilekku thamasam maari.
sweeting thante kariyariludaneelam chunnaambukallilum kaarst landscapeukalilum vaidagdhyamulla ezhupathiladhikam pusthakangalum prabandhangalum prasidheekarichu, athil avalude yathrakal avale lokamembaadumulla niravadhi cytukalilekku kondupoyi. englandu, ireland, yugoslavia, jamaikka, swalbard, tasmania, austreliya, canada, nyoosiland, chaina, borneo, maleshya, dakshinaafrikka, tibatt ennivayaanu eee sittukal.marjori sweeting vividha kaalaavasthakalile kaarstukal engane roopappedunnuvennu padikkukayum upa-dhruva, eerppamulla ushnamekhalaa kaalaavasthakalil ninnu avaye tharamthirikkukayum cheythu. kattiyulla chunnaambukallukalude valia vyaapthi ulla austreliyayil polulla kaalaavasthayil chunnaambukallukal pathivayi kaanapedunnu. 
viramichathinusesham, marjori sweeting chainayil thante gaveshanam thudarnnu, athu "kaarst inn chaina itts geomorphology aandu envayonment" ennathil paryavasaanichu, avarude maranashesham taamasiyaathe 1995 ll marananantharamaayi prasidheekaricha kaiyezhuthuprathi. chainayude kaarstinekkurichulla aadyathe samagramaya paashchaathya vivaranamaanith, munbu padikkaattha chainayile chunnaambukallilum lokathile ettavum pradhanappetta chunnaambukallu pradeshamaaya chainayile vividha chunnaambukallu pradeshangalilum shradha kendreekarichathinaal ithu prathyekichum ulkkaazhchayullathaayirunnu. chainayile kaarst roopeekaranangalekkurichula oru pradhana padanamaanengilum, kaarstinteyum chainaykkullile mattu shaasthreeya padanangaludeyum vyathyastha abhipraayangale poornnamaayum thallikkalayaathathin ithu vimarshikkappettittundu. 1997-ll 'ushnamekhalaa, uposhnamekhalaa kaarst' enna vishayathekkurichulla 'seatscrift phur geomorphology' yude oru prathyeka lakkam avarude bahumaanaartham prasidheekarichu. marjori avarude jeevithathil ezhupathiladhikam vyathyastha prasidheekaranangal ezhuthiyittundu, orupakshe avarude kaalathe ettavum ariyappedunnathum swaadheenamullathumaaya vanita jiomorphologistaayirunnu avar.
marjori sweettinginte kariyarinte oru pradhana savisheshatha birudadhaarikaludeyum birudadhaarikaludeyum thalamurakalil avar cheluthiya swaadheenamaayirunnu. avayil palathum shaniyaazhchakalum avadhikkala aazhchakalumaayirunnu, avar birudadhaarikalkkaayi feeld trippukal samghadippikkukayum avare guhakalkkum kaarstik bhooprakrithiyude aanandangalkkum parichayappedutthukayum cheythu. ooksfoordile thante kariyariludaneelam, muppatholam biruda vidyaarthikale avar melnottam vahichu, avaril palarum jiyolaji mekhalayil, prathyekichu kaarstil vilapetta sambhavanakal nalki. prathyekichu, sweettinginte rund vidyaarthikal maargarat marker, gillian iii ennivaraayirunnu. varan. kaarst geomorphology kalavastha vyathiyaanavum padicha marker 22-ladhikam kruthikal prasidheekarikkukayum 1996-ll dakshinaafrikkan bhoomishaasthranjarude samoohathinte swarnna medel labikkukayum cheythu. athupole thanne, varan spittsberjen himanikal, govarinte uyarnna theerapradeshangal, kaarst chunnaambukallu thudangiya vishayangalil sambhavanakal nalki. akkaalathe shaasthra mekhalayile mattu sthreekaleppole, academic, currier purogathi avarude purusha sahapravarthakareppole vegathilaayirunnilla, avarude uyarnna vishishtamaaya nettangalum vidyaabhyaasavum undaayirunnittum avarkk orikkalum professoraayi sthaanakkayattam labhichilla ennathinaal madhuram ithinu udaaharanamaanu.
beach profileukalile taranga-truff pareekshanangalaayirunnu prasidheekaricha niravadhi lekhanangalil onnu. 1834ll echu.aarr. taranga aavruthiyum beach konfigareshanum thammilulla bandham padicha aadya vyakthiyaan pammer. beach profileukal yadhaarthathil taranga aavruthi moolamaano atho prakrithi saahacharyangalude falamaano ennu thirichariyaan prayasamaayirunnu, athinaal kembridge bhoomishaasthra vakuppinte physical bhoomishaasthra laboratariyil pareekshanangal nadatthi. chithram 3 beach konfigareshanil neelamulla thiramaalakalude (kuranja aavruthi) phalangalum chithram 4 beach konfigareshanil hraswa thiramaalakalude (uyarnna aavruthi) phalangalum kaanikkunnu. kadaltheerathinte ghadanayum athu kidakkunna konum polulla niravadhi gadakangal kadaltheera krameekaranatthe baadhikkunnundenkilum, thiramaalakalude aavruthi yadhaarthathil ettavum valia punk vahikkunnuvennu sweeting nigamanam cheythu. tharamgapravartthanavum beach profile thammil shradheyavum vyakthavumaya oru bandham nilanilkkunnu ennathaanu ithinu kaaranam. paarayudeyum bhoomiyudeyum krameekaranatthe vinashakaravum ekeekrithavumaaya sambhavangal saaramaayi badhikkunnu. madhuram srishticha taranga maathruka vinashakaravum kriyathmakavumaaya rund beach profileukal pradarshippikkunnu. randaamathethu uyarnna aavruthiyilulla tharamgangalaayirunnu, aadyathethu thazhnnathinaal, ithu oru nirnaayaka bhoomishaasthraparamaaya kandethalaayirunnu, kaaranam beechinte bhooprakrithiyo krameekaranamo upayogichu, munkaala sambhavangalum sambhavangalum velippeduthaan kazhiyum. adisthaanaparamaayi, beach profileumaayulla taranga aavruthiyude sambhavanayum poruthappedutthalum avishwasaneeyamaaya gaveshanamaayirunnu, ithu bhoomishaasthrathil madhuratthinte vijayam vardhippichu. 
1987ll 67-aamm vayassil audyogikamaayi viramicha marjori sweeting avasana ezhu varshangal kudumbatthinum suhruthukkalkkum prakrithiykkumoppam chelavazhichu. oru vidagdha geomorphologist enna padavi nilaninnu. 
nettangal.
kaarst mekhalaykku madhuram valia sambhavana nalki. royal geographical sosaittiyude gill memorial prais (1955), naashanal speliological sosaitti oof amerikkayude merrit certificat (1959), cave research foundeshan oof amerikkayude oonarari amgam (1969), books medel (1980) enniva avarude niravadhi avaardukalil ulppedunnu.
sweettingine sii aayi niyamichu.yuu.eph. 1953ll sarvakalashaala prabhaashana padavi. 1977ll avarkk vyakthigatha vaayanakkaarude padavi labhichu.
thante jeevithakaalathu niravadhi avaardukal nediya avar maranashesham niravadhi avaardukal avarude bahumaanaartham samarppichu. mikacha biruda geomorphological prabandhathinulla marjori sweeting award aaron wilde nedi. vyathyasthamaaya uyarchayum mannolipum nirakkukalulla himanikalullah parvathanirakalude hypesometry" ennathaayirunnu addehathinte thalakkett.addehathinte srishtikal glacial parvathanirakalude bhooprakrithiyil valareyadhikam shradha kendreekarichu. prakrithidrishyangalumaayulla sweettinginte pravarthanatthinu samaanamaan. vidyaabhyaasathilum bhoumashaasthrathodulla samanamaaya abhinivesham pankidunna vyakthikalilum avarude paarambaryam deerghakaalamaayi cheluthiya swaadheenam ithu kaanikkunnu.
checoslovakiayile palaki sarvakalaashaalayile medel jethaav (1973), naashanal speliological sosaitti oof amerikkayude oonarari fellow (1976), britiish geomorphological research grouppinte chairmaanaaya aadya vanithakal (1973-1975)
geomorphology mekhalayile avarude supradhanavum supradhaanavumaaya pravartthanangal kaaranam, britiish sosaitti phoor geomorphology 2008 ll "marjori sweeting award" srishtichu. 200 poundinte award sammaanavum yukeyile eathu sarvakalashaalayileyum geomorphology mekhalayile mikacha biruda prabandhamaayirikkum.
matoraal.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu patanam thudaraan kazhiyaathathinal sweeting howells schoolil bhoomishaasthra adthyaapikayaayi north veyilsile denbyil pooyi. yudhathinte avasaanathil, haiskoolil jiyolaji padippikkunnathinaayi vaadikkunna britiish deseeya samithiyile label tomlinsoninoppam rund sthreekalil oraalaayirunnu avar.
vidyaarthikalkku kaarst samvidaanangalum guhakalum parichayappeduthunnathinu oru maargamaayi marjori kuzhikal upayogichu. 
1977 muthal, avar prarambha paryaveshanathinu neethrthwam nalkiyappol, chainayile kaarst bhooprakrithiyil sweeting vipulamaayi pravarthichu. dhaaraalam saadhyathakalundaayirunnu-kaarst raajyathinte ezhilonnu, anjooraayiram chathurashra kilometeriladhikam vyaapichukidakkunnu. chainayile kaarst pradeshangalekkurichu oru paashchaathya geomorphologist nadatthiya aadya padanamaayirunnu ithu.
kaarst geomorphology oru anthaaraashtra vidagdhanaayi mathramalla, biruda, biruda vidyaarthikalude thalamurakalude udaaravum aaveshakaravumaaya upadeshtaavaayum marjori amgeekarikkappettu.
thante audyogikajeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum, thangalude anthaaraashtra shaasthreeya prashasthi sthaapikkaan kadinamaayum vijayakaramaayum poraadiya brittanile vanita bhauthika bhoomishaasthranjarude oru cheria koottatthil oraalaayirunnu marjori.
avalude pithaav jorjju scotland sweeting, marjori thanne oru theevramaaya jiyolajistaayathinaal jiolajiyodulla abhiniveshathinu valareyadhikam oorjjam pakarukayum samvidaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. addeham landanile imperial collegil prabhashanam nadatthi, marjory anushochanakkurippil paranjathupole, aval oru paridhivare avalude pithaavinte paarambaryam thudaraan dridanishchayamullavalnum ekkaaranathaal aval manahpoorvvam padikkukayum bhoomishaasthrathil vipulamaaya samayam nikshepikkukayum oru bhouma shaasthranjayaayi oormmikkappedaan aagrahikkukayum cheythuvennum avar velippeduthi; avalude nettangalil ninnu vyakthamaakunnathupole aval anischithamaayi nediya oru padavi.

