
tyool koottakkola

randaam lokamahaayudhathil dii-day landingin moonnu divasathinu sesham 1944 juunil randaam ss pancer division "daas reach" franch pattanamaya tulil saadhaaranakkaare raundu upp cheyyukayum samkshipthamaayi vadikkukayum cheythu.
1944 juun 7,8 theeyathikalil franch prathirodha grouppaaya franks-tearerinte vijayakaramaya aakramanathinu sesham, "daas raich" sainyathinte varavu thekkan-madhya fraansile tyool nagaratthil ninnu (corres vakupp) palayanam cheyyaan maakvisine nirbandhithanaakki. 1944 juun 9 nuu, pathinarinum arupathinum idayil praayamulla ellah purushanmareyum arast cheytha sesham, "shutsstaafal" (ss), "sicherhaitsdiyanst" (esdie) ennivar 120 thadavukaare thookkikkollaan utharavittu, avaril 99 pere yadhaarthathil thookkiletti. thudarnnulla divasangalil, 149 pere daachou thadankalppaalayathilekku ayachu, avide 101 perr marichu. mothatthil, vermact, waffen-ss, esdie ennivayude pravartthanangal tulile 233 sivilian nivaasikalude jeevan apaharichu.
oru divasam kazhinju, athe randaam ss pancer division "daas reach" orador-surr-glainile koottakolayil earppettu.
charitraparamaaya pashchaathalam.
randaam ss pancer division.
1944-nte thudakkathil, kizhakkan munnaniyil kanatha nashtam neritta sesham, randaam ss pancer division "daas reach", ss-"grupenfurer" hains lammerdinginte neethrthwathil valence-dii 'aganil veendum samghadippichu.
padinjaaran munnaniyilekku purappedaan thayyaaredukkuka. laitt kavachitha vaahanangalum taankukalum upayogichu 18,000 sakhyasenaamgangale irakkiyathaayi karuthiyirunnathine avar prathikarikkendathaayirunnu.
charitraparamaayi, koottakolayil randaam pancer divishante pankinu pinnil niravadhi sidhaanthangalundu. peettar laibinte abhipraayathil, deseeya soshyalisathinte prathyayashaasthrathillu divishante kanatha vishwaasavum kizhakkan munnaniyile avarude yudhaanubhavavum avar svayam oru unnatha sainika unitaayi kaanukayum franch prathirodhavumayulla edapedalukalil ithinakam pankedutthittundennu avaa.
normandi landingin sesham, randaam pancer division, sakhyakakshikalude adhiniveshavumaayi ekopippichu jarmman thaalpparyangalkkum shakthikalkkumethire kalapam shakthamaakkunna maakvisine adichamarthunnathinaayi tulinum limosukalkkum edayilulla pradeshathu svayam sthaapikkaan utharavukal labhichu. avarude samgharshaavasthayude pashchaathalatthil division maakvisine neridanamennathu hitlarude vyakthiparamaaya aagrahamaayirunnu. 
padinjaaran munnaniyude deputy hikemanderude peril pakshavaadikale earppeduthaanulla utharavu sperley oordinans ennariyappettirunnu. aaa utharavukaliloode, eathu avasarathilum "theevravaadikale" udan aakramikkuka ennathum eathenkilum saadhaaranakkaar kollappettal athu khedakaramaanennum ennaal athu "theevravaadikalude" utharavaadithamaayirikkumnum avarude swantham utharavaadithamaayirikkillenum division paranju. ellah nivasikalkkoppam eee pradeshavum surakshithamaakkanamennum, ethirppukaar allengil athinte anuyaayikal upayogikkunna eathoru veedum athinte udama pariganikkathe kathikkanamennum utharavukal aavasyappettu. division commanderude utharavukalil chila krithyamaaya thanthrangal paraamarshichirunnu "prathirodhatthe marikadannu avaye thudachuneekkanam."1944 juun 5 nuu ezz. ezz. general lammerding kizhakkan europil maakvisinte adichamarthalil nadappaakkiya adichamarthal nadapadikalude upayogathinu amgeekaaram nalki. addehathinte paripaadiyil prachaarana virudhavum vivechanaparavumaaya upayogam, pothujanangale theevravaadikalkkethire tirikkaan uddeshichulla mattu nadapadikal enniva ulppedunnu."kootta arast, pradhana pradeshangal kaivashappedutthal, vaahanangalude commandering ennivaykku ithu amgeekaaram nalki. parikkettatho kollappettatho aaya oro jarmankaaranum njangal patthu theevravaadikale kollum" ennum athil paranjittundu."prathirodha poraalikale bakkiyulla franch pouranmaaril ninnu verthirikkukayum pothujanangale avarkkethire thirikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu utharavinte pradhana lakshyam.
meyy aadyathinum juun 9 num idayil, division, prathyekichu rejiment "derr furer" prathirodhatthe pinthunaykkunnavarkkum niravadhi pakshapatha virudha pravarthanangalkkumaayi vyapakamaaya thirachil nadatthi. eee pravarthanangalil arupath pakshapaathikal kollappedukayum irupathu pere thozhil cambukalilekku naadukadatthukayum cheythu. noorukanakkinu veedukal kathikkukayum vividha saahacharyangalil noorukanakkinu saadhaaranakkaar kollappedukayum cheythu.
corressil jarmman adichamarthal.
mekhalayile prathirodhatthinte pravartthanam kanakkiledukkumbol, corres vakupum prathyekichu tyool pattanavum parisaravum jarmman suraksha sevanangalude edaykkideyulla edapedalukalude lakshyamayirunnu. 1944ll, limosukalile rahasya police, suraksha sevanangalude kamaandantaaya august meyarinte keezhilulla 12 anga ezz. dii yoonit tuleyil ethi. ss-"haptstermfurer" friedrich courten samvidaanam cheytha eee purushanmaar, henry laaphondinte commandinu keezhilulla gadakangalkkoppam macvis prathirodhatthinethire oru adichamarthal nadatthi.
mejar generalinte neethrthwathil oru divisionumaayi sahakarichu, 1944 eprilil avar eee pradesham chittayayi keezhadakki. 325-aamm suraksha divishante onnaam rejimentum 799-aamm infantry battaaliyante jorjiyakkaarum ulppede eee thaalkkaalikamaayi onnicha samyojitha unitukal, redu aarmiyude yudhathadavukaaraayi. 1944 epril 1 muthal 7 vare, braimer division 3000 pere arast cheythu; lonsak graamatthil 17 nivaasikal kollappedukayum 24 veedukal kathikkukayum cheythu; brivil, 300 pere arast cheyyukayum germmaniyile thozhil cambukalilekku naadukadatthukayum cheythu. mothatthil, bremer divishante cheruthunilppinethiraaya pravartthanangal 1,500 arasttukalkkum 55 vedivayppukalkkum 92 pradeshangalile 128 kuttakrithyangalkkum 200 joothanmaarkkum vadhathinum kaaranamaayi, pakshe maakvisumaayi nerittu ettumuttalukalonnumuna.
dordogne howt-viyneyum thulyamaayi nasippichathinu sesham meyy maasathil bremer division corres vittu.
janangalude durithangal avasaanippikkumenn pratheekshichirunna cheruthunilppinte pravartthanangale adichamarthal bhaagikamaayi vishadeekarikkunnu.
tyoolinte yuddham.
mochanam.
1944 epril pakuthiyo meyy maasatthinte thudakkamo clebber ennariyappedunna corressinte macvis eftipi commanderaanu tulile prathirodha pravartthanangal aasoothranam cheythathu "aadyam, landingumaayi yaathoru bandhavumillatheyaanu akramanam aasoothranam cheythathennu thonnunnu, athinte theeyathi appozhum pravachanaatheethamaayirunnu. "athinu niravadhi lakshyangalundaayirunnu" "jarmman prathirodhatthe niraayudheekarikkukayum saadhyamenkil nasippikkukayum cheyyuka; mobail reserve grouppukale niraayudheekarikkukayum avarude aayudangalum vaahanangalum avarkk anuyojyamaakkukayum cheyyuka; franch milissia ariyappedunna sahakaarikaleyum aakramikkuka", "mathramalla," "prathirodhatthil vidavukal thurakkuka, athinte nethaakkalekkurichulla aarogyakaramaya bhayam prachodippikkuka, avare tulilake pinvaangukayum pookaan thayyarakathirikkukayum cheyyuka, kuranjathu oru kaalamenkilum avare maakvissinethiraaya sramangal thudarunnathil ninnu thadayuka". "bandhappedumbol, franch armi sekrett resistansile udyogasthar oru nagara kendrathinethiraaya pravartthanangale poornnamaayum athirkkunnuvennu soochippichu.
jeey. vaasthavathil, vermaakttinte moonnaam battaaliyante ezhunooru sainikarude oru kaaval seena tyooline prathirodhichu, mobail reserve groupileyum millisileyum aaroo ezhunooro purushanmaar ithinu pakaramaayi; bii. 95-aamm suraksha rejimentile jeevanakkaril 8,13 kambanikalil ninnum general staafukalil ninnum vanna 289 purushanmaarum meyy 17 nuu thayyarakkiya vishadamaaya rekhakalude adisthaanathil 1350 poraalikalum 450 perr aakramanathe pinthunaykkukayo aarambhikkukayo cheyyaathavarum undaayirunnu. jeane-jackwus fauchinum gilbert beaubatikkum vendi, ulppetta senayude ennam jarmman bhaagath munnooriladikam purushanmarayirunnu, naanoor eph. tii. pii. akramanam nadatthi, avarodoppam ezhaam theeyathi uchakazhinju ettaam theeyathi ravileyum nootti ambathu adhika poraalikalum chernnu.
1944 juun 7 nuu aii. dii. 1ll chaambyan dii maarsile suraksha senayude baarakkukalkk nere oru basooka vediyuthirthukondu akramanam aarambhichu. 06:00 vazhi, jarmman gaarisan sthaapikkaan upayogichirunna kettidangal thiricharinju; poost offeesum taunn haalum, avide eftipi avarude command posttukal sthaapichu, 07:00 surakshithamaakki. 08:00 ll, railway steshanum prathirodham pidichedukkukayum avar avide pathinettu kaavalkkareyum reyilveyile oru jeevanakkaranaaya aabel leblankin kandethi, avar maakvisil cheraan shanikkappettu, pakaram steshan waiting roomil pooraattatthinte avasaanathinaayi kaathirikkaan avar theerumaanichu. <aii. dii. 1> ll, millisinte sainyavum mobail reserve group chaambyans dii maarsinte baarakkukalil oru velutha pathaaka uyarthukayum charchakalkku sesham, avar avarude ellah upakaranangalum vahichu <aii. dii. 2> pattanatthil ninnu purappedukayum cheythu. chaappuvilekku madangaanulla utharavu ell. tii. pii. yudhasamghathe baadhichittillaatha elii dupuvine sambandhichidatholam, eee purappaad suraksha senayil ninnu yuddha saamagrikal veendedukkukayum kondupookukayum cheiyukayenna ooppareshante lakshyangalilonninte parajayamaayirunnu; ennaal 90 peradangunna otta bataaliyan ullathinaal, "jarmman gaarisaninethiraaya akramanam thudaraanum athe samayam suraksha senaykk mail nirupaadhikamaaya keezhadangal earppeduthaanum" addehathinu kazhinjilla.
athesamayam, ekadesham <aii. dii. 1>, chappo utharavitta tulinu chuttumulla kunnukalil ninnu jarmman sainyam macvis bhaagikamaayi pinvalichathine muthaledukkukayum railway steshante niyanthranam hrasvamaayi veendedukkukayum cheythu, avide kavalkkar avarude varkk unifominte bhagamaaya velutha ambandukal dharichathaayi kandethi, ennaal eph. tii. pii dharichavayumaayi kurachu saamyamund. kaavalkkaare kettidatthil ninnu kondupoyi, chodyam cheyyalukalonnumillaathe, thirachil nadathaathe, steshan muttatho praadeshika railway enchin housilekku nayikkunna tracukalilo jarmman sainyam avare vedivachu, cross fayaril murichumaatti, oru mesheen gann ulppede, 'sakhaakkal!' ennu vilichukondu jarmmankarodu apekshikkumbol avare purakil vedivachu! sakhaakkale!'. abel leblanc maathramaan vedivayppil ninnu rakshappettath. bii prakaram. carthuser, athu manappoorvamaaya kolapathakamaayirunnu, jarmmankaar kaavalkkaarude saannidhyathekkurich ariyukayum avarude vasthram ariyukayum cheythu.
juun 7num 8num edayilulla raathriyil, thangalude oru samghathile 450 poraalikal illaathe, macvis poraalikal pattanatthinu chuttumulla kunnukalilekku pinvaangukayum jarmman sainyam moonnu sthalangalil veendum aninirakkukayum cheythu vadakku penkuttikalude school, aayudha factory, thekk soilhack school. jarmman sainyathinte pradhana shakthikendramaaya penkuttikalude skoolinethireyaayirunnu pradhana akramanam. jarmman ethirppinethudarnnu, eph. tii. pii. <aii. dii. 1> nuu chuttumulla kettidatthinu theeyittu. <aii. dii. 2> nuu chuttum, avyakthavum tharkkaparavumaya saahacharyangalil, jarmmankaar pookaan shramichu, avaril oraal velutha thuni chalippikkukayaanenkil mattullavar jeevanulla grenadeukal kaivasham vachirikkukayaayirunnu. ellah aashayakkuzhappangalilum, macvis automatic aayudangal upayogichu vediyuthirthu; grenadeukal pottitherichu chila sainikare aduthuninnu vettikkonnu, ithu bhayaanakamaayi vikruthamaaya mrithadehangalil kanda parikkukal vishadeekarikkunnu. jarmman sainikarude keezhadangalinushesham, swathanthraraaya muppath macvis poraalikalude sahaayathode ezz. dii. yile ombathu amgangale kandethi, smashaanathilekku kondupoyi vichaaranayillathe vedivachu. aaa nimisham muthal poraattam avasaanichu, prathirodham aayudha factoric adutha divasam akramikkaan avar padhathiyitta soilhack skoolinum chuttum vrithangal nilanirtthi. athesamayam parikketta jarmmankareyum franchukaareyum ashupathriyil praveshippichu. clebber prefecturil pooyi sivil administreshante neethrthwam nalkunnathu thudaraan prefect truilinode aavasyappettu. prathirodhatthinaayi, adutha divasam edukkenda rund cheria holdouttukal ozhivaakkiyathode tyooline mochippichu.
37 perr marichathaayum 25 perkku parikkettathaayum 35 pere kaanaathaayathaayum jarmman karshakar kanakkakki.jii. ennirunnaalum, avar ekadesham 50 maricha, arupath kaanathaaya, orupakshe thadavukaaranaayi, 23 num 37 num idayil parikkettu. maakvisil cheraan sammathicha poolish vamshajaraaya oru pidi sainikar ozhike bhooribhaagam thadavukaarum pinneedu vediyettu marichirikkaam.
punaradhivasam.
juun 8nuu ekadesham 21:00 nuu,
randaam ss pancer divisionile aadya taankukal moonnu vyathyastha dishakalil ninnu tulilekku ethi, ithu macvissine athbhuthappeduthi. sainyathinte surakshaasamghathinte sthaanangalum nagarathinu purathulla eph. tii. piyum taankukal olichupoyi, ellah munnariyippukalum krithyasamayathu tulil athicheraan kazhinjilla. macvis poraalikal udan thanne oru poraattavumillaathe nagaratthilekku malakalilekku palayanam cheythuvenkilum "oru durithaashwaasa koolam [nerittu...] [athil] kanatha gadakangal ulppedunnu, koodaathe ganyamaaya agnishakthiyumundaayirunnu ": tulinu chuttumulla peedabhoomikalil ninnulla basooka theepiduttham" daas reachinte "gadakangalkku nashtam varuthiyirikkam, pakshe sivilian janathaykkidayil kanatha naashanashtangal undaakkumenna bhayathaal prathirodham aaa oopshan upekshichu. waffen-ss aayudha factoric sameepam soilhack jillayil avarude aadya command poost sthaapichu, pittennu raavile hotel modernilekku maarunnathin munbu. eee samayat, ezz. esinte ettavum uyarnna raankulla udyogasthan division aasthaanathe oru rahasyaanveshana udyogasthanaaya "sturmbanfuhrar" kovaattshaayirunnu. juun 8-aamm theeyathi ratri muzhuvan ezz. ezz. pattanatthil patrolling nadathukayum athine valayukayum cheythu.
juun 9 nuu, <aii. dii. 1> ll, jarmmankaar prefecturil thirachil nadathukayum mobail reserve group avide upekshicha aayudangalum vedikkoppukalum kandethiyathinethudarnn prefect truille vadhikkumenn bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu. sannihithanaya ettavum muthirnna ezz. ezz. officer, oru sarjant addehathe vedivaykkanamaayirunnu, pakshe addehathinte sthaanam addehathinu oru generalinu thulyamaaya padavi nalkunnuvennum vedivaykkunnathinu munbu kooduthal muthirnna udyogasthanodu samsaarikkanamenn aavasyappedunnathaayum vaadichu vadhasikshayil ninnu rakshapettu. ashupathriyil chikilsayil kazhiyunna jarmmankaarane sandarshikkaan vanna oru muthirnna udyogasthane kaanaan addehathinu kazhinju. sandarshana velayil, parikketta oru jarmman udyogasthanodu oru prathirodha poraaliye vedivaykkunnathil ninnu prefect thadanjathaayi sthireekarichu "eee manushyan njangalude jeevan rakshichu".
koottakkola.
kootta arast.
tulile nivaasikale, ningalude nagaram kadannupoya dushkaramaaya divasangalil ningal ente nirddeshangal palikkukayum maathrukaaparamaaya reethiyil shaantatha palikkukayum cheythu. njaan nandi parayunnu. eee manobhaavavum parikketta jarmman sainikarude samrakshanavum jarmman commandle ninnu oru divasathinullil saadhaarana jeevitam punaraarambhikkumenn urappu nedaan enne praapthanakki. - prefect piyar truilinte prakhyapanam, uchabhaashini vazhi 1944 juun 9 nuu raavile 10 manikk prakshepanam cheythu.
juun 9 nuu, 09:00-10:00-nuu idayil, ss-"starmbaanfuhrar" ooral kovaattsh trouliyeyum prefecturinte sekrattari general emm. roche "ningalude aamgyam [parikketta jarmmankaarude paricharanam] avaganikkappedilla, tyool gaarisanile njangalude sakhaakkalkkethire nadanna kuttakrithyathetthudarnnu anivaryamaaya adichamarthalil jarmman commander ithu janangalkk anukoolamaayi kanakkiledukkum."pathinarinum arupathinum idayil praayamulla ellah purushanmareyum thadankalil vaykkukayum avarude vishwasthatha parishodhicha sesham" "ellah" "avashya gadakangaleyum" "mochippikkaan maathrame adhikaarappeduthukayulloo addeham avarodu paranju"."
trowyleyum rocheyum anusarichu, kovaattsh general hains lammerdingle ninnu nerittu thante oordarukal sweekarichu, orupakshe radio vazhiyaayirikkam. kootta arast yudhathil ithinakam thanne aswastharaaya oru janataye baadhichu "cheria grouppukalaayi, ss veedukalum theruvukalum thiranju; avar thaamasthalangalil praveshichu, avide kandethiya purushanmaare parishodhichu; sthreekalodu, ithu oru aidantitti chekkaanennu avar avakashappettu, avarude bharthaavinteyo aanmakkaludeyo sahodaranmaarudeyo abhavam kooduthal kaalam nilanilkkillenn avar avakashappettu, athinaal saadhanangal paakk cheiyunnathu budhimuttikkunnilla". "ezz. ezz. njangale rigni thuramukhathekku nayichu. [...] oru valia samgham njangalodoppam chernnu. [...] njangal pathukke soyilhaakkine sameepichu paathayorangalil paarkk cheythirunna taankukal, nalla kramatthilulla paathakalulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla paathakalilulla taankukal nalla kramatthilullathum nalla kramatthilullathum nalla reethiyilullathum nalla reethiyilullathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum aaya taankukalullathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum aaya taankukalullathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum nallathum. [...] njangalude samgham mattullavarumayi chernnu; mattu grouppukal njangalodoppam chernnu; aashanka vardhichathode njangalude kaikal kulungan thudangi. [...] njangal thala uyarthi nadannu, njangalude uthkanda marachuvekkunnathaanu nallath.
[franch ardhasainika vibhaagathile] amgangale sainikarude baarakkukalil othukoodi aayudha factoryilekku kondupoyi. aayudhanirmmaanashaalayude munnil ekadesham ayyaayiratholam purushanmaarum aankuttikalum othukoodi.
thiranjedukkal.
nagaratthil saadhaarana pravartthanangal punaraarambhikkunnathin aavashyamaayava vittukodukkaan adhikaarappeduthiya kovaattshumaayulla karar anusarichu, franch udyogasthar aayudha factoryilekku pooyi, ivaril aareyaan kanakkaakkuka ennu charcha cheythu. "mayer (kenal boaty), department medhaavikal, vyaavasaayika oorjja director, steshanmaastar, mattu staaf ennivar avarude valia swarnna thoppikalode, school inspector-njangalkkidayil-ennivarumaayi undayirunnathaayi taamasiyaathe sradhikkappettu, ennaal eee manyanmaar jarmman udyogastharkkoppam roadle ezhunnettu ninnu... athu sahakaranathinte manam pakarnnu. "franch sarkkaarinte prathinidhikal 5,000 purushanmaaril 3,500 pereyum yuvaakkaleyum mochippichu. avaril samsthaanathileyum prefecturileyum mayer offeesileyum gyaas kambaniyileyum vaattar kambaniyileyum tapal, telegraph, telephone kambaniyileyum jeevanakkar, financiermaarum holiday camp thozhilaallikalum, electricianmaarum, formanmar supervisormaarum laa maarkkile faaktariyilum aayudha faaktariyilum, bakermar, palacharakk vyapaarikal, thottakkaar, doctormar ennivarum ulppedunnu... ennaal danthadoktarmaaro adhyaapakaro illa. "bandikale thiranjedukkunnathinte eee aadya bhagam praadeshika adhikaarikale durbalappeduthunnathina ss roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu; 1962 ll chodyam cheythappol mayer prathirodha poraalikale choondikkaanichathaayi lammerding paranju. "peedippikkappettavaril addehathinte bhaaryaasahodaran ulppede chila prathirodha amgangal theerchayaayum undaayirunnu.
franch adhikaarikalude edapedalinushesham, bandikale randaamathum thiranjedutthu, ithavana jarmmankaar thanne. kazhinja rund divasathe pooraattatthe athijeevicha ezz. dii yoonittinte vakthavaayirunnu eee randaamathe thiranjeduppinu utharavaadiyaaya pradhana vyakthi. schmald ottaykku pravarthichilla ennathil samshayamillengilum, eee thiranjeduppinu limojukalil nilayurappicha ezz. dii yoonittukalile mattu amgangal sahayichirikkaam, addehathinte saannidhyavum pravartthanangalum ellah saakshikaleyum baadhichu, avarkk schmald irakale thiranjedukkunna prakriyayude pratheekamaayirunnu. schmaldinoppam "kunchback" allengil "kurukkan" ennariyappedunna poola gaisler aayudha faaktariyude directorumaayi bandhapetta vermaachinte vakthavaayirunnu, "bitch" ennu vilipperulla addeham pathinaro pathinezho bandikal, faaktariyil ninnulla enchineeyarmaar allengil faarmasisttinte makaneppolulla avalkk ariyaavunna purushanmaare tharamthirikkunnathilum mochippikkunnathilum earppettirunnu.
varakalo chinnangalo illaatha, oru tharatthilulla sheenavaayuvulla, nagnamaaya thalayulla, moshamaaya pazhaya kottu dharicha oru jarmman" ennu schmaldine visheshippicha pithaav jeane espinas, "innale yudhathil ninnu rakshapetta naalu peril oraalaan njaan" ennu paranjukondu "mikacha franch bhashayil" schmald thanne abhisambodhana cheythathayi oormmippichu. [...] njangalellaavarum eathaandu rainish catholicaraayirunnu. njangale paricharikkaan oru purohithane venamennu njangal aagrahikkunnu."aantoyin sooliyar schmaldine visheshippichathu, taann hailaittukalulla neenda svarnnaniramulla mudi, vrithiyulla shave, irunda niram, ekadesham 30 vayass, nannayi kaanunnathinaayi avante annukal ellaayppozhum pakuthi-shutt cheiyunnu, ettavum pradhanamaayi avante mukalile chundinte valath pakuthi ellaayppozhum vishamulla parihaasatthil uyarthappedunnu.
shave cheyyaathatho minukia shoos dharikkaathatho polulla gadakangale adisthaanamaakki prathirodhatthil pankedukkumennu samshayikkunna arupath purushanmaarude rund grouppukale kramena srishtichathinaal bakkiyulla bandikale vyathyastha valuppathilum ghadanayilum moonnu grouppukalaayi thirichirikkunnu. echu prakaram. ennirunnaalum, schmald chila thirichariyal kaardukalude parisodhana aavasyappettenkilum, addeham aalukale avarude roopathe adisthaanamaakki vidhikkukayum, vyakthamaaya kaaranamonnumillathe, thante idathuvashathulla cheria groupil cheraan avare ayakkukayum cheythu [bhaaviyile irakal]. trouyil parayunnathanusarichu, "moonnu grouppukalum nirantharam marikkondirunnu, onnukil releasukalude parasparabandham kondo allengil chila 1960 kalude thiranjeduppiloodeyo.ezz. irunda aazhamillaatha valter valterinoppam. vadhashikshaykk vidhikkapetta 120 perude ennam nilanirthaan schmald shramichu, ennirunnaalum eee ennam ithuvare prakhyapichittilla vividha edapedalukal oru vyakthiye mochippikkaan kaaranamaayappol, schmald pradhana groupil ninnu oru pakarakkaarane thiranjedutthu "oru suhruthine rakshikkaan, ningal athe strock upayogichu mattoru vyakthiye apalapikkum, aaraan anjjaathan [...] athinte falamaayi ettavum durbalaraaya, eakaantharaaya, durbalaraaya allengil nirbhaagyamillaatha, avare prathirodhikkaan aarumillathavar maathram vadhikkappettayaalude kaikalil avasheshichu. eee prakriya athijeevichavaril oralaaya jeane-luis bordellinte inipparayunna prathiphalanathilekku nayichu "chila bandikale mochippichathil franchukaarum jarmmankaarum abhimaanikkunnuvennu arinjappol njaan niraashanaayi, angane cheyyumbol eee daridrar vadhasikshayil thangalude punk sammathichuvennu thiricharinjathaayi thonnunnilla. oro mochanam kazhinjum njaanum ente suhruthukkalum ethra bhayappettirunnuvennu njaan oorkkunnu, lefttanant walter njangalude groupine sameepikkukayum bhaaviyile erakalude groupine poortthiyaakkaan oru puthiya theerumaanam edukkukayum cheyyum. juun 5 leeii lammerdinginte kurippum onpathaam theeyathi raavile addeham nalkia utharavum anusarichu, eee 120 pere thookkikkonnu.
thoongikkidakkunnu.
naalppat jarmman sainikare oru koottam kammyoonistukaar ettavum bhayanakamaaya reethiyil kolappedutthi. [...] garillakalkum avare sahayichavarkkum thookkikkollal enna shikshayund. [...] naalpat jarmman sainikare garillakalum nootti irupathu garillakalum kolappeduthukayum avarude koottaalikale thookkilettukayum cheyyum. avarude mrithadehangal nadiyil eriyappedum-tulil niyogikkappetta jarmman sainikarude commanding general oppitta poosttar.
15:30 nuu chuttum,
vadhasiksha nadappaakkaruthenna prefectinte avasana nimishathe apekshaykku marupadiyaayi, "russian munnaniyil thookkikkollal sambradaayam njangal vikasippicheduthittundu" ennu kovaattsh prathikarichu. njangal oru lakshathiladhikam aalukale khaarkovilum keevilum thookkiletti, ithu njangalkk onnumalla ".
vadhasikshayil pankedukkanamennu pradhana thadavukaarkku report cheyyaan addeham prathyeka prathinidhi samghathinte president kenal botiyodu aavasyappettu. avare sooyilhaakkile squarilekku kondupokunnathinu munbu, boaty avarodu paranju "enikku ningalodu parayaan valare vedanaajanakamaaya chila vaarthakalund ningal vadhashikshaykk saakshyam vahikkaan pookunnu. shaantatha palikkaan njaan ningalodu abhyarthikkunnu. oru neekkavum nadatharuthu, oru vaakk polum parayaruthu ". avide ethiya thadavukaar noorukanakkinu meteriladhikam marangal, vilakkukal, baalkkanikal ennivayil thoongikkidakkunna mookku kandethiyirunnu. raavile avasaanathode, oru pioneer vibhaagathinte thalavanaaya ezz. ezz.-"haptstermfurer" hoff thayyaareduppukal nadathiyirunnu, avarellam thookkumarangal nadatthaan sannadharaayirunnu.
thookkikkollunnathinaayi thiranjeduttha irakale patthu peradangunna samghangalaayi thookkilettiya sthalathekku kondupoyi. "avar oororuthareyum taamasiyaathe rund vadhashikshakarude kaikalile oru govanik keezhilekku nayichu. rund ss oro dandanathinoppavum ninnu; avaril oraal pinneedu sikshikkappetta aalumaayi govani allengil stepplaadarinte padikal kayari. aavasyamulla uyarathilethiyappol, addeham thadavukaarane thookkikkonnu, avane pidikoodi, thudarnnu matte ss thadavukaarante steplader krooramaayi neekkam cheythu. chila sandarbhangalil, vadhasikshakar, sannadhapravarthakar, irayude kaalil thoongikkidakkukayo adikkukayo allengil submussin gann allengil pisttal upayogichu avare avasaanippikkukayo cheythu. "chilappol, vadhasiksha vegathilaakkaan, kroorathakkaar avarude irakale raifil butt upayogichu adikkukayum bhayankaramaaya nilavilikalode avarude steplaadarine chavittukayum cheyyum".
oru jarmman udyogasthane prathinidheekarichu kenal bottiyude edapedalinte falamaayi, marikkaan pokunnavarkku thante shushroosha nalkaan pithaav espinasinu adikaaram labhichu. aadya vadhashikshakalil addeham pankedutthu. aadya groupinte samayat, "oru saahacharyathil [...]moshamaayi thookkiyirunna iraykku vedanayundennathil samshayamilla; appol thante govani neekkam cheytha sainikan peedippikkappetta aale adikkaan athu upayogikkunnathu njaan kandu, avan poornnamaayum neengunnathu nirtthum vare. athinusesham, "vadhashikshaavidhi shikshikkappettavare akramamillathe nadakkaan nirbandhichu; oru prakopanatthil, oru irayude purakil thante thokkinte butt thakarkkunna sainikan, oru phoon kandappol bheethiyode maravichathaayi enikku ippozhum kaanaan kazhiyum" ennu addeham abhiprayappettu. "aaa rangam namukk sangalppikkaan kazhiyumo? sammarddathil othukoodiya aalukalude ennam, thookkilettappetta sainikarude ennam, bandikalude koottangal enniva avarude maranathilekkum nishabdathayilekkum nayichu. ooppareshaniludaneelam, poula gisler oru koottam ezz. esum kaphe tivoliyude terressil nalla veenjinte kuppikal thaazheyidukayum graamaphonil samgeetham kelkkukayum cheyyumbol thoongikkidakkunnathu kandu.
99 perkku parikkettu.
99 erakalude vadhasiksha enthukondaanu nirtthiyathu? [...] 99 ennathu vishadeekarikkaan kazhiyaatha oru apagradhikkaavunna samkhyayaanu. athinte praadhaanyatthinte abhaavathil, erakalude ennam oru rahasyamaayi thudarunnu. - jeane-jackwus fauche ettu gilbert byoobaatti.
thante vivaranathinte thudarchayaaya pathippukalil, thookkikkollal nirtthiyathinte bahumati pithaav espinas tanikku maathramaanennu parayunnu. addehathinte abhipraayathil, onpathu samghangale allengil 90 pere ithinakam thookkikkollukayum 20 allengil 30 tulle pouranmaarude kolapaathakathinu sesham aayudha faaktariyude muttathekku thirike konduvanna sesham pathaamatthe samghathil 13 perum ulppedunnuvennu addeham kandethi. addeham walter shmaldumaayi edapettu naalu pere samghathil ninnu neekkam cheiyumennu mathramalla, ithu vadhashikshayilekkulla avasana march aayirikkumennum athinaal erakalude ennam 99 aayirikkumennum manassilakki.
pala rachayithaakkalum aavarthikkunna eee pathippine, katha asthiravum avishwasaneeyavumaanennu karuthunna bruno carthuser velluvilikkunnu. espinasi nadatthiya nirnnayaka edapedal oru sakshy sthireekarichittillena carthuser aadyam choondikkaanikkunnu, akkaalat noorukanakkinu aalukal faaktariyude muttathu othukoodi; 1948 ll tuleyil ninnulla prathyeka prathinidhi samghathinte president, kenal boaty, laa maarkkile brand faesility faaktariyude director, tuleyil aayudha nirmmaana deputy director, laberyile aayudha nirmmaana deputy directorumaaya henry vogal, laajoogiyile rodukaludeyum paalangaludeyum cheef enchineeyarum nadatthiya edapedalukalum rakshappeduthalukalum sambandhicha prakhyaapanatthil eee edapedal paraamarshichittilla. moonnu pereyum rakshichathinu trouyil pithaavine kuttappeduthunnilla ", eee peedanatthinu sikshikkappetta thante chila thozhilaallikale mochippikkaan vogal ezz. ezz. offeesarmaarumaayi gambheeramaayi charcha cheythu...]. eee reethiyil, addeham naalu mapp nedukayum aayudha faaktariyile deputy director, labery, eee aalukale avakaashappedaanum neekkam cheyyaanum anuvadikkukayum cheythu; mekhalayile cheef enchineeyaraaya lajugi thante sevanathilulla oru enchineeyarine rakshikkaan samagramaayi vaadichenkilum addehathinte sramangal vyarthamaayi ". 1945ll franch redu crossil ninnu pithaavin medail dii 'aarjant nalkunnathinulla prashasthipathrathil espinaasinte "nirnnayaka edapedal" paraamarsikkappettilla, athu addehathinte pourohithya yogyathakaludeyum vadhikkappettavarkk addeham nalkia bhauthika sahayathinteyum adisthaanathil nalkappettu. avasaanamaayi, ezz. esile karsanamaaya shreni kanakkiledukkumbol, lammerdinganu vadhasiksha nirthaan utharavittathu (yudhathinu sesham thante utharavilaanu munkootty nischayicha 120 erakalkku munbu thookkikkollal nirtthiyathennu addeham paranju), thookkikkollalukalkku melnottam vahichathu kovaatshaanennum ezz. diyile schmaldinte meludyogastharil oraal (courten allengil buttsh) akkaalat sannihithanayirunnuvennum carthusere sambandhichidatholam, athu saadhyamalla.
jeey.jeey. fauchum jii. 99 erakalude ennam parasparam swathanthramaaya bhauthika vasthuthakalude shekharanathinte anantharafalamaayirunnu [...] ennaal ennathekkaal kooduthal, thookkikkollal paripadi deerghakaalathekku bheekarathaye shakthippeduthum. falaprapti oru prathyeka vyakthiyumayi bandhappettirunnilla, marichu athilupariyaayi, purushanmaare apamanikkaan roopakalppana cheytha akramatthinte oru kaazhchayude pradarshanam."
vadhikkappettavarude mrithadehangal vaikunneram aadyam chaantiyar dii junessiyile amgangal scouts battaaliyante naalaamathe kambaniyile aalukalude utharavanusarichu thaazheyirakki; praadeshika adhikaarikalude edapedal undaayirunnittum, cuelile oru maalinyakkoombaarathinte sthalathu avaye kuzhichidukayum, thirichariyaanulla oru shramavum nadathaathe, jarmmankaar vettimattiya oru hrasvamaaya chadangu maathram nadathukayum cheythu, eee samayat espinas, unifom dharicha prefectinteyum addehathinte kaabinat directorinteyum saannidhyathil mrithadehangale anugrahichu.
naadukadatthal.
juun 10 nuu, tulile aayudha faaktariyil avasheshikkunna bandikale kazhinja divasam thookkikkollappetta irakale thiranjeduttha athe reethiyilaan pariganichatha randaam ss pancer division "daas raich", esdie amgangal thammilulla charchakal, schmald ulppede, franch adhikaarikalum avare naadukadatthunnathinaayi nischayichittulla grouppukalaayum edapedalukal vazhi mapp nalkappedunnavarumaayum vibhajichu. chaantiyar dii junesseyile 311 purushanmareyum 660 yuva amgangaleyum tulil ninnu limosylake maatti. millisile amgangal oru pradhana punk vahicha oru puthiya thiranjeduppinu sesham, 162 purushanmareyum chaantiyar dii junesseyile ellah amgangaleyum mochippichu; bakkiyulla thadavukaaril 149 pere poyattiyezhsilekkum thudarnnu kombiyagneyilekkum maatti, avide ninnu avare juulai 2,101 nuu daachou thadankalppaalayathilekku kondupoyi.
juun 11 allengil 12 nuu, randaam ss pancer division normandy frondil cherunnathinayi vadakkott neengaan thudangi. tulilum orador-surr-glainilum nadanna koottakolayilum mattu kolapaathakangalilum niravadhi saadhaaranakkaar ulppede 4000 perr kollappettirunnu.
thookkikkollalinu sheshamulla aazhchakalil adichamarthal thudarnnu. juun 11 muthal juulai 31 vare, aayudha faaktariyude laborattari peedana kendramaayi upayogichirunnu, avide millis shmaldumaayi sahakarichu. juun 21nuu, black jacq upayogichu marddicha oraalude mukhathe murivukalil 20 vayassinu mukalilulla moonnu milishyakkaar assid ozhikkunnathu trouyil kandu. juun 21 nuu tuleic mattoru raid sahikkendi vannu, thudarnnu 80 pere austriyayil nirbandhitha thozhilinu ayachu. 1944 august 16nuu jarmman sainyam korasilekku purappettu.
juun 12 nuu tuleic kizhakkayi maimaakkinaduthulla leeii vertt enna vanapradeshathu, eph. tii. pii. pakshakkar 47 jarmman thadavukaareyum tulil pidikoodiya oru sahakariyeyum vadhichu.
mothatthil, vermactinteyum waffen-essinteyum sdyudeyum kuttakrithyangal tulil 218 sivilian irakale avakaashappettirunnu. "enganeyo, ezz. ezz. general thante lakshyam nediyirunnu prathirodhatthinteyum janangalude bheekarathayudeyum vivechanam."
vishakalanam.
charitraparamaaya gaveshanam.
jarmmankaar franch adhikaarikalkk nalkia pothu prakhyapanangalum vishadeekaranangalum nirayudha jarmman sainikarude kolapaathakathinulla saadhyathaye vishwasaneeyamaayi paraamarsikkunnu. jarmman vaadamanusarichu, prathikaarangal anthaaraashtra sainika niyamathinu anusrithamaayirunnu, 1940 juun 22 leeii vedinirthal niyamathinum randaamathe hage kanvenshanum keezhil. jarmman sainikar bandikalaakkiyavare vadhashikshaykk vidheyaraakkiyathinekkurikkum italiyil aardittain koottakkolaykk vidheyanaaya oralekkurichum beljiyathil nadanna vichaaranayethudarnnu, tyool koottakkola sayudha samgharshathinte niyamam lamghichuvennu oraalkk nigamanam cheyyaam.karayile yuddha niyamangalum aachaarangalum sambandhicha 1907leeii naalaamathe hage kanvenshanile anubandha niyanthranatthinte 40,41,46,50 vakuppukal prathyekichum
athupole aaa kanvenshante aamukhathile "martens closs". athesamayam, tyool kesil "prathikaarangal" enna padam upayogikkunnathu bruno kertheuser ethirkkunnu "juun 9,10 theeyathikalil tyool nivasikalaaya noorukanakkinu aalukalude maranavum naadukadatthalum valare vyakthamaayi oru yudhakkuttamaanu. prathikaarangal pole mattethenkilum peru, eee kuttakrithyangalile kuttavaalikaludeyum avarumaayulla yukthiyil pankedukkunnavarudeyum padaprayogatthil ulppedunna oru velutha-kazhukal, oru kuttavimukthamaya nadapadiyaanu."
vermactinteyum kizhakkan munnaniyile waffen-essinteyum sthaapithamaaya sanbradaayangalkkanusrithaayi, prathirodhatthinte thalasthaanathe shikshikkunnathinum mattu pradeshangale bhayappeduthunnathinumaayi tulile koottakkola nadatthi; athu "vermactinteyo waffen-essinteyo esdiyudeyo amgangalaayirikkatte, niravadhi aalukalude pravartthanatthinteyum nishkriyathvathinteyum" phalamaayirunnu.
punaravalokanavaadam.
ss-"sturmbanfuhrar" oottoo weidingerude svayam prasidheekaricha vivaranagal anusarichu, niravadhi dussen jarmman sainikar keezhadangiyathinushesham kollappedukayum niravadhi mrithadehangal vikruthamaayathinte thelivukal vahikkukayum cheythu.
muun waffen-ss memper elimar sneedarinte thoolikaanaamamaaya saadi sneed, hitlar yoothu muun udyogasthanaaya herbert tage ennee mattu rund revisionistukal eee prabandham aavarthikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheiyunnu.
eee charitrakaaranmaare sambandhichidatholam, weidingerude vivaranathinu oru yogyathayumilla. eee avakaashavaadangalude sathyasandhathaye samshayikkunna eberhard jaikal, ssinte perumaattatthe nyaayeekarikkan eee athikramangal upayogichille ennu chodikkunnu."jii. penode, "bruno carthuser kandethiya sainika allengil sivilian jarmmankaarude vividha saakshyapatrangal irakal" vikrutharaakkappedunnu "enna chodyathil oru paridhivare virudhamaanu, kimvadanti anusarichu, jarmman irakal; sathyam parayanamenkil, ezz. esil ninnulla thudarnnulla prakhyapanangal vaayich, eee athikramangalekkurichu nerittu paraamarshicha oraale addeham kandethiyilla eee vimarsanam prakadippichavar [...] vishwaasyatha thangaan prayaasamaanennu thonnunna saakshikalude mozhikalil ninnu parokshamaayi ithu pracharippichu. "
cartheuser eee punaravalokana sidhaanthangale oro pooyintilum nishedhichu. 1907leeii hage kanvenshante anubandhathile article 23sii, 23dii ennivaykku virudhamaayirunnu, athu "ithu prathyekichu nirodhichirikkunnu" ennu parayunna yuddha niyamangalum aachaarangalum sambandhichathaanu..] aayudangal vecho prathirodha maarggangalillaatho vivechanaadhikaarathode keezhadangiya oru shathruvine kollukayo murippeduthukayo cheyyuka, "ezz. dii. ileyum gestappoyileyum ombathu amgangale juun 8 nuu uchathirinju vichaaranayillathe vadhichu. avakaashappedunna vikruthikale sambandhichidatholam, athu mesheen gann shottukalude adayaalangal mathramaayirunnu. oru saakshiyaya roobert lajugi parayunnathanusarichu, "uparodhikkappettavarude keezhadangalil ninnu njaan erakalude mrithadehangal kandu. chilath theerchayaayum kedupaadukal varuthiyirunnu, chila takarnna thalayottikalum thuranna mastishka dravyangalum undaayirunnu ennathu sariyaanu, pakshe athu automatic vedivayppinte saandrathayude phalamaayirunnu. [...] eee samsthaanathaanu randaam ss pancer divisionile "daas reach" gadakangal thangalude naattukaare kandethiyathu, koodaathe, mrithadehangal athikkunnathil ninnulla kooduthal kedupaadukal, mrithadehangalo thalakalo takarkkaan kazhiyunna upakaranangal upayogichu avarkk pole thanne veruthe pookunnu."eee katha sthireekarikkunnathu daas reach divisionile cheef doctorinoppam squareile doktaraayi enne udharichukondu, njangalude prathikaarangalkk oru prasakthamaaya nyaayeekaranam venamennu njangal aagrahichathinaal, daas reach divisionile moonnaam bataaliyan doktaraaya doow. hains shmidt aannu" " pattanatthil marichupoya nammude sainikarude mrithadehangal vikruthamaakkunnathu njaan kandittundo ennu addeham ennodu chodichu. ithaanu sthithi enna avakaashavaadathinu vipareethamaayi, njaan kanda arupath marichavarude shareerathe murichumaattunnathu njaan kandittillenn njaan urappichu paranju."
sneedinte pusthakam anusarichu, carthuser ezhuthi, "chila jarmman mrithadehangalkku manahpoorvvam cheytha vikruthikalkku mathiyaya kuttam, pracharicha ellah pathippukalilum ettavum kadinamaaya reethiyil, nalkunnu. ithu kandathayi sneeder paraamarsikkunnilla. [...] akkaalathe ezz. ezz, naasi sarkkilukalilum audyogika prachaaranagalilum aadyakaalangalil vyaapakamaayirunna oru pathipp maathramaan addeham pracharippikkunnath."weidingerinteyo teginteyo vivaranagal nerittulla saakshikale adisthaanamaakkiyullathalle addeham thulyamaayi abhipraayappedunnu.
anantharafalangal.
sipo-esdiyile walter schmaldine 1944 august 15 nuu prathirodha poraalikal brivil pidikoodukayum august 22 nuu vichaaranayillathe avar vadikkukayum cheythu.
1947 muthal 1951 vare thadankalil vachirunna rejimentinte avasana kamaandaraaya "derr furer" enna oottoo weidingere koottakkolayude vishayathil chodyam cheythu. neuremberg vichaaranayanusarich oru criminal samghadanayaayi kanakkaakkappedunna waffen-essinu swamedhayaa pinthuna nalkiyathinu addehathe vichaarana cheyyukayum kuttavimukthanaakkukayum cheythu. purathirangiyathinushesham, fraansil revisionist aayi kanakkaakkappedunna randaam ss pancer division "daas reach" nekkurichu addeham niravadhi pusthakangal ezhuthi.
railway steshanil pathinettu kaavalkkaare vadhichathinekkurichulla aadya anweshanam 1948 march 25 nuu avasaanippichu, 1949 march 29 nuu bordoil aarambhicha vichaaranayude adisthaanam sthaapichu, athil moonnaam bataaliyan commander kyapttan france reykkmaante utharavanusarichu aaa kolapathakangalil patthu amgangal kuttakkaaraanennu kandethi. moonnu prathikalaaya udyogastharkku 15 (france reachman, villi shlevsky) allengil 10 (jeane rettsar) varshathe kadinashramathinu shiksha vidhichu; prathikalil 4 perr kuttakkaaraanennu kandethiyenkilum utharavanusarichu pravarthichathinte adisthaanathil pinneedu vittayakkukayum 3 pere veruthe vidukayum cheythu. 1952 septambar 18nuu shlevsky retsarum purathirangukayum 1953 januvari 25nuu reachman purathirangukayum cheythu.
1947 juun 18nuu aarambhicha tulile thookkikkollalinekkur judicial anweshanam, police kammeeshanar felix hugonodinte oru thaalkkaalika reportilekku nayichu, athu thookkikkollaan lammerding utharavittu, athinte falamaayi moonnu arast vaarantukal purappeduvichu. vichaarana (qaan muthalaayavarkkethiraaya cases. 1951 juulai 4 nuu bordoil thoongikkidakkunna) thurannukodutthu, pittennu vidhi prasthaavichu. anchu perr maathramaan prathikalaayirunnath "daas reach" divisionile naalu udyogasthar-lammerding, ooral kovaattsh, division cheef oof staaf oottoo hoff, pioneer vibhaagathinte kamaandant, poola gaislarile tuleyile aayudha faaktariyile oru jarmman jeevanakkaaran. vyakthiparamaaya apakadasaadhyathakalonnum koodaathe cheyyaan kazhiyumaayirunna faaktariyile oru enchineeyarine rakshichillennu eee avasaanathe aalkkethire aaropikkapettu. kauthukakaramennu parayatte, eluppathil ulppeduthaan kazhiyumaayirunna execution schwadile amgangal ulppede noorukanakkinu aalukale vichaarana cheyyaan tribunal visammathichu.
1945 maarchil hangarian athirthikkaduthulla kizhakkan frondil maricha lammerding kovaattshum, avarude abhaavathil vadhashikshaykk vidhikkapettu; hoffin vulfinum 10 varshathe kadinamaaya advaanavum poula gaislarinu 3 varshathe thadavum labhichu. marseyil tribunalinu munbaake appeel nalkia sesham, 1952 meyy 27 nuu hoffinte shiksha kaalavadhi ulppede 5 varshamaayi kurachu. appeelil vidhichathine thudarnnu hoffine vittayachu. franch president vinsent ooriyool vulfinu mapp nalkukayum orazhcha munbu mochippikkukayum cheythirunnu. lammerdingin vadhasiksha vidhichathinushesham, franch sarkkar 1953 januvari avasaanathode britiish adhinivesha senayodoppam addehathe kaimaranamennu abhyarthikkukayum 1953 februvari 27 nuu britiish hicommissioner sakhyakakshi niyanthrana kaunsilinte 10-aamm nambar niyamaprakaaram lammerdingin arast vaarand purappeduvikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, ivaykku oru prathikaranavum labhichilla, koodaathe vilakkukalkku orikkalum neethi asoukaryamundaakkiyilla.
thante maranam vare, lammerding tulile koottakkolayude ellah utharavaadithavum nishedhichu, pakaram eee munkaiyeduthathu kovaatshaanennu prakhyaapichu "ss corpsil bharichirunna karsanamaaya shreniyum bhayanakamaaya karsanamaaya achadakkavum ariyunnathu atharam prasthaavanaykk arhathayilla.. thulyamaayi nishedhichathinu sesham, munpu, tulil undayirunnathinaal, thookkikkollalinusesham, uchakazhinju thaan avide athiyennu sthireekarikkunnathinaayi addeham thante katha maatti ennirunnaalum 1944 juun 10 leeii divishante yuddha dayari tulil lammerding ezhuthiyirunnu, juun 9 nuu aadyam 12:15 ennu samayam nalki, ennirunnaalum eee entry "pinneedu 23:15 vaayikkaan thiruthiyezhuthi". juun 9 nuu uchakazhinju tulil lamerdinginteyum athinte chuttupaadukaludeyum saannidhyam jarmman gaarisanile sainika doctor doow shmidt thulyamaayi saakshyappeduthunnu.
1961 desemberil north raine-westfaaliyayude kendra oafees lammerdinginethire nadapadikal aarambhichu, athinidayil 1962 februvariyil lammerdingine chodyam cheythu; 1962 october 9 nuu deseeya soshyalist kuttakrithyangalude anweshanathinaayi samsthaana justice administreshante kendra oafees director lammerdinginte sambhavangalude pathippine maathram adisthaanamaakki nadapadikal stey cheythu.
niravadhi bandikale kolappeduthiyathinu fraansil vadhashikshaykk vidhikkappettuvenn 1965 juulai 17-leeii pathippil aaropicha communist vaarikayaaya "dye taattinethire lammerding konduvanna dusseldorff sivil nadapadikal vare, yadhaartha anantharafalangalonnumille, tulleyile koottakolayil lammerding utharavaadiyaanennu jarmman kodathikal sthaapichu. niyamaparamaaya kandethalukal lammerdinginte avakaashavaadangale valare vyakthamaayi thallikkalayunnu "120 peradangunna oru samgham, avaril bhooribhaagavum cheruppakkaaraayirunnu, avarude samghathe thiranjedutthu, aaa graamatthile niravadhi franch pouranmaarude edapedalinethudarnnu avarude samghathe 99 aayi churukki. eee 99 perr krooramaaya reethiyil, vichaaranayillathe, muun divasam pakshapathaparamaaya aakramanathil thangalude pankaalittham theliyikkathe kollappettu. kollapetta 99 peril ettavum nalla bhagam bandikalalla, pakshapaathikalaanenna addehathinte (lammerdinginte) avakaashavaadam krithyamalla. [...] ivide, ithinakam nadatthiya pakshapathaparamaaya aakramanathinu prathikaaramaayi irakale kolappeduthukayum bhaviyil pakshapathaparamaaya aakramanangale niruthsaahappeduthukayum cheythu. yadhaartha bandikale kollunnathinekkaal kooduthal aakshepakaramaanu eee kolapathakangal ennathinaal eee saadhaaranakkaare kollunnathine bandikalude kolapathakam ennu vilikkam."
1968ll jackwus delaroo ezhuthiya "traaphiks ettu crimes sous ell okyupeshan" enna pusthakam prasidheekarichathinethu lammerding niyamathinu munnil konduvaraan avasaanamaayi shramichath. aaa prasidheekaranathethudarnnathu, tulile soshyalist deputy mayer, mondalaatt, 1968 october 11nuu, germmaniyile lammerdinginethire jarmman sarkkar nadapadikal aarambhikkanamenn franch sarkkar aavasyappedanamennum "daas raich" divishante dishayullah charithratthinte aadya vaalyam germmaniyil (oottoo weidinger enna thoolikaanaamathil) prasidheekarichathinaal athu adiyanthiramaayi cheyyanamennum aavasyappettu. athinte mungaamikaleppole, eee abhyarthana pinthudarnnilla. 1971ll lammerding 66-aamm vayassil cancer baadhichu marichu.
2008ll franch senatt anthaaraashtra criminal kodathikku anusrithamaayi franch criminal niyamam sweekarikkunnathinulla oru karadu niyamam amgeekarichu.
mattu mattangalkkoppam, eee poruthappedutthal yudhakkuttangalude parimithikalude niyamathe muppath varshamaayi parimithappedutthunnu (article 462-10). tule, orador-surr-glaine, mailey ennividangalile koottakkolakku utharavaadikalaayavarkku pothumaapp nalkunnathinu thulyamayathinaal oonarari amgamaaya piyare franchairinte neethrthwathilulla "macvis dii corres" groupinte rosham eee grandhamiloode unarthiyittundu.
charithralekhanam.
orador-surr-glainile koottakkolayekkurichulla samriddhamaaya grandhasoochanayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, tuleyile koottakkolaykk samarppichirikkunna kruthikal, poornnamaayo bhaagikamaayo thaarathamyena ennamattathaanu.
agnipareekshaye athijeevicha bandikal ezhuthiya rund kruthikal, jeane-luis bordell, aantoyin sooliyar ennivayaanu. aantoyin soliyarinte pusthakam "naadakatthile ettavum krithyavum hridayasparshiyumaaya kadhakalilonnaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. makane thookkilettiya adhyapakanaaya ezhuthukaaran, sambhavathinte punarnirmmaanatthilum utharavaadikale kandethunnathilum ettavum sajeevamaaya aalukalil oraalaayirunnu."
canon jeane espinaasinte katha thallikkalayanavilla, pakshe "vardhichuvarunna dooravum thudarchayaaya pathippukalum anusarichu, canon espinas addehathinu pradharshippicha sambhavathinte purohita praadhaanyatthe kooduthal kooduthal oonnipparayukayum charitraparamaaya uravidamenna nilayil addehathinte oormmakal kooduthal prasnakaramaavukayum cheythu. kettukadhakalude srishtiyil ettavum kooduthal sambhavana nalkiyathu canon espinaasinte kathakalum vyakthithvavumaanu. "1946 muthal pithaav espinaseyude punk adisthaanaparamaayi bruno carthuser chodyam cheythittundu. kristhyan rakthasaakshiyekkurichulla ashayam aadya vivaranathil ithinakam undaayirunnengil ("eee franch veeranmaar koodaashakalude kaivashamaan marichathennu paranjaal amanushika jeevithamaan... maranam apaharikkaathathum naayakanmaarude athijeevanathekkaal kooduthalaayathum avarkk arhathayundaayirunnathum.") 1979-leeii pathippil, mathaparamaya vasham vasthuthakalekkaal munganana nedi" "suvisheshathilennapole, bhaaviyile kuttavaalikale idathuvashathekku ayachu", "shikshikkappettavarilaaril daivathinteyo yeshuvinteyo nirasikkal njaan kandilla"."maarksist ashayangalum bhouthikavaadikalum nireeshwaravaadikalum polum ulla oru thathwachintha adhyaapakante "father espinas thookkilettunnathinu munbulla mathaparivarthanathekkurichu" paraamarshichu...] njangalude pithaavine pinthudarnnu kaathirunna kayarukalkkarikilekku kannuneer ozhiyaathe nadannavan... jeevithathilekku!"allengil avasana nimisham mapp labhicha oraal, avane veruthevittillaayirunne", japamala vahicha ekatheyaanu vadhichathu."
prefect troulinte lekhanam paraamarsikkendathum aavasyamaanu, "[tulile vichi gavanmentil ninnu] addehathinte utharavine nyaayeekarikkan prathyekamaayi uddeshichullathaanu."bruno carthusere sambandhichidatholam", eee pusthakam ethratholam vishwasaneeyamaaya charitra srotassaayi upayogikkaamenn theerumaanikkaan prayaasamaan. prefectinte utharavaadithangal ettavum kuravullidatthu rekha ettavum krithyamaanu; ennirunnaalum, prefectinte badhyatha chodyam cheyyaan kazhiyumenkil, sambhavangalude punarvivaranam kooduthal aathmanishtamaanu."
1960num 1990num idayil prasidheekaricha kruthikalil bhooribhaagavum-kenal remi (1963), jorjas byoo ettu leopold gaubuso (1969/1984), henry amourox (1974), marsell meisisignac (1978) maiks hustings (1983), henry demay (1993), jeane bese (1996)-"sambhavangal bhaagikamaayi maathram anubhavicha vyakthikalil ninno moonnaam kakshikalude prasthaavanakale adisthaanamaakkiyulla avarude akkoundukalil ninno vannavar; jarmman aarkkaivukalil ninnum rekhakalil ninnum theliyikkapetta arivinte abhavam allengil kuranjathu kuranjathu, avarude desasnehaparamaaya prathibaddhatha anubavikkunnu"."pradhaanamaayum saankalppikavalkkarikkatpadu, sambhavangalkk saakshyam vahikkatha kenal remiyude pusthakam vyaapakamaayitheerukayum niravadhi vaayanakkaarkk tulile sambhavangalekkurichulla vivarangalude pradhana uravidamaavukayum cheythu" aakarshakamaaya oru katha nalkaanulla rachayithaavinte aagraham lajjakaravum saakshyathinte moolyathekkurichu samshayam srishtikkunnathumaanu."jackwus delaatyoovinte kruthi," "traaphiks ettu crimes suus ell okyupeshan" "(1968)," "ell histoyar dii laa gestappo" "(1962) leeii onnu pole, pala kaaranangalal reference pusthakangalaann avaa sambhavangalil ulppetta oru praadeshika groupil ninnullathalla; avar anweshicha vasthuthakale kathayude kendratthil vaykkukayum avaa sandarbhathil sambhavangalude sthiramaaya avatharanathilethukayum cheiyunnu"."
1971ll frank-tierer resistans groupile oru koottam muun amgangal ezhuthiya "macvis dii corres" enna kruthiyude aadya pathipp vannu. eee aadya pathippil oru hrasvamaaya soochanayallaathe steshan gaardukalude kolapaathakamo thookkikkollalo ulppettirunnilla. eee rund episodukalum randaam (1988) allengil anchaam (1995) pathippukalil maathrame prathyakshappedukayulloo. jeey.jeey. fauchum jii. aaa jolie, palisha illaathathallengilum, kooduthalum eph. tii. piyudeyum franch communist party theerumaanangalude nyaayeekaranamaanu.
traaphiks ettu crimes sous ell okyupeshan" enna prasidheekaranam, oottoo weidinger, hains lammerding, albert stuklar ennivarumaayi chernnu samghadippicha waffen-ssile muun amgangalil ninnu sakthamaaya prathikaranangalkk kaaranamaayi. jarmman, franch idanilakkaariloode leopold gaubasoyude pusthaka rachana oottoo weidinger shakthamayi swaadheenichu. 1968 juulai 12 nuu weidingerinu ayacha kathil randaamathethu sthireekarichu "fraansil communism swathanthramaanu. athinte pracharanam shakthavum shaasthreeyavumaanu. [...] 1945ll communist pracharanam athinte nettatthinaayi tule oradorum upayogikkukayaayirunnu. athil ingane parayunnu "daas reach", athu faasisam, nasham, maranam ennivayaanu."vidingeril ninnu lamerdingilekkulla oru kathil gaubusoyude adimatham paraamarsikkappettundu" doow. gaubusoye sambandhichidatholam, ithu praadhamikamaayi delaatyoovinte negatteevu sthireekaranangalum valachodikkalukalum vyakthamaayi nishedhikkaan uddeshichullathaanu. [...] oru samyuktha yogam samghadippikkunnathinulla abhyarthana ningalkk samarppikkaan addeham ennodu aavasyappettu. [...] ningal utharavaadiyallennum ningale arian theerchayaayum aagrahikkunnuvennum doow. gaubusoikku bodhyamundu."jarmman idanilakkaaril oralaaya helmut grattsmaachar aaa abhipraayathodu rekhaamoolam yojichu" "eee daarunamaaya sambhavangalil vibhajanam" "daas reachineyum" "jarmaniyeyum samrakshikkunnath engane pravarthikkunnuvennu kaanunnath oru tharatthil sparsikkunnu"."
herbert tage, saadi sneed, oottoo weidinger ennivarude jarmman kruthikale sambandhichidatholam, prathikaludeyum avarude abhibhaashakarudeyum yudhaananthara pravarthanangalil parambaraagatha nyaayeekaranatthinte vaachaadopathinte thudarchaye ayogyaraakkunna eee "moonnu nishedhaathmaka kruthikal"... vasthuthakalum sathyavum thiranjedutthu kaikaaryam cheiyunnathaanu avayude savisheshatha."
walter schmaldinte vyakthithvathe kendreekarichulla bruno kaarthyoosarinte 4 vaalyangalile rachanakal tyoolinte koottakkolayude charithram punaparisodhikkukayum aazhathilaakkukayum cheythu. franch, jarmman (aarkkaivukal, prasidheekaranangal, judicial rekhakal, vaakkalulla charithrangal) ennivayile ellah srothassukaludeyum vimarsanaathmaka parisodhanaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu kaarthyoosarinte kruthikal, sambhavangal sandarbhathilum desasnehamillaathe parishodhikkunnu. 2008ll carthuser eee kruthiye 4 vaalyangalayi vibhajichathu, jeane-jacks fauche, gilbert byoobaatti ennivarude kruthikalumaayi poruthappettu, ithu sambhavangalil puthiya velicham veeshunnu, prathyekichu daas reach divishante mosham avasthayude thelivukal eduthukaanikkunnu, ithu apakadamalla, tulile aakramanathinu eftipiyude thayyaareduppillaaymayum adichamarthalil iva vahicha pankum.
tulile oru theruvinte peru, "ruu duu 9-juin-1944",
eee sambhavangal oormmippikkunnu.
paraamarshangal.
vivarakkuripukal
avalambangal
grandhasoochika
kooduthal vaayana

