
barok shilpam

pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathinum pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathinum edayilulla kaalaghattatthile barok shailiyumaayi bandhapetta silpamaanu barok shilpam. barok shilpathil, roopangalude koottangal puthiya praadhaanyam ettedukkukayum manushyaroopangalude chalanathmaka chalanavum oorjjavum undaakukayum cheythu-avaa shoonyamaaya oru kendra chuzhalikkaattinu chuttum karangukayo chuttumulla sthalathekku puratthekku athukayo cheythu. barok shilpathin palappozhum onniladhikam anuyojyamaaya kazhcha konukal undaayirunnu, koodaathe vrithaakruthiyil srishticha shilpakalayilekk nayikkunna navothaanatthinte pothuvaaya thudarcha prathifalippikkukayum oru valia sthalathinte madhyathil sthaapikkaan roopakalppana cheyyukayum cheythu-jian lorenzo bernini fontana dee kwatro fiyami (roome, 1651) polulla vipulamaaya uravakal allengil vezhsaayile poonthottangalilullava oru barok savisheshathayaayirunnu. dhii eksattasi oof sent tereza" (1647-1652) polulla kruthikalil bernini aaa kaalaghattatthile aadipathyamulla vyakthiyayirikke barok shaili shilpathin thikachum anuyojyamaayirunnu. mikka barok silpangalum adhika shilpa gadakangal chertthu, udaaharanathinu, maranjirikkunna lighting, allengil jaladharakal, allengil fuse cheytha shilpavum vaasthuvidya kaazhchakkaaran oru parivartthana anubhavam srishtikkunnu. kalakaaranmaar thangale classical paarambaryatthil kaanunnundengilum innu kaanunnathupole kooduthal classical kaalaghattathekkaal hellenistic, pilkkala roman shilpangale prashamsichu.
barok shilpam navothaanavum reethiparavumaaya shilpathe pinthudarnnu, athinusesham rococo neoclassical shilpavum vannu. eee shaili roopappetta aadyakaala kendramaayirunnu roome. pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathil yooroppinte mattu bhaagangalilekku eee shaili vyaapichu, prathyekichu france oru puthiya dishaabodham nalki. oduvil athu europinappurathu europian shakthikalude colonial swathukkalilekku, prathyekichu laattin amerikkayilum philippainsilum vyaapichu.
protestant parishkaranangal vadakkan europinte bhooribhaagathum mathaparamaya shilpangalkk eathaandu poornnamaaya anthyam varuthiyirunnu, mathethara shilpangal, prathyekichu chhaayaachithra prathimakalkum shavakudeera smarakangalkkum, thudarnnuvenkilum, dutch suvarnna kaalaghattatthinu svarnnappanikkaaranu purathu kaaryamaaya shilpa gadakangalonnumilla. bhaagikamaayi nerittulla prathikaranatthil, madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathilennapole catholica mathathilum shilpam pradhanamaayirunnu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthi muthal catholica thekkan netherlands barok shilpathinte abhivridhi kandu, niravadhi praadeshika varkshoppukal palli furnitureukal, shavasamskara smarakangal, anakkombu, boxes wood polulla modiyulla marangalil nirmmicha cherukida shilpangal ennivayulppede vishalamaaya barok shilpangal nirmmichu. dutch republic, itali, englandu, sweeden, france ennivayulppede videshathu barok bhaashaaprasangam pracharippikkunnathil flemish shilpikal oru pradhana punk vahikkum.
pathinettaam noottaandil dhaaraalam shilpangal barok reethiyil thudarnnu-trevi jaladhara 1762 ll maathramaan poortthiyaayathu. rococo shaili cheria srishtikalkku kooduthal anuyojyamaayirunnu.
uthbhavavum savisheshathakalum.
classical greak, roman shilpangale adisthaanamaakki manushyaroopathe aadarshamaakkiya navothaana silpangalil ninnaan barok shaili uyarnnuvannathu. kalakaaranmaar avarude srishtikalkku savisheshavum vyakthiparavumaaya oru shaili nalkaan shramichappol ithu reethishaasthrathaal parishkarikkapettu. yuvathvavum praayavum soundaryavum kurish, purushanmaarum sthreekalum enningane sakthamaaya vairudhyangal ulkkollunna shilpangalude ashayam reethivaadam avatharippichu. barok silpakalayude pradhana savisheshathayaayi marria "figuera serpenteena" yum methism avatharippichu. oru aarohana sarppilathile roopangalude allengil roopangalude grouppukalude krameekaranamaayirunnu ithu, ithu srishtiykku laghuthayum chalanavum nalki.
marikkunna adima" (1513-1516), "vijayi" (1520-1525) ennivayil "figure sarppan" michelanchalo avatharippichirunnuvena eee kruthikale orotta veekshanakonil ninnu kaanaanaan uddeshichathu. pathinaram noottaandinte avasaanathil itaaliyan shilpi gambolognayude kruthiyil, "sabeen sthreekale balaalsangam cheyyuka" (1581-1583). oru puthiya ghadakam avatharippichu; eee kruthi onnil ninnalla, marichu niravadhi kaazhchappaadukalil ninnu kaanaan uddeshichullathaanu, kaazhchappaadine aashrayich ithu maari, ithu barok shilpathil valare saadhaaranamaaya oru savisheshathayaayi maari. barok kaalaghattatthile yajamananmaaril, prathyekichu bernini, gambolognayude pravarthanangalkku sakthamaaya swaadheenamundaayirunnu.
barok shailiyilekku nayicha mattoru pradhana swaadheenam protestantisathinte uyarchaykkethiraaya pooraattatthil kalaparamaaya aayudangal thedunna catholica sabhayaayirunnu. kalaparamaaya srishtiye nayikkaan kaunsil oof trent (1545-1563) maarppaappaykk kooduthal adikaarangal nalkukayum navothaanakaalathu kalayude kendramaayirunna maanavika sidhaanthangalodu sakthamaaya viyojip prakadippikkukayum cheythu. pooll vii (<aii. dii. 1>) yude pontification kaalath sabha parishkaranatthe prathirodhikkunnathinaayi kalaparamaaya sidhaanthangal vikasippikkaan thudangukayum avaa nadappilakkaan puthiya kalakaaranmaare niyogikkukayum cheythu.
bernini, roman barok shilpam.
barok shilpathile prabalanaaya vyakthi jian lorenzo bernini (1598-1680) aayirunnu. pooll vii. marpappa romilek vilicha florentin silpiyaaya pietro bernini yude makanaayirunnu addeham. pathinanjaam vayassil bernini thante aadya sooloo kruthikal nirmmikkukayum 1618-25 ll kardinal sipiyon borghese villayude prathimakalkkayi oru pradhana kammeeshan labikkukayum cheythu. onniladhikam pondukalil ninnu kaanaan roopakalppana cheythathum mukalilekku valarunnathumaya addehathinte kruthikal, valare naadakeeyavum europian shilpathil valia swaadheenam chelutthi. sent baldequin enna roman neeruravakalekkurichulla thante kruthikaliloode addeham itaaliyan shilpathil aadhipathyam thudarnnu. sent peettarum alexander ettaaman maarppaappayude shavakudeeravum. peettezhsinte basilica romile santa-maria della vittoriya pallikkayulla addehathinte balipeetavum. aanayude jaladharaykkaayi (1665-1667) addehathinu thante avasana jaladhara shilpa kammeeshan labhichu, thudarnnu romile saant aanjalo paalatthinaayi (1667-69) maalaakhamaarude oru parambara labhichu.
bernini 1680-ll marichuvenkilum addehathinte shaili europiludaneelamulla shilpikale, prathyekichu france, bavaria, austriya ennividangalile shilpikale swaadheenichu.
maderno, mochi, mattu itaaliyan barok shilpikal.
udaaramaaya maarppaappayude niyogangal romine italiyileyum europiludaneelamulla shilpikalude kanthamakki. avar pallikal, chathurangal, oru roome prathyekatha, poppukal nagarathinu chuttum srishticha janapriya puthiya neeruravakal enniva alankarichu. bernini srishtikkunnathinu munbu, yadhaarthathil lombardyile bissonil ninnulla stephaano maderna (1576-1636). venkalathil classical kruthikalude cheria valippathilulla pakarppukal nirmmichu addeham thante currier aarambhichu. romile traastivarile sent cecilia pallikkayi (1600) sent sesiliyude prathimayaayirunnu addehathinte pradhana valia thothilulla pravartthanam. vishudhante shareeram oru shavakudeerathilennapole neettiyirikkunnu, ithu oru karunabodham ulavaakkunnu.
florencinaduthulla mondevaarchiyil janicha francesco mochi (1580-1654) aayirunnu aadyakaalathe mattoru pradhana roman shilpi. piyasensayude pradhana chathuratthinaayi (1620-1625) alexander faarnasinte prashasthamaaya venkala kuthirasavaari prathimayum sent peettezhsinte basilikkaykkaayi vishudha veronicayude ujjwalamaaya prathimayum addeham nirmmichu, aval kulungi chaadunnathayi thonnunnu.
mattu sradheyamaaya itaaliyan barok shilppikalil alessandro algardi (1598-1654) ulppedunnu, addehathinte aadyathe pradhana kammeeshan vaattikkanile lioo pathinaraman maarppaappayude shavakudeeramaayirunnu. addehathinte rachanakal shailiyil samaanamaayirunnuvenkilum addeham bernini yude ethiraaliyaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. lioo onnaaman marpappa attila hanum (1646-1653) thammilulla aithihaasika koodikkaazhchayude oru valia shilppaakruthiyilulla bays-releaf addehathinte mattu pradhana kruthikalil ulppedunnu, athil romine aakramikkaruthenn marpappa attila prerippichu.
itaaliyan barokkile mattoru pradhana vyakthiyaan flemish shilpi francois duckwessnoy (1597-1643). chithrakaaranaaya pousinte suhruthaayirunna addeham romile santa maria dii lorettoyile vishudha susannayude prathimaykkum vaattikkaanile vishudha andrew (1629-1633) yude prathimaykkum perukettirunnu. fraansile luis pathinaaraamante rajakeeya shilpi ennu addeham ariyappettirunnuvenkum 1643ll romile paareesilekkulla yaathraykkide addeham marichu.
avasana kaalaghattatthile pradhana shilpikalil nicolo salvi (1697-1751) ulppedunnu, addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya kruthi trevi jaladhaarayude roopakalppanayaayirunnu (1732-1751). philippo della vaali pietro brachi, jiovanni grossy ennivayulppede mattu pramukha itaaliyan barok shilpikalude saangalppika kruthikalum eee jaladharayil undaayirunnu. jaladhara, athinte ellah mahathwathilum ullaasathilum, itaaliyan barok shailiyude avasana pravartthanatthe prathinidheekarikkunnu.
france.
franch barok shilpathinte pradhana bhagam sabhaye mahathwappeduthaanalla, marichu franch rajaavaaya fraansile luis pathinaraman addehathinte pingamiyaaya luis pathinaraman mahathwappeduthaanaanu uddeshichathu. 1648ll sthaapithamaaya puthiya royal akkadami oof painting aandu shilpathinte silpikalaanu ithinte bhooribhaagavum nirmmichathu, pinneedu raajaavinte dhanakaaryamantriyaaya jeane-baptist colbertinte melnottathilaayirunnu ithu. franch shilpikal chithrakaaranmaar, aarkkitektukal, andrey leeii nottare polulla landscape designermar ennivarumaayi chernnu vezhsaay kottaaratthilum athinte poonthottangalilum mattu rajakeeya vasathikalilum kaanapedunna shilpa efakttukal srishtikkunnathinum paareesilum mattu franch nagarangalilum srishticha puthiya nagara chathurangalkkayulla prathimakal srishtikkunnathinum pravarthichu. franch silpikalkkum chithrakaaranmaarkkum classical modalukal padikkaan kazhiyunnathinayi colbert romil franch academy sthaapichu.
barok kaalaghattatthinte aadyakaalathu, franch shilpikale pradhaanamaayum flandersileyum netherlandileyum chithrakaaranmaar swaadheenichirunnu. prathyekichu italiyile shilpathekkaal giambolognayude reethi. eee kalakaaranmaaril jermaine pailan (1525-1590); jeane warrin (1604-1672), jackwus sarrasin (1592-1660) ennivar ulppedunnu. prashasthiyude unnathiyilethiya bernini thanne 1665ll paareesiletthi luis pathinaalaamante aduthekku looyvarinaayi swantham padhathi avatharippichu. bernini allengil addehathinte pravrithikal rajaavinu eshtappettilla, padhathi nirasikkapettu, ennirunnaalum bernini ippol vezhsaay kottaaratthil pradharshippichirikkunna luis pathinaalaamante oru mikacha prathima nirmmichu.
vezhsaay kottaaratthile jaladhaarakalude poonthottangalkkum mattu rajakeeya vasathikalkkumayi prathimakal nirmmikkaan mikacha franch shilpikale niyogichu. piyar pugettu, jackwus sarasin, francois jiraardan, jeane-baptist tubie, aantoyin coisevox, edmi bouchaardan enniva ithil ulppedunnu. chaatto dii marleyude poonthottangalkkaayi gillom koosttau oru prathyeka koottam kuthirakale srishtichu.
barok kaalaghattatthinte pilkkala varshangalil, romile franch academyude director jeane baptist lemoine (1704-1778) ettavum mikacha rococo silpiyaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, ennirunnaalum addehathinte prashasthi addehathinte sishyanaaya jeane-antoin haudan marikadannu, addeham franch shilpathe barokkil ninnu klaasikkisathilekku parivartthanam cheythu.
thekkan netherlands.
spanish, roman catholica bharanathin keezhil thudarnna thekkan netherlands vadakkan europil barok shilpam pracharippikkunnathil pradhana punk vahichu. roman catholica virudhamaaya vivaranam kalakaaranmaar sabhayude pashchaathalatthil nannayi arivullavarodu samsarikkunnathinupakaram nirakshararumaayi samsaarikkunna paintingukalum silpangalum srishtikkanamennu aavasyappettu. mathasidhaanthathinte chila poyintukalkku eee virudhamaaya vivaranam oonnal nalki, athinte falamaayi kuttasammatham polulla chila palli furnitureukalkku kooduthal praadhaanyam labhichu. eee sambhavavikasangal thekkan netherlandsile mathaparamaya shilpangalude aavasyam kuthane vardhippikkaan kaaranamaayi. thante kariyarinte bhooribhaagavum romilaanu pravarthicha brassels shilpi francois duckwessnoy oru pradhana vesham cheythu. bernini klaasikkisavumaayi kooduthal adukkunna addehathinte kooduthal vipulamaaya barok shaili addehathinte sahodaran jerom duckwessnoy (II) vazhiyum romile addehathinte varkshoppil padicha mattu flemish kalakaaranmaaraaya rombout povels, orupakshe artus quellinus dhii elder ennivayiloodeyum thekkan netherlandsil vyaapichu.
prashastha shilpikaludeyum chithrakaaranmaarudeyum oru kudumbatthile amgamaaya mootha artus quellinus, mattoru pramukha flemish silpiyaaya artus quellinus dhii ilayayaalude bandhuvum yajamananumaayirunnu ettavum pramukha shilpi. aant verppil janicha addeham romil samayam chelavazhichu, avide praadeshika barok shilpavum thante desavaasiyaaya francois dukwesnoy shilpavum parichayapettu. 1640ll aant verpilekku madangiyethiya addeham shilpiyude veshathekkurichulla oru puthiya darshanam konduvannu. shilpi oru alankaarakkaaranaayirunnil, marichu vasthuvidyaa gadakangalkku pakaram shilpangal sthaapicha oru samboornna kalaasrishtiyude srashtaavaayirunnu. palliyude akathalathil ulppeduthiya valia thothilulla rachanakal srishtikkunnathinulla avasaramaayi palli furnitureukal maari. 1650 muthal, quellinus aamstardaamile puthiya sitti haalil pradhana aarkkitekt jacob vaan campanodoppam 15 varsham jolie cheythu. ippol anakkettile rajakeeya kottaram ennu vilikkappedunna eee nirmmaana padhathiyum prathyekichu adhehavum addehathinte workshop nirmmicha marble alankaarangalum aamstardaamile mattu kettidangalkk oru udaaharanamaayi maari. aamstardaam sitti haalile thante pravartthana samayat artus melnottam vahicha shilpikalude samghathil niravadhi shilpikal ulppedunnu, pradhaanamaayum flandezhsil ninnullavar, avarude swantham avakaashathil pramukha silpikalaayi maarum, athaayath addehathinte cussin artus quellinus randaaman, rombout verhalst, barthalomius eggezhs, gabriel grupello, orupakshe gibbanukal chirichu. pinneedu avar addehathinte barok bhaashaapatham dutch republicilum germmaniyilum englandilum pracharippichu. thekkan netherlandsile barok shilpathinte randaamathe pradhana kendramaaya meshelin swadeshiyaaya lucas faidarbe (1617-1697) aayirunnu mattoru pradhana flemish barok shilpi. rubensinte varkshoppil aantverppil pariseelanam nediya addeham thekkan netherlandsile uyarnna barok shilpangalude vyaapanathil pradhana punk vahichu.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil thekkan netherlands athinte painting skoolinte ulppaadanathilum prashasthiyilum kuthane idivundaayappol, aabhyantharavum anthardesheeyavumaaya aavashyathinteyum aant verppile niravadhi famili varkshoppukalude vanthothilulla uyarnna nilavaaramulla ulppaadanathinteyum preranayil, praadhaanyamulla paintinginu pakaram shilpangal maari. prathyekichum, quellinus, jaann, robrekt collin dii noll, jaann, cornellis vaan mildert, habrekt, norbert vaan denne ainde, peettar I, peettar II, hendrick france verbrugan, villem, villem ignatius kericks, piyattar skeemaker, lodevijk willemens ennivayude varkshoppukal, palli furnitureukal, shavasamskara smarakangal, boxes wood polulla anakkombu, modiyulla kaadukalil nirmmicha cheria thothilulla shilpangal ennivayulppede vaividhyamaarnna shilpangal nirmmichu. muthirnna artus quellinus uyarnna barokkine prathinidheekarichappol, avasaanathe barok ennu vilikkappedunna barokkinte kooduthal aaveshakaramaaya oru ghattam 1660kalil aarambhichu. eee ghattathil matha-sthiramaaya praathinidhyangaliloodeyum aadambaravum aadambaravumaya alankaarangaliloodeyum prakadamaaya kruthikal kooduthal naadakamaayi maari.
dutch republic.
pradhaanamaayum kaalvinist dutch republic speyinil ninnu aadhipathyam thakartha sesham, anthaaraashtra prashasthanaaya hendrick dii keyser (1565-1621) enna oru silpiye nirmmichu. aamstardaaminte mukhya shilpiyum pradhana pallikaludeyum smaarakangaludeyum srashtaavumaayirunnu addeham. delfttile newe kerkkile vilyam dhii sailant (1614-1622) enna shavakudeeramaanu addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya shilpakala. yadhaarthathil karuthathum ennaal ippol veluthathumaaya marble kondu nirmmicha shavakudeeram, nisshabdanaaya vilyam, addehathinte paadangalil "mahathvam", konukalil naalu pradhana gunangal ennivaye prathinidheekarikkunna venkala prathimakalodeyaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. sabha kaalvinist aayathinal, pradhana sadgunangalude sthree roopangal thala muthal call vare poornnamaayum dharichirunnu.
1650 muthal aamstardaamile puthiya sitti haalil pathinanju varsham jolie cheythirunna flemish silpiyaaya artus quellinus dhii eldarinte vidyaarthikalum sahaayikalum dutch republicil barok shilpathinte vyaapanathil pradhana punk vahichu. ippol anakkettile rajakeeya kottaram ennu vilikkappedunna eee nirmmaana padhathiyum prathyekichu adhehavum addehathinte workshop nirmmicha marble alankaarangalum aamstardaamile mattu kettidangalkk oru udaaharanamaayi maari. eee padhathiyil pravartthikkaan kvellinasumaayi chernna niravadhi flemish shilpikalkk dutch barok shilpathil pradhana swaadheenam undaayirunnu. shavasamskara smarakangal, poonthotta roopangal, chhaayaachithrangal ennivayulppede marble smaarakangalude pramukha silpiyaayi marria rombout verhalst avayil ulppedunnu.
dutch republicile barok shilpathin sambhavana nalkia mattu flemish shilpikal jaann claudius dii kookk, jaann baptist saavari, piyattar saavari, barthalomius eggezhs, francis vaan bosuit ennivaraayirunnu. avaril chilar praadeshika shilpikale parisheelippichu. udaaharanathinu dutch shilpi johanns ebler (c. 1666-1706) rombout verhalst, piyattar severy, francis vaan bosuit ennivaril ninnu pariseelanam nediyirikkaam. ignatius vaan logtterante maasttar koodiyaayirunnu vaan bosuit ennu vishwasikkappedunnu. vaan logteranum makan jaann vaan logteranum pathinettaam noottaandile aamstardaam munvashathe vaasthuvidyayilum alankaarathilum oru pradhana mudra pathippichu. avarude srishtikal avasaanathe barokkinte avasana kodumudiyum dutch republicile shilpathile aadyathe rococo sailiyumaanu.
englandu.
englandile aadyakaala barok shilpam bhookhandathile mathayudhangalil ninnulla abhayaarthikalude varavu swaadheenichu. eee shaili sweekaricha aadyathe engleesh shilpikalil oraal nicolas kallayirunnu (nicolas stoon dhii elder ennum ariyappedunnu) (1586-1652). mattoru engleesh shilpi isak jaimsinodum 1601-ll englandile vanyajeevi sanketham pidicheduttha prashastha dutch shilpi hendrick dii keyserode addeham pariseelanam nedi. stoon dii keyserinoppam hollandlake madangukayum makale vivaham kazhikkukayum 1613ll englandilekku madangivarunnathuvare dutch republicile thante studiyoyil jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. kallu shavasamskara smaarakangalude barok sailiye sweekarichu, ithinaayi dii keyser ariyappettirunnu, prathyekichu lady elisabath keriyude (1617-18) shavakudeerathilum sarr vilyam karlinte (1617) shavakudeerathilum. dutch shilpikaleppole, shavasamskara smarakangalil vyathyasthamaaya karuppum veluppum marble upayogikkunnathum shradhaapoorvvam vishadamaaya vasthradhaaranavum sradheyamaaya prakrithivaadavum yaadhaarthyabodhavum upayogichu mukhangalum kaikalum nirmmikkukayum cheythu. silpiyaayi jolie cheytha athe samayam, ineego jonsumaayi oru aarkkitektaayum addeham sahakarichu.
pathinettaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil, dutch republicil pariseelanam nediya anglo-dutch shilpiyum thadi kothupaniyum punchirikkunna gibbanukal (1648-1721) englandil windser kotta hampton court palas, sent. pools cathedral mattu lunden pallikalum. addehathinte mikka kruthikalum chunnaambu ("tilia") marathilaanu, prathyekichu alankaara barok maalakalaan. mahathaaya manushyarkk (engleesh yogyathakal ennu vilikkappedunnavar) smaaraka shavakudeerangal, chhaayaachithra shilpangal, smarakangal ennivayude aavasyam niravettaan kazhiyunna oru thaddesheeya shilpa vidyaalayam englandil undaayirunnilla. thalphalamaayi, bhookhandathil ninnulla shilpikal englandile barok shilpathinte vikasanathil oru pradhana punk vahichu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthi muthal artus quellinus III, aantoon verhuke, joonn nose, peettar vaan divot, laurence vaan derr myulan ennivarulppede vividha flemish shilpikal englandil sajeevamaayirunnu. eee flemish kalakaaranmaar palappozhum gibbanukal polulla praadeshika kalakaaranmaarumaayi sahakarichu. gibbanukalude roopakalppanaykku sesham marble peedatthinaayulla durithaashwaasa paanalukal quellinus kothiyeduttha chaals randaamante kuthirasavaari prathima oru udaaharanamaanu.
pathinettaam noottaandil, flimish silpikalaaya peettar schemakermar, laurent delvox, joonn maikkal risbrack, franch vamshajanaaya luis francois rubiliac (1707-1767) ennivarulppede bhookhanda kalakaaranmaarude puthiya varavu barok shaili thudarnnu. pathinettaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil smarakangal, vasthuvidyaa alankaarangal, chhaayaachithrangal ennivayude munnira shilpikaliloraalaayirunnu risbrack. addehathinte shaili flimish barokkine classical swaadheenangalumaayi samyojippichu. addeham oru pradhana shilpashala nadatthi, athinte uthppaadanam englandile shilpa parisheelanatthil oru pradhana mudra pathippichu. sii. rubiliac landanilethi. 1730, paareesile dresdonilum nicolas koosttuvilum baltasar permosarinte keezhil pariseelanam nediya sesham. oru chhaayaachithra silpiyaayi addeham prashasthi nedukayum pinneedu shavakudeera smarakangalil pravartthikkukayum cheythu. waxhall gaardansinte rakshaadhikaarikkaayi handalinte jeevithakaalathu nirmmicha samgeethasamvidhaayakante oru prathimayum josephinteyum lady elisabath naittengaleyudeyum (1760) shavakudeeravum addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya kruthikalil ulppedunnu. 1731ll minnal veeshiyadicha vyaja prasavathe thudarnnu elisabath daarunamaayi marikkukayum shavasamskara smaarakam avarude maranatthinte karuna valare yaadhaarthyabodhathode pidichedukkukayum cheythu. addehathinte silpangalum prathimakalum addehathinte prajakale avar enganeyaayirunno athupole chithreekarichu. saadhaarana vasthram dharichu veeryam nadikkunna bhaavangalillathe swaabhaavika bhaavangalum bhaavangalum nalki. addehathinte chhaayaachithrangal valia oorjjaswalatha kaanikkunnu, athinaal risbraakkinte vishalamaaya perumaattatthil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu.
germmaniyum habsburg saamrajyavum.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum germmaniyilum viyannayil ninnu bharichirunna habsburg saamraajyathinte samsthaanangalilum barok prasthaanam abhivridhippettu. parishkaranatthilum mathayudhangalilum protestant prathimakal dhaaraalam pallikalum prathimakalum nasippikkukayum avaykku pakaramaayi dhaaraalam puthiya srishtikal nirmmikkukayum cheythu. herculese oru simhathe kollunnu, vishudha maikkal oru dragonine kollunnu, protestantukalude mail catholica sabhayude vijaythe prathinidheekarikkunna mattu vishayangal enningane pala puthiya kruthikalum vijayaparamaya prameyangal prakadippichu.
punarnirmmaanatthil pankedukkaan netherlandil ninnu niravadhi shilpikal vannu. jarmman banker hans fuger kircheyimil thante kottaykkaayi oru smaaraka neerurava nirmmikkaan niyogicha jambolognayile vidyaarthiyaaya aamstardaamil ninnulla hubert gerhard (1550-1622) avaril ulppedunnu. alpsinu vadakku nirmmicha aadyathe itaaliyan barok shailiyilulla jaladharayaayirunnu ithu. augsburgile taunn squarinaayi itaaliyan-barok shailiyilulla oru jaladhara sent sent prathimayum nirmmikkaan gerhardine taamasiyaathe niyogichu. myoonikkile raajakumaarante thaamasathinaayi maikkal oru dragonine kollunnu. shilpikal hans crumper (1570-1634), hans reachel (1570-1624), dutch vamshajanaaya adrian dii vrees (1545-1626) ennivar bavaariyayile palliyude munvashangalkkum pattana chathurangalkkumayi samanamaaya smaaraka venkala uravakalum prathimakalum nirmmichu.
mathaparamaya shilpathinum angeyattatthe aavishkaarangal chithreekarikkunna shilpachithrangalude oru parambaraykkum peruketta france saavar messersmidt aayirunnu barokkinte avasaanathile ettavum asaadhaaranamaaya jarmman silpikaliloraal.
baltasar permosure (1651-1732) dresdonile kottara silpiyaakunnathinu munbu 1675 muthal 1689 vare pathinaalu varsham italiyil chelavazhichu. addeham venis, roome, florence ennividangalil jolie cheyyukayum itaaliyan barok dresdonylake konduvarikayum cheythu, prathyekichu poonthottangalilum swinger kottaaratthinte ulvasham alankarikkukayum cheythu. automan thurkkikalude adhiniveshathe paraajayappedutthiya generalaya "dhaa apotheosis oof prins yujeen oof saavoy" enna shilpamaayirunnu addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya kruthi. parajayappetta oru turkkil kaalukal vechum herculesinte savisheshathakalodeyumaanu rajakumarane chithreekarichirikkunnathu. dresdonile hofkircheykkaayi addeham silpamaakkiya pulpit barok shilpathinte mattoru maastarpees aanu.
germmaniyile barok silpakalayude ettavum naadakeeyamaaya thiyettar palli vaasthuvidyayaayirunnu. prathyekichu sankeernamaaya retableukalum uyarnna baloonukalum. prathimakalaal niranjathum eathaandu melkoora uyarunnathum hans reachil, jorg surn, hans deggler, mattu kalakaaranmaar ennivar srishtichathaanu. maikkal surn kudumbam niravadhi thalamurakale valare uthppaadanakshamamaaya shilpikale nirmmichu, polychrome allengil golded maram, stakko ennivayude roopangal nirmmichu. sradheyamaaya retables nirmmikkunna mattu kalakaaranmaaril thomas schwanteller ulppedunnu.
viyannayil, pathinettaam noottaandinte pilkkala varshangalil chila asaadhaarana kruthikal nirmikkappettu, athu barokkil ninnu rococoyilekkulla parivartthanatthe adayaalappeduthi. viyannayile sent maikkal palliyil kaal jorg merville nadatthiya "maalaakhamaarude pathanam" ithil ulppedunnu.
spain.
italiyilennapole speyinilum barok shailiyude aavirbhavam pradhaanamaayum catholica sabhayaan nayichathu, avar ethir-naveekarana samayat protestantukalkke sakthamaaya aayudhamaayi ithu upayogichu. shavakudeerangal, balipeetangal, chaappalukal ennivaykkaayaanu bhooribhaagam kruthikalum nirmmichathu. athe samayam, pathinezhaam noottaand saambathika thakarchayudeyum raashtreeyavum saamskaarikavumaaya ottappedalukaludeyum kaalaghattamaayirunnu; kurachu spanish kalakaaranmaar videshathekku yaatra cheythu, koodaathe kurachu vadakkan europian shilpikal, prathyekichu flemish kalakaaranaaya jose dii aars, spainilekku vannu. thalphalamaayi, spanish barok yooroppinte mattu bhaagangalil ninnu swathanthramaayi vikasikkukayum athintethaaya prathyeka savisheshathakal undaayirikkukayum cheythu.
speyininte rajaavaayi luis pathinaalaamante kochumakanaaya franch philipp vinte kireedadhaaranavum pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil aadyamaayi borbon rajavamshavum saamskaarika nayathilum shailiyilum naadakeeyamaaya maattam konduvannu. athinusesham, pradhana kalaasrishtikalkkulla commissionukal niyanthrikkunnath rajaavaayirunnu, sabayum royal akkadami oof artsumaanu. fraansilennapole vishayangalum sailiyum saamagrikalum nirnnayichu. eee kaalayalav ekadesham 1770 vare thudarnnu.
pallikalile smarakangal, shavasamskaarangal, mathaparamaya ghoshayaathrakalkkulla prathimakal ennivaykkaayi dhaaraalam shilpangal kammeeshan cheythu. puthiya prameyangal prathyakshappettu, prathyekichu kanyaka meriyude aaraadhanaykkaayi samarppichirikkunna kruthikal. janapriyamakkaan roopakalppana cheytha eee shaili yaadhaarthyabodhathilekku chaayvullathaanu. maram upayogichaanu ettavum kooduthal upayogichirunna vasthukkal, avaa palappozhum vyathyastha nirangalil varachirunnu. ekadesham 1610 muthal, yaadhaarthyathinte oru prathyeka spanish ghadakam prathyakshappettu; shilpikal avarude prathimakalk yadhaartha mudiyude viggukal, kanneer thullikalkkayi upayogicha kristtal kashanagal, yadhaartha aanakkombinte pallukal, shradhaapoorvvam yaadhaarthyabodhathode varacha charmma nirangal enniva nalki.
pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil spanish silpakalayude rund pradhana schoolukal undaayirunnu, kaastail, andalusia. kaastail schoolil thyaagathinum rakthasaakshithvathinum kooduthal oonnal nalkiyirunnu, samriddhamaaya kadinamaaya kashtappaadukalundaayirunnu. andalusiayile school saadhaaranayaayi kooduthal alankaarangalum akramavum upayogichirunnu; sisukristhuvum kanyaka meriyum kaastailinekkaal kooduthal pathiv vishayangalaayirunnu. 1601 muthal 1606 vare speyinile philipp moonnaaman rajaavu thaamasichirunna valladolid aayirunnu kaastail shailiyude aadya kendram. aadyakaala kaastiliyan skoolile ettavum pradhanappetta kalaakaaran grigorio fernandes (1576-1636) aayirunnu. addehathinte aadyakaala kruthikal asaadhaaranamaaya yaadhaarthyabodhavum prakrithivaadavum kaanikkukayum ellah murivukalum kaanikkukayum cheythu. valare vishadamaayathum yaadhaarthyabodhamullathumaaya valladolidil addehathinte "kurishile varggam" ghoshayaathrakalil vahikkaan nirmikkappettu. addehathinte vijayam niravadhi sahaayikalulla oru valia shilpashala srishtikkaanum valare valia thothilulla srishtikal nirmmikkanum addehathe praapthanakki, prathyekichu 1625 num 1632 num idayil nirmmicha plasensia cathedralinte punarnirmmaanam, pathinezhaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil spanish kalayude uyarnna pooyintukalilonnaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
puthiya lokathile spanish kolanikal sambathu kondu valareyadhikam sambannamaakkiya seville nagaramaayirunnu spanish barok shilpathinte mattoru aadyakaala kendram. aadyakaala seville skoolile ettavum pradhanappetta shilpi juvan martinus montanes (1568-1649) aayirunnu, addehathinte kruthikal kuranjathu akramavum rakthavum upayogichu santhulithaavasthayum aikyavum chithreekarichu. sevilleyile (1670-72) hospital dii kaidadinaayi nirmmicha kristhuvinte kurishile vamshavali chithreekarikkunna aadambaramaaya retable aayirunnu mattoru pradhana seville shilpi pedro roldan (1624-1699). roldente makalaaya louisa rolden (1654-1704) thante srishtikalude peril prashasthi nedukayum speyinile oru rajakeeya silpiyaayi niyamikkappedunna aadya vanithayakukayum cheythu.
chitrakaaranum shilpiyum enna nilayilum sajeevamaayirunna granadayile (1601-1634) alonso cano avarude srishtikalil aadarshaparamaaya prakrithivaadavum ulppeduthiyirunnavarum mattu sradheyamaaya spanish barok shilpikalil ulppedunnu. addehathinte sishyanaaya pedro dii meena (1628-1688), seville skoolile ettavum pradhanappetta shilpikalil oralaayi maari, addehathinte athilolavum yaadhaarthyabodhamullathumaaya vishudharude prathimakal.
pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, toladoyile narsiso tome nirmmicha balipeetam "ell traanspaarent" ulppede niravadhi adambara barok kruthikal srishtichu, oru valia balipeetam, prakasham maarunnathinanusarichu athu chalikkunnathayi thonnunnu. marathinupakaram venkalavum marble kondu nirmmicha speyinile apoorva srishtikalilonnaanithu. cathedralinte madhyabhaagathulla shilpam, painting, vaasthuvidya enniva ulkkollunna oru valia kalaa samuchayathinte kendrabinduvaayirunnu ithu.
borbon rajavamsham adhikaarathil vannathode kalaa lokathinte kendram rajakeeya kammeeshanukalude uravidamaaya madridilekku maari. kottaaratthe alankarikkaan shanikkappetta franch, itaaliyan kalakaaranmaarude varavode yooroppinte mattu bhaagangalil ninnu spanish kalaye verpeduthiya anthyam sambhavichu. juvan alonso villaabrille vaii roonn peedippicha "dhii head oof seyint pooll" ulppede, francisco salsilloyude sent florentine shilpam ulppede kooduthal sookshumamaaya srishtikal ulppede, athirthiyilekku chaayunna puthiya kalaasrishtikalum ithu konduvannu.
speyinile chaals moonnaamante (1760-1788) bharanakalam spanish barokinu pettennulla avasaanavum neoclassisathilekkula parivartthanavum konduvannu. ellah balipeeta silpangalum punarnirmmanavasthukkalum saan fernando royal akkadami munkootty amgeekarikkanamennum shilpathil saadhyamaakumbozhellaam maramalla marble kallum upayogikkanamennum 1777-ll rajaavu vidhichu.
laattin america.
laattin amerikkayil jolie cheythirunna aadyakaala barok shilpiyum vaasthushilpiyum barsalonayil janikkukayum sevilleyil pariseelanam nedukayum cheytha pedro dii noguyera (1580-) aayirunnu. 1619-ll addeham peruvinte viceroyalattiyilekku maari, avide martin alonso dii mesaykkoppam, limayile cathedral basilikkayile (1619-) barok gaayaka staalukal addeham kothivachu.
praadeshika kalakaaranmaare niyogicha spanish, porchugees missionarymaaraanu 18-aamm noottaandil laattin amerikkayude mattu bhaagangalilekku barok shailiyilulla shilpam athichathu. ithu pradhaanamaayum pallikalilaanu upayogichirunnathu. barok shilpikalude oru pradhana samghamaayirunnu ikkaavaadorile kvitto school. skoolile pramukha kalakaaranmaaril bernardo dii legarda, kaaspikaara ennivar ulppedunnu.
pallikalil pradarshippikkunnathinaayin gambheeravum alankarichathumaaya roopangal nirmmicha oru ecadorian kalakaaranaayirunnu kaaspikaara (1723-1796). kvitto school ennariyappedunnathil addeham oru kendra vyakthiyaayirunnu.
porchugees kolanikkaaranum aafrikkan adimayum ayirunna alijaadinjo (1730 allengil 1738 muthal 1814 vare). ippol yuneskoyude loka paithruka sthalamaaya kongonasile "santuwaro dii boom jeesas dii matosinhos" enna smarakamaaya sopp stoon prathimakalude (1800-1805) peril addeham sradheyanaanu. kristhuvinte kroosheekaranathilekku nayikkunna sambhavangal chithreekarikkunna jeevita valuppathilulla abhinivesha roopangalude oru parambarayum addeham nirmmichu (1780-90).

