
inn laurie

ree loriyil, 32 eph. 3dii 1579 (pheed cheythu. sii. aarr. 1994) daatta gadanakalude pettant yogyathayekkurichu federal sarkyuttinaayulla yunaittad stetts appeel kodathiyude 1994 leeii theerumaanamaayirunnu. dattaa structure kleyimukalude pii. tii. oo nirasikkal pii. tii. oo nayathil kaaryamaaya maattam varuthiyathine thudarnnu softweyarumaayi bandhapetta pettantukal nalkunnathumaayi bandhapetta pii. tii. oo nayathil kaaryamaaya maattam varuthi, software pettant apekshakalude pii. tii. oo nirasikkalukal pinvalikkunnathil ninnu supreme kodathiyile pii. tii. oo appeelukal avasaanippichu, atharam pettantukalodum pettant apekshakalodum federal sarcutil vardhichuvarunna udaaratha, pii. tii. oo. nalkunna software pettantukalude ennathil valia vardhanavu enniva undaayi.
pashchaathalam.
edward ezz. laurie oru computer software pettant apeksha phayal cheythu, athil software daatta gadanakal upayogichu daattaabes vivarangal kaikaaryam cheiyunna oru aaplikkeshan prograam addeham vivarichu, athine addeham "attribute daatta objectukal" (ados) ennu vilikkunnu. vivarangale prathinidheekarikkunna electrical (allengil magnetic) signalukalaayi memmariyil sambharichirikkunna bittukalude orotta aadima daatta ghadakam compris [inn] seekwansukalaanu adoo."loriyude pettant apeksha anusarichu," [a] n attribute oru kaaryam mattoru kaaryathinu kaaranamaakunnu enna ashayam prakadippikkunnu."athinaal, attributive daatta model oru daattaabes aatribyooshanukalude oru shekharamaanu enna ashayathe muthaledukkunnu, athil vivarangal athinte savisheshathakaludeyum mattu vivarangalumayulla bandhangaludeyum adisthaanathil prathinidheekarikkunnu. oru daattaabesil ninnu vivarangal sambharikkunnathinum veendedukkunnathinum cherkkunnathinum neekkam cheiyunnathinum ados upayogikkunnathu kooduthal kaaryakshamamaya reethi nalkunnuvennu laurie vaadichu.
claim 1 prathinidheekarichathaayi kanakkakkappettu. athu nalkki
   1. oru dattaa prosessing sisttathil nadappilaakkunna oru aaplikkeshan prograam vazhi aaksasinaayi daatta sambharikkunnathinulla oru memory, athil ulppedunnu
eee memmariyil sambharichirikkunna oru dattaa ghadana, eee aaplikkeshan prograam upayogikkunna daattaabesil thamasikkunna vivarangal ulppedeyulla dattaa ghadanayil inipparayunnava ulppedunnu
paranja memmariyil sambharichirikkunna attribute daatta objectukalude oru bahuswarata, paranja daattaabesil ninnu vyathyastha vivarangal adangiyirikkunna oro attribute daatta objectukalum;
oro attribute dattaa objectinum orotta holder attribute dattaa object, oro holder attribute dattaa objectukalude bahuvachanangalilonnaan dattaa objectukal, oro attribute dattaa objectum athinte holder attribute dattaa objectum thammil nilanilkkunna oru bandham, oro attribute dattaa objectum mattoru attribute dattaa objectumaayi maathram nilanilkkunna oro attribute dattaa objectukalum, athuvazhi attribute dattaa objectukalude bahuvachanathinte oru shreni sthaapikkunnu.
paranja attribute dattaa objectukalilonninum oru referent attribute dattaa object, referent attribute dattaa object oru holder attribute dattaa objectumaayi kramanugathamaayi bandhappettirikkunnathum paranja attribute dattaa objectukalil orennamenkilum attribute dattaa objectukalaanennum koodaathe attribute dattaa objectukalude bahuvachanangalilonnayirikkum paranju, holder attribute dattaa objectukal maathram ulla attribute dattaa objectukale elament dattaa objectukal ennu vilikkunnu, koodaathe referent attribute dattaa objectukal nilanilkkunna attribute dattaa objectukale relation daatta objectukal ennum vilikkunnu;
eee memmariyil sambharichirikkunna oru apex dattaa object, paranja eathenkilum attribute dattaa objectukalumaayi yaathoru bandhavumilla, ennirunnaalum, paranja attribute dattaa objectukalil onnengilum aaa apex dattaa objectumaayi bandhamullathaan.
loriyude ellah avakaashavaadangalum achadicha vasthu ennu vilikkappedunnuvennu examiner nirasichu. athaayath, upayogapradamaaya oru pravartthanam nalkunnathinu maadyamavum vivarangalum thammil avyakthamaaya sahakaranamillathe oru maadhyamathil ("substrate") sambharichirikkunna vivarangalilekku avaa nirddeshikkappettu. ellah avakaashavaadangalum parisodhakan nirasichathine pii. tii. oo. appeel board nilanirtthi. avakashappetta dattaa gadanakal oru computer memmariyilekku sambharichirunnuvenkilum avaa memoryumaayi vendathra edapedaathe athumaayi oru pravarthanaparamaaya bandham nalki. athanusarichu, ados muun kalayil ninnu "pettantulla reethiyil verthirichariyappettil", ithu avaye vyakthamo pratheekshichatho aakkukayum angane pettant labhikkathavayumaakkukayum cheythu.
laurie pinneedu federal sarkyoottinodu appeel cheythu.
federal surcuted abhiprayam.
appeelil, federal surcuted paanal pettant apeksha board nirasichathu maatti. loriyude ellah software dattaa ghadana avakaashavaadangalum pettant cheyyaavunnavayaanennu kodathi vidhichu. ados achadicha vasthukkalaanennu aadyam athu viyojichu. oru memmariyil sambharichirikkunna oru dattaa ghadana oru vaayanakkaaran "buddhi" nalkunnillennu athil parayunnu."athu" prosess cheyyendivannu. . . oru yanthram vazhi, computer 'athu cheyyaan. athu aadosine achadicha padaarthangalil ninnu thadanjuvechu "avakaashavaadangal nirvachichirikkunnathupo kandupidutham vivarangal manass kondalla, marichu oru yanthram, computer vazhi prosess cheyyanamennu aavashyappedunna achadicha dravya kesukalkku vasthuthaparamaaya prasakthiyilla."
loriyude avakashappetta dattaa ghadana functional relationship staanderd thripthippeduthunnathinna substrateumaayi (computer memory) vendathra edapedunnuvennum kodathi abhiprayappettu. ettavum thaazhnna bhauthika thalatthil, daatta gadanakal oru memmariyilekku sambharikkunnath yadhaarthathil aaa memmariyil oru physical oorganaiseshan adichelppichuvennum koodaathe, computer memmariyilekku adokal sambharikkunnath kooduthal kaaryakshamamaya computer pravarthanatthinu kaaranamayennum kodathi paranju. oru manushyan shaareerika mattangalonnum kaanaan kazhiyillennu kodathi abhiprayappettu, ados oormmayum thammil oru pravarthanaparamaaya bandhamundaayirunnu.
pareekshakanum board ithu nishedhichirunnu. computer sambharikkenda puthiya signalukal nalkunnathu athine oru puthiya yanthramaakki maattillenn avar paranju.iii. computer gadanaaparamaayi onnuthanneyaanu, "phalam ethra puthiyathum upayogapradavum vyakthamallathathumaanu."kodathi marupadi nalkki
eee chodyathinu nammal parayunnath oru yanthram puthiyathum vyakthamallathathumaaya reethiyil prograam cheythittundenkil, athu aaa prograamillaattha yanthrathil ninnu shaareerikamaayi vyathyasthamaan; athinte memory gadakangal vyathyasthamayi krameekarichirikkunnu. eee shaareerika mattangal kannin adrishyamaanenna vastutha yanthram mattiyittillenn nigamanathiletthaan namme prerippikkaruth.
kodathi prasthaavichu "muzhuvan avakaashavaadangaludeyum pashchaathalatthil, oormmayumaayi puthiyathum vyakthamallathathumaaya pravarthanaparamaaya bandham adosinu illennu pii. tii. oo sthaapichittilla."nilavilulla federal surcuted pettant niyama sidhaanthathinu keezhil, eee bandham vyakthamaanennu theliyikkunnathu pii. tii. oyude bhaaramaanenn kodathi abhiprayappettu. athu cheyyaathathinaal, nirasikkal pinvalikkanamenn federal surcuted paranju.
prathyaaghaathangalum prathyaaghaathangalum.
computer software kesukalude federal sarkyoottinte pettant-yogyatha vishakalanathilum atharam pettantukal nalkunnathinekkurichulla pii. tii. oyude nayathilum "laurie" cases oru vazhithirivayi. softwearinu pettant yogyatha nalkunnathinu hardware gadakangalude praadhaanyam oonnipparayunna "inn ree scrader" polulla kesukalil prathifalikkunna nayam federal surcuted upekshikkaan thudangi, koodaathe supreme kodathi mungaamikalil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya pettant yogyathaykkaayi swantham maanadandangal vikasippichu. oduvil, niravadhi supreme kodathi jadjimaarude 2006 leeii viyojip abhipraayamanusarichu, federal surcuted pettant yogyathaykkaayi oru niyama maanadandam vikasippichu, athinte keezhil kleyimukal pettantinu arhathayullathayi "eee kodathi nere marichu vidhichu."
laurie" theerumaanathinu sesham, softweyarumaayi bandhapetta pettantukal nalkunnathine ethirkkunnathu pii. tii. oo nirtthi. gotshack vii" ennathil ninnulla niravadhi kesukalil. benson, parker vii. 1970 kalude thudakkathil fluke muthal diamond vii. 1980 kalude thudakkathil, pettant offeesineyum computer software pettantukal ejansi nirasichathine attimaricha judicial theerumaanangalil ninnulla pidioyude appeelukaleyum neethinyaaya vakupp pinthunachirunnu. ennaal solisittar generalinte oafees (supreme kodathiyile appeel neethinyaaya vakuppinte chumatalayilulla) "laurie" yekkurichu supreme kodathi avalokanam thedaan pii. tii. oye anuvadikkaan visammathichu, kaaranam athu ["laurie"] aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunnathu anuyojyamallaathathumaya vaahanamayirunnu."
 
koodaathe, neethinyaaya vakuppilum pii. tii. oyilum udyogastharude mattangal sambhavichu, athu atharam appeelukalkkulla pinthuna kurachu. aii. iii. iii. iii micro" maasikayile oru cartoon eee kaaryam vyakthamaakkunnu.
1994 nuu sesham, pii. tii. oo niravadhi software, bisinus reethi pettantukal nalkaan thudangi. 1991ll, softweyarumaayi bandhapetta pettantukal vaarshika motham 20 shathamaanathe prathinidheekarikkunnu; 2011 aayappozhekkum avaa 50 shathamaanamaayirunnu. software pettantukalude ennam prathivarsham 25,000 ll ninnu eee kaalayalavil prathivarsham 125,000 aayi uyarnnu. oru graph atharam daattayude oru gavo vishakalanam kaanikkunnu.
2000nusheshavum pii. tii. oo. yilum federal sarkyoottilum ganyamaaya udyogastha mattangal sambhavikkunnathuvare eee pravartthanam thudarnnu. eee mattangal federal sarkyoottinte "inn reey bilsky" theerumaanathilekku nayichu, athu "bilsky vii. 2013ll supreme kodathi vidhi alis corporation anusrithamaayi vannu. vii. sii. ell. ezz baank internaashanal. eee theerumaanangal computer software pettant-yogyatha niyamathil oru puthiya yugathinu thudakkamittu. alis" kesil ippol nirddeshichittulla niyama vishakalanathin keezhil, innu "laurie" yill claim 1 nte adoo orupakshe orupakshe oru 
pettant-aprasakthamaaya amoortha ashayam.

