pralayam (charithram)

poolish-lithwanian komanveltthile pathinezhaam noottaandinte madhyathil nadanna sainika prachaaranangalude oru parambarayaayirunnu pralayam. vishalamaaya ardhathil, 1648 leeii khemelnitski kalaapathinum 1667 leeii andrusovoyude vedinirthalinum edayilulla kaalaghattatthinu ithu baadhakamaan, athil russo-poolish, randaam vadakkan yudhangalude poolish theaterukal ulppedunnu. karsanamaaya ardhathil, randaam vadakkan yudhathinte oru naadakamaayi (1655-1660) komanveltthinte sweedish adhiniveshatheyum adhiniveshatheyum eee padam soochippikkunnu; polandilum litwaniayilum eee kaalaghattatthe sweedish pralayam (се "етес", с "е" етес ",") allengil oresamayam nadanna russo-poolish yuddham kaaranam saadhaaranayaayi russian-sweedish pralayam (се "е" ете тона тонас ") ennu vilikkunnu. pralayam" (poolish bhashayil "potop") enna padam henrique syenkivics thante "pralayam" (1886) enna novalil janapriyamakki.
yudhasamayathu sweeden, russia ennivayude adhinivesham moolam komanveltthinu janasamkhyayude ekadesham moonnilonnu nashtappedukayum oru valia sakthiyenna padavi nashtappedukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhathil raajyam nasippichathinekkaal vyaapakamaayirunnu vellappokkathil polandinte nasham ennu vaarsoyile rajakeeya kottayude maanejar professor andrej rottermond paranju. sweedish adhiniveshakkaar komanveltthinte ettavum pradhanappetta sambathu kollayadichuvennum moshticha mikka vasthukkalum orikkalum polandilekku madangiyittillennum rottermond avakaashappedunnu. poolish-lithwanian komanveltthinte thalasthaanamaaya varso sweedish sainyam nasippikkukayum yudhathinu munbulla 20,000 janasamkhyayil 2,000 perr maathramaan yudhaanantharam nagaratthil avasheshikkukayum cheythath. 2012 leeii poolish kanakkukal prakaram sweedish sainyam moolamundaaya bhauthika naashanashtangal 4 bilyan slottikalaan. 188 nagarangalum pattanangalum 186 graamangalum 136 pallikalum 89 kottaarangalum 81 kottakalum polandil poornnamaayum nasippikkappettu.
charitraparamaaya pashchaathalam.
1648-ll bohdan khemelnitski poolish, lithwanian maagnattukalude bharanathil athruptharaaya saporolean kosakkukaludeyum ukrainian karshakarudeyum janakeeya prakshobhatthinu neethrthwam nalki. kalaapathinte prarambha ghattam (eare naashanashtangalkk sesham) beresteco yudhathil (1651) avasaanichenkilum, ukrainilum pothuve kizhakkan slavik raajyangalilum aadhipathyam sthaapikkunnathinaayi russia komanveltthum thammilulla sathrutha ithu shradha kendreekarichu. angane, 1653 octoberil russian semsky sobar komanveltthinumel yuddham prakhyapikkukayum 1654 juunil russiayile saar alexisinte sainyam polandu-lithwaniayude kizhakkan pakuthi akramikkukayum, <aii. dii. 1> enna russian-poolish yuddham aarambikkukayum cheythu. 1654 venalkkaalath, innathe belaarasile ettavum pradhanappetta nagarangalum shakthikendrangalum pidichedukkaan russiacarkku kazhinju. 1654 october 3 nuu oru uparodhathinusesham smollensk pidichadakki. saankethikamaayi ithinakam komanvelthumaayi yudhathilaayirunna sweedish saamrajyam (1629 muthal 1635 muthal 1661 vare neenduninna vedinirthal karar) 1655 joolaiyil akramikkukayum raajyathinte backie pakuthi kaivashappeduthukayum cheythu.
sweedish adhinivesham.
pashchaathalam.
muppath varshathe yudhathethudarnnu sweedish saamrajyam bhookhandathile ettavum sakthamaaya rajyangalilonnaayi uyarnnuvannu. athinu oru valia sainyam undaayirunnu, pakshe sainikarkk panam nalkaan valare kuravaayirunnu. russiayile kosakkukalumaayulla yudhangalum sardamumaayulla yudhangalum moolam durbalamaaya poolish-lithwanian komanvelthu eluppamulla irayaayi thonni, kaaranam athinte mikacha sainikar 1652 leeii batthi yudhathil kollappedukayo athinusesham koottakkola cheyyappedukayo cheythirunnu. koodaathe, polandu rajaakkanmaaraaya sigismund III vasayum addehathinte makkalaya vladislo IV vasayum joonn II casimir thangalude simhasanathinaayulla avakaashavaadangal sweedish oormmippichu. munkaala samgharshamaaya poolish-sweedish yuddham (1626-1629) stuhmsdorff udambadiyode avasaanichu.
pooll-lithwanian rajaavaaya joonn randaaman casimirinu (bharanakaalathe aii. dii. 1) komanvelthu prabhukkanmarkkidayil pinthuna illaayirunnu, kaaranam addeham samboornna austriyayodulla anubhavavum prabhukkanmaarude "sarmaattist" samskaarathodulla thuranna avaganana kaaranam. neratthe, 1643-ll joonn kasimir jesyoottukalil amgamaakukayum kardinal enna padavi nedukayum cheythirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1646 desemberil addeham polandilekku madangukayum 1647 octoberil thante sahodaran vladislo naalaaman vaasayude maranashesham poolish simhaasanathilekkulla thiranjeduppil nilkkunnathinaayi kardinal sthaanam raajivaykkukayum cheythu. 1648ll addeham rajaavaayi. ennirunnaalum, chila prabhukkanmaar poolish-lithwanian simhaasanathinaayi chaals gustaavine (1654 muthal 1660 vare sweeden rajaavum joonn kaasimirinte cussin) pinthunachu. poolish prabhukkanmaril palarum joonn kaasimeerine oru durbalanaaya rajaavo "jesuit rajaavo" aayi kanakkakki; oru protestantaaya grand treasurer kireedatthinte deputy chaansalarumaaya bogusla lessinsky, sweedante naadukadatthappetta poolish raajaavinte pazhaya shathruvaaya hyronym radsijovsky, poolish kireedam avakashappedaan chaals gustaavine prothsaahippichu. rund lithwanian prabhukkanmaraaya rajakumaaranmaaraaya jaanas radsiwal boguslo radsiwal komanveltthil bhinnatha konduvarikayum komanveltthineyum poolish-lithwanian union takarkkaan lakshyamit sweedante rajaavaaya chaals ex gusthaavumaayi charchakal aarambikkukayum cheythu. sweedish samrakshanathil lithwaniayile grand duchyil ninnu kothiyeduttha rund duchikal radvival rajakumaranmar bharikkumenn vibhavanam cheytha kedainiya udambadi (1655) avar oppuvachu.
1655.
1655 joolaiyil sweedish pomeraniyayil ninnum pomerania pravisyayil ninnum pravartthikkunna rund sweedish sainyangal, noottaandukalaayi sainika samgharshangalaal baadhikkappedaathathum yudhathinu upayogikkappedathathumaaya komanveltthile ettavum sambannavum vikasithavumaya pravisyakalilonnaaya grettar polandilekku praveshichu. ujsi pattanathinaduthulla nottu nadiyude thaazhvarayil sthithi cheiyunna grettar polandinte kuleena camp oru valia party pole thonni, kaaranam sweedish sainyathe neridaan avide othukoodiya avarkk madyapikkaan kooduthal thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. karyangal kooduthal vashalakkaan, rund shaktharaaya dhanikaraya posnan chrysistophe opaalinskiyude voivode kaalisinte voivode andrej karol grudsynsky parasparam tharkkichu, pooraadanamoo upekshikkanamo ennu. poolish sainikarkk thokku, peerankikal, bhakshanam enniva polum illaayirunnu, athu vishakkunna sainikar praadeshika gramangalil moshtichu.
ujsi yudhathile eluppathilulla sweedish vijayathin sesham, chrysistophe opalinsky grettar polandine chaals gustaavinu keezhadakki. 1655 juulai desember arvid vittanbarginte neethrthwathilulla sainyam posnan pidichedukkukayum august august koninu sameepam vittanbarginteyum chaals gusthaavinteyum sainyangal sainyavumayi chernnu warsoilek neengukayum cheythu. septambar 2 nuu sobota yudhathil dhruvangal paraajayappedukayum septambar 4 nuu sweeden lovics pidichedukkukayum cheythu. naalu divasathinu sesham sweedish sainyam poolish thalasthaanathu praveshichu varso pidichadakkunna charithratthile aadyathe videsha sainyamaayi. chaals gustav rajaavu vaarsoyil oru kaaval senaye upekshichu, bengt gabrielson ooksenstiyarnayude keezhil, joonn kaasimirine pinthudarunnathinaayi thekkott neengi. septambar 16 nuu sweeden sarnov yudhathil poolish sainyathe paraajayappedutthukayum poolish sainyam cheruthunilppu upekshichu aakramanakaarikalkk keezhadangukayum cheythu. septambar 25 nuu poolish rajaavu cracovillake neengukayum thudarnnu upper saileshyayile prudnikkinu sameepamulla glogovek kottayilekku palayanam cheyyukayum cheythu. october 3 nuu sweedish sainyam veendum dhruvangale paraajayappeduthi, ithu vojniks yudhathil cracovilekkulla paatha thurannu. 1655 october october oru uparodhathinusesham polandinte purathana thalasthaanam pidichadakki. ettavum janasamkhyayullathum ettavum vikasithavumaya moonnu poolish pravishyakal (grettar polandu, lesser polandu, masovia) thante kaikalil vachukondu, chaals gustav vadakkott royal prashyayilekku madangaan theerumaanichu, athu maalborkkinte voyodode, jakub vesher prathirodhichu. pariseelanam, achadakkam, upakaranangal ennivayil pothuve mikavu pulartthiyirunna sweedish athivegam munneri.
athesamayam, 1655 august muthal magnus gabriel dii laa gardiyude keezhil mattoru sweedish sainyam kaivashappeduthiyirunna lithwaniayile grand duchyil, jaanas radsivilum addehathinte cussin boguslo radsivilum kedainiyayude yooniyanil (october 20,1655) oppuvachu, ithu polandumaayulla lithwaniayude union avasaanippichu. grand duchy prathirodhikkunnathil lithwaaniyakkaare sahaayikkaathathin dhruvangale kuttappeduthiyathinaal 1654 leeii russian adhiniveshathinte phalamaayirunnu raadsivillukalude theerumaanam. russian pidichedukkal (august 9,1655), thudarnnu avidatthe nivaasikale kashap cheythathum sweedish samrakshanamaanu ettavum nalla parihaaramenn lithwanian prabhukkanmaare bodhyappedutthi. komanveltthinte sthithi dayaneeyamaayirunnu, pakshe polandum russiayude sardov sweedish virudha sakhyam roopeekaricha vilnayude vedinirthal (november 3) ll prateeksha prakadamaayi. livoniayil russian sainyam sweedane aakramichathode (russian-sweedish yuddham (1656-1658 kaanuka)) polandinu oduvil veendedukkaanum puthiya sainyathe shekharikkaanum samayam labhichu. 1655 october 12 nuu, brandenberg vottar frederic vilyam, joonn kasimir raajaavinte anumathiyode, rinsk udambadiyil oppuvachu, athil sweedish adhiniveshathinethire prathirodhikkaan avarude pravishyayile brandenbergian gaarisanukale anuvadikkaan russian prabhukkanmaar sammathichu (udambadiyile gdansk, elblagh, torun nagarangal ulppettirunnilla). 1655 novemberilum desemberilum gustaf oottoo stenbokkinte keezhil sweedish sainyam gdansk, puck, malbork enniva ozhikeyulla rajakeeya prashyayile ellah pattanangalum pidichedutthu.
joonn kasimir polandilekku madangunnathu thadayunnathinaayi sweedish unitukal saileshyayumaayulla athirthi samrakshichu. 1655 november meyy sweedish athirthikkaduthulla lesser polandil sthithi cheiyunna jasna gorayile ashramam uparodhichu. mahathaaya mungamiyaaya augustin kordekkiyude neethrthwathil, polandile eee pratheekathmaka sankethamaaya kottayude kaaval seena jasna gora uparodhathil shathrukkale thadanju. jasna gorayude prathirodham sweedanethire poolish prathirodhatthe shakthippeduthi. uparodhathekkurichulla vaartha raajyathudaneelam vyaapikkukayum niravadhi pradeshangalil garilla unitukal srishtikkappedukayum cheythu, ashramam pidichedukkaanulla sweedish shramathil roshakularaayi. 1655 desember epril kenal gabriel vojniloviksinte yoonit chrosnoic sameepam sweedasineyum avarude poolish sahakaarikaleyum paraajayappeduthi. desember 13 nuu vojniloviksinte keezhilulla poolish sainyam novi sax thirichupidichu, taamasiyaathe sweeden biyala, duckla, beaks, veelishka, oosvisim enniva nashtappettu. 1655 avasaanathode, thekkan loser polandile sthithigathikal aakramanakaarikalude avasthaye athratholam vashalakkiyathinaal desember 27 nuu jasna gorayude uparodham pinvalikkaan avar theerumaanichu. 1655 desember desember sokkalil poolish kireeda hetmaans sweedish sainyathinethire poraadaan rajyathodu abhyarthichu. rund divasathinu sesham, joonn kasimir rajaavu saileshyayile glogovec upekshichu, reseaboars, seasin vazhi polandilekku madangukayum desember 27 nuu lubolayilethukayum cheythu. rund divasathinu sesham, poolish raajaavine pinthunachu tysoves konfedareshan roopeekarikkappettu. 1655 desember desember joonn kasimir thanne hetmaans staanislaa revera potokki, jersey sebaastyan lubomirsky, staanislaa lancoronsky, stephaan sarniyekki ennivarumaayi crosnoyil koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. yogathil primate andrej lessinsky ettu voyovadukalum pankedutthu.
1656.
crosnoyil aayirikkumbol, poolish rajaavu jasna gorayude uparodham avasaanichathinekkurichum jaanas raadsivilinte maranathekkurichum kandethi. 1656 januvari januvari joonn kasimir crosno vittu moonnu divasathinu sesham lubomirsky kudumbatthilppetta lancut kottayil ethi. februvari februvari rajaavu lvovil ethi, ithu gdanskinoppam polandinte sathrukkal aarum pidichedukkaattha komanveltthile rund pradhana nagarangalil onnaayirunnu. taamasiyaathe poolish sainika unitukal chuvanna ruthenia, volhinia, lublin ennividangalil ninnulla milishyakalum potokki, prins lubomirsky ennivarude keezhilulla sainyavum camienic podolsky kottayude garrison ulppede lvo pradeshathu shradha kendreekarikkaan thudangi. poolish raajaavinte thirichuvaravinekkurichu arinja sesham chaals gustav thante sainyathodu lovixil shradha kendreekarikkaan utharavittu. 1656 februvari 8 nuu sweedish sainyam golb yudhathil sarniki paraajayappeduthi, februvari 25 nuu samosh kottayiletthi, march 1 nuu, kanatha thokkukalillaathe sakthamaaya kotta pidichedukkunnathu asaadhyamaanennu manassilakki, sweedish sainyam uparodham upekshichu belsekkilekku neengi. march meyy poolish garilla seena upadravicha unitukalaaya chaals gustav pinwangan theerumaanichu. athe samayam, masovia grettar polandilum garilla yuddham pottippurappedukayum lithwaniayude grand hetmaante keezhilulla lithwanian unitukal chuvanna rutheniyayilekku neengaan thudangukayum cheythu.
march march sweedish sainyam saan nadikku kuruke poraadikkondu jaroslavilethi. prejemishal pidichedukkaan chaals gustav thante chila sainyangale ayachuvenkilum march 16 nuu avar jaroslavilekku madangiyethiyenkilum vijayichilla. march march sweedish sainyam vadakkott saan, visttula nadikalkkarikiloode warsoilek madangi. avare pinthudarnnu stephaan sarniki, alexander konikpolsky ennivarude unitukal, pinvaangalinidayil, aakramanakaarikale pinthunaykkunna poolish sainikar paksham maari, joonn kaasimirinte sainyathil chernnu. march desember pattiniyum thanuppum ksheenavumulla 5,000 anga sweedish sainyam poolish kaikalilaayirunna sandomearsinu sameepam nirtthi. sweedenkaar gorsaisinaduthulla sandomeres vanangalkkidayil thambadichirunnu, avide avarkk ekadesham 23,000 thoonukalum lithwaaniyakkaarum vegathil chuttapettu. uparodhikkapetta sainyathe sahayikkunnathinaayi, march 27 nuu frederic VI 2,500 raittarukalumaayum dragonukalumaayum varso vittu, athinaal joonn kasimir maargrevine neridaan sarnekkiyudeyum lubomirskyudeyum kuthirasavaari unitukalodu utharavittu. epril epril warka yudhathil frederikkinte sainyam parajayappettu. ennirunnaalum, gorsisil randaam nilavaaramulla poolish sainyam nilanilkkukayum sweedish rajaavinu pottippurappedaan kazhiyukayum (epril 5) epril 13 nuu chaals gustav vaarsoyilethukayum cheythu. athesamayam, poolish rajaavu lvo prathijnjayedukkukayum (epril 1) athil addeham komanveltthine vishudha kanyaka meriyude samrakshanathinu ealppikkukayum avale 'poolish kireedatthinte raajnji' aayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
warka yudhathinushesham, serniakkiyum lubomirsky avide sajeevamaaya garilla senaye pinthunaykkunnathinaayi grettar polandilekkum kujaviyilekkum pookaan theerumaanichu. epril 9 aayappozhekkum poolish sainyam royal prashyayiletthi bidegoses naklo (epril 19) pidichedutthu. epril epril thorun pidichedukkaanulla poolish sramam parajayappettu. oru cheria vishramathin sesham, stephaan sarniki sweedish pomeraniayude akramanamaayi kanakkaakkiyenkilum mattu poolish nethaakkal eee ashayathe ethirthu. raajyathinte vadakkan jillakalude niyanthranam dhruvangal ettedukkunnathu thadayaan chaals gustav theerumaanikkukayum 10,000 peradangunna sainyavumayi (epril 17) vaarsoyil ninnu purappedukayum cheythu. epril 21 nuu sapeehayude keezhil lithwaniakkaar lubline mochippikkukayum epril 23 nuu lithwanian sainyam praagayiletthukayum cheythu, ithu innu warzoyude valathu theera jillayaan. sarneekkiyudeyum lubomirskyudeyum sainyam pilaykkaduthulla mattu sainyangalumayi chernnu, ennaal avarude samkhyaaparamaaya menma undaayirunnittum meyy 7 nuu avar cleco yudhathil parajayappettu. yudhathinushesham, athijeevicha poolish unitukal gneysnoik sameepam veendum onnichu, meyy avasaanathode, poolish thalasthaanathe uparodhathil (epril 24-juulai 1) lithwaaniyakkaare sahayikkunnathinaayi avar warsoilek pooyi. pradhana sweedish sainyam gdansk uparodhikkunna thirakkilayathinaal 2,000 sainikarumaayi arvid wittenberg warzo prathirodhichu. 1656 juulai juulai wittenberg keezhadangi.
1655-nte avasaanathode, komanveltthine niyanthrikkunnath asaadhyamaanennu chaals gustav manassilakki. polandu-litwania vibhajikkaan sahayikkunna sakhyakakshikale kandethaan sweedish rajaavu theerumaanichu. 1656 juun juun addeham marrienberg udambadiyil oppuvachu, athil brandenbergile vottar frederic vilyam thante pakshathu pooraadiyathinu prathiphalam vaagdaanam cheythu. posnan, callis, lessica, searads ennee naalu voyivodeshippukalil brandenberg-russiayk paramadhikaaram vaagdaanam cheyyappettu. juulai juulai chaals gusthaavinte keezhil shakthippeduthiya sweedish-brandenbergian sainyam warsoilek purappettu. sakhyasena cheruthaanenkilum, varso yudhathil (juulai <aii. dii. 1>) dhruvangaleyum lithwaniyakkaareyum paraajayappedutthaanum varso thirichupidikkaanum athinu kazhinju. ennirunnaalum, dhruvangal vaiprasinu pinnil pinvaangukayum avar veendum onnikkukayum taamasiyaathe yuddham thudaraan thayyarakukayum cheythathinaal eee vijayam kaaryamayonnum nediyilla. oduvil, chaals gustav varso upekshichu royal prashyayilekku pinwangan theerumaanichu. brandenberg-russia shikshikkunnathinaayi komanvelthu sainyam prashyayile duchy akramikkaan theerumaanichu. 1656 october aadyam, vincenti corvin gozeevsky keezhil 11,000 peradangunna oru sainyam 2,000 crimean taattaarukalude pinthunayode prashyayil praveshichu. october 8 nuu, gozeevsky sainyam prostken yudhathil (october 8) vijayichu, ennaal thaathaarukal krimiyayilekku madangaan theerumaanichathinethudarnna, philippo yudhathil (october 22) poolish-lithwanian sainyam parajayappettu. 1656 novemberil grettar polandinte sainyam nyoomaarkkile brandenberger pravishya akramikkukayum ithu grettar polandinte bhooribhaagathuninnum brandenberger senaye pinvalikkaan kaaranamavukayum cheythu. thanikk vottarmaarude pinthuna aavasyamaanennu arinja chaals gustav, nadannukondirikkunna yudhathil sweeden nalkia poornna sainika pinthunaykku pakaramaayi prussian bharanaadhikaariykk poornna paramadhikaaram nalkunna labiavu udambadiyil (november 20) oppuvaykkaan sammathichu. maruvashathu, komanvelthu ithinakam thanne house oof habsburghumaayi charchakal nadathivarikayaayirunnu. 1656 desember 1 nuu aadyathe vienna udambadi oppuvachu, thudarnnu randaamathe vienna udambadi oppuvachu, athil sweedish-brandenbergian sakhyathinethire 12,000 sainikarumaayi joonn kaasimirine sahaayikkumenn leopold onnaaman chakravarty vaagdaanam cheythu. 1656 avasaanathode sweedish sainyathe komanveltthinte bhooribhaagathil ninnum purathaakki. royal prussia, vadakkan masovia, lovics, krakov, tycosine ennivayude valathu karayude pakuthi maathrame avar kaivashappeduthiyirunnulla.
1657.
1653-ll transylvanian hangarian bharanadhikaari jorjju randaaman racosi polandumaayi oru sakhyathil oppuvaykkukayum komanveltthum transylvania thammilulla bandham souhrudaparavumaayirunnu. catholica mathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyanamenna vyavasthayil jorjinu poolish kireedam polum vaagdaanam cheythirunnu. ennirunnaalum, athisayakaramaaya sweedish vijayangal racosi thante manass maattaan prerippichu. 1656 meyy meyy chaals gustav malborkil ninnu ayacha kathil komanvelthinethiraaya sainika pinthunaykku pakaramaayi hangarian rajakumaran redu ruthenia vaagdaanam cheythu. athesamayam, racosi ithinakam thanne bohdan khemelnitskiyumaayi charchakal nadathukayum 1656 septambar 7 nuu transylvania saporisian sichum oru samadhana udambadiyil oppuvaykkukayum cheythu, ithu yudhathil parasparam sahayikkaan irupakshatheyum nirbandhitharaakki. 1656 desember 8 nuu radnot udambadi oppuvachu, ithu polandu-litwani chaals x gustav, bogusla radsival, elector frederic vilyam, bohdan khemelnitski, jorjju randaaman racosy ennivarkkidayil vibhajichu. 1657 januvari avasaanathode 25,000 peradangunna transylvanian sainyam carpathians kadannu medicayilekku neengi, avide 10,000 cosac sakhyakakshikal avare kaathirunnu. puthiya aakramanakaariye neridaan hetmaan staanislaav revera pottokkiyude sainyam thekkott oodi. athe samayam (januvari 2), chosnis yudhathil sweedish sainyam dhruvangale paraajayappeduthi. februvari november stephaan sarniakkiyum joonn kasimir rajaavum kaalisilvechu koodikkaazhcha nadatthi, avide sweedish, transylvanian sainyangal koodikkaazhcha nadathunnathil ninnu thadayaan avar theerumaanichu.
kosaakkukalil chernna sesham, racosi lvo aakramikkendennu theerumaanikkukayum ennaal virtsinte keezhilulla sweedish gaarisaninte sahacharyam nirashaajanakamaaya cracovillake purappedukayum cheythu. march 21 nuu racosi tarnov pidichedukkukayum march 28 nuu addeham cracovil athukayum cheythu. purathana poolish thalasthaanathekkulla vazhiyil, transylvanian-kosak sainyam pattanangalum graamangalum kathikkukayum kollayadikkukayum aayirakkanakkin aalukale kollukayum cheythu. addehathinte sainyam polandine kollayadikkunnathil valare thirakkilayathinaal, 5,000 sainikar maathramaan radnot udambadi prakaram transylvania bharikkenda cracovil athiyathu. cracoville sweedish gaarisane sahayikkaan 2,500 sainikare vittasesham, racosiyude sainyam visttulayiloode vadakkott neengi. 1657 epril 12 nuu transylvanian-kosak sainyam chaals ex gusthaavinte keezhil sweedish sainyathe χmielów-ll nerittu. chernna sainyam staanislaa pottokkiyude keezhil poolish kireedasainyatheyum pavel sapiayude keezhil lithwanian sainyatheyum pinthudarnnu nirnnayakamaaya oru yuddham nirbandhikkaan thudangi. epril 29 nuu poolish, lithwanian sainyangal losisile sainyavumayi chernnu, 1657 meyy aadyam, hetmaan jersey sebaastyan lubomirsky keezhil transylvaniayil oru prathikara raid samghadippikkaan dhruvangal theerumaanichu. meyy 13 nuu racosi chaals ex gustaavum bressh littevskyude kotta pidichadakki, meyy 17 nuu moonnu divasathe uparodhathin sesham sweeden, kosaakkukal, transylvanianmar ennivar varso pidichedutthu. ennirunnaalum, taamasiyaathe, dano-sweedish yuddham aarambikkukayum chaals ex gustav thante bhooribhaagam sainikarum polandu vidukayum cheythu. bakkiyulla sweedish sainyathin neethrthwam nalkiyathu gustaf oottoo stenbokkaanu. thante sainikarude mosham gunanilavaarathekkurichu nannayi ariyaamaayirunnathinaal sweedish pinvalikkal racosi aswasthanaakki. 1656 juulai 7-8 theeyathikalil lancut kottayilvechu stephaan sarniki racosi kosakkukaleyum pinthudarumennum lubomirskyudeyum potokkiyudeyum vibhajanagal crimean tattaarukalumaayi cherumennum joonn kasimir rajaavum addehathinte hetmaanmaarum sammathichu.
audyogikamaayi thangalude saamanthanaayirunna jorjju randaaman racosi polandine akramikkaan avarude anumathi chodikkaathathum mattoru yuddham aarambikkaan aagrahikkaathathum (akkaalat avar daalmeshyayiloode venis akramikkaan shramichu) ottomanmaare prakopippichu, ennaal addeham avare avaganichappol poolish sainyathe sahayikkaanum racosi sikshikkaanum avar crimean thaathaarukalod utharavittu. avar ithinakam moldova, valachiya ennividangalil ninnulla racosiyude saamanta voyododukale maatti.
1657 juun 20 nuu, chaals ex gustav stenbokkinodu racosi upekshichu stettinte sainyavumayi pookaan utharavittu. thante charmmathe rakshikkaan, transylvaniayile bharanadhikaari thekkott kaarpaathiyanmaarilekku vegathil pinwangan thudangi. juulai 11 nuu stephaan saarniyakkiyude division lvovinaduthulla maagiyarovil racosi paraajayappeduthi, juulai 20 nuu podolia saarni austro yudhathil transylvanian-cosac sainyam nasippikkappettu. moonnu divasathinu sesham, racosi komanvelthumaayi oru samadhana udambadiyil oppuvachu, athil addeham sweedante sakhyam takarkkumennum cracovil ninnum bressh littevskyil ninnum thante sainyathe pinvalikkumennum thante sainyam varuthiya naashanashtangalkk panam nalkumennum vaagdaanam cheythu. juulai november transylvanian sainyathinte avashishtangal skaalattin sameepam thaathaarukalaal chuttapettu. racosic thanne rakshappedaan kazhinju, sainyathe thaalkkaalikamaayi joonn kemeni command cheythu, avar thanne taattaarukalaal pidikkapettu. polandile aarr maasathe poraattatthinu sesham, 25,000 peradangunna racosiyude sainyam illaathaayi, athijeevicha ellaavareyum thaathaarukal thadavilaakki.
august desember sweedish sainikasena cracovil ninnu purappettu, 1657 august, septambar maasangalil polandile ellah sweedish sainikarum vadakkott rajakeeya prashyayilekku neengi. mothatthil, aaa varshathe sharathkaalathode, ekadesham 8,000 sweedish sainikar maathramaan polandu-litwaniyayil avasheshichathu. malbork, elblagh, ssttam, brodnica, grudsids, torun thudangiya chila prussian nagarangal sweedish ippozhum nilanirtthi. septambar 11 nuu polandumaayi sakhyamundaakkiya 11,000 anga austriyan sainyam cracovinu sameepam kendreekarikkukayum shaithyakaalam chelavazhicha sthalamaaya plokkilekku purappedukayum cheythu. polsh sainika commandermar joonn kasimir rajaavum november november posnaanil othukoodi, 1658 leeii vasanthakaalam vare rajakeeya prashyayile sweedish senaykkethiraaya akramanam vaikippikkaan theerumaanichu. 1657 november november polandum brandenberg-russia bromberg udambadiyil oppuvachu. munbu sweedante bhagamaaya ducal prussia, polandine akramikkukayum, paksham maarukayum, paramaadhikaarathinu pakaramaayi komanveltthinte sainika pinthuna urappunalkukayum cheythu (1466 muthal ithu polandinte oru kottayaayirunnu). poolish charithratthile ettavum valia thettukalilonnayi eee udambadi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
1658-1660.
1658 leeii vasanthakaalath poolish sainyam, raymondo mondekukkoliyude keezhil austriyan sakhyakakshikalumayi chernnu niravadhi pradhana pattanangalum nagarangalum ippozhum sweedish kaikalilaayirunna rajakeeya prashyayil oru akramanam aarambhichu. juulai juulai thorun uparodham aarambhichu. kanatha kottakettya eee nagaratthe barthod hartwig voonn buloyude keezhil 2400 sainikar prathirodhichu. poolish sainyathil chrysistophe grodsikki, jaann sapiha, stephaan sarniki ennee divisionukal ulppedunnu. koodaathe, bromberg udambadikku sesham paksham marria bogusla raadsiviyalinte brandenbergian-russian sainyam avarkk pinthuna nalki. mothatthil, ekadesham 25,000 sainikar thorun uparodhichu. neenduninna peeranki bombaakramanathinu sesham, pradhana akramanam november <aii. dii. 1> raathriyil nadakkukayum desember desember keezhadangukayum cheythu. athesamayam, dano-sweedish yudhathil dainsine sahayikkunnathinaayi stephaan saarniyakkiyude division denmark-norwayilekku pooyi. 1658 octoberil 4500 anga poolish sainyam hambergilethi, 1658 desemberil poolish sainyathinte sahaayathode colding kotta pidichedutthu (colding yuddham kaanuka).
sweedish adhiniveshakkaarumaayi sahakarichuvennu aaropich 1658 juulai 1 nuu poolish sahodaranmaare purathaakkaan sejam utharavittu.
1659-ll laurence voonn derr lindeyude keezhil polandil avasheshichirunna sweedish sainyathe pradhana rajakeeya prussian kottakalaaya malbork, glova gdanska, grudsids, elblagh, brodnica ennividangalilekku pinvalichu. 1659 augustil poolish sainyam glova grudsids pidichedukkukayum taamasiyaathe broadnikkayile pattini kidanna sweedish kaaval seena keezhadangukayum cheythu. maalborkkinte uparodham thudarukayum poolish-brandenbergian sainyam elblaagine thadayukayum cheythu. 1659 desemberil elblaaginte uparodham aarambhichu. athesamayam, 1658-nte avasaanathil, ivaan andrevich khovaanski (tararui), jurij alexijevics dolgorukov ennivarude keezhilulla russian sainyam poolish-lithwanian unitukale veendum aakramichappol poolish-russian vedinirthal avasaanichu (russo-poolish yuddham (1654-1667 kaanuka)). komanveltthinte valiyoru bhagam pidichedukkaan russiacarkku kazhinjenkilum pinneedu conotope yudhathilum polonga yudhathilum parajayappettu.
1660 meyy meyy oleeva udambadi oppuvaykkukayum athu poolish-sweedish yuddham avasanippikkukayum cheythu. samgharsham avasaanichathinusesham, chudnov yudhathil parajayappetta rashyakkaarkkethire polandu-litwania valia akramanam aarambhichu. 1661ll vilnius thirichupidichu (desember 2), koodaathe 1663-64 ll poolish sainyam idathu karayaya ukrainine aakramichu. russiayumaayulla yuddham andrusovoyude vedinirthalode (januvari 30,1667) avasaanichu.
mattu samgharshangal.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte madhyathil polandu-litwaniyayil nadanna yudhangalude parambarayude paraakaashtayaayirunnu pralayam. 1648ll aarambhicha khmelnitski kalapam komanveltthine aadyamaayi baadikkukayum athu raajyathinte thekkukizhakkan pravishyakale baadikkukayum cheythu. kalaapathinte avasaanakhattatthil, 1654ll russiakkaar polandu-litwania akramikkukayum padinjaaru puvaalikkaduthulla visttula nadhi vare athukayum cheythu. komanvelthu transylvania, brandenberg-russia ennividangalil ninnulla sainyathodum poraadi, ennaal prashyayile duchy poolish raajyathin purathu athinte swaathanthryathinu aupachaarika poolish amgeekaaram nedi (vehlou udambadi, 1657). crimean khaanettinteyum nogaay hordinteyum thaathaarukal komanveltthinte niyanthranatthilulla pradeshangalil eathaandu vaarshika adima reydukal nadatthi. eee matellaa adhiniveshangalilum, russian aakramanakaarikal maathramaan poolish vyavasaayangale durbalappeduthiya russian reydukal, naashanashtangal, druthagathiyilulla kadannukayattam enniva kaaranam sweedish janathaykku samanamaaya naashanashtangal varuthiyathu.
1658 septambar 16-leeii hadiac udambadiyiloode, poolish kireedam kosakkukaleyum rutheniyakkaareyum poolish-lithwanian unionile polandu, litwania ennivaykku thulyamaaya sthaanathekku uyarthanum vaasthavathil poolish-lithwanian komanveltthine oru poolish-lithwanian-ruthenian komanvelthu aakki mattaanum shramichu. kosak hetmaan ivaan vaihovskyudeyum dhii cosac ivaan vaihovskyudeyum pinthunayode kizhakkan yooroppinte mukham maattukayennathaayirunnu udambadiyude lakshyam. ennirunnaalum, athinte nibandhanakal orikkalum poornnamaayi praabalyatthil vannilla bhooribhaagam kosakkukalumaayum komanvelthumaayulla thudarchayaaya samyojanathinte janapreethikk purame, russia hadiyaachine amgeekarikkaan visammathikkukayum ukrainile avakaashavaadangal nilanirthukayum cheythu. 1667 januvari 13-leeii andrusovo udambadiyumaayi russia-poolish yuddham (1654-1667) avasaanichu. (krimiyayumaayulla automan bandham kaaranam russia-turkey yudhathil (1676-1681) turkey pankaalitthatthil ninnu polandu-litwania labhamundaakki.samadhana udambadi russiayk idathu karaa ukrainil (neeppar nadiyude idathu) niyanthranam nalki, komanvelthu valathu karaa ukraine (neepparinte valath) nilanirtthi. irupathu varshathinullil russia idathu theerathulla ukraine komanveltthinu thirike nalkumennu thudakkathil karar vyavastha cheythirunnuvenkilum 1686 leeii shaashwatha samadhana udambadiyode vibhajanam sthiramaayi.
vellapokkam poolish mathaparamaya sahishnuthayude yugathinu anthyam kurichu kooduthalum katholikkarallatha aakramanakaarikal kooduthalum catholica dhruvangale ethirthu. 1658ll polandil ninnu protestant poolish sahodaranmaare purathaakkiyathu vardhichuvarunna asahishnuthayude udaaharanamaanu. pralayam samayat, aayirakkanakkin poolish juthanmaarum saporosian kosaakkukal nadatthiya akramathinu irayaayi.
komanveltthinte nasham.
sweedish adhinivesham poolish-lithwanian komanveltthile ettavum sambannamaaya pravishyakale (grettar polandu, lesser polandu, masovia, pomereliya, kujavi, podlassy) baadhichu, avaye 200 varshamaayi valia yudhangal baadichittilla. vaarsoyile rajakeeya kottayude maanejar professor andrej rottermond parayunnathanusarichu, sweedish sainyam polandinte ettavum vilayeriya vasthukkal-aayirakkanakkin kalaasrishtikal, pusthakangal, vilayeriya vasthukkal enniva kollayadichu. eee vasthukkalil bhooribhaagavum orikkalum polandilekku thirike nalkiyittilla, swakaarya sweedish kaikalilum sweedish armi museum, livrestcommeren thudangiya stockholm myoosiyangalilum sookshikkunnu. sweedish sainyam nilayurappicha sthalangalile mikkavarum ellah nagarangalum pattanangalum kottakalum pallikalum nasippikkappettu, koodaathe pala poolish pattanangalilekkum nagarangalilekkum nayikkunna guideukalil "sweedish adhiniveshathil nasippikkappetta vasthu" ennu ezhuthiya kurippukal kaanam. vaarsoyile rajakeeya kottayil ninnu sweedish ekadesham 200 paintingukal, niravadhi paravathaanikal, turkish koodaarangal, samgeethopakaranangal, furnitureukal, chainees cheenjamannu, aayudangal, pusthakangal, kayyezhuthuprathikal, maarbilukal, velakkaarude vasthrangal, chuvarukalil ninnu valichedutha vaathil frameukal enniva kollayadichu. athesamayam, kizhakk russian adhiniveshakkaar kizhakkan bhaagathe adisthaana soukaryangalude bhooribhaagavum nasippikkukayum nasippikkukayum cheythu, bhaagikamaayi avidatthe kanatha kaarshika phalabhooyishtamaaya vikasanam kaaranam.
janalakal, padikal, chimmanikal, shilpangal, nilakal, vaathilukal, kavaadangal ennivayil kaivekkan kazhiyunnathenthum sweedish aalukal moshtichathaayi yooniversitti oof varso instittyoott oof archaeology hubert kovalsky parayunnu. mikka charakkukalum bottukalil kayattukayum visttulayiloode baltic kadalilekkum thudarnnu sweedensilekkum kondupookukayum cheythu. 2011 novemberil, varso sarvakalaashaalayile puraavastu gaveshakar ekadesham 70 enangal (motham bharam anchu tonn) kandethi, avaa orupakshe varso rajakeeya kottayil ninnaan varunnath. sweedante bhaagathekku kondupokunnathinidayil avar visttulayil mungi. moshticha ellah charakkukalum sweeden thirike nalkanamennu oliva udambadiyude article 9 prasthaavichittundel, ellah vasthukkalum ippozhum stockhomilum mattu sweedish sthalangalilum sookshikkunnu. niravadhi poolish rajaakkanmaar (joonn randaaman kasimir, joonn moonnaaman soiski, staanislaav randaaman augusts) sweedante audyogika dauthyangal ayachenkilum vijayichilla. mikka saahacharyangalilum, moshticha saadhanangal evideyaanennu ariyillennu sweedish adhikaarikal avakashappettu. 1911 ll, kraakkovinte akkadami oof sayans athintethaaya dauthyam ayachu, athu prashastha professormaaraaya eugenius barwinsky, ludwick birkenmajar, jaann losh ennivar chernnathaanu. stockholm, upsala ennividangalil ninnu 205 kayyezhuthuprathikalum 168 apoorva poolish pusthakangalum kandethi, avayude kandethalukal oru reportil vivarikkunnu. 2002ll varso rajakottaaram "kazhukanum moonnu kireedangalum" enna oru pradarshanam samghadippichu, athu polandil ninnu moshticha niravadhi vasthukkal sweedish myoosiyangalil sookshichu. pralayam kazhinjaal komanvelthu oru "saamskaarika marubhoomi" aayi maari. polandinum lithwaniaykkum 67 librarikalum 17 aarkkaivukalum nashtappettu. raajyathe ellah pradhana nagarangalilum, lvov gdans maathram nasippikkapettilla, sweedish sainikarkk oru inam moshtikkaan kazhiyaathappol avar athu nasippikkukayo kathikkukayo cheyyum. kottakal, kottarangal, pallikal, madangal, pattanangal, gramangal enniva takarnna nilayilaayirunnu. sweedish adhiniveshathinte falamaayi, polandil barokinu munbulla chila kettidangal avasheshichu. ekadesham 3 dasalaksham perr marichu.
mattullavayil, sweedish sainyam atharam vasthukkal moshtichu
poolish pandithanmaarude kanakkukal prakaram I. ihanaattoviks, Z. lando, eiii. maxac bii. sweedish sainyavum athinte sakhyakakshikalum (brandenberg-russia, transylvania) nadatthiya adhinivesham naalu pradhana poolish pravishyakalile janasamkhyayude 25 sathamaanam nashtappedaan kaaranamaayi. kuranja polandile janasamkhyayude 23 sathamaanavum gramangalil 40 sathamaanavum pattanangalil 70 sathamaanavum kooduthal polandile janasamkhyayude 50 sathamaanavum pattanangalil 60 sathamaanavum nashtappettu. royal prashyaykku janasamkhyayude 60 shathamaanatholam nashtappettu. komanveltthile janasamkhyaa nashtam 30 muthal 50 sathamaanam vare 1648-1660 ll kanakkaakkappedunnu.
2013 januvariyil poolish paarlamentile palikote prasthaana amgamaaya marek posnansky, europian raashtreeyakkaarkkum pathrapravarthakarkkum aayirakkanakkin postkaardukal ayaykkanulla thante padhathi prakhyaapichu, athil vellappokkathil raajyam nasippichathinu polandinu sweedenil ninnu saambathika nashtapariharam labhikkanamenn sweekarthaakkale bodhyappedutthaan addeham aagrahichu. aagrahichu oliva udambadiyil, moshticha ellah charakkukalum thirike nalkaamennu sweeden prathijnjayedutthirunnuve athu orikkalum sambhavichillennum posnansky avakaashappedunnu. empy munbu poolish videshakaarya manthraalayathilum saamskaarika manthraalayathilum edapettittundu; addeham vaarsoyile sweeden embassy sandarshichirunnu. vaarsoyil ninnulla oru bisinasukaranaaya slavian krisivinsky posnenskyil chernnu sweedish adhinivesham moolamundaaya naashatthinte punarnirmmaanatthinu adithara paakukayum cheythu (fandakja odbudovi snissen doconanich dablyu sasee pottopu swedskyego). kriswinskyude abhipraayathil, kollayadikkapetta saadhanangal ippozhum sweedish myoosiyangalilum swakaarya shekharangalilum sookshikkunnu. polandinu branvievo library, nicolas copernicusinte srishtikal, 1543 leeii neuremberg pathippaya "dii revolutionibus oorbiyam koylestiyam", bogurodsikayude ettavum pazhaya achadicha vaachakam enniva nashtappettu. 1650-kalil avar nashippicha raava masoveeka kottayude punarnirmmaanachelavu oru nalla aashayamaayi sweedish paksham vahikkanamennu kriswinsky parayunnu.
komanveltthinte vidhiye badhikkunnu.
thudarnnu polandinte anthaaraashtra nilavaaram durbalamaayathaanu vinashakaramaaya pralayam srishticha ettavum sradheyamaaya prathyaaghaathangalilonnu. sweeden kooduthal nashippichappol, russia pankedutthu, naashanashtatthil sweeden sesham randaam sthaanathaayirunnu. sweeden, russiakkaar ennivar muzhuvan poolish raajyatheyum amgavaikalyathilaakkiyathode, russiayk uyarnnuvaraan kazhinju, pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil russian saamrajyam sthaapikkukayum pathinettaam noottaandinte avasana pakuthiyil polandinte vibhajanathil pradhana punk vahikkukayum cheythu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
pralayam polandil valia swaadheenam chelutthi, yudhathe vivarikkunna niravadhi pusthakangalund. 1886-ll henrique syenkivics thante novalil sweedish adhiniveshathe vivarichu. novaline adisthaanamaakki jersey hofmann 1974 ll oru classic charitra kruthiyaaya "dhaa dulfell" (') enna chithram samvidaanam cheythu. sweedish adhiniveshathinethire dheeramaayi poraadiya desasnehiyaaya andresj kimichik enna kathaapaathramaayi danielle oolbrichski ithil abhinayichu. 1974ll eee chithrathinu ooskaar naamanirddesham labhichenkilum itaaliyan chithramaaya "amarcordinode" parajayappettu.
2000-ll renatta oseesek ("poolish saahithyathile sweedish pralayam") enna pusthakavum 2006-ll jassec plosinsky ("podlassy sweedish pralayam") enna pusthakavum ezhuthi. eee vishayathekkurichulla mattu pusthakangalil iva ulppedunnu mirosla nageelsky ezhuthiya ("raktharookshithamaaya kodunkaattu") (kasubi mekhalayile pralayam vivarikkunna), ("justrisebikkinte adayaalam") staanislaa maria jankovsky ezhuthiya ("sestochova uparodhathinte ormmakkurippu"), pithaav augustin kordeki ezhuthiyathu. koodaathe, jaims mishenar thante "polland" (1983) enna novalil pralayam vivarikkunnu. pralayam viidiyoo geyimukalilekkum vazhi kandethi. viidiyoo geyimil (siyenkiviksinte thrayam enna aadya pusthakatthinte peril) yadhaartha pralayam sambandhicha sambhavangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla 'pralayam' enna oru anweshanam adangiyirikkunnu.

