
eriyanspesu

lokathile aadyathe vaanijya vikshepana sevana daathaavaayi 1980 ll sthaapithamaaya oru franch kambaniyaanu eriyanspesu zaa. eriyan prograaminte pravartthanavum vipananavum ithu ettedukkunnu. kambani niravadhi vyathyastha vikshepana vahanangal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu jiyosteshanari transfer oorbittilekkulla duval vikshepanangalkkaayi hevi-liftt eriyan 5, meediyam-liftt badalaayi soyas-2, bharam kuranja pelodukalkkaayi soolid-fueval vega.
41 varshathinide 287 vikshepanangalilaayi 850-ladhikam upagrahangal eriyanspesu vikshepichittundu. puthiya sthaapanam kaikaaryam cheytha aadyathe vaanijya parakkal 1984 meyy 23 nuu vikshepicha spaasenett eph 1 aayirunnu. franch gayanayile gayana bahirakasha kendram eriyanspesu athinte pradhana vikshepana kendramaayi upayogikkunnu. staarsemile ohari pankaalitthatthiloode, kassaakhsthaanile baikkanoor bahirakasha nilayathil ninnu vaanijyaparamaaya soyas vikshepanangalum vaagdaanam cheyyaan ithinu kazhiyum. fraansile esonile every-corcoronilaanu ithinte aasthaanam.
charithram.
eriyanspesu zaa roopeekaranam bahirakasha paryaveshana mekhalayil samyuktha sahakaranm thudaraanulla niravadhi europian raajyangalude aagrahavumaayi adutha bandhamullathaan, 1973 ll atharam samrambhathin melnottam vahikkunnathinaayi oru paan-naashanal oorganaiseshanaaya europian space ejansi (iii. ezz. eiii) roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. iii. eiii. yude roopeekaranathinu munbu, europa rokkattinu pakaramaayi pravartthikkaan oru puthiya europian chelavu cheyyaavunna vikshepana samvidaanam vikasippikkunnathinayi france lobying nadathukayaayirunnu. athanusarichu, sa aarambhicha aadyathe paripaadikalilonnu eriyan hevi loncharaayirunnu. jiosynchronous bhramanapathathilekku vaanijya upagrahangal athikkuka ennathaayirunnu eee launcherinte vyakthamaaya lakshyam.
eriyan vikasana padhathiyil france aayirunnu ettavum valia pankaali. franch aerospace nirmmathaavaaya erospeshiyal pradhana kararukaaranaayi pravartthikkukayum vaahanathinte ellah vibhaagangaludeyum samyojanam nadathunnathinulla utharavaaditham ettedukkukayum cheythu, athesamayam franch enchin nirmmathaavaaya sosaitti europene dii propulsion (sep) onnum randum moonnum ghatta enchinukal nalki (moonnaam ghatta enchinukal jarmman aerospace nirmmathaavaaya emm. bii. biyumaayi pankaalithatthodeyaanu nirmmichathu). franch sthaapanangalaaya eyar liquide aandu mathra, sweedish nirmmathaavaaya volvo, jarmman vimana nirmmathaavaaya dornier flugseigwerk enniva ulppedunna mattu pradhana kambanikalil ulppedunnu. moonnaamathe ghattatthinte vikasanam padhathiyude oru pradhana kendrabinduvaayirunnu-eriyaninu munbu, hydrajan powered upper steppukal upayogikkunna oru launcher america maathrame parathiyirunnulloo.
1979 desember 24 nuu eriyan 1 nte vijayakaramaya aadya pareekshana vikshepanathinu thottupinnaale, franch bahirakasha ejansiyaaya sentar naashanal dii 'ettuds speshyalukalum (sii. enn. iii. ezz) esayum eriyan pravartthanangal prolsaahippikkunnathum vipananam cheiyunnathinum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinumaayi "eriyanspesu" enna oru puthiya kambani srishtichu. eriyanspesu parayunnathanusarichu, athu sthaapithamaaya samayat, lokathile aadyathe vikshepana sevana kambaniyaayirunnu ithu. moonnu pareekshana vikshepanangalkku sesham, aadyathe vaanijya vikshepanam 1982 septambar 10 nuu nadannu, ithu moonnaam ghattathil oru turbopump paraajayappettathinte falamaayi parajayappettu. eriyan 1-nte sheshikkunna aarr vimanangal vijayakaramaayirunnu, avasana parakkal 1986 februvariyil nadannu. eee aavarthichulla vijayangalude falamaayi, eriyan loncharinulla oordarukal vegathil sthaapichu; 1984-nte thudakkathil, motham 27 upagrahangal eriyan upayogikkaan book cheythu, athu akkaalat loka vipaniyude pakuthiyaanennu kanakkaakkappettirunnu. vaanijyaparamaaya vijayathinte falamaayi, pathaamatthe eriyan dauthyam paratthiya sesham, eriyan douthyathinte utharavaaditham aupachaarikamaayi eriyanspesinu kaimari.
1986-nte thudakkathil, eriyan 1, athinte eriyan 2, eriyan 3 derivettukal enniva loka vipaniyile prabalamaaya loncharaayirunnu. eriyan 2, eriyan 3 enniva hraswakaala plaattfomukalaayirunnu, kooduthal vipulamaaya eriyan 4 vikasippichukondirikkum; lokamembaadumulla loncharukalude mukal attavumayi malsarikkaan thudakkam muthal uddeshichirunna athinte kudumbatthile muun amgangal ganyamaayi valuthum kooduthal vazhakkamullathumaya loncharaayirunnu ithu. thaarathamyappeduthumbol, eriyan 1 nuu 207 tonn bharavum 1.7 tonn vare pelodukal bhramanapathathilekku vikshepikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu; valia eriyan 4 nuu 470 tonn bharavum 4.2 tonn vare pelodukal bhramanapathathil ethikkaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, eriyan 4 yadhaarthathil eriyan 3 nekkaal 15 sathamaanam cheruthaanu.
1988 juun 15nuu eriyan 4nte aadya vijayakaramaya vikshepanam nadannu. onniladhikam upagrahangal bhramanapathathil sthaapicha eee kanni parakkal vijayamayi kanakkakkappettu. vii 50 vikshepanathinaayi, eriyan 4-naayi "echu 10 +" ennariyappedunna oru mechappetta moonnaam ghattam sweekarichu, ithu rokkattinte mothatthilulla payload sheshi 110 kilogram vardhippikkukayum athinte kathikkaanulla samayam 20 second vardhippikkukayum cheythu.
1988ll eriyan 4nte aadya parakkalin munbuthanne eriyan 5 ennu peritta oru pingamiyude vikasanam ithinakam aarambichirunnu. 1985 januvariyil eriyan 5 audyogikamaayi oru sa prograamaayi sweekarikkappedukayum 1996ll aadya vikshepanathinaayi pathinonnu varshathe vikasanavum pareekshana paripadiyum aarambikkukayum cheythu. eriyan 4-nuu athinte mungamikalumaayi undaayirunna uyarnna thalatthilulla samanathakal ithinu illaayirunnu, koodaathe 5 tonn vare bharameriya pelodukal vikshepikkunnathinum eriyan 4-nekkaal 20 sathamaanam chelavu kuraykkunnathinum mathramalla, uyarnna surakshaykkum roopakalppana cheythirunnathu, kaaranam eriyan 5 roopakalppana cheythath crude space lonchukal nadathunnathinum, nirddishta hermus bahirakasha vahanam upayogichu bahiraakaashayaathrikare kondupokunnathinum uddeshichullathaanu. chila sa amgangal atharam loncharukalude sthaapitha aavasyangal niravettunnathinu pakwathayulla eriyan 4 plaattphom kooduthal anuyojyamaanennu karuthiyathinaal eriyan 5-nte vikasanam vivaadangalonnumillaayir; eee kaaranathaalaanu brittan eriyan 5 prograamil pankedukkendennu theerumaanichathennu reportund. niravadhi varshangalayi, eriyan 4, eriyan 5 launcherukal parasparam pravarthippichu; ennirunnaalum, puthiya eriyan 5-ll shradha kendreekarikkunnathinaayi ellah eriyan 4 pravartthanangalum avasaanippikkaan theerumaanichu.
1990kalude madhyathil franch sthaapanangalaaya erospeshiyal, sep enniva itaaliyan sthaapanamaaya bombrini-parodi-delphino (bpd) yumayi chernnu nirddishta eriyan complimentary launcherinte (acl) vikasanathekkurichu charchakal nadatthi. athesamayam, vega ennu vilikkunna oru puthiya soolid-propellant saattalait launcher enna ashayathe itali vijayichu. 2003 maarchil, vegayude vikasanathinulla karaarukalil esayum cnes oppuvachu; itali 65 sathamaanam dhanasahayam nalkiyappol aarr adhika rajyangal bakkiyullava sambhavana cheythu. 2004 meyy maasathil, franch gayanayile kaurovil vahana samyojanam nadathunnathinaayi vaanijya oopparettar eriyanspesum prime contractor elvum thammil oru karar oppittathayi report cheyyappettu. 2012 februvari 13 nuu, vegayude aadya vikshepanam nadannu; ithu "prathyakshatthil thikanja parakkal" aanennu report cheyyappettu. vaanijya sevanathilekku praveshichathinushesham, dhruva, suurya-samakaalika bhramanapathangalilekkulla dauthyangalkkaayi roopakalppana cheytha oru vikshepana samvidaanamaayi eriyanspesu vega vipananam cheiyunnu.
2002ll, russiayumaayi sahakarichu sa eriyanspesu soyas prograam prakhyaapichu; gayana bahirakasha kendramaayi soyasinaayi oru vikshepana sthalam nirmmikkukayum soyas vikshepana vahanam saittil upayogikkunnathinaayi parishkkarikkukayum cheythu. 2005 februvari 4nuu eee samrambhathin dhanasahayavum anthima amgeekaaravum nalki. eriyanspesu thangalude upabhokthaakkalkk parishkaricha soyas ezz. tii. biyile vikshepana sevanangal vaagdaanam cheythirunnu. 2011 october 21 nuu, muun soviyatt pradeshathinu purathu ninnu eriyanspesu aadyathe soyas rokkatt vikshepichu. rund galilio naavigeshan upagrahangal ulppettathaayirunnu payload. 2011 muthal, eriyanspesu motham 23 soyas rokkattukal oordar cheythittundu, ithu 2019 vare prathivarsham moonno naalo vikshepanangalude vegathayil athinte aavasyangal niravettaan paryaapthamaan.
2019 januvari 21 nuu eriyan group eriyanspesum ragolit khananam cheiyunnathinaayi chandranilekkulla oru dauthyathinaayi padikkunnathinum thayyaaredukkunnathinumaayi esayumaayi oru varshathe karar oppittathayi prakhyaapichu.
2020ll covid-19 mahamari kaaranam eriyanspesu ekadesham rund maasathekku pravartthanangal nirtthivachu. march 18nuu pravartthanangal nirtthivaykkukayum epril 29 vare meyy 11nuu punaraarambhikkumenn pratheekshikkukayum cheythu. pravarthanangalilekkulla thirichuvaravu jolisthalathe saamoohika akalam ulppede niravadhi puthiya aarogya, suraksha maargganirddeshangal palikkum.
kambaniyum adisthaana soukaryangalum.
europian bahirakasha vyavasayathinum vividha ghadaka vitharanakkarkkumulla vipanana, vilppana samghadanayaanu eriyanspesu."
vividha europian raajyangalile vitharanakkaaraan eriyanspesinte praadhamika ohariyudamakal.
2008ll eriyanspesinu 24 ohariyudamakalum 2014ll 21 ohariyudamakalum undaayirunnu.
17 maathram.
eriyan 6 carrier rokkatt vikasippikkukayum nirmmikkukayum cheiyunna airbus safran launcherukal (pinneedu eriyan group ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu) srishtichathinethudarnna 2015 ll eriyanspesu shareholding punasamghadippichu. vyaavasaayika grouppukalaaya airbuses safran thangalude oharikalum franch sarkkaarinte cne oharikalum cherthu eriyanspesu oharikalude 74 sathamaanathil thaazhe maathram kaivashamulla oru pankaalittha kambani roopeekarichu, backie 26 sathamaanam airbus subsidiarykal ulppede ombathu raajyangalile vitharanakkaaril vyaapichukidakkunnu.
korpparettu maanejment.
eriyanspesu maanejment team ithaayirunnu
malsaravum vilanirnayavum.
2004 aayappozhekkum jiyosteshanari transfer oorbittilekku (jii. tii. oo) upagrahangal uyarthunnathinaayi lokavipaniyude 50 sathamaanathiladhikam eriyanspesu kaivashappeduthiyirunnathi reportund.
2010-kalil, puthiya mekhalayilekku praveshicha spacex prathinidheekarikkunna vinashakaramaaya shakti eriyanspesine athinte thozhilshakthiye vettikkuraykkaanum vikshepana mekhalayile puthiya kuranja chelavil praveshikkunnavarodu mathsaraadhishtithamaayi thudarunnathinu chelavu kuraykkunnathil shradha kendreekarikkaanum nirbandhithamaakki. atharam kambanikalil ninnulla vilanirnaya sammarddathinidayil, 2013 novemberil, eriyanspesu athinte eriyan 5-ll jiyosteshanari bhramanapathangalilekku kondupookunna "bharam kuranja upagrahangalkk" vila nischayikkaanulla vazhakkam nadappaakkukayaanennu prakhyaapichu. eriyanspesinte managing director parayunnathanusarichu "spacexil ninnu valare pradhanappetta oru velluvili varunnundennu valare vyakthamaan (...) athinaal karyangal maaranam...) koodaathe muzhuvan europian vyavasaayavum punasamghadippikkukayum ekeekarikkukayum yukthisahamaakkukayum kaaryakshamamakkukayum cheiyunnu."
2014-nte thudakkathil, speksile malsaravum euro-dollar vinimaya nirakkile prathikoola maattangalum neridaan europian sarkkaarukalil ninnu adhika subsidikal abhyarthikkunnathinekku eriyanspesu pariganichirunnu. 2002 muthal kambani subsidy pinthuna prathivarsham 100 dasalaksham euro pakuthiyaayi kurachirunnu, ennaal us dollarinte moolyathile idivu ardhamaakkunnathu vikshepana karaarukalile currency ettakkurachilukal kaaranam eriyanspesinu prathivarsham 60 dasalaksham euro nashtappedunnu ennaanu. eriyanspesil ninnu vipani vihitam edukkaan spacex aarambhichathayi reportund, eriyanspesinte pradhana upabhokthavaaya yoottalsaatt sii. iii. oo maikkal dii rosen prasthaavichu "oro varshavum kadannupokumbol spacex munnerukayum vipani vihitam nedukayum skeyilinte sambadvyavasthayiloode athinte chelavu kooduthal kuraykkukayum cheyyum."
2014 septambarode, eriyanspesinu oru spacex vikshepana vaahanathil paratthaan kazhiyunna upagrahangalkkayi eriyan 5 silda dispensorile thaazhnna slottukalkkaayi naalu adhika karaarukal oppidendivannathayi reportund; chelavu kuraykkunnathiloode ithu anuvadichathaayi avakashappettu; appozhekkum motham 11 karaarukalil oppuvachu, athesamayam rund adhika karaarukal vipulamaaya charchakalkku vidheyamaayirunnu. akkaalat, eriyan 5-lum soyasil 7-lum vegayil 9-lum vikshepikkunna 38 upagrahangalulla eriyanspesinu bilyan kanakkinu vikshepanangalude backlog undu, ithu aagola upagraha vikshepana vipaniyude 60 sathamaanavum avakaashappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, 2017 muthal, eriyanspesinte vipani vihitam vaanijya vikshepanangalil spacex marikadannu.
vahanangal vikshepikkuka.
nilavil eriyanspesu eriyan 5-nte rund pathippukal ulppede 3 vikshepana vahanangal pravartthippikkunnu
koodaathe, lonch sarveesas alayansiloode echu-iaail eriyanspesu oopshanal backup lonch sevanam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu.
eriyan vikshepana vahanangal.
1979-ll aadyamaayi vikshepichathinushesham, eriyan vikshepana vaahanathinte niravadhi pathippukal undaayittund

