
arnold gullinks

philaarattas enna thoolikaanaamathil ariyappedunna arnold gullink (; 31 januvari 1624-november 1669) oru flemish thathwachinthakanum metafisisianum yukthivaadiyumaayirunnu. pothuve cartician thathwachinthayude kooduthal vishadamaaya pathippukal thayyarakkan shramicha rene descartesinte anuyaayikalil oraalaayirunnu addeham. manushyaavasthayude shakthiyillaaymaykkum anjjathaykkum gullinks oonnal nalkiyathinaal gullinxine oru pradhana swaadheenavum idanilakkaaranumaayi saamuval bekkatt udharichu.
jeevitam.
aant verppilaan giulinks janichathu. addeham luvan sarvakalashaalayil thathwachinthayum daivashaasthravum padikkukayum 1646-ll avide thathwachinthayude professoraayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1658-ll addehathinu thante sthaanam nashtappettu, orupakshe mathaparamaya kaaranangalal, allengil (soochippichathupole) janapreethiyillaatha kazhchappadukaludeyum aaa varshathe vivaahathinteyum samyojanam. 1658 septambaril gullings oru medical doktaraayi. thudarnnu addeham vadakku lyden sarvakalaashaalayilekk maarukayum kaalvinisathilekku parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. thudakkathil addeham thathwachinthayil swakaarya paadangal nalki. 1662ll yukthiyil vaayanakkaaranaayum 1665ll prathyeka niyamanathiloode professorayum addeham niyamikkapettu. 1662 vare gullink daaridryathilaanu jeevichirunnathu. 1669 novemberil addeham lidenil vachu marichu, laattin bhashayil ezhuthiya addehathinte mikka kruthikalum addehathinte maranashesham prasidheekarikkaanaayi avasheshichu. cornellis bontecoyaanu avaa edittu cheythath.
prashasthi.
vaividhyathinte upakaranangalillathe daivathinu pravartthikkaan kazhiyillennu gullinksinte prabandham undaayirunnittum, pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, udaaharanathinu, oru spinosist enna nilayil ruwardes andala carolus tuinman addehathe shakthamayi aakramichu. eee vimarsanam 1710-ll kristhyan thomasiasil ninnaan uthbhavichath. barchardus dii volder, jeane leclerk, frederic vaan leinhoff, pontian vaan haattem, villem durehoff ennivarumaayi gyoolinksine doshakaramennu tharamthirichukondu "yadhaartha" carticianmarkku vendiyaayirunnu andalayil ninnulla akramanam. kristhyan volfinethiraaya prachaaranatthinte bhaagamaayi piyattist jokim laang gyoolinksine akramikkukayum piyar beyline johann france budius vanjanaaparamaayi kristhyan virudhanaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheythu.
thathwachintha.
gullinks thante thathwachinthaye "(" athu nilavilundu, athinaal athu angane thanne ") enna vaakyathil samgrahichu. libenis eee ashayam nannayi ormmikkunnathinu 25 varsham munbu marikkunna addeham manass-shareera prashnathinulla parihaaramaayi "munkootty sthaapicha aikyam" vishwasichu. leebnisinte thathwachinthayil, munkootty sthaapithamaaya aikyathinte sidhaantham shubhaapthivishvaasavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, eee lokathe "saadhyamaaya ellah lokangalilum mikachathu" enna ashayam. ennaal gullings atharamoru bandham undakkiyittilla.
jiyulinksinte edaykkideyulla swabhaavam athinte thudakkathile prapanchashaasthrathekkaal daarmmikamaanu. addehathinte "dhaarmikatha" yude aadyabhaagam addehathinte adisthaana gunangal enthokkeyaanennathinekku padanamaanu. jiulinks anusarichu sadgunangal daivathodum yukthiyodumulla snehamaanu (iii, 16-17; 29). aathmaarthathayil ninnu udan ozhukunnathum baahyavumaayi yaathoru bandhavumillaathathumaaya sadgunangalude gunangalaanu pradhana sadgunangal utsaaham, anusaranm, neethi, vinayam (3,17). thaazhma lokathekkurichulla addehathinte kaazhchappaadine rund bhagangalaayi vibhajikkunnu onnu, lokavumaayulla nammude bandhathekkurichulla dhaarana; mattonn, daivavumaayulla nammude bandhathekkurichulla ashayam. svayam ariyanum svayam upekshikkanum ullathaanu vinayam. ariyanum aagrahikkaanallaathe ente svanthamaayi mattonnum njaan ennil kandethunnilla. athinaal njaan cheiyunna ellah kaaryangalekkurichum njaan bodhavaanaayirikkanam, enikku bodhamillaathathu ente swantham kaaryakaaranatthinte falamalla. athinaal kaaryakaaranatthinte saarvathrika thathwam oru kaaryam engane cheyyanamennu ningalkkariyillenkil, ningal athu cheiyunnilla. thante "metaafisikka vera" yill addeham eee thathwathinte oru roopavum prasthaavikkunnu. appol, naadeeprerana peshikalilekku engane kadannupokunnuvennum avaa engane churungaan kaaranamakunnuvennum ariyaathe ente shareerathinte chalanagal nadakkunnathinaal, njaan ente swantham shaareerika pravarthanangalkku kaaranamakunnilla. "athinaal njaan eee yanthrathinte oru kaazhchakkaaran maathramaan. athil njaan onnum roopappeduthunnilla, onnum puthukkippaniyarilla, njaan ivide onnum nirmmikkukayo nasippikkukayo cheiyunnilla. ellaam mattoraalude joliyaanu "(3,33). ellaam kaanukayum ariyukayum cheiyunna devanaan ivan. gullinksinte thathwachinthayude randaam bhagam edaykkideyullathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, kaaranam athinte falamaanu. athinte maarganirddesha thathwam ithaanu ningalkk onnum cheyyaan kazhiyaathidathum ningal onnum aagrahikkaruth (iii, 222). ithu oru nigoodathayilekkum sanyaasathilekkum nayikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu valare gauravamaayi edukkaan paadilla, kaaranam shareerathe paripalikkukayum jeevajaalangale pracharippikkukayum cheyyenda badhyatha athine niyanthrikkunnu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
laattin bhashayil prasidheekaricha addehathinte jeevithakaalathu prathyakshappetta kruthikalellaam ivayaayirunnu
maranananthara prasidheekaranam nadakkumbol aarr bhagangalaayi neenduninna "dhaarmikatha" yude aadya bhaagamaayirunnu "dii vertuit".
gullinksinte kruthikalude engleesh pathippukal
swaadheenam.
arnold gullinksinte manoharamaaya belgo-laattin", prathyekichu irunda naasaaroopam (anweshakaraaya vimarshakarodu bekkatt palappozhum aavarthikkunnu) (ekadesham "ningalkk vilayillaathidathu, avide ningalkk onnum venda") ennivaye smarikkunna marfi enna kathaapaathrathe saamuval bekkatt udharikkunnu. moloy" (1950) enna novalil, bekkattinte athe perilulla kathaapaathram svayam visheshippikkunnathu "" marichupoya cheruppakkaaranaaya pazhaya gullinksinte prathichaaya ishtappetta njaan, yulisasinte karutha boatil enne swathanthramaayi upekshichu kizhakode, dekkiloode izhayunnu "ennaanu. bekkattinte "avasaanam" enna cherukathayilum gullinxine paraamarsikkunnundu.
neesheyude "dhaarmmikathayude vamshavali" yude "moonnaamathe lekhanathil" gullinksinte reethiyude oru udharani kaanapedunnu.
addehathinte "dhaarmikatha" yill ninnulla oru udharani (, ekadesham "eee lokath enikku enikkappuram onnum cheyyaan kazhiyilla") oru ardhathil aaaa enna thalakkettinte silaashaasanamaayum upayogikkunnu.jii. mojtaabaayiyude "mondom" (1974) enna noval.

