
pyrococcus furiosus

pyrococcus furiosus oru heterotrophic, karsanamaayi vaayurahitavum, extremophilic, aarkkiyayude maathrukaa inamaanu. valare uyarnna thapanilayil ettavum nannayi valarunnathinaal ithine hyperthermophile ennu tharamthirickunnu, koodaathe 100 digri selshyas (mikka jeevajaalangaleyum nasippikkunna thaapanila) enna opttimal valarchaa thaapanilaykk ithu sradheyamaanu. "pii. hydrothermal ventukalude angeyattatthe paaristhithika saahacharyangalil saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunna "pyrococcus" janussil pedunnathaanu furiosus. jaiva thanmaathrakalil apoorvvamaayi kaanapedunna moolakamaaya tangsttan adangiya ensaimukalulla churukkam chila procariotic jeevikalil onnaanith. 
"pyrococcus furiosus"-nuu athinte savisheshamaaya thermostable gunangal kaaranam niravadhi vyaavasaayika prayogangalundu. "pii. proof reeding pravartthanam kaaranam polymerase cheyin reaction (pii. sii. aarr) vazhi dna amplification prakriyayil furiosus upayogikkunnu. pii" upayogikkunnu. parambaraagathamaayi upayogikkunna "tack" dna polymerasinu pakaram pcr dna amplificationile furiosus "kooduthal krithyamaaya prakriya anuvadikkunnu. p" yude thermodynamic sthiratha. laborattari, vyaavasaayika aavasyangalkkaayi diolukal srishtikkunnathinu furiosus ensimeukal upayogapradamaanu. pii" yill kaanapedunna chila superxide dismuttesukal. paristhithi sammarddamulla saahacharyangalilum aathyanthikamayi avayude athijeevanathilum sahishnutha vardhippikkunnathinu sasyangalil furiosus "avatharippikkan kazhiyum. 
swathukkal.
"pyrococcus furiosus" ennathu karsanamaayi vaayurahitavum heterotrophic, sulfur kuraykkunna aarkkiyayaan, ithu yadhaarthathil italiyile valkkaanoyile choodaaya avashishtangalil ninnu fiala stettarum upayogichu verthirichirikkunnu. opttimal saahacharyangalil 37 minitt enna athivega erattippikkal samayathinu ithu sradheyamaanu, athaayath oro 37 minittilum oro jeevikaludeyum ennam randaayi gunikkukayum oru exponential valarchaa vakram nalkukayum cheiyunnu. oro jeevajaalathinum chuttum ezz-lair ennariyappedunna glycoprotein adangiya oru sellular cover undu. ithu mikkavarum saadhaarana kokkiyaayi kaanapedunnu-athaayath ithu ekadesham golaakrithiyilullathaanu-0.8 micrometer muthal 1.5 micrometer vare vyaasamulla kuthaka polytricus flagalation.
archaea enangalkku sradheyamaaya oru glycoprotein "pii" yude gadanayude bhooribhaagavum undaakkunnu. furiosus "flazella. neenthalinaayi upayogikkaan saadhyathayullathinupurame, nischalamaaya valarchaa ghattathil koshangalumayulla kanakshanukal roopappeduthunnathu polulla savisheshamaaya prayogangalkkaayi upayogikkunna laab saahacharyangalil eee flagellakal nireekshikkappettu. eee inam kandethiya aavaasavyavasthayile manal daanyangal polulla vividha khara prathalangalil gadippikkaan avaa cable polulla connectorukalaayum upayogikkunnu. ithu micro colonial biophilim polulla gadanakalude roopeekaranathilekku nayichekkaam.
"pii."furiosus" 70°sii (158°eph) num 103°sii (217°eph) num idayil, 100°sii (212°eph) opttimal thapanilayodum, piechu 5 num 9 num idayil (piechu 7 ll opttimal) valarunnu. ithu carbohydrateukalude pulippikkal upayogikkunnathinaal, embden-mayerhoff paathayiloode yeest sathil, maltos, cellobios, β-glucans, annajam, protein srothassukalil (triptton, peptton, keysin, irachi sathil) ithu nannayi valarunnu. mattu aarkkiyaavukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ithu thaarathamyena vishalamaaya srothassukalaanu. amino aasidukal, oorgaanik aasidukal, alcoholeukal, mikka carbohydrateukalum (glucose, fructose, lactose, galactose ennivayulppede) ennivayil valarcha valare mandagathiyilo nilavililla. pii" yude upapachayam uthppannangal. furiosus "ennathu kaarban dye ooksaid, echu 2 ennivayaanu. hydrajante saannidhyam athinte valarchayeyum mettabolisatheyum saaramaayi thadassappeduthunnu; ennirunnaalum, sulfur jeeviyude paristhithiyilekku avatharippikkunnathiloode eee prabhavam ozhivakkaan kazhiyum. eee saahacharyathil, oorjja ulppaadanathinalla, marichu vishaamsham illaathaakkal allengil oorjja samrakshanathinaayaan athinte upapachayam prakriyakaliloode echu 2 ezz ulppaadippikkaan kazhiyuka. mattu pala hyperthermophylukalum valarchaykku sulfurine aasrayikkunnu, "p. furiosus "illa.
"pii. protonukale hydrajan vaathakamaayi kurachukondu oorjjam nedukayum eee oorjjam upayogichu athinte kosha stharathiludaneelam oru electrochemical gradient srishtikkukayum athuvazhi eiii. tii. pii sinthasisine nayikkukayum cheiyunna asaadhaaranavum kauthukakaravumaaya lalithamaaya shwasana samvidaanathinum furiosus sradheyamaanu. innathe ellah uyarnna jeevajaalangalilum shvasanavyavasthayude valare aadyakaala parinamaparamaaya munnodiyaayirikkaam ithu.
genomics.
2001ll yooniversitti oof maryland biotechnology instittyoottile shaasthranjaraanu "pyrococcus furiosus" enna genome poortthiyaakkiyathu. proteinukal encode cheiyunna 2,065 ooppan reeding frameukal (orfs) ulppede genome 1,908 kilobesukal ullathayi maryland team kandethi. 2005ll nadatthiya oru padanatthil "pyrococcus furiosus" ennathinu prathyekamaayi 17 puthiya oorfukal yadhaarthathil vyaakhyaanichittillena velippeduthi, ithu oorfukalude ennam 2,082 aayi uyarthi.
coom 1 enna perilulla "pyrococcus furiosasinte" oru laab strain saadhaaranayaayi athinte "uyarnna plaastitti" ykkum uyarnna punasamyojanavum traansposan pravartthanavum kaaranam videsha dna edukkaanulla kazhivinum upayogikkunnu. reference cheytha enn. sii. bii. aii genome ennathinekkaal 1,571 kooduthal bays jodikalum 10 insersion sequenceukalum (aii. ezz. iii. ezz) ithinu undu. eee iii. ezz. kall 13 jeenukale nirjjeevamakki, avayil palathilum maattam varuthiyittundu, ennaal eee vakabhedathinte valarcha ippozhum athinte maathru vakabhedavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunnatha.
ensimeukal.
alcohol dehydragenesukal.
"pyrococcus furiosasil" uyarnna thermostable alcohol dehydragenesukal (adhs) undu short cheyin adhaa, irumbu adangiya adhb, sink adangiya adhc ennivayum athilereyum. eee adhsukal oronnum nadpi-aashrithamaan, koodaathe aldehydeukal alcoholukalaayi kuraykkunnathinu pulippikkal vazhi ulppaadippikkunna naduff upayogichu nadpi + niraykkaan sahayikkunnu. aldehydeukal pulippikkalinte uthppannangalum koshathinu vishamullavayumaan, athinaal avaa neekkam cheyyendathu aavasyamaanu. "pii. furiosus adhsukalkku saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkaan kazhiyunna vishalamaaya aldehyde substrateukal undu, koodaathe avaykku ethanol, 1,3-propanediyol, substratinulla mattu alcoholeukal enniva upayogichu vipareeta prathikaranatthe (aalkkaholukalude ooksideshan) uthejippikkaanum kazhiyum. aarkkiyayile mikka ensaimukaleyum pole, adhsukal ooksijanodu sensitiivu aanu.
oksidoredaktesukal.
"pyrococcus furiosasinu" athinte naad (pii) echu-indipendant glycolitic paathayude bhagamaaya anchu savishesha tangsttan adangiya ooksidoredaktesukalundu. eee ensimeukal 90 digri selshyasinu mukalil mikacha reethiyil pravartthikkunnu. aldehydeukalude ooksideshan uthejippikkaanum ferredoxin kuraykkaanum tangsttan, sulfur, irumbu enniva upayogikkunna aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase allengil ayor aanu aadyamaayi kandethiyathu (ithu naad (pii) echu ennathinu pakaram electron kaariyaraan). ithu aadyathethu aayathinal, tangsttan adangiya ellah ooksidoredaktesukalum ayor kudumbatthinte bhaagamaanenn parayappedunnu. glyceraldehyde-3-phoosphett ferredoxin oxidoreductase allengil guppore aanu adutha oxidoreductase, ithu tungstonum irumbum upayogichu prathyekamaayi glyceraldehyde-3-phosphettinte ooksideshan uthejippikkunnu. p" yile pala ensaimukaleyum pole vaayurahithamaya avasthakalil maathrame guppore pravartthikkoo. furiosus ". mattoru oxidoreductase formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase aanu, allengil ithu aldehydeukalude ooksideshane carboxylic aasidukalaayi uthejippikkunnu. eee ensime tangsttan, irumbu, sulfur, kaalsyam enningane naalu tharam coffactorukal upayogikkunnu. adutha oxidoreductase, voor 4, aldehydeukale ooksidais cheyyaan sahayikkunnilla, marichu moolaka sulfur (ezz 0) echu 2 ezz aayi kuraykkunnathil oru pankundu. ithu athe coffactorukal upayogikkunnu, ithu p-ll maathrame kaanappedunnulloo. moolaka sulferinte saannidhyathil valarunna furiosus koshangal. anchaamatheyum avasaanatheyum oxidoreductasinu voor5 ennu perittu, ithinu sugandha, aliphatic aldehyde enangalkku vishalamaaya prathyekathayaanullathu.
p" ennathil oru oxidoreductase inam. tangsttan adangiyittillaatha furiosus pairuvettu ferredoxin oxidoreductase allengil pore aanu, ithu glycolitic paathayude avasana ghattathe uthejippikkunnu. mesophilic pairuvettu ooksidooredaktesukalude poorvvikanaanu pore ennu saadhyathayund. irumbum sulfur upayogichu aaril pairuvettukalude auxidative decarboxylation uthejippikkunna indolipiruvettu ferredoxin oxidoreductase allengil ayor undu."
upayogikkunnu.
dna amplificationil.
pii" yill oru dna polymerase kandethi. ariyappedunna mattu dna polymerasukalumaayi bandhamillenn karuthappettirunna furiosus, athinte rund proteinukalkkum ariyappedunna mattu dna polymeraseukalkkum idayil kaaryamaaya sequence homology kandethiyitla. eee dna polymerasinu sakthamaaya 3 '-tuu-5' exonucleolytic pravartthanavum oru replicative dna polymerasinte savisheshathayulla oru template-primer mungananayumund, ithu eee ensime "pii" yude replicative dna polymerase aayirikkaamenn shaasthranjare vishwasikkaan prerippikkunnu. furiosus ". athinusesham ithu dii. enn. eiii polymerase II-nte athe kudumbamaaya polymeraseukalude bii kudumbatthil sthaapikkappettu. polymerase bick valare saadhaaranamaanennu thonnunna athinte ghadanayum pariharichu. 
kaaranam "p" yude ensimeukal. furiosus "valare thermostable aanu, p ll ninnulla dna polymerase. polymerase cheyin reaction (pii. sii. aarr) dii. enn. eiii amplification prakriyayil furiosus (pii. eph. yuu dii. enn. eiii polymerase ennum ariyappedunnu) upayogikkaam. pii. sii. aarr prakriya automated inn vitro aamplifikkeshanaayi oru thermostable dna polymerase upayogikkanam, yadhaarthathil "tack" dna polymerase upayogichu. ennirunnaalum, shudheekaricha "tack" dna polymerasinu exonuclease (proof reeding) pravartthanam illaathathinaal, ithinu poruthappedaattha nucleodideukale utppaadippikkaan kazhiyilla. 1990kalude thudakkathil gaveshakar "pii. yuu" yude "pii. eph. yuu" dii. enn. eiii. polymerase kandethi. furiosus "yadhaarthathil pishakukal neekkam cheyyaan anuvadikkunna aavashyamaaya 3 '-tuu-5' exonucles pravartthanam undu. pii. sii. aarr prakriyayil "pii. eph. yuu" dii. enn. eiii. polymerase upayogicha thudarnnulla parisodhanakal "tack" dii. enn. eiii. polymerase upayogikkunnathinte krithyathayekkaal pathuvirattiyiladhikam mechappettathaayi kandethi.
diolukalude uthppaadanathil.
pii" yude oru praayogika prayogam. vividha vyaavasaayika prakriyakalkkayi diolukalude ulppaadanathilaanu furiosus. pii" yude ensimeukal upayogikkaan kazhiyum. enancio, diasteriomerical shudhamaaya diolukalude ulppaadanathil alcohol dehydragenesukal aavasyamulla bhakshanam, farmaceuticals, phine chemicals thudangiya vyavasaayangalile prayogangalkkaayi furiosus. pii" polulla hyperthermophylukalil ninnulla ensimeukal. thaarathamyena prathirodhasheshiyullathinaal laborattari prakriyakalil furiosasinu nannayi pravartthikkaan kazhiyum avaa saadhaaranayaayi uyarnna thapanilayilum uyarnna marddathilum uyarnna raasavasthukkalude saandrathayilum nannayi pravartthikkunnu.
laboratariyil swaabhaavikamaayi uruthirinja ensimeukal upayogapradamaakkunnathin, avayude janithaka ghadanayil maattam varuthendathu palappozhum aavasyamaanu. allengil, swaabhaavikamaayi undaakunna ensimeukal krithrimamaayi prerippikkunna prakriyayil kaaryakshamamakanamennilla. ennirunnaalum "p" yude ensimeukal. uyarnna thapanilayil furiosus 'mikacha reethiyil pravartthikkunnu, shaasthranjar oru nadapadikramam nadatthaan aagrahichekkilla. thathfalamaayi, eee saahacharyathil, nirddishta ensime adha "p" ll ninnaan eduthathu. krithrima prakriyakalil upayogikkunnathinu anuyojyamaaya alcohol dehydrogenase labhikkunnathin furiosus "oru laboratariyil vividha myootteshanukaliloode iduka. kuranja thapanilayil kaaryakshamamaayi pravartthikkaanum uthppaadanakshamatha nilanirthaanum kazhiyunna oru mutent ensime nedaan ithu shaasthranjare anuvadichu.
sasyangalil.
p" ll kaanapedunna oru prathyeka jeeninte aavishkaaram. sasyangalile furiosus "choododu sahishnutha vardhippikkunnathiloode avaye kooduthal susthiramaakkukayum cheyyum. choodu exposure polulla paaristhithika sammarddangalodu prathikarikkunna sasyangal reactive ooksijan enangal uthpaadippikkunnu, ithu koshangalude maranathinu kaaranamakum. eee free radicalukal neekkam cheythaal koshangalude maranam vaikiyekkaam. superxide dismuttesukal ennu vilikkunna sasyangalile ensimeukal koshangalil ninnu superxide ayoon raadikkalukale neekkam cheiyunnu, ennaal eee ensaimukalude alavum pravartthanavum vardhippikkunnathu budhimuttaanu, mathramalla sasyangalude eerppam mechappeduthunnathinulla ettavum kaaryakshamamaya margamalla.
p" yude superxide reductaseukal avatharippikkunnathiloode. sasyangalilekku furiosus, oo 2 nte alavu vegathil kuraykkaan kazhiyum. arabidopsis taliana enna chedi upayogichaanu shaasthranjar eee reethi pareekshichathu. eee prakriyayude falamaayi, sasyangalile koshangalude maranam kuravaanu, athinaal paaristhithika sammarddathodulla prathikaranangalude theevratha kurayunnu. ithu sasyangalude nilanilpp vardhippikkukayum avaye prakasham, rasavasthukkal, choodu sammarddam ennivayodu kooduthal prathirodhasheshiyullathaakkum cheiyunnu.
chovva polulla mattu grahangalil kooduthal theevramaaya kaalaavasthayil athijeevikkaan kazhiyunna sasyangale srishtikkunnathinulla oru prarambha pooyintaayi eee patanam upayogikkaam. pii" polulla exterophylukalil ninnu kooduthal ensimeukal avatharippikkunnathiloode. furiosus "mattu inam sasyangalilekku, avishwasaneeyamaamvidham prathirodhasheshiyulla enangale srishtikkaan kazhiyum.
amino aasidukal gaveshanam cheiyunnathil.
pii" thaarathamyam cheythukondu. furiosus "aarkkiyayude anubandha inamaaya" pyrococcus abissi "yumayi, shaasthranjar chila amino aasidukalum vividha speesheesukalile chila sammarddangalkkulla aduppavum thammilulla parasparabandham nirnnayikkaan shramichu. "pii. furiosus "barophilic allah, athesamayam" p. abissi" ennaal, valare uyarnna sammarddangalil ithu mikacha reethiyil pravartthikkunnu ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu. rund hyperthermophilic inam arkkiyakal upayogikkunnathu paristhithiyude thapanilayumaayi bandhapetta vyathiyaanangalude saadhyatha kuraykkunnu, ithu pradhaanamaayum pareekshanathmaka roopakalppanayile variableukal kuraykkunnu.
chila amino aasidukalude barofilisittiyekkurisuri vivarangal nalkunnathinupurame, janithaka kodukalude uthbhavathekurichum athinte samghadanaaparamaaya swaadheenangalekkurichum eee pareekshanam vilapetta ulkkaazhcha nalki. janithaka kodukalude ghadanayil barophyllicity nirnnayikkunna mikka amino aasidukalum pradhaanamaanennu kandethi. kooduthal pollar amino aasidukalum cheria amino aasidukalum barophilic aakanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanennum kandethi. eee rund aarkkiyakaludeyum thaarathamyathiloode, janithaka coode uyarnna hydrostatic marddathilaanu roopappettirikkunnathum thaapanilayekkaal janithaka coode nirnnayikkunnathil hydrostatic marddam kooduthal swaadheenamulla gadakamaanennum nigamanatthiletthi.
charithram.
"italiyile vulcano dveepile porto levente beechil thaapanilaykkidayil shekharikkukayum shekharikkukayum cheytha jeothermal samudra avashishtangalil ninnu vaayurahithamayi verthirichedukkukayum cheythathaanu "pyrococcus furiosus". germmaniyile regensburg sarvakalaashaalayile kaal stettarum sahapravarthakanaaya gerhard fialayumaanu ithu aadyamaayi vivarichathu. "pyrococcus furiosus" yadhaarthathil 1986 ll thaarathamyena aduthide kandethiya aarkkiyayude oru puthiya januss uthbhavichu.
enna perinte ardham greak bhashayil' fireball 'ennaanu, ithu extrophyllinte vrithaakrithiyeyum 100 digri selshyas thapanilayil valarunnathinulla kazhivineyum soochippikkunnu. laattin bhashayil 'rushing' ennaanu eee inathinte peru ardhamaakkunnathu, ithu extrophyllinte erattippikkal samayatheyum drutha neenthalineyum soochippikkunnu.

