
magathama

 charitraatheethakaala jappanil avasana jomon kaalaghattam muthal ekadesham bisi 1000 muthal aaram noottaand vare kofun kaalaghattam vare prathyakshappetta valanja, cooma aakruthiyilulla muthukalaanu iva. aabharanangal" ennum visheshippikkappedunna muthukal aadyakaalakhattathil aadima kallum manmarunnukalum upayogichaanu nirmmichirunnathenkilum kofun kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathode mikkavarum jaid upayogichaanu nirmmichathu. thudakkathil alankaara aabharanangalaayi pravarthichirunnuvena kofun kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathode achaaraparavum mathaparavumaya vasthukkalaayi pravarthichu. jappaanile prathyeka pradeshangalil nirmmichava vyapara maarggangaliloode japanese dveepasamoohathiludaneelam thekkan corian raajyangalilekku vyaapakamaayi vyaapichukidakkukayirnu puraavastu thelivukal soochippikkunnu.
jomon kaalaghattam.
 avasana jomon kaalaghattatthil (bce) jappanilaanu aadyamaayi prathyakshappettath, eee kaalaghattatthil kalimannu, talk, slate, quarts, gneese, jedaitt, nephrait, serpentanaitt ennivayulppede thaarathamyena lalithavum swaabhaavikamaayum kaanapedunnathumaaya vasthukkalil ninnaan ithu nirmmichathu. jomon kaalaghattatthil kramarahithamaya roopamaayirunnu, oro pradeshathinum roopathil thudarcha illaayirunnu, ekkaaranathaal avaye "shilayugam" ennu vilikkunnu. munkaala jomon avashishtangalil kaanapedunna oru dwaaram thulacha valia mrugangalude pallukalude anukaranamaayi iva kanakkaakkappedunnu. iva saamyamullavayaanenkilum ettavum puthiya scholarship soochippikkunnathu eee aadyakaala jomoninu oru alankaara pravarthanamundaayirikkanum athumaayi yaathoru bandhavumillennum soochippikkunnu. jomon kaalaghattatthil poornnamaayum alankaarathil ninnu kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathode oru padaviyum aachaaraparamaaya pravartthanavum ullathilekku mariyathaayi thonnunnu. oru "middle jomon exchange network" nilavilundakaam, avayude nirmmaanathinulla vasthukkal eluppathil samriddhamaaya pradeshangalil uthppaadippikkappettu. innathe ittoigaava, nigatta ennividangalil sthithi cheiyunna munny nirmmaana gramangalil uthppaadippikkunna jaid, talk udaaharanagal vadakkan theerathum madhya parvathanirakalilum kaantoo mekhalayilum dhaaraalam sthalangalil kandethiyittundu.
puraavastu sittukal (jomon).
amori prefectureile sugaaruvile kamegaavoka saittil jomon kaalaghattatthile udaaharanagal dhaaraalam kandethiyittundu. jappaanile ettavum valia jomon vaasasthalamaanu kamegoka avashishtangal, koodaathe kandethiya mattu alankaara vasthukkalkoppam, vaasasthalathinte uyarnna saamoohika nilayude soochakamaayirikkaam.
camogoca vaasasthalavumaayi bandhapetta mattu sittukal, oofunaattoo ulkkadalinte vadakkupadinjaaran moolayilulla oboria shell kunnu ulppede, dhaaraalam muthukal, athupole thanne ayomori prefectureile haachinoheykkaduthulla korekawa saitt enniva uthppaadippichu. korekawa saittil ninnulla avashishtangal hachinoheyile korekawa archaeological myoosiyathil kaanam. amathakki saitt, ninohe, ivaat prefecture, osaagatta saitt, ibaraki prefecture, kau saitt, fujidera, osaaka prefecture ennividangalilum kallum kalimannum polulla muthukalum kandethiyittundu. oyishi saitt, bango-oonoo, oythaa prefecture, kyushu ennividangalile niravadhi aalukal alankaara aavasyangalkku pakaram aachaaraparamaaya aavasyangalkkaayi upayogikkunnathinte adayaalangal kaanikkunnu.
1992ll ayomori prefectureile ayomoriyil khananam cheytha sannaay-maruyama saittil moonnu valia jaid muthukal kandethi.
yayoi kaalaghattam.
 yayoi kaalaghattatthile (bisi 300-300 ce) kaalaghattangal jomon kaalaghattatthil ninnu shradheyamaayi vyathyasthamaan. eee kaalaghattatthil aabharanangal oru aadimavum nilavaaramillaathathumaaya roopathil ninnu kooduthal minukkiyathum ekeekrithavumaaya roopathilekku neengi. valia rathnakkallukalum poolish aabharanangalum murikkunnathinulla saankethikavidya yayoi kaalaghattatthil shradheyamaayi vikasichu. jaavedaitt, serpentanaitt, glass thudangiya shudheekaricha vasthukkal jomon kaalaghattatthile sankeernamallaatha vasthukkale maatti. yayoi kaalaghattam avayude vipareeta sii-aakruthiyilulla roopathinu perukettathaanu, eee kaalayalavinte avasaanathode ithu eathaandu chathuraakrithiyaayi maari. yayoi kaalaghattam muthal, aabharanangal oru charadil pidikkaan anuvadikkunna virasamaya oru dwaaram orupole avatharippikkunnu.
yayoi kaalaghattatthil prathyeka bhoomishaasthra kendrangalum vyapakamaaya vyapaaravum adayaalappeduthiyittundu. oro samsthaanangalaayi marria adhikara kendrangalude roopeekaranamaanu eee kaalaghattatthe adayaalappeduthunnathu. vardhichuvarunna nelvayalukalum malsyabandhana avakashangalum samrakshikkunnathinaayi eee kaalayalavil aayudhangalude vikasanam vardhichu. eee kaalayalavil vyapaaram valareyadhikam vardhichu, athupole chila vasthukkalude ulppaadanathinte prathyekathayum. ulppaadana mekhalakal avarude uthppannangal mattu uthppannangalumayi, prathyekichu ariyumaayi kaimaattam cheythu, ithu jappaaniludaneelam vyapakamaaya vitharanathilekku nayichu. kaithandayilo kanankaalilo dharikkunna neklesukalum bracelettukalum srishtikkaan saadhaaranayaayi iva upayogichirunnu. silindar aakruthiyilulla board-hold kashanagal upayogichu verthiricha jaadait upayogichaanu necklace saadhaaranayaayi nirmmichirikkunnathu. irunda-neela glassukalude cheria muthukalum neklesil asaadhaaranamalla. shikokuvinte theerapradeshangalil ninnum ulnaadan kadalil ninnum maram, venkalam ennivayil ninnumulla shellukalum eee bracelettil saadhaaranayaayi upayogichirunnu. eee kaalaghattatthil graamatthinteyum pinneedu ellaatharam praadeshika nethaakkaludeyum sthaanachihnangalaayi kannaadi, vaal, aabharanangal ennivayude upayogam yayoi kaalaghattatthil uyarnnuvannu, ithu kannaadi, vaal, jappan saamraajyathva rajabharanangal ennivayude uthbhavam choondikkaanikkunnu.
jappane paraamarsikkunna aadyakaala charitra rekhayaaya "moonnu raajyangalude rekhakal" yamathaayiyude purathana rajyamaaya vaa janathayeyum athinte raajnjiyaaya himico vivarikkunnu. record" soochippikkunnathu, hysico marichappol, avalude bandhu 13 vayassulla iyoye raajnjiyaakkukayum vadakkan veyu kottaarathinu adaranjali arppikkan yasuku enna saamraajyathva generalinte keezhil irupathu udyogastharude oru prathinidhi samghathe ayaykkukayum cheythu ennaanu. "prathinidhi samgham thalasthaanam sandarshikkukayum ayyayiram velutha rathnangalum rund kothiyeduttha jade athupole thanne varnnabhamaaya roopakalppanakalulla irupathu brokedukalum kottaarathinu samarppikkukayum cheythu."recordile" kothiyeduttha jaid rund jedinte kappam ennu vivarikkaam.
puraavastu sittukal (yayoi).
yoshinogari saittil valia thothilulla yayoi kaalaghattam avasheshikkunnu, saaga prefectureile yoshinogari, kansaki enniva yayoi kaalaghattatthile ledu glassinte udaaharanagal velippeduthi. 2003ll, narayile thavaaramottoyil oru valia yayoi kaalaghattatthile vaasasthalathinte khananathil rund valia jaid kandethi, onnu, randaamathethu neelam. jappanil innuvare kandethiyathil pathaamatthe valia udaaharanamaanu valia thavaramoto. saittil ninnulla rund jedukalum asaadhaaranamaamvidham uyarnna nilavaaramulla thilakkamulla pacha jaid aanu.
yayoi uthppaadanathinte ariyappedunna oru kendram osaakkayile tamatsukuri inari kshethrathilaayirunnu. aksharaarthatthil "aabharana nirmmaanam" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu, yayoi kaalaghattam muthal tamatsukuri-bay enna oru samghavum sajeevamaayirunnu. kshethrathil nilavilulla oru rathnathinu valia athmeeya shakthiyundenn parayappedunnu. thaaythoonukal, melkoora tailukal, vilakkukal ennivayulppede innathe kshethrathinte ellaatharam upakaranagalilum ithu kaanapedunnu. tamatsukuri inari kshethrathile oru upakshethrathinte kavaadatthile inari penn kurukkan oru necklace dharikkunnu. kshethrathinte charithratheyum uthppaadanatheyum kurichulla oru pradarshanamundu.
kofun kaalaghattam.
 kofun kaalaghattatthil (250-536 CE) ithu valare saadhaaranamaayitheernnu, eee kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathode mikkavarum ellah thumulikalum adangiyirunnu. aadyakaala kofun kaalaghattatthil, munkaalakhattangalilennapole jadaittil ninnaan nirmmichathu, ennaal kaalaghattatthinte madhyathode jasperil ninnaan nirmmichathu, aaa kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathode, ekadesham agettu, jaid enniva maathram. velliyo svarnnamo kondu pothinjathum eee kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathode prathyakshappedunnu. talk kondu nirmmicha valiyava, kooduthal vilayeriya vasthukkalaal nirmmicha cheriyavayude anukaranangal, shavakudeera charakkukalayi upayogichirunnu. eee kaalayalav muthal jappaaniludaneelamulla tumuli iva kaanapedunnu. avayude upayogam alankaaravasthukkalil ninnu vishudhavum aachaaraparavumaaya shavakudeeravasthukkalilekku mathramaayirunnu. graamboo maratthinte pookkal pole kaanapedunna likhithangalum charadinodu cherkkaan anuyojyamaaya oru dwaaravumundu. kofun kaalaghattatthilaanu iva aadyamaayi prathyakshappedunnathu. kofun kaalaghattatthilum, virasamaya silindarukalkkidayil niravadhi settukalulla neklesukalil prathyakshappedunnu. puraavastu avashishtangal samanamaaya kanankaal valakalkku thelivukal kaanikkunnundengilum avaa saadhaaranamalla. kofun kaalaghattatthile kaliman shavasamskara vasthukkal saadhaaranayaayi neklesukalum kanankaalinte valakalum dharicha aalukale chithreekarikkunnu.
puraavastu sittukal (kofun).
kofun kaalaghattatthile kallinte udaaharanagal prathyekichum niravadhiyaan. oosaakkayile kishivaadayile kaamegaavokkayil nadatthiya khananathil oru pradesavaasiye oru jaid, jasper, alabaastar necklace enniva upayogichu kuzhichittathaayum kaalukalkk sameepam sthaapichathaayum kandethi. shavasamskaarathodoppam chainayil ninnu irakkumathi cheytha oru venkala kannaadi sii. iii. 239-ll nirmmichathaanu. kishivada nagaratthinte oru charitraparamaaya sthalamaanu ithu. shimoda kisami-araida pradeshathu ninnulla shavasamskaarathil ninnulla aachaaraparamaaya vazhipaadukalil ninnu prathimakalaayi upayogicha kaliman punarnirmmanangalum shisuvoka velippeduthi. kyottoyile kyottaangoyil nadanna ubasinayude khananathil poornnamaayum kedukoodaattha rund jaid, agettu neklesukal kandethi, avayude neelatthil bhagangal undaayirunnu.
yamaatto samathalathile narayile katsuragiyile valia muro miama athinte khananathinu valare munbuthanne kollayadikkappettuvenkum mattu shavasamskara vasthukkalkoppam 600 talk aachaaraparamaaya vasthukkalum velippeduthi, athil 10 venkala hahn chainees kannaadikalum ulppedunnu. jappaanile moonnu ettavum valia charitraatheetha sittukalilonnaaya nagano sheojiriyude hyride avashishtangalil, eathenkilum praadeshika shakti kendratthil ninnu valare akale, saadhaarana kofun kaalaghattatthinte avashishtangal ulppedunnu, mathramalla aadhunika shinto aachaaraparamaaya parisheelanavumaayi bandhapetta vasthukkalum ulppedunnu. ennirunnaalum, hyridel mattu shavasamskara vasthukkalkkidayil lalithavum vipulavumaaya vasthukkal velippeduthunnu.
1949ll khananam cheytha naarayile sakuraiyile sakuraay, kofun kaalaghattatthinte avasana ghattathil ninnullathaanu, orupakshe saamraajyathva kudumbavumaayi bandhapetta oru bharanadhikaariyil ninnullathaanu. ithu uyaramullathum oru kuzhiyal chuttappettathinte thelivukalum kaanikkunnu. vaalukal, 10 kannaadikal, jadaitt necklace, agettu silindarukal, glass muthukal enniva ulppede uyarnna nilavaaramulla aayudangal, oru stail necklace nirmmikkaan upayogikkunna glass muthukal ennivayaayirunnu shavasamskara vasthukkalil valare valia ennam.
magathama roopangalude uthbhavam.
puraavastu gaveshakarkkum charitrakaaranmaarkkum roopangalude uthbhavam enthaanenno eee roopangal oru samyojitha srothassil ninnu kandethaan kazhiyumo enno vishadeekarikkaan ithuvare kazhinjittilla. thaazhepparayunnava ulppede niravadhi vishadeekaranangal nirddeshikkappettindu
japanese puraanatthil.
ettaam noottaandil poortthiyaakkiya aandu, niravadhi paraamarsangalundu. jappaanile puraanangale pradhaanamaayum vivarikkunna aadya adhyaayathil avaa kaanapedunnu. kadalinteyum kodunkaattinteyum devanaaya susanu, rathnanirmmaana devathayaaya tamanoya noow mikkottoyil ninno aame-noow-futodama-noow-mikkottoyil ninno anjooru labhichu. susanu svarggathil pooyi thante sahodariyaaya sooryadeviyaaya amatheraasuvin avaa samarppichu, avar avayude thudarchayaaya bhagangal kadichu mattu devathakale srishtikkaan avaye pottitherichu. tamanoya noow micoto kannadayudeyum camerakaludeyum daivamaayi thudarunnu. aithihyathil amatherasu pinneedu oru guhayil svayam adaykkunnu. guhayil ninnu amatheraasuvine vijayakaramaayi aakarshikkunnathinayi amaa-noow-koyane-noow-micoto mattu vasthukkalkoppam anjooru shaakhakalulla oru maratthil thookkiyidunnu. 58-ll, suinin chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu, oru naaya oru (badger) kollukayum verpeduthukayum cheythathaayum athinte vayattil oru naaya kandethiyathayum rekhakalundu. ithu suyinin sammaanichu, addeham ithu ippol thaamasikkunnathayi parayappedunna isonocami kshethrathil prathishtichu. chuyi chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu samanamaaya oru sambradaayam veendum vivarikkappedunnu. chuyi sukushi allengil kyushuvilekk oru parisodhanaa yaatra nadathukayum mattu vishudha vasthukkalkoppam thookkiyidunna oru valia maram sammanikkukayum cheythu.
yasakani maagathamayalla.
jappaanile moonnu saamraajyathva reejaaliyakalil onnaanu prasidhamaayathu. vaal, kannaadikal, aabharanangal enniva yayoi kaalaghattatthil thanne jappaanile praadeshika bharanaadhikaarikalkk pothuvaaya padaviyaayirunnu, kofun kaalaghattatthil avaa kooduthal vyaapakamaayirunnu, kofun tumuli sarvvyaapiyaaya saannidhyam kaanikkunnu. tokkiyo saamraajyathva kottaaratthile moonnu kottara sankethangalude kendrakshethramaaya darshanaalayathilaanu ithu sookshichirikkunnathu, ithu jappan chakravartthiyude simhaasanaarohana chadangil upayogikkunnu.
1928-ll daniel clarence holtom "japanese simhaasanaarohana chadangukalil; saamraajyathva raajabharanathinte vivaranathode" prasthaavichathu, athinte yadhaartha roopathil nilanilkkunna moonnu rajabharanangalil onnu maathramaan; randaam lokamahaayudhaananthara scholarship eee avakaashavaadathe pinthunaykkunnu. vaalinteyum kannadiyudeyum pakarppukal onpathaam noottaandil thanne nirmmikkappedukayum yadhaartha chithrangal mattu aaraadhanaalayangale ealppikkukayum cheythu.
reucuven mathathil upayogikkuka.
dii. sii. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil ryukyu raajyathile purohithanmaar (okinavaan) aachaaraparamaaya aavasyangalkkaayi neklesukal dharichirunnuvenkilum mattu vishadaamshangalonnum nalkunnillennu holtom prasthaavichu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
seldayude aithihyathil aakaashathekkulla vaalum seldayude aithihyavum raajyathinte kannuneer, umber avashishtangal, sandhyavasaana avashishtangal, rahasya kallukal ennivayellaam magathamaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
aise attorni parambarayil, oru magathama palappozhum athinte dharikkunnayaale aalukalude yadhaartha uddeshyangal nirnnayikkaan anuvadikkunna oru kazhivinte uravidamaayi udharikkappedunnu. 
bandhamillaattha vipananakkaaril, tuhou padhathiyude 18-aamathe instaalmentaaya misumaru tamatsukuri enna kathaapaathrathin magathama nirmmikkaan kazhiyum.