
nina boyil

oru britiish pathrapravartthakayum vanita vottavakaashathinum vanita avakashangalkkumulla prachaaranakkariyum jeevakaarunya pravartthakayum kshema pravartthakayum novalistumaayirunnu koonstans aantonina boyil (21 desember 1865-4 march 1943). brittanile vanita police udyogastharude thudakkakkaaril oraalaayirunnu avar. 1918 eprilil, house oof komansilekku naamanirddesham samarppicha aadya vanithayaayirunnu avar, ithu 1918 desemberile pothutheranjeduppil mattu vanita sthaanaarthikalkku vazhiyorukki.
kudumbam.
kentile bexleyilaanu nina boyil janichathu. rajakeeya peerankiyile captanum david boyil, loard boyil ennivarude ilaya makanumaaya pithaav roobert boyil (1830-1869) vazhi avar glassgoyude earlsinte pingamiyaayirunnu. avalude amma frances sidani fremolt sanky oru medical doctorude makalaayirunnu. nina boyil orikkalum vivaham kazhikkukayo kuttikalundaavukayo cheythilla.
jeevitam.
vanita swaathanthrya leag activism.
boyil dakshinaafrikkayil thaamasikkumbol avalude rund sahodaranmaar boyer yudhathil sevanamanushtichu. avar aafrikkayil ashupatri jolie cheyyukayum pathrapravartthakayaayi jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. dakshinaafrikkayil aayirikkumbol, sthreekalude avakaashangalodulla thaalparyam pinthudaraan thudangiya avar johannesburgile vanita enfranchisment leag sthaapichu. 1911-ll avar brittanilekku madangukayum dakshinaafrikkayile anubavangal kanakkileduthu victoria raajnjiyude makalaaya kristhyan raajakumaariyude neethrthwathilulla vidyaasambannaraaya sthreekalkkaayulla colonial intelligence leagil sajeevamaavukayum cheythu. nalla aupachaarika vidyaabhyaasam nediya sthreekale britiish pradeshangalil avaganikkappedaavunna avarude kazhivukal upayogikkaan sahayikkunnathinum avar veettilekku madangiyethiyathinusheshavum eee leag roopeekarichu.
samoohathil sthreekalude sthaanam engane mechappeduthaam ennathinekkurichu boylic samoolamaaya abhipraayangalundaayirunnu. charlot depard, terreza billington-grigg, edith hau-martin, maargarat nevinson ennivarulppede mattu prashastha vottarmaarkkoppam avar taamasiyaathe vanita freedam leegumaayi (doubluefl) bandhappettirunnu. boyil vegathil dablyu. eph. ellinte executive kammittiyilekku thiranjedukkappedukayum athinte pramukha prabhashakaril oralaayi maarukayum cheythu. 1912 aayappozhekkum avar athinte sekrattariyaayi. 1907ll roopeekaricha vanita saamoohika rashtreeya yooniyanil (dablyu. ezz. pii. yuu) ninnu verpirinja oru samghadanayaayirunnu dablyu. eph. ell. dablyu. ezz. piyuvil pankhurst kudumbatthinte vardhichuvarunna vyakthiparamaaya niyanthranavum dablyu. ezz. pii. yuu upayogikkunna akramasakthamaaya thanthrangalum kaaranam dablyu. ezz. pii. yuvil ninnu dablyu. eph. ell. verpirinju. dablyu. eph. ell sivil nissahakaranathinum parambaraagatha prachaaranatthinum munganana nalki.
1912ll boyil dablyu. eph. ellinte rashtreeya, theevravaada vakuppinte thalavanayi. dablyu. eph. ellinte pathramaya "dhaa vottu" ll niravadhi lekhanangal prasidheekarikkukayum edith whatsone oru prachaarana kodathi lekhakayaayi niyamikkukayum cheythukondu avar pathrapravarthanam thudarnnu. purusha aadipathyamulla niyamavyavasthayude aneethikalkkethire avalum whatson vaadichu. irakalaaya sthreekale vanita police paripaalikkendathundenn avar prathishedhichu. purushanmaar niranja oru muriyil sthreekalum penkuttikalum thelivukal nalkumennu pratheekshikkan kazhiyillennu kodathikal manassilakkanam. anyayamaaya pravartthanangal rekhappeduthithudangi vaatsan. samrakshitha laingikatha" enna thalakkettil avar kuttakrithyangal allengil balaalsangam, laingikaathikramam, avihitabandham enniva oru kolatthil rekhappeduthiyittundu. swathinu nashtamo kedupaadukalo sambhavichathin nalkia shikshayumaayi shikshaye thaarathamyam cheyyaan vaatsan moonnu varsham thudarnnu. 1913ll avar leeginaayi "dhii traaphik inn viman unchellaged phaakts aandu figezhs" enna pusthakam ezhuthi.
dablyu. eph. ellinte prachaaranagalilum prakadanangalilum boyil oru pradhana punk vahichu. niravadhi thavana avar arastilaavukayum moonnu thavana jayililadaykkappedukayum cheythu. 1913ll thadassam srishtichathinu arast cheyyappedukayum 14 divasathe thadavinu shikshikkappedukayum cheytha sesham taanum oru saha votermaarum jaililekku kondupokappetta vyavasthakalil avar prathishedhichu. avarude jayil vaanil ashleela paraamarshangalum aamgyangalum nadatthiya purushanmaar undaayirunnu. 1914ll yuddham pottippurappedunnathum vottavakaasha theevravaadam avasaanippikkunnathinumbu, boyalum whatson marlbero street majistrettu kodathiyil pooyi kooduthal theevravaada prathishedham nadatthi. kodathi kavaadangalil changalavechathinu arastilaayavaril oraalaayirunnu vaatsan.
onnaam lokamahaayudham.
poleesilum criminal neethinyaaya samvidaanathilum ulla anubhavathinte falamaayum thulya thozhilavasarangalekkurichu dablyu. eph. ell nayavumaayi poruthappedunnathaayum boyil sthreekalkku prathyeka konstabilukalaakaanulla oru pracharanam aarambhichu. 1914ll onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathum sthreekalum purushanmaarum ettedukkaan boyil aagrahicha yudhashramathinaayi sannadhapravarthakare kshanichathum eee prachaaranathodanubandhichu. abhyarthana audyogikamaayi nirasikkappettappol, boyil, dhanikanaya jeevakaarunya pravartthakanum vanita avakaashangalkkaayulla prachaaranakkaaranumaaya maargarat damer daasanumaayi chernnu aadyathe sannadha vanita police senayaaya vanita police sannadhapravarthakar (dablyu. pii. vii) sthaapichu. ennirunnaalum, 1915 februvariyil, grandhatthile oru sevana kendrathinu sameepam 'ayanja swabhaavamulla' sthreekalkku curfue earppeduthunnathinaayi dablyu. pii. vii upayogichathinethudarnna boyil samghadanayil ninnu pirinju.
1916 avasaanathode, boyil ashupatri dutyil macedoniayilekkum serbiayilekkum pooyi. baalkkanukalil mattu yuddha durithaashwaasa pravartthanangalum avar nadatthi, athinu avarkk samarittan oordar oof serbia sakhya medal labhichu. russian viplavathinushesham, avar saha vottar lilian lentaninoppam russiayil yaatra cheythu, ithu avare aajeevanantha communist virudhayaakkum.
kayley upathiranjeduppu.
1918 maarchil, yorksheyarinte padinjaaran ridingile keigliyude liberal empy, sarr swayar smith, upathiranjeduppinu kaaranamaayi marichu. 1918ll muppath vayassinu mukalilulla sthreekalkku vottu labhichittundenkilum sthreekalkku paarlamentil nilkkaan arhathayundo enna kaaryatthil chila samshayangalundaayirunnu. keyliyile dablyu. eph. ellinte sthaanaarthiyaayi nilkkanum nirasikkukayaanenkil, oru krithyamaaya vidhikkaayi vishayam kodathikalilekku kondupokaanumulla thante uddeshyam boyil ariyichu. kurachu niyamaparamaaya parigananaykk sesham, avarude naamanirddesham sweekarikkaan thaan thayyaaraanenn retaining officer prasthaavichu, angane vanita sthaanaarthikalkku oru pradhana maathruka sthaapichu. ennirunnaalum, mattu kaaranangalal addeham avarude naamanirddesha pathrikakal asaadhuvaayi vidhichu avarude naamanirddesha pathrikayil oppittavaril oraal vottar pattikayil illaayirunnu, matoraal niyojakamandalathinu purathaanu thaamasichirunnathu. athinaal, baalat pepparil boyil prathyakshappettilleng, sthreekalude vottavakashathinulla dhaarmika vijayam avar avakashappettu. vishayam pariganikkaan niyamaprabhukkanmaarodu aavasyappedukayum 1832 leeii mahathaaya parishkarana niyamam sthreekale paarlamentari sthaanaarthikalaayi nilkkunnathil ninnu prathyekamaayi vilakkiyathayi nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu. varsham aadyam pasakia janapraathinidhya niyamam athinu mattamundaakkiyilla.
1918 desemberile pothutheranjeduppil sthreekalkku nilkkaan kazhiyunnathinayi paarlament (sthreekalude yogyatha) niyamam 1918 paarlament thidukkathil pasaki. eee niyamam 27 pravartthana padangal mathramaayirunnu "oru sthriye lingabhedam kondo vivaahathiloodeyo ayogyayaakkaan paadilla, paarlamentinte pothusabhayil amgamaayi thiranjedukkappedunnathi irikkunnathino vottucheyyunnathino", ithu ettavum cheria yuke niyamamaan.
yudhaananthara kaalam.
1918 nuu sesham niravadhi pradhana vanita samghadanakalil boyil sajeevamaayi thudarnnu. vanita adhyaapakarude deseeya union, vanita thiranjeduppu samiti, ooppan doorr kaunsil (sthreekalude thozhil avasarangal niyanthrikkunna samrakshana thadassangal neekkam cheyyaan lakshyamittath), vikaswara raajyangalile sthreekaludeyum kuttikaludeyum kshemavumaayi bandhapetta samghadanakal ennivaykku vendi avar pracharanam nadathukayo yogangale abhisambodhana cheiyukayo cheythu. save dhii childrance fundle (ezz. sii. eph) avar prathyekichum sajeevamaayirunnu, 1921-ll avar oru ezz. sii. eph kshaama durithaashwaasa paripaadiyil pravartthikkaan yuu. ezz. ezz. aaril pooyi. laingika adimatham, veshyaavrithiykkaayi sthreekale kadathuka thudangiya vishayangal uyarthaan avar ezz. sii. ephile thante sthaanam upayogichu. oru ezz. sii. eph prathinidhiyenna nilayil avar niravadhi prasamgangal nadathukayum ezz. sii. eph prasidheekaranangalkkaayi pathivayi lekhanangalum "adimatham enthaanu?" enna pusthakavum ezhuthukayum cheythu. sthreekalkkulla oru appeel, "1931-ll croydonil echu aarr grub prasidheekarichu. veshyakale chooshanam cheiyunnathinum avarude shemathinum ethire pracharanam nadatthiya samghadanayaaya association phoor moral aandu soshyal haijeeninte pravartthanatheyum avar pinthunachu.
yudhathinum sthreekalude rashtreeya avakashangal nediyathinum sesham, boyil, pala muun-safragettukaleyum pole raashtreeyamaayi valathupakshathekku thirinju, ennirunnaalum britiish union oof faasisttukalil amgamaaya avalude muun associate merii aalante athe paridhiyil aayirunnilla. 1921ll jerman virudha, kudiyetta virudha britiish saamrajya union (byoo) yogathil samsaaricha boyil aaa varshavasaanam maargarat lloyd jorjumaayi oru koodikkaazhcha pankittu. 1921 august 25nuu nadanna westminstarile abbe divishanilekkulla upathiranjeduppil vijayikalaaya yaadhaasthithika sthaanaarthiyaaya joonn sanctuary nicholsone anukoolichu avar samsaarichu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, germmaniyude vighadippikkunnathinum axis rajyangalil janicha ellah vyakthikaleyum brittanil ninnu purathaakkunnathinum vendi pracharanam nadatthiya beauvinu samanamaaya oru samghadanayaaya never rean associationil avar sajeevamaayirunnu.
maranavum paarambaryavum.
1943 march 4nuu landanile 99 cromwell roadile oru nazhsing homil 77-aamm vayassil boyil marichu. march 9nuu goldezhs greenil avale samskarichu.
avarude maranashesham kurachu varshathekku, bedford koleju sthreekalude sthaanavum pravartthanavumaayi bandhapetta oru vishayathekkurichulla mikacha lekhanathinu nina boyil memorial sammanam vaagdaanam cheythu. lunden sarvakalaashaalayile (bedford kolejumaayi layippicha) royal holoveyaanu ippol charithratthilo saamoohika naya vakuppukalilo ulla oru vidyaarthikku ithu vaagdaanam cheiyunnathu.
novalukalude pattika.
pathrapravartthanavum prachaaranavumayi bandhapetta prasidheekaranangalkku purame, boyil kooduthalum saahasika novalukalo nigooda novalukalo ezhuthiyittundu. niroopaka prashamsa nediyillengilum, palathum shakthavum kazhivullathumaaya sthree kathaapaathrangale avatharippikkukayum thudarnnulla prasidheekaranathinu arhata nedunnathra janapriyamaakukayum cheythu.