
madhya bhoomiyil idiyukayum veezhukayum cheyyuka

jeey. aarr. aarr. tolkeen madhya bhoomiyil "silmaarilyan", "valayangalude prabhu" enningane oru prakriya nirmmichu.
srashtaavu nalkia prakasham pilaruka, iluvathaar pottitherikkuka, kramena cheria bhagangalaayi pottitherikkuka, bhaashakaludeyum aalukaludeyum, prathyekichu pala grouppukalaayi vibhajikkapetta pishaachukkaludeyum vighadanam, thudarchayaaya veezhcha, maalaakhamaarude aathmaav melcoril ninnu aarambhich, thudarnnu madhya bhoomiyile rund vilakkukal nasippikkukayum thudarnnu vaalinorinte rund marangal, nyoomenorinte vinashakaramaaya veezhcha enniva ulppede niravadhi vazhikalilaanu eee paatten prakadippikkunnathu.
valayangalude yajamanan" muzhuvanum norse puraanangalude asannamaaya naashatthinte bodham pankidunnu, avide daivangal polum nasikkum. dark loard soron paraajayappettekkam, pakshe athil pishaachukkalude mangalum purappadum ulppedum, lokam manushyarkk vittukodukkum, vyavasaayavalkkarikkanum malinamakkaanum, athramaathram tolkian khedam prakadippichaalum.
deor polulla pazhaya engleesh kavithakalude jeevacharitravum classical greak, roman saahithyathile thakarchayude vivaranangalum, prathyekichu nomenarumaayi tolkeen vyakthamaayi bandhippicha plaattoyude atlaantis kathayum tolkeene swaadheenichathaayi pandithanmaar prasthaavichittundu. ellah aadhunika bhaashakalum ekeekritha ardhangalulla oru purathana bhashayil ninnulla vighadanathiloode uruthirinjuvenna addehathinte saha-kannadacha ooven baarfeeldinte sidhaanthavum tolkiane swaadheenichu. ithil ninnu tolkeen janangalude vibhajanam anumaanichu. oru kristhyaaniyenna nilayil, thikanja srishtikkappetta oru lokathil ninnu manushyante baibil pathanavum addeham manassil sookshichu; ithum madhyabhoomiyude charithratthil prathifalikkunnu. aavarthichulla punarnirmmaanangaliloode srishtikkappetta prakasham pilarunnathil eee idivu prathyekichum kaanikkunnu.
pashchaathalam.
tolkeen.
jeey. aarr. aarr. tolkian oru anaathanaayirunnu, addehathinu moonnu vayassullappol pithaav marichu, panthrand vayassullappol amma oru roman katholikkayayirunnu. pinneedu addeham valarnnathu oru catholica purohithanaaya pithaav francis saviour morgante melnottathilaanu. thaan snehichirunna engleesh graamapradesangalil valarunna nagaram yuva tolkian nireekshichu. jeevithathiludaneelam addeham oru bhakthanaya katholikkanaayi thudarnnu, niravadhi kristhyan prameyangal addehathinte madhya-bhouma rachanakalil drishyamaanu. ooksfoordil aayirikkumbol, sii. yumayi addeham inclingukalude anoupachaarika saahitya vrithathil chernnu. ezz. levis, ooven barfield enniva ulppedunnu.
saadhyathayulla uravidangal.
pazhaya engleesh kavithayaya "deor" tolkkiyanil aazhathilulla swaadheenam cheluthiyittundennum athinte prayogam addehathinte rachanayude kendramaayitheernnathaayum madhyakaalakhattakaaranaaya toom shippy abhipraayappedunnu. tolkian kavithayude nirasikkal vivarthanam cheythu, "thess oof eriod, thiss ssw megue!"," kaalam kadannupoyathinaal, ithum kadannupoyekkaam ".
purathana greasileyum romileyum saahithyathil "thakarchayude vivaranagal" saadhaaranamaanennu classical pandithanaaya giuseppe pesini ezhuthunnu. daivangal manushyarude jeevithathil ninnu kooduthal akannupoyathinaal ithu samshayathilum andhathayilum kaanapedunnu. aadyakaalakhattathil "santhoshavum prakashavum niranja" ardayude thakarcha athinte "sandhya" moonnaamkaalaghattathilekku classical prameyathe prathidhwanikkunnathaayi pesini kaanunnu. kooduthal vyakthamaayi paranjaal, atlaantisinte "shayikkunna mahathvam" muthal ethansinte humdrum life vareyulla "krishyas" kurayunnathinte plaattoyude katha, tolkeente newmenerumaayi "vyakthamayum aduppathodeyum" bandhappettirikkunnu, kaaranam tolkeen yadhaarthathil thante kathukalil "neumener-atlaantis" nekkurichu ezhuthiyirunnu.
chitharikkidakkunna prakasham.
tolkian pandithayaya verlin fleiger thante 'splinted laitt' enna pusthakatthil, thudarchayaaya duranthangaliloode srishtikkappetta aadyathe prakaashatthinte purogamanaparamaaya pilarpp, kaalakramena cheruthum cheruthumaaya pilarppukal avasheshippikkunnathaayi vivarichittundu. churukkatthil, srashtaavu uthbhavikkunnu iluvathaar prapanchatthe roopappeduthunnu, athaayath, ennamatta nakshathrangalumayi; iva bhoomiye prakashippikkunnu, athaayath, srishtikkappedumbol.
malayora paarathoonukalude mukalil iluyin, oormal ennee rund valia vilakkukalaal prakaashippichukondu ardayude madhyathilaanu waller enna maalaakhamaar vasikkunnath. veena vaala melcore vilakkukal nashippikkumbol "vilakkukalude varshangal" pettennu avasaanikkunnu; sakthamaaya agni prakasham chitharukayum athinu chuttumullathellam nasippikkukayum cheiyunnu. puthiya samudrangalum punarroopakalppana cheytha bhookhandangalum upayogichu lokam punarnirmmikkappedunnu, inii samamithiyalla; valar madhya-bhoomiye valinorinaayi vidunnu.
sasyangalude devathayaaya vaala yavana, velliyile telperian, swarnna lorilyn ennee rund marangalude roopathil prakasham punarnirmikkaan paramavadhi shramikkunnu; avaa marimari thilangukayum mangukayum cheiyunnu, ovarlaappu cheyth "prabhatham", "sandhya" ennee kaalaghattangal srishtikkunnu. marangalude varshangalude" prakasham vilakkukalekkaal mriduvaayathaanu, valiner maathram prakashippikkunnu madhya bhoomi iruttilaanu. rund marangalum prakaashatthinte thullikal puranthallunnu, athu vaala varda (elves elbereth ennu vilikkunnu) vaalsil pidikkunnu; aval madhya bhoomiyile elvsinu kurachu prakasham nalkunnathinu thilangunna puthiya velli nakshathrangale roopappeduthaan telperiyanil ninnulla manjine upayogikkunnu.
pilarpp thudarunnu. aadyakaalakhattathil, ellah elven-smittukalil ettavum vaidagdhyamulla fenore, thante ettavum mikacha srishtiyaaya moonnu silmarilukal, rund marangalude prakasham adangiya vyaja aabharanangal nirmmikkunnu. melcore madangiyethumbol, silmarilukalude nirmmaanam samayabandhithamaan, ithu rund marangaleyum vizhungaanum avayude ellah prakashavum iruttilekku agiranam cheyyaanum athrupthamaaya bheeman chilanthiye konduvarunnu. ivayil avasheshikkunna oreyoru yadhaartha prakasham adangiyirikkunnu, athu angoliyant vishaamsham undakkunnilla.
yavana nineyna chandranayi maarunna telperiyante avasana pushpatheyum sooryanaayi maarunna loralinte avasana phalatheyum samrakshikkaan kazhiyunnu. athmaavinaal nayikkappedunna eee prakasha splintarukal aakasham kadakkaan kappalukalayi roopappedunnu.
kventa silmaarilyan" ll vivarichirikkunnathu, vinashakaramaaya yudhangalilaanu silmaarilukal pooraadunnathu. oduvil ellaam nashtappedunnu oraal kadalil athunnu, oraal bhoomiyil kuzhichumoodunnu, oraale aakaashathekku ayaykkunnu elberathinte krupayaal, athu naavikan vahikkunnu, thante kappal aakaashathin kuruke ennekkum sanjarikkunnu, ravileyum vaikunneravum nakshathramaayi (shukra graham) prathyakshappedunnu. prakasham ippozhum drishyamaanengilum ippol madhya bhoomiyilekku athicheraan kazhiyilla.
neumenor dweep raajyathin athinte jeevanulla chihnamaayi nimloth, velutha maram, telperian polulla mattoru maratthinte thaikal undu, ennirunnaalum athu thilangunnilla. numenarile aalukal abhimaanikkukayum ekadevane aaraadhikkunnath avasanippikkukayum iluvaathar pottippurappedukayum vaalarinethire kalapam nadathukayum cheiyunnu. velutha maram murichu kathikkunnu. lokathe vrithaakruthiyilaakkunna uluvaatharine valar vilikkunnu. neumenor dweep mungimarichu, athinte bhooribhaagam aalukalum, tolkeen uddeshichathupole atlaantis mungimarichathum manushyante pathanathekkurichum sodominteyum gomora naashathekkurichum baibil kathakal oormmikkunnu. isildur nimblothinte oru phalam madhyabhoomiyilekku konduvarunnu; athu gondarinte velutha maramaayi valarunnu.
oduvil splintarukal galadriyalinte phiyal pole cheruthaayi maarunnu, athu avalude jaladharayil ninnu shekharicha prakasham kondu nirachu, athu erandil nakshathratthinte prakasham refract cheythu. mordorilekkulla vazhiyil mordorine nasippikkunnathinaayi, angoliyantsinte pingamiyaaya bheeman chilanthi shelbobine paraajayappeduthaan fiol frodo samine prapthamaakkunnu. madhya bhoomiyil melcorinte sheshikkunna sevakanaaya soroninte shakti mothirathil adangiyirikkunnu.
angane prakasham "silmaarilyanil" oru ikyamaayi aarambikkukayum, srishtiyude pilarppinu anusrithamaayi puraanam purogamikkumbol kooduthal kooduthal sakalangalaayi vibhajikkappedukayum cheiyunnu. oro ghattathilum, vighadippikkal vardhikkukayum shakti kurayukayum cheiyunnu, ithu madhya-bhoomiyude thakarchayeyum veezhchayeyum prathifalippikkunnu.
bhaashakaludeyum janangaludeyum vibhajanam.
1928-leeii thante "kaavyathmaka nighandu" enna pusthakatthil vivarichirikkunna bhaashayude oru sidhaantham inkling ooven barfieldinu undaayirunnu, athu tolkian thaalpparyamullathaayirunnu. vaasthavathil, sii. ezz. luis, baarfeeldinte sidhaantham tolkkiyante muzhuvan kazhchappadineyum maatti. rudolph steynarude naravamshashaasthravumaayi bandhapetta kendra ashayam, oru purathana bhashayil orikkal oru ekeekritha ardhangalundaayirunnu, aadhunika bhashakal ithil ninnu uruthirinjathu ardhathinte vighadanathiloodeyaanu. bhaashayude vighadippikkal, janangalude, prathyekichu pishaachukkalude, keezhadakkal soochippikkunnathinaayi tolkian sweekarichu. norse puranangalil ninnu addeham vibhajanathe prakashavum irundathumaaya pishaachukkalaayi eduthuvenkilum, aavarthichulla vibhajanam, kudiyettam, bandhukkal thammilulla yudhangal ennivayude sankeernamaaya oru maathruka aavishkarichu, prathyekichu pishaachukkalude keezhadakkalil ithu kaanapedunnu.
thudarchayaaya veezhchakal.
manushyante baibil pathanam aarambhikkunnath oru thikanja srishtikkappetta lokathil ninnaan; oru maalaakha ahankaarathaal pralobhippikkappedukayum veezhukayum oru sakthamaaya dushtaatmaavaayi maarukayum cheiyunnu; athu veezhunna manushyare pralobhippikkunnu; avarkk orikkalum veendum praveshikkaan kazhiyaatha parudeesathottatthil ninnu purathaakkappedunnu, saadhaarana lokath avarude jeevithathinaayi pravartthikkanam. eee paatten madhya bhoomiyil prathifalikkunnu. srashtaavu, iluvathaar pottippurappedunnu, aadyathe samgeetham aalapikkunnu; maalaakhamaarude aathmaavukaliloraalaya melcore, abhimaanikkukayum veezhukayum cheiyunnu, vairudhyathil paadukayum srishtikkappettathellaam nasippikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee aadya veezhcha vilakkukal nasippikkunnathum pinneedu rund marangal, thudarnnu silmarilukalkkethiraya yudhangal ennivayulppede niravadhi duranthangalilekku nayikkunnu. manushyante baibil pathanatthinte prathiphalanangal inulindaale, alkwalondeyile kinslaying, nyoomenarinte pathanam ennivayil kaanaan kazhiyumennu tolkian abhiprayappettu.
eee maathruka aazhathilulla athmeeya niraashaavaadatthe prathinidheekarikkunnu. oru katholikkanenna nilayil, tolkian manushyante pathanatthilum kristhyaanikalude veendedukkalilum vishwasichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, kristhuvinu munbulla purajaatheeyarkk eee veendedukkal labhyamaakukayo labhyamakaathirikkukayo cheythekkaam, avar aragonineppole vyakthamaayi sadgunashaalikalaayirunnavi. thaan oru vidagdhanaayirunna norse puraanavumayi tolkian thante nirashaavaada veekshanam pankittu. aaa puranangalil onnaanu ragnarok, athil norse devanmaraya aseer bhimanmaral paraajayappedukayum lokam mungukayum cheiyunnu. atharamoru vishaadakaramaaya chithrathodulla dheeramaaya norse prathikaranam dhikkaramennum, "mothirangalude yajamanan" enna nilayil sthiramaaya oru nalla ullaasamaayi prathyakshappedunna oru purajaatheeya vadakkan dairyamaanennum, thudarnnupokaanum punchirikkanumulla sannadhathayaanennum shippy ezhuthunnu.
oru saangalppika pree histtari mangunnu.
tolkian pandithanaaya marjori "mothirangalude prabhuvil" "anivaryamaaya vighadanam" enna bodham nordic loka veekshanathil ninnu kadameduthathaanennu "puraanatthil" kurippukal kathikkunnu, athu "asannamaayatho bheeshanippeduthunnatho aaya naashathinu" oonnal nalkunnu. norse puranangalil, eee prakriya srishti samayat aarambhichathayi thonnunnuvennu avar ezhuthunnu theeyude mekhalayil, muspel, jottan surt appozhum lokaavasaanathinaayi kaathirikkukayaayirunnu. daivangalkku polum marikkaan kazhiyunna oru puraanamaanith, ellaam avasaanikkunnu, [thinma] soron poyekkaam, pishaachukkalum mangum enna avabodhathode jeevithachakrangalekkurich vaayanakkaaran vyakthamaaya bodham nalkunnu."
mithlore" enna kruthiyilum patris haanon parayunnu
haanante kazhchappadil, kaalakramena soundaryavum santhoshavum paraajayappedukayum thinmayude shakthikalude aakramanathinu munbu aprathyakshamaakukayum cheiyunnuvennu kaanikkanaanu tolkian uddeshichathu; vijayam saadhyamaan, pakshe thaalkkaalikam maathramaan. hobittanil orikkalum bilbo kaanaatha, lothlorianode "jeevichirikkunna manushyanaayi orikkalum vannilla", allengil shavasamskara boatil anduin vahicha boromir ", raavile velutha gopuratthil nilkkumbol minus thiritthil veendum kaanapettilla" thudangiya manoharamaaya nimishangalude onniladhikam udaaharanagal avar pusthakatthil nalkunnu. thaan marichathinaal, ithu athishayakaramalla; nireekshanam vivaranaathmakamalla, aahlaadakaramaan, haanan ezhuthunnu. avasana appendixinte avasana variyil polum eee swaramunda "aadhipathyam valarekkalam munbu kadannupoyi, [pishachukkal] ippol lokavrithangalkkappurathu vasikkunnu, thirichuvarilla."
thaan oru vidagdhanaayirunna pazhaya engleesh kavithayaya" beovulfine "tolkian prashamsichathumaayi", "athe falamullah enthengilum srishtikkaan thaan shramikkukayaanennu soochippikkunna", "ennathil, eee sadassinu thudarchayaayi nalkunna oonnalumaayi hannon thaarathamyam cheiyunnu
"valayangalude yajamanan" avasaanikkunnath madhyabhoomiyile ellah manushyarallaatha janangaludeyum aprathyakshamaakunnathilo aprathyakshamaakunnathilo aanu-entsinu entwifeukalilla, athupole kuttikalumilla; kullanmaar kuravaanu, chitharikkidakkunna otappetta koottangalil thaamasikkunnu; moraanon yudhathe athijeevicha bheemakaaramaaya oorkkukalum trollukalum chitharikkidakkunnu; avasaanathe pishachukkal ettavum padinjaarulla vaalinorilekku sanjarichu, madhya-bhoomi ennennekkumaayi upekshichu; hobittukal kuravaanu, eluppathil avaganikkappedaam; gondarile purushanmaarkk elvish raktham puthukkunnu, avasaanamaayi orikkal, avarude rajaavaaya aragonumaayulla aarvente vivaahathiloode. shairinte thirayal" enna pusthakatthil addeham vivarichathupole, bhootakaala mahathvangalil ninnu innathe lokathekku mangikkondirikkunna manushyarude oru lokam maathramaan avasheshikkunnath, eee grahatthinte vyavasayavalkkaranavum malineekaranavum kondu poornnamaayum shamikkappedukayum athinodu kadutha amarshavum khedavum prakadippikkukayum cheythu.

