
republic oof irelandinte charithram

1919ll 32 kaundi airish republicayi airish samsthaanam nilavil vannu. 1922ll anglo-airish udambadi prakaram grettu brittan, ireland ennee raajyangalude yunaittad kingdatthil ninnu verpirinja sesham athu airish swatantra raashtramaayi maari. yooniyanvaadikalude niyanthranatthilulla 6 kaundikalulla 26 kaundikal ulppetta ithu 1921-ll vadakkan irelandaayi maari. 1937-leeii bharanaghadana 26 samsthaanangale 'ireland' ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. 1949ll republic oof ireland act 1948 prakaram 26 kaundikal maathramaan oru republicayi maariyath, ithu britiish komanveltthile athinte amgathvathinte kuravu theerchayaayum avasaanippichu. 1973ll republic oof ireland europian kammyoonittikalil (iii. sii) amgaraajyamaayi chernnu, athu pinneedu europian union (iii. yuu) aayi maari.
athinte aditharayil, airish swatantra raashtram udambadiye pinthunaykkunna desheeyavaadikalum nilavilulla republicine pinthunacha athiraalikalum thammilulla aabhyanthara yudhathil earppettu. karar anukoola paksham, kuman naa nagedeel enna peril samghadippikkappettu, samgharshathil ninnu vijayikkukayum thudarnnulla thiranjeduppukalil vijayikkukayum cheythu. 1932ll avar samsthaana sarkkar roopeekarikkukayum, oru thiranjeduppil avare paraajayappedutthiya vivaahanishchayathile karar virudha vibhaagathin samadhaanam niranja adikaaram kaimarukayum cheythu. airish raashtram, athinte akramasakthamaaya thudakkam undaayirunnittum, athinte nilanilppiludaneelam oru udara janaadhipathyamaayi thudarunnu. 1930kalile mattangal udambadi prakaram sthaapithamaaya brittanumaayulla pala bandhangalum neekkam cheyyukayum randaam lokamahaayudhathil irelandinte nishpakshatha brittanil ninnulla videsanaya kaaryangalil athinte swaathanthryam prakadippikkukayum cheythu. 
saambathika mekhalayil airish samsthaanam sammishra prakadanamaanu kaazhchavechathu. swaathanthryam labhichappol, janasamkhyayude oru thalaykku europile ettavum sambannamaaya raajyangalilonnaayirunnu ithu. ennirunnaalum thozhilillaayma, kudiyettam, asamamaya bhoomishaasthraparamaaya vikasanam, thaddesheeya vyavasaya aditharayude abhavam thudangiya prasnangal britiish bharanathil ninnu paarambaryamaayi labhichu. charithratthinte bhooribhaagavum eee prasnangal pariharikkan samsthaanam paadupettu. 1930, 1950, 1980 ennee varshangalil airish sambadvyavastha cheria valarcha rekhappeduthiyappol kudiyettatthinte prathyeka kodumudikal rekhappeduthappettu.
1930kalil fianna failinte sarkkarukal subsidy samrakshana thaarifukalum upayogichu airish aabhyanthara vyavasaayangal srishtikkaan shramichu. 1950kalude avasaanathil, thiranjeduttha rajyangalumaayulla swatantra vyaapaarathinum kuranja nikuthikalulla videsha nikshepathe prolsaahippikkunnathum anukoolamaayi eee nayangal upekshichu. 1973ll ireland europian saambathika samoohathil praveshichappol ithu vipuleekarikkappettu. 1990kalilum 2000kalilum ireland celtic tiger ennariyappedunna saambathika kuthichuchaattam anubhavichu, athil raajyathinte gdpyude alavu athinte europian ayalraajyangale marikadannu. kudiyettavum kudiyettatthe marikadannu samsthaanathe janasamkhya 4 dashalakshathiladhikam uyarthi. ennirunnaalum, 2008 muthal, banking mekhalayilum paramadhikaara kadathilum ireland kadutha prathisandhi nerittu. thathfalamaayundaaya saambathika maandyam 2012 vare irelandil loka maandyathinte swaadheenam aazhathilakki. 2012 muthal thozhilillaayma nirakkum sambadvyavasthayum covid ozhike valarnnu. aagola aalohari gdp pattikayil airish imfinte 186-aamm rankingle naalam sthaanathum locabank rankingle 187-aamm sthaanathumaanu.
1937 muthal 1998 vare airish bharanaghadanayil vadakkan irelandine deseeya pradeshatthinte bhaagamaayi oru abhedyamaaya avakaashavaadam ulppeduthi. ennirunnaalum, irelandine balamaayi onnippikkaan shramicha sayudha grouppukalkkethire-pradhaanamaayum thaalkkaalika airish republican aarmikkethire-samsthaanam athinte suraksha senaye ethirkkukayum upayogikkukayum cheythu. 1950kalilum 1970kalilum 1980kalilum ithu sambhavichu, kuranja thothil ithu thudarunnu. athesamayam, 1968 muthal 1990kalude avasaanam vare vadakkan irelandile prasnangal ennariyappedunna samgharshathinu oru karar undakkaan airish sarkkarukal shramichu. 1985leeii anglo-airish karaaril vadakkan charchakalil oru kakshi aakanulla airish sarkkaarinte avakaashathe britiish sarkkar audyogikamaayi amgeekarichu. 1998ll good frieday karaarinte bhaagamaayi, vadakkan ayarlandilekkulla praadeshika avakaashavaadam neekkam cheiyunnathinum pakaram dveepile ellah janangalkkum airish pourathvam nalkunnathinum vendi airish bharanaghadanayil hitaparisodhanayiloode maattam varuthi.
swaathanthryathinte pashchaathalam.
vighadanavaadam, kalapam, vibhajanam.
1801ll union muthal 1922 desember 6 vare ireland muzhuvan grettu brittan, ireland ennivayude yunaittad kingdatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1880kall muthal svayambharanathino aabhyantharabharanathino vendi deerghakaalamaayi deseeya prasthaanam nadannirunnu. airish republican saahodaryam polulla mattu, kooduthal samoolamaaya shabdangal swaathanthryathinaayi ahvaanam cheythuvenkilum avaa nyoonapakshamaayirunnu.
1912-1913 ll, brittanile liberal sarkkar aabhyanthara bharanathinaayi oru bill nirddeshichu. paribhrantharaaya vadakku unionistukal, swamedhayaa aabhyantharabharanathe cherukkaan nirddeshikkunna sayudha milishyaya alsttar sannadhapravarthakare samghadippichu. ithinu marupadiyaayi desheeyavaadikal airish sannadhapravarthakare sthaapichu. eee nilapaadil ninnu udaledutha ireland vibhajanam airish paarlamentari party, unionist party, britiish sarkkar enniva thammilulla moonnu vazhikalulla charchakalilaanu nirddeshikkappettathu. 1914ll yuke paarlament moonnaamathe airish hoome ruul bill paasaakkiyenkilum onnaam lokamahaayudham vare athinte praabalyam thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivachu.
desheeyavaadi nethaavu joonn redmund britiish yudhashramathinu pinthuna vaagdaanam cheyyukayum niravadhi irishmaar britiish sainyathil sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu (ireland onnaam lokamahaayudhavum kaanuka), ennaal yudhavum aabhyantharabharanathekkurichallu deseeya abhilaashangalude nirashayum airish desheeyathayude samoolavalkkaranathilekku nayichu. 1916-ll airish sannadhapravarthakarkkula oru koottam airb pravartthakar dablinil airish swaathanthryathe lakshyamitulla oru kalaapathin neethrthwam nalki, ithu eesttar rising ennariyappedunnu. kalaapathin janakeeya pinthuna labhikkathe oraazhchaykkullil athu adichamarthappettu, pakshe athinte nethaakkalude vadhavum thudarnnulla theevra deseeyavaada pravartthakarude mothatthilulla arasttum deseeyavaada pothujanangalil valare janapreeti nediyilla. uyarchaykku thottupinnaale, airish kanvenshanil aabhyanthara bharanathekkurichulla prathisandhi pariharikkan kooduthal sramam nadathiyenkilum vijayichilla. oduvil, yudhathinaayi irelandilekku nirbandhitha sainikasevanam vyaapippikkanulla britiish nirddesham vyapakamaaya cheruthunilppinu kaaranamavukayum (1918 leeii nirbandhitha sainikasevanam sambandhicha prathisandhi kaanuka) britiish yudhashramathe pinthunacha airish paarlamentari party apakeerthippeduthukayum cheythu.
eee gadakangalellaam siin faininu pinthunayulla oru oorjjaswalathayilekku nayichu-eesttar raisingile vettaranmaarude neethrthwathilulla party oru swatantra airish republicinaayi nilakondu. 1918leeii airish pothutheranjeduppil siin fenn bhooribhaagam seettukalum nedi, avayil palathum athirillaathe vijayichu. siin feninte thiranjedukkappetta sthaanaarthikal westminstarile yuke paarlamentil pankedukkaan visammathikkukayum pakaram "dayle airaan" enna peril oru puthiya viplava paarlamentaayi dablinil othucherukayum cheythu. avar "airish republic" enna peril oru puthiya samsthaanathinte asthithvam prakhyapikkukayum yunaittad kingdatthile sthaapanangalodu malsarikkunnathinu oru sarkkar samvidaanam sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
airish swaathanthryasamarathinte thudakkamaayi ippol kanakkaakkappedunna tipparariyil rund dhanikare anadhikrithamaayi vedivachukonna samayathaan deyilinte aadya koodikkaazhcha nadannathu. 1919 muthal 1921 vare airish sannadhapravarthakar (ippol airish republican armi ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu, puthiya airish republicinte sainyamaayi dayle kanakkakkunnu) britiish sainyathinum black, tans, aaksilarikal ennariyappedunna sambanna, ardhasainika police unitukalkkumethire garilla yudhathil earppettu. 1919ll 19 maranangal maathram sambhavicha akramam pathukke aarambhichuvenkilum 1920nte randaam pakuthiyil ninnu kuthane vardhikkukayum 1921nte aadya aarumaasangalil maathram ellah bhaagathum 1,000 maranangal sambhavikkukayum cheythu. republican prasthaanatthinte pradhana rashtreeya nethaavu republicinte presidentaaya emon dii valerayayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, airish lakshyathinaayi panavum pinthunayum swaroopikkunnathinaayi addeham samgharshathinte bhooribhaagavum amerikkayil chelavazhichu. addehathinte abhaavathil, maikkal collins, richard mulkahi ennee rund yuvakkal aii. aarr. eiii. yude rahasya nethaakkalaayi-yathaakramam intelligence director garilla oorganaiseshante cheef oof staafumaayi-praamukyam nedi.
samgharsham avasanippikkunnathinulla charchakal nadathaanulla niravadhi sramangal parajayappettu. 1920-leeii venalkkaalath britiish sarkkar 1920-leeii gavanment oof ireland act (1921 meyy 3-nuu niyamamaayi paasaakkiyat) nirddeshichu, athu ireland dveepine rund svayambharana pradesangalaayi vibhajikkaan vibhavanam cheythu, "vadakkan ireland" (aarr vadakkukizhakkan kaundikal), "thekkan ireland" (dveepinte backie, athinte ettavum vadakkan kaundiyaaya doggel ulppede). ennirunnaalum, ithu thekkan republicanmark sveekaaryamaayirunnil, 1921-ll eee niyamaprakaaram vadakkan irelandinte asthithvam maathrame sthaapikkappettittul. 1922-ll airish swatantra raashtrathinte roopeekaranathiloode thekkan irelandinte rashtreeya asthithvam marikadakkappettu.
1920 desemberil nadanna kooduthal parajayappetta charchakalkku sesham, 1921 joolaiyil irayum briteeshukaarum thammil oppuvecha vedinirthal karaariloode garilla samgharsham avasaanichu. samadhana othutheerppinaayi charchakal aupachaarikamaayi aarambhichu.
oru paridhivare, swaathanthryasamaram airish samoohathile raashtreeyavum mathaparavumaya villalukal thurannukaatti. samgharshathil vivaraavakaashikalaanennu aaropikkappedunna 200 ladhikam saadhaaranakkaare aii. aarr. eiii vadhichu. protestant, muun sainikar thudangiya grouppukale eee kanakkukalil asamamaayi prathinidheekarichathaayi aaropikkappedunnu-mattu charitrakaaranmaar tharkkikkunna oru vaadamaanithu. ennirunnaalum akramavum bheeshaniyum kondo irelandile britiish saannidhyathodulla avarude vishwasthatha kondo 1911 num 1926 num idayil swatantra samsthaanathinte protestant janasamkhyayude 34 sathamaanam-allengil 40,000 aalukal-26 kaundikal vittu, kooduthalum vadakkan irelandilekko grettu brittanilekko. ithinu niravadhi kaaranangalundengilum, yunaittad kingdatthil ninnulla verpiriyal protestant kudiyettatthinu oru gadakamaayirunnu.
anglo-airish udambadi.
britiish, airish charchaa samghangal thammilulla charchakal 1921 desember 6 nuu avasaanicha anglo-airish udambadi nirmmichu. swaathanthryasamarasamayath aira intelligence samghadippicha maikkal collins airish samghathe nayichu. david lloyd jorjinteyum vinsttan charchilinteyum neethrthwathilulla britiish team airish swaathanthryathinu elavukal nalkaan thayyaaraayirunnuvenkilum oru republic amgeekarikkilla. charchakalude avasaanathil, airish vaagdaanam cheytha nibandhanakal amgeekarichillenkil "adiyanthiravum bhayanakavumaaya yuddham" nadathumennu lloyd jorj bheeshanippedutthi.
dominian staattas" ennariyappedunna oru puthiya airish svayambharana samvidaanam, airish swatantra raashtram ennu vilikkunna oru puthiya samsthaanavumaayi udambadi vibhavanam cheythu. oru hoome ruul paarlamentinekkaal swatantra samsthaanam ganyamaayi kooduthal swathanthramaayirunnu. athinu svanthamaayi police sayudha sena undaayirunnu, koodaathe swantham nikuthiyudeyum dhananayathinteyum niyanthranam undaayirunnu, avayonnum aabhyanthara bharanathinu keezhil vibhavanam cheythitilla. ennirunnaalum, athinte paramaadhikaarathinu chila paridhikalundaayirunnu. athu britiish komanveltthinte oru aadhipathyamaayi thudarnnu, athinte paarlament amgangalkku britiish rajavinodu vishwasthathayude prathijnjayedukkendivandu. udambadi thuramukhangal ennariyappedunna moonnu naavika thaavalangalum britishukaar nilanirtthi. koodaathe, nilavilulla sivil sarveesinte karaarukale manikkaan airish samsthaanam baadhyasthamaayirunnu-royal airish constabulary ozhike, athu pirichuvittu, poornna pensionukalode-airish samsthaanam nalkendathaanu.
udambadikku munpullathum ennaal chembu kondu urappichathumaya vibhajanathekkurichum chodyamundaayirunnu. sidhaanthathil, vadakkan ireland udambadiyude nibandhanakalkku keezhil ulppeduthiyittundile article 12 prakaram oru maasathinullil ozhivakkaanulla oopshan nalkiyirunnu. (1922leeii airish free stettu konstityooshan act kaanuka) angane 1922 desember 6-nuu ardharaathri muthal moonnu divasathekku puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya airish free stettu sidhaanthathil ireland dweep muzhuvan (vadakkan ireland ulppede) ulppeduthi. ennirunnaalum, praayogikamaayi, vadakkan ireland ithinakam thanne oru svayambharana pradeshamaayirunnu, 1922 desember 8 nuu athu aupachaarikamaayi airish swatantra samsthaanam vittu.
swatantra raashtrathinte paramaadhikaaratthinte eee paridhikalude falamaayum, udambadi 1918ll desheeyavaadikal prakhyaapicha republicine thakartthathinaal, siin fenn prasthaanam, dayle, iraa ennivayellaam udambadi sweekarikkanamo vendayo enna kaaryatthil aazhathil bhinnichirunnu. udambadi nirasichavaril ettavum pramukhanaaya neethaavaayirunnu republicinte presidentaaya emon dii valera. mattu karyangalkkoppam, collins charchaa samghavum dayle manthrisabhayude anumathiyillathe athil oppuvachu enna vasthuthaye addeham ethirthu.
aabhyantharayudham.
64-num 57-num idayil vottu cheytha dayle 1922 januvari 7-nuu anglo-airish udambadi anaayasam pasaki. republicinte presidentaaya emon dii valera mattu niravadhi kaabinat amgangalum prathishedhavumaayi raajivachu.
oru thaalkkaalika gavanmentil samghadippikkappetta maikkal collinsinteyum arther griffithinteyum udambadi anukoola neethrthwam udambadi srishticha airish swatantra raashtram sthaapikkaan theerumaanichu. ithinaayi, avar thudakkathil dablinile bhikshaadanakkaar bush baarakkukalil sthaapichittulla oru puthiya sainyathinaayi recruit cheyyaan thudangi, athil karar anukoola aii. aarr. eiii unitukal ulppedunnu. 1922 august muthal pirichuvitta panatthinu pakaramaayi oru puthiya poleesine, sivik gaardine, avar niyamikkaan thudangi.
ennirunnaalum, rory oo 'konarinte neethrthwathilulla bhooribhaagam irakalum karaarine ethirthu, athu airish republicine vichedichuvennum avar athine prathirodhikkumenn sathyaprathinja cheythuvennum athu britiish rajavinodu airish paarlamenteriyanmaarude mail vishwasthathayude prakhyapanam earppeduthiyathaayum avar vaadichu. 1922 maarchil aii. aarr. eiii oru kanvenshan nadatthi, athil avar deylinodulla kooru upekshichu swantham sainika kaunsilil nikshipthamaakki. eprilil dablinile niravadhi pothu kettidangalude, prathyekichu airish niyamavyavasthayude kendramaaya naalu kodathikalude, udambadi virudha sakthikal oo 'connor adhiniveshathinu neethrthwam nalki. karar virudha irayude commanderallatha emon dii valera, kuman naa poblachtha enna puthiya partyil udambadikku rashtreeya ethirppu nalki.
ippol rund athiraalikalaaya airish sayudha senakal rajyath ullathinaal, 1922 leeii vasanthakaalam muthal aabhyantharayudhathinu saadhyathayund. moonnu sambhavangal athinu thudakkamittu. aadyathethu 1922 juun 18-leeii thiranjeduppaayirunnu, athu swatantra samsthaanathinu oru janakeeya janavidhi nalkikkond udambadi anukoola siin fenn party vijayichu. randaamathethu landanil airish republicanmaar viramicha britiish general henry hugues vilsone vadhichathaan. aaraan kolapaathakathinu utharavittathennu vyakthamallengilum, britiish sarkkar ithu udambadi virudha iraa aanennu karuthukayum kolinukalkkethire nadapadiyedukkaano allengil athu cheyyaan sayudha britiish edapedal apakadathilaakkaano utharavittu. free stettu general jeey. jeey. jincher ooo 'konalinte naalu kodathikalil aii. aarr. eiii thattikkondupoyathaanu moonnaamathe trigger. sambhavangalude eee samyojanam collins sarkkaarine dablinile udambadi virudha sthaanangal ettedukkaan nirbandhitharaakki, athu 1922 joolaiyil oraazhchathe poraattatthinu sesham vijayikkukayum cheythu. sathrutha pottippurappettathin sesham aaman dii valera karar virudha iraykku thante pinthuna prakhyaapichu.
kooduthal sainika akramanam august thudakkathil athinte pradeshathe mattu pradhana pattanangalilum nagarangalilum swatantra bharanakoodatthinte niyanthranam urappakki. thuranna yudhathil paraajayappettenkilum, airish republicine punasthaapikkaan iraa veendum onnikkukayum oru garilla pracharanam nadathukayum cheythu. 1923 epril vare yuddham garilla roopathil neendu. 1922 augustil rund pradhana nethaakkalude maranathode swatantra raashtram kulungi. 1922 august 22 nuu korkkile bell naa blathil nadanna oru pathiyirippil maikkal collins kollappedukayum orazhcha munbu arther griffith strock baadhichu marikkukayum cheythu. dablyu. tii. coasgrave airish republicinte manthrisabhayudeyum thaalkkaalika sarkkaarinteyum niyanthranam ettedukkukayum taamasiyaathe rund bharanakoodangalum aprathyakshamaakukayum 1922 desember 6 nuu airish swatantra raashtrathinte sthaapanangal pakaram vaykkukayum cheythu.
liam linchinte keezhilulla karar virudha iraa 1919-1921 ll briteeshukaarkkethire upayogicha athe garilla thanthrangal swatantra rashtrathinethire upayogikkaan shramichu. ennirunnaalum, athe alavilulla janakeeya pinthunayillaathe avaa phalapradamallaayirunnu. 1922 avasaanathode airish deseeya sainyam raajyathe ellah pradhana pattanangalum pidichedukkukayum iraante akramanam cheria thothilulla akramanangalaayi kuraykkukayum cheythu. udambadiyilninnu pinmariya niravadhi poraalikale, athaayath motham 12,000 pere swathanthraraashtram thadavilaakki. mathramalla, yuddham nadannappol iruvashathum valia kroorathayundaakki. swatantra raashtram thiranjeduttha vadhashikshayude nayam aarambhichu-77 thadavukaare judicialaayi vedivachu kollukayum nooriladhikam pere 'anaudyogikamaayi' kollukayum cheythu. karar virudha sakthikal karar anukoola paarlamentile oru amgatheyum mattu niravadhi sivilian raashtreeyakkaareyum kolappeduthukayum kooduthal perkku parikkelppikkukayum avarude veedukal kathikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, swatantra raashtrathinte thadankalinteyum vadhathinteyum thanthrangal samyojippichu 1923 eprilode udambadi virudha shakthikale durbalapedutthi.
eee maasathe liam linchinte maranam frank aikente utharavilum sivilian nethaavu dii valerayude nirddeshaprakaaravum vedinirthalinu ahvaanam cheyyukayum "aayudangal upekshikkukayum" cheytha udambadi virudha irayilekku nayichu. ennirunnaalum, yudhathinu charchakaliloode avasaanamundayilla.
airish desheeyavaadikal thammilulla aabhyantharayudham valia kayperiya avastha srishtikkukayum aabhyantharayudhathinte pilarpp irupathaam noottaandil swatantra irelandile rund pradhana paarttikale srishtikkukayum cheythu. marichavarude ennam ithuvare krithyamaayi kanakkaakkiyittillengile ekadesham 2,000 aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu; kuranjathu muun swaathanthryasamarathil kollappettavarude ennathekkaal uyarnnathaan.
airish stettu, 1922-1939.
aabhyantharayudhathinu thottupinnaale, karar virudha siin fenine pankedukkaan anuvadicha thiranjeduppu nadannu. emon dii valera ulppede avarude sthaanaarthikalil palarum jayililadaykkappettenkum avar ekadesham moonnilonnu vottu nedi. ennirunnaalum, kuman naa nagedilil samghadippikkappetta karar anukoola paksham anukoolamaaya bhooripaksham nedukayum 1932 vare puthiya samsthaana sarkkar roopeekarikkukayum cheythu.
dablyu. tii. kosgrevinte neethrthwathilulla kuman nangedeel sarkkarukal valare yaadhaasthithikamaayirunnu-saamoohikamo raashtreeyamo aaya parishkaranathekkaal aabhyantharayudhathinte naashathinu sesham samsthaanathinte adisthaana sthaapanangal sthaapikkunnathil kooduthal shradhaalukkalaayirunnu. neethi mantri kevin oo 'higginsinte abhipraayathil, "oru vijayakaramaya viplavam nadatthiya viplavakaarikalude ettavum yaadhaasthithika samghamaayirunnu njangal".
airish sivil sarvees pradhaanamaayum britteeshukaaril ninnum sii polulla muthirnna sivil sarveesukaaril ninnum kedukoodaathe paarambaryamaayi labhichu.jeey. puthiya samsthaanathinte bureaucrasy nilamparisaakkaan landanilninnu airish janathaykku gregg 'kadam' nalki. puthiya sevanavum prathyekichu athinte kantrolaraaya joseph brennon thudakkathil samsthaanathinte bajatt santhulithamaakkunnathilum deerghakaala kadabadhyatha ozhivaakkunnathilum ettavum kooduthal shradhichirunnuvenkilum swatantra samsthaanam swantham nottukal (pandu) achadikkukayum swantham nanayangal achadikkukayum cheythuvenkilum 1970 vare avayude moolyam britiish sterling karansiyumaayi bandhappettirunnu.
1890kalil britishukaar praadeshika sarkkaarin valareyadhikam adikaaram kaimariyappol, swatantra samsthaanathinte aadya niyamangalilonnu kaundi kaunsilukalude pala adikaarangalum nirthalaakkukayum avaykku pakaram thiranjedukkappedaatha kaundi maanejarmaare niyamikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu. aabhyantharayudhathile karar virudha pakshathodulla chila kaunsilukalude vishwasthatha moolamaanu ithu bhaagikamaayi sambhavichathu, mathramalla praadeshika sarkkaarin adikaaram nalkunnathu azhimathi valarthiyenna vishwaasavum ithinu kaaranamaayirunnu. aabhyantharayudhathinte kayppukalaal thaarathamyena kalankamillaatha nirayudhavum raashtreeyamaayi nishpakshavumaaya oru shakthiyaayi poleesine sthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu kuman naa nagaideel sarkkaarukalude pradhana vijayangalilonn.
saambathika rangathu, krishiyidangal ekeekarikkukayum avayude uthppannangalude gunanilavaaram mechappeduthukayum cheythukondu airish kaarshika kayattumathi mekhalaye pinthunaykkunnathil coasgrave bharanakoodam athinte punk kandu. pothu kadam kuraykkunnathinulla shramathil, aadya dhanakaaryamanthriyaayirunna ernest blaith, pothuchelavu 1923-ll 42 dasalaksham poundil ninnu 1926-ll 27 dasalaksham poundaayi kurachu. kammyoon naa ngedal sarkkarukal saamoohika sevanangal nalkunnathine mungananayai kaanathe aadaayanikuthi 5-ll ninnu 3 shillingukalaayi kurachu. pothuve kuranja thothilulla pothuchelavil ninnu oru apavaadam irelandinte aadyathe svayambharana vaidyuthi srothass nalkia shaanon jalavaidyutha padhathiyaanu.
aabhyantharayudhathile avasaanathe thadavukaar 1924ll mochitharaayappol, pothu suraksha niyamangalude (1923,1926,1931) oru parambara prakaram rashtreeya athiraalikale thadavilaakkaanum vadhikkanum polum swatantra raashtram vipulamaaya adiyanthara adikaarangal nilanirtthi. 1927ll aira mantri kevin oo 'higginsine (aabhyantharayudhasamayathe vadhashikshakalkk prathikaaramaayi) aira vadikkukayum athinusesham noorukanakkinu aira prathikal thadavilaakkappedukayum cheythathinu sheshamaan eee adikaarangal upayogichathu.
phiyan fail adhikaarathil varunnu.
karar virudha pakshatthinte rashtreeya prathinidhikal 1926-ll fianna failaayi veendum grooppucheythu, siin fainilum irayilum nyoonapakshamaaya republicanmaar maathramaan samsthaanathinte niyamasadhutha amgeekarikkaan visammathichath. daylilekku thiranjedukkappettathin sesham fianna fail thudakkathil avarude seettukal edukkaan visammathichu. ennirunnaalum, kevin oo 'higginsinte kolapaathakatthil ninnu svayam verpeduthunnathinaayi 1927 ll avar paarlamentil praveshichu.
thudakkathil samsthaanam sthaapicha partyenna nilayil kuman naa nagaideel janapriyamaayirunnu, ennaal 1932 aayappozhekkum avarude saambathika yaadhaasthithikathayum karar virudha republicanmaarude thudarchayaaya adichamarthalum janapreeti nediyilla. airish vyavasaayam vikasippikkuka, thozhilavasarangal srishtikkuka, kooduthal saamoohika sevanangal nalkuka, britiish saamraajyavumaayulla sheshikkunna bandhangal vettikkuraykkuka ennee paripaadikalil 1932 leeii thiranjeduppil fianna fail vijayichu. 1932ll fianna fail laber partyumaayi sakhyamundaakki sarkkaaril praveshichenkilum oru varshathinusesham avar samboornna bhooripaksham nedi. 1948 vareyum irupathaam noottaandinte sheshikkunna bhagangalilum avar thadassamillaathe sarkkaaril thudarnnu.
iraye niyamavidheyamaakkukayum thadavilaaya republicanmaare mochippikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu sarkkaarile fayana failinte aadya nadapadikalilonnu. raalikalil "raajyadrohikal" ennu karuthiya kuman naa nagedhal anuyaayikale iraa amgangal akramikkaan thudangi. karar anukoola aabhyanthara yudhathil pankeduttha eee sainikar, iraye ethirkkaan muun garda kammeeshanar eoin oo 'dafiyude neethrthwathil ardha phaasist blueshirtukal (thudakkathil "armi comrades association") roopeekarichu. 1930kalude thudakkathil iruvibhaagangalum thammil idaykkide kalaapangalum vedivayppukalum nadannirunnu. musoliniyude romilekkulla maarchinte anukaranatthil 1933 ll deylilekkulla oru maarchinu sesham dii valera blueshirtukal nirodhichu. taamasiyaathe, 1936-ll, oru bhoovivaadathil oru bhoovudamayude ejantaaya richard morr ooo 'fareline kolappeduthukayum dablinile tramway thozhilaallikalude panimudakkinide poleesinu nere vediyuthirkkukayum cheythathinetthudarnnu vardhichuvarunna idathupaksha aiaarine nirodhichappol dii valera rashtreeya akramatthil ninnu oru shudhamaaya edavela eduthu. 1939ll ithu niyamaviruddha sayudha grouppukale prosecute cheiyunnathinaayi samsthaanathinethiraaya kuttakrithyangal niyamamakki, vimatha theevravaada grouppukale neridaan muun sarkkarukal paasaakkiyathin samanamaaya oru niyamamaanith.
saambathika deseeyathayum brittanumaayulla vyapara yudhavum.
fianna failinte saambathika paripadi avarude mungamikalaaya kuman naa nagediyaalumaayi oru moorchayulla villal adayaalappeduthi. pradhaanamaayum ganyamaaya karshakarkk prayojanam cheytha swatantra vyaapaarathin pakaram, thaarifukalum subsidy vazhi videsha athiraalikalil ninnu samrakshikkappetta airish aabhyanthara vyavasaayangal sthaapikkuka enna deseeya lakshyamaanu fayana fail pinthudarnnathu. videsha kambanikalkku avarude bordukalil airish amgangalude kwata undaayirikkanamennu fianna fail nirbandhamaakki. vaidyuthi vitharana board, turf vikasana board thudangiya ardha samsthaana kambanikal avar sthaapichu. sarkkar neethrthwathilulla eee thanthrathinu chila nalla phalangal undaayirunnittum, 1930 kalude avasaanathil 75,000 vare britteeshukaarumaayi eee kaalayalaviludaneelam kudiyettam uyarnna nilayilaayirunnu.
saambathika swaathanthryam nedunnathinaayi, britiish gavanment 1903 leeii bhoomi vaangal (ireland) niyamaprakaaram nalkia "bhoomi vaarshika" panam thirike nalkaan visammathichukondu 1933 ll brittanumaayulla anglo-airish vyapara yuddham ennariyappedunnathinu fiana fail kaaranamaayi. prathikaaramaayi britishukaar airish kaarshika uthppannangalkk theeruva uyarthukayum irelandinte kayattumathi vyaapaarathe baadikkukayum cheythu. dii valera britiish charakkukalude irakkumathikku nikuthi uyarthi. eee samgharshathinte bharam kannukaali karshakarude mail veenu, avarkk inimuthal brittanil malsaraadhishtitha nirakkil kannukaalikale wilkan kazhinjilla. koodaathe, fianna fail sarkkar bhoomi vaarshikathinte pakuthi nikuthiyayi shekharikkunnathu thudarnnu. panam nalkano nalkano kazhiyaatha karshakaril ninnu kannukaalikale pidikkaan police chilappol sainyavum upayogichirunnu. eee nayangalil aswastharaaya karshakar blueshert prasthaanatthinte pradhana pinthuna kendrangalilonnaayirunnu.
brittanumaayulla tharkkam oduvil 1939-ll pariharikkapettu. bhoomi vaarshika kadathinte pakuthi (sii. 90 dasalaksham poundu) ezhuthithallukayum bakkiyullava orumichulla thukayayi nalkukayum cheythu. 1922leeii udambadi muthal nilanirtthiyirunna udambadi thuramukhangalum britishukaar irelandilekku thirichayachu. eee thaavalangalude mail airish niyanthranam randaam lokamahaayudhathil airish nishpakshatha saadhyamaakki.
bharanaghadanaaparamaaya padavi.
1922 muthal 1937 vare britiish rajaavu bharichirunna oru bharanaghadanaaparamaaya rajavaazhchayaayirunnu swatantra raashtram (1927 muthal "irelandile rajaavu" enna padavi upayogichu). kireedatthinte prathinidhi govarnor general ennariyappettirunnu. swatantra samsthaanathinu oru dvisabha paarlamentum paarlamentinte adhosabhayaya free stettu deyilinu utharam nalkenda "executive kaunsil" ennu vilikkunna oru manthrisabhayum undaayirunnu. sarkkar medhavi executive kaunsilinte president ennu vilichirunnu.
1931ll yuu. keey. paarlament westminstar niyamam pasaki, ithu austreliya, canada, airish free stettu, newfoundland, nyoosiland, dakshinaafrikka ennee aarr dominionmark niyamanirmmaana swaathanthryam nalki.
1932-ll, pothutheranjeduppil emon dii valerayudeyum fianna failinteyum vijayathin sesham, 1922-leeii airish swatantra samsthaana bharanaghadana niravadhi niyamanirmmaana maattangaliloode bhedagathi cheyyukayum pinneedu oru puthiya bharanaghadana konduvarikayum cheythu. dii valera bharanakoodamaanu eee rekha thayyarakkiyathu. saadhaarana bhooripakshathode watermar ithu janavidhi prakaram amgeekarichu.
1937 desember 29nuu puthiya "ireland bharanaghadana" praabalyatthil vannu, airish swatantra samsthaanathe "ireland" allengil engleesh bhashayil "ireland" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. govarnor generalinu pakaram irelandinte oru presidentine niyamikkukayum "thaavoyiseechu" ennu vilikkappedunna kooduthal sakthanaaya oru puthiya pradhaanamantri nilavil varikayum executive kaunsilinte peru "gavanment" ennu maattukayum cheythu. athinu oru president undaayirunnengilum puthiya samsthaanam oru republicayirunnilla. britiish rajaavu saidhaanthikamaayi "irelandile rajaavu" enna nilayil bharanam thudarnnu, anthaaraashtra, nayatantra bandhangalil oru "oorgan" aayi upayogichu, ireland president samsthaanathinullile pratheekathmaka pravarthanangalilekku tharamthaazhthappettu, pakshe orikkalum athinu purathalla.
vadakkan irelandinte avastha.
vadakkan ireland swathanthraraajyathil ulppedutharuthennu theerumaanikkukayaanenkil, rund adhikaaraparidhikal thammilulla athirthikal parishkarikkunnathin oru athirthi kammeeshan roopeekarikkumennu angloirish udambadi vyavastha cheiyunnu. vadakkan irelandile deseeya pradeshangale swathanthraraajyathil cheraan anuvadikkuka ennathaayirunnu airish kaazhchappaad, swathanthraraashtram sthaapithamaayathinu thottupinnaale eee kammeeshan nilavil vannu. ennirunnaalum puthiya athirthikkaduthu thamasikkunna aalukalude rashtreeya abhilaashangalekkaal saambathikavum bhooprakrithiyumulla gadakangalilaanu kammeeshan shradha kendreekarichathu. 1925-ll athirthi kammeeshan report, pratheekshakalkk virudhamaayi, swatantra samsthaanathinte chila cheria pradeshangal vadakkan irelandinu vittukodukkaan nirddeshichu. vividha kaaranangalal brittante saamraajyathva kadangal adaykkunnathil pankucheraanulla airish badhyatha brittan upekshichathinu pakaramaayi yadhaartha vadakkan ireland/thekkan ireland chithreekaranam sweekarikkaan sarkkarukal sammathichu. 71 muthal 20 vareyulla valia maarjinil dayle athirthi amgeekarichu.
randaam lokamahaayudham, nishpakshatha, "adiyantharaavastha" 1939-1945.
randaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathode samsthaanavum dii valera sarkkarum dushkaramaaya avasthayilaayi. yudhathil praveshikkaano allengil sakhyakakshikale athinte thuramukhangal upayogikkaan anuvadikkaano brittanil ninnum pinneedu usil ninnum sammarddam chelutthiyirunnu. ennirunnaalum, deseeya swaathanthryam iniyum nediyittillennu thonnukayum brittanumaayulla eathenkilum sakhyathe shakthamayi ethirkkukayum cheytha oru nyoonapakshavum avasheshichu. ekkaaranathaal, "emarjansi" ennu audyogikamaayi ariyappettirunna yudhathiludaneelam samsthaanam nishpakshamaayi thudarunnuvennu dii valera urappakki. nishpakshatha sweekarikkaanulla samsthaanathinte theerumaanathe swaadheenichathu angloirish yudhathinteyum aabhyantharayudhathinteyum oormmakalum oru yudhathil pankedukkaanulla samsthaanathinte sainika thayyaareduppinte abhaavavumaan.
1922 muthal niravadhi thavana cheria grouppukalaayi vibhajikkapetta irayude avashishtangal brittanil oru bomb aakramanavum (attimari kaambeyn (aii. aarr. eiii) kaanuka) vadakkan irelandil chila aakramanangalum (vadakkan kaambeyn kaanuka) aarambhichu, vadakkan irelandil ninnu britteeshukaare pinvalikkaan nirbandhitharaakkaan uddeshichullathaanu. athinte chila nethaakkal, prathyekichu seane russell, eee padhathikkaayi naasi germmaniyodu sahayam thedi. eee pravartthanam airish nishpakshathaykkum samsthaanathinte supradhana thaalpparyangalkkum bheeshaniyaanennu kanakkakki, ellah sajeeva aii. aarr. eiii amgangaleyum thadavilaakkukayum niravadhi pere vadikkukayum cheythu. oru poleesukaarane vedivachathinu vadakkan irelandil mattoraale thookkiletti.
thirasseelaykku pinnil airish raashtram sakhyakakshikalumayi pravarthichu; 1940-ll, jarmmankaar ireland aakramichaal britiish sainyathinte praveshanam amgeekarikkumennum swantham sayudha senaye avarude niyanthranathilaakkumennume sarkkar brittanumaayi thaalkkaalikamaayi sammathichu-plan dablyu kaanuka. ooppareshan green ennariyappedunna ireland adhiniveshathinaayi oru thaalkkaalika jarmman padhathi undaayirunnu, pakshe athu orikkalum nadappakkappettilla. koodaathe, 1941-ll belfaasttil jarmman bombakramanam moolamundaaya theepidutthatthe cherukkaan sahaayikkunnathin airish agnishamana senaamgangale vadakkan irelandilekku ayachu (belfast blitts kaanuka).
sahakaranathinte niravadhi udaaharanagal koodi undaayirunnu. irelandil takarnna jarmman pailattumaare thadavilaakkukayum sakhyakakshikalaya vyomasenaamgangale brittanilekku thirike ayakkukayum cheythu. parasparamulla budhishakthiyude pankidalum undaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, airish samsthaanam nalkia atlaantik kadal kaalavastha reportukalude adisthaanathilaanu dii-day normandi landinginte theeyathi theerumaanikkappettathu. irelandil ninnulla 43,000 muthal 150,000 vare purushanmaar pankedutthathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, aaa ennam vadakkan irelandinum thekkan samsthaanathinum idayil ekadesham thulyamaayi vibhajikkappettirikkunnu.
neremarichu, adolph hitlarude aathmahathyayethudarnnu, nayatantra protocol paalich dii valera jarmman ambasadarkk vivaadaparamaaya anushochanam ariyichu.
saambathikamaayi yuddham samsthaanathinu budhimutteriya samayamaayirunnu. vyaavasaayika uthppaadanam 25 sathamaanam kuranju. onnaam lokamahaayudhathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, airish karshakar brittanu bhakshanam vitt ganyamaaya labham nediyappol, randaam lokamahaayudhathil, brittan airish kaarshika irakkumathikku karsanamaaya vila niyanthranam earppeduthi. yuddham kaaranam ayarlandilekkulla irakkumathi vattukayum ithu bhakshanathil svayamparyaapthathaykkum karsanamaaya rationinginumulla neekkatthilekku nayikkukayum 1950 vare thudarukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, nishpakshathayude falamaayi, europian pradhana bhoopradeshathu poraalikalaaya rajyangal anubavikkunna shaareerika nashavum kadutha budhimuttukalum ozhivaakkikkond ireland yudhathil ninnu uyarnnuvannu.
vadakkan irelandumaayulla bandham 1945-innuvare.
1937leeii bharanaghadanayil paranjirikkunnathupole, samsthaanathinte pradeshathu ireland dweep muzhuvan ulppedunnu ennathaayirunnu airish samsthaanathinte audyogika nilapad, ennaal 1922leeii udambadiyil vivarichirikkunnathu athinte niyamangal swatantra raashtrathinte pradeshathinu maathrame baadhakamaakoo. athinusesham airish sarkkaarukalude nayangal vibhajana virudha leag polulla sammarda grouppukaliloode irelandinte samadhaanaparamaaya ekeekaranam pinthudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, athesamayam, ardhasainika vibhagangal-prathyekichu aii. aarr. eiii-swantham surakshaykk bheeshaniyaanennu samsthaanam thiricharinju. koodaathe, vadakkan irelandinethiraaya avarude akramanangal airish samsthaanathe brittanumaayulla anaavashya ettumuttalilekku valichizhaykkum.
1950kalil athirthiyile vadakkan suraksha lakshyangalkk (athirthi kaambeyn) nere aii. aarr. eiii. akramanangal aarambhichu. airish sarkkar aadyam iraan nethaakkale samsthaana niyamathinethiraaya kuttakrithyangalkku keezhil thadavilaakkukayum pinneedu ellah iraa pravartthakarkkum thadankal earppeduthukayum cheythu. ithu prachaaranatthe athinte pathayil nirthaan sahayichu, 1962ll ira athu nirthalaakki. eee sambhavathin sesham, swaathanthryasamarathilum aabhyantharayudhathilum iranian sainikanaayirunna seane lemaasinte keezhilulla thekkan sarkkar dveepil samadhaanaparamaaya sahakaranm prolsaahippikkunnathi vadakkan irelandile adhikaarikalumaayi adutha bandham sthaapikkaan shramichu. 1922leeii vibhajanathinte aadyakaalathinushesham athath rashtrathalavanmaaril aadyamaayaanu adhehavum vadakkan pradhaanamantri terrens oo 'neylum sandarshanangal kaimariyath.
ennirunnaalum, 1969-ll derry, belfast, mattu nagara kendrangal ennividangalil kalaapathinte roopathil vadakkan irelandil samgharsham pottippurappettappol airish sarkkar valare budhimuttulla avasthayil ethi. vadakkan irelandile katholikkarudeyum desheeyavaadikaludeyum paraathikal pariharikkunnathinayi vadakkan ireland pouraavakaasha association nadatthiya prakshobhatthil ninnaan akramam udaleduthathu. rund episodukal prathyekichum aashankayundaakki-deriyile bogside yuddham, athil desheeyavaadikal moonnu divasam policinode poraadi, belfaasttile kalapam, athil niravadhi catholica ayalpakkangal vishwasthar akramikkukayum kathikkukayum cheythu.
vadakkan desheeyavaadikale sahayikkaan athirthi kadannu airish sainyathe ayakkumennu ardhamaakkunna abhipraayangal, "niraparaadhikalkk parikkelkkunnathum orupakshe athilum moshamayathum namukk kaananum nilkkanum kazhiyilla" ennu oru television prasamgatthil thaavoyiseechu jacq linch paranju. ithu cheythillengilum airish armi feeld aashupathrikal sthaapikkukayum svayam prathirodhatthinaayi deseeyavaada grouppukalkku kurachu panavum aayudangalum rahasyamaayi vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythu. republican ardhasainika vibhaagangalkk aayudangal vitharanam cheythennaaropichu sarkkar mantrimaaraaya chaals hougeyum neel blany pinneedu vichaarana cheyyappettu.
athe samayam, vadakkan samsthaanathinethire sayudha akramanam aarambikkaan uddeshichulla 1969 leeii kalaapathil ninnu thaalkkaalika aii. aarr. eiii uyarnnuvannu. 1972 aayappozhekkum avarude akramanam ganyamaaya theevrathayode aaa varsham maathram nooriladhikam britiish sainikare vadhichu. 1950kalile iraa prachaaranatthil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, eee prachaaranatthinu vadakkan desheeyavaadikalkkidayil ganyamaaya pothu pinthunayundennu kanakkaakkappettirunnu, ekkaaranathaal, vadakkan irelandil oru rashtreeya othutheerppinte abhaavathil airish sarkkarukal munbatheppole thadankal earppeduthiyilla. athirthi kadannu republican ardhasainika vibhaagangale republicilekku pinthudaraan britiish, vadakkan ireland suraksha unitukale anuvadikkaan airish sarkkar visammathikkukayum aayudhangalumaayi athinte pradeshathu praveshicha sainikareyo policineo arast cheyyukayum cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, republicanmaarude sayudha pravartthanatthe airish sarkkar oru pradhana suraksha apakadamaayi thudarnnu. trables ennariyappedunna vadakkan irelandile samgharshathiludaneelam republican ardhasainika vibhaagangalude pravartthanangal thadayaan gardai airish sainyavum upayogichu (sii. 1968-1998). baank kavarchakal, thattikkondupokal, airish suraksha senaykkethiraaya edaykkideyulla akramanangal (6 gaardaayikalum oru airish sinikanum kollappettu), athirthiyil britiish senaykkethiraaya akramanangal enniva thekk ardhasainika vibhaagangalude pravarthanangalil ulppedunnu. republican ardhasainika vibhaagangalude prathinidhikal televisionilo radioyilo prathyakshappedunnathu prakshepana niyamathile (1971) sekshan 31 prakaram nirodhichirunnu. thekkan pradeshathu vishwastha ardhasainika vibhaagangalude chila aakramanangalum undaayi, prathyekichu 1974 leeii doublin, monagan bombakramanangalil 33 perr kollappettu.
ennirunnaalum, vadakkan irelandile briteeshukaarkkethiraaya pracharanam nilanirthunnathinaayi pira thekk oru surakshita abhayasthaanamaayi vijayakaramaayi upayogichu, thekkan airish janathayude sahathapam vyaapakamaayi swanthamaakki. airish charitrakaaranaaya gearid ooo fauliyan "airish kaalatthinaayi" ezhuthi, "raajyathudaneelam republicanmaar mattethoru samoohatheyum pole avarude kammyoonittikalude bhaagamaayirunnu. palarum gaayo mattu praadeshika samghadanakalilo earppettirunnu, avarude ayalkkaarkk koogan enna vaakk vyaakhyaanikkaanum, 'aankuttikale' kurichu nishabdamaayum amgeekaarathodeyum pirupirukkaanum kazhinjirunnu-thudarnnu pittennu oru madiyumillaathe iraye aakramich ethirkkunna oru rashtreeya partic vottu cheyyaan pooyi."1970 kalude thudakkathil shaanon vimanathavalavum cork, cob thuramukhangalum videshathu aayudha irakkumathikkaayi aii. aarr. eiii. vyaapakamaayi upayogichirunnu. mikka ira pariseelana kyaambukalum republicilaayirunnu, athupole thanne saphe houseukalum aayudha faaktarikalum. iraa prachaaranatthil upayogichirunna dhanakaaryathinte bhooribhaagavum videsha srothassukalekkaal republic oof irelandile criminal, niyamaanusritha pravarthanangalil ninnaan. thekkan irelandile aii. aarr. eiii amgangalum anuyaayikalum dhaaraalam mechappeduthiya sphodakavasthukkalum thokkukalum nirmmikkukayum thudarnnu eee pradeshangalile lakshyangalkethire upayogikkunnathinaayi vadakkan irelandilekkum englandilekkum kondupookukayum cheythu. udaaharanathinu, 1973ll dablinile staanve rodinaduthulla oru ira aayudha factory oru divasam aarr thokkukal nirmmikkukayayirunnu. 1975ll donaabettile kaundi doublin graamatthile oru aayudha factory "grenadeukal, rokkattukal, mortaarukal ennivayude nirmmaanathinulla kendram" ennu visheshippichirunnu."1973-nte aadya aarumaasathil maathram vadakkan irelandil pottithericha 48,000 poundu sphodakavasthukkalkku pinnil republicile kwaarikal, faamukal, nirmmaana sthalangal ennivayil ninnu moshticha jelignaittaan. airish prathirodha senayile oru muun amgam ulppede thekkan airish pouranmaarude melnottatthil adisthaana cheria aayudangalum sphodakavasthukkalum nirmmikkunnath muthal kanatha mesheen gann vare aii. aarr. eiii pariseelanam undaayirunnu. republicile aayirakkanakkin airish pouranmaar samgharshathiludaneelam iraakkoppam chernnu; udaaharanathinu, 1979 augustil luis mountbaattante kolapathakam monagaanil ninnulla iraa amgamaaya thomas mcmohan nadatthi.
1985ll, airish sarkkar anglo-airish karaarinte bhaagamaayirunnu, athil vadakku bhaaviyile samadhana othutheerppil airish sarkkaarin oru pankundennu britiish sarkkar amgeekarichu. 1994ll airish sarkkar charchakalil valareyadhikam earppettirunnathinaal athu iraa vedinirthal konduvannu.
1998-ll, airish adhikaarikal veendum oru othutheerppil kakshichernnu, vadakkan irelandinullil adikaaram pankidal sthaapanangal, vadakku-thekk nirddeshangal, yunaittad kingdatthinteyum republic oof irelandinteyum vividha gadakangal thammilulla bandhangal enniva sthaapicha good frieday karar. vadakkan irelandinte nilanilppum aikya irelandinaayulla airish desheeyavaadikalude aagrahavum amgeekarikkunnathinaayi airish raashtram bharanaghadanayude 2,3 vakuppukal maatti. subha velliyaazhcha kararinu sheshamulla thiranjeduppu raashtreeyathil thaalkkaalika irayum siin fenum ulppeduthiyathinte pashchaathalatthil polum, vadakkan irelandine asthirappeduthaan shakti prayogikkaan aagrahikkunna niravadhi republican ardhasainika vibhagangal avasheshikkunnu-yadhaartha ira, thudarcha ira. atharam grouppukalude akramanangal thadayaan airish suraksha senaye upayogikkunnathu thudarunnu.
1949-oru republic prakhyaapichu.
1949 epril 18nuu oyaraachtaas pasakia republic oof ireland act 1948 praabalyatthil vannu. aaa niyamanirmmanam irelandine republic oof ireland ennu visheshippichuvenkilum raajyathinte peru mattiyittilla. munbu rajaavil nikshipthamaayatho nadappilaakkiyatho aaya anthaaraashtra, nayatantra pravartthanangal ippol ireland presidentinu nikshipthamaayirunnu, oduvil addeham airish rashtrathalavanaayi maari. annu praabalyatthil undaayirunna komanvelthu niyamangal prakaram, oru republicinte prakhyapanam britiish komanveltthile samsthaanathinte amgathvam yaanthrikamaayi avasaanippichu. taamasiyaathe oru republicayi marria indiayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, ireland komanveltthile praveshanathinaayi veendum apekshikkaruthennu theerumaanichu.
1949 muthal oru republicanenkilum, ireland raajyam sthaapicha kireeda niyamam 1542 oduvil 1962 vare raddaakkappettilla, kaalaharanapetta mattu pala ireland paarlament chattangalum. ennirunnaalum, athinumumbu, britiish sarkkar 1949 leeii ireland aaktil "republic oof ireland addehathinte raajathvathinte bhagamalla" ennu amgeekarichu (ennaal oru niyamathinteyum aavasyangalkkaayi "oru videsha raajya" maayi maarilla).
soviyatt yooniyante neenda veettoykku sesham 1955 desemberil eee samsthaanam ikyaraashtrasabhayil chernnu. 1961ll fraansinte veetto pinvalichathode 1973ll europian kammyoonittikalil (ippol europian union ennariyappedunnu) cheraan samsthaanam vijayichu.
nilavile charithram.
saambathika, rashtreeya, saamoohika charithram, 1945-1998.
yudhathil nerittulla pankaalittham ozhivaakkukayum mikka yudhakkalikalaaya raajyangale apekshichu aalohari varumanam kooduthal nedukayum cheytha ireland randaam lokamahaayudhathil ninnu pala europian raajyangale apekshichu mikacha avasthayil uyarnnuvannu. marshell padhathikku keezhilulla vaaypayil ninnu irelandinum prayojanam labhichu; 2 sathamaanam palishaykk 36 dasalaksham dollar. vipulamaaya bhawana, cheri vrithiyaakkal padhathikkum kshayarogam unmoolanam cheiyunnathinulla vijayakaramaya prachaaranatthinum eee panam chelavazhichu.
ennirunnaalum, 1950kalil mikka europian raajyangalum susthira saambathika kuthichuchaattam anubhavichappol, ireland cheythilla, eee dashakathil athinte sambadvyavastha prathivarsham oru sathamaanam maathram valarnnu. thalphalamaayi, eee dashakathil irelandil prathivarsham 50,000tholam kuthane kudiyettam anubhavappedukayum samsthaanathe janasamkhya ekkaalatheyum thaazhnna nirakkaya 2.81 dashalakshamaayi kurayukayum cheythu. 1930kall muthal prabalamaayirunna samrakshanavaada nayangalum kuranja pothuchelavum paraajayappedunnathaayi parakke kaanapettu.
phine gail (kuman naa nagadeelinte pingaamikal) nayikkunna sakhyangalum laber party klaan naa poblachayum ulppedeyulla sakhyangalum thiranjeduppil vijayikkukayum sarkkar roopeekarikkukayum cheythappol fianna failinte rashtreeya aadhipathyam 1948-51 lum 1954-1957 lum thakarkkapettu. ennirunnaalum, sakhya bharanakaalakhattam sarkkar nayangalil samoolamaaya maattam varuthiyilla. ammamarkkum kuttikalkkum soujanya vaidyasahaayam nalkunna amayum kunjum padhathi avatharippikkunathinulla aarogyamanthri noval brouninte oru samrambham catholica sabayum swakaarya medical praakteeshanarmaarum ethirthappol nishfalamaayi.
mosham saambathika valarchayum saamoohika sevanangalude abhavavum muthirnna emon dii valerayude pingamiyaayi 1958 ll fianna failinte nethaavaayum thaavoyisech enna nilayilum saambathika prakadanam mechappettillenkil swatantra airish samsthaanathinte bhaavi thanne apakadatthilaanennu prasthavikkaan saine lemassine nayichu. "[enthengilum] ippol thanne cheyyanam... nammal parajayappettaal matellaam athinoppam pookukayum bhoothakaalathe ellah pratheekshakalum thettaavukayum cheyyum.
lemas, tii. keey. dhanakaarya vakuppinte sekratariyenna nilayil vaittekkar, vyaavasaayika adisthaana soukaryangalil aasootritha nikshepam nadathukayum niravadhi samrakshana thaarifukal kuraykkukayum irelandil sthaapikkaan videsha nirmmaana kambanikalkku nikuthi aanukoolyangal nalkukayum cheiyunnathulppede saambathika valarchaykkayi prathyeka padhathikal roopeekarichu. annumuthal nerittulla videsha nikshepam aakarshikkunnath airish saambathika aasoothranathinte kendra bhaagamaayi thudarunnu. lemas kaalaghattatthile saambathika padhathikal 1959num 1973num idayil prathivarsham 4 sathamaanam saambathika valarcha kaivarichu. kooduthal pothu varumanam undaayathinte falamaayi saamoohika adisthaana soukaryangalil kooduthal nikshepam nadatthi-udaaharanathinu, soujanya secondary vidyaabhyaasam 1968ll annathe vidyaabhyaasa mantri donaf oo 'maale earppeduthi. irelandile jeevithanilavaram 50 sathamaanam uyarukayum europian sharaashariyumaayi poruthappedaan thudangukayum cheythathode kudiyettam kuranju.
ennirunnaalum, 1970-kalil, opeku rajyangal enna vitharanam nirtthiya loka oorjja prathisandhi, irelandil panapperuppavum bajatt kammi vardhikkunnathinum kaaranamaayi. 1973 muthal 1977 vare mikacha thozhilaallikaludeyum thozhilaallikaludeyum oru sakhya sarkkar pothuchelavil niravadhi vettikkuravukal earppeduthi chelavu niyanthranathilaakkaan shramichu.
1970kalude avasaanathe saambathika prathisandhiyude kaalaghattam irelandil 1980kaliludaneelam nilanilkkunna oru puthiya saambathika prathisandhiye prakopippichu. 1977leeii thiranjeduppinu sesham veendum adhikaarathil vanna fianna fail, 1981 aayappozhekkum airish gnpyude 65 shathamaanamaaya pothuchelavu vardhippichu sambadvyavasthaye veendum sajeevamakkaan shramichu. 1980ll airish deseeya kadam 7 bilyan poundu athawa jii. enn. piyude 81 shathamaanamaayirunnu. 1986 aayappozhekkum ithu 23 bilyan poundiladhikam-airish gnpyude 142% aayirunnu.
eee vanthothilulla pothu kadam 1980kaliludaneelam airish saambathika prakadanatthe thadassappeduthi. chaals houge (fianna fail), gaaratt fittsjerald (phine gail/laber) sarkkarukal kooduthal kadam vaangukayum aadaayanikuthi nirakkukal vethanakkaarude varumaanathinte 35 muthal 60 sathamaanam vare uyarukayum cheythu. uyarnna nikuthikalum uyarnna thozhilillaaymayum koodichernnathode kudiyettam veendum vardhikkukayum aaa dashakathil oro varshavum 40,000 perr vare raajyam vidukayum cheythu. chila sarkkarukal oru varsham polum neendunilkkaathathinaal, 18 maasathinullil moonnu thiranjeduppukalum undaayirikke, adikaarangal fianna failum phine gelum thammil marimari maari vannu.
1989 muthal saambathika parishkkaranam, nikuthi vettikkuravukal, shemaparishkaranam, malsarathile vardhanavu, nilavile chelavukalkkayi vaaypayedukkunnathinulla nirodhanam ennivayumaayi ganyamaaya nayaparamaaya mattangal undaayi. trade unionukalumaayi oru "saamoohika pankaalittha karar" undaayirunnu, athil kramena, charcha cheytha shambala vardhanavinu pakaramaayi samaram cheyyillennu unionukal sammathichu. prathipaksha phine gail pinthunayode 1989-1992 fayana failinte/purogamana janaadhipathya sarkkar aarambhicha eee nayangal thudarnnulla fayana failinte/laber sarkkarum (1992-1994) phine gail/laber party/demookratik lephtt sarkkaarukalum (1994-1997) thudarnnu. annathe sarkkar konduvanna aavashyamaaya chila saambathika nadapadikale athirkkillennu prathipaksham vaagdaanam cheythirunna tallagth straattaji ennaanu ithu ariyappettirunnath.
1990kalode airish sambadvyavastha valarchayilekku madangiyethiyenkilum aaa dashakathinte randaam pakuthi vare thozhilillaayma uyarnna nilayil thudarnnu.
"celtic tiger;" 1990kalile saambathika valarcha.
samsthaanathinte nilanilppinte bhooribhaagavum nirashaajanakamaaya saambathika prakadanamaayirunnu kaazhchavechathenkilum 1990kalode ithu lokathile athivegam valarunna sambadvyavasthakalilonnaayi maari, ithu celtic tiger ennariyappedunna oru prathibhaasamaan. laabhathin valare kuranja nikuthi (12 sathamaanam nischayichirunna korppareshan nikuthi) vaagdaanam cheythum vidyaabhyaasathil nikshepam nadatthiyum videsha nikshepam aakarshikkunnathinulla nayamaayirunnu ithile oru ghadakam-thaarathamyena kuranja vethanathil nannayi vidyaabhyaasam nediya thozhil shakti vaagdaanam cheyyukayum ippol thuranna europian vipaniyilekku praveshanam nalkukayum cheyyuka. randaamathe ghadakam trade unionukalumaayulla 'saamoohika pankaalittham' ennu vilikkunna niravadhi karaarukaliloode pothuchelavu niyanthrikkuka ennathaayirunnu-avide vyaavasaayika nadapadikalonnumillaathi pakaramaayi shambalathil kramena vardhanavu nalki. ennirunnaalum 1990kalude randaam pakuthi vare thozhilillaaymayudeyum kudiyettatthinteyum kanakkukal vipareethamaayirunnu.
21-aamm noottaand.
21-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil ireland athinte ettavum gurutharamaaya yudhaananthara prathisandhikaliloode kadannupoyi, 2008 leeii valia maandyavum 2020 maarchinum 2022 maarchinum idayil covid-19 mahamari (deltaakron hibrid veriyant ulppede), ithu sambadvyavasthaye kooduthal nasippikkukayum deseeyavum anthardesheeyavumaaya prashamsa nedukayum cheythu.
21-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil, 2000-kalil, ireland europian unionile randaamathe sambannamaaya (prathiseersha gdpyude kaaryatthil, vaangal sheshi thulyathaykkaayi krameekaricha) amgamaayi maari, europian union fandukalude motham sweekarthaavil ninnu oru nettu sambhavanakkaaranilekkum, nettu immigration sthaanathuninnu nettu immigrationilekku maari. 2005ll, janasamkhyayude 10 sathamaanam videshathu janichavarumaayi athinte "prathiseersha" jii. dii. pii (vaangal sheshi thulyathaykkaayi krameekaricha) lokathile randaamathe uyarnna (swittsarlandinu sesham) aayi maari. ekadesham 4.5 dasalaksham varunna samsthaanathe janasamkhya ekkaalatheyum uyarnna nilayilekku valarnnu.
2001 aayappozhekkum irelandinu ganyamaaya bajatt micham undaayirunnu, puthiya sahasraabdathinte aadya dashakathil adisthaana soukaryathinum saamoohika sevanangalkkumulla pothu chelavinte ganyamaaya vipuleekaranavum kandu. ithinethire, sarkkar nadathunna niravadhi vyavasaayangalum svakaaryavalkkarikkappedu-udaaharanathinu, ircom. 2002ll airish deseeya kadam gnpyude 32 shathamaanamaayirunnuvennu mathramalla 2007 vare athu kuranju.
1990 kalude madhyathil aarambhicha celtic kaduva 2001 vare kuthichuyarnnu, 2003 ll athu veendum vegatha kuranju. 2007 ll ithu veendum mandagathiyilaayi, 2008 juunil airish economic aandu soshyal research instittyoott (esri) valarcha punaraarambhikkunnathin munbu ireland hrasvamaayi maandyathilekku pookumennu pravachichu.
ennirunnaalum, 2001 muthal airish sambadvyavastha swath vpaniye valareyadhikam aashrayichirikkukayum 2008ll ithu thakarnnappol raajyathinte sambadvyavasthaye saaramaayi baadikkukayum cheythu.
airish baankukal property developermaarkkulla vaaypakalil valareyadhikam nikshepam nadathukayum property vipanikalude thakarchayudeyum anthaaraashtra 'credit prathisandhi' yudeyo videshathu ninnulla vaaypakalude varalchayudeyum falamaayi naashanashtangal neridukayum cheythu. airish sambadvyavasthayudeyum pothu dhanakaaryathinteyum bhooribhaagavum swath vipaniyeyum banking prathisandhi airish sambadvyavasthayude ellah bhaagangaleyum baadhicha athe samayat athinte thakarchayeyum aashrayichirunnu. samsthaanathinte varumanam ganyamaayi edinjuvennum ithu ardhamaakkunnu.
2008ll baankukalude kadangalude avasthayekkurichulla anumaanam eee sahacharyam kooduthal vashalakki. 2008 septambar 30nuu raajyathe ellah muthirnna banking udyogastharumaayum ratri vaiki nadatthiya koodikkazhchaykku sesham bryan kovante neethrthwathilulla airish sarkkar baankukalude ellah kadangalum nikathaan sammathichu. ippol 50 bilyan euroyil kooduthal kanakkaakkappedunna eee kadam (athil pakuthiyiladhikam anglo airish baankinu nalkum) nikuthidaayakanu kanatha bharam cheluthukayum anthaaraashtra boond vipanikalil ninnu panam kadam vaangaanulla irelandinte kazhivine saaramaayi baadikkukayum cheythu.
2000-kalil kuthane uyarnna pothuchelavu ippol susthiramallennathaanu randaamathe prashnam. 2010 desemberile motham airish bajatt kammi 93.4 bilyan dolaraayirunnu, pothu sarkkar kadam gdpyude aidi1 bilyan allengil aidi2 aayirunnu. baankukale punarujjeevippikkaan-avarude kadangal theerkkaanum veendum vaaypa nalkaan aarambikkaan mathiyaya panam nalkaanum-ethra panam aavasyamaanennu vyakthamallathathinaal anthaaraashtra vipanikal irelandile panam thaangavunna palisha nirakkil vaaypa nalkaan thayyarayilla.
euroyude 'rann' (vilppana moolyathil idivundaakkunnu) ennu bhayapetta europian yooniyante sammarddathethudarnnu, aii. emm. ephil ninnum europian yooniyanil ninnum maathram 6 sathamaanam palishaykk 85 bilyan euroyude 16 varshathe vaaypa sweekarikkaan ireland nirbandhithamaayi. vaaypayude palisanirakku uyarnnathaanennu mathramalla, karaaril paramaadhikaaratthinte apamanakaramaaya nashtavum ulppettirunnu, athil airish bajattukal aadyam europian unionile mattu paarlamentukal amgeekarikkendivannu-prathyekichu germmaniyude.
2011leeii airish pothutheranjeduppil 17 sathamaanam vottu maathram nediya party 71 seettukalil 20 ennam maathram nilanirtthiya govan sarkkaarinte pathanavum fayana failinte takarnna paraajayavumaayirunnu eee prathisandhiyude rashtreeya phalam. irelandil ninnulla kudiyettam veendum vardhikkukayum palarum saambathika bhaviyekkurichu aashankaakularaakukayum cheiyunnu. phine gail nethaavu enda kenni, bryan kovante pingamiyaayi thiranjeduppinu sesham puthiya pradhaanamanthriyaayi.
2016leeii airish pothutheranjeduppil phine gail paarlamentile ettavum valia party thudarnnenkilum seettukal nashtappettu. enda kenni rajivachathinushesham, lioo varadkar 2017 juunil puthiya pradhaanamantriyum phine gail neethaavumaayi. indian kudiyettakkaarante swavarggaanuraagiyaaya makanenna nilayil varadkarinte pashchaathalam charitraparamaaya thiranjeduppaayirunnu.
2020-nte thudakkathil, moonnu valia partykal 20 muthal 25 sathamaanam vare vottu vihitam nediya pothutheranjeduppu abhoothapoorvamaaya thrimukha malsaramaayirunnu. 38 seettukal (seane comeral ulppede) nedi fianna fail finish cheythu. siin fenn kaaryamaaya nettangal nedi; ettavum kooduthal aadya munganana vottukal nedukayum 37 seettukal nedukayum cheythu, 1970-ll aadhunika aavarthanathinu sheshamulla party ettavum mikacha falamaanithu. thaavoyiseechu lioo varaadkarinte neethrthwathilulla bharanakakshiyaya phine gail seettukalilum (35) aadya munganana vottukalilum moonnaam sthaanathethi.
oru noottaandinide aadyamaayaanu fianna failo phine gelo ettavum kooduthal vottukal nedaathathinaal irukakshi samvidaanathil ninnulla charitraparamaaya edavelayaayi anthaaraashtra warta ejansikal eee phalathe visheshippichu. koodaathe, rund parambaraagatha pradhana partykaludeyum samyojitha vottu vihitam charitraparamaaya thaazhnna nilayilekku veenu. aaa paarttikalude nethaakkal siin fenumaayi chernnu oru sakhya sarkkar roopeekarikkunnathine deerghakaalamaayi thallikkalanjirunnu.
2020 juunil, fianna failinte nethaavaaya maikkal martin puthiya airish pradhaanamanthriyaayi (tavoiseach). fianna fail, phine gail, green party enniva ulppedunna charitraparamaaya moonnu party sakhyam addeham roopeekarichu. charithratthil aadyamaayaanu fianna failum phine gelum ore sarkkaaril undaayirunnathu. muun pradhaanamantriyum phine gelinte nethaavumaaya lioo varadkar upapradhaanamanthriyaayi (thaaniste). varadkarumaayi tasthika maattunnathin munbu 2022 desember vare martin raajyathe pradhaanamanthriyaayi nayikkanaayirunnu nischayichirunnathu.
2022 desemberil varadkar thaavoseechaayi madangiyethukayum martin thaanistaayi deputy roll ettedukkukayum cheythu. sakhya karaaril, thaavoyiseechinte punk pankidaan avar audyogikamaayi sammathichirunnu.
saamoohika udaaravalkkaranam.
irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil airish samooham athivega saamoohika maattathinu vidheyamaayi. 1960kalude avasaanathil soujanya vidyaabhyaasam aarambhichathinusesham, kooduthal aalukalkk randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum thalatthilulla yogyathakal labhichu. 1960kalileyum 1970kalileyum aapekshika saambathika vijayavum kudiyettam kurachu, athaayath ireland mumbathethinekkaal cheruppavum kooduthal nagara samoohavumaayi maari. televisionteyum mattu bahujana maadhyamangaludeyum vyaapanam airish pouranmaare mumbathethinekkaal valare vishalamaaya swaadheenangalkku thurannukaatti. eee gadakangalellaam parambaraagatha rashtreeya partykaludeyum catholica sabhayudeyum samoohathinte melulla adikaaram durbalapedutthi.
1980kalode, chilar samsthaana niyamangalude udaaravalkkaranathinu ahvaanam cheythu, prathyekichu vivaahamochanam, garbhanirodhanam, swavarggalaingikatha ennivaykkulla nirodhanathekkurichulla avalokanam. ennirunnaalum, parishkaranavaadikal mathavirudharum "kudumba virudharum" aanennu aaropicha samghaditha grouppukalum avare ethirthu. aaa dashakathil saamoohika yaadhaasthithikarum pradhaanamaayum mathavibhaagangalum udaaravaadikalum thammil oru koottam hitaparisodhanayecholli kadutha abhipraayavyathyaasamundaayi.
1983-ll, life amendment prachaaranatthinaayi pracharanam nadathukayum oru hitaparisodhana vijayikkukayum cheythu, athil bharanaghadanayil garbhachhidram nirodhikkunnath vyakthamaayi ulppedunnu-ireland bharanaghadanayude ettaam bhedagathi.
1985ll kurippadi illaathe garbhanirodhana urakalum beejanaashinikalum vaangunnath niyamavidheyamaakkiyappol liberalukalkk vijayam labhichu. ennirunnaalum, 1993 vare garbhanirodhana maarggangalude vivarathinum vilppanaykkumulla ellah niyanthranangalum nirthalaakkappettu. 1986ll phine gail/laber sakhyam vivaahamochanathinulla nirodhanam neekkam cheyyaan nirddeshichu. ithine fianna failum catholica sabayum ethirkkukayum 1986 leeii bharanaghadana billinte patthaam bhedagathi oru hitaparisodhanayil paraajayappedukayum cheythu.
1992 muthal samsthaanam saamoohika yaadhaasthithikathayillaatha samsthaanamaayi mariyirikkunnu. irelandinte presidentaaya theevravaadi feminist senattar merii robinson, swavarganuraga niyama parishkaranatthinulla prachaaranatthinu neethrthwam nalkia david norris thudangiyavaraanu udaaravalkkaranathe pinthunachathu. 1993ll paarlamentinte oru niyamathiloode swavarggalaingikatha kuttakaramallathaayi.
garbhachhidrathinulla bharanaghadanaa nirodhanam 1992ll kurachukoodi laghookarikkappettu. aaa varshathe oru hitaparisodhanaykku sesham, 1992leeii bharanaghadanaa billinte panthrandaam bhedagathi amgeekarikkappettu, oru ammayude jeevan rakshikkunnathinum garbhachhidrathekkurichu vivarangal nalkunnathinum garbhachhidrathinaayi mattoru raajyathekku yaatra cheiyunnathinum garbhachhidram nadathunnathu niyamavidheyamaakki.
1995ll oru hitaparisodhanaykku sesham ireland bharanaghadanayude pathinanjaam bhedagathi vivaahamochanam niyamavidheyamaakki.
1980kalilum 1990 kalude thudakkathilum eee chodyangal republic oof irelandil aazhathil bhinnippikkunnathaayirunnu, koodaathe mathaparavum mathetharavumaaya chinthagathikkaaraaya aalukal, nagara, grama, madhyavarga, thozhilaalivarggangal thammilulla aazhathilulla saamoohika pilarppukal thurannukaattukayum cheythu. vivaahamochanam, garbhanirodhanam, swavarggalaingikatha thudangiya vishayangal palarum amgeekarikkukayum gurutharamaaya rashtreeya charchaavishayangal avasaanikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, garbhachhidram niyamavidheyamaakkunnathu vivaadamaayi thudarnnu. garbhachhidram enna vishayathekkurichulla abhipraaya sarway thelivukal sammishramaayirunnu.
2015ll ireland bharanaghadanayude muppathinaalaam bhedagathi verum 60 sathamaanathiladhikam watermar paasaakkiyappol janakeeya hitaparisodhanayiloode swavarga vivaham niyamavidheyamaakkiya lokathile aadyathe rajyamaayi ireland maari.
2018ll, garbhachhidrathinulla nirodhanam raddaakkunna oru hitaparisodhana, ireland bharanaghadanayude muppathiyaaraamathe bhedagathi pasaki. 12 aazhcha vare thiranjedukkappetta garbhachhidra paricharanam anuvadikkunnathinulla niyamanirmmanam, athinusesham niyanthranangalil aarogya (garbhachhidram niyanthrikkal) niyamam 2018 roopathil nadappaakki. garbhachhidra sevanangal 2019 januvari 1 nuu aarambhichu.
deseeya kumbakonangal.
1990kalode saamoohika udaaravalkkaranam vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappettu, kaaranam aaa dashakathile valare doshakaramaaya niravadhi apavaadangalkku kaaranam. muthirnna catholica bishappaya eemon kesi vivaahamochanam nediya oru kuttikk pithavaayenna velippeduthal oru valia prathikaranatthinu kaaranamaayi, athupole thanne oru baala peedana valayam kandethiyathum kuttavaalikal roman catholica sabhayile thangalude sthaanam upayogichu purohithanmaaraayi maari erakalilekku-prathyekichu kuprasidhamaaya pedophile pithaav brendon smith. joonn magiyum brendon komisky ulppedeyulla mattu chila bishappukal avarude roopathakalile kuttikale durupayogam cheiyunna kesukal thettayi kaikaaryam cheythathil 2002 num 2010 num idayil raajivachu.
1920 muthal 1960 vare mathethara, palli nadathunna vyaavasaayika skoolukalilum anaadhaalayangalilum kuttikalkkethire vyapakamaaya shaareerikavum laingikavumaaya durupayogam nadannittundennu 2000-kalil oru anweshanathinu sesham rayan kammeeshan velippeduthi. kudumbangalillaatthatho valare daridraraaya maathaapithaakkalullatho aaya kuttikale paarppikkunnathinaayi sthaapicha sthaapanangalaayirunnu iva. chila sandarbhangalil, eee kuttikale avarude maathaapithaakkalude pakkal ninnu neekkam cheythuvennu avakashappettu, avarude munkaala avasthayekkaal moshamaaya sthaapanangalil praveshippikkappettu.
mattu gadakangalum oru punk vahichappol, catholica sabhayile kumbakonangal airish katholikkarkkidayil palliyile hajar kuthane kurayaan kaaranamaayi. 1991ll republicile janasamkhyayude 92 sathamaanavum roman katholikkaraanennu svayam thiricharinjappol 2006 aayappozhekkum ithu 86 shathamaanamaayi kuranju. 1990ll 85 sathamaanam catholicar aazhchathorum koottamaayi pankedutthirunnuvenkilum 2008 aayappozhekkum ithu katholikkarkkidayil 43 sathamaanamaayum janasamkhyayude 40 sathamaanamaayum kuranju. (irelandile catholica laingikaathikrama vivaadavum kaanuka)
1990kalil, muthirnna raashtreeyakkaarkkethiraaya pradhana azhimathi aaropanangalekkurichu niravadhi tribunalukal anweshikkaan thudangi. 1997ll videshakaarya manthriyaayi sevanamanushticha reey barkkine 2005 januvariyil nikuthi vettipp kesil shikshichathine thudarnnu aarumaasathe thadavinu shikshichu. 1990kalude thudakkathil iraakhile pradhana bhakshya kambanikalkku, prathyekichu iraakhile pradhana bhakshya kambanikalkku aaa partic sambhavana nalkunnathinu pakaramaayi fianna fail sarkkar munganana nalkiyathaayi beef tribunal kandethi. muun tavoishi chaals houge, berty aheren ennivare swakaarya bisinasukaar thangalkk nalkia valia vyakthigatha sambhavanakal sweekarichathaayi vishadeekarikkunnathinaayi tribunalukalkku munnil konduvannu.

