grameena-nagara anupaathathilulla praathinidhyam

vishalavum janasaandrathayillaathathu pradeshangal ulppedunna kaanadayude bhoomishaasthrathinte prathyeka velluvilikale neriduka enna uddeshyathode nyayamaaya vottu canada roopakalppana cheytha oru hibrid aanupathika samvidaanamaanu flexible distrikt pr ennum vilikkappedunna rural-arban proportional representation (aarr. yuu. pii). nyayamaaya vottu canada pothuve vibhavanam cheiyunnathupole, grameena-nagara anupatha maathruka, aanupaathikathayude lakshyam samrakshikkunnathinoppam grameena, nagara pradeshangalude vyathyastha aavasyangal niravettunnathinaayi multy-memper ridingukaludeyum topp-upp seettukaludeyum upayogam samyojippikkunnu. sweeden, denmark, island enniva samanamaaya votting modalukal upayogikkunnu.
thiranjedukkuka oru hitaparisodhanayil watermar aanupathika votting samvidaanam sweekarikkaan theerumaanichirunnenkil britiish kolambiyayil sweekarikkaamaayirunna moonnu samvidaanangalil onnaayi 2018ll grameena-nagara anupaathatthinte oru pathipp nirddeshikkappettu. grameena-nagara anupaathatthinte eee pathipp nagara, ardha-nagara pradeshangalil single transferrable vottum (ezz. tii. vii) graamapradesangalil mixed-memper proportional praathinidyavum (emm. emm. pii) upayogichittundaakum.
kaanadayil munbu upayogichirunna oru sameepanam ulppeduthunnathinaayi bii. siyude 2018 leeii thiranjeduppu parishkarana hitaparisodhanayil nirddeshichittulla eaka aanupathika votting samvidaanamaanu grameena-nagara aanupathika votting samvidaanam. 30 varshathekku niyamanirmmaanasabhayile (emm. ell. eiii. ezz) pravishya amgangale thiranjedukkaan alberta manitobayum pradhana nagarangalil ezz. tii. vii. yum graamapradesangalil single memper ridingukalum upayogichu.
ithinakam thanne ganyamaaya bhoomishaasthraparamaaya valippamulla chila ridingukalulla canada polulla oru rajyath, grameena-nagara anupaathathil graamapradesangalil cheria multy-memper ridingukal srishtikkaan allengil chila single-memper ridingukal nilanirthaan polum anuvadikkunnu. janasandrata kooduthalulla pradeshangalil, ithu watermark thiranjedukkaan kooduthal sthaanaarthikale nalkukayum swatantrar ulppede vividha paarttikalil ninno kazhchappadil ninno thiranjedukkappetta niravadhi prathinidhikalude praathinidhyam urappakkukayum cheiyunnu. kaimaattam cheyyaavunna otta vottinu keezhil rank cheytha baalat upayogikkunnathu watermark avarude mungananakal mattenthinekkaalum poornnamaayum prakadippikkaan anuvadikkunnu.
pashchaathalam.
2016 juulai 7 nuu thiranjeduppu parishkaranathekkurichulla house oof koomans special kammittiyil muun mukhya thiranjeduppu officer jeane-piyari kingsley nalkia nirddeshathinu marupadiyaayaanu grameena-nagara anupaathathil roopakalpana cheythath. nagarapradeshangalil 4 muthal 5 vare prathinidhikalude aanupathika multy-memper ridingukal nadathaanulla ashayam addeham nirddeshichu.
kaanadayil nirddishta upayogam.
britiish kolambiyayil (bii. sii.) sweekarikkenda moonnu pr samvidaanangalil onnaayi grameena-nagara anupaathatthinte oru pathipp nirddeshikkappettu, pravishyayile 2018 leeii hitaparisodhanayil watermar aanupathika votting samvidaanam sweekarikkaan theerumaanichirunnu. bii. siyude 2018 leeii thiranjeduppu parishkarana hitaparisodhanayil munbu kaanadayil upayogichirunna aanupathika votting samvidaanam ulppeduthunnathinaayi nirddeshicha eaka aanupathika votting samvidaanamaayirunnu ithha 1920 muthal 1950 vare 30 varshathekku alberta maanitobayum pradhana nagarangalil bahu-anga ezz. tii. vii. upayogichu niyamanirmmaanasabhayile (emm. ell. eiii. ezz) pravishya amgangale thiranjedutthu. eee sameepanam ezz. tii. vii upayogicha nagarangalil aanupathika phalangal nalki, pakshe graamapradesangalil allah, ezz. tii. vii. yude aanupaathikamallaatha eaka-anga thulyamaaya, thalkshana-ranf votting (aii. aarr. vii), single-memper ridingukalil upayogichu. thalphalamaayi, motham seettukalude valiyoru bhagam grameena seettukalaayathinaal, eee sanbradaayathinu keezhilulla mothatthilulla thiranjeduppu phalangal aanupaathikamaayirunnilla. bii. sii. yill nirddeshichathupole grameena-nagara anupaathathil rund thiranjeduppu samvidaanangalude samanamaaya samyojanam undayirunnirikkumenkume graamapradesangalil mishra-anga anupaathathil upayogikkum, ithu pravishyayiludaneelam aanupathika phalangal urappakkum.
mattu aanupathika samvidaanangalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyuka.
yadhaarthathil nyayamaaya vottu canada vibhavanam cheythathupole, grameena-nagara anupaathathinu emm. emm. pii. yeei apekshichu kurachu topp-upp seettukal ulppeduthendathundu, kaaranam multy-memper ridingukalude upayogathil thudakkathil kooduthal aanupaathikamaaya adithara ulppedum. emm. emm. pii. kku 40 sathamaanam seettukalkku pakaram, <aii. dii. 1> topp-upp seettukal maathrame aavashyamulloo ennu kanakkaakkappedunnu.
bisi hitaparisodhanayil grameena-nagara anupatha oopshan ulppeduthunnathu britiish kolambiyayileyum mattu canadian adhikaaraparidhiyileyum muun hitaparisodhanayil ninnu padicha paadangale prathifalippikkunnu, prathyekichu aanupaathikatha kaivarikkunnathinu vishalamaaya grameena ridingukal aavasyamulla munbu nirddeshikkappetta samvidaanangalekkurichulla aashankakalumaayi bandhappett.
roopakalppanayum pravartthanavum.
bii. sii. yill vibhavanam cheythathupole grameena-nagara pr aanupathika praathinidhyam nedunnathinulla rund thiranjeduppu oopshanukalude sankarayinamaanu ezz. tii. vii, emm. emm. pii. nagarapradeshangal thiranjeduppinaayi kaimaattam cheyyaavunna otta vottu upayogikkum, graamapradeshangal mishra-anga anupatha samvidaanam upayogikkum.
ezz. tii. vii. upayogichu nagara, ardha nagara pradeshangalil, nilavilulla nagara ridingukal orumichu chernnu multy-memper ridingukal roopeekarikkukayum saadhaaranayaayi rank cheytha baalat upayogichu 3 muthal 7 vare emlmare thiranjedukkukayum cheyyum. thiranjedukkappedunna sthaanaarthikal eee valia, multy-memper ridingukalil vottarmaarude janakeeya vottu prathifalippikkum. onniladhikam sthaanaarthikalkku mungananakal rank cheyyaan vottarmaare anuvadikkunnathiloode rank cheytha baalattinte upayogam uyarnna thothilulla vottar thiranjeduppine anuvadikkunnu. nagara, ardha nagara watermark ithu grameena-nagara anupaathathe bisi-estivic valare samanamaakkunnu.
emm. emm. pii. upayogichu grameena ridingukalil, watermark rund vottukal undaakum onnu avarude praadeshika emm. ell. eiii. thiranjedukkaan, mattonn grameena mekhalayile mothatthilulla phalangalude aanupaathikatha urappakkaan oru praadeshika emm. ell. eiii. thiranjedukkaan upayogikkum. baalattile avarude aadya vottu nilavile phastt-paast-dhii-poost (eftipi) thiranjeduppu sanbradaayathinte athe reethiyil oru praadeshika mla thiranjedukkaan upayogikkum ettavum kooduthal vottukal labhikkuna sthaanaarthiye thiranjedukkum. randaamathe vottu onnukil oru ooppan listt allengil clossed listt samvidaanathil upayogikkum, athil watermar praadeshika thalatthil thangale prathinideekarikkaan oru sthaanaarthiyeyo party thiranjedukkunnu. ennirunnaalum, thuranna pattikaykku maathrame nadappakkaan yadhaartha saadhyathayundaakoo ennu prathekshikkunnu. aadyakaala thiranjeduppukalude falamaayundaakunna aanupaathikathayude abhavam kanakkileduthu grameena praadeshika pradeshangalil mothatthilulla aanupaathikatha kaivarikkunnathinu eee praadeshika maalukal "topp-appukalaayi" upayogikkunnu. praadeshika party pattikakal upayogichaanu topp-upp emlmare thiranjedukkuka. thiranjedukkuka thiranjeduppu parishkarana hitaparisodhanayil nirddeshikkappetta moonnu thiranjeduppu samvidaanangalil onninum keezhil oru pradeshathinum radying nashtappedillennu prathijnjaabadhathayundu.
pinthuna.
2016 leeii thiranjeduppu parishkaranathekkurichulla prathyeka paarlamentari samithikk samarppichappol canada amgeekaricha moonnu "maid-inn-canada" samvidaanangalil onnaanu grameena-nagara aanupathika samvidaanam. emm. emm. pii, ezz. tii. vii ennivayaayirunnu mattu randennam. bii. sii. yude nyayamaaya votting grameena-nagara anupaathathinu aanupathika votting samvidaanangalude scorecardil ettavum uyarnna ranking nalki. 2016ll federal thalatthil thiranjeduppu parishkaranathekkurichulla federal gavanmentinte koodiyaalochanayil, kaanadayile puthiya demookratik party kaanadayile green party canada rup allengil emm. emm. pii. sweekarikkaan shupaarsha cheythu.

