
pourak

samana enangalil ninnu verthirichariyaan saadhaarana pourak ennum vilikkappedunna pourak (naiktidromas albicolis)-naiktidromas janussile rund pakshikalil onnaaya naitjaar inamaanu. puthiya lokathile uposhnamekhalaa, ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalil ithu prajananam nadathunnu, vadakkan pakshikal ozhike ithu varsham muzhuvanum vasikkunnu.
vargeekaranam.
1789ll jarmman prakrithishaasthranjanaaya johann friedrich jimelin kaal linneyasinte "sistamaa nature" yude parishkarichathum vipuleekarichathumaaya pathippil pourakkine aupachaarikamaayi vivarichu. addeham "capremulgus" janussile matellaa naitjaarukalkkoppam ithu sthaapikkukayum "capremulgus albicolis" enna binomial peru srishtikkukayum cheythu. 1783ll engleesh pakshishaasthranjanaaya joonn laatham thante "pakshikalude pothuvaaya sangraham" enna grandhatthil vivaricha "velutha thondayulla aadu" yeei adisthaanamaakkiyaanu jimelin thante vivaranam nalkiyathu. franch gayanayile keynil ninnu vannathayi karuthappedunna landanile oru samrakshitha maathruka laatham parishodhichirunnu. 1838ll engleesh pakshishaasthranjanaaya joonn gauldu avatharippicha "naiktidromas" janussil pouraakku ippol anthoniyude naitjaarinoppam sthaapichittundu. rathrikaala" allengil "ratri" ennartham varunna purathana greak "nukthi-" ennathum "-razer" ennartham varunna "-dromos" ennathum eee janussinte peru samyojippikkunnu. albicolis" enna prathyeka namam "velutha" ennartham varunna laattin "albus" enna padavum "-kazhuthu" ennartham varunna aadhunika laattin "-collis" enna padavum samyojippikkunnu.
pakshiyude nilaviliyil ninnulla oru onomattopoyiya aayirikkam "pourak" enna pothuvaaya peru.
aarr upajaathikal thiricharinjittundu
vivaranam.
idatharam valippamulla eee naitjaarinu neelavum rund varnna morphukalumundu, thoovalukalkk chaaraniram-thavitt allengil rufus-thavitt niramaan. neelamulla vaalulla ithinu vishalamaaya vrithaakrithiyilulla chirakukalundu. buff 'iring', 'fasial stripe' enniva mukhatthinte chuvanna vashangalumayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu.
muthirnna aann pourakkinu chirakukalkk sameepam velutha band puram wall thoovalukal pradhaanamaayum veluthathumaanu. penpakshiyude chirakukalude baand idungiyathum puram vaalile vella kooduthal niyanthrithavumaan. valippathilum chaaraniratthilum vyathyasamulla pourakkinte ezhu upajaathikalund.
purusha pourakkinte gaanam valare vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, pakshe athil oru visilulla "weave veeyo" ("huu-aarr-yuu"), mriduvaaya "puk pukk", sthreek chuttum parakkumbol pranayabandhathil nalkunna oru "vipp" enniva ulppedunnu. avalude kooll "vipp" shabdangalude drutha thudarchayaanu.
vitharanavum paristhithiyum.
saadhaarana pourakkinte prajnana paridhi thekkan texas muthal thaazhnna parana nadeethada mekhala vare vyaapichukidakkunnu. yuu. eiii. oo aanenkilum bhooribhaagam janasamkhyayum varsham muzhuvanum thaamasikkunnavaraanu.ezz. breedermar ("enn. eiii. merrilly ") kizhakkan meksikkoyil shaithyakaalam aakam.
athinte shreniyude thekke attathu, upajaathikal "enn. eiii. derbianus madhya, thekkan brazeel muthal boleeviyayude sameepa pradeshangal vareyum parague vazhi arjanteena, urugue ennividangalilekkum vyaapichukidakkunnu. thekke attathulla pakshikal polum deshaadanamillaathavayaanenna thonnumenkilum athinte paridhiyil eee inam paachili aayi maathrame vitharanam cheyyappedunnulloo. udaaharanathinu, entre reos pravisyayil (arjanteena) ithu prajananam nadathunnathaayi rekhappeduthiyittil, koodaathe rioo grande doow sall (brazeel) ll ithu viralamaan; athupole thanne urugvaayilum ithinte saannidhyathekkurich valare kurachu maathrame ariyoo, kuchilla dii mangrulo mekhalayile yaagvaron nadiyude theerathu kurachu valippathilulla janasamkhya kaanapedunnu ennathozhike.
thuranna vanapradeshangalilum pulmedukalilum mathramalla, kuttichedikalilum vilavayilum ithu kaanapedunnu. eee inathinu neelamulla kaalukalundu (naitjaar maanadandangal anusarichu), koodaathe athinte mikka bandhukkaleyum apekshichu kooduthal bhoumamaanu. thadassappettaal, athu chilappol parakkunnathinupakaram oodukayum palappozhum rodukalilum tracukalilum nilakollukayum cheyyum. pothuve, raathriyil vettayaadaan idathoornna sasyangal olippichirikkunna edangalum-athaayath, vanapradeshangal-pakal samayathum, athupole thanne thuranna bhooprakrithiyum-orupakshe nadikaloo thanneerthadangalo polum-nalkunna mishrita aavaasavyavasthayaanu ithu eshtappedunnathu. mattu naitjaarukaleppole pouraaku raathrikaalamaan, sandhyaasamayath parakkaan thudangunnu. athinte bandhukkaleyum pole, parakkunna samayat pidikkappedunna praanikale, saadhaaranayaayi thaazhnna perchil ninnu parannu pidikkunnathiloodeyum, thuranna nilathu meyikkunnathiloodeyum ithu bhakshikkunnu.
koodundakkunnilla; neelamullathum deerghavrithaakrithiyilullathu pink niratthilulla rund muttakal verum nilatthilo ila maalinyathilo vaykkunnu. chilappol oru mutta maathram idunnu. 
aagolathalathil bheeshaniyillaatha ithu iucn ettavum kuranja aashankayulla oru inamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. manushyarude aavaasavyavasthayude aswasthathakal nannayi sahikkaan kazhiyunna oru anuyojyamaaya inamaayathinaal, parimithamaaya vananasheekaranathil ninnu pourak yadhaarthathil prayojanam nediyittundu. maramvettal pakshikalkk kooduthal kaaryakshamamaayi vettayaadaan kazhiyunna thaazhnnathum dvitheeyavumaaya valarchayude pradeshangal srishtikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithu theerchayaayum valareyadhikam nirmmichatho vyakthamaayatho aaya pradeshangal upekshikkum, koodaathe, eee keedangal daaraalamulla pradeshangalil ninnu aprathyakshamaakunna kaattupannikaludeyum poochakaludeyum vettayaadalinu ithu valare durbalamaanu.

