
nanaykkunna ghadakam

oru audiyo sisttathil, damping ghadakam uchabhaashini (saadhaaranayaayi anumaanikkappedunna) yude rettucheytha impedensinteyum power amplifierinte uravida impedensinteyum anupatham nalkunnu. uchabhaashini impedansinte vyaapthi maathrame upayogikkunnulloo, koodaathe power amplifier outtputtu impedence poornnamaayum prathirodhikkunnathaanenna anumaanikkappedunnu.
saadhaarana soolid stettilum tube amplifierukalilum, damping ghadakam freekwansiyude pravartthanamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu. soolid stettu amplifierukalil, damping gadakathinu saadhaaranayaayi kuranja aavruthikalil paramavadhi moolyamundu, uyarnna aavruthikalil ithu kramena kurayunnu. valathuvashathulla chithram rund amplifierukalude damping ghadakam kaanikkunnu. onnu soolid stettu amplifier (luxman ell-509yuu), mattonn tube amplifier (rogg atlas). eee rund tharatthilulla amplifierukalude savisheshathakalulla eee phalangal tube amplifierukalkku saadhaaranayaayi aadhunika soolid stettu amplifierukale apekshichu valare kuranja damping gadakangalundenna vastutha vyakthamaakkunnu, ithu abhikaamyamallaatha swabhaavamaanu.
kanakkukoottal.
uravida impedencil (uchabhaashini kaanunnu) connecting cable impedence ulppedunnu. looad impedence formula _ 1 umm sozhs impedence formula _ 2 umm surcuted diagramil kaanichirikkunnu.
damping factor formula _ 3 ithaanu
formula _ 4
formula _ 2-nulla pariharam
soothravaakyam _ 6
vishadeekaranam.
clossed-boxes, acoostic suspension laudu speaker sisttathinte kshaya samayathilum freekwansi-dependent prathikarana vyathiyanangalilum amplifier damping faaktarinte falangalekkurichu piers vishakalanam nadatthi. 10 nuu mukalilulla eathoru damping gadakavum ananthathaykku thulyamaaya damping gadakavum thammilulla kelkkaanaavaatha vyathyaasangalkk kaaranamaakumenn phalangal soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, amplifierinte outtputtu resistans kaaranam uchabhaashakathinte prathikaranatthile aavruthi-ashrita vyathiyaanam sisttam dampingile falangalekkaal valare praadhaanyamarhikkunnathaanum nirnnayichu. rund vyathyastha samvidaanangal moolamaanu eee efakttukal undaakunnath ennathinaal eee efakttukale damping efakttukalumaayi aashayakkuzhappathilaakkathinum pradhaanamaan. 50 ll kooduthalulla oru damping ghadakam kelkkaavunna mechappeduthalukalilka nayikkillenn kanakkukoottalukal soochippikkunnu, matellaa kaaryangalum thulyamaanu.
audiyo power amplifierukale sambandhichidatholam, eee sozhs impedence formula _ 2 saadhaaranayaayi driver voys koyilinte kazhchappadil short sarkyoottin sameepamaan.
uchabhaashakathinte formula _ 1-nte naamamaatra looad impedence (inputt impedence) saadhaaranayaayi chuttumund, ennirunnaalum mattu impedence speakerukal labhyamaan, chilappol athra kuravaanu. ennirunnaalum, oru uchabhaashakathinte impedence rating ennathu aaa uchabhaashakathinte pravartthana aavruthi shreniyude oru praathinidhya bhaagatthinte naamamaathramaaya minimum impedencine soochippikkunna oru samkhyayaanu. mikka uchabhashakalkkum aavruthi anusarichu ganyamaayi vyathyaasappedunna oru impedence undennu ormmikkendathundu. oru dynamic laudu speaker drivere sambandhichidatholam, driverude free-eyar resonance freekwansiyil impedencile oru peak undu, ithu naamamaatra rettucheytha impedensinekkaal ganyamaayi kooduthalaayirikkum. koodaathe, voys-koyil windinginte inductance uyarnna freekwansikalil vardhichuvarunna impedensilekku nayikkunnu, koodaathe crosswor netvarkkukal multy-way laudu speaker sisttangalil kooduthal impedence vyathiyanangal avatharippikkunnu. impedencile eee vyathiyaanam amplifierinte damping gadakathinte moolyam oru laudu speaker impedence lodumaayi bandhippikkumbol aavruthiyanusarichu vyathyaasappedaan kaaranamaakunnu.
uchabhaashini samvidaanangalil, oru prathyeka uchabhashinikkum oru prathyeka amplifierinum edayilulla damping gadakathinte moolyam speaker sisttathinte anuranana aavruthiykku sameepam speaker koninte abhikaamyamallaatha chalanam niyantrikkaanulla amplifierinte kazhivine vivarikkunnu. diaphrum neekkunna sakthikal srishtikkaan kanthika motor upayogikkunna electrodynamic drivermaarude kaaryatthil, kuranja freekwansi driver swabhaavathinte pashchaathalatthilaanu ithu saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnathu.
speaker diaphramukalkku pindamundu, avayude kamplayint suspension gadakangalkku kaadinyamundu. iva orumichu oru anuranaa samvidaanam roopappeduthunnu, koodaathe mechanical koonn anurananm vaidyutha signalukalaal aaveshabharithamaayekkaam (udha.jii. pulsukal) audiyo freekwansiyil. ennaal voys koyilulla oru driver oru karant janarettaraan, kaaranam ithinu konilum suspensionilum oru koyil gadippichirikkunnu, aaa koyil oru kaanthikakshethrathil muzhukunnu. koyil undaakkunna oro chalanathinum, amplifier polulla vaidyuthiyil gadippichirikkunna upakaranangal kaanavunna oru vaidyuthadhaara srishtikkum. vaasthavathil, amplifierinte outtputtu sarkyoottayirikkum "voys koyil karant janarettarile" pradhana electrical looad. aaa looad kuranja prathirodham undengil, karant valuthayirikkum, koodaathe voys koyil kooduthal shakthamayi mandagathiyilaakkaan nirbandhithamaakum. uyarnna damping ghadakam (amplifier aouttputtil kuranja outtputtu impedence aavasyamaanu) speakerinte mechanical resonance moolamundaakunna anaavashya koonn chalanangale valare vegathil thaazhthunnu, ithu voys koyil chalanatthile "breakinu" thulyamaayi pravartthikkunnu (oru rottari electrical janarettarinte terminalukaliludaneelam oru short surcuted cheiyunnathu pole tirikkaan valare budhimuttaakkum). mikacha nilavaaramulla shabdathinu sambhavana cheiyumennu vishwasikkappedunnathil voys koyil chalanatthinte karsanamaaya niyanthranam abhikaamyamaanennu pothuve (saarvathrikamallenkilum) karuthappedunnu.
oru amplifierile uyarnna damping ghadakam chilappol speaker koninte chalanatthil amplifierinu kooduthal niyanthranam undaakunnathin kaaranamaakumenn kanakkaakkappedunnu, prathyekichu driverude mechanical resonancinte resonant freakwensick sameepamulla baas mekhalayil. ennirunnaalum, eathenkilum prathyeka aavruthiyile damping ghadakam vyathyaasappedum, kaaranam driver voys koyilukal sankeernamaaya impedensukalaanu, avayude moolyangal aavruthi anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu. koodaathe, oro voys koyilinteyum vaidyutha savisheshathakal thaapanilaykkanusarichu maarum; uyarnna power levelukal voys koyilinte thaapanila vardhippikkum, angane prathirodham vardhikkum. avasaanamaayi, amplifierinum speaker drivermaarkkumidayilulla nishkriya crossworukal (thaarathamyena valia inductorukal, kappaasittarukal, resistarukal enniva upayogichu nirmmicha) aavarthanasheshi anusarichu vyathyaasappedunna reethiyil damping gadakatheyum badhikkunnu.
damping surcuted.
chalikkunna voys koyil srishtikkunna volteju moonnu prathirodhangaliloode vaidyuthadhaaraye prerippikkunnu
voys koyil prathirodhatthinte prabhavam.
vaidyuthaparamaayi nedaan kazhiyunna dampinginte alavu parimithappeduthunnathinu pradhana gadakamaanithu, kaaranam athinte moolyam outtputtu transformer upayogikkaatha oru amplifierinte outtputtu sarkyoottile mattethoru resistansinekkaalum valuthaanu (saadhaaranayaayi 4 num 8 num idayil ennu karuthuka) (maas maarkkattile mikkavarum ellah soolid-stettu amplifierukalum).
oru uchabhaashinikku flyback karant amplifier outtputtu sarkyoottiloode mathramalla, uchabhaashinikku thanne ullile prathirodhatthiloodeyum illaathaakunnu. athinaal, vyathyastha uchabhaashakalude thiranjeduppu ore amplifierumaayi samyojippikkumbol vyathyastha damping gadakangalilekku nayikkum.
cable prathirodhatthinte prabhavam.
speaker kebilukalude prathirodham damping gadakathe oru paridhivare badhikkunnu. speaker kebilukalude prathirodham kooduthalaanengil, damping ghadakam kurayum.
amplifier outtputtu impedence.
valachodikkal niyantrikkaan thaarathamyena uyarnna thothilulla negatteevu feedback upayogikkunna aadhunika soolid stettu amplifierukalkku valare kuranja outtputtu impedensukalundu-feedback upayogikkunnathinte niravadhi anantharafalangalil onnu-ithinakam kuranja moolyathilulla cheria mattangal mothatthilulla damping gadakathe oru cheria alavil maathram maattunnu, athinaal valare kuravaanu.
athinaal, uyarnna damping ghadaka moolyangal oru sisttathinte gunanilavaarathekkurichu svayam kooduthalonnum parayunnilla; mikka aadhunika amplifierukalkkum avayundu, ennirunnaalum gunanilavaarathil vyathyaasamund.
vaakvam-tube amplifierukalkku saadhaaranayaayi feedback anupathangal valare kuravaanu, eathu saahacharyathilum ellaayppozhum outtputtu transformerukal undu, athu outtputtu impedence ethra kuravaayirikkumennu parimithappedutthunnu. pala audiophylukalum tube amplifierukal eshtappedunnathinte oru kaaranam avayude kuranja damping gadakangalaanu. kooduthal munnott pookumbool, chila tube amplifierukal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu negatteevu feedback illaatha tharatthilaanu.
praayogikamaayi.
negatteevu feedbaakkukalulla saadhaarana aadhunika soolid-stettu amplifierukalkku uyarnna damping gadakangal undu, saadhaaranayaayi 50 nuu mukalilum chilappol 150 nuu mukalilum. uyarnna damping gadakangal oru uchabhaashini "ringukal" (oru oorjja avesham prayogichathinu sesham anaavashya hraswakaala aandolanathinu vidheyamaakunnu) kuraykkunnu, ennaal 20-ll kooduthal damping gadakangal eee kaaryatthil ethratholam sahaayikkunnuvenn eluppathil athishayokthiparamaan; kaaryamaaya phalapradamaaya aantharika prathirodhavum cross-ovar netvarkkukalilum speaker kebilukalilum chila prathirodhavum prathikaranavum undaakum. pazhaya amplifierukalum aadhunika triode kuranja negatteevu feedbakkulla soolid-stettu amplifierukalum polum unityodu aduthu allengil onnil thaazhe polum damping gadakangal undaakum.
oru amplifierile damping gadakathinte uyarnna moolyangal uchabhaashini-amplifier kompineshan mikachathaakkanamennillenum, uyarnna damping ghadakam abhikaamyamallaatha adhika aavruthi prathikarana vyathiyaanangalude theevratha kuraykkaan sahayikkum. valathuvashathulla chithram aaa amplifier oru simulated laudu speaker impedence lodumaayi bandhippikkumbol amplifierinte freekwansi prathikaranatthil damping faaktarinte swaadheenam kaanikkunnu. eee looad mithamaaya demandullathaanengilum vipaniyil uyarnna fidility uchabhaashakalil saadhaaranamalla, ithu atkinsan nirddeshicha sarkyoottine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. "steeriyophail" amplifier damping gadakathinte praadhaanyam thirichariyukayum simulated laudu speaker lodinte upayogam avarude amplifierukalude alavukalude pathiv bhaagamaayi maattukayum cheythu. ekadesham, mithamaaya (100) damping gadakamulla oru amplifier kuranja (20) damping gadakamullathum thammilulla yadhaartha jeevita vyathyasam ekadesham 0.37 db aanu. ennirunnaalum, kuranja damping gadakamulla amplifier mithamaaya damping gadakamulla amplifierinekkaal graphik equaliser poleyaanu pravartthikkunnathu.
vividha amplifier freekwansi response karvukalil ninnu kuranja damping factor moolyangal niravadhi freekwansi baandukalile amplifierinte freekwansi prathikaranatthil kaaryamaaya maattangalkk kaaranamaakunnuvenn vyakthamaan. ithu kelkkaan saadhyathayulla vishalamaaya shabda niratthinu kaaranamakum. koodaathe, aavruthi prathikarana mattangal amplifierumaayi bandhippichirikkunna eathu uchabhaashini yude aavruthi-ashrita impedencine ashrayichirikkum. athinaal, uyarnna fidility shabda punarulpadana samvidaanangalil, aaa amplifierukal saadhaarana multy-way laudu speaker impedence lodukalumaayi bandhippikkumbol krithyamaaya shabda punarnirmmaanam aavashyamaanenkil mithamayathum uyarnnathumaaya damping gadakangalulla amplifierukalaanu munganana.
nelson paas polulla chila amplifier designermar, kuranja electrical dampingiloode uchabhaashakalkk shabdam kelkkaan kazhiyumennu avakaashappedunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu saankethika yogyathayekkaal shrothaakkalude mungananaykku kaaranamakaam. oru kuranja damping ghadakam uchabhaashakathinte baas prathikaranam niravadhi decibelukalaal vardhippikkaan sahayikkunnu (avide speakerinte impedence paramavadhi aayirikkum), ithu muzhuvan audiyo shrenikkum orotta speaker maathrame upayogikkunnulloovenkil upayogapradamaakum. athinaal, chila amplifierukal, prathyekichu 1950,1960,1970 ennee varshangalile vinteju amplifierukal, damping ghadakam vyathyaasappeduthunnathu niyanthranangal avatharippikkunnu. atharam baas "mechappeduthal" chila shrothaakkalkk ishtappettekkaamenkilum, athu inputt signalinte valachodikkaline prathinidheekarikkunnu.
damping niyanthranamulla oru vinteju amplifierinte oru udaaharanam acuface iii-202 aanu, athinte udamayude maanuvalil ninnu inipparayunna bhagam vivarikkunna moonnu-position switch undu
ithinu vipareethamaayi, aadhunika hye-fidility amplificationil, baas signal verthirikkukayum oru samarppita amplifier upayogichu athu vardhippikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu pravanatha. palappozhum, baas punarnirmmaanathinulla amplifierukal powered subwafire ennariyappedunna konfigareshanaaya speaker kaabinattumaayi samyojippichirikkunnu. bassinaayi oru samarppita amplifier ulppedunna oru topologyil, pradhana amplifierinte damping ghadakam athra prasakthamalla, koodaathe aaa amplifier speakerumaayum kaabinattumaayum oru unitaayi samyojippichittundel baas amplifierinte gadakavum aprasakthamaan, kaaranam aaa gadakangalellaam orumichu roopakalppana cheyyukayum baas punarnirmmaanatthinaayi opttimais cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
gitaar amplifierukalilum damping oru aashankayaan (niyantritha valachodikkal abhikaamyamaaya oru aaplikkeshan) koodaathe kuranja damping mikachathaayirikkum. niravadhi gitaar amplifierukalkku damping niyanthranangalund, eee savisheshatha ulppeduthaanulla pravanatha 1990kall muthal vardhichuvarikayaanu. udaaharanathinu, marshell vaalvestettu 8008 raakk-mounded steeriyo amplifierinu "leanier", "vaalvestettu" modukalkkidayil oru switch undu
ithu yadhaarthathil negatteevu karant feedbaakkine adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru damping niyanthranamaan, ithu skeemattiksil ninnu vyakthamaan, avide athe switch "outtputtu power modam karant/volteju" ennu label cheythirikkunnu. vaalvestettu" mooad negatteevu karant feedback avatharippikkunnu, ithu outtputtu impedence uyarthukayum damping factor kuraykkukayum freekwansi prathikaranatthil maattam varuthukayum cheiyunnu, tube amplifieril sambhavikkunnath pole thanne.

