
black hills gold rush

amerikkayile dakota pradeshathaanu black hills gold rush nadannathu. 1874ll kasttar paryaveshanathetthudarnnu aarambhicha ithu aii. dii. 1ll ettavum uyarnna nilayiletthi.
karutha kunnukalile svarnnathekkurichulla kimvadanthikalum mosham rekhappeduthiya reportukalum pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilethaanu. 1860kalil roman catholica missionary father dii smett karutha kunnukalil ninnaan swarnam konduvannathennu avar paranja seox indiakkaar swarnam vahikkunnath kandathayi reportund.
gold rushinu munbu, karutha kunnukal thaddesheeya amerikkakkar upayogichirunnu (praadhamikamaayi seoxinte baandukal, ennaal mattullavayum eee pradeshathudaneelam vyaapichirunnu). 1868-leeii larami udambadiyiloode american aikyanaadukalile sarkkar karutha kunnukale seoxinte bhaagamaanenn amgeekarichu. thaddesheeya american pradeshathinakathaanenkilum, athinaal paridhiyillaathathinaal, karutha kunnukalude swarnna khananam saadhyamaakkunnathil vellakkaraaya amerikkakkaarkk kooduthal thaalpparyamundaayirunnu.
1874ll thekkan dakottayile innathe kasttarinu sameepam anweshakar swarnam kandethiyenkilum nikshepam cheruthaayirunnu. 1875 novemberil deadwood galchinte valia placer swarnna nikshepangal kandethi, 1876 ll aayirakkanakkin swarnna anweshakar puthiya pattanamaya deadwootylake ozhuki, athu ippozhum thaddesheeya american bhoopradeshathinakathaayirunnu.
1887ll thoon kallu ennariyappettirunna svarnnathinte kandethal karutha kunnukalile aadyathe swarnna kandethalinte kathaye chodyam cheythu. lui thoon lukktt parvathatthinte charivukalil kandethiya eee kallu 1833 ll (vellakkaar niyamavum udambadiyum vazhi eee pradeshathu praveshikkunnathu nirodhichirunna samayat) karutha kunnukalil praveshicha mattu aaruperodoppam ezra tharatthilulla avasana thelivaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, 1834 juunil "njangalkk kondupokaan kazhiyunna ellah svarnnavum labhichu", thudarnnu "uyarnna kunninu appurathu indiakkaar avare konnu". ente thokkum onnum nashtappedaathe thinnukayum indiakkaar enne vettayaadukayum cheytha" oraal thante katha manalkkallil kothivaykkaan samayamedukkumennu thonnunnillengilum, eesra tharatthilulla partic sthireekarikkunna charitraparamaaya thelivukalundu.
khanithozhilaalikalil palarum kansaasil ninnu misauri nadiyilekku varikayum oduvil avide thirichethukayum cheythu.
charithram.
black hills gold rush 1874 ll aarambhichu. bhoomi seoxinte udamasthathayilaanengilum eee pradeshathu swarnam undenna reportukal anweshikkaan jorjju amstrong kasttarinte neethrthwathilulla 1,000 purushanmaarude oru senayaayirunnu aadyam athiyathu. innathe kasttar, southu dakkottayil cheria alavil swarnam kandethiya avar mikacha shambalamulla sthalangal thedi. avar vadakkott neengi, malayora nagaram, sheriden, pactola ennee pattanangal sthaapichu.
oro sthalathum avar svarnnathinte koottangal kandethi, pakshe avar anweshicha bonanza allah. vadakkan karutha kunnukalile deadwood, vaitt wood aruvikalkkidayil khanithozhilaalikal idari veenappol karyangal maari. aadyakaala kandethalukaare sambandhichidatholam, bhoomiyude oro eettayum svarnnathil oru yadhaartha bhagyam velippeduthi.
1876 aayappozhekkum khanithozhilaalikal aruvikalkku chuttumulla muzhuvan bhoomiyum avakaashappettirunnu. muzhuvan bhoomiyum avakaashappettirunnuvel, oru sthalam nashtamaayenn pratheekshichukondu aayirakkanakkin aalukal koodi. khanithozhilaalikal kandethiya svarnnam paarakalumayi kalarthiyathum ozhukkinu chuttumulla mannum ayanja swarnna kashanangalumaayirunnu.
eee placer svarnnam haard-roock nikshepangalil ninnu illaathaayennu mikka nalla anweshakarkkum ariyamaayirunnu. palarum ippozhum maramkondulla thirakkil aayirikkumbol, mattullavar placer svarnnathinte uravidamaaya kadinamaaya paara nikshepangalkkaayi thiranju. 1876 epril 9 nuu fred, moses maanuval, hank harney, alex engg ennivar southu dakottayile ledinu sameepam oru swarnna puranthallal kandethi; avar thangalude kandethal avakaashappedukayum athinu homstekku ennu peridukayum cheythu. deadwood kreekkile placer svarnnam kshayicha pradesham avar kandethiyirunnu. adutha 125 varshathinullil lokathile swarnna vitharanathinte 10 sathamaanavum purushanmaar ivide uthppaadippichu. kooduthal anweshakar mattoru "homstekku" kandethumennu pratheekshichathinaal avar thirayunnath thudarnnu, pakshe homstekku khani savisheshamaayirunnu.
thozhilaallikal paara thakarth swarnam vidukayum guruthwaakarshana reethikalil swarnam kendreekarikkukayum thudarnnu svarnnavumaayi layikkunnatho kalarthunnatho aaya merkuriyilekku saandrata thurannukaattukayum cheythu. khanithozhilaalikal itharathilulla swarnna verthirichedukkal free milling ennu vilikkunnu. karutha kunnukalil mattevideyengilum svarnnam nilavilundaayirunnuvena athu free-millinginu anuyojyamaaya avasthayilaayirunnilla. eee saahacharyangalil, svarnnam raasaparamaayi paarayumaayi bandhippichirikkukayum athu neekkam cheyyaan valare budhimuttaavukayum cheythu. ithine refractory gold ayiru ennu vilichirunnu. varshangalolam, karutha kunnukalile eaka pradhana swarnna khaniyaayi homstekku pravarthichu. 1890kalil chlorisation urukalum refractory ayiril ninnu swarnam neekkam cheyyaan kazhiyunna rund reethikalaayi kaanapettu. eee kandethal kaaranam ledinum deadwoodin chuttum kooduthal paara khanana mekhalakal thurannu.
swarnna thirakkinidayil, oro holilum 300,000 dollar vare vilamathikkunna vilayeriya lohathinte valia alavu cheyenne, vyomingilekku kondupookunna "trusher kochukal" rooad ejantumaarkku priyappetta lakshyamaayi maari. 1878 septambar 26 nuu vaikunneram 3 maniyode deadwoodin 35 mile thekkulla kaanyon springs steshanil avasaanamaayi rekhappeduthappetta hold-upp nadannu. moshtaakkal stebalmaane bandhippikkukayum adaykkukayum marakkattakalkidayilulla villalukaliloode thokkukal upayogichu stebal mathilil varivariyayi nilkkukayum cheythu. coach steshane sameepichappol, nirasharaayavar vediyuthirthu. oru kaavalkkaaran kollappedukayum rund kaavalkkaarkk parikkelkkukayum cheythu. cheef gaard oru valia pine maratthinu pinnil olichu, kollakkarumaayi kurachu shottukal kaimari, coach upekshikkukayaanenkil avane pookaan sammathikkaan avare prerippichu. addeham poya sesham, kuttavaalikal drivere kochinte oru chakratthil kettukayum sledge hammer vediyundayum upayogichu saphe thurakkukayum kolla vibhajikkukayum vividha dishakalilekku pookukayum cheythu. pradeshathe pouranmaare unarthi vettayaadal samghadippikkukayum steju kambani 2,500 dollar paaritoshikam vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. niravadhi prathikal aalkkoottakkola cheyyappedukayum mattullavar vividha kesukalil vichaaranavelayil shikshikkappedukayum pakuthiyiladhikam swarnam oduvil kandedukkukayum cheythu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
black hills gold rush echu. bii. oo seerees "deadwood" nte pashchaathalamaanu.

