
vilumayile onnaam marcus jovakin dii laa pesuvela

peruvian swaathanthryasamarasamayath oru spanish sainika udyogasthanum peruvinte viceroy aayirunnu jovakvin gonsaalas dii laa pesuvela grina vaii sanches dii aragon munos dii velasco, villumayude aadya markwess, (meyy 21,1761-1830).
pashchaathalam.
santhanderil ninnulla oru hidalgo kudumbathilaanu pesuvela janichathu. segovia peeranki collegil addeham chernnu. sainyathil addeham jibraltar uparodhathilum pinneedu 1793lum 1794lum gipuscoyilum nawareyilum franchukaarkkethire poraadi. 1805ll alto peruvil (ippol bolivia) sainyathinte thalavanayi amerikkayilekku pooyi.
avide ninnu addeham peruvilekku pooyi, viceroi jose fernando dii abascal vaii susa addehathinu rajakeeya peerankikalude directory ennu perittu. peerankikalude aadhunikavalkkaranathinum saankethika vashangalkkum oonnal nalkikkond addeham peerankikale punasamghadippichu. 1813ll addeham brigadieraayi sthaanakkayattam nedi.
peruvinte viceroi.
thekke amerikkayile spanish kireedatthinte prathirodhakkaranaaya pesuvela kalapakaarikalodu poraadi. 1813 october 19nuu wilkapugio yudhathilum 1813 november 14nuu ayohuma yudhathilum (innathe boleeviyayil) addeham maanuval belgrano paraajayappeduthi. eee vijayangalkk sesham addeham thekkott munneri, 1814 meyy 27 nuu jujuy (vadakkan arjanteena) nagarangalum 1814 juulai 25 nuu salta nagarangalum kaivashappedutthi. ennirunnaalum, general martin migwal dii gumesinte gauchosinte thudarchayaaya peedanatthe thudarnnu pinmaran addeham nirbandhithanaayi. oru valia yuddham polum nadathaathe jujuvilekkulla thirichuvaravil addehathinu 1,200 pere nashtappettu.
1815-ll addeham jose rondovumaayi poraadi, addehathe addeham saip-saipp allengil villuma yudhathil paraajayappeduthi. 1815 november 29nuu alto peruvile kochabambaikku sameepamaan eee yuddham nadannathu. spanish american swaathanthryasamarangalil kalaapakaarikal neritta ettavum gurutharamaaya paraajayangalilonnayi ithu parayappedunnu. kalaapakaarikalkk 2,000 aalukalum avarude ellah peerankikalum nashtappettu.
addehathinte vijayathin, 1816-ll pesuvela lefttanant generalayi sthaanakkayattam nalkukayum "markwess dii villuma" enna padavi nalkukayum cheythu. 1815 october 15-leeii rajakeeya utharavanusarichu, abascalinu pakaramaayi addehathe peruvinte idakkaala vaisroyiyaayi niyamichu. adutha varsham addeham peruvinte kyapttan generalum aayi.
1819ll thomas kokreyninte schwadron addehathe kallaavoyil akramikkukayum thuramukhathu ninnu palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu.
attimariyum nirdeshavum.
viceroi dii laa pesuvela addehathinte second inn kamaandaaya lefttanant general jose dii laa serna thammilulla bandham athivegam vashalayi, kaaranam dii laa pesuvela oru samboornnavaadiyum dii laa serna oru liberalumaayirunnu. oduvil dii laa serna spainilekku viramikkaan commandle ninnu mochippikkaan aavasyappettu. 1819 meyy maasathil anumathi labikkukayum septambaril dii laa serna general jose kaantaraakkin sainyathinte command raajivaykkukayum cheythu. dii laa sernaik limayil pakshapaathikalundaayirunnu, avide athiyappol chiliyil ninnulla general jose dii saan maarttinte bhishaniye neridaan avar peruvil thudaraan anukoolamaayi prakadanam nadatthi. deey laa serna lefttanant generalayi sthaanakkayattam nalkaanum addehathe oru yudhasamithiyude presidentaayi niyamikkaanum deey laa pesuvela sammathichu.
1820 septambar 8 nuu saan martin piscoyil ethi. rahasya charchakaliloode, saan maarttinte munnettatthil ninnu thalasthaanathe samrakshikkunnathinaayi asnaapukviyoyil othukoodiya sainyathinte commander-inn-cheefaayi dii laa serna niyamichu. chankeyilekku march cheyyaan viceroi addehathodu utharavittu. 1821 januvari 29nuu dii laa sernayude pakshikalaaya campile principal officermaar dii laa sernayude pakshathu ninnu raajivaykkaan viceroi dii laa pesuvelayodu apekshichu. deey laa pesuvela visammathikkukayum kalaapathe keezhadakkaan deey laa sernaik utharavidukayum cheythuvenkilum deey laa sernaik athu cheyyaan kazhiyillennu avakashappettu. thante adikaaram baashpeekarikkappedunnathu kanda viceroi athe divasam vaikunneram executive adikaaram kaimari. pinneedu, eee attimariyude phalangal spain amgeekarichu.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
1825ll pesuvela spainilekku madangiyethi, avide addeham puthiya kaasttilinte kyapttan janaralaayirunnu. 1830-ll addeham madridil vachu marichu. addehathinte mootha makan villumayude randaamathe marcus maanuval dii laa pesuvela randaamathe makan juvan dii laa pesuvela vaii sevallos aayirunnu. addehathinte anantharavan maanuval dii laa pesuvela vaii lobo-cabrilla, oru yaadhaasthithika raashtreeyakkaaranum spanish manthrisabhayil naavikasenayudeyum vaanijyathinteyum mantriyum pinneedu senattarumaayirunnu. naavikasena manthriyenna nilayil addeham samudrathil pookunna torpido ganbot enna ashayam vikasippichu. thalphalamaayi, naavika udyogasthanaaya fernando villamil 1885 ll brittanil nirmmichathum aadhunika distroyarukalude munnodiyumaaya samudrathilekkulla torpido ganbot "distructor" enna ashayam aavishkarichu. aisak peraalinte electric power antarvaahini padhathikkulla fundinum addeham amgeekaaram nalki, ithu itharathilulla aadyathethaanu.

