
nettu ware

noval incorporation vikasippichedutha oru nirthalaakkiya computer network operating sistamaanu netware. ipx network protocol upayogichu oru pezhsanal computeril vividha sevanangal pravarthippikkaan ithu thudakkathil sahakarana multitasking upayogichu. 
1983-leeii yadhaartha netware uthppannam sii. pii/emm, emm. ezz-doses enniva pravarthippikkunna klayantukale pinthunaykkukayum oru propraittari staar network topologyil pravartthikkukayum motorola 68000 prosessor upayogichu oru noval-biltt phayal serverine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. kambani taamasiyaathe swantham hardware nirmikkunnathil ninnu maari, nettu ware hardware-swathanthramaayi maari, anuyojyamaaya intal adhishtitha ibm pisi anuyojyamaaya sisttathil pravartthikkukayum vaividhyamaarnna network cardukal upayogikkaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. thudakkam muthal nettu ware athinte athiraalikalude uthppannangalil labhyamallaatha mainframe, miinii computer sisttangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond niravadhi savisheshathakal nadappilaakki.
1991-ll, nowell avarude server-kendreekritha nettu veyarumaayi bandhamillaattha dosinum windosin vendi vilakuranja piyar-tuu-piyar networking uthppannangal avatharippichu. iva nettu ware laitt 1 (enn. dablyu. ell), pinneedu 1993-ll pezhsanal nettu ware 1 (pii. enn. dablyu) ennivayaanu.
1993-ll, iso x.500 aashayangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla aagola directory sevanamaaya netware directory sevanangal (ends, pinneedu edirectory ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu) pathipp 4 avatharippichappol pradhana netware uthppanna nira naadakeeyamaaya oru vazhithirivu srishtichu (aarr varshathinu sesham, microsopht sajeeva directory puratthirakki). directory sevanathodoppam oru puthiya iii-meyil samvidaanam (group thirichulla), aaplikkeshan konfigareshan suit (senvarkkukal), suraksha uthppannam (boarder maanejar) ennivayellaam valia samrambhangalude aavasyangal lakshyamittaayirunnu.
ennirunnaalum, 2000 aayappozhekkum, microsopht novalinte upabhokthru adithara kooduthal ettedukkukayum linux kerneline adisthaanamaakkiyulla bhaaviyilekku novalukal kooduthal nokkukayum cheythu. nettu veyarinte pingamiyaaya 2005 maarchil purathirangiya "ooppan enterprise server" (oes), munbu nettu ware 6.5 hosttucheythirunna ellah sevanangalum vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, ennaal oru suus linux enterprise serveril; nettu ware kernel 2011 avasaanathode oes 11 vare oru oopshanaayi thudarnnu.
2009 meyy maasatthile pathipp 6.5sp8 aayirunnu avasana update release; nettu ware ippol novalinte uthppanna pattikayil illa. nettu ware <aii. dii. 1> pothu pinthuna 2010-ll avasaanichu; vipuleekritha pinthuna 2015 avasaanam vare labhyamaayirunnu, 2017 avasaanam vare svayam pinthuna labhyamaayirunnu. pakaram vaykkunnathu ooppan enterprise serveraanu.
charithram.
valare lalithamaaya oru aashayathil ninnaan nettu ware parinamichatha disk pankidunnathinu pakaram phayal pankidal. vyakthigatha fayalukalude thalatthil axus niyanthrikkunnathiloode, muzhuvan discukalkkum pakaram, fayalukal loock cheyyaanum mikacha axus niyanthranam nadappilakkaanum kazhiyum. 1983ll nettu veyarinte aadya pathippukal uthbhavichappol, matellaa malsaraadhishtitha uthppannangalum pankitta nerittulla disk axus nalkuka enna ashayathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu. nettu ware uthppannathe prolsaahippikkaan sahaayicha 1984-ll ibm novalinte badal sameepanam saadhookarichu.
logical volyangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol netware "volyangal" enna roopathil nowell netware disk space pankidunnu. oru praadeshika drive aksharathe oru nettu ware voliyathilekku "mapp" cheyyaan anuvadikkunna oru prathyeka terminate aandu stey residant (tsr) prograam pravarthippikkunna klayant varkksteshanukal pravarthippikkunnu. volyangal mapp cheyyaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi klayantukal oru serverilekku loggin cheiyunnu, koodaathe loggin naamamanusarichu axus niyantrikkaam. athupole, avarkk samarppita print serverile pankitta printarukalumaayi bandhippikkanum printar praadeshikamaayi bandhippichirikkunnathu print cheyyaanum kazhiyum.
1990kalude avasaanathode, internettu connectivity kuthichuyarnnathode, internettinte tcp/aipi protocol lainukalil aadhipathyam pulartthi. pradhaanamaayum eftipi sevanangalum unix-stail elpr/elpidi printing (netware 3. x-ll labhyamaan), oru noval vikasippicha web server (netware 4. x-ll) ulppedunna netware 3. x (), 4. x () ennivayil nowell parimithamaaya tcp/aipi pinthuna avatharippichirunnu. netveyarumaayi saadhaaranayaayi bandhappettirikkunna klayant phayal, print sevanangal ennivaykkulla native tcp/aipi pinthuna netware 5.0-ll avatharippichu (1998-ll puratthirangi). nilavilulla nettu ware parithasthithiyude aii. pii. excil ninnu aii. pii. yilekkulla parivartthanam eluppamaakkaan uddeshichulla, tcp/aipiyil aii. pii. ex ulkkollunna, enn. vii. aii. pii enna hraswakaala uthppannavum undaayirunnu.
1980kalude thudakkam muthal pakuthi vare microsopht malsarikkunna enbf protocoline adisthaanamaakki laan maanejaril svanthamaayi laan samvidaanam avatharippichu. nettu veyarumaayi malsarikkaanulla aadyakaala sramangal parajayappettu, ennaal varkkgrooppukalkkaayul vindosil mechappetta networking pinthuna ulppeduthiyathiloode ithu maari, thudarnnu vijayakaramaya windos enn. tii. yum windos 95. enn. tii. yum nettu veyarinte sevanangalude oru upa settu vaagdaanam cheythu, pakshe oru desktoppilum upayogikkaan kazhiyunna oru sisttathil, lamba samyojanam kaaranam oru moonnaam kakshi klayantinte aavashyamillaayirunnu.
aadyakaala varshangal.
superset softweyarinte consulting joliyil ninnaan netware uthbhavichath, suhruthukkal sthaapicha oru group mejar, dayle neebor, kail powell, pinneedu maarkk harst enniva varachu. 1981 octoberil aarambhicha uttayile provoyile brigam yang yooniversittiyile avarude klaas varkkil ninnaan eee kruthi uthbhavichath.
1981ll reymond noorda superset teaminte joliyil earppettu. akkaalat vilppana nadanna puthiya motorola 68000 adisthaanamaakkiyulla hardware network cheyyaan sahaayikkunnathin oru sii. pii/emm disk pankidal samvidaanam srishtikkaan teamine aadyam niyogichirunnu. aadyathe ezz-nettu sii. pii/emm-68keey adisthaanamaakkiyullathum haard disk pankidunnathumaanu. 1983ll, sii. pii/emm oru vinashakaramaaya plaattfomaanennu teaminu svakaaryamaayi bodhyappedukayum pakaram puthuthayi avatharippicha aii. bii. emm-anuyojyamaaya computerinaayi vijayakaramaya phayal pankidal samvidaanam konduvarikayum cheythu. avar snips enna tekst-mooad geyim enna application ezhuthukayum puthiya network pareekshikkaanum athinte kazhivukal prakadippikkaanum ithu upayogikkukayum cheythu. oru vaanijya pezhsanal computerinaayi ezhuthiya aadyathe network aaplikkeshanaanu snippukal [network snippukalkk 'enna peril' nasnippukal '], koodaathe "doom", "bhookambam" thudangiya niravadhi janapriya multiplayer geyimukalude mungaamikalilonnayi ithu amgeekarikkappedunnu.
aadyam sharenet allengil ezz-nettu ennu vilikkapetta eee network operating systethe (nose) pinneedu nowell nettu ware ennu vilichirunnu. netware serverilekku abhyarthanakal ayaykkaanum prathikaranangal sweekarikkaanum oru klayantine prapthamaakkunna paakkat adhishtitha protocolaaya netware coor protocoline (encp) adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu netware. thudakkathil, encp nerittu ipx/ezz. pii. ex protocolumaayi bandhippichirunnu, nettu ware ipx/ezz. pii. ex maathram upayogichu thaddesheeyamaayi ashayavinimayam nadatthi.
netware namam vahikkunna aadyathe uthppannam 1983-ll puratthirangi. yadhaartha ulppannamaaya "netware 68" (ezz-nettu ennu vilikkunnu), novalinte udamasthathayilulla 68000 adisthaanamaakkiyulla phayal server hardwareil pravartthikkukayum oru staar network topology upayogikkukayum cheythu. servarinaayi parambaraagatha intal 8086 adisthaanamaakkiyulla pisikal upayogikkaan kazhiyunna "nettu ware 86" pinneedu ithumaayi chernnu. 1985ll ithu maatti noothana netware 86 upayogichu, ithu ore netvarkkil onniladhikam serverukale anuvadichu. 1986ll, intal 80286 prosessor labhyamayathinushesham, noval noothana netware 286 puratthirakki. rund pathippukal vilppanaykku vaagdaanam cheythu; adisthaana pathipp else aii, koodaathe mechappeduthiya pathipp else II aayi vittu. *els * ennaal "entry level sisttam" ennaanu.
nettu ware 286 2. x.
1986ll puratthirakkiya noothana netware pathipp 2. x, annathe puthiya 80286 sipiyuvinayi ezhuthiyathaanu. 80286 cpuvil 16 eimbi raam vare axus nalkunna oru puthiya 16-bitt protected mode multy-taskingine sahayikkunnathinulla puthiya samvidaanangalum undu. (80286 nuu munbu, pisi cpu serverukal intal 8088/8086 8-/ 16-bitt prosessorukal upayogichirunnu, avaa 1 emm. aii. bii vilasa sthalathu parimithappedutthiyirikku, 640 kibble koodaattha nerittulla raam.) uyarnna 16 emm. aii. bii raam paridhi, 80286 prosessor feature utilisation, 256 emm. bii nettu ware vooliyam paridhi ennivayude samyojanam (akkaalat anuvadicha 32 emm. bii. yumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol) vishwasaneeyavum chelavu kuranjathumaaya server adisthaanamaakkiyulla local eriya netvarkkukal aadyamaayi nirmmikkaan anuvadichu. 16 emm. aii. bii raam paridhi prathyekichum pradhanamaayirunnu, kaaranam ithu disk kaashe cheiyunnathinu prakadanam ganyamaayi mechappeduthunnathinna mathiyaya raam labhyamaakkunnu. valia netvarkkukal nirmmikkaan anuvadikkumbol ithu novalinte prakadanatthinte thacol aayi maari.
oru supradhana naveekaranatthil, netware 286 hardware-swathanthramaanu, malsarikkunna network server sisttangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. intal 80286 cpu ulla eathu brand sisttavum, eathenkilum emfm, rll, estii allengil essii haard drive, nettu ware driverukal labhyamaya eathenkilum 8-allengil 16-bitt network adapter enniva upayogichu noval serverukal kootticherkkaan kazhiyum-koodaathe 18 vyathyastha nirmmaathaakkalude network cardukal lonchinte samayat pinthunaychirunnu.
serverinu naalu network cardukal vare pinthunaykkaan kazhiyum, iva aarknet, tokkan ring, itharnettu thudangiya saankethikavidyakalude misrithamaayirikkum. konfigareshanum linking aavasyamulla compile cheytha object modyoolukalude oru koottamaayaanu operating sisttam nalkiyirikkunnath. operating sisttathil enthengilum maattam varuthiyaal kernel veendum bandhippikkendathundu. instaaleshan comp surf enna emfm haard drivukalkkaayi oru propraittari loow-level formet prograaminte upayogavum aavasyamaanu.
netware 2. x upayogikkunna phayal sisttam netware phayal sisttam 286, allengil enn. dablyu. eph. ezz 286 aanu, ithu 256 emm. bii vare volyangale pinthunaykkunnu. netware 286 80286 samrakshitha mooad thirichariyunnu, 80286 oode raaminte netveyarinte pinthuna 1 emm. aii. bii. ll ninnu poornnamaaya 16 emm. aii. bii. vilaasathilekku vyaapippikkunnu. operating sisttam aarambhikkunnathin kuranjathu 2 emm. aii. bii aavasyamaanu; kozhuppu, ditt, phayal kaashe cheiyunnathinaayi eathenkilum adhika raam upayogikkunnu. 80286-lum thudarnnulla ellah intal x86 prosessorukalilum 16-bitt protected mooad nadappilakkiyathinaal, netware 286 pathipp 2. x 80286 allengil athinusheshamulla anuyojyamaaya prosessorukalil pravartthikkum.
akkaalathe mattu operating sisttangalil labhyamallaatha mainframe, miinii computer sisttangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond netware 2. x niravadhi savisheshathakal nadappilaakkunnu. sisttam folt tolerance (sft)" savisheshathakalil oonn-dhii-fly baad block ree-mappinginoppam (akkaalat, discukalil aaa savisheshatha ittittilla) staanderd reed-oof-raitt verification (sft-aii), software raid 1 (disk mirroring, sft-3) enniva ulppedunnu. transaction tracking sisttam (tii. tii. ezz) fayalukale apoornnamaaya apdettukalil ninnu aichhikamaayi samrakshikkunnu. orotta fayalukalkku, ithinu oru phayal attribute maathrame sajjeekarikkendathulloo. onniladhikam fayalukaliloodeyulla edapaadukalum niyantritha roll baakkukalum tii. tii. ezz. eiii. pii. aii. yilek prograaming cheiyunnathiloode saadhyamaan.
nettu ware 286 2. x-nuu saadhaaranayaayi serverayi pravartthikkaan oru samarppita computer aavasyamaanu, avide server operating sisttam phayal execute cheiyunnathinu oru boot loderaayi maathram doses upayogikkunnu. ellah memory nettu veyarilekk neekkivachirikkunnu; serveril oru dose pravarthichilla. ennirunnaalum, vilabodhamulla upabhokthakkalkkaayi oru "samarppithamallaatha" pathipum labhyamaayirunnu. ithil, doses 3.3 allengil athil kooduthal memmariyilum, doses, nettu ware prograamukalkkidayila prosessor time-sliceukalilum avasheshikkunnu, ithu server computerine oresamayam oru network phayal servera upayokthru varkksteshanaayum upayogikkaan anuvadikkunnu. ellah extended memory (1 emm. bii. kku mukalilulla raam) nettu veyarilekk anuvadichirikkunnathil, doses 640 kibble maathram parimithappedutthiyirikku; 80386 nte emmu upayogicha extended memory maanejarmaarum emm386 polulla uyarnna prosessorukalum pravarthikkunnilla; ennirunnaalum, samarppita plug-inn kaardukalil 8086-stail extended memory saadhyamaan. keyboard interapt upayogichaanu time sliesing poortthiyaakkunnathu, ithinu ibm pisi design model karsanamaayi paalikkendathundu, allengil prakadanatthe badhikkum.
nettu ware 286-nte aadyakaala pathippukalil server licensing oru qee card upayogichaanu poortthiyaakkunnathu. 8-bitt aisa basinaayi roopakalppana cheytha qee cardinu oru roome chippil encode cheytha seeriyal nambar undu. seeriyal nambar serveril pravartthikkunna nettu ware softweyarinte seeriyal nambarumaayi poruthappedanam. hardware adithara vipuleekarikkunnathin, prathyekichu ibm mca buzz upayogikkunna mesheenukalilekku, netware 2. x-nte pilkkala pathippukalkk qee card aavasyamilla; qee cardukalkku pakaram serialised licenses floppy discukal upayogikkunnu.
licensing saadhaaranayaayi 100 upayokthaakkalkkaan, ennaal mattu rund pathippukalum labhyamaayirunnu. 1987ll aadyam 5-upayokthaavum 1988ll 8-upayokthaav 2.12-umm.
nettu ware 3. x.
nettu veyarinte 3. x shreni oru pradhana chuvaduveppaayirunnu. 1990ll pathipp 3-ll aarambhicha ithu 1991ll 3.10,3.11 ennee pathippukal vegathil pinthudarnnu.
32-bitt protected modinulla pinthunayaayirunnu oru pradhana savisheshatha, nettu ware 286-nte 16 emm. aii. bii memory paridhi illaathaakkukayum valia haard driveukale pinthunaykkaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu (nettu ware 3. x muzhuvan phayal alokkeshan table directory entry table mechappetta prakadanatthinaayi memmariyilekku kaashe cheythathinaal).
netware pathipp 3. x instaal cheiyunnathum valare lalithamaayirunnu, netware looad cheyyaavunna module (enlm) ennu vilikkunna software moduleukal nalkunna disk, network pinthuna startappilo aavasyamullappozho looad cheythu. aanti-vairas software, backup software, daattaabes, web serverukal thudangiya pravartthanangalum enlmmukalkku cherkkaan kazhiyum. neenda fayalnaamangalkkulla pinthunayum oru enlm nalkiyirunnu.
nettu ware 3. x-nettu ware phayal sisttam 386, allengil enn. dablyu. eph. ezz 386, oru puthiya phayal sisttam avatharippichu, ithu vooliyam sheshi (1 tibi, 4 jibi fayalukal) ganyamaayi vardhippikkukayum onniladhikam physical disk driveukalil vyaapichukidakkunna 16 vooliyam segmentukal vare kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. server upayogathilaayirikkum vooliyam segmentukal cherkkanum vooliyam gadippikkaanum kazhiyum, ithu oru serverine thadassamillaathe vipuleekarikkaan anuvadikkunnu.
nettu ware 386 3. x ll ellah enlmukalum "ring 0" ennariyappedunna prosessor memory samrakshanathinte ore thalatthil serveril pravartthikkunnu. ithu saadhyamaaya ettavum mikacha prakadanam nalki, memory pariraksha illaathathinaal ithu vishwaasyatha thyagam cheythu, koodaathe nettu ware 3. x oru sahakarana multitasking model upayogichu, athaayath kernalinu pathivayi nalkaan oru enlm aavasyamaanu. eee rund kaaranangalal moshamaayi perumaarunna enlm marakamaaya (abend) pishakin kaaranamakum.
kansol adhishtitha yoottilittikal upayogichu nettu ware kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu thudarnnu.
pathipp 3. x-ll, noval avarude moonnaam kakshi vendarmaarumaayi anuyojyatha parisodhanayude kaadinyam vardhippikkukayum 1992 octoberil avarude certification prograam naveekarikkukayum rund thalatthilulla sahakarana maarkkatting prograam anaavaranam cheyyukayum cheythu. aadya nira noval wendermark oru anuyojyatha maarganirddesha pusthakam, enchiniyaring support lineukal, svayam parisodhana upakaranangal, parimithamaaya maarkkatting vibhavangal enniva adangiya oru paakkej nalki, randaamathethu "athe, ithu nettu ware upayogichu pravartthikkunnu" ennu parayunna logo upayogichu uthppannangal prolsaahippikkunnathi licenses ulppede-ellaam soujanyavum vendarmaarude vivechanaadhikaarathil pinthudarukayum cheythu. randaam niraykku 7,000 dollar ottathavana apeksha phees aavashyamaayirunnu, ennaal logoyude bailain pakaram kooduthal aathmavishwaasathode "athe, ithu nettu ware pareekshikkukayum amgeekarikkukayum cheythu", koodaathe nowell laabukal oonn-lokkeshan parisodhana ulppede pankaalikalkk kooduthal vipulamaaya pinthuna nalki. thudakkathil amerikkayil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunna eee paripadi adutha varsham yunaittad kingdatthil aarambhichu.
kurachukaalathekku, portable netware ennu vilikkunna netware 3-nte oem pathipum noval vipananam cheythu, hevlettu-paccard, deck, daatta general thudangiya oemmukalkkoppam, avar avarude unix operating systengalkku mukalil pravarthippikkaan noval sozhs coode portt cheythu. portable nettu ware nannayi vittupoyilla.
nettu ware 3. x nilavilullappol, nettu ware ezz. eph. tii-IIIi enna peril nowell athinte aadyathe uyarnna labhyatha clustering sisttam avatharippichu, ithu oru logical serverine oru prathyeka physical mesheenilekku poornnamaayum prathifalippikkaan anuvadichu. oru shared-nothing klasttaraayi nadappilaakkiya ezz. eph. tii-iiiaiykku keezhil oesu yukthisahamaayi interapt-drivend "aii/oo enchin", ivant-drivend oesu coor enningane vibhajichu. aii/oo enchinukal avayude thadassangal (disk, network muthalaayava) serialise cheythu.) oru samyojitha ivant streamilake, athu oru vegathayeriya (saadhaaranayaayi 100 embitt/seey) inter-server link vazhi sisttam enchinte rund samana pakarppukalkk nalki. munkoor swabhaavam illaathathinaal, nirnnaayakamallaatha aii/oo neekkam cheytha oesu coor oru valia parimithamaaya avastha yanthram pole nirnnaayakamaayi pravartthikkunnu. sariyaaya pravartthanam urappakkunnathinaayi rund sisttam enchinukalude aouttputtukal thaarathamyam cheyyukayum rund pakarppukal aii/oo enchinukalilekku thirike nalkukayum cheythu. koril nilavilulla ezz. eph. tii-3 software raid pravartthanam upayogichu, prathyeka hardware illaathe rund mesheenukalkkidayil discukal prathifalippikkaan kazhiyum. server-tuu-server link anuvadikkunnidatholam rund mesheenukalum verthirikkaam. oru server allengil disk parajayappettaal, athijeevichirikkunna serverinu klayant sessionukal oru cheria edavelaykku sesham suthaaryamaayi ettedukkaan kazhiyum, kaaranam athinu poornnamaaya avastha vivarangal undaayirunnu. smp hardware upayogikkaan kazhiyunna aadyathe netware pathippaanu sft-III-aii-aii/oo enchin oopshanalaayi athinte swantham cpuvil pravarthippikkaan kazhiyum. nettu ware ezz. eph. tii-III, pala tharatthil athinte kaalathekkaal munpilaayi, oru sammishra vijayamayirunnu.
netware 3 upayogichu mechappetta ruting protocolaaya netware link sevana protocol avatharippichu, ithu ruting information protocolinekkaal mikacha skeyilukalum valia netvarkkukal nirmmikkaan anuvadikkunnu.
nettu ware 4. x.
1993-leeii pathipp 4 nettu ware directory sevanangal avatharippichu, pinneedu x.500 adisthaanamaakki noval directory sevanangal (enn. dii. ezz) ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu, ithu binderic pakaram oru aagola directory sevanam nalki, athil infrastructure vivarikkukayum kaikaaryam cheyyukayum cheythu. koodaathe, ends oru extensible schema nalki, ithu puthiya object tharangal avatharippikkan anuvadikkunnu. directory trea gadanayile eathu serverilekkum praveshanam niyantrikkaan ithu orotta upayokthru praamaaneekaranatthe anuvadichu. athinaal upayokthaakkalkk avar thamasikkunna serveril enthuthanneyaayaalum network resourceukal axus cheyyaan kazhiyum, ennirunnaalum upayokthru licenses kanakkukal ippozhum vyakthigatha servarukalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. (vankida samrambhangalkk avarude motham upayokthru ennam novaline ooditt cheyyaan anuvadikkukayaanenkil avarkk oro serverinum paridhiyillaattha upayokthaakkal nalkunna oru licenses model thiranjedukkaam.)
phayal sisttam thalatthil sutharyamaaya compression, rsa public/praivat encryption thudangi niravadhi upayogapradamaaya upakaranangalum savisheshathakalum pathipp 4 avatharippichu.
nettu ware asinkranas sarveesas interface (naasi) aayirunnu mattoru puthiya savisheshatha. modamukal polulla onniladhikam seeriyal upakaranangalude network pankidal ithu anuvadichu. modamukalum analog phoon lainukalum ekeekarikkaan kambanikale anuvadikkunna oru doses allengil windos driver vazhiyaan klayant portt redirection sambhavichathu.
oesu/2-nulla nettu ware.
1988 ll thanne vaagdaanam cheytha microsopht-ibm sahakaranm ippozhum thudarukayum oesu/2 1. ex ippozhum oru 16-bitt uthppannamaayirikkukayum cheythappol, ibm microsophtum verpirinjathinushesham oesu/2 2 32-bitt, pree-emptive multitasking, multithreading oesu aayi maarunnathuvare uthppannam vaanijyaparamaayi labhyamayilla.
1993 augustode, noval athinte "nettu ware phoor oesu/2" nte aadya pathipp puratthirakki. eee aadya pathipp oesu/2 2.1 (1993) neey adisthaana oesu aayi pinthunachu, upayokthaakkal aadyam ibm oesu/2 vaangukayum instaal cheyyukayum thudarnnu nettu ware 4.01 vaangukayum thudarnnu oesu/2 ulppannathinaayi nettu ware instaal cheyyukayum venam. 200 dollarinaan ithu vittath.
1995 aayappozhekkum, oru desktop klayant enna nilayilum oru laan server (oesu/2 warp server) enna nilayilum ibminte 32-bitt oesu/2 warp oesu-nulla puthukkiya maarkkatting sammarddathode, oesu/2-nulla nettu veyarinu kurachu nalla pras kavarej labhikkaan thudangi. "oesu/2"-nulla netware 4.1 ibminte 32-bitt kernelinum network staakkinum mukalil novalinte network staakkum server modyoolukalum pravarthippikkaan anuvadichu. ithu adisthaanaparamaayi nettu ware 4. x aayirunnu, ithu oesu/2 nuu mukalil oru sevanamaayi pravartthikkunnu. ithu moonnaam kakshi klayant, server yoottilittikal, nettu ware looad cheyyaavunna moduleukal ennivayumaayi poruthappedunnu.
ibminte 32-bitt oesu/2 ll netbiyos, ipx/spx, tcp/aipi pinthuna enniva ulppettathinaal, ithinartham sisadminukalkku ettavum janapriyamaaya moonnu network staakkukalum orotta boxil pravarthippikkaanum oesu/2 boxes oru varkksteshanaayi upayogikkaanum kazhiyum ennaanu. sisttathil oesu/2 ennathinaayulla nettu ware, oesu/2 ennathumaayi paridhiyillathe pankittu. klayant server survival guide vithu oesu/2" enna pusthakam ithine "oesu/2 sisttathile ellah vibhavangalum swanthamaanennu chinthikkaan parishkkarikkappedaathu nettu ware 4. x server prograamine anuvadikkunna gloo coode" ennu visheshippichu. oesu/2 nuu mukalil pravartthikkunna oru nettu ware serverinu bair mettal hardwareiloode pravartthikkunna nettu veyaril 5 muthal 10 sathamaanam vare overhead maathrame neridendi vannulloovennum athesamayam oesu/2-nte pree-emptive multitasking, object ooriyantad jii enniva nedukayum cheythuvennum ithu avakashappettu.
1998 vare oesu/2-nulla bugfixukalum nettu veyarilekkulla apdettukalum noval purathirakkunnathu thudarnnu.
thanthraparamaaya thettukal.
nettu ware 286 2. x, 3. x ennivayumaayulla novalinte thanthram valare vijayakaramaanennu thelinju; windos enty servarinte varavinu munbu, computer adhishtitha servarukalkkaayi noval 90 sathamaanam vipani avakashappettu.
nettu ware 3. x-nteyum pinneedu nettu ware server fayalukal looad cheiyunnathinaayi oru doses partition ulppettappol; saankethika irakkumathi kuravaayirikke (nettu ware memmariyilekku looad cheyyukayum execution athilekku maattukayum cheyyuka; pinneedulla pathippukalil, ramil ninnu doses anloducheyyaan kazhiyum), eee savisheshatha oru maarkkatting baadhyathayaayi maari. koodaathe, windos graaphikkal interfacinu vyapakamaaya sveekaaryatha labhichappol nettu ware kansol tekst adhishtithamaayi thudarnnu. server phayal oru nowell paartteeshanil instaal cheyyukayum bootable doses partition srishtikkaathe nowell paartteeshanil ninnu boot cheyyaan serverine anuvadikkukayum cheytha netware 286-nte roopakalppana nilanirthikkondu novelinu eee saankethika badhyatha illaathaakkaamaayirunnu. nettu ware 6.5-nulla oru support paaykkil noval oduvil ithinu pinthuna chertthu.
thudakkathil tii. sii. pii/aii. pii. kku pakaram aii. pii. ex/ezz. pii. ex upayogichirunnathinaal, 1995ll internettu prayojanappedutthaan avar moshamaayi nilakondu. ithu hardware ruterukal, freebsd polulla unix adhishtitha operating sisttangal, vindosileyum mattu operating sistangalileyum soxukalum echtidipi proxy serverukalum ennivaykku anukoolamaayi rutinginum internettu axassinum vendi puthiya serverukale marikadakkaan kaaranamaayi.
nowell maanejmentinte oru theerumaanam uthppannam shupaarsha cheyyaanum vilkkanumulla swatantra resellermaarudeyum enchineeyarmaarudeyum kazhivum eduthukalanju. avarude phalapradamaaya vilppana shakti kuranjathu vilppanayil eee thaazhottulla sarppila srishtichu.
nettu ware 4.1x umm cherukida bisinassinaayulla nettu ware.
netware 3.12 nuu samaanamaayi netweyarinu 4.10 enna vila nalki, ithu enn. dii. yeei (saadhaaranayaayi cherukida bisinasukal) ethirtha upabhokthaakkale ithu oru chelavum koodaathe pareekshikkaan anuvadikkunnu.
pinneedu noval 1996-ll nettu ware pathipp 4.11 puratthirakki, athil operating sisttam instaal cheyyaan eluppavum pravartthikkaan eluppavum vegathayeriyathum kooduthal sthirathayullathumaaya niravadhi mechappeduthalukal ulppedunnu. microsopht windos adhishtitha varkksteshanukalkkayal aadyathe poornna 32-bitt klayant, ezz. emm. pii pinthuna, nettu veyarinulla gwi adisthaanamaakkiyulla administration upakaranamaya nettu ware administrettar (enn. wadmin allengil enn. vaad. emm. 32) ennivayum ithil ulppedunnu. muun bharana upakaranangal syrty interface, akshara adhishtitha gwi upakaranangalaya siskoon, neela tekst adisthaanamaakkiyulla pashchaathalamulla pii kansol enniva upayogichu. eee upakaranagalil chilath innum nilanilkkunnu, udaaharanathinu monittar.enn. ell. emm.
web server, tcp/aipi pinthuna, nettscape brouser enniva upayogichu puthiya paakkejucheytha netware 4.11 intraanettveyar ennu vilikkunna oru bundle (intraanettveyar ennum ezhuthappedunnu). 25 allengil athil thaazhe upayokthaakkalude netvarkkukalkkaayi roopakalppana cheytha oru pathippin cherukida bisinassinaayi intraanettveyar ennu namakaranam cheyyukayum endukalude parimithamaaya pathipp adangiyirikkukayum endukalude bharanam lalithamakkaan sramikkukayum cheythu. intraanetveyarinte peru netware 5-ll ozhivaakki.
eee kaalayalavil noval avarude mattu uthppannangale directoryumaayi bandhippichu athinte directory sevanam, ends prayojanappedutthaan thudangi. avarude iii-meyil samvidaanam, group thirichulla, endikalumaayi samyojippikkukayum senvarkkukal, boarder maanejar thudangiya directory praapthamakkiya niravadhi uthppannangal noval purathirakkukayum cheythu.
nettu veyarinu ippozhum aii. pii. ex/ezz. pii. ex aavashyamaayirunnu, ennaal intraanettukal srishtikkunnathum internettilekku netvarkkukal bandhippikkunnathum eluppamaakkunna upakaranangalum yoottilittikalum ulppeduthi nettu ware 4.11 upayogichu tcp/aipiyude aavasyam nowell amgeekarikkaan thudangi. ipx varkksteshanukalum aipi nettvarkkukalum thammilulla bandham eluppamaakkunnathinu ipx/aipi gateway polulla puthiya bundle cheytha upakaranangal. thaddesheeyamaayi hosttucheytha web server polulla savisheshathakaliloode internettu saankethikavidyakalum pinthunayum samyojippikkaanum thudangi.
nettu ware 5. x.
1998 octoberil nettu ware 5 purathirangiyathinoppam, vipani aavasyam niravettunnathinaayi noval athinte praadhamika encp interface ipx/spx network protocolil ninnu tcp/ipiyilekku maatti. uthppannangal aii. pii. ex/ezz. pii. ex pinthunaykkunnathu thudarnnenkilum tii. sii. pii/aii. pii. yilek oonnal maari. puthiya savisheshathakalil iva ulppedunnu
enn. sii. kalkk prathyeka hardwaro samanamaaya server konfigareshanukalo aavasyamillaathathinaal ezz. eph. tii-III-yill klasttar sevanangal mechappettu.
nettu veyarinte vipani vihitam kuthane kurayaan thudangiya oru kaalaghattatthilaanu noval nettu ware 5 purathirakkiyathu; pala kambanikalum samghadanakalum avarude nettu ware serverukalkku pakaram microsophttinte windos enn. tii. operating sisttam pravarthippikkunna serverukal upayogichu.
eee samayathaan netware 4 operating systethilekkulla avasana upgraded netware 4.2 purathirakkiyathu.
netveyarinullil sambharichirikkunna fayalukalilekkulla internettu adhishtitha aaksasinaayi netware 5 umm athinu mukalilullathum pinthunaykkunna puthiya nettu storeju.
2000 januvariyil noval netware 5.1 puratthirakki. ithu niravadhi upakaranangal avatharippichu, avayil iva ulppedunnu
nettu ware 6.0.
nettu ware 6 athinte mungamiyude taamasiyaathe 2001 octoberil puratthirangi. eee pathippin server kanakshanukaleyalla, upayokthaakkale adisthaanamaakkiyulla lalithamaaya licensing skeem undu. ithu nettvarkkile ethra nettu ware servarukalilekkum oru upayokthaavin paridhiyillaattha kanakshanukal anuvadikkunnu. 32-nooad klasttarukale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi nowell klasttar sevanangalum mechappeduthi; adisthaana nettu ware 6.0 uthppannathil rund-nooad clustering licenses ulppedunnu.
nettu ware 6.5.
nettu ware 6.5 2003 augustil puratthirangi. eee pathippile chila puthiya savisheshathakalil iva ulppedunnu
nettu ware 6.5-nulla ettavum puthiyathum prathyakshatthil avasaanathethumaaya sevana paaykk 2009 meyy maasathil purathirangiya sp8 aanu.
enterprise server thurakkuka.
1.0.
2003-ll, nettu veyarinte pingamiyaaya ulppannamaaya ooppan enterprise server (oes) noval prakhyaapichu. 2005 maarchil aadyamaayi puratthirakkiya oes, parambaraagathamaayi nettu veyarumaayi bandhapetta sevanangale (directory sevanangal, phayal-aandu-print polullava) aaa sevanangalude vitharanathinu adisthaanamaaya plaattphomil ninnu verthirikkunnathu poortthiyaakkunnu. oes adisthaanaparamaayi oru koottam aaplikkeshanukalaanu (ediractory, netware coor protocol sevanangal, aiprint muthalaayava).) athu oru linux allengil nettu ware kernel plaattphomil pravarthippikkaan kazhiyum. klasttar cheytha oes nadappaakkalukk sevanangal linuxil ninnu nettu veyarilekkum veendum thirike konduvaranum kazhiyum, ithu multy-plaattphom clustering pariharam vaagdaanam cheiyunna churukkam chila ventermaaril oralaayi maarunnu.
simean, jarmman linux distributor suus enniva noval etteduthathinte falamaayi, noval nettu veyaril ninnu maari linuxilake shradha kendreekarichu. bhaaviyile releasukalkkaayi vishwastha netware upayokthaakkale linux platfomilekku maattunnathil maarkkatting shradha kendreekarichu. eee dishayude vyakthamaaya soochana nettu warella, linuxil maathram ooppan enterprise server purathirakkaanulla novalinte vivaada theerumaanamaayirunnu. pinneedu noval eee theerumaanam kuraykkukayum nettu veyarinte 90 dasalaksham upayokthaakkale kuranjathu 2015 vare pinthunaykkumennu prasthavikkukayum cheythu. athesamayam, muun nettu ware upabhokthaakkalil palarum ooppan sozhs linux operating sisttathil pravartthikkunna licensulla softweyarinte aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunna misritham nirasichu, redu haatt vaagdaanam cheiyunnathupolulla ooppan sozhs pariharangal poortthiyaakkunnathinu anukoolamaayi.
2.0.
2007 october 8 nuu oes 2 puratthirangi. seen hypervisorinullil paravirtualised athidhiyaayi pravarthippikkunnathine pinthunaykkunna netware 6.5 ezz. pii. 7, ezz. ell. iii. ezz 10 upayogichu puthiya linux adhishtitha pathipp enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
1990 muthal.
 chila samghadanakal ippozhum nowell netware upayogichirunnuvenkilum 1990 kalude madhyam muthal intal x86 server plaattfominaayulla phayal, printar pankidal softweyarukalude yadhaartha staanderdaayirunnu netware.
1990kalude avasaanam muthal nettu ware uthppannangalil ninnu microsopht vipani vihitam vijayakaramaayi nedi. microsophttinte kooduthal aakramanathmakamaaya vipananam pradhana maasikakaliloode saankethikamallaatha maanejmentine nerittu lakshyamittaayirunnu, athesamayam noval nettu veyarukal athinte udyogasthar vaayikkunna kooduthal saankethika maasikakaliloodeyaayirunnu.
nowell avarude vilanirnaya ghadana nilavile vipani saahacharyangalumayi poruthappettilla, netware vilpanaye baadhichu.
nettu ware laitt/vyakthigatha nettu ware.
1991num 1995num idayil vyakthigatha upayokthaakkaleyum cherukida bisinasukaleyum lakshyamit doses, windos adhishtitha computerukalkkaayi noval vikasippichedutha piyar-tuu-piyar nettvarkkukalude oru parambarayaayirunnu netware laittum vyakthigatha netweyarum.
prakadanam.
mattu saankethikavidyakalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol valare uyarnna prakadanam kaaranam 1980 kalude pakuthi muthal 1990 kalude pakuthi vare nettu ware network operating sisttam (nambarukal) vipaniyil aadhipathyam pulartthi. eee kaalayalavile mikka maanadandangalum microsopht, almaram, mattullava ennivayil ninnulla uthppannangale apekshichu 5:1 muthal 10:1 vareyulla prakadana nettam prakadamaakki. oru prathyeka aspex enfs serverinum enfs sevanam pravarthippikkunna skoo unix serverinum ethire tcp/aipi (netveyarinte native ipx protocol allah) vazhi enfs sevanangal pravarthippikkunna netware 3. ex. sthaapichu. netware enfs rund 'native' enfs sistangaleyum marikadannu, ore hardwareile skoo unix enfacinekkaal 2:1 perfomence nettam avakashappettu.
nettu veyarinte prakadana nettatthinte kaaranagal chuvade nalkiyirikkunnu.
disk sevanathinu pakaram phayal sevanamaanu.
aadyamaayi vikasippichappol, mikkavarum ellah laan sambharanavum disk server modaline adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu. ithinartham oru klayant computerinu oru prathyeka fayalil ninnulla oru prathyeka block vaayikkanamenkil thaarathamyena mandagathiyilulla laan vazhi inipparayunna abhyarthanakal nalkendathunda
nettu ware, oru phayal sevana maathrkaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathinaal, phayal api thalatthil klayantumaayi samvadichu
diskill aavasyamulla daatta evideyaanennu kandethaan directory thirayunna ellah jolikalum serveril praadeshikamaayi uyarnna vegathayilaanu nadathiyathu.
1980kalude madhyathode mikka uthppannangalum disk sevanathil ninnu phayal sevana modalilekku maari. innu, disk sevana model thirichuvarikayaanu, saan kaanuka.
aakramanathmaka cashing.
thudakkam muthal, nettu ware design dhaaraalam raam ulla servarukalil shradha kendreekarichu. oru vooliyam gadippikkumbol muzhuvan phayal alokkeshan table (kozhuppu) ramilek vaayikkappettu, athuvazhi oonlain disk sthalathinu aanupaathikamaayi kuranjathu raam aavasyamaanu; oru serverilekku oru disk cherkkunnathinu palappozhum raam upgrade aavasyamaanu. windos entic munbulla mikka malsaraadhishtitha network operating sisttangalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, nettu ware sajeeva fayalukal kaashe cheiyunnathinu upayogikkaatha ellah raamukalum yaanthrikamaayi upayogichu, disk abhyarthanakal (elevator seekkukal) veendum oordar cheiyunnathu sugamamaakkunnathin vaiki ezhuthunna baakkukal upayogichu. apratheekshithamaya oru shutdown daattaye dushippikkum, ithu thadassamillaatha vaidyuthi vitharanathe praayogikamaayi oru server instaaleshante nirbandhitha bhagamaakkunnu.
nettu ware 286 pathippukal 2. x-ll sthirasthithi durty kaashe kaalathamasam samayam 2.2 secondaayi nischayichu. nettu ware 386 3. x ll ninnu aarambhich, vrithiketta disk kaashe delay samayavum vrithiketta directory kaashe delay samaya krameekaranangalum daatta haard drivilekku save cheiyunnathinu (flush cheiyunnathinu) munbu server daatta mattunna ("vrithiketta") daatta kaashe cheiyunna samayathe niyanthrichu. 3. 3 secondinte sthirasthithi krameekaranam 0.05 secondaayi kuraykkaamenkilum poojyamaayi kuraykkanavilla, athesamayam paramavadhi kaalathamasam 10 secondaayirunnu. kaashe kaalathamasam 10 secondaayi vardhippikkunnathinulla oopshan kaaryamaaya prakadana vardhanavu nalki. windos 2000,2003 serverukal kaashe kaalathamasam samayavumaayi krameekarikkaan anuvadikkunnilla. pakaram, avar kaashe kaalathamasam krameekarikkunna oru algoritam upayogikkunnu.
nettu ware coor protocolinte (encp) karyakshamatha.
nettu ware vikasippicha samayat upayogichirunna mikka network protocolukalum sandeshangal nalkunnathinu nettvarkkine vishwasichilla. oru saadhaarana klayant phayal reed ithupole pravartthikkum
ithinu vipareethamaayi, netvarkkukal mikka samayathum mikacha reethiyil pravartthikkunnu enna ashayathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu encp, athinaal oru abhyarthanaykkulla marupadi amgeekaaramaayi varthikkunnu. eee model upayogichu oru klayant reed abhyarthanayude oru udaaharanam ithaa
ellah abhyarthanakalilum oru sequence nambar adangiyirikkunnu, athinaal uchithamaaya samayathinullil klayantinu prathikaranam labhichillengil athu athe sequence nambarode abhyarthana veendum ayaykkum. server ithinakam abhyarthana prosess cheythittundenkil athu kaashe cheytha prathikaranam veendum ayaykkum, abhyarthana prosess cheyyaan ithuvare samayam illengil athu oru "positteev amgeekaaram" maathrame ayaykkukayulloo. eee 'nettvarkkine vishwasikkuka' sameepanathinte adisthaanam network edapaadukalilum anubandha latensiyilum moonnil rund kuravaayirunnu.
network sevanangalkkayi roopakalppana cheytha munkoor allatha oesu.
1990kalile oru valia charcha, network phayal sevanam oru pothu aavashya operating systethinu mukalil pravartthikkunna oru software lair allengil oru prathyeka aavasyamulla operating sisttam nadatthuka ennathu kooduthal uchithamaano ennathaayirunnu. nettu ware oru prathyeka uddeshya operating sistamaayirunnu, time sharing oesu allah. klayant-server prosessing sevanangalkulla oru plaattfomaayi ithu thaazhekku ninnu ezhuthappettu. thudakkathil ithu phayal, print sevanangalil shradha kendreekarichu, ennaal pinneedu daattaabes, imeyil, web, mattu sevanangal enniva pravarthippichukondu athinte vazhakkam prakadippichu. ipx, tcp/aipi, aaplattokk ennivaye pinthunaykkunna oru ruter enna nilayilum ithu kaaryakshamamaayi pravarthichu, ennirunnaalum ithu orikkalum oru 'hardware' roottarinte vazhakkam vaagdaanam cheythitilla.
4. x, muun pathippukal ennivayil, nettu ware preemption, vertual memory, graaphikkal user interfaceukal muthalaayavaye pinthunaykkunnilla. netware oesinu keezhil pravartthikkunna prakriyakalum sevanangalum sahakaranaparamaayirikkumenn pratheekshichirunnu, athaayath oru abhyarthana prosess cheyyukayum samayabandhithamayi oesinu niyanthranam thirike nalkukayum cheyyuka. thaazhe vashath, aaplikkeshan prakriyakal svayam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla eee vishwaasam serverine thaazheyirakkunna oru mosham perumatta aaplikkeshanilekku nayichekkaam.

