
lingdal

 norwayile agder kaundiyile oru munisippaalittiyaan ithu. parambaraagatha listtar jillayilaan ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. alin pattanamaan munisippaalittiyude bharana kendram. lingadalile chila pradhana gramangalil austaad, bairemo, fleslaant, hake, consmo, korshamaan, kwas, scomrack, swenevik, vivlemo enniva ulppedunnu.
maram samskarikkal, krishi, vaanijyam ennivaye kendreekarichaanu munisippal sambadvyavastha. lingdalsfjorden, rosefjorden ennividangalile beechukal venalkkaalath janapriya resortukalaayathinaal vinodasanchaaravum samoohathinte kendramaanu.
norwayile 356 munisippaalittikalil vistheernnathil 177-aamathe valia munisippaalittiyaan ithu. 10, 480 janasamkhyayulla norwayile ettavum janasamkhyayulla 108-aamathe munisippaalittiyaan lingdall. munisippaalittiyude janasandrata kazhinja 10 varshathe apekshichu 9.3% vardhichu.
pothuvaaya vivarangal.
1838 januvari 1 nuu lingdal munisippaalittiyaayi "aaa" edavaka sthaapithamaayi (formanscaps distrikt niyamam kaanuka). 1909 januvari 1 nuu munisippalittiye moonnu bhagangalaayi vibhajichu thekk austaad (janasamkhya 1,263), vadakku kwas (janasamkhya 736), madhya pradeshathe lingdal (janasamkhya 2,698). 1960kalil skee kammittiyude pravartthanangal kaaranam norveyiludaneelam niravadhi munisippal layanangal nadannu. 1964 januvari 1 nuu, austaad munisippaalittikal (janasamkhya 608), kwas (janasamkhya 493), lingdall (janasamkhya 2,916), athupole lensfjorden padinjaaru spangerid munisippalittiyile gitlewag pradesham (janasamkhya 103) ennivayellaam layippichu lingdall enna oru valia munisippaalitti roopeekarichu. 1971 januvari 1 nuu lingdaalinte (janasamkhya 21) ytre skaarstain, indrey skaarstain pradeshangal ayal munisippaalittiyaaya farsandilekku maatti. 2001 januvari 1 nuu lingdall munisippaalitti aleeninte munisippal kendram "lingdall" enna pattanamaayirikkumenn prakhyaapichu.
2020 januvari 1 nuu ayal munisippaalittiyaaya oodindal lingdall munisippaalittiyumaayi layippichu.
peru.
munisippaalitti sthithicheyyunna thaazhvarayaayathinaal lingdalen thaazhvarayude () peraanu munisippaalittikk nalkiyirikkunnath. ligna" enna nadiyude perinte janithaka kesaanu aadya ghadakam. shaantatha" allengil "shaantatha" ennartham varunna vakkil ninnaan eee peru vannath. avasaanathe ghadakam "thaazhvara" allengil "dayle" ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu. 1908 nuu munbu lingdaalinte edavakaye (pakshe munisippaalittiyalla) vikaarejinte peril "aaa" ennu vilichirunnu. 1312-ll vikaarejinte peru aadyamaayi paraamarshichathu "(cheria) nadhi" ennartham varunna "aaa" enna padatthinte dative bahuvachanamaaya "aam" ennaanu. rund nadikalkkidayilaanu phaam sthithi cheiyunnathu.
kottu oof ams.
1987 march 27nuu anuvadicha yadhaartha kottu oof ams 2020 januvari 1 vare upayogathilundaayirunnu, appol munisippaalitti vipuleekarichu. audyogika blesoon "vertt eiii kau staattant aarjent" () aayirunnu. ithinartham kaikalkk oru pacha vayalum (pashchaathalam) charge idathuvashathekku abhimukheekaricha oru pashuvumaan. pashuvinu aarjent niramulla oru kashaayam undaayirunnu, athaayath athu saadhaaranayaayi vella niramullathaanu, ennaal athu lohathil nirmmichathaanenkil velli upayogichirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaand muthal norveyiludaneelam praadeshika inam pashukkal () valare ariyappedunnathinaal eee pashuvine thiranjedutthu. thekkan norwayil ninnum padinjaaran norwayil ninnumulla vaarshika kannukaali meela vyapaarikal pashukkale edukkaan munisippaalitti sandarshikkunnu. torgir shjolbergaanu aayudangal roopakalppana cheythath.
nilavile kottu oof ams 2020 januvari 1 muthal upayogathinu amgeekaaram nalki. kaikalkk oru pacha feeld (pashchaathalam) undu, charge moonnu alamaarakalkk mukalilulla oru maramaan. maratthinum alamarakalkkum aarjentinte oru kashaayamund, athaayath ithu saadhaaranayaayi vella niramaan, ennaal ithu lohathil nirmmichathaanenkil velli upayogikkunnu. vruksham valarchayude pratheekamaanu. lingdalile ombathu pradhana janasamkhyaa kendrangale pratheekappeduthunna ombathu elakal ithinu undu. thiramaalakalum pulmedukalum prathinidheekarikkunnavayaanna thiramaalakal. munisippalittiyile moonnu valia nadikale prathinidheekarikkunna moonnu velutha varikalunda ligna, oodna, mandalselva. rund pacha alakalulla varikal (velutha alakalulla varikalkkidayil) munisippalittiyile rund thaazhvarakale prathinidheekarikkunnu lingdalen, oodindaalen. richard haglandaanu aayudangal roopakalppana cheythath.
pallikal.
lingdal munisippaalittikkulli norway palliyil anchu edavakakalundu. agder oog telemark roopathayile listtar oog mandal prosttiyude (deanary) bhaagamaanith.
charithram.
1028ll rajaavaaya vishudha olaav ivide oru shaithyakaalam chelavazhichathinaal munisippaalittiyude thekkan theerathulla selore dveepine snoril paraamarsikkunnu. agnefest thuramukhathe adisthaanamaakki, samudra vyaapaarathil abhivridhi praapicha lingdall, 1771ll oru cheria theeradesha pattanamenna padavikku apeksha nalki. athinte theeradesha sthaanam kudiyettatthinum soukaryamorukki; 17,18 noottaandukalil pradhaanamaayum dutch republicilekkum 19-aamm noottaandil amerikkayilekkum.
1964ll munisippaalittikalude layanathinu munbuthanne, austaad, kwas edavakakalum Â (allengil "aaa"-lingdall proper) ulppede grettar lingdall edavaka roopeekarichu. 1801 leeii oru sensus prakaram innu lingdall ulkkollunna pradeshathu 3529 nivaasikal undu 1850 ll aastaadil 929, kwaasil 585, spangeridinte kizhakkan bhaagath 165. innu ekadesham 8000 nivaasikalaan ivideyullathu.
lingdaalil mathajeevithathinum missionary pravarthanangalkkum ellaayppozhum sakthamaaya sthaanamundu, 1837 muthal 1854 vare edavakayil sevanamanushticha mantri gabriel keyland (1796-1854) addehathinte bhaarya gustava (1800-1889) prathyeka shradha arhikkunnu. innu oru missionary pioneer janapriya gaanarachayithaavumaayi ariyappedunna gustawa norwayile oru sthreeyude aadyathe aathmakadhakalilonnu ezhuthi 1880 muthal avalude "ente jeevithathil ninnulla oormma".
bhoomishaasthram.
kizhakk lindesness munisippaalittiyum vadakku ivje oog hoons, azaral, padinjaaru hegebostad, quinesadal, farsond ennivayumaayi athirthi pankidunna oru theeradesha munisippaalittiyaan lingdall. lingdall munisippalittiyil lingdall thaazhvarayude thekkan bhagam ulppedunnu, ithu ligna nadiye pinthudarnnu padinjaaru lingdelsfjorden vare pookunnu. lenesfjorden, gronsfjorden, rosefjorden ennivayum lingdaalinte thekkan bhagathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. lingdal graamatthinte bhaagamaayi rosefjordenil oru prakrithidatha thuramukhamulla thekk bhaagath agnefest undu; 1771 muthal eee thuramukham rajisttar cheythittundu.
sarkkar.
praadhamika vidyaabhyaasam (patthaam klaas vare), autpeshyant aarogya sevanangal, muthirnna poura sevanangal, shemavum mattu saamoohika sevanangalum, soaning, saambathika vikasanam, munisippal roadukalum yoottilittikalum enniva norwayile ellah munisippaalittikalum utharavaadikalaanu. nerittu thiranjedukkappetta prathinidhikalude oru munisippal kaunsilaanu munisippaalitti bharikkunath. munisippal kaunsilinte vottinaal meyare parokshamaayi thiranjedukkunnu. aggar jilla kodathiyudeyum aggar appeel kodathiyudeyum adikaaraparidhiyilaanu munisippaalitti.
munisippal kaunsil.
naalu varshathe kaalaavadhiyilekku thiranjedukkappedunna 29 prathinidhikal chernnathaanu lingdaalinte munisippal kaunsil (). rashtreeya party kaunsilinte nilavilullathum charitraparavumaaya ghadana chuvadeyulla pattikakal kaanikkunnu. 
mayermar.
lingdaalinte mayermar () (apoornna pattika):
gathagatham.
lingdal buzz terminalil ninnu/athuvazhi buzz lainukal