
teaxobactin

chila gram positteev bakteeriyakale kollunna chila inam bakteeriyakalude pepttaid polulla dvitheeya metabolaittaanu teaxobactin (). ithu oru puthiya tharam antibioticukalil ulppedunnathaayi thonnunnu, koodaathe koshabhithi roopappeduthunnathinulla pradhana mungamikalaaya thanmathrakalaaya lipid II, lipid III ennivayumaayi bandhippichu bakteeriyakale doshakaramaayi badhikkunnu.
mannil bakteeriyakale valarthunnathinulla oru puthiya reethi upayogichaanu teaxobactin kandethiyathu, ithu antibiotic ulppaadippikkunna "elephtheria terra" ennu vilikkappedunna munbu krishi cheyyaan kazhiyaatha bacteria valarthaan gaveshakarkk avasaram nalki. staphylococcus ooriyas", "micobacterium tuberculosis" ennivaye kollumennu teaxobactin theliyichu.
charithram.
2015 januvariyil, americayileyum germmaniyileyum naalu sthaapanangalum rund farmaceutical kambanikalum chernnu, avar oru puthiya antibioticine verthirichedukkukayum savisheshatha kaanikkukayum cheythathayi report cheythu, ithu "kandethaavunna prathirodhamillathe" kollunnu."mainil oru pultthakidiyil ninnu" "isolation chipp (iship) upayogichu manninte saambilil munbu krishi cheyyaan kazhiyaatha bakteeriyakal parishodhichaanu teaxobactin kandethiyathu".
plaastikkinte oru blokkile onniladhikam swatantra iship kalchar cellukal oro koshatthilum oru bacteria nikshepikkunnathinaayi mannu layippichu kuthivaykkukayum thudarnnu ardha-praveshasaadhyamaaya stharangal upayogichu adaykkukayum cheiyunnu. pinneedu iship manninte oru pettiyil nattupidippikkunnu. poshakangalum valarchaa gadakangalum chuttumulla mannil ninnu oro kalchar koshatthilekkum membranukaliloode vyaapikkunnu, bacteriayude valarchaye oru kolaniyaayi pariposhippikkunnu, athu pinneedu svayam nilanirthunnu. eee krameekaranam chila koshangalil oru inam maathrame valaraan anuvadikkoo.
staphylococcus ooriyas" nethiraaya aanti baakteeriyal pravarthanatthinulla parisodhanakal "elephtheria terrey" ennu peritta munbu vivarikkappedaatha oru bacteria eduthukaanichu. gaveshakar teaxobactin ennu peritta oru puthiya antibiotic samyuktham ithu uthpaadippikkunnathaayi kandethi. noothana maarfiyude vishakalanavum bhagikamaaya apachayavum, apachayathiloode labhikkuna shakalangalude samanvayavum proteinukalil sambhavikkatha asaadhaaranamaaya amino aasidinte naalu diasteriomerukaludeyum samanvayavum ulppedunna raasa apachaya saankethikavidyakal upayogichaanu athinte samboornna stereochemistry nirnnayikkappettath.
pathittaandukalkkullil bakteeriyakalil ninnu verthirichedukkaavunna aadyathe puthiya antibioticaanu teaxobactin. ithu oru puthiya tharam antibioticukale prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu thonnunnu, ithu upayogikkunna puthiya isolation saankethikavidyakal kooduthal antibiotic kandethalukalilekku nayikkumenna prateeksha uyarthunnu.
jaivasamshleshanam.
texobactin 11 avashishtangalulla, macrocyclic dipisipeptaidaanu, athinte kandethalukal "iii" yill samanvayippikkumennu anumaanikkunnu. terrere "nonribosomal pepttaid sinthattesukalaaya txo 1, txo 2 (" txo 1 "," txo 2 "ennee jeenukal encode cheythirikkunnu). naalu-amino aasidukal, oru methylated phenylalanine, proteinogenic allatha α-amino assid endurasidine ennivayulppede niravadhi asaadhaarana savisheshathakal pepttaidin undu. mehen-- phee-ail-serr---glun-- ail-ail-serr-- thru *-alaa-endurasidine-ail-kuu-* aanu teaksobaaktinte amino assid shreni. microbial nonribosomal pepttaidukalil saadhaarana kaanunnathupole carboxy terminus-thrionin avashishtangalulla (nakshatrachihnam soochippikkunnathu) oru laakton roopappeduthunnu. eee laakton roopappeduthunna ring closser prathikaranam txo 2-nte rund sii-terminal theosterase domainukalaal uthejippikkukayum oru laakton roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. txo 1 umm txo 2 umm orumichu 11 moduleukal chernnathaanu, oro module valarunna pepttaid shringalayilekku thudarchayaayi oru amino assid cherkkumennu karuthappedunnu. aadyathe modulinu enn-terminal finailaalanaine methylate cheiyunna oru methyl transferase domaine undu.
aanti baakteeriyal pravartthanam.
pravartthana samvidaanam.
koshabhithi samanvayathinte oru prathirodhamaan teaxobactin. peptidoglycante munnodiyaaya lipid II-maayi bandhippichaanu ithu praadhamikamaayi pravartthikkunnathu. koshabhithi samanvayathe thadayunnathinupurame, lipid II bindingle valia supermolecular fibrilukal roopappeduthaanulla teaksobaaktinte sheshi baakteeriyal membraninte samagrathayil vittuveezhcha cheyyukayum kollal samvidaanathinu sambhavana nalkukayum cheiyunnu. dii-, ell-amino aasidukalude samyojanam teaksobaaktinte hydrophobic avashishtangal baakteeriyal membran uparithalathilekku anuvadikkunnu. lipid II antibiotic vancomycinum lakshyamidunnu. lipid mungamikalumaayi teaxobactin bandhippikkunnath peptidoglycan paaliyude ulppaadanathe thadayukayum ithu durbalamaaya bakteeriyakalude lysisilekku nayikkukayum cheiyunnu. 
pravartthanam.
staphylococcus ooriyas", "chikilsikkaan prayaasamulla entarokokki" ennivayulppede pareekshicha ellah gram positteev bakteeriyakalkkum ethire "inn vitro" ennu taiksobaaktin shakthamaayathaayi report cheyyappettu, "clostridium deficile", "basilus anthrasis" enniva asaadhaaranamaayi durbalamaanu. ithu "micobacterium tuberculosis" enna rogatheyum konnu. methisilin-resistant baadhicha elikale chikilsikkumbol ithu "inn vivo" phalapradamaanennu kandethi. ooriyas (emm. aarr. ezz. eiii), streptococcus pneumonia. emm. aarr. ezz. eiii. yeei prathirodhikkaan upayogikkunna antibioticaaya vaankomaisinte pii. dii. 50 dosinte 10 sathamaanam maathramaan emm. aarr. ezz. eiii. yeei prathirodhikkaan 50 sathamaanam athijeevanam nedaan aavashyamaaya alavu.
gram negatteevu rogakarikalaaya, prathyekichu carbapenum prathirodhasheshiyulla enterobacteriasiya allengil puthiya dalhi mettalo-beetta-lactamase 1 (ndm 1) ulla bakteeriyakalkkethire ithu sajeevamalla.
prathirodhatthinte induction.
prathirodhasheshiyulla strain illa. ooriyas allengil emm. sablethal dosukal nalkumbol kshayarogam "inn vitro" aayi srishtikkappettu, aadyathethinte kaaryatthil 27 divasam vare. bacteria koshatthile thaarathamyena parivarthanakshamamaaya proteinukalumaayi bandhippikkunnathinupara parivartthanam cheyyaavunna kozhuppu thanmaathrakalumaayi bandhippikkunna asaadhaarana antibiotic samvidaanam kaaranam taargett rogakaarikalude parivarthanatthinethire teaxobactin kooduthal shakthamaanenn anumaanikkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, klinikkal krameekaranatthil teaxobactin prathirodham vikasikkillennu nigamanam cheiyunnathu valare neratheyaanennu niravadhi shaasthranjar munnariyipp nalkunnu. vancomycin sambandhicha samanamaaya avakaashavaadangal uyarnnuvannuvenkilum 1980kalil valia thothilulla upayogathinu sesham prathirodham uyarnnuvannu. teaxobactinodulla prathirodham encode cheiyunna jeenukal ithinakam thanne manninte bakteeriyakalil undakaan saadhyathayund. rogikalil deerghakaala upayogathinu sesham mutation vazhiyum prathirodham undakam.
samoohavum samskaaravum.
novobiotic farmaceuticalsinu teaxobactinil (us pettantukal 9,163,065,9,402,878) rund us pettantukal nalkiyittundu. nechar" enna lekhanathinte muthirnna rachayithavaaya kiim levis pravartthikkunna vadakkukizhakkan sarvakalashaala, teaxobactin kandethaan upayogikkunna reethiyekkurich pettant phayal cheyyukayum 2003 ll novobiotic licenses nalkukayum cheythu; levis kambaniyude kansalttantaanu.
gaveshanam.
2016ll gaveshakar eee samyuktham samanvayippikkukayum elikalile bacteria anubaadhaye chikilsikkaan ithu upayogikkukayum cheythu.