
vilyam shhaa (kaarshika ezhuthukaaran)

vilyam shhaa (1797-1853) oru britiish kaarshika ezhuthukaaranum edittarum vivarthakanum kaarshika jenalaaya "maarkk leyne express", "karshakarude almanac aandu kalandar" ennivayude aadya edittarumaayirunnu. 1842-ll karshaka klabbinte sahasthaapakanaayirunnu. kaarshika parishkaarangalum mechappeduthalukalum vaadikkunnathil addeham prashasthanaan.
jeevithavum joliyum.
1797ll joonn shaayude mootha makanayi vilyam shhaa baath, somersettil janichu. 1813 juun muthal 1815 juun vare ooksfoordile wadham collegil rund varsham chelavazhicha addeham 1828 juun 20 nuu akathe kshethrathil praveshippikkappedukayum 1833 november 22 nuu barylake vilikkappedukayum cheythu.
1832-ll shhaa "maarkk leyne express" enna prathivaara kaarshika jenal sthaapikkukayum athinte aadya edittaraayi maarukayum cheythu. linkenshareile karshakaraaya cuthbert vilyam jonson (1799-1878), joonn rogezhsan, joseph rogezhsan, doctor jeey. jonson ennivaraayirunnu mattu sahasthaapakar. blaakkston, jorjju parker tuxford. edittar enna nilayil naveenamaaya kaarshika saankethikavidyakalkku vendi vaadikkunnathilum brittanile kaarshika samoohangaludeyum karshaka klabbukaludeyum roopeekaranathilum shhaa oru pradhana punk vahichu.
rajakeeya kaarshika samooham sthaapikkunnathinulla sramangalumaayi bandhappett shhaa pothujana praadhaanyathilekku vannu. eee sosaitti roopeekarikkunnathinulla praadhamika pravarthanangalil addeham munnirayil pankuchernnu, 1838 meyy 9 nuu nadanna udghaadana yogathil addeham aadya sekrattariyaayi thiranjedukkappettu, eee sthaanam addeham 1839 august 7 nuu kaunsil amgamaayi thiranjedukkappettappol raajivachu. franch akkadami dii agrikalcharinte oonarari amgamaayum shhaa thiranjedukkappettu.
1838ll addeham thante aajeevanantha suhruthaaya cuthbert vilyam jonsanumaayi chernnu thudakkam kurichu. 1841ll karshakarude almanakkinteyum kalandarinteyum aadya edittarmaaraayi avar aarambhichu."1841num 1865num idayil 15,000 roopa vaarshika vilppana nadatthiya eee prasidheekaranam pathonpathaam noottaandile ellah kaarshika prasidheekaranangalilum ettavum vyaapakamaayi vaayikkappettavayilonnaya goddard (1983) parayunnathanusarichu aayirunnu"."1853ll shhaa marichenkilum 1872 vare avarude samyuktha perukalil 'karshakarude almanak colunder' ellah varshavum purathirakkunnathu thudarnnu. shhaa karshaka klabbukalude valia pinthunakkaaranum pathivayi samsaarikkukayum avayil pathrangal vaayikkukayum cheythirunnu. 1842-ll lunden karshaka club sthaapichathu addehathinte parisramangal moolamaanu, 1840 muthal 1843 vare addeham oonarari sekrattariyaayirunnu. jaims aalan ransom, roobert baker, onno rando perr ennivaraayirunnu karshaka klabbinte mattu sthaapakar. 1844ll shaayum johnson voonn theyarinte "kaarshika thathwangalude" oru engleesh pathipp vivarthanam cheyyukayum purathirakkukayum cheythu."
1846num 1849num idayil shhaa "steepleches kalandar" edittu cheyyukayum 1832ll sthaapithamaayathumuthal "maarkk leyne express" edittar henry korbattumaayum kudiyaan avakaashangalekkurichulla anweshanathil philipp pusiyumaayum sahakarichu. kudiyaante avakaashathekkurichulla aarr prabandhangalum kaarshika sthithivivarakkanakilekku rund prabandhangalum addeham eee bodic munnil vaayichu. annathe noval addeham aaveshathode etteduthu, pakshe taamasiyaathe kudiyaante avakaashathekkurichulla chodyam kathikkondirunnu. 1848-ll korbattinoppam addeham englandileyum veyilsileyum kaarshika aachaarangalekkurichulla vipulamaaya "daijast oof evidence" prasidheekarichu."philipp pusiyude adhyakshathayil house oof komansinte prashastha samithikk munbaake kazhinja varsham nalkia kudiyaante avakaashathekkurichulla thelivukalude oru daijastaayirunnu ithu. eee daijast valare janapriyamaayirunnu, ippozhum referencinu upayogapradamaanu; 1854 ll randaamathe pathipp prathyakshappettu.
1849-ll north hamshire upathiranjeduppil kudiyaan karshakanayi addeham pankedutthu. 1850 epril 1 nuu shack vaadakakkaar avarude lakshyathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi velli plate sammaanichu, avatharanam nadatthiya chairman addehathe "kaarshikatthinte coban" ennu visheshippichu."1840ll sthaapithamaaya karshaka insurance kambaniyude mukhya sthaapakaril oralaaya addeham 1888ll thaan managing directoraayirunna alayans insurance kambaniyumaayi layichu. 1844ll sthaapithamaaya karshakarudeyum mechilppurakkaarudeyum paraspara kannukaali insurance association enna vijayakaramallaatha samrambhathinte managing directoraayirunnu addeham, athu 1849ll budhimuttilaayi.
shaayude mattu samrambhangal parajayappettu, railway unmaadathinte samayat addehathinu pana prasnangal undaayirunnu. 1852 novemberil paapparatthatthil ninnu rakshappedaan addeham oostreliyayilekku palayanam cheythu, avide 1853 ll, raajyathin valare akaleyulla swarnna khananathil addeham valare dayaneeyamaayi marichu, pokkattil kurachu penz maathrame undaayirunnulloo. vivaahithanaayirunnenkilum bharyayil ninnu akannaan addeham thaamasichirunnathu. shhaa sakthamaaya saannidhyamullathum mikacha savisheshathakalullathumaayirunnu. 13 hannover squareile royal kaarshika sosaittiyude murikalil richard ansdell (1842) varacha addehathinte oru cheria chhaayaachitramundu. 1843-ll prasidheekaricha sosaittiyude kothupaniyil ithu punarnirmikkappettu. landanil henry corbet shaayude pingamiyaayi "karshakarude almanakkinteyum kalandarinteyum" edittar, karshaka klabbinte sekrattari ennee nilakalil.
paraamarshangal.
 eee lekhanathil inipparayunnavayil ninnu pothu domaine metteeriyal ulkkollunnu 

