
santa andreayile basilica, manduva

italiyile lombardyile manduvayil sthithicheyyunna oru roman catholica qoo-cathedral, minor basilikkayaan saant andreayile basilica. vadakkan italiyile pathinanjaam noottaandile navothaana vaasthuvidyayude pradhana kruthikalil onnaanith. ludovico moonnaaman gonsaaga kammeeshan cheytha eee palli 1472-ll liyon baattista alberty roopakalppana anusarichu benedikttin monastry kaivashamulla oru sthalathu aarambhichu, athil bell tower (1414) avasheshikkunnu. ennaal, 328 varshangalkk sesham maathramaan kettidam poortthiyaakkiyathu. pilkkala maattangalum vipuleekaranangalum alberty roopakalppanaye maattimarichenkilum, alberty ettavum samboornnamaaya kruthikalilonnaayi palli ippozhum kanakkaakkappedunnu. ithu piassa mantegnaykku mukalilaanu.
vaasthuvidya.
munbu nilaninnirunna oru bell gopuratthinu (1414) sameepam nirmmicha munbhagam, anconayile purathana trajan kamaanatthinte padhathiye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. uparithalathinu upayogikkunna kadinamaaya stakko ulla oru ishtika gadanayaanu ithu. korinthyan pilesttarukalaal chuttapetta oru valia madhya kamaanam ithine nirvachikkunnu. kamaanatthinte valathum idathum cheria thurassukalundu. neelamullathum poornnamaayum poortthiyaakaathathumaaya pailastarukal ulkkollunna oru bheeman kramatthil, pullaankuzhal korinthyan nirakal ulkkollunna oru thaazhnna kramatthinte samyojanamaayirunnu roopakalppanayude oru puthiya vasham. muzhuvanum oru pedimentum athinu mukalilulla oru nilavarayum ulla gadanayaanu, athinte uddeshyam krithyamaayi ariyilla, pakshe athinu pinnile palliyilekkulla janalayude thurakkal nizhalidaan saadhyathayund.
alberty roopakalppanayude oru pradhana vasham munvashavum akathe uyarangalum thammilulla parasparabandhamaayirunnu, vijayakaramaya kamana rooparekhayude vishadaamshangal, munbhagam pole aarkkedukal, marimari uyarnna kamaanangalum valare thaazhnna chathuraakrithiyilulla topping thurassukalum.
oru barrell nilavarayaan naavin melkoora nalkiyirikkunnath, purathana kaalam muthal aadyamaayi atharamoru roopam ithrayum valia thothil upayogichirunnu, orupakshe romile maaksenshyasinte basilikkayil maathrkayaakkappettirikkam. praveshana kavaadatthile cheria barrell nilavara pole nilavarayum coffer cheyyaan alberty padhathiyittirikkaam, pakshe panatthinte abhavam nilavara oru lalithamaaya barrell nilavarayayi nirmmikkunnathilekku nayichu, thudarnnu khajanaavukal chayam pooshunnu. thudakkathil, oru traansept illaathe, orupakshe thaazhikakkudam polum illaathe, kettidam aasoothranam cheythirunnu. nirmmaanatthinte eee ghattam 1494-ll erekkure avasaanichu.
1597-ll, laattaral aayudangal cherkkukayum kriptt poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. valia thaazhikakkudam (1732-1782) roopakalppana cheythath philippo juvaarayaan, koodaathe 18-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathilum 19-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathilum pavlo posoic mattullavarkkum keezhil inteeriyarile avasana alankaarangal chertthu.
vishudha rakthathinte avashishtam.
kristhuvinte raktham adangiyirikkunnuvennu vishwaasikal vishwasikkunna oru kuppi thaazheyulla guhayil ninnu thaazhathe thaazhathe thaazhathe tharayile oru dwaarathiloode uyarthumbol theerthaadakare aarohana virunninayi sweekarikkuka ennathaayirunnu puthiya kettidatthinte uddeshyam. vishudha paathrangalil sookshichirikkunna "preciosisimo sangue dii kristoo" (kristhuvinte ettavum vilayeriya raktham) ennu vilikkunna eee avashishtam. paarambaryamanusarichu, kurishinu adiyilulla raktham adangiya bhoomi mukalilekku valicherinja roman senchurian longinus aanu rakthathe nagaratthilekku konduvannathu.
804ll vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya chalmagne lioo moonnaaman maarpaappayil ninnu athinte aaraadhanaykkaayi avashishtatthinte aadhikaarikatha nedi. pala pandithanmaarudeyum abhipraayathil, ithu manduva roopathayude srishtiyilum sent andrew cathedralinte aadya bhaagatthinte nirmmaanatthilum kalaashichu. avashishtam "veendum kandethi" ("sekkanda inventiyo") sii. eiii. 1049, tuscanyile maattildayude saannidhyathil. navothaanakaalathu valareyadhikam aaraadhikkappedunna eee avashishtathe lioo onpathaam marpappa 1053-ll aadhikaarikamaayi amgeekarichu. punya velliyazhchakalil, vishwaasikalkku, nagaratthile theruvukalil oru ghoshayaathrayil eee avashishtam pradarshippikkunnu.
avashishtatthinte chila bhagangal chalmaine verthirichedukkukayum paareesile sent chappalilekkum pinneedu weingarten abiyilekkum sent aarch basilicayilekkum kondupookukayum cheythu. romile joonn laattaranum gwaastallayile vishudha kurishinte pally (canossa beatrixinu vendi nirmmicha).
mattu vashangal.
classic modelle chadangukalude kaazhchaye colonnadeukal thadayumennathinaal, edanaazhikal kondu varinjirikkunnathinu pakaram onniladhikam chaappalukal naavil ninnu shaakhakalaayi sthaapichukondu alberty basilican paarambaryavumaayi pirinju. aadyakaala navothaana chithrakaaranaaya andrea mantegnayude shavakudeeram sthithicheyyunnathinaal chaappalukalilonn mantegna shavasamskara chaappal ennariyappedunnu, gianmarco kavalliyum mantegnayude swantham "vishudha kudumbavum" addehathinte venkala prathimayundu. chaappalukalile mattu kalaasrishtikalil giulio romanoyude skoolinte chumarchithrangalum (giuliyoyude oru kruthi nilavil oru pakarppaan) korejiyoyum ulppedunnu. beltavaril pathonpathaam noottaandil anchu manikal (eiii, sii #, iii, eph #, eiii) undu.
baahya linkukal.
<bii. aarr.>

