
hahn chakravarty ling

kizhakkan hahn raajavamshathile panthrandaamattheyum avasaanatheyum sakthanaaya chakravartthiyaayirunnu liu hong enna vyakthiparamaaya perilulla hahn chakravarty ling (156/157-13 meyy 189). shang chakravartthiyude (moonnaamathe kizhakkan hahn chakravarty) pingamiyaaya oru cheria maarkvisinte makanayi janicha liu hong, thante mungamiyaaya huwan chakravartthiyude maranashesham 12-aamm vayassil 168 februvariyil chakravarthiyaayi thiranjedukkappettu. 189 meyy maasathil marikkunnathuvare addeham ekadesham 21 varsham bharichu.
ling chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu, addehathinte mungamiyude bharanakaalatheppole, kizhakkan hahn kendra sarkkaaril aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna azhimathikkaraaya shandanmaarude mattoru aavarthanam kandu. 168 octoberil chakravarthini dovager duvinte pithaav dau vuu, kanfyooshyan pandita-audyogika chenn aaraadhakan ennivarude neethrthwathilulla oru vibhaagathe paraajayappedutthiya sesham shandavibhaagathinte nethaavaaya shang rang rashtreeya ramgathu aadhipathyam sthaapichu. praayapoorthiyaaya sesham, chakravarty linginu samsthaana kaaryangalil thaalpparyamillaayirunnu, koodaathe sthreekalilum shayikkunna jeevithashailiyilum earppedaan eshtappettu. athesamayam, hahn sarkkaarile azhimathikkaraaya udyogasthar karshakarkk kanatha nikuthi chumatthi. rashtreeya offeesukal panatthinu vilkkunna reethi avatharippichukondu addeham sahacharyam kooduthal vashalakki; eee sambradaayam hahn sivil sarvees samvidaanathe saaramaayi nasippikkukayum vyapakamaaya azhimathikku kaaranamaakukayum cheythu. hahn sarkkaarinethire vardhichuvarunna paraathikal 184-nte thudakkathil karshakarude neethrthwathilulla manja thalappavu kalapam pottippurappedaan kaaranamaayi.
ling chakravartthiyude bharanakalam kizhakkan hahn raajavamshathe durbalav thakarchayude vakilethichu. addehathinte maranashesham, vividha praadeshika yudhaprabhukkanmaar adhikaarathinum aadhipathyathinum vendi pooraadiyathinaal thudarnnulla pathittaandukalil hahn saamrajyam araajakathvathil thakarnnu. (hahn raajavamshathinte avasaanam kaanuka.) 220-nte avasaanathil ling chakravartthiyude makan sian chakravarty thante simhasana upekshichathode hahn rajavamsham avasaanichu-ithu chainayil moonnu raajyangalude kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathilekku nayichu.
kudumba pashchaathalavum simhaasanathilekkulla praveshanavum.
liu hong oru paarambarya markvis aayirunnu-jeedu graamatthile markvis (). hahn raajavamshathil, oru grama maarkvisinte maarkvissettil saadhaaranayaayi oru graamam allengil apoorva kesukalil rando moonno gramangal maathrame undaayirunnulloo. eee padavi vahikkunna kudumbatthile moonnaamathe vyakthiyaayirunnu addeham; addehathinte pithaav liu chaang (), muthachan liu shhoo () ennivarum munbu jeedu graamatthile markvis aayirunnu. addehathinte muthumuthachan, liu kaii (), hejian rajakumaran shiavo (), kizhakkan hahn raajavamshathile moonnaamathe chakravarthiyaaya shang chakravartthiyude aaraamathe makanaayirunnu. addehathinte amma lady dong liu chaanginte aupachaarika pankaliyaayirunnu.
huwan chakravarty 168 januvari 25nuu addehathinte pingamiyaayi oru makanillathe marichappol, addehathinte chakravarthini, samraajnji dau, samraajnji dovajar aayi, adutha chakravarthiyaayi oru sthaanaarthiye thiranjedukkunnathinaayi avar saamraajyathva vamshathinte vamshavali parishodhichu. anjjaathamaaya kaaranangalal, avalude asisttant liu shhoo () jeedu graamatthile markvis liu hongine shupaarsha cheythu. thante pithaav dau vuu, kanfyooshyan pandithanum audyogika chenn aaraadhakanumaaya dovager dau ennivarumaayi koodiyaalochicha sesham, chakravarthini 168 februvari 17nuu 12 vayassulla liu hongine simhaasanathil prathishtikkukayum reejantaayi addehathinu vendi bharanam thudarukayum cheythu. puthuthayi simhaasanasthanaaya chakravarty ling thante muthachanum pithaavinum muthasshikkum maranananthara bahumathikal nalki, avare yathaakramam chakravarty chakravarty aayi aadarichu. addehathinte amma lady dong chakravarthini dovager aayitheernnilla, pakaram oru aadaraneeyayaaya vanitha enna padavi nedi.
aadyakaala bharanam.
kendra sarkkaarile ettavum pradhanappetta udyogastharaayitheernna duvuvum chenn fanum shandavibhaagathe shudheekarikkaan shramichu. pinneedu 168-ll, ellah shaktharaaya shandanmar unmoolanam cheyyaan polum avar nirddeshichu, eee nirddesham chakravarthini dovager doow nirasichu. ennirunnaalum, goodaalochanayude vaartha chornnu, shandanmaar, chakravarty thattikkondupoyi yuva chakravarty kastadiyiledutthathinum (athu swantham samrakshanathinaanennu addehathe bodhyappedutthiya sesham) chenn faanine arast cheyyukayum vadikkukayum cheythu. dau vuu ethirthengilum oduvil paraajayappedukayum aathmahathya cheyyaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu. dau vamsham vadikkappettu. cavo jee (), wang phu () ennivarude neethrthwathilulla shaktharaaya shandanmaar kendra sarkkaarile ettavum shaktharaaya vyakthikalayi maari.
duu vamshathinte naashathinushesham, 169-ll, ling chakravarty thante ammaye chakravarthini dovajar sthaanathekku sthaanakkayattam nalki, ennirunnaalum ippol veettuthadankalilulla dovajar dovine chakravarthini dovajar enna sthaanathum addeham aadarichu. dong vamshathile amgangal sarkkaaril praveshikkaan thudangiyenkilum avarkk kaaryamaaya swaadheenamundaayirunnil. aaa varshavasaanam, shandanmaar chakravarty ling ennu "pakshapaathikal" (i.iii.kanfyooshyan udyogastharum avare pinthunachavarum) addehathinethire goodaalochana nadathukayum dhaaraalam pakshapaathikale arast cheyyukayum kollukayum cheythu; mattullavarkk avarude pouraswaathanthryam poornnamaayum illaathaakkukayum cheythu, charitraparamaayi pakshapathaparamaaya nirodhanangalude randaamathe durantham ennu ariyappedunna oru sambhavathil.
172-ll chakravarthini dovager doow marichu. huwan chakravartthiyude bharyayaayi bahumaanikkappedaathe oru saamraajyathva bharyayaayi maathram samskarikkanamennu shandanmaarude nirddeshangal undaayirunnittum, ling chakravarty avale huwan chakravartthiyude shavakudeerathil oru chakravarthini dovagerinu anuyojyamaaya poornna bahumathikalode samskarichu. avalude maranathethudarnnu kottara kavaadatthil oru nasheekaranachadangukal ezhuthi "swargathinadiyilullathe prakshubdhamaanu. kavoy wang chakravarthiyaaya dovejarine vadhichu. pradhana udyogastharkku engane udyogastharaakanamennu maathrame ariyoo, avarkk vishwastharaayi onnum parayaanilla."
roshakularaaya shandanmaar anweshanathinu utharavittathu aayirathiladikam arasttukalilekku nayichu, pakshe nirnnaayakamaayi onnum kandethanaayilla. aaa varsham, shandanmaar huwan chakravartthiyude sahodaran bohaayiyude rajakumaaranumaaya liu kuiye raajyadrohakkuttam chumatthi aathmahathya cheyyaan nirbandhichu. bhaarya, veppaattikal, kuttikal, sahaayikal, principality udyogasthar ennivarulppede addehathinte muzhuvan kudumbamgangaleyum valanju. hahn sarkkar kooduthal azhimathikkaaraayitheernathe janangalkk kanatha nikuthibharam neridendi vannu. ling chakravarty valarnnathode addeham parihara nadapadiyonnum sweekarichillennu mathramalla, shandanmaarude azhimathi mikkappozhum sahikkunnath thudarnnu. 177-ll sianbay gothrangal hahn sainyathe paraajayappedutthiyathiloode saamraajyathva nidhi kooduthal vattikkappettu.
178-ll, 171-ll addeham chakravarthiyaayi maattiyengilum anukoolikkaatha ling chakravartthiyude bhaarya chakravarty gaanaganam shandanmaarude vanchanaykku irayaayi. avalude ammayi, lady soong, liu kuyiyude bhaaryayaayirunnu, athinaal aval thangalodu prathikaram cheiyumennu shandanmaar aashankappettu. angane, chakravarty maattisthaapikkaan aagrahicha mattu saamraajyathva bhaaryamaarumaayi sahakarichu, shandanmaar chakravartthiyude gaanam manthravaadam upayogichu chakravarty sapikkunnathaayi thettayi aaropichu. chakravarty avare vishwasikkukayum jayililadaykkappedukayum niraashayode marikkukayum cheytha chakravarty sthaanabhrashtayaakkukayum cheythu. avalude pithavum soong fengum () kudumbatthile baakkiyullavarum unmoolanam cheyyappettu.
madhyakala bharanam.
178-ll, ling chakravarty rashtreeya offeesukal panatthinu vilkkunna reethi avatharippichu-ithu hahn sivil sarvees samvidaanathe (chajushi, chinesa Коте тер) saaramaayi nasippikkukayum vyapakamaaya azhimathikku kaaranamaakukayum cheythu. eee sthaanangalkku panam nalkiyavar adhikaaramettathinusesham azhimathi nilanirtthi. ling chakravartthiyude manassil undaayirunnathum athaayirunnu adhikaarametta sesham udyogastharkku prarambha thuka thangaan kazhiyunnillengil thavanakalayi adaykkaan addeham anuvadichu.
181 januvariyil ling chakravarty thante bharya puthiya chakravarthiyaayi niyamikkukayum avarude sahodaranaaya hii jiinn thante sarkkaarile oru pradhana udyogasthanaayi niyamikkukayum cheythu. (aithihyangal anusarichu, chakravartthiyude saamraajyathva haramil praveshikkaan avalkk kazhinju, kaaranam chakravarthiyaayi sthreekale thiranjedukkunnathinulla chumathala shandanmark avalude kudumbam kaikkooli nalki.) ling chakravarthikku liu bian enna makane prasavichathinaal avarkk chakravarty padavi labhichu; chakravarthikku mattu aanmakkalundaayirunnu, pakshe avar liu biyaante jananathinu munbu akaalathil marichu.
eee varshangalil, saamraajyathva udyaanangal nirmikkunnathil ling chakravarthikku thaalpparyamundaayathine thudarnnu hahn saamraajyathiludaneelamallu kamaandarikalodum principality udyogastharodum nerittu adaranjali arppikkan addeham utharavittu, angane thante nirmmaana padhathikalkku dhanasahayam nalkaan panam upayogikkaam. ithu, chakravarthikku avarude adikaaraparidhiyil ninnu oru valia kappam edukkaan kazhiyunna tharatthil azhimathi reethikal avalambikkaan udyogastharkku mail sammarddam srishtichu. thante ellah kuravukalum undaayirunnittum, ling chakravarty idaykkide thante prajakalil ninnulla nalla upadesham anusarichuvenkilum angane cheiyunnathil sthiratha pulartthiyilla. nayaparamaaya vishayangalil addehathe bodhyappedutthaan sramikkunnathu addehathinte prajakalkk palappozhum niraashaajanakamaayi thonni, kaaranam addeham aagrahikkumbol maathrame avare shradhichulloo.
manja thalappavu kalapam.
183 nuu kurachu munbu, jii pravisyayil oru pradhana thaavoyist vimatha prasthaanam aarambichirunnu-rogikale sukhappeduthaanulla maanthrika sakthikal thanikkundennu avakashappetta shang jiyaavoyude neethrthwathilulla thiping vibhaagam. 183 aayappozhekkum addehathinte padippikkalukalum anuyaayikalum saamraajyathile pathimoonnu pravisyakalil ettilekku vyaapichu-jii, kwing, suu, yuu, jing, yang, yaan, yuu. niravadhi pradhana saamraajyathva udyogasthar thante anuyaayikalude mail shang jiyaavoyude swaadheenathekkurichu aashankaakularaakukayum typing vibhaagam pirichuvidanamennu nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. ling chakravarty avarude vaakkukal kettilla.
shang jiavo yadhaarthathil oru kalapam aasoothranam cheythirunnu. addeham 36 sainika commandermaare niyogikkukayum oru nizhal sarkkar roopeekarikkukayum oru prakhyapanam ezhuthukayum cheythu "neelaakaasham nashichu; nokkoo, manjaakasham udan uyarnnuvarum. varsham "jiasi" aakumbol swarggathin keezhil samriddhi undaakum!"(parambaraagatha chainees sexagenary saikkil kalandar reethikk keezhil, 184 ennathu chakratthinte aadya varshamayirikkum, ithu jiasi ennariyappedunnu.) shang jiavo thante anuyaayikale saamraajyathva thalasthaanatheyum mattu nagarangaleyum sarkkar offeesukalude vaathilukalil ulppede, velutha talkumaayi valia aksharangalil "jiasi" ezhuthaan prerippichu. shang jiyaavoyude anuyayikaliloraalaaya maa yuvanyi (shh) rund shandanmarumaayi kottaarathinullil oru kalapam aarambikkaan padhathiyittu.
184-nte thudakkathil, eee goodaalochana kandethukayum maa yuvani udan arast cheyyukayum vadikkukayum cheythu. typing vibhaagathile amgangale arast cheyth vadhikkan ling chakravarty utharavidukayum shang jiavo udan thanne kalapam prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. kalaapathile oro amgavum avarude chihnamaayi manja thalappaavo thalappaavo dharichirunnu-athinaal kalapam athinu perukettathaayi maari. oru maasathinullil shang jiavo pradeshatthinte valia pradeshangal niyanthrichu. pakshapaathikalodu anubhaavamulla shandanaaya luu kianginte () nirddeshaprakaaram, manja thalappaavukalil cheraanulla saadhyatha ozhivakkaan ling chakravarty pakshapathikalkk mapp nalki. (ennirunnaalum, mattu shandanmaar, prathikaaramaayi, chakravarty sthaanabhrashtanaakkaan aagrahikkunnuvennu thettayi aaropikkukayum aaa varshavasaanam addeham aathmahathya cheyyukayum cheythappol luu kiang thanne irayaayi.)
manja thalappaavukalkkethire ling chakravarty niravadhi sainika commandermaare ayachu, eee pracharanangalil avaril palarum svayam verthirichu -
huwangfu soong, cavo cavo, phu zee (), jhu juun, luu sii, dong shuvo enniva ulppedunnu. pinneedu valia prathyaaghaathangalulla oru pradhana sainika vikasanam manja thalappaavukal pradhaanamaayum yudhathil pareekshicha liang pravisyayil ninnu vinyasicha sainikarumaayi poraadi, avar kiang gothrangalude kalapangal adichamarthaan sheelichirunnu. 184-nte avasaanathil shang jiavo kollappettu, backie manja thalappaavukal udan paraajayappettillenkilum, adutha varshathode avaa kramena illaathaayi (eiii. dii 205 vare niravadhi cheria kalapangal adichamarthappettillengil). prachaaranatthinu liang pravishyayude sainyam nalkia sambhavanakal kaaranam, avar bhayappedaan thudangi, mattu ellah pravisyakalil ninnumulla sainyathe avahelikkaan thudangi. manja thalappavu kalaapathinte samayathum athinusheshavum, manja thalappaavukaludeyo sarkkar senayudeyo kolla thadayunnathinaayi mattu pravisyakalil ninnulla niravadhi aalukal svayam sainika samghangalaayi samghadippikkukayum nalloru vibhaagam sarkkar senaye prathirodhikkukayum cheythu, manja thalappaavukal paraajayappettathinusheshavum pravisyakalil kendra sarkkaarinte niyanthranam pazhayathupole aayirunnilla.
kaalathamasam vanna bharanam.
manja thalappavu kalapam adichamarthappettathinum ling chakravarty thante paazhayathum azhimathi niranjathumaaya reethikal mattiyittilla. addeham kanatha nikuthi chumathunnathu thudarukayum offeesukal vilkkunnath thudarukayum cheythu. thalphalamaayi, mattu kaarshika, sainika kalapangal vardhichu. 185-ll, saamraajyathva kottaaratthinte thekkan bhaagath theepidithamundaayathinnethu, kottaaratthinte punarnirmmaanatthinaayi panam swaroopikkunnathinaayi oro "myoo" krishiyidathil ninnum patthu gadhaa nikuthi eedaakkaan patthu paricharakar chakravarty linginode nirddeshichu. thudarnnu ling chakravarty thaayyuvaan (), hedong (), didavo () kamaandarimaarile udyogastharodu maravum paatten cheytha paarakalum luyoyangilekku (saamraajyathva thalasthaanam) nirmmaana saamagrikalayi kondupokaan utharavittu. charakkukal kottaarathiletthiyappol, avaye sweekaricha shandanmaar mosham gunanilavaaramulla vasthukkal athichathinu thozhilaallikale shaasikkukayum vipani vilayekkaal valare thazheyaayi-vipani vilayude patthilonnu vare kuranja vilaykk avarkk nalkanamennu nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. thudarnnu avar saadhanangal mattu shandanmark veendum vittu, avar vaangaan visammathichu. kaalakramena, shekharicha maram koombaarangal kshayikkaan thudangi. athinaal nirmmaana pravartthanangal varshangalolam vaiki. chakravarthiyaaya lingine preethippeduthunnathina, chila praadeshika udyogasthar kanatha nikuthi chumathukayum kooduthal nirmmaana saamagrikal ulppaadippikkaan aalukale nirbandhikkukayum cheythu-ithu saadhaaranakkaaril ninnu kooduthal amarshathinu kaaranamaayi.
luyoyanginu saadhanangal kaimaran utharavidumbozhellaam thante doothanmaaraayi sevikkaan chakravarty ling kuthirappada udyogasthare niyamichu. songshi" (чонгси; "kendra doothanmaar") ennariyappedunna eee udyogasthar, avare bhayappedunna praadeshika udyogasthare kaikkooli nalkaan nirbandhichukondu avarude adikaaram durupayogam cheythu. sainyathinum kottara nirmmaanathinum panam nalkaan kazhiyunna thuka adisthaanamaakkiyaanu inspector () sthaanathinu thaazheyulla udyogastharude niyamanam theerumaanikkappettathu. adhikaaramelkkunnathinu munbu, eee udyogastharkku avarude "moolyam" nirnnayikkaan oru vilayiruthalinu vidheyamaakendivannu. aavashyamaaya thuka thangaan kazhiyaatha chilar aathmahathya cheyyukayum appoyintmentukal sweekarikkaan visammathicha mattullavar athu sweekarikkaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu.
aaa samayat, julu kamaandariyude () administrettaayi puthuthayi niyamithanaaya oru sima sii () undaayirunnu. sathyasandhanaaya oru udyogasthan enna prashasthi addehathinu undayirunnathinaal, moonnu dasalaksham maanthrikal maathram nalkendivannu. utharavu labhichappol addeham vilapichu, "njaan saadhaaranakkaarkku oru rakshakarthaavineppoleyam, pakshe (chakravartthiyude) aavasyangal niravettunnathinaayi avare chooshanam cheyyaan njaan nirbandhithanaayi. enikku ithu sahikkaan kazhiyunnilla."thanikk asukhamundennu avakaashappett addeham raajivaykkaan shramichenkilum addehathinte abhyarthana nirasikkapettu. luvoyaanginaduthulla meng fordil athiyappol, sarkkarumaayulla ellah prashnangalum choondikkaanikkunnathinum chakravarthikku munnariyipp nalkunnathinu charitraparamaaya udaaharanagal udharikkunnathinum addeham oru smaarakam ezhuthi. thudarnnu visham kazhichu aathmahathya cheythu. sima shiyude smaarakam vaayichathinusesham, ling chakravarty kottaram punarnirmmikkunnathinulla panam swaroopikkunnathu thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthiyenkilum pinneedu vegathil thante nirmmaana padhathikal punaraarambhichu. padinjaaran poonthottatthinullil addeham oru haal nirmmikkukayum athil kaarshika vakuppil ninnu edutha nidhikalum pattum niraykkukayum cheythu. addeham thante janmasthalamaaya hejian commandary sandarshichu, avide addeham bhoomi ettedukkukayum athu maalikakalum gopurangalum nirmmikkaan upayogikkukayum cheythu. ling chakravarty thaarathamyena daridra pashchaathalatthil ninnu oru cheria markvis enna nilayil vannathinaal, kazhiyunnathra vyakthiparamaaya sambathu shekharikkaan addehathinu sakthamaaya aagrahamundaayirunnu-prathyekichu thante mungamiyaaya huwan chakravarty thanikkayi oru valia kudumba sambathu upekshichillennu kandathin sesham. saamraajyathva khajaanakalil ninnu mathramalla, thanne paricharichirunna thaazhnna raankilulla shandanmaaril ninnum addeham thante sambathu nedi.
ling chakravarty palappozhum parayaarund, "pathiv parichaarakan shang (rung) ente pithaavaan, pathiv parichaarakan shaavo (soong) ente ammayaan."shandanmaare ling chakravarty valareyadhikam vishwasikkukayum anukoolikkukayum cheythathinaal avar niyamavirudhamaayi perumaarukayum avarude adikaaram durupayogam cheyyukayum cheythu. saamraajyathva kottaaratthinte athe roopakalppanayil avar adambara bhavanangal polum nirmmichu. ling chakravarty orikkal uyarnna kazhcha plaattfomaaya yonganho plaattphom (<unk>) sandarshichappol, shandanmaar avarude maalikakal kaanumennum samshayikkappedumennum aashankappettu. athinaal, avar avanodu paranju, "ninte mahathvam uyarnna nilayilekku svayam nirtharuthu. ningal angane cheythaal janangal chitharikkidakkum."chakravarty avare vishwasikkukayum uyarnna gopurangalum vedikalum sandarshikkunnathu nirthukayum cheythu.
186-ll ling chakravarty shandanmaarude soong diane (), bii laan () ennivarkku oru puthiya kottara haal, naalu valia venkala prathimakal, naalu bheeman venkala manikal, vellathil thuzhayunna mruga shilpangal ennivayulppede puthiya nirmmaana padhathikalkku melnottam vahikkaan chumatala nalki. nanayangal achadikkaanum vyaapakamaayi pracharippikkanum addeham utharavittu. palarum ithu chakravartthiyude aadambarathinte pradarshanamaayi kaanukayum nanayangal oduvil ellaayidathum chitharikkidakkumennu kaanikkunna adayaalangal choondikkaanikkukayum cheythu. ling chakravartthiyude maranashesham luvoyangil araajakathvam pottippurappettappol ithu sathyamaayi. ling chakravarty shaavo songine "kuthirappadayude rathangalude general" aayi niyamichuvenkilum ekadesham 100 divasathinu sesham addehathe padaviyil ninnu neekkam cheythu.
188-ll liu yaante nirddeshaprakaaram, ling chakravarty pravishya gavarnarmaarude raashtreeyavum sainikavumaaya shakti valareyadhikam vardhippikkukayum pravishya gavarnarmaaraayi sevanamanushtikkaan pradhana udyogasthare thiranjedukkukayum cheythu.
189-ll ling chakravarty gurutharaavasthayilaayathode pinthudarchaavakaasha prashnam nilavil vannu. ling chakravarthikku rund aanmakkal undaayirunnu-chakravartthiyude makan liu bian, bhaarya vaanginte makan liu zee. ling chakravarthikku thante jeevithathinte thudakkathil kuttikkaalathu palappozhum aanmakkale nashtappettirunnathinal, thante aanmakkale kottaarathinu purathu valarthendathu valarthumrigangalaanennu addeham pinneedu vishwasichu. athinaal, liu bian janichappol, addehathe oru thaavoyistaaya shhii simiavoye (shh) ealppikkukayum "markvis shhii" ennu paraamarsikkukayum cheythu."pinneedu, liu zee janichappol, ling chakravartthiyude ammayaya saamraanji dovager dong addehathe valarthukayum" "markvis dong" "ennariyappedukayum cheythu"."liu bian chakravartthiyude makanayi janikkukayum praayamerukayum cheythirunnuvenkilum ling chakravarty addehathinte perumaattam aparyapthamaaya gauravamullathaayi kaanukayum athinaal liu sii kireedaavakaashiyaakkunnathi kanakkaakkukayum cheythuvenkilum madichu, theerumaanikkaan kazhinjilla.
aaa varsham avasaanathode ling chakravarty marichappol, addeham vishwasichirunna oru sakthanaaya shandanaaya jian shuvo aadyam thante sahodaranaaya chakravarty kollanum general-inn-cheef aaya addeham jiinn chakravarthiyaayi maranum aagrahichu, athinaal addehavumaayulla koodikkazhchayil oru kenii sthaapichu. addeham jiinn athu kandethukayum liu bian chakravarthiyaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
kudumbam.
bharyamaarum issue

