
nontrigonal niktojan samyukthangal

noonn-trigonal niktojan samyukthangal saadhaarana trikona pyramid tanmatra jyaamithiyillaatha tricoordinate trivalent niktojan (phoosphoorus, arsenic, antimony, bismatha pii, aas, esby, bii) samyukthangale soochippikkunnu. avayude jyaamitheeya parimithikal kaaranam, eee samyukthangal vyathyasthamaaya electronic gadanakalum reactivitykalum pradarshippikkunnu, ithu boond villal prathikaranangalkk athulyamaaya lohamallatha plaattphomukal nalkaanulla kazhivu nalkunnu.
synthesis.
1984ll arduyengoyum sahapravarthakarum chernnu phoosphoorus triholide upayogichu dickettomine ghaneebhavippichukondu noonn-trigonal niktojan samyukthathinte aadya udaaharanagal samanvayippichu. eee samgham athinte raasa swabhaavathekkurichulla aadyathe chittayaya anweshanangalekkurichum report cheythu. pinneedu, samanamaaya vazhikalil, anubandhavum isostructural arsenic, antimony enangalum samanvayippichu. mattu synthetic reethikalil eklekt 3 (iii = pii, aas, esby, bii), salt metathasis allengil pentavalant niktojan samyukthangalude kuravu ennivayude saannidhyathil ooo allengil enh grouppukalude deprotenation ulppedunnu.
ghadanayum swathukkalum.
nontrigonal niktojan samyukthangalude tanmatra gadanakal eee thanmaathrakalile sterik strain velippeduthunnu, koodaathe niktojan aattangalile sradheyamaaya vyathyastha boond konukal ekopana golangalude ganyamaaya valachodikkaline soochippikkunnu. 
prathyekichum, eee samyukthangalude madhyabhaagathulla jyamiti parambaraagatha niktojan samyukthangalil ninnu shakthamayi vyathichalikkukayum tii-type molecular konfigareshanilekkulla sameepanathode molecular strainine soochippikkukayum cheiyunnu. vyathyastha ligand roopangal ullathinaal, niktojan aattangalile boond konukal 100 digri muthal ekadesham 180 digri vare vyathyaasappedaam. eee thanmaathrakalude paranna jyamiti parivartthana avasthayile planner coordinated niktojan attangal vazhi konfigareshante vipareethathinulla thaarathamyena kuranja oorjjaswalamaaya thadassangale swaadheenikkunnu. eee kuranja thadassangal anthareeksha thaapanila enmril nireekshikkunna chalanathmaka swabhaavathinum vegathilulla santulita prakriyakalkkum anusrithamaanu.
eee samyukthangalil, niktojan aattangalile eaka jody electronukal thaarathamyena uyarnna ezz-pratheekangalulla bhramanapathangalil praadeshikavalkkarikkunnappedu kwaandam raasa kanakkukoottalukalude phalangal sthireekarikkunnu. eee phalangalil ninnu, benzyl bromydilekkulla nishkriyathvam polulla chila pareekshanathmaka nireekshanangalkk anusrithamaayi durbalamaaya nucleophilisity maathrame uruthirinjulloo. lumo delocalise cheythathaanenkilum pareekshanathmaka kandethalukalkk anusrithamaayi eee sthaanathu substrateukalude nucleophilic aakramanathe anukoolikkunna niktojan shoonyamaaya pii oorbittalukalil ninnu pradhana sambhaavanakalund. niktojan aattam rund vashathulla naitrajan aattangalumaayi moonnu-sentar-naalu-electron boond roopappeduthunnu, ithu homo-2 prakadamaakkunnu.
nontrigonal bismat samyukthangalkk, oru dvi (i) electronic ghadana ettavum anuyojyamaanennu kaanikkam. naachural boond oorbittal (enn. bii. oo) vishakalanam lohathil oru ezz-type lonel jodiyum pii-type lonel jodiyum velippeduthunnu, backie rund pii oorbittalukal oru rund-sentar-rund-electron bondilum oru moonnu-sentar-rund-electron bondilum ulppedunnu. ligand framinu mukaliloode delocalise cheythirikkunnathinaal pii-type loonn jody enbioykku 2 electron acupensiyil kuravaanu. dvi samyukthathinu ganyamaaya dvi (i) pratheekangal soochippichittundegi, ithu dvi (iii) electrophylukalkku samanamaaya prathipravartthanam prakadippikkukayum dvi ennathil ozhinja allengil niracha pii bhramanapatham prakadippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
eee phalangalil ninnu, rund tharam anuranaa gadanakal varaykkaan kazhiyum, onnu niracha ezz-oorbittalum pinictojan kendratthil ozhinja pii oorbittalum, mattonn ligaandinte redox-noonn-innasent swabhaavathil ninnu undaakunna pinictojanil negatteevu charge. anubandha ligandukalile sii-enn single bondukale apekshichu nontrigonal niktojan samyukthangalile hrasvamaaya sii-enn boond dairkhyamaanu ithu vyakthamaakkunnath. eee gadanakal eee strained molecular sisttangalile nirddishta bonting saahacharyathe prathifalippichekkaam.
prathikaranasheshi.
eluppathil labhyamayathum sterik aayi parimithappeduthiyathumaaya eee samyukthangal cheria thanmatra sajeevamaakkal allengil pradhana-group, transition-mettal gadakangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla puthiya kaattalistukalude uthpaadanam polulla vaividhyamaarnna dvitheeya prakriyakalil oru prayogatthinu anuyojyamaanu.
redox prathikaranangal.
nontrigonal niktojan samyukthangalude lumosil pradhaanamaayum niktojan nucleusinte ozhinja p oorbittalukal adangiyirikkunnathinaal, lumosinte oorjja nila uchithamaanengil radical ionukal thaangaanaayi avaykku oru electron kuravinu vidheyamaakaam. sterik aayi thadassappedunna samyukthathinu, uthppaadippikkunna radical ayoon eluppathil dimerise cheyth pii-pii bondullah oru dianon roopappeduthunnu. stericalaayi encumber cheytha triss-amide ligand upayogikkumbol, tii-aakruthiyilulla niktojan nucleus vahikkunna sthirathayulla radical ayonukale verthirichedukkaanum savisheshatha nalkaanum kazhiyum.
vividha synthetic nadapadikramangaliloode noonn-trigonal phoosphoorus samyukthangalude ooksideshanum + 5 ooksideshan avasthayil phoosphoorus attangalulla phosphoranukal srishtikkunnathinaayi halojan thanmaathrakale phoosphoorus aattangalilekk kaimarunnathum nedi. eee dihalideukal arambha vasthukkal vaagdaanam cheiyunnavayaanenkilum niravadhi dvitheeya uthppannangalude uthppaadanathinu baadhakamaayekkaavunnavayaane saahithyathil ithuvare kurachu prathikaranangal maathrame report cheythittulloo. trigonal allatha phoosphoorus samyukthangalkk oorgaanik asside upayogichu ooksidais cheyth phosphasine uthpaadippikkaanum kazhiyum.
auxidative kootticherkkal.
eee sterik aayi parimithappedutthiya phoosphoorus samyukthangal primery aminukal, alcoholeukal thudangiya protic reyejantukalodu sradheyamaaya prathipravartthanam kaanikkunnu, ithu eee o−h, n−h bondukalude intermolecular auxidative kootticherkkalilekku nayikkunnu. eee prathikaranam amonia vellavum ulppede vividha substrateukale sahikkunnu. auxidative kootticherkkal vazhi x−h dhruva bandhangalil phoosphoorus attangal asaadhaaranamaayi ulppeduthunnathinekku manasilakkaan rund samvidaanangal nirddeshikkappettittund.
nontrigonal phoosphoorus samyukthangalkk amonia-borenumaayi prathipravartthichu oru aupachaarika dihydrajan auxidative addition uthppannam roopappeduthaanum kazhiyum. eee samyuktham assobenzene uthejakamaayi kuraykkaan sahaayikkumenn thelinju.
ekopana rasathanthram.
nontrigonal niktojan samyukthangalude aadyathe parivartthana loha samuchayangal 1980kalilum 90kalilum report cheyyappettittund. ithuvare, niravadhi samuchayangal vijayakaramaayi samanvayippichittundi kaattalatik cycleukal polulla dvitheeya prakriyakalil avaa ithuvare prayogichittilla.
2018ll, nontrigonal phoosphoorus sentar adangiya oru cheletting ligaandinte samanvayavum prathipravartthanavum report cheyyappettu. rukl2 (pii. echu. 3) 3 upayogichu eee ligaandinte nerittulla lohavalkkaranathinu purame, ruthenium hydride samyukthamaaya rukl (qoo) (pii. echu. 3) 3 upayogichu lohavalkkaranam cheiyunnathu ruu-echu bondilekku motham ulcherkkal ulla oru samuchayam nalkunnu ennathu sradhikkendathaanu. eee ligandukal, ezz. bii. ligaandukalude uyarnna vaalant avasthakalkkulla sameepakaala sambhavavikasangalkkoppam, catalysis, sensing mekhalakalil sambannamaaya saadhyathakal undayirikkaam.

