
ayoon shabda tharamgam

plasma bhauthikashaasthrathil, oru ayoon shabda tharamgam ennathu oru plaasmayile ayonukaludeyum electronukaludeyum oru tharam rekhamsha aandolanamaanu, neutral vaathakathil sanjarikkunna shabda tharamgangal pole. ennirunnaalum, tharamgangal positteev charjju cheytha ayonukaliloode vyaapikkunnathinal, ayoon shabda tharamgangalkk avayude vaidyuthakaanthika mandalangalumayi samvadikkaanum lalithamaaya koottiyidikkum kazhiyum. plaasmakalil, ayoon shabdatharamgangale palappozhum shabdatharamgangal allengil shabdatharamgangal ennu vilikkunnu. avaa saadhaaranayaayi pinda saandrathayude parinaamatthe niyanthrikkunnu, udaaharanathinu mardha gradiantukal kaaranam, prasakthamaaya dairkhya skeyilumaayi bandhapetta aavruthiyekkaal dairkhyameriya samaya skeyilukalil. ayann shabdatharamgangal kaanthikamallaatha plasmayilo kaanthikakshethrathinu samaantharamaayi kanthika plasmayilo sambhavikkam. orotta ayoon speeshees plaasmaykkum neenda tharamgadairkhya paridhiyilum, tharamgangal dispersionless (formula _ 1) aanu, athinte vegatha (chuvadeyulla derivation kaanuka)
formula _ 3 boltsman sthiraankamaanu, formula _ 4 ayoninte pindamaanu, formula _ 5 athinte charge aanu, formula _ 6 electronukalude thapanilayum formula _ 7 ayonukalude thaapanilayumaan. electronukalude taapa chalakatha ayoon shabda tharamgangalude samaya skailil isothermal aayi nilanirthaan paryapthamaayathinaal saadhaaranayaayi γe-yeei ikyamaayi kanakkakkunnu, koodaathe γi-yeei 3 aayi kanakkakkunnu, ithu oru dimensional chalanathinu anusrithamaanu. koottiyidi illaatha plaasmakalil, electronukal palappozhum ayonukalekkaal valare choodullavayaanu, eee saahacharyathil nyoomarettarile randaamathe padam avaganikkaam.
derivation.
electronukalum formula _ 8 ayoon speesheesukalum ulla oru plasmayude rekheeya draavaka vivaranathinayi ayoon acoostic taranga dispersion bandham nammal nedunnu. nammal oro alavineyum formula _ 9 aayi ezhuthunnu, avide subscript 0 "seero-oordar" sthiramaaya santulita moolyathe soochippikkunnu, koodaathe 1 phastt-oordar perterbatione soochippikkunnu. formula _ 10 ennathu linearisationulla oru oordaring paaraameteraanu, ithinu bhauthika moolyam 1 undu. linearise cheiyunnathinu, formula _ 10 ll ore kramatthile oro samavakyathileyum ellah padangalum nammal balance cheiyunnu. subscript-0 alavukal maathram ulppedunna padangalellaam oordar formula _ 12 aanu, avaa balance cheyyanam, oru subscript-1 alavulla padangal ellaam oordar formula _ 13 aandu balance aanu. nammal vaidyutha mandalathe oordar-1 (formula _ 14) aayi kanakkaakkukayum kaanthikakshethrangale avaganikkukayum cheiyunnu. 
oro speeshees formula _ 15 neey maas formula _ 16, charge formula _ 17, nambar density formula _ 18, phloo velosity formula _ 19, presher formula _ 20 ennivayaal vivarikkunnu. oro speesheesukaludeyum mardha vyathiyanangal oru polytropic prakriyayaanennu njangal anumaanikkunnu, athaayath speeshees formula _ 15-nte formula _ 21. eee anumaanathe nyaayeekarikkunnathinum formula _ 23-nte moolyam nirnnayikkunnathinum, vegathayulla sthalathe speeshees vitharana pravarthanangalkku pariharam kaanunna oru gathikolppaadanam upayogikkanam. polytropic anumaanam pradhaanamaayum oorjja samavaakyathe maattisthaapikkunnu.
oro speeshees thudarcha samavakyamaaya formula 24 umm momentam samavaakyavum thripthippeduthunnu.
formula _ 25.
nammal ippol linearise cheyyukayum oordar-1 samavaakyangal upayogichu pravartthikkukayum cheiyunnu. polytropic anumaanam kaaranam nammal 26 enna soothravaakyathil pravarthikkaathathinaal (ennaal athu poojyamaanennu nammal "anumanikkunnilla"), notteshan laghookarikkunnathinu nammal formula _ 27 formula _ 28 upayogikkunnu. ayoon thudarcha samavaakyam upayogichu, ayoon momentam samavaakyam maarunnu.
electron momentam samavaakyam vazhi nammal vaidyutha mandala soothravaakyam _ 30 neey electron saandrathayumaayi bandhappeduthunnu
electron jadathvam moolamulla idathu vashathe nammal ippol avaganikkunnu. electron plasma freekwansi formula _ 32-nekkaal valare kuranja freekwansikalulla tharamgangalkk ithu saadhuthayullathaanu. ionized dravyam polulla formula _ 33-nuu ithu oru nalla ekadesha kanakkanu, pakshe ardhachaalakangalile electron-hole plaasmakal allengil electron-poositroon plaasmakal polulla saahacharyangalkk ithu baadhakamalla. thathfalamaayundaakunna vaidyutha mandalam
vaidyutha mandalathinaayi nammal ithinakam pariharichathinaal, athu poyson samavaakyathil ninnum namukk kandethaan kazhiyilla. ayoon momentam samavaakyam ippol oro speesheesinum formula _ 35 neey formula _ 36 maayi bandhikkunnu
poyson samavaakyathiloode nammal oru dispersion bandhatthil athunnu
valathuvashathulla aadyathe bracketed padam anumanaprakaaram poojyamaanu (charge-neutral santhulithaavastha). nammal vaidyutha mandalathinu pakaramaayi kandethunnathinayi punakrameekarikkunnu
soothravaakyam _ 40 electron deebeyude neelam nirvachikkunnu. idathuvashathulla randaamathe padam 41 enna padatthinte soothravaakyathil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath, ithu perterbussion charge-neutral allatha alavine prathifalippikkunnu. formula _ 42 cheruthaanenkil namukk eee padam upekshikkaam. eee ekadesharekhaye chilappol plasma ekadesharekha ennu vilikkunnu.
nammal ippol forrier speyisil pravartthikkunnu, oro oordar-1 feeld formula _ 43 aayi ezhuthunnu, ellah samavaakyangalum ippol forrier aamplityoodukalkku baadhakamaayathinaal nammal tilde idunnu, 
formula _ 45 ennathu taranga ghatta vegathayaanu. ithu poyson samavaakyathilekku maattisthaapikkunnath oro padavum formula _ 36 nuu aanupaathikamaaya oru padaprayogam nalkunnu. swaabhaavika modukalude dispersion bandham kandethunnathinu, nammal formula _ 36 nonseeroykkulla pariharangal tirayukayum kandethukayum cheiyunnu
formula _ 48, ivide formula _ 49, athinaal ayoon bhinnasamkhyakal formula _ 50 thripthippeduthunnu, formula _ 51 ayoon speesheesukalude sharashari aanu. eee samavaakyathinte ekathaanamallaatha pathipp
formula _ 53 ulla formula _ 54 aanava pinda yoonit, formula _ 55,
formula _ 42 cheruthaanenkil (plasma ekadesha kanakk), namukk valathuvashathulla randaamathe padam avaganikkaam, koodaathe tharamgam keey-yill ninnu swathanthramaaya formula _ 59 ulla dispersionless formula _ 58 aanu.
chitharal bandham.
ayoon shabdatharamgangalkkaayi mukalil nalkiyirikkunna pothuvaaya dispersion bandham formula _ 60-ll oru oordar-enn polynomialinte (enn ayoon speesheesukalkk) roopathil vaykkaam. naam damping avaganichathinaal ellah verukalum riyal-positteev aayirikkanam. formula _ 61-nte rund adayaalangal valath, idathu chalikkunna tharamgangalumaayi poruthappedunnu. orotta ayoon inathinu,
nammal ippol onniladhikam ayoon speesheesukal pariganikkunnu, saadhaarana cases formula _ 63. formula _ 64-nuu, dispersion bandhathinu n-1 degenerate root formula _ 65, poojyamallaatha oru root ennivayundu.
eee poojyamallaatha roottine "phaast mooad" ennu vilikkunnu, kaaranam formula _ 59 saadhaaranayaayi ellah ayoon taapa vegathayekkaalum kooduthalaanu. formula _ 68-nte ekadesha phaast-mooad pariharam ithaanu
formula _ 64-nuu poojyamaaya n-1 verukale "slow modukal" ennu vilikkunnu, kaaranam formula _ 59 onno athiladhikamo ayoon speesheesukalude taapa vegathayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaano kuraykkukayo cheyyaam.
dutarium, trittiyam ionukal (soothravaakyam _ 72) ennivayude samadhruva misrithamaanu nuclear fusion. namukk poornna ionization (formula _ 73), thulya thaapanila (formula _ 74), polytrope eksponant formula _ 75 ennivayil vaidagdhyam nedaam, koodaathe formula _ 76 sambhavanaye avaganikkaam. dispersion relation _ 77 enna soothravaakyathil oru quadratic aayi maarunnu, athaayath
formula 79 upayogichu rund verukalum formula 80 aanennu nammal kandethunnu.
valare vyathyasthamaaya pindamulla rund ayoon speesheesukalulla onnaanu mattoru thaalpparyamulla cases. lazer-drivend inertial fusion gaveshanathinaayi nilavil hohlramukalil thaalpparyamulla svarnnathinteyum (a = 197) boroninteyum (a = 10.8) misrithamaanu oru udaaharanam. oru vyakthamaaya udaaharanathinu, rund ayoon speesheesukalkkum formula 81 umm formula 82 umm pariganikkuka, koodaathe boroninu z = 5 umm svarnnathinu z = 50 umm charge avasthakal pariganikkuka. boron aattomik fraction formula _ 83 nammal vyakthamakkiyittilla (nottu formula _ 84). athinaal, formula _ 85 umm formula _ 86 umm.
nanaykkunnu.
coolomb koottiyidi, koottiyidi illaatha lando damping ennivayaal ayoon shabda tharamgangal nanayunnu. electronukalilum ayonukalilum lando damping sambhavikkunnu, paaraameettarukale aashrayich aapekshika praadhaanyam undu.

