
suyang uparodham

tang sainyathinte vishwastha senayil ninnu suyang nagaram pidichedukkaan vimatha yaan sainyam aarambhicha lushan kalaapasamayathe oru sainika prachaaranamaayirunnu suyang () uparodham. yudhathil aathyanthikamayi yaan sainyam vijayichenkilum, athinu manushyashakthiyudeyum samayathinteyum valia nashtam neridendivannu. avasaanathe manushyan vare poraadaanulla tang sainyathinte dridanishchayathinum uparodha samayat sambhavicha valia thothilulla narabhojathinum eee yuddham shradheyamaayirunnu.
pashchaathalam.
755 desemberil oru lushan kalapam aarambhichu. 756 avasaanathode, vimatha yaan sainyam vadakkan chainayude bhooribhaagavum pidichedutthu, athil tang thalasthaanangalaaya changan, luvoyang enniva ulppettirunnu, koodaathe saamraajyathile janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum ivideyaayirunnu. angane yangsi nadeethadam tang raajavamshathinte yudhashramangalude pradhana aditharayaayi maari. 757 januvariyil puthuthayi svayam prakhyapitha yaan chakravarthiyaaya aan kwingsu general yang chausongumaayi chernnu suyang (innathe shaankhiyu, henan) uparodhikkaan generalinode utharavittu. pradhana nagarangalaya kaifenginum sooshouvinum idayil sthithicheyyunna grand kanaalinte tang kaalaghattatthile oru nagaramaayirunnu suyang. athinaal thalasthaanangalil ninnu thekkukizhakkan theerathekkulla vazhiyil, tang raajavamshathinte bread basket, vimatharkk eee nagaram oru pradhana thadassamaayi maari.
akkaalathe suyang prefecturinte administrettar, (), ayal nagarangalile gaarisanukalil ninnu sahayam abhyarthichu. akkaalat, tang sarkkaaril sevanamanushtichirunna munbu kaundi majistrettaayirunna shang suun, yongkhiyuvile sannadha prathirodhakkaarude neethaavaayirunnu. tang addehathinu henaante deputy "jeedushi" enna padavi nalkiyengilum oru shakthippeduthalo logistic pinthunayo nalkaan kazhinjilla. kazhinja varsham shang thante nagaratthile vimatha uparodham thadanjirunnu. ennirunnaalum, pradeshathe nagarangal oronnaayi veenathinethudarnnu, yongkhiyuvile thante sthaanam amgeekarikkaanaavaathathaayi shang pettennu manassilakki. suyaanginte thanthraparamaaya praadhaanyam thiricharinja addeham 3,000 pere athinte prathirodhatthe sahayikkaan nayichu. addeham athiyappol, shang suun suyaanginte sainika neethrthwam etteduthu. (), chengfuvile kaundi majistrettum suyaanginte prathirodhatthinu neethrthwam nalkaan ethi. athesamayam, yinn sikhi 130,000 perude oru sainyathe aninirathi januvari avasaanathode nagaram uparodhikkaan thudangi.
thudakkam.
ekadesham 6,800 peradangunna shang shunn, suu yuwan ennivarude ikyasainyam suyangine avarude jeevanode prathirodhikkaan thayyarayirunnu. vitharana maanejmentilum yudhaananthara attakuttappanikalkkum suu yuwan shradha kendreekarichu. maruvashathu shang suun yudhathanthrangalil shradha kendreekarichu.
yaan sainyam divasena uparodham nadathiyittum tang sainikar orikkalum pinmariyilla. shang sanninte sainyam raathriyil yuddha drummukal vaayikkukayum avar yuddham cheyyaan pookunnathupoole pravartthikkukayum cheythu. thathfalamaayi, yaan sainyam raathriyil kaaval nilkkaan nirbandhitharaakukayum urakkamillaayma anubhavikkukayum cheythu. oduvil, chila sainikar eee yuddha drummukal kettappol avarude ayudham dharikkan madikkukayum urangukayum cheythu. yaan sainyam avarude prathirodham kurachathinushesham, shatru campile aakramanathil 50 kuthirappadaye veetham nayikkaan prashastha ambeythukaaran (), () ennivarulppede oru dussen generalmaare shang suun ayachu. pathiyirunnu nadatthiya akramanam vijayikkukayum 5,000 yaan sainikar vadhikkappedukayum cheythu.
yaante manoveeryam vanthothil takarkkaan shang suun valarekkaalamaayi aagrahichirunnu, athinulla ettavum nalla maargam yaan general yinn sikiye vedanippikkukayo kollukayo cheyyuka ennathaanu. ennirunnaalum, yinn sikhi enganeyaayirikkumennu shang shunninu ariyillaayirunnu, addeham sainikarude mishrithathilaayirikkamnum paraamarsikkendathilla. athinaal shang suun manashaasthrathilekku thirinju. chila shatru sainikarkk nere ambukalkku pakaram kalakal vedivaykkaan addeham thante sainyathodu utharavittu. thangal kalakalaal vedivaykkappedukayum parikkelkkaathe avasheshikkukayum cheiyunnathu eee sainikar shradhichappol avar valareyadhikam santhoshichu. tang sainyathin ambukal theernnuvennu report cheyyaan avar udan thanne yinn sikiyude aduthekku oodi. sainikar oodippookunnathu shang suun shradhikkukayum thante ettavum mikacha ambeythukaaranaaya naan jiuninode yinn sikiye vedivaykkaan utharavidukayum cheythu. atharamoru ambu yinn sikiyude idathu kannil idichu yaan sainyathe thalkshanam kuzhappathilaakki. yaan manoveeryam pratheekshicha valia praharathode uparodham avasaanichu.
16 divasathe uparodhathinum pathiyirippinum sesham yaan sainyathin ithinakam 20,000 pere nashtappettu. thante sainyam poraadaan kazhiyaathavidham ksheenithamaanennu yinn sikhi theerumaanichathinaal veendum groupucheyyaan thaalkkaalika pinwangan addeham utharavittu. rund maasathinu sesham 20,000 puthiya sainikarumaayi yinn sikhi suyang uparodhathilekku madangi.
thudakkathil, suyanginullil oru varshathe vilamathikkunna bhakshanam sambharichukondu suu yuwan varaanirikkunna yudhathinu thayyaaredutthirunnu. ennaal aduthulla mattu kottakalumaayi valia bhakshya vitharanam pankidanamennu jilla govarnor nirbandhichirunnu, athinaal bhakshya vitharanam yadhaarthathil aasoothranam cheythathinekkaal valare kuravaayirunnu. joolaiyode tang sainikar kadutha bhakshyakshaamathilekku vazhuthiveenu. tang sainikarkk valare cheria dainamdina arrie ration nalki. avarkk kooduthal bhakshanam venamenkil, avarude sameepat kaanavunna mrugangal, praanikal, marangalude verukal enniva avarkk vendivarum.
tang sainyathe badhikkunna shaamam yinn sikhi shradhichu; athinaal addeham kooduthal sainikarodu suyangine valayanamennu utharavittu. uparodha padikal upayogichu addeham niravadhi uparodha sramangal nadathiyenkilum avayellaam nischayadaartyamulla tang sainyathaal pinthirippikkappettu. kottayude gopurangal thazheyirakkaan sramikkaan yinn sikhi kattiyulla valicha vandikal polum upayogichu, parimithamaaya vijayathode. valia naashanashtangal sambhavikkunnathin munbu eee vandikalude hook nasippikkaan tang sainikarkk kazhinju. ennaal yudhavijayathode polum, ekadesham 1,600 sainikar maathrame avasheshikkunnulloovennum avaril bhooribhaagavum rogikaloo vishakkunnavaro aanennum shang shunninu ariyamaayirunnu, yuddham udan thanne nashtappedum.
aagastode uparodhikkapetta pradeshathe ellah praanikalum mrugangalum sasyangalum bhakshikkapettu. naan jiyooninte keezhil thante ettavum mikacha 30 sainikarodu kadannupokaanum aduthulla kottakalil ninnu sahayam chodikkaanum shang suun utharavittu. naan jiyoon mattu 26 perum vijayakaramaayi kadannupoyi. ennirunnaalum, aduthulla praadeshika govarnarmaar aarum sainyavum bhakshya vitharanavum nalkaan thayyarayilla. oduvil, aduthulla linhuvaayiyile gavarnaraaya ()-ll ninnu naan jiun sahayam abhyarthichu. shang sanninte kazhivukalil valarekkaalamaayi helenu asooyayundaayirunnu. thante sainyathe samrakshikkanum addeham aagrahichathinaal shang shoonine sahayikkaan addeham visammathichu. pakaram, thante raankukalil cheraan thanne bodhyappedutthaan addeham oru valia virunnorukki. naan marupadi nalki, "oru maasathilereyaayi praadeshika pouranmaarkkum ente sakhaakkalkkum bhakshanam labhikkaathathaan ivide varaan njaan ente jeevan apakadatthilaakkiyathinte kaaranam. ente sakhaakkal enthaanu abhimukeekarikkunnathenna ariyumbol enikku engane ithrayum valia oru virunnedukkaam? njaan ente dauthyathil paraajayappettenkilum, njaan ivide vannittundennathinte thelivaayi njaan ningalodoppam oru viral vidum."thottupinnaale, naan jiun swantham viralukalilonnu murichu (allengil, chila pathippukalil, murichu). helante nishkriyathvathil prakopithanaaya addeham pinneedu oodippoyi, pakshe aduthulla oru kshethrathile budhaprathimaykku nere ambu eriyunnathinu munballa, "shathruvine paraajayappeduthi njaan madangiyethiyaal, njaan theerchayaayum helane kollum! eee ambu ente dridanishchayam kaanikkunnu."
naan jiyooninte dheerata oduvil oru praadeshika gavarnaraaya lian huwan (<unk>) neey 3,000 sainikare addehathinu vaaypa nalkaan prerippichu. iruvarum yaan sainyathiloode suyangilekku madangi. yaan sainyathinte niravadhi raankukaliloode pooraadunnathu doshakaramaayirunnu, purathuninnulla 1,000 sainikar maathramaan kottaykkullil athiyathu.
pattini kidanna ekadesham 1,600 tang sainikar purathuninnulla sahayathinte abhaavathil niraasharaayi. mikkavarum ellaavarum saang shoonine keezhadangan prerippikkaano thekk rakshappedaan enthengilum vazhi kandethaano shramichu. shang shoonum suu yuvans ithu charcha cheyyukayum "suyang veenu poyaal, thekkan chainayude backie bhagangal keezhadakkaan yaan swathanthranaayirikkumenna" suu yuwan nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu. athinumukalil, nammude sainikaril bhooribhaagavum oodaathirikkaan kazhiyaathavidham ksheenitharum vishakkunnavarumaan. njangalkk avasheshikkunna oreyoru maarggam kazhiyunnathra kaalam prathirodhikkuka ennathaanu, aduthulla oru govarnor vannu njangale sahaayikkumenn prathekshikkunnu."shang suun addehathodu yojichu. shang suun thante sheshikkunna sainyathodu prakhyaapichu, "aduthulla govarnarmaar nishkalankaraayirikkaam, pakshe namukk avishwasthatha pularthaan kazhiyilla. bakkiyulla tanginu prathirodham thayyarakkanulla mattoru divasamaanu namukk pidichunilkkaan kazhiyunna mattoru divasam. avasaanam vare njangal poraadum."
narabhojithvam.
uparodhikkapetta nagaratthile nivaasikalkk bhakshanasadhanangal theernnappol avar aadyam kuthirakaleyum pinneedu "prayamaayavareyum kuttikaleyum sthreekaleyum" bhakshikkaan thudangi. eee sambhavam ulkkollunna audyogika rajavamshacharithrangal kanakkaakkunnath 60,000 aalukalude yadhaartha janasamkhyayude pakuthiyolam aalukal bhakshichathaanu. oduvil nagaram thakarnnappol, "400 perr maathrame athijeevichirunnulloo"-yadhaartha janasamkhyayude oru sathamaanathil thaazhe.
taanginte pazhaya pusthakam" anusarichu, atharam theevramaaya thyagangal vilamathikkunnathaanennu vishakkunna sainikare bodhyappeduthunnathinayi shang suun swantham veppattiye bhakshanamaayi konnu.
charitraparamaaya srothassukal soochippikkunnathu lingabhedam, praayam ennivayekkurichu vyakthamaaya srenikalundaayirunnu... aaraan marikkendathennum aaraan jeevikkendathennum nirnnayikkunnath sthreekal (veppaattiyeppolullavar) aadyam kollappettu, pinneedu "vrudharum cheria aankuttikalum pinthudarnnu", athesamayam pooraadunna praayathilulla purushanmaare pothuve ozhivaakki.
taanginte puthiya pusthakam" sambhavangalekkurichulla samanamaaya oru vivaranam ulkkollukayum avayude dhaarmika prathyaaghaathangal charcha cheythukondu avasanippikkukayum cheiyunnu, "vyakthikalude vidhi sainika lakshyangalekkaal pradhaanamallenn karuthunna oru manobhaavam" kaanikkunnu
suyaanginte pathanam.
tang sainikar october aadyam vare poraadi. oduvil, 400 ll thaazhe aalukal jeevichirippundaayirunna, ambukal eriyaanulla shakthiyillaatha aalukal, suyang yaan sainyathinte keezhilaayi. veezhchaykk munbu shang suun paranju, "njangalkk shakti theernnirikkunnu, inii kottaye prathirodhikkaan kazhiyilla. jeevithathil chakravarty paraajayappedutthiyittundum, maranashesham shathrukkale kollunnath thudarumennu njangal prathekshikkunnu."
shang suun, naan jiun, suu yuwan ennivareyellaam pidikoodi. sishi tongjian" enna vaakkukalil paranjathupole, yinn sikhi shang shooninodu chodichu "ningal pooraadumbozhellaam ningalude annukal keerukayum pallukal pottukayum cheiyunnuvennu njaan kettu. enthukondu?"shang suun marupadi paranju," enikku vimatha raajyadrohikale vizhunganam, pakshe enikku avare kelkkaan kazhiyunnilla."yinn sikhi pinneedu shang sanninte pallukal parisodhikkaan oru kataara upayogichu avante pallukal thurakkukayum, shang sanninte moonno naalo pallukal ozhike matellaam pottukayum cheythu. shang suun oduvil paranju, "njaan ente chakravarthikku vendi marikkunnu, athinaal njaan samaadhaanathode marikkum."
keezhadangan shang shoonine bodhyappedutthaan kazhiyaathe vanna yaan sainyam pinneedu nann jiyoonine keezhadangan prerippikkaan shramichenkilum addeham samsarikkaan visammathichu. shang suun avanodu paranju, "ettaamathe sahodaran naan! ellah dhirarum maranathe abhimukeekarikkunnu. aneethikalkku vazhangaruth!"naan jiun marupadi paranju," (keezhadangukayum jeevikkukayum cheythukondu) valia karyangal cheyyaan njaan uddeshichirunnu, pakshe ningalkk enne nannayi ariyaam. ningal angane paranjaal, marikkathirikkaan enikku engane dhairyam varum?"pinneedu addeham keezhadangan visammathichu.
shang sanninte dheerathayeyum commanding kazhivukaleyum prashamsicha yinn sikhi, shang sann, naan jiun, suu yuwan ennivare yaan raankukalil cheraan prerippikkaan parajayappettu. thante thadavukaarilninnu kooduthal apakadasaadhyathayundaakumenna bhayann, liie vaanchoon, yaavo kuun ennivarulppede 33 vishwastharaaya unnatha sainikarkoppam moonnu pereyum yinn vadhichu. uparodhathinte avasaanathode yaan sainyathin suyaanginaayi 400 ladhikam yudhangalil 120,000 pere nashtappettu.
anantharafalangal.
oro yudhathilum kooduthal ennam vardhichuvenkilum, niravadhi valia yaan aakramanangale pinthirippikkaan shang shunninu kazhinju. shang sanninte dridanishchayam kaaranam, vibhavangal niranja thekkan chaina ekadesham rund varshatholam vimatharil ninnu bheeshaniyilaayilla. ithrayum valia yaan sainyam ulkkadalil undayirunnathinaal, yudhathinaayi kooduthal sainikare shekharikkaan tang sainyathin vibhavangal upayogikkaan kazhinju. ithu tang sainyathin veendum onnikkaanum yaan sainyathe thirichadikkaanum mathiyaya samayam nalki.
yongkhiyu, suyang yudhangalkku munbu, yaan sainyam tang raajavamshathe muzhuvan keezhadakkaan uddeshichirunnu. raajyathudaneelam avarude motham sainika valippam 300,000-thiladhikam purushanmarayirunnu, ithu akkaalat tang sainyathin vaagdaanam cheyyaan kazhiyunnathilum valare kooduthalaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee rund yudhangalkkum sesham veliyettam maarukayum manushyashakthiyilum upakaranagalilum tang sainyam melkkai pidikkukayum cheythu. yongkhiyuvilum suyangilum yaan sainyam vijayichenkilum aaa yudhangalil nikathaanaavaattha nashtam neridendi vannu. oru varsham munbu thanne yaan sainyam suyang keezhadakkiyirunnenkil 757 oode tang avasaanikkumaayirunnu. suyang akramanam kalaapathinte vazhithirivayi adayaalappeduthi.
paarambaryamaayi.
yudhaanantharam, shang shunineyum suu yuvansineyum saamraajyathva sarkkarum saakshikalum vishwasthathayudeyum deshasnehathinteyum pratheekangalayi kooduthalaayi chithreekarichu. shang shunninu maranananthara bahumathiyayi award nalkaanulla tang kodathi padhathiyil aadyam vivaadangal nerittathu uparodhathile bahujana narabhojithatthe thudarnnaanu. ennirunnaalum, tang vijayathin addeham nalkia sambhavanakal aaa aashankakalekkaal valare kooduthalaanennu oduvil theerumaanichu. aadyam suyangilum pinneedu chaangaanile lingyan pavaliyanilum saanginteyum shuvinteyum bahumaanaartham aaraadhanaalayangal nirmikkappettu, avide tang charithratthile ettavum aadaraneeyaraaya udyogastharkkum generalukalkkum oppam avare aaraadhikkappettu.
kaavalkkaarude dheerathayude kathakal tang-soong kaalaghattatthile prashastha ezhuthukaarudeyum kavikaludeyum kruthikalil alankarichirunnu, athaayath gavo shhii, hahn yuu, liu songyuvaan, wang anshi, sima gwang, oayaang siyu, huwang tingjian. mangolian adhiniveshathe neridaan prathirodhatthe prachodippikkunnathinaayi saang suun, suu yuwan ennivarude kathakal vishwasthathayudeyum sthirothsaahathinteyum udaaharanangalaayi antharicha gaana raashtreeyakkaaranaaya wenn tiansiyaanginte oru janapriya kavita udharichu. tang, soong, ming rajavamshangalellaam shaanginteyum shuvinteyum bahumaanaartham samsthaana chadangukal samghadippichu; chila pradeshangalil shang shunn chainees naadodi mathavishwaasikal daivamaayi aaraadhikkukayum cheythu. athesamayam, jeevithathilo maranatthilo polum bhakshanathinuvendiyulla kolapathakam amgeekarikkaruthennu abhipraayappettukondu thathwachinthakanaaya wang fushi prathirodhakare rookshamaayi vimarshichu. maruvashathu "taanginte puthiya pusthakam" avarude pravartthanangale prathirodhichu.