lohangalude samrakshanavum punasthaapanavum

lohangalude samrakshanavum punasthaapanavum ennathu bhaagikamaayo poornnamaayo lohatal nirmmicha charitraparamaaya (mathaparavum kalaparavum saankethikavum vamsheeyavumaaya) puraavastu vasthukkaludeyum samrakshanathinum samrakshanathinumaayi neekkivachirikkunna pravarthanamaanu. saadhanangalude thakarcha thadayukayo mandagathiyilaakkukayo cheiyunnathinum saamskaarika paithruka vasthukkalude labhyathayum vaayanakshamathayum mechappeduthunnathinum lakshyamitulla ellah pravartthanangalum ithil ulppedunnu. lohangal thaarathamyena sthiravum sthirathayullathumaaya vasthukkalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnundu, paristhithiyumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthumbol avaa kramena vashalaakunnu, chilath vegathilum chilath valare mandagathiyilum. puraavastu kandethalukalkk ithu prathyekichum baadhakamaan.
lohangalum kshayam varuthanulla ejantumaarum.
loha vasthukkalude nashamo paristhithiyumaayulla edapedaliloode vasthukkalude kshayam sambhavikkukayo aanu kshayam sambhavikkunnathinulla oru pradhana kaaranam. charitraparamaaya vasthukkalude thakarchayude ettavum swaadheenamulla gadakangal aapekshika eerppavum vaayu malineekaranavumaanennu choondikkaanikkanam, athesamayam puraavastu vasthukkalil mannil ghadana, aazham, eerppam, vaathakangalude alavu ennivayil nirnaayaka punk vahikkunnu. samudrathilo shudhajalathilo layikkunna lavanangalude alavum ghadanayum, jalathinte aazham, alinja vaathakangalude alavu, jalapravaahangalude disha, sookshuma, sthoola jeevikalude punk ennivayaanu kshayathinte ettavum pradhanappetta gadakangal.
bandhapetta vasthukkal jaivamo ajaivamo aaya vasthukkalaanenkilum avayude uthbhavathe aashrayich vashalaakunnu. jaivavasthukkal saadhaaranayaayi thaarathamyena churungiya samayathinullil paraajayappedunnu, pradhaanamaayum jaiva naseekaranam moolamaanu. ajaiva padaarthangalulla eee prakriyakal ganyamaayi dairkhyameriyathum kooduthal sankeernavumaanu. vaathakangalude alavu, eerppam, aazham, manninte ghadana enniva valare pradhaanamaan. vellathil layikkunna vaathakangalude alavu, jalathinte aazham, pravaahangalude disha, sookshuma, macroscopic jeevikal enniva lavanavum maduramullathumaaya jalam kandethunnathinu athyaavasyamaanu.
kshayam ejantumaar.
shaareerika shakti.
chila saahacharyangalil balaheenatayum potalum prakadippikkumenkilum shakthavum prathirodhasheshiyullathumaayi kanakkaakkappedunna loha vasthukkalkk kedupaadukal varuthunnathinulla ettavum saadhaaranamaaya maargangalilonnaanu bhauthikashakthi.apakadangalil undaakunna pottal, dents, poralukal, anuchithamaya sambharanam, mounting, thettaaya kaikaaryam cheyyal, amita polishing enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
thee.
mattu lohangalkk theeyil ninnu thanne apakadasaadhyathayillenkilum puka moolamundaakunna malineekaranamaanu apakadasaadhyathayenn karuthappedunnundengilum puter allengil ledu-tinn polulla kuranja dravanaankamulla aloykal thee moolamundaakunna kedupaadukalkk saadhyathayund.
vellam.
vellavumayulla sanbarkkam allengil poornnamaayum vellathil mungunnath oru paridhivare naashanashtatthilekku nayikkum. vellam kooduthal ooksijan adangiyirikkunnatho allengil vellathil adangiyirikkunna uppinte uyarnna alavo lohathilekku kooduthal vegathilum aakramanathmakamaayum naashanashtatthinu kaaranamakum. jalavumaayi hraswakaala sanbarkkam "druthagathiyilulla uparithala naashathinu kaaranamakum, udaaharanathinu thalkshanam nananja irumbiloo urukkilo flash thurumbedukkunnathu."irumbineyum urukkineyum ettavum kooduthal baadhikkunnath vellamaan. 
malineekarana vasthukkal.
lohangalude kshayam vardhippikkunnathinte ettavum saadhaaranamaaya ejantumaaril onnaanu anthareeksha malineekaranavasthukkal, tinn, tinn aloykale ettavum kooduthal baadikkukayum naashanashtatthinu kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya malineekaranavastukkalil azhukk, masil, podi, rasavasthukkal enniva ulppedunnu. viraladayaalangal, lavanangal, phaatti aasidukal, poolish avashishtangal ennivayum naashanashtatthinu kaaranamakum.
thettaaya thapanilayum aapekshika eerppavum.
uyarnna thaapanila raasapravarthanangaludeyum naashanashtangaludeyum nirakk vardhippikkunnu. thaapanila aapekshika eerppatheyum badhikkunnu, athinaal ithu nireekshikkukayum niyanthrikkukayum venam. aapekshika eerppam (65 sathamaanavum athil kooduthalum) kooduthalaanengil, naashanashtatthinulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. uyarnna eerppam ettavum kuranja thothil baadhikkunnath ledaanu.
loha samrakshana aasoothranam.
mattethoru vasthuvinteyum samrakshanavum punarudhaarana pravartthanangalum pole, nirvvahanatthinte gunanilavaaratthe adisthaanamaakkiyulla samrakshana-punarudhaaranatthinte adisthaana thathwangalum vasthukkalude saamskaarikavum charitraparavum saankethikavumaaya swathuathinteyum samagrathayudeyum saadhyamaaya ettavum mikacha samrakshanavum ivideyundu. kuranja edapedal, reversability, munganana chikilsayude aavarthanakshamatha enniva anivaaryamaan, athupole thanne punasthaapicha bhagangal eluppathil thirichariyaanulla saadhyathayum aavasyamaanu. aduthide, samrakshanathinu upayogikkunna vasthukkaludeyum kansarvettar restorarinteyum visharahita swabhaavavum nadapadikramangalum oru prakadanakkaaranenna nilayil mathramalla paristhithiyumaayi bandhapettum pradhaanamaayitheernnu.
gaveshanam.
innathe kaalath, lohangalude samrakshana chikilsayude avibhaajya gadakamaanu shaasthreeya gaveshanam, athil vasthuvinte samrakshanathilum paricharanatthilum enthaanu cheyyendathennu nirnnayikkaan vyathyastha shaasthreeya reethikalum saankethikavidyakalum sahayikkunnu. oru vasthuvinte avastha nannayi manasilakkunnathinum nirnnayikkunnathinum phalapradamaaya chikilsaykkaayi padhathikal thayyarakkunnathinum oru vasthuvinte nirmmaanatthil upayogikkunna vasthukkalum saankethikavidyakalum kansarvettarmaar anweshikkunnu. 
theerumaanamedukkal.
loha samrakshana padhathiyude thanthram thayyarakkunnathil, oru inter disciplinary sameepanam anivaaryamaan. kazhiyunnathra vidagdhar thammilulla pankaalitthavum adutha sahakaranavum ithu soochippikkunnu. kuranjathu, curator (puraavastu gaveshakan, charithrakaaran allengil kalaa charithrakaaran), saamskaarika paithrukathile loha vasthukkalude naashanathil vaidagdhyam nediya oru shaasthranjan, kansarvettar allengil ristorar ennivar padhathiyil ulppedanam.
rekhakal.
gunanilavaara samrakshanathinum punasthaapana chikilsaykkum chittayayathum nannayi kaikaaryam cheyyappettathumaaya documentation oru avashya munvyavasthayaanu, kaaranam "vasthuvum edapedalum rekhappeduthaathe oru samrakshana chikitsa ettedukkunnathu sveekaaryamaayi kanakkakkappedunnilla."samrakshana rekhakalil chikilsaykku munbum sheshavum vasthuvinte avastha ulppeduthanam. vasthuvinte avastha vilayiruthaan upayogikkunna eathu saankethikavidyayum rekhappeduthanam. samrakshana documentatione oru 'vaadaka vasthu' yaayum kaanaan kazhiyum, athinaal vasthukkalude kaikaaryam cheyyal kuraykkumbol vivarangalilekkulla praveshanam vardhippikkaan uddeshichulla prathirodha samrakshana thanthrangalude bhagamaakaam."rekhakal thayyarakkanulla aavasyakathakal oro sthaapanathilum vyathyasthamaanenkilum, mikka rekhakalum thaazhepparayunnava ulppede ore pothuvaaya formet pinthudarunnu
loha samrakshanathile daarmikathayum dhaarmika prashnangalum.
thathwathil loha vasthukkalude samrakshanathekkurichulla dhaarmika ashayam saamskaarika paithrukathinte samrakshana-punarudhaaranatthinte mattu mekhalakalile athe aashayamaanu.
ennirunnaalum, lohangalude samrakshanathil maathram kaanaan kazhiyunna niravadhi prathyeka prashnangalund; puraavastu vasthukkalude taapa samskaranathile prashnangalum charitraparavum saankethikavum vaasthuvidhyaaparavumaaya vasthukkalude samoolamaaya punasthaapana prashnavum.
aadya cases prashnam praadhamikamaayi vilapetta shaasthreeya daattayude naashathilaanu, saankethika, vasthuvidyaa, charitraparamaaya vasthukkalude kaaryatthile prasnangal samoolamaayi punasthaapikkappetta enangal vasthuvinte yadhaartha roopathe maathram anukarikkunnu ennathaanu, athinaal aaa vasthuvine erekkure vyaajamaayi kanakkakkaam, ithu deerghakaalamaayi nashtappettatho orikkalum nilavillillaathatho aaya oru vasthuvinte avasthaye maathrame upariplavamaayi anukarikkunnulloo. saadhyamaakumbozhellaam yadhaartha charitraparamaaya padaarthangalude samrakshanamaanu munganana nalkunnathu.
vishudha loha paithruka vasthukkalude samrakshanavumaayi bandhapetta dhaarmika prashnangalum ulppeduthaam.
prathirodha samrakshanam.
kalakshan cair allengil risk maanejment ennum ariyappedunna prathirodha samrakshanam, oru vasthuvinte ayuss vardhippikkunnathinu sweekaricha ellah nadapadikalum ulkkollunnu."museum nayatthinte oru pradhana gadakamaanithu. museum professionile amgangale avarude samrakshanathilulla shekharangalkkaayi oru samrakshana anthareeksham srishtikkaanum paripalikkaanum chumathalappeduthiyittundu. oru nalla prathirodha samrakshana paripadi, kedupaadukalude ejantumaare thadayukayo ozhivaakkukayo kuraykkukayo cheythukondu samrakshana chikilsayude aavasyakatha kuraykkunnu. adiyanthara aasoothranam, paristhithi samrakshanangal, nireekshanam enniva ellaatharam prathirodha samrakshanangalaan. shekharanagal samrakshikkunnathinulla puthiya vazhikal shaasthreeya gaveshanam kandethunnathu thudarunnu. innu vividha nireekshana upakaranangal oru duranthamaakunnathinu munbu vinashakaramaaya pravartthanangal nirnnayikkaan sahayikkunna kshayichathinte ejantumaarilum mattu maattangalilum undaakunna mattangal nireekshikkaan sahayikkunnu. valathuvashathulla chithratthil villalile mattangal nireekshikkunnathinaayi liberty bellil oru upakaranam gadippichirikkunnu. loha paithruka vasthukkal prakashavum ultraviolet prakashavum, thaapanila, aapekshika eerppam, vellam, eerppam, vividha malineekaranavasthukkal, prathyekichu chloride lavanangal ennivayodu sanbarkkam pularthunnathu polulla paaristhithika saahacharyangalodu sensitiivu aanu. vellapokkam allengil theepidittham polulla prakrithi duranthangalude bheeshanikalil ninnulla samrakshanathinulla samrakshanangal aasoothranam cheyyukayum, thakarchayude ellah ejantumaareyum surakshithamaaya paridhikkullil nilanirthukayum avayude ettakkurachilukal niyanthrikkukayum cheiyunna oru anthareeksham nilanirthukayum cheyyendathundu. 
sambharanathilaayaalum pradarshanathilaayaalum traansit lohangalilayaalum mithamaaya kaalaavasthayil ettavum nannayi samrakshikkappedunnu, athu angeyattatthe thapanilayum arh ettakkurachilukalum ozhivaakkukayum pakal velicham ozhivaakkukayum koodaathe/allengil ultraviolet prakashavum infrared vikiranavum filter cheyyukayum cheiyunnu, vaayu malineekaranam shekharana samrakshanathinu uchithamaaya anthareeksham nalkunnu." 
niyantrithamaaya oru paristhithiykku malinamaaya vaayu, podi, ultraviolet vikiranam, amithamaya aapekshika eerppam ennivayil ninnu lohangale samrakshikkaan kazhiyum-anuyojyamaaya moolyangal 16-20 °C thapanilayum 40 sathamaanam vare (sameepakaala canadian kansarveshan instittyoott shupaarshakal anusarichu 35-55%) aapekshika eerppavumaanu, lohathe jaiva vasthukkalumayi samyojippichaal aapekshika eerppam 45 sathamaanathil thaazheyaakaruth. puraavastu vasthukkal valare kuranja aapekshika eerppamulla murikalil (allengil plaastik boxukal) sookshikkunnathaanu ettavum nallath, avaa oru bogil ninno uyarnna jala parithasthithiyil ninno aanenkil ozhike, paristhithiyumaayi sariyaaya santhulithaavastha kandethendathundu. prathyekichu vilapetta vasthukkal naitrajan allengil aargon polulla nishkriya vaathakam upayogichu seal cheytha micro-klaimat kandeynarukalil sthaapikkaam. kuranja aapekshika eerppamulla lohangalkk kooduthal falapradamaanan chembu allengil chembu aloy vasthukkal 35 sathamaanam arh vareyum irumbu vasthukkal 12-15% arh vareyum. 
vrithiyullathum nannayi chittappeduthiyathumaaya sambharana mekhalakal pradhaanamaanengilum paristhithiyile vasthukkalum pariganikkunnu. maram, maram adisthaanamaakkiyulla uthppannangal (kanika board, plywood) vaathakam illaathaavukayum lohangal vashalaakukayum cheyyum. stainless steel allengil chlorin, asattett rahita plaastik allengil podi pothinja steel enniva upayogichu nirmmikkumbozhaanu store roomukalile shelfukal mikachathu. rubber, feeld, kambili allengil nammude charmmatthile enna enniva upayogichu lohangalkk kedupaadukal sambhavikkam, athinaal loha vasthukkal kaikaaryam cheyyumbol parutthi kayyurakal dharikkan shupaarsha cheiyunnu. oru loha vasthuvinoppam allengil athinte oru bhaagamaayi sambharichirikkunna mattu vasthukkal paristhithiye baadhikkukayo baadhikkukayo cheythekkaam. udaaharanathinu, jaivavasthukkal eerppam nilanirthukayo lohangalekkaal vashalakaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalo aakam. ithu lohangalude sthirathaye baadhichekkaam. 
loha samrakshanathinaayi lighting levelukal 300 luxil thazheyaayi sookshikkunnathaanu nallath (lackward allengil peyint cheytha vasthukkalude kaaryatthil 150 luxes vare, laitt sensitiivu metteeriyalukalulla vasthukkalude kaaryatthil 50 luxes vare) elidi laittukalum filterukalum ulppede niravadhi lighting oopshanukal labhyamaan. 
lohangalude avastha nireekshikkunnathu eppol, eppol, punasthaapikkal samrakshana pravartthanangalum koodaathe/allengil yogyathayulla kansarvettarude sevanangalum ulppede mattu samrakshana nadapadikal aavashyamaano ennu nirnnayikkaan sahayikkunnu. ezhuthappettatho varachatho photoyedutthatho aakatte, oru loha vasthuvinte documentation kaalakramena vasthuvinte mattangal rekhappeduthum. ithu sradhikkappedaathe pookukayum thirichariyalum laghookarikkalum saadhyamaakkunna mandagathiyilulla thakarchaye anuvadikkunnu.
idakkaala samrakshanam.
oru vasthuvinte bhouthikavum koodaathe/allengil raasa vashangalum samrakshikkunnathino/allengil punasthaapikkunnathino ulla shramathil maattam varuthanulla oru nuzhanjukayattavum manahpoorvamaaya sramavumaanu interventive kansarveshan allengil treatment. "enn. pii. ezz maanejment nayangalkkanusrithamaayi, samrakshana chikilsakal avasana resortaayi nadathukayum ettavum kuranja alavil sookshikkukayum reversible aayirikkanam."samrakshanathinte dhaarmmikathayude pradhana vakthaakkalil oraal onnum cheyyaathirikkuka ennathaanu. yadhaartha vasthukkal samrakshikkunnathum aakramanathmaka chikilsakal kuraykkunnathum vasthukkalude soundarya, puraavastu, saamskaarika, charitra, bhauthika, matha, shaasthreeya samagrathayil vittuveezhcha cheyyaanulla saadhyatha kuraykkunnu."oru vasthu vighadikkumbozho durbalamaakumbozho interventive chikilsakal aavasyamaanu, koodaathe chikitsa vasthuvine samrakshikkukayum koodaathe/allengil kshayathe thadayukayum cheyyum. drishya pradarshanathinum avatharanathinumaayi oru vasthu punasthaapikkunnathinum bandhapetta kakshikalumaayulla charchakalum charchakalum munkootty chinthikkenda oru saadhyathayund. vastuvinum sahacharyathinum oru punasthaapikkalum thadassappeduthalumulla chikilsayil mikacha theerumaanam edukkaan aasoothranam sahayikkum. mattu pala venkala prathimakalkum samaanamaayi, porchugalile josafinte prathimaykku oru prathirodha samrakshana chikitsa undaayirunnu. pattina neekkam cheyyaanulla samrakshana theerumaanam mikkavarum rund kaaranangalal sambhavichu. onnamathaayi, ithu prathimayude drishya bhavam mechappeduthunnu; randaamathaayi, pattina ennathu lohathe pathukke nasippikkunna oru naasha prakriyayaan.
sradheyamaaya mettal kansarvettarukalum samghadanakalum.
loha samrakshanavumaayi bandhapetta perillaattha niravadhi aalukal undu. 
undu munbu.
purathana naagarikathakal ezhu lohangal upayogichu irumbu, tinn, eeyam, chembu, merkuri, velli, svarnnam enniva alankaaravasthukkalaayum mathaparamaya karakaushala vasthukkalaayum aayudhangalaayum. lohangal pradhanamaayirunnu, bisi 8,700 kaalaghattatthil vadakkan iraakhil ninnulla chembu pendantaayi sweekaricha samrakshana nadapadikalum bisi 4450 ll bulgarian varna shavakudeerathil ninnulla swarnna karakaushala vasthukkalum mikkavarum minukkiyathum vilayeriya lohamaayi vilamathikkappettathumaan.
 marcus ooreliyasinte roman venkala smaarakathil ekadesham 176 sii yill nirmmichathinushesham samrakshana punasthaapanangalude niravadhi adayaalangalundu.iii..
1800-kaludeyum 1900-kaludeyum thudakkathilum.
kanakkaakkappettirunnu avasaanathinu munbu, vasthukkalude vasthukkal parichayamulla karakaushala vidagtharude punarnirmmanavum attakuttappanikalum ulppedunna chikilsaareethikal, naashanashtam oru tharam baakteeriyaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. kanakkaakkappettirunnu avasaanathode, shaasthranjar kshayam, nasham ennivayude kaaranagal manasilakkaan thudangi. 1888-ll flindezhs petri (1853-1942) cheria vasthukkalude khananatheyum samrakshanatheyum kurichu oru lekhanam prasidheekarikkukayum jarmman rasathanthranjanaaya friedrich ratgan (1862-1942) berlinile royal myoosiyangalude kemikkal laboratariyude aadya director mathramalla, oru museum laboratariyil jolie cheiyunna aadya shaasthranjanum aayi. chloride lavanangal illaathaakkaan royal myoosiyathile eejipshyan venkala shekharathile naashanashtamundaakkunna pattina neekkam cheyyaan ratjen electrolytic reduction upayogichu. noottaandinte thudakkathil franch rasathanthranjanaaya marsellin berthalot (1827-1907) franch akkadami oof sayansinu munnil niravadhi prabandhangal avatharippichu, venkalathinteyum velliyudeyum karakaushalavasthukkalude thakarchaykku kaaranam nasippikkunna chloride lavanangalude chaakrika prakriyayaanennu prasthaavichu. eerppam kaaranam lohathinte raasa parivartthanam manasilakkaan ratjen venkala rogathekkurichulla shaasthreeya gaveshanam thudarnnu. museum aartifaakt samrakshanathinu oru shaasthreeya reethi prayogicha ratgan, thante bhouthikavum rasaparavumaaya reethikalekkurichulla gaveshanam, vikasanam, prayogam, prasidheekaranam enniva thudarukayum prayogatthinulla maargganirddeshangal roopappeduthukayum cheythukondu, staanderdinte sveekaaryathayil addeham oru pradhana shakthiyaayi maari. aadhunika raasasamrakshana shaasthrathinte sthaapakanaayi kanakkaakkappedunna addeham, prasidheekarikkunna aadyathe samboornnamaaya samrakshana chikitsa kaippustakam ezhuthunnu. 1898ll aadyamaayi prasidheekarikkappetta eee [puraavasthukkalude samrakshanam] 1905ll engleeshilekku vivarthanam cheyyappedukayum ippozhum achadiyilaanu.
vishadeekaranangalilonnu madhyathil.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu (ibluedablue) bombaakramanasamayathu, myoosiyangal avarude shekharangal vividha sthalangalilekku maattikkond samrakshichu. palarum nananja lunden thurankangalilekku pooyi. yudhaanantharam, bomb pottikkappedaathe vanna bhaagyathinu britiish museum shekharam veendum koottichertthu. uyarnna eerppathil rund varshathinusesham, lohathinte nasham, pooppal, uppu ennivayude pooppal ennivayaal vasthukkalkk saaramaayi kedupaadukal sambhavichu. 1920ll britiish research laborattariyaayi maariyathil shaasthreeya gaveshana director scotish alexander skottine (rasathanthranjan) (dii. aii. dii. 2) shaasthra-vyaavasaayika gaveshana vakupp (yunaittad kingdom) niyamichu. 1922ll kansarvettarum puraavastu gaveshakanumaaya harold plenderlith (<aii. dii. 1>) oru museum laborattariyumayi affiliate cheytha aadyathe muzhuvan samaya rasathanthranjanaayi. druthagathiyilulla thakarchayude asthirathayekkurichu padikkumbol avar orumichu yunaittad kingdatthile aadyathe shaasthreeya samrakshanam aarambhichu. 1934-ll, harrold plenderlath "puraavasthukkalude samrakshanam" prasidheekarichu, athil lohangalude samrakshanathekkurichum innu namukkariyavunna kshayam varuthunnathinulla ejantumaarekkurichum supradhana vivarangal adangiyirikkunnu. 
adangiyirikkunnu 1930kalilum padinjaaran europileyum americayileyum sthaapanangal attakuttappanikalkk munbu karakaushala vasthukkal thadayendathinte aavasyakatha amgeekarikkukayum vipulamaaya padanangal nadathukayum cheythu. niravadhi valia myoosiyangal avarude sthaapanangalil gaveshana laborattarikal chertthu. 1931ll leag oof neshansinte anthaaraashtra musea oafees romil shaasthreeya reethi prayogangalekkurichulla avarude aadya samrakshana sammelanam nadatthi. 1946ll paareesil nadanna aadya pothusammelanatthiloode internaashanal kaunsil oof myoosiyangal (aii. sii. oo. emm) munkootty kaanikkunnu. 
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte thayyaareduppinaayi myoosiyangal veendum eee kala bhoogarbha tube tonnelukalil sthaapichu, ennaal ithavana vaayu sanjaaram anuvadikkunnathinaayi pettikal adukki vachirunnu. yudhasamayathe kalaasrishtikal sambharikkunnathinaayi britiish museum aberistvithile oru rahasya kalavastha niyantritha thurankam kammeeshan cheythu. kalayeyum karakaushala vasthukkaleyum susthiravum aarogyakaravumaya paaristhithika saahacharyangalilekku mattunnathum punarnaamakaranam cheiyunnathum ibluedablyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol kshayam kurayaan anuvadichu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham karakaushala vasthukkal chikilsicha plenderlith, niyantritha turanka paristhithiyil ninnu madangiyethiyappol britiish myoosiyathinte shekharathinu kedupaadukal onnum kandethiyilla.
muthu thuramukha bombaakramanathinu sesham american aikyanaadukalude samrakshana sramangal asamghadithavum kramarahithavumaayirunnu. niravadhi museum directormaar samrakshana samrakshanathil vishwasichirunnu. jorjju ell. amerikkayile aadyathe samrakshana laboratariyude sthaapakanum europile smaarakangaliloraalumaaya stautt deerghakaala samrakshanathinte oru maanadandam srishtikkaan theerumaanichu. 1949ll chikkaagoyil nadanna american association oof myoosiyangalude konfaransil addeham nadatthiya prabhaashanatthil "deerghadoora samrakshanam" enna chodyam uyarnnu.enthinupakaram? nammal samrakshikkunnundo? ithu oru koottaaya bodhatthinte vyaapanathin thudakkamittu. thalphalamaayi, 1950-ll, charitraparavum kalaparavumaaya kruthikal samrakshikkunnathinulla anthaaraashtra instittyoott (aii. aii. sii) roopeekarikkukayum staatt athinte aadya prasidantaakukayum cheythu. 1958ll aii. sii. sii. echu.-nte oru update cheytha pathipp prasidheekarichu.jeey. plenderleafinte "purathana vasthukkaludeyum kalaasrishtikaludeyum samrakshanam". lohangal ulppedeyulla kshayichupokunna samvidaanangalude aadyathe chittayaya vishadeekaranangalilonnu. 
vishadeekaranangalilonnu avasaanathil.
1951ll aikyaraashtrasabhayude vidyaabhyaasa, shaasthra, saamskaarika samghadanayude (unesco) aaram pothusammelanathilaanu swis sarkkar samrakshanathekkurichulla gaveshanavum avabodhavum prolsaahippikkunnathi oru aagola sthaapanam sthaapikkaan nirddeshichathu. 1959-ll, saamskaarika swath samrakshanavum punasthaapanavum (aii. sii. crome) sambandhicha padanatthinulla anthaaraashtra kendratthinte aadya director plenderlith maari.
samrakshanathinaayulla koottaaya maanasikavastha myoosiyangalum avayude directormaarum shekharangale abhisambodhana cheiyunna reethiye maatti. lohashaasthrathinte mattu rund kansarvettarmaar ivayaanu 
2000.
kazhinja 100 varshathinidayile shaasthreeya gaveshanathinte falamaayi, oru shekharathinte samrakshanam, paristhithiyude niyanthranam, kshayam varuthunnathinulla ejantukal ennivayil samrakshanam kooduthal shradha kendreekarikkunnu. 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 varshangalile aikom-sisi mettals working group konfaransukalellaam loha samrakshanathilaanu shradha kendreekarikkunnathu. eee sammelanangal lohangalude kshayam velicham veeshukayum thudarnnum nadathukayum cheyyum. lohangalude samrakshanavum samrakshana chikitsa sambandhicha ettavum puthiya gaveshana naveekaranangalekkurichum avayude chuttupadukalumaayulla edapedalukalekkurichum vivarangal nalkunnu. 
kazhinja muppath varshathilereyaayi minimalist samrakshana nadapadikalkku oonnal nalkiyittundenkilum eee chikitsa reethikal palappozhum sandarshakarumaayum chilappol gaveshakarumaayum (kall) vasthukkalude (kall) upayogavumaayi vairudhyathilaayekkaam. oru shekharathinte paripalanam sankeernamaanu, ellah maanadandangalum kanakkileduthu elavukaludeyum vittuveezhchakaludeyum oru interdisiplinary sameepanam ippol ellaavarudeyum nirddeshangalkkoppam aavasyamaanu.
kooduthal vaayana.
loha samrakshanathekkurichulla chila pradhana pusthakangal engleesh ozhikeyulla bhashakalil.
metteeriyalukal metalicos/edapedal maanadandangal
metaalik metteeriyalukal, madrid 2015. (oonlain)
loha samrakshana blogukal.
1.armas protohistoricas koonn magnettitta, jeesas alonso lopus
2.lohangalude samrakshanam-kattiya viegas-vesolovska
3.staffordshire hoard blogg
4.kuranja vilaykk hoard blogg

