
ugallu

ugallu, "valia kaalavasthaavayavan", (sumerian alekhanam cheythirikkunnu.gall.laa, acadian "valia divasam" ennartham varunna "umu rabu"; allengil, eee saahacharyathil mikachathu "valia kodunkaattu"). simhatalamulla kodunkaattu-rakshasanaayirunna ithinu bii. sii. onnaam sahasraabdathile samrakshana thaaythoolukalilum apotropyc manja kalimannilum tamarisk prathimakalilum chithreekarichirikkunna oru pakshiyude paadangalundu, ennaal randaam sahasraabdathinte thudakkathil athinte uthbhavam undaayirunnu. manushyante kaalukal kazhukante kaalukalayi maarukayum avane oru cheria paavaadayil alankarikkukayum cheythathode kaalakramena prathichaaya maarimarinju. manushyajeevithathile daivika edapedalinte nimishangale prathifalippikkunna udh-demanmaarude (pakal-demons) vibhaagangalilonnaayirunnu addeham.
pravartthanam.
oru udh-dimon enna nilayil, oru vyakthiyude jeevithathile duranta nimishangalil edapeduka ennathaanu ugalluvinte pravartthanam, athaayath avare maranathil ninnu rakshikkuka. eee divasavumaayulla addehathinte bandham addehathe suuryan, syriousinte nakshatram, vilakkinte devanaaya nuska ennee prakashavumaayi bandhapetta mattu devathakalumaayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu. vivarichathupole addehathinte pala aachaarangalum raathriyilaan nadathendathu.
iconography.
kaalakramena addehathinte prathichaayayil kaaryamaaya maattam vannittundu.
navaa-azrian pathippukalkk kazhukan taalonukalum oru cheria pavadayum undu. kataarayum gadayumaanu avante aayudangal, kataara bheeshanippeduthunna reethiyil thalaykku mukalil uyarthi. veendedutha rund thaaythoolukal ithil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, ore simhathadamulla ugalluvullathum ennaal manushya kaalukalum neelamulla vasthravumullathum. eee randaamathe pathipp valare apoorvamaanennu thonnunnu, muun pathipp valare saadhaaranamaanu.
puranangal.
srishti ithihaasamaaya enumaa eleesinte aadya phalakathinte pinvashathu, ilaya daivangalumaayulla samgharshathil tiamat srishticha pathinonnu puraana rakshasanmaaril oraalaayirunnu ugallu. marduk enganeyaanu jeevikale pidikoodiyathum bandhippichathum, parajayappetta athiraalikalude mrithadehangalil ninnu lokathe punarnirmmikkunna jolikaliloode avare punaradhivasippichathum ennu katha vivarikkunnu. ithu avaye kottaarangalude vaathilukal alankarikkaan upayogikkunna samrakshana aakarshanangalayi maatti, udaaharanathinu, ninewayile ashurbaanipaalinte thekkupadinjaaran kottaram, aagum-kakrim likhithathil vivarichirikkunnathu marduk kshethrathinte esaagila polulla shethrangal, tinmayum rogavum ozhivakkaan swakaarya vaasasthalangal (durbalarude kidappumurikal).
chilappol "ugallu" enna jodikalaayi, prayojanakaramaaya samrakshana raakshasam kettidangalude puram kavaadangal alankarikkunnathil prathyeka uddeshyam kandethunnu.
aadyathe babylonian raajavamshathilaan ugallu aadyamaayi aalankaarikamaayi adholokathinte oru porteraayi, nergalinte oru sevakanaayi prathyakshappedunnathu. pilkkalangalil pala kaaryangalilum valare saamyamulla sumerian rakshasanaaya loolalumaayi idaykkide jodiyaakkunnathupole addehathe thaaythalangalil prathinidheekarikkunnu. oru kataara pidikkunnathayi chithreekarichirikkunna addehathe ingane vivarikkunnu "oru simhathinte thalayum simhathinte cheviyum oru kataara pidikkunnavayaan... athinte valathukaiyil idathuvashathu oru gadha (gistukul) vahikkunnu, athu oru kataara kondu kettiyittundu, athinte peru ugallu ennaanu."