
manhattan thaazhvara

newyork nagaratthile manhattanil upper vestt saidinte vadakkan bhaagath sthithicheyyunna oru ayalpakkamaan manhattan thaazhvara (bloomingdale ennum ariyappedunnu). vadakku padinjaaru 110-aamm theruvum kizhakk central park thekk padinjaaru 96-aamm theruvum padinjaaru vishalamaaya paathayumaanu athinte athirthikal.
bhoomishaasthram.
manhattan thaazhvarayil manhattan kuruke kizhakk-padinjaaru bhaagathekku ozhukunna oru prakrithidatha nyoonamarddam undu, central paarkkinte padinjaaran athirthiyile uyarnna paarakalil ninnu athivegam kurayunnu, padinjaaru bhagathaayi oru kaalath harlem meerinte pradeshathu ninnu ekadesham ozhukunna oru cheria aruvi srishticha thaazhvarayaanu. padinjaaran 96-aamm theruvinu edayilulla oru mriduvaaya charivilaanu eee pradesham sthithicheyyunnathu, ithu athintethaaya prakrithidatha thaazhvarayil ozhukunna oru pradhana paathayaan, ithu central paarkkiloode pattanathiludaneelam vyaapikkunnu. 110-aamm theruvu.
padinjaaru muthal kizhakode, broadway, aamstardaam avanyoo, columbus avanyoo, manhattan avanyoo, central paarkk vestt enniva ayalpakkathiloode vadakku-thekk rodukalaanu. aamstardaam avanyoo, broadway, central paarkk vestt enniva thadassamillaatha griddle munnott pookunnu; columbus avanyoo dablyu-nuu vadakku prabhatha side drive aayi maarunnu. 110-aamm theruvu. manhattan avanyoo 100-aamm theruvil ninnu uthbhavich vadakkott harlemilekku neengunnu. manhattan thaazhvarayude niravadhi valia bhagangal saadhaarana nagara theruvu grid thakarkkunna paarppida vikasanangalal nirmmithamaan. pradeshathu ninnu W. 100 muthal W vare. central paarkk vesttinum aamstardaam avanyoovinum edayilulla 97-aamathe theruvukalil paarkk vestt villej, oru "paarkkile gopurangal" bhawana vikasanam ulppedunnu. frederic dougless veedukal ulkkollunna mattoru suuppar block vadakku bhagathaayi aamstardaam avanyoo, dablyu. 100th street, manhattan avanyoo, vestt 104th street. columbus avanyoovum eee rund sambhavavikaasangaliloodeyum kadannupokunnu.
charithram.
vikasanam.
maanhattante padinjaaran bhaagathulla bloombingdale roadile krishiyidangalkkum veedukalkkum nalkia peraaya bloombingdale jillayude bhaagamaayirunnu manhattan thaazhvara. maanhattante padinjaaru bhaagath ekadesham 23-aamm theruvu muthal pollayaya vazhi vare (aadhunika 125-aamm theruvu) dutch "bloomendall" "bloomingdale" allengil "bloomingdale distrikt" ennu engleeshil vivarthanam cheythu. bloomingdale rooad ennariyappedunna oru rodinaduthulla (1703-ll kramappeduthiya) krishiyidangalum graamangalum ithil ulppettirunnu. krishiyidangalum graamangalum kettidangalaakki vibhajichu nagaratthilekku layikkappettathinal 1868-ll bloomingdale rooad boulivaard ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu.
pathinettaam noottaandode nagaratthile pala samriddhamaaya pradeshangalilum niravadhi krishiyidangalum naadan vaasasthalangalum ithil undaayirunnu, athil oru pradhana paazhsal apporp faamaayirunnu. pradhana dhamani bloomingdale rodaayirunnu, athu broadway bowery leyne (ippol naalaamathe avanyoo) cherunna vadakku ninnu (aadhunika union squareil) aarambhich vadakkott raavile uyarathilulla aadhunika 116-aamm theruvilekku vazhithirichuvittu, avide vadakkottulla rooad kingsbridge rooad ennariyappettirunnu. aadhunikakaalathe upper vestt saidinte paridhikkullil, 68-aamm theruvu, 81-aamm theruvu, central paarkk vestt, hudson nadhi ennivayaal chuttapetta harsenvilleyude graamangaliloode rooad kadannupoyi; 86-aamm theruvinum 96-aamm theruvinum idayil ippol niracha inlettil sthithicheyyunna striker bay; nilavile columbia yooniversitti kaambasinaduthulla sthalamaaya bloomingdale graamam.
1800 kalude thudakkathil, joonn clendening thaazhvarayude bhooribhaagavum ulkkollunna oru phaam swanthamaakki, ekadesham 99-aamm theruvukalkkum 105-aamm theruvukalkkum edayilulla bloomingdale rooad muthal 8-aamm avanyoo vare, amsterdaminum 104-aamm theruvukalkkum sameepam oru valia maalikayum undaayirunnu. eee pradesham "cleandenning vaali" ennaanu ariyappettirunnath."1845ll cleandenning estettu vibhajikkukayum vilkkukayum cheythenkilum, cleandenning vaali enna peru 1880 vare nilaninnu, irupathaam noottaandinte arambham vare oru cleandenning hotel nilaninnirunnu.
thaazhvaraykku mukaliloode krottan akwadakt vahikkunnathinaayi oru uyarnna akvadakttinte nirmmaanam thaazhvarayude kizhakk bhaagathe bloomingdale graamatthil ninnu verthirichu, athu 1870-kalil bloomingdale roadinu chuttum uyarnnuvannappol bhoogarbha inverted siphon upayogichu maattisthaapikkukayum pazhaya akwaadakt thakarkkukayum cheythu. 1870 kalileyum 1880 kalileyum aadyakaala vikasanam rogikaludeyo prayamaayavarudeyo sthaapanaparamaaya paricharanatthil shradha kendreekarichu, koodaathe praayamayavarkkulla hebru hoome, catholica vaardhakya bhavanam, aadaraneeyamaaya prayamaaya daridraraaya sthreekalkkulla veedu, 1884 ll joonn jacob aasttar moonnaaman cancer wardai nirmmicha tower nazhsing hoome enniva ulppedunnu. manhattan thaazhvarayil akkaalat sthithicheythirunna newyork cancer ashupatriyum 1887 ll 455 central paarkk vestt ll nirmmichathaayirunnu. ivayum simhangalude madyanirmmaanashaalayum chernnu eee pradeshathinu athinte aadyakaala landmarkkukal nalki. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum, 1870 ll newyork sitti sabweyude irt onpathaam avanyoo line 1904 ll irt broadway-ezhaam avanyoo line pothujanagalkk manhattan pattanatthilekku ready axus anuvadichappol ayalpakkangal residential aayi nirayaan thudangi. metroyude varavu swaabhaavikamaayum ayalpakkathe kooduthal aakarshakamaakkiya athe samayat columbia bloomingdale lunatic abhayakendram vaangi.
1950kalil eee pradeshathu kooduthalum airish, jarmman kudiyettakkaaraayirunnu. cheruppakkaaraaya aankuttikalum penkuttikalum central park reverside drive prayojanappeduthukayo theruvukalil stikku booal, roller hockey enniva kalikkukayo cheythu. 1950kalil puerto recoyil ninnulla niravadhi kudiyettakkaar padinjaaran bhaagathe mukalbhaagathu thaamasikkukayum pazhaya brounstoon appaartmentukal illaathaakkaanulla nirddishta padhathi muun nivaasikale praanthapradeshangalilekka nayikkaan thudangukayum cheythu.
pinneedulla varshangal.
1950kalilum 1960kalilum maanhattanile pothuvaaya nagara thakarchayude pravanathaykku anusrithamaayi eee pradesham kshayichukondirunnu. madhyavarga nivaasikal praanthapradeshangalilekka purappettappol, kettidangal attakuttappanikalkk vidheyamaakkaan anuvadikkukayum puthiya kuranja vaadaka kudiyaanmaarkkaayi cheria unitukalaayi vibhajikkukayum cheythu, avayil palathum yadhaarthathil puerto recoyil ninnullavayaayirunnu. sitti planner roobert mosasinte neethrthwathilulla nagara naveekarana paripaadikal, innu nilkkunna suuppar blockil frederic dougless veedukal nirmmikkunnathinayi niravadhi sitti blokkukal polichuneekkanamennu aavasyappettu. dougless houseukalude vikasanam kuranja varumaanamulla vaadakakkaarkku avarkk upayogikkaan soukaryangalude (bhakshana kadakal, clubbukal, restorantukal, thuranna sthalam) vazhiyil kooduthal nalkaathe avarude saandrata valareyadhikam vardhippichu. padhathiyumaayi bandhapetta vyapakamaaya azhimathiyum azhimathiyum avarude thudakkathe durbalappeduthukayum ayalpakkathinu mosham prashasthi nalkukayum cheythu, eee parajayam mosheyude adhikaarathil ninnulla pathanatthinum puratthaakkalinum shakthamayi sambhavana cheythu. manhattan vaali development korppareshan polulla community grouppukal eee pradeshathe bhawana shaamathinu badal pariharangal kandethaan shramichuvenkilum, nagaratthinte 1976 leeii saambathika prathisandhi eee ithara padhathikalil palathum upekshikkaan kaaranamaayi.
mayakkumarunnu upayogavum daaridryavumkkoppam eee pradeshathe kuttakrithyangalude nirakk ganyamaayi vardhichu. 1960 aayappozhekkum, bloomingdale parisarathu manhattanil ettavum uyarnna juvenile-delinkwensi nirakkum 1,000 nivaasikalil randaamathe uyarnna kshema kesukalum undaayirunnu. 1980kalil eee pradeshathekku puthiya nikshepam vannu. ennirunnaalum, taamasiyaathe, 1980 kalude avasaanathilum 1990 kalude thudakkathilum swath vilayil vyathiyaanam sambhavichathiloode puthiya nikshepam nirthalaakkappettu, eee pradeshathe villal upayogathinteyum dealermarudeyum vardhanavu manhattan thaazhvaraykku nagaratthile ettavum eluppamulla sthalangalilonnaayi prashasthi nalki. koodaathe, manhattan thaazhvarayile theruvukalil, prathyekichu raathriyil, samghayudhangal nadakkumbol, dhaaraalam akramangal nadannu.
1980kalude thudakkathil vaal street kuthichuyarnnathode manhattan mothatthil moorchayulla veendedukkal anubhavichu. bloomingdale abhayam adachu ezhupathu varshangalkk sesham, perinte uthbhavam avyakthathayilekk mangukayum thaamasakkaarum brokermaarum orupole ayalpakkathe athinte ippozhathe peril paraamarsikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. 1968ll sthaapithamaaya laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna manhattan vaali development korppareshan (emvdc) puthiya perum veendedukkalum valareyadhikam shakthippeduthi. naveekaranathinu anukoolamaayi yudhathinu munbulla kettidangal polikkunnathine athirthukondu mattu community-development oorganaiseshanukalil ninnu svayam verthirichariyaan sramikkukayum cherukida bisinesses prolsaahippikkukayum "thaazhnna varumaanamulla 'nyoonapaksha' ayalpakkangalil nilanilkkunna outside maanejment kambanikalude peedanam thadayukayum cheyyuka."
soumyatha.
1980kall muthal manhattan thaazhvara ganyamaayi shaanthamaakkiyittundu. eee soumyavalkkaranathode pradeshathe vaadaka vardhichu. 1987 aayappozhekkum laattino nivaasikalude janasamkhya athivegam kurayukayaayirunnu. athesamayam, laabhechayillaatha grouppukal nagaratthinte udamasthathayilulla niravadhi gadanakal naveekarikkanum munbu ozhinjukidakkunna bhoomiyil bhavanangal nirmmikkanum thudangi. eee soumyathayodulla prathikaranangal sammishramaayirunnu. 1990ll oru thaamasakkaaran paranju, "kuttakrithyangalude avasthayaanu nammude ettavum valia bheeshani... ennaal athil ninnu mukti labhikkukayaanenkil, naam soumyathaye abhimukeekarikkukayum cheyyum."1990leeii eee soumyavalkkaranathodoppam, mayakkumarunnu edapaadukal ippozhum saadhaaranamaayirunnuvenkilum kuttakrithyangal kuthane kurayukayaayirunnu aaa varsham desemberil oru valia mayakkumarunnu arast nadannirunnu. mayakkumarunnu vyapaarikal pathivayi sandarshikkunna frederic dougless veedukal, kazhinja rund varshathinide nirmmicha rund appaartment gopurangal ulppede pradeshathe puthiya bhavanangalude vikasanathe thadassappeduthunnuvenna karuthappettirunnu.
columbus, aamstardaam vazhikalile pradhana theruvukalil sakthamaaya bisinesses saannidhyam vikasippikkunnathinum pradeshavaasikalkk samrambhakathva avasarangal nalkunnathinum 1990 kalude avasaanathilaanu columbus aamstardaam bisinus mechappeduthal jilla samghadippichathu.
2005ll, eee pradeshathe swathukkalkku sameepathulla thekk bhaagathulla swathukkalekkaal ekadesham 30 sathamaanam vila kuravaanennu brokermar kanakkakki. valare moolyamulla central parkkumaayulla sameepavum moonnu vyathyastha sabway lainukalum yuva yaathrakkaare aakarshikkunnu, 2006 leeii kanakkanusarichu, newyorkarmaar avarude brokermar nirddeshichathinaal vilakal naadakeeyamaayi vardhichukondirunnu. charitraparamaaya niravadhi braun stonukalum taunn houseukalum polikkunnathil ninnu rakshikkapettu, prathyekichu columbus avanyoovinu kizhakk, swath moolyangal ettavum kooduthalaanu. ennirunnaalum eee pradesham vaividhyapoornamaayi thudarunnu, ore samudaayathinullil thamasikkunna vyathyastha vamsheeyathakal, praayangal, saamoohika saambathika grouppukal ennivayude kaaryatthil valia nagaratthinte oru microcosamine prathinidheekarikkunnu.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
2000 leeii yunaittad stetts sensus prakaram (manhattan thaazhvarayile sensus tractukal 187,189,191,193,195 ennivayaanu), 48,983 aalukal eee samoohathil thaamasikkunnu. janasamkhyayude 44 sathamaanam laattino vamsajarum 32 sathamaanam aafrikkan amerikkakkarum 24 sathamaanam eshyakkaarum vellakkarum mattu vamshangalumaan. nivaasikalil ambathiyanju sathamaanam perum valare kuranja varumaanamullavaraan (pradeshathe sharashari kudumba varumaanathinte 50 sathamaanathil thaazhe, athaayath 13,854 dollar). 2009ll, kooduthal sambannaraaya kudumbangal broadwayude padinjaarum manhattan avanyoovinte kizhakkum thaamasichirunnu. manhattan thaazhvarayile janasamkhyayil, aii. dii. 1% perkku saamoohika surakshayil ninnulla varumaanavum 23% perr pothu sahaayathe aasrayichirikkunnu.
sradheyamaaya thamasakkaar.
central paarkk kazhcha.
central paarkk vyoovinte puram mathilile oru phalakam, padinjaaru 415 central paarkkile (101-aamm theruvil) oru appaartment kettidam, avide thaamasicha "sradheyaraaya aalukal" ennu inipparayunnavarude peru nalkunnu