
norwegian kadal

norwegian kadal (;;) vadakkukizhakkaayi baarants kadalinodu chernnu norwayude vadakkupadinjaraayi vadakkukizhakkan kadalinum greenland kadalinum idayil atlaantik samudramo artic samudramo aayi koottikkalartthiya oru naamamaatra kadalaanu. thekkupadinjaaru, ithu atlaantik samudrathil ninnu islandinum pharoo dveepukalkkum idayil oodunna oru antarvaahini ridge vazhi verthirikkappedunnu. vadakku, jaann maayan ridge ithine greenland kadalil ninnu verthirikkunnu.
mattu pala kadalukalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, norwegian kadalinte adithattinte bhooribhaagavum oru bhookhanda shelfinte bhaagamallaathathinaal sharashari rund kilometer aazhathilaan sthithi cheiyunnathu. samudrathinte adithattil ennayudeyum prakruthivaathakathinteyum sambannamaaya nikshepangal kaanapedunnu, ekadesham oru kilometer vare aazhamulla pradeshangalil vaanijyaparamaayi paryavekshanam cheyyappedunnu. vadakkan atlaantik allengil baarants kadalil (coode) ninnu muttayidunnathinaayi norwegian kadal sandarshikkunna malsyangalaal sambannamaanu theerapradeshangal. choodulla vadakkan atlaantik pravaham thaarathamyena sthiravum uyarnna jala thapanilayum urappaakkunnu, athinaal artic kadalukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi norwegian kadal varsham muzhuvan manjumukthamaanu. norwayude mithamaaya shaithyakaalathinte uravidamenna nilayil norwayile valia taapa agiranam sheshiyulla norwegian kadalile valia alavil vellam gulf aruviyeyum athinte vipuleekaranangaleyum apekshichu pradhaanamaanennu sameepakaala gaveshanangal nigamanam cheythittundu.
paridhi.
anthaaraashtra hydrographic oorganaiseshan norwegian kadalinte paridhikal inipparayunna reethiyil nirvachikkunnu
roopeekaranavum bhoomishaasthravum.
ekadesham 250 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu norwayude eurasian plettum greenland ulppedeyulla vadakke american plettum verpiriyaan thudangiyappozhaan norwegian kadal roopappettathu. norwake greenlandinum idayil nilavilulla idungiya shelf kadal vishaalamaakaanum aazham koodaanum thudangi. norwegian kadalile ippozhathe bhookhanda charivu ekadesham 250 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu norwake greenlandinum edayilulla athirthiye adayaalappeduthunnu. vadakku ithu swalbardil ninnu kizhakode thekkupadinjaaru brittaninum faarokalkkum idayilum vyaapichukidakkunnu. eee bhookhanda charivil sambannamaaya malsyabandhana maithaanangalum niravadhi pavizhapputtukalum undu. bhookhandangalude verpiriyalinushesham shelf sthirathaamasamaakkiyathu ekadesham 8,000 varshangalkk munbu storga slide polulla mannidichilukalkku kaaranamaayi, ithu oru valia sunami prerippichu.
avasaanathe himayugathilaanu norwegian kadalinte theerangal roopappettathu. niravadhi kilometer uyaramulla valia himanikal karayilekku thallappedukayum fjordukal roopappedukayum puramthodu kadalilekku neekkam cheyyukayum athuvazhi bhookhanda charivukal vyaapippikkukayum cheythu. norwegian theerathu heljlandilum vadakku lofottan dveepukalilum ithu prathyekichum vyakthamaan. norwegian kondinental shelfinu 40 muthal 200 kilometer vare veethiyundu, vadakkan kadalileyum baarants kadalileyum shelfukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya aakruthiyundu. saadhaaranayaayi 100 meettaril thaazhe amplitude ullathum ennaal 400 meter vare uyaramullathumaaya niravadhi kuzhikalum kramarahithamaya kodumudikalum ithil adangiyirikkunnu. charal, manal, cheli ennivayude mishrithathaal avaa moodappettirikkunnu, eee kuzhikal malsyangal muttayidunna sthalangalaayi upayogikkunnu. kadalil aazhathil, vooring peedabhoomikkum jaann maayan dveepin idayil oru thaazhnna malancherivu (3,000 meter aazhathilulla pooyint) verthirikkunna rund aazhathilulla thadangalundu. 3, 500 muthal 4,000 meter vare aazhamulla valia pradeshangalulla thekkan thadam valuthum aazhameriyathumaanu. vadakkan thadam 300 meter aazhathil aazhamillaathathaanengilum 3,500 meter vare thaazheyulla niravadhi vyakthigatha sittukal undu. antarvaahini athirukalum bhookhanda charivukalum eee thadangalude athirthikal aduthulla kadalukalumaayi adayaalappeduthunnu. thekk europian bhookhanda shelf vadakku kadalum kizhakk baarants kadalumaayi eurasian bhookhanda shelf sthithicheyyunnu. padinjaaru, scotland-greenland ridge norwegian kadaline vadakkan atlaantik samudrathil ninnu verthirikkunnu. eee malancherivu sharashari 500 meter maathram aazhamullathaan, chila sthalangalil maathram 850 meter aazhathil athunnu. vadakku 2,000 meter aazhathil sthithi cheiyunna jaann maayan ridge moons ridge sthithicheyyunnu, chila kuzhikal ekadesham 2,600 meter aazhathil athunnu.
jalashasthram.
atlaantik, artic samudrangalil ninnu uthbhavikkunna naalu pradhana jalarashi norwegian kadalil kandumuttunnu, anubandha pravaahangal aagola kaalaavasthaykku adisthaana praadhaanyamullavayaanu. atlaantik samudrathil ninnu choodullathum uppuvellamullathumaya vadakkan atlaantik pravaham ozhukunnu, thanuthathum uppuvellamillathathumaya norwegian pravaham vadakkan kadalil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath. eest island karant ennu vilikkappedunna eest island karant norwegian kadalil ninnu thekk islaandilekkum thudarnnu kizhakk, artic vrithathiloodeyum thanutha vellam kondupookunnu; eee karant madhya jala paaliyilaan sambhavikkunnath. greenland kadalil ninnu aazhathilulla vellam norwegian kadalilekku ozhukunnu. kadalile veliyettangal ardha-dainamdinamaanu; athaayath, avaa divasathil randuthavana ekadesham 3.3 meter uyarathilekku uyarunnu.
uparithala pravaahangal.
vadakkan atlaantik samudrathil ninnulla ozhukkaanu uparithala jala paalikalude jalashasthram pradhaanamaayum nirnnayikkunnath. ithu 10 ezz. vii. (1 ezz. vii = dasalaksham emm. 3/seey) vegathayil athunnu, lofottan dveepukalil athinte paramavadhi aazham 700 meteraanu, pakshe saadhaaranayaayi ithu 500 meterinullilaanu. ithinte oru bhagam pharoo-shetlaand chaanaliloodeyaanu varunnath, thaarathamyena uyarnna lavanatha 35.3 Â (aayirathil bhagangal) aanu. eee pravaham vadakkan atlaantik vaidyuthadhaarayil ninnu uthbhavich europian bhookhanda chariviloode kadannupokunnu; choodulla europian kaalavastha kaaranam vardhicha baashpeekaranam uyarnna lavanathvathinu kaaranamaakunnu. mattoru bhagam pharoo dveepukalkkum aislaantinum edayilulla greenland-scotland kuzhiyiloode kadannupokunnu; eee vellathinu sharashari lavanathvam 35 num 35.2 num idayilaanu. eee ozhukk sakthamaaya seasonal vyathiyanangal kaanikkunnu, venalkkaalathekkaal shaithyakaalath eratti uyarnnathaayirikkam. pharoo-shetlaand chanalil ekadesham 9.5 digri selshyas thaapanilayundengilum swalbardil ithu ekadesham 5 digri selshyas vare thanuppikkukayum eee oorjjam (ekadesham 250 terrawat) paristhithiyilekku purathuvidukayum cheiyunnu.
vadakkan kadalil ninnu ozhukunna vaidyuthadhaara baltic kadalil ninnu uthbhavikkunnu, athinaal vadakkan europil ninnu bhooribhaagam drainage shekharikkunnu; ennirunnaalum eee sambhavana thaarathamyena cheruthaanu. eee vaidyuthadhaarayude thapanilayum lavanathvavum sakthamaaya seasonal, vaarshika ettakkurachilukal kaanikkunnu. theerathinaduthulla ettavum mukalilulla 50 meterinullile deerghakaala alavukal septambaril 63 digri selshyas samaantharamaayi paramavadhi thaapanila 11.2 digri selshyas maarchil vadakkan keppil kuranjathu 3.9 digri selshyas kaanikkunnu. lavanatha 34.3 muthal 34.6 vare vyathyaasappedunnu, nadikalil ninnulla urukia manjinte ozhukk kaaranam vasanthakaalath ithu ettavum kuravaanu. namsen, ranelwa, wefsna ennivayaanu kadalilekku ozhukunna ettavum valia nadikal. avayellaam thaarathamyena cheruthaanu, pakshe kuthaneyulla parvatha swabhaavam kaaranam uyarnna discharge nirakkund.
choodulla uparithala jalathinte oru bhagam padinjaaran spittsbergen pravaahathinullil, atlaantik samudrathil ninnu, greenland kadalil ninnu, artic samudrathilekku nerittu ozhukunnu. 3 muthal 5 vare ezz. vii. vegathayulla eee vaidyuthadhaara kaalaavasthayil valia swaadheenam cheluthunnu. mattu uparithala jalam (~ 1 ezz. vii) norwegian theerathu baarants kadalinte dishayilekku ozhukunnu. eee vellam norwegian kadalil aazhathilulla paalikalilekku mungaan mathiyaya thanuppullathayirikkaam; avide athu vadakkan atlaantikkilekku veendum ozhukunna vellathe sthaanabhrashtamaakkunnu.
kizhakkan aislaant pravaahathil ninnulla artic jalam kooduthalum kaanappedunnath kadalinte thekkupadinjaaran bhagamaaya greenlandinu sameepamaan. deerghakaala sharashari thaapanila 3 digri selshyasil thaazheyum lavanathvam 34.7 num 34.9 num idayilumaayi ganyamaaya vaarshika ettakkurachilukalum ithinte gunangal kaanikkunnu. samudra uparithalathile eee jalathinte amsham vaidyuthadhaarayude sakthiye aasrayichirikkunnu, ithu thaazhnnathum uyarnnathumaaya islandic mardha vyathyaasathe aasrayichirikkunnu vyathyasam valuthaakumbol, vaidyuthadhaara kooduthal sakthamaakum.
aazhakkadal pravaahangal.
norwegian kadal greenland kadalumaayum artic samudravumaayum 2,600 meter aazhathilulla frame kadalidukkiloode bandhippichirikkunnu. norwegian kadal aazhathilulla jalam (ensdidablue) 2,000 meettaril kooduthal aazhathil sambhavikkunnu; 34.91 enna lavanathvamulla eee ekeekritha paali aduthulla kadalukalumaayi cheria kaimaattam anubavikkunnu. samudranirappil thaapanila 0 digri selshyasil thazheyaakukayum −1 digri selshyasilekku thaazhukayum cheiyunnu. chuttumulla samudrangalile aazhathilulla vellavumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, ensdbluvil kooduthal poshakangal undengilum ooksijan kuravaanu, ithu thaarathamyena pazhayathaanu.
atlaantik samudravumaayulla durbalamaaya aazhathilulla jala kaimattatthinu kaaranam madhya-atlaantik ridjinte oru shaakhayaaya scotlandinum greenlandinum edayilulla thaarathamyena paranna greenland-scotland ridjinte cheria aazhamaan. greenland-scotland ridjinte naalu pradeshangal maathramaan 500 meettaril kooduthal aazhamullatha pharoo-baank chaanal (ekadesham 850 meter), island-pharoo ridjinte chila bhagangal (ekadesham 600 meter), vaiville-thomson ridge (620 meter), greenlandinum denmark kadalidukkinum edayilulla pradeshangal (850 meter)-ithu norwegian kadalinekkaal valare aazhamillaathathaan. vividha chaanalukaliloode thanutha aazhathilulla vellam atlaantikkilekku ozhukunnu pharoo baank chaanaliloode ekadesham 1.9 ezz. vii., island-pharoo chaanaliloode 1.1 ezz. vii., vaiville-thomson ridge vazhi 0.1 ezz. vii. greenland-scotland ridjinu pinnil aazhathilulla atlaantik thadatthilekku aazhathilulla vellam veezhumbol undaakunna prakshubdhatha aduthulla jala paalikale samyojippikkukayum aazhathilulla samudrathinu ooksijan nalkunna rund pradhana aazhakkadal pravahangalil onnaaya vadakkan atlaantik aazhathilulla vellam roopappedukayum cheiyunnu.
kaalavastha.
termohalin sarkkuleshan norwegian kadalile kaalaavasthaye badhikkunnu, praadeshika kaalavastha sharashariyil ninnu ganyamaayi vyathichalikkum. kadalum theerapradeshavum thammil ekadesham 10 digri selshyas vyathyaasavumund. 1920num 1960num idayil thaapanila uyarukayum eee kaalayalavil kodunkaattukalude aavruthi kurayukayum cheythu. 1880 num 1910 num idayil kodunkaattu thaarathamyena uyarnnathaayirunnu, 1910-1960 ll ganyamaayi kurayukayum pinneedu yadhaartha nilayilekku madangukayum cheythu.
greenland kadalil ninnum artic kadalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, norwegian kadal athinte choodulla pravaahangal kaaranam varsham muzhuvanum manjumukthamaanu. shaithyakaalath thaarathamyena chooduvellavum thanutha vaayuvum thammilulla samvahanam artic kaalaavasthayil oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu. 10 digri juulai isotherm (vaayu thaapanila rekha) norwegian kadalinte vadakkan athirthiyiloode kadannupokunnu, ithu palappozhum articayude thekkan athirthiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. shaithyakaalath, norwegian kadalil saadhaaranayaayi aarttikkile ettavum kuranja vaayu marddamundu, avide mikka islaantik thaazhnna marddangalum roopappedunnu. februvariyil 2 muthal 7 digri selshyas augustil <aii. dii. 1> digri selshyasumaanu kadalinte mikka bhagangalilum jalathinte thaapanila.
sasyajanthujaalangalum.
boriyal, artic saahacharyangalkkidayillu oru parivartthana mekhalayaanu norwegian kadal, athinaal rund kalavastha pradeshangaludeyum savisheshathayulla sasyajanthujaalangal ithil adangiyirikkunnu. niravadhi artic speesheesukalude thekkan paridhi vadakkan keppu, island, norwegian kadalinte madhyabhagam ennivayiloode kadannupokunnu, athesamayam boriyal speesheesukalude vadakkan paridhi greenland kadalinte athirthikku sameepam norwegian kadalum baarants kadalum; athaayath, eee pradeshangal ovarlaappu cheiyunnu. scullop "clamis ilendica", capalin thudangiya chila enangal atlaantik, artic samudrangalkkidayilula eee pradesham ulkkollunnu.
plankton, kadaltheera jeevikal.
norwegian kadalile jalajeevikalude bhooribhaagavum mukalile paalikalilaanu kendreekarichirikkunnathu. vadakkan atlaantik muzhuvan kanakkaakkunnath jaivavasthukkalude 2 sathamaanam maathrame 1,000 meettaril thaazheyulla aazhathil uthppaadippikkappedunnu ennum 1.2 sathamaanam maathrame samudranirappinu sameepam undaakunnulloovennum aanu.
phytoplankton pookkunna samayat chlorophyll aadhipathyam pulartthukayum meyy 20 nuu kodumudikalilaavukayum cheiyunnu. dayattangal, prathyekichu "talasiosira", "chaittoseros" ennee janussukalaan pradhana phaittoplanktan roopangal. vasanthakaalam pookkumbol "pheykoosistis pouchetti" janussile haptophyteukal prabalamaakunnu.
calanus finmarkicus", "calanus hyperborius" ennee kopepodukal sooplaanktanine kooduthalum prathinidheekarikkunnu, aadyathethu randaamathethinekkaal naaliratti kooduthalaayi kaanapedunnu, athesamayam "sii" atlaantik aruvikalilaanu kooduthalum kaanappedunnath. hyperborius "artic jalathil aadhipathyam pulartthunnu; mikka samudra vettakkaarude pradhana bhakshanamaanu avaa. meganictifence norwegica", "taisanoysa inermis", "taisanoysa longikaadaatta" ennivayaanu ettavum pradhanappetta krill enangal. greenland kadalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, norwegian kadalil kaalsyamulla plankton (cocolithophore, globijerinida) ennivayude ganyamaaya saannidhyamund. plankton uthppaadanam varshangalkkidayil shakthamayi ettakkurachilukal neridunnu. udaaharanathinu, "sii. finmaarkkikkasinte vilavu 1995ll 28 gram/meter (varanda bharam) aayirunnu, 1997ll 8 gram/meter mathramaayirunnu; ithu athinte ellah vettakkaarude janasamkhyayeyum baadhichu.
panthalas borialis" inathile chemmeen malsyathinte bhakshanathil, prathyekichu coode, blue vaitting ennivayil oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu, ithu kooduthalum 200 muthal 300 meter vare aazhathil kaanapedunnu. vividha malsya enangalkku abhayam nalkunna "lophelia pertusa" yude vipulamaaya pavizhapputtukalaan norwegian kadalinte oru prathyeka savisheshatha. vadakkan atlaantikkinte pala peripheral pradeshangalilum eee pavizhapputukal vyaapakamaanenkilum, norwegian bhookhanda charivukalilennapole avaa orikkalum athra alavilum saandrathayilum athunnilla. ennirunnaalum, vardhichuvarunna trolling kaaranam avaa apakadathilaanu, ithu pavizhapputtukale yaanthrikamaayi nasippikkunnu.
malsyam.
vadakkan atlaantikkile herring janasamkhyayude ettavum pradhanappetta muttayidunna sthalamaanu norwegian theeradesha jalam, maarchil muttayidunnu. muttakal uparithalathil pongikkidakkukayum vadakkottulla pravaahathaal theerathu ninnu kazhukappedukayum cheiyunnu. oru cheria herring janasamkhya fjordukalilum vadakkan norwegian theerathum avasheshikkumbol, bhooribhaagavum venalkkaalam baarants kadalil chelavazhikkunnu, avide athu sambannamaaya plankton bhakshikkunnu. praayapoorthiyaakumbol herring norwegian kadalilekku madangunnu. herring stokku varshangalkkidayil valareyadhikam vyathyaasappedunnu. 1920kalil mithamaaya kaalavastha kaaranam ithu vardhikkukayum thudarnnulla dashakangalil 1970 vare thakarukayum cheythu; ennirunnaalum, eee kuravu bhaagikamaayi amita malsyabandhanam moolamaayirunnu. 1956-ll 11 dasalaksham tonn ayirunna herringinte jaivabharam 1970-ll eathaandu poojyamaayi kuranju; ithu norwegian kadalinte mathramalla baarants kadalinteyum aavaasavyavasthaye baadhichu.
1987 muthal paristhithi, malsyabandhana niyanthranangal nadappaakkiyathu herring janasamkhyayude bhagika veendedukkalinu kaaranamaayi. eee veendedukkalinoppam capalin, coode stokkukalude kuravum undaayi. malsyabandhanam kuranjathil ninnu kappalin gunam cheythappol, 1980 kalile thaapanila vardhanavum herringumaayulla bhakshanathinaayulla malsaravum norwegian kadalil ninnu yuva kappalin aprathyakshamaakaan kaaranamaayi. athesamayam, prayamaaya capalin janasamkhyaye vegathil pidikoodi. ithu kaappalinte pradhana vettakkaranaaya kodinte ennavum kurachu-kaaranam kodinte bhakshanathile capalin maattisthaapikkaan herringinte ennam ippozhum valare kuravaayirunnu.
plaanktaninte pradhana vettakkaarante punk etteduthathinaal herring, capalin stokkukalude idivu blue vaittinginu ("micromisistiyas pouttaaso") gunam cheythu. britiish dveepukalkku sameepam neela vellanirathilulla vellappookkal mulaykkunnu. kadal pravaahangal avarude muttakal norwegian kadalilekku kondupookunnu, koodaathe muthirnnavarum bhakshya vitharanathil ninnu prayojanam nedunnathinaayi avide neenthunnu. cheruppakkaar venalkkaalavum shaithyakaalavum februvari vare norwegian theeradesha jalathil chelavazhikkukayum pinneedu skotlandinu padinjaaru choodulla vellathilekku madangukayum cheiyunnu. norwegian artic coode kooduthalum baarants kadalilum swalbard dveepasamoohathilumaanu kaanappedunnath. norwegian kadalinte backie bhaagangalil, lofottan dveepukalil prathyulpaadana seasonil maathrame ithu kaanappedunnulloo, athesamayam "polachius virance hadock" theeradesha jalathil mulaykkunnu. oru pradhana vaanijya malsyamaanu mackerell. pavizhapputukalil "sebaastukal" janussile vividha enangal vasikkunnu.
sasthanikalum pakshikalum.
norwegian kadalil ganyamaaya ennam mink, humpback, seyy, oorkka thimingalangal kaanapedunnu, koodaathe vaitt-beaked dolphinukal theeradesha jalathilaanu kaanappedunnath. oorkkakalum mattu chila thimingalangalum venalkkaalath bhakshanam kazhikkaan kadal sandarshikkunnu; avayude janasamkhya herring stokkukalumaayi adutha bandhamullathaan, avaa kadalinullile herring skoolukale pinthudarunnu. motham 110,000 janasamkhyayulla mink thimingalangalaanu kadalile ettavum saadhaaranamaaya thimingalangal. norwayil prathivarsham ekadesham 1,000 kwattayulla norway island avare vettayaadunnu. munkaalangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, innu pradhaanamaayum avarude maamsam kazhikkunnath kozhuppinum ennaykkum pakaram aanu.
bohead thimingalangal oru pradhana plankton vettakkaaranaayirunnu, ennaal pathonpathaam noottaandil theevramaaya timingala vettaykku sesham norwegian kadalil ninnu eathaandu aprathyakshamaakukayum vadakkan atlaantik muzhuvan thaalkkaalikamaayi vamshanasham sambhavikkukayum cheythu. athupole, neelatthimingalangal jaann mayanum spittsburgen thammil valia grouppukal roopeekarikkaarundaayirum innu avaa valare kuravaanu. norwegian kadalile vadakkan bottlinos thimingalangalude nireekshanangal apoorvamaanu. kadalile mattu valia mrugangal veenayullathum harp seal, squid ennivayaanu.
puffin, kittivekku, gillemot ennivayaanu norwegian kadalile pradhana jalapakshikal. herring janasamkhyayude, prathyekichu lofottan dveepukalile pafinukalude thakarchayum pafinukalum gillimottukalum baadhichu. randaamathethinu herringinu pakaram mattoru badal illaayirunnu, 1969 num 1987 num idayil avarude janasamkhya ekadesham pakuthiyaayi kuranju.
manushyarude pravartthanangal.
norway, island, denmark/pharoo dveepukal enniva norwegian kadalinte pradeshika jalam pankidunnu, athil ettavum valia bhagam aadyathethaanu. 2004 muthal panthrand mile paridhi praadeshika jalamaayi norway avakaashappedukayum 1976 muthal 200 mile prathyeka saambathika mekhala avakaashappedukayum cheythu. thalphalamaayi, norwegian dveepukalaaya swalbard, jaann mayen enniva kaaranam kadalinte thekkukizhakkan, vadakkukizhakkan, vadakkupadinjaaran attangal norveykkullil varunnu. thekkupadinjaaran athirthi islandinum denmark/pharoo dveepukalkkumidayilaanu.
foroingasogayude abhipraayathil ettaam noottaandil norse kudiyettakkaar dveepukalil ethi. eee dveepukaleyum norwegian kadalile mattullavayeyum kolanivalkkarikkanulla prerakashakthiyaayi harrild fairhair rajaavu ariyappedunnu.
vipulamaaya malsyabandhanam, timingala vettal, malineekaranam ennivayaanu norwegian kadalinu ettavum valia naashanashtamundaakkiyath. mattu malineekaranangal kooduthalum ennayum vishavasthukkalum moolamaanu, mathramalla rund lokamahaayudhangalil mungiya dhaaraalam kappalukalil ninnum. norwegian kadalinte paristhithi samrakshanam pradhaanamaayum oospaar kanvenshanaanu niyanthrikkunnath.
malsyabandhanavum timingala vettayum.
lofottan dveepasamoohathinu sameepam noorukanakkinu varshangalayi malsyabandhanam nadakkunnundu. atlaantik kodukalude bhooribhaagavum shaithyakaalath lofottante theeradesha jalathilekku neenthikkondu mulaykkunnathinaal vidoora lofottan dveepukalude theeradesha jalam europile ettavum sambannamaaya malsyabandhana pradesangalilonnaanu. athinaal pathonpathaam noottaandil, norwayude pradhana kayattumathikalilonnaya dry coode vadakkan norwayile ettavum pradhanappetta vyavasaayamaayirunnu. sakthamaaya kadal pravaahangal, kodunkaattukal, prathyekichu pathivayi varunna kodunkaattukal enniva malsyabandhanathe apakadakaramaaya oru thozhilaayi maatti 1821 maarchil "marakamaaya thinkalaazhcha" noorukanakkinu aalukal marichu, avaril 300 perr orotta edavakayil ninnu marichu, koodaathe noorolam bottukal avarude jeevanakkarumaayi 1875 eprilil churungiya samayathinullil nashtappettu.
kazhinja noottaandil norwegian kadal amita malsyabandhanam anubavikkunnu. 2018ll 41 sathamaanam oharikal amithamaayi vilaveduthu. europian union (iyu) norway amgeekaricha motham anuvadaneeyamaaya kyaachukalil (taakkukal) pathinaaril randennam shaasthreeya upadesham pinthudarunnu. aaa taakkukalil onpathu ennam kuranjathu 25 shathamaanamenkilum shaasthreeya upadeshathinu mukalilaanu. landing badhyatha ozhivaakkumbol mattu anchu shaasthreeya thelivukalkku mukalilaanu. pothuvaaya malsyabandhana nayathinu (sii. eph. pii) keezhil, 2015,2020 oode amita malsyabandhanam ghattamghattamaayi nirthalaakkaan europian union prathijnjaabadhamaanu. 2019 leeii kanakkanusarichu, europian union aaa lakshyam kaivarikkanulla paathayilallenn report cheyyappettu.
norwegian kadalinum thimingalavetta pradhanamaayirunnu. 1600-kalude thudakkathil, engleeshukaaranaaya steefan bennatt karadi dveepil vaalrasine vettayaadaan thudangi. 1607 meyy maasathil maskovi kambani vadakkupadinjaaran paatha tirayukayum kadal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheyyumbol norwegian kadalil valia thothil vaalrasukaleyum thimingalangaleyum kandethukayum 1610 ll spittsburgen sameepam vettayaadaan thudangukayum cheythu. pinneedu pathinezhaam noottaandil, dutch kappalukal jaann maayanu sameepam bohead thimingalangale vettayaadaan thudangi; swalbardinum jaann mayanum thammilulla bohead janasamkhya ekadesham 25,000 aayirunnu. brittan, dutch ennee rajyangalumaayi jarmman, danes, norwegian ennee raajyangalum chernnu. 1615num 1820num idayil, norwegian, greenland, baarants kadalukal ennivaykkidayilulla jaann maayan, swalbard, bair ailand, greenland ennivaykkidayilulla jalam lokathile ettavum uthppaadanakshamamaaya timingala vetta pradeshamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil vyapakamaaya vettayaadal aaa pradeshathe thimingalangale thudachuneekki.
kadal rakshasanmaarum mulstroms.
niravadhi noottaandukalaayi norwegian kadal ariyappedunna lokathinte arikaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. prakrithi duranthangal kaaranam avide kappalukal aprathyakshamaayath, kappalukal (cracken) nirthukayum mukkukayum cheytha raakshasanmaarude aithihyangalkk kaaranamaayi. 1845ll encyclopedia metropolitaanayil kappal mungunna kadal raakshasanmaarude araa mile valippathekkurich eric pontopidan (1698-1764) nadatthiya oru multy-peju avalokanam undaayirunnu. norwegian kadalile cracken, mulstroms ennivaye vivarikkunna 1539-leeii olos magnus ezhuthiya historiya dii gentibus septentrionalibs enna kruthiye adisthaanamaakkiyukaallathaayir pala aithihyangalum. alfred tennisante athe perilulla kavithayilum herman melvilleyude "mobi dick", jools verne ezhuthiya "kadalinadiyil irupathinaayiram leagukal" ennivayilum cracken prathyakshappedunnu.
moskenesoya, veroy ennee lofottan dveepukalkkidayil, cheria mosken dveepil, moskenstrumen sthithicheyyunnu-veliyetta eddikalude oru samvidaanavum mailstrom ennu vilikkunna oru chuzhalikkattum. kramatthil vegathayullathinaal (uravidangalkkidayil moolyam shakthamayi vyathyaasappedunnu), ithu lokathile ettavum sakthamaaya mailestromkalilonnaanu. pathimoonnaam noottaandil pazhaya norse kaavyathmaka eddayil vivaricha ithu edger alaan poow, walter morse, jools verne ennivarulppedeyulla chithrakaaranmaarkkum ezhuthukaarkkum aakarshakamaaya oru vishayamaayi thudarnnu. moskenstrumene vivarikkunna "eiii desent inn tuu dhii mailstrom" (1841) enna thante kathayil poow aanu eee vaakk engleesh bhaashayilekku avatharippichathu. veliyettam, lofottante sthaanam, underwater topography ennivayulppede niravadhi gadakangalude samyojanathinte falamaayaanu moskenstrumen srishtikkappedunnathu; mattu mikka sulingangalil ninnum vyathyasthamayi, ithu oru chanalilo ulkkadalilo allathe thuranna kadalilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. <aii. dii. 1> meter vyaasamulla cheria mathsyabandhanakkappalukkalkal polum aadhunika kaalath apakadakaramaanu, avaa sulichamannu valikkunna sookshumaanukkale dhaaraalam coode bhakshikkunnath aakarshikkaanidayundu.
paryavekshanam.
vadakkan norwayile malsya samriddhamaaya theeradesha jalam valarekkaalamaayi ariyappedukayum aislaantil ninnum greenlandil ninnum vidagdha naavikare aakarshikkukayum cheiyunnu. athinaal islaantileyum greenlandileyum mikka vaasasthalangalum dveepukalude padinjaaran theerangalilaayirunnu, avayum atlaantik pravaahangal kaaranam choodullavayaayirunnu. vadakkan yooroppinte nyayamaayum vishwasaneeyamaaya aadyathe bhoopadamaaya 1539 leeii carta mareena norwegian kadaline theeradesha jalamaayi prathinidheekarikkunnu, koodaathe vadakkan keppinu vadakku onnum kanikkunnilla. pathinezhaam noottaandil norwegian kadal bhoopadangalil akkaalat aavasyamulla vadakkan kadal paathayude oru pradhana bhagamaayum sambannamaaya timingala vettayaadal mekhalayaayum prathyakshappettu.
1607ll kandethiya jaann maayan dweep dutch thimingalathozhilaalikale oru pradhana thaavalamaayi maari. dutch vamshajanaaya villem baarants karadi dveep swalbard kandethi, ithu pinneedu pomezhs ennu vilikkunna russian thimingalathozhilaalikal upayogichirunnu. norwegian kadalinte theerathulla dveepukal athivegam raajyangalkkidayil vibhajikkapettu. timingala vettayude kodumudikalil 12,000 jeevanakkarulla 300 oolam kappalukal prathivarsham swalbard sandarshikkunnundaayirunu.
norwegian kadalinte aadya aazham alakkunnathu 1773-ll addehathinte utharadhruva paryaveshanatthinte bhaagamaayi echms "racehourse" enna kappalil konstaantain fippukal nadathiyathaanu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil norwegian kadalile chittayaya samudrashaasthra gaveshanam aarambhichu, kodinteyum lophotanil ninnulla herringinteyum vilavu kurayunnathu norwegian sarkkaarine eee kaaryam anweshikkaan prerippichu. suvolajist jorg oosiyan sars kalavastha nireekshakan henrique monum 1874-ll oru shaasthreeya paryaveshanam ayaykkaan sarkkaarine prerippikkukayum 1876 num 1878 num idayil avar "voringan" enna kappalil kadalinte bhooribhaagavum paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheythu. labhicha daatta samudra pravaahangalude aadyathe chalanathmaka maathruka sthaapikkaan monine anuvadichu, athil kaatt, mardha vyathyaasangal, samudrajala thaapanila, lavanathvam enniva ulppeduthukayum pinneedulla alavukalumayi nannayi yojikkukayum cheythu. 2019ll, irumbu, chembu, sink, cobalt ennivayude nikshepangal moonn ridjil kandethi, orupakshe hydrothermal ventukalil ninnu.
naavigeshan.
irupathaam noottaand vare norwegian kadalinte theerangalil janasandrata kuravaayirunnathinaal kadalil kappal kayatti ayaykkunnath kooduthalum malsyabandhanam, timingala vettal, idaykkide theeradesha gathagatham ennivayil shradha kendreekarichu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal, norwegian theeradesha express zee line sthaapikkappettittundu, ithu kooduthal janasaandrathayulla thekk norwayude vadakku bhagavumaayi oru divasathil oru yaathrayengilum bandhippikkunnu. baarants kadalil russian, soviyatt naavikasenakalude vipuleekaranavum baltic kadal, kattegaatt, scagarac, vadakkan kadal ennivayiloode atlaantikkilekkul anthaaraashtra paathakalude vikasanavum norwegian kadalil kappal gathaagathatthinte praadhaanyam vardhippichu.
norwegian kadal manjumukthamaanu, atlaantik muthal aarttikkile russian thuramukhangalilekku (marmansk, arkhaangelsk, kandalaaksha) nerittu oru paatha nalkunnu, avaa madhya russiayumaayi nerittu bandhappettirikkunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu eee paatha vyaapakamaayi vitharanathinayi upayogichirunnu-811 us kappalukalil 720 ennam russian thuramukhangalil ethi, ekadesham 5,000 taankukalum 7,000 vimaanangalum ulppede ekadesham 4 dasalaksham tonn charakk konduvannu. sakhyakakshikalkk eee roottil 18 kappalukalum 89 vyaapaarakkappalukalum nashtappettu. 1942 joolaiyil nadanna pii. kyu. 17,1942 desemberil nadanna baarants kadal yuddham, 1943 desemberil nadanna north keppu yuddham enniva ulppedunna jarmman naavikasenayude pradhana pravartthanangal north keppinu sameepam norwejian kadalinum baarants kadalinum edayilulla athirthiyil nadannu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham norwegian kadaliloodeyulla naavikasenayude pravartthanam kurayukayum 1960-70kalil soviyatt vadakkan kappalppadayude vipuleekaranathode maathrame theevramaavukayulloo, ithu norwegian kadalile soviyatt vadakkan baltic kappalppadayude pradhana samyuktha naavika abhyasangalil prathiphalichu. soviyatt naavikasenayude atlaantik samudrathilekkum angane amerikkayilekkumulla kavaadamaayirunnu kadal, pradhana soviyatt thuramukhamaaya marmansk norwegian, baarants kadalinte athirthikku thottupinnilaayirunnu. naatto raajyangalude ethir nadapadikal norwegian kadalil ganyamaaya naavika saannidhyathinum soviyatt, naatto vimanangal, kappalukal, prathyekichu antharvaahinikal enniva thammilulla theevramaaya poochayum eliyum kalikalkkum kaaranamaayi. norwegian kadalile sheethayudhathinte oru avashishtamaaya soviyatt aanava antarvaahini keey-278 comsomolettukal 1989 ll karadi dveepinte thekkupadinjaaru, norwegian, baarants kadalinte athirthiyil, sasyajanthujaalangalkk apakadamundaakkunna radio active vasthukkal upayogichu mungi.
europian thuramukhangalil ninnu eshyayilekkulla kappalukalude vadakkan kadal paathayude bhagamaanu norwegian kadal. rotterdamil ninnu tokyoyilekkulla yaatra dooram syoos kanal vazhiyum norwegian kadaliloodeyum maathramaan. artic kadalukalil kadal aise oru saadhaarana prasnamaanu, ennaal 2008 august avasaanathode vadakkan roottiludaneelam aise rahithamaya avastha nireekshikkappettu. russia aarttikkile samudrathira enna uthppaadanam vipuleekarikkaan padhathiyidunnu, ithu norwegian kadaliloode europileyum americayileyum vipanikalilekkulla tankerukalude gathagatham vardhippikkum; vadakkan norwegian kadaliloodeyulla enna kayattumathiyude ennam 2002 ll 166 ll ninnu 2015 ll 615 aayi uyarumennu prathekshikkunnu.
ennayum vaathakavum.
norwegian kadalinte ettavum pradhanappetta uthppannangal malsyamalla, marichu samudranirappinu keezhil kaanapedunna ennayum prathyekichu vaathakavumaanu. 1993ll norway kadalinadiyile enna uthppaadanam aarambhichu, thudarnnu 2001ll huldra vathaka mekhala vikasippichu. norwegian kadalile valia aazhavum kadinamaaya vellavum kadaltheera thurankathinu kaaryamaaya saankethika velluvilikal uyarthunnu. 1995 muthal 500 meteriladhikam aazhathil thurankam thurathumbol, kurachu aazhathilulla vaathakappaadangal maathrame vaanijyaparamaayi paryavekshanam cheythittulloo. 2007ll vathaka uthppaadanam aarambhicha oormen laang (aazham <aii. dii. 1> meter) aanu ettavum pradhanappetta nilavile padhathi. norwegian vathaka mekhalayude pradhana shekharamaanithu. nilavil lokathile ettavum dairkhyameriya underwater pipeline lancheld pipelinil ithu bandhippichirikkunnu, angane oru pradhana europian gyaas pipeline shringalayumaayi ithu bandhippichirikkunnu. mattu niravadhi vaathakappaadangal vikasippichukondirikku. 2019 leeii kanakkanusarichu, norwegian kadalil 6.5 echhem3 asamskritha ennayundennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, 2025 vare eee mekhalayil enna uthppaadanam vardhippikkumennu prathekshikkunnu. oru prathyeka velluviliyaanu kristtin feeld, thaapanila 170 digri selshyas vare uyarnnathum vathaka marddam 900 baar (saadhaarana marddatthinte 900 madangu) kaviyunnathumaanu. kooduthal vadakku noorn, snovit ennivayaanu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
russian fishing 4 enna fishing simuleshan geyimil, norwegian kadal prathyekichu boat fishinginulla oru janapriya bhoopadamaanu.