
jabal irhoud

morocoyile saphi nagaratthinte ekadesham thekk-kizhakk bhagathaayi tlett eghaudu ennariyappedunna pradeshathinu vadakku bhagathaayi sthithi cheiyunna oru puraavastu sthalamaanu jabal irhoud allengil adrar enn eghaudu (;,). 1960 ll eee sthalam kandethiyathinushesham avide kandethiya hominin phosilukalkku ithu sradheyamaanu. yadhaarthathil niyaandartthalukalaanennu karuthappedunna eee saambilukal pinneedu "homo sapiensinu" nalkiyittundu, 2017 ll report cheythathupole, ekadesham 300,000 varshangalkk munbullathaanu (irhoud 3 maandibilinaayi, mattu fossilukaleyum sameepat kandethiya flint puraavasthukkaleyum adisthaanamaakki).
saitt.
plistoseen kaalaghattatthile nikshepangalaal niranja oru layaniyaya guhayude avashishtamaan eee sthalam, ithu chunnaambukallukalude kaarstik puramthallalinte kizhakk bhaagath sthithicheyyunnu. 1961ll baarait dhaatu khananam cheiyumbozhaanu ithu kandethiyathu. oru khanithozhilaali guhayude chumaril oru thalayotti kandethi, athu verthirichedukkukayum oru enchineeyarkku nalkukayum addeham athu oru smaranikayayi kurachu samayathekku sookshikkukayum cheythu. oduvil, athu rabat sarvakalaashaalaykk kaimari, athu naravamshashaasthranjanaaya emily ennochiyude neethrthwathilulla sthalathekku oru samyuktha franch-morocan paryaveshanam samghadippichu.
ennochiyude samgham ekadesham 30 inam sasthanikalude avashishtangal thiricharinju, avayil chilath madhya pleastoseenumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, ennaal straattigraaphik uthbhavam anjjaathamaanu. 1967lum 1969lum jackwus tixier rogger dii bailey dess hermens chernnu nadatthiya mattoru khananathil guhayil 22 paalikal kandethi. levellois mousteeriyan ennu tharamthirickunna oru upakarana vyavasaayam ulppede thaazhathe 13 paalikalil manushyavaasatthinte adayaalangal adangiyirikkunnathaayi kandethi.
manushya avashishtangal.
avide kandethiya hominin phosilukalkku eee sthalam prathyekichum prashasthamaan. irhoud 1 ennu addeham vilicha oru thalayotti ennochi kandethi. athu ippol rabat archaeological myoosiyathil pradharshippichirikkunnu. adutha varsham irhoud 2 ennu peritta mattoru thalayottiyude oru bhagam addeham kandethukayum pinneedu irhoud 3 ennu peritta oru kuttiyude thaazhathe mandible kandethukayum cheythu. tixierinte khananathil thalayotti, irhoud 4 ennu peritta oru humourous, irhoud 5 ennu peritta oru iduppu asthi ennivayulppede 1,267 rekhappeduthiya vasthukkal kandethi.
1990kalil american gaveshakarum 2004 muthal jeane-jacks habblinte neethrthwathilulla oru samghavum kooduthal khananagal nadatthi. eee sthalathu kandethiya mrugangalude avashishtangal pradeshathe purathana paristhithi punarnirmikkaan sahayichu. ithu varthamaanakaalathil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaayirunnu, orupakshe, kuthirakal, pashukkal, gazalukal, kaandaamrigangal, vividha vettakkar ennivayaal chuttikkarangunna varandathum thurannathumaaya oru steppi polulla paristhithiye prathinidheekarikkunnu.
dating.
thudakkathil, kandethiya kallu upakaranangal niyaandarthalukalumaayi maathram bandhappettirikkunnave vishwasikkappedunnathil avaye neanderthal ennu vyaakhyaanichirunnu.<ref namam = "ennochi 62/279"> </ref> avaykku "homo sapiens" ennathinekkaal niyaandartthalukale prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu vishwasikkappedunna purathana phenotypical savisheshathakalum undaayirunnu. ekadesham 40,000 varsham pazhakkamullathaanennu karuthappettirunnuvenkum ekadesham 160,000 varshangalkk munbu madhya plistoseen theeyathi soochippikkunna janthu thelivukal ithu samshayathilakki. ekkaaranathaal, "homo sapiens" enna purathana roopathe prathinidheekarikkunnatho allengil orupakshe niyaandarthalukalumaayi parasparabandhithamaya "homo sapiens" enna janasamkhyaye prathinidheekarikkunnatho aayi fossilukal punarmoolyanirnayam cheyyappettu. ekadesham 1,95,000 varshangalkk munbullathum omo kibish, ethiopiyayil kandethiyathumaya oru "homo sepiyansinte" annathe ettavum pazhakkamulla avashishtangal ekadesham 200,000 varshangalkk munbu manushyarude kizhakkan aafrikkan uthbhavathe soochippikkunnuvenna ashayavumaayi ithu poruthappedunnu. ethiopian oamo avashishtangal aduthide ekadesham 233,000 varsham pazhakkamullavayaayirunnu.
ennirunnaalum, leepsigile maiks plank instittyoott phoor evalutionary anthropology nadatthiya dating, jabal irhoud saitt aadyam karuthiyathinekkaal valare pazhakkamullathaanennu velippeduthi. 2004ll hubblin samgham nadatthiya puthiya khananathil kuranjathu anchu perude avashishtangalil ninnu 20 ladhikam puthiya asthikalum niravadhi kallu upakaranangalum kandethi. moonnu muthirnnavaril ninnum oru praayapoorthiyaakaathavaril ninnum ezhara vayassulla oru kuttiyil ninnum vanna thalayotti, thaadiyellu, pallukal, avayava asthikal ennivayude oru bhagam kandethiyittundu. mukhathe ellukal innu manushyarude asthikalumaayi saamyamullavayaanenkilum avaykku valare valia thaazhathe thaadiyellukalum kooduthal neelamulla pinkaalulla mastishka koshangalumundaayirunnu. dakshinaafrikkayile florisbadil kanduvarunna 260,000 varshangalkk munbulla florisbad thalayottiyumayi samanamaaya savisheshathakal avaykkundu, ithu ippol jabal irhoud kandethiyathinte adisthaanathil "homo sapiens" aanennu aaropikkappedunnu.
kandethiya upakaranangal gazal asthikalkkum curry pindangalkkum sameepam kandethi, ithu theeyude saannidhyatheyum orupakshe guhayil paachakam cheiyunnathineyum soochippikkunnu. kashanangalude asthikal kashaappinteyum paachakatthinteyum savisheshamaaya adayaalangal kaanichu, athaayath murivukal, majja verthirichedukkunnathu poruthappedunna nochukal, kathunnathu. chila upakaranangal avayude mukalil thee koluthiyathine thudarnnu kathikkappettu, orupakshe avaa upekshichathinu sheshamayirikkum. eppozhaanu kathal sambhavichathennum proxy vazhi ore nikshepa paaliyil kandethiya phoosil asthikalude praayam kandethunnathinum thermoluminisense dating upayogikkaan ithu gaveshakare praaptharakki.
2017ll kathicha upakaranangal ekadesham 3,15,000 varshangalkk munbullavayaayirunnu, ithu fossilukal ekadesham ore praayathilullavayaanenna soochippikkunnu. ekadesham 280,000 muthal 350,000 varsham vare pazhakkamulla upakaranangalumayi poruthappedunna prayaparidhi nirmmicha irhoud 3 maandibilinte praayam punarnirnayikkunnathiloo eee nigamanam sthireekarichu. avaa nilanilkkukayaanenkil, eee theeyathikal avashishtangale "homo sapiens" nte ettavum pazhaya udaaharanangalaakkum.
ekadesham 200,000 varshangalkk munbu kizhakkan aafrikkayil uthbhavikkunathinupakaram, aadhunika manushyar 100,000 varshangalkk munbu aafrikkayiludaneelam undaayirunnirikkamenna ithu soochippikkunnu. patana rachayithaav jeane-jackwus hubblin parayunnathanusarichu, "aadyakaala homo sapiens bhookhandathiludaneelam chitharikkidakkukayum manushya aadhunikathayude gadakangal vividha sthalangalil prathyakshappedukayum cheythu, athinaal aafrikkayude vividha bhagangal innu nammal aadhunika manushyar ennu vilikkunnathinte aavirbhaavathin kaaranamaayi."ekadesham 330,000 muthal 300,000 varshangalkk munbu aafrikkayiludaneelam chitharikkidakkunna oru valia, parasparaprajana janasamkhya aadyakaala manushyaril ulppettirikkaam. athinaal, aadhunika manushyarude uyarcha aafrikkayude oru prathyeka moolayil othungunnathinupakaram bhookhandathalathilaayirikkaam nadannathu.
habblin samghavum eee phosilukalil ninnu dna saambilukal nedaan shramichenkilum eee sramangal parajayappettu. eee fossilukal aadhunika manushyaraashiyilekku nayikkunna pradhana vamshavali prathinidheekarikkunnavannayanum "homo sapiens" aafrikkayiludaneelam chitharikkidakkukayum vikasikkukayum cheythuvennum nigamanathe pinthunaykkunna aavashyamaaya thelivukal genomic vishakalanam nalkumaayirunnu. homo janussile vividha enangal thammilulla avyakthamaaya athirukalum eee phosilukalil ninnulla genomic thelivukalude abhavavum kaaranam, eee phosilukale "homo sapiens" ennu vargeekarikkunnathil chilar samshayam prakadippikkunnu. eee fosilukalude vargeekaranathekkurichu chodyangal avasheshikkunnu.
roopaghadana.
eee phosilukale aadhunika manushyarude fosilukalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyumbol, pradhana vyathyasam phoosil brainkesinte neelamulla aakruthiyaanu. gaveshakarude abhipraayathil, ithu soochippikkunnathu thalachorinte aakruthiyum orupakshe thalachorinte pravartthanangalum homo sapiens vamshavaliyil ninnu thaarathamyena aduthide parinamichathaanu. masthishkathinte roopathile parinamaparamaaya mattangal masthishkathinte ghadana, parasparabandham, vikasanam ennivayude janithaka mattangalumaayi bandhappettirikkam, koodaathe masthishkathinte pravartthanareethiyil poruthappeduthunna mattangal prathifalippichekkaam. atharam mattangal aayirakkanakkin varshathe parinaamatthil manushya masthishkam vrithaakruthiyilullathum thalachorinte pinbhaagathe rund pradeshangal valuthakkunnathinum kaaranamaayirikkam.
jabal irhoud vyakthikalkkum valare kattiyulla nurukku malancherivukalundaayirunnu, koodaathe prognathism illaayirunnu.
kandethiya pallukalude vikaasathinte alavu athe praayathilulla aadhunika europian kuttikalkk samaanamaan, ennaal pallukalude verukal aadhunika manushyarekkaal vegathil vikasikkunnu (kurangukalekkaalum mattu chila phoosil hominidukalekkaalum mandagathiyilaanu). aadhunika manushyaril ullathinekkaal kooduthal samayameduthu pallukalude kireedangal roopappedaan.
jabal irhoud maathrkakal yadhaarthathil pilkkala atteriyan, iberomoratian maathrkakalkku samaanamaanenn rekhappeduthiyittundu, thudarnnulla parisodhanakal velippeduthi, jabal irhoud maathrkakal avayil ninnu vyathyasthamaanennu avaykku thudarchayaaya superrorbital torres undennum athesamayam atteriyan, iberomoratian maathrkakalkku oru discondinues superrorbital torres allengil chila sandarbhangalil onnumillennum ithil ninnu, jabal irhoud maathrkakal purathana "homo sapiensine" prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu ithil ninnu, atteriyan, iberomoratian maathrkakal shareeraghadanayude aadhunika "homo sapiensine" prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu nigamanam cheythu. ennirunnaalum, vilayiruthaan paryapthamaaya thalayotti poornnamaaya jebel irhoud maathruka, "mukhathinteyum nilavarayudeyum bandhatthil 'aadhunika' basicranial flectionte soochanakal" kaanikkunnuvennum mattoru jebel irhoud maathrkayude pallukal "oru aadhunika vikasana paatten" nirddeshikkunna synchrotron vishakalanathin vidheyamaayirunnuvennum sradhikkappettu."

