
vithu pareekshanam

thiranjeduttha upabhokthaakkalkk uthppanna sample nalkunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha gaveshanathinte peril nadathunna oru tharam vipananamaan seeding trial allengil maarkkatting trial. maarkkatting gaveshana mekhalayil, vipaniyude aantharika chalanathmakatha uthejippikkunnathinum vyaapana prakriya vardhippikkunnathinam nirddishta upabhokthaakkalkko upabhokthaakkalude grouppukalkko maarkkatting anuvadikkunna prakriyayaan seeding. vaidyashaasthrathil, seeding trials ennathu klinikkal pareekshanangalo gaveshana padanangalo aanu, athil oru shaasthreeya sidhaantham pareekshikkunnathinuparam oru prathyeka medical edapedal enna ashayam-oru farmaceutical marunnu allengil medical upakaranam polullava-doctormark avatharippikkuka ennathaanu praadhamika lakshyam.
oru brandinode vishwasthathayum vaadavum srishtikkunnathinu, seeding trialukal vilppana vardhippikkunnathinu abhipraaya neethrthwathe prayojanappeduthunnu, ithu hathon prabhavam muthaledukkunnu. oru seeding trialil, brand ulppannavumaayi saadhyathayulla abhipraaya nethaakkale soujanyamaayi nalkunnu, vilapetta pree-maarkkat feedback nedaanum pareekshakarkkidayil pinthuna valarthaanum lakshyamidunnu, ithu ulppannathinaayi swaadheenamulla vaakkalulla abhibhaashakare srishtikkunnu. abhipraaya nethaakkale pareekshakaraayi ulppeduthunnathiloodeyum maarkkatting departmentinte vipuleekaranamaayi avare phalapradamaayi kshanikkunnathiloodeyum, pareekshakare oru gaveshana sambhaashanathil ulppeduthunnathiloode kambanikalkku "klayantukal, upabhokthakkal allengil upabhokthaakkalkkidayil sakthamaaya udamasthaavakaashabodham srishtikkaan kazhiyum. vaidyashaasthrathile vithu pareekshanangal niyamavirudhamallenkilum avaa "shaasthranja prakriya attimarichu anweshakareyum doctormare rogikaleyum vanjikkunnathinaal" adhaarmikamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
vaidyashaasthrathil.
nyoo englandu jenal oof medisinil" oru prathyeka lekhanathil "" shaasthreeyamaaya uddeshyangal kuravo illayo ennu thonnunna amgeekritha marunnukalude pareekshanangal "" ennum "kambani vipananam cheiyunna oru puthiya marunnu nirddeshikkaan doctormaare vasheekarikkanulla nerttha maranjirikkunna sramangal" ennum "medical edapedal prolsaahippikkunnathi vithu pareekshanangale visheshippichu. aaa lekhanathinte rachayithaakkalil yuu ulppedunnu.ezz. phudu aandu drugg administration kammeeshanar david aaron kesler vithu pareekshanangalil saadhaaranamaaya niravadhi savisheshathakal vivarichu
oru seeding trialil, doctormark avarude rogikalkkum oru maruninum marunnu phalapradamaayi upayogikkunnathinu prathyeka vivarangalum sevanangalum soujanyamaayi labikkum. koodaathe, pankedukkunna doctormark palappozhum saambathika prathiphalavum thathfalamaayundaakunna shaasthreeya prasidheekaranathil saha-rachayithavaakaan avasaravum nalkunnu. hathon prabhavam undaakkunnathiloode, doctormar "abhipraayathinte munnirayil vaayile vaadikalaayi" maarunnu. eee reethi phalapradamaanennu theliyikkappettittund.
vithu vithaykkal vichaarana niyamavirudhamallenkilum atharam reethikal adhaarmikamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. yadhaartha pareekshana lakshyangalude (praadhamikamaayi vipananam) avyakthatha rogiyude theerumaanangalkku vivaramulla sammatham sariyaaya reethiyil sthaapikkunnathu thadayunnu. koodaathe, pareekshana doctormaare maranjirikkunna pareekshana lakshyangalekkurich ariyikkunilla, athil doctormar thanne patana vishayangal uddeshichirikkaam (kurippadi sanbradaayangalude velippeduthaatha vilayiruthalukal polullava). seeding pareekshanangal anuchithamaya pramoshanal rewardukalum upayogichekkaam, athu anaavashya swaadheenam cheluthukayo abhikaamyamaaya phalangal nirbandhikkukayo cheythekkaam.
udaaharanagal.
oru kodathi kesil puratthirakkiya rekhakal soochippikkunnathu merck nadatthiya vayoxinte dahananaala sahishnutayum falapraptiyum (aanukoolyam) pareekshanam nirnnayikkunnathinaayi viox naproxen thammilulla vyathyaasangalude vilayiruthal oru seeding trialyricam, athinte falaprapti parishodhikkunnathinuparam marunnu doctormark parichayappedutthuka enna uddeshyathodeyaayirikkam. avar abhimukeekarikkaan saadhyathayulla vimarshanangalekkurich merkinu ariyaamaayirunnuvenn thonnunnu; oru aantharika imeyil nirddeshichu "ithu oru seeding padanamaayirikkaam, pakshe nammude aantharika rekhakalil athine angane vilikkaruthu". 2003-leeii patanam yadhaarthathil "annels oof intenal medisinil" prasidheekarichuvenkilum 2008-leeii oru edittoriyalil jenalinte edittarmaar athinte vanchanaykku shakthamayi vimarsikkukayum "shaasthrathinte maravil vipananam" enna sambradaayam avasaanippikkunnathin academica mekhalayil kooduthal utharavaaditham aavasyappedukayum cheythu.
pareekshana ghattangalil peficer avarude marunnu neurontine avatharippichathu farmaceutical maarkkattingine gaveshanavumaayi layippikkunna reethiyilaan. eee vicharana mattu sanbradaayangalum kambaniyude nashtatthilekku nayichu "franklin vii. paarkk-davis ".
maarkkattingil.
saadhaaranayaayi sinima, television allengil mattu maadhyamangalile prakadanangaliloode, oru paarambaryethara parasya saankethikavidyayiloode kambanikal avarude uthppannangal sookshumamaayi pracharippikkan upayogikkunna oru parasya saankethikathayaanu uthppanna placement.
vipaniyude aantharika chalanathmakatha uthejippikkunnathinum vyaapana prakriya vardhippikkunnathinum muzhuvan janasamkhyayilum uthppannam vegathil sweekarikkunnathine prolsaahippikkunnathi vipanana mekhalayil, nirddishta upabhokthaakkalkko upabhokthaakkalude grouppukalkko vipanana anuvadikkunna prakriyayayi seeding kanakkaakkappedunnu. oru maarkkatting seeding prograamil, oru kambani eathenkilum tharatthilulla pramoshan (soujanya uthppannam, kizhivukal, sevana pareekshanangal muthalaayava) vaagdaanam cheiyunnu.) ithu sthriye uthejippikkumenna uddeshyathode oru koottam aalukalilekku. 3 meter uthppaadippikkunna poost-ittu nottukal vikasippichedukkumbo seeding trialinte aadyakaala udaaharanam. 1977ll, amerikkayiludaneelamulla muthirnna maanejment staafukalude secreterymark athinusesham oru koottam saadhanangal ayaykkukayum avayude saadhyamaaya upayogangal nirddeshikkaan shanikkukayum cheythu. avaa valare upayogapradamaanennu avar taamasiyaathe kandethukayum vairal maarkkattinginte aadyakaala udaaharanamaaya uthppannathinte "brand chaambyanmaar" aayi maarukayum cheythu. seeding trials upayogicha kambanikalil proctor & gamble, microsopht, hasbro, google, unilever, pepsy, kookk, foord, dream works ezz. keey. jii, emii, soony, seamens enniva ulppedunnu.
vithu vithaykkunnathine chuttipattiyulla rund pradhana maanejmental theerumaanangal oru bahurashtra vipaniyil parasyam vithu vekkunnathilum uthppannam thanne vithu vekkunna prakriyayilum shradha kendreekarikkunnu. oru prathyeka soshyal netvarkkinullile ethra upabhokthaakkale datthedukkal paramavadhi vardhippikkunnathinu seed cheyyanamennu nirnnayikkunnath oru sthaapanathe sambandhichidatholam oru velluvili niranja joliyaanu.
vithu vithaykkal thanthrangal (engane vithu vithaykkaam?).
2005-ll, maarkkatting gaveshakarude oru samgham, barak libay, eettan mullar, renana perez ennivar, maarkkatting gaveshanathile maanejmental avabodhathinum pothuvaaya anumanangalkkum virudhamaayi, maarkkatting shramangale chitharikkunna thanthrangal pothuve mikacha thanthrangalaanennu kandethi. durbalare pinthunaykkuka', athil kambani athinte vipanana sramangal sheshikkunna vipani saadhyathakalil shradha kendreekarikkunnu, koodaathe 'unifom', athil sthaapanam athinte pradeshangalkkidayil vipanana sramangal thulyamaayi vitharanam cheiyunnu. eee nigamanam japanese bisinus straattajist kenichi omeyude pravartthanavumaayi yojikkunnu, ithu sprinkler bisinus model mikachathaanennum oru seeding prograam aarambikkaan aagrahikkunna kambanikalkku shupaarsha cheyyappedunnuvennum soochippikkunnu.
yonsi sarvakalaashaalayile jionghey choyi, newyork sarvakalaashaalayile stern school oof bisinassinte saam hui, pensylvania sarvakalaashaalayile warton skoolinte david bell ennee gaveshakar oru internettu retailerile demandinte rund anukarana phalangal, bhoomishaasthraparamaaya saameepyam, janasamkhyaaparamaaya saamyam enniva paryavekshanam cheyyukayum sthaapanangalkku seedingiloode space-time demand paathaye swaadheenikkaan kazhiyumennu nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu. saameepyavum samanathayum adisthaanamaakkiyulla thanthram" enna peril gaveshakar oru puthiya vithu thanthram aavishkarichu, athil sthaapanam kaalakramena saameepyathinteyum samaanathayude phalangaludeyum swaadheenam krameekarikkumbol ettavum prathikarikkunna puthiya sipp kodukal thiranjedutthu puthiya uthppannathe vithu nalkukayum libay, mueller, perez ennivarude gaveshanathil avatharippicha moonnu thanthrangalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu, "shakthare pinthunaykkuka", "durbalare pinthunaykkuka", "unifom". kaalakramena, saamyam prabhavam puthiyathum vidooravumaaya pradeshangale badhikkaan thudangunnathinaal "saameepyavum samanathayum adisthaanamaakkiyulla thanthram" mikacha reethiyil pravarthikkunnuvennu avar vaadikkunnu. athaayath, bhoomishaasthraparamaayi parasparam akaleyulla samanamaaya vaangunnavarude niravadhi cheria koottangalkku janasamkhyaaparamaayi sevanam nalkunnathu oru internettu retailere sambandhichidatholam nirnaayakamaan, kaaranam kaalakramena vilppana vardhikkunnu.
ettavum anuyojyamaaya praveshana samayathekkurichulla chodyam uyarumbol, sthaapanangal sakthamaaya liverage efakttine adisthaanamaakki oru puthiya vipaniyil praveshikkendathillenna merii land sarvakalaashaalayile yogesh joshi, david ribsteendile joonn shang, warton bisinus school ennivar kandethi, nilavilulla vipaniyil oru sthaapanathinte saannidhyam oru puthiya vipaniyil uthppanna datthedukkalil nalla swaadheenam cheluthunna oru sahacharyam. koodaathe, nilavilulla vipaniyil saamoohika swaadheenam prathikoolamaaya oru saahacharyamaya oru puthiya vipaniyil praveshikkunnathil ninnu oru thirichadi prabhavam sthaapanathe thadayaruth. liverage, backlash, kshama ennee moonnu gadakangal thammilulla kaimattamaanu opttimal straattaji ennu gaveshakar kaanikkunnu.
vithu lakshyangal.
kazhinja dashakathil seeding prograamukale chuttipattiyulla pradhana chodyangalilonnu, upabhokthaakkalude nettvarkkukaliloode kambanikalude swaadheenam cheluthunnavariloodeyo kramarahithamaya aalukaliloodeyo vithu vaykkunnathu kooduthal phalapradamaano allayo ennathaanu.
niravadhi ezhuthukaarum pandithanmaarum eee vishayathe abhisambodhana cheythu. malcom gladwell thante 'dhii tipping pooyint' enna pusthakatthil 'loow oof dhaa pharr dhaa pharr' charcha cheiyunnu. valare bandhappettathum apoorvavumaaya aalukalkk lokathe roopappeduthaanulla kazhivundennu addeham nirddeshikkunnu. eee apoorvvamaaya aalukalkk avarude bandhangal, manoharita, vyakthithvam, vaidagdhyam, anunayippikkal ennivayiloode vaakk pracharippikkanum oru saamoohika pakarchavyaadhi srishtikkaanum kazhiyum. oru cheria koottam aalukalkk mattullavare swaadheenikkaanum uthppannangal, sevanangal allengil perumattangal sweekarikkaan prerippikkaanum kazhiyumenna dhaarana edward kellarinteyum jonathan beriyudeyum swaadheenangal enna mattoru pusthakatthinte vishayamaayirunnu. eee nyoonapakshathil thangalude mekhalayil vidagtharaayi pravartthikkunna vishalamaaya aalukal ulppedunnu, avarude abhipraayangale avarude samaprayakkaar valareyadhikam bahumaanikkunnu.
kooduthal academic veekshanakonil ninnu, barak libay, eettan mueller, renana perez ennivar eee vishayathil oru gaveshanam nirmmichu, ithu vaakkalulla prograamukal srishticha yadhaartha moolyathekkurichu velicham veeshukayum abhipraaya nethaakkale engane targettucheyyunnu ennathupolulla prasnangal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. vithu prograamukalil, uthppannam vaangaatha upabhokthaakkale vaakkalulla vakkil nedaan kazhiyum, ithine vipuleekaranam ennu vilikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, enthaayaalum vaangunna upabhokthaakkalude vaangal prakriya thwarithappeduthaanum vaakkalulla vaakkukalkk kazhiyum, datthedukkal vegathil, labham kooduthalaanu. vipuleekaranathinteyum thwarithappeduthalinteyum eee prakriyakal oru puthiya ulppannathinaayi vaakkalulla vithu prograamil saamoohika moolyam srishtikkunnathinaayi samyojippikkunnu. koodaathe, oru opttimal seeding prograam theerumaanikkumbol, "influvencer seeding prograamukal" "random seeding prograamukalekkaal uyarnna upabhokthru ikvitti nalkunnuvennu gaveshakar nigamanam cheiyunnu. theerchayaayum, eathu tharatthilulla prograam sweekarikkanam ennathinekkurichulla theerumaanam avarude swaadheenam cheluthunnavare kandethunnathinu kambani ethratholam nikshepikkaan thayyaaraan ennathine aasrayichirikkunnu.
jarmman gaveshakar yooniversitti daarmstaadtile olivar hins, frankfurt sarvakalaashaalayile bernd skiera, kristhyan baarat, jaann yuu ennivar. vairal maarkkatting kaambeynukalude vijayathil seeding thanthrangalkk sakthamaaya swaadheenamundennu kuun logistic yooniversittiyile becker vaadikkunnu. eee aakarshakamaaya vithu edangal vairal maarkkatting kaambeynukalil pankedukkaan kooduthal saadyathayullathinaal nannayi bandhapetta aalukalilekku vithu vithaykkunnathu ettavum vijayakaramaya sameepanamaanennu phalangal nirddeshikkunnu. nannayi bandhamullah aalukalum avarude kooduthal vyaapthi sajeevamaayi upayogikkunnu, pakshe bandhamillaattha aalukale apekshichu avarude samaprayakkaaril kooduthal swaadheenam cheluthunnilla.
charchayude maruvashathu, swaadheenam cheluthunnavarkku atharam falamillennum athinaal kambanikal avarude vithu undakkaanulla sramangal oru prathyeka koottam aalukale lakshyamidaruthennum chilar vaadikkunnu. swaadheenamulla aalukale swaadheenikkaan kooduthal budhimuttaanenna anumaanathil dankaan whats peettar dods oru computer network simuleshaniloode eee prathibhasam parishodhichu, athinaal soshyal habbukalkk puthiya uthppannangal sweekarikkaanulla pravanatha kuravaanu. mattullavare swaadheenikkunnathil uyarnna bandhamullah vyakthikal nirnaayaka punk vahikkunnillennum oru kramarahita vyakthi bandhamullah aalukaleppole oru pravanatha aarambikkaan saadhyathayundennum avarude pravartthanangal soochippikkunnu.

