
kerangal

australiyayile vadakkan victoriyayile loddan nadiyile oru grameena pattanamaan kerang. kannukaalikal, hortikalchar, loosen, daanyangal enniva adisthaanamaakkiyulla jalasechana jillayude vaanijya kendramaanithu. loddan vaali haiveyumaayi athinte kavalayil ninnu eathaanum kilometer vadakkaayi melbone vadakku-padinjaraayi mure vaali haiveyil ithu sthithicheyyunnu. keralatthile janasamkhya 3,893 aayirunnu. "kerang" ennathu kokkaattoo ennathinte oru aadima padamaanennu vishwasikkappedunnu. 2019 juunil thuranna raajyathe ettavum valia sourorjja, baattari faamukalude aasthaanamaanithu. 50 megawatt baattari samvidaanam keranginu purathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, koodaathe 100 sathamaanam punarupayoga oorjjam sambharikkunnu. 2, 000 solar paanalukal vinodasanjaara akarshanamaayi maarukayum niravadhi bisinasukale nagaratthilekku aakarshikkukayum cheiyunnu.
charithram.
vemba-vemba aadivaasikalaanu yadhaartha udamakalum pradeshathe aadya thaamasakkaarum. 1836ll eee pradesham sandarshicha aadyathe europian thomas michel aayirunnu. 1845ll eee pradeshathu adhiniveshakkaar sthirathaamasamaakkaan thudangi, 1848ll richard baise bhaaviyile tounsaittinu sameepamulla oru nadikkarayil oru pothubhavanam thurannu. 
1850ll australiyayile swarnna tirakk khanithozhilaalikalude puthranmaraaya peettar, aandezhs pettarsan ennivare 1853ll hernassil ninnu oostreliyayilekku aakarshichu. avar mattu 4 khanithozhilaalikalude puthranmaarodoppam kudiyeri, avaril larse frederic pettarsan pinneedu westblad enna peru sweekarichu. eee aadya samghathodoppam rund vaadakakkaarum pooyi. larse frederic westblad swittsarlandilekku madangiyethi bjertjan sokkanile thante veedu sandarshichu. 1857ll addeham oostreliyayilekku madangiyethiyappol rund sahodaranmaar addehathodoppam pooyi, pinneedu rund sahodaranmaar koodi oru bandhuvinodum oru anantharavanodum oppam chernnu.
larse frederic westblad samadhaanathinte neethipeetavum sweedish janathayude othucheral sthalamaayi marria miya miyayile oru sathrathinte udamayumaayi maari. thante moonnu sahodaranmaarkkum naalu aanmakkalkkumoppam addeham melbone vadakkukizhakkan kerangil 40,000 ekkariladhikam visthruthiyulla oru phaam nadatthi. kannukaali bisinessil addeham nannayi pravarthichu.
australiyayile westblad kudumbam ganyamaaya ennathil athukayum 1976-ll larse frederic vamshajarude 300-oolam perr kerangil oru punasamaagamanathinaayi othukoodukayum cheythu.
ithine thudarnnu oru chappal pally sthaapichu. 1857-ll woodford paachal eee vaasasthalathu ninnu oru paalam nirmmichu, athu muun vaasasthalathu ninnu gathagatham aakarshichu. addeham oru kadayum veedum hotel nirmmichu, athu kerangayi maarunnathinte kendramaayi maari. jalasechanam upayogikkukayum oats, barley, cholam, millatt, pukayila, beatoot, parutthi, karimbu enniva pareekshikkukayum cheytha samsthaanathe aadyathe karshakanaayirunnu paachal. 1858 juulai 29nuu thuranna poost oafees; nilavile kerang poost oafees kettidam 1886 muthalullathum paithruka pattikayil ulppeduthiyathum aanu. valare akaleyulla oru muun kerang oafees athe divasam veddarben ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu.
1871ll kerangine oru shayarai prakhyaapichu; aaa samayat settilmentinte janasamkhya 109 aayirunnu. 1884ll bendigoyil ninnu reyilveyude varavum 1888ll koontrookkilekkulla tramwayude nirmmanavum vipuleekaranathilekku nayichu; 1891 aayappozhekkum janasamkhya aayirathiladikam aayi uyarnnu. paachalinte jalasechana aashayangalude vyaapanam praadeshika uthppaadanakshamatha mechappeduthukayum nagaram vikasikkunnath thudarukayum cheythu.
ishtangalum aagrahangalum.
melbonil ninnu marappani ulkkadalilekkulla austreliya kadakkanulla yaathrayil burk aandu wills paryaveshanam keraangiloode kadannupoyi. 1860 septambar 2 njaayarazhcha, keranginu thekkulla booth & holoyude tragoval steshanil paryaveshanam camp cheythu. 1860 septambar 4 chovvazhcha avar kerangiloode kadannupoyi loddan kadannu shree. fentans reedy creak oodunnu, ithu camp XIII undaakkunnu (melbone vittathinushesham avarude pathimoonnaamatthe camp).
paristhithi.
parakkunna ibis aanu keranginte chihnam. keranginu chuttumulla pradeshathu thadaakangalum thadaakangalum (thadaakam tuchevop ulppede) niranjirikkunnu, koodaathe lokathile ettavum janasamkhyayulla ibis rookarikalundennu vishwasikkappedunnu, oro varshavum 200,000 ibis eee pradesham mattu niravadhi jalapakshikalkoppam prajananam nadathunnu. vinodathinulla oru janapriya sthalam koodiyaanithu. vadakkan victorian thanneerthadangalil ulppeduthiyathiloodeyum pradhana pakshi pradeshamaayi ramser kanvenshanu keezhil pattikappeduthunnathilum pala thanneerthadangalum anthaaraashtra praadhaanyamullavayaayi amgeekarikkappettittundu.
gathagatham.
loddan thaazhvarayudeyum murey thaazhvara haivekaludeyum samgamasthaanathaanu kerang sthithi cheiyunnathu. kerang vimaanathaavalamaanu vimana gathagatham nalkunnathu.
kerang steshanil ninnu melbone vareyulla vii/line trainukalum balranaldilekkulla coach sevanangalum nalkunna swan hill railway lineilum eee nagaram sthithicheyyunnu. 1889 muthal kerang-kundrook tramway orikkal pattanatthe koondrookkumaayi bandhippikkukayum 1976ll yaathrakkaarkkaayi adaykkukayum 1981ll adaykkukayum cheythu. 2007 juun 5nuu, oru semi-trailer pattanatthinu vadakkulla level crossingle oru passenture trainumaayi koottiyidichu 11 perr kollappettu. 1969nuu sesham victoriyayil undaaya ettavum valia train duranthamaanithu.
samooham.
central murey football leagil malsarikkunna oru australian rools football team eee pattanatthilundu.
keranginu oru kuthirappanthaya club undu, kerang turf club, ithu maarchil nadakkunna kerang kapp meating ulppede varshathil rund rays metingukal shedule cheiyunnu.
koondrookku roadile kerang goalf klabbinte kozhsil goalf kalikkaar kalikkunnu.
freestail bmx, skettu boarding premikal parkkil pathivayi avarude kazhivukal mechappeduthunna oru abhivridhi praapikkunna skettu paarkk communityum keranginundu.

