
panthrandaam klaas

panthrandaam klaas (panthrandaam klaas, panthrandaam klaas, allengil seeniyar iyar ennum ariyappedunnu) aupachaarikamo nirbandhithamo aaya vidyaabhyaasathinte panthrandaam varshamaan. lokathinte mikka bhagangalilum ithu saadhaaranayaayi secondary skoolinte avasana varshamaan. panthrandaam classile vidyaarthikalkku saadhaaranayaayi <aii. dii. 1> vayass praayamund. chila rajyangalil pathimoonnaam classes mattu rajyangalil panthrandaam classes illa.
austreliya.
austreliyayil panthrandaam classine panthrandaam varsham ennu vilikkunnu. nyoo southu veyilsil birudapatana samayat (varshavasaanam) vidyaarthikalkku saadhaaranayaayi panthrandaam varshavum 17umm 18umm varshangalil praveshikkumbol 16 allengil 17 vayass praayamaayirikkum. 12-aamm varshathile bhooribhaagam vidyaarthikalum attar (australian moonnaam praveshana rank) nedunnathinaayi pravartthikkunnu. 2020 nte thudakkam vare ooppan (queensland samsthaanathe vidyaarthikalkku maathram baadhakamaaya mothatthilulla sthaanam) upayogichirunnu. iva randum sarvakalaashaalayile kozhsukalilekku praveshanam anuvadikkunnu/anuvadikkunnu. padinjaaran austreliyayil, ithu kaivarikkunnath ways poortthiyaakkiyaanu; thekkan austreliyayil, saas poortthiyaakkiyaanu ithu nedunnathu; victoriyayil, vii. sii. iii poortthiyaakkiyaanu ithu nedunnathu; australian thalasthaana pradeshathu, ithu aast poortthiyaakkiyaanu nedunnathu, nyoo southu veyilsil ithu echu. ezz. sii poortthiyaakkiyaanu nedunnathu.
nyoo southu veyilsil, [echsc] poortthiyaakkumbol, vidyaarthikal attaar kozhsukalil kuranjathu 10 yoonit padanamenkilum thripthikaramaayi poortthiyaakkendathundu, athil inipparayunnava ulppedanam
chila varshangalil 12 perkku oru varsham 12 jezhsi labhichekkaam. schoolukal jezhsiyil achadikkukayo thunnicherkkukayo cheiyunna design, nirangal, ezhuthu enniva thiranjedukkunnu. chilappol avar birudam nedunna varshathile avasana rund akkangal pinbhaagathu (udaaharanathinu, 2012 school whitwork "12") vyakthigatha vilippero kudumbappero sahitam achadikkunnu. munvashath school chihnavum vidyaarthiyude perum kaanikkam, athu idaykkide thunnicherkkunnu.
pala schoolukalum varshavasaanam "aupachaarika" paripaadikal nadathunnu (oru seeniyar prominu samaanamaayi). septambar muthal november vareyulla birudadana kaalayalavil eppol venamenkilum avaa nadakkunnu. australian swakaarya schoolukal palappozhum 12-aamm varshathe aupachaarika paripaadikal aupachaarikamaaya varshaavasaanathin pakaram januvariyilo februvaryilo nadathunnu.
bangladesh.
banglaadeshil 11-12 klaas vidyaabhyaasam nalkunna vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangal collegeukal ennariyappedunnu. panthrandaam classil vidyaarthikal shaasthram, manavikatha, bisinus patanam ennee moonnu vishayangalil onnil padikkunnu. panthrandaam klaas poortthiyaakkiya sesham avar hier secondary certificat (echsc) pareekshakalkk irikkanam.
beljiyam.
beljiyathil panthrandaam classine dutch bhashayil "6 dii middlebar" allengil "laattste jaar" ennum franch bhashayil "reytto" allengil "6 iii secondire" ennum vilikkunnu. pothuvidyaabhyaasathil, kazhinja aarr varshathe secondary schoolil padichathellaam oormmippichukondu eee varsham vidyaarthikale sarvakalaashaalayile avarude aadya varshathekku nayikkukayum thayyarakkukayum cheiyunnu. naipunya vidyaabhyaasathil, thiranjeduttha domainil intenshippode eee varsham vidyaarthikale professional jeevithathinu sajjaraakkunnu.
brazeel.
brazeelil, panthrandaam klaas "haiskoolinte moonnaam klaas" ennartham varunna "terzero anoe doow ensino media" aanu, ithu haiskoolinte avasana gradeanu. saadhaaranayaayi aii. dii. 1 vayass prayamaaya vidyaarthikalaanu ithil pankedukkunnathu. eee classil, mikka vidyaarthikalum vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangalilekkulla praveshana pareekshakalaaya "exam naashanal doow ensino media", "exam westibular" ennivaykku apekshikkunnu.
bulgaria.
bulgariayil panthrandaam klaas haiskoolinte avasana varshamaan. panthrandaam klaas vidyaarthikalkku 18 vayass praayamund. saadhaaranayaayi, vidyaarthikal avarude randaam semastarinte avasaanathil metrikkuleshan pareeksha ezhuthaan thayyaaredukkunnu.
canada.
kaanadayil panthrandaam classine panthrandaam klaas ennu vilikkunnu. vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi 16-17 vayass praayamaakumbol avarude panthrandaam classil praveshikkunnu. avarkk 16 vayass praayamundengil, aaa varsham desember 31 nakam avarkk 17 vayass thikayum. athinaal, kaanadayile vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi 17-18 vayassil haiskool birudam nedunnu. pala canadian haiskoolukalilum, avarude grade-12 varshathile vidyaarthikal dhanasamaaharanangalude oru parambara, grade-klaas yathrakal, mattu saamoohika paripaadikal enniva nadathunnu. panthrandaam klaas canadian vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi oru audyogika chadangu ulppedunna birudadaanachadangil pankedukkunnu.
12-aamm klaas illaatha eaka pravisyayaanu cubec; avarude vidyaarthikal 11-aamm classinu thulyamaaya secondary school poortthiyaakki, sarvakalashaalayil pookunnathinu munbu rund varshathe koleju patanam nadathunnu. udaaharanathinu, ontaariyoyil oru vidyaarthi 12-aamm klaasilaayirikkumbol, cubeckile vidyaarthi avarude kolejinte onnaam varshathilaan.
1921 muthal 1988 vare ontaariyoykku munbu 13-aamm klaas undaayirunnu, aaa samayat athu ontaariyo academic credit (oesi) upayogichu maattisthaapichu. ontaariyo academic credit saankethikamaayi oopshanalaayirunnuvenkilum ontaariyo secondary school diploma labhikkunnathin athu aavashyamillengilum sarvakalashaalayil praveshikkendathundu. 2003ll oesi ghattamghattamaayi nirthalaakkukayum panthrandaam klaas ellah ontaariyo vidyaarthikalkkum secondary vidyaabhyaasathinte avasana varshamaayi maattukayum cheythu.
newfoundlaandum labrador 1983 vare 12-aamm klaas avatharippichirunnilla.
denmark.
denmarkil, panthrandaam klaas moonnaam jii aanu, ithu secondary skoolinte avasana varshamaan. 3.jii ennathu secondary school allengil jimneshyathinte moonnaam classinu thulyamaanu. onpathaam klaas vare maathram vidyaabhyaasam nirbandhamaayathinaal ithu nirbandhamalla. secondary school poortthiyaakkumbol vidyaarthikal palappozhum <aii. dii. 1> allengil athil kooduthal praayamullavaraanennu karuthunnu. danish kuttikal aadyamaayi 6-aamm vayassil school aarambhikkunnathaan birudapatana praayam. birudapatanam nadathumbol pala vidyaarthikalum 20 vayass thikayaanulla kaaranam, chila aalukal onpathaam classes jimneshyathinte onnaam varshavum (secondary skoolinte aadya varsham) thammil oru varshathe edavela thiranjedukkunnathaanu, avide vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi prathyeka art allengil sports ooriyantad boarding skoolukalil pogukayo lokamembaadumulla exchange vidyaarthikalaayi maarukayo cheiyunnu. ithu oopshanalaanenkilum ningalkk onpathaam klaasinusesham secondary skoolinte aadya varshathilekku nerittu pookaam.
finland.
panthrandaam klaas moonnaamatheyum saadhaaranayaayi haiskool allengil secondary schoolinte (allengil jimneshyathinte) avasana varshavum (naalam varsham saadhyamaan) haiskoolil ninnu birudam nedunna vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi ekadesham 18umm, ekadesham 17umm allengil 19umm. panthrandaam klaas mumbathethinekkaal cheruthaanu, kaaranam panthrandaam klaas vidyaarthikalude paadangal februvariyil avasaanikkukayum avar taamasiyaathe avasana pareekshakalkk pookukayum cheiyunnu. nirbandhitha vidyaabhyaasam panthrandaam klaasinusesham avasaanikkukayum oru vidyaarthi naalam varshathilekku thudarunnathu poornnamaayum oopshanalaanu.
france.
fraansil thulyamaaya grade aanu. ithu lysiyude moonnaamatheyum avasaanatheyum varshamaan (haiskoolinu thulyamaaya franch), athil vidyaarthikal varsham poortthiyaakkaan baakkalauriyatt enna pareeksha ezhuthanam. franch sarkkar paatyapadhathi padippikkunna franch bhasha schoolukal (i.iii. avar eafi netvarkkinte bhagamaanu) avarude franch athiraalikalude athe grade samvidaanam upayogikkunnu. vidyaarthikalkku 16 vayass thikayunnathuvare maathrame fraansil vidyaabhyaasam nirbandhamaakoo ennathinaal ithu nirbandhamalla.
jarmmani.
germmaniyil, "abitur" edukkaan aagrahikkunna vidyaarthikalkku saadhaaranayaayi pathimoonnaam classil pankedukkendi varumaayirunnu, ennaal mikka samsthaanangalum jimneshyathe (germmaniyile sarvakalashaala-badhamaaya secondary school samvidaanam) onpathu varshathil ninnu ettu varshamaayi kuraykkunnu. ennaal baveriyayilennapole pathimoonnaam varsham veendum avatharippikkukayaan sameepakaala pravanatha.
grease.
greasil panthrandaam classine lysium school allengil haiskool allengil upper secondary skoolinte moonnaam varsham (treaty lychio-τρίτη λίκείοί) ennu vilikkunnu.
hongong.
hongongil panthrandaam classine phoom 6 ennu vilikkunnu. phoom 6 vidyaarthikalkku secondary vidyaabhyaasathinte hongong diploma edukkendathundu, ithu echu. keey. dii. ezz. iii ennum ariyappedunnu.
hungery.
hangariyil vidyaarthikal "érettségi" (littu. "maturity testt") avarude panthrandaam klaasinte avasaanathil, avar oru thozhiladhishtitha pareeksha maathram edukkunna chila thozhiladhishtitha schoolukal ozhike. eretsegi pareekshayil staanderd school vishayangal adangiyirikkunnu, ellaavarum saahityam, vyakaranam, kanakk, charithram ennivayude oru pareeksha ezhuthanam, avar mattu 2 vishayangal thiranjedukkanam, avayilonnu videsha bhashayaayirikkanam, mikka thozhiladhishtitha skoolukalilum, mattonn thozhiladhishtitha arivinte mishra pareekshayaanu.
panthrandaam klaas vidyaarthikal palappozhum eretsegi pareekshaykk munbu birudadana chadangukalil pankedukkunnu. mikka skoolukalilum, pareekshaykk munbulla velliyaazhchayo shaniyaazhchayo oru muzhuvan divasathe chadangu nadakkunnu, athine "balagas" (littu. "pookunnu", allengil "purathukadakkunnu"). pala skoolukalilum vidyaarthikal avarude panthrandaam classilum mattu chadangukalil pankedukkunnu. udaaharanathinu, pala schoolukalum oru "salagavatho" paripadi nadathunnu (littu. "riban arambham") school varshathinte thudakkathil, panthrandaam klaas vidyaarthikalkku avarude haiskoolinte perulla oru riban allengil samanamaaya oru chihnam labikkukayum avide avarude padanatthinte thudakkavum avasana varshavum avar pinneedu avarude kottil dharikkukayum cheiyunnu. panthrandaam klaas vidyaarthikal palappozhum avasana pareekshaykk munbu, parambaraagathamaayi vaikunnerangalil, avarude veettilo schoolilo, thaazheyulla theruvil avare paadi vidaparayaan avarude adhyaapakare sandarshikkunnu. eee paarambaryatthe "serenad" ennu vilikkunnu. orumichu paadunnathu padikkaan avar palappozhum gaayakasamghathinte rehersalukal nadathunnu.
india.
indiayil panthrandaam klaas hayarsekkandari vidyaabhyaasathinte avasana varshamaan, indiayile mikkavarum ellah deseeya, samsthaana bordukalilum haiskoolinte avasana varsham koodiyaanithu, indiayile chila samsthaana bordukalil ithu juuniyar kolejinte randaam varshamaan. eee gradinu thulyamaaya grade saadhaaranayaayi "klaas 12" allengil "plus 2" ennariyappedunnu. saadhaaranayaayi panthrandaam klaas "+ 2" ennariyappedunnu, ithu "10+2" enna padatthil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath. vividha pradeshangalilum samsthaanangalilum ithine "intermediat randaam varsham" (intermediat kozhs), "echsc" (hier secondary certificat), "sijesi" (randaam varsha juuniyar koleju), "randaam puk" (randaam varsha pree-yooniversitti kozhs) ennum vilikkunnu. lokamembaadumulla vividha sarvakalaashaalakalil unnatha vidyaabhyaasathinu praveshanam nedunnathinaayi indiayile vividha deseeya, samsthaana boardukal nadathunna ellah adhyayana varshathinteyum avasaanathil panthrandaam classile vidyaarthikal board pareekshakal ezhuthunnu. indiayil, deseeya, samsthaana boardukal polulla school vidyaabhyaasa boardukal ulppedunna mikka samsthaanangalum (athaayath.iii. cbse, sisse, neos, vividha samsthaana boardukal) panthrandaam klaas vare school vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnu, eee samsthaanangal (thelankaana, andhraapradesh, karnataka, uttarpradesh, asam, odeesha, maharashtra, bihar) ozhikeyulla skoolukalude avasana varshamaanith, eee samsthaana boardukal patthaam klaas vare maathrame school vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnulloo, vidyaarthikal juuniyar kolejukalilo pree-yooniversitti kolejukalilo apekshikkanam allengil cbse, sisse, niyosumaayi affiliate cheythittulla haiskoolil cheranam. 12-aamm classilake praveshikkunna vidyaarthikalkku saadhaaranayaayi <aii. dii. 1> vayass praayamund. cbse, sisse boardukal desheeyathalathil 10,12 klaasukalkkulla kozhsum pareeksha maarganirddeshangalum purappeduvikkunnu, athesamayam vividha samsthaana boardukal samsthaana thalathilaanu pravartthikkunnathu.
sessionte avasaanathil prominu samaanamaayi chila pradeshangalilum samsthaanangalilum school juuniyar college samghadippikkunna oru partyil vidyaarthikal pankedukkunnu.
panthrandaam klaas poortthiyaakkiya sesham, vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi medisin, enchiniyaring, loow, baachilar oof sayans, baachilar oof komezhs, baachilar oof humanities allengil mattu vividha baachilar kozhsukalilekkulla praveshana pareekshaykk apekshikkunnu. praveshana pareekshakal saadhaaranayaayi onniladhikam chois chodyangal ulkkollunnu, avaa deseeya, samsthaana thalangalil nadathappedunnu. koodaathe, chila sthaapanangal svanthamaayi praveshana pareekshakal nadathunnu. 3 varshathe (chila kozhsukalil 4 umm chilappol 5 umm) baachilar kozhsukalkku sesham, avarkk baachilar birudam labikkukayum 21 (allengil 22) vayassil birudaananthara birudam nedaan arhata nedukayum cheiyunnu.
indoneshya.
indoneshyayil panthrandaam klaas haiskoolinte moonnaamatheyum avasaanatheyum varshamaan. haiskool birudadhaarikalkku avarude vidyaabhyaasam kolejilekku thudaraam allengil nerittu jolic pookaam. munkaalangalil, indoneshyan vidyaarthikal biruda aavasyangalkkum koleju praveshanathinum raajyavyaapakamaayi oru avasana pareeksha ezhuthaarundaayirunnu. 2020 leeii kanakkanusarichu, eee prathyeka deseeya pareeksha inii upayogikkaan paadilla. pakaram, kolejumaayi thudaraan aagrahikkunna panthrandaam klaas vidyaarthikalkku praveshana pareeksha ezhuthaam, athesamayam pareeksha ezhuthaan kazhiyaathavarkk pareeksha ezhuthaan kazhiyilla. indoneshyayile oru school varsham juulai muthal juun vareyaanu, ennaal avasana varsha vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi eprilil school poortthiyaakkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi meyy maasathil nadakkunna koleju praveshana pareekshaykk thayyaredukkaan avare anuvadikkunnu, juunil amgeekaara kathukal kaimarunnu.
ireland.
republic oof irelandil, secondary skoolinte aaraamatheyum avasaanatheyum varshamaan ithu, aaram varsham (17-18-vayass praayamullavarkk) ennu vilikkappedunnu, athil vidyaarthikal leaving certificat pareekshakal edukkunnu. vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi moonnaam thala vidyaabhyaasathilekko avarude muthirnnavarude jeevitam aarambhikkunnathino munbu eee varsham avasaanathode oru nrithatthilo aupachaarika partyilo pankedukkunnu ithu debbs, grad allengil prome ennariyappedunnu, ithu yunaittad stetsile prominu samaanamaan.
israel.
israelil panthrandaam klaas haiskoolinte moonnaamatheyum avasaanatheyum varshamaan. vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi 17 vayass praayamaakumbol eee grade aarambikkukayum birudam nedunnathinu avar vijayikkukayum bagret certificat nedukayum venam.
itali.
italiyil, panthrandaam klaas haiskoolinte naalam varshamaan (ithine schoola superior allengil schoola secondaria dii secondo grado ennu vilikkunnu). vidyaarthi padikkunna haiskoolinte tharatthe aashrayich anchu varshathe haiskool motham undu, chilappol vyathyastha reethikalil (2 + 3,2 + 1 + 2) grouppucheyyunnu. haiskoolinte anchaam varshamaaya "vaasthavathil" pathimoonnaam classil padikkumbol vidyaarthikalkku "mettooritta" labikkum.
lebanan.
lebananil, panthrandaam klaas haiskoolinte moonnaam varshamaan, hier secondary vidyaabhyaasathinte moonnaam varsham ennum chilappol seeniyar klaas allengil skoolinte avasana klaas ennum ariyappedunnu. lebananile panthrandaam classile vidyaarthikal 17 num 18 num idayil praayamullavaraan.
maleshya.
malaysiayil, panthrandaam klaass oru secondary schoolil phoom 6 ennum ariyappedunnu, ithu thaazhathe 6 umm mukalile 6 umm aayi thirichirikkunnu. eee ghattathil vidyaarthikalkku 18 vayassaanu, saadhaaranayaayi 19 vayassil school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkum. vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi 17-ll allengil phoom 5-ll school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkunnu, ennirunnaalum matriculation, mattu pree-yooniversitti kozhsukal thudangiya mattu oopshanukalkkoppam phoom 5-nuu sesham vidyaarthikalkku thudaraan phoom 6 oru oopshanaanu.
meksikoo.
meksikkoyil, panthrandaam klaas haiskoolinte avasana varshamaan, avide vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi <aii. dii. 1> prayamullavar. meksikkoyilennapole, vidyaabhyaasathe "primaria" (6 varsham), "secondariya" (3 varsham), "preparatoriya" allengil "bachilleratto" (3 varsham) enningane thirichirikkunnu, panthrandaam classine saadhaaranayaayi "terzero dii preparatoriya" (thayyaareduppinte moonnaam klaas) allengil "kvinto vaii sexto semester" (anchaamatheyum aaraamatheyum semester) ennu vilikkunnu.
netherlands.
netherlandsil panthrandaam classinu school thalamaanu peru nalkunnathu. thaazhnnathil ninnu uyarnnathilekku "vmbo", "haavo", "vivo". panthrandaam klaas naalaamatheyum avasaanatheyum varshangalaaya naalu varshamaan vii. emm. bii. oo. yill ulppedunnathu. anchu varsham neendunilkkunna haavoyaan hier school thalam. aarr varsham neendunilkkunna vii. vii. oo aanu ettavum uyarnna school nila. athinaal haavoyil vidyaarthikal "anchaam classil" aanenkil muthirnnavarayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, athesamayam vii. vii. oyil "aaram classil". kazhinja varsham pradhaanamaayum avasana pareekshakalkulla thayyaareduppilaanu shradha kendreekarikkunnathu, athinusesham vidyaarthikal kolejilekko sarvakalaashaalayilekko pookaan thayyarakanam. saadhaaranayaayi, 4,5 klaasukalile vidyaarthikal 16 muthal 17 vayass vareyum 6-aamm classilullavar 17 muthal 18 vayass vareyumaanu.
nyoosilaand.
nyoosilandil panthrandaam klaas 13-aamm varsham ennariyappedunnu (nyoosiland vidyaarthikal 5 vayass muthal 13 varshathe schoolil cherunnu). 13-aamm varshathile vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi <aii. dii. 1> vayass praayamullavaraan. ithu secondary schoolinte avasana varshamaan. 13-aamm varshathil, vidyaarthikal enn. sii. iii. eiii level 3 poortthiyaakkunnu, athil vividha baahya pareekshakalil ninnum mattu aantharika moolyanirnnayangalil ninnum oru nischitha ennam 'kredittukal' labhikkunnath ulppedunnu. varsham vijayikkunnathin vidyaarthikal 80 creditukaloo athil kooduthalo nedanam (athil 20 ennam level 2 ll ninnaan eduthathu).
norway.
norwayil, panthrandaam klaas audyogikamaayi nilavililla, pakshe secondary school allengil jimneshyathinte randaam gradinu thulyamaanu. patthaam klaas vare maathram vidyaabhyaasam nirbandhamaayathinaal ithu nirbandhamalla.
secondary schoolilo jimneshyathilo vidyaarthikal oru prathyeka prograam thiranjedukkumbol kozhsukal vyathyaasappedunnu. pothuvidyaabhyaasam, maadyamangalum ashayavinimayavum, aarogyavum paricharanavum, vyaavasaayika pravartthanangal, roopakalppanayum karakaushalavum, saambathikashaasthram allengil krishi ennivayaanu paripaadikalude udaaharanagal. 12 deseeya paripaadikalundu, athil 9 ennam vidyaarthikale jolikkayi thayyarakkum, 3 ennam vidyaarthikale kooduthal unnatha padanathinaayi thayyarakkum. rund thozhiladhishtitha paripaadikal (maadyamavum ashayavinimayavum krishiyum) moonnaam varsham edukkukayaanengil kooduthal unnatha padanathinaayi vidyaarthikale thayyarakkam.
pakistan.
paakisthaanil, panthrandaam klaas kolejile randaam varshamaan (aadyathethu pathinonnam klaas aanu), ithine thulyamaayi "randaam varsham" ennu vilikkunnu."randaam varsham muthal birudam nedunna vidyaarthikalkku saadhaaranayaayi pathinezhinum pathinettinum idayil praayamund. sarvakalaashaalakalilekkulla praveshanathinaayi vidyaarthikal iii. sii. eiii. tii, emm. dii. sii. ettu, enn. tii. ezz nadathunna pareekshakal thudangiya staanderd pareekshakalkk vidheyaraakunnu.
phillippeans.
philippeensil, 2012 juun 4 nuu sii. aii. dii. 1-ll aadyamaayi nadappaakkiya puthiya keey-12 prograaminu keezhilulla seeniyar haiskool, haiskool paatyapadhathiyude avasana varshamaan 12-aamm klaas. ithu haiskoolinte avasana varsham koodiyaanu, koodaathe birudadhaarikal moonnaam vidyaabhyaasathilekku praveshikkunnathinu munbu raajyathe adisthaanavum nirbandhithavumaaya vidyaabhyaasavum (udha.jii. koleju allengil sarvakalashaala, randum parasparam upayogikkappedunna), samrambhakathvam allengil thozhil. vidyaarthikalkku saadhaaranayaayi <aii. dii. 1> vayass praayamund.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinusheshamal apoornnamaaya parivartthanatthinte falamaayi, keey-10 samvidaanam 1945 muthal 72 varshathekku upayogichu, 2017 juun 5 nuu aaram classil keey-12 paatyapadhathi nadappaakkunnathuvare, athil oru varshathe nirbandhithamallaatha pree-school vidyaabhyaasam, aarr varshathe nirbandhitha praadhamika vidyaabhyaasam, naalu varshathe nirbandhitha haiskool vidyaabhyaasam enniva ulppedunnu. stejil vyathyasthamaaya oru numpering samvidaanavumundaayirunnu, vidyaarthikal "naalam varsham" () ll birudam nedi. charitraparamaaya "naalam varsham" ayalrajyamaaya malaysiayil phoom 4, vadakke amerikkayil patthaam klaas, yunaittad kingdom, austreliya, nyoosiland ennividangalil pathinonnam varsham ennivaykku thulyamaanu, eee padam 2015 juun 1 vare upayogichirunnu, keey-12 nadappaakkiyathinethudarnna ithu "grade 10" aayi maari. 1945-2017 allengil keey-10 samvidaanam poornnamaayum upayogicha avasana school varsham sii 2011-2012 aayirunnu, avide kindergarten nirbandhamaakkiyirunnu, ithu 2012 juun 4 nuu keey-10 ghattamghattamaayi nirthalaakkunna prakriyayude munvyavasthayaayi pravartthikkukayum cheythu, keey-12 nadappakkiyathinaal bakkiyullava ippozhum muun school varshangalude (grade 1 muthal naalam varsham vare) athepadi thanne, athesamayam mothatthil eee samvidaanam upayogicha avasaanatheth sii 2016-2017 aanu, avide school varsham 6 grade maathramaan, bakkiyullavarsham 1945 klaas 12 nuu keezhilaanu.
panthrandaam classile vishayangal 11-aamm classilennapole semistral adisthaanathilaanu entol cheiyunnathu. athinusesham, panthrandaam klaas vidyaarthikal "adisthaana vidyaabhyaasa eksitt asasment" enna avasana deseeya netta pareeksha ezhuthum, ennirunnaalum ithu birudattino koleju entolmentino aavasyamilla. oduvil, praadhamika school birudadhaarikalkku aaram klaasinusesham adutha gradai birudadana chadangukal nadakkunnu.
porchugal.
portugalil panthrandaam klaas nirbandhitha vidyaabhyaasathinte avasana varshavum haiskoolinte avasana varshavumayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. vidyaarthikal vaividhyamaarnna vishayangalil ninnu 5 ennam thiranjedukkunnu, athilonnu nirbandhitha shaareerika vidyaabhyaasamaanu. mattu naalil, avayil randennam avarude avasana pareekshakalilo deseeya pareekshakalilo (deseeya pareekshakal) vilayiruthappedunna vishayangalaan, onnu 11-aamm klaas deseeya pareekshakalil ithinakam vilayiruthiyitulla rund vishayangalil onninte shaakhayaayi kanakkaakkanam, avasaanatheth ithinakam padicha vishayathinte vishaalathayo puthiya vishayamo aakam. nirbandhitha vishayangal (naashanal pareekshakalkk samarppichava) vidyaarthi patthaam classil padikkaan thiranjeduttha mekhalaye aasrayichirikkunnu arts; sayans aandu technologies (sayans ennariyappedunnu); soshyal economic sciences (ikkanomi); humanistic aandu lingvistik sciences (humanities) allengil oru professional/technical kozhs. oru feeldinullil polum, vidyaarthi collegil padikkaan uddeshikkunnathineyum eathu sarvakalashaalayil cheraan uddeshikkunnathineyum aashrayich ningalkk prathyekathakal (oru prathyeka koleju kozhs aaplikkeshanil pareeksha nirbandhamaaya vishayangal) thiranjedukkaam.
dakshinaafrikka.
dakshinaafrikkayil panthrandaam klaas haiskoolinte avasana varshamaan. ithu saadhaaranayaayi matricks ennu vilikkappedunnu, ithu maatrikkuleshante hraswamaanu. "(dakshinaafrikkayile metrikkuleshan kaanuka).
panthrandaam klaas avasaanikkumbol vidyaarthikal matriculated aanennu parayappedunnu. sarvakalaashaalayilekk purogamikkunnathinulla ettavum kuranja aavasyakathayeyum ithu soochippikkunnu. sharashari, 12-aamm klaas vidyaarthikal varsham 17-aamm vayassil aarambikkukayum metrikkuleshan vareyulla samayathinullil 18 vayass thikayukayum cheiyunnu.
spain.
speyinile panthrandaam classinu thulyamaaya randaamathe varshamaan collegil cherunnathinu aavashyamaaya bachilaratto.
sweeden.
sweedenil panthrandaam klaas audyogikamaayi nilavilillengilum secondary school allengil jimneshyathinte randaam klaasaanu ithinu thulyamaayathu. onpathaam klaas vare maathram vidyaabhyaasam nirbandhamaayathinaal ithu nirbandhamalla.
secondary schoolilo jimneshyathilo vidyaarthikal oru prathyeka prograam thiranjedukkumbol kozhsukal vyathyaasappedunnu. prakrithi, shaasthram, maanavikashaastram, kala, saambathikashaasthram, aarogyam, paricharanam, vyavasaayam ennivayaanu paripaadikalude udaaharanagal. 18 deseeya paripaadikalundu, athil 12 ennam vidyaarthikale jolikkayi thayyarakkukayum 6 ennam vidyaarthikale kooduthal unnatha padanathinaayi thayyarakkukayum cheyyum.
ningal janicha varsham neratthe allengil vaiki janichavaraano ennathine aashrayich, ningalude birudadana divasam ningalkk 19 allengil 18 vayassaanu, athe varsham thanne vidyaarthikalkku 19 vayass thikayum.
turkey.
turkeyil panthrandaam klaas haiskoolinteyum nirbandhitha vidyaabhyaasathinteyum avasana varshamaan. juunil, collegil pookaan thaalpparyamulla vidyaarthikal "temel yeterlick testti" (taitt) (adisthaana paryapthatha pareeksha) enna peril oru pareeksha ezhuthunnu. eee pareekshayil vidyaarthikal 120 chodyangalkku (40 turkish, 30 kanakk, 10 jyamiti, 5 charithram, 5 bhoomishaasthram, 5 thathwachintha, 5 mathaparamaya arivu, 6 jeevashasthram, 7 bhauthikashaasthram, 7 rasathanthram) 165 minittinullil utharam nalkanam.vidyaarthikalkku, mathaparamaya vijnjaana kozhsukalonnum labhichillengil pakaram 5 thathwashaasthra chodyangalkku mattoru koottam utharam nalkendathundu.
eee pareeksha kazhinju oru divasam kazhinju, mikka vidyaarthikalum "alaan yetherlic testti" (ayth) (branch paryapthatha pareeksha) edukkum.ganitham, jyamiti, bhauthikashaasthram, rasathanthram, jeevashasthram, turkish saahityam, charithram, bhoomishaasthram, thathwachintha, mathaparamaya arivu enniva ulppedunna vividha shaakhakalkkaayi eee pareekshayil vyathyastha seshanukalundu. 180 minittaan pareekshanatthinu edukkunnathu. ellah vishayangalum edukkendathu nirbandhamalla. videsha bhaashakalude pareeksha branch paryapthatha pareekshaykk vyathyasthamaan. vidyaarthikalkku saadhaaranayaayi varshavasaanam 18 vayass thikayum.
yunaittad kingdom.
englandum weils.
englandilum veyilsilum, oru vidyaarthiyude avasana adhyayana varsham anthimamaakkunnathinaayi poortthiyaakkunna eiii-level certificationukalude avasana varshamaan "varsham 13" (allengil "mukalile aaram"). vidyaarthikal saadhaaranayaayi 12-aamm varshathil <aii. dii. 2> umm 13-aamm varshathil <aii. dii. 1> umm aanu. yukeyude backie bhaagangalil school vidaanulla praayam 16 vayassaanu, 2015-ll englandil vidyaabhyaasam 18 vayass vare nirbandhamaayi. eee praayathinu sesham, vidyaarthikalkku 13-aamm varsham poortthiyaakkaathe vidyaabhyaasam upekshikkaam. 16 num 18 num idayil praayamulla vidyaarthikalkku onnukil muzhuvan samaya vidyaabhyaasathil thudaraam (udaaharanathinu, aaram phoom collegil); apprenteeshipp allengil trainiship aarambikkuka; allengil aazhchayil kuranjathu 20 manikorengilum part time vidyaabhyaasathilo parisheelanatthilo jolie cheiyukayo sannadhapravarthanathilo chelavazhikkuka. 18 vayassinu sheshamulla eathoru vidyaabhyaasatheyum unnatha vidyaabhyaasam ennu vilikkunnu.
scotland.
skotlandil ithu aaram varshamaan (allengil ezz 6). anchaam varshathil mathiyaya nalla maarkk unnatha vidyaabhyaasathilekkalu praveshanathinu mathiyakum. 'sarvakalaashaalayile onnaam varshathinu thulyamaaya unnatha birudadhaarikalulla ezz5, ezz6 allengil kolejukalil irikkaavunna sarvakalaashaalayilekkulla praveshana yogyathakalaanu 'haihezhs'.
vadakkan ireland.
vadakkan irelandil primery skoolinte ezhaam varshavum secondary skoolinte ezhaam varshavumundu.
america.
kindergarten kazhinjaal panthrandaam klaass aanu panthrandaam klaas. nirbandhitha secondary vidyaabhyaasathinteyo haiskoolinteyo avasana varsham koodiyaanithu. vidyaarthikalkku palappozhum <aii. dii. 1> vayass praayamund, apoorva sandarbhangalil 19 vayass praayamundaakaam. panthrandaam klaas vidyaarthikale "seniors" ennu vilikkunnu.
haiskoolinte seeniyar varsham ennum ariyappedunna panthrandaam classine pala vidyaarthikalum avarude pazhaya jeevithathil ninnu koleju/yooniversitti allengil jolisthalathekkulla parivarthanatthinu visramikkaanum thayyaredukkaanumulla oru varshamaayi kanakkakkunnu. koleju/sarvakalaashaalaykk kredittukal nedunnathinaayi advanced placement, internaashanal baakkalariyett thudangiya adhika unnatha thala kozhsukal poortthiyaakkaanulla avasaram mattullavar prayojanappeduthunnu.
ganitha kozhsukalil saadhaaranayaayi precalculus, trikonamithi, advanced placement calculus, advanced placement statistiks allengil probability enniva ulppedunnu.
sayans kozhsukalil advanced placement kemistry, advanced placement biology, advanced placement envayonmental sayans, allengil advanced placement physics bii, allengil.
sarkkar, saambathikashaasthram, advanced placement yunaittad stetts gavanment aandu politiks, advanced placement comparative gavanment aandu politiks, advanced placement saikkolaji, advanced placement europian histtari, advanced placement yunaittad stetts histtari, advanced placement microeconomics allengil advanced placement macro economics enniva soshyal stadees kozhsukalil ulppedunnu.
engleesh klaasukalil advanced placement engleesh saahityavum rachana, chalachithravum saahityavum, kaayikarangavum saahityavum allengil samakaalika saahityavum ulppedunnu. beolph", "canterbury tails", "pigmalian", "dhii handmides stool", "fraankanstain", "odhello", "furno", goytheyude "faust", "hyaamlet", "brave nyoo waled" ennivayum edger alaan poow, joonn keats, vilyam wordsworth, emily dickinson thudangiya pranaya kavikalude kruthikalum padicha janapriya kruthikalil ulppedunnu.
art klaasukalil advanced placement art histtari, advanced placement studiyo art, advanced placement music thiyari, naadakatthile uplied art, garej baand samgeethajnjarkkulla sangeetha sidhaantham, aibi myoosikkal analysis, aibi thiyettar arts, advanced technical thiyettar, advanced photography, advanced seramics, fashion design, elastreshan, thiyettar dance, jaas dance, aibi dance stadees, madrigal gayakar, jaas gayakar allengil wind ensemb enniva ulppedunnu.
teknolaji klaasukalil advanced placement computer sayans, jaava, advanced web design, sii + + prograaming enniva ulppedunnu.
koleju maarkkatting, koleju samrambhakathvam, sports, entertainment maarkkatting, koleju preparatory interview klaasukal, bisinessile advanced fundamentalukal enniva bisinus klaasukalil ulppedunnu.
shaareerika vidyaabhyaasam, aarogyam (ithuvare eduthittillengil), bhaarodvahanam, pradhamashushrooshaykkulla vipulamaaya pariseelanam enniva velness klaasukalil ulppedunnu.
muthirnna varshavumayi bandhapetta paarambaryangal.
amerikkayilum mattu chila raajyangalilum, school varshathinte avasaanathodu (saadhaaranayaayi meyy allengil juun maasangalil) aduthulla oru birudadana paripadi undu, kooduthal aupachaarikamaayi arambham ennu vilikkunnu, avide muthirnnavar haiskoolil ninnu aupachaarikamaayi birudam nedukayum avarude diplomakal sweekarikkukayum cheiyunnu.
pala skoolukalilum, muthirnnavar school varshathinte thudakkathilo avarude muthirnna varshathinu munbulla venalkkaalathilo aupachaarika seeniyar chhaayaachithrangalkkaayi irikkunnu. varaanirikkunna biruda klaasukalude vaarshikapusthakathil eee chhaayaachithrangal upayogikkunnu. saadhaaranayaayi thaazhnna gradukalil upayogikkunnathinekkaal valuthaanu vaarshikapusthakathile muthirnna chhaayaachithrangal. aadhunika varshapusthakangal palathum nirangalilullathaanu.
eee varshathe vidyaarthikalkkaayi seeniyar prome ennu vilikkunna oru aupachaarika nrithamundu. chila schoolukal juuniyarmaarkkum seeniyarmaarkkumaayi oru samyojitha prome nadathunnu, mattullava rund gradeukalum vyathyastha nrithangalaayi verthirikkunnu.
seeniyar skip day (seeniyar ditch day ennum ariyappedunnu) muthirnnavar schoolil pookaathirikkukayum avarude ellah klaasukalum ozhivaakkukayum cheiyunna oru divasamaanu. eee paripadi/paarambaryam palappozhum school bharanakoodangalum adhyaapakarum amgeekarikkunnilla. chila mekhalakalil audyogikamaayi amgeekarikkappetta seeniyar day oof allengil birudadhaarikalaaya seeniyarmare avarude avasana pareekshakal ozhivakkaan anuvadikkunnathiloode ithine ethirkkunnu. oru seeniyar feeld trip allengil seeniyar klaas trip sponsor cheiyunnathinum eee audyogika seeniyar dinam upayogikkaam, udaaharanathinu, oru theem paarkk, oru thadaakam, oru resort, beach allengil mattethenkilum avadhikkala tharatthilulla pravartthanangal ennivayil klaas pookum. birudapatanathinushesham, muthirnnavaril palarum seeniyar aazhchayil pookukayum avide avar suhruthukkalodoppam beechil orazhcha chelavazhikkukayum cheiyunnu.
chila skoolukalil, muthirnnavarkk avarude seeniyar varshathinte thudakkathil oru klaas ring labikkum. school, administration allengil praadeshika samoohathekkurichulla praayogika thamaashaykk klaas sambhavana cheiyunna mattoru saadhaarana paarambaryamaanu muthirnna thamasha. muthirnnavarkkulla schoolinte pinthunayodulla nandiyudeyum bahumaanathinteyum adayaalamaayi muthirnnavar panam swaroopikkukayo upakaranangalkko mattu kaaryangalko panam sambhavana cheiyukayo cheyyuka ennathaanu anubandha paarambaryam. samanamaaya oru padhathiyil puram praadeshika samoohavum ulppedaam.