clarissa dixon

ayowa, newyork sitti, kansas, california ennividangalil vividha samayangalil jeevichirunna oru american bohemian, araajakathva thathwachinthakan, thozhil pravartthaka, feminist, kavi ennee nilakalil prashasthayaayirunnu clarissa belnap dixon (jananam clara belnap dixon; november 30,1851-meyy 15,1916). avant-gaard samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya henry kovalinte ammayaayirunnu avar.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
kuttikkalam.
bloombingtonin vadakku naalpat mile akale illinois nadiyile oru cheria pattanamaya illinoyisile hennepinil 1851 november 30 nuu marappanikkaranaaya saamuval asenath dixon, betshuva dixon ("nee" naash) ennivarude makalaayi clara belnap dixon janichu. kudumbatthinte poorvvikar kooduthalum scoach, airish vamshajaraayirunnu, ennaal saamuvalinte vamshavali bhaagikamaayi engleeshaayirunnu, noottaandukalaayi amerikkayil undaayirunnu, american mesan-dixon niraykku pinnilulla surveyarmaaril oralaaya jyothishaasthranjan jeramiah dixon ulppedeyullavar.
saamuvalinteyum bethshuvayudeyum anchu makkalil randaamatheyaalaayirunnu clarissa. ayovayile eddivilleykkaduthu cheria gramamaaya amidivilleyil ellah kuttikaleyum soujanya public schoolilum palliyilum pookaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi kudumbam oru ghattathil maari. dess moyinil ninnu naalpat mile thekkukizhakkayi oru saadhaarana madhya padinjaaran samathala karshaka samoohamaayirunnu eee pradesham, ithu yuva dambathikalude grameena samvedanakshamathaykku anuyojyamaayirunnu. karsanamaaya oru moulikavaadiyaaya kristhyan kudumbathilaanu avar valarnnathu.
maathaapithaakkalude vishwaasangalil nirashayaaya avar pathinezhaam vayassil pattanam vittu aduthulla vapello kaundiyile kirkvilleyilekku thamasam maari. avideyaanu avar oru yuva krishikkaaranaaya jorjju davidsone kandumuttiyath. 1869ll vivahitharaaya avarkk avarude eaka makan clarence janichu, oru varshathinusesham 1871ll. athe samayam pathonpathaam vayassil samagra vidyaabhyaasam nedaan clarissa theerumaanikkukayum aduthulla oottumvayile oru swakaarya schoolil cherukayum cheythu. pinneedu eddivilleyile aarr adhyapakaril oralaaya avar ettu varshatholam cheruthum ottamuri ullathumaaya kantri skoolukalil jolie cheythu.
aadyakaala activism.
oru yuvavenna nilayil, clarissa pathivayi chikkagoyile thozhil prasthaanatthilum communist, araajakathva sammelanangalilum pankedutthu. kalippaatta type setting upakaranam upayogichu, thozhil parishkaranavum praadeshika pathrangalile vanita vottavakaashavum sambandhichu shambalamillaatha vidagthanum prathinidhiyumayi pravartthikkunna oru rashtreeya laghulekha avar nirmmichu. eee parishkaarangalodulla avarude bhakti, "chikkago centinal", "american noonn kanformist", "ayowa karshakarude tribune" thudangiya prasidheekaranangalkkaayi swamedhayaa ezhuthaan avare prerippichu-avaa vyaapakamaayi pracharichuvenkilum avarude ezhuthukaarkku shambalam nalkiyilla.
1883-ll thanne, raashtreeyamaayi kuttaaropithamaaya dixante lekhanangalum maanifesttokalum raajyathudaneelam prasamsayum ninda aakarshichu. vadakkan madhya padinjaaran mekhalayile kooduthal daridraraaya samoohangalkkidayilaanu avarude janapreeti pradhaanamaayum nilanilkkunnathenkilum raajyathe ettavum valia nagarangalil ninnulla pathrangalum maasikakalum avare abhyarthikkunnundaayinu.
kaaliforniyayil sthirathaamasamaakki.
valarnnuvarunna currier.
madhya padinjaaran mekhalayilum athinte moulikavaada anthareekshathilum ninnu rakshappedaan prerippicha avar 1890-ll saan franciscoilekku ottaykku trainil kayari, paarambaryethara ezhuthukaarude annathe sajeeva kolaniyaayirunna oru nagaram. saahitya samoohathinte boheemiyanisathilekku prathyekamaayi aakarshikkappettirikkam abhipraayappettirunnuve nagaratthinteyum californiayudeyum eathu vashangalaan avale kooduthal aakarshichathennu krithyamaayi ariyilla. 1889 muthal 1891 vare avar araajakathva vaarikayaaya "dhii beekkan"-nte asisttant edittaraayirunnu. eee kaalayalavil jacq lunden, jorjju sterling, ambrose bears ennee ezhuthukaar dixante souhrudathilaayi.
saan fraansiskoyil aayirikkumbol, haari cowell enna yuva airish kudiyettakkaaranumaayi chernnu randaazhchathe araajakathva pathram "enfaant dier" kandethi. kooduthal filter cheyyaathathum sakthamaaya ichhaashakthiyullathumaaya manobhaavam nalkaan avar eee avasaram upayogichu. avarude ezhuthinteyum prachaaranatthinteyum reethi 1891-leeii "enfaant diyari" nte aadya prasidheekaranangalilonnil udaaharanamaayi kaanapedunnu aalukale vivaham kazhikkaan komaliyekkaal purohitanu avakashamilla. aalukale shikshikkaan jayil pakshiyekkaal kooduthal avakasham judjic illa. aalukale arast cheyyaan paavathekkaal kooduthal avakasham poleesukaaranundaakilla. janangalude swath kallanakkaan mattethoru kallanekkaalum nikuthidaayakanu avakashamilla. niyamanirmmaanathinu shaasanakkaaranekkaal kooduthal avakashamilla. enikku daivathodum maathaapithaakkalo paramaadhikaarikalo presidendukaloo poppumaaro bishappumaro mrithadehangalo purathana sthaapanangalodo bahumanamilla; churukkatthil, enikku oru vyakthiyodum vasthuvinodum bahumanamilla. athupole 1892-ll newyork jenalaaya "liberty"-ll ninnulla oru lekhanathil maathaapithaakkalil ninnu kollayadikkapetta panam avarude kuttikalkk swantham thaalpparyangalkkayi nirddeshichukondu kavarchayude adikaarangal nilanirthaan samsthaanam upayogikkunnu. sabayum athinte adikaaram nilanirthaan upayogikkunnu. oppam eee eratta leechukalilekkum... vidyaabhyaasathinaayi ealppichirikkunna kunjungalude aardramaaya manassukalaan avaa.
1909-ll avar prasidheekaricha eaka pusthakamaaya ell. jii. bii. tii feminist novalaaya "jaanett aandu herr dier febe" puratthirakki, akkaalat newyork times "pranayikal parasparam samarppicha rund kochu penkuttikalaaya pranayakathayude valare theevramaaya oru tharam" ennu visheshippichu.
dixon coval 1893ll vivahitharaayi.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
henry valarthunnu.
dixante randaamathe kuttiyaya henry dixon cowell 1896-ll janichu, aaa samayat avalkk naalppathiyaaru vayassayirunnu. 1914-ll, dixon thante makante aadyakaala jeevithathekkurichulla jeevacharitraparamaaya vishadaamshangalude oru typescript kaiyezhuthuprathi aarambhichu, athu 1916-ll stanarbudam baadhichu marikkunnathin munbu 64-aamm vayassil poortthiyaakki.

