
indigophera

fabasey kudumbatthilppetta 750-ladhikam inam poochedikalude oru valia janussaanu indigophera. avaa lokamembaadumulla ushnamekhalaa, uposhnamekhalaa pradeshangalil vyaapakamaayi vyaapichukidakkunnu.
vivaranam.
"indigophera" ennathu savisheshamaaya savisheshathakal kaanikkunna oru vaividhyamaarnna janussaanu, ithu vattaatha vilayayi oru rasakaramaaya sthaanaarthiyaayi maarunnu. prathyekichum, niravadhi savisheshathakalulla speesheesukalkkidayil vaividhyamaarnna vyathyaasangalund. eee vaividhyathinte chila udaaharanangalil pericarp kanam, pazhangalude tharam, pookkalude roopaghadana ennivayile vyathyaasangal ulppedunnu. kuranjathu mattoru inathodoppamenkilum chernna mishrita cherukida holder samvidaanangalude saadhyathakalum vyathyastha saahacharyangalkkidayilum sthiramaayi naitrajan ulkkollaan anuvadikkunna oru prathirodhasheshiyum ithu pradharshippicha savisheshathakalil ulppedunnu.
maram.
indigophera" enangalil chilath cheria marangalo sasyasasyangalulla vattaatha sasyangalo vaarshika sasyangalo aanenkilum avayil kooduthalum kuttichedikalaanu. shaakhakal silk romangalaal moodappettirikkunnu. avayil mikkavaykkum cheria pettiyolukalulla moonnu foliyolettukal kondu nirmmicha pinett elakalundu.
neelamulla pedankkilukalil ninno spikkukalil ninno ila achuthandil cheria pookkal valarunnu, avayude dalangal chuvapp allengil purple nirangalil varunnu, ennaal kurachu pacha-vella, manja-pookkalulla enangalundu. indigophera pookkalkku thuranna kaarpelukalund, avayude avayava primordial palappozhum mattu yoodikottukalekkaal aazhathilulla paalikalilaanu roopappedunnathu. eee inam oru yadhaartha vattaatha bahusamskaarathil athinte pankine ganyamaayi badhikkum. udaaharanathinu, vyathyastha paristhithi saahacharyangalilum mattu sasyangalude vyathyastha janasamkhyayilum nannayi yojikkunnathinaayi vyathyastha pookkalude roopaghadanakal vyathyastha dishakalilekku krithrimamaayi thiranjedukkaam.
pazhangal.
vyathyastha valippathilum aakruthiyilum neelamullathum silindar aakruthiyilullathumaaya payarvarggamaan eee pazham.
indigopherayude vividha enangal ulppaadippikkunna pazhangalude tharangale veendum valia vyathiyaanam kaanikkunna vishalamaaya vibhagangalaayi thirikkam. moonnu adisthaana tharam pazha vibhaagangale avayude vakrathayal verthirikkaam, avayil neraaya, cheruthaayi valanja, faalkkett (ariwal aakruthiyilulla) enniva ulppedunnu. koodaathe, "indigophera microcarpa", "indigophera safruticosa", "indigophera ennafilla" ennivayulppede niravadhi enangal pazhangalude kaalathamasam varuthiya dehissense (pakwata) kaanichittundu, eee vyathiyaanam ettavum samriddhavum poshakasamriddhavumaaya pazhangalude tharangaludeyum aakruthikaludeyum krithrima thiranjeduppinu veendum anuvadikkum.
indigophera tharamthirikkanulla mattoru maarggam athinte pericarp kanamaanu. perikaarppine (vithukalkku chuttumulla andaashayathil ninnulla tissue) type I, type II, type III enningane tharamthirikkaam, type I-ll ettavum kanamkuranja perikarppum sclerenchimatus (stiph) tissuevinte ettavum cheria paalikalum type III-ll ettavum kattiyulla perikarppum mikka sclerenchimatus paalikalum undu. kaalathamasam varuthiya villalinte muun udaaharanagal undaayirunnittum, eee janussile mikka pazhangalum vithukal chitharikkaan saadhaarana spotaka villal kaanikkunnu. pazhangalude aakruthiykku samaanamaayi, pazhangalude valippathile vyathiyaanam ettavum kattiyullathum samriddhavumaaya pazhangal thiranjedukkaan anuvadikkunnu.
upayogikkunnu.
indigo dye.
niravadhi enangal, prathyekichu "indigophera tinctoria", "indigophera safruticosa" enniva dye indigo nirmmikkaan upayogikkunnu. huwaka priyattayil ninnu kandethiya indigophera janussil ninnulla sasyangal kondu chayam pooshiya indigo-diade thunitharangalude scrappukal eejipthile indigo-diade thunitharangalkku 1,500 varshathilere munbullathaanu. kareebiyanile colonial thottakkaar indigo valarthukayum thekkan carolina, vadakkan carolina koolani ennividangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiyappol athinte krishi parichunadukayum cheythu, avide tuscarora konfedarasiyile aalukal thala pothiyunnathinum vasthrangalkkumaayi chayam pooshunnathinulla prakriya sweekarichu. pathinettaam noottaandinte pakuthi muthal avasaanam vare vilayude kayattumathi vikasichirunnilla. elisa lucas pincney adimakalaakkappetta aafrikkakkaarum chaalstaninu sameepam puthiya enangal vijayakaramaayi krishi cheythappol, american viplavathinu munbu kolaniyile (arrie kazhinjaal) randaamathe pradhana naanyavilayayi ithu maari. motham kayattumathiyude moonnil oru bhaagathiladhikam moolyamullathaanu ithu.
niravadhi pradhana chayangal uruthirinja raasa anilyn aadyamaayi samanvayippichathu indigophera safruticosayil (siin. "indigophera aanil", evide ninnaan anilyn enna peru).
indoneshyayil, sundanese baattikkin chaayamaayi indigophera tinctoria (praadeshikamaayi allengil ennariyappedunnu) upayogikkunnu. indiayil indigo thayyarakkunnathinekkur aadyamaayi report cheythath marco poloyaanu. madhyakaalakhattathil europian eesel paintingil indigo palappozhum upayogichirunnu.
speeshees.
"indigopherayil inipparayunna enangal ulppedunnu
anischithamaaya vargeekarana nilayilulla jeevikalude perukal.
thaazhepparayunna enangalude avastha pariharikkappedaathathanu
paristhithi.
"turnip moth (agrotis sejettam) ulppede chila lepidoptere enangalude laarvakal indigophera inathe bhakshya sasyangalayi upayogikkunnu.

