mohammed aii

mehmed selebi (, "prabhuvil janichavan") allengil kirishi (, "karthaavinte makan") ennum ariyappedunna mehmed onnaaman (1386-26 meyy 1421) 1413 muthal 1421 vare automan sultaanaayirunnu. sultan bayesid onnaamanteyum devlettu haattooninteyum naalaamathe makanaaya addeham automan intergrenathile (1402-1413) automan saamraajyathinte niyanthranathinaayi thante sahodaranmaarumaayi poraadi. room pravisyayil ninnu aarambhich aadyam anatolia pinneedu europian pradeshangaleyum (rumelia) thante niyanthranathilaakkaan addehathinu kazhinju, 1413 oode automan raashtrathe veendum onnippikkukayum 1421 ll marikkunnathuvare athu bharikkukayum cheythu. "ristorar" ennu vilikkappedunna addeham anatoliyayil kendra adikaaram punasthaapikkukayum 1415 ll vallachiya keezhadakkiyathode europil automan saannidhyam vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu. 1416 ll automanmaarkku naavikayuddham nashtappettathinaal venis thante kappalpadaye galipoliyil ninnu nashippichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1386 allengil 1387 ll sultan bayesid onnaamanteyum () bharyamaaril oralaaya devlettu haattooninteyum naalaamathe makanayi mehmed janichu. automan aacharam pinthudarnnu, 1399-ll kaumaarapraayathiletthiyal, aduthide athinte etatnidu bharanaadhikaarikalil ninnu keezhadakkiya room ailettil (central northen anattoliya) pravishya govarnoraayi anubhavam nedunnathinaayi addehathe ayachu.
1402 juulai juulai addehathinte pithaav bayesid ankaara yudhathil turko-mangolian vijayi bharanadhikaariyumaaya timur parajayappettu. sahodaranmaare (mustafa ozhike, biasidinoppam samarkandilekku kondupoya) yudhakkalathil ninnu rakshappeduthi, bayesid paasha mehmedine rakshikkukayum addeham addehathe thante janmanaadaaya amasyayilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. mehmed pinneedu bayesid pashaye thante grand visiyarakki (1413-1421).
aadyakaala automan saamraajyathin niyantritha pinthudarchaavakaasham undaayirunnilla, turkey paarambaryamanusarichu oro makan thante pithaavinte pingaamiyaakumaayirunnu. mehmedinte sahodaranmaaril moothavanaaya erthugrool 1400ll marikkukayum adutha nirayilulla mustafa thimoorinte thadavukaaranaayirikkukayum cheythu. praayapoorthiyaakaatha sahodarangale maattinirthiyathode, aabhyantharayudhathil "automan intergrenam" ennariyappettirunna bakkiyulla automan pradeshangalude niyanthranathinaayi mehmed, sulaiman, İSA, moosa ennee naalu raajakumaaranmaarkk tharkkikkendi vannu. aadhunika charitrarachanayil, eee rajakumaaranmaare saadhaaranayaayi "selebi" enna peril vilikkunnu, ennaal samakaalika srothassukalil, eee padavi mehmedin moosaykkum vendi neekkivachirikkunnu. baisantain srothassukal eee thalakkett "kairitts" (κyrιτzédés) ennu vivarthanam cheythu, ithu turkkiyil "kirishi" ennu sweekarikkappettu, chilappol gusthikkaranaaya "gurezi" ennu thettayi vyaakhyaanikkappettu.
aadyakaala edakkaalakhattathil, mehmed selebi thimoorinte saamanthanaayi perumari. mattu raajakumaaranmaarkk purame, thimoorinte peru "demur hahn gurgan" (taimur khaan karkan) ennu prathyakshappetta mehmed achadicha naanayavum, addehathinte swantham "mehmed biinn bayesid hahn" (mohammed bunn bayesid khaan) ennum ariyapettu. ulubad yudhathinushesham barsa pidichadakkiyathine nyaayeekarikkaanulla mehmedinte sramamaayirikkaam ithu. mehmed "rumm" ennathil svayam sthaapichathinushesham, timur ithinakam thanne madhyeshyayilekkulla thirichuvaravinulla thayyaareduppukal aarambichirunnu, koodaathe anatoliayile "nilavile avastha" yill edapedaan kooduthal nadapadikal sweekarichilla.
bharanam.
intergrenathil vijayicha sesham, saamraajyathinte europian bhaagathulla (saamraajyathinte anattoliyan, europian vashangal, constantinoppil, chuttumulla pradesham enniva vibhajikkunna pradesham, appozhum baisantain saamraajyathinte kaivashamaayirunnu) edirne enna thrassian nagaratthil mehmed svayam sulthaanaayitheernnu, mehmed onnamanaayi. addeham thante adikaaram shakthippeduthukayum edirnine eratta thalasthaanangalil ettavum pradhaanappettathaakkukayum albaniayude chila bhagangal, jandarid emirate, armeniyan rajyamaaya silicia enniva maamlukkukalil ninnu keezhadakkukayum cheythu. addehathinte niravadhi nettangal kanakkiledukkumbol, mehmed automan sulthaanettinte "randaamathe sthaapakan" ennu parakke ariyappedunnu.
mehmed thante bharanam aarambhichathin thottupinnaale, ankaara yudhathil avarude pithaav bayesid onnaamanodoppam pidikkappedukayum samarkandil thadavilaakkappedukayum, intergreniyathil anatoliyayil olichirikkukayum cheytha addehathinte sahodaran mustafa selebi veendum purathuvarikayum mehmedinode saamrajyam vibhajikkaan aavasyappedukayum cheythu. mehemed visammathikkukayum yudhathil mustafayude sainyathe nerittu, avare eluppathil paraajayappedutthukayum cheythu. mustafa baisaantain nagaramaya thessalonikiyilekku rakshapettu, ennaal mehmedinumaayulla oru kararinu sesham, baisaantain chakravarty maanuval randaaman paleolos mustafa lemnos dveepilekku naadukadatthi.
ennirunnaalum, mehmed appozhum chila prasnangal nerittu, aadyam thante anantharavan oorhaante prashnamaayirunnu, mehmed thante bharanathinu bheeshaniyaayi kanakkakki, thante antharicha sahodaranmaareppole. sultan mehmedinethire oorhaan upayogikkaan shramicha maanuval randaaman paleologos addehavumaayi bandhapetta oru goodaalochanayundennu aaropikkappedunnu; ennirunnaalum, sultan goodaalochanayekkurichu kandethukayum vanchanaykku oorhaane andhanakkukayum cheythathayi oru saadhaarana baisaantain sambradaayam parayunnu.
koodaathe, ankaara yudhathinteyum mattu aabhyanthara yudhangaludeyum falamaayi saamraajyathile janasamkhya asthiravum aaghaathakaravumaayirunnu. saamraajyathil valare sakthamaaya oru saamoohikavum mathaparavumaya prasthaanam uyarnnuvarikayum athu vinashakaramaavukayum cheythu. prashastha muslim sufiyum charismetic daivashaasthranjanumaaya sheikh bedreddin (1359-1420) aanu eee prasthaanatthinu neethrthwam nalkiyathu. edirneyude (munbu adrianople) thekkupadinjaraayi simavanayil (kyprenos) oru greak ammaykkum musleem pithaavinum janicha oru pramukha ulamayaayirunnu addeham. mehmedinte sahodaran moosa bedredine thante "sainyathinte khaadi" athawa paramonnatha jadjiyakkiyirunnu. bedreadin automan sulthaanettil oru janakeeya matha prasthaanam srishtichu, "sambannarum daridrarum thammilulla saamoohika vyathyaasangal adichamarthunnathinum vividha tharatthilulla ekadaivavaadam thammilulla thadassangalkkum prothsaahippikkunna attimari nigamanangal."saamraajyathile vividha mathangaludeyum vibhaagangaludeyum janakeeya saamoohika viplavavum samanvayavum vijayakaramaayi vikasippichedutha bedredinte prasthaanam saamraajyathinte europian bhaagath aarambikkukayum padinjaaran anatoliyayil kooduthal vipuleekaranathinu vidheyamaakukayum cheythu.
1416ll sheikh bedreddin simhaasanathinethire kalapam aarambhichu. naalu varshathe poraattatthinu sesham, oduvil mehmedinte grand visiyar bayesid paasha addehathe pidikoodukayum 1420-ll aadhunika greasile seres nagaratthil thookkikkollukayum cheythu.
maranam.
punarekeekritha saamraajyathinte sultaanaayirunna mehmed onnaamante bharanam addehathinte maranathinu ettu varsham munbu maathrame neenduninnulloovenkilum, eathaandu poorvakaalatthe 11 varshathe automan intergrenathinte kaalaghattatthil, ankarayile pithaavinte thadavilinum chamurlu yudhathil sahodaran moosa selibikkethiraaya addehathinte avasana vijayathin idayilaayi, simhaasanathinaayi malsaricha ettavum sakthanaaya sahodaran saamraajyathinte mikka bhaagangaludeyum "yadhaartha" bharanaadhikaariyumaayirunnu addeham.
maranathinu munbu, thante makan murad randaamanu simhasana surakshithamaayi kaimarunnathinaayi, mehmed thante anantharavan oorhaan selibi (sulaimaante makan) andhanakkukayum thante rund aanmakkalaaya yousufin mahmoodin bandikalaakki manwal randaaman chakravarty nirthaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu.
barsayil addeham nirmmicha prashasthamaaya pallikkaduthu svayam nirmmicha oru shavakudeerathil addehathe samskarichu, pacha thilangunna tailukalude alankaarangal kaaranam athine pacha palli ennu vilikkunnu. mohammed onnaaman bursayil mattoru pally poortthiyaakki, athu addehathinte muthachan murad onnaaman aarambhichenkilum bayesidinte bharanakaalathu avaganikkapettu. mehmed thante swantham harita pallikkum shavakudeerathinum sameepathaayi rund savisheshamaaya sthaapanangal sthaapichu, onnu school onnu paavapettavarkkulla oru refectory, iva randum addeham rajakeeya anugraham nalki.
kudumbam.
bharyamaar.
mehemed enikku ariyappedunna moonnu bhaaryamaarundaayirunnu
makkal.
enikku kuranjathu anchu aanmakkalundaayirunnu
penmakkal.
enikku kuranjathu ezhu penmakkalundaayirunnu

