
jnjaanodayathinte kaalaghattatthile nireeshwaravaadam

diderottinteyum dii 'alembertinteyum "vijnjaanakoshathinteyum" entry nirvachichirikkunnathupo, "lokathil oru daivathinte nilanilpp nishedhikkunnavarude abhiprayamaanu nireeshwaravaadam. daivathekkurichulla lalithamaaya anjjatha "nireeshwaravaadam" allah. nireeshwaravaadam" enna veruppulavaakkunna thalakkett aaropikkappettal oraalkk daivathekkurichulla dhaarana undaayirikkanam, athu nirasikkanam."prabudhathayude kaalaghattatthil, mathaparamaya sahishnuthayude purogathi moolam prakhyapithavum thurannathumaaya nireeshwaravaadam saadhyamaayenkilum athu prothsaahippikkappettilkata.
nireeshwaravaadatthinte aropanangal saadhaaranamaayirunnu, ennaal nireeshwaravaadathekkurichallu avarude samaprayakkaar samshayichirunna bhooribhaagam aalukalum yadhaarthathil nireeshwaravaadikalaayirunniru. eee kaalayalavil europil parasyamaayi thiricharinja nireeshwaravaadikalude valare cheria ennathil randuperaanu dii 'holback denis diderot. thiruvezhuthinekkurichu bhauthikavaadaparamaaya vyaakhyaanathinte peril thomas hobsine oru nireeshwaravaadiyaayi parakke kaanapettu-muun suhruthaaya henry hamond oru kathil addehathe "kristhyan nireeswaravaadi" ennu visheshippichu. mathatthinte swaabhaavika charithram" ennathinekkurichulla rachanakalkk david huminethire nireeshwaravaadatthinte aaropanavum "vimarsanaathmaka nighanduvil" oru dhaarmika nireeswaravaada samoohathinte saadhyathaye prathirodhichathinu piyar beylinethire nireeshwaravaadatthinte aaropanavum barook spinosa "panthesism" ennathinte peril oru nireeshwaravaadiyaayi palappozhum kanakkaakkiyirunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee moonnu vyakthikalum atharam aaropanangalkkethire svayam prathirodhichu.
sahishnuthayude vardhana.
parishkarana, prathi-parishkarana kaalaghattangalil, mathanyoonapakshangalo nireeshwaravaadamo sahikkaatha oru "peedippikkunna samoohamaayirunnu" europe. 1598ll naantas saasanam purappeduvicha fraansil polum, pinneedu 1685ll athu pinvalikkappettappol, pathinettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil mathaparamaya sahishnuthaykk valare kurachu pinthuna maathrame undaayirunnulloo. rund kaaranangalal mathaparamaya ekathvam nilanirthunnathil samsthaanangal shradhaalukkalaayirunnu onnamathaayi, avar thiranjeduttha kuttasammatham daivathilekkulla vazhiyaanennum mattu mathangal mathavirudhamaanennum randaamathaayi, saamoohikavum raashtreeyavumaaya sthirathaykku mathaparamaya aikyam aavasyamaanennum avar vishwasichu. sahishnuthayude purogathi praayogika rashtreeya uddeshyangaludeyum njaanodaya "thathwachinthakal" pinthunaykkunna thathwangaludeyum phalamaayirunnu. pathinettaam noottaandinte bhooribhaagavum mathamaayirunnu charchayude kendra vishayam. ithu coffey houseukalilum prabudha europile samvaada samoohangalilum charchaavishayavum "thathwachinthakar" thammilulla tharkkatthinte asthiyumaayirunnu. maikkal jeey. muun varshangalile mathaparamaya akramangalodulla prathikaranamaayi sahishnuthayudeyum nireeshwaravaadatthinteyum uyarchaye buckley vivarikkunnu fraansil ninnu hyooganottukale puratthaakkal, spanish anweshanam, manthravaada vichaaranakal, englandu, scotland, netherlands ennividangalile aabhyanthara yudhangal. buckley vaadikkunnathu "europian samskaarathinte bhooribhaagathinteyum vardhichuvarunna mathethara samvedanakshamathayil mathayudham kuttasammatham nadathunnathinu maattaanaavaathavidham apakeerthippeduthiyurnu" ennaanu."ole peettar brell reey porter prathidhwanikkunna kaazhchayaanith. ennirunnaalum, mathaparamaya vaividhyam aswasthathayilekkum orupakshe aabhyantharayudhathilekkum nayikkumennath oru pothu aashayamaayirunnuvennu marisa lintan choondikkaanikkunnu.
justin chaambyante abhipraayathil, englandile chodyam mathaparamaya sathyam nirnnayikkunnathilekku, oru daivamundo illayo ennathalla, marichu enthaanu sathyamaayi amgeekarikkappettathennu nirnnayikkanulla adikaaram pourohithyam engane nediyennu manassilakkunna onnaayirunnu. henry stub, chaals blound, joonn tolland thudangiya republican theevravaadikal mathathe athirukadanna thathwangal ennathilupari oru saamoohikavum saamskaarikavumaaya sthaapanamaayi manassilakki. purohitharude vanchanayo purohithavidyayo aayirunnu avarkk praadhamika prachodanam. thomas hobsinte leviathan enna pusthakatthinte randaam pakuthiyil itharathilulla aantiklarikkal chinthayude oru udaaharanamundu. tolland, akkaalathe mattu aantiklarikkal ezhuthukaar ennivareppole hobukal charithratthinte adisthaanathil mathathe manassilakki. mathaparamaya sathyatheyum sabhayey verittathaayi kaanunnathiloode avaa kooduthal mathaparamaya viyojippinu vazhiyorukki.
france oru samboornna rajavaazhchayaayirunnathinaal raajaavine daivika avakaashathaal bharikkunnathayi kaanappettirunnathinal, franch janatha addehathinte mathaparamaya kaazhchappaadukal pankidanamennu pothuve karuthappettirunnu. fraansile huganote nyoonapakshathinu sahishnutha nalkia naantasinte saasanam 1685-ll raddaki. franch sahishnuthayude uyarchaykku "thathwachinthakar" oru paridhivare sambhavana cheythappol, franch huganottukalude pravartthanangalum oru punk vahichuvennu marisa lintan vaadikkunnu avar fraansile kooduthal vidoora pradeshangalil kooduthal parasyamaayi aaradhikkaan thudangi, ezhu varshathe yudhathinte thalennu franch kireedatthodulla avarude thudarchayaaya vishwasthatha avarude vishwaasathekkurichulla raajaavinte samshayangal laghookarikkaan sahaayichekkam. pathinettaam noottaandinte madhyathil, jaansenist budhijeevikal kaalvinistukalodulla mathaparamaya sahishnuthaykkayi pracharanam aarambhichu. eee kaaranagal pothujanaabhipraayathe mathaparamaya sahishnuthayilekku mattiyathaayi lintan vaadikkunnu. mathaparamaya sahishnutha ellaavarum amgeekarichilla; udaaharanathinu, fraansile sahishnuthayude uyarchaye abbe houttiville apalapichu, kaaranam athu sabhaa adhikaarathe durbalappeduthukayum mathanirapekshathaye prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1787-ll luis pathinaraman vivaham kazhikkaanum swath swanthamaakkaanumulla pouraavakaasham amgeekarichukondu sahishnuthayude oru saasanam nalki, ennirunnaalum avarkk aaraadhanaykkulla audyogika avakasham nishedhikkappedukayum pothu padavi vahikkano adhyapakaraakaano kazhiyaathirikkukayum cheythu. franch viplavam vare protestantumaarodulla poornna mathaparamaya sahishnutha nalkappedilla.
sahishnuthayekkurichulla ezhuthukaar.
dutch jootha spinosa vyakthiparamaaya vishwaasangal prakadippikkaanulla vyakthigatha swaathanthryathinaayi vaadichu, athesamayam valia sabhakal oru paridhivare daivavaada aadarshaparamaaya samsthaana mathathil pettavayallengil avare niruthsaahappedutthi. spinosayude abhipraayathil, chintha, samsaram, avishkaara swaathanthryam ennivayaayirunnu sahishnuthayude pradhana moolyangal-athinaal, spinosa sensarshippine ethirthu. vyakthiparamaaya nettathinuvendiyum samsthaanathinum pothujanagalkkum valia vila nalkiyaanu" sahishnutha virudha niyamangal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathennum avaa mathaparamaya samgharsham kuraykkunnathinupakaram vashalaakkunnuvennum jonathan israel thante nilapad samgrahichu. aaraadhanaykkulla avakaashathekkaal chinthikkaanulla swaathanthryathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla sahishnuthayekkurichulla thante sidhaanthangal spinosa nirmmikkukayum, vedagrandhangalude eathenkilum vyaakhyaanathe adisthaanamaakkiyalla, daarshanika thathwangalkkanusrithamaayi sthaapikkappedukayum cheythu. thathfalamaayi, nireeshwaravaadikal, catholicar, juthanmaar ennivarulppede ellaavarkkumaayi spinosa pradhaanamaayum vaadikkukayaayirunnu.
luis pathinalaamanumaayulla tharkkatthinte adisthaanamaaya piyar bail sahishnuthayude sakthamaaya vakthavaayirunnu. thante prashasthamaaya nighanduvil oru dhaarmika nireeswaravaada samooham enna ashayathe addeham prathirodhichu. thathwachinthakal" asahishnuthaykkum andhavishwaasathinum ethire yuddham cheiyunna reethikk sakthamaaya sambhavana nalkiyathinu martin fitspatric addehathe prashamsikkunnu. spinosayude swaadheenam kuraykkaan addeham aagrahichirunnuvenkila, apakadakaramaaya chinthakanaayum nireeshwaravaadiyaayum kanda aikya pravishyakalile hyooganattukal bailinode samanamaaya reethiyil perumari.
chila kristhyan vibhaagangalkkidayil maathram sahishnutha enna ashayam addeham munnott kondupoyenkilum, joonn loock sahishnuthayekkurichulla praayogika veekshanam nirddeshichu. oru daivathil vishwasikkaathavarum thirichariyaavunna aaraadhanakalonnum anushttikkaathavarum avarude aathmaakkale rakshikkaan sramikkaathavarumaayathil addeham nireeshwaravaadikalude sahishnuthaykkulla avakaashathe shakthamayi nishedhichu. poppinte adikaaram katholikkare bharanakoodathinu apakadakaramaakkiyenna adisthaanathil addeham katholikkarodulla sahishnutayum nishedhichu. saaraamshathil, lokke oru aradhana swaathanthryamaanu munnott kondupoyathu, chintha swaathanthryamalla. lokke pole pathinettaam noottaandile ezhuthukaaril bahubhooripakshathinum, velippetta mathatthinte kathalil ninnu vyathichalicha ashayangalodu mathaparamaya sahishnutha nalkunnathil thaalpparyamundaayirunnil. eee ezhuthukaaril bhooribhaagavum spinosayude sahishnuthayude aadarshathe shakthamayi ethirthu, ithu "pradhaanamaayum vyakthigatha swaathanthryathekkurinu, mathramalla samoohathinte mail svayam adichelppikkaanulla valia sabhaa gadanakalude swaathanthryathekkuricha".
voltaire, 1763-ll "sahishnuthayekkurichulla oru prabandham", joonn lokkinte paarambaryatthil thudarnnu, sahishnutha vipaniyile vyathyasthamaaya kuttasammatham thammilulla ashayavinimayavum nalla bandhavum anuvadikkunnuvennu vaadichu. hyooganottukale francilake madangaan anuvadikkunnathu franch sambadvyavasthaye uttejippikkum. eee kaazhchappaadine pinthunaykkunnathu addeham mathramaayirikkilla.
thikachum vyathyasthamaaya kaazhchappaadukalum kuttasammatham nadathukayum cheythenkilum, apakadakaramaaya paarambarya virudhathayum nireeshwaravaadavum enna thalakkettil sahishnuthaykk anukoolamaayi ezhuthiyavarude kaazhchappaadukal ethirkkaan athiraalikal pravanatha kaanichu.
bandhapetta daarshanika prasthaanangal.
daivavaadam.
mathaparamaya velippeduthalukalo sidhaanthangalo allathe yukthiye adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru daivathilulla daarshanika vishwaasamaanu daivavaadam. vyathyastha alavukalil daivavaada manobhaavam sweekaricha "thathwachinthakar"kkidayil ithu oru janapriya dhaaranayaayirunnu. eee kaaryatthil daivavaadam, oru daivathinte asthithvathe mothatthil nishedhikkunna nireeshwaravaadathil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaan. udaaharanathinu, daivathinte nilanilpp prakadamaaya oru vasthuthayaanennu voltairinu bodhyappettu. ennirunnaalum, daivavaadiyaaya daivathinu palappozhum kristheeya thiruvezhuthukalude daivavumaayi cheria saamyam maathrame undaayirunnulloo, athaayath daivangale palappozhum kuttasammatham nadathunna vishwaasikal shakthamayi vimarsikkukayum nireeshwaravaadathinu kuttappeduthukayum cheyyaamaayirunnu.
daivavaadikal palappozhum mathaparamaya sahishnuthaykk prerippichu, ithu nireeshwaravaadatthinte thuranna aavishkaarathe pinthunaykkumaayirunnu. ithu avar nireeshwaravaadathe pinthunachathukondalla-avar pinthunachathukondalla-marichu daivachinthakar manahsaakshiyude pouraswaathanthryathinu anukoolamaaya pravanatha kaanichathukondaanu. maikkal jeey. buckley ezhuthunnu, "nireeshwaravaadam asweekaaryamaayirunnel, andhavishwaasavum mathabhranthum athilum kooduthalaayirunnu."devanmar nireeswaravaada anukoolikalaayirunnilla, pakshe avarude virudha chaayvukal nireeshwaravaadatthinte parinaamathinu parokshamaayi gunam cheythu.
charitraparamaaya padangalil, daivavaadavum nireeshwaravaadavum thammil adutha bandham kaanunnath valare saadhaaranamaanu. daivavaadavum nireeshwaravaadavum thammilulla nerittulla bandhathekkurichulla peettar geyude kaazhchappaadine buckley vimarshikkunnu, "swavarganuraga charttukal theerchayaayum ulla vaahakangal, pakshe vyathyasam alppam valare vrithiyullathum amithamaayi varachathumaayirikkam."kristheeya daivashaasthrathil ninnulla ellah charitraparavum pingamiparavumaaya vivarangalum illaathaakkukayum pathinettaam noottaandile maanadandangal anusarichu nyayamaaya aavasyangal nilanirthukayum cheytha oru filtering prakriyayude falamaanu daivavaadam ennu luis duprey visheshippikkunnu."nireeshwaravaadam orupakshe oru padi koodi munnott neekkiya athe prakriyayaayirikkam. daivashaasthram kramena thathwachinthaykku samarppichathode nireeshwaravaadatthinte uyarchaykku buckley credit nalkunnu-sabhaa nethaakkal ulppedeyulla chinthakar daarshanika padangalil mathathekkurichu vadikkaan thudangiyappol, avar avishwaasathinu vazhiyorukki-avar nireeshwaravaadathe chinthaneeyamaakki. eee veekshanakonil, nireeshwaravaadathilekkalla paathayile sankeernamaaya oru vazhiyaan daivavaadam yukthiye adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru daivathilulla daarshanika vishwaasamaanu daivavaadam. daivathilulla vishwaasam yukthiye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane, oraalude avishwaasathilekkulla vazhi nyaayeekarikkunnath chinthaneeyamaakum.
freemasonary.
europe bhookhandathile prabudhathayude kaalaghattatthile freemasonukal nireeshwaravaadathinu irayaayi. 1723leeii masonic "bharanaghadanakal" mathatthinte kaaryatthil avyakthamaanu, oru freemason "kalaye shariyaayi manassilaakkunnundengil, addeham orikkalum oru viddiyaaya nireeswaravaadiyo mathanirapeksha swaathanthryavaadiyo aakilla" ennu prasthaavikkunnu, athesamayam "ellah manushyarum yojikkunna matham pinthudaraan aavasyappedukayum avarude prathyeka abhipraayangal svayam upekshikkukayum cheiyunnu". masonic saahityam idaykkide avyakthamaayum "prapanchatthinte mahathaaya shilpi" yeei paraamarshikkunnundenkum, avarude rahasyaparamaaya achaarangal oro freemesanteyum mathaparamaya bandhathe oohaapohangalude vishayamaakki maatti.
phremosonic samskaaram brittanil ninnu uthbhavich bhookhandathilekku vyaapichu, prakrithi avakaashangalekkurichum bharanathilullavarude avakaashangalekkurichum ashayangal konduvannu. chila pradeshangalil, bhookhandangalude freemasonary kooduthal vinashakaramaaya engleesh srothassukalil ninnu eduthathaakaam. maargarat sii. joonn tolandum dutch freemasonary thammilulla bandhathe jacob roopappeduthunnu; 1735-ll dutch republicile masonic lodjinte sthaapakanaaya jeane roosett dii missi svayam vivaricha oru paanthist aayirunnu, tolland srishticha padam kadameduthaanu. bhookhandangalude freemaasanriyude charithratthile nimishangalil, prathyekichu 1790kalil, swathanthrachinthayude allengil daivavaadatthinte oru parambarayundu" ennu jacob vaadikkunnu."eee mathaparamaya avyakthatha nireeshwaravaadatthinte" "chinthaneeyatha" "kku kaaranamakunnathaayi vyaakhyaanikkaam".
samakaalika kaazhchappaadukal.
spinosa.
barooch spinosa (1632-1677), thante 1670 leeii "daivashaasthra-rashtreeya grandhatthil", joothamathatheyum (addehathinte janma matham) ellah samghaditha mathangaleyum vimarshichu. addehathinte daarshanika aabhimukhyam palappozhum "pantisism" ennu vilikkappedunnu, ithu spinosayude maranashesham joonn tolland srishticha padamaanu. ennirunnaalum, pathinezhaam noottaandinteyum pathinettaam noottaandinteyum avasaanathil, spinosayude peru palappozhum nireeshwaravaadam, swathanthrachintha, bhauthikavaadam, daivavaadam, mattethenkilum vipareeta mathavishwaasam ennivayumaayi bandhappettirunnu. paantheeyavaadam" nireeshwaravaadamaano allayo ennu aadhunika pandithanmaar ippozhum charcha cheiyunnu.
piyar bail.
piyar bailey (1647-1706) oru huganote aanennu svayam avakaashappettengilum mathaparamaya sahishnuthaye pinthunachathinu nireeshwaravaadathinu vyaapakamaayi aaropikkapettu. nireeshwaravaadathe prathirodhichathinu addeham valia vimarsanangal nerittu. nireeshwaravaadikal" "kaaryangalude swabhaavathekkurichu angeyattam andharum anjarumaayirikke" "avarude thinmakalkk oru tharatthilum verthirikkappedaatha niravadhi nireeshwaravaadikal undaayirunnu", "koodaathe" nireeshwaravaadikal undengil, dhaarmmikamaayi paranjaal, nannayi kaikaaryam cheyyappedunnavar, nireeshwaravaadam adhaarmikathayude anivaarya kaaranamallennum, marichu swabhaavathil ninno swabhaavathil ninno adhaarmmikaraakumaayirunnave sambandhichidatholam oru aakasmikamaaya onnaanennum addeham thante "charithravum vimarsanavum" enna nighanduvil prasthaavichu."vimarsanangalkk marupadiyaayi, addeham 1702-leeii nighanduvinte pathippil" "vishadeekaranangal nireeshwaravaadikalekkurachillu" "enna oru lekhanam ulppeduthi". athil, "dhaarmika kaaryangalil bhooribhaagam vigrahaaraadhakarekkaalum kooduthal yogyatha nediya nireeshwaravaadikalum epicurianukalum undu" enna thante prabandhathe addeham nyaayeekarichu, dhaarmmikathayude eaka adisthaanam mathamallenn vaadichu. addeham ezhuthi, "mathamillaatha chila purushanmaar avarude bharanaghadanayiloode maanyavum daarmmikavumaaya jeevitam nayikkaan prachodanam nalkunnathinu, prashamsayodulla snehathodum apamaanathekkurichulla bhayathodum koodi, manassaakshiyude sahajaavabodham kondu mattullavarekkal saadhyathayund."
david hume.
david hume (1711-1776) thante kaalath palappozhum oru nireeshwaravaadiyaayi kaanapettirunnu. andhavishwaasavum mathavum", "dhaarmikavum raashtreeyavumaaya", "aathmahathya", "aathmaavinte amarthyathaye", "prakrithi mathathekkurichulla sambhashanangal", boswellumaayulla maranashayyayilulla sambhashanangal (pinneedu prasidheekarichathu) thudangiya kruthikalile mathathodulla addehathinte samshayaathmaka manobhaavam oru nireeswaravaadiyenna prashasthi nedi. 1740kalil humine nireeshwaravaadatthinte peril eddinberg sarvakalashaalayil adthyaapaka sthaanathekku polum nirasichu.
dederot.
denis dederot (1713-1784) dii 'holbaakkinte saloonile kendraathidhikalil oralum "encyclopedy" praadhamika edittarumaayirunnu. dederot nireeshwaravaadathekkurichu vipulamaayi ezhuthiyittundengilum, addeham dii 'holbackineo naigionineyo pole tharkkavishayamayirunnilla-thante nireeswaravaada kruthikal prasidheekarikkunnathirum, avaa suhruthukkalkkidayil pracharippikkunnathino maranananthara prasidheekaranathinaayi naigiyonin nalkunnathino addeham pravanatha kaanichu. dederot oru bhauthikavaada lokaveekshanathe pinthunachu. oru srashtaavillaathe prapanchatthinu engane aarambikkaan kazhiyum enna prasnangal pariharikkan addeham sramikkukayum ajaiva padaarthatthil ninnu engane jeevan undaakumenn sidhaantham parayukayum cheythu. duprey parayunnathanusarichu, "prapanchatthinu oru thudakkam undaayirikkanam enna theliyikkappedaatha thathwam" oraal upekshikkukayaanenkil srishtiyude "kaaryakshamamaya kaaranam" sthaapikkendathinte aavasyakatha inii oru prashnamallenn dederot nigamanam cheythu. jeevante uthbhavam dravyathinte swaabhaavika aantharika parinaamatthinte oru prakriyaayirikkaamenn dederot karuthi.
dii holback.
baaran dii holback (1723-1789) 'kotteri holbachic'-nteyum addeham paareesile veettil aathidheyathvam vahicha saloonudeyum kendra vyakthiyaayirunnu. onnum vishwasikkunnillennu avakashappetta david huminode dii 'holback paranja oru kathayude adisthaanathil, thante saloonile pathinettu athidhikalil pathinanju perr nireeshwaravaadikalum moonnu perr ithuvare theerumaanameduthittaannathu paarees nireeshwaravaadikalude samgamasthalamaayi saloonine vyaakhyaanichittund. eee prasthaavanayude krithyathayekkurichu chila samshayangalundu. enthaayaalum, dii 'holback thanne oru nireeshwaravaadiyaayirunnu. nireeshwaravaadathekkurichu valareyadhikam charchakal nadanna sthalamaayirunnu saloon, nireeshwaravaadikalum daivavaadikalum athath sthaanangalkkaayi nannayi tharkkikkan dhaaraalam samayam chelavazhichathaayi thonnunnu. saloon nireeshwaravaadatthinte kendramaayirunnuvennu avakaashappedunnundenkum, sthiramaayi hajarakunna moonnu vishwaasikalaaya nireeshwaravaadikal maathrame undaayirunnulloo dii 'holback, denis dederot, jackwus-andrey naigiyon.
dii 'holbaakkinte likhithangalil palappozhum nireeswaravaada prameyangal ulppedunnu. sisttem dii laa nechar", "leeii boonn-sense", "laa moral yoonivezhsal" ennee moonnu karyangal nireeshwaravaadatthinte kaaranatthe munnott kondupokunnathil prathyekichum shradha kendreekarikkunnunnu alaan chaals coorse udharikkunnu. eee moonnu grandhangaludeyum chila adisthaana prameyangal coorse samgrahichathu karkkashamaaya bhauthikavaadamaanu eaka yojicha kaazhchappaad enna aashayamaayum "manushyaraashiyude santhoshathinum athijeevanathinumulla anivaaryathakalil ninnu oohikkappedunna oreyoru maanushikavum prayojanakaravumaaya daarmmikathayaanu" enna aashayamaayum aanu."coorse ezhuthunnathu pole, dii 'holbaakkinte thaarathamyena savisheshamaayath addeham" "oru nireeshwaravaadiyaayirunnu, addeham mathaparivarthanam nadatthi".
encyclopedy".
encyclopedy" (prasidheekaricha 1751-1772) nireeshwaravaadiyaaya denis dederot nayikkukayum edittu cheyyukayum cheythathaanenkilum, nireeshwaravaadatheyum nireeshwaravaadikaleyum kurichulla encyclopediayude lekhanangal paasttar jeane-henry-saamuval formy abeh claude yvonum ezhuthiya negatteevu toonn edukkunnu. pothujanangalum chila "thathwachinthakarum" nireeshwaravaadathekkurichallu ettavum saadhaaranamaaya sangalppamaayirikkaam ithu. anjjathayum viddithavum, vyabhicharavum dhaarmmikathayude azhimathiyum ennivayaanu nireeshwaravaadatthinte pradhana kaaranangalenn yvon thirichariyunnu. nireeshwaravaadikalkku "manushyapravartthanangale dhaarmikathayekkurichu krithyavum poornnavumaaya dhaarana undaayirikkaan kazhiyillennu" oonnipparayunna "athees" enna lekhanam praadhamikamaayi beylinte avakaashavaadangal nishedhikkunnathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.

