joonn jeey. vimarshikkunna

joonn jordan krittandan (septambar 10,1787 juulai 26,1863) amerikkayil ninnulla oru american raashtrathanthranjanum raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu.ezz. kentakkiyude avastha. addeham yuu. esil samsthaanathe prathinidheekarichu.ezz. house oof representatives yuu.ezz. vilyam henry haarisan, joonn tailar, millard fillmore ennivarude bharanathil senattum rund thavana yunaittad stetts attorni generalayi sevanamanushtichu. kentakkiyile 17-aamathe gavarnaraayirunna addeham samsthaana niyamasabhayil sevanamanushtichu. yuu-yude saadhyathayulla sthaanaarthiyaayi palappozhum paraamarshichittundengilum.ezz. presidentil, addeham orikkalum sthaanathekku malsarikkaan sammathichilla.
thante aadyakaala rashtreeya jeevithathil, krittandan kentakki house oof representativesilaanu sevanamanushtichathu, niravadhi avasarangalil speakeraayi thiranjedukkappettu. randaam party sanbradaayathinte varavode addeham naashanal republican (pinneedu wig) partyumaayi sakhyamundaakkukayum henry kleyude theevra pinthunakkaaranum demokraattukalaaya andrew jaxoninteyum martin vaan byooraninteyum athiraaliyumaayirunnu.
lime duck president joonn kwinsey adams krittandane yuu. esilekku naamanirddesham cheythu.ezz. 1828 desember desember supreme kodathi, ennaal presidentaayi thiranjedukkappetta jaxone pinthunacha senattarmaar jaaksan swantham aale naamanirddesham cheiyunnathuvare sthireekaranam maattivaykkaan vottu cheythu. kentakki stettu sekrattariyaayi hraswa sevanathinu sesham, samsthaana niyamasabha yuu. esile thudarchayaaya naalu bharanangalil randaamathethinu krittandane thiranjedutthu.ezz. senatt. presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettappol, vilyam henry haarisan krittandane attorni generalayi niyamichu, ennaal haarisante maranathinu anchu maasathinu sesham, rashtreeya abhiprayavyathyaasangal haarisante pingamiyaaya joonn tailarude keezhil thante sevanam thudarunnathinekkaal raajivaykkaan addehathe prerippichu.
1848 leeii president thiranjeduppil kentakkiyude vottu nedaan sachari taylore sahaayikkumenn pratheekshichukondu 1848 ll govarnor sthaanathekku malsarikkaan raajivaykkunnathuvare sevanamanushticha addeham 1842 ll senattilekku madangiyethi. tailor thiranjedukkappettenkum 1825ll kalimannu thannodu "azhimathiparamaaya vilapeshal" nadathiyathinu kuttam chumathappedumennu bhayann crittenden thante manthrisabhayil oru sthaanam nirasichu. 1850ll taylorude maranathethudarnnu crittenden govarnor sthaanam raajivaykkukayum attorni generalayi millard filmorinte niyamanam sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
cheythu madhyathil wig party thakarnnappol krittandan noow nothing (allengil american) partyil chernnu. attorni general enna nilayilulla kaalavadhi avasaanichathinu sesham addeham veendum yuu. esilekku thiranjedukkappettu.ezz. senatt, avide addeham american aikyanaadukalude thakarcha thadayunnathinaayi adimatha vishayathil vittuveezhcha abhyarthichu. kadutha pakshapaatham vighadanathinte bheeshani vardhippichathode, krittandan ellah paarttikalil ninnum mithavaadikale thedukayum 1860 leeii thiranjeduppil party president naamanirddesham nirasichenkilum bharanaghadanaa union party roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. 1860 desemberil addeham krittandan othutheerppu, aabhyantharayudham ozhivaakkumenn pratheekshicha prameyangaludeyum bharanaghadanaa bhedagathikaludeyum oru parambara rachichu, pakshe kongras avaa amgeekarikkilla.
1861ll american aikyanaadukalile prathinidhi sabhayilekku thiranjedukkappetta krittandan unione pinthunachu. ennirunnaalum, president ebraham linkaninteyum yuu. eiii. iii. yudeyum pala nayangaleyum addeham vimarshichu.ezz. vimochana prakhyapanavum vestt virjeenia unionilekku praveshippikkunnathum ulppedeyulla kongras.
krittandante puthranmaaril oralaaya jorjju bii. krittandan, konfedarettu aarmiyil oru generalayi. mattoru makanaaya thomas leonidas krittandan union aarmiyil generalayi.
krittandan adhikaarathilirunna kaalathudaneelam samsthaanangalude anuranjanathinaayi pravartthikkunnathu thudarnnu. 1863ll addeham sabhayilekkulla veendum thiranjeduppinulla thante sthaanaarthithvam prakhyaapichenkilum thiranjeduppu nadakkunnathinu munbu addeham marichu.
adyakaalavum kudumbajeevithavum.
1787 septambar 10 nuu kentakkiyile versailinaduthaanu krittandan janichathu. viplavakarikalaaya muthirnna yudhaveeranaaya mejar joonn krittandanteyum bhaarya judith haarisinteyum randaamathe kuttiyum aadya makanumaayirunnu addeham. joninum judith krittandanum naalu aanmakkalum anchu penmakkalum undaayirunnu, avaril oraal ozhike ellaavarum shaishavaavasthayil ninnu athijeevichu. pithaavinte bhaagath addeham velsh vamshajanaanenkil ammayude kudumbam franch hyuganottaayirunnu. addehathinte pithaav jorjju rogezhs clarkinoppam kentakkiyile bhoomi sarway cheyyukayum american viplavam avasaanichathinu thottupinnaale avide sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu. krittandante rund sahodaranmaraaya thomas robert abhibhashakaraayi, moonnaamathe henry oru karshakanaayirunnu.
woodford kaundiyile pisga academyil krittandan oru koleju thayyaareduppu paatyapadhathi aarambhichu. thudarnnu addehathe jessamine kaundiyile oru boarding schoolilekku ayachu. thomas alexander marshell, francis pii. ennivar addehathinte sahapaadikalil ulppedunnu. mlanan. krittandan blairumaayi prathyekichu adutha suhruthukkalaayi maari, pinneedu rashtreeya abhiprayavyathyaasangal avarude souhrudathe kuraykkaan kaaryamayilla. boarding schoolil oru varshathinusesham, krittandan jadji jorjju emm. jorjinte vasathiyaya kentakkiyile lexingtonilekk maari. bib niyamam padikkaan. virjeeniyayile lexingtonilulla washington collegil (ippol washington aandu liie yooniversitti) addeham kooduthal unnatha patanam aarambhichu. avide thante hraswakaala bharanakaalathu addeham ganithavum bellus-lettarukalum padikkukayum hyoog losan vaittumayi sauhrudam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. washington kolejile paatyapadhathiyil athrupthi prakadippicha krittandan vilyamsbargilekku maarukayum vilyam aandu merii kolejilekku maarukayum cheythu. addeham sent. jorjju tucker bhaavi president joonn tailarumaayi parichayapettu.
1811 meyy meyy krittandan saara oye vivaham kazhichu. vezhsaayile avalude veettil. liie bhaaviyile yuu yude cussin aayirunnu.ezz. president sackery taylor yuu. yude ammayiyum.ezz. senattar wilkinson vilikkunnu. 1824 septambar pakuthiyode saara marikkunnathin munbu avarkk ezhu kuttikalundaayirunnu. avarude makkalil konfedarettu mejar general jorjju krittandan, union general thomas leonidas krittandan ennivarum ulppedunnu. avarude makal saali liie "maria" krittandan joonn sii. yude ammayaayirunnu. yuu. esile oru rear admiral aaya vaatsan.ezz. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil naavikasena. avarude makal aan merii buttler krittandan colman 1864-ll "life aandu lettezhs oof joonn jeey." enna pusthakam prasidheekarichu. avalude pithaavinte jeevithacharitram".
currier.
1806-ll patanam poortthiyaakkiya krittandane adutha varsham baaril praveshippichu. addeham woodford kaundiyil practies aarambhichuvenkilum central kentakkiykku ithinakam thanne kazhivulla abhibhaashakar undennu kandethi. krittandan pinneedu annathe padinjaaran athirthiyile kentakkiyile logan kaundiyilekku maarukayum russelvilleyil thante pariseelanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. irupathirandaam vayassil addeham ohiyo nadikku kuruke illinois pradeshathekku thamasam maarukayum govarnor niniyan edwards addehathe athinte attorni generalayi niyamikkukayum cheythu. adutha varsham, edwards thante sahayiyaaya dii-campineyum crittendend cheythu.
kentakkiyilekku madangiyethiyappol niyamaparamaaya parisheelanathinu purame, krittandan thottangalum adimakaludeyum udamasthathayilaayirunnu. 1830-ll addehathinte kudumbatthil 12 swatantra vellakkarum 6 adimakalum ulppettirunnu. 1850ll krittandan 44 adimakale (16 vayassinu mukalilulla 11 sthreekal, 7 purushanmaar, 13 aankuttikal, 13 penkuttikal) swanthamaakki. 1860-ll, thante praayapoorthiyaaya kuttikalkk kurachu swath vitharanam cheytha sesham, krittandan patthu adimakalude udamasthathayilaayirunnu, ellaavarum mulattokal (60,25,21,18,16 vayass praayamulla sthreekal, 28,16,14,10,1 vayass praayamulla purushanmaar).
aadyakaala rashtreeya jeevitam.
1811 muthal 1817 vare kentakki house oof representativesilaanu krittandante audyogikajeevitham aarambhichath. 1811 leeii niyamanirmmaana sammelanathinu sesham indiakkaarkkethiraaya oru paryaveshanatthil general saamuval hoppinsinte sahayiyaayi addeham sannadhapravarthanam nadatthi. 1812-leeii yuddham pottippurappettappol kentakki govarnor chaals scott addehathe aadyathe kentakki milishyayude sahayiyaayi niyamichu. 1813-ll kaanadayile tamas yudhathil sevanamanushticha addeham govarnor isak shelbyude sahayiyaayi. yudhathethudarnnu, thante utharavukal paalikkunnathile vishwasthathaykku govarnor addehathinu prathyeka prashamsa purappeduvichu. thudarnnu addeham russelvilleyil thante niyama practies punaraarambhichu.
1814-ll govarnor shelby yuu niraykkaan krittandane niyamichu.ezz. addehathinte muun adhyapakanaaya jorjju emm. sii. sii. sii. tii. ozhinjathu. bib; ennirunnaalum, krittandanu irupathiyezhu vayass maathrame praayamullu ennum moonnu varsham nanam keduthunnuvennum pinneedu shelby manassilakki. athinaal addeham kentakki housile thante seettilekku madangi, avide addeham joonn rovente pakaram speakeraayi thiranjedukkappettu. 1815 muthal 1817 vare addeham eee sthaanam nilanirtthi.
speaker enna nilayil krittandan niyamanirmmaanasabhayile prathyekichum prakshubdhamaaya oru samayat adhyakshatha vahichu. 1816 octoberil aduthide thiranjedukkappetta govarnor jorjju maadisan antharichu. addehathinte pingamiyaayi lafttanant govarnor gabriel vadikkappettu. aravu udan thanne angeyattam janapreethiyillaatha rund niyamanangal nadathukayum pala kentakkiyanmaarudeyum preethi pettennu nashtappedukayum cheythu. joonn sii. yude neethrthwathilulla oru koottam niyamasabhaamgangal. oru puthiya govarnarative thiranjeduppu nadakkukayum yogyathayulla oru pingami thiranjedukkukayum cheiyunnathuvare lefttanant govarnor govarnoraayi pravartthikkumennu maathrame kentakki bharanaghadana nalkiyittulloovennu breakinridge choondikkaatti. vadham "acting govarnor" maathramaanennu avar avakashappettu. puthiya thiranjeduppinu ahvaanam cheiyunna oru bill samgham sabhayil avatharippichu. bill paraajayappettenkilum krittandan athine pinthunachu.
oru puthiya thiranjeduppinulla krittandante pinthuna janakeeyavum raashtreeyamaayi prayojanakaravumaayirunnu. yuu. eiii. eppol?ezz. martin dii. yude senatt kaalavadhi. aravusamghathinte janapreethiyillaatha naamanirddeshil oralaaya hardin 1817ll kaalaharanappettathode kenrakki general assembly eee ozhivukal nikathaan krittandane thiranjedutthu. samithiyile ettavum praayam kuranja amgamaayirunnengilum, puthuthayi roopeekaricha judiciary kammittiyude randaamathe chairmaanaayi addeham sevanamanushtichu. naavikakaarya samithiyilum addeham amgamaayirunnu. amgamaayirunnu raajyadroha niyamaprakaaram pizha chumathiya vyakthikalkk prathiphalam nalkunnathinum nashtapariharam nalkunnathinumulla niyamanirmmanam addeham thante bharanakaalathu avatharippichu. ennirunnaalum, samsthaana raashtreeyam kooduthal rasakaramaanennu addeham kandethi, eee vasthuthayum moonnaamatheyum naalaamatheyum kuttikalude jananathode undaaya vardhicha saambathika utharavaadithangalum 1819 march 3 nuu thante seett rajivaykkaanulla theerumaanathe prerippichu.
niyamanirmmaana idakkaala.
kongras vittathinushesham, kooduthal niyamaparamaaya idapaadukaare akarshikkunnathinum samsthaanathinte rashtreeya pravartthanatthinte kendravumaayi kooduthal aduthu nilkkunnathinum krittandan samsthaana thalasthaanamaaya frankfortilekku maari. frankfortilekku marria sesham addehathinte kakshikalil muun prasidantumaar maadisan aandu moonroo, bhaavi vais president richard mentar jonson, bhaavi gavarnarmaraya jaims tii. morehead, joonn breethitt, roobert pii. lettar. eee kaalayalavil, roobert sii. yude makan chaals wickliffine prathirodhikkunnathil addeham henry kleymumaayi sahakarichu. wickliff. kentakki gasattinte edittare kolappeduthiyathinu wicklifinethire kuttam chumatthi. kolapathakam svayam prathirodhamaanennu krittandan vaadichu, kalimannu aaveshakaramaaya samapana vaadam nadatthi. cases samarppichu minittukalkk sesham juurii "kuttakkaaranalla" enna vidhi thirike nalki.
1820 januvariyil, tennessiumaayulla kentakkiyude athirthi tharkkam pariharikkan sahaayikkunnathin krittandan, joonn rowan ennivare thiranjedutthu. athirthi 36 digri, 30 minitt vadakke akshaamshathil kadannupokanamaayirunnu, ennaal thomas wacker athu sarway cheythappol thekk bhaagathekku rekha thettayi adayaalappeduthi. comberland parvathanirakalil ninnu tennessi nadhi vareyulla athirthiyil "wacker line" thudarumennum tennessi nadiyude padinjaaru pishak nikathumennum allengil athirthi 36 digri, 30 minittil punasajjamaakkanamennum krittandanum roven nirddeshichu. tennessi kammeeshanarmaar rund nirddeshangalum nirasikkukayum pakaram tennessi nadiyude kizhakk bhaagathulla wacker line athinu padinjaaru kooduthal thekk bhaagathulla line sweekarikkanamennum, nilavilulla bhoomi graantukale maanikkunnathinaayi samsthaanangal thammilulla paraspara karaarukalode aavasyappedukayum cheythu. krittandan eee vaagdaanam sweekarikkaan chaayvullavanaayirunnu, pakshe rowan angane cheythilla. kentakki kammeeshanarmaar vishayam vyavahaarathin samarppikkanamenn nirddeshichenkilum tennessi nirasichu. general assemblic nalkia reportil, kentakki tennessi nirddesham amgeekarikkanamennu krittandan shupaarsha cheythu. krittandante report niyamanirmmaathaakkale swaadheenikkukayum 1820 februvari 2 nuu karar artikkilukal oppidukayum cheythu.
1823-ll transylvania sarvakalaashaalayude board oof trasttikalilekku krittandan thiranjedukkappettu, orupakshe henry kleyude lobying kaaranam. oru varshathinusesham, sarvakalaashaalayile adhyapakar addehathinu oonarari doctor oof loss nalki aadarichu. frankfortile kentakki seminariyude trasttiyaayum abhibhashakanaayum krittandan sevanamanushtichu. sevanamanushtichu president thiranjeduppil kalimannu tharkkathil ninnu illaathaakkunnathuvare kalimannine pinthunaykkaan krittandan thante swaadheenam upayogichu. joonn kwinsey adams thiranjedukkappettaal kaliman sekrattariyaakumenn ariyunnathuvare addeham andrew jaxonine pinthunachu. azhimathi niranja vilapeshal" nadathumenna aadaaminte vaagdaanathe vimarshakar visheshippichuvenkilum athu aadaaminte thiranjeduppinu kaaranamaayi. stettu sekrattariyaayi niyamikkappettappol, yunaittad stetsile randaamathe baankinte kentakkiyile cheef kaunsilaraayi krittandane shupaarsha cheyyaan clay thayyarayirunnu, pakshe pakaram oru udyogasthane niyamikkaruthenn baank theerumaanichu.
pazhaya kodathi-puthiya kodathi vivaadam.
pazhaya kodathi-puthiya kodathi vivaadam crittendane pothusevanathilekku thirike konduvannu. samsthaanathe kadakkaarkk aashvaasam nalkukayenna lakshyathode niyamanirmmanam kentakki appeel kodathi raddaakkiyappol, pothusabhayile niyamanirmmaanathe pinthunaykkunnavar kodathi nirthalaakkukayum oru puthiya kodathi srishtikkukayum cheiyunna oru bill pasaki, athil avar anubhaavamulla jadjimaare shekharichu. niyamasabhayude nadapadi bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennum oru kaalathekku rund kodathikalum samsthaanathe avasaanathe resort kodathiyaayi adikaaram avakashappettuvennum niyamanirmmaanathe ethirkkunnavar abhiprayappettu. 1820ll komanvelthu roopeekarichathumuthal puthiya kodathi pinthunayulla baankinte presidentaayi addeham sevanamanushtichittundi, 1825 eprilil pazhaya kodathi pinthunakkaarumaayi krittandan parasyamaayi svayam parichayapettu. 1825 leeii niyamasabha thiranjeduppil, suhruthukkal krittandane samsthaana prathinidhi sabhayilekku thiranjedukkaan vilichu. puthiya kodathiyude kottayaaya franklin kaundikku anuvadicha rund seettukalil onnu nedaan mathiyaya bahumanam nediya oreyoru pazhaya kodathi pinthunakkaaran addehamaanennu palarum vishwasichu. krittandan malsarikkaan sammathichappol, puthiya kodathi anuyaayikal samsthaanathinte attorni general solomon pii. yeei naamanirddesham cheythu. sharp levis saandezhsum, oru pramukha abhibhashakanaanu. krittandan, sharp ennivar rund seettukalilekku thiranjedukkappettu.
1825 november 7 nuu athiraavile niyamasabhayude yogam cheraanirunna athe prabhaathatthil thanne moorchayullavar vadikkappettu. pazhaya kodathi pravarthakaraanu kolapaathakathinu prerippichathennu aaropikkapettu. shaarppinte kolapaathakatthe apalapikkunna prameyam avatharippikkukayum kolayaliye pidikoodunnathinu 3,000 dollar vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythukondu krittandan eee kuttangal moorchayeriyathaakkaan shramichu. kolayali jerebom oo. beauchambine arast cheythu, kolapaathakatthinte kaaranam vyakthiparamaanennum rashtreeyamallennum vyakthamaayi. (thaan munbu thante pithavaaya kutty avakashappedaan visammathicha byoochaambinte bhaarya avane moorchayullavanaayi kollanamenna vyavasthayil vivaham kazhichirunnu.) ithokkeyaanengilum, eee kesil oru vidhathilulla prathyaaghaathavum ozhivakkaan aagrahichathinaal thante kolapathaka vichaaranayile beauchambine prathinideekarikkaanulla abhyarthana krittandan nirasichu.
kodathi vivaadam niyamasabhaasammelanathe keezhadakki. puthiya kodathi nirthalaakkaanulla oru nadapadi pasakkunnathil krittandan sabhayile pazhaya kodathi bhooripakshathodoppam chernnu. ennirunnaalum, lefttanant govarnor roobert bii. yude tye breaking vottil senattil bill parajayappettu. emm. kaphe. krittandan pinneedu samgharsham pariharikkunnathin aarr peradangunna oru samithiyil sevanamanushtichenkilum falamundaayilla. rund kodathikalil ninnum ellah jadjimaarum raajivaykkunna oru pariharam sweekarikkaan addeham thayyarayilla, pazhaya kodathiyum puthiya kodathi anuyaayikalum thulyamaayi ulkkollunna oru punasamghadippicha kodathiye govarnor niyamikkum. eee sthaanathinu muun thiranjeduppil addehathinu vottu cheytha chila puthiya kodathi pakshapaathikalude pinthuna addehathinu nashtamaayi, 1826-ll addehathe sabhayilekku thirike konduvannilla. aathyanthikamayi, pazhaya kodathi pakshapaathikal niyamanirmmaanasabhayude irusabhakaludeyum niyanthranam nedukayum 1826 desemberil puthiya kodathi shaashvathamaayi nirthalaakkukayum cheythu.
1826 november november krittandan jadji haari innasinte makalaaya vidhavayaya maria nox todine vivaham kazhichu. krittandan kunjinte moonnu kuttikale svanthamaayi edukkukayum dambathikalkku joonn, yujeen ennee rund kuttikal koodi janikkukayum cheythu. kunjinte makal catherine thante randaanachanaaya krittandante makan thomasine vivaham kazhichu; avarude makan joonn jordan krittandan moonnaaman littil bighon yudhathil kollappettu. maria nox tooad krittandan 1851 septambar 8 nuu anjjaathamaaya oru rogam moolam marichu.
deseeya republicanmaarumaayulla bandham.
pazhaya kodathi-puthiya kodathi vivaadathinte falamaayi kentakkiyude raashtreeyakkaar janaadhipathyavaadikalum deseeya republicanmaarum thammil bhinnichu. henry kleyumaayulla krittandante sakhyavum addehathinte vyakthiparamaaya rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukalum addehathe deseeya republican partyil othukki. krittandante presidential sthaanaarthithvathinulla pinthuna kaaranam, 1827ll president adams addehathe kentakki jillaykkayi yunaittad stetts distrikt attorniyayi niyamichu. 1828ll, kentakkiyan roobert trimplinu pakaram supreme kodathiyude associate justisaayi adams addehathe naamanirddesham cheythu, ennaal senattile jaaksan anuyaayikal addehathe sthireekarikkaan visammathichu. 1828 leeii president thiranjeduppil jaaksan aadamsine paraajayappedutthiyappol, kalimannumaayulla bandhavum jaaksante saambathika nayangalodulla ethirppum kaaranam krittandane jilla abhibhaashaka sthaanathu ninnu addeham neekki.
neekki thiranjeduppil addehathe gavarnarilekkulla deseeya republican sthaanaarthiyaakkaan krittandan anukoolikal shramichu. addehathinte naamanirddesham urappaayirunnuvenkilum, samsthaanathu janapreeti nashtappedunna kalimannumaayulla bandham thante partic thiranjeduppil nashtamaakumenn bhayann krittandan avasaram nirasichu. pakaram, janaadhipathyavaadiyaaya vilyam tii. yeei marikadannu valare adutha thiranjeduppu nadatthiya thomas metkaafinu addeham pinthuna nalki. baari. pakaram kentakki hausil mattoru padam abhyarthicha krittandanu veendum seett nishedhichu.
1829ll oru prathyeka thiranjeduppiloode krittandan kentakki housilekku thiranjedukkappettu. thante muzhuvan kaalaavadhiyilum addeham sabhayude speakeraayi sevanamanushtichu. 1830-ll senattil joonn rovaninu pakaram wig nominiyaayi addeham thiranjedukkappettu. rahasyamaayi, henry kalimannine naamanirddesham cheyyaan party aagrahichu, mattoru presidential pracharanam aarambhikkunnathin addehathinu oru springboard nalki, pakshe sthireekaranathinu mathiyaya vottukal nedaan addehathinu kazhiyumo ennu ariyilla; krittandan sthaanaarthiyaakumennu theerumaanikkappettu, vottu mathiyaya valia vyathyaasathil viggukale anukoolikkukayaanenkil, krittandan pinmaarukayum pakaram kalimannu sthireekarikkaan avare anuvadikkukayum cheyyum. richard maargadarshakanaaya jonson, joonn rowan, chaals eiii ennivarumaayi janaadhipathyavaadikal thudarchayaayi ethirthu. wickliff joonn breethittum. sthireekaranathinu aavashyamaaya arupathombathu vottukalil arupathinaalil kooduthal avaril arcum labhichilla. pathinaalu vyathyastha baalattukalil krittandan arupathiyettu vottukal nediyengilum kalimannu sthaanaarthiyaakaan aagrahichathinaal addeham svayam vottucheyyaan visammathichu. ennirunnaalum, krittandante chila anuyaayikal kalimanninu vottu cheyyaan visammathikkukayum seett ozhinjukidakkukayum cheythu.
adutha varsham, prathinidhi sabhayude vyakthamaaya bhooripaksham ooppan senatt seettinaayi vaadikkumennu prathinjja cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kaliman sakhyakakshikal pinmaranum kalimannine wig nominiyaayi anuvadikkaanum krittandante mail sammarddam chelutthi. krittandan nirbandhithanaayi, richard emm nekkaal ombathu vottukalkku kalimannu thiranjedukkappettu. jonson. richard aylot bucknerude parajayappetta govarnoral prachaaranavum 1832 leeii president thiranjeduppil kentakkiye vijayikkaan kalimannine sahayikkunnathinulla prachaaranavum krittandan kaikaaryam cheythu. 1832-ll kleyude paraajayathinu sesham, addeham thante senatt seett rajivaykkaanum krittandane thante pingamiyaayi anuvadikkaanum vaagdaanam cheythenkilum krittandan aaa vaagdaanam nirasichu. aaa varsham thanne krittandan pothusabhayil ninnu viramichu.
viggukalumaayi bandham.
1834ll pravarthanarahithamaaya naashanal republican party avashishtangalil ninnu wig party samghadippikkunnathil krittandan sajeevamaayirunnu. 1834 juulai juulai frankfortinte praanthapradeshathulla cove springle party samsthaanathe aadyathe samghadanaa yogathinu utharavidunnathinaayi addeham vilichu. prameyangalkkaayulla samithiyude chairmaanaayi thiranjedukkappetta addeham juulai 5 nuu nadatthiya prasamgatthil president jaxone rookshamaayi apalapichu. pinneedu 1834ll kentakki govarnor jaims tii. moreheadine krittandan stettu sekrattariyaayi niyamichu. aagast thiranjeduppil, wiggs pothusabhayude irusabhakalilum bhooripaksham nedi. niyamasabha koodiyappol avar yuu. esilekku thiranjedukkappettu.ezz. senatt janaadhipathyavaadiyaaya jaims gutriye 94-40 enna vottinaal marikadannu.
senattil sthaanam ettedutha udan thanne, krittandane pothu bhoomikalekkurichulla samithiyilum judiciary samithiyilum ulppeduthi, orupakshe kalimanninte swaadheenam kaaranam. thante bharanakaalatthinte thudakkathil, krittandan senattar thomas echu. neey shakthamayi ethirthu. federal bajatt micham pothu bhoomi ettedukkunnathinum kizhakkan kadaltheerathe sainika kottakalkkum chelavazhikkanulla bentante nirddesham. sarkkar bhoomikk ellah panavum swarnnathilo velliyilo nalkanamennu aavashyappedunna prathyeka sarkkular purappeduvichathinu addeham jaaksan bharanakoodatthe vimarshichu. sarkkularinte thathwangal senatt floril oru prameyathil avatharippichirunnuvena valia bhooripakshathodeyaanu avatharippichathenn addeham choondikkaatti. prameyam samarppichath senattinte apalapanamennu krittandan vaadichu, ennittum bharanakoodam maasangalkk sesham sarkkular purappeduvichu, krittandan kandathupole, executive branchinte adhikaarathinte athirukal marikadannu. krittandan eee vishayam senattar bentanumaayi deerghamaayi charcha cheyyukayum aathyanthikamayi kongras sarkkar bhoomi vaangunnathin prathyeka panam nalkunna baankukalude nottukal sweekarikkanamennu aavashyappedunna oru bill pasakkukayum cheythu, ennaal athu niyamamaakaathirikkaan president jaaksan thante pokkatt veetto upayogichu.
thante bharanakaalathu, jaxoninteyum pingamiyaaya martin vaan byooranteyum thuranna vimarsakanaayi krittandan thudarnnu. pothubhoomikal samsthaanangalkkidayil vilkkunnathiloode labhikkuna varumanam samsthaanangalkkidayil vitharanam cheyyaanulla henry kleyude padhathiye addeham pinthunachu, koodaathe bharanakoodatthinte pinthunayulla randaam seminol yudhathe athirkkunnathil kalimanninoppam chernnu. addeham pinthunacha churukkam chila bharana nirddeshangalilonnu puthiya republic oof teksaasinte amgeekaaramaayirunnu. senattile krittandante sevanathinte eee kaalayalavil adimatham enna prashnam praadhaanyathilekku uyarnnu. raashtreeyathil ninnu athine poornnamaayum akattinirthaan sramichukondu krittandan eee vishayathil mithavaadiyaayi kanakkakkappettu. 1836ll washingtonile adimatham nirthalaakkanamennu kwekermar nalkia harjikale addeham ethirthu.sii.ennaal joonn sii polulla adimatha anukoola nadapadikaleyum addeham ethirthu. thekkan samsthaanangalil vimochanavaada saahityam tapal vazhi vitharanam cheiyunnathu nirodhikkanulla kaalhouninte nirddesham.
addehathinte saadhaarana anuranjana swabhaavathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, krittandan kongras amgangalaaya jonathan silly vilyam jeey. yum thammilulla abhipraayavyathyaasathilka akarshikkappettu. oru yudhathil avasaanicha shavakudeerangal. veedinte tharayil, wig pathradhipar jaims vaatsan webinte samagrathaye siilii aakramichirunnu. thante suhruthaaya kongrassukaarante shavakudeerangaliloode siilii nadatthiya paraamarshangal pinvalikkanamenn webb aavasyappettu. kallarakalil ninnu ashayavinimayam sweekarikkaan siilii visammathichappol, webinte bahumaanathe siilii chodyam cheiyunnuvennu kallarakal aaropikkukayum addehathe oru yudhathinu velluvilikkukayum cheythu. kentakki kongras amgam richard menifi, virgenia kongras amgam richard vais ennivarodoppam shavakudeerangal, yudhathil shavakudeerangalkk randaamanaayi pravartthikkaan krittandanodu aavasyappettu; krittandan thudakkathil prathishedhichenkilum oduvil sammathichu. rund poraalikaludeyum rund paraajayangalkk sesham, moonnaamathe kaimaattatthil siilii kollappettu. shavakudeerangal puratthaakkaanum mattu pankaalikale (sabhayude vimarsanathinu vidheyamallaatha senattar krittandan ozhike) apalapikkanum sabha nirddeshichu. puratthaakkalinteyum nindayudeyum prameyangal oduvil avatharippikkappettu, ennaal parokshamaaya oru nindayaayi thaan kanakkaakkiyathinte kuduthal vyakthiparamayi anubhavappedukayum pinneedu thante pravarthanangalil khedikkukayum cheythu.
haarisan aandu tailar administrations.
administrations president thiranjeduppil, henry kleyude naamanirddeshathe pinthunaykkaan kentakki vigsine krittandan veendum prothsaahippichu. party 1839 leeii kanvenshanile votteduppinide, sthaanaarthikal kalimannu, general winfield scott ennivar newyork nagaratthile aasttar house hotelil krittandan, wig raashtreeyakkaaranaaya jorj ivaansumaayi cardukal kalichu. vilyam henry haarisante vijayathekkurich samghathinu vivaram labhichappol, kalimannu thante tholvi skottine kuttappedutthi, landiyude leyne yudhathil skottinte pankaalitthatthil parikketta tholil adichu. pinneedu hotel muriyil ninnu kalimannu neekkam cheyyendivannu. scott pinneedu krittandane oru dvamdvayudhathinaayi skottinte velluviliyumaayi kalimannilekku ayachu, ennaal krittandan kalimannine mapp parayaan bodhyappedutthi avare anurajanam cheythu.
kalimannu naamanirddesham nashtappettathinusesham krittandan haarisane pinthunachu. haarisante manthrisabhayile oru sthaanathekku krittandan thiranjedukkappedumennu parakke pratheekshichirunnuvena 1840-ll addeham senattilekku veendum thiranjedukkappettu. addehathinu thante sthaanangal thiranjedukkaan avasaram nalkukayum attorni generaline thiranjedukkukayum cheythu. eee sthaanam ettedukkunnathinaayi addeham thante senatt seett raajivachu.
attorni general enna nilayil krittandan sradheyamaaya oru abhiprayam maathramaan purappeduvichathu. 1818ll florida pradeshamaayi maarunna andrew jaaksan nadatthiya adhiniveshathil swathinu kedupaadukal sambhavicha oru vyakthiyaan eee kesile vaadi. 1841ll cases ippozhum vidhiprasthaavathilaayirunu. oru florida kodathi vaadiye anukoolichu, nashtapariharam nalkaanum naashanashtangal sambhavicha kaalam muthal addehathinte avakaashavaadathinu palisha nalkaanum federal sarkkarinodu utharavittu. palisha nalkaan kodathikku adhikaaramundo ennum athu nalkano vendayo ennum treasury sekrattari thomas eving krittandanodu chodichu. athu cheythillennum eving palisha nalkiyillennum krittandan abhiprayappettu. bhaaviyile attorni general samanamaaya kesukalil krittandante abhiprayam oru mungamiyaayi upayogichu.
haarisan niyamichu oraazhchaykk sesham, kaanadayile oru kalaapathe adichamarthaan sramikkunna oru koottam canadian milishya steamboat "carolin" mungiyathinecholli grettu brittanumaayulla samgharshangalkku madhyasthatha vahikkaan krittandane newyork nagaratthilekku ayachu. eee nayatantra shramathil, krittandan attorni general enna nilayil thante audyogika chumathalakalil ninnu verittunilkkukayaayirunnu. newyork govarnor vilyam echu. newyorkkil oru kuttatthinu shikshikkappettaal "carolin" pidichedutthu kathicha alexander mcleodine mapp nalkaamennu seward vaagdaanam nalki. oduvil macleod kuttavimukthanaayi.
carolin" bandham avasaanichathinu thottupinnaale, president haarisan marikkukayum vais president joonn tailar presidensiyilekku kayarukayum cheythu. wig ajanda nischayikkaanulla kalimanninte shramangale tailar ethirkkukayum krittandante upadeshathinethire rund baank billukal veetto cheyyukayum cheythu. parambaraagatha wig ajandayil ninnu tailar vyathichalichathil prathishedhichu tailarude manthrisabhayile mattu viggukalum-daniel webstar ozhike-raaji vachu. krittandante raaji 1841 septambar 11 muthal praabalyatthil vannu. rashtreeya padaviyum valare kurachu panavum illaathe addeham kentakkiyilekku madangi. woodford kaundiyile oru koottam suhruthukkal addehathinte balyakaala veedu vaangi kentakkiyilekku madangiyethiyappol sammaanamaayi nalki.
1842ll american aikyanaadukalile senattilekku krittandane niyamichu, kalimanninte raaji moolamundaaya ozhivukal nikatthi. 1843 januvariyil richard maargadarshakanaaya johnsone marikadannu addeham muzhuvan samayathekku thiranjedukkappettu. president tilerumaayulla vigsinte kalahangal thadassamillaathe thudarnnu, chilar addehathe impeach cheiyunnathinekkurichu polum samsaarichu, pakshe crittenden aaa nadapadiye apalapichu. 27, 28 kongrasukalil addeham sainikakaarya samithiyil sevanamanushtichu. mithamaaya samrakshana thaarifukaludeyum federal aabhyanthara mechappeduthalukalude vakthavaayirunnu addeham. samsthaanangalkku vibhajanam upekshikkaanulla oopshan nalkunnathine addeham ethirthu, ithu avarude kongras amgangale mothatthil thiranjedukkaan anuvadikkum.
polk administration.
1844-ll krittandan veendum kalimanninte presidential shramathe pinthunachu. wig naamanirddeshathinu mathramalla, pothutheranjeduppil vijayikkunathinum kalimannu vyaapakamaayi priyappettathayi kanakkakkappettu. parambaraagatha prachaarana vishayangalonnum-tailarude "executive pidichedukkal", joonn kwinsey aadamsumayulla kalimanninte "azhimathi niranja vilapeshal", allengil samrakshana tarif-vottarmaare aaveshabharitharaakkunnathaayi thonniyilla. ennirunnaalum, texas pidichadakkunna prashnam muzhuvan prachaaranatheyum maatti. wig nominating kanvenshanu thottumunbu kalimannu thekk oru paryadanam nadathukayum raajyathinte aaa bhaagath kootticherkkaline anukoolikkunna vikaaram washington dii. yill anumaanichathupole shakthamallenn nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu.sii. eee vishwaasathinte adisthaanathil pravartthikkukayum krittandante upadeshathinu virudhamaayi, athu "deseeya budhijeeviyil" prasidheekarikkanamennu aavasyappettu krittandanu oru kathu ayakkukayum cheythu.
kootticherkkaline shakthamayi ethirtha martin vaan byoorane janaadhipathyavaadikal veendum naamanirddesham cheiyumennu clay vishwasichu, ithu kootticherkkal prachaaranatthil oru prashnamaayi maarunnathil ninnu thadayukayum cheyyum. oraazhchaykk sesham baltimoril nadanna wig kanvenshanil kalimannine prashamsichukondu naamanirddesham cheythu. ennirunnaalum, oru maasathinushesham nadanna demookratik nominating kanvenshanil, vaan beuranu thante party naamanirddesham nedaan kazhinjilla, pakaram demokraattukal jaims keey. yeei naamanirddesham cheythu. kootticherkkaline shakthamayi anukoolicha polkku. kootticherkkalinekkur thante kaazhchappaadukal mithamakkaan clay shramichu, ennaal addehathinte nilapad maattunnath oru madhyabhagam kandethaan shramichappol prashnatthinte iruvashathumulla pinthunakkaaril ninnum ethirppu nedi. polkku adutha malsarathode thiranjeduppil vijayichu. ithu avasaanamaayaanu kalimannu presidentaayi naamanirddesham cheyyappedunnathu, kalimanninte paraajayathetthudarnnu krittandanaanu thangalude party puthiya nethaavennu pala viggukalum vishwasichu.
1845ll grettu brittanumaayulla origon pradeshatthinte samyuktha adhinivesham avasaanippikkunnathilekku chodyam senatt etteduthu. mishiganil ninnulla senattaraaya levis kaas samyuktha adhinivesha karar udan avasaanippikkunnathine pinthunaykkukayum eee vishayathil britteeshukaarumaayi yuddham anivaaryamaanennu nilanirthukayum cheythu. krittandan viyojikkukayum nayatantra prameyathinu samayam anuvadikkunnathinaayi pradeshatthinte samyuktha adhinivesham avasaanippikkunnathin munbu brittanu rund varshathe notice nalkanamennu nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. aathyanthikamayi, krittandante nilapad nilanilkkukayum brittanumaayi oru vittuveezhcha nadathukayum cheythu, ithu 49-aamm samanthara vadakku iru raajyangaludeyum avakaashavaadangal thammilulla vibhajanarekha sthaapichu.
1846ll teksaasinte niyanthranam nedaanulla shramathil america meksikkan-american yudhathil praveshichu. krittandan yudhathe pinthunachilla, yuddham prakhyaapichathinushesham, kammeeshanarmaar yuu. esine anugamikkanamenn addeham nirbandhichu.ezz. sainyavum ellah avasarangalilum samadhaanam sthaapikkaan shramikkunnu. yudhathiludaneelam addeham janaralmaraya sackery taylorumaayum winfield skottumaayum pathivayi kathidapaadukal nadathiyirunnu. krittandante puthranmaraaya jorj thomas yudhathil sevanamanushtichu; thomas krittandan skottinte staafil sevanamanushtichu. yuddham avasaanippikkunnathin amgeekarikkenda samadhana nibandhanakalekkurichu president polkku krittandanodu koodiyaalochichu. samadhana nibandhanakalil americaykku "nyayamaaya avakaashavaadam" illaatha pradesham ettedukkunnathu ulppedutharuthennu crittendan vaadichu, ennaal 1848 ll kongrasinu samarppicha gwadaloope hidalgo udambadi mexicoyode texacinode mathramalla, nyoo meksikoo, california, athinidayilulla ellah pradeshangalum ennivayodum avakaashavaadam upekshikkaan aavasyappettu. udambadi amgeekarikkunnathinum puthuthayi ettedutha pradeshathu adimatham nirodhikkumaayirunna wilmot vyavasthaye paraajayappeduthunnathinum kurachu viggukal kongrasile janaadhipathya bhooripakshathil chernnu.
nadatthiyilla thiranjeduppil president sthaanathekku malsarikkaan suhruthukkal krittandane prothsaahippichu. 1846ll thanne oru naashville pathram addehathinu pinthuna prakhyaapichu. rooad dveepil ninnulla oru janaadhipathya senattar abhipraayappettath swantham party pinthunaykku purame ganyamaaya ennam janaadhipathyavaadikalil ninnu krittandanu pinthuna nedaanaakumennu. jorj bii. 1847ll kentakki general assembly krittandane presidentaayi naamanirddesham cheyyanamennu kinked aagrahichu. eee neekkangalonnum krittandane swaadheenichilla. "svarggathinuvendi prasidansiyekkurichu ennodu samsaarikkaruth", oru aadyakaala vaagdaanam nirasichukondu addeham paranju. krittandan veendum thanne pinthunaykkumennu clay pratheekshichu, pakshe krittandan kalimannu inii oru praayogika sthaanaarthiyallennu nigamanam cheyyukayum kentukkiyan sachari tailorinu pinnil thante pinthuna nalkukayum cheythu. eee theerumaanam rund suhruthukkalkkidayil villal srishtichu, varshangalkk sesham addehathinte maranasayyayil kalimannu kidakkunnathuvare avar anurajanam nadatthiyilla.
nadatthiyilla prachaaranangal.
wig party kentakkiyilum vibhajikkapettu, kalimannum taylor thammil mathramalla, govarnoral sthaanaarthikalkkidayil. vilyam jeey. representative syllic nere maarakamaayi vedivachathinushesham raashtreeyathil ninnu purathaaya shavakudeerangalkk sitting wig govarnor vilyam oosliyude pinthunayundaayirunnu, athesamayam archibald dixon muun wig govarnor roobert pii. yude pinthuna nediyirunnu. lettar. govarnarettar thiranjeduppile oru wig pilarppum janaadhipathya vijayavum 1848 leeii president thiranjeduppil kentakkiye vahikkaanulla wig pratheekshakale doshakaramaayi baadhikkumenn lechar vimarshakarkk ezhuthi; mattoru muun wig govarnor thomas metkaaf sammathichu. wig nominating kanvenshanil, graves dixon avarude perukal pinvalikkukayum logan kaundiyil ninnulla oru prathinidhi krittandante peru addehathinte sammathamillaathe munnottuvaykkukayum cheythu. krittandante suhruthukkalkku thadayunnathinu munbu naamanirddesham eluppathil kondupoyi. govarnor padavi abhimaanakaramallaathathum senattile krittandan sthaanathekkaal kuranja shambalamullathumaayirunnu. supreme kodathikku munnil thante valarunna niyamaparamaaya practies upekshikkendivarikayum meksikkan yudhathil ninnu uyarnnuvanna praadeshika chodyangal polulla addehathinu praadhaanyamulla deseeya vishayangalil addehathinu vivarangal nashtappedukayum cheyyum. ennirunnaalum, thante sthaanaarthithvam viggukale onnippikkukayum pothutheranjeduppil kentakkiyude electoral vottukal nedaan taylore sahayikkukayum cheiyumennu addeham vishwasichu. naamanirddesham cheyth orazhcha kazhinjappol addeham athu sweekarichu.
kentakki appeel kodathiyile cheef justice elijah heyy janaadhipathya govarnarative naamanirddeshathinulla pramukha sthaanaarthiyaayirunnu, ennaal krittandante wig naamanirddeshathinu sesham hii pariganayil ninnu pinmari. demookratik stettu kanvenshan pinneedu kongrassukaaranaaya lyne boydine naamanirddesham cheythuvenkilum boyd naamanirddesham nirasichu. demokraattukalkk oduvil hendezhson abhibhashakanaaya laasarasine naamanirddesham cheyyaan kazhinju. pooll. vimarshakar samsthaanathe prachaaranamcheythappol, 1848 leeii thiranjeduppil addehathe pinthunaykkaan visammathichathinal kalimanninodu avishwasthatha kaanichuvennu addehathinte athiraalikal addehathinethire aaropikkunnu. mattaarekkaalum thaan presidentinaayi kalimannine pinthunaykkunnuvennu krittandan vaadichu, ennaal 1848 ll kalimannu wig naamanirddesham nedaan uddeshikkunnillennu addeham vishwasichirunnu. clay thante sthaanaarthithvam prakhyaapichathinushesham, krittandan paranju, vigsinte thiranjeduppil thaan nishpakshatha paalichu. govarnarative thiranjeduppil krittandan povaline 65,860-57,397 vottukalkku paraajayappeduthi. govarnor sthaanam ettedukkunnathinaayi addeham thante senatt seett raajivachu.
swantham prachaaranatthode, krittandan taylorude presidential prachaaranatthinte dishaabodham punaraarambhichu, raajyathinte ellah bhaagangalilekkum vidagdha wig speakerumaare ayachu. tailor thiranjedukkappettathinum addeham samsthaana sekrattari sthaanam vaagdaanam cheythu. manthrisabhayil sevanamanushtikkaan raajyathudaneelamulla wig, janaadhipathya nethaakkalil ninnu abhyarthanakal vannu; tailor anubhavaparichayamillaanathavanu, addehathe nayikkaan vimarsikkaathe addehathinte bharanam paraajayappedumennu palarkkum thonni. niyamanam sweekarikkaan thanne prerippikkumenna pratheekshayil 1849 februvari 15 nuu tailor frankfortile krittandane nerittu sandarshichu. krittandan taylorude nirddeshangal nirasikkukayum athupole thanne thante suhruthaaya roobert pii. yeei niyamikkanulla krittandante abhyarthanakal tailor nirasikkukayum cheythu. lechar, poost maasttar general. krittandante nirddesham joonn emm-nte niyamanagalkk ganyamaaya sambhavana nalkiyathaayi vishwasikkappedunnu. kleydan stettu sekrattariyaayum orlando braun indian afayezhs commissioneraayum.
taylorude niyamanam nirasichathinu krittandante kaaranagal palathaayirunnu. kalimanninte vikaarangalodulla bahumanam kaaranam addeham bhaagikamaayi nirasikkukayum 1825-ll kalimanninteyum aadaaminteyum "azhimathi niranja vilapeshal" pole thanne ithine kaanumenn bhaagikamaayi addeham karuthukayum cheythu. govarnor sthaanam raajivaykkunnathu, tailorine presidency nedaan sahayikkaan maathramaan thaan oafees aavasyappettathennu janaadhipathyavaadikalude aropanangal amgeekarikkunnathinu thulyamaakumaayirunnu. oduvil, wig partyile lamghanam poornnamaayum sukhappeduthaan addehathinu kazhinjilla, aaa sahacharyam pariharikkan addeham aagrahichu.
govarnarative bharanam.
krittandante bharanakaalathu, kentakkiyile "public school samvidaanathinte pithaav" ennu ariyappedunna pothuvidyaabhyaasa suuprand roobert jefezhsan breakinridginu addeham sakthamaaya pinthuna nalki."pothuvidyaabhyaasam mechappeduthunnathinna saambathika pinthuna nalkanamenna krittandante aahvaanathin marupadiyaayi, potusabha 1849 februvari 26 nuu oru pothu school niyamam pasaki. eee niyamam pothuvidyaalayangalude bharanavumaayi bandhappett niravadhi pothu udyogastharkku maargganirddeshangal sthaapichu. kentakki, harita, vandhya nadikalil ninnu eedaakkunna tolukal vidyaabhyaasathinaayi niyamasabha neekkivaykkukayum samsthaanathe skoolukalkku dhanasahayam nalkunnathinaayi rund sathamaanam swath nikuthi pasakkukayum cheythu.
theepidutthatthil takarnna samsthaana jayilinte naveekaranam nadatthaan krittandan utharavidukayum vipulamaaya samsthaana bhoomishaasthra sarway nadathanamennu aavasyappedukayum cheythu. samsthaanathinte kadam thirichadaykkunnathinayi oru mungal fund roopeekarikkaanum addeham upadeshichu. krittandan bharanaghadanaa kanvenshanile prathinidhiyaayirunnillenum rekhayude karadu thayyarakkunnathil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiyirunnillenkum krittandante bharanakaalathu samsthaanam oru puthiya bharanaghadana sweekarichu. mikka viggukalum oru bharanaghadanaa kanvenshan vilikkunnathine ethirthu, kaaranam athil samsthaanathinte niyamanirmmaana jillakalude punarvinyaasam ulppedanam, pothusabhayile wig aadhipathyam apakadathilaakkum; ennirunnaalum, 1848 leeii govarnoral prachaarana velayil oru kanvenshanulla aahvaanathe vimarshakar vaiki pinthunachu.
meksikkan-american yudhathinte praadeshika ettedukkalinethudarnnu adimathathekkurichulla chodyam kooduthal nirnnaayakamaayitheernnatho, joonn sii. 1848 desemberil kaalhoun oru prakopanaparamaaya prasangam nadatthi, yooniyante verpiriyal ennartham vannalum "vadakkan aakramanathe" cherukkaan thekkan samsthaanangalile nethaakkalodu abhyarthichu. abhyarthichu 1848lum niyamanirmmaanasabhaykkulla vaarshika sandeshangalil krittandan vighadanathe shakthamayi apalapichu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, kentakkiyile pouranmaarodu unione vilamathikkanum verpiriyaanulla eathoru shramatheyum prathirodhikkanum samsthaana senatt oru prameyam pasaki.
randaam thavana attorni generalayi.
vais president millard fillmore taylorude maranashesham presidensiyilekku kayarukayum attorni general sthaanam vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. wig partyile villal ippol valareyadhikam mechappettuvennu vishwasicha addeham eee vaagdaanam amgeekarikkukayum 1850-ll govarnor sthaanam raajivaykkukayum cheythu. adimathathe ethirkkunna fillmore 1850-leeii othutheerppil ulppetta billukalilonnaya olichodiya adima niyamatthinte bharanaghadanaaparamaaya nilanilppinekkurichu vimarshakaril ninnu abhiprayam abhyarthichu. prathyekichum, niyamam "habeas corpus" enna ritt suspended cheythittundo ennu addeham chodichu. olichodiya adimakale thirike nalkanamennu bharanaghadana kongrassinu nalkia kadama nirvahichathaayi abhipraayappettukondu krittandan athu cheythillennu paranju. othutheerppu nadakkukayum kooduthal vibhageeyamaaya pirimurukkam ozhivaakkukayum cheyyaanulla aagrahamaan krittandante abhipraayathinu prachodanamaayathu. addehathinte samshayangalkk shamanam nalkikkond, othutheerppu nilanirthikkondu billil oppuvachu.
attorni janaralaayirunna aadya kaalayalavil krittandan ithinakam pariganichirunna floridayile avakaashavaadangalekkurichulla chodyangal addehathinte randaam kaalayalavil thudarnnu. prathyekichum, aadams-onees udambadikku varshangalkk sesham kongras pasakia niyamaparamaaya vyavasthaye chila avakaashavaadikal ethirthu, athu florida kodathikal nalkia avakaashavaadangal "neethiyukthavum nyayayukthavumaaya" allennu treasury secretory nirasikkaan anuvadichu. adhikara vibhajana sidhaantham lamghichu oru judicial theerumaanam asaadhuvaakkaan ithu oru executive offeesare anuvadichuvennu avakaashavaadikal vaadichu. sekrattariyude vidhi florida jadjimaarude athe judicial nadapadiyaanennu crittenden abhiprayappettu. jaaksante adhiniveshathil ninnulla naashanashtangal moolam undaakunna kleyimukalkku palisha nalkaan kazhiyillennu addeham 1841 leeii thante theerumaanam aavarthichu. eee abhiprayam undaayirunnittum, oru florida jadji avakaashavaadikalil oraalkk palisha nalkukayum sarkkar supreme kodathiyil appeel nalkukayum krittandan sarkkaarinte abhibhashakanaayi pravartthikkukayum cheythu. kodathi athinte vidhiyil krittandante muzhuvan abhipraayavum sharivachu.
1851ll harward sarvakalashaalayil ninnu krittandanu oonarari doctor oof loss birudam labhichu. aaa varsham thanne danielle webstarinte asukhakaalathu addeham stettu sekrattariyaayi pravarthichu. eee padaviyil, cuban swaathanthryathekkurichu chodyathil edapedunnathinekkurichu addeham brittaninum francinum sakthamaaya munnariyipp nalki. 1851ll hangarian viplavakariyaaya luis kosatthinte american sandarshana velayil europil edapedaathirikkaanulla amerikkayude parambaraagatha nayam paalikkunnathine addeham prothsaahippichu.
1851 novemberil senattar joseph aarinte pingami thiranjedukkaan potusabha yogam chernnu. marathinadiyilaanu. 1853ll kaalavadhi avasaanikkunna underwood veendum thiranjeduppu aagrahichu, wiggs chaals ezz. morehead jorjju robertson athath sthaanaarthikale prakhyaapichirunnu. 1853ll attorni general enna nilayilum kaalavadhi avasaanicha krittandan, president filmorinte manthrisabhayil sevanamanushticha sesham senattilekku madangaan aagrahikkunnuvennu parasyamaayi prakhyaapichirunnu, ithu arinjappol underwood morehead malsarathil ninnu pinmari. robartsan krittandane gauravamaayi velluvilikkumennu pratheekshichirunnilla, ennaal mattu sthaanaarthikalude pinvalikkalinetthudarnnu archibald dixon malsararangathekku praveshichu. charitraparamaayi krittandante sakhyakakshiyaya krittandante prakhyaapanathinu sesham dixon malsarathilekku praveshichathu addeham thante vishwasthatha krittandanil ninnu kalimannilekku maattiyenn kaanikkunnu. krittandane paraajayappedutthaanum viggukale naanamkettathaakkaanum aagrahikkunna janaadhipathyavaadikal, dixone thiranjedukkukayaanenkilum, enthuvilakoduthum addehathinethire vottu cheiyumennu prathijnjayedutthu. athinaal, krittandante suhruthukkal addehathe eathaandu nischitha tholvi ozhivakkaan naamanirddeshathil ninnu addehathinte peru pinvalichu. dixon, robartsan, lefttanant govarnor joonn bii ennivarkku kaliman anuyaayikal pinthuna nalkiyathode votteduppu niravadhi divasathekku nischalamaayi. thompson, oru vittuveezhcha sthaanaarthi. mattoru othutheerppu nirddeshikkappettu, athuvazhi addehathinte aarogyam moshamayathinaal kalimannu thante senatt seett raajivaykkukayum rund senatt ozhivukal srishtikkukayum dixonine krittandaneyum thiranjedukkaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu, pakshe kalimannu sahakarikkaan visammathichu. oduvil, 1851 desember 11-aamm theeyathi ratri, viggukal cocusil koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum dixon krittandanum pinvalikkaanum thompsone thiranjedukkaanum sammathikkukayum cheythu.
thiranjeduppu kazhinju orazhcha kazhinju, clay raajivachu, ennaal krittandan ippol thante kaalavadhi avasaanikkaatha kaalavadhi nikathunnathinaayi niyamanam nirasichu. pakaram, 1855 maarchil kaalaharanappedunna kalimanninte sheshikkunna kaalayalavilekku niyamanirmmanasabha dixone thiranjedutthu. 1852ll kalimanninte maranathinu moonnaazhcha munbu addeham krittandane ayachu, iruvarum anurajanam nadatthi; krittan 1852 septambaril kalimanninu oru sthuthi nalki, parasyamaayi tharkkam illaathaakki. kalimanninte maranashesham, krittandan kentakkiyile ettavum pramukha wig nethaavaayi maari. 1852ll president sthaanathekku millard filmorine naamanirddesham cheiyunnathine pinthunaykkaan addeham party prothsaahippichuvenkum aaa naamanirddesham aathyanthikamayi winfield scotylake pooyi. krittandane vais prasidantinulla naamanirddeshakanaayi nirddeshichenkilum addeham nirasichu. demokraattukal aaa varsham govarnor sthaanam pidichedutthu; ithu kentakkiyile wig party maranatthinte mungamiyaayirunnu.
senatt enna thaalilekku madanguka.
1853 februvari meyy, rund thavana vidhavayaya krittandan thante moonnaamathe bharyayaaya elisabath mosine vivaham kazhichu. mosinum randuthavana bharyayaayi, ettavum aduthide general vilyam henry aashliyude aduthu. moss krittandante maranam vare bhaaryayaayirunnu. 1853ll filmorinte kaalavadhi avasanikkunnathuvare krittandan attorni generalayi sevanamanushtichu. attorni generalaayulla sevanathethudarnnu addeham swakaarya jeevithathilekku madangi. muun meksikkan pradeshathe thante kakshikalkkayi khanana avakaashavaadangal sthaapich addeham ganyamaaya thuka sambaadichu.
1853ll senattar dixante pingami niyamasabha thiranjedukkendathaayirunnu. kalimannum krittandanum thammilulla tharkkam avasaanichathil ippol samthrupthanaaya dixon veendum thiranjeduppu thedaathe krittandanu valia athirpponnumillaatheya. general asambliyude irusabhakaludeyum samyuktha votteduppil, krittandan govarnor lazarus povaline marikadannu <aii. dii. 1> aayi thiranjedukkappettu.
thante thiranjeduppinum adhikaaramelkkunnathinum edayilulla kaalayalavil, maatt eph-nte kolapathaka vichaaranayile pradhana prathirodha abhibhaashakanaayirunnu krittandan. krittandante aajeevanantha suhruthukkaliloraalude makanaan ward. vaardinte ilaya sahodarane kazhinja novemberil louisville purusha haiskoolile principal achadakkam nalkukayum mootha ward thante sahodaran vendi principalinoppam tharkkikkan pookukayum cheythu. thudarnnundaaya ettumuttalil ward principaline vedivachu pisttal upayogichu kolappedutthi. pothujana vikaaram vaardinethiraayirunnu, vichaarana hardin kaundiyilekku maatti. 1854 eprilil aarambhicha orazhcha neenduninna vichaaranaykkide, driksaakshikalude vivaranangalile poruthakkedukal krittandan oonnipparayukayum louisville mayer jaims steefans speed, kongrassukaaran vilyam preesttan, corrier-jenal edittar jorjju dii. thudangiya pramukha kathapatra saakshikale vilikkukayum cheythu. prentis. svayam prathirodhatthilaanu ward pravarthichathennu addeham oru cases avatharippichu. prosecution vadhasiksha aavasyappettathinaal, juurii thettaaya shikshavidhi nalkiyaal, avar oru niraparadhiye thookkilettiyennu ariyunnathu avarkk manasamadhaanam labhikkillenn crittenden vaadichu.
ward kuttakkaaranallenn kandethiyappol valia prathishedhamaanu uyarnnathu. raajyathudaneelamulla pathrangal vidhiye apalapikkukayum athu surakshithamaakkunnathil addehathinte pankine vimarsikkukayum cheythu. corrier-jenalil" prentis maathramaan krittandaneyum ward kudumbatheyum prathirodhichathu. krittandan senattil ninnu raajivaykkanamennu aavasyappettu niravadhi pothuyogangal prameyangal pasaki. atharamoru yogathinu sesham, oru janakkoottam othukoodi, avare vimarsikkukayum, praanteesineyum, vaardukaleyum, panthrand joorimaareyum kolam kathikkukayum cheythu.
1855ll addeham senatt seett etteduthappol krittandanu arupathombathu vayassayirunnu, aaa samithiyile ettavum muthirnna amgamaayirunnu. eee samayamaayappozhekkum wig party praayogikamaayi pirichuvidukayum addeham thante pala saha kentakkiyanmaarumaayum chernnu noow nothing partyumaayi sahakarichu. party ellah thathwangalodum addeham yojichillengilum, addeham thante kariyarinte bhooribhaagavum apalapicha partyaya demokraattukalumaayi sahakarikkilla, adimathathinethiraaya avarude nilapad kaaranam puthiya republican partyumaayi addeham sahakarikkilla. party chila platfomukalekkurich samshayangal undaayirunnittum, 1856 leeii president thiranjeduppil party sthaanaarthiyaaya millard filmorinu vendi addeham pracharanam nadatthi.
1856 meyy meyy kongras amgamaaya preesttan brooks senattinte tharayil senattar chaals samnare oru chooral upayogichu aakramichappol krittandan sannihithanaayirunnu. aakramana samayat, veettil ninnulla brooksinte sakhyakakshikalaya laurence emm. keettum henry eiii. samnarude sahaayathin sakshikal varunnath edmundson thadanju. crittenden edapedaan sramikkukayum samnare kollaruthennu aruvikalodu abhyarthikkukayum cheythu. senattar roobert thoombukalkku pinneedu krittandanu vendi madhyasthatha vahikkendivannu, aruvikal-summer tharkkathil kakshiyallaatha oraale aakramikkunnath thettaanenn keydinodu paranju, ennirunnaalum thoombukal pinneedu soochippichathu aruvikal summerine adikkunnathil thanikk oru prashnavumillenn, vaasthavathil athu amgeekarikkukayum cheythu.
thante bharanakaalatthinte aadyakaalathu, kansas pradeshathe akramam adichamarthunnathil krittandan aashankaakulanaayirunnu. aashankaakulanaayirunnu kansas-nebrasca niyamatthinte ethiraaliyaaya crittendan, 36°30 'rekhaykku vadakkulla adimatham ozhivaakkunnathin pakaram janakeeya paramadhikaaram nalkaan vadakku sammathichillengil misauri othutheerppu raddaakkunnathine ethirthu. 1856-nte thudakkathil, kansas pradeshathekku pothu winfield skottine ayaykkaan addeham nirddeshichuvenkilum piers bharanakoodam eee nirddesham thadanju. kansas pradeshathu oru bharanaghadanaa kanvenshan anuvadikkunnathinaayi shavakudeerangal nirddeshicha ellah niyamangalodum addeham yojichilla, pakshe avide samadhaanam konduvarunnathinulla oru chuvaduveppaayi addeham athine pinthunachu. topeca bharanaghadanayudeyum lecompton bharanaghadanayudeyum amgeekaarangal asaadhuvaayi addeham kanakkaakkukayum randaamathethinu ethire thante kariyarile ettavum bahumaanikkappedunna prasamgangalilonnu nadathukayum cheythu. mattoru amgeekaara votteduppinaayi lecompton bharanaghadana kansasilekku veendum samarppikkumaayirunna addehathinte pakara billine republicanmaar pinthunachenkilum aathyanthikamayi athu parajayappettu. kansas chodyathile addehathinte pravarthanangalkku sesham krittandante swaadheenam valare valuthayirunnathinaal 1858 leeii illinois senattar thiranjeduppinu krittandan steefan daglasine pinthunachathinu linkon vila nalkiyennu ebraham linkon karuthi.
aabhyantharayudham.
1858 muthal 1860 vare, crittenden raajyathinte ellah vibhagangalil ninnum mithavaadikale thedukayum athinte falamaayi yudhathe ozhivaakkukayum cheythu. 1860ll, vibhageeyamaaya abhiprayavyathyaasangal unione nasippikkumennu bhayapetta oru koottam kongrassukaarum pathrapravartthakarum chernna deseeya union executive kammittiyude chairmaanaayi addehathe niyamichu. addehathinte sramangal aaa varsham avasaanam bharanaghadanaa union party roopeekarikkaan sahayichu. 1860 meyy meyy party deseeya kanvenshanil mukhya prabhashakanaayi thiranjedukkappetta palarum addehathe thangalude president sthaanaarthiyaakaan abhyarthichu. ennirunnaalum, ezhupathimoonnaam vayassil, krittandan ithinakam viramikkalinekkurich chinthikkukayum pakaram 1860 leeii president malsarathil sajeevamaayi pinthunacha joonn bellinte naamanirddesham aasoothranam cheyyukayum cheythu.
1860ll ebraham linkon presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettathinum, verpiriyal anivaaryamaanenna ashayam krittandan nirasikkukayum union samrakshikkunnathinaayi pravartthikkunnathu thudarukayum cheythu. munkaalathe ellah abhipraayavyathyaasangaleyum pole nilavile vibhageeya prathisandhikk kazhiyumennu addeham vishwasichu.ezz. charithram-vittuveezhchayiloode pariharikkappeduka. ennirunnaalum, eee vittuveezhcha oru lalithamaaya niyamanirmmaana nadapadiyaayirikkaruthennu addeham vishwasichu, athu thudarchayaaya kongrassinu maattaano raddakkano kazhiyumennu addeham vishwasichu, marichu yuu. esile bhedagathikal.ezz. bharanaghadana, athu maattaan valare budhimuttaayirikkum. athinaayi, 1860 desemberil aarr bharanaghadanaa bhedagathikaludeyum naalu kongras prameyangaludeyum oru paakkej-krittandan othutheerppu addeham nirddeshichu. prameyangalil vadakkan vyakthi swaathanthrya niyamangale apalapikkunnathum olichodiya adima niyamatthinte bharanaghadanaaparamaaya avakaashavaadavum ulppedunnu. eee bhedagathikal misauri othutheerppu rekha punasthaapikkukayum adimakalum swatantra pradeshangalum thammilulla athirthi nirnnayathinte oru rekhayaayi kaaliforniyayilekku vyaapippikkukayum cheiyumaayirunnu. krittandante mattu bhedagathikal washington dii. yill adimatham anischithamaayi niyamaparamaayi thudarumennu kooduthal urappu nalkumaayirunnu.sii.marylandilo virgeniayilo ithu niyamaparavum olichodiya adimakalkku adima udamakalkku prathiphalam nalkunnathumaayirikkunnathu kaalam. koodaathe, bhedagathikal antharsamsthaana adimakkachavadathilo nilavilulla thekkan samsthaanangalile adimathathilo edapedaan kongrasinu oru adikaaravum nishedhikkukayum olichodiya adima niyamavum anchil moonnu vittuveezhchayum shaashwathamaakkukayum cheythu.
krittandante saha kentakki senattar lazarus powell nirddeshicha oru prathyeka samithikk eee othutheerppu nirddesham kaimari. kammittiyile avarude prathinidhikal ulppede republicanmaar pothuve krittandante vittuveezhcha allengil athinu samanamaaya onnu sweekarikkaan thayyaaraanenn vishwasichirunnuvenkilum, presidentaayi thiranjedukkappetta linkon ithinakam thanne niyamanirmmaanasabhayile thante vishwastha sakhyakakshikalkk adimatham vyaapippikkanulla eathu padhathiyeyum prathirodhikkaan nirddesham nalkiyirunnu. thalphalamaayi, kammitti athinte aadya yogam nadathiyappol, republican amgangal krittandanteyum mattu aarr perudeyum padhathiye vottinginaayi sabhayilekku varunnathil ninnu thadanju. ethirppu undaayirunnittum republicanmaar mattoru padhathiyum avatharippichilla. kammittiyil krittandante padhathi nirasichathinushesham florida, mississippy, alabama, jorjia enniva southu karolinayude neethrthwathe pinthudarukayum verpiriyal oordinansukal pasakkukayum cheythu.
1861 januvari januvari, hitaparisodhanayil janangalkk samarppikkaan muzhuvan senattinum shupaarsha cheythukondu krittandan thante padhathi rakshikkaan shramichu. oru hitaparisodhana krittandante padhathi sweekarikkaan shupaarsha cheiyumennu parakke vishwasikkappettirunnu, kongrasile republicanmaar athu anuvadikkunnathinulla vottu thadayaan vividha nadapadikramangal upayogichu. januvari 16 nuu, nadapadikrama kaalathamasam theernnathode, nyoo hamshire senattar daniel clark krittandante padhathikku pakaramaayi union samrakshikkunnathinu bharanaghadanaa bhedagathikal anaavasyamaanennum bharanaghadanayum nilavile niyamangalum nadappaakkunnathu prathyeka sekshanal gyaarandikalude aavasyakatha illaathaakkumennum prasthaavikkunna oru prameyam konduvannu. thekkan samsthaanangalil ninnulla senattarmaar (verpirinjavarum illaathirunnavarum) vottu cheyyaan visammathichathode republicanmark chamberil bhooripaksham labikkukayum klaarkkinte pakara prameyam pasakkukayum krittandante nirddeshathe phalapradamaayi illaathaakkukayum cheythu.
kongras nirtthivachathine thudarnnu krittandan eathaanum aazhchakal washingtonil thudarnnu. supreme kodathiyil sevanamanushtikkunna alabamian joonn archibald campbel thante samsthaanathinte vighadanathinte velichathil raajivaykkaan theerumaanichathaayi arinja president linkon ozhinjukidakkunna seettilekku krittandane niyamikkaan nirddeshichu. linkante manthrisabha amgeekarikkukayum naamanirddesha pathrikakal thayyarakkukayum cheythu, ennaal campbel vaikiyaan addehathinte raaji punaparisodhikkunnathu, addeham theerchayaayum raajivaykkaan theerumaanichappozhekkum, krittandante naamanirddeshathekkurichu linkon manass mattukayaayirunnu.
federal thalatthil vittuveezhcha nedunnathil parajayappetta krittandan 1861-nte thudakkathil kentakkiyilekku madangi, saha dakshinenthyan samsthaanangalude vaagdaanangal nirasikkaanum yooniyanil thudaraanum swantham samsthaanathe prerippikkaan shramichu. 1861 meyy juulai kentakkiyude yudhathinte gathi theerumaanikkunnathinaayi oru sammelanam nadannu. krittandan archibald dixon aandu ezz. ennivarodoppam chernnu. ezz. konfaransil unionist prathinidhikalayi nicolaus; thekkan avakaashangale prathinidheekarichathu joonn sii. breakinridge, govarnor beria magofin, richard havs. oru ekeekritha pravartthanareethi srishtikkunnathil sammelanam paraajayappettuvenkilum sayudha nishpakshathayude nayam sweekarichu. ennirunnaalum, samsthaana milishyaykkum athinte commander simoon boliwar bucknerinum konfedarettu anubhavam undennu niyamanirmmaanasabhayile unionistukal bhayapettu. pourasainyam thekk samsthaanathinte niyanthranam pidichedukkumenna eathu bheeshaniyeyum prathirodhikkaan, general assembly anchu anga union anukoola kammeeshan niyanthrikkunna oru prathyeka pourasainyamaaya hoome gaardine samghadippichu. hongardil oru swakaarya udyogasthanaayi chernna krittandan, federal gavanmentil ninnu hongardinu aayudangal surakshithamaakkunna "union defense kammitti" enna peril oru grouppinte bhaagamaayirunnu.
eprilil, potusabha meyy maasathil frankfortil oru athirthi samsthaana kanvenshan nadatthaan vilichu. unionistukalum thekkan valathupakshakkaarum prathinidhikalude slettukale naamanirddesham cheythuvenkilum prathinidhikalude thiranjeduppinu munbu yuddham pottipurappettu; thekkan avakasha prathinidhikal thiranjeduppil ninnu pinmari, krittandan ulppedeyulla unionist slate sthirasthithiyaayi thiranjedukkappettu. 1861 meyy meyy krittandan kanvenshante chairmaanaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum athu oordar cheyyaan vilikkukayum cheythu. yogam nediyedukkaan kazhiyumaayirunna eathenkilum nanmaye yuddham valia thothil thadanjathinaal, kentakkiyude panthrand prathinidhikalil ombathu perr maathrame sannihitharaayirunnullu, misouriyil ninnu naalu perum (thiranjedukkappetta ezhuperil), tennessil ninnu oralum (addehathinte thiranjeduppu samshayaaspadamaayirunnu); virgenia, maryland, delaware enniva prathinidhikale ayachilla. aathyanthikamayi, thekkan samsthaanangalodu avarude vighadanam punaparisodhikkaanum vadakkan samsthaanangal avarude aavasyangal mithamakkaanum ahvaanam cheiyunnathilum appurathekku kanvenshan vijayichu.
pithaavinte aagrahathin virudhamaayi, krittandante makan jorj yuu. esile lefttanant kenal sthaanam raajivachu.ezz. konfedarettu stetts aarmiyil cheraanulla sainyam (athil addeham brigadieraayum pinneedu mejar generalayum sthaanakkayattam labhichu), kentakkiyile mill springsil aadyakaala konfedarettu paraajayatthil thante currier phalapradamaayi nashtappettu. jorjinte sahodaran thomas leonidas krittandan bucknerude stettu gardle amgamaayirunnuvenkilum 1861 septambaril union aarmiyil cherukayum doonn carlos byooyalinte keezhil brigadier general padaviyilekku uyarukayum cheythu. mattoru makan yoojeen union aarmiyil sevanamanushtikkukayum kenal padavi nedukayum cheythu. joonn krittandante perakkuttikaliloralaya joonn krittandan colman konfedarettu aarmiyil chernnappol mattoru kochumakanaaya joonn krittandan vaatsan yuu. esil ninnu birudam nedi.ezz. naavika academy yudhasamayathu david faragut nyoo oorliyans pidichadakkunnathil pankedutthu.
prathinidhikaludeyum maranathinteyum bhavanathile sevanam.
1861 juulai juulai president linkon kongrasinte prathyeka sammelanam vilikkukayum prathyeka sammelanathinaayi kongras amgangale thiranjedukkunnathinaayi kentakki juunil prathyeka thiranjeduppu nadathukayum cheythu. krittandan pothusevanatthil ninnu viramikkanulla aagraham prakadippikkukayum thudakkathil oru sthaanaarthiyaakaanulla abhyarthanakal nirasikkukayum cheythuvenkilum oduvil meyy avasaanathode malsarikkaan sammathichu. vighadanavaadi sthaanaarthi vilyam iii. yeei marikadannaanu addeham thiranjedukkappettathu. sims; mothatthil, kentakkiyude patthu kongras jillakalil onpathu prathyeka thiranjeduppil unionist sthaanaarthikale thiranjedutthu. sthaanam ettedutha sesham addehathe videshakaarya samithiyilekku niyamichu. 1861 juulai juulai addeham simoon bii. yeei anugamichu. kentakkiyude nishpakshathaye maanikkunnathinulla linkenil ninnu oru puthukkiya prathibaddhatha nedunnathinaayi president linkon sandarshicha buckner; kentakkiyekkurichu thanikk ippozhathe padhathikalonnumillennum ennaal thante bhaavi pravartthanangal niyantrikkaan prathijnjaabadhanallennum oru prakhyapanam purappeduvikkaan maathramaan linkon sammathichathu. yudhathile yooniyante lakshyangalekkurich aashankayulla athirthi samsthaana pouranmaarude bhayam shaanthamaakkunnathin, addeham krittandan-jonson prameyam avatharippichu, athu yudhathinu vighadanavaadi raajyangale kuttappeduthukayum yudhathinte lakshyam aaa samsthaanangale keezhppeduthukayalla, marichu bharanaghadanayude prathirodhavum yooniyante samrakshanavumaanennu prasthavikkukayum cheythu. aaa lakshyangal nediyedukkumbol yuddham avasaanippikkanamenn prameyam prasthaavichu. kentakkiyude prathinidhi henry sii. chodyam vibhajikkanamenn burnet aavasyappettu. yudhathinu thekkan samsthaanangale kuttappeduthunna prameyathinte bhaagathinethiraaya rund vottukalil onnaayirunnu burnet; backie bhaagathekkurichulla eaka viyojip visconsinte joonn eph. potter aandu ohiyoyude albert jii. oru pazhanchollu. senattil, kentakki senattarmaar breakinridge povalum nyoonapakshamaayi vottu cheythukondu prameyam 30-5 pasaki. 1861 desemberil sabha 76-65 enna vottinaal prameyam veendum sthireekarikkaan visammathichu.
1861 juulai avasaanathode kongras nirthivachathinushesham, krittandan frankfortilekku veettilekku madangiyenkilum nilavil konfedarettu janaralmaraya braakstan bragg edmund kirbi smith kentakkiye akramikkukayum frankfort lexington pidichedukkukayum cheythathinaal nagaratthil ninnu palayanam cheyyendivannu. louisvilleyude galt house hotelil thaalkkaalika thaamasasthalam ettedutha addeham avide thaamasikkumbozhum union general vilyam "bull" nelson brigadier general jefezhsan sii. yude vediyettu kollappettu. 1862 ll avidevechu davis. 1862 october 8 nuu periville yuddham konfedarettukale samsthaanathu ninnu purathaakkiyathinu thottupinnaale addeham frankfortile thante veettilekku madangi. pathiv kongras sammelanathilekku madangiyethiya addeham kentakkiyile bharanaghadanaa virudhamaaya sainika arasttukalekkurichulla niravadhi reportukal sampreshanam cheytha vazhithirivayi maari. vestt virjeeniyayude pradeshathu ninnu samsthaanam srishtikkaan virgenia sammathichittillenna adisthaanathil union amgathvathinethire addeham samsaarichu. vimochana prakhyaapanatheyum yudhathil adimakale pattalakkaaraayi upayogikkunnathineyum addeham ethirthu.
37-aamath kongrasinetthudarnnu kentakkiyilekku madangiyethiyappol, krittandante aarogyam kshayichukondirikkayuku, koodaathe addehathinu palappozhum shwaasathadassavum nenjuvedana anubhavapettu. kongrasil ninnu viramikkaan addeham theerumaanichirunnuvenkum orikkalkkoodi suhruthukkal addehathe veendum thiranjeduppil nilkkaan prerippichu. naamanirddesham cheyyappettathinu thottupinnaale, krittandanum bharya louisvilleyil thakarnnuveenathinethudarnnu aarogyanila vashalaayathinte lakshanagal laghookarikkunnathinaayi chikitsa thedaan indiaanayile oru alum springlake povukayaayirunnu. oru praadeshika doctorude veettil urakkamunarnna sesham addeham frankfortilekku veettilekku madangi, avide 1863 juulai 26 nuu addeham marichu. frankfortile samsthaana semitheriyil addehathe samskarichu. addehathinte mattu sradheyamaaya bandhukkalil anantharavanmaaraaya thomas theodor krittandan, misouriyil ninnulla kongrassukaaran, union aarmiyile generalaya thomas turpin krittandan ennivarum ulppedunnu.

