composting toylet

composting ennu vilikkunna jaiva prakriyayiloode manushya maalinyangal samskarikkunna oru tharam dry toylattaanu composting toylet. eee prakriya jaivavasthukkalude vighadanathilekku nayikkukayum manushya maalinyangale compoost polulla vasthukkalaayi maattukayum cheiyunnu. niyantritha aerobic saahacharyangalil sookshumaanukkal (pradhaanamaayum baakteeriyakalum fangasukalum) composting nadathunnu. mikka composting toylattukalum flushinginaayi vellam upayogikkunnilla, athinaal avaye "dry toylattukal" ennu vilikkunnu.
pala composting toylet designukalilum, oro upayogathinum sesham soodast, naalikera kayar allengil peett moss polulla kaarban additteev cherkkunnu. aerobic vighadanam prolsaahippikkunnathi eee reethi manushya maalinyangalil eyar pokkattukal srishtikkunnu. ithu kaarban-naitrajan anupatham mechappeduthukayum durgandham kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu. mikka composting toylet samvidaanangalum mesophilic compostingine aasrayikkunnu. composting chembaril kooduthal samayam nilanirthunnathum rogakaarikale illaathaakkaan sahayikkunnu. rogakaarikale kooduthal kuraykkunnathinu mesophilic compostinginu kooduthal samayam anuvadikkunnathinu anthima uthppannam oru dvitheeya samvidaanathilekku-saadhaaranayaayi mattoru composting ghattathilekku-mattaam.
composting toylattukal, dvitheeya composting ghattathodoppam, praadeshika niyanthranangal anuvadikkukayaanenkil mannu sambushtamaakkaan upayogikkaavunna humous polulla anthima uthppannam uthppaadippikkunnu. chila composting toylattukalil moothram vevvere shekharikkunnathinum adhika eerppam niyanthrikkunnathinum toylet boulil moothram vazhithirichuvidunna samvidaanangalundu. mannirakal compostaayi vighadippikkunnathine prothsaahippikkunna flushing vellamulla composting toylattaanu vermifiltar toylet.
composting toylattukalkku flush toylattukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi septik taankukalumaayo azhukkuchaal samvidaanangalumaayo kanakshan aavasyamilla. deseeya udyaanangal, vidoora avadhikkala kottejukal, ecotourism resortukal, oof-grid veedukal, vikaswara raajyangalile graamapradeshangal enniva saadhaarana aaplikkeshanukalil ulppedunnu.
padavali.
composting toylet" enna padam valare ayanja reethiyil upayogikkunnu, athinte ardham raajyathinanusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu. udaaharanathinu, germmaniyilum scandinavian raajyangalilum composting ellaayppozhum pradhaanamaayum aerobic prakriya soochippikkunnu. eee aerobic composting microbial pravartthanam moolam thaapanila vardhikkunnathinoppamo allengil mandagathiyilulla composting allengil thanutha compostinginte kaaryatthil thaapanila vardhanavu illaathe sambhavikkam. mannirakal upayogikkukayaanenkil (mannira composting) thapanilayil vardhanavu undaakilla.
composting toylattukal pitt toylattukalil ninnum arborlusil ninnum vyathyasthamaan, avaa kuranja niyantritha vighadanam upayogikkunnu, koodaathe poshakangalil ninno rogakaarikalil ninno bhoogarbha jalathe samrakshikkukayo opttimal poshaka recycling nalkukayo cheythekkilla. nirjjaleekaranathiloode rogakaarikale kuraykkunnathilum (kooduthal krithyamaaya padam "desikeshan" ennum ariyappedunnu) malam shekharana nilavara kazhiyunnathra varandathaakkunnathilum moothram vazhithirichuvidunna dry toylattukalil (yudidi) ninnu avaa vyathyasthamaan. composting arayil oru nischitha alavil eerppam undaayirikkaanaan composting toylattukal lakshyamidunnathu.
vibhava veendedukkalinaayi oru paaristhithika shuchithva sameepanam nadappilakkaan composting toylattukal upayogikkaam, chila aalukal avarude composting toylet designukale "ecosan toylattukal" ennu vilikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithu rund padangalaayi shupaarsha cheiyunnilla (i.iii. composting ecosan) orupoleyalla.
composting toylattukale "soodast toylattukal" ennum vilikkunnu, toylattinte kandeynaril nadakkunna aerobic compostinginte alavu valare parimithamaanengil ithu uchithamayirikkum. toylet seettinu thaazhe oru valia composting chembar ullathum kaarban-naitrajan anupatham vardhippikkunnathinu dahikkaatha jaiva vasthukkal sveekarikkunnathumaaya oru tharam composting toylattaanu "cleves multrum". composting chamber toylet yoonittinte bhagamaayathinaal cheria composting chembarukalulla badalukale "svayam ulkkollunna composting toylattukal" ennu vilikkunnu.
aaplikkeshanukal.
anuyojyamaaya jalavitharanam, azhukkuchaalukal, malinajala samskaranam enniva illaatha grameena pradeshatho parco polulla pradeshangalil composting toylattukal anuyojyamaanu. kalavastha vyathiyaanam, bhookambam, sunami thudangiya prakrithi duranthangal neridumbol nilavilulla shuchithva samvidaanangalude prathirodhasheshi vardhippikkaanum avaykku kazhiyum. composting toylattukalkku paaristhithika kaalppaadukal kuraykkunnathinu (prathyekichu oonn-saitt gray vaattar treatment sisttavumaayi samyojippichu upayogikkumbol) oru septik tank samvidaanathinte aavasyakatha kuraykkukayo illaathaakkukayo cheyyaam.
shuchithvamulla malavum moothravum valamaayi veendum upayogikkunnathiloodeyum poonthottaparipaalanathino alankaara pravartthanangalkko mannu conditioneraayi upayogikkunnathiloodeyum itharathilulla shouchaalayangal vibhava veendedukkalinaayi upayogikkaam.
adisthaanangal.
gadakangalum upayogavum.
composting toylattil rund gadakangalunda iricano iricano ulla sthalam, shekharana/composting yoonit. composting yoonittil naalu pradhana bhaagangalunda
pala composting toylattukalum malam ore arayil moothram shekharikkunnu, athinaal avaa moothram vazhithirichuvidunnil. malavisarjjanathinu upayogikkunna cheria alavil vellam cherkkunnath composting toylattinu kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil oru prasnavumilla.
chila composting toylattukal moothram (guda alakkaan upayogikkunna vellam) vazhithirichuvidukayum compostinte amithamaya saachureshan moolam vaayurahithamaya avasthakal undaakunnath thadayukayum ithu durgandhathilekkum vekttar prashnangalilekkum nayikkukayum cheiyunnu. ithinu saadhaaranayaayi ellah upayokthaakkalum irippidathil toylet upayogikkendathundu. toylattinu purame vellamillaatha moothranaalam nalkunnathu composting chembaril ninnu adhika alavil moothram akattinirthaan sahayikkum. pakaram, graamapradesangalil, oru maram kandethaan purushanmareyum aankuttikaleyum prolsaahippikkaam.
nirmmaanam.
composting chamber nilatthinu mukaliloo thaazheyo nirmmikkam. athu oru gadanaykkullil aayirikkam allengil oru prathyeka uparithala ghadana ulppeduthaam.
oru drainage samvidaanam leachate neekkam cheiyunnu. allengil, adhika eerppam vaayurahithamaya avasthakalkku kaaranamaakukayum vighadanathe thadassappeduthukayum cheyyum. moothrathil microbiological pravartthanatthe thadayunna amonia valia alavil adangiyirikkunnathinaal moothram maattunnath compostinte gunanilavaaram mechappeduthum.
composting toylattukal cycrophilic, thermophilic allengil mesophilic compostingiloode manushya maalinyathinte alavu valareyadhikam kuraykkunnu. composting chamber insulate cheyth choodaayi sookshikkunnathu kuranja thaapanila kaaranam composting prakriya mandagathiyilaakunnathil ninnu samrakshikkunnu.
durgandhamulla vaathakangal.
composting toylattukalil nadakkunna composting prakriyayil inipparayunna vaathakangal purappeduvikkaam hydrajan sulfide (echu 2 ezz), amonia, naitras ooksaid (enn 2 oo), asthira jaiva samyukthangal (vox). eee vaathakangal durgandhathekkurichulla paraathikalilekku nayichekkaam. kurachu meedheynum undakamenkilum athu durgandhamullathalla.
rogakaarikale neekkam cheyyuka.
maalinyathil ninnu labhikkuna compoost malam poshakangale recycle cheiyunnu, ennaal maalinyangalude punarupayoga prakriya shariyaayi cheythillengil ithinu rogakaarikale vahikkanum pracharippikkanum kazhiyum. composting toylattukalile rogakaarikalude naasha nirakk saadhaaranayaayi kuravaanu, prathyekichu helminth muttakalil ("ascaris" janussil ninnullava). sariyaaya samvidaana maanejment illengil ithu rogam padarunnathinulla saadhyatha vahikkunnu. mesophilic saahacharyangalil maathram samskarikkunnatho compoost chembaril ninnu nerittu edukkunnatho aaya manushya maalinyangalil ninnulla compoost bhakshya ulppaadanathinu surakshithamalla. ellah rogakaarikalilum ettavum kadinamaaya helminth muttakale kollan uyarnna thaapanilayo neenda composting samayamo aavasyamaanu. pala vikaswara raajyangalilum helminth anubadhakal saadhaaranamaanu.
thapanilayil valarunna thermophilic composting bakteeriyakalil, maalinyangal athinte gadakangalaayi ookseekarikkukayum (thakarkkukayum) avayil chilath eee prakriyayil upabhogam cheyyukayum alavu kuraykkukayum rogakaarikale illaathaakkukayum cheiyunnu. rogakaarikale nasippikkunnathinu, thermophilic composting compoost koombaaram vendathra choodaakkanam, allengil jaiva pravarthanangalkku ore rogakaarikale neekkam cheiyunna falamundennu puthiya vasthukkal chertthathinaal mathiyaya samayam (1-2 varsham) kadannupokanam.
kuranjathu randaazhchayenkilum 55 digri selshyas thapanilayil allengil oraazhchathekku 60 digri selshyasil thermophilic composting nadathunnathiloode rogakaarikalude alavu surakshithamaaya nilayilekku kuraykkumennu oru maargganirddesham avakaashappedunnu. oru badal maargganirddeshathil parayunnath compoost koombaaram muzhuvan oru manikkoor, oru divasam, orazhcha allengil oru maasam thapanilayil ethiyaal poornna rogakaarikalude nasham ithinakam thanne kaivarikkanaakum, ennirunnaalum mattullavar ithu amithamaya shubhaapthivishvaasamaayi kanakkakkunnu.
design parigananakal.
paaristhithika gadakangal.
naalu pradhana gadakangal vighadana prakriya badhikkunnu
aditteevukalum bulking metteeriyalukalum.
manushya maalinyangalum bhakshya maalinyangalum compostinginu ettavum anuyojyamaaya saahacharyangal nalkunnilla. moothram malam kalarthumbol, prathyekichu vellathinteyum naitrajanteyum alavu valare kooduthalaanu. thadi chippukal, bark chippukal, soodast, arinja unangiya elakal, charam, paper kashanagal enniva polulla aditteevukal allengil "bulking metteeriyal" ennivaykku eerppam agiranam cheyyaan kazhiyum. aditteevukal pail vaayusanjaaram mechappeduthukayum kaarban-naitrajan anupatham vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. bulking metteeriyal malam moodukayum praanikalude praveshanam kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu. mathiyaya bulking metteeriyalinte abhaavathil, metteeriyal valare othungukayum abhedyamaaya paalikal roopappedukayum cheyyum, ithu vaayurahithamaya avasthakalilekkum durgandhathilekkum nayikkunnu.
leashate maanejment.
leachate neekkam cheiyunnathu eerppathinte alavu niyanthrikkunnu, ithu vegathilulla aerobic composting urappakkaan aavasyamaanu. chila vaanijya yoonittukalil moothram verthirikkunna allengil moothram vazhithirichuvidunna samvidaanam koodaathe/allengil composterinte adiyil oru draine enniva ulppedunnu.
vaayusanjaaravum misrithavum.
sookshumajeevikalude pravarthanatthinu saadhaaranayaayi vaayuvil ninnulla ooksijan aavasyamaanu. vaanijya samvidaanangal baathroomil ninnu maalinya kandeynariloodeyum melkkooraykk mukaliloode oru lamba paippiloodeyum vaayu neekkunna vaayusanjaaram nalkunnu. eee vaayu chalanam (samvahanathiloodeyo phaan nirbandhithamaayo) kaarban dye ooksaidum durgandhavum kadannupokunnu.
chila unitukalkku khara pindatthinte aanukaalika vaayusanjaaram nadatthaan composting chembar karakkukayo pindatthiloode oru "ayarettar rake" valikkukayo polulla maanuval reethikal aavasyamaanu.
mattu tharatthilulla shouchaalayangalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyuka.
kuzhi shouchaalayangal.
composting toylattukal malathe varandathum manamillaathathumaaya oru vasthuvayi maattunnu, ithu kuzhal shouchaalayangalil ulppaadippikkunna nananja malaa cheliyil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaan, ithu oru malaa cheli maanejment samvidaanathiloode paripaalikkendathundu. composting toylattukal pitt toylattukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol nilatthinu mukalilulla nilavarakalil malam surakshithamaayi niyanthrikkunnathinaal bhoogarbha jala malineekaranathinu kaaranamakunnilla, ithu kuzhikal adisthaanamaakkiyulla samvidaanangal anuyojyamallaatha sthalangalil composting toylattukal sthaapikkaan anuvadikkunnu.
composting toylattukalkku pitt toylattukalekkaal uyarnna mooladhanachelavundenkilum jeevithachakra chelavu kuravaanu. kuzhal shouchaalayangalude "drope aandu forgettu" sameepanathekkaal upayokthaavinte kooduthal pankaalittham avarkk aavasyamaanu.
toylattukal flush cheyyuka.
flush toylattukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, composting toylattukalkku malinajala samvidaanam aavasyamilla, koodaathe flushing vellam moothravum malam kalartharuthu. malinajala samskarana plaantukalumaayi bandhippichirikkunna flush toylattukalude "flush aandu forgettu" sameepanathekkaal upayokthaavinte kooduthal pankaalittham avarkk aavasyamaanu.
moothram thirikkunna varanda toylattukal.
composting toylattukal, moothram vazhithirichuvidunna dry toylattukal (yudidi) yumayi niravadhi gunangalum doshangalum pankidunnundenkilum, kooduthal sankeernavum sthiravum thaarathamyena uyarnna eerppavum nilanirthaan kooduthal attakuttappanikal aavasyamaanu. chila composting toylattukal moothram vazhithirichuvidunna reethiyilaan roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu.
tharangal.
vaanijya yoonittukalum nirmmaana samvidaanangalum labhyamaan. composting nilavarakalude ennam, neekkam cheyyaavunna nilavara, moothram vazhithirichuvidal, sajeevamaaya mixing/vaayusanjaaram enniva vyathyasangalil ulppedunnu.
pathukke composting (allengil mouldering) toylattukal.
mikka composting toylattukalum "colled composting" ennum vilikkunna slow composting upayogikkunnu. compoost koombaaram kaalakramena ghattam ghattamayi nirmmikkappedunnu.
slow" composting toylattukalil (usile "mouldering toylattukal" allengil "mouldering praivikal") ninnulla poortthiyaaya anthima uthppannam saadhaaranayaayi rogakaarikalil ninnu mukthamalla. 2006 muthalulla lokaarogya samghadanayude maargganirddeshangal onniladhikam thadassangal upayogichu maalinyangal surakshithamaayi punarupayogikkunnathinul oru chattakkood vaagdaanam cheiyunnu.
mandagathiyilulla composting toylattukal oru nishkriya sameepanam upayogikkunnu. remot trial netvarkkukal polulla mithamayathum palappozhum seasonal upayogavum saadhaarana aaplikkeshanukalil ulppedunnu. nikshepikkunna vasthukkal pravartthana bhaagath ninnu verthirikkaan kazhiyunna tharatthilaanu avaa saadhaaranayaayi roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. kooduthal mesophilic composting anuvadikkunnathinu toylet adaykkaanum kazhiyum. mandagathiyilulla composting toylattukal rogakaarikal kuraykkunnathinum maalinyangal vighadippikkunnathinum allengil samayathinte samyojanathinum/allengil mannira-compostinginaayi chuvanna riggler puzhukkal cherkkunnathinum deerghakaala nilanirtthal samayangale aasrayikkunnu. composting thwarithappeduthunnathinna puzhukkal avatharippikkam. amerikkayile chila adhikaaraparidhikal eee puzhukkale aakramanathmaka inangalaayi kanakkakkunnu.
sajeeva composterukal (svayam ulkkollunna).
"svayam ulkkollunna" composting toylattukal toylet unitinullile oru kandeynaril compoost cheiyunnu. avaa oru flush toylattinekkaal alpam valuthaanu, pakshe ekadesham ore thara sthalam upayogikkunnu. chila unitukal vaayusanjaarathinum oopshanalaayi, composting prakriya vegathilaakkunnathinum moothravum mattu eerppavum baashpeekarikkunnathinum opttimal thaapanila nilanirthaan choodaakkal gadakangal upayogikkunnu. composting toylattukalude oopparettarmaar saadhaaranayaayi oro upayogathinum sesham aerobic prosessing prolsaahippikkunnathum draavakam agiranam cheiyunnathinum durgandham srishtikkunnathinum eyar pokkattukal srishtikkunnathinaayi cheria alavil agiranam cheiyunna kaarban metteeriyal (samskarikkaatha soodast, naalikera kayar allengil peett moss polullava) cherkkunnu. eee aditteevine chilappol "bulking ejantu" ennu vilikkunnu. chila udamastha-oopparettarmaar composting bacteria prakriyayilaanennu urappakkaan microbial "starttar" kalcharukal upayogikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu nirnaayakamalla.
vermifiltar toylet.
mannirakal compostaayi vighadippikkunnathine prothsaahippikkunna flushing vellamulla composting toylattaanu vermifiltar toylet. oro upayogathinum upayogikkunna loow-flush allengil micro-flush toylattumaayi ithu bandhippikkam. filter bedd uparithalathil kharapadaarthangal adinjukoodumbol filter maadhyamathiloode draavakam ozhuki reactoril ninnu discharge cheyyappedunnu. kharapadaarthangal (malam, toylet paper) aerobic bakteeriyakalaal aerobic aayi dahippikkukayum mannirakale castingukalaayi (humous) compoost cheyyukayum cheiyunnu, athuvazhi jaivavasthukkalude alavu ganyamaayi kuraykkunnu.
matoraal.
chila unitukal ayarettarukal gadippicha roll-eway kandeynarukal upayogikkunnu, mattullava charinja thaazheyulla taankukal upayogikkunnu.
attakuttappanikal.
durgandham thadayal ulppede sariyaaya pravartthanam urappaakkunnathin attakuttappanikal nirnaayakamaan. attakuttappanikal ulppedunnu vrithiyaakkal, faanukal polulla saankethika gadakangal sevikkuka, compoost, leachate, moothram enniva neekkam cheyyuka. moothram vazhithirichuvidal upayogichu atharam composting toylattukalkku maathrame moothram neekkam cheyyendathulloo.
composting poorthiyaayikkazhinjaal (allengil neratthe), compoost yoonittil ninnu neekkam cheyyanam. kandeynarinte valippam, upayogam, thaapanila polulla composting avasthakal ennivayude pravarthanamaanu ithu ethra thavana sambhavikkunnu ennathu. sajeeva choodullathumaaya compostinginu maasangal vendivannekkaam, athesamayam nishkriyavum thanuthathumaaya compostinginu varshangal vendivannekkaam. shariyaayi kaikaaryam cheiyunna unitukal inputtukalude ekadesham 10 sathamaanam ulppaadana alavu nalkunnu.
compostinte upayogam.
composting toylattukalil ninnulla vasthukkal humous polulla oru vasthukkalaan, ithu kaarshika mekhalaykku mannu bhedagathiyaayi anuyojyamaanu. residential composting toylattukalil ninnulla compoost garden poonthottangalil upayogikkaam, ithaanu pradhana upayogam.
compoost upayogichu mannu sambushtamaakkunnathu ganyamaaya naitrajan, phoosphoorus, pottasyam, kaarban, kaalsyam enniva cherkkunnu. ekkaaryathil compoost thotta storukalil ninnu vaangunna niravadhi valangalkkum valangalkkum thulyamaanu. composting toylattukalil ninnulla compostinu moothram vazhithirichuvidunna dry toylattil ninnulla unangiya malathekkaal uyarnna poshaka labhyathayund.
moothram saadhaaranayaayi undengilum chilath leaching, baashpeekaranam ennivayiloode nashtappedunnu. moothrathil sheshikkunna naitrajante 90 sathamaanavum phosphorasinte 50 sathamaanavum pottaasyatthinte 70 sathamaanavum vare adangiyirikkum.
eee shouchaalayangalil ninnu labhikkuna compostinu thathwathil malinajala cheli allengil munisippal jaiva maalinyangal polulla mattu jaiva maalinya uthppannangalil ninnu labhikkuna compostinte athe upayogamundu. ennirunnaalum, maalinyathil ninnu uruthirinja compoost upayogikkunnavar rogakaarikalude apakadasaadhyatha pariganikkanam.
farmaceutical avashishtangal.
maalinyathil ninnu uruthirinja compostil kurippadi marunnukal adangiyirikkaam. atharam avashishtangal parambaraagatha malinajala samskarana malineekaranathilum undu. ithu bhoogarbha jalathe malinamaakkiyekkaam. sameepa varshangalil bhoogarbhajalathil kandethiya marunnukalil antibioticukal, aantidiprasantukal, blud thinnarukal, easu inhibittarukal, kaalsyam-chaanal blockerukal, degoxin, eestrajan, projestrone, testostiron, ibuprofen, kafeen, carbamasepin, fibrateukal, collustroll kuraykkunna marunnukal enniva ulppedunnu. 30 muthal 95 sathamaanam vare aushadha marunnukal manushyashareeram puranthallunnu. lipophilic (kozhuppil layikkunna) marunnukal malamalinyangalil ninnu puranthallunnathiloode bhoogarbhajalathilethaan kooduthal saadhyathayund. malinajala samskarana plaantukal eee marunnukalil sharashari 60 sathamaanavum neekkam cheiyunnu. maalinyangal compoost cheyyumbol kedupaadukal sambhavicha marunnukalude sathamaanam ithuvare report cheythitilla.
charithram.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil vikasita rajyangalil, chila kandupiduthakkaarum shaasthranjarum pothujanaarogya udyogastharum composting toylattukalumaayi saamyamulla oru tharam dry toylattaaya "dry erthu klosattukal" upayogikkunnathine pinthunachu, ennirunnaalum manushya maalinyangal shekharikkunnathinulla paathram compoost cheiyunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheythitilla.
samoohavum samskaaravum.
chattangal.
internaashanal oorganaiseshan phoor standerdisation (aii. ezz. oo).
2016ll, internaashanal oorganaiseshan phoor standerdisation (aii. ezz. oo) staanderd "kudivellavum malinajala sevanangalumayi bandhapetta pravartthanangal-adisthaana oonn-saitt aabhyanthara malinajala sevanangalude maanejmentinulla maargganirddeshangal" prasidheekarichu. iso 24511-maayi samyojippichu upayogikkaan uddeshichulla eee maanadandam shouchaalayangal (composting toylattukal ulppede), toylet maalinyangal enniva kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. adisthaana malinajala samvidaanangalkku baadhakamaaya maarganirddeshangalil aasoothranam, upayogakshamatha, pravartthanavum paripalanavum, nirmarjanam, punarupayogam, aarogyam thudangiya samboornna gaarhika malinajala chakram ulppedunnu.
internaashanal association oof plumbing aandu mechanical officermaar.
pala vikasita raajyangalum sweekarikkunna oru plumbing, mechanical coode gadanayaanu internaashanal association oof plumbing aandu mechanical offeesers (iapmo). athu aduthide athinte "green plumbing mechanical coode supplementil" oru kootticherkkal nirddeshichu...moothram vazhithirichuvidunnathino koodaathe nirmmicha composting toylattukalum nirmmicha composting toylattukalum ulla saitt nirmmicha composting toylattukalude prakadana maanadandangal rooparekha cheiyunnu."ithu sweekarikkukayaanenkil, eee composting, yoorin diversion toylet coode (yunaittad stetsile itharathilulla aadyathethu) unifom plumbing kodilekkulla green supplementinte 2015 pathippil prathyakshappedum.
america.
composting toylattukalkkulla prakadana maanadandangalonnum amerikkayil saarvathrikamaayi amgeekarikkappettilla. vadakke amerikkayile ezhu adhikaaraparidhikal "american naashanal staanderd/enn. ezz. eph internaashanal staanderd aansi/enn. ezz. eph <aii. dii. 1>: noonn-liqvid saturated treatment sisttangal" upayogikkunnu. 2011ll oru update cheytha pathipp prasidheekarichu. sisttangal canadian staanderds association, settal-yuu. ezz, mattu staanderd prograamukal ennivayilum pattikappeduthiyekkaam.
upolppanna niyanthranathe sambandhichidatholam, pala yuu. ezz. samsthaanangalum composting toylattukalil ninnu (saadhaaranayaayi vividha tharam dry toylattukal thammilulla vyathyasam nirmmikkappedunnil) khananam cheiyunnathiloode kharapadaarthangal neekkam cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu, vyathyasthamo kuranjatho aaya aazham (6 inch vare). udaaharanathina
maalinyangale "valam" ennu vilikkaathidatholam kaalam (pakaram veruthe neekkam cheiyunna oru vasthu) dry toylattinte upolppannangalude mail paristhithi samrakshana agencic adikaaraparidhiyilla. ipa biosolids ruul" allengil "ipa sludge ruul" ennu pothuvaayi ariyappedunna federal ruul 503 valathinu maathrame baadhakamaakoo. athinaal, oro samsthaanavum composting toylattukal niyanthrikkunnu.
jarmmani.
germmaniyile composting toylattukaludeyum mattu tharatthilulla dry toylattukaludeyum niyanthranangal oro samsthaanathinum oro aaplikkeshanilum vyathyasthamaan (udha.jii. allotment gaardanukalilo kudumba veedukalilum vaasasthalangalilum upayogikkuka). germmaniyile vividha samsthaanangalil, athath samsthaanathinte "landesbourdnang" ("stettu sivil enchiniyaring regulations" ennu vivarthanam cheiyunnu) aanu atharam badal shouchaalayangalude upayogam niyanthrikkunnath. avayil bhooribhaagavum flush toylattukalude upayogam nirddeshikkunnu, ennirunnaalum hamberg, lover saxony, bawaria, mcclenberg-vestten pomerania, reinland-paalattinett, saxony-unhault, turingia ennee samsthaanangalil niravadhi ozhivaakkalukalund. pothujanaarogyathekkurichu aashankakalonnumillenkil veedukalil composting toylattukalude upayogathinu iva saadhaaranayaayi ozhivaakkunnu.
composting toylattukalil ninnu compostinteyum moothrathinteyum upayogam niyanthrikkunna niyanthranangal germmaniyil vyakthamallengilum ithu oraalude swantham swathil upayogikkukayum moonnaam kakshikalkk vilkkathirikkukayum cheythaal ithu saadhaaranayaayi anuvadaneeyamaanennu thonnunnu.
udaaharanagal.
finland.
finlandile graamapradesangalil valare kurravulla niravadhi gramangal munisippal jalavitharanavumaayo azhukkuchaal shringalayumaayo bandhippichitla, athinaal veettudamakalkku avarude swantham samvidaanangal pravarthippikkendathundu. vyakthigatha swakaarya kinarukal, i.iii. aazham kuranja kuzhicha kinarukaloo adithattile kuzhalkkuzhikalo palappozhum jalavitharanathinaayi upayogikkunnu, koodaathe pala veettudamakalum composting toylattukal thiranjedukkunnu. koodaathe, eee shouchaalayangal palappozhum sensitiivu jalaashayangalkk sameepam sthithi cheiyunna avadhikkala veedukalil saadhaaranamaanu. eee kaaranangalal, composting toylattukalude niravadhi nirmmathaakkal finlaandilaanu, biolan, ekkolatt, kekkila, pikkuvihre, raitta paristhithi ennivayulppede.
pramukha finnish composting toylet nirmmaathaakkalum finlandile aagola dry toylet association nadatthiya kanakkukal finlandile composting toylet upayogathinaayi 2014 leeii kanakkukal nalkki
jarmmani.
naalu nilakal vareyulla veedukalil composting toylattukal vijayakaramaayi sthaapichittundu. 2008 muthalulla oru kanakk prakaram germmaniyile veedukalil composting toylattukalude ennam 500 aanu. eee thaamasthalangalil bhooribhaagavum azhukkuchaal samvidaanavumaayi bandhippichirikkunnu; composting toylet sthaapikkappettathu azhukkuchaal samvidaanathinte abhavam moolamalla, marichu mattu kaaranangalal, pradhaanamaayum udamakalude "paaristhithika maanasikavastha" moolamaanu.
germmaniyilum austriyayilum composting toylattukalum mattu tharatthilulla dry toylattukalum otta, onniladhikam kudumba veedukalil sthaapichittundu (udha.jii. hamberg, freeberg, berlin), paaristhithika vaasasthalangal (udha.jii. hamberg-alarmohe, hamberg-bramvish, keel-hasse, beelfeld-waldkelle, weane-ganserndorff), pothu kettidangalilum (udha.jii. ookohouse rostokku, vhs-ookoosteshan stuttgaartt-wartberg, vinoda mekhalakalile pothu shouchaalayangal, aalpsile restorantukalum kudilukalum, house bottukal, phoorast kindergartenukal).
1982 muthal hamberg-alarmoheyile paaristhithika vaasasthalathu composting toylattukal undu. ekadesham 140 nivaasikalulla 36 otta kudumba veedukalude vaasasthalangalil composting toylattukal, mazhavella sambharanam, thanneerthadangal enniva upayogikkunnu. composting toylattukal oru parambaraagatha flush toylattumaayi (oru flushinu 10 littar) thaarathamyappeduthumbol prathidinam aalohari 40 littar vellam laabhikkunnu, ithu muzhuvan settilmentinum prathivarsham 2,044 cubic meter vare jalasechanam nalkunnu.
america.
vermontinte vanapradeshangalil green moundan club pathukke composting toylattukal sthaapichittundu. avaa onniladhikam nilavarakalum (thottilukal ennu vilikkunnu) chalikkaan kazhiyunna oru kettidavum upayogikkunnu. nilavarakalilonnu nirayumbol, kettidam shoonyamaaya nilavaraykku mukaliloode neekkunnu. muzhuvan nilavarayum shoonyamaakkunnathinu munbu kazhiyunnathra kaalam (moonnu varsham vare) sparshikkappedaathe vidunnu. valia uparithala vistheernavum vaayupravaahangalumaayulla sanbarkkavum koombaaram varandupokaan kaaranamakum. ithine prathirodhikkaan, adayaalangal upayokthaakkalkk toylattil moothramozhikkaan nirddeshikkunnu. club pitt shouchaalayangalum maracheeppukalum baahya composting ulla lalithamaaya bucket toylattukalum upayogikkunnu, koodaathe durgandhamulla vaayurahithamaya avasthakal thadayunnathinaayi vanathil moothramozhikkaan upayokthaakkale nirddeshikkunnu.
lokamembaadum.
oru valia composting kandeynarulla composting toylattukal (cleves multrum tharavum athil ninnu uruthirinjathum) america, canada, austreliya, nyoosiland, sweeden ennividangalil janapriyamaan. avaa vaanijya uthppannangalayi vaangaanum instaal cheyyaanum kazhiyum, svayam nirmmathaakkalkkulla designukalaayo vividha perukalil vipananam cheiyunna "design derivetteevukalaayo". ekadesham 10,000 itharam shouchaalayangal lokamembaadum upayogathilundaakumennu kanakkaakkappedunnu.

