
sahodari pallikal, norway

norwayile inlaandett kaundiyile graan munisippalittiyil parasparam aduthaayi nirmmicha panthrandaam noottaandile rund pallikalaanu sahodari pallikal (). norway palliyude bhagamaaya avaa granavolan graamathilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. hummer roopathayile hadland oog land prosttiyude (deanary) bhagamaaya graan/tingelstad edavakayude bhagamaanu avaa. 
panthrandaam noottaandinte avasaanathil neenda palli roopakalppanayil nirmmicha chaaraniratthilulla kallu kettidangalaanu rund pallikalum. vadakku sthithi cheiyunna palliye sent ennu vilikkunnu. nicolas pally thekk sthithi cheiyunna pally sent ennariyappedunnu. meriyude palli ().
praadeshika naadodikkadhakal anusarichu, ore palliyil kaanappedaattha rund sahodarimaaraanu pallikalkk chumatala nalkiyathu. ennirunnaalum, vyathyastha pravarthanangalulla madhyakala pallikal parasparam aduthu nirmmikkunnath asaadhaaranamalla. cheria maariyakirkkan oru ashramathinulla palliyayirikkaam, athesamayam nicolykarkkan oru saadhaarana edavaka palliyayirikkaam.
nikkolaikarken.
valia pallikale "nikkolaikarken" (sent. nicolas palli). 250 perkku irikkaavunna eee palli orupakshe hadland grameena edavakayude oru palliyayi pravarthichirunnu. pilkkala punarnirmmaanam kaaranam nirmmaanatthinte krithyamaaya theeyathi sthaapikkaan prayaasamaan, ennaal eee palli maariyaakirkkaninekkaal puthiyathaakaanaanu saadhyatha. ennirunnaalum, shailiparamaaya thelivukalude adisthaanathil, 1150 num 1200 num idayilaanu palli nirmmichathennu karuthappedunnu. uracha roman nirakalum plaasttar cheytha mathilukalum ulla oru basilica palliyaayaan palli nirmmichirikkunnathu. pathimoonnaam noottaandil gaayakasamghathinte aakruthiyum roopakalppanayum maattukayum valia gopuram nirmmikkappedukayum cheythath ivideyaanu. yadhaartha ulvashathinte bhooribhaagavum theepidutthatthilum thudarnnulla punarnirmmaanatthilum nashtappettu. thudakkathil, gopuratthinu oru uyarnna gopuram undaayirunnu, pakshe 1799-ll oru theepidutthatthil athu aprathyakshamaayi. 1860-kalil naveekaranatthilum aadhunikavalkkaranathilum madhyakaalakhattatthile kooduthal kashanagal palliyil ninnu aprathyakshamaayi. aaa nirmmaana padhathiyil palli adachupoottukayum pakaram maariyakirkkan upayogikkukayum cheythu.
1814ll eee palli oru thiranjeduppu palliyayi pravarthichu. norveyiludaneelamulla 300 ladhikam mattu edavaka pallikalkoppam, 1814 leeii norwayude bharanaghadana rachicha norwegian bharanaghadanaa asambliyilekkulla thiranjeduppinulla oru polling steshanaayirunnu ithu. norwayile aadya deseeya thiranjeduppaayirunnu ithu. oro sabhaa edavakayum "watermar" ennu vilikkappedunna aalukale thiranjedukkunna oru niyojakamandalamaayirunnu, avar pinneedu oro kaundiyilum othuchernnu aaa varsham avasaanam eedswolil cheraanirunna niyamasabhayude prathinidhikale thiranjedukkunnu.
maariyakirkkan.
pallikalil ettavum cheruth "maariyaakirken" (sent. merii charchu), orotta naav charchu, onnukil oru sanyasi palliyayo praadeshika graan edavakayude palliyayo pravarthichu. 1150 nuu munbu nirmmicha ithil romanesk, gothik gadakangal adangiyirikkunnu. parishkaranathinushesham, eee palli saadhaaranayaayi varshathil kurachu thavana maathrame upayogichirunnulloo. 1813ll palliyil idiminnal anubhavappedukayum theepiduttham undaavukayum athu palliye kathinashichu. palli sariyaakkaan panamillayirunnathinaal 1859 vare athu thakarnnadinjirunnu. 1859ll puthiya melkkoora puthiya janalukalum puthiya gopuravum cherthu palli nannakki. nikkolaikerken naveekaranathinaayi adaykkumbol eee palli upayogikkaan kazhiyunnathinaayaan eee punarnirmmaanatthinu kaaranam. 1912-1915 ll palli punasthaapikkukayum athu oru shmashana chappalaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. 1990-1992 ll palli punasthaapikkukayum naveekarikkukayum cheythu, athinusesham ithu oru edavaka palliyayi upayogikkunnu. 150 perkku irikkaan kazhiyum.
palliyude muttam.
palliyude thekkukizhakkan bhaagath oru madhyakala kallu gopuramundu, athinte yadhaartha pravartthanam anjjaathamaanu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyam muthal oru munny gopuramaayi upayogichirunna gopuram yadhaarthathil oru prathirodha gopuramaayo abhayasthaanamaayo upayogichirunnathaakam. pathinonnam noottaandile granavolan ranstoon nicolaayikkirkkanu pinnil kaanam.
sosterkirkeeninte gopurangal graan munisippaalittiyude adisthaana kottu oof ams roopeekarikkunnu. prashastha kaviyum pathrapravartthakanumaaya asmond olaafsan vinje sosterkirkkeynile semitheriyil samskarichu. shilpi brinjulf bergsleen nirmmicha vinjasinte prathimayulla oru smaarakam eee sthalathu sthaapichu.

