thala (bhaashaashaasthram)

bhaashaashaasthrathil, oru vaakyathinte thalayo nucleus allengil thalayotti aaa vaakyathinte vaakyaghadana vibhaagathe nirnnayikkunna padamaanu. udaaharanathinu, "chooduvellam thilappikkuka" enna naamapadatthinte thalayaanu "vellam" enna namam (thalanamam). samaanamaayi, oru samyukthathinte thala aaa samyukthathinte ardha vibhaagam nirnnayikkunna thandu aanu. udaaharanathinu, "handbagh" enna samyuktha naamatthinte thala "bagg" aanu, kaaranam oru handbagh oru bagaanu, kaiyalla. vaakyathinteyo samyukthathinteyo mattu gadakangal thalaye parishkkarikkunnu, athinaal avaa thalayude "aashrithar" aanu. thalayulla vaakyangaleyum samyukthangaleyum "endosentric" ennu vilikkunnu, athesamayam "exocentric" ("thalayillaatha") vaakyangalkkum samyukthangalkkum (avaa nilavilundenkil) vyakthamaaya thala illa. shaakhakalude disha nischayikkunnathil thalakal nirnaayakamaan. thala-prarambha vaakyangal valath-branching aanu, thala-avasana vaakyangal idathu-branching aanu, thala-madhya vaakyangal idathu-valath-branching samyojippikkunnu.
adisthaana udaaharanagal.
thaazhepparayunna padaprayogangal parishodhikkuka
naaya" enna vaakk "valia chuvanna naaya" yude thalayaanu, kaaranam ithu oru naamavaakyamaanu, allathe oru naamavachaka vaakyamallenn nirnnayikkunnu. valia", "chuvapp" ennee naamaviseshakal eee thalanaamathe parishkkarikkunnathinal avaa athinte "aashrithar" aanu. athupole, "pakshisangatham" enna samyuktha naamatthil, samyukthathinte adisthaana ardham nirnnayikkunnathinaal thandu "gaanam" thalayaanu. pakshi" enna thandu eee ardham parishkkarikkunnu, athinaal ithu "gaanam" aasrayichirikkunnu. "pakshisangatham" oru tharatthilulla gaanamaan, oru tharatthilulla paksiyalla. neremarichu, eee samyukthathile thandu "pakshi" aayathinal "songbird" oru tharam pakshiyaanu. vaakyangalude thala palappozhum niyojakamandala parishodhanakaliloode thirichariyaan kazhiyum. udaaharanathinu, "bigg redu dogg" enna padatthinu pakaram oru vaakk maattisthaapikkunnathinu pakaram oru namam (allengil sarvanaamam) aayirikkanam, allathe oru naamavaachakamalla.
thalakale prathinidheekarikkunnu.
marangal.
vaakyaghadanayude pala sidhaanthangalum vrukshaghadanakaliloode thalakale prathinidheekarikkunnu. eee marangal rund bandhangalil onninte adisthaanathil krameekarichirikkunnu onnukil vaakyaghadana vyaakaranangalude "niyojakamandalam" bandham allengil ashrita vyaakaranangalude "aashrithathvam" bandham. rund bandhangalum thaazhepparayunna marangalumayi chithreekarichirikkunnu
niyojakamandala bandham idathuvashathum aashrithathvam bandham valathuvasathum kaanichirikkunnu. eiii-marangal thalakale kattagari labelukaliloode thirichariyumbol bii-marangal eee vaakkukal labelukalaayi upayogikkunnu. kathakal" (enn) enna namam "funny" (eiii) enna naamavaachakathinu mukalilaanu. idathuvashathulla niyojakamandalatthile marangalil, namam athinte kattagari staattas mother nooad vare project cheiyunnu, angane muzhuvan vaakyavum oru naamavaakyamaayi (enpi) thirichariyappedunnu. valathuvashathulla dependency treakalil, namam orotta nooad maathrame project cheiyunnulloo, athil eee nooad adjective project cheiyunna oru nodil aadhipathyam pulartthunnu, ithu oru enpi aayi poornnamaayum thirichariyunna oru saahacharyamaan. niyojakamandalatthile marangal gadanaaparamaayi avayude aashrithathva athiraalikalkku thulyamaanu, oreyoru vyathyasam thalayum aashritharum adayaalappeduthunnathinu vyathyasthamaaya oru kanvenshan upayogikkunnu ennathaanu. eee marangal upayogichu chithreekarichirikkunna kanvenshanukal thalayeyum ashrithareyum thirichariyaan vyaakarana vidagdhar upayogikkunna vividha upakaranagalil chilath maathramaan. mattu kanvenshanukal dhaaraalamaanengilum avaa saadhaaranayaayi ivide chithreekarichirikkunnava samaanamaan.
kooduthal marangal.
mukalilulla naalu marangal oru thala-anthima ghadana kaanikkunnu. thaazhepparayunna marangal thala-avasana gadanakalum thala-prarambha, thala-madhya gadanakalum chithreekarikkunnu. niyojakamandalatthile marangal (= eiii-marangal) idathuvashathum ashrita marangal (= bii-marangal) valathuvasathum kaanapedunnu. inii muthal nodukalile labelukalaayi vaakkukal drishyamaakunna sthalangalil kanvenshan upayogikkunnu. adutha naalu marangal thala-avasana vaakyangalude adhika udaaharanangalaanu
thaazhepparayunna aarr marangal prarambha vaakyangal chithreekarikkunnu
thaazhepparayunna aarr marangal thala-idatharam vaakyangalude udaaharanangalaanu
ividuthe head-medial niyojakamandalatthile marangal kooduthal parambaraagathamaaya enn-aarii shaakhakalude vishakalanam oohikkunnu. chila pramukha vaakyaghadana vyakaranangal (udha.jii. gavanmentileyum binding sidhaanthathileyum minimalist prograamileyum mikka pravartthanangalum) ellah shaakhakalum bainari aayi edukkunnu, eee head-medial eiii-trease vivaadamaayirikkaam.
ex-baar marangal.
ex-baar schema adisthaanamaakkiyulla marangal thalayude chithreekaranam nereyallengilum thala-prarambha, thala-avasana, thala-madhya vaakyangal amgeekarikkunnu. engleeshile staanderd ex-baar schema iprakaaramaanu
eee ghadana prarambha thalavum avasana thalayumaanu, ithu oru ardhathil athine thala-madhyamaakkunnu. thala x0 athinte poorakatthinu munbullathinaal ithu thala-praarambhamaanu, ennaal thalayude projection x 'athinte nirddishtatthe pinthudarunnathinaal ithu thala-avasaanamaan.
head-iniishyal vii. thala-avasana bhashakal.
chila bhasha typologistukal bhasha vaakyaghadanaye oru head direction paaraameettar anusarichu padakramatthil tharamthirikkunnu, athaayath, oru vaachakam "head-iniishyal" (= raitt-branching) allengil "head-final" (= lephtt-branching) aanenkilum, athinu oru nischitha padha kramamundennu karuthuka. france kaafkayude "dhii metamorphosis" enna aadya vaakyathile inipparayunna dependency trea chithreekarichirikkunnathu, head-finalinekkaal engleesh kooduthal praarambhamaana
engleesh praadhamikamaayi oru prarambha bhaashayaayirikkunnathinte vyaapthi eee vruksham kaanikkunnu. samsaaravum prosessing idathuninnu valathottu neengumbol ghadana thaazhottaanu. mikka dependensikalum athinte dependent (kall) kalkk munbulla thalayaanu, ennirunnaalum maratthil head-final dependensikalum undu. udaaharanathinu, nirnnayaka-naamavum naamavachaka-naama avalambanakalum thala-avasaanavum vishaya-kriya aashrithathvangalumaanu. ennirunnaalum, engleeshile mattu aashrithathvangal trea kaanikkunnathupole aadyaghattathilaanu. thala-prarambha, thala-avasana gadanakalude sammishra swabhaavam bhaashakaliludaneelam saadhaaranamaanu. vaasthavathil poornnamaayum prarambha allengil poornnamaayum thala-anthima bhashakal nilavilillayirikkaam, ennirunnaalum eee kaaryatthil vishudhiye sameepikkunna chila bhaashakalund, udaaharanathinu japanese.
thaazhepparayunna vruksham kaafkayude kathayile athe vaakyamaan. lehmann sthaapichavayaanu glossing kanvenshanukal. jappankar ethratholam final thalappathu nilkkunnuvennu eluppathil kaanaan kazhiyum
japanese bhaashayile thalaye aasrayikkunna oordaringukalil bhooribhaagavum head-finalaanu. samsaaravum samskaranavum idathuninnu valathottu neengumbol ghadana shakthamayi kayarunnathinal eee vrukshathil eee vastutha vyakthamaan. athinaal japanese enna vaakkinte kramam oru ardhathil engleeshinu vipareethamaanu.
head marking vii. ashrita adayaalappeduthal.
oru vaachakam thala adayaalappeduthukayaano atho ashrita adayaalappeduthukayaano ennathine aashrayich bhasha roopaghadanaye tharamthirikkunnathum saadhaaranamaanu. ashritharekkurichulla enthengilum thalayude roopathe swaadheenikkunnundengil, thalayekkurichulla enthengilum aashritharude roopathe swaadheenikkunnundengil, thannirikkunna aashrithathvam ashrita-adayaalappeduthalaanu.
udaaharanathinu, engleesh swathuaparamaaya kesil, aashritan (udama) ennathil swathuaparamaaya adayaalam ("kall") prathyakshappedunnu, athesamayam hungarian swathuaparamaaya adayaalam thalanaamathil drishyamaakunnu
prosodic thala.
oru prosodic yoonittil, aadyathe sammarddamulla aksharam muthal tonic aksharam vare (ulppeduthaathe) vyaapikkunna bhagamaanu thala. thala aarambikkukayum pichil uyarnnathum saadhaaranayaayi tonic aksharatthile toninte prarambha pichinekkaal uyarnnathumaaya stressed aksharamaanu uyarnna thala. udaaharanathina
buzz vaikiyaan vannath.
thala aarambikkukayum pichil thazhnnathaayirikkukayum cheiyunna aksharamaanu loow head, saadhaaranayaayi tonic aksharatthile toninte prarambha pichinekkaal kuravaanu.
buzz vaikiyaan vannath.

