
anglo-spanish yuddham (1625-1630)

1625 muthal 1630 vareyulla anglo-spanish yuddham dutch republicumaayum speyinumaayum sakhyamundaakki englandu nadatthi. dachukaarum spaanishukaarum thammilulla enpathu varshathe yudhavumaayi bandhapetta oru samgharshamaaya eee pooraattatthinte bhooribhaagavum kadalilvechu nadannathum erekkure anishchithathvathilumaayirnu. 
pashchaathalam.
1618ll vishudha roman saamrajyathinullil muppath varshathe yuddham pottippurappettathum 1622ll spain dutch republic thammilulla enpathu varshathe yuddham puthukkiyathum eee kaalaghattatthile europian nayathil aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunnu. protestant dachukalodulla janakeeya aveshavum catholica ethir-naveekaranatthinte vijayathil ashankayum undaayirunnittum, engleesh pankaalittham saambathika pinthunayilum sannadhapravarthakarude vyavasthayilum parimithappedutthiyirunnu. prashnatthinte swabhaavathekkurichum athu engane pariharikkaamennathinekkurum engleesh kireedavum paarlamentum thammilulla abhipraayavyathyaasamaanu ithinu pradhaanamaayum kaaranam. 
vishudha roman chakravartthiyude catholica anantharaavakaashiyaaya ferdinand randaamanu pakaram paalattinettile protestant frederic vii bohemiyayude kireedam sveekarichappozhaanu muppath varshathe yuddham aarambhichath. 1619-ll frederic bohemiyayil ninnu purathaakkappettu, athesamayam dachukarumaayulla yuddham puthukkunnathinulla thayyaareduppinaayi spanish sainyam addehathinte electoral paalattinettinte paarambarya bhoomi kaivashappedutthi. kaaranam, scotlandileyum englandileyum rajaavaaya jaims aaraamanteyum onnaamanteyum marumakanaayirunnu frederic. 
yuddham.
1624 leeii paarlament moonnu subsidikalkkum moonnu pathinanjum vottu cheythu, yudhathinte prosecutionaayi ekadesham 300,000 poundu, oru naavika yudhathinaayi chelavazhikkanamenna vyavasthakalode. ekkaalatheyum samaadhaanavaadiyaaya jaims yuddham prakhyapikkaan visammathichu, vaasthavathil orikkalum angane cheythilla. addehathinte pingamiyaaya chaals onnaamanaan 1625ll yuddham prakhyaapichathu.
bredayude uparodham.
1624 augustil spanish general doonn ambrosio spinola dutch nagaramaya breda uparodhikkaan thante sainyathodu utharavittu. 7,000 dutch sainikarude oru kaaval seena eee nagaratthe kanatha kottakettukayum samrakshikkukayum cheythu. spinola athivegam thante prathirodham shekharikkukayum thante saadhanangal vichedikkaan sramikkunna ooranchu rajakumaaranaaya nassaavinte mourisinte keezhil oru dutch durithaashwaasa sainyathe thurathukayum cheythu. 1625 februvariyil sarr hooras verinteyum ernst voonn mansfeldinteyum keezhil 7,000 engleesh sainikar adangunna mattoru durithaashwaasa sena parajayappettu.
oduvil, pathinonnu maasathe uparodhathin sesham 1625 juunil nassavuvile justin breda spaniardukalkku keezhadakki.
cadis paryaveshanam.
1625 oktobarode ekadesham 100 kappalukalum 15,000 naavikarum sainikarum cadees paryaveshanathinaayi thayyarayi. dachukaarumaayi oru sakhyam roopeekarikkukayum engleesh pradhana kappalppadayude abhaavathil engleesh chaanal samrakshikkaan sahaayikkunnathin nassaavile vilyam commanderude neethrthwathil 15 yudhakkappalukal koodi ayaykkaan puthiya sakhyakakshikal sammathikkukayum cheythu. dachukaarumaayi sevanamanushtichirunna yudhathil kadinamaaya oru muthirnna sainikanaaya sarr edward sesiline buckingham prabhuvu paryaveshanatthinte kamaandaraayi niyamichu, eee thiranjeduppu thettayi kanakkakkappettu. sessil oru nalla pattaalakkaaranaayirunnu, pakshe addehathinu samudra vishayangalekkurich kaaryamaaya arivillaayirunnu.
aasoothrithamaaya paryaveshanatthil niravadhi gadakangal ulppettirunnu vilayeriya vasthukkal niracha amerikkayil ninnu madangunna spanish nidhi kappalukale marikadakkuka; spanish vitharana shringalaye durbalappeduthunnathiloodu spanish sambadvyavasthaye aakramikkuka enna uddeshyathode spanish pattanangale aakramikkuka, thalphalamaayi paalattinettile vottarmaarude melulla sainika sammarddam laghookarikkuka.
muzhuvan paryaveshanavum prahasanathilekku veenu. engleesh sainyam praadhaanyam kuranja oru pazhaya kotta pidichedukkaan samayam paazhaakkukayum kaadisine athinte prathirodhatthinu pinnil poornnamaayum aninirakkaan samayam nalkukayum ulkkadalile vyapara kappalukale rakshappedaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu. tudor kaalaghattathekkaal valia purogathiyaaya nagaratthinte aadhunikavalkkaricha prathirodham phalapradamaanennu thelinju. athesamayam, engleesh senayude oru samgham theerathu ninnu thaazhekku erangi nagaratthilekku march cheyyukayum mosham achadakkam kaaranam side track cheyyappedukayum cheythu. oduvil, kuranjuvarunna vitharanathe abhimukheekaricha engleesh senayude kamaandaraaya sarr edward sessil, kurachu saadhanangal pidichedukkukayum speyinil oru swaadheenavum undakkaathirikkukayum cheythukondu englandilekku madangukayallaathe mattoru maargavumillenn theerumaanichu. angane desemberil takarnna oru kappalppada naattilekku madangi.
englandile chaals onnaaman, swantham antass buckingham samrakshikkunnathinaayi, adhinivesha kappal nannayi vitharanam cheyyappedunnuvennu urappakkunnathil parajayappetta addeham, cadis paryaveshanatthinte paraajayatthinte kaaranam anweshikkaan oru shramavum nadatthiyilla. laa roshalile franch huganottukalude duravasthayil svayam vyaapruthanaaya chaals paraajayatthilekku kannadachu. ennaal house oof koomans shamikkaan kazhiyathathaayi thelinju. 1626 leeii paarlament buckingham raajakumaaranethire impeachment prakriya aarambhichu, ithu vijayakaramaya impeachment apakadappeduthunnathinape paarlament pirichuvidaan chaals onnaamane prerippichu.
aakramanathinte parajayam englandinu gurutharamaaya prathyaaghaathangal srishtichu. saambathikavum maanushikavumaya nashtatthinu purame, athu engleesh kireedatthinte prashasthikk kedupaadukal varuthukayum rajyath gurutharamaaya raashtreeyavum saambathikavumaaya prathisandhi srishtikkukayum cheythu.
1627-1628.
buckingham prabhuvu franch reejantaaya kardinal richeliyoyumaayi franch hyooganottukalkkethiraaya pooraattatthil richelio sahayikkaan engleesh kappalukalkkayi charcha nadatthi, paalattinettile vottarmaare adhinivesham cheiyunna spaanishinethire franch sahaayathin pakaramaayi, ennaal engleesh protestantumaarumaayi franch protestantumaarumaayi pooraadunna chinthayil englandu paarlament veruppum bheethiyum prakadippichu. eee padhathi kodathiyil kriptto-katholikkathayekkurichulla avarude bhayathinu aakkam koottuka maathramaan cheythath. thante samrambhathinte parajayam richeliu nadatthiya vanchanayude falamaanennu vishwasicha buckingham, kardinal richeliyuyude niravadhi shathrukkalkkidayil oru sakhyam roopeekarichu, athil addeham aduthide akramicha huganottukalkkulla pinthuna ulppedunnu.
buckingham prabhuvinte neethrthwathilulla engleesh senaye franch rajakeeya sainyam sent-martin-dii-reyude uparodhathilum laa roshell uparodhathilum paraajayappeduthi. eee prachaaranatthil engleeshukaarkku 7,000 sainikarulla 4,000-thiladhikam pere nashtappettu. 1628 august 23nuu englandile porttsmoutthil randaamathe akramanam samghadippikkave, laa roshell uparodhathil parikketta joonn felton enna sainika udyogasthan buckinghamine greyhound pabbilwech kuthikkonnu.
1626-29 enna dutch kalapam.
bredayude keezhadangalinushesham, 61,670 kaalalppadayum 5,853 kuthirapadayum ulppedunna avarude sainyathe recruit cheyyaan samsthaanangal utharavittu; avaril 20,000 perr engleeshukaarum skottishukaarumaayirunnu. chaals rajaavu valarthukayum hollandlake ayaykkukayum cheytha engleesh rejimentukalaayirunnu eee naalil. eee senayude oru bhagam 1626-leeii venalkkaalath patthu divasathe bombaakramanathinu sesham pidicheduttha spanish kaivashamulla oldensaal nagaratthilekku ayachu. adutha varsham engleeshukaar edward sesilinte keezhilaayirunnu, koodaathe gronlo nagaram uparodhikkaan sambhavana nalki. hendrick vaan denne berginte neethrthwathilulla oru spanish durithaashwaasa seena kadannupokaan paraajayappedukayum athinte falamaayi nagaram ooranchu rajakumaaranaaya dutch commander frederic henrique keezhadangukayum cheythu. 1629-ll, spanish shakthikendramaaya ezz-hertogenbosh frederic henriyude 28,000 peradangunna sainyam uparodhikkukayum pidichedukkukayum cheythu, athil hooras vere commander cheytha niravadhi engleesh, scotish rejimentukal ulppedunnu.
sent. kittsum nevis.
1629-ll, caribean dveepukalaaya sent kitsilum nevisilum aduthide sthaapithamaaya anglo-franch kolanikale kaikaaryam cheyyaan admiral doonn fadrik dii toladoyude neethrthwathil oru spanish naavika paryaveshanam ayachu. 1498ll spanish dveepukal kandethiyathum engleesh, franch kolanikal spanish vestt indeesinu bheeshaniyaayi kanakkakkaan paryaapthamaayi valarnnathum muthal eee pradeshangale spanish saamrajyam svanthamaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. sent yudhathil. kittukal, rund dveepukalileyum kanatha aayudhadhaarikalaaya vaasasthalangal nasippikkappedukayum spanish dveepukal pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
anantharafalangal.
1629ll fraansumaayi oru samadhana udambadi charcha cheythukondu muppath varshathe yudhathil englandu thangalude pankaalittham maatti. athinusesham haamilttan rajakumaran erl oof craven aaa samgharshathil sweeden raajaavinte keezhil ithinakam sevanamanushticha aayirakkanakkin scotish, engleesh koolippadayaalikale pinthunachukondu vishudha roman saamrajyathilekkulla paryaveshanangal nadatthi. anglo-spanish yuddham avasaanichittum haamilttante nikuthi uyarthi. koodaathe engleesh sainikar samsthaana sainyathinte valiyoru bhaagamaakumenkilum 1630 nuu sesham avarude shambalathil frederic henriyudeyum hooras vereyudeyum keezhil thudarnnulla varshangalil mastrict, rainberg nagarangal thirichupidichu. kenal chaals morgante neethrthwathil 1637ll engleesh sainyavumayi breda thirichupidichu.
1629ll maanduvaan pinthudarchaavakaashikalude yudhathinte varavode spain englandumaayi samadhaanam thedukayum angane aayudangal nirthalaakkaanum ambaasadarmaarude kaimattavum krameekarikkukayum cheythu. november 15nuu madrid udambadi oppuvaykkukayum athu yuddham avasanippikkukayum angane 'nilavile sthithi' punasthaapikkukayum cheythu. yudhaanantharam kanatha kasttams theeruva moolam labhakaramaaya flemish thuni vipanikal nashtamaaya englandinu ithu oru vilayeriya parajayamaayi thelinju. samgharshathinte parajayavum janapreethiyillaathathumaaya phalam engleesh aabhyantharayudhathinu munbu aarambhicha rajavaazhchayum paarlamentum thammilulla tharkkangalkk aakkam koottukayum, 1625 leeii spainumaayulla yudhathinte chelavukalum thettaaya maanejmentum sambandhichathaayirunnu mahathaaya prathishedhatthil chaals onnaamanethire aadyathe kuttam.

