
hakkatta bay

 japanese dveepaaya kyushuvil phukuvoka nagaratthinte vadakkupadinjaaran bhaagathulla oru ulkkadalaanith. ithu sushima kadalidukkinu abhimukhamaayi kadaltheerangalum oru thuramukhavum avatharippikkunnu, ennirunnaalum phukuvoka nagaratthinte vipuleekaranathil ulkkadalinte chila bhagangal veendeduthu. 1274lum 1281lum jappaanile mangolian adhiniveshangalkk eee ulkkadal orupakshe ettavum prashasthamaan; rund adhiniveshangaleyum chilappol "hakkatta ulkkadal yuddham" ennu vilikkunnu."
bhoomishaasthram.
vadakku shoal-umi-noow-nakamichi, tombolo shika-noow-shima (shika dweep), vadakkupadinjaaru "jenkay-jima" (jenkay dweep), padinjaaru ittoshima upadveep ennivayaanu ulkkadalinte nirvachanam. ulkkadalile phukuvoka nagara athirthiyile anchu vaardukal, chilappol bhoopadangalil "phukuvoka bay" ennu label cheyyappedunnu. chilappol, ulkkadal hakkatta, phukuvoka, imasu ulkkadalukalayi vibhajikkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum laalithyathinaayi, "hakkatta ulkkadal" enna padam saadhaaranayaayi catch-ool aayi upayogikkunnu-iva moonnum soochippikkunnu.
ekadesham 133 chathurashra kilometer visthruthiyulla eee ulkkadal vadakku ninnu thekkott ekadesham 10 kilometerum kizhakk ninnu padinjaaru 20 kilometerum visthruthiyullathaanu. theerapradesham 128 kilometer vyaapichukidakkunnu. kadalidukkinte thiramaalakalil ninnu oru paridhivare samrakshikkunna ulkkadalinte mukhathinu 7.7 kilometer veethiyundu. veliyettangal jalanirappil rund meter maattam konduvarunnundengilum ulkkadalinu sharashari 10 meter maathrame aazhamulloo, athinte ettavum aazhameriya sthaanathu 23 meter maathrame ulloo. athinaal, kappalukalude drafttukal samrakshikkaan ulkkadaliloode settu roottukal upayogikkunnu.
meiji kaalaghattatthinu munbu bhoomi veendedukkal ettedukkaan thudangukayum yudhaananthara kaalaghattatthil thudarukayum cheythu. 1945 muthal, thuramukhathinte phalapradamaaya pravartthanam mechappeduthunnathino shakthippeduthunnathino vendi ulkkadalil ninnu 1167 chathurashra kilometer bhoomi veendeduthu. 1994ll oru krithrima dweep srishtikkaan thudangi, athine "ailand sitti" (irelandity, "irendoshity") ennu vilikkunnu.
eee pradeshathe chila prathyeka marangal chakravarty jinguvinte moonnaam noottaandile corian adhiniveshathil upayogichirunna kappalukalude thoonukal aanennu parayappedunnu. oru bhoomishaasthraparamaaya thakaraarinte bhagamaaya ulkkadalinu thaazheyulla maikkayudeyum pegmattaittinteyum sirakal sarkkar samrakshanathilaanu.
eee pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagavum jenkay desheeyodyaanathil ulppeduthiyittundu, ulkkadalilum dveepukalilum prakrithi savisheshathakalum paristhithiyum paripalikkaanum samrakshikkanum sramangal nadakkunnu. theerapradeshatthinte bhooribhaagavum prakrithidathamaanenkilum, chila bhagangal, prathyekichu thuramukhathum parisaratthum, krithrimavum vikasippichathumaan; ulkkadalinte theerapradesham, oru paridhivare kroorathayode, prakrithidatha vanavum parkland ennu audyogikamaayi namakaranam cheyyappettu.
dveepukal.
ulkkadalilo chuttupaadukalilo niravadhi cheria dveepukal sthithicheyyunnu.
charithram.
moonnaam noottaandilum kofun kaalaghattatthilum ulkkadalum chuttumulla vaasasthalangalum sajeeva pradhaanappettathumaaya sthalangalaayirunnu. valia praadhaanyamulla niravadhi charitra vyakthithvangal hakkaattayiloode kadannupokukayo avide thaamasikkukayo cheythu, koodaathe niravadhi pradhana sambhavangal avide sambhavichu. phukuvoka kottayude avashishtangal ulkkadalilaan sthithicheyyunnathu, niravadhi noottaandukalaayi avide oru sajeeva thuramukham nilavilundu.
pothuvarsham 57-nuu thanne eee pradesham chaina amgeekarichathaayi parayappedunnu. hahn chakravarthiyaaya gwangwu praadeshika nethaakkalkku oru swarnna mudra nalkiyathaayum, annu naa noow kuni (<unk>, naa raajyam allengil naa pravishya) ennu vilikkappettirunna pradeshathinmel avarude adikaaram amgeekarikkukayo (allengil nalkukayo cheythathaayum vishwasikkappedunnu. moonnaam noottaandil chainees rajyamaaya cavo veyiyil ninnulla doothanmaar ethi, eee thuramukhathu ninnu chakravarthini jinku korea akramikkaan aarambhichathayi parayappedunnu. ezhaam noottaandode, tang chainayilekkulla audyogika dauthyangal ayaykkukayum sweekarikkukayum cheytha thuramukhamaayirunnu hakkatta.
663-ll hakkusukino yudhathil yamaatto (jappan), bekke ennivayude paraajayathetthudarnnu, silla, chaina ennividangalil ninnulla akramanangalekkurichu bhayam uyarnnu, ulkkadalinu chuttumulla pradeshangal shakthippeduthi. nihon shoki" yill eee pradeshathekkurichulla (chikkushi enna peril) aadya paramarsham eee kaalaghattavumaayi poruthappedunnu.
eee thuramukhathiloode chainayilekku yaatra cheytha niravadhi prashastharil oraalaayirunnu kookkaay. 806-ll addeham jappanilekku madangukayum thottadutthu tocho-jii kshethram sthaapikkukayum cheythu. chainayile ambasadaraayirunna sugawara noow mishisane, kyottoyile kodathiyil mattu niravadhi unnatha padavikal vahicha sesham, 901-ll hakkaattayile oru thasthikayilekku tharamthaazhthappettu. 939-ll thyra noow masacadoyude kalaapathe ethirtha fujiwara noow sumittomo, rund varshathinu sesham hakkaattayilekk palayanam cheythu, avide addeham pidikkappedukayum kollappedukayum cheythu.
jappaanile eshyan vankarayude ettavum aduthulla pradhana ulkkadalum thuramukhavum enna nilayil, charithrathiludaneelam koriyayumaayum chainayumaayum nayathanthrathilum vyaapaarathilum hakkatta pradhana punk vahichittundu. ennirunnaalum, ithu japanese dveepukal akramikkunnathinulla shramangalude oru pradhana aakramana kendramaakki maatti. 1019leeii toy adhiniveshathil, jurchens aduthulla niravadhi dveepukal pidichedutthu, avaye hakkatta akramikkunnathinum akramikkunnathinum thaavalangalayi upayogichu.
1268-laanu mangolian doothanmaar aadyamaayi athiyathu, aarr varshathinu sesham jappaanile mangolian adiniveshangalil aadyathethu pratheekshichukondu kyooshuvile ellah samuraay sainyangalum aninirannu. november 19nuu hakkata ulkkadalinte theerathu erangunnathinu munbu kublay khaante sainyam sushima ikki dveep pidichedutthu. aakramanakaarikale oduvil pinthirippikkukayum thudarnnulla varshangalil vipulamaaya kottayorukka sramangal nadathukayum cheythu. 1281ll randaamathe adhinivesham ethi, athupole thanne athu pinthirippikkappettu. jappaaneesil bunai, coan yudhangal ennu paraamarshikkappedunnumdum eee rund adhinivesha sramangaleyum engleesh srothassukalil "hakkatta ulkkadal yuddham" ennu vilikkunnu."
1336 eprilil, ulkkadalile tadaara-noow-hamayil, ashikaga thakauji kikuchi thakethoshiyude neethrthwathilulla goo-diagoyude sakhyakakshikalaya kikuchi vamshathinethire oru senaye nayichu. vijayiyaya, thakauji "otta strockil ashikaga nethaavu cushiyude phalatthil maastaraayi."
jesuit missionary francis seviyar hiradoyil ninnu keoyilekkulla vazhiyil hakkatta kadannupoyi.
edo kaalaghattatthil (<aii. dii. 1>), anthaaraashtra vyaapaaramo yathrayo tokugawa shogunett nirodhichirunnathinaal aabhyanthara vyaapaarathin maathrame hakkatta kaikaaryam cheythirunnulloo. 1899ll anthaaraashtra vyaapaarathinaayi veendum thuranna hakkatta randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinethudarnnu, japanese sinikareyum kolanikalil thamasikkunna sivilian pouranmaareyum thirichayacha praadhamika thuramukhangalilonnaayirunnu ithu. yudhaananthara kaalaghattatthiludaneelam oru pradhana thuramukhamaayi thudarnna hakkatta innum eee pravartthanam nadathunnu.

