
uyarnna harmonic thalamura

hye harmonic janareshan (echu. echu. jii) ennathu oru lakshyathe (vaathakam, plasma, khara allengil draavaka sample) theevramaaya lazer pulse kondu prakashippikkunna oru noonn-leanier prakriyayaan. atharam saahacharyangalil, sample janareshan beam (anchaamathe harmonicinu mukalil) uyarnna harmonics purappeduvikkum. prakriyayude yojicha swabhaavam kaaranam, uyarnna harmonics janareshan attosekkand physixinte oru munvyavasthayaanu.
aswasthathayundaakkunna harmonic thalamura.
ω" enna aavruthiyilulla lazer prakashavum "ωω" enna phottoon oorjjavum upayogichu prakaashatthinte puthiya aavruthikal srishtikkaan kazhiyunna oru prakriyayaan perterbative harmonic janareshan. puthuthayi srishtikkappetta aavruthikal yadhaartha prakaashatthinte aavruthiyude "nω" enna poornnasamkhyayude gunithangalaanu. 1961ll franken mattullavarum chernnaanu eee prakriya aadyamaayi kandethiyathu.kristalin quarts nonleeniyar maadhyamamaayi ulla oru rubie lazer upayogikkunnu.
dialectric kharapadaarthangalile harmonic janareshan nannayi manassilakkukayum aadhunika lazer physixil vyaapakamaayi upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu (randaam harmonic janareshan kaanuka). 1967-ll nyoo thudangiyava. oru vaathakathile aadyathe moonnaamathe harmonic uthppaadanam nireekshichu. monetomic vaathakangalil samamiti kaaranangalal maathrame ottasamkhyayulla harmonics utppaadippikkaan kazhiyoo. aswasthathayundaakkunna (durbalamaaya feeld) bharanathile harmonic uthppaadanathinte savisheshatha vardhichuvarunna harmonic kramathodoppam karyakshamatha athivegam kurayunnu ennathaanu. enn" photonukal agiranam cheiyunna oru aattam pariganichu uyarnna oorjjamulla oru phottoon purappeduvikkunnathiloodi eee swabhaavam manassilakkaan kazhiyum. prarambha harmonic theevrathakalile druthagathiyilulla kuravine vishadeekarikkunna "n" vardhikkunnathinanusaricha "n" photonukal agiranam cheyyaanulla saadhyatha kurayunnu.
vikasanam.
1977ll khara lakshyangalil ninnu uthppaadippikkunna plaasmayumaayi theevramaaya qoo2 lazer pulsukalude prathipravartthanathilaanu aadyathe uyarnna harmonic uthpaadanam nireekshikkappettath. innu prayogatthil valare vyapakamaaya vaathakangalile echu. echu. jii. 1987 ll mcferson sahapravarthakarum pinneedu ferrey mattullavarum aadyamaayi nireekshichu. 1988-ll, athisayakaramaaya phalangalode pratheekshichathupole kuranja oordarukalil uyarnna haarmoniksinte theevratha kurayunnathaayi kandethi, ennaal pinneedu oru peedabhoomi roopappedunnathu nireekshikkappettu, haarmoniksinte theevratha pala oordarukalilum ekadesham sthiramaayi thudarunnu.
noorukanakkinu iii. vii. yill vyaapichukidakkunna pletto harmonics alannittundu, ithu sophtt ex-reey samvidaanathilekku vyaapikkunnu. eee peedabhoomi hye harmonic katt-oof enna sthaanathu pettennu avasaanikkunnu.
swathukkal.
uyarnna harmonixinu niravadhi rasakaramaaya gunangalundu. driving lesarumaayi samanvayippikkukayum athe aavarthana nirakkil uthppaadippikkukayum cheiyunna xuv/sophtt ex-rekalude tunable table-topp uravidamaanu avaa. harmonic katt-oof lazer theevratha vardhippikkunnathinop harmonic uthppaadanam nirthunna saachureshan theevratha vare rekheeyamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu. aattomik speesheesukale bharam kuranja nooble vaathakangalayi maattunnathiloode saachureshan theevratha vardhippikkaan kazhiyum, ennaal ivaykku kuranja parivartthana kaaryakshamathayund, athinaal aavashyamaaya phottoon oorjjathe aashrayich oru balance kandethaam.
uyarnna harmonic uthppaadanam driving lazer feeldine shakthamayi aasrayichirikkunnu, athinte falamaayi harmonixinu samanamaaya thaalkkaalikavum speshyal coherance gunangalumundu. driving laserinekkaal kuranja pulse dairkhyamulla uyarnna harmonics palappozhum srishtikkappedunnu. janareshan prakriyayude nonleeniyaritti, phase matching, ionization ennivayaanu ithinu kaaranam. palappozhum ghattam poruthappedutthal vyavastha niravettumbol valare cheria thaalkkaalika jaalakathil maathrame harmonics uthppaadippikkappedukal. ionization kaaranam uthppaadippikkunna maadhyamangalude ksheenam ardhamaakkunnathu harmonic uthppaadanam pradhaanamaayum driving pulsinte munvashath parimithappedutthiyirikku ennaanu.
uyarnna harmonics driving lesarumaayi qoo-lineeraayi purappeduvikkunnu, koodaathe valare irukiya koneeya thadassam undakam, chilappol adisthaana feeldinekkaal kuranja vyathichalanavum gassian beam profileukalkku sameepavum.
semi classical sameepanam.
uyarnna harmonic ulppaadanathode uthppaadippikkaavunna paramavadhi phottoon oorjjam harmonic peedabhoomiyude katt-oof nalkunnu. laserinte vaidyutha mekhalayil ionized electroninu labhikkuna paramavadhi oorjjam parishodhichu ithu classicalaayi kanakkakkaam. katt oof oorjjam nalkunnathu;
lazer feeldil ninnulla ponteromotive oorjjam mukalilekkum aipi ionization pottensial aanu.
katt-oof oorjjathinte eee vyulppannam oru semi-classical kanakkukoottalil ninnaan uruthirinjathu. electron thudakkathil kwaandam yaanthrikamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, kaaranam athu maathru aattathil ninnu ionise cheiyunnu, ennaal thudarnnulla chalanathmakatha classicalaayi kanakkakkunnu. poojyamaaya prarambha vegathayode shoonyathayil electron janikkunnuvennum pinneedu lazer beam vaidyutha mandalam thwarithappeduthumennum anumaanikkappedunnu.
ionisationushesham oru opttikkal saikkilinte pakuthi, vaidyutha mandalam maarunnathinanusarichu electron vipareeta dishayil pookukayum maathru nucleusilekku vegathil madangukayum cheyyum. maathru nucleusilekku madangumbol aattavumaayi punasamyojippikkumbol athu athinte nilathekku madangumbol bremstralang polulla vikiranam purappeduvikkaan kazhiyum. eee vivaranam uyarnna harmonic thalamurayude recollisonal model ennariyappedunnu.
puranthallappedunna vikiranathinte aavruthi gathikorjjatheyum ionization pottensialineyum aashrayichirikkunnathil, vyathyastha aavruthikal vyathyastha punasamyojana samayat puranthallappedunnu (i.iii. puranthallappedunna pulse kilakilayi). enthinadhikam, oro freekwensik, rund anubandha punasamyojana samayangalundu. eee rund sanjaarapathangaleyum hraswa sanjaarapatham (aadyam purappeduvikkunna), neenda sanjaarapatham enningane nammal paraamarsikkunnu.
eee model vishadeekaricha echechji prakriyayile chila rasakaramaaya paridhikal kaanikkunnath driving lazer feeld rekheeyamaayi dhruveekarikkappettaal maathrame echechji sambhavikkukayulloo ennaanu. lazer beam elliptity madangunna electron maathru nucleus nashtappedaan kaaranamaakunnu. kwaandam yaanthrikamaayi, madangunna electron tharamgappakkattinte nuclear tharamgappakkumaayi ovarlaappu kurayunnu. ithu pareekshanaathmakamaayi nireekshikkappettundu, avide deerghavritham vardhikkunnathinoppam haarmoniksinte theevratha athivegam kurayunnu. driving laserinte theevratha parimithappedutthunna mattoru prabhavam laurents fozhsu aanu. 1016 doublucm-2 nuu mukalilulla theevrathayil durbalamaaya feeld opttiksil avaganikkappedunna lazer pulsinte kanthika ghadakam madangunna electronine vyathichalippikkan paryapthamaakum. ithu maathru nucleusinu "nashtappedaan" kaaranamaakukayum athinaal echechji thadayukayum cheyyum.
ghattam poruthappedutthal.
ellah nonleeniyar prakriyakalileyum pole, gyaas ghattathil uyarnna harmonic ulppaadanathil ghatta poruthappedutthal oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu. swatantra kendreekritha jyamithiyil, taranga vekttar poruthakkedinte naalu kaaranagal ivayaanu neutral dispersion, plasma dispersion, gauy ghattam, dvidhruva ghattam.
neutral dispersion attangal moolamaanu undaakunnath, athesamayam plasma dispersion ionukal moolamaanu, iruvarkkum vipareeta adayaalangalundu.
phokkasinaduthulla tharamgamukha ghattam chaadunnathaanu gauy ghattam, athu athil vyathyaasappedunnu. oduvil echu. echu. jii prakriyayile aattomik prathikaranatthil ninnaan dvidhruva ghattam undaakunnath.
oru gyaas jettu jyamiti upayogikkumbol, focusinu sesham uthppaadippikkunna vaathakam sthithicheyyumbol hraswa pathakalil ninnu purappeduvikkunna uyarnna harmonics srishtikkunnathinulla opttimal vyavasthakal labikkum, athesamayam uthppaadippikkunna vaathakam focusinu munbu sthithicheyyumbol neenda pathayil ninnu uyarnna haarmoniksinte uthpaadanam oof-axis nedaanaakum.
koodaathe, driving feeldinaayi ayanja focussing jyamiti nadappaakkunnathu uyarnna ennam emittarukaleyum photonukaleyum ulppaadana prakriyaykku sambhavana cheyyaan praapthamaakkukayum angane harmonic vilavu vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. 
oru gyaas jettu jyamiti upayogikkumbol, mack diskilekku lazer focus cheiyunnathu harmonic ulppaadanathinte karyakshamatha vardhippikkum.
kooduthal pothuve, ex-reey spectral mekhalayil, metteeriyalukalkk 1 nuu valare aduthulla oru refractive soochikayundu. ghatta poruthakkedu, formula 2, santhulithamaakkaan, driving lazer tharamgadairkhyathil samyojitha refractive soochikaye ekadesham 1 akkunna atharam paaraamettarukal uyarnna dimensional spacil naam kandethendathundu.
oru aattathinte binding pottensialine valachodikkaan kazhiyunna theevrathayude alavu nedunnathinu, driving lazer beam focus cheyyendathu aavasyamaanu. ithu nirddishta jyaamithiye aashrayich (playin taranga vyaapanam, free focussing, hooloo coor taranga guide muthalaayava) ghatta poruthakkedu badhikkunna dispersion padangal avatharippikkunnu.). koodaathe, uyarnna harmonic ulppaadana prakriyayil, electronukal thwarithappeduthukayum avayil chilath avayude maathru ionilekku madangukayum cheiyunnu, ithu ex-reey pottitherikalkku kaaranamaakunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee electronukalil bhooribhaagavum madangivarunnilla, pakaram qoo-propagating tharamgangalude vyaapanathin kaaranamaakunnu. ionization, recombination, propagation thudangiya prakriyakal kaaranam madangivarunna electronukal ghattam vahikkunnu. koodaathe, ionized aattangalkk maadhyamathinte refractive soochikaye swaadheenikkaan kazhiyum, ithu dispersionte mattoru uravidam nalkunnu.
ghatta poruthakkedu (laserinte 0 ghatta vegatha ex-reyekkaal vegathayullathaanu) ingane prathinidheekarikkam
soothravaakyam _ 3
soothravaakyam 4 neutral aattangalude sambhaavanayaan, soothravaakyam 5 ayonukalil ninnulla sambhaavanayaan (neutralukal ionise cheyyumbol, eee padam ippozhum yuvi yill mathiyaya valuthayirikkaam), soothravaakyam 6 plasma sambhaavanayaan, soothravaakyam 7 swatantra focussing jyaamithiyaan, taranga guiding jyaamithiyude playin-tharamgam, soothravaakyam 8 ennathu aattathil ninnu akannupookunna samayat electron shekharikkunna gattamaanu.
oro padatthinum oru prathyeka samayathum aavruthiyilum poruthakkedu santhulithamaakkaan anuvadikkunna oru prathyeka adayaalam undu.
electronukalil ninnulla sambhavana tharamgadairkhyavumaayi chathushkonamaayi skeyil cheiyunnu formula _ 9, athesamayam aattangalil ninnulla sambhavana tharamgadairkhyavumaayi vipareethamaayi skeyil cheiyunnu formula _ 10. 
athinaal dairkhyameriya tharamgadairkhyangalil, formula _ 11 enna padam oru electroninu valare valuthaanu, athesamayam formula _ 12 enna padam valare cheruthum onninodu aduthullathumaanu. echu. echu. jii prakriyayumaayi ghattam ghattamayi poruthappedunnathinu, valare uyarnna mardhavum kuranja ionization levelukalum aavasyamaanu, angane dhaaraalam emittarukal nalkunnu. 
ethir yuvi spectral shreniyil, formula _ 12 enna padam valuthaanu, kaaranam yuvi anurananakal aduthaanu, koodaathe formula _ 11 enna padam cheruthaanu. prakriyayude ghattam ghattamayi poruthappedunnathinu, kuranja sammarddam aavasyamaanu. koodaathe, yuviyil, valare uyarnna ionization levelukal sahikkaan kazhiyum (100% nekkaal valare valuth). ithu driving yuvi laserinte theevrathayode echechji phottoon oorjja scalability nalkunnu.
playin-wave jyamiti allengil ayanja focussing jyamiti formula _ 15 padam cheruthaanenkil driving tharamgadairkhyangalil uyarnna collinaire ghatta poruthappedutthalum paramavadhi fluxes verthirichedukkalum anuvadikkunnu. taranga guidele uyarnna oordar haarmoniksinte uthpaadanam playin taranga prachaaranatthinu aduthulla savisheshathakalulla prachaaranatthe anuvadikkunnu. 
atharam jyaamithikal prayojanappeduthunnu, prathyekichu ir beemkal srishtikkunna ex-reey spectra, opttimal power extractionu vendi deerghamaaya interaakshan volyangal aavasyamaanu. atharam jyaamithikalil 1.6 kevu vare vyaapichukidakkunna spectra srishtikkappettittundu. 
yuvi-vis nayikkunna uyarnna harmonixinu, taranga guide padam cheruthaanu, koodaathe ghattavumayi poruthappedunna chithram playin-taranga jyamithiyodu saamyamullathaan. atharam jyaamithikalil, kaarban edju (300 ivi) vare vyaapichukidakkunna idungiya bandwidth harmonics srishtikkappettittundu.