
rottim prathisandhi

1960 februvari-march maasangalil israelum yunaittad arab republic (yuu. eiii. aarr) thammilulla ettumuttalaaya rottom prathisandhi (; choolam) israel-syrian athirthiyile samgharshangalaal prachodanam ulkkonda eejipt israayelinte prathirodhamillaatha thekkan munnaniyil sayudha senaye vinyasichu, israeline prathirodhatthil ninnu pinthirippichu. sathrutha pottippurappettillengil, 1967leeii aarr divasathe yudhathilekku nayicha sambhavangale prathisandhi swaadheenichu.
pashchaathalam.
1956 leeii syoos prathisandhiyude samayat pidicheduttha sinaayil ninnu israel pinmaariyathinetthudarnnu, upadveep mikka eejipshyan senayudeyum yadhaartha sainikavalkkarikkappettathi thudarnnu. oru kaalaalppada brigade, niravadhi rahasyaanveshana rejimentukalude gadakangal, 100 taankukal vare enniva ithil kaaval nilkkunnu. eejipt president gamal abdul naasarine sambandhichidatholam suis prathisandhiyude phalam raashtreeyamaayi anukoolamaayirunnuvenkilum, israayelinte sainika rahasyaanveshana dayaraktarettum (amaan) sainika, sivilian theerumaanamedukkunnavarum yudhathile israayelinte sainika vijayam bhaaviyile eejipshyan padhathikalkku phalapradamaaya prathirodhamaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. 1960-nte thudakkathil, israel videshakaarya mantraalayam kanakkaakkiyath, eejipt "israelumaayulla sainika ettumuttal ozhivaakkaanum aikyaraashtrasabhayude adiyanthara senaye (yuu. enn. iii. eph) prathisandhiyethudarnnu ghaza strippil sthaapikkaanum" sramikkumennu.
ennirunnaalum, israayelinte thekkan athirthiyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, syriayumaayulla vadakkan athirthi kooduthal samgharshangalkku vidheyamaayirunnu, israayelinte sainikavalkkarikkappett mekhalakalude swabhaavatheyum athirthikaleyum kurichulla tharkkangalil veroonniyathaanu. 1958 februvariyil eejipthinteyum syriayudeyum hraswakaala rashtreeya ikyamaaya kwar sthaapithamaayathode athirthiyile eee samgharshangal kooduthal sankeernamaayi. vadakkan athirthiyile samgharshangal, inii muthal, thekk thaarathamyena shaanthamaaya munnaniyil prathikaranatthinu kaaranamakum.
prathisandhi.
tawafiq raid.
1959 avasaanathode vadakkan athirthiyile samgharshangal galeeli kadalinte kizhakkan theerathulla thekkan dii. emm. isad mekhalayile israeli krishi avakaashangalecholli veendum vardhichu. syriakkaar oduvil israeli sainika posttukalkku nere kanatha mortaarukal upayogichu shellakramanam aarambikkukayum 1960 januvari 31 nuu oru israeli poleesukaaran kollappedukayum mattu rund perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. athe ratri, israayelinte golani brigade alle-tawafiq graamatthile syrian sthaanangal aakramich "ooppareshan hargol" (krikkatt) nadatthi. onpathu syriakkaar kollappedukayum 15 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythappol israelil moonnu perr kollappedukayum 17 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, syrian sainyam jaagrathaanirdesham nalkukayum rund reserve brigedukale aninirathukayum oru peeranki rejimentum tank kambaniyum athirthikkaduthekku neekkukayum cheythu.
israel prathirodha senaykk (aii. dii. eph) kanatha nashtamundaayenna reportukal ulkkollunna arab maadyamangal tawafiq reydine israeli parajayamaayi chithreekarichu. eejiptilum syriayilum uyarnna jaagrathayude avasthayekkurichum athu oru rahasyavum paranjittilla. februvari 1 nuu "alle-ahramil", president gamal abdel naasarinte suhruthum upadeshtaavumaaya mohammed hazanin haikkal, eejipt adiyantharaavastha prakhyapikkukayum athirthiyilekku sainyathe maattukayum cheythathayi ezhuthi, avide "rund sainyangalum israayelinethire phalapradamaaya pincer roopeekarikkunnu."ennirunnaalum, israayelinte sainika rahasyaanveshana vibhaagam atharam neekkangalkk thelivukalonnum kandethiyitla, eejiptilum syriayilum vardhicha jaagrathaykk kaaranam kooduthal israeli akramanangal undaakumenna bhayamaan. israel oru aakramanathinu thayyaaredukkukayaanennu arab nethaakkal aathmaarthamaayi vishwasichirunnathaayi thonnunnu. februvari 8nuu, eathu nimishavum oru israeli akramanam kwar pratheekshikkunnundenn nasser prakhyaapichu."syrian neekkangalethudarnnu israel thangalude sainyathe shakthippeduthiyappol, sathrutha aarambikkaan avar padhathiyidukayum vadakku samgharshangal kuraykkunnathinu pravartthikkukayum cheythu.
eejipt samaaharana.
irupakshavum yadhaarthathil ettumuttal aagrahichathinaal, februvari randaam aazhchayode pirimurukkangal kuranjathaayi thonni. vadakku ninnu israel senaye thirichuvilichu. februvari 12nuu hula thadaakathinu sameepam patrollinginide undaaya syrian vedivayppil rund israel sainikar kollappettu. israel karshana munnariyippukalode prathikarichenkilum irupakshavum thudakkathil shaantatha paalichu. ennittum februvari 15,16 theeyathikalil aarambhicha kwaarinu syriaykkethiraaya aakramanathinulla israeli thayyaareduppukalude rahasyavivaram labhikkaan thudangi. galiliyil valia aii. dii. eph. saandrathayundenna vaarthakal, reserve formationukal samaaharikkal, sainika kayattumathikkayi haifa thuramukham adachupoottal, videshathu ninnulla pailattumaareyum udyogasthareyum thirichuvilikkal, israel nethaakkal thammilulla moorchayulla samvaadangal enniva ithil ulppedunnu. orupakshe soviyatt union nalkia eee rahasyaanveshanathinte bhooribhaagavum asathyamaayirunnirikkam, ennirunnaalum februvari 22nuu nadakkaanirikkunna oru israeli aakramanathekkurichu kwaarinte neethrthwathinu bodhyamaayi.
tawafiq sambhavathin sesham parasyamaayi prakhyaapicha jagrata nirddesham syria akramikkunnathil ninnu israeline thadayunnathil vijayichuvennu nasser vishwasichirunnu. israel veendum sainyathe vinyasikkukayaanennu aaropikkappedunnathinal nasser (orupakshe februvari 16 nuu) eejipshyan sainyathe sinaayiyilekku ayachu. eejipshyan sainyathinte vipulamaaya ditaachmentukal februvari 17 nuu syoos kanal kadakkaan thudangi, februvari 22 num 24 num idayil randaam kaalaalppada division naalam kavachitha division radio nishabdathayil sinaayiyilekku neengi. februvari 27 aayappozhekkum eejipthile 10 kaalaalppada brigedukalil 6 ennavum moonnu eejipshyan kavachitha brigedukalum nilavil vannu. syrian munnaniyile kwar senayil ezhu adhika brigedukal ulppettirunnu.
eejipt sweekaricha udan thanne aninirakkanulla eejipshyan theerumaanathekkurichu amaan vaartha nediyengilum athirthiyile ithinakam pirimurukkamulla saahacharyathe prakopippikkumenna rashtreeya bhayangal valare aavashyamaaya rahasyaanveshana vimanangal vaikippichu. februvari 23nuu, oru american rahasyavivarathinu sesham, oru israeli vyomasena (iaf) sudd-yoost vottar, naalam kavachitha vibhaagam yadhaarthathil athinte kaaval seena vittuvenna vaartha thirike konduvaraan syoos kanal soninte foto eduthu. oru divasam kazhinju sinaik mukaliloode randaamathe parakkal eejipshyan vinyaasathinte poornna vyaapthi velippeduthi. eejipshyan sainyam athirthikkaduthum aazhathilum vinyasichirunnu, 20 muthal 30 vare taankukal adangunna negevile israel sainyam ippol 500 eejipshyan taankukaleyum suu-100 tank distroyarukaleyum abhimukeekarikkukayaayirunnu.
israel prathikaranam.
februvari 25nuu aii. dii. eph. cheef oof ooppareshans yitshaak rabin aii. eiii. ephinte commander inn cheef easar weismane ayachu, oru kurippil ingane paranju "njangalude paants thaazhtthi vechukondu njangal pidikkapettu. adutha irupathinaalu manikorinullil ellaam vyomasena aasrayichirikkunnu."israel rakshaakarthruthvathil ninnu akannupookukayum israel prathirodha senayude general staaf ippol sainyathinte adiyanthara neekkathinaayi" "rottom" "enna coode neyim nalki oru koottam utharavukal purappeduvikkukayum cheythu". thekk prathirodhathinaayulla israayelinte padhathikal naalu brigedukale vinyasikkanamenn aavasyappettirunnu. reserve vanthothil samaharikkaanulla aii. dii. ephinte abhyarthana pradhaanamantri david benn-guriyon nirasichuvenkilum 7,000 pere vilikkaan anumathi nalki, ithu deerghakaalathekku uyarnna jagrata palikkaan aavashyamaaya ettavum kuranjathaanu. athinaal adutha 24 manikorinullil vinyasicha unitukal kooduthalum saadhaarana sainika unitukalaayirunnu. onnaam golani brigade ezhaam kavachitha brigade rafa thuramukhathinaduthulla vadakkan negevilekk vinyasikkapettu, athesamayam 35-aamath paaraatrooppers brigade 37-aamath yaanthrika brigade ketsiyodu mekhalayude niyanthranam etteduthu. ivar sthaanathekku neengiyappol, sinaayile eejipshyan senaykkethire udan nadapadiyedukkaan vyomasenaykku nirddesham nalki.
aparyapthamaaya prathirodhatthinu nere eejipshyan akramanam undaakumenna adiyanthira apakadathinappuram, israel rund adhika bheeshanikalum nerittu. onnamathaayi, athirthiyude iruvashathum sainyathinte koottam koottam koodunnathu, ashradhamaayi polum, thuranna yudhamaayi vashalaayekkaam. koodaathe, athirthiyil oru valia eejipshyan saannidhyam, deseeya vibhavangalude azhukkayi, thekk anishchithakaalathekku, kooduthalum sainikare reserve cheyyaan israeline nirbandhithamaakkum. chenkadalile israeli kappal gathagatham polulla samgharshathinte mattu ghattangalilum iva prathyaaghaathangal undaakkum. kuranja profile nilanirthunnathinum prakopanaparamayathaayi kanakkakkavunna nadapadikal thadayunnathinum benn-guriyon reservistukalude vann kooll-upp nirasikkukayum sinaik mukaliloode adhika rahasyaanveshana vimanangal anuvadikkaan visammathikkukayum cheythu. sensorship maadhyamangale uyarnna jagrathaavastha report cheiyunnathil ninnu thadanju, benn-guriyon pathraadhiparumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi avar report cheyyaan paadillaattha kaaryangalekkurichu avare ariyichu.
aikyaraashtrasabhayude punk.
israel nayatantra munnaniyilekku thirinju. americayodum ikyaraashtrasabhayodumulla nirddeshangalil athinte athirthikalil vardhichuvarunna arab sainika saannidhyathinum siriyayodulla uddeshyangalekkurichula thettaaya arab rahasyaanveshanathinum athu oonnal nalki. keyroyil edapedaan yuu. enn sekrattari general dagg hummersholdinode aavasyappettenkilum israel nayathanthranjarodu sahacharyam nadapadiyedukkaan paryapthamallennum thante padhathikalil naadakeeyamaaya maattam samgharshangal vardhippikkaan maathrame sahaayikkukayulloovennum paranju. eee prathikaranam israel videshakaarya mantri golda meyarine prakopippichu. februvari 25 nuu, ghaza strippil eejipshyan vinyaasathekkurichum yuu. enn emarjansi senaye ozhippikkunnathinekkurum kimvadanthikal pracharikkunnathinekkur veendum hummarskjoldumaayi samsarikkaan avar yuu. ennil israel prathinidhiyaya yosef techoyode aavasyappettu. ghaza mekhalayile eejipshyan sainika neekkangalekkurichu yuu. enn sainika udyogasthar israeline ariyikkaathathil israel udyogastharum aswastharaayirunnu. sameepabhaviyil eee mekhala sandarshikkukayo varaanirikkunna american sandarshana velayil benn-guriyanumaayulla koodikkaazhcha nadathukayo cheyyanamennu maathramaan hummarskjold nirddeshikkunnathu. februvari 23-leeii rahasyaanveshana vimaanathekkurich eejipt yuu. ennine ariyichittundennum ithuvare audyogika parati nalkiyittillennum addeham choondikkaatti, ithu prathisandhi rookshamaakkaanulla swantham vimukhathayude soochanayaanu. israeli aashankakalekkurichu hummarskjold eppozhengilum keyroyumaayi bandhappettittundo ennu vyakthamalla, sahaayathinaayi hummarskjoldine aashrayikkaan kazhiyillennu benn-guriyon taamasiyaathe nigamanam cheythu.
dee-escalation.
eejipshyan sainyam avarude vinyaasam poortthiyaakkumbol, eejipthinte sainika jagrata kurayunnathinte soochanakal amaan edukkaan thudangi. februvari 27nuu eejipshyan vyomasenayude abhyasangal punaraarambhichu, thudarnnulla divasangalil atharam kooduthal soochanakal vannu. ithinte velichathil, benn-gurion aii. dii. eph cheef oof staaf heyim lascov 1,000 israeli sainikarude vighadanathinu amgeekaaram nalkukayum ezhaamatheyum 35-aamatheyum brigedukal pathiv nilayilekku madangukayum cheythu. eejipshyan senaye poornnamaayum vinyasichirunnuvenkum march 5 nakam 400 israeli reservistukal ozhike ellaavareyum discharge cheythu.
march 9nuu eejipshyan sainyavum pinwangan thudangi, randaam divisionil ninnu aarambhich maasatthinte randaam pakuthiyil naalam theeyathiyilekku. athe divasam thanne "alle-ahramil" oru edittoriyal eejipshyan veekshanakonil ninnu prathisandhiye vivarichu eejipshyan vinyaasam israeline syria akramikkunnathil ninnu thadanjathinaal israel manthrisabha sainikamaayi pravarthikkunnathinekkaal nayathanthraparamaayi pravartthikkaan prerippichu. februvari 24 muthal eee vishayathil kooduthalum nishabdatha palikkunna eejipshyan maadyamangal eee phalathe eejipshyan sainyathinte mahathaaya vijayamayi visheshippichu.
anantharafalangal.
arab-israel samgharshathinte charitrarachanayil avaganikkappettenkilum, suis prathisandhikkum aarr divasathe yudhathinum edayilulla varshangalile israayelinte prathirodha sidhaanthathinu ettavum gurutharamaaya velluviliyaayirunnu rottem prathisandhi. thante bharanakaalathe ettavum naadakeeyamaaya sambhavamaayi heyim laskov ithine visheshippichu. asannamaaya oru bheeshaniyekkurichu munnariyipp nalkunnathil parajayappetta israeli rahasyaanveshana samoohathile kuravukalum atharam munnariyippukale udanadi nadapadiyilekku parivartthanam cheyyaanulla idfinte kazhivum ithu velippeduthi. eejipshyan sainyam neengukayaanennu rahasyaanveshana ejansikal soochippichirunnuvenkum, eejipshyan vinyaasathinte poornna vyaapthi purathuvarikayum prathirodha nadapadikal sweekarikkukayum cheiyunnathinu orazhcha munbu. bhaaviyile cheef oof staaf aaya rabin pinneedu israeli intelligence orikkalum moshamaaya avasthayilaayirunnillenna ezhuthi. lascovin sainika rahasyaanveshanavibhaagathin thalavanaaya cheyim hersogilullah ellah vishwaasavum nashtappettirunnuvenkum benn-guriyon addehathe purathaakkunnathil ninnu thadanju. eee prathisandhi israayelinte deseeya suraksha nayathe swaadheenikkukayum athirthiyil eejipshyan sainika nirmmaanam asweekaaryamaanennu nirvachikkukayum athesamayam israeli rahasyaanveshana samooham athinte shekharana sheshi mechappeduthunnathinna vipulamaaya nadapadikal kaikkollukayum cheythu.
1967leeii aarr divasathe yudhathilekku nayicha sambhavangalude "trial rann" aayi eee prathisandhi kanakkaakkappedunnu. israelum eejipt prathisandhiyil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaaya nigamanagalil ethi. puthiyathum niyantrithavumaaya niyamangal earppeduthiyittunde aadyathethu vishwasichappol, yudhathinu pokenda aavasyamillaathe sainyathe vinyasikkunnathiloode israeline thadayaan kazhiyumennu randaamathethu vishwasichu. 1967ll israel-syrian athirthiyile samgharshathekkurichulla puthiya reporttukalethudarnnu nasser eejipshyan sainyathe veendum sinaayilekk maattiyappol, aii. dii. eph general staafile palarkkum 1960leeii sambhavangalekkurichu oormmappeduthi. rabin weisman athath ormmakkurippukalil 1967leeii sambhavangal aadyam rottom prathisandhiyude aavarthanamaayi thonniyathaayum aadyathethil ninnu paadangal ulkkondathu randaamathethil prayogichathaayum abhiprayappettu. thudakkathil yudhathekkurichu valarekkurache chinthichirunnulloo. 1992ll eejipshyan aarmiyude sentar phoor straattajik stadees director viramicha mejar general jamal maatlam 1967leeii eejipshyan theerumaanamedukkalil rottom prathisandhi vahicha punk shradhichu
1960-leeii eejipshyan vinyaasam vivekapoornamaayirunnenkum 1967-ll athu pothujanangalude poornna kaazhchappadilaanu nadathiyathu. puthiya vinyaasam arab lokath vyapakamaaya avesham ulavaakkukayum vividha kalikkaarkku thanthrangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan idam kurakkukayum cheythu. nasser unef pinvalikkanamenn aavasyappedukayum prathisandhi taamasiyaathe athintethaaya vegatha nedukayum oduvil yudhathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.

