
haalo (mathaparamaya prathichaaya)

oru kalayil oru vyakthiye chuttipattiyulla prakashakiranangal, vritham allengil prakaashatthinte disk ennivayude kireedamaanu haalo (; nimbus, ooriyool, glory allengil gloriol ennum vilikkunnu). vishudhareyo vishudhareyo soochippikkaan pala mathangaludeyum prathimakalil ithu upayogichittundu, koodaathe vividha kaalaghattangalil bharanaadhikaarikaludeyum naayakanmarudeyum chithrangalilum ithu upayogichittundu. purathana grease, purathana roome, kristhumatham, hindumatham, budhamatham thudangiya mathakalakalil, vishudha vyakthikale vrithaakrithiyilulla thilakkathinte roopathil oru haloyo allengil eshyan kalayile theejwaalakalo upayogichu, thalaykku chutto sareerathinu chutto chithreekarikkaam-eee avasaanatheth palappozhum mandorla ennu vilikkunnu. halos mikkavarum eathu niramo nirangalude samyojanamo aayi kaanikkaamenkilum, theejwaalakale prathinidheekarikkumbol velichatheyo chuvappineyo prathinidheekarikkumbol palappozhum svarnnamo manjayo vellayo aayi chithreekarikkunnu.
purathana mesopotamia.
sumerian mathasahithyam palappozhum samsaarikkunnath (akkadiyanil), devanmaarum naayakanmarum chilappol rajaakkanmaarum valia vishudhiyude shethrangalum daivangalude chinnangalum chinnangalum kondu prakashippikkunna thilakkamaarnnathum drishyavumaaya oru aakarshanathekkurichaan."
purathana greak lokam.
yudhathile veeranmaarude thalaykku chuttumulla swaabhaavikamaaya prakaashatthe hommer vivarikkunnu. medusa kollunna pravartthanatthil persiyasinte chithreekaranangal, thalayil ninnu vikiranam cheiyunna varakal, oru velutha nilathulla toylattari boxilum alpam kazhinju polygnotos shailiyilulla chuvanna aakruthiyilulla paathratthilum drishyamaakunnu. thekkan italiyil ninnulla peyint cheytha vasthukkalil, prakaasharekhakalo lalithamaaya haloyo niravadhi puraana roopangalil kaanapedunnu lissa, bhraanthan bhaavathinte vyakthithvam; oru spinks; oru kadal raakshasam; akkillasinte maathavaayirunna kadal-nymph theettis. sooryadevanaaya heliosinte prathimayaayirunnu rodesinte colosus, addehathinte saadhaarana vikiranam cheytha kireedamundaayirunnu (swaathanthryathinte prathimaykku vendi pakarthiyathaanu). eee prabhavam vyakthamaayi anukarikkunna vikiranam cheiyunna kireedangal dharichathaayi hellenistic bharanaadhikaarikale palappozhum kaanikkunnu.
eshyan kala.
indiayil, haaloyude upayogam bii. sii randaam sahasraabdathinte randaam pakuthiyil ninnayirikkaam. daimaabaadile malwa ghattathil (bisi) ninnulla oru manpaathra kudakalil gadippichirikkunna rund roopangal pilkkala hindu daivamaaya shivan paricharakan poleyulla oru vishudha roopamaayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu, iva randum thalaykku chuttum halos ullathum, ooriyoola indian kalayil vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu, prathyekichu budhamatha iconography ithu kuranjathu onnaam noottaand muthal prathyakshappettittundu; britiish myoosiyathile kushan bimaran pedakam edii 60 (kuranjathu bisi 30 num 200 num idayil) aanu. kushan saamraajyathile bharanadhikaarikalaanu orupakshe avarude nanayangalil svayam haalo nalkia adyakaalakkaar, kalayile nimbus madhyeshyayil ninnu uthbhavich kizhakkum padinjaarum vyaapichittundaakam.
chainees, japanese budhamatha kalakalil aadyakaalakhattangal muthal amitabha budhanteyum mattullavarudeyum prathichaaya chithreekarikkaan haalo upayogikkunnu. tibattan budhamatham indian, chainees paarambaryangalil ninnu varacha niravadhi tharatthilulla haalokalum ooriyoolukalum upayogikkunnu, milarepa, padmasambhava thudangiya buddha sanyasimaarudeyum devanmaarudeyum prathimakalilum thanka paintingukalilum ithu vyaapakamaayi kaanapedunnu. vyathyastha niramulla haloic prathyeka ardhangalundu sanyaasimaarkk ooranchu, budhanum mattu uyarnna jeevikalkkum pacha, saadhaaranayaayi roopangalkku thalaykku oru haloy sareerathinu mattoru vrithaakruthiyilullathum undu, iva randum palappozhum thalaykko kazhuthino chuttum evideyengilum murichukadakkunnu. svarnnathinte nerttha varakal palappozhum haaloyude arikukalil ninnu puratthekko akatheko vikiranam cheiyunnu, chilappol oru muzhuvan haloy iva kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu.
indiayil head halo allengil, athesamayam phul body haalo ennu vilikkunnu. vipulamaaya haalokalum prathyekichu ooriyoolukalum hindu silpangalil kaanapedunnu, avide avaa yadhaartha ashayam thirichariyaan prayaasamulla vasthuvidyaa chattakkoodukalayi vikasikkunnu. theravaada budhamathavum jainamathavum niravadhi noottaandukalaayi haalo upayogichillengilum pinneedu mattu mathavibhaagangale apekshichu valare kuravaanengilum athu sweekarichu.
eshyan kalayil, nimbus prakaashatthinte mathramalla, jwaalakalude roopathilaanennu palappozhum sangalppikkappedunnu. 450nuu munbulla chainees venkalangalil eee tharam aadyamaayi prathyakshappedunnuvennu thonnunnu. niravadhi chola venkalangalkkum mattu classic hindu devathakalude silpangalkkum chuttumulla ring ooriyoolile saadhaarana cheria teejwalakal pole, allengil kooduthal yaadhaarthyabodhamulla jwaalakaleyum chilappol pukayum pole, devathakalude "krodhakaramaaya vasham" enna niravadhi tibattan buddha chithreekaranangalkku pinnilum classic kaalaghattatthile pershyan miniyecharukalilum eee jwaalakalude chithreekaranam valare aupachaarikamaakkaam. budhamatha udaaharanangalil chilappol vrithaakrithiyilulla haaloyude arikukalil ninnu oru nerttha line oof flameukal uyarnnuvarunnu. tibattan paintingukalil theeppiduthangal palappozhum idathuninnu valathottu veeshunna kaattil veesunnathaayi kaanikkunnu. madhyakala kristhyan kalayil valare apoorvamaayum cheria thothilum eee tharam kaanapedunnu.
vividha sthalangalil ninnum kaalaghattangalil ninnumulla islaamika kalayil, prathyekichu pershyan miniyecharukalil, avayaal swaadheenikkappetta moghal, automan kalakalil halos kaanapedunnu. budhamatha kalayil ninnu uruthirinja jwalikkunna halos maalaakhamaare chuttippattiyaan, samaanamaayava palappozhum mohammedin mattu vishudha manushya roopangalkkum chuttum kaanapedunnu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte arambham muthal, mugal chakravartthimaarudeyum thudarnnu rajput, sikh bharanaadhikaarikaludeyum chhaayaachitrangalil lalithamaaya vrithaakrithiyilulla halos kaanapedunnu; kooduthal praadeshika mungaamikal undaayirunnittum, mughalmar europian matakalayil ninnaan eee rooparekha sweekarichathennu kalacharithrakaaranmaar vishwasikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu valare pazhakkamulla daivadathamaaya raajathvathinte karisma enna pershyan ashayam prakadippikkunnu. calif enna padavi undaayirunnittum sulthaanakalkk halos upayogikkunnathu automanmaar ozhivaakkukayum chilarkk avakaashamundenn thonnunnathupole, budhamatha mathanethakkalaayi veshamidukayaanenkil maathrame avare chainees chakravartthimaaril kaanukayulloo.
roman kala.
thalaye chuttikkarangunna oru aabharanam allengil vishudhiyude thilakkathe haalo prathinidheekarikkunnu. pershyan rajaakkanmaare adayaalappeduthiya sorostrian "hwareena"-"mahathvam" allengil "divyamaaya thilakkam"-maayi bandhappettathum mithraayism upayogichu irakkumathi cheyyappettathumaaya greasinteyum romileyum hellenistic samskaarathilaan ithu aadyamaayi prathyakshappettath. roman paintingukal erekkure aprathyakshamaayittundile, chila fresco alankaarangal ozhike, roman mosaikkukalil haalo cheytha chithram puthumayullathayi thudarunnu. tunisiayile bardoyil sookshichirikkunna randaam noottaandile eiii. dii. roman floor mosaikkil, hippocampukal varacha radhathil oru haload posidon prathyakshappedunnu. samudradevane anugamikkunna traittanum neeraid haload allah ennathu sradheyamaanu.
randaam noottaandinte avasaanathil thysdressil ninnulla oru parasya floor mosaikkil, ell dijem, ("chithreekaranam") apollo heliosine addehathinte thilangunna haalo thiricharinju. haadrumentathil ninnulla mosaikkile mattoru haload apollo souseyile myoosiyathilaan. thala chaaychu, chundukal cheruthaayi pilarnna, valia annukalulla, kazhuthu meikkunna poottukalil mudi murikkunna eee praathinidhyatthinte kanvenshanukal bii. sii. moonnaam noottaandil mahanaaya alexanderine chithreekarikkunnathinaayi vikasippicheduthu (beaber 1964; yaloris 1980). eee mosaik nadappilaakkiyathinu sesham, chakravarty oru haalo upayogichu chithreekarikkaan thudangi, athu avar kristhyaanikalaayappol upekshikkapettilla; thudakkathil kristhuvinu simhaasanathil kristhuvine mahathwathil kaanikkumbol maathrame undaayirunnulloo.
kristhyan kala.
naalam noottaandil kristhuvinte aadyakaala pratheekathmaka chithrangalumaayi aadyakaala kristheeya kalayil haalo ulppeduthi, thudakkathil orennathodoppam (daivathinte kunjadinoppam) kaanichirikkunna oreyoru roopamaayirunnu ithu. thudakkathil haalo kristhuvinte "logo" kaludeyum, addehathinte divyaprakrithiyudeyum, praathinidhyamaayi palarum kanakkaakkiyirunnu, athinaal valare neratthe (500-nuu munbu) kristhuvinte chithreekaranangalil joonn snaapanathin munbu addehathe haalo upayogichu kaanikkan paadillaayirunnu, addehathinte "logos" garbhadhaaranathil ninnu (yaadhaasthithika veekshanam) swathasidhamaayirunno atho snaapanathil (datthedukkal veekshanam) nediyathaano ennathu charchaavishayamaanu. eee kaalayalavil addehathe "snaapanathil" oru kuttiyayo cheruppakkaaranaayo kaanikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu praayavumaayi bandhapetta praathinidhyathekkaal oru sreniparamaayirikkaam.
oru crucifom haalo, athaayath ullil allengil athinappurathekku vyaapichukidakkunna oru cross ulla oru haalo, vishudha thrimoorthikalude vyakthikale, prathyekichu yeshuvine, prathyekichu madhyakala kalayil prathinideekarikkaan vritham upayogikkunnu. baisaantain, oorthadoox chithrangalil, kristhuvinte haloyile kurishinte oro baarukalilum greak aksharangalilonnaanu οων, ithu "hoow ön", aksharaarthatthil, "nilavilullathu"-yeshuvinte daivathvathe soochippikkunnu. kuranjathu pilkkala yaadhaasthithika chithrangalil, eee kurishile oro baarum moonnu varikalaal nirmmithamaan, ithu thrimoorthikalude sidhaanthangal, daivathinte ekathvam, kristhuvinte rund swabhaavangal ennivaye pratheekappeduthunnu.
santa maria maagiyorile mosaikkukalil (432-40) juvenile kristhuvinu naalu aayudhangalulla oru kurish undu, onnukil nimbasinte aaram thalaykku mukalil, allengil aaram mukalil sthaapichittundenkil ithu asaadhaaranamaanu. athe mosaikkukalil anugamikkunna maalaakhamaarkku halos undu (saamrajya paarambaryatthinte thudarchayil, rajaavu naayakanaakunnath pole), pakshe meriyum josaf allah. 11-aamm noottaandile codex visegradensis trea oof jessiyile (jessic isayyaykkum playin halos ullidathu, kristhuvinte poorvvikar mattu miniyecharukalil cheiyunnathupole) parishudhaathmaavinte ezhu sammaanangale prathinidheekarikkunna ezhu praavukal polulla mattu roopangal idaykkide halos kadannittundu.
pinneedu, thrithwathe prathinidheekarikkunnathin chilappol thrikonaakrithiyilulla halos pithavaaya daivathinu nalkappedunnu. oru meghathil ninnu uyarunna oru kaii addehathe prathinidheekarikkumbol, ithinu oru haalo nalkaam.
vishudhar, kanyaka merii, pazhaya niyamapravachakanmaar, maalaakhamaar, naalu suvisheshakarude chinnangal, mattu chila vyakthikal ennivare soochippikkaan playin raundu halos saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu. baisaantain chakravarthimaareyum chakravarthimaareyum palappozhum vishudharo kristhuvo ulppedeyulla rachanakalil avarodoppam kaanikkaarundaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum halos rooparekhappeduthiyirunnu. ithu autooniyan bharanaadhikaarikalum pinneedu russian bharanaadhikaarikalum pakarthi. madhyakaalakhattam purogamikkumbol pazhaya niyamaparamaaya kanakkukalkk padinjaaru halos undakanulla saadhyatha kuravaanu.
vishudharaayi ithuvare vishudheekarikkappedaathu beatified roopangal chilappol madhyakala itaaliyan kalayil kaanikkunnu, thalayil ninnu puranthallunna rekheeya kiranangal, pakshe nimbasinte vrithaakrithiyilulla attamonnum nirvachichittilla; pinneedu ithu ellah roopangalkkum upayogikkaan kazhiyunna haaloyude kuranja avyakthamaaya roopamaayi maari. merikku, prathyekichu barok kaalaghattam muthal, panthrand nakshathrangalude vrithathil haaloyude oru prathyeka roopam undu, ithu apocalypse sthriyenna nilayil avalude identificationil ninnu uruthirinjathaanu.
 italiyile ekadesham aii. dii. 1-nte daathaakkalude chhaayaachitrangalil jeevichirikkunnavarkkayi avaa chilappol upayogichirunnu; athijeevichavayil bhooribhaagavum poppumaarum mattullavar romile mosaikkukalumaan, akkaalathe maarppaappayude ammayude episcopa theodora thala ulppede. bhaaviyile vishudhavalkkaranathinte yadhaartha prathyaaghaathangalonnumal, saadhaaranayaayi thangale anugamikkunna vishudharkku vipareethamaayi, avaa oru samakaalika vyakthiyude soochana maathramaayi thonnunnu. onpathaam noottaandile thante "vitta" yude ezhuthukaaranaaya joonn, romile deekkan parayunnathanusarichu, monde casinoyude madaadhipathiyaaya desideriyasinte, pinneedu marpappa, 1056-86 enna kaiyezhuthuprathiyil ninnullathaanu avasaanathe udaaharanam; mahanaaya marpappa gregory thanne orennam upayogichu chithreekarichirunnu. moonnaam noottaandile dura europose sinagogil moshe prathinidheekarikkunna oru roopathinu vrithaakrithiyilulla halos kaanappedaattha orennam undu. sadgunangalude vyakthithvangalkku chilappol shadbhujaakrithiyilulla halos nalkappedunnu. chila samayangalil vikiranam cheiyunna baarukalal nirmmichathaayi kaanapedunna sculloped halos, adaa suvisheshangal polulla carolingian "adaa school"-nte kayyezhuthuprathikalil kaanapedunnu.
prakaashatthinte muzhuvan shareerachithratheyum chilappol 'ooriyool' allengil 'mahathvam' ennu vilikkunnu; ithu shareerathinte ellah bhaagathuninnum, mikkappozhum kristhuvinteyo meriyudeyo, idaykkide vishudhanmaarudeyum (prathyekichu oraal chuttappettathayi report cheyyappettavar) vikiranam cheiyunnathaayi kaanikkunnu. atharam oru ooriyoola palappozhum oru mandorla (badaam aakruthiyilulla vesika piskis) aanu, prathyekichu kristhuvinu chuttum, avarkk oru haloy undayirikkaam. yeshuvinte roopaanthareekaranathinte chithreekaranangalil kooduthal sankeernamaaya oru roopam palappozhum kaanapedunnu, prathyekichu kizhakkan yaadhaasthithika paarambaryatthil, moscoyile tretakov galleryile pathinanjaam noottaandile prashasthamaaya chinnathil.
miniyecharukal, mosaikkukal, paanal paintingukal ennivayil svarnnam oru pashchaathalamaayi upayogikkunnuvenkil, swarnna ilayil varikal alekhanam cheythaanu haalo palappozhum roopappedunnathu, koodaathe baahya aaramkkullil paattenukalil (diapering) alankarikkaam, angane valare kuravaanu. vishayathinte thalayil ninnu purathuvarunna prakaashatthinte prabhavam srishtikkunnathinaayi haaloykkullile swarnna ila vrithaakruthiyil kathikkaam. athinte upayogathinte aadya noottaandukalil, kristheeya haalo mikka nirangalilum (karupp yooda, satan, mattu dushta roopangal ennivaykkaayi neekkivachittundenkum) allengil bahuvarnamaayirikkam; pinneedu svarnnam staanderdaayi maarunnu, muzhuvan pashchaathalavum swarnna elayallengil, haalo thanne saadhaaranayaayi aayirikkum.
haaloyude kuravu.
chitrakalayile yaadhaarthyam vardhichathode, kalaakaaranmaarkk haalo oru prashnamaayi maari. halos ulkkollunnathinayi thayyarakkiya pazhaya rachana soothravaakyangal avar thudarnnum upayogikkunnidatholam kaalam, prasnangal kaikaaryam cheyyaavunnavayaayirunnu, ennaal paashchaathya kalakaaranmaar rachanayil kooduthal vazhakkam thedunnathinaal, ithu avasaanichu. swathanthramaayi nilkkunna madhyakala shilpathil, haalo ithinakam thalaykku mukaliloo pinnilo oru paranna discai kaanichirikkunnu. kaazhchappaad anivaaryamaayi kanakkaakkappettappol, chithrakaaranmaar thalaykku chuttumulla oru prakaashatthil ninnu, ellaayppozhum poornnamaayi kaanunnathupole chithreekarichirikkunna oru paranna swarnna disk allengil mothirathilekku maari, kazhchappadil prathyakshappedunna, vishudharude thalaykku mukalil pongikkidakkunnu, allengil lambamaayi pinnil, chilappol suthaaryamaan. kristhuvinu crucifom haalo nalkunna jiotoyilaanu ithu aadyam kaanaan kazhiyunnath, athu addehathinte pingaamikal ghattamghattamaayi illaathaakkaan thudangi. vadakkan europil, sooryaprakaasham polulla kiranangalaal nirmmicha vikirana prabhatham pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathode franch paintingil faashanilekku vannu.
pathinanjaam noottaandinte thudakkathil jaann vaan aikkum roobert campinum avayude upayogam pradhaanamaayum upekshichu, ennirunnaalum mattu chila aadyakaala netherlantish kalakaaranmaar avaa upayogikkunnathu thudarnnu. ekadesham athe samayam thanne italiyil, addeham varaykkaan eshtappedunna valia thoppikalilonnil avar ettumuttunnillengil pisanello avaa upayogichu. saadhaaranayaayi avaa italiyil kooduthal kaalam neenduninnengilum palappozhum nimbasinte puram attathe chithreekarikkunna nerttha swarnna bandai churungunnu, udaaharanathinu jiovanni beliniyil. kristhuvine oru saadhaarana prabhaamandalatthode kaanikkan thudangi.
oru sanyasiyaaya fra anchalico haalosine sambandhichidatholam oru yaadhaasthithikanaayirunnu, addehathinte chila paintingukal prasnangal nannayi prakadippikkunnu, addehathinte kooduthal tirakkeriya niravadhi rachanakalil pole, avaa chithratthinte uparithalathil athe prathalatthil soolid gold discukalaayi kaanikkunnu, mattu roopangale thadassappeduthunnathu thadayunnathu budhimuttaanu. athesamayam, tirakkeriya aakhyaana ramgangalil pradhanavum thirichariyaan kazhiyunnathumaaya roopangale janakkoottathil ninnu verthirichariyaan avaa upayogapradamaayirunnu. scrowney chappalil ninnulla kristhuvinekkurichulla gioto vilaapathil haalo ulla ettu roopangalum illaatha patthu roopangalumundu, avarkk oru prathyeka vyakthithvam attaachucheyyaan uddeshichullathallennu kaazhchakkaaran ariyaam. athupole, viyannayile peruginoyude "kristhuvinte snapana" thil kristhuvo joonn dhaa baptist haloso illa, avaa illaathe vendathra thirichariyaan kazhiyum, ennaal pashchaathalatthil oru vishudhan, saadhaaranayaayi eee ramgathil undaakaatha, addehathinte padavi soochippikkunnathinu oru ring haalo undu.
uyarnna navothaanakaalathu, mikka itaaliyan chithrakaaranmaarum polum halos vitharanam cheythu, ennaal 1563 leeii kaunsil oof trentinte chithrangalekkurichulla utharavukalil kalaashicha protestant parishkaranathodulla sabhayude prathikaranatthil, molanus, sent carlo boromio thudangiya mathakalayekkurichulla purohita ezhuthukaar avayude upayogam nirbandhamaakki. prakrithidatha prakasha srothassukal avarude thala uyarthikkaattunna sthalathaanu roopangal sthaapichathu, allengil pakaram kristhuvinteyum mattu roopangaludeyum thalaykku chuttum kooduthal vivekapoornamaaya ardha-prakrithidatha minnunna allengil thilangunna prakasham kaanichu (orupakshe taitiyan addehathinte avasana kaalaghattatthil thudakkamittathaakam). udaaharanathinu, rembraandinte kothupanikal, itharathilulla vividha parihaarangalum athupole haalo ephakt illaatha bhooribhaagavum kaanikkunnu. diskile haalo navothaanakaalathu classical puranangalil ninnulla roopangalkku apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogichirunnulloove avaa chilappol, prathyekichu classical vikirana roopathil, reethishaasthrathilum barok kalayilum kaanapedunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandode paashchaathya mukhyadharaa kalayil halos asaadhaaranamaayitheernnu, ennirunnaalum pratheekathmakavum janapriyavumaya chithrangalil nilanirthappettu, chilappol madhyakala falamaayi. joonn millays thante realist "sent steefan" (1895) nuu oru ring haalo nalkumbol, athu ambarappikkunnathaanu. janapriya graphik samskaarathil, kuranjathu pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal oru lalithamaaya mothiram oru haaloyude pradhana praathinidhyamaayi mariyirikkunnu, udaaharanathinu novalukaludeyum mattu adaptationukaludeyum saiman templer ("dhaa seyint") seereesinte logoyil kaanunnu.
kristhumathatthil athmeeya praadhaanyam.
aadyakaala sabhaa pithakkanmaar prakaashatthinte uravidamenna nilayil daivathekkurichulla sangalppangalkkaayi valareyadhikam vaachaadopa oorjjam chelavazhichu; mattu karyangalkkoppam, "pithaavinteyum puthranteyum sthirathayekkurichulla naalam noottaandile vivaadangalil, uravidavumaayulla kiranatthinte bandham uthbhavathinteyum pothuvaaya padaarthatthodukoodiya vyathyastha roopangaludeyum ettavum vyakthamaaya udaaharanamaayirunnu"-akkaalathe daivashaasthraparamaaya chinthayile pradhana ashayangal.
kooduthal catholica vyaakhyaanam, aathmaavine shwasippikkunna divyakripayude prakaashatthe haalo prathinidheekarikkunnu ennathaanu, athu poornnamaayum aikyappedukayum bharthru shareeravumaayi poruthappedukayum cheiyunnu.
kizhakkan yaadhaasthithika sabhayude daivashaasthrathil, kristhuvineyum svarggathile vishudhanmaareyum kaananum ashayavinimayam nadatthaanum kazhiyunna "svarggathilekkulla jaalakamaan" oru aikkan. chinnatthinte swarnna nilam soochippikkunnathu chithreekarichirikkunnathu svarggathilaanennu. srishtikkappedaatha prakaashatthinte (greeka άκτιστον φος) allengil chinnathiloode thilangunna daivakripayude pratheekamaanu haalo. suedo-dionysius dhii aaropaajait thante "aakaashashrenikalil" daivakripayaal maalaakhamaarum vishudharum prakaashikkappedunnathinum mattullavare prakaashikkunnathinekkur samsaarikkunnu.
vyathyastha padangalude uthbhavavum upayogavum.
vividha tharatthilulla haloic engleeshil upayogikkunna badal padangal thammilulla vyathyasam valare vyakthamalla. engleeshile ettavum pazhaya padam "mahathvam" aanu, madhyakaalakhattathil labhyamaya oreyoru padam, ennaal ippol kaalaharanappettathaan. mahathvam" ennathinu samanamaaya ardhangalulla franch bhashayil ninnaan ithu vannath. "1844 vare "gloriol" eee ardhathil prathyakshappettilla, oru aadhunika kandupiduthamaayi, oru cheria roopamaayi, franch bhashayilum. "1646-ll (opttikkal allengil jyotishaasthra ardhathinu ekadesham oru noottaand kazhinju) eee ardhathil engleeshilaanu "haalo" aadyamaayi kaanappedunnath. halos", "halos" enniva bahuvachana roopangalaayi upayogikkaam, haalo oru kriyayayi upayogikkaam. kalimannu" ennartham varunna greak padatthil ninnaan haalo varunnath-valare vrithiyaayi sookshichirikkunna vrithaakrithiyilulla, cheruthaayi charinja pradesham, adimakaloo kaalakalo daanyam vettunnathinayi nadakkunnu. greekkil, ithu oru divyavum thilakkamullathumaaya disk ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu.
 laattin bhashayil "megham" ennaal 1616ll "divya megham" ennu kaanapedunnu, athesamayam "thalaykku chuttumulla thilakkamullatho svarnnamo aaya oru disk" 1727 vare prathyakshappettilla. bahuvachanam sariyaanu, pakshe "apoorvamaanu"; "nimbasukal" oidiyil illengilum chilappol upayogikkunnu. naamatthinte kaalaharanapetta roopamaanu, pakshe oru kriyayalla, kaalaharanapetta "nimbetted" ennathinartham saadhaarana "nimbett" ennathupole "nimbus kondu sajjeekarichirikkunnu" ennaanu. haloyekkaal saankethikamaayi thonnunnathinaal chilappol kalacharithrakaaranmaar ithu eshtappedunnu.
laattin bhashayil "swarnna" ennartham varunna swarnna kireedam enna padamaayi engleeshil upayogikkunnu, prathyekichu madhyakaalakhattam muthal (1220) parambaraagathamaayi rakthasaakshikalude prathifalamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna swarnna kireedam. ennirunnaalum, oru haalo enna padatthinte aadya upayogam 1848-laanu, valare taamasiyaathe adolph nepolian dedroninte pradhana "kristhyan iconography allengil, madhyakaalakhattatthile kristhyan kalayude charithram" ennathinte engleesh vivarthanathinte 1851-leeii prasidheekaranam karyangal valare sankeernamaakki. ithu, oidi "vichitramaaya abaddham" ennu vilikkunnathiloode, laattin bhashayil ninnu oru cheria padamaayi eee vaakk uruthirinju, koodaathe shareeram muzhuvan moodunna haalo allengil mahathvam ennarthathil ithine nirvachichu, athesamayam "nimbus" thalaykku chuttumulla halo maathram soochippikkunnuvennu parayunnu. ithu, oo. iii. dii. parayunnathanusarichu, rund vaakkukaludeyum charitraparamaaya upayogam vipareethamaakki, ennaal dedroninte diktaatt "fraansil amgeekarikkappettilla", ithu ithinakam thanne niravadhi engleesh nighandukkal eduthittundennum engleeshile upayogathe swaadheenichittundennum oo. iii. dii. abhiprayappettu, ithu ippozhum angane thanneyaanennu thonnunnu, kaaranam "nimbus" enna vaakk muzhuvan shareera halosin vivarikkunnu, koodaathe ore dishayilulla "glorioleyum" swaadheenichathaayi thonnunnu.
1883ll aadyamaayi prathyakshappetta "mandorla" enna engleesh padam, athaayath oru poornna shareera haalo ennartham varunnathum thalaykku chuttumulla vrithaakrithiyilulla disk upayogikkaan kazhiyathathumaaya oreyoru engleesh padamaanu. ennirunnaalum, "badaam" ennathinulla itaaliyan padamaaya eee padam saadhaaranayaayi vesica piskis aakruthikkaayi neekkivachirikkunnu, kuranjathu kristhyan kalaye vivarikkunnathil. eshyan kalayekkurichu charcha cheiyunnathil ithu kooduthal vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu. allaathapaksham, oru head-disk allengil phul-body halo soochippikkaan kazhiyunna padangalude adhikamundenn parayaam, koodaathe vesika piskis aakruthiyilullathallaatha oru phul-body halo vyakthamaayi soochippikkunna oru vakkumilla. "sameepakaala nighandukkal anusarichu, "haalo" ennaal thalaykku chuttumulla oru vritham maathramaan, ennirunnaalum reeyum turman vrithaakrithiyilulla phul body ooriyolukalkkum eee vaakk upayogikkunnu.