
amerikkayil prakshepanam

pathonpathaam noottaandil wireless transmission pareekshanangalode amerikkayil prakshepanam aarambhichu, vijayathinte vyathyastha alavukalode. saankethikavidyayil aakrishtaraaya radio hobiyistukalaayirunnu thudakkathil eee prakshepanangal nadathiyathu. saankethikavidyakal poortheekarichukazhinjaal, radio sainika, vaanijya upayokthaakkalkk orupole aavashyamaayi maari. oduvil, prakshepanam raajyathudaneelam valia swaadheenam cheluthum. valarcha television prakshepanatthe fiction, vaarthakal, sports, reality television thudangi niravadhi vibhagangalaayi vibhajichu. cable television kooduthal chaanalukal nalki, prathyekichu vinodathinaayi. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode radio (soundu) prakshepanam samanamaaya reethiyil vibhajikkapettu, oru prathyeka sangeetha vibhaagathilo vaarthakalilo kaayika enangalilo prathyekathayulla steshanukal.
charithram.
thudakkam.
1901-ll reginald abri fessenden oru manushyashabdathe thudarchayaaya hertsian tharamgathil adichelppikkunnathil vijayichappol prakshepanatthinulla saadhyathayilekku oru supradhana chuvaduveppu nadatthi. eee pareekshanatthile vijayam kooduthal noothana upakaranangalude aavasyakatha srishtichu, athil thante prakshepanam vahikkaan aavashyamaaya vaidyuthi ulppaadippikkaan paryapthamaaya oru alternating-karant janarettar ulppedunnu. fessendon tii yude pinthuna labhichu.echu. nalkiyathum hayy wacker juuniyar. general elaktrikkil ninnu sakthamaaya oru janarettar vaangaan panam sambhavana cheythu. addeham athu maa, braant rokkil sthaapikkukayum 1906 desember 24 nuu praadeshika samayam ratri 9 manikk addeham oru prakshepanam aarambikkukayum athu kadalil niravadhi yunaittad fruit kambani kappalukalkk kelkkaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. oru aamukhathinu sesham, paripaadiyil inipparayunnava ulppedunnu
chrismus aashamsakalodeyum shrothaakkalkk avane ezhuthaanum avar evideyaayirunnaalum prakshepanatthil report cheyyaanumulla abhyarthanayodum koodi prakshepanam cheiyunnu. vestt indees vare doore ninnu ketta thante shrothaakkalil palaril ninnum fessendon kathukal labhichu.
niravadhi vyakthikal avarudethaaya prakshepana reethikal pareekshikkunnath thudarnnu. udaaharanathinu, kaaliforniyayile saan josile chaals herold 1909 eprilil thanne saan josile dauntaunile thante herold school electronics instittyoottil ninnu saan jose colling enna identification upayogichu prakshepanam ayachu, thudarnnu yunaittad stetts vaanijya vakupp radio niyantrikkaan thudangiyappol vividha kooll chinnangal. addehathinte steshane aadyam efn ennum pinneedu sjn (orupakshe niyamavirudhamaayi) ennum vilichirunnu. 1912 aayappozhekkum radio oopparettarmaar signalukal ayaykkunnathinu licenses nedendathundennu sarkkar aavasyappedaan thudangi. heroldinu 1916-ll 6xf, 6xe (oru mobail traansmittar) ennivaykkulla licensukal labhichu. onnaam lokamahaayudham pravartthanangal thadassappeduthiyappol ekadesham oru pathittaandolam addeham divasena sampreshanam cheiyukayaayirunnu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathil amerikkayude pankaalittham hobiyistukalude varkshoppil ninnu prakshepanatthe oru mahathaaya vediyilekku kondupookunna mattangal konduvarum. yudhathiludaneelam kappalukal, vimanangal, theerapradeshangal ennivaykkidayil sandeshangal sampreshanam cheyyaan yunaittad stetts naavikasena prakshepanam upayogikkum. saadhaaranakkaarkku eluppathil upayogikkaan kazhiyunna tharatthil lalithamaaya nirmmaana, pravartthana aavasyakathakalulla radio upakaranangalude vanthothilulla ulppaadanamaayirunnu prakshepanathinaayulla naavikasenayude aavashyathinte phalam. vesting house sr-70 polulla reseaverukal kuranja saankethika kazhivu aavasyamulla orotta, svayam ulkkollunna unitaayirunnu. yudhathethudarnnu, eee unitukal valare samriddhavum nyayamaaya vilayullathayirunnathinaal phalatthil oro amerikkakkaaranum orennam swanthamaakkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu. eee vishalamaaya labhyatha ellaavareyum ulkkollunna oru vipani saakshaathkarikkunnathil nayichu.
vaanijya vikasanam.
vishalamaaya upabhokthru aditharayaayi varthikkunna oru valia prekshakarude aduthekku athicheraan aavashyamaaya mooladhanam uthppaadippikkunnathin prakshepana korppareshanukalude roopeekaranam aavashyamaayirunnu. niravadhi pareekshanakaaranmar fessendante "naashanal electric signalling kambani" ulppede svanthamaayi korppareshanukal srishtichu.marconi wireless telegraph kambani oof america (american marconi) ozhike eee korppareshanukalil bhooribhaagavum valarekkalam nilaninnilla.1919 november 10nuu american marconi athinte ellah swathukkalum vittazhikkumbol eee kambani oduvil radio korppareshan oof americaykku (rca) vazhimari.
aarcayumaayi (general elaktrikkinte anubandha sthaapanamaayirunna) malsarikkunnathinu, vesting house prakshepanam athinte radio settukalude vilppana prachaaranavum pratheekshichu vipaniyil praveshichu. 1920 october 27nuu vaanijya vakupp vesting hausinu pittsburgil kooll lettezhs keey. dii. keey. eiii. prakaram prakshepanam cheyyaan anumathi nalki. 1920 november 2nuu avar aaa varshathe president thiranjeduppinte phalangal report cheiyunnathinaayi amerikkayil aadyathe vaanijya prakshepanangal aarambhichu. madangivarunnathinulla samayam niraykkaan avar vaayuviloode samgeetham play cheyyaan oru kaii-murivu phonograph upayogichu.
kambani amstrong-vidyaarthi pettantukal etteduthathil ninnu vikasippichedutha mikacha vesting house upakaranangalude falamaayi keey. dii. keey valare vijayakaramaya prakshepana kendramaanennu theliyikkum. vesting housumaayi malsarikkunnathinu pakaram, general electric (ge), rca, ettu & tii enniva 1921 juun 30 nuu kambaniyumaayi oru sakhyam roopeekarichu. naalu kambanikaludeyum udamasthathayilulla pettantukal samyojippichu, prakshepana prakriya mechappeduthunnathinum reseaverukalude gunanilavaaram vardhippikkunnathinum avar pravartthikkum.
vesting house, ge, rca enniva praadhamikamaayi radio reseaverukal pothujanagalkk nirmmikkukayum vilkkukayum cheiyunnathinte falamaayundaakunna prakshepanatthinte paroksha laabhathil shradha kendreekarikkumbol, eiii. tii. aandu tii prakshepanangalil ninnu nerittu labham nedunnathinulla oru maargam kandethunnathil shradha kendreekarichu. avar "toll broadcasting" enna ashayam srishtichu, athu arcum avar thiranjedukkunna eathu sandeshavum prakshepanam cheyyaan licensulla eiii. tii. tii radio steshan upayogikkaan anuvadichu. upabhokthaakkalil ninnu avar eppol samayam vaangaan aagrahikkunnu (divasathile chila samayangal kooduthal moolyavathaayirunnu), ethranaal sampreshanam cheyyaan aagrahikkunnu ennathine adisthaanamaakki phees eedaakkum. prakshepanatthinu dhanasahayam nalkunnathinaayi parasyadaathaakkalkku samaya blokkukal vilkkuka enna ashayam janichathu eee aashayathil ninnaan. atharam aadyathe "radio toll steshan" newyork nagaratthile dablyu. bay (pinneedu veefumaayi samyojippichu) aayirunnu, athu 1922 juulai 25 nuu pravarthanamaarambhichu.
vesting house, ge, rca, ettu & tii ennivayellaam valare vijayakaramaayirunnu, angane federal gavanmentinu prakshepana lokath avarude aadhipathyathil thaalpparyamundaayi. eee kambanikalkku adhikaarathinte kendreekaranathekkurichu kongrasile vividha amgangal aashankaakularaayirunnu, prathyekichum athu vivarangalude ozhukkine sambandhichathinaal. 1923 march 3 nuu federal trade commissioninode (eph. tii. sii) radio vyavasaayathekkurich anweshanam aarambikkaan kongras aavasyappettu, vishwaasa virudha niyamangalude lamghanangal nadakkunnundo ennu kandethuka.
radio vyavasaayathekkurichulla federal trade kammeeshante report" enna thalakkettil patanam poortthiyaakkiya sesham, eph. tii. sii. westinghouse, jii. iii, aarr. sii. eiii, eiii. tii & tii enniva "malsaram niyanthrikkunnathinum radio upakaranangalude antharsamsthaana vaanijyathil nirmmaanam, vaangal, vilppana ennivayil kuthaka srishtikkunnathinum uddeshyathode samyojippikkukayum goodaalochana nadathukayum cheythuvennu kongrasil oru aupachaarika parati nalki...aabhyanthara, transocianic ashayavinimayathilum prakshepanatthilum."1924 meyy maasathil eee vishayathil kongras vaadam kelkkal aarambikkum.
athesamayam, vesting house, ge, rca, eiii. tii & tii enniva thammilulla tharkkangal prakshepana vyavasaayathil adhikaarathil kaaryamaaya maattathilekku nayikkum. vesting house, ge, rca enniva eiii. tii. tii. yeei prakshepanatthil ninnu poornnamaayum nirthalaakkukayum deseeya prakshepana kambani (enbisi) roopeekarikkukayum cheyyum. aarr. sii. eiii. kku enn. bii. siyude 50 sathamaanavum jii. iii. kku 30 sathamaanavum vesting hausinu 20 sathamaanavum oharikalundaakum.
netvarkkukal vikasippikkuka.
1926ll newyorkkum mattu kizhakkan nagarangalum thammilulla telephone linkukalode deseeya prakshepana kambani pathivayi prakshepanam aarambhichu. chuvapp, neela netvarkkukalaayi vibhajikkapetta enn. bii. sii. prabalamaaya radio nettvarkkaayi maari.
power shift undaayirunnittum, vesting house, ge, rca ennivayumaayi pettantukal pankidaanulla kazhivu eiii. tii. aandu tii nilanirtthi. ithu 1930 meyy maasathil naalu kambanikalkkumethire neethinyaaya vakupp oru aanti-trastt cases phayal cheiyunnathilekku nayichu. vichaarana ozhivakkaan, 1931 ll pettant sakhyathil ninnu eiii. tii. aandu tii pinmaarukayum backie moonnu kambanikal svanthamaayi vivaahamochana padhathi vikasippikkukayum athu aarr. sii. eye enn. bii. siyude eaka udamayaayi maattukayum cheythu.
1939-leeii federal communications kammeeshante theerumaanatthil enn. bii. sii. athinte blue netvarkkil ninnu svayam vichedikkendathundu. 1943leeii oru vidhiyil supreme kodathi aaa theerumaanam nilanirtthi, naashanal broadcasting qoo. vii. radio-freekwansiyude "kuravu" ennathinartham mattu maadhyamangale apekshichu prakshepanam kooduthal niyanthranathinu vidheyamaanennu chattakkood sthaapicha america. eee blue network network american broadcasting kambaniyaayi (abc) maari. 1946 oode abc, enbisi, cbs enniva pathivayi television prakshepanam aarambhichu. mattoru television shringalayaaya dumont television shringhala neratthe sthaapithamaayenkilum 1956ll pirichuvittu.
1950-kalilum 1960-kalilum.
prakshepana shringalakalude pradhana varumaana srotassaayi radio television maatti sthaapikkaan thudangi. eee dashakathil thokkukalum maarganirddeshavum ulppede niravadhi radio paripaadikal thudarnnenkilum 1960 aayappozhekkum netvarkkukal vinoda paripaadikalude nirmmaanam nirtthi.
pathinanju minitt muthal manikkoor vareyulla aupachaarika paripaadikal nirmmikkunnath radio nirtthiyathode oru puthiya formet vikasichu. "oru disk jokey avatharippicha hraswa poppu gaanangalude thudarchayaaya bhramanathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu 'topp 40'."aaa kaalaghattatthile prashastha disk jokkikalil alaan freed, dick clark, doonn imas, wolfman jacq enniva ulppedunnu. mikacha 40 playlistukal saidhaanthikamaayi record vilpanaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu; ennirunnaalum, record kambanikal thiranjeduttha kalakaaranmaare avatharippikkan disk jokkikalkku kaikkooli nalkaan thudangi, athu payola ennu vilikkapettu.
1950kalil american television shringalakal niratthilulla prakshepanangal avatharippichu. (federal communications kammeeshan 1953 desemberil lokathile aadyathe monocrome-anuyojyamaaya kalar television staanderdinu amgeekaaram nalki. 1954 januvari 1 nuu aadyathe network kalarkaast, kaaliforniyayile pasadenayil enbisi rosaappookkalude vaarshika toornament sampreshanam cheythu. raajyathudaneelamulla 20-ladhikam steshanukalilekku.) oru vidyaabhyaasa television shringhala, deseeya vidyaabhyaasa television (nettu), pbsinte mungamiyaayi sthaapikkappettu.