
malinabhoomi

tii ezhuthiya oru kavithayaan dhaa vesttu land. ezz. irupathaam noottaandile ettavum pradhanappetta kavithakalilonnayum aadhunika kavithakalude kendra kruthiyaayum parakke kanakkaakkappedunna eliot. 1922ll prasidheekaricha 434 varikalulla eee kavita aadyamaayi prathyakshappettath yunaittad kingdatthil eliyattinte "dhii kraiteeriyan" enna october lakkathilum amerikkayil "dhii dial" enna november lakkathilumaan. 1922 desemberil pusthaka roopathil prasidheekaricha eee kruthi, "epril ettavum krooramaaya maasamaan", "oru pidi podiyil njaan ningalkk bhayam kanikkum", "eee sakalangal njaan ente avashishtangalkkethire shekharichu", "dattha, dayaadhvam, damayat", "shanti shanti" ennee samskritha manthrangal ulppedunnu.
hollie grail, fisher king ennivayude aithihyathe samakaalika britiish samoohathinte vignettukalumaayi eliyattinte kavita samyojippikkunnu. paashchaathya kanoninekkurichu eliot niravadhi soochanakal upayogikkunnu oovidinte roopaantharangal, daantheyude "divya komadi", shakespeare, milttan, budhamatha thiruvezhuthukal, hindu upanishathukal, samakaalika janapriya gaanamaya "shakespeare raag" enniva."prabhashakan, sthaanam, samayam ennivayude pettennullathum aprakhyapithavumaaya maattangalum vishalavum vairudhyapoornavumaaya samskaarangaludeyum saahithyangaludeyum roopeekaranavum ulkkollunna aakshepahaasyathinteyum pravachanathinteyum shabdangalkkidayil eee kavita maarunnu.
kavithaye anchu bhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. aadyathethu, "marichavarude shavasamskaram", niraashayudeyum niraashayudeyum vaividhyamaarnna prameyangal avatharippikkunnu. randaamathethu, "chess geyim", marimari vivaranagal upayogikkunnu, athil niravadhi kathaapaathrangalude vignettukal aaa prameyangale pareekshanaathmakamaayi abhisambodhana cheiyunnu. "hippoyudeyum kizhakkan mathangaludeyum aagasttin swaadheenicha maranathinteyum svayam nirasikkalinteyum veekshanangalumayi bandhappett "agniprasangam" enna moonnaamathe vibhaagam oru daarshanika dhyanam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. vellathaal maranam" enna naalaamathe vibhaagathin sesham, athil oru hrasvamaaya gaanaparamaya nivedanam ulppedunnu, anchaam bhagam, "idiminnal enthaanu paranjathu", vidhiyude oru chithrathode avasaanikkunnu.
rachanayude charithram.
ezhuthunnu.
1922-ll athinte aadya prasidheekaranathinu munbu niravadhi varshangalolam eee paatatthil eliot pravarthichirikkaam. 1921 meyy maasathil newyork abhibhashakanum aadhunikathayude rakshaadhikaariyumaaya joonn kvinninu ezhuthiya kathil, eliot ezhuthi, "oru neenda kavita manassil undaayirunnu, bhaagikamaayi kadalaasil, athu poortthiyaakkaan njaan aagrahikkunnu".
richard aldington thante ormmakkurippukalil vivarikkunnath, "oru varshamo athil kooduthalo" munbu, landanile "paazhaya bhoomi" yude kaiyezhuthuprathi draaft eliot thanne sandarshichirunnu ennaanu. oru shmashaanathiloode nadannupokumbol, thomas greyude "oru grameena pallithottatthil ezhuthiya shokaganam" avar charcha cheythu. aldington ezhuthunnu "elot ithrayadhikam janapriyamaaya oru kaaryathe prashamsikkunnuvenn kandu njaan athbhuthappettu, thudarnnu thante parimithikalekkurichu bodhavaanmaraaya oru samakaalika kavi thante ellah sammaanangalum atharamoru kavithayil kendreekarikkukayaanenkil, avan samanamaaya vijayam nediyekkaam ennu paranju."
eathenkilum tharatthilulla naadee takaraar kandethiya eliottinu vishramam shupaarsha cheyyukayum thaan jolie cheythirunna baankil ninnu moonnu maasathe avadhikkaayi apekshikkukayum cheythu; staaf cardle paranjirikkunna kaaranam "naadee takaraar" aayirunnu. adhehavum addehathinte aadya bhaarya vivian hayy-wood eliyattum oru kaalayalavilekku rogamukthi nedunnathinaayi kentile maargett enna theeradesha resortilekku yaatra cheythu. avide aayirikkumbol, eliot kavithayil pravartthikkukayum 1921 novemberil eliyattukal paareesilekk yaatra cheyyukayum addehathodoppam thaamasikkukayum cheythappol ezra poundinte aadyakaala pathipp kaanikkukayum cheythu. autolin moral shupaarsha cheytha doctor rogger vittosinte chikilsaykkaayi eleett swittsarlandile losanilekku povukayaayirunnu; vivian paareesinu purathulla oru aarogyakendrathil thaamasikkendathaayirunnu. ste hotelil. loosil (1938 muthal hotel elaitt nilakollunna), eliot kavithayude 19 pejulla pathipp nirmmichu. 1922 januvari aadyam addeham losaanil ninnu madangi. poundu vishadamaaya edittoriyal abhipraayangalum kayyezhuthuprathiyil kaaryamaaya vettikkuravukalum nadatthi. eliot pinneedu kavita poundinu samarppichu. vivian, eliot ennivar ezhuthiya kathukal kavithayude srishtiyekkurichu kurachu ulkkaazhcha nalkunnu.
kaiyezhuthuprathikalude drafttukal.
1922 octoberil joonn kvinninu eliot eee kavithayude kaiyezhuthuprathi drafttukal ayachu; avaa 1923 januvariyil newyorkkile kvinnil ethi. 1924ll kvinninte maranashesham avaa addehathinte sahodari juuliya aandezhsaninu paarambaryamaayi labhichu. varshangalkk sesham, 1950kalude thudakkathil, srimati aandezhsante makal merii konroy rekhakal sambharaniyil kandethi. 1958ll avar avaa newyork public libraric svakaaryamaayi vittu.
kaviyude maranathinu moonnu varshathinu sesham 1968 epril vare, kaviyude randaam bharya vidhavayumaya valery eliyattine kayyezhuthuprathiyude draafttukalude nilanilppum sthalavum ariyichu. 1971ll, fayber faber yadhaartha draafttukalude oru "faximile traanscriptum" prasidheekarichu, ithu valery elot edittu cheyyukayum vyaakhyaanikkukayum cheythu. poundu edittoriyal maattangalkk munbulla muzhuvan kavitayum faisimailil adangiyirikkunnu.
editting.
avasaanamaayi prasidheekaricha pathippinekkaal eratti metteeriyal ithil undayirunnathaayi kavithayude drafttukal velippeduthunnu. elisabath thanne valia bhagangal neekkam cheythuvenkilum ezra poundinte nirddeshicha mattangal moolamaanu ganyamaaya vettikkuravukal bhaagikamaayi sambhavichathu.
epril ettavum krooramaaya maasamaan, chattha bhoomiyil ninnu prajananam/lilaakkukal"-enna kavithayude aadya varikal typescriptinte randaam pejinte mukalbhagam vare prathyakshappettilla. typescriptinte aadya pejil theruvu shabdathil 54 varikal undaayirunnu, athu randaamathe vibhaagathinte avasaanathil nammal veendum kelkkunnu, "chess geyim". eee peju eliot thanne pensilil cheruthaayi cross cheythathayi thonnunnu.
eliot samanamaaya krameekaranangal varuthiyathinte niravadhi adayaalangalum viviyante niravadhi pradhana abhipraayangalum undengilum, ettavum pradhanappetta edittoriyal inputt vyakthamaayi poundintethaanu, addeham kavithayil niravadhi murivukal shupaarsha cheythu.
'tea time typist hoome' vibhaagam yadhaarthathil jambic pentaameettarinte poornnamaayum saadhaarana charanangalilaayirunnu, "abab" enna oru praasapadhathiyulla-eee samayat eliyattinte chinthakalil undaayirunna greyude "leji" yude athe roopamaayirunnu. karadinte eee vibhaagathinethireyulla poundinte kuripp "athinte bhooribhaagavum urappunalkunna padyam pole rasakaramallaatha padyam" aanu. oduvil, naalu varikalulla padangalude kramam upekshichu.
oru pathippile 'agniprasamgathinte' thudakkathil, alexander poppinte 'poottine balaalsangam' enna kruthiyude anukaranatthil veerochithamaaya rund vaakyangalil oru neenda bhagam undaayirunnu. athu oru lady fresca (muun kavithayaya "gerontian" ll prathyakshappettavar) vivarikkunnu. richard elman paranju, "avalude toylet maarppaappayude bellinda pole akkunnathinupakaram, fresca athilekku pookunnu, joyisinte poovu pole."varikal ingane
elman parayunnu "pappa eee rund vaakkukal nannayi cheythathinaal, malavisarjanam aasvadichathinaal mattoru roundil ardhamillennu poundu eliottinu munnariyipp nalki."
anchu vibhaagangalkkidayil elot cherkkaan aagrahikkunna chila hraswa kavithakalum poundu ozhivaakki. ivayilonnu, 'dirj' ennu perittirunna aaa pishach, aarambikkunnu.
eliyattinte bhaarya viviyanninte abhyarthana maanich, "eiii geyim oof chess" vibhaagathile moonnu varikal kavithayil ninnu neekkam cheythu "njangal chess kalikkum/anakkombu purushanmaar njangalkkidayil koottukoodum/adappillaatha annukal amarthi vathilil muttunnathinayi kaathirikkum". eee vibhaagam avarude vaivaahika jeevithathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, eee varikal valare velippeduthunnathaayi avalkk thonniyittundaakam. ennirunnaalum, "anakkombu purushanmaar" enna varikk ardhamundaayirikkaam 1960-ll, viviyante maranathinu pathimoonnu varshathinu sesham, addeham lunden library sahayikkunnathinaayi vilppanaykkaayi nirmmicha oru pakarppil addeham eee varii chertthu, athil ninnu addeham annu prasidantaayirunnu; ithinu 2,800 poundu labhichu. rupert hart-davis lelathinaayi yadhaartha kaiyezhuthuprathi abhyarthichirunnu, pakshe elottinu athu valarekkalam munbu nashtappettu (varshangalkk sesham amerikkayil ithu kandethi).
1921 desember avasaanathode, kavithayude "jananam" aaghoshikkunnathinaayi elaittinu ezhuthiya kathil, poundu "sej hoome" enna peril 48 varikalulla oru vichitramaaya kavita ezhuthi, athil addeham elaittine kavithayude ammayayi thiricharinju, pakshe svayam midwifeumaayi thaarathamyam cheythu. aadyathe varikal ivayaanu
prasidheekarana charithram.
editting aarambhikkunnathin munbu, eliot oru prasaadhakane kandethi. newyork publishing sthaapanamaaya boony & livaraittinte hooras livarait, eesra poundumaayulla niravadhi metingukalkkaayi pareesilaayirunnu. 1922 januvari 3 nuu oru athaazhavirunnil (1922 kavithayil kaanuka) poundu, jaims joys (ulysus), eliot ennivarude kruthikalkkaayi addeham oofarukal nalki. sharatkaala prasidheekaranathinaayi aasoothranam cheytha kavithayude pusthaka pathippin 15 sathamaanam royaltti labhikkendathaayirunnu.
thante varumanam paramavadhi vardhippikkunnathinum vishalamaaya prekshakarilekku athunnathinum, eliot maasikakalumayi oru karar thedukayum cheythu. dial" maasikayude lunden karaspondantum athinte saha udamayum saha edittarumaaya scofield thaayarinte koleju suhruthum aayathinal "dial" oru anuyojyamaaya thiranjeduppaayirunnu. kavithaykku 150 dollar (34 poundu) vaagdaanam cheytha dialinu (saadhaarana nirakkinekkaal 25 sathamaanam kooduthal) oru varshathe srishtiyude moolyam valare kuravaayirikkumennathil vanchakan aswasthanaayirunnu, prathyekichum mattoru sambhaavanakkaaran oru cherukathaykku asaadhaaranamaaya nashtapariharam nalkiyathaayi kandethiyathinal. dial" ennathumaayulla karar eathaandu parajayappettu (mattu maasikakal "littil review", "vaanity fair" ennivayaayi kanakkakkappettu), ennaal poundinte parishramatthode oduvil oru karar undaakki, avide 150 dollarinu purame, eliottinu "dayalinte" randaamathe vaarshika sammanam kathukalkkulla mikacha sevanathinu nalkum. 2, 000 dollar (450 poundu) aayirunnu sammanam.
venalkkaalathinte avasaanathil newyorkkil (vakkeel saahitya rakshaadhikaariyumaaya joonn kvinnumaayi, eliyattinte thaalpparyangale prathinidheekarikkunna) bony liverlite "dial" ennathumaayi oru karar undaakki, boniyil ninnum liverlightil ninnum 350 koppikal vaangaan sammathichaal amerikkayil kavita aadyam prasidheekarikkaan maasikaye anuvadikkunnu. bony livaraittum avarude prarambha vilppana vardhippikkunnathinu "dial" sammanam eliottinu nalkunnathinte pracharanam upayogikkum.
eliot aarambhich edittu cheytha oru saahitya maasikayaaya "dhii kraiteeriyan" nte aadya lakkathil (october 1922) rachayithaavinte kurippukalillaathe eee kavita aadyamaayi yukeyil prasidheekarichu. 1922 novemberil "dial" maasikayude (yadhaarthathil october avasaanathode prasidheekaricha) lakkathilaanu amerikkayil eee kavita aadyamaayi prathyakshappettath. 1922 desemberil, kurippukal achadikkunna aadya prasidheekaranamaaya boony & livervite amerikkayil pusthaka roopathil eee kavita prasidheekarichu. 1923 septambaril, eliyattinte suhruthukkalaaya leonard virgenia woolf nadathunna oru swakaarya pathramaya hogarth pras, virgenia woolfinte handset type aaya "dhii vesttu land" enna pusthakatthinte aadya yuke pathipp 450 koppikalude pathippil prasidheekarichu.
paazhaya bhoomi" yude prasidheekarana charithravum (athupole thanne pishaachukkalude kavithakaludeyum gadyathinteyum mattu bhaagangalum) donald gallup rekhappeduthiyittundu.
1922ll lloyds baankil 500 poundu (2,215 dollar) vaarshika shambalam labhicha eliot, dial, boony & liverlight, hogarth pras prasidheekaranangal enniva upayogichu ekadesham 630 poundu (2,800 dollar) sambaadichu.
thalakkett.
addeham poleesine vyathyastha shabdangalil cheiyunnu" enna kavithaykku arhathayundennu eliot aadyam karuthi. eliot enna kavithayude pathippil, 'marichavarude shavasamskaram', 'chess kalii' ennee kavithayude aadya rund bhagangal eee thalakkettin keezhil prathyakshappettu. eee vichitramaaya vaachakam chaals dickensinte "njangalude paraspara suhruthu" enna novalil ninnaan eduthathu, athil vidhava betti higen thante datheduttha foundling makanekkurich parayunnu, "ningal athu chinthichekkilla, pakshe sloppy oru pathratthinte manoharamaaya vaayanakkaaranaanu. avan poleesine vyathyastha shabdangalil vilikkunnu."kavithayil niravadhi vyathyastha shabdangal (samsarikkunnavar) undengilum, oru kendrabodham maathrameyulloo enna sidhaanthathe pinthunaykkaan chila vimarshakar eee pravartthana sheershakam upayogikkunnu. eee thalakkett nirasichathiloode nashtappettathenthaanenna eliot tyrasiyakalekkurichulla thante kurippile thante kathaapaathrangalude samaanathakalekkurich abhipraayappettukondu punasthaapikkaan nirbandhithanaayirikkaam, 'tyrasias kaanunnath yadhaarthathil kavithayude sathayaanu.'
oduvil, elot thiranjeduttha thalakkett "paazhaya bhoomi" aayirunnu. aachaarathil ninnu pranayam vare" enna grail ithihaasathekkurichulla jessy vesttante pusthakamaanu eee kavithayude aadya kurippil addeham eee thalakkett ennu aaropikkunnu. mathsyathozhilaali raajaavinte murivelppikkalinekkur thudarnnulla addehathinte bhoomikalude vandhyathayekkurichum soochanayundu; raajaavine punasthaapikkaanum addehathinte bhoomi veendum phalabhooyishtamaakkaanum, grail kvasttar chodikkanam, "ningalkkenthaanu asukham?"1913-ll maadisan keyne" "vesttu land" "enna peril oru kavita prasidheekarichu; pandithanmaar eee kavithaye vanjakarkkulla prachodanamaayi thiricharinju".
kavithayude thalakkett palappozhum thettayi "paazhaya bhoomi" (vesttan upayogichathupole) allengil "paazhaya bhoomi" ennu nalkunnu, krithyamaaya lekhanam ozhivaakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, ezra poundinu ayacha kathil, "dhii" ennathil aarambikkunna moonnu vaakkukalullathaanu thalakkett ennu eliot maanyamaayi vaadichu.
ghadana.
petroniyasinte "saattirikkon" enna kruthiyude 48-aamm adhyaayathil ninnulla laattin, purathana greak likhithamaanu eee kavithaykku munpp
ezra poundinu" "ill miglier fabro" "ennu vaayikkunna oru samarppanamaan (1925 leeii republicationil chertthathu) likhithathe pinthudarunnathu". ivide eliot, danteyude "purgattoriyo" yile kaantoo XXVI-yude 117-aamm variyum, "daivika komadi" yude randaamathe kaantikkayum udharikkunnu, avide daane troubador aarnaut danieline "maathrubhaashayile ettavum mikacha smith" ennu nirvachikkunnu, koodaathe poundinte "dhii spiritt oof romans" (1910)-nte randaam adhyaayathinte thalakettum addeham "mikacha karakaushalakkaaran" enna padaprayogam vivarthanam cheythu. 1922-ll boony & livarait pathippil eliot mashiyilaanu eee samarppanam aadyam ezhuthiyathu; pinneedu bhaaviyile pathippukalil ithu ulppeduthi.
paazhaya bhoomi" yude anchu bhaagangalkk arhathayunda
kavithayude paatatthe thudarnnu addehathinte roopakangal, paraamarshangal, soochanakal enniva vishadeekarikkaan uddeshichulla niravadhi thaalukalude kurippukal undu. eee kurippukalil chilath kavithaye vyaakhyaanikkaan sahaayakaramaan, ennaal chilath kooduthal aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunu, koodaathe ettavum atharyamaaya pala bhaagangalum rekhappeduthappedaathe avasheshikkunnu. paazhaya bhoomi" oru prathyeka pusthakatthil achadikkunnathine nyaayeekarikkan eliyattinte prasadhakan enthengilum kooduthal samayam aavasyappettathine thudarnnaanu nottukal chertthathu. eee kurippukalulla kavita prasidheekarichu muppath varshathinu sesham, "tarro cardukalkkum hollie grailinum sesham niravadhi anweshakare kaattupoocha vettayaadalil ayachathil" eliot khedam prakadippichu.
paazhaya bhoomi" ennathu oro kavithaasamaahaaramaayirikkaana (avaa ulppeduthunnathinekkuthu addehathinte abhipraayangalkk poundu cheyyaan adhika kavithakal nalkappettu) atho anchu vibhaagangalulla oru kavithayayi kanakkaakkappedukayaano ennu chila chodyangalundu.
jessy vesttan thante "phram rectule tuu romans" (1920) enna pusthakatthil vivarichirikkunnathu, fisher king kathaye chuttipattiyulla sasyakathakal, hollie grail naadodikkadhakal enniva ayanja reethiyil pinthudarunnathinaanu kavithayude ghadana. vesttante pusthakam kavithayude gadanayude kendramaayirunnu, ithu elittu thante "paazhaya bhoomiyekkurichulla kurippukalil" udharicha aadyathe paatamaayirunnu.
shaili.
kavithayiludaneelam varnnasabalamaaya mattu grandhangalil ninnulla niravadhi soochanakalum udharanikalum (classic, avyaktham; "hibro", "lobro") kavithayude sailiye adayaalappeduthunnu. boudeleyar, daante alikhiyeri, shakespeare, oovid, hommer thudangiya kavikalil ninnulla niravadhi "hibro" paraamarsangalkkum udharanikalkkum purame, wagnerude libretti, eliyattil "lobro" vibhaagangalekkurichulla niravadhi paraamarshangalum ulppedunnu. gaanarachayithavaaya herman rooby jeane buck chernnu 1912ll rachicha "dhaa shakespearean raag" enna janapriya gaanathil ninnulla eliyattinte udharaniyaanu ithinu oru nalla udaaharanam. elottinte yadhaartha kayyezhuthuprathiyude aadya vibhaagathil niravadhi thaazhnna thalatthilulla paraamarshangalum undaayirunnu (kavithaykku "addeham vyathyastha shabdangalil poleesine cheiyunnu" enna thalakkett undaayirunnappol), ennaal elot eee yadhaartha udghaadana vibhaagam murichathinu sesham avaa avasana draafttil ninnu neekkam cheythu.
naadakeeyamaaya eakaalaapathinte saadhyathakal paryavekshanam cheiyunnathilulla pishaachuvinte thaalpparyathil ninnaan bhaagikamaayi kruthiyude shaili valarunnathu. eee thaalparyam kuranjathu jeey. yude pranayagaanam vare pazhakkamullathaanu. alfred proofrock ". "paazhaya bhoomi" ennathu "proofrock" poleyulla orotta ekabhaashikathayalla. pakaram, ithu vaividhyamaarnna shabdangalaal nirmmithamaan (chilappol ekabhaashayil, sambhaashanathil allengil randil kooduthal kathaapaathrangal samsaarikkunnu).
"paazhaya bhoomi" ennathu athinte bhinnamaaya gadanaykku sradheyamaanu, ithu jaims joyisinte "ulysus" enna aadhunika sailiye soochippikkunnu (ithu oru swaadheenamaayi udharikkukayum addeham "paazhaya bhoomi" ezhuthunna athe varsham thanne vaayikkukayum cheythu). aadhunika shailiyil, eliot vaayanakkaaran eee mattangal vyakthamaayi vivarikkathe oru shabdathil ninno chithrathilekku chaadunnu. poundinte swaadheenathe soochippikkunna onniladhikam videsha bhashakalil (laattin, greak, itaaliyan, jarmman, franch, samskritham) ninnulla vaakyangalum addeham ulppeduthiyittundu.
harwardil rachayithaav padicha samskrithathile addehathinte udharanikal, avasaanathethinte nirvachanathinum kavithayude ettavum sankeernamaaya vibhaagathinum prathyekichum prasakthamaann "idiminnal enthaanu paranjathu". prathyekichum, "dattha, dayaadhvam, damyatha" ("kodukkuka, manasilakkuka, niyanthrikkuka") ennee moonnu vaakkukal brihadaaranyaka upanishathil ulppeduthiyittulla idiminnalinte ardhathinte kettukadhayil ninnaan eduthathu.
1936ll iii. emm. paazhaya bhoomiye" kurichu forsttar ezhuthi
srothassukal.
hommer, sophocles, petronius, virjil, oovid, hippoyile sent augustin, daante, jiophree chasser, edmund spensor, thomas kid, vilyam shakespeare, joonn doonn, thomas middleton, joonn webstar, joonn milttan, andrew marwell, olivar goldsmith, jerard dii nerval, alfred, loard tennison, richard wagner, walt vitmaan, chaals boudeleyar, pooll verline, joseph konraad, herman hess, aldus huxley, explorer ernest shackleton ennivarude kruthikal eliot udharikkunna allengil soochippikkunna srothassukalil ulppedunnu.
baibil, "pothu praarthanayude pusthakam", hindu "brihadaaranyaka upanishath", budhante "agniprasangam" ennivayulppedeyulla thiruvezhuthuprathikalum sarr jaims fraserinte "golden boff", jessy vesttante "phram rectule tuu romans" (prathyekichu celtic puraanatthile tharishubhoomiyekkurichulla patanam) polulla saamskaarikavum naravamshashaasthraparavumaaya padanangalum eliot vipulamaayi upayogikkunnu.
thalakkett mathramalla, kavithayude padhathiyum dhaaraalam aakasmika pratheekathmakathayum nirddeshichathu miss jessy ell vesttan aanu" ennu eliot yadhaartha thalakkettil ezhuthi. elittu upayogikkunna chinnangalil, paazhaya bhoomikk purame, fisher king, tarro deck, chaappal apakadakaramaaya, grail kvastt enniva ulppedunnu.
valery eliyattinte abhipraayathil, "marichavarude shavasamskaram" enna chithratthile merii enna kathaapaathram anischithamaaya samayathum sthalathum eliot kandumuttya maari larishine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
paaradikal.
eee kavithayude paaradikalum uyarnnuvannittund, athil onnu eliyattinte samakaalika echu. pii. vesttu peppar eiii kavita oof deep nissaratha" enna prakopanaparamaaya thalakkettilulla oru kavithayaan lovcraft. 1923ll ezhuthiya ithu ezz. ezz. polulla pandithanmaar kanakkakkunnu. tii. joshi addehathinte ettavum mikacha parihaasangalilonnaan. vendi tappel 1986 leeii "making coco phoor kingsley amis" enna samahaarathil "dhaa vesttu land" enna kavithaye anchu limericukalaayi churukki "vesttu land limerics" enna peril oru parady prasidheekarichu.
swaadheenam.
paazhaya bhoomi" "aaghaathangalude oru swaramelayaanennum aadyakaala aadhunikathayude mattu maastarvarkkukaleppole athu nasikkaan visammathikkunnuvennum aanthani leyne ezhuthunnu... eee aaghaathangal bhoochalanathinu sheshamulla aaghaathangalkku kaaranamavukayum, pishaachukkalude vaayanakkar bhookambathil kudungikkidakkukayum cheiyunnu. rakshappedal upayogashoonyamaanu."aadhunika pashchaathalatthil classic srothassukalude upayogam enna puraana reethi ulppeduthaan elot thante samakaalikaril palareyum prachodippichu. eph. dhii grettu gattsby" ennu ezhuthumbol scott fittsjeraaldine "dhaa vesttu land" valareyadhikam swaadheenichirunnu. fittsjeraaldinte novalil orutharam maalinyabhoomiyaaya "chaaratthinte thaazhvara" adangiyirikkunnu. "1922ll 'dhaa vesttu land' prasidheekaricha varshathilaan 'gattsby' chithreekarichirikkunnathu. fittsjerald gattsby "tharisubhoomiyil" paraamarshikkappedunna trimalchiyoyumaayi ("vestt egsil trimalchio" enna oru working taittil) thaarathamyam cheiyunnu."ernest hemingwayude" "suryan udikkunnu" "enna chithratthil jacq baarnukalile oru fisher king kathaapaathram avatharippikkunnu". vilyam folknerude 'njaan marikkumbol' enna kruthi 'marichavarude shavasamskaram' swaadheenichu. thomas pinchoninte "guruthwaakarshanathinte mazhavillu" ennathil, vii-2 rokkattinte shabdathe "idiminnal enthaanu paranjathennu" ennu vilikkunnu."kaarttoonist martin roosan" "dhaa vesttu land" "enna graphik noval pastish ezhuthukayum chithreekarikkukayum cheythu, athil detective kriss marlo kavithayile niravadhi vyakthikale kandumuttunnu". evlin voyude "oru pidi podi" enna thalakkett kavithayil ninnaan varunnath, neel gaiman thante graphik novalaaya "dhii sandman" enna parambarayil eee vaachakam upayogikkum."koppolayude" "apocalypse nau" "enna kruthiyil, brando kurtsil vesttaninte" "aacharam muthal pranayam vare" "ennathinteyum fraasarinte" "golden boff" "ennathinteyum pakarppukal undu, eee kavithayude rund eliyattinte uravidangal; addeham eliyattinte" "pollayaya manushyar" "enna kruthiyum udharikkunnu". ningal" "paazhaya bhoomi" "ethratholam aduthu chithreekarikkunnuvo athratholam athu oru isthmasinte aakruthi sweekarikkunnu; pothu, vyakthiparamaaya bhoothakaalathinte bhooribhaagavum athinte nirmmaanatthilekku ozhukunnu, athinusesham athil ninnu valareyadhikam ozhukunnu". bridehead reviewite" enna residant dandiaya aanthani blanche athinte ettavum prathidhwanikkunna kwaatreyinukalilonnu oru megaphoniloode prakhyaapikkumbol, pathonpathaam-irupathukalilum muppathukalilum athinte prashasthi vardhichathinaal kavithayude fasionable padhavi addeham vyakthamaayi soochippikkunnu, pakshe athinekkaal kooduthal undu. puraanatthinte vidoorathaykkullil innathe kashtappaadukal ulkkollunna, paraantheesisile pentaameettarukal-enna praasarekhakalude adamantain soundaryam addeham punasthaapikkukayaanu (koodaathe, aii tyrasias ellaam munkootty kandittullathanu. 
ore diwan allengil kidakkayil nadappilaakki; 
mathilinu thaazhe theebsinte arikil irikkunna njaan 
marichavaril ettavum thaazhnnavarude idayil nadannu.)" 
baahya linkukal.
kavita thanne
vyaakhyaana pathippukal
recordingukal

