
1730 leeii padinjaaran pershyan pracharanam

1730-leeii naadarinte padinjaaran pershyan akramanam orupakshe addehathinte ettavum shaktharaaya athiraalikalaaya ottomansinethireyulla addehathinte aadya akramanamaayirunnu, avide addeham vijayiyayi. ennirunnaalum, naadarinte abhaavathil thiyettarinte vyakthiparamaaya niyanthranam ettedukkaan shhaa tahmasp randaaman theerumaanichathode addehathinte paryaveshanatthinte valia vijayangal asaadhuvaayi, roshakulanaaya oru naayane madangaanum thante sisuvaaya makan abbas moonnaaman vendi tahmaaspine sthaanathyaagam cheyyaan nirbandhichathinu sesham sahacharyam pariharikkanum nirbandhithanaakki.
automan adhinivesham.
1720-kalude thudakkathil safavid raajyathinethire mahmoud onnaamante hotaki adhinivesham aarambhichappol automans raajyathinte padinjaaran pradeshangalil praveshichirunnu. gulnaabaadinaduthulla nirnnayaka ettumuttalil, mahmoud hotakik valare valia (kadinamaayi bhinnichathaanenkilum) pershyan sainyathinethire athisayakaramaaya vijayam nedaan kazhinju. saamraajyathva sainyathinte paatha addehathe thalasthaanamaaya isfahaanilekku march cheyyaan anuvadichu, athu nagaratthil kelkkaatha durithatthinum jeevhanikkum kaaranamaaya 6 maasathe uparodhathin sesham addeham pidichedutthu. safavid attimariyude araajakathvathinte samayat, russiayudeyum automan saamraajyathinteyum sardom eee avasaram prayojanappedutthi, automan turkey padinjaaran pershya pidichedukkukayum kokkasasine rashyakkaarumaayi vibhajikkukayum cheythu.
taamasiyaathe hotaki jethaakkal oru attimariyiloode oru puthiya nethaavine rajaavaayi niyamichu, athil mahmoud onnaaman pakaram addehathinte kazhivulla oru bandhuvine niyamichu; ashraf. ottomanmaarude kooduthal vipuleekaranam thadayunnathinum palareyum paraajayappeduthunnathinum ashraf padinjarottu march cheythu. ennirunnaalum, cocusasileyum padinjaaran pershyayileyum thangalude puthiya pradeshangalil ottoman bharanathe ashraf amgeekarichathinu pakaramaayi pershyayude niyamaanusritha shaayayi ashrafine amgeekarikkumennu automanmaar vaagdaanam cheythathinaal nayatantra phalam valare anuranjanaparamaayirunnu.
raajyathinte vidhi theerumaanikkunna oru samgharshathil nader ashraf mukhaamukham vannappol, ottomanmaar safavid vishwastharkkethire ashrafine budhipoorvvam pinthunachu, oru abhilaashamullathum kazhivullathumaaya generalinte keezhil punarujjeevippicha pershyayaayi, keezhadakkiyathinte vijayathal nirayappedum, athu ottomanmaarkk avarude puthuthayi ettedutha pravisyakalil pidichunilkkunnathu nallathalla. thurkkikalude pinthuna undaayirunnittum, niravadhi ettumuttalukalil aashraafinte sainyathe poornnamaayum nasippikkaan naadarinu kazhinju, ithu naamamaathramaaya tahmasp II-nte bharanathin keezhil safavid raashtram veendum sthaapikkunnathilekku nayichu. saamraajyathinte nashtappetta pradeshangale swathanthramaakkunnathilka nadir theerchayaayum thiriyumennathinal isthaanbulinte bhayam thiricharinju. ennirunnaalum, oru pathittaandilereyaayi raajyathinte padinjaaru bhaagath ottomans undaayirunnu, ippol avarude "saamraajyathinte" kizhakkan athirthikalil ninnu avare purathaakkaanulla eathoru sramathinum ithu valare sakthamaaya velluviliyaakum.
nather nahavandil march nadathunnu.
1730 march 9 nuu pershyan sainyam shirazil ninnu purathukadannu puthuvarsham (nauroos) aaghoshikkukayum athinusesham ottomanmaare santhulithaavasthayil ninnu pidikoodaamenna pratheekshayil padinjarottu druthagathiyilulla nirbandhitha march aarambikkukayum cheythu. louristan vazhi automan adhinivesha pattanamaya nahavandil ethiya nather thurkkikale hamadanilekku paratthaan ivide athichu, avide avarude prarambha njettalil ninnum paribhraanthiyil ninnum karakayarukayum avar veendum othucherukayum hamadaanile pershyan munnettam avasaanippikkumenna pratheekshayil yuddham nalkunnathinaayi malayer thaazhvarayil svayam avatharippikkukayum cheythu.
malayer thaazhvarayile yuddham.
pershyan sainyam ithuvare neritta muun shathrukkalil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaaya swabhaavamulla, sakthamaaya pershyan sainyathin munnil aniniranna 'aii. dii. 2' purushanmaarude ottomaan sainyam. badarinte afghan, gotra athiraalikalkku kaalalppadayo peeranki unitukaloo (marche-khorttu ozhike) eathaandu poornnamaayum illaathaayirunnu, pakaram mikkavarum mikacha kuthirasavaari yodhaakkal mathramaayirunnu.
pala kaaryangalilum pershyan sainyathinte swantham ghadanaye ghadanayilum ghadaka yoonit tharangalilum prathiphalippicha oru ethiraaliye ippol nather nerittu. thaazhvarayiloode ozhukunna oru aruviyude samaantharamaayi thurkkikal svayam varachu, athinte maruvashathu nather thante aalukale moonnu vyathyastha divisionukalaayi vinyasikkukayum madhyathil svayam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. rund sainyangalum parasparam thokkukalude paridhiyil athiyappol, oru pothu thee pottipurappettu, thokkukalil ninnum peerankikalil ninnum undaakunna puka rund sainyangaleyum verthirikkunna aazhamillaatha jalabhaagathin mukalil nritham cheyyukayum pershyakkaareyum ottomanmareyum parasparam maraykkukayum cheythu. eee puka moodupadam kondu nather thante valathupakshathe shakthippeduthaanum dheeramaaya oru choothaattatthinaayi thayyarakkanum thudangi.
nadiyude kuruke thante valath vashath ninnu pettennu thallaanulla oordar nather nalki. thangalude munnettam marachuvecha pukayude meghathil ninnu pershyakkaar prathyakshappedukayum shathruvinte apratheekshitha roopam kaattil ninnu prathyakshappettathayi thonniya ottomaanukale kuzhappathilekku eriyukayum cheythu. thudarnnu eathaanum manikorukal neenduninna theevramaaya pooraattatthil automanmaar thangalude idathukaare rakshikkaan shramichenkilum falamundaayilla. pershyan valathupakshathinte akramanam thurkkinte idathuvashathinte maamsathilekku kooduthal murichumaattukayum, cheef automan bannermane vadikkukayum cheythath valare niraashappedutthiya sainyathe wall thirinj oodippokuvaan kaaranamavukayum, pershyan kuthirappada pinthudarnnu niravadhi aalukale vettikkollukayum thadavilaakkukayum cheythu. vyakthamaaya vijayam nedukayum, naadirinte sainikarkk hamadaanilekkulla vazhi thurakkukayum cheythu.
nather vadakkott neengunnu.
hamadan athinte 10,000 thadavukaaraaya pershyan sinikareyum mochippicha sesham, nather kermanshah nedi, angane padinjaaran pershyayude valiyoru bhagam automan bharanathil ninnu mochippichu. oru kottakettya sthaanam upekshichu addeham ippol thante sainyathe asarbaijaanilekku maatti, avide august 12 nuu addeham tabris pidichedutthu, tabreesine shakthippeduthaan ayacha oru sainyathe (valare vaiki) thakarthu. turkey thadavukaarodu dayaapoorvam perumaariyappol, nadir pala paashakaleyum mochippikkukayum samadhaanathinte sandeshangal konstaantinoppil (istanbul) lake ayaykkukayum cheythu. oru minnal prachaaranatthil nather pershyan hridayabhoomiyile ellah pradhana pravishyakalum punarnirmmichu.

