
saadhaarana maarmosett

vaitt-tufted maarmosett allengil vaitt-tufted-iyar maarmosett ennum ariyappedunna saadhaarana maarmosett (calithrics jacques) oru puthiya loka kurangaanu. ithu yadhaarthathil braseelinte vadakkukizhakkan theerathu, piyavuyi, paraiba, siyera, rioo grande doow norte, pernambuco, alagos, bahiya ennee samsthaanangalilaanu thaamasichirunnathu. thadavilakkappetta vyakthikale (manahpoorvavum manappoorvamallaathathum) mochippikkunnathiloode, 1920 muthal thekkukizhakkan brazililekku (rioo dii janeeroik kattil aadyamaayi kandathu 1929 laanu) athinte paridhi vipuleekarichu, avide ithu oru aakramanathmaka inamaayi maari, buffy-tufted maarmosett ("calithrics auritta") polulla samanamaaya enangalude janithaka malineekaranathekkurichum pakshi koodu valarthukaleyum muttakaleyum vettayaadunnathinekkurim aashanka uyarthi.
oru penn saadhaarana maarmosettinte muzhuvan genome sequence 2014 juulai 20 nuu prasidheekarichu. athinte genome sequence cheytha aadyathe puthiya loka kurangayi ithu maari.
bhauthika vivaranavum roopaghadanayum.
thaarathamyena neelamulla vaalukalulla valare cheria kurangukalaanu saadhaarana maarmosettukal. aanthumbikalkku penthumbikalekkaal alpam valippamund; aanthumbikalkku sharashari uyaravum penthumbikalkku sharashari uyaravum undu. purushanmaarude thookkam sharashariyum sthreekalude thookkam saraashariyumaanu. tavittuniram, chaaraniram, manja enniva thalikkunna maarmosettinte pelej nirangal palatharathilaanu. ithinu velutha chevi tafttukalum wall baand cheythirikkunnu. athinte mukhathu mookk pradeshathe charmmatthil udaneelam karutha niravum nettiyil velutha theeppori undu. shishukkalude kottukal thavittuniravum manjayum cheviyude toftt pinneedu vikasikkunnu.
calithrics" janussile mattu amgangaleppole, saadhaarana maarmosettukalude mikka viralukalilum tegula ennariyappedunna nakhangal poleyulla nakhangalundu. avarude haaloosukalkku (valia kaalviralukalkk) maathrame mattu praimettukalkku ullathinekkaal paranna nakhangalo ungulakalo ulloo. maarmosettukalkk annaakkalkk samanamaaya oru arborial chalanamundu. avaykku marangalil lambamaayi thoongikkidakkaanum avaykkidayil chaadaanum shaakhakalkku kuruke naaliratti oodaanum kazhiyum. itharathilulla chalanathinulla oru parivarthanamaanu tegula. pankitta mattu "calithrics" swabhaavasavisheshathakalil valuthaakkiyathum, arippa aakruthiyilulla murivukalum, avayude bhakshanathinaayi prathyekathayulla seka ulppedunnu.
shreniyum paristhithiyum.
saadhaarana maarmosettukal kizhakkan-madhya brazeelil maathram kaanapedunnu. avaa mattu pradeshangalilekku avatharippikkukayum arjanteenayile rioo dii janeero, buenos airs ennee nagarangalil thaamasikkukayum cheiyunnu. niravadhi vanaa aavaasavyavasthakalil maarmosettukal kaanapedunnu. atlaantik theeradesha vanangalilum ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-ardha-arr avaykku savanna vanangalilum naditira vanangalilum vasikkaan kazhiyum. varanda dvitheeya vanangalilum attathulla aavaasavyavasthakalilum maarmosettukal vijayakaramaan.
bhakshanakramam.
saadhaarana maarmosettinte nakhangal polulla nakhangal, murukkunna aakruthi, kudal specialisation enniva praadhamikamaayi sasyangalude eksudettukalum praanikalum kondu nirmmicha avarude savisheshamaaya bhakshanathe prathifalippikkunnu. saadhaarana maarmosettukal gumm, sravam, laattaks, resin enniva bhakshikkunnu. avar oru maratthinte vashath ottippidikkaan nakhangal upayogikkunnu, neelamulla thaazhathe murivukal upayogichu maratthil oru dwaaram chavaykkunnu. maarmosett pinneedu eksudettukale chaadikkukayo pallukal upayogichu avaye spoop cheiyukayo cheiyunnu. maarmosettinte bhakshana swabhaavathinte 20 muthal 70 sathamaanam vare exudateukal kazhikkunnath ulppedunnu.
exudateukal maarmosettukalkk avayude seasonal aavaasavyavasthayil vishwasaneeyamaaya bhakshya srothass nalkunnu. prathyekichu januvariyilum eprililum pazhangal dhaaraalamaayi labhikkaathappol avar eee bhakshanangale aasrayikkunnu. oru maarmosett mattu mrugangal nirmmichava ulppede onniladhikam thavana oru marakkuzhi sandarshikkaam. exudateukalkku purame, praanikal avarude bhakshanathil <aii. dii. 1> ulkkollunna maarmosettukalude oru pradhana bhakshya srotassaayi theliyikkunnu. cheria valippathilulla maarmosettukal avare pinthudarukayum pathiyirunnu akramikkukayum cheiyunnu. pazhangal, vithukal, pookkal, fungus, thaine, ochukal, pallikal, maraa thavalakal, pakshikalude muttakal, koodujeevikal, sisukkal ennivayum maarmosettukal bhakshikkunnu. thatha, tucken thudangiya pakshikalumayum kambili niramulla oposamukalumaayum maarmosettukalkk pazhangalkkayi malsarikkaam.
perumaattam.
saamoohika samghadana.
saadhaarana maarmosettukal sthirathayulla vipuleekritha kudumbangalil jeevikkunnu, kurachu amgangalkku maathrame prajananam anuvadikkoo. oru maarmosett groupil 15 amgangal vare undakamenkilum oru saadhaarana samkhya onpathaanu. oru maarmosett kudumbatthil saadhaaranayaayi onno rando prajnana penkuttikalum, oru prajnana aankunjum avarude santhathikalum avarude praayapoorthiyaaya bandhukkalum, avar avarude maathaapithaakkalaayaalum sahodarangalaayaalum undaayirikkum. oru groupile sthreekal adutha bandhamullavarum purushanmaar kuravullavarumaanu. aanthumbikal avarkk bandhamullah prajananakshamamaya penthumbikalumaayi inacherunnilla. kaumaarapraayatthil upekshikkunna mattu primate speesheesukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, muthirnnavaraakumbol maarmosettukal avarude janma grouppukale upekshikkaam. maarmosettukal avarude janmagrooppukale upekshikkunnathinte kaaranangalekkurichu kooduthalonnum ariyilla. oru prajnana aann marikkumbol kudumba grouppukal puthiya grouppukalaayi samyojippikkunnu. kudumba grouppukalkkullil, prajnana vyakthikal kooduthal prabalaraanu. prajananakshamamaya aann, penn pakshikal aadhipathyam pankidunnu. ennirunnaalum, rund prajnana penkuttikalkkidayil onnu kooduthal prabalamaanu. koodaathe, keezhudhyogasthayaaya sthree saadhaaranayaayi aadipathyamulla sthreeyude makalaanu. mattu amgangale sambandhichidatholam, saamoohika rank praayathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. vividha perumattangal, bhaavangal, shabdangal enniva nilanirthukayum keezhudyogasthar avarude meludyogasthare valarthukayum cheiyunnu.
prathyulppaadanavum rakshaakarthruthvavum.
saadhaarana maarmosettukalkk sankeernamaaya inacheral samvidaanamundu. avar ekabhaaryamaaraanennu karuthappettirunnuvenkum bahubharyaathvavum bahubharyaathvavum nireekshikkappettundu. ennirunnaalum, mikka vivaahangalum ekabhaaryaathvamullavayaanu. rund prajnana penkuttikalulla grouppukalil polum, keezhilulla penn palappozhum mattu grouppukalil ninnulla aankuttikalumaayi inacherunnu. keezhppetta sthreekal saadhaaranayaayi anuyojyamaaya santhathikalkku janmam nalkunnilla. adhika grouppilulla purushanmarumaayulla inacheral bhaviyil saadhyathayulla inakale kandethaan sthriye anuvadichekkaam. vijayakaramaayi inacherunna penkuttikalkku mattu grouppukalilekkulla avarude cheruppam nashtappedukayum prabalamaaya prajnana sthaanangal nedukayum cheyyaam.
oru groupile prajnana vyakthikalkk avarude kunjungale valarthaan sahaayikkunnathin mattu amgangal aavasyamaanu. angane, eee jody perumattaparamaayum shaareerikamaayum groupile mattu amgangalude punarulppaadanatthe adichamarthunnu. adichamarthappetta eee vyakthikal prajnana jodikalumaayi bandhappettirikkaamennathil, avarkk jeenukal pankidunnathinaal kunjungale paripalikkaan avarkk prachodanamundu. koodaathe, oru anubandha purushante saannidhyam sthree andothpaadanathe badhikkunnu. penn andotpaadanam sambhavikkunnath avarude achanmaar chuttumullapozhalla, marichu bandhamillaattha oru purushan aduthaayirikkumbozhaanu sambhavikkunnath. orupakshe avare sthaanabhrashtaraakkaan vendi avar ammamarodu akramasakthamaaya perumaattam kaanikkunnu.
avarkk prajananam nadatthaan anuyojyamaaya saahacharyangal undaakumbol, praayapoorthiyaaya penthumbikal avarude jeevithakalam muzhuvan pathivayi prajananam nadathunnu. inacheral abhyarthikkaan sthreekal purushanmaaril naav kulukkunnu. garbhakalam 5 maasam neendunilkkukayum prasavam kazhinju ekadesham 10 divasathinu sesham penkuttikal veendum prajananam nadatthaan thayyarakukayum cheiyunnu. oro prasavathinum idayil anchu maasam kadannupokunnathinaal avarkk varshathil randuthavana prasavikkaan kazhiyum. maarmosettukal saadhaaranayaayi samaanamallatha erattakalkku janmam nalkunnu. ekkaaranathaal, garbhakaalathum mulayoottunna samayathum sthreekal sammarddathilaakukayum kudumbatthile mattu amgangalude sahayam aavasyappedukayum cheiyunnu. sisukkal swaabhaavikamaayi ammayude purakil pattinilkkukayum aadyathe randaazhcha svayam vittukodukkaathirikkum cheiyunnu. athinusesham, avar valare sajeevamaavukayum avarude paristhithi paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. prajananakshamamaya aann (orupakshe pithaav) erattakale kaikaaryam cheyyaan thudangukayum kudumbatthile ellah amgangalum avare paripalikkukayum cheiyunnu. thudarnnulla aazhchakalil, cheruppakkaar ammayude purakil kurachu samayavum chuttikkaranganum kalikkaanum kooduthal samayavum chelavazhikkunnu. kunjungalkku 3 maasathil mulayoottal nalkunnu. 5 maasathil, avar avarude praayapoorthiyaakaatha ghattathilekku praveshikkunnu, maathaapithaakkal ozhikeyulla kudumbamgangalumaayi kooduthal ashayavinimayam nadathukayum avarude bhaavi nila sthaapikkaan ruff play sahayikkukayum cheiyunnu. mattoru koottam sisukkal janikkukayum muun kunjungal avaye vahikkukayum kalikkukayum cheythekkaam. maarmosettukal 9 num 14 num idayil praayapoorthiyaakukayum muthirnnavareppole pravartthikkukayum praayapoorthiyaakukayum cheiyunnu. 15 maasathil, avaa praayapoorthiyaaya valuppathil athukayum laingikamaayi pakwata praapikkukayum cheiyunnu, pakshe avaa aadhipathyam pularthunnathuvare prajananam nadatthaan kazhiyilla.
ashayavinimayam.
saadhaarana maarmosettukal niravadhi shabda, drishya ashayavinimayangal upayogikkunnu. alaram, aakramanathmakatha, samarppikkal enniva signal cheiyunnathinu, maarmosettukal yathaakramam "bhaagikamaayi thuranna vaayanottam", "bhrant", "slitt-steyar" enniva upayogikkunnu. bhayam prakadippikkunnathino keezhadangunnathino, maarmosettukal avarude chevi tuftukal avarude thalayodu chernnu paratthunnu. maarmosettukalkk rund alaram kolukalundu-oro kolilum kooduthal aavarthikkunna aavarthana kolukalude oru parambara, "staakkattos" ennariyappedunnu, koodaathe idaykkide allengil aavarthichu nalkunna hraswavum tricking kolukalum "tsix" ennu vilikkunnu. maarmosett alaram kolukal hraswavum uyarnna shabdamullathumaanu. trills" ennu vilikkunna vibratto polulla, kuranja shabdamullah, pothuvaaya kolukal upayogichu maarmosettukal group amgangale nireekshikkukayum kandethukayum cheiyunnu. maarmosettukal "phees" upayogikkunnu, avaa visil polulla, pothuvaaya kolukalaanu. iva inakale akarshikkaanum grouppukale orumichu nilanirthaanum pradeshangal samrakshikkanum kaanathaaya group amgangale kandethaanum sahayikkunnu. vasthukkale adayaalappeduthaan maarmosettukal avarude nenjilum anogenital pradeshangalilum sugandha grandhikal upayogikkunnu. saamoohikavum prathyulpaadanaparavumaaya padavi ashayavinimayam nadathaanaanu iva uddeshikkunnathu.
padavi.
saadhaarana maarmosett samriddhamaaya oru inamaayi thudarunnu, nilavil vamshanaashabheeshani neridunnilla, ennaal athinte aavaasavyavastha athivegam tharamthaazhthappettu, 1990 kalil serado mekhalayude 67 sathamaanavum manushya upayogathinaayi neekkam cheyyukayum 80 sathamaanavum aduthide krishikkaayi neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu. koodaathe, maarmosettukal pidichedukkukayum valarthumrigangalaayi vyapaaram nadathukayum cheiyunnu. valarthumrigangalaayi janapriyamaanengilum, praayamaakumbol avaa niyantrikkaan prayaasamaan, athinaal avaa upekshikkappedukayo kollappedukayo cheiyunnu. medical pareekshanangalkkayi saadhaarana maarmosettukalum upayogichittundu. american aikyanaadukale apekshichu europil avaa kooduthalaayi upayogikkunnu, koodaathe pareekshanangal nadathunna ettavum saadhaaranamaaya manushyetara praimettukalaanu iva. terratology, peridondal disease, reproduction, immunology, endocrinology, ponnatthadi, vaardhakyam thudangiya gaveshana mekhalakalil avaa maathrukaa jeevikalaayi upayogikkunnu.
genome.
2014ll, puthiya loka kurangukalil, poornnamaaya genome sequence cheytha aadyathe manushyetara praimettaayi oru penn maari. 2. 26 gbp genome valuppamulla ithil 21,168 jeenukalundu. segmental duplicationukal motham 138 emby nontedant sequenceukal (muzhuvan genome 4.7 sathamaanam) chertthu, ithu manushyarilo chimpansiyilo (ekadesham 5 sathamaanam) nireekshichathinekkaal alpam kuravaanu, ennaal oramguttaanukalil (3.8 sathamaanam) ullathinekkaal kooduthalaanu.