valarchaykkulla avyakthamaaya anweshanam

locabank vikasana saambathika shaasthranjanaaya vilyam eesttarli 2001ll ezhuthiya pusthakamaanu valarchaykkulla avyakthamaaya anweshanam saambathika vidagtharude saahasikathakalum dushkrithyangalum. purathirangumbol, eee pusthakam broose bartlet, roobert sooloo, pooll romer thudangiyavaril ninnu prashamsa nedukayum athinusesham saambathika vikasana saahithyathil vyaapakamaayi paraamarshikkappedukayum cheythu.
vyakthikal, bisinasukal, sarkkarukal, daathaakkal ennivar prothsaahanangalodu prathikarikkunnathil avar avaganichathinaal moonnaamlokatthe kadutha daaridryam pariharikkunnathinulla niravadhi sramangal parajayappettu ennathaanu eestarliyude praadhamika prabandham. athinaal, daridra ushnamekhalaa raajyangalile saambathika vikasanathinte parajayam saambathikashaasthrathinthi parajayamallennum marichu praayogika naya pravarthanangalil saambathika thathwangal prayogikkunnathil parajayamaanennum addeham vaadikkunnu. paavappettavarude jeevitam mechappeduthunnathinulla dhaarmika anivaryathayil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda addehathinte shupaarsha anweshanam upekshikkukayalla, marichu valarchaye prothsaahippikkunna prothsaahanangal srishtikkunnathinaayi sarkkaarukaludeyum anthaaraashtra pravartthakarudeyum sthaapanangal mechappeduthuka ennathaanu.
parajayappetta prathividhi.
daridramaaya ushnamekhalaa raajyangalkkidayil saambathika valarcha prolsaahippikkunnathi vividha poost-viai sramangalkkaayi pusthakatthinte aadya bhagam samarppichirikkunnu. nikshepavum mooladhana shekharanavum prolsaahippikkunnathi aadyakaala sramangal harod-domer model, luis model, rostoyude valarchaa gattangal ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu, ithu gdpyude valarcha ellaayppozhum gdpyile nikshepathinte vihitathinu aanupaathikamaayirikkumennum mooladhana shekharanam valarchayude nirnaayaka gadakamaanennum nirddeshichu. aabhyanthara sambaadyavum aavashyamaaya nikshepavum thammilulla "saambathika vidavu" nikathunnathinaayi paashchaathya sarkkaarukalil ninnum anthar gavanmental oorganaiseshanukalil ninnum valia alavil sahayam labhikkunnath eee maathrkakal nyaayeekarichu. ennirunnaalum, mikka sahaayangalum aii. dii. 1 varshangalil nikshepathilekku pooyittillennum nikshepavum valarchayum thammil sthithivivarakkanakku bandhamillennum kizhakkan mekhala theliyikkunnu. theliyikkunnu avasaanathil roobert sooloo kandethiyathupole, yanthrangalile nikshepam mathramalla, ellaayppozhum mechappedunna yanthrangalile nikshepam-saankethika purogathi-deerghakaalaadisthaanathil thozhilaallikalude uthppaadanakshamatha mechappeduthunnu.
vidyaabhyaasam, kudumbaasoothranam, kadam shamikkal enniva daaridryathil ninnu karakayaranulla maargangalayi upayogikkunnathinulla samsthaanangalude parajayappetta sramangalekkurichum eesttarli charcha cheiyunnu. oru pavapetta raajyathe oru vidyaarthikku aaa nikshepathinu bhaviyil varumanam illengil swantham vidyaabhyaasathe vilamathikkanum nikshepikkaanum prothsaahanam kuravaanennu addeham abhipraayappedunnu. kooduthal azhimathikkaraaya rajyangalil, valare vaidagdhyamullavar puthiya moolyam srishtikkunna pravarthanangalekkaal sarkkarineyum varumanam punarvitharanam cheiyunna mattu pravarthanangaleyum prolsaahippikkaan svayam shramikkunnu. vidyaabhyaasathinu nikshepathil ninnu varumanam labhikkunnathin, samoohathil nannayi pravartthikkunna sthaapanangalum vidagdha vyakthikalude aavasyam valarthunna vipanikalum undaayirikkanam.
undaayirikkanam valare janapriyamaaya chila vyavasthakalil nalkunna sahayangalaaya gadanaaparamaaya krameekarana vaaypa padhathikalude prasnakaramaaya swabhaavavum eesttarli eduthukaanikkunnu. yadhaartha saambathika parishkaranatthinu thudakkamidunathinupakaram, samsthaanangal avarude nayangal krameekarikkunnathaayi nadichu. kurravukal vardhicha vaaypakalkku kaaranamaakukayum daathaakkal sahayam pinvalikkunnathil thaalparyam kaanikkaathathinaal samsthaanangalkku avarude nayangal mechappeduthunnathinna prothsaahanam kuravaayirunnu. kadam shamikkal bharanakoodangal athe dhaarmika apakadamaanu srishtichathu, svechaadhipathya sarkkarukal avarude janangalude bhaviyil ninnu moshtikkunnathu thudarunnathinulla oru swatantra maarggamaayi shamikkal kanakkakki. rashtreeya nethaakkalude vaagdaanangalekkaal munkoor nettangalumayi sahayam bandhippikkanamennum kooduthal mechappeduthalukalode aaa sahayam vardhikkanamennum (sambaadicha aadaayanikuthi kredittinte prothsaahana gadanaykku samaanamaayi) kizhakkan nirddeshangal soochippikkunnu.
aalukal prothsaahanangalodu prathikarikkunnu.
pavappettavar avarude bhaviyil nikshepikkaanulla prothsaahanangal engane kaanunnu ennu pusthakatthinte randaam bhagam vishadeekarikkunnu. nirbhagyam, daaridrya kenikal, azhimathikkaraaya sarkkarukal enniva daaridryathe marikadakkaanulla vyakthigatha shramangale badhikkunnu. sariyaaya prothsaahanangal labhikkunnath vikasanathinulla mattoru puthiya prathividhi allah" ennu eesttarli vaadikkunnu. thettaaya prothsaahanangal nalkikkond nikshipta thaalpparyangalude adayaalappeduthiya paalikal neekkam cheyyukayum sariyaaya prothsaahanangalumaayi puthiya aalukalkk praveshanam nalkukayum cheiyunna oru thathwamaanithu."
vijnjaana chorcha", "vijnjaana poruthappedutthal" enniva kaaranam pavapetta vyakthikalkk daaridrya keniyil ninnu mochanam nedunnathu valare budhimuttaanennu eesttarli ezhuthunnu. arivu oru samoohathinu baahya nettangal nalkunnu (oru aashayathin oru samoohathinu kooduthal moolyamundu, aaa samoohathil kooduthal arivu nilanilkkunnu), samana vaidagdhyamulla mattullavarumayi poruthappedumbol athu kooduthal moolyavathaanu. ithu sambadghadanayude oru udaaharanamaanu. oru samooham arivu niranjathum vividha vaidagdhya mekhalakalullathumaayirikkum, vidyaabhyaasathil nikshepikkaan vyakthikalkk kooduthal prachodanam labikkum. ennaal samoohathinu arivillaaymayundengil, vyakthikalkk nikshepam nadatthaan cheria prothsaahanam maathrame neridendivarikayulloo, allengil avar angane cheythaal, sambadvyavasthaye oru mastishka azhukkil ethikkum. kizhakkan kanakkukal prakaram, puthiya arivu nikshepathinu subsidy nalkunnathiloodeyum mooladhana charakkukaludeyum saankethikavidyayudeyum nikuthi kuraykkunnathiloodeyum swakaarya nikshepam sajeevamaayi thedunnathiloodeyum daaridrya kenikal marikadakkaan sarkkaarukalkk kazhiyum.
eesttarli parayunnathanusarichu, "prothsaahanangal nalkunnathinte pradhana prathi sarkkaaraan."uyarnna panapperuppam, negatteevu palisanirakkukal, karinchantha preemiyangal, uyarnna sarkkar bajatt kammi, swatantra vyapaarathinulla niyanthranangal, mosham pothu sevanangal, azhimathi, swathavakaashangalude ekapaksheeyamaaya nadappaakkal enniva swakaarya nikshepathinmelulla varumanam kuraykkukayum valarchaykku mosham prothsaahanangal srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, nalla gavanmentinu vishalavum aazhathilullathumaya valarcha prolsaahippikkaan kazhiyunnath svayam utharavaadithamullavaraayir aarogyam, vidyaabhyaasam, niyamavaazhcha thudangiya koottaaya charakkukalil nikshepam nadathaanulla chumatala oorjjaswalathayode ettedukkukayum cheiyumbozhaanu."ivayum mattu saambathika swaathanthryangalum prothsaahippikkunna sutharyamaaya sthaapanangal aathyanthikamayi oru uthppaadanakshamamaaya samoohathe valarthunnu.
vimarsanaathmakamaaya prathikaranam.
saambathika saahityam", "saambathika shaasthranjan", "anthaaraashtra kaaryangalude jenal", "samoolamaaya rashtreeya saambathikashaasthrathinthi avalokanam", "vikasana naya avalokanam" ennee jenalukalil "valarchaykkulla avyakthamaaya anweshanam" ennathinekkurichulla avalokanangal prathyakshappettu. "saambathika shaasthranjan ithine" "vaayanakkaare shikshikkukayum padippikkukayum rasippikkukayum cheiyunna oru" "unmeshadaayakavum pratheekathmakavumaaya pusthakam" "ennu vilichu"."vikasanathinu prothsaahanangal swaabhaavikamaayi nirnaayakamaanenkilum, mooladhana pravaham udaaravalkkarikkunnathum thozhil vipanikale udaaravalkkarikkunnathum polulla pradhana nayangal prothsaahanangale engane badhikkunnu ennathinekkurichu saambathika vidagdhar yojikkunnillenn oru vimarsanam oonnipparanju.
valarchaykkulla avyakthamaaya anweshanam" prasidheekarichathinu sheshamulla varshangalil, videsha sahayathinte pankinekkurichu ethiraaliyaaya vikasana saambathika shaasthranjanaaya jephri saachukalumayi oru pothu charchayil eesttarli kudungi. abhijit bannergyudeyum esthar dufloyudeyum abhipraayathil, "valarchaykkulla avyakthamaaya anweshanam", "vellakkaarante bharam" ennee rund pusthakangal prasidheekarichathinethu eesttarli ettavum swaadheenamulla pothu-sahaaya virudha vyakthikalil oralaayi maari."" 

