
haashi ahamed

pathinaram noottaandile loka bhoopadavumaayi bandhapetta oru musleem cartographerayirunnu hassie ahmat. ahmet bhoopadatthil oru vyaakhyaanam chertthu, swantham jeevithathe roopappeduthukayum bhoopadam srishtikkunnathinulla vishadeekaranavum nalki. ennaal ahmet bhoopadam srishticho atho automan lokath upayogikkunnathinaayi addeham athu turkkiyilekku vivarthanam cheythathaano ennu vyakthamalla.
mapp.
lokathinte yadhaartha roopam arian aagrahikkunnavarude manass prakaashathaal nirayum, avarude nench santhoshathaal nirayum" enna thaalode aarambikkunna mattu thalakkettukalkoppam, "hackey ahmathinte automan mappa mundi" ennariyappedunna turkish bhashayil vyaakhyaanikkappedunna 16-aamm noottaandile loka bhoopadatthil hackey ahmat oru neenda vyaakhyaanam chertthu."
pathinaram noottaandil europil janapriyamaayirunna oru shailiyaaya "cordifom projection" ennariyappedunna bhoopadam hridayaakrithiyilullathaanu, 1559 ll italiyile venesile thadi blokkukalil ninnu achadichathaanu. pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare ithu veneeshyan kaunsil oof tenninte aarkkaivukalil sookshichirunnu. eee bhoopadam ippol khatthar deseeya libraryile paithruka libraryude bhagamaanu.
mapamonto haasi ahmet" ennariyappedunna eee bhoopadam turkkiyile ithihaasangaludeyum sthalanaamangaludeyum rooparekha thayyarakkunnu, oru ottomaan prekshakarkku vilppanaykkaayi prasidheekaricha turkkiyile aadyathe bhoopadamaayirikkaam ithu. bhoopadam yadhaarthamo thurkkiyilekkulla vivarthanamo aakatte, vishalamaaya lokavumaayi bandhappett automan saamraajyathile janangal svayam engane manassilaakkiyenn kaanikkan ithu sahayikkunnu. pejinte chuvadeyulla pradhana bhoopadatthinu thaazhe moonnu cheria golangal drishyamaakunnu-kendra graphik bhoomiyeyum niravadhi upagraha grahangaleyum prathinidheekarikkunnu, athesamayam idathum valathum nakshathrasamoohangale chithreekarikkunnu.
lokathinte aakruthiyekkurichulla arivu, prathyekichu puthiya lokathekkurichulla arivu pankidunnathinaanu bhoopadam srishtichathennu bhoopadatthinte anugamikkunna vaachakathinullil haasi ahmet vishadeekarikkunnu. plaatto, socreties thudangiya classical thathwachinthakarkku puthuthayi kandethiya bhookhandathekkurichu ariyillaayirunnuvennum athu lokam vrithaakruthiyilaanennu kaanikkunnuvennum ahmet prathyekamaayi choondikkaanikkunnu. paryaveshanakaalakhattam ennu saadhaaranayaayi vilikkappedunna charitra kaalaghattatthinte savisheshathakalaaya videshathe bhauthika vipuleekaranathilum swadeshathe boudhika pulippikkalilum automanmaar avarude swantham avakaashathil ethratholam pankaalikalaayirunnuvennu" puthiya lokam prakadamaakkunnuvennu addeham parayunnu. ottoman saamraajyathinte bharanadhikaarikaleyum rajyangaleyum bhoopadatthinte thaazhathe kwaadrantil prathinidheekarikkunna aakaashavasthukkalkk ahmet niyogikkunnu, ithu matellaa lokashakthikalekkaalum ottoman bharanathinu munganana nalkunna oru sreniparamaaya bhoumaraashtreeya samvidaanam adichelppikkaanulla sramamaayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu.
rachayithaav.
bhoopadam yadhaarthamaanennu karutunnilla, orupakshe ahmet turkkiyilekku vivarthanam cheythirikkaam.
bhoopadatthinu prathyeka europian savisheshathakalundu, athil paashchaathya padangalude upayogam ulppedunnu, ithu oru pazhaya bhoopadam turkkiyilekku vivarthanam cheythathayi ahmet soochippikkunnu. vaasthavathil, bhoopadatthinte anubandha vaachakathiludaneelam, ahmet vivarthanathinu oonnal nalkunnu, addeham "yooropyanmaarude bhashayil ninnum aksharamaalayilekku musleengalude bhaashayilekku vivarthanam cheythu" ennu prasthaavikkunnu. ahmathinte rachayithaavinethire mattoru vaadam "bhoopadatthinte hridayaakrithiyilulla roopam muun europian cartographermar ithinakam upayogichirunnu" ennathaanu.
jarmman ganithashaasthranjanum bhoomishaasthra vidagthanumaaya johanns verner (1468-1522) ulppedeyulla pathinaram noottaandile cartographermarum ganithashaasthranjarum vikasippichedutha cordiophom projakshanaanu bhoopadam nirmmichirikkunnathu.
jiovanni baattista ramussio (1485-1557) ulppede mattu niravadhi bhoomishaasthranjarumaayi bhoopadam thaalkkaalikamaayi bandhippichittundu. 1534ll prasidheekaricha franch cartographer orontius (1494-1555) ezhuthiya oru bhoopadavumaayi ithu saamyamullathaanennum vaadikkappettittundu.
veneeshyan bandham.
automan raajakumaaranmaarkkaayi nirmmichathaanu bhoopadam ennum, sulemaante puthranmaaril chilarkk loka bhoopadangalil thaalpparyamundennum avayude nirmmaanathinaayi venesil nokkiyittundennum ahmet avakashappettu. ithu automan-veneeshyan bandhangalude vikasanathinu kaaranamaayi, ithu "automan klayantukalkkaayi loka bhoopadangalude nirmmaanathodulla veneeshyan manobhaavangalekkurichulla puthiya vyaakhyaanangal" vaagdaanam cheythu.
venees bhaashayilulla bhoopadatthinte achadi automan-veneeshyan bandhangalude vashangal eduthukaanikkaan sahayikkunnu. veneeshyan prasaadhakarude manassil, "musleem lokath vilppanaykkaayi oru loka bhoopadam nirmmikkunnath oru vagdana samrambhamayirikkum", athinaal loka bhoopadangalude nirmmaanam europian prasaadhakarkk saambathikamaayi prathiphaladaayakamaayirunnu. turkish bhaashayile bhoopadangalkku automan saamrajyam aavashyamaayirunnu, aaa vpaniye thripthippeduthunnathina bhoopadangal turkkiyilekku vivarthanam cheythu.
haasi ahmathinte jeevitam.
mapp teksttil rekhappeduthiyittulla thante jeevithathekkurichulla swantham vivaranamallathe, haashi ahmethinekkurichu mattonnum ariyilla.
njaan, eee pavam, daridran adichamarthappetta tunisukalude haasi ahmat, njaan oru kochukuttiyaayirunpol muthal padichirunnu, phes nagaratthile magribil", ahmet parayunnu, athu addehathinte uthbhavam hrasvamaayi vivarikkunnu, addeham avishwaasikalil ninnu pidikkappettuvennum bhoopadam srishtikkunnathiloode engane thante swaathanthryam veendedukkumennu vivarikkunnu.
katha anusarichu, ahmet fessil vidyaabhyaasam nedi, oru europian prabhuvine vaangiyappol addehathinu thante islaamika matham pinthudaraan kazhinju.