
austreliyayum kootta naseekarana aayudangalum

aanavaayudhangal, jaiva, raasa aayudangal ennivayekkurichulla vipulamaaya gaveshanangalil austreliya pankedutthittundengilum kootta naseekarana aayudangal oostreliyayude kaivashamilla.
raasa, jaiva aayudhangalude vyaapanathe sahayikkunnathinulla apakadasaadhyatha kuraykkaan sramikkunna raajyangalude anoupachaarika grouppaaya austreliya groupinte adhyakshanaan austreliya. austreliya groupil pankedukkunna ellah raajyangalum rasaayudha kanvenshanilum jaivaayudha kanvenshanilum kakshikalaanu, koodaathe lokathe raasa, jaiva aayudangalil ninnu mochippikkunathinulla aaa kanvenshanukalkku keezhilulla shramangale shakthamayi pinthunaykkunnu. raasa, jaiva aayudhangaleppole, australiyaykku aanavaayudhangalilla, avaa vikasippikkaan shramikkunnundennu ariyilla.
jaiva aayudangal.
aabhyanthara upayogathinum kayattumathikkumayi waxinukal nalkunna oru vyavasaayathe pinthunaykkunna rogaprathirodhashasthram, microbiology, janithaka enchiniyaring ennivayil australiyaykku noothana gaveshana paripaadikalundu. vipulamaaya veenju vyavasaayavum krishi, bhakshya saankethikavidya, madyanirmmaanam ennivayulppedeyulla mattu vyavasaayangale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi vyaavasaayika thalatthil sookshumajeevikal uthppaadippikkunnu. eee soukaryangalude eratta upayoga swabhaavam ardhamaakkunnathu, noothana biotechnological vyavasayangalulla eathoru raajyatheyum pole australiyaykkum eluppathil jaiva yuddha ejantukal nirmmikkaan kazhiyum ennaanu. victoriyayile geelongilulla australian sentar phoor disease readymaider ebola vairasinekkurich gaveshanam nadathukayaanu. australian microbial resources research network 37 kalchar shekharangal pattikappedutthunnu, avayil palathum niyamaanusrithamaaya gaveshana aavasyangalkkaayi rogakarikalaaya jeevikalude saambilukal sookshikkunnu.
charithram.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu thekkukizhakkan eshyayiloode japanese munnettatthinte pashchaathalatthil, australian prathirodha vakuppinte sekrattari eph.jii. shedden 1946 desember 24nuu mcfurlane barnattinu kathezhuthukayum jaivayudhathekkurichu charcha cheiyunnathinaayi unnatha sainika udyogastharude yogathil pankedukkaan shanikkukayum cheythu.
1947 septambaril puthiya aayudhangaludeyum upakaranangaludeyum vikasana samithiyude raasa, jaiva yuddha upasamithiyil cheraan barnattine shanikkukayum thudarnnu "jeevashasthraparamaaya konil ninnu yudhathekkurichulla kuripp" enna thalakkettil oru rahasya report thayyarakkukayum cheythu. 1951ll upasamithi shupaarsha cheythath "thekkukizhakkan eshyayileyum indoneshyayileyum praadeshika bhakshya vitharanathinethire phalapradamaaya jaiva ejantumaarude aakramanasaadhyathayekkurich report cheyyaan raasa, jaiva yuddha upasamitiye report cheiyunna oru panalinu adikaaram nalkanam" ennaanu.
pradhaanamantri roobert menseasinu aanavaayudhangal nedaan kooduthal thaalpparyamundaayirunnathil kemikkal, biological warfer sub kammittiyude pravartthanangal taamasiyaathe pinvalichu. 1972 epril 10 nuu austreliya jaiva aayudha kanvenshanil oppuvaykkukayum 1977 october 5 nuu amgeekaara certificat nikshepikkukayum cheythu.
raasaayudhangal.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu austreliya raasaayudhangalekkurich vipulamaaya gaveshanam nadatthi. austreliya orikkalum raasaayudhangal nirmmichittillenkum america, brittan ennividangalil ninnu labhikkuna raasaayudhangal sambharichittund. kaduk vaathakam, fosjeen, levisite, adamsite, cn vaathakam enniva sambharichathayi ariyappedunna rasaayudhangalil ulppedunnu.
mortar, peeranki shellukal, eriyal bombukal, bulk ejantumaar ennivayude roopathil sambharichirikkunna chila aayudangal japanese tunnel komplexukalkkethire upayogikkaan saadhyathayulla puthiya giniyayilekku ayachu. live' raasaayudhangal upayogichu niravadhi pareekshanangal nadannittundengilum (aduthulla chithratthil kaanichirikkunnathupole) aayudhangalude yadhaartha upayogam nadannilla.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, raasaayudhangal kathikkukayo (fosjeeninaayi) allengil kadalil valicheriyukayo cheythaanu nirveeryamaakkiyath. ekadesham 21,030 tonn raasaayudhangal austreliyayil ninnu brisbane, sidani, melbone ennivaykku sameepam kadalil valicherinju. jioff plunkettinte prathirodha reportil ithu ulppeduthiyittundu. australiyayile raasayudham" enna thalakkettil raasaayudhangalumaayulla oostreliyayude pankaalitthatthinte poornna charithram 2013 ll armi histtari yoonit (prathirodha vakupp) pusthaka roopathil prasidheekarichu (randaam pathipp) ithu jioff plunket rachichu.
1970ll pappuvayile embai airfieldil 1,000 poundu fosjeen bombukalude oru shekharam kandethukayum australian sainika udyogasthar athu nirveeryamaakkukayum cheythu, 1990 vare avaa pareekshichirunna mulpadarppil kaduk vaathakathinte drummukal ippozhum kandethappettirunnu. 1989ll kweenslandile maiks veltonil ninnu mattoru rasaayudha shekharam kandethi. 1993 januvariyil austreliya rasaayudha kanvenshanil oppidukayum 1994ll rasaayudha (nirodhana) niyamam upayogichu athu amgeekarikkukayum cheythu.
aanavaayudhangal.
niravadhi federal sarkkarukal eee ashayam anweshikkukayum eee chodyathekkurichu gaveshanam nadathukayum cheythittundenkilum australiyaykku nilavil aanavaayudhangalilla, svanthamaayi aanavaayudhangal orikkalum illa. 1956ll thanne yunaittad kingdatthil ninno amerikkayil ninno thanthraparamaaya aanavaayudhangal nediyedukkaan austreliya anweshanam nadathiyappol vyomamanthri athol tounli prathirodha mantri philipp mcbridinu kathezhuthi, oostreliyayude engleesh electric canbara bomberukalkkum kaak sabar faittarukalkkum aayudangal nalkunnathinaayi thanthraparamaaya aanavaayudhangal ettedukkaan shupaarsha cheythu.
eyar cheef marshell frederic sherger eyar athol tounliyum anthaaraashtra anthassin raajyathinte sainyathinte cheria valippathinum aanavaayudhangal nedunnathine pinthunachu. shergerinte britiish, american athiraalikal prolsaahajanakamaayirunnuvum mcmillan, isenhover sarkkarukal anganeyayirunnilla. chelavum anthaaraashtra raashtreeyavum kaaranam aabhyanthara uthppaadanam valare budhimuttaayirikkumennu pradhaanamantri roobert menseesinte sarkkar theerumaanichu.
1952num 1963num idayil monde bello dveepukal (ooppareshan chuzhalikkaatt), emu feeld, maralinga ennividangalil britiish aanava pareekshanatthinu austreliya aathidheyathvam vahichu. oru pankitta dhanasahaya krameekaranathode oru samyuktha soukaryamaayi maralinga vikasippichu. 1950kalil, aanavaayudham vitharanam cheyyaan uddeshichulla idatharam dhoora baalistik misailaaya (mrbm) blue streak misailinte vikasanathil austreliya pankedutthu.
sidneyile lucas haitsile australian hifar nuclear reactor 1958 muthal 2006 vare pravartthikkukayum ippol 2006 ll opaal reactor upayogichu maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu. kuranja sambushtamaaya euranium indhanavum thuranna pool laitt vaattar sisttavum upayogikkunnathinaanu puthiya reactor roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu.
austreliyayil yureniyathinte ganyamaaya nikshepamundu, ithu lokathile ariyappedunna shekharathinte 30 sathamaanamaanu. 1996 vare sarkkar nayam euranium nikshepathinte chooshanam moonnu sthaapitha khanikalil parimithappedutthi. naalu mile euranium khaniyile naalaamathe sthalam 2009 joolaiyil amgeekarichu. aanava vyaapanam thadayunnathinaayi roopakalppana cheytha karsanamaaya anthaaraashtra karaarukal prakaram euranium khananavum kayattumathiyum anuvadichukondu oostreliyayude euranium vyavasaayathinte kayattumathi saadhyathakal vikasippikkuka ennathaanu nilavile nayam.
1960kalil raaf idaykkide aanavaayudhangal nedunnathinekkurichu anweshanam thudarnnenkilum, austreliya 1970 februvari 27 nuu aanava nirvyaapana udambadiyil oppuvaykkukayum 1973 januvari 23 nuu udambadi amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. australian aattomik energy kammeeshan (aaec) yude aadya thalavanaaya sarr philipp baakstar, ippol australian nuclear sayans aandu teknolaji oorganaiseshan (aansto), nyoo southu weils sarvakalaashaalayude aadya vais chansalar ennivar austreliya oru aayudha grade plutoniyatthinte shekharavum angane aanavaayudhangalum vaangunnathine parasyamaayi vaadichu.
1970kalilum 1980kalilum aansto shaasthranjar centrifuge sambushteekarana saankethikavidya vikasippichu, akkaalathe vaanijya uranco centrifuge saankethikavidyayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaamennu avakaashappedunnu. atharam saankethikavidya, vyaavasaayika thalatthil vinyasikkukayaanenkil, aanavaayudhangalkkaayi uyarnna sambushtamaaya euranium ulppaadippikkaan thathwathil praapthamaakumaayirunnu. 1980kalude madhyathil gaveshanathinu sarkkar dhanasahayam nashtappettu.
oru vaanijya-thothilulla sambushteekarana plaantinu aanavaayudha padhathikku mathiyaya uyarnna sambushta euranium uthppaadippikkaanum kazhiyum. oru australian kambani euranium sambushteekaranathinaayi lazer eksaitteshan (silex) vazhi isodoppukale verthirikkunnathinayi oru puthiya prakriya sajeevamaayi vikasippichukondirikku.
oostreliyayude euranium upayogam vardhikkunnathine chuttipattiyulla prashnangalekkurichu oostreliyayude pradhaanamantri joonn howard 2006 ll oru patanam aarambhichu. aabhyantharamo videshamo aaya aanavorja reactors kuranja sambushtamaaya indhanam vitharanam cheiyunnathinulla oru aabhyanthara euranium sambushteekarana plaantum padanatthinte vishayangalil ulppedunnu.
austreliya oru aanava threashold rajyamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
2019ll, oru sainika thanthranjanaaya hyoog vaitt, australiyaykku aanavaayudhangal venamennu aavasyappettu.
delivari plaattphomukal.
mikkavarum ellah vikasita rajyangaleyum ettavum valia vikaswara rajyangaleyum pole, aanavaayudhangal vikasippichaal ayalraajyangalkk aanavaayudhangal ethikkaan upayogikkaavunna aayudha samvidaanangal australiyakkundu. royal australian vyomasenaykku 60 eph-35eiii lightining II strike faittarukalum (oordaril motham 72) 24 eph/eiii-18eph suuppar hornet strike faittarukalum undu.
austreliya munbu dougless eiii-4 skyhock graundu attaakk vimaanavum saidhaanthikamaayi aanavaayudhangal ethikkaan kazhivulla engleesh electric canbara, general dynamics eph-111sii bomberukalum yunaittad stetts airforcil ninnu parivartthanam cheytha eph-111jii thanthraparamaaya bomberukalum pravarthippichirunnu. 2021ll viramikkunnathuvare 75 eph/eiii-18eiii/bii hornattukalum pravarthichirunnu. eph-111sii vitharanam cheiyunnathinumumbu, austreliya yunaittad stetts vyomasenayil ninnu paattatthinu edutha mcdonnell dougless eph-4iii hrasvamaayi pravarthippichu, aanavaayudhangal ethikkaan kazhivulla staanderd block 43/44 modalukal.
1950kalil bomber vimaanagalkk vyoma jeevanakkaarude aavasyakatha (pravartthana aavasyakatha/vaayu) 36-nte bhaagamaayi, royal australian vyomasena "akramikkunna thanthraparamaaya aakramana sheshi", "kraa upadveep vare vadakku lakshyangalode oostreliyayude thanthraparamaaya prathirodham" ennivaykku oru aavasyakatha vyakthamaakkiyirunnu. bomberinu kuranjathu parambaraagatha bombukaloo oru neela danube aanavaayudhamo (1956 october 11 nuu maralingayil ninnu vyomathil pathicha) vahikkaan kazhiyanam. avro valkkan allengil handley peju victor nuclear bombarukalude praadeshikamaayi nirmmicha pathippukal pariganicha chila oopshanukalaayirunnu.
votteduppu.
2010leeii lovi instittyoott votteduppil chodichathu, "oostreliyayude adutha ayalrajyangalil chilar aanavaayudhangal vikasippikkaan thudangukayaanenkil, ningal vyakthiparamayi austreliyayum aanavaayudhangal vikasippikkunnathin anukoolamo ethiro aakumo?"
4 sathamaanam perr shakthamayi anukoolichathaayum 12 sathamaanam perr oru paridhivare anukoolichathaayum 16 sathamaanam perr (aake anukoolichathu) 63 sathamaanam perr shakthamayi ethirthathaayum 21 sathamaanam perr ethirthathaayum kandethi.
2022ll lovi instittyoott aanavaayudhangalkkulla oostreliyakkaarude pinthunayekkurichu mattoru votteduppu nadatthi. 11 sathamaanam perr shakthamayi anukoolikkukayum 25 sathamaanam perr anukoolikkukayum cheythu, motham 36 sathamaanam perr anukoolichu (2010 leeii votteduppil ninnulla vardhanavu), 24 sathamaanam perr ethirkkukayum 39 sathamaanam perr aanavaayudhangal nedunnathine shakthamayi ethirkkukayum cheythu.

