
divasathinte dairkhyathile ettakkurachilukal

veliyetta phalangal kaaranam bhoomiyude charithratthinte deerghakaalaadisthaanathil vardhicha divasathinte dairkhyavum (looad) kuranja samayaparidhiyil ettakkurachilukalkku vidheyamaan. aattomik klokkukalum saattalait lazer ranching vazhi samayathinte krithyamaaya alavukal looad niravadhi vyathyastha maattangalkk vidheyamaanennu velippeduthi. eee sookshumamaaya vyathiyaanangalkk eathaanum aazhchakal muthal kurachu varshangal vareyulla kaalayalavukalund. chalanathmakamaaya anthareekshavum bhoomiyum thammilulla edapedalukalaanu avaykku kaaranam. anthaaraashtra bhouma bhramanavum reference sisttam sevanavum mattangal nireekshikkunnu.
baahya torkkukalude abhaavathil, oru muzhuvan sistamenna nilayil bhoomiyude motham koneeya aakkam sthiramaayirikkanam. bhoomiyude coor, maanttil, puramthodu, samudrangal, anthareeksham, cryosphere ennivayude aapekshika chalanangalum vanthothilulla punarvitharanavumaan aantharika torkkukalkku kaaranam. motham koneeya aavegam sthiramaayi nilanirthunnathinu, oru mekhalayile koneeya aavegathinte maattam mattu pradeshangalile koneeya aavega maattangaliloode santhulithamaakkanam.
krasttal chalanagal (kondinental driftt polullava) allengil pollar cap urukal enniva mandagathiyilulla mathethara sambhavangalaanu. korum maantilum thammilulla savisheshamaaya samyojana samayam patthu varshathe kramatthilaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, koodaathe bhoomiyude bhramana nirakkinte 'dashakathile ettakkurachilukal' ennu vilikkappedunnathu korinullile ettakkurachilukal moolamaanennu karuthappedunnu, ithu maantililekku kaimaattam cheyyappedunnu. divasathinte dairkhyam (looad) kurachu varshangal muthal aazhchakal vare (kanakk) samaya skeyilukalil polum ganyamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu, koodaathe loadle nireekshicha ettakkurachilukal-baahya torkkukalude phalangal illaathaakkiya sesham-aantharika torkkukalude pravartthanatthinte nerittulla anantharafalamaanu. eee hraswakaala ettakkurachilukal orupakshe khara bhoomiyum anthareekshavum thammilulla prathipravartthanathiloode srishtikkappedunnathu.
mattu grahangalude divasa dairkhyavum vyathyaasappedunnu, prathyekichu shukragrahathinte, athinte chalanathmakavum shakthavumaya anthareekshamullathinaal divasathinte dairkhyam 20 minitt vare vyathyaasappedunnu.
nireekshanangal.
anthareeksha koneeya aavegathinte (aam) aksha gadakathinte eathu maattavum bhoomiyude puramthodinteyum aavaranathinteyum koneeya aavegathinte anubandha maattathodoppam undaayirikkanam (koneeya aavegathinte samrakshana niyamam kaaranam). sisttam maanttil-krasttinte jadathvathinte nimisham anthareeksha marddatthinte loading kondu alpam maathrame swaadheenikkappedunnul ennathinaal, ithinu pradhaanamaayum kharabhoomiyude koneeya vegathayil maattam aavasyamaanu; "i.iii.", thaamasasthalam maattuka. eathaanum manikorukal maathram dairkhyamulla samyojana samayangalil looad nilavil uyarnna krithyathayode alakkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe anthareekshathinte pothuvaaya rakthachamkramana modalukal modelle aam maattangale uyarnna krithyathayode nirnnayikkaan anuvadikkunnu. amum load thammilulla thaarathamyam kaanikkunnath avaa valare parasparabandhithamaanennu. prathyekichum, februvari 3 nuu paramavadhi 0.34 millisecond aamplityoodulla oru vaarshika kaalayalavum meyy 8 nuu paramavadhi 0.09 millisecond aamplityoodulla oru ardhavaarshika kaalayalavum athupole thanne 10 divasathe 0.01 millisecond kramatthile ettakkurachilukalum oraal thirichariyunnu. ell nino sambhavangale prathifalippikkunna antarkaala ettakkurachilukalum ardha-dwaivatsara aandolanangalum nireekshikkappettundu. aazhchakal muthal kurachu varshangal vareyulla samaya skeyilukalile looad mattangalil bhooribhaagavum aam mattangalil aaveshabharithamaanennu ippol pothuvaaya daaranayundu.
koneeya aavegathinte kaimaattam.
anthareekshavum bhoomiyude vaathakamallaatha bhaagangalum thammilulla koneeya aavegam kaimarunnathinulla oru maarggam baashpeekaranavum mazhayumaanu. samudrangalkkum anthareekshathinum idayil jalachakram valia alavil jalam neekkunnu. jalathinte pindam (neeravi) uyarumbol koneeya aavegam samrakshikkunnathinaal athinte bhramanam mandagathiyilaakanam. mazhayayi veezhumbol, koneeya aavegam samrakshikkunnathinaayi athinte bhramana nirakk vardhikkum. samudrangalil ninnu anthareekshathilekko allengil athinumukalilo jalathinte motham aagola kaimaattam khara/draavaka bhoomiyude bhramana vegathayile maattathe soochippikkunnu, athu loadle prathifalikkum. 
aam mattunnathinum athinanusarichulla thaamasasthala maattatthinum idayil ekadesham 10 divasathil kooduthal kaalayalavilekku kaaryamaaya kaalathaamasamillenn nireekshana thelivukal kaanikkunnu. ithu soochippikkunnathu uparithala gharshanam kaaranam anthareekshavum kharabhoomiyum thammilulla sakthamaaya samyojanamaanu, ekadesham 7 divasathe samaya sthiraangam, ikman paaliyude spin-daun samayam. eee spin-daun samayam anthareeksha aksha konukalude aakkam bhoomiyude uparithalathilekkum thirichum kaimaattam cheiyunnathinulla savishesha samayamaan.
bhoomiyum anthareekshavum thammilulla aksheeya koneeya aavegam kaimaattam cheiyunnathinu ettavum phalapradamaaya nilatthe soonal kaatt ghadakam, anthareekshathinte karkkashamaaya bhramanathe vivarikkunna gadakamaanu. eee gadakathinte soonal kaattinu bhoomiyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol madhyarekhayil "yuu" enna amplitude undu, avide "yuu"> 0 superrotteshane soochippikkunnu, "yuu" <0 kharabhoomiyumaayi bandhappett retrograde bhramanathe soochippikkunnu. matellaa kaatt padangalum aam akshaamshathode punarvitharanam cheiyunnu, ithu lokamembaadum sharashari cheyyumbol raddaakkappedunna oru falamaanu.
uparithala gharshanam anthareekshathe bhoomiyil ninnu koneeya aavegam 'edukkaan' anuvadikkunnu, allengil superrotation undaayal athu bhoomiyilekku vidunnu. deerghakaala skeyilukalil sharashari, kharabhoomiyumaayi aam kaimaattam nadakkunnilla. bhoomiyum anthareekshavum verpirinjirikkunnu. ithu soochippikkunnathu karkkashamaaya bhramanathinu kaaranamakunna bhootala mekhalaa kaatt ghadakam sharashari poojyamaayirikkanam ennaanu. vaasthavathil, bhoomiyile kalavastha sharashari soonal kaattinte nireekshicha meridian ghadana madhya akshamshangalil ekadesham ±30 digri akshaamshathinappurathu padinjaaran kaattum thaazhnna akshamshangalil (kizhakk ninnu) kizhakkan kaattum-vyapara kaattum-dhruvangalkk sameepavum kaanikkunnu.
(kaatt).
thaazhnnathum uyarnnathumaaya akshamshangalil bhoomiyil ninnu koneeya aavegam edukkukayum madhya akshamshangalil athe alavu bhoomiyilekku kaimarukayum cheiyunnu.
karsanamaayi karangunna soonal kaatt gadakathinte eathenkilum hraswakaala ettakkurachilukalkku sesham loadle samanamaaya maattavum undaakunnu. aaa phalatthinte vyaapthiyude kramam kanakkaakkunnathin, uparithala gharshanamillathe motham anthareeksham "yuu" (m/s ll) vegathayode karsanamaayi karangunnath oraalkk pariganikkaam. appol eee moolyam divasathinte dairkhyathinte (millisekkandukalil) anubandha maattavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
soothravaakyam _ 1
divasathinte dairkhyathinte maattatthinte vaarshika ghadakam pinneedu m/s enna sooppartotteshanumaayi poruthappedunnu, koodaathe ms muthal m/s vareyulla ardhavaarshika gadakavum.

