nikkolaay belalubsky

reyilveyilum sivil enchineeyaringilum prathyeka vaidagdhyamulla oru vishishta russian academic vidagthanaayirunnu nikkolaay apollonovich belelubsky (; 1 march [13 march puthiya shaili] 1845, khaarkiv-august 4,1922, petrograd). thante jeevithakaalathu addeham niravadhi pandita samoohangalil amgamaavukayum niravadhi prabandhangaludeyum prabhaashanangaludeyum rachayithaavaayi maarukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
pathinaram noottaandil ninnulla oru kuleena russian kudumbatthil 1845 march 1 (13) nuu khaarkiv enna sthalathu nikkolaay belubsky janichu. addehathinte kudumbam athra sukhakaramaayirunnilla. thante kuttikkalavum youvanavum taganroggil chelavazhicha addeham 1862ll taganrog boys jimneshyathil ninnu swarnna medel nedi birudam nedi. athe varsham thanne addeham instittyoott oof transportil (innu sent. 1867ll birudam nediya peettezhsburg stettu transport yooniversitti). belubsky instittyoottile ettavum mikacha birudadhaarikalil oralaayi kanakkakkappettu. birudaananthara birudathinushesham addeham instittyoottil oru swakaarya adthyaapakanaayi thudarnnu.
shaasthrathil, prathyekichu paalam nirmmaanatthil addeham thaalparyam valarthiyeduthu. 1873-ll addeham nirmmaana saamagrikalkkaayi asaadhaarana professoraayi niyamikkappedukayum moonnu varshathinu sesham poornna professor sthaanam vahikkukayum cheythu. bridge enchiniyaring, building meteeriyals ennee mekhalakalile gaveshanathinum parisheelanathinum addeham anthaaraashtra amgeekaaram nedi. 1881-ll belubsky gathagatha ashayavinimaya manthraalayathinte enchiniyaring kaunsilil amgamaayi.
paalam nirmmaathaav.
doonn, danube, volga, obu, kaama, oka, neva, irtish, belaya, ufa, neman, sorisina thudangi niravadhi nadikalkku kurukeyulla steel railway paalangal ulppede nooriladhikam padhathikal belubsky vyakthiparamayi roopakalppana cheyyukayum kaikaaryam cheyyukayum cheythu. addehathinte padhathikalil nirmmicha paalangalude aake neelam vardhippichu.
1875ll vladymyr ilichu sorisin, konstaantin yakovlevichu mikhailovsky ennivarumaayi sahakarichu belubsky alexander railway paalam roopakalppana cheythu. systran nagaratthinaduthulla volgaykk kuruke samara-slaattaust reyilveyilaanu paalam nirmmichathu. eee padhathiyil pravartthikkumbol, valia paalangalkkayi vyakthamaaya hedroomukal vishakalanam cheiyunnathinulla oru reethi belilubsky vikasippicheduthu, athu pinneedu vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappettu. 1880-ll poortthiyaaya eee paalam europile ettavum neelam koodiya paalamaayi maari, motham neelam athinte uparithala ghadana samvidaanathinu 13 spaanukalundaayirunnu, oronninum neelamundaayirunnu. madhya russia volga mekhalayum thammilulla nirnayakamaaya oru bandham eee paalam nalki, ithu kizhakk cyberiayilekkum thurkkisthaanilekkum trans-cyberian reyilveyude nirmmaanam thudaraan anuvadichu. nirmmaana pravarthanangalil ekadesham 2,500,000 aalukal ulppettirunnu, 10,000 cubic meteriladhikam kallukalum ekadesham 6,5 tonn irumbum aavashyamaayirunnu, athilupariyaayi, beljiyam ninnu bellabsky vyakthiparamayi irumbu vaangi, uyarnna nilavaaramulla loham aavasyappettu. (2004-ll, yadhaartha spaanukal puthiya aadhunika spaanukalaal maattisthaapichu).
1881-1884 kaalaghattatthil, belubsky padhathikku keezhil ekkatterinoslaavile neepparinu mukaliloode rund nilakalulla reyil paalam nirmikkappettu. thaazhathe nila trainukalkku maathramaayi roopakalppana cheythirunnappol mukalile nila kuthiravandi vaahanangalkkum kaalnadayathrakkaarkkum mathramaayirunnu. paalatthinte neelam athraye undaayirunnulloo. (1930 muthal 1950 vareyulla kaalaghattatthil paalam ganyamaayi shakthippeduthukayum naveekarikkukayum cheythu.).
belubsky oru mikacha pareekshanakaaranaayirunnu. nirmmaana saamagrikalude padanatthinu addeham valareyadhikam sambhavana nalkiyittundu, kuranjathu rund pradhana kandethalukalenkilum addeham nadathiyittundu aabhyanthara simant briteeshukaarekkaal moshamallenn addeham sthaapichu. ithu paalam nirmmaana prakriya valareyadhikam chelavukurachu. kaarban steelinte mechanical gunangal manasilakkunnathinulla sradheyamaaya purogathiyaayirunnu belubsky randaamathe nirnaayaka munnettam. 1882ll russiayil railway paalangalude nirmmaanatthil urukk upayogikkanamo enna chodyam aadyamaayi unnayichathu belubskyaanu. eee nirddeshathe railway mantraalayam udanadi pinthunachilla, kaaranam austriyayile loha paalangalil urukk ithuvare vyavasthaapithamaayi upayogichittilla, athesamayam germmaniyil akkaalathe savisheshathakal anusarichu ithu kurachu jagrathayodeyaanu upayogichirunnathu. kaarban steelinte bhouthikavum rasaparavumaaya gunangal vilayiruthiya belalubsky, akkaalathe vyapakamaaya abhipraayathinu virudhamaayi, nirmmicha irumbine apekshichu paalam nirmmaanatthil urukk kooduthal vishwasaneeyamaaya vasthuvaakumenn nigamanam cheythu. trans-cyberian reyilrodinte naalu pradhana bhaagangalil paalangalude nirmmaanatthil urukk upayogicha irumbinu pakaram urukk konduvaraan belubskick kazhinju. belubsky vikasippichedutha urukkinte savisheshathakal pinneedu videshathu vikasippicha samanamaaya savisheshathakalkk adithara paakukayum cheythu.
1885ll twarinu sameepamulla volga nadikkum 1886ll ufayile belaya nadikkum kurukeyulla paalangal roopakalppana cheyyumbol, belubsky "free kyarejwe" enna peril oru noothanamaaya kriyaathmaka pariharam nirddeshichu, athu transwers floor-beemkale swathanthramaayi thiranjeduttha konil thaazhathe kordukalumaayi bandhippikkunnathin keelukal upayogikkunnu. eee roopakalppana paanalukalude neelam kuraykkaan anuvadikkukayum gadanaaparamaaya frameukal eluppamaakkukayum truss amgangalile dvitheeya sammarddangal kuraykkukayum cheythu. lambamaya looad vahikkunna amgangalude saannidhyam thottilukal, bays frameukal, trasukalil upayogikkunna gadanaaparamaaya kanakshanukal ennivayude roopakalppana valare lalithamaakki. atharamoru connecting reethi belubsky kaalath oru supradhaanamaaya reethiyaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 1890 leeii eddinberg pradarshanatthil ithinu oru swarnna medel labhichu, pinneedu ithu "russian connecting reethi" ennariyappettu.
1893 muthal 1897 vare novonikkolevskalikkudu (ippol novosibirsk) obi nadikku kuruke railway paalatthinte roopakalppanaykkaayi belubsky vilichirunnu. madhyanirayilulla nadikalkku kuruke valia cyberian pathayil nirmmichirikkunna valia paalangalilonnaya ithu, valia cyberian paathayude rund valia bhagangalaaya padinjaaran cyberian, madhya cyberian railway enniva thammil oru supradhana bandham nalkunnu. russiayil aadyamaayi cantilever-beam tharatthilulla truss superstructure sajjeekaricha paalamaayirunnu ithu, athesamayam eee paalam thanne padinjaaran cyberian reyilveyile ettavum neelam koodiya paalamaayi maari. 1897 march march (epril 9) belubsky neethrthwathilulla bridge kammeeshan oresamayam 4 locomotteevukal (51.5 tonn veetham) spaanukalil sthaapich paalatthil pareekshanangal nadatthi. 1897 epril 5 (17) nuu paalam gathaagathathinaayi thurannu.
addehathinte enchiniyaring kariyarile apoji selenodolskinadutla volga nadikku kuruke romanovsky paalamaayi maari, athu 1917 october viplavathinu sesham chuvanna paalam ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu. athinte aakarshakamaaya ooppan varkk laattis spaanukal neelamaayirunnu (simbirsk nagaratthile paalathinu samanamaaya saankethika pariharam prayogichu). spaanukalude dairkhyam kaaranam, avayude ennam (aarr valuthum rund cheruthum) kuraykkunnathu saadhyamaanennu enchineeyar kandethi. 1913 juulai 11 nuu gathaagathathinaayi thuranna paalam 2006 vare nannayi pravartthikkukayum pinneedu naveekarikkappedukayum cheythu.
addehathinte avasaanathe pradhana padhathi rostov-oonn-donile paalamaayi maari, ithu jii. yumayi sahakarichu addeham roopakalppana cheytha <aii. dii. 1> ll nirmmichathaanu.pii. peredary aandu ezz. belsetsky.
belubsky svanthamaayi kaisonukal nirmmikkunna reethi vikasippicheduthu, athu pinneedu "kaisoon-slipper" reethi ennu vilikkapettu. koodaathe, nirmmaana saamagrikalude, prathyekichu shakthippeduthiya konkreettinte gunangal vishakalanam cheiyunnathinaayi addeham thante bhooribhaagam samayavum chelavazhichu.
niravadhi anthaaraashtra pradarshanangalilum forangalilum thante raajyathe prathinidheekarichu belubsky russian shaasthrathin valia sambhavanakal nalkiyittundu. 1878, 1889, 1900 varshangalile paarees pradarshanangal, 1890-leeii eddinberg pradarshanam, 1893-leeii chikkago ennivayulppede niravadhi prashastha pradarshanangalil addehathinte padhathikal prathinidheekarichu. addeham sajeeva samsthaana kaunsilarude sivil rank nedi, 1907-ll berlin saankethika sarvakalashaalayil ninnu oonarari doktarettu, 1909-ll "architecten-undu injeniyar-verin suu berlin" enna oonarari amgathvam, franch sosaitti oof sivil enchineeyarmaaril oonarari amgathvam enniva addehathinte anthaaraashtra amgeekaarathil ulppedunnu. internaashanal association oof railway kongrasukalile amgavum englandile instittyoott oof konkreettile oonarari amgavumaayirunnu addeham.
sent. peettezhsburg addeham serpukovskaya street 4-ll niravadhi varshangal thaamasichu, 1910-ll bronitskaya street street maari.
1922 august 4 nuu sent peettezhsbargil vachu nikkole belubsky marikkukayum novadevichi semitheriyil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.
samakaalikarude saakshyam anusarichu, belubsky uyarnna samskaaravum aantharika ulladakkavumulla oru vyakthiyaayirunnu. elima, bhakti, bhauthika niswaarthatha enniva russian school oof bridge bildinginte sthaapakanteyum bridge designinginte "kavi" yudeyum pradhana vyakthiparamaaya swabhaavasavisheshathakalaayirunnu. 
athesamayam, addeham jeevichirunna samoohathinte nilavaaram kanakkiledukkumbol, mikacha shaasthranjane oru daridran vichithranumayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. ennaal belubsky orikkalum eee saahacharyathil ninnu vaikaarikamaayi kashtappettilla, bhauthika vasthukkalekkaal athmeeya moolyangalkku munganana nalki, athesamayam janangale sevikkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinu ettavum valia santhosham.
vidyaabhyaasa pravartthanangal.
rajyathinaayi railway enchineeyarmaare thayyarakkan belubsky ganyamaaya vidyaabhyaasa sramangal nadatthi. instittyoott oof transportinu purame, mining instittyoott, instittyoott oof sivil enchineeyarmaar, imperial akkadami oof arts, womens polytechnic kozhsukal ennivayilum addeham prabhashanam nadatthi. addehathinte "kozhs oof structural mechanics" (1885) vidyaarthikalkku ettavum janapriyamaaya paatapusthakavum niravadhi enchineeyarmaarkku oru reference pusthakavumayi maari.
addeham thante vidyaarthikalodu parayaarundayirunnu "ningal bhaaviyile enchineeyarmaaraanu. ithil kooduthal mecham enthaayirikkum? ningal paalangal roopakalppana cheyyukayum nirmmikkukayum cheyyum. nooro athiladhikamo varshatholam nilanilkkunna paalangalaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. mikacha roopakalppana, saankethikavidyakal, nirmmaana reethikal ennivaykkaayi thirayuka. ennaal oru kaaryam marakkarutha ningal ningalude swantham nirmmaana padhathikalude yajamaananmaaraayirikkanam. ningal udamastharalla, marichu yajamaananmaaraan, kaaranam ningal samsthaanathinu vendi, janangalkk vendi nirmmikkunnu. kaaryakshamamayum shradhaapoorvavum mithamaayum urachathum yadhaarthathil nirmmikkuka. oro yugavum athinte upayogapradamaaya puthuma konduvarunnu, oro enchineeyarum thante parisheelanatthil oru padi munnott pookanam. enthaayaalum, addeham athinaayi parisramikkanam, allengil addeham oru enchineeyaro swantham karakaushalathil praaveenyamullavaro allah ".
durbalaraaya vidyaarthikalkkulla academic pinthunayude samooham, sthreekalude saankethika padanathinaayi fund swaroopikkunnathinulla samooham ennee adhika kozhsukal addeham aarambhichuvennath sradheyamaanu.

