
thala-end power

reyil gathaagathathil, electric train supply (iii. tii. ezz) ennum ariyappedunna head-end power (hep) oru passenture trainile vaidyutha vitharana samvidaanamaanu. vaidyuthi srothass, saadhaaranayaayi oru traininte munvashatho 'thalayilo' oru locomotive (allengil oru janarettar kaar), choodaakkal, lighting, electrical, mattu 'hotel' aavasyangalkkaayi upayogikkunna vaidyuthi nalkunnu. samudrathinu thulyamaayathu hotel vaidyuthiyaanu. 1881 octoberil lunden, braittan, southu koost railway ennivar lunden muthal braittan vareyulla yaathrakkaarude kaarukalkk velicham nalkaanulla vijayakaramaya sramam lokathile trainukalkku vaidyuthi upayogikkunnathinu thudakkamittu.
charithram.
1842ll trainukalkku velicham nalkunnathinaayi oayil laambukal avatharippichu. 1870-ll saambathikashaasthram lancashire, yorkshare railway ennaykku pakaram kalkari vathaka lighting sthaapikkaan prerippichuvenkilum trainil gyaas silindar pottitherichathu pareekshanam upekshikkaan avare prerippichu. 1870 avasaanathode oayil gyaas lighting avatharippichu. recharge cheiyunnathinu munbu ekadesham 6 manikkoor lighting anuyojyamaaya 32 fure ledu assid recharge cheyyaavunna cellukalude underslung baattariyumaayi bandhippichirikkunna panthrand swan kaarban philament incandesent vilakkukal upayogichu 1881 octoberil electrical lighting avatharippichu.
1881-ll north britiish railway oru trainil vaidyutha velicham nalkunnathinaayi "saahodarya" steem locomotivil oru dynamo upayogichu vijayakaramaayi vaidyuthi uthppaadippichu, eee ashayam pinneedu "head-end power" ennu vilikkapettu. uyarnna neeravi upabhogam sisttam upekshikkaan kaaranamaayi. 1883ll lunden, braittan, southu koost railway ennivar oru axilil ninnu nayikkunna dynamo upayogichu vaidyuthi uthppaadippichu moonnu trainukal aarambhichu. ithu gaardinte vaanil oru ledu assid baattari charge cheyyukayum gaard upakaranangal pravarthippikkukayum paripalikkukayum cheythu. trainil electric lighting samvidaanam vijayakaramaayi nalki.
1885ll frankfurt aam meyinile trainukalil mohring type dynamoyum acumulatorukalum upayogichu electric lighting avatharippichu. dynamo 18 muthal 42 mile vare vegathayil axilil ninnulla pullikalum belttukalum upayogichu oodikkukayum kuranja vegathayil vaidyuthi nashtappedukayum cheythu.
1887-ll, amerikkayile florida special, chikkago limittad trainukalile bagej kaarukalile neeravi-niyantritha janarettarukal traininte ellah kaarukalkkum wiring vazhi electric lighting nalki, mattoru tharatthilulla head-end power avatharippichu.
vaidyutha laittingumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol enna-vathaka lighting prakaashatthinte uyarnna theevratha nalkukayum 1913 septambar vare kooduthal janapriyamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu, appol aisgil midu land reyilveyil oru apakadam dhaaraalam yaathrakkaarude maranathinu kaaranamaayi. eee apakadam trainukalkku velicham nalkunnathinu vaidyuthi upayogikkaan railway prerippichu.
neeravi yugathinte sheshikkunna kaalathum aadyakaala deesal yugathilum, locomotive vitharanam cheiyunna thaazhnna mardhamullah pooritha neeravi upayogichaanu passenture kaarukal choodaakkiyirunnathu, kaar laittinginum vaayusanjaarathinumulla vaidyuthi oro kaarilum axel-driven janarettarukal charge cheiyunna baattarikalil ninno carbodic keezhil gadippichirikkunna enchin-janarettar settukalil ninno labikkum. 1930 muthal, reyil kaarukalil eyar contitioning labhyamaayi, axilil ninnulla mechanical power take oof, cheria samarppita enchinukal allengil propain enniva vazhi avaa pravarthippikkaanulla oorjjam nalkunnu.
thathfalamaayi lighting power, steem heett, enchin nayikkunna eyar contitioning ennivayude prathyeka samvidaanangal attakuttappanikalude joliyum bhaagangalude vyaapanavum vardhippichu. head-end power oru muzhuvan trainine aaa pravarthanangalellaam kaikaaryam cheyyaan orotta oorjja srothassine anuvadikkum.
neeravi kaalaghattatthil finlandileyum russiayileyum ellah kaarukalkkum maram kondo kalkari kondo thee koluthunna aduppundaayirunnu. atharamoru pariharam europile mikka raajyangalilum theepidithamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, pakshe russiayil allah.
yunaittad kingdom.
thudakkathil, neeravi locomotive valikkunna trainukalkku vandikal choodaakkunnathinu locomotivil ninnu neeravi vitharanam nalkum. deesal locomotteevukalum electric locomotteevukalum neeravikku pakaram vannappol, neeravi choodaakkal oru neeravi-choodu boiler vazhi vitharanam cheythu. ithu ennayil (deesal locomotteevukalil) allengil oru electric ghadakam (electric locomotteevukalil) choodaakkiyaanu nirmmichathu. ennayil pravartthikkunna neeravi choodu boyilarukal vishwasaneeyamallaathavayiraayinu. avar gadippichirunna eathoru classilum mattethoru systethekkaalum allengil locomotive gadakathekkaalum kooduthal locomotive paraajayangalkk kaaranamaayi, ithu kooduthal vishwasaneeyamaaya oru carging heating reethi sweekarikkunnathinulla oru pradhana prachodanamaayirunnu.
eee samayat, train oodumbool oro vandikkum thaazhe oru dynamo charge cheytha baattarikalaan laittinginu karuth pakarnnirunnath, koodaathe buffet kaarukal paachakatthinum vellam choodaakkunnathinum kuppivellam upayogikkum.
electric train heett (iii. tii.), electric train supply (iii. tii. ezz).
pinneedu deesalukalilum electric lokomotteevukalilum electric train heating (eiii. iii. echu) upakaranangal sajjeekarichirunnu, ithu pazhaya lokkomotteevukalude upayogathinaayi nilanirtthiya steem-heett upakaranathinoppam sthaapicha electric heating gadakangal pravarthippikkunnathinni vandikalkku vaidyuthorjjam nalki. pinneedu vandikalude roopakalppanakal neeravi-choodu upakaranangal nirthalaakkukayum theevandiyile choodaakkal, lighting (train lighting baattarikal charge cheiyunnathu ulppede), vaayusanjaaram, eyar contitioning, faanukal, sokkattukal, adukkala upakaranangal ennivaykkaayi eiii. iii. echu. vitharanam upayogikkukayum cheythu. eee dhaarmikatha amgeekarikkunnathiloode oduvil electric train supply (iii. tii. ezz) ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
oro kochinum athinu upayogikkaan kazhiyunna paramavadhi vaidyuthi upabhogavumaayi bandhapetta oru soochikayundu. ellah soochikakaludeyum aakethuka locomotteevinte soochikayil kavian paadilla. oru "ethu indux yoonit" 5 kilovattinu thulyamaanu; 95 ethu induxulla oru locomotivinu traininu 475 kilowatt vaidyuthi nalkaan kazhiyum.
vadakke america.
bosttanilum maine reyilveyilum vikasippichedutha pazhaya axel janarettar samvidaanathekkaal aadyathe munnettam, niravadhi neeravi locomotteevukalum passenture kaarukalum bosttanile samarppita commuter sevanathilekku athichu. kuranja sharashari vegathayum oru yaathrakkaarude pravartthanatthinte savisheshathayaaya idaykkide nirthunna stoppukalum kaaranam, axel janarettarukalude outtputtu baattarikal charge cheyyaan paryaapthamallaathathinaal lighting, ventilation paraajayangalekkurichu yaathrakkaarude parathikalkk kaaranamaayi. ithinu marupadiyaayi, eee trainukalkku nalkiyirikkunna locomotteevukalil railway uyarnna sheshiyulla janarettarukal sthaapikkukayum kaarukalilekku kanakshanukal nalkukayum cheythu. kaarukal choodaakkaan locomotivil ninnulla neeravi upayogichirunnu.
chila aadyakaala deesal streamlinerukal vaidyuthiyil pravartthikkunna lighting, eyar contitioning, heating enniva upayogikkunnathinaayi avarude sthiramaaya nirmmaanam prayojanappedutthi. kaarukal nilavilulla yaathrakkaarude stokkumaayi kalarthaan uddeshichullathallaathil, eee samvidaanangalude anuyojyatha oru aashankayaayirunnilla. udaaharanathinu, nebrasca sephire trainsettil oonboord upakaranagalkk power nalkunna aadyathe kaaril moonnu deesal janarettar settukalundu.
deesal locomotteevukal yaathrakkaarude sevanathil avatharippichappol, kaar choodaakkaan neeravi nalkunnathinu avayil neeravi janarettarukal sajjeekarichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, axel janarettarukaludeyum baattarikaludeyum upayogam varshangalolam thudarnnu. 1950 kalude avasaanathil chikkago vadakkupadinjaaran railway avarude eiii. emm. dii eph7, iii8 locomotteevukalil ninnu steem janarettarukal neekkam cheyyukayum deesal janarettar settukal sthaapikkukayum cheythappol ithu marran thudangi ("peninsula 400" kaanuka). baattari charge nilanirthunnathinu axel janarettarukale sahayikkunnathinaayi avarude commuter trainukalkku ithinakam thanne locomotteevukalil ninnu kuranja volteju, kuranja nilavile vaidyuthi labhikkunnathinaal ithu oru swaabhaavika parinaamamayirunnu.
pala yaathrakkaarude kappalukalum vegathil heppylake parivartthanam cheyyappettappol, deerghadoora trainukal neeravi thapavum baattariyil pravartthikkunna vaidyutha samvidaanangalum upayogichu pravartthikkunnathu thudarnnu. intersity passenture reyil sarvees amtraakkilekkum reyil vazhiyum kaimaariyathinethudarnnu ithu kramena maari, aathyanthikamayi amerikkayilum canadayilum hepp poornnamaayum sweekarikkunnathinum pazhaya samvidaanangal nirthalaakkunnathinum kaaranamaayi.
1971ll roopeekarichathinethudarnna, aamtraakkinte prarambha locomotive vaangal electro-motive (iii. emm. dii) ezz. dii. pii 40eph aayirunnu, ithu vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna ezz. dii <aii. dii. 1> 3000 kuthirashakthiyulla charakk locomotteevinte oru pathippaanu, ithu oru passenture stail carbody neeravi uthppaadippikkaanulla seshiyum gadippichirikkunnu. muun reyilvekalil ninnu nediya pazhaya neeravi choodaakkiya passenture kaarukalumayi samyojichu aadhunika motive power upayogikkaan ezz. dii. pii 40eph anuvadichu, ithu aavashyathinaayi nirmmicha kaarukalum locomotteevukalum vaangaan amtrack samayam anuvadikkunnu.
1975-ll, general electric (ge) pii30echu, iii60echu locomotteevukal valichedukkunna ool-electric amphlete kaarinte vitharanam amtrack aarambhichu, pinneedu emdi eph40echu, am-7 locomotteevukal enniva vardhippichu, ivayellaam hepp nalkaan sajjeekarichirikkunnu. ithinaayi hepp janarettarukal upayogichu anchu amtrack iii8kall punarnirmmichu. koodaathe, hepp ithara motive power (vishwasaneeyamallaatha metroliner emukalkku pakaramaayi jiji 1 kall) upayogichu amphlete valikkaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi 15 bagej kaarukal hepp janarettar kaarukalaayi parivartthanam cheythu. amphlete avatharippichathinethudar, (muzhuvan electric) superliner reyil kaar deerghadoora padinjaaran roottukalil pravarthanakshamamakki. amtrack pinneedu neeravi choodaakkiya kappalppadayude oru bhagam hepp upayogichu muzhuvan vaidyutha pravarthanamaakki maattukayum 1980 kalude madhyathode bakkiyulla parivartthanam cheyyaatha kaarukal pinvalikkukayum cheythu.
head end power kaar.
head end power kaar (janarettar kaar ennum ariyappedunnu) head end power (hep) nalkunna oru reyil kaaraan. mikka aadhunika locomotteevukalum hepp vitharanam cheiyunnathinaal avaa kooduthalum upayogikkunnathu pazhaya locomotteevukal upayogikkunna heritteju railwayo allengil avarude upakaranangal vinodasanchaarikalkkaayi kondupookunna railway myoosiyangalo aanu. yaathrakkaarude upakaranagalkk hepp vitharanam cheiyunnathinaayi deesal janarettarukalum indhana taankukalum upayogichu punarnirmmicha mattu rolling stokkukalaayi niravadhi head end power kaarukal aarambhichu. 
deesalil pravartthikkunna vandikal kooduthal saadhaaranamaanenkilum, vaidyutha vandikalum nilavilundu, avaa hepp illaathe lokkokal valikkumbozho locomotivil gadippikkaathappozho trainukalkku vaidyuthi nalkaan upayogikkunnu.
enchin.
hepp janarettar onnukil locomotive allengil janarettar kaaril gadippichirikkunna oru prathyeka enchino allengil locomotteevinte prime movero upayogichu oodikkaam.
prathyeka enchinukal.
jensett-vitharanam cheytha hepp saadhaaranayaayi pradhana propulsion (prime mover) enchinil ninnu swathanthramaaya oru ooksilari deesal unitiloodeyaanu. atharam enchin/janarettar settukal saadhaaranayaayi locomotteevinte pinbhaagathulla oru compartmentil sthaapikkunnu. prime mover hepp jensettum indhana vitharanam pankidunnu.
hraswa trainukalil vaidyuthi nalkunnathinaayi cheria under-kaar enchin/janarettar settukalum nirmmikkunnu.
locomotive prime mover.
pala prayogangalilum, locomotteevinte prime mover propulsion head-end power nalkunnu. hepp janarettar enchin aanu pravarthippikkunnathil, aavashyamaaya 50 hearts allengil 60 hearts essy line freekwansi nilanirthaan athu sthiramaaya vegathayil (rpm) pravartthikkanam. oru enchineeyar throttil uyarnna rann sthaanathu vaykkendathilla, kaaranam oonboord electronics nischitha aavruthi nilanirthunnathinu enchinte vegatha niyanthrikkunnu.
aduthide, locomotteevukal traction janarettaril ninnu pravartthikkunna oru staatik inverterinte upayogam sweekarichu, ithu prime moovarinu valia rpm shreni anuvadikkunnu.
prime moveril ninnu uruthirinjappol, traction pavarinte chelavilaanu hepp uthpaadippikkunnathu. udaaharanathinu, general electric pii 32, pii 40 locomotteevukal yathaakramam hepp vitharanam cheyyumbol apakeerthippeduthunnu. fairbanks-mozhs pii-12-42 athinte prime mover sthiramaaya vegathayil pravarthippikkaan krameekaricha aadyathe hepp sajjeekaricha locomotteevukalil onnaayirunnu, traction janarettar outtputtu vyathyastha eksaitteshan volteju upayogichu maathram niyanthrikkappedunnu.
1969ll milwaki roadle nadanna oru iii. emm. dii. locomotteevinte prime mover nadathunna heppinte aadya pareekshanangalilonn iii. emm. dii. iii9 <aii. dii1> aayirunnu, ithu sthiramaaya vegathayulla pinn enchinaakki parivartthanam cheythu.
electrical loading.
hepp power lighting, echu. vii. eiii. sii, daining kaar adukkala, baattari charging lodukal enniva nalkunnu. oru saadhaarana kaarinu 20 kilowatt muthal adukkalayum daining eriyayumulla oru thaazhikakkuda kaarinu 150 kilovattil kooduthal vare vyakthigatha kaar electrical loading sreniyilaanu, alaskayil pravartthikkunna princes touur ultra thaazhikakkuda kaarukal polullava.
volteju.
vadakke america.
vadakke amerikkayile train dairkhyavum uyarnna oorjja aavashyakathakalum kaaranam, hepp 480 vii (usile staanderd), 575 vii, allengil 600 vii ennivayil moonnu ghatta essy aayi vitharanam cheiyunnu. kuranja voltejilekku kuraykkunnathinu oro kaarilum transformerukal gadippichirikkunnu.
yunaittad kingdom.
yukeyil, 800 vii muthal 1000 vii essy/dissy rund pooll (400 allengil 600 eiii), 1500 vii essy rund pooll (800 eiii) allengil echstil 415 vii 3 ghattathil etts vitharanam cheiyunnu. muun thekkan mekhalayil, 750 vii. sii. vitharanathinayi emm. keey. aii. vandikal vayar cheythathaayirunnu. ithu moonnaamathe reyil shringalayile line voltejumaayi poruthappedunnu. klaas 73 locomotteevukal eee line volteju nerittu iii. tii. ezz jumpermark vitharanam cheiyunnu, athesamayam klaas 33 deesal electric locomotteevukalkku prathyeka enchin nayikkunna train heating janarettar undu, ithu train heating kanakshanukalilekku 750 vii. sii. vitharanam cheiyunnu.
ireland.
irelandil, europian/aiisi staanderd 230/400 vii 50 hearts (yadhaarthathil 220/380 vii 50 hearts) aanu hepp nalkunnathu.) airish, europian union aabhyanthara, vaanijya kettidangalilum vyavasaayathilum upayogikkunna oorjja samvidaanangalude athe savisheshathayaanithu.
cork-dabin kaphe emm. keey. 4 settukalil, driving trailer vaanilum push-pull enterprise settukalilum sthithi cheiyunna rund janarettarukalaanu ithu nalkunnathu, ithu oru samarppita tailing vaanile janarettarukalaanu nalkunnathu. kappalppadayude bhooribhaagavum ulkkollunna airish dmu trainukal oro kochinum keezhil sthithi cheiyunna cheria janarettarukal upayogikkunnu.
charitraparamaayi, heppilum pazhaya vaahanangalilum, janarettarukalum steem boyilarukalum adangiya trail janarettar vaanukaliloodeyaanu neeravi choodaakkal nalkiyirunnathu. iva saadhaaranayaayi train settukalude pinbhaagathaayirunnu. enterprise doublin-belfast train settukal thudakkathil gm 201 deesal-electric locomotteevukalil ninnulla hepp upayogichirunnuvenkilum vishwaasyatha prashnangalum locomotive samvidaanangalile amithamaya kshayam kaaranam janarettar vaanukal (retaired airish reyil emm. keey 3 settukalil ninnu uravidamaakkukayum push-pull upayogathinaayi poruthappedutthukayum cheythu) chertthu.
201 klaas locomotivinu theepidichappol hepp mooad thakarnnu.
russia.
russian kaarukal dissy lainukalil 3 kevi dissy voltage locomotteevinte pradhana transformer nalkunna essy lainukalil 3 kevi essy voltage upayogichu electric heating upayogikkunnu. puthiya kaarukal kooduthalum nirmmikkunnath padinjaaran europian nirmmaathaakkalaanu, avaa sambannamaaya kaarukalkk samaanamaayi sajjeekarichirikkunnu.
europe (russia ukyum ozhikeyulla rick kaarukal).
rick kaarukalkk inipparayunna naalu voltejukalilum vitharanam cheyyaan kazhiyanam 1,000 vii hearts essy, 1,500 vii 50 hearts essy, 1,500 vii dissy, 3,000 vii dissy. aadyathethu austriya, jarmmani, norway, sweeden, swittsarland ennividangalil upayogikkunnu, avide kattanari samvidaanam upayogikkunnu. randaamathethu (1.5 kevi essy) kattanari samvidaanam upayogikkunna rajyangalil (croatia, denmark, finland, hungery, porchugal, serbia, yuke, france, itali, russia ennividangalile chila lineukal) upayogikkunnu. rund saahacharyangalilum, locomotteevinte pradhana transformero deesal locomotteevukalile essy alternatoro aanu sariyaaya volteju nalkunnathu. dissy power upayogikkunna rajyangalil (1.5 kevi allengil 3 kevi dissy), pantograph shekharikkunna volteju kaarukalilekku nerittu vitharanam cheiyunnu. (beljiyam, polandu, spain, russiayileyum italiyileyum chila lineukal 3 kevi upayogikkunnu, netherlandsile chila lineukal 1.5 kevi upayogikkunnu; "railway vaidyutheekarana samvidaanangalude pattika" enna lekhanathil kooduthal vishadamaaya vivarangal kaanuka.)
aadhunika kaarukal palappozhum 1,000 vii 50 hearts acye pinthunaykkunnu, eee inam chilappol dippokalilum parking sthalangalilum kaanapedunnu.
pazhaya europian kaarukal uyarnna volteju (allengil neeravi locomotive vitharanam cheiyunna neeravi, (chila deesalukalilum elaktrikkukalilum steem boyilarukalum gadippichirunnu), steem janarettar kaarukalum upayogichu, chila kaarukalil kalkari allengil ennayil pravartthikkunna boiler gadippichirunnu) choodaakkaan maathram, athesamayam velicham, faanukal, mattu kuranja nilavile vitharanam (udha.jii. kulimuriyile shaver sokkattukal) axilil pravartthikkunna janarettaraan vaidyuthi nalkiyathu. innu, soolid stettu electronicsile (thyristerukalum aii. jii. bii. tikalum) vikasanathode, mikka kaarukalkkum switching power supplies undu, athu eathenkilum rick volteju (<aii. dii. 1> kevi dissy allengil/50 hearts essy) edukkukayum aavashyamaaya ellah kuranja voltejukalum nalkaan kazhiyukayum cheiyunnu. kuranja voltageukal nirmmaathaakkale aashrayich vyathyaasappedunnu, ennaal saadhaarana moolyangal ivayaanu
uyarnna volteju hepp lainil ninnaan saadhaaranayaayi electric heating vitharanam cheythirunnathenkilum asaadhaaranamaaya voltageukal vipaniyil saadhaaranamallathathinaal upakaranangal chelaveriyathaanu.
oru staanderd rick-kamplayint echvi heaterinu aarr resistarukal undu, avaa voltejinu anusrithamaayi maarunnu 6 seereesil (3 kevi dissy), 2x3 seereesil (1.5 kevi essy allengil dissy) allengil 3x2 seereesil (1 kevi essy). surakshaykkaayi sariyaaya konfigareshan thiranjedukkunnathum mattunnathum yaanthrikamaanu. yaathrakkaarkk thermostaatt maathrame pravarthippikkaan kazhiyoo.
chaina.
chainayil hepp rund roopangalil vitharanam cheyyappedunnu.
2005 nuu munbu nirmmicha ellah 25eiii/jii kaarukalum, punarnirmmichathum aircondition cheythathumaaya 22/25 bii kaarukal, mikka 25keey kaarukal, mikka bsp-nirmmitha 25tii kaarukal ennivayil, janarettar kaarukal (yadhaarthathil ts kaarukal ennu tharamthirickunnu, pinneedu kediyayi punarvarggeekarichiriknu), kurachu df11jii deesal locomotteevukal, valare parimithamaaya ennam retrophittad ss9 elaktrikkukal enniva vazhi moonnu gattangalaaya 380 vii essy yill hepp vitharanam cheiyunnu. deesal janarettar settukalulla kaarukalum (factory nirmmicha rz/rw/ca 22/23/25 b kaarukal, chila punarnirmmicha yz/yw 22/23/25 b kaarukal, mikka jarmman nirmmitha 24 kaarukalum, prathyeka upayogathinaayi valare parimithamaaya ennam 25 gram/k/t kaarukalum) eee roopathil swantham vaidyuthi nalkunnu. deesal janarettar sajjeekarichirikkunna kaaril ninnu essy vaidyuthi ayal saadhaarana hepp kaarilekk root cheyyaan kazhiyum, ennirunnaalum eee saahacharyathil rund kaarukalkkum avarude eyar contitioning pravartthippikkaano poornna looad samayat choodaakkaano kazhiyilla. deesalil pravartthikkunna kaarukalkk swantham deesal upayogikkaathe thanne mattevideyengilum ninnu varunna heppilum pravarthippikkaan kazhiyum. janarettar kaar traction power, staaf, indhanam (vaidyutheekaricha lainukalil pravartthikkunnundel) enniva paazhaakkunnathinaal, kaaryakshamamallaathathum kaalaharanappettathumaayathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnundu, essy hepp upayogikkunna puthiya kaarukal ippozhum uthppaadanathilaanu, puthiya janarettar kaarukal/settukal, kooduthalum vaidyutheekaranamillaatha pradeshangalil upayogikkunnathinaayi, hepp vitharanam cheyyaan kazhivulla chaina reyilveyude enchinukalil bhooribhaagavum electric lokomotteevukalaanu.
mikka puthiya 25 gram kaarukalilum 25/19 t kaarukalilum, 600 vdc-yill vaidyuthi vitharanam cheiyunnathu ss7sii, ss7dii, ss7iii, ss8, ss9, echxd1dii, echxd3sii, echxd3dii thudangiya electric lokkokalum chila df11jii deesalukalum (no.0041,0042,0047,0048,0053-0056,0101-0218) aanu. uyarnna uyarathilulla kwinghy-tibatt reyilveyil upayogikkunnathinu niyukthamaaya cheria ennam prathyeka janarettar kaarukalum (cused-keddy25tii) 600 vii. dii. siyil vaidyuthi vitharanam cheiyunnu. puthiya dissy-sajjeekaricha enchinukalum kaarukalum athivegam sevanathilekku praveshikkunnathinoppam essy upayogichu pazhaya upakaranangalude vaardhakyavum viramikalum, dissy hepp chaina reyilveyude vaidyuthi vitharanathinte kooduthal pramukha roopamaayi maari.
valare parimithamaaya ennam kaarukalkk, kooduthalum 25 tonn kaarukalkk, rund tharatthilulla heppukalilum oodaan kazhiyum.
itharamaarggangal.
mikka locomotive-hold trainukalum locomotivil ninnu nerittu vaidyuthi edukkunnundengilum, train nilkkumbozhum head-end pavarumaayi bandhippikkappedaathumpo restorant kaarukalkk overhead vayarukalil ninnu nerittu vaidyuthi edukkaan kazhiyunna udaaharanangalund (pradhaanamaayum kondinental europil). udaaharanathinu, jarmman restorant kaarukalaaya wrms 135 (1969), doubleuarbums 139 (1975), ams 211 (1971) ennivayellaam paantograafukal kondu sajjeekarichirikkunnu.
chila finnish daining/cattering kaarukalil oru antharnirmmitha deesal janarettar settu undu, athu locomotive vitharanam cheiyunna vaidyuthi labhyamaakumbol polum upayogikkunnu.
kanektikattu samsthaanam theeradesha paatha eest sarvees aarambhichappol, avar pala kesukalilum, hepp vitharanam cheyyaan kazhiyaatha pazhaya charakk deesalukalulla puthiya passenture kaarukal upayogichirunnathinaal chila kochukal hepp janarettar sthaapich vitharanam cheythu. hepp upayogichu locomotteevukal etteduthathode iva neekkam cheythu.
hepp supply (allengil poruthappedaattha hepp supply) illaatha oru locomotive oru passenture train valichidumbol, amtrack cascades train allengil irenard airans kaphe maarkk 4 driving vaan trailer (eratta manushyan 2846 leeii 202 (320 kilowatt)/lettag (330 kilova) enchin/janarettar settukal, gesson kootticherthathu) polulla oru prathyeka janarettar vaan upayogikkaam. kivireyil (nyoosiland) avarude trans manoharamaaya passenture sevanangalkkayi eji klaas lagej-janarettar vaanukal upayogikkunnu; vairarappa lainile trans metro oru janarettar sthaapikkunnathinu anuyojyamaaya inteeriyarinte bhagamaaya ezz. dablyu. jii klaas passenture vandikal upayogikkunnu. shabdamuyarthunna sahodaranmaar. baarnam & bailey sarkkas train athinte passenture kochukalkku hepp vitharanam cheiyunna oru ishtaanusritha power kaarenkilum upayogichu, athu train valikkunna hoost railway locomotteevukale aashrayikkunnath ozhivakkaan.
yukeyilum sweedanilumaayi athivega trainukalaaya aii. sii. 125, x2000 ennivaykku 50 hearts 3-phase power buzz undu.

