kalayile vaikalyam

vaikalyam ulppedunna ulkkollunna sanbradaayangalude vividha kalaa vibhaagangalile oru vashamaan kalayile vaikalyam. chila steju, aadhunika nritha kalaa kambanikalude aouttputtilum dauthyathilum, nirddishta chithrakaaranmaarudeyum varaykkunnavarudeyum srishtikal polulla vyakthigatha kalaasrishtikalude vishayamaayi ithu svayam prakadamaakunnu.
vaikalyathe kendra prameyamaayi kendreekarikkunna kruthikalekkaal, vishayangal, prakadanam allengil kalaasrishti ennivayude srishtiyil vaikalyamulla aalukale ulkkollunna kalaye soochippikkunnathil kalayile vaikalyathe vaikalya kalayil ninnu verthirikkunnu. vaikalya samskaaram valarthunnathiloode oru puthiya samoohathe roopappeduthunnathinulla oru rashtreeya nadapadiyaayi nirmmicha pravartthanatheyum ithu soochippikkaam
vaikalyamulla aalukal chilappol expressive therapy bhaagamaayi kalaparamaaya pravarthanangalil pankedukkunnu ("expressive arts therapy" allengil "creative arts therapy" ennum ariyappedunnu). expressive therapy raitting therapy, music therapy, drama therapy allengil mattoru kalaparamaaya reethi ennivayude roopathilaakaam. sargaathmakathayum kalaparamaaya aavishkaaravum expressive therapy bhaagamaanenkilum, avaa oru chikitsa nettam kaivarikukayenna lakshyathin dvitheeyamaanu. kalaparamaaya nettamaanu praadhamika lakshyamaya kalayile vaikalyathe eee lekhanam vivarikkunnu.
kalaaparipaadikal.
nritham.
shaareerikamaayi samyojithamaaya nritha prasthaanam vaikalyathinte aadya vyakthi anubhavathe amgeekarikkunna vaikalya samskaara prasthaanatthinte bhagamaanu. ithinartham vaikalyam oru medical model nirmmaanamaayittalla, marichu kalaparavum saahityaparavum mattu srishtiparavumaaya maargangaliloode oru saamoohika prathibhasamaayi samyojippichirikkunnu ennaanu.
samgeetham.
itaaliyan oorganaistum samgeethasamvidhaayakanumaaya francesco landini (-1397) madhyakala samgeethathile trento shailiyude kendra vyakthiyaayirunnu, addehathinte andhatha addehathe kalayile vaikalyathinte charithratthile aadyakaala vyakthikalil oralakkunnu.
kelvishakthi poornnamaayum nashtappettathinu sesham classic samgeetham rachikkanulla kazhivinte peril beethovan oormmikkappedunnu. kelvishakthi poornnamaayum illaathaakunnathinu munbu athu upayogikkaan addeham niravadhi vazhikal pareekshichu. pianoforteyude kaalukal nerittu tharayil irikkaanaayi addeham murichumaatti. keyboardinu munnil tharayil kidakkunnathiloode, kalikkumbol vibrationukal anubhavappedukayum athu rachikkaan sahayikkukayum cheythu. adaptive allengil assistive saankethikavidya upayogichu beethovane sahayikkaan vyathyastha sramangal nadatthi. thomas broadwood, straicherukal, konraad graph ennivayellaam piano nirmmaathaakkalaayirunnu, avar beethovanin uchathil upakaranam poruthappeduthunnathinna vyathyastha reethikal pareekshichu shabdaboardil chevi kahalangal gadippichu, piyaanoyude adibhaagathu anuranaa falakangal chertthu, oro thacolinum naalu charadukal upayogichu. beethovanu aathyanthikamayi ellah kelvisakthiyum nashtappettu, rachana sahayikkaan oru upakaranathe aashrayikkaan addehathinu kazhinjilla. thante jeevithathile eee samayathaan beethovan thante onpathaamathe symphany rachichathu.
beljian jaas gitaarist django reinhard oru 20 carren, oru veettilundaaya theepidutthatthil idathu kaii gurutharamaayi kathikkarinjappol, gittaarinte kazhuthil fretboard vaayikkaan rund viralukal maathram upayogichukondu oru mikacha gitaaristtaayirunnu. pollalil ninnu sukham praapichappol, addehathinte sahodaran addehathinu oru puthiya gitaar nalki. swantham physical therapy reethikal rehardt aavishkarichu, viralukal neettaan divasavum parisheelichu. nashtappetta viralukalkk nashtapariharam nalkunnathinaayi addeham puthiya saankethikavidyakalum kandupidichu rehard oru gitaaristaayi thudarnnu, oru recording aarttistaayi lokaprashasthanaayi. reinhardinte srishtiparamaaya saankethikavidyakal jaas gitaar shekharathinte bhaagamaayi maari.
jaas gaayikayaya melody gardottinu saikkil oodikkumbool oru kaar idichathine thudarnnu masthishkathinu aaghaathakaramaaya parikkettu. gardottinte parikk samsaarikkanulla kazhivu ulppede avalude oormmashakthiye durbalapedutthi. sukham praapichukondu aval oru varsham ashupathriyil chelavazhichu. ashupathriyil aayirikkumbol, pallu thechathinushesham oru vaattar tapp adaykkaan ormmikkunnathu polulla lalithamaaya jolikal poortthiyaakkunna prakriya aval veendum padikkendathundu. vaakyangal poortthiyaakkaan vaakkukal ormmikkunnathu gardottine sambandhichidatholam oru velluviliyaayirunnu. neenda vaakyangal oormmikkaanulla kazhivu mechappeduthunnathinulla oru maargamaayi gardot vaakyangal samsaarikkunnathin pakaramaayi paadanamennu oru doctor nirddeshichu. eee reethi thante ormmashakthi mechappeduthiyathaayi gardot kandethi. 2006-ll myspaceil thante samgeethathinte recordingukal cherthukondu gardot oru sangeetha pholoverse nedi. gardot ippol franch, engleesh bhashakalil lokaprashasta recording aarttistaanu, koodaathe lokamembaadum kacherikal nadathunnu. prakadanam nadathumbol avalkk chilappol ormmakkuravu undaakukayum, avalude prakasha-sensitiivu annukal samrakshikkaan gardot sanglaasukal dharikkendivarikayum cheiyunnu. idaykkide vertigo anubhavappedunnathinaal aval oru chooral vahikkunnu.
2011-ll britiish samgeethasamvidhaayakan chaals haslewood britiish paaroristra roopeekarichu, oorkkastrakalil vendathra vaikalyamulla sangeethanjjar illenna thante vishwaasathe prathirodhikkaan poornnamaayum vaidagdhyamulla vaikalyamulla samgeethajnjare ulkkollaan lakshyamidunna oru oorkkastra. oorkkastrayude roopeekaranam oru chaanal 4 dokyumentariyude vishayamaayirunnu, koodaathe landanil nadanna 2012 venalkkaala paaraalimpiksinte samapana chadangilum ithu avatharippichu.
shaareerika vaikalyamulla aalukal abhimukeekarikkunna sangeetha nirmmaanathinulla thadassangal neekkam cheyyuka ennathaanu yukeyil eaka kaii sangeetha upakarana trasttinte lakshyam. athil ingane abhipraayappedunnu "poornnamaayum pravartthikkunna rund kaikalum kaikalum illaathe vaayikkaan kazhiyunna oru oorkkastral upakaranavum nilavil illa, ithu janmana vaikalyamullavarkkum vikalaamgarkkum sangeetha jeevithathil paridhiyillaattha pankaalittham nishedhikkunnu, athupole thanne parikkettavarkkum strock allengil sandhivatham undaayittundaakaavunna dasalakshakkanakkinu aalukalkkum. anuyojyamaaya upakaranangalude abhaavamaan praadhamika thadassam."
kalikkaarante kannukaludeyo thalayudeyo chalanagal niyanthrikkunna oru electronic sangeetha upakaranamaan iharp. motor pravartthanatthil gurutharamaaya vaikalyamulla aalukalkk eee upakaranam samgeetham kelppikkunnathino padanatthino rachanaykko sahaayikkunnathino upayogikkaam.
thiyettar.
aadhunika kaalath, naadakapravartthanangalile vaikalyathe chikilsikkunnathu vaikalyathodulla mukhyadharaa saamoohika manobhaavathile parinaamatthe prathifalippikkunnu. paashchaathya samskaarathil, vaikalyathekkurich orikkal naadakangalil apoorvamaayi maathrame paraamarshichirunnulloo. shakespeareude "richard III" sradheyamaaya apavaadangalil ulppedunnu. richard III-nte kathaapaathrathe "roopabhedam sambhavichathum, nissaaravum" oru "aanti-heero" yude udaaharanamaayi chithreekarikkukayum kalayil vaikalyamulla aalukale villanmaraayi chithreekarikkukayum cheythu. richaardinte shaareerika vaikalyangal addehathinte swabhaavathile adisthaana balaheenathaye pratheekappeduthunnu. ennittum shaareerika soundaryathe vyakthiparamo dhaarmikamo aaya gunangalumayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnathil pothuvaaya thettu undennu shakespeare manassilakki, allengil shaareerikamaaya aakarshanakkurav vyakthiparamaaya kuravukale prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu vipareeta dharanayekkurichu (addeham thante 130-aamm sonattil atharam manobhaavangale aakshepahaasyamaakkunnu). richard III oru sankeernamaaya kathaapaathramaayi chithreekarikkappedunnu, athinte durantham thante dhaarmika balaheenathakale marikadakkunnathinupakaram avaykku keezhadanguka ennathaanu.
bhinnasheshikkaare mukhyadharaa samoohathil samyojippikkunnathinulla vishalamaaya pothu sveekaaryathayodoppam bhinnasheshikkaare naadakatthil ulppeduthunnathu vikasichu. franch naadaka nadi saaraa bernhard 71-aamm vayassil call murichumaattappettpol thanne prashasthayaayirunnu. avar thante abhinayajeevitham thudarnnu. bernhard thante krithrima kaikaalukal ishtappedaathe oru sedan kasera upayogikkaan theerumaanichu.
vaikalyamullavarkkayi naadakatthil vaadikkal, pariseelanam, nirmmaanam ennivayil pravarthicha newyork nagaram aasthaanamaayulla oru repertory thiyettar kambaniyaayirunnu naashanal thiyettar workshop oof dhii handicaped (enn. tii. dablyu. echu). 1977ll sthaapithamaayappol ithu praadhamikamaayi shaareerika vaikalyamulla kalakaaranmaareyum naadakakrithukkaleyum ulkkollunnathaayirunnu. parikketta yodhaakkalkkaayulla raittezhs prograam polulla padhathikalkku enn. tii. dablyu. echu melnottam vahichu, ithu yudhathinte maanasikavum vaikaarikavum aathmeeyavumaaya anubavangal paryavekshanam cheiyunnathinulla yudhaveeranmaarkkulla oru chikitsa, kalaparamaaya paripaadiyaayi pravarthichu. 1974 ll sthaapithamaaya prashastha peeppil players, kaanadayile torrento aasthaanamaayulla oru touring black laitt thiyettar kambaniyaanu, athu vaikalyamulla aalukale kalakaaranmaaraayum jeevanakkaraayum niyamikkunnu.
20-aamm noottaandile chila sradheyamaaya naadakangal vaikalyathe nerittu kaikaaryam cheythittundu. american naadakakrithaaya tennessi vilyams naayikamaarumaayi niravadhi naadakangal ezhuthiyittundu, avar schisophrenia baadhicha thante sahodari rossil ninnu bhaagikamaayi prachodanam ulkkondavarum pinneedu oru yuvaavaayirikkumbol lobotamy moolam gurutharamaayi vaikalyamullavarumaayirunnu. glass menajariyile" lora, "" aagraham enna peril oru street kaarile "blanche dubois, 1959-ll vilyams ezhuthiya" pettennu, kazhinja venalkkaalath "enna chithrathinaayi thirakkatha ezhuthiya catherine enniva maanasikarogavumayulla rosinte pooraattatthe prathifalippikkunna kathapaathrangalil ulppedunnu. vilyamsinte naadakangalil atharam sthreekale avarude rogathinte falamaayi durantham anubhavikkunnavarayi kaanunnu.
1969ll broadwayil arangettam kuricha leonard gersheyude "butterflies aarr free" enna chithram 1972ll oru sinimayaakki. naadakatthinteyum chalachithra pathippileyum andharallaatha abhinethaakkalaanu pradhana kathaapaathrathe avatharippichathu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, maarkk medoff ezhuthukayum 1980ll arangettam kurikkukayum cheytha "cheria daivathinte kuttikal" enna naadakatthil badhirayaya oru kathaapaathrathinte pradhana kathaapaathrathe avatharippikkunna oru badhira nadi ulppedunnu. ulppedunnu chalachithra pathippil ithu thudarnnu; badhirayaya marley maatlin mikacha nadikkulla akkadami award nedi. koodaathe, 2015ll broadwayil arangettam kuricha badhira vestt nirmmicha "spring awakening" enna naadakatthil badhiraraya abhinethaakkalude oru valia taranira undaayirunnu. american aamgyabhaasha upayogichu avatharippikkunna kelvishaktharum badhirarumaya abhinethaakkale eee naadakatthil ulppeduthiyirunnu.
2019ll, "oklahoma!" enna chithratthinte punarujjeevanathil adoo aanii enna kathaapaathrathe avatharippichathinu oru samgeethathile mikacha feature cheytha nadikkulla tonny award nediya aadyathe wheelchair upayogikkunna nadiyaayi alii strocker maari.".
appothede.
spaastik diplejiya cerebral palsy baadhicha professional nadanaaya gregg mosgala srishticha newyork nagaratthile oru thiyettar. dhaa rools oof chaarity" enna naadakatthil ninnaan thiyettar kambaniyude peru vannath, avide joonn belluso purathana greasile appothettaye paraamarshichu, muthirnnavar valare cherutho vaikalyamullatho aanennu kandethiya shishukkale exposure moolam marikkaan vittirunnu. eee padatthinte ardham "exposure cheiyunna sthalam" ennaanu, koodaathe thiyettar kambani charithrathiludaneelam vaikalyamullavarude anubhavam thurannukaattaan lakshyamidunnu. apothetta "vaikalyamullavarude anubhavathil" shradha kendreekarikkukayum maanasikavum shaareerikavumaaya vaikalyangalulla abhinethaakkalumaayi kazhivulla shaareerika abhinethaakkale samyojippikkukayum cheiyunnu. cheiyunnu oru sinimaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla "penaltti" aayirunnu avarude aadyathe valia nirmmaanam.
blue apple thiyettar.
englandile winchester aasthaanamaayulla oru naadaka kambaniyaanu blue apple thiyettar. boudhika vaikalyamulla abhinethaakkale mukhyadharaa vedikalil ulppeduthunnathinu thudakkamidunnathinaayi 2005 ll jaine jesopanu ithu sthaapichathu. 2012 meyy maasathil aarr neela apple abhinethaakkal englandinte thekk bhaagathulla vilyam shakespeareude "kugramam" punarchinthanam cheythukondu charithram srishtichu. daun syndrome ulla aadya abhinethaakkalaayirunnu avar. tommy jessopaanu taittil roll avatharippichathu.
gray thiyettar kambani.
shaareerikavum indriyaparavumaaya vaikalyangalulla kalakaaranmaarum maanejarmaarum ulkkollunna oru britiish samghadanayaanu gray thiyettar kambani. 1980 ll nabeel shaban richard tomlinson chernnu sthaapicha ithinu greak puraanatthile greyude peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath. 1981ll hamshareile aldershottile oru arts sentaraaya vestt end sentar kambanikku 18 maasathekku oru oafees, rihezhsal sthalam, soukaryangal enniva vaagdaanam cheythu.
nikkooyude spoon thiyettar kambani.
newyork nagaratthile oru inclusion ooriyantad oof-oof-broadway thiyettar kambaniyaanu niques spoon.
famali thiyettar kambani.
1989ll colladoyile denverile boatcher skoolile muun vidyaarthikalude oru samgham, bhinnasheshikkaarkk thiyettar avasarangalude abhaavathil niraashappett svanthamaayi oru kambani sthaapikkaan theerumaanichappol roopeekaricha oru thiyettar group touring kambaniyumaanu famali thiyettar kambani (munbu shaareerika vaikalyamulla abhinethaakkalum sangeetha kalakaaranmaarude leagum). denver perfoming arts complexilum arora phoox thiyettarilum famali prakadanam nadathunnu. kambaniyude seasonil vividha touring, vidyaabhyaasa shokalum ulppedunnu.
thiyettar thadassangal marikadakkunnu.
newyork nagaratthile professional abhinethaakkal, ezhuthukaar, vaikalyamulla samvidaayakar ennivarude pravartthanangal munnott kondupokunnathinaayi samarppichirikkunna oru oof-broadway, ellaam ulkkollunna thiyettar kambaniyaanu thiyettar breaking throo baariyers (tii. bii. tii. bii-munbu andhar thiyettar). 1979ll aikki shambelan sthaapicha tii. bii. tii. bii andharkkaayi naadakangal record cheyyaan niyogicha kaazhchayulla abhinethaakkalude oru kambaniyaayi aarambhichu. 1982-ll thiyettar samyojippikkukayum pradarshanangal srishtikkaan thudangukayum cheythu, avaa andharum kaazhchayillaathavarum kazhchayullavarumaaya kalakaaranmaare samyojippichu. 1985 aayappozhekkum andharum kaazhchayillaathavarumaaya prekshakarkkaayi andharum kaazhchayillaathavarumaaya abhinethaakkalude samyojitha abhinethaakkale ulkkollunna muzhuvan steju nirmmaanangalum nirmmikkaan samgham thudangi. 2008-ll, vaikalyamulla ellah kalakaaranmaareyum ulppeduthunnathinulla avarude dauthyam tii. bii. tii. bii vipuleekarikkukayum vipuleekaranathe prathifalippikkunnathina thadassangal marikadannu avarude peru tii. bii. tii. bii-thiyettar bye dhaa blind-ll ninnu tii. bii. tii. bii-thiyettar ennu audyogikamaayi maattukayum cheythu.
sinima.
chalachithra nirmmathaakkalkkum prekshakarkkum orupole, screenil bhinnasheshikkaarkkaayi oru parayappedaattha abhyarthanayundu. prathyeka grouppukalekkurichulla samoohathinte kaazhchappaadukal roopappeduthunnathil sinimakalkku swaadheenamundu. vaikalyamulla sinimakale sambandhichidatholam, eee kaazhchappaadukalum steeriodaippukalum paashchaathya samskaarathile saamoohika sthaapanangalil ninnum maanadandangalil ninnum eduthathaanu. vaikalyam ulppede sinimaykku munbulla niravadhi swaadheenamulla rachanakal
eee udaaharanagal mukhyadharaa samskaarathilum sinimayilum vaikalyam enna vishayam aavarthichu soochippikkunnu, athu vyaapakavum palappozhum avaganikkappedunnathumaanu. oru sidhaantham anusarichu sinima kaanunnavar vaikalyamulla sinimakal kaanunnath maanasikamaayi vishadeekarikkunnu. sigmund froyidinte 1919 leeii lekhanam "ankaani" yill, vandhyathayekkurichulla bhayam castration uthkandaykkum maanadandatthil ninnu vyathichalikkunathinum pakaramaanennu addeham aaropikkunnu.
vaikalyamulla sinimayil saadhaaranayaayi oru prathyeka sandeshamo kazhchappado ashayavinimayam nadatthaan uddeshichulla reethiyil oru vaikalyathe allengil mattonnine thithreekarikkunnathu ulppedunnu. pala sinimakalum ulcherkkalinteyum avabodhathinteyum oru bodham srishtikkaan shramikkunnu, athuvazhi vaikalyavumayi bandhapetta prathyakshamaaya saamoohika kalankam illaathaakkunnu. vaikalyathe chuttipattiyulla charchakalkkum mattu tharatthilulla edapazhakalukalkkum kaaranamaakaanaanu pala sinimakalum lakshyamidunnathu.
vaikalya chalachithrothsavangalil palappozhum valia thothil swatantra vaikalyamulla sinimakal pradarshippikkaarundu. udaaharanathinu, vividha vaikalyangalulla aalukalude jeevithathekkurichum kathakalekkurichum kalaparamaaya aavishkarangalekkurichum "abhinandanavum avabodhavum" prothsaahippikkunna vaikalya prashnangalekkurichulla sinimakal pradarshippikkunna yunaittad stetsile oru vaarshika chalachithrolsavamaanu relabilities."nammude pankitta manushyaanubhavatthinte vaividhyam paryavekshanam cheyyaanum charcha cheyyaanum sweekarikkaanum aaghoshikkaanum nammude samoohathe orumichu konduvaraan avar lakshyamidunnu."
sinimayile vaikalyam thaarathamyena sameepakaala prathibhaasamaan; hollywood "akalam paalichukondu, andhatha, badhiratha, vivekapoornamaaya maanasika rogangal thudangiya avasthakalkku anukoolamaayi, avaa vaikalyathinte baahya lakshanangalonnum prakadippikkunnilla, ennirunnaalum sundarikalaaya wheelchair upayokthaakkal sveekaaryamaanennu thelinjittundu."pandithanaaya david tii. eathaandu muppath varsham munbu "manushyathvarahithamaaya praathinidhyangalude (raakshasan, vichithran, bhraanthan, niraparaadhikal, unmaadam, yaachakan) anantharafalangalekkurichulla aashankayude punarujjeevanam vaikalyathekurichulla praathinidhya padanangalude aathyanthika upayogathekkurichu samshayathinu kaaranamaayi."pothumekhalayile vividha vaikalyangalekkurichulla saamoohika daaranayil maattam varuthunnathilekkulla maattathekkurichum michel charcha cheiyunnu.
nishabda sinimayude kaalam muthal vaikalyam sinimayil chithreekarikkappedunnu. vaikalyam oru pradhana ithivritha gadakamaayirikkaam allengil thirakkadhayude bhaagamaayi mattoru vidhathil kaaryamaaya sambhavana nalkaam. vaikalyamulla yudhaveeranmaarude anubavangal palappozhum vaikalyathe kaikaaryam cheiyunna aadyakaala sinimakalude adisthaanamaayirunnu. "britiish ezhuthukaaranaaya rudyard kiplinginte janapriya cherukathayaaya "parajayappetta prakasham" 1916,1923,1939 varshangalil chithreekarikkappettu. kramena kazhcha nashtappedunna oru muthirnna naayakan, vaikalyamulla muthirnnavare daarunamaaya irakalaayi chithreekarikkunna niravadhi sinimakalude oru maathrkayaayi maari. maarlon brando abhinayicha "dhii menn" (1950), dalton trumpo samvidaanam cheytha "johnny gettu hiss gann" (1971) enniva eee maathrkayilulla sinimakalil ulppedunnu. mattu aadyakaala sinimakal vaikalyamulla sainikare "kuleena yodhaakkalaayi" chithreekarikkunna reethi sthaapichu, shaareerika vaikalyatheyum samoohathinte daaranayillaaymayeyum avar naattilekku madangiyethumbol neridukayum marikadakkukayum cheythu. muppath second ovar tokkiyo" (1944), "sins yuu goo eiii way" (1944), "njangalude jeevithathile ettavum mikacha varshangal" (1945) enniva chila udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. "nammude jeevithathile ettavum mikacha varshangal" yudhathil vaikalyamulla niravadhi muun sainikarude katha parayunnu, thudarnnu swantham kayperiya avasthayeyum vaikalyamulla purushanmaraayi samoohathilekku veendum samyojippikkunnathinulla velluviliyeyum neridaan veettilekku madangunnu. oru pariseelana apakadatthil rund kaikalum nashtappetta yadhaartha jeevithathile muthirnna thaaramaya harold rassaline abhinayikkaanulla theerumaanathe chalachithra vyavasaayathile chila amgangal ethirthu, athu "mosham abhiruchiyilaanu" ennu paranju. ennirunnaalum, eee chithram prekshakarkkidayil janapriyamaayirunnu, mikacha sahanadanulla akkadami award 'sahathaarangalkk pratheekshayum dhairyavum konduvannathinu' oru prathyeka ooskaarum russellinu labhichu.
vaikalyamulla sthreekalude aadyakaala chithreekaranam apoorvvamaayi maathrame niraparadhiyum abhayam praapichathumaaya oru yuvathiyude prathichaayayil ninnu vyathichalichirunnulloo. charley chaaplinte 'sitti laitts' (1931) polulla sookshumamaaya oru chithram polum eee maathruka pinthudarunnu. thaan pranayathilaakunna oru andhayaya pookkalulla penkuttiye sahayikkaanulla cheria trampinte shramangalude kathayaanu eee chithram parayunnath. andhanaya oraalude kaazhchappaad edukkaanum mattullavarodu avarude munvidhikalkkappuram roopakamaayi "kaananum" sinimayude avasaanathil prekshakare velluvilikkunnathil eee chithram samoolamaayirunnu. oru niraparadhiyaaya badhirayaya yuvathikale balaalsangam cheyyukayum thudarnnu oru kolapaathakashramatthil ninnu svayam prathirodhikkukayum cheiyunna "johnny bellinda" (1948) enna melodrama, oru saadhaarana "bhagyavathiyum dheeranumaaya nayakanennathilappuram pradhana kathaapaathrathin aazham nalkunnilla. ennirunnaalum, aadyamaayi mukhyadharaa chalachithra prekshakarkku aamgyabhaasha athikkunnathilum vaikalyamulla oru sthriye pradhana kathaapaathramaakki maattunnathilum prathikoola saahacharyangale marikadakkaan avare anuvadikkunnathilum eee chithram shradheyamaayirunnu. "oru cheria daivathinte kuttikal" (1986) vaikalyamulla niraparadhiyaaya yuvathiyude stereotype thakarthu. saara enna kathaapaathram swathanthravum sakthamaaya ichhaashakthiyullathum palappozhum swantham thalpparyangal thirichariyunnathil paraajayappedunnathumaanu. marley maatlin mikacha nadikkulla akkadami award nedi, vaikalyamulla oraale chithreekarikkunna uyarnna nilavaaramulla chalachithra veshangalil vaikalyamillaatha abhinethaakkal maathrame prathyakshappedukayulloo enna pothu niyamathinu apavaadamaayirunnu.
40 vayassinu mukalilulla bhinnasheshikkaraaya abhinethaakkal avarude cheruppakkaare apekshichu sinimakalile veshangalkkaayi thiranjedukkappedaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. oraalkk praayamaakumbol sinimayile vaikalyathekurichulla dhaarana kooduthal sveekaaryamaakumennu ithu soochippikkunnu.
thirakkatha.
2009-leeii sayans fiction chithramaaya "avathaarathil", paraplegic naayakan (saam worthington) poornnamaayum chalanathmakamaaya manushya-anyagraha sankarayinam (avatharam) enna nilayil oru puthiya swaathanthryam anubavikkunnu.
black rokkile mosham divasam" enna chithratthil oru vaikalyamulla yudhaveeranaayi spensor tracey abhinayikkunnu. eathaandu marubhoomiyilulla karutha paarayude kugramathil avan trainil ninnu erangunnu. naalu varshathinide ithaadyamaayaanu train avide nirthunnathu. bakkiyulla nivaasikal utharavaadithamillaatha sathruthayullavaraanu, ennaal oru pooraattatthil vijayikkaan ningalkk oru nalla kaii maathrame aavashyamulloo ennu tracey theliyikkunnu.
yugam anusarichu sinima.
1930 muthal 1940 muthal 1970 vare, 1970-nuu sheshamulla nisshabda chalachithram enningane moonnu kaalaghattangalaayi chalachithratthile vaikalyathe tharamthirikkaam.
tharamthirikkaam nishabda sinimakal.
1898-ll thomas edison samvidaanam cheytha 'vyaja yaachakan' aanu aadyathe vaikalyachithrangalilonn. ambathu second dairkhyamulla eee hraswachithram andhanayi prathyakshappedukayum oduvil police pidikoodukayum cheiyunna oru vyaja yaachakanekkurichaan.
vaikalyamullavarude aadyakaala chithreekaranangalil criminal pravartthanangalum vichitramaaya paripaadikalum ulppettirunnu. eee kaalaghattatthil, shaasthranjar aalukalude asaadhaaranathakal yukthisahamakkaanum pattikappedutthaanum shramichu, udaaharanathinu 1620-ll francis bekkan 1830-kalil jiophroy seyint-hillayer kaattalog yaadhaarthyamaakkaan shramichu. koodaathe, criminal naravamshashaasthranjanaaya siser lombroso, shareeravum manasse thammilulla nerittulla parasparabandham degenerasy adayaalamaayi varachu. eee ashayam vikalaamgaraaya kuttavaalikalil oralaaya oru saadhaarana tropylake viral choondunnu. koodaathe, eee aadyakaala sinimakal akkaalathe amgeekritha eugenics ashayavumaayi poruthappettu, vaikalyathinte medical modalilekku valareyadhikam chaayunnu.
1940 muthal 1970 vare.
vaikalyamulla sinimakalude eee kaalaghattatthe yudhaananthara sinimakalaayi visheshippikkaam. veelcheyaril irikkunna vaikalyamulla madyapaaniyaaya muun sainikante troop kadannupoyi. randaam lokamahaayudhavum vietnaam yudhavum parasyamaayi manassilakkukayum vyathyasthamayi prathikarikkukayum cheythathinaal athath yudhangalil ninnulla bhinnasheshikkaarude praathinidyangalum vyathyasthamaayirunnu. munbu american samskaaravum moolyangalum uyarthippidicha aakshan sinimakal vietnaam yudhathinte falamaayi cheyyaathathinaal 1970-kalil poost trometic stress oru aavarthichulla prameyamaanu.
prameyamaanu sesham.
samakaalika sinimakal vaikalyamullavare kooduthal sookshumavum maanushikavumaya reethiyil chithreekarikkaan sramichittundu. oru prathyeka prasthaanamaaya dogme 95 studiyo sinimayude staanderd aakhyaanangal, soundaryashaasthram, nirmmanangal enniva maattaan shramichu.
sradheyamaaya udaaharanangal
maadyama kambanikal.
chila vishwal media kambanikal vaikalyam ulppedunna prasnangalil prathyeka shradha kendreekarikkunnu. chila udaaharanagal pinthudarunnu.
vishwal arts.
bhinnasheshikkaraaya kalakaaranmaar.
avarude sargaathmakatha poornnamaayum prayogikkunnathil ninnu thadayunna velluvilikale marikadakkaan vardhichuvarunna kalakaaranmaare adaptive saankethikavidya sahayikkunnu. digital graphics digital paintingukalum srishtikkaan upayokthaakkale anuvadikkunna vaii remot polulla upakaranangal upayogichu mobility vaikalyangal marikadakkaan kazhiyum. niyantritha kaazhchayulla kalakaaranmaare computer saankethikavidyaykku sahayikkaanum kazhiyum.
maadyamangalil adaptive allengil assistive saankethikavidyayude srishtiparamaaya upayogam kazhcha vaikalyamullavarkk vishwal arts aaswadikkaanulla vazhikal nalkum. kazhcha vaikalyamundengilum illengilum sandarshakarkku oru vivaradaayaka vivaranam nalkunnathinaayi chila myoosiyangalilum gaalarikalilum mattu saamskaarika sthaapanangalilum sandarshakarkku audiyo upakaranangal labhyamaakkiyittund. kaazhchayillaattha prekshakarkkaayi naadakam, sinima, television ennivaykkulla audiyo vivaranam sambhaashanangalkkidayil aavashyamaaya vivaranam nalkunnu.
kalakarante srishtiparamaaya kaazhchappaad nadappilakkaan studiyo asisttantumaare upayogichu bhinnasheshikkaraaya kalaakaaranmaarkk kalayil earppedaanulla oru maarggam koodiyaanu ashayakala. niravadhi bhinnasheshikkaraaya kalakaaranmaar eee mekhalayil vijayam nediya nilavile kalaparipadiyil ithu prachaaratthilundu.
vaikalyathinte velluvilikalkkidayilum niravadhi prashastha vishwal aarttistukal professionalaayi pravarthichittundu. chilath ulppedunnu
saahityam.
saahithyathinte ettavum pazhaya roopamaaya vaakkalulla saahityam badhirarko kelvi vaikalyamullavarkko (avarude vaayikkanulla kazhivine aashrayich) ulppede arcum aaswadikkaan kazhiyum, koodaathe vaakkalulla kazhivukal maathramaan kathaparachilinu thadassamaakunnathu. odeesi", "iliad" ennee ithihaasangalude purathana greak rachayithavaaya hommer andhanaayirunnuvenn vishwasikkappedunnu. 15,000-ladhikam varikalum (iliad) 12,000 varikalum (odeesi) adangiya addehathinte classic srishtikal rachikkunnathinum mattullavarkkayi paarayanam cheiyunnathinumulla velluvili eee vaikalyam thadassappeduthiyilla. iliad" thanne 24 "pusthakangalayi thirichirikkunnu, oronnum paarayanam cheyyaan ekadesham oru manikkoor edukkum. vaakkalulla kathaparachilinte paarambaryavum padyakathakal oormmippikkukayum veendum parayukayum cheiyunna kooduthal eluppavum pathinezhaam noottaandile engleesh ithihaasamaaya "parudeesa loost" enna kavita rachikkaan joonn miltone sahayichu. milton kramena thante kaazhchashakthiyude bhooribhaagavum nashtappedukayum "nashtappetta parudeesa" prasidheekaranathinaayi ezhuthiya sannadharaaya sahaayikalkk nalkukayum cheythu (amanvensis ennu vilikkunna oru prakriya).
aadhunika paashchaathya samskaarathile vaakkalulla kathaparachilil ninnu ezhuthappettathum achadichathumaaya padatthilekkulla maattam kazhcha vaikalyamullavarkk oru thadassam srishtichu. sahaaya saankethikavidyayude upayogamillaathe gadyarachana svayam edittucheyyalum palappozhum asaadyamaanu. kazhcha vaikalyamullavarkkayi vikasippichedutha screen readerukal ennu vilikkunna software, iii-bukkukalo websaittukalo polulla digital printed metteeriyalukal upayokthaav thiranjedukkunna shabdam vaayikkaan upayokthaakkale praptharaakkunnu. oru computer upayogichu type cheyyaanum edittu cheyyaanum brail keyboardukal upayokthaakkale praptharaakkunnu. saaksharathaye durbalappeduthunna dyslexia polulla patana vaikalyamulla upayokthaakkale computerukal upayogichu kooduthal eluppathil vaayikkanum ezhuthaanum sahaayikkunnathin assistive saankethikavidyayum labhyamaan.
vaikalyam oru prameyamaayi ulkkollunna saahityam sameepa dashakangalil kooduthal saadhaaranamaayitheernniriknu. noonn-fictionil, oormmakkurippukal vaikalyamulla aalukalude anubhavangalekkurichu mukhyadharaa avabodham valarthi. chitrakaaranum ezhuthukaaranumaaya kristti braun ezhuthiya "mye lephtt phoott" aanu sameepakaalathe sradheyamaaya aadya vyakthi vivaranagal. 1954 ll aadyamaayi prasidheekaricha eee pusthakam irelandile addehathinte valarcha, kadinamaaya cerebral palsy moolamundaaya velluvilikal, addehathinte aadyakaala currier ennivayekkurichu vivarikkunnu. 1989ll oru janapriya chithramaayi nirmmicha eee chithrathinu danielle day-luis mikacha nadanulla akkadami award nedi. american ezhuthukaaranaaya jiim nipfel "slackjo" (1999) enna oormmakkurippiloode thamashayum aadaravumillaathathumaaya oru sameepanam sweekarichu, athil rettinaitis pigmentosa moolam kazhcha nashtappettathu amgeekarikkunnathinulla thante poraattangal addeham vishadeekarikkunnu.
"dhaa ship huu saang" ennathu sayans fiction ezhuthukaariyaaya aan mcafreyude brainship helvayekkurichulla kadhakalude samaahaaramaan. valarekkalam kazhiyumbol, gurutharamaaya shaareerika vaikalyangalulla kochukuttikale oru life support shellil vaykkaanum oru "saadhaarana" manushyan ettedukkaan kazhiyaatha jolikalkkaayi prathyeka pariseelanam nalkaanum kazhiyum. paadiya kappal" ennu visheshippicha mccafrey, oru aadyakaala kruthiyaaya thaan ezhuthiya ettavum mikacha kathayaayi oru divasam svayam chodichu "kadinamaayi vaikalyamulla aalukalkk starshippukalaakaan avasaram nalkiyaal enthucheyyum?"
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu yuddha vyavasaayathin bhinnasheshikkaar nalkia palappozhum avaganikkappedunna sambhavanakalekkurichu "naalu swaathanthryangal" enna charitra noval kaikaaryam cheiyunnu.
kalayudeyum saamskaarika soukaryangaludeyum paripaadikaludeyum labhyatha.
pothujanasevanatthinte oru gadakamaanu kalaa samghadanakal avaganichekkaavunna labhyatha. vaikalyamulla prekshaka amgangale allengil pankaalikale ulppeduthunnathinulla oru maarggam saarvathrika roopakalppana nalkunnu. saamskaarika soukaryangalum kalaa samghadanakalum kanakkiledukkaavunna chila praveshana gadakangalil iva ulppedunnu
vaikalyamulla aalukal ulppedunna valia prekshakarkku parambaraagatha kalakalum saamskaarika paripaadikalum labhyamakkaanulla oru noothana maargamaan adaptive allengil axus cheyyaavunna saankethikavidya. udaaharanathinu, thalsamaya allengil munkootty record cheytha adikkurippukaliloode audiyo prograamukalilekku cherkkaan kazhiyum. upasheershakam, prakshepana paripaadikalkkulla audiyo vivaranam, dvd, mattu hoome entertainment, internettu projaktukal enniva kalaa vedikalum grouppukalum vaikalyamullavar abhimukeekarikkunna thadassangal neekkam cheyyaanulla chila vazhikalaanu.
kalaykkulla praveshana samghadanakal.
america.
kalayilum saamskaarika paripaadikalilum bhinnasheshikkaarude pankaalitthatthe pinthunaykkunna niravadhi sarkkar samrambhangalund. mikkavarum yuu.ezz. samsthaana sarkkarukal avarude samsthaana arts ejansiyumaayo praadeshika kalaa samghadanayumaayo oru accessibility kordinettare ulppeduthunnu. ulkkollunna kalaykkum samskarathinumulla samrambhangale pinthunaykkunna vividha sarkkarithara samghadanakalum (enn. jii. oo.) laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna grouppukalum undu.

