hukka

hukka (hindastaniah <unk>, <unk>, mattu perukalum kaanuka), shisha allengil whaterpipe ennathu pukayila, sugandhamulla pukayila (palappozhum "muwazel"), allengil chilappol kanjaavu, hashish, karupp enniva choodaakkunnathino baashpeekarikkunnathino ulla orotta allengil multy-stem upakaranamaan. puka shwasikkunnathinu munbu oru jala thadatthiloode-palappozhum glass adisthaanamaakkiyulla-kadannupokunnu.
hukkayiloode pukayila pukavali, kanjaavu, karupp, mattu marunnukal ennivayude pradhana aarogya apakadasaadhyathakalil visha rasavasthukkal, carsinogenukal, vellam filter cheyyaatha kanatha lohangal ennivaykku vidheyamaakuka, koodaathe pakarchavyaadhikalum rogakarikalaaya baakteeriyakalum pakarunnathumayi bandhappettava ulppedunnu. hukkayudeyum whaterpipeinteyum upayogam aagola pothujanaarogya aashankayaan, middle eesttileyum vadakke aafrikkayileyum janasamkhyayilum america, europe, madhyeshya, dakshineshya ennividangalile yuvaakkalilum uyarnna nirakkilulla upayogamundu.
mugal indian kaalaghattatthil indian nagaramaya fatehpur sikriyil akbarile pershyan vaidyanaaya abul-fath gilaniyanu hukka allengil whaterpipe kandupidichathu; hukka indian upabhookhandathil ninnu pershyayilekku vyaapichu, avide aadyam eee samvidaanam athinte nilavile roopathilekku parishkkarichu, thudarnnu kizhakode. pakaramaayi, pershyayile safavid raajavamshathil ninnu uthbhavichirikkam, avide ninnu athu oduvil indian upabhookhandathilekku vyaapichu.
hukka aadyamaayi roopeekarichappol pukayilayum mayakkumarunnum upayogikkunnathu nishidhamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnum, athinte upayogam prabhukkanmarkkidayil kooduthal janapriyamaakukayum pinneedu vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappedukayum cheythu. kramena, kathicha pukayilaykku pakaram saadhaaranayaayi baashpeekarikkunna sugandhamulla shishayaan upayogikkunnathu. ippozhum yadhaartha hukka palappozhum grameena dakshineshyayil upayogikkunnu, ithu "tumbak" (ruchiyillaatha pukayila elakalude shudhavum parukkan roopavum) upayogikkukayum curry upayogichu nerittu kathichu pukavalikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee reethi pukayilayudeyum nikkottinteyum alavu valare uyarnnathaanengilum, ithu baashpeekarikkunna hukkakale apekshichu kooduthal prathikoola aarogya prathyaaghaathangal undaakkunnu.
arabic uthbhavamulla (hookah, pettikal, kuppi, vaattar pipe ennivayil ninnu uruthirinja) hindusthaani padamaaya hukkayil ninnaan hukka enna vaakk uruthirinjathu. janmadeshathinu purathu, hukka pukavali lokamembaadum, prathyekichu yuvaakkalkkidayil janapreeti nediyittundu.
perukalum padavyuthpathiyum.
indian upabhookhandathil, hindusthaani padamaaya "hookah" (devanagari hookah, nasthaleekha) upayogikkunnu, ithu "hookah" enna engleesh padatthinte uthbhavamaan. engleesh bhashayil indian padamaaya "hukka" yude vyapakamaaya upayogam britiish indiayile kolanivalkkaranatthinte falamaanu (1858-1947), dhaaraalam pravasi britishukaar aadyamaayi jala pipe sample cheythappol. 1775ll indiayile kalkattayil ethiya taamasiyaathe vilyam hicky thante "ormmakkurippukalil" ezhuthi
lebanon, syria, palasteen, jordan, usbekistan, kuvaitt, iraakh ennividangalil ettavum saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna peraanu arabic arjilat ('arjilah), athesamayam israelil ettavum saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna peraanu nargilah (,). naalikeram ennartham varunna samskritha padamaaya 'naarikela' () ll ninnaan ithu uruthirinjathu, ithu aadyakaala hukkakal thengayude shellukalil ninnaan kothiyeduthathennu soochippikkunnu.
serbia, bosnia, hersegovina, north macedonia, grease, turkey, bulgaria, (na [r] gile) allengil (na [r] gila) enniva paippine soochippikkaan upayogikkunnu, athesamayam pershyan bhashayil "сиса" (сиса) ennathu glass kuppi ennartham varunna сисе (сисе) yeei soochippikkunnu. avideyulla paippukalkk palappozhum onno rando vaaya kashanagal undaakum. pukayilayude murivukal sugandhamulla pala panchasaarayil maarinettu cheythukondu srishtikkunna sugandhamulla pukayila vellathinu mukalil vaykkukayum thulachukayariya foyil kondu moodukayum choodulla kalkari mukalil vaykkukayum puka thanutha vellathiloode valichedukkukayum cheiyunnu. albaniayil hookah "lula" allengil "lulava" ennu vilikkunnu. romaniyayil ithine "nargilia" ennu vilikkunnu.
"speyinile morocan kudiyettakkaar "shisha" ennathinoppam "kachimba" yum upayogikkunnundengil paippine soochippikkaan speyinile saadhaarana padamaanu "narguyil". narguyile" enna vaakk porchugeesukaarilaanu upayogikkunnathu. "chichaykkoppam" "narguyile" "enna wack franch bhashayil upayogikkunnu".
arabic shishat (сиса), ottomaan turkish padamaaya shishe (сисе) vazhi, pershyan shishe (сисе) ennathil ninnu nerittu kadamedutha padamaaya "glass container" ennartham varunna, eejipt, sudan, arab upadveep (kuvaitt, bahrain, khatthar, omaan, yuu. eiii. iii, yeman, soudi arebia ennivayulppede), aljiriya, tunisia thudangiya mattu arab loka pradeshangalile hukkayude saadhaarana padamaanu. morocoyilum somalia ithu upayogikkunnu. yemanile madaat ("madaa") enna arabi padavum shudhamaaya pukayila upayogikkunna paippukalkkaanu upayogikkunnathu.
pershyayil hookah "kalyaan" () ennu vilikkunnu. pukayilayekkurichulla aadyakaala europian samahaaramaaya johann niander ezhuthukayum 1622-ll duchill prasidheekarikkukayum cheytha "tobacologia" yill pershyan kalyan ulppeduthiyittundu. pathinettaam noottaandile eejiptil ettavum fasionable paippukale annathe pershyan bharanaadhikaariyude peril "karim khaan" ennu vilichathupole kaalakramena jala paippukal pershyan ardham nediyathaayi thonnunnu. azarbaijan, ukraine, russia, litwania, bellarus ennividangalilum eee peru upayogikkunnu.
usbekkistaanilum afgaanisthaanilum hukka ennaanu vilikkunnathu.
kashmeeril hookah "jajeer" ennu vilikkunnu.
maaladveepil hookah "guduguda" ennu vilikkunnu.
jarmmani, austriya, swittsarland ennividangalil hookah "shisha" ennu vilikkunnu.
philippeensil hookah "hitboo" ennu vilikkunnu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi sugandhamulla marijuwana pukavalikkaan upayogikkunnu.
hukka pipe yukeyil "maara pipe" ennum ariyappedunnu, prathyekichu vadakkukizhakkan samsthaanangalil, vinoda aavasyangalkkaayi ithu upayogikkunnu.
dakshineshyayile mattoru bhashayaaya sindhiyil ithine "hukko" (/) ennu vilikkunnu.
viyatnaamil hookah hukka shisha ennum (biinn shisha) shisha shisha pukayila ennum (thuk shisha) vilikkunnu.
charithram.
indian nagaramaya fatehpur sikriyil, raajyathinte thekkan bhaagath ninnu ethiya yeshuvinte samoohathile roman catholica missionarymar mugal chakravarthiyaaya akbarinu pukayila avatharippichu. akbarinte vaidyanaaya huckim abul futteh gilani indiayil hukka kandupidichathayi luis rooslett ezhuthunnu.
ennirunnaalum, ahli shirasiyude oru kwatrain (dii. 1535), oru pershyan kavi, rdalyaante (falsafi, II, p. 277; semser, 1963, peju. 15), angane kuranjathu shhaa tahmash I-nte kaalathuthanne athinte upayogam kanakkakkunnu. athinaal, pershyayil ithinakam upayogikkunna dalyan indiayil avatharippichathinte bahumati abul-fath gilanic nalkanamennu thonnunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1560 vare jala pipe undaayirunnathinu thelivukalonnumilla. koodaathe, pathinezhaam noottaandil pukayila indiayil athiyathaayi vishwasikkappedunnu, athuvare indiayil kanjaavu pukavalichirunnu, athinaal ithu soochippikkunnathu ahli shirasiyude kwaatreyinil mattoru padaartham pukanjirikkaam, orupakshe mattethenkilum reethiyiloode.
pershyayilum indiayilum europian pukayila avatharippichathinethudar pershyayude vadakku pravisyayaaya gilaanil ninnu vanna huckim abul-fath gilani hamarastanilekku kudiyeri. pinneedu addeham mugal kottaaratthil oru doktaraayi maarukayum pukayila valikkunnath indian prabhukkanmarkkidayil janapriyamaayathinethudarnna aarogyaprasnangal unnayikkukayum cheythu. thudarnnu 'shudheekarikkappedunnath' puka vellathiloode kadannupokaan anuvadikkunna oru samvidaanam addeham vibhavanam cheythu. bijapur ambasseder asad baig akbar onnaamane pukavali ettedukkaan prothsaahippichathinu sheshamaan gilani "rdalyan" avatharippichathu. prabhukkanmarkkidayil janapreeti nediyathinetthudarnnu, pukavalikkulla eee puthiya upakaranam taamasiyaathe indian prabhukkanmaarudeyum varenyarudeyum oru padaviyaayi maari.
aadhunika vikasanam.
chembu, pichala, gunanilavaaramillaattha aloykal ennivaykku pakaram nirmmathaakkal stainless steel, aluminium enniva kooduthalaayi upayogikkunnu. silikkan rubber samyukthangal tukalinum vayarinum pakaram hukka hossukalkkaayi upayogikkunnu. puthiya vasthukkal aadhunika hukkakale kooduthal susthiramaakkukayum pukavalikkumbol durgandham illaathaakkukayum naashanashtamo bacteriayude kshayamo undakaathe kazhukaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu. puthiya saankethikavidyakalum aadhunika design pravanathakalum hukkakalude roopathe maattukayaan. uyarnna uthppaadanachelavum parambaraagatha hukka nirmmaana pradeshangalil aadhunika upakaranangalude abhavavum kaaranam aadhunika hukkakalude vyakthamaaya nettangal undaayirunnittum, mikka hukkakalum ippozhum pazhaya saankethikavidyakal upayogichaanu nirmmikkunnath.
samskaaram.
dakshineshya.
india.
hukka enna ashayam madhyakala indiayil ninnaan uthbhavichathenn karuthappedunnu. orikkal sambannarude pravisyayaayirunna ithu prathyekichum mugal bharanakaalathu valareyadhikam janapriyamaayirunnu. athinusesham hukkayude janapreeti kuranjuvarikayaanu; ennirunnaalum, ithu veendum janangalude shradha aakarshikkunnu, koodaathe ithu upabhogayogyamaayi vaagdaanam cheiyunna kafekalum restorantukalum janapriyamaan. indiayil purathana kaalam muthal hukkakalude upayogam oru aacharam mathramalla, anthassinte kaaryavumaayirunnu. sambannarum bhoovudamakalumaaya klaasukal hukkakal valikkum.
parambaraagatha achaarangal anusarichu pala gramangalilum hukkakalil pukayila pukavalikkunnu. pukayila-arippodi pukavali ippol indiayile yuvaakkalkkidayil janapriyamaayikkondirikkayu. pukayila ithara pathippukal ulppede vaividhyamaarnna niravadhi cheyin clubbukal, baarukal, coffey shoppukal enniva indiayil undu. aduthide baamglooril hukka nirodhichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithu vyakthiparamaaya upayogathino samghaditha partykalkko vaangukayo vaadakaykku edukkukayo cheyyaam.
indiayude padinjaaran theerathulla oru cheria malsyabandhana pattanamaya koyilaandi orikkal hukkakal nirmmikkukayum kayattumathi cheyyukayum cheythirunnu. iva malabar hukkakal allengil koyilaandi hukkakal ennariyappedunnu. innu eee sankeernamaaya hukkakal koyilandikk purathu kandethaan prayaasamaan, koyilandikk purathu polum kandethuka budhimuttaanu.
indiayil hukka veendum uyarnnuvannathode, hukka pukavalikkethire, prathyekichu gujaraathil, aduthide niravadhi reydukalum nirodanangalum undaayittund.
pakistan.
parambaraagathamaayi graamapradesangalil thalamurakalayi ithu prachaaratthilundenkilum paakkisthaanile cosmopolitan nagarangalil pukavali hukkakal valare janapriyamaayi. paakkisthaanile niravadhi kafekal athidhikalkku hukka pukavalikkunnath kaanam. pala veedukalilum pukavalikko alankaarathinaayo hukkakal undu.
panchab, pakhthunkhwa, vadakkan baluchistan ennividangalil kalkari sthaapikkunna ettavum mukalilulla bhaagathe "chillam" ennu vilikkunnu.
karachi, lahore thudangiya valia nagarangalil kafekalum restorantukalum hukka vaagdaanam cheyyukayum manikkooril nirakk eedaakkukayum cheythu. 2013ll paakistaan supreme kodathi ithu nirodhichu. kaphe udamakal praayapoorthiyaakaathavarkkavar shisha nalkaan thudangi, ithaanu nirodhanatthinte pradhana kaaranam.
bangladesh.
banglaadeshile, prathyekichu pazhaya bangali musleem jamindar vibhagakkaarkkidayil, oru parambaraagatha pukavali upakaranamaan hukka (). ennirunnaalum, 2000-kalude thudakkathil sugandhamulla shisha avatharippikkappettu. avatharippikkappettu 2008num idayil nagarapradeshangalil hukka lonchukal valare vegathil vyaapikkukayum oru vishrama reethiyaayi yuvakkalkkum madhyavayaskarum idayil janapriyamaakukayum cheythu. anadhikritha mayakkumarunnu upayogam thadayunnathinaayi hukka baarukalkk mail sarkkar nadapadiyedutthathaayi aaropanangalund. aaropanangalund bangladesh pothutheranjeduppil aadyamaayi upayogicha oru sthaanaarthiyude thiranjeduppu chihnam koodiyaanu hukka. moundstwaartt elphinstaninte jeevacharithrathil, jaims akkillas kirkpatrikkinu indian upabhookhandathil undaayirunna kaalath oru "hookah-bardar" (hookah sarvees/reparar) undayirunnathaayi paraamarsikkunnu. kirkpaatrikkinte hukkavasi kirkpaatrikkine kollayadikkukayum vanchikkukayum englandilekku pookukayum "silhattinte rajakumaran" ennu svayam stailish cheyyukayum cheythathayi parayappedunnu. grettu brittanile pradhaanamantri vilyam pitt ilayaal aaa manushyane kaathirikkukayum jorjju moonnaamante munnil svayam avatharippikkunnathin munbu york rajakumaaranodoppam bhakshanam kazhikkukayum cheythu.
neppaal.
"hukkakal" (hukkaka), prathyekichu thadikal neppaalil janapriyamaan. neppali charithratthile oru unnatha kudumbapadaviyude pratheekamaayi hukkakalude upayogam saadhaaranayaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 
innu kathmandu, pokhaara, dharan ennee nagarangalil prathyeka hukka baarukalund. cheruppakkaarkkum vinodasanchaarikalkkum idayil hukkakal janapriyamakaan thudangiyittundengilum, vilakuranja sigarattukalude vyapakamaaya labhyatha kaaranam 'hukka-pukavalikkaarude' mothatthilulla ennam kurayaan saadhyathayund.
middle eest.
arab lokathum middle eesttilum aalukal avarude samskaarathinteyum paarambaryatthinteyum bhaagamaayi vaattarpaippukal pukavalikkunnu. argila, selam/selim, dialian allengil galyan, hokha, nafaz, nargili, shisha ennivayaanu middle eesttile whaterpipeinte praadeshika perukal.
saamoohika pukavali cheiyunnathu onno rando hoose hukka upayogichaanu, chilappol triple allengil naaliratti hoose hukkakal polum partykalilo cheria othucheralukalilo upayogikkunnu. pukavali poortthiyaakumbol, avar onnukil hoose veendum meshappurathu vaykkuka, athu labhyamaanenn soochippikkunnu, allengil oru upayokthaavil ninnu matte upayokthaavin kaimaruka, mouthu pease sweekarthaavine choondikkaanikkaathirikkaan svayam madakkuka.
middle eesttile mikka kafekalum sisakal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. kafekal vyaapakamaanu, arab lokathile pradhana saamoohika othucheral sthalangalilonnaanu (brittanile pothubhavanangalkk samanam).
ghaza.
2010ll hamaasinte neethrthwathilulla gaasayile islaamika sarkkar sthreekal pothusthalathu janapriya hukkakal valikkunnath nirodhichu. aabhyanthara manthraalaya vakthaav vishadeekarichu, "oru sthree pothusthalathu kaalukal murichukadannu irunnu pukavalikkunnath anuchithamaan. athu nammude janangalude prathichaayaye doshakaramaayi badhikkunnu."aaa varsham thanne nirodhanam pinvalikkukayum gaasayude kaphe oof cries vaattar paarkk polulla janapriya sthalangalil sthreekal pukavali punararambhikkukayum cheythu.
pershya.
pershyayil dalyaante aadya upayogathinte krithyamaaya theeyathi ariyilla. ennirunnaalum, hukkayude aadyakaala saahitya thelivukal, evideyum, ahli shirazi (dii. 1535), oru pershyan kavi, rdalyaante upayogathe paraamarsikkunnu, angane kuranjathu shhaa tahmaaspiyude kaalathethenkilum athinte upayogam kanakkakkunnu. purathana pershyayil hukka ithinakam upayogichirunnuvennum taamasiyaathe athu indiayilekku praveshichuvennum ithu soochippikkunnu.
safavid shhaa abbas onnaaman pukayila upayogathe shakthamayi apalapichuvenkilum, addehathinte bharanathinte avasaanathode rhalyan Çopoq (q.vii.) sthreekal ulppede samoohathinte ellah thalangalilum saadhaaranamaayitheernnu. skoolukalil, adhyapakarkkum vidyaarthikalkkum paadangal thudarumbol vidyaalyaanukal undaayirunnu. pershyayile shhaa saphi (aarr. 1629-42) pukayilaykku samboornna nirodhanam prakhyaapichirunnuvenku athinte upayogathil ninnu labhicha varumanam udan thanne nirodhanam pinvalikkaan addehathe prerippichu. oru koottam pavapetta aalukal kristtal vaattar paippukalude professional tinkermarayi maarunna tharatthil daalyaanukalude upayogam valare vyaapakamaayi. pershyayile abbas randaamante kaalath (aarr. 1642-1666), jala paippinte upayogam oru deseeya aasakthiyaayi maari. shhaa (rajaavu) kku svanthamaayi oru swakaarya dalyan sevakan undaayirunnu. jala pipe tenderinte (rdalyander) sthaanam eee samayam muthalullathaanennu vyakthamaan. eee samayat, jalasambharanikal glass, manpathrangal allengil oru tharam churaykka upayogichaanu nirmmikkappettirunnath. thaddesheeya glassukalude thripthikaramallaatha gunanilavaaram kaaranam, glass reservoirukal chilappol venesil ninnu irakkumathi cheyyappettirunnu. pershyayile sulaiman onnaamante kaalath (r. 1694-1722), upayogathil vardhanavundaayathode thalyaanukal kooduthal vipulamaayi alankarikkappettu. sambannarkku svarnnathinteyum velliyudeyum paippukal undaayirunnu. janangal jeevithathinte aavasyangalekkaal kooduthal chelavazhichathu thalyaanukalilaan.
sultan hussaininte doothan (aarr. 1722-32) fraansile luis XV-nte kottaratthilekku, vezhsaayile rajakeeya sadassilekkulla yaathraamadhye, oru udyogasthan thante trekkilulla thante malayan pidichu, athu addeham sanjarikkumbol upayogichirunnu. nather shaayude kottaaratthil dalyan upayogichathayi soochippikkunna rekhakalonnumilla, ennirunnaalum athinte upayogam thadassamillaathe thudarnnathaayi thonnunnu. iraanile sandh raajavamshathile karim khaanteyum faath-hahaa-alii shhaa khajaarinteyum chhaayaachithrangal undu, avar dulyan pukavalikkunnathayi chithreekarikkunnu.
iraaniyakkaarkku "khansaar" (khansaar, orupakshe uthbhava nagaratthinte peru, khwaansaar) enna peril oru prathyeka pukayilayundu. charakk foyil illaathe khansaril idum.
soudi arebia.
2014ll soudi arebia pothusthalangalil pothu pukavali nirodhanam nadappaakkunna prakriyayilaayirunnu. ithil shishukkalum ulppedunnu. nilavil, hukka rajyath niyamaparamaayi thudarunnu, chila restorantukal upabhokthaakkalil ninnu adhika phees eedaakkunnu.
syria.
siriyayude oru pradhana saamskaarika savisheshathayaayi kanakkaakkappedunnundu (syriayile pukavali kaanuka), irupathaam noottaandinte bhooribhaagavum nargilinte janapreeti kurayukayum prayamaaya purushanmaaraan ithu kooduthalum upayogikkukayum cheythath. mattu middle eestten raajyangalkk samaanamaayi, samaanamaayi, prathyekichu yuvakkalkkum cheruppakkaarkkum idayil, ithinte upayogam ganyamaayi vardhichu. vardhichu kanakkukal prakaram, syrian aabhyantharayudhathinu munbu, 18 muthal 29 vayass vare prayamullavaril 17 sathamaanavum 30 muthal 45 vayass vare prayamullavaril 10 sathamaanavum 46 muthal 65 vayass vare prayamullavaril 6 sathamaanavum nargail upayogichathayi report cheythu, ithu sthreekalekkaal kooduthal purushanmaaril upayogichirunnu. ettavum puthiya vivarangal labhyamalla.
turkey.
"pathinezhaam noottaand muthal "nargail" turkey samskaarathinte bhaagamaayi. akkaalat, athu samoohathil pramukhamaayitheerukayum oru padaviyude pratheekamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. "nargail" ennathu oru pradhana turkey aachaaramaayirunnu, athu france automan saamrajyavum thammil nayatantra prathisandhikk polum kaaranamaayi. parambaraagatha manpaathra nirmmaanathinu perukettathaanu padinjaaran turkey, avide kushavanmar "nargail" pathrangal ulppedeyulla manpathrangal nirmmikkunnu.
thekkukizhakkan eshya.
thekkukizhakkan eshyayil, pradhaanamaayum shisha ennu vilikkappedunna hukka arab, indian samoohangalil prathyekichum upayogichirunnu.
irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathinu munbu thekkukizhakkan eshyayil hukka phalatthil anjjaathamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum samakaalika yuvaakkalkkidayil janapreeti ippol valareyadhikam valarukayaanu. thekkukizhakkan eshyayile ettavum cosmopolitan nagarangalaya makathi, bancock, singapur (ippol nirodhichirikkunnu), noom penn, seam koyyal, hanoy, hoow chii miin sitti ennivayil ippol rakshaadhikaarikalkk hukkakal nalkunna vividha baarukalum klabbukalum undu.
noorukanakkinu varshangalayi hukka upayogam saadhaaranavum ellah praayathilumulla aalukal aaswadikkunnathumaanengiluma, ithu aduthide eshyayile yuvaakkalude vinodamaayi marran thudangi. koleju vidyaarthikalkkum cheruppakkaarkkum idayil hukkakal ettavum janapriyamaan, avar praayapoorthiyaakaathavarum athinaal sigaratt vaangaan kazhiyaathavarumaan.
kenia.
keniyayil hookah shisha ennu vilikkunnu. avaa rajyath audyogikamaayi nirodhichirikkunnu. ennittum, pala klabbukalum ippozhum niyamam lamghikkunnathu thudarukayum nagarapradeshangalil hukka pukavali thudarukayum cheiyunnu.
dakshinaafrikka.
dakshinaafrikkayil, "hubley bubley" allengil "ookka pipe" ennariyappedunna hukka, cape maleyilum indian janathayilum janapriyamaan, avide ithu oru saamoohika vinodamaayi pukavalikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, dakshinaafrikkakkaarkkilkil, prathyekichu yuvaakkalil hukkayude janapreeti vardhichukondirikkanu. pukavali saadhaaranayaayi veettilo beechukal, picnic sittukal thudangiya pothu edangalilo aanenkilum hukkakal nalkunna baarukal kooduthal praadhaanyamarhikkunnu.
dakshinaafrikkayil, vividha hukka gadakangalude padawali mattu rajyangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. kalimannu "thala/paathram" "kaliman kalam" ennariyappedunnu. hosukale "paippukal" ennum eyar release vaalvine "clutch" ennum vilikkunnu.
windcover (ithu baahya upayogathinu oopshanalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu) "aas-jaas" ennariyappedunnu, ithu aafrikkansil ninnu engleeshilekku nerittu "aashh-jacket" ennu vivarthanam cheiyunnu. koodaathe, "kaliman kalam" nirmmikkuka/thayyarakkuka ennathine saadhaaranayaayi "racking dhaa hubley" ennu vilikkunnu.
chila shaasthranjar marijuwana pipe hukkayude aafrikkan uthbhavamaayi choondikkaanikkunnu.
america canada.
canada 1960kalilum pukayilayude vividha roopangal upayogikkunnathinulla oru janapriya upakaranamaayirunnu hukkakal. partykalilo cheria othucheralukalilo hukka hoose chuttum kadannupoyi, upayokthaakkal avarkk anuyojyamennu thonnunnathupole pankedutthu. ennirunnaalum, saadhaaranayaayi kalkari kathikkunnathinupakaram thuranna theepidutthangal upayogichirunnu.
innu, hukkakal vividha pukayila braandukalilum aaksasarikalilum ulppede amerikkayiludaneelamulla puka kadakalilum chila gyaas steshanukalilum vilppanaykku eluppathil labhyamaan. swakaarya hukka pukavalikk purame, raajyathudaneelamulla nagarangalil hukka lonchukalo baarukalo thurannu.
aduthide, chila nagarangalum kaundikalum samsthaanangalum indor pukavali nirodhanam nadappaakkiyittund. chila adhikaaraparidhikalil, hukka bisinasukale prathyeka permittukaliloode poolisikalil ninnu ozhivakkaam. ennirunnaalum, chila permittukalkk madyathil ninno pukayilayil ninno avarude varumaanathinte oru nischitha minimum sathamaanam sambaadikkunna bisinesses polulla aavasyakathakalundu.
indor pukavali nirodhanamulla nagarangalil, hukka baarukal adachupoottaano pukayila rahita mishrithangalilekku marano nirbandhitharaayi. ennirunnaalum, pala nagarangalilum hukka lonchukal janapreeti vardhippikkukayaanu. 2000 muthal 2004 vare 200-ladhikam puthiya hukka kafekal bisinassinaayi thurannu, avayil bhooribhaagavum cheruppakkaare lakshyamittullathum koleju kaambasukalkko valia middle-eestten communitykalulla nagarangalkko sameepamaan sthithicheyyunnathu. eee pravartthanam poost-secondary vidyaarthi janasamkhyaashaasthrathil janapreeti nedunnathu thudarunnu. 2014 muthal 2019 vareyulla kaalayalavil haiskool vidyaarthikalil hukka upayogam 9.4 sathamaanathil ninnu 3.4 shathamaanamaayi kuranjappol sigaratt valikkunnath ithe kaalayalavil 9.2 sathamaanathil ninnu 5.8 shathamaanamaayi kuranjathaayi us cdc ariyichu. ariyichu oru padanamanusarichu, eathenkilum kolejilulla, ennaal birudam illaatha, associate birudam allengil biruda birudam ulla vidyaarthikalil 1.1 sathamaanam perum ellah divasavum allengil chila divasangalilum whaterpipe allengil pipe pukayila uthppannangal upayogikkunnuvennu report cheythu. 2017 novemberile kanakkanusarichu, yuu. esile kuranjathu 2,082 koleju allengil yooniversitti kaambasukalenkilum.ezz. thaamasasthalangal ulppede muzhuvan kaambasilum indor, outtdoor pradeshangalil pukavali illaathaakkaan sramikkunna 100% pukavali rahita campus nayangal sweekarichittundu.
ghadanayum pravartthanavum.
gadakangal.
gromettukal ozhike, oru hukkayil niravadhi gadakangal adangiyirikkunnu, avayil naalennam athinte pravarthanatthinu athyanthaapekshithamaanu.
paathram.
hukkayude thala ennum ariyappedunna paathram, pukavali samayat kalkary pukayilayum sookshikkunna kalimannu, marble allengil glass enniva upayogichu nirmmicha oru kandeynaraanu. paathratthil pukayila nirachu oru screeno sushirangalulla aluminium foyilo kondu moodunnu. kathikkunna kalkari pinneedu mukalil vaykkunnu, ithu pukayilaye sariyaaya thapanilayil choodaakkaan anuvadikkunnu. 
oru pinaple pakuthiyaayi murikkunnath polulla vividha pazhangalil ninnu hukka boulukal palappozhum nirmmikkam. oru kaliman paathratthinte athe aakruthiyum samvidaanavum nedunnathinaayi pazham pollayakki thulachukayarukayum thudarnnu athu nirachu athe reethiyil upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu.
pukayilayile jyoosukal thandil ninnu thaazhekku ozhukunnathu thadayunna puthiya designukal ulppeduthunnathinaayi adutha kaalathaayi pathrangal vikasichittundu. tangiers phanal bowl, sahara smoke vortex bowl enniva atharam boulukalude rund udaaharanangalaan.
kaattinte moodalmanju.
eathenkilum tharatthilulla vaayu dwaarangalulla paathram pradeshathinu mukalil irikkunna oru kavaraanu hukka kaattadiya moodal. ithu kalkariyude kathikkal nirakkum thapanilayum vardhippikkunnathil ninnu kaattine thadayukayum chaaravum kathikkappedunna theepporikalum chuttumulla paristhithiyilekku veeshunnath thadayukayum cheiyunnu. ithu theeyil ninnu kurachu parimithamaaya samrakshanam nalkiyekkaam, kaaranam hukka idichaal kalkari puranthallappedunnathu ithu thadayum.
hoose.
puka oru akalathekku valichedukkaan anuvadikkunna nerttha flexible tubaanu hoose (onno athiladhikamo), shwasikkunnathinu munbu ithu thanuppikkunnu. vividha roopangal, valuppam, niram allengil metteeriyal tharam ennivayude oru lohamo thadiyo plaastik mouthu peeso aanu attathu saadhaaranayaayi gadippichirikkunnathu. innu, sariyaaya hoose saadhaaranayaayi vinail upayogichaanu nirmmikkunnath, ithu eluppathil vrithiyaakkaan anuvadikkunnu. jeey. ezz. 1902-ll "eiii maanuval oof indian timbers" enna pusthakatthil choothaattam (p. 668), velutha himalayan birchinte puramtholi bettula ssp upayogikkunnu. aadyakaala hukka tubeukal nirmmikkaan jackvimondiyi upayogichirunnu.
valve shudheekarikkuka.
valarekkaalamaayi upayogashoonyamaayi irikkunna pazhaya puka neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi pala hukkakalilum vaattar jaarile vyomaathirthiyumaayi bandhippichirikkunna oru parj valve sajjeekarichirikkunnu. eee vann-way valve saadhaaranayaayi oru porttinu mukalilaayi irikkunna oru lalithamaaya panthu bairing aanu, athu guruthwaakarshanathaal maathram portt adaykkunnu, koodaathe hosilake veeshunnathiloode positteev marddam srishtikkukayaanenkil athu thurakkum. oru scru-oonn cover upayogichu bairing thadavilaakkunnu. cover thurakkukayum sariyaaya sealing urappaakkunnathin avashishtangalum naashanashtangalum upayogichu bairing seettum pathivayi vrithiyaakkukayum venam.
jala adithara.
hukkayude shareeram jalanirappin mukalilaanu irikkunnathu, allengil chilappol paathramaayi vilikkunnu. thaazhathe thalam paathratthile jalanirappin thaazhe thoongikkidakkunnu. puka shareerathiloode kadannupokukayum thaazhathe bhaagathekku pookukayum avide athu vellathiloode kumilakal veezhukayum cheiyunnu. ithu pukaye thanuppikkukayum eerppamullathaakkukayum cheiyunnu. pazhachaar polulla draavakangal vellathil cherkkukayo pakaram upayogikkukayo cheyyaam. pazhangal, pulicha elakal, podicha aise enniva cherkkaam.
plate.
kalkkariyiloode veezhunna charam pidikkaan paathratthinu thottaduthaayi oru plate allengil aashtre irikkunnu.
gromettukal.
oru hukkayile gromettukal saadhaaranayaayi paathratthinum shareerathinum idayilum shareerathinte gaskettinum vaattar jaarinum idayilum shareerathinum hossin idayilumaanu sthaapikkunnathu. gromettukal, athyaavashyamallengilum (pepparinteyo tapinteo upayogam saadhaaranamaayirikkunnu), bhaagangalkkidayilulla sandhikal adaykkaan sahayikkum, athinaal akathekku varunna vaayuvinte alavu kuraykkukayum shwasikkunna puka paramavadhi vardhippikkukayum cheyyum.
defuser.
saadhaaranayaayi plaastik kondu nirmmichathum grid paattenil nirmmichathumaaya oru kashanam, sugamamaya pukayum shaanthamaaya shabdavum undaakkunnu. paippil ninnu vellathilekku varunna swaabhaavikamaayi valia kumilakale cheria kumilakalaakki thakarkkunnathiloode, arayilekku puka konduvarunnathinu aavashyamaaya sakshan allengil "pull" alavu kuraykkunnu. ithu pukaye kooduthal kaaryakshamamaayi thanuppikkukayum cheiyunnu. ithu oru adambara inamaayi upayogikkunnu, ithu oru mikacha pukavali anubhavathinaayi upayogikkunnu, mathramalla ithu oru gadakamalla.
taapa maanejment upakaranam
kalkari adangiyathinum pukayila thulyamaayi choodaakkunnathinum upayogikkunna foyil allengil shisha/pukayilayil nerittu sthaapikkunna oru loha kontraappshanaanu heett maanejment device (echmdi). hmds phoilinoppamo pakaram upayogikkaam, ithu pukavali prakriya taapa vitharanathil kuranja vyathiyaanamundaakkunnu.
upabhogayogyamaaya vasthukkal.
muu 'aasal.
pukayila allengil muu 'aasal (arabica masal, athaayath "thaine"), chilappol hookah soochippikkaatha sthalangalil shisha ennum vilikkappedunnu, moisturizerayi molasses pachakkari glycerol cherttha oru syrup pukayila misrithamaanu. apple, munthirippazham, peraykka, naaranga, pulichamasaala, mattu pala pazhangal adisthaanamaakkiyulla mishrithangalum myoosalinte saadhaarana ruchikalil ulppedunnu. pukayila pukavali anuvadaneeyamallaatha chila pradeshangalil pukayila adisthaanamaakkiyulla muassel labhyamaan.
curry.
paathratthinullile pukayilayilekku mattunna thapam uthppaadippikkunnathinu oorjja srothassaanu curry. pukayilaye eerppamullathaakkaanum pinneedu puka uthppaadippikkaanum glycerol upayogikkunnathinaal, glycerolinte thilaykkunna pooyintinu mukalil 290 digri selshyasinu mukalil choodu srishtikkaan karikk kazhiyanam. athinaal, hukka pukavalikkulla curry kadinavum uyarnna saandrathayum kathikkaan eluppamullathum nirantharamaaya choodil kooduthal neram kathikkunnathumaanu.
ooppareshan.
hukkayude thaazheyulla jaaril body tyoobinte kurachu centimeter mukkan paryapthamaaya vellam nirachirikkunnu, athu athil muruke adaykkunnu. aazhathilulla vellam athu upayogikkaan aavashyamaaya shwasana shakti vardhippikkukaye cheiyukayulloo. pukayila allengil pukayila rahita molassis hukkayude mukalilulla paathrathinullil vaykkunnu. palappozhum paathram sushirangalulla tinn foyil allengil oru loha screen kondu moodukayum mukalil kalkari vaykkukayum cheiyunnu. foyil allengil screen kalkary pukailayeyum verthirikkunnu, foyil, pukayila enniva yathaakramam 450,130 digri selshyas vare uyarunnu. eee thaapanilakal jwalanathe nilanirthaan kazhiyaathathra kuravaanu, sigarattil kaanapedunna 900 digri selshyasinekkaal valare kuravaanu. hukkayude puka ghaneebhavippikkunnathinte oru valia bhagam pyrolysis, jwalanangal ennivayaal srishtikkappedunnathinum lalithamaaya vaattiyedukkaliloodeyaan ulppaadippikkappedunnathu, thalphalamaayi, sigaratt pukayile pyrosynthesised samyukthangal ganyamaayi kuravaayirikkum.
hosiloodeyulla sakshante falamaayi, inlettu paippin mukalilulla vellathinte cheria staatik head marikadakkaan mathiyaya oru vaakvam vaattar boulinte headspaceil srishtikkappedunnu, ithu paathratthilekku puka kumilayakkunnu. athesamayam, kalkari vaayu valichedukkukayum choodaakkukayum cheiyunnu. pinneedu athu pukayila mishrithatthiloode kadannupokukayum avide kalkariyile choodulla vaayu samvahanavum taapa chaalanavum kaaranam mukhyadharaa aerosol ulppaadippikkappedukayum cheiyunnu. paathratthile vellathilekku vyaapikkunna body tyoobiloode neeravi thaazhekku kadannupokunnu. ithu vellathiloode kumilakal uyarthukayum choodu nashtappedukayum hoose gadippichirikkunna jaarinte mukal bhagam niraykkukayum cheiyunnu. oru upayokthaav kuzhalil ninnu shwasikkumbol, puka shwaasakoshathilekku kadannupokukayum jaarile marddatthile maattam curry vazhi kooduthal vaayu valichedukkukayum prakriya thudarukayum cheiyunnu.
jalarekhaykku mukalilulla paathratthil shekharicha neeravi undengil oru shudheekarana vaalviloode theernnekkaam. hosilake soumyamaayi veeshunnathiloode srishtikkappedunna positteev marddamaanu eee vann-way valve thurakkunnathu.
aarogyaparamaya prathyaaghaathangal.
visha rasavasthukkalumaayi sanbarkkam.
pukayilayude pukayilayil cancerinu kaaranamakunna rasavasthukkal ulppedeyulla visha rasavasthukkal adangiyirikkunnu. eee raasavasthukkalil palathum vellam filter cheiyunnilla. curry, pukayila, sugandhangal enniva kathikkunnathil ninnaan visha rasavasthukkal varunnath. eee rasavasthukkal kyaansar, hrudrogam, shwaasakosha rogangal, mattu aarogya prasnangal ennivaykku kaaranamakum. 
pukayila nirddishta nitrosaaminukal, polycyclic aarometik hydrocarbonukal (paa; iii.jii.benzo [eiii] pyrene, anthraseen), asthira aldehydeukal (udha.jii. formaldehyde, asataldehyde, acrollin), benzene, naitrik ooksaid, kanatha lohangal (arsenic, chromium, ledu), kaarban monoxide (qoo). hukka pukavali oru vyakthiyude shareerathile kaarban monoxide (qoo) alavu avarude saadhaarana nilayude ettu madangu vardhippikkunnu. oru sigaratt valikkunnathumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, orotta hukka session upayokthaakkale kooduthal kaarban monoxide, paa, samanamaaya alavil nicottin, pukayila nirddishta nitrosaaminukalude kuranja alavu ennivaykku vidheyamaakkunnu. eee rasavasthukkal shwasikkunnathiloode, hukka pukavalikkunnavarkk sigaratt valikkunnavarude athe aarogyaprasnangal undakanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu.
pakarchavyaadhikalkku kaaranamakunna rogakaarikalumaayulla sanbarkkam.
aalukal oru hukka pankidumbol, ooral herpus, kshayarogam, heppattaitis, influvensa, echu thudangiya pakarchavyaadhikal padaraan saadhyathayund. pailari ". vyakthigatha dispossible mouthu peasukal upayogikkunnathu eee apakadasaadhyatha kurachekkaam, pakshe athu illaathaakkunnilla.
hukkayude asakthiyum ashrayavum.
hukka pukavalikkunnavar nicottin enna oru lahari raasavasthuvine shwasikkunnu. oru saadhaarana hukka pukavali session oru sigarattinte 1.7 madangu nicottin alavu nalkunnu, koodaathe dainamdina whaterpipe upayokthaakkalil nicottin agiranam cheiyunna nirakk prathidinam 10 sigaratt valikkunnathin thulyamaanu. hukka pukavalikkunna palarkkum, prathyekichu pathivayi upayogikkunnavarkk, kurachu samayathekku pukavalikkaathathinu sesham pukavalikkaanum mattu pinvalikkal lakshanagal kaanikkanum aagrahamund, athu upekshikkaan prayaasamaan. hookaik adimakalaaya aalukal ottaykku pukavalikkanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanu. pukavali upekshikkunna kaunsiling prograamil ninnu sahayam labhichaal hukka pukavalikkaarkk pukavali upekshikkunnathu eluppamaakum.
hraswakaala aarogya prathyaaghaathangal.
hukka pukayile kaarban monoxide (qoo) rakthathile haemoglobinumaayi bandhippichu carboxyhemoglobin roopappeduthunnu, ithu thalachor ulppedeyulla avayavangalilekku kondupokaan kazhiyunna ooksijante alavu kuraykkunnu. thalavedana, ookkaanam, alasata, bodhakshayam ennivayulppedeyulla kopoyijaninte lakshanangalkkayi hukka pukavalikkaarkk ashupatri emarjansi roomil chikitsa aavasyamaanennu medical saahithyathil niravadhi cases reportukal undu. ithine chilappol "hukka rogam" ennu vilikkunnu. hukka pukavali hridayavyavasthaye pala tharatthil nasippikkum. ithinte upayogam hridayamidippum rakthasammardhavum vardhippikkunnu. ithu baroreflex niyanthranatheyum (rakthasammardham niyantrikkaan sahayikkunna) hridaya svayambharana pravartthanatheyum (hridayamidippu niyanthrikkunnath ulppede niravadhi uddeshyangalulla) hukkayude upayogam rakthakkuzhalukalude pravartthanatthe saaramaayi baadikkukayum veekkam vardhippikkukayum shwaasakoshathinte pravartthanatthe doshakaramaayi baadikkukayum vyaayamathinulla kazhivu kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu.
deerghakaala aarogya prathyaaghaathangal.
hukka niravadhi aarogya prashnangalkk kaaranamaakunnuvenn nilavile thelivukal soochippikkunnu. hukka pukavali niravadhi arbudangal (shwaasakosham, annanaala, dahananaalangal), shwaasakosha rogangal (shwaasakosha pravartthanam thakararilavuka, vittumaaraatha bronchitis, emphysema), coronary artari rogam, peridondal rogam, obstetrikkal, perinaattal prasnangal (jananasamayath kuranja bharavum shwaasakosha prashnangalum), swarakkuzhalukalum shabda maattangalum, austioporosis ennivaykkulla saadhyatha vardhippikkunnu. innuvareyulla pala padanangalkkum hukkayude upayogam oru staanderd reethiyil alakkaathathupolulla reethishaasthraparamaaya parimithikalundu. hukkayude upayogathinteyum hukkayude pukayude sanbarkkathinteyum deerghakaala aarogya prathyaaghaathangalekkurich kooduthalariyaan valia, deerghakaala padanangal aavasyamaanu. vaayayude aarogyatheyum badhikkunnu, prathyekichu pallukaludeyum peridondalinteyum avastha. 
hukkayude puka second hand exposure phalangal.
hukkakalil ninnulla second hand pukayilayil ganyamaaya alavil kaarban monoxide, aldehydeukal, paa, ultrafine kanikakal, shvasanayogyamaaya kanikakal (shwaasakoshathilekku praveshikkaan kazhiyunnathra cheria kanikakal) enniva adangiyirikkunnu. hukka baarukalude vaayuvile kanika dravyangalude saandrata yuu. yuu. anusarichu anaarogyakaramaayathum apakadakaravumaaya paridhiyilaanennu padanangal kandethi.ezz. paristhithi samrakshana ejansi maanadandangal. hukka baarukalile vaayuvil sugandha hydrocarbonukal, kaarban monoxide, nicottin, trace lohangal ennivayulppede visha raasavasthukkalum adangiyittundu. eee vishavasthukkalude vaayuvile saandrata sigarattinekkaal kooduthalaanu (manikkooril athe ennam pukavalikkunnavarkk). oru saadhaarana oru manikkoor hukka sessionil, oru sigaratt valikkunnayaale apekshichu oru upayokthaav cancerinu kaaranamakunna raasavasthukkaludeyum mattu doshakaramaaya raasavasthukkaludeyum eratti vaayuvilekku puranthallunnu. second hand hukka pukayude sanbarkkathinte deerghakaala aarogya prathyaaghaathangal oru padanavum parishodhichittilla, ennaal hraswakaala prathyaaghaathangalil shwaasathadassam, mookkil undaakunna tirakk, vittumaaraatha chuma thudangiya shwasana lakshanagal ulppedaam.

