
barmees-sayamese yuddham (1792-1794)

barmees-sayamese yuddham (1792-1794) allengil tavoiyude sayamese adhinivesham konbang raajavamshathinte keezhilulla barma raajyavum tavoy pattanatthinum tenasserim theerathinum mukalilulla chakri raajavamshathinte keezhilulla siam raajyavum thammilulla samghattanamaayirunnu.
raama onnaaman raajaavinte keezhil siam, ayothaya raajyathinte kaalath sayaamte munswathaayirunna tenasserim theeravum thavoy, mergui pattanangalum avakashappedaan shramichu. 1792 maarchil tavoiyile barmees govarnore siamilekku koorumaariyathu siaminu lakshyangal saakshaathkarikkaanulla avasaram nalki. tavoi mergui niyanthranathilaayathode raama onnaaman rajaavu thaazhnna barmayilekku oru paryavekshanam aasoothranam cheythu. ennirunnaalum, barmayile rajaavaaya bodavpaaya, tenasserim theeram barmeesinte niyanthranatthil nilanirthaan lakshyamit, sayamese aakramanangale neridaan thante makan rajakumaran thado minso ayachu. 1794 januvariyil tavoy yudhathil siamese nannayi paraajayappedukayum pinvaangukayum cheythu. 
pashchaathalam.
pathinaram noottaand muthal barma siam thammilulla niyanthranathinaayulla malsarathinte yudhakkalamaayirunnu tenasserim theeram. thenasserim theerathu rund bhagangal undaayirunnu; vadakkan bhagam tavoy pattanatthe kendreekarichullathum thekkan bhagam taaninthaari pattanatthe kendreekarichullathum (rtgs: "thano sii"). thenasserim nadiyude theerathu, naraay raajaavinte bharanakaalathu oru pradhana siamese vyapara thuramukhamaayirunna mergui thuramukha nagaram sthaapichu. thayland srothassukalil tenasserim theeram "tavoy, mergui, tenasserim" ennaanu ariyappettirunnath. thavoyiyile nivaasikale oru prathyeka vamseeyatha enna nilayil "tavoyan" ennu vilichirunnu, ithu moonn janathayumayi bandhappettirikkam. thaaninthaariyile nivaasikal sayamese allengil sayamese-moonn mishrithakkaaraayirunnu. pathinezhaam noottaandile oru vivaranam mergui nivaasikal "barmees, sayamese, chainees, indian, malaysian, europian" aanennu prasthaavichu.
barmees-sayamese yudhasamayathu (1568-1569) bainnoung raajaavinte keezhil barmees tavoy, taaninthaari, muzhuvan theeravum ennivayil ninnu siamese niyanthranam nedi. 1592ll siyaamile naresuvan rajaavu theeram thirichupidichu. pinneedu barmees tungoo raajavamshathile anaukpetlun rajaavu tavoy thirichupidichu. tenasserim theeram pinneedu rund bhagangalaayi vibhajikkapettu; barmees aadhipathyathin keezhilulla vadakkan tavoy bhaagavum sayamese niyanthranatthilulla thaninthaariyum mergui ulppedunna thekkan bhaagavum. eee shakti santhulithaavastha ekadesham nooru varshatholam nilaninnirunnu.
pathinettaam noottaandile moonn kalapangal barmees tungoo raajavamshathe attimarikkukayum punasthaapicha hantawadi raajyam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. konbang raajavamshathinte keezhil barmees svayam veendedukkukayum avar hantawadi raajyam avasanippikkukayum kooduthal moonn kalapangal thadayunnathinaayi thaazhnna barma tenasserim theeratheyum niyanthranathilaakkendi praadhaanyam manassilakkukayum cheythu. barmees konbang rajavamsham valia thothil tenasserim theerathum siamilum abhayam thediya moonn janataye adichamarthi. moonn vimatharkk abhayam nalkikkond siam avare parokshamaayi pinthunachu. konbang raajavamshathile alaungpaya rajaavu barmees-sayamese yudhathil (1759-60) siam akramikkukayum mergui, taaninthaari enniva keezhadakkukayum cheythu. tenasserimile muzhuvan theerapradeshavum pinneedu barmees niyanthranatthilaayi. onpathu sainyangalude yudhasamayathu (1785-86), barmayile rajaavaaya bodapaya siamilekkulla thante paryaveshanangalkkaayi tenasserim theeram upayogichu.
nemeo cavdine siamilekku koorumaattuka.
aakramanakaarikalaaya siyaameesil ninnu nagaratthe vijayakaramaayi prathirodhicha thavoyiyude govarnor nemeo cavin (thaay srothassukalil minescience ennariyappedunna enga miyaat piyu enna vyakthiparamaaya peru) martabanile govarnoraayi niyamikkappedaan aagrahichu. ennirunnaalum, badal, bodaavpaya rajaavu minhla sithuvine thavoyiyude mail adikaaramulla marthabaanile govarnoraayi niyamichu. nemeo cavdinum minhla sithuvum thammilulla bandham nallathayirunnilla, minhla sithu rajaavaaya bodavpaya ariyichu. bodavapaaya rajaavu nemeo cavdine govarnor padaviyil ninnu mochippikkaan utharavidukayum amarapura vichaaranakkaayi arast cheyyukayum cheythu. puthiya govarnor tavoyiyil athiyappol nemeo cavin addehathe vadhichu. bodavpaya rajaavu nemeo cavdine vimathanaayi prakhyapikkukayum pithaav metkaya boye arast cheyyukayum cheythu. minescience nemeo cavin pinneedu bodavpaya raajaavinethire sayamese lakshyathilekku koorumaran theerumaanichu.
raama onnaaman raajaavinte (aval raama onnaaman raajaavinte mootha sahodarante makalaayirunnu) nashtappetta anantharavalaaya lady chii, ayuthaayante pathanasamayathu thadavilaayi pidikkappedukayum thavoyiyilekku naadukadatthappedukayum cheythirunnu. nemeo cavin avalude asthithvam kandethi. 1792 maarchil siaminu keezhadanganamennu nemeo cavin oru swarnna plettil raama onnaaman rajaavinu oru kathu ezhuthi. lady chii siamese rajaavinu mattoru kathu ezhuthukayum cheythu. raama onnaaman rajaavu, nemeo cavdinteyum addehathinte anantharaval lady chii yudeyum kathukal kandappol, thavoy edukkaan theerumaanichu.
tavoiyude siamese adhinivesham (march 1792).
thavoy avakashappedaan 5,000 peradangunna oru siamese sainyathe nayikkaan raama onnaaman rajaavu "fraya" yomaraj bannaginode (barmees srothassukalil paaya ranpaarat ennariyappedunnu, "somdettu chaavo fraya" borom mahaa praruraavongseyude pithaav) utharavittu. raama onnaaman rajaavum ilaya sahodaran rajakumaran mahaa suuraa sinhanat kanchanaburiyile khwaay noyi nadiyilekku march cheythu. yomaraj bannag thavoyiyilethukayum nemeo cavin keezhadangan purathuvarikayum cheythu. yomaraj bunnag raajaavine sandarshikkaan lady chiye khwaay noyi nadiyil ayachu. punarekeekaranathinushesham rajaavu thante anantharaval lady chiye baankokkilekku ayachu. thavoy siamese niyanthranathilaayathinu sesham, mergui gavarnaraaya sethya-uu-chiyum siamese bhaagathekku chernnu. tenasserim theeram veendum hraswakaalathekkenkilum siamese bharanathin keezhilaayi.
rajaavu kanchanaburiyil thaamasikkumbol khwaay noyi nadiyil ninnu rajakumaran mahaa suuraa sinhanat thavoyiyilekku march cheythu. bhaaviyile pravarthanangalkkaayi barmees tavoi adisthaanamaayi upayogikkunnathil ninnu thadayunnathinum thavoyaanukale siamilekku naadukadatthunnathinum thavoy pattanam polichuneekkanamennu rajakumaran nirddeshichu. ennirunnaalum, barmmayilekkulla bhaavi prachaaranangalkk thavoy thante aditharayaayi aavasyamaanennu paranju raama onnaaman rajaavu nirasichu. nemeo cavin barmees bhaagathekku thirichupokaan pookunnuvennu maa enna oru sayamese manushyan rajakumarane ariyichu. thudarnnu rajakumaran mahaa suura sinhanat nemeo cavdine arast cheyyukayum kanchanaburi raama onnaaman raajaavinte aduthekku ayaykkukayum cheythu. nemeo kyaavidinte vishwasthatha samshayaaspadamaanennu manassilakkiya raama onnaaman rajaavu addehathe sthiramaayi baankokkilekku naadukadatthaan theerumaanichu. nemeo kyaavidine baankokkil sthirathaamasamaakkaan maattukayum "fraya" yomaraj bannag thavoyiyude chumatala ettedukkukayum cheythu.
siamese bharanathin keezhil tavoy mergui undaayirunnappol raama onnaaman rajaavu thaazhnna barmayilekku oru paryavekshanam aasoothranam cheythu. lavos, cambodia, thekkan siam ennividangalil ninnaan siamese sainyathe niyogichathu. karaa, naavika senakalumaayi oresamayam thaazhnna barmayil praveshikkuka ennathaayirunnu rajakeeya padhathi.
barmees thayyaareduppukal.
nemeo kyavidin siamilekku koorumaariyathinekkurichu arinja bodaavpaya rajaavu thante makan anantharaavakaashiyumaaya rajakumaran thado minso tenasserim theeram veendedukkunnathinulla prachaaranangalkk neethrthwam nalkaan "uparaja" yeei niyamichu. 1792 juunil amarpura vitta thado minso rajakumaran thante "sithkeyude vuni mahaa saitura, nemeo cavin tihathu ennivarodoppam 14,000 sainikarude sainyathe nayichu. addehathinte sainyathil manippoori kuthirappadayaalikalum ulppedunnu. kathaparayumbol, rajaavu koorumariya govarnor nemeo kyaavidinte pithavaaya metkaya boye kandumutty. kathaparachilil metkayaa boow krooramaayi vadikkappettu.
mazhakkaalathu prins thado minso thaazhnna barmayile rankoonilethi. mazhakkaalathu eee bhoomi chathuppunilavum sainikarkk march cheyyaan anuyojyamallaathathaayathinaam parambaraagatha yudhangal saadhaaranayaayi varanda kaalaavasthayilaanu nadathaarullathu. vuni mahaa saitura nemeo cavin tihathuvum rajakumaranodu mazhakkalam avasanikkunnathuvare rankoonil kaathirikkaan aavasyappettu. ennirunnaalum, thaazhnna barma akramikkaan siamese tavoi aditharayaayi upayogikkumenna bhayann rajakumaran prachaaranangal thudaraan theerumaanichu. prins thado minso thudarnnu sainyathe thaazhepparayunna reethiyil samghadippichu;
thavoy pattanatthil akramikkaan navikasena rajakumaran krameekarichu.
tavoiyude barmees adhinivesham (1793-94).
1793 novemberil rajaavaaya raama onnamanum rajakumaaranaaya mahaa suuraa sinhanat thaazhnna barmayil akramanangal aarambikkaan padhathiyittu. "chaavo fraya" mahasena pliyum "chaavo fraya" rattanaafittum bancock vittu 1793 desemberil thavoyiyiletthi "fraya" yomaraj bannagil chernnu. moonnu siamese generalukalkku pinneedu barmees tavoikaayi varunna vaartha labikkukayum tavoiyude praanthapradeshangalil prathirodha sthaanangal ettedukkukayum cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, tavoy nadiyude athirthiyilulla tavoiyude padinjaaran bhaagatthinte bhooribhaagavum siamese thurannirikkunnu. thavoy nadiyude praveshana kavaadam samrakshikkaan rajakumaran mahaa suuraa sinhanat thante kappalppadayude oru bhaagathe ayachu.
thavoy yuddham.
nemeo goo kyaavthuvinte randaam vibhaagam aadyam tavoyiyil ethi. 10, 000 aalukalumayi, nemeo kyavathu tavoy nadiyude theerathu sayamese kappalpadaye kandumuttukayum athine paraajayappedutthukayum cheythu. nemeo goo kyavathu pinneedu tavoy nadiyilekku kappal kayarukayum barmees kappalukale tavoiyude padinjaaran theerathekku konduvaraan neethrthwam nalkukayum cheythu. addeham thavoyiyude thekkupadinjaarulla hintayil nankooramidukayum thante kappalpadaye irakkukayum cheythu. mingi thinkayayudeyum baalayanta cavinteyum keezhilulla moonnum naalum divisionukalil 10,000 perr veetham thavoyiyude vadakkupadinjaarulla kinmyayil ethi. nemeo cavin thihaathuvinte keezhil 10,000 aalukalude karasena ningalil ninnu march cheyth tavoyiyil ethi. nemeo cavin tahathu commander-inn-cheefaayi chumathalayettu.
tavoy pattanatthinu athirvashathulla tavoy nadiyude padinjaaran theerathu barmees sainyam avarude sthaanangal etteduthu. nemeo cavin tihathu thavoyiyude thekkukizhakkan bhaagath kaalukuthunnathinaayi nadhi kadakkaan oru sainyathe ayachuvenkilum yudhathil vediyettu maricha "fraya" kanchanaburi ethirthu. binnya saine thavoyiyude padinjaaru oru munn kotta nirmmikkukayum sthaanam ettedukkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, barmees thokkudhaarikalum manippoori kuthirapadayum binnya seyne paraajayappeduthi. barmees pinneedu nadikku kuruke oru paalam nirmmikkukayum vijayakaramaayi tavoiyilekku kadakkukayum cheythu. barmees paalatthiloode kadannu sankye-inn enna sthalathu "fraya" siharaj deco akramikkukayum avar paraajayappedukayum cheythu. tavoiyude vadakku bhaagathekku svayam sthaapikkaan barmees janathaykku kazhinju. ennirunnaalum, thekkan bhaagath, catsabinil siamese barmees aakramanangale pinthirippikkaan kazhinjathinaal barmees vijayam kuravaayirunnu. barmees tavoiyude padinjaaran, vadakkan praanthapradeshangal surakshithamaakkiyappol siamese thekkan, kizhakkan bhoomi nilanirtthiyathode eee stambhanam undaayi.
ennirunnaalum, thavoyaanukalkku sayamese bharanathil athrupthi undaayirunnu. 1793 desemberil ezhu thavoyaanukal kamaandaraaya nemeo cavin tihaathuvine bandhappedukayum barmees sainyathe nagaratthilekku sahakarikkaan shanikkukayum cheythu. tavoyanukal oru pathaaka uyarthukayum barmees akramikkunnathinulla adayaalangalaayi oru prakasham kathikkukayum cheyyum. ennaal annu ratri pathaaka uyarthiyengilum yomaraj bannag goodaalochanakkaare kandethukayum avare vadikkukayum cheythathinaal velicham vannilla. barmees akramanam thudarnnilla, raavile goodaalochanakkaarude mrithadehangal nadiyil pongikkidakkunnathu kandethi. eee samayat, raama onnaaman rajaavu pradhana rajakeeya sainyangale thavoyiyilekku nayikkukayaayirunnu. deerghakaala uparodham bhakshanavum maanavavibhavasheshiyum illaathaakkiyathinaal tavoiyile siamese janatha dayaneeyaavasthayilaayirunnu. mikka thavoyan purushanmaarum nagaratthinte mathilukalil yuddham cheyyaan jolie cheythirunnathinaal, kizhakk ninnu bhakshya vitharanam nadatthaan siamese thavoyan sthreekale niyamichu. ennirunnaalum, siamese nagaram upekshichu thavoyan nivaasikale nirbandhichu siamilekku naadukadatthaan pookukayaanennu tavoyanmarkku bodhyamaayi. avar siamese utharavukal anusarikkaan visammathichu. "chaavo fraya" mahasena pliye pinneedu prathirodhatthinte nethaavaaya vundaukkine shikshayaayi chaattavaaradippichu.
nanga seya enna thavoyan nemeo cavin tihaathuvine sandarshikkaan thavoy nadikku kuruke neenthi. siamese janathayodulla thavoyan asamthripthiyekkurichu arinja nemeo cavin tihathu, ellah barmees sainyavum aaa raathriyil thavoy pattanatthil praveshikkanamennu utharavittu. 1794 januvari 16nuu barmees tavoikethire sarvashakthamaaya akramanangal nadathukayum tavoyans barmees janathaykku kavaadangal thurakkukayum cheythu. thavoyiyile sayamese adhikaarikal thakarukayum yomaraj bannag ulppedeyulla sayamese udyogasthar kizhakode rakshappedukayum cheythu. tavoy pidicheduttha sesham barmees, tavoyan sainyam kizhakkan praanthapradeshangalile sayamese rejimentukal akramikkukayum avayellaam paraajayappedukayum pinvaangukayum cheythu. moonnu sayamese janaralmaraya mahasena ply, ratanafihit, yomaraj bannag ennivar raama onnaaman rajaavu thaamasichirunna hindadilek sayamese pinvaangaline nayichu, pakshe barmees sainyangal aduthu pinthudarnnu.
siamese janathaykku kanatha nashtam sambhavichu. moonnu siamese generalukalum raama onnaaman raajaavinte rajakeeya munnaniye nayikkunna "fraya" afay ronnaarittinte kyaambukalil ethi. moonnu generalukalum afay ronnarittinodu thante kyaambukalil abhayam thedaan aavasyappettenkilum afay ronnaaritt visammathichu, rajakeeya munnira surakshithamaakkuka ennathaanu thante joliyennum parajayappettaal rajakeeya sainyam apakadathilaakumennum paranju. moonnu generalukalum pinwangia bakkiyulla siamese afay ronnaaritt campukalkku munnil ennathil kooduthalulla barmeesumaayi poraadi. yomaraj bunnag rathanaafittum rakshappettengilum mahasena plii yudhathil kollappettu. addehathinte thala barmees trophiyayi eduthu. tavoyiyil seyamese paraajayathekkurichu arinja rajaavaaya raama onnaaman general pinwangan utharavittu.
siamese rajaavum addehathinte generalukalum kanchanaburiyile khwaay noyi nadiyilekku pinwangi. afay ronnaarittinte anuchithamaya pravartthanangal "samuha kalaham" allengil thekkan sayam pradhaanamanthriyaayirunna "chaavo fraya" mahasena pliyude maranathinu kaaranamaayenn raama onnaaman rajaavu roshakulanaayi. afai ronnaarittine kanchanaburiyil vachu vadhichu.
mergui yuddham.
rajakumaran mahaa suuraa sinhanat thinkoonil sayamese kappalppadayude nirmmaanathinu melnottam vahichu. nirmmaanam poortthiyaaya sesham, rajakumaran kraabooriyilekk maarukayum thanthaariyil ninnu seyamese kappalukale taaninthaari nadiyil ninnu nayikkaan tanoiyile karasenayumaayi chernnu barma akramikkaan tanoyiyil ninnu nayikkaan thanthaariyil ninnu seyamese kappalukale nayikkaan thanthaariyil ninnu seyamese kappalukale nayikkaan tanoyiyil ninnu seyamese kappalukale nayikkaan tanoyiyil ninnu seyamese kappalukale nayikkaan tanoyiyil ninnu seyamese kappalukale nayikkaan tanoyayil ninnu seyamese kappalukale nayikkaan tanoyayil ninnu seyamese kappalukale nayikkaan tanoya sainyathe nayikkaan tanoya sainyathe nayikkaan tanoya sainyathe niyogikkuka. avar ariyaathe, appozhekkum siamese ithinakam tavoyiyil parajayappettu. tavoiyile sayamese parajaya vaartha merguvil athiyappol, merguvi govarnor sethya-uu-chii barmees bhaagathekku madangaan theerumaanichu.
fraya" chasenyaakon thooriyan, "fraya" crycosa ennivar sayamese kappalpadaye thaninthari nadiyiloode sanjarichu athinte mukhathu merguiyil athiyappol, mergui barmeesilekk thirichethiyathaayi avar manassilakki. munnott pookunnathinupakaram, chasenyaakon thooriyan thuramukha nagaramaya mergui akramikkaan theerumaanichu. mergui theevramaayi bombitan addeham kappalukalil sayamese niyamangal upayogichenkilum nagaram veenilla. nagaratthe kooduthal aduthu akramikkaan nagarathinu thottaduthulla pahtaavu pahtettu enna dveepil erangiyathode chaasenyaakon thooriyan akramanam sakthamaakki. barmees prathirodha senaykk abhayam thedaan dwaarangal kuzhikkendivarunnavidham addeham mergui nagaratthil peerankigolukal adichu. bombaakramanangalkk sesham mergui nagaram nilaninnu.
siamikal tavoyiyil parajayappettuvennum rajaavu general pinwangan utharavittathaayum kraaburiyile rajakumaran mahaa suuraa singhaanathinu vaartha labhichu. athinaal, rajakumaran kappalpadaye oormmippichu. chasenyaakon thooriyan pinvaangalinaayi purappettappol, nemeo cavin thihaathuvinte neethrthwathilulla barmees sainyavum tirisasa daamaratthinte neethrthwathilulla kappal tavoyiyil ninnu merguiyiletthi. barmees sainyam pinvaangunna siyaameesil ozhukiyethi, chasenyaakon thooriyanu kraabooriyilekk thidukkathil pinvaangendivannu. siamese kappalppada thirichupoyi raanongil erangi, avide avar veendum barmees sainyathe kandumutty. sayamese kappalukal upekshikkaan theerumaanicha chasenyaakon thooriyan karayiloode pinwangi. barmees aduthu pinthudarnnittum, chasenyaakkon thooriyanu barmees akramanangal nadatthaan kazhiyukayum thante sainyathe surakshithamaayi chomphonylekku madangaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu.
nigamanam.
prins thado minso prachaaranangaliludaneelam paramonnatha kamaandaraayi rankoonilaanu thaamasichathu. 1794 januvariyode sayamese vamshajar kooduthalum tenassari theerathu ninnu purathaakkappettappol, rajakumaran thavoyiyude puthiya govarnore niyamichu amarapurayilekk madangi.
chaavo fraya" mahasena pliyude maranashesham, raama onnaaman rajaavu "fraya" yomaraj bunnagine "samuha kalaham" allengil thekkan sayam pradhaanamanthriyaayi niyamichu, "chaavo fraya" akka mahasena bunnag aayi.
tavoiyude muun gavarnaraayirunna nemeo cavin baankokkil thudarnnum thaamasikkukayum baankokkile tavoyan samoohathinte thalavanaakukayum cheythu. ekadesham irupathu varshathinusesham 1816-ll baankokkile barmees yudhathadavukaare jayilukal thakarkkukayum kalapam nadathukayum cheythu. nemeo kyaavidine goodaalochanayil ulppeduthukayum aaa avasarathil vadikkukayum cheythu.
tenasserimile konbaanginte niyanthranam ekadesham 70 varshatholam neendunilkkum. 1820-kalil, aadyathe anglo-barmees yudhathil, moonnaamathe rajaavu mergui pidichedukkukayum athinte nivaasikale nirbandhithamaayi maattukayum cheythukondu tenasserim theerathekku mattoru sainika paryaveshanam ayachu. ennirunnaalum, ithu britteeshukaarumaayi oru nayatantra sambhavathin kaaranamaayi, ithu raama moonnaaman thante sayamese paryaveshanam merguvil ninnu pinvalikkaan kaaranamaayi.
yudhathinushesham, barmees niyanthranatthilulla tenasserim theeratthinte bhagam brittanode verpeduthi, 1948 vare athu niyanthrikkukayum pinneedu athu puthuthayi swathanthramaaya miyaanmaarilekk maattukayum cheythu.