hablitsiya

hablitsiya janussile eaka inamaaya hablitsiya tummoids allengil kokkeshyan cheera, cocases mekhalayil ninnulla bhakshyayogyavum sasyajanyavumaaya vattaatha sasyamaan. beetta" yumayi bandhapetta amarantesee kudumbatthile upakudumbamaaya beetoyidiyilaanu ithu kaanappedunnath, ennaal aaa janussil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, venalkkaalath 3 meettaro athil kooduthalo uyaramulla oru munthirivalliyaanu ithu. deerghakaalam nilanilkkunna oru sasyasasyamaya vattaatha parvathaarohakanaan kokkeshyan cheera. vaasthavathil ithu athinte kudumbatthile valare kurachu munthirivallikalil onnaanu (kaadarit thudangiyavar. 2006)-oru srothass parayunnathupole, hablitsiya 'athinte uyaramulla malakayatta seelam kondu athu ethratholam savisheshavum thikachum aswaabhaavikavumaanu'. sweedante nortaljail valarunna oru chedikku 50 varshathiladhikam pazhakkamundennu report cheyyappedunna eee sasyam orupakshe athinte kudumbatthile ettavum kooduthal kaalam jeevicha sasyangalilonnayirikkaam. ithu 9 enna adisthaana chromosome nambarulla oru dvigunithamaanu (2n = 2x = 18) (darlington & vaili, 1955, p. 76).
vivaranam.
elakalum thandukalum.
kokkeshyan cheeraykku pachayum hridaya aakruthiyilulla (cordate) elakalundu, palappozhum cheruthaayi ilam, pakshe sereshano lobingo illaathe, ithu oru idungiya poyintilekku (acumate) churungunnu, chilappol avayil valare mriduvaaya, eathaandu silk romangalundu. haablitsiyayude ila-uparithalam erekkure maatt aanu, sirakal orotta, madhya achuthandinu chuttum krameekarichirikkunnu. thandukal saadhaaranayaayi pachayaanu, avayude neelam sradheyamaaya malancherivukalullathum chuvapp niratthil flush cheyyaavunnathumaayirikkum. anubandha cheeraykku samaanamaayi elakal bhakshyayogyamaanu.
pookkal.
hablitsiya pookkal vyakthigathamayi valare cheruthaanu, elakalekkaal ilam pacha, orupakshe pacha-manja, anchu pooyintulla cheria nakshathrangal poleyaanu, ithu norwegian peraaya staar-chenopod (baarsto 2014) ennartham varunna sjernemeldil prathifalikkunnu. racemos, paribhrantharaakal, koodaathe/allengil thyrsoid krameekaranathilaanu avaa dhaaraalamaayi janikkunnath. meyy avasaanam muthal juulai vare pookkal prathyakshappedunnu. pookkalkku sradheyamaaya gunamundu, athaanu avayude manam. vyakthigathamayi ithu prathyekamaayi ucharikkappedunnilla. pookkal dhaaraalamaayi undaakumbol polum, ningal athu valare akale ninnu shradhikkilla. ennaal ningal oru prathyeka pookkalulla hablitsiyayodu adukkukayaanengil, podicha malli (silaanto) ila pole thanne sugandham niranja vaayu ningal sradhichekkaam-athu valare asukhakaramaanu. chila aalukalkk malliyodulla sakthamaaya veruppu enthukondaanennathinu pinnil oru kathayundu ennathaanu rasakaramaaya kaaryam-orr 6eiii2 ennu vilikkunna ghraana-risapttar jeenukalude oru koottam, malliyude ruchiykk kaaranamakunnathupolulla aldehyde raasavasthukkalodu valare sensitiivu aaya oru prathyeka resepterine encode cheiyunnu. orupakshe hablitsiyayil bandhamillaattha pokkilumaayi samanamaaya samyukthangal adangiyirikkaam-anganeyaanengil allengil 6a2 hablitsiya pookkalekkurichulla nammude daaranayilum oru punk vahichekkaam. pookkal hermaphroditeanu.
vithukal.
hablitsiya cheruthum thilakkamullathumaaya karutha vithukal uthpaadippikkunnu, chilappol samriddhamaayi.
verukal.
sharathkaalath, rund chedikaludeyum aakaashabhaagangal veendum marikkunnu, ennaal tamas (allengil dioscoria) valuthum kramarahithavumaaya bhoogarbha kizhanguvarggathilekku pinvaangumbol, hablitsiyaykku ellaayppozhum athinte thala nilatthinu mukaliloo uparithalathodu valare adutho aayirikkum. shaithyakaalath polum, pazhaya thandukalude adiyil, kooduthalo kuravo neelamulla mukulangalo prarambha chinappukalo ulla oru kireedam ningalkk saadhaaranayaayi kaanam, avaa saadhaaranayaayi februvari vare nishkriyamaayi thudarunnu. praadhamika chinappupottalukalk chuttum, aadyathe flush kedaayaal (allengil kazhichaal) ettedukkaan thayyaraya niravadhi cheruthum dvitheeyavumaaya mukulangal undu, ningal chediyude adithattinu chuttumulla mannu shradhaapoorvvam neekkam cheythaal ithu kaanaan kazhiyum. idaykkide kireedangal nilathu ninnu uyarnnuvarikayo chuttumulla mannu kazhukippokukayo cheiyunnu-kattiyullathum mamsalavumaaya verukal thurannukaattukayum, avaa oru paridhivare kadal kaaliyeppole aayirikkukayum, nishkriyamaaya chedikku oru bhraanthan cadisifominte roopam nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
uyaram.
mathiyaya pinthunayode ekadesham moonnu meter uyarathil eluppathil valaraan hablitsiya sasyangalkk kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, avaykku tendrilukaloo sakkarukalo illa, avayude thandukal valare durbalamaayi valayunnathayi thonnunnu, athinaal pala clemettis speesheesukaleyum pole avaa valarunna gadanakalkku chuttum ila thandukal valachu kayarunnu. pinthunayude abhavam ullidathu, avaa nilathu eathaandu thirascheenamaayi vyaapichukidakkunnatho kandeynarinte arikukalilo uyarthiya kidakkayilo samanamaayatho aaya bhaagangalkk mukaliloode thaazhekku pathikkunnatho aaya valare santhoshamullathaayi thonnunnu. avarude janmadeshapradeshangaliludam, guhakal thurakkunna sthalangalil polum avaa thoongikkidakkunnathu nireekshikkappettundu.
thaddesheeya shreniyum valarunna avasthakalum.
athinte pothuvaaya peru soochippikkunnathu pole, ekadesham 2,100 maasal vare uyarathil valarunna cocusasil ninnaan hablitsiya varunnath. mikka reportukalum anusarichu varanda, elapozhiyum allengil mishrita vanangalilum vanangalilum, prathyekichu nizhal niranja sthalangalilum paarakalkkidayilum thaazhvarakalilum nadikalude theerangalilum ithu saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunnu. mikka goosefoot kudumbamgangalum poornna sooryaprakaasham eshtappedunna sthalangalil, kokkeshyan cheera-athinte cussin, good king henry (blittam bonus-henricus) pole-chila nizhal snehikkunna enangalil onnu, guhakalodulla savisheshamaaya aduppathil prathifalikkunna oru vastutha-permaakalchar aaktivistaaya 'kokkesasile bhakshya paryavekshanam vestsil' vestt, armenia parvathanirakalile oru guhayude pakuthi nilayude kooduthal bhaagath sasyangal vasikkunnathayi report cheiyunnu.
cocusus pole thanne, hablitsiya vadakkukizhakkan turkeyilum rekhappeduthiyittundu, avide athu swaabhaavikamaayi, athupole iraanil kooduthal kizhakkum greasil padinjaarum (assady 1983). scandinaviayiludaneelam (sweeden, finland, norway ennividangalil kuranjathu orennamenkilum) chitharikkidakkunna avashishtangalum vyakthigatha sasyangalum undennu steefan baarsto report cheiyunnu, ithu haablitsiyayude kauthukakaramaaya charithrathe prathifalippikkunnu.
charithram.
1800 kalude thudakkathil kokkasasile veettil ninnu hablitsiya europiludaneelam yaatra aarambhichathayi thonnunnu. 1828ll (baarsto 2014)-beebarsteen aadyamaayi vivarichu 11 varshathinu sesham-yukeyilum kyoo, kembridge botanical gaardanukalilum pathuvarshatthinushesham glassgoilum (laudan 1840) ithu valarthi. vividha vivarangalude bullattinil prathyakshappedunna avasana varshamaaya 1931 vare kyoovil chedikal undayirunnathaayi thonnunnu. hablitsiya valarthunna aadyathe botanical gaardanukalil onnaanu eee moonnu britiish sthaapanangal, pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthi vare mattidangalil athinte krishiyekkurichulla paraamarshangal pathivayi prathyakshappedaan thudangi.
peru.
anthaaraashtra shaasthra samoohathinaayi friedrich august marshell voonn beebarsteen memoirs dii laa sosaitti imperial dess naachuralistas dii mosco (tii. 5) enna grandhatthilaanu hablitsiya aadyamaayi vivarikkukayum rekhappeduthukayum cheythath. beebarsteenaanu ithinu sasyashaasthraparamaaya peru nalkiyathu. pathinettaam noottaandile prakrithishaasthranjanaaya kaal ludwig haablitsine paraamarsikkunna haablitsinte laattin pathippaanu pothuvaaya naamamaya hablitsiya. tummoids ennaal 'like' allengil 'saamyam' ulla tamus communis ennaanu ardham.
upayogikkunnu.
paachakam.
hablitsiya elakal asamskrithamaayo pakam cheytho kazhikkaam. cheruppakkaar prathyekichum ruchikaramaanu, pakshe prayamaayavar polum nalla bhakshanam kazhikkunnu-pakwata praapichukazhinjaal avarkk yadhaartha kayppu undaakilla. ennirunnaalum, poornna sooryaprakaashathil valarunna chedikalude pazhaya elakal, prathyekichu avaa varalcha sammarddam anubhavichittundenkil, pothuve nannayi pakam cheiyunnu.
elakalkku purame, ilaya thaikal, mriduvaaya munthirivalliyude agrangal, valarunna pookkal enniva pachakkariyayi upayogikkaam, veendum asamskrithamo pakam cheythatho aakam. sajeevamaaya valarcha aarambhikkumbol thaikal edukkaam, pakshe nishkriyamaaya/ardha-nishkriyamaayirikkumbol kireedatthil ninnu vilavedukkumbol prathyekichum nallathaanu, kaaranam eee ghattathil avikasithamaya elakal ippozhum irukiya pothinju mukalilekku madakkikkalayunnu, athinaal avaa thandinodu aduthu amarthunnu, ithu alpam kooduthal ganyamaaya pachakkari vare cherkkunnu, ithu alppam asparagus poleyaanu. enthinadhikam, seasoninte thudakkathil avaa palappozhum ettavum sradheyamaaya majanta niramaan. vilaveduppinu eathaanum aazhchakalkk munbu avaa blanch cheyyaanum kazhiyum, ithu avaye alppam maduramullathaakkum, pakshe avaa aaswadikkaan ithu oru tharatthilum aavasyamilla, kaaranam ningal avaa edukkumbozhellaam avaa ruchikaramaanu, vennayil varuth polum, kurachu naarangaaneerum uppum koodaathe/allengil kurumulak enniva dharichu.
vithukalum verukalum bhakshyayogyamaano ennu ariyilla.
poshakaahaara vivarangal.
valare adutha kaalam vare hablitsiyaykku vendathra poshaka vivarangal labhyamayittilla. ennirunnaalum, finlandile helsinghi sarvakalashaalayil leana nurmi chila pravartthanangal nadathiyittundu, 2016 ll hablitsiyayil ezhuthiya koynospinatti enna thalakkettilulla thante maastezhs theesisinte chila kandethalukal avar hablitsiya facebook groupile suhruthukkalodu pankittu. vishakalanathil hablitsiya elakalil carotenoidukal, folettukal, kaalsyam, magneeshyam, phoosphoorus, sink enniva uyarnna alavil adangiyittundennu kandethi. ooksaalik assid, naitrettu, cadmium, ledu thudangi niravadhi saadhaarana parimithappedutthunna gadakangalude alavum anuvadaneeyamaaya paridhikkullil aanennu kandethi. nyoosilaand cheerayude ("tetragonia tetragonioids") moolyangalumaayi haablitsiyayude moolyangal engane thaarathamyappeduthunnavum linayude patanam parishodhichu. puthiya bhaaratthinte adisthaanathil, carotenoidukal, folate, tokopherolukal, alfa-linolenic assid (oru omega-3 phaatti assid), protein, sukros, manganese ozhikeyulla matellaa dhaathukkalum trace gadakangalum ennivaykku kokkeshyan cheera kooduthalaayi alakkunnu.
mattu vivarangal samgrahikkunnathu hegnaur (1964) aanu, addeham flavenoidukalaaya kversettin, kempferol ennivayude saannidhyam report cheiyunnu, koodaathe hablitsiya elakalile polyphenolukal, kafeek assid, pii-comeric assid, ferrulic assid ennivayude saannidhyam (pii. 413). muzhuvan chediyilum methilaamain beetteyninte 1 sathamaanam (varanda bharam) adangiyittundennum avar report cheiyunnu, (p-ll staanekkum domin (1909/1910) udharikkunnu. 417).
beatoot, chenopodiasiyile mattu amgangal ennivareppole, ithu kooduthal vyaapakamaayi vitharanam cheyyappedunna antosayanins ennathinekkaal aalkkaloyidukalumaayi gadanaaparamaayi bandhapetta samyukthangalude oru vibhagamaaya beetaasayaaninukal uthpaadippikkunnu ennathaanu haablitsiyayude mattoru sradheyamaaya savisheshatha-athinaal thandukalilum elakalilum kaanunna chuvanna niramaan iva kaaranam.
alankaaram.
samriddhavum cheria velutha pookkalum manoharamaaya aakruthiyilulla elakalumulla manoharavum alankaaravumaaya malakayatta munthirivalliyaanu hablitsiya.
krishi.
poonthottatthil sthaanam.
nyayamaaya alavil nizhal sahikkaan hablitsiyaykku kazhiyum. vaasthavathil, sasyangal poornna sooryaprakaashathilum bhagika nizhalilum valarnnu, 1897 ll jools rudolph ezhuthiyathupole, randaamathethinu (pii. 329). prathyekichum, kaalukal thanalil vaykkunnathu gunam cheiyumennu thonnunnu-orupakshe ithu mannu thanuthathaayi nilanirthaanum varshathile ettavum chooderiya bhaagangalil kooduthal vellam nilanirthaanum sahayikkunnu. poornna sooryaprakaashathil chedikal thanne nannayi valarunnu, pakshe avaykku dhaaraalam vellam labhichillengil, aazhchakalolam thilangunna venalkkaala sooryaprakaasham oduvil elakalude gunanilavaaratthe baadikkukayum avayude pradhaanasthaanathulla janala cheruthaakkukayum cheiyunnu.
thanutha kaadinyam.
prachaarathilulla pala sasyangalum scandinavia vazhiyaan varunnath, avaa valare thanuthathum kadinavumaanu-chilath norwayude vadakke bhaagathulla finmaarkkil nilanilkkunnu, avaa-30 vare thapanilaye neridumennu ariyappedunnu (baarsto 2014). hablitsiyayile cocusus vanathile vanyajanavibhaagangal niravadhi aavaasavyavasthakal ulkkollunnu, ivayil chilath ganyamaaya uyarathil valarukayum nordic stokkinte kaadinyam pankidukayum cheythekkaam, pakshe avayellaam thaarathamyena aanenkilum athra kadinamayirikkaan saadhyathayilla.
mannu.
kokkeshyan cheera vividatharam manninte avasthaye sahikkunnathayi thonnunnu. ennirunnaalum, oru chedikku sahikkaan kazhiyunna avasthakalum athu thazhachuvalarunna avasthakalum orupoleyaayirikkanamennil, ennirunnaalum 'saadhaarana poonthotta mannil thazhachuvalarunnu' enna joonn vetharinte avakaashavaadathinu chila sathyangalund (1911, peju. 263), athu sarikkum oru saadhaarana poonthottatthile mannu enganeyaayirikkumennu ningal sangalppikkunnu ennathine aasrayichirikkunnu. enthaayaalum, oru pathittaand munbu, poonthotta sasyangalkkulla oru praayogika guidil, athinu 'nalla, sambannamaaya, kalimannu' aavasyamaanennu addeham ezhuthumbol, hablitsiyaykku kurachukoodi prathyeka aavasyangalundennu addeham kanakkakkiyathaayi thonnunnu (p.765). ithinodu yojichu, 1880 muthal eee pathratthil oru hrasvamaaya entry, kyoovil krishi cheiyunna oru chediyude abhoothapoorvamaaya oorjjam 'rund varsham munbu kalimannukaludeyum valathinteyum aazhathilulla adithattil nattathaanu' (anoon) ennu parayunnu. 1880, pii. 79).
drainage.
pradhaanamaanennu thonnunna rund gadakangal drainage piechum aanu. aadyamaayi valaraan thudangumbol kudikkaan hablitsiya eshtappedunnundengilum shaithyakaalath nananja kaalukalkk ithu aswasthathayundaakkunnathi thonnunnu. 1893 muthal thottakkaarante charithratthile oru entriyaayi ithu nannayi sthaapikkappettathaayi thonnunnu, 'shaithyakaalath verile varalchayude praadhaanyam manassil vaykkaan' vaayanakkaarod abhyarthikkunnu (anoon. 1893. pii. 236). thante puthiya sachitra encyclopedia oof gardeningle (1960) thomas evaratt ithu aavarthikkunnu 'eerppam thanuppukaalathu verukalkku maarakamaan' (p. 815).
piechu.
piechine sambandhichidatholam, hablitsiyaykku neutral allengil alkaline manninu mungananayundennu thonnunnu, ithu chenopodiasiyile pala amgangalum alkali-saalttukalude (soodiyam chloride, soodiyam carbonate, jipsum) uyarnna saandrathayulla mannil valarunnathil athishayikkanilla. durbalamaaya acidity mannil (ekadesham piechu 5) ithu nannayi pravarthikkunnathaayi thonnumenkilum, ningalude saarvathrika soochakam oru glass chartruz pole kaanaan thudangiyaal ningal orupakshe athinte paridhikkappurathekku thallukayaanu cheiyunnathu.
malakayatta pinthuna.
karsanamaayi aavashyamillengilum, mikka aalukalum kokkeshyan cheeraykku mukalilekko athiloodeyo kayaran enthengilum nalkaan eshtappedunnu. eathenkilum valia trellikal, garden obelisk, beane pooll vigwam allengil samaanamaayava nannayi pravartthikkanam, koodaathe niravadhi pazhaya srothassukal oru kamaanamo pergolayo moodunnathinu ithu upayogikkaan nirddeshikkunnu. ennaal orupakshe hablitsiyaykku pinthuna nalkaanulla ettavum thripthikaramaaya maargam oru jeevanulla trellikal upayogikkuka ennathaanu. oru maratthinte adiyil, prathyekichu elapozhiyum maratthinte adiyil vaykkunnathu, athil varshathinte thudakkathil oru thuranna melaapp undaayirikkum, angane uyarnnuvarunna chinappukalil alppam adhika velicham undaakum, ithu nannayi pravartthikkum. vaasthavathil, baagan hablitsiyaye 'oru maratthinte adithattil sthaapikkaan shupaarsha cheiyunnu, angane nerttha thandukalkku thumbiyil pattinilkkaanum thoovalukalulla pacha pookkalude valia thala vikasippikkaanum kazhiyum' (anoon. 1881, pii. 71). marangalkoppam, ningal valia kuttikkaadukal pareekshikkaan aagrahichekkaam.
keedangalum rogangalum.
aamayudeyo ila khananam cheiyunna beettil, cassida serafina vaarinteyo oru inathinte aathidheya sasyamaanengilum hablitsiya niravadhi keedangalo rogangalo anubhavikkunnathayi ariyappedunnilla. turkeyilum kasakkisthaanilum ninnulla hablitsiya. ila spott vairas sercospora bettikola upayogichu sasyangalkk vijayakaramaayi kuthivayppu nalkiyathaayi oru padanatthil report cheyyappettittund. uyarnna eerppamulla choodulla kaalavastha, prathyekichu varshathile ettavum chooderiya bhaagangalil, chedikalkku virayalo moshamo undaakkiyekkaamennum prethatthe upekshikkamennum chila nirddeshangalundu.
pracharanam.
vithukalil ninnu.
kokkeshyan cheera vithukalil ninno pracharippicha sasyangalil ninno valarthaam, rund reethikalum valare eluppamaanu. puthiya vithukal eluppathil mulaykkunnu, purathu vithaykkumbol avaa kooduthal thulyamaayum kuranja kaalayalavilum angane cheiyunnu, athesamayam thaapanila thaarathamyena thanuthathaanu, udha.jii. march, epril maasangalil. pothuve, prathyeka pree-treatment upayogikkunnilla, ennirunnaalum oru cheria kaalayalavile jaladosham-strittifikkeshan sahaayikkumenn chila aalukal kandethunnu. hablitsiya vithukal vithaykkumbol, avaye peett rahita compostinteyum manalinteyum mishrithatthinte uparithalathil chitharichukalayukayum hortikalcharal grittinte nerttha paali kondu moodukayum cheyyuka.
thaddesheeya paridhikkullil shekharicha vithukalil ninnu sasyangal valarthiyavar, mulaykkal vishwasaneeyamaayi kuravaayirikkaamennum deerghakaalathekku kramarahithamayi sambhavikkumennum report cheiyunnu.
hablitsiya pookkal hermaphroditeanu, sasyangal svayam phalabhooyishtamaanennu thonnunnu. ennirunnaalum, chila sasyangal mattullavayekkaal svayam anuyojyamaayirikkaam, kaaranam rando athiladhikamo janithakaparamayi vyathyasthamaaya sasyangal orumichu valarukayaanenkil maathrame sasyangal valia alavil vithu ulppaadippikkukayulloo ennu chilar kandethunnu. thaikal sluggukalkkum ochukalkkum irayaakumenkilum pakwathayulla hablitsiya palappozhum swathanthramaayi svayam vithu vithu undaakkunnu. nischithamaayi utharam labhikkatha oru chodyam hablitsiya vithukal pakwata praapichathinushesham ethranaal nilanilkkum ennathaanu. ennirunnaalum, hablitsiya facebook grouppinte suhruthukkalkkulla oru poost, anuyojyamaaya avasthayil ekadesham naalu varshatholam sookshichirunna vithukal mulaykkunna vijayam report cheiyunnu.
sasyajanyamaaya pracharam.
haablitsiyayude sasyajanya vyaapanathekkurich parayumbol, rund oopshanukal undu. matteth, ningal mattu koottam roopappedunna nithyasasyangaleppole, sthaapitha sasyangal uyarthukayum vibhajikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu. sajeevamaaya valarcha aarambhikkunnathin munbu nilavile seasonile valarcha veendum allengil adutha seasoninte thudakkathil avasaanichukazhinjaal ithu cheyyaanulla ettavum nalla samayamaan. murikkunnathum vijayakaramaan. chediyude adithattil ninnu cheria rogashanti upayogichu chinapupottalukal neekkam cheytha sesham-vasanthakaalathinte thudakkathil avaa valaraan thudangiyathinu thottupinnaale-ettavum kuranja elakal murichu, kurachu draavaka veroonnal hormon puratti, manal compostil, thanutha, nerittulla sooryaprakaashathil ninnu surakshithamaaya sthalathu vaykkuka. murikkalil ninnu aarambhicha chedikal aadya varshathil valare shakthamayi valarunnilla, ennaal sharathkaalathinte avasaanathode adutha seasonil valaraan thayyaraya chedikalude adithattil 5-10 mukulangal drishyamaakum. verukal murikkunnathiloode hablitsiya pracharippikkan kazhiyumo ennu urappilla.
aadya varshathe chedikal valare pathukkeyaanu valarunnathu, mikacha deerghakaala falangalkkaayi avayil ninnu avayude randaam varsham vare, chedikal kooduthal oorjjaswalamaakunnathuvare ningal valareyadhikam vilavedukkaruthennu shupaarsha cheiyunnu.

