multiface ozhukk

draavaka mechanicsil, rando athiladhikamo thermodynamic gattangalulla vasthukkalude oresamayam ozhukunna ozhukkaanu multiface phloo. arukkunna pambukalum turbineukalum muthal paper nirmmaanam, plaastikkinte nirmmaanam vareyulla ellah prosessing saankethikavidyakalilum eathenkilum tharatthilulla multiface phloo ulppedunnu. niravadhi prakrithi prathibhaasangalilum ithu vyaapakamaanu.
eee ghattangalil oru raasa ghadakam adangiyirikkaam (udha.jii. jalathinteyum neeraavinteyum ozhukk), allengil niravadhi vyathyastha raasa gadakangal (udha.jii. ennayudeyum vellathinteyum ozhukk). oru ghattam nirantharam bandhippichirikkunna oru pradesham kaivashappeduthukayaanenkil athine 'thudarchayaaya' ghattamayi tharamthirikkunnu (ghattam vichedikkappetta pradeshangal kaivashappeduthukayaanenkil 'chitharunnu' ennathinu vipareethamaayi). thudarchayaaya ghattam vaathakamo draavakamo aakam. disper ghattathil kharamo draavakamo vaathakamo adangiyirikkaam.
rund pothuvaaya topologykal thirichariyaan kazhiyum "chitharunna" ozhukkukalum "verthiricha" ozhukkukalum."aadyathethil parimithamaaya kanikakal, thullikal allengil kumilakal enniva adangiyirikkunnu, athesamayam randaamathethil interfaceukalaal verthirikkapetta rando athiladhikamo thudarchayaaya draavaka pravaahangal adangiyirikkunnu."
charithram.
multiface floyekkurichulla patanam fluid mekkaaniksinteyum thermodynamicsinteyum vikasanavumayi shakthamayi bandhappettirikkunnu. multiface phloo modeling cheiyunnathil upayogikkunna aarkkimideesinte thathwam ennariyappedunna boyancy niyamangal munnottuvacha siraakkasinte (bisi 250) aarkkimidikal oru pradhana aadyakaala kandethal nadatthi.
irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathil, nucleate thilappikkalil purogathi vikasippikkukayum praadhamikamaayi raasa, prakriya vyavasaayangalkkayi aadyathe rund ghatta mardha-drope modalukal roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. prathyekichum, lockhart martinelly (1949) thirascheenavum verthirichathumaaya rund ghattangalude ozhukkile gharshana marddatthinte oru maathruka avatharippichu, athu innum upayogikkunna oru paaraameettar avatharippichu. avatharippichu 1950num idayil, aerospace, aanava mekhalakalile theevramaaya pravartthanangal rund ghattangalude ozhukkinekkurichulla kooduthal padanangalkku kaaranamaayi. 1958ll soviyatt shaasthranjanaaya telettov rund ghattangalude ozhukkinekkurichulla aadyakaala chittayaya padanangalilonnu nadatthi. baker (1965) lambamaya ozhukk vyavasthakalekkurichu padanangal nadatthi.
nadatthi muthal, loka sambadvyavastha petroleum aashrayikkunnath vardhippichathinaal multiface ozhukk, prathyekichu enna vyavasaayathinte pashchaathalatthil, vishadamaayi padikkappettittund.
padikkappettittund vyathyastha pipe chaayvukalilekkum vyaasangalilekkum vyathyastha mardhangalilekkum ozhukkukalilekkum phloo paattenukal model cheythukondu multiface floyude kooduthal modeling kandu. kandu computing shakthiyile purogathi multiface phloo modeling cheiyunnathinulla sankeernamaaya modeling teknikkukalkku anuvadichu, munbu oru dimensional prasnangalil parimithappedutthiyirunna floye trimana modalukalilekku thallaam.
vyakthigatha ghattatthinte ozhukk alakkaan upayogikkunna multiface phloo metering saankethikavidya (emm. eph. emm) vikasippikkunnathinulla padhathikal 1990-kalil prathyakshappettu. pradhana vadakkan kadal ennappaadangalil ninnulla uthppaadanathil pravachanam cheytha idivaanu eee saankethikavidyaykku pinnile prachodanam. aadyakaala prototypeukal srishticha enna kambanikalil bipi, texaco enniva ulppedunnu, emfms ippol sarvavyaapiyaayi mariyirikkunnu, ippol puthiya feeld vikasanathinulla praadhamika metering parihaaramaan.
udaaharanangalum prayogangalum.
multiface ozhukk pala prakrithi prathibhaasangalilum pathivayi sambhavikkunnu, koodaathe vividha vyavasayangalil ithu nannayi rekhappeduthukayum nirnaayakavumaan.
prakrithiyil.
nadikalile avashishta gathagatham multiface ozhukkinu vidheyamaan, athil suspended kanikakal thudarchayaaya draavaka ghattavumayi samvadikkunna oru chitharikkidakkunna randaam ghattamayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
cheria thothil multiface floyude oru udaaharanam sushira gadanakalkkullilaayirikkum. paarakaliloodeyulla bhoogarbha jalathinte ozhukk polulla sushira maadhyamangaliloode volumetric ozhukk nirakk kanakkakkaan pore-structure modeling darsey niyamathe prapthamaakkunnu. rakthayottam (plasma draavaka ghattavum chuvanna rakthaanukkal khara ghattavum aayathinal) polulla jeevikalude shareerathinullil kooduthal udaaharanagal sambhavikkunnu. manushyashareeratthinte kudalpradeshathinullil, kharabhakshanakanangalum vellavum oresamayam ozhukunnu.
vyavasaayathil.
prosessing saankethikavidyayude bhooribhaagavum multiface phloo ulkkollunnu. vyavasaayathile multiface floyude oru saadhaarana udaaharanam draveekritha kidakkayaanu. eee upakaranam oru khara-draavaka misritham samyojippikkukayum athu oru draavakam pole neengaan kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. jalathinte vaidyuthavishleshanam, nuclear reactorukalile kumilakalude ozhukk, jwalana reactorukalile vathaka-kanangalude ozhukk, pulp, paper vyavasaayathinullile fiber suspension ozhukkukal enniva mattu udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu.
enna, vathaka vyavasayangalil, multiface ozhukk palappozhum enna, vellam, vaathakam ennivayude oresamayam ozhukunnathine soochippikkunnu. oru raasa kuthivayppo vividha tharatthilulla inhibittarukaloo ulla chila mekhalakalile ozhukkinte gunangalkkum eee padam baadhakamaan. petroleum enchineeyaringil, drilling draavakam oru vathaka-khara ghattam ulkkollunnu. koodaathe, pipe lainukaliloodeyulla ozhukkinte samayat asamskritha enna oru vathaka-enna-jala tritala ozhukkaanu.
tharangal.
vathaka-draavaka ozhukk, vathaka-khara ozhukk, draavaka-draavaka ozhukk, draavaka-khara ozhukk enniva ulppedunna rund gattangalilulla ozhukkukalaanu multiface pravaahangalude ettavum saadhaaranamaaya vibhaagam. eee ozhukkukal ettavum kooduthal padikkappedukayum vyavasaayathinte pashchaathalatthil ettavum thaalpparyamullavayumaan. multiface floyude vyathyastha paattenukale phloo rejimukal ennu vilikkunnu.
rund gattangalulla draavaka-vathaka pipeline ozhukk.
paippukalile ozhukk paattenukal niyanthrikkunnath paippinte vyaasam, draavakangalude bhauthika gunangal, avayude ozhukk nirakk ennivayaanu. vegathayum vathaka-draavaka anupaathavum vardhikkumbol, "kumilayude ozhukk" "moodalmanjinte ozhukk" aayi maarunnu. uyarnna draavaka-vathaka anupaathangalil, draavakam thudarchayaaya ghattam roopappeduthukayum kuranja moolyangalil athu disper ghattam roopappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. plug, slug floyil, vaathakam draavakathekkaal vegathil ozhukunnu, draavakam oru 'slug' roopappeduthunnu, athu verpeduthappedukayum adutha draavaka slug pidikkunnathuvare vegatha kurayukayum cheiyunnu.
lambamaya ozhukk" yill aksheeya samamiti nilavilundu, koodaathe ozhukk paattenukal kooduthal sthirathayullathaanu. ennirunnaalum, eee vyavasthayil slug phloo aandolanangal sambhavikkam. thirascheenamaaya ozhukk vyavasthakal ivide prayogikkaan kazhiyum, ennirunnaalum, paippinte dishayil pravartthikkunna boyancy fozhsu kaaranam kanangalude kooduthal thulyamaaya vitharanam nammal kaanunnu.
slug ozhukk thakaraarilaakumbol marnn phloo sambhavikkunnu, ithu draavakathinte andolana chalanamulla asthiramaaya oru vyavasthayilekku nayikkunnu.
vaarshika pravaahathil nilanilkkunna draavaka 'whisps' aanu visi vaarshika pravaahatthinte savisheshatha. pipe moodunna draavaka philimile adangiyirikkunna thullikalude valia saandrathayude eakaagrathayaayirikkaam kaaranam. uyarnna maas flexukalilaanu eee vyavastha sambhavikkunnath.
draavaka-khara ozhukk.
draavaka ghattathil soolid kanikakal chitharikkidakkunna ozhukkukalaanu hydrolic gathaagathathil ulppedunnathu. avaye palappozhum slurry floss ennu vilikkunnu. kalkary ayirum cheliyude ozhukkilekku kondupokunnathu prayogangalil ulppedunnu.
suspensionukale inipparayunna grouppukalaayi tharamthirickunnu; draavakathinullil kanikakal orepole vitharanam cheiyunna "phine suspensionukal", thirashcheena paippinte thaazhathe pakuthiyil draavakathekkaal kuranja vegathayilum lamba paippile draavakathekkaal ganyamaayi kuranja vegathayilum sanjarikkunna "parukkan suspensionukal".
vathaka-khara pipeline ozhukk.
kemikkal enchiniyaring, power enchiniyaring, metallurgical enchiniyaring ennivayil vathaka-khara rund ghattangalude ozhukk vyaapakamaayi nilavilundu. anthareeksha malineekaranavum pipe mannolipum kuraykkunnathinum uthppannathinte gunanilavaaram mechappeduthunnathinum prakriyayude karyakshamatha mechappeduthunnathinum, numatic kanvaiying (ozhukk prerippikkaan sammarddamulla vaathakam upayogikkunnathu) vazhi rund ghattangalude ozhukk alakkunnathinulla phloo paaraamettarukal kooduthal vyaapakamaayikkondirikku.
moonnu ghattangalum athinu mukalilum.
moonnu gattangalulla ozhukkukalkkum praayogika praadhaanyamund, udaaharanagal inipparayunnavayaanu
multiface ozhukkinte paridhi moonnu ghattangalil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyittilla. naalu ghattangalude ozhukk" enna samvidaanathinte oru udaaharanam nerittulla sanbarkka freeze chrystalisation aayirikkum, udaaharanathinu, beautain draavakam christalukal roopappedenda laayaniyilekk kuthivaykkukayum draavaka byootteyninte baashpeekaranatthinte falamaayi freesing sambhavikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee saahacharyathil, naalu gattangal yathaakramam beautain draavakam, beautain neeravi, layikkunna ghattam, kristalin (khara) ghattam ennivayaanu.
savisheshathakal.
modeling.
onniladhikam ghattangalude saannidhyam kaaranam, single phase floyude avasthakalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol floyude swabhaavam vivarikkunnathilum alakkunnathilum ganyamaaya sankeernathakalundu. oro ghattathinteyum vegathayekkurichulla arivillaayma kaaranam vegatha vitharanam kanakkakkaan prayaasamaan.
navier-stokks samavaakyangal pariharichukondu draavaka ghattathe oru thudarchayaayi kanakkaakkunna euler-langranch reethi ulppede multiface phloo model cheiyunnathinu niravadhi vazhikalundu. chitharikkidakkunna ghattam pariharikkappedunnathu dhaaraalam chitharikkidakkunna kanikakal, kumilakal allengil thullikal enniva traakkucheyyunnaathiloode. chitharikkidakkunna ghattathinu draavaka ghattavumayi aakkam, pindam, oorjjam enniva kaimaran kazhiyum.
oro ghattathinum vooliyam-sharashari maas kansarveshan samavaakyamaan euler-euler rund ghatta pravaahatthinte savisheshatha. eee maathrkayil, chitharunnathum thudarchayaayathumaaya ghattam draavakangalaayi kanakkakkunnu. oro ghattathinum oru vooliyam fraction enna ashayam avatharippikkunnu, chuvadeyulla paaraameettar vibhaagathil charcha cheiyunnu.
thudarchayaaya multiface flossine tharamthirikkunnathinulla ettavum lalithamaaya reethi oro ghattatheyum swathanthramaayi kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu pariganikkuka ennathaanu. ennathaanu soviyatt shaasthranjar aadyamaayi nirddeshicha ekeekritha pravaaha maathruka ennaanu eee ashayam ariyappedunnathu. eee modelle anumanangal ivayaanu
paaraamettarukal.
paippukalile multiface floyk, oro ghattathinteyum maas phloo nirakk eee samavaakyam upayogichu nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum
<kanakk> g = \dot {m} = \lim\limt _ {\delta t\writarro 0} \frac {\delta m} {\delta t} = \frac

