
inder kumar gujral

1997 epril muthal 1998 march vare indiayude panthrandaamatthe pradhaanamanthriyaayi sevanamanushticha oru indian nayathanthranjanum raashtreeyakkaaranum swaathanthrya pravarthakanumaayirunnu inder kumar gujal (1919 desember 4-2012 november 30).
panchaabil janicha addeham oru vidyaarthiyenna nilayil deseeya aashayangalal swaadheenikkappedukayum akhilenthyaa vidyaarthi federationilum communist party oof indiayilum cherukayum cheythu. kvitt india prasthaanatthil pankedutthathinu addeham jaililaayi. swaathanthryaanantharam 1964ll indian naashanal kongras partyil chernna addeham rajyasabhayil paarlament amgamaayi.
adiyantharaavasthakkaalathu addeham vaarthaavitharana prakshepana manthriyaayirunnu. 1976ll addeham soviyatt unionile indiayude ambaasadaraayi niyamithanaayi. 1996ll addeham deva gauda manthraalayathil videshakaarya manthriyaayi, eee kaalayalavil gujral sidhaantham vikasippichu. 1997ll addeham indiayude panthrandaamatthe pradhaanamanthriyaayi niyamithanaayi. addehathinte kaalavadhi oru varshathil thaazhe maathrame neenduninnulloo.
1998ll ellah rashtreeya sthaanangalil ninnum viramicha addeham shwaasakosha anubaadhaye thudarnnu ashupathriyil praveshippikkappettathi thudarnnu 2012ll 92-aamm vayassil marichu.
adyakaalavum vyakthiparavumaaya jeevitam.
kudumbam.
1919 desember 4 nuu oru panchabi hindu khathri kudumbatthil avathar naren, pushpa gujral ennivarude makanayi britiish indiayile avibhajita panchaabile sohawa thaalookkile parii darvesa graamatthil janichu. addeham dii. yill padichu.eiii.vii. koleju, hailey koleju oof komezhs, lahorile forman kristhyan koleju ennivayellaam panchab sarvakalaashaalayumaayi affiliate cheythittullavayaanu. akhilenthyaa vidyaarthi federationil amgamaayirunnu. indian swaathanthrya samarathilum pankeduttha addeham 1942ll kvitt india prasthaanatthil jayilil kidannu. oru vidyaarthiyenna nilayil addeham communist party oof indiayil amgamaayi. uma nanda, sunita ennee rund sahodarimaarum addehathinundu. 1945 meyy 26nuu inder kumar gujal sheela gujaarine (1924 januvari 24-2011 juulai 11) vivaham kazhikkukayum raajya sabhaa empiyaaya naresh gujal (1948 meyy 19nuu janichu), vishal gujal ennee rund aanmakkal janikkukayum cheythu. ikk gujraalinte ilaya sahodaran sateesh gujral lokaprashasta chitrakaaranum shilpiyumaayirunnu.
vidyaabhyaasam.
gujaarinte hobikalil kavita ulppedunnu; addeham urudu samsaarikkukayum maranashesham addeham chansalar padavi vahicha sthaapanamaaya moulaana azad naashanal urudu sarvakalashaala addehathe bhaashayude premiyaayi prashamsikkukayum cheythu. prashastha kavayitriyaaya addehathinte bhaarya sheela gujal 2011 juulai 11nuu asukhathe thudarnnu antharichu. eee dambathikalkku raajyasabhayile shiromani akaalidal empiyaaya naresh, vishal ennee rund aanmakkalundaayirunnu. eee dambathikalkku rund perakkuttikalum oru kochumakanumaanu ullathu.
aadyakaala raashtreeyam.
1958ll puthiya dalhi munisippal kammittiyude vais presidentaaya gujral 1964ll kongras partyil (ink) chernnu. indiraagaandhiyumaayi aduppamundaayirunna addeham 1964 eprilil rajyasabhayil amgamaayi. 1975 juun adiyantharaavasthakkaalathu gujral vaarthaavitharana prakshepana manthriyaayirunnu, avide indiayile sensorship samayat maadhyamangalude chumatala vahikkukayum dooradarshante chumatala vahikkukayum cheythu. 1976 vare sevanamanushtikkaan addeham veendum raajyasabhayilekku thiranjedukkappettu. jalavibhava mantriyaayum sevanamanushtichu. pinneedu, indira gaandhi soviyatt unionile indiayude ambaasadaraayi niyamikkapetta gujral morarji desai, charan singh ennivarude bharanakaalathu avide thudarnnu. maadyama sensarshippumaayi bandhappett pradhaanamanthriyude makan sanjay gaandhiyumaayulla samgharshangal kaaranam addehathe manthraalayathil ninnu purathaakkiyathaayi abhyoohamundaayirunnu, pakaram party lineukal pinthudaraan oru madiyumillaatha vidyaa charan shukla niyamichu; thudarnnu addehathe aasoothrana manthraalayathilekku maatti.
janata dhall.
1980kalil indian naashanal kongras partyil ninnu gujral raajivachu. thudarnnu addeham janata dalil chernnu. 1989leeii indian pothutheranjeduppil panchaabile jalandharil ninnaan gujral thiranjedukkappettathu. pradhaanamantri vii. yill addeham videshakaarya manthriyaayi sevanamanushtichu. pii. singhinte pathinonnaamatthe indian manthrisabha. 1989ll rubaiah sayeedine thattikkondupoya kuttavalikalumaayi charcha nadatthaan singh addehathe srinagarilekku ayachu. indian pravaasikal surakshitharaanennu urappakkunnathinaayi sadvishvaasam prakadippikkunnathinaayi sadaam hussaine kettippidichathum gulf yudhasamayathu addeham vivaadangal srishtichu. 1991leeii indian pothutheranjeduppil bihaarile patnayil ninnaan gujral malsarichathu. ennaal, 'kramakkedukal' undenna parathiye thudarnnu thiranjeduppu raddaki. 1992ll laalu prasad yaadavinte sahaayathode gujral raajyasabhayilekku thiranjedukkappettu.
1996leeii thiranjeduppinu sesham, echu. pradhaanamanthriyude neethrthwathil aikyamunnani sarkkar roopeekarikkappettu. dii. govda, gujral veendum videshakaarya manthriyaayi thiranjedukkappettu. eee kaalayalavil addeham indiayude ayalrajyangalumaayi mechappetta bandhathinu oonnal nalkukayum pradhaanamanthriyaayappol parishkarikkappedukayum cheytha 'gujral sidhaantham' vikasippichu. vaarthavinimayam, paarlamentari karyangal, vivara prakshepana, pravartthanam, bhavananirmmanam, aasoothranam thudangi niravadhi vakuppukal addeham kendra manthriyaayo sahamanthriyaayo sevanamanushtichu.
indian naashanal kongras party aikyamunnani sarkkaarine purathuninnu pinthunachukondirunnu, ennaal nilavile pradhaanamantriye mattaanulla aagraham choondikkaatti pinthuna pinvalikkaan theerumaanichu; ithu 1997 eprilil sarkkaarinte thakarchayilekku nayichu. idakkaala thiranjeduppu ozhivakkaan, oru vittuveezhchayil athichernnu oru puthiya nethaavinte keezhil mattoru aikyamunnani sarkkaarine pinthunaykkaan incorporation sammathichu, pradhanappetta theerumaanangal edukkunnathinu munbu koodiyaalochikkappedaathum paarshwalkkarikkappedunnathu polulla aashankakal pariharikkapettu. aikyamunnani gujaarine athinte puthiya nethaavaayi thiranjedukkukayum 1997 epril 21nuu addeham pradhaanamanthriyaayi sathyaprathinja cheyyukayum cheythu.
pradhaanamantri (1997-1998).
laalu prasad yadav, mulaayam singh yadav ennivarulppedeyulla mattullavarkkidayil samavaaya sthaanaarthiyaayi gujal pradhaanamanthriyaayi; addehathinte sarkkaarine purathuninnulla incorporation pinthunachu. addehathinte bharanathinte aadya aazhchakalil, central beuro oof investigation bihar governorode anumathi thedi. aarr. kaalitheetta kumbhakonavumayi bandhapetta azhimathi kesil samsthaana mukhyamanthri laalu prasad yaadavine vichaarana cheyyaanulla neekkathinu kidway anumathi nalki. prosecutionil ninnu rakshappedaan yaadavinu kazhiyillennu niyamapandithanmaar polum paranju. thudarnnu, yaadavinte raaji ikyamunnanikku akathum puratthum ninnu unnayichu. yunaittad frond, telung desham party nethaavu chandrababu nayiduvum communist party oof india (maarksist) general sekrattari harkishan singh surjeet yaadavinum mattu arjeddy amgangalkkum ethire nadapadiyedukkanamennum mattu arjeddy amgangal raajivaykkanamennum aavasyappettu. dii. prathi arjeddy amgangalaaya kanthi singh, raaghavansh prasad singh, kyapttan jayy naarayan nishad ennivare pirichuvidaan aavasyappetta devu gaudayum raam vilas paswan. incorporation chairperson sitaram kesri yaadavinte rajikk cheria ahvaanangal nalkiyengilum, yadav thante pinthuna nedunnathinaayi bihaarile eathu loksabha mandalathil ninnum malsarikkaan gujral pinthuna vaagdaanam cheythu. ennaal, eee vishayathil gujal mounam palikkukayum pinneedu vivaadamaaya reethiyil yadav cases anweshikkunna sii. bii. aii director joginder singhine sthalam maattukayum pakaram aarr. sii. sii. bii. aiye nerittu niyanthrikkunnath gujral aanennum niravadhi sensational kesukal anweshikkunnathinte vegatha ippol theerchayaayum kurayumennum sharmma paranju."ennirunnaalum, 1997ll svanthamaayi rashtreeya janathaadal roopeekarikkunnathinumbu, jeey. dii nethaavu sharat yadav yaadavine partyil ninnu purathaakki.
1997ll utharpradeshil rashtrapathy bharanam earppeduthaanulla shupaarsha addehathinte sarkkaarinte mattoru vivaadaparamaaya theerumaanamaayirunnu. kalyaan singhinte neethrthwathilulla bharatheeya janata party (bii. jeey. pii) uttarpradesh sarkkar niyamasabhayil akramavum akramasakthamaaya ramgangalum nadannathine thudarnnu vishwaasavotteduppu aavasyappettu. ennaal, president keey.aarr. shupaarshayil oppidaan narayanan visammathikkukayum punaparisodhanaa harjikkayi athu sarkkaarin thirike ayaykkukayum cheythu. utharpradeshil rashtrapathy bharanathinethire allahabad haikodathiyum vidhi purappeduvichu. samagramaya pareekshana nirodhana udambadiyil oppuvekkunnathineyum addeham ethirthu.
1997 august 28nuu jaina kammeeshan report sarkkaarin samarppikkukayum november 16nuu chornnolikkukayum cheythu. rajeev gaandhi vadhathinte goodaalochana vashangalekkurich kammeeshan anweshikkukayum gaandhiyude kolapaathakatthil prathikalaaya thamizh theevravaadikale nishabdamaayi pinthunachathinu narsimha raavu sarkkar polulla dravida munnetta kalagam (dii. emm. keey) yeei vimarsikkukayum cheythirunnu. kendratthil bharanakakshiyaya sakhyathinte bhagamaayirunna dii. emm. keey. kku kendramanthrisabhayil manthrimaarundaayirunnu. paarlamentil report samarppikkanamenn kongras aadyam aavasyappettenkilum dii. emm. keyum thamizh manila kongrasum thammilulla poraattam dii. emm. keyude sarkkaaril ninnu pinmaarunnathilekku nayikkumennu bhayann gujral athu nirasichu. sitaram keshari eee theerumaanathekkurichu ariyichathinu sesham report padikkaan gujral pinneedu oru samyuktha paarlamentari samiti roopeekarichu, athu keshari amgeekarichu. reportil ulppetta aarenkilum raajivaykkanamennu aavasyappedumennu paarlamentari party nethaavu sharad power paranju. apdettukalekkurichu avare ariyikkaan gujral sarkkaarine vilikkukayum dii. emm. keye pinthunaykkunnuvennu parayukayum cheythu. dii. emm. keey. yude vyavasaya mantri murasoli maaran paranju "njangal aikya munnaniyude bhagamaanu. nammal orumichu nilkkukayum veezhukayum cheyyum. enikku athil nooru sathamaanam aathmavishwaasamundu. aikyamunnaniye takarkkaan athra eluppamaayirunnenkil athine vighadanamunnani ennu vilikkum. adhikaarathinte kurachu appangalkkayi aarum avarude sahapravarthakare upekshikkaan pookunnilla. njangalkk raajivaykkaan oru kaaranavumilla. recycle cheytha vaarthakal niranjathaanu report. ithil njettikkunna onnumilla, report enthaanu parayunnathennu ellaavarkkum ithinakam ariyaam. januvari 28nuu oru madras kodathi kolapaathakatthil criminal kesil vidhi parayumennu prathekshikkunnu. aaraan bheeruthvaparamaaya pravrithiyil ulppettathennu arian athuvare kaathirikkaam. athuvare ithellaam thettaaya vivarangalaanu."ennirunnaalum, thamizhnaattile sakhyasarkkaarilundaayirunna dii. emm. keey. ettedukkunna ellah nadapadikalum pankuvaykkanamennu thamizh manila kongras aavasyappettu. 1997 november 20nuu report avatharippichu. athe divasam thanne paarlamentil prakopanaparamaaya ramgangal undaayirunnu, dii. emm. keye manthrisabhayil ninnu neekkam cheyyanamennu incorporation aavasyappettathum athu sambhavikkunnathuvare paarlamentari charchakalilonnum pankedukkaan visammathichathum. speaker pii.eiii. thudarnnu samghma sabha nirtthivachu. oru dii. emm. keey nethaakkaleyum pirichuvidillennu paranju gujral kesrick oru kathu ayachathine thudarnnu november 28 nuu incorporation thante sarkkaaril ninnulla pinthuna pinvalichu. pinvaangalinethudarnnu gujral raajivaykkukayum president keey. aarr. narayanan ingane ezhuthi "ente sarkkaarin bhooripaksham nashtappettu, dhaarmika adisthaanathil adhikaarathil thudaraan agrahikkunnilla", ennaal paarlament pirichuvidaan aavasyappettitla. president raaji sweekarichu, pakshe gujral idakkaala padaviyil thudaraan aavasyappettu. kongras sramikkunna oru sarkkaarine pinthunaykkaan ellah mathethara paarttikaleyum swaagatham cheiyunnuvennu incorporation general sekrattari ooskaar fernandes paranju."yuu" yuu anuvadikkillennu paranjukondu, tmc cheythathupole, thangal incorporatineyo bharatheeya janata party pinthunaykkillennu paranjukondu aikyamunnani nethaavu chandrababu naayiduvin ellah gadakakakshikaludeyum pinthuna labhichu.pii.-kendratthil sambhavikkunna sahacharyam pole."samanamaaya alavil, bijepi leader emm. puthiya sarkkar roopeekarikkaanulla party shramangale party paraajayappedutthumennu venkaiah naidu paranju. thudarnnu desember 4nuu rashtrapathy paarlament pirichuvidukayum oru munkoor thiranjeduppinu thudakkamidukayum cheythu.
indiraagaandhi (januvari 1966-march 1969), echu. dii. deve gauda (juun 1996-epril 1997). manmohan singh (meyy 2004-meyy 2014) avare pinthudarnnu.
oru pradhaanamanthriyenna nilayil velliyaazhcha raavile pothujanangale kandumuttunnathinayi neekkivaykkunna oru reethi gujraalinu undaayirunnu.
gujral sidhaantham.
indiayude adutha ayalrajyangalumaayi, prathyekichu paakkisthaanumaayi, gujal paranjathupole, videsabandham nayikkunnathinulla anchu thathwangalude oru koottamaanu gujal sidhaantham. pathrapravartthakanaaya bhabani seen gupta pinneedu anthaaraashtra kaaryangalil "irupathiyonnaam noottaandile india" enna lekhanathil eee sidhaanthathe angane visheshippichu. 1996 septambaril addeham chaatham hausil (pinneedu bandaranaayake sentar phoor internaashanal stadeesil addeham aavarthicha) nadatthiya prasamgatthil eee thathwangal ivayaanu
eee sidhaanthathekkurichulla thante aathmakadhayil addeham ezhuthi "vadakkum padinjaarum rund shatru ayalkkaare abhimukeekarikkendivannathi, eee mekhalayile paakisthaante, chainayude swaadheenam niyanthrikkunnathin matellaa adutha ayalkkarumaayum namukk 'poornna samadhaanam' pularthendathundu ennathaanu gujral sidhaanthathinu pinnile yukthi."
2008leeii mumbai aakramanathode avasaanicha paakisthaanil ninnaan uthbhavichathennum aasoothranam cheythathennum indian maadyamangalum sarkkarum 2000kaliludaneelamulla aakramanangalude oru parambarayetthudarnnu, gujal sidhaanthathe indian maadyamangal vimarshichu. aakramanathethudarnnu, lashkar-iii-tayba polulla paakistaan samghadanakalkkethiraaya lakshyamidunna, rahasyamaaya akramanangal oru "sheshiyaanenn" "india tude" paranju.keey. oru pathittaand munbu pradhaanamanthriyaayi pirichuvitta gujral punarnirmikkaan oru varshathiladhikam edukkum."gujal sidhaanthathinte pradhana thirichadi paakisthaanile pravartthanangal nadathaanulla aarr & eiii. yuvinte (gaveshana, vishakalana vibhaagam) kazhivil athu cheluthiya durbalappeduthunna swaadheenamaanennu parayappedunnu. addehathinte utharavanusarichu paakkisthaante aarr & eiii. yuvinte prathyeka ooppareshans desk adachupootti, ithu indiayude rahasyaanveshana seshiyil valia vidavukalkk kaaranamaayi. cargill yuddham aarambhikkunnathin munbulla indiayude "rahasyaanveshana paraajayathinu" pradhana kaaranamaayi vishakalana vidagdhar ithine veendum veendum kuttappeduthunnu. atharam prathyaaghaathangalodulla gujraalinte ashradhayum intho-paaku bandhangalil mudra pathippikkanulla addehathinte aagrahavumaan addeham ithu cheythathennu parayappedunnu. ennaal, ithu maadyamangalil prashamsikkappedukayum cheythu.
1998 februvari-march maasangalil nadanna akaala thiranjeduppu. shiromani akaalidalinte pinthunayode janata dhal sthaanaarthiyaayi jalandharil ninnu gujral veendum malsarichu. 1980kalilum 1990kaludeyum thudakkathil panchaabile kalapathinethiraaya chelavu kendra sarkkar panchab samsthaana sarkkarinoppam pankidumennu pradhaanamantri aayirunnappol gujral prakhyaapichathinaal akaalidal, bjpyude neethrthwathilulla sakhyathinte bhaagamaanenkilum, gujraaline pinthunaykkaan theerumaanichu.
pradhaanamanthriyaayirikke avasaanichathinu sesham club dii madridil amgamaayirunnu gujral.
rogavum maranavum.
shwaasakosha anubadha kandethiyathine thudarnnu 2012 november 19 nuu haryanayile (deseeya thalasthaana mekhalayude bhagam) gurgaavile medanta ashupathriyil gujraaline praveshippichu. oru varshathilere neenda dialysisinu sesham ashupathriyil praveshippikkunnathin eathaanum divasangalkku munbu addehathinu gurutharamaaya nench anubaadhayundaayirunnu. ashupathriyil addehathinte aarogyam vashalaayennum "valare guruthara" maanu ennum reportund. november 27nuu addeham abodhaavasthayilaavukayum moothrathinte ulppaadana samvidaanam pravartthanam nirthukayum cheythu. thante 93-aamm janmadinathinu naalu divasam munbu 2012 november 30-nuu gujral antharichu. addehathinte mrithadeham pittennu uchavare 5 janpathile audyogika vasathiyil kidannu. india sarkkar ezhu divasathe dukhaacharanam prakhyapikkukayum desember 6 vare audyogika pravartthanangal raddaakkukayum cheythu. desember 1nuu samata sthalathinaduthulla aii. dii. 1ll addehathinu audyogika shavasamskaram nadatthi. aabhyantharamanthri sushil kumar shinde addehathinte maranam paarlamentil ariyikkukayum thudarnnu irusabhakalum nirtthivaykkukayum cheythu. desember 3nuu addehathinaayi anushochana paraamarshangal nadannu.
rashtrapathy pranab mukharji, pradhaanamantri manmohan singh, bihar mukhyamanthri nitish kumar, arjeddy chairman laalu prasad yadav ennivaril ninnaan prathikaranangal undaayath. niyamamantri ashwani kumar, veerappa moily, gulam nabi azad thudangiya emm. pii. emmil ninnulla mattu pettennulla prathikaranangal vannu. puthiyathum punarupayogikkaavunnathumaya oorjja mantri farookh abdullah anushochanam ariyikkukayum "nayatantra, rashtreeya ramgangalile niravadhi nettangalkku oormmikkappedunna oru raashtreeyakkaaranum nayathanthranjanum maanavikavaadiyumaayirunnu"; athesamayam raasavala, raasavala sahamantri srikant kumar jena gujralinu "asaadhaaranamaaya vyakthithvavum dhairyavum budhiyum" undaayirunnu ennum "asaadhaaranamaaya dhairyavum budhiyum ulla vyakthiyaayirunna muun pradhaanamantri shree inder kumar gujraalinte niryaanathil innu njangal angeyattam dukkhikkunnu" ennum paranju."kendra manthrisabha oru prasthavana puratthirakki" "addehathinte maranathil, indiakku oru mahanaaya desasnehi deerghaveekshanamulla nethaavum swaathanthryasamara senani nashtappettu"."incorporation chairperson sonia gaandhi gujraalinte makan empy naresh gujralinu kathezhuthi..antharicha nethaavinu rashtreeya ramgangaliludaneelam nanmayum sauhrudavum nedaanulla kazhivundaayirunnu. eee gunangalum addehathinte vyakthithvathinte yadhaartha ooshmalathayumaanu addehathe indiayude ithrayadhikam prashamsikkappedunnathum bahumaanikkappedunnathumaayu pradhaanamantriyum empyum ambasaderumakki maattiyath."sreelangan president maheenda rajapaksa indian pradhaanamantri manmohan singhinu oru sandesham ayachu, athil addeham ezhuthi "athivegam aagolavalkkarikkappedunna lokath shree gujral thante kaalathekkaal munnilaayirunnu. india-srilanka bandhavum praadeshika sahakaranavum shakthippeduthunnathin shree. iii. keey. gujral nalkia sambhaavanakale srilanka ellaayppozhum nandiyode oorkkum."india-paakistaan bandham shakthippeduthunnathil gujraalinte "prashamsaneeyamaaya punk" paraamarshicha paakistaan pradhaanamantri raaja purvace ashraf dakshineshyaykku manyanum vishishtanumaaya oru raashtreeyakkaarane nashtappettathaayum paranju. bangladesh pradhaanamantri sheikh haseena thante awami leag partyile peru velippeduthaatha muthirnna nethaavine shavasamskaarathinaayi ayachu. salman khurshid, laal krishna adwani ennivar addehathinte shavasamskara chadangil pankedutthu.
aagola nayam.
thante sahodaran sateesh gujaralinoppam oru loka bharanaghadanayude karadu thayyarakkunnathinulla oru kanvenshan vilikkanulla karaaril oppuvachavaril oraalaayirunnu addeham. thalphalamaayi, manushyacharithrathil aadyamaayi, federation oof erthinaayulla bharanaghadanayude karadu thayyarakkanum sweekarikkaanum oru loka bharanaghadanaa assembly yogam chernnu.
bahumathikal.
niravadhi amgeekaarangalum bahumathikalum gujraalinu labhichittundu