austarkaachar

hematopodidae kudumbathilppedunna oru koottam neerchaalukalaanu oostarkaacharukal, avaykku hematoppas enna orotta janussaanullath. dhruvapradesangalkkum aafrikkayileyum thekkukizhakkan eshyayileyum chila ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalkkum purame lokamembaadumulla theerangalil iva kaanapedunnu. eurasian austarkaachar, southu ailand austarkaachar, chila sandarbhangalil ulnaadan, vidoora ulnaadan enangalil prajananam nadathunna magellanic austarkaachar ennivayaanu ithinte apavaadangal. munkaalangalil eee enangalude parimithikalekkurichu valareyadhikam aashayakkuzhappamundaayirunnu, ellah karutha chippikalkkum prathyeka padavi nalkappedunnundengilum pied chippikal orotta inamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
vargeekaranam.
1758ll sweedish prakrithishaasthranjanaaya kaal linnaeus 1758ll thante sistamaa naachureyude patthaam pathippil eurasian sippa ulkkollunnathinayi "hematoppas australegas" enna peril hematoppas januss avatharippichu. hematoppas" enna januss namam varunnath raktham ennartham varunna "haima" α′μα enna purathana greak padangalil ninnum, eurasian oostarkaacharinte chuvanna kaalukale soochippikkunna "pouse" πούς ennartham varunna paadam ennathil ninnum; ithu 1555 ll piyar beloon muthal upayogichirunnu. 1838 ll franch prakrithishaasthranjanaaya chaals bonapart hematopodidae kudumbatthe (hemattopodine upakudumbamaayi) avatharippichu.
1731ll maarkk kettsbi vadakke american inamaaya "echu" ennathinu "austarkaachar" enna pothunamam upayogichu. paaliyattas ", ithu chippikal kazhikkunnathayi addeham visheshippichu. 1843-ll yaarel "zee paii" enna pazhaya perinu pakaram ithu mungananayulla padamaayi sthaapichu."
vivaranam.
vividha inam oostarkaacharukal aakruthiyilo roopathilo cheria vyathiyaanam kaanikkunnu. avaa neelatthilum chirakukalilum vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. eurasian austarkaachar sharashari bharam kuranjathaanu, athesamayam sooty austarkaachar ettavum bharam koodiyathaanu. ellah enangaludeyum thoovalukal mukalil karuppum (allengil irunda thavitt) thaazhe vellayumaan. ool-black allengil pied aayirikkunnathil variable austarkaachar alpam asaadhaaranamaanu. avaa valuthum, prathyakshavum, shabdamundaakkunnathumaaya plover polulla pakshikalaanu, valia neelamulla ooranchu allengil chuvapp nottukal thuranna molaskukal takarkkaano chulivukal nadathaano upayogikkunnu. bhakshanakramamanusarichu oro inathilum billinte aakruthi vyathyaasappedunnu. blade polulla bill tippukalulla pakshikal molesk shellukal thurakkukayo thakarkkukayo cheiyunnu, koodaathe pooyint bill tippukalullava anlid puzhukkalekkurichu anweshikkunnu. avaa laingika dviroopatha kaanikkunnu, sthreekalkku neelamullathum purushanmaarekkaal bhaaramullathumaan.
bhakshanam.
chippikalude bhakshanakramam sthalathinanusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu. ulnaadan enangal mannirakaleyum praanikalude larvakaleyum bhakshikkunnu. theeradesha chippikalude bhakshanakramam kooduthal vaividhyamaarnnathaanenkilum, theeradesha tharatthe aasrayichirikkunnu; azhimukhangal, bewalves, gastropodukal, polikkettu puzhukkal ennivayaanu bhakshanathinte ettavum pradhanappetta bhagam, athesamayam paarakkettukalulla theerathulla chippikal limpattukal, mussels, gastropodukal, chittonukal ennivaye irayaakkunnu. ekkinodermukal, malsyam, njandukal ennivayaanu mattu erapidiyan vasthukkal.
prajnana.
eurasian austarkaacharil bahubhaaryaathvathekkurichu reportukalundengilum mikkavarum ellah inam oostarkaacharukalum ekabhaaryaathvamullavayaanu. prajnana seasonil avaa praadesikamaanu (varsham muzhuvanum pradeshangale prathirodhikkunna chila speesheesukal). 20 varshamaayi ore sthalathe prathirodhikkunna oru jody recordode, padicha enangalil sakthamaaya inayum saitt fidilityum undu. venalkkaala maasangalil samayabandhithamayi oro prajnana seasonilum otta koodundakkaanulla sramam nadathunnu. chippikondulla koodu lalithamaaya kaaryangalaan, nilathu pottukal varaykkukayum nalla drishyaparathayode oru sthalathu sthaapikkukayum cheyyaam. chippikalude muttakal pullippullikalum nigoodavumaanu. vadakkan ardhagolathil moonnum thekk rund muttakalum ulppede onnu muthal naalu vare muttakal idunnu. incubation pankittathaanenkilum aanupaathikamalla, sthreekal kooduthal incubation edukkukayum purushanmaar kooduthal pradesha prathirodhatthil earppedukayum cheiyunnu. incubation speesheesukal anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu, ithu 24-39 divasangalkkidayil neendunilkkunnu. chippikal mutta valikkunnathum ariyappedunnu."kuyilukaleppole, avaa chilappol kadal pakshikal polulla mattu enangalude koodukalil muttayidukayum aaa pakshikal valarthaan upekshikkukayum cheiyunnu.
samrakshanam.
irupathaam noottaandil kaanari dveepukalile austarkaachar vamshanasham sambhavichu. chaatham austarkaachar nyoosilandile chaatham dveepukalil thaddesheeyamaanu, ennaal ucn vamshanaashabheeshani neridunnathaayi pattikappedutthiyittundu, athesamayam aafrikkan, eurasian oostarkaacharukal apakadasaadhyathayumaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. vaanijya shelfish karshakarumaayi samgharshamundaayittunde, kadaltheerathe njandukale apekshichu chippikal pidikkunnavayude aaghaatham valare kuravaanennu padanangal kandethiyittundu.
speeshees.
eee janussil panthrand enangalundu.
floridayile barstovian, vadakkan karolinayile sanclean ennivayil ninnulla "hematopus salkaattas" (broadcorb, 1955) ulppede niravadhi phoosil enangal ariyappedunnu, ithu nilavilulla inamaaya "hematopus paaliyattas" ennathinte paryaayamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.

