
franconia

franconia (, franconian "frangn";) germmaniyile oru pradesamaanu, athinte samskaaravum franconian bhashayum (jarmman "frankish") savisheshathayaanu. niravadhi jarmman bhaashaabhedangale franconian (dutch ulppede) ennu vilikkumbol, kizhakkan franconian bhaashaabhedangale maathrame samsaarabhashayil "franconian" ennum vilikkunnulloo, kizhakkan franconian bhasha pradesham maathrame franconiayaayi kanakkaakkappedunnulla.
franconian vanathinte thekk bhaagathulla, franconian bhasha samsaarikkunna, thekkan turingia, baden-wurtembergile hailbron-franconiayude kizhakkan bhagangal enniva ulkkollunna bavaariyayile thaazhnna, madhya, mukalile franconiayude moonnu "rejiyarangsbesirkk" chernnathaanu franconia.
vogtlandile bhashakal kooduthalum kizhakkan franconian aayathinal saxonyil (ettavum valia nagaram plauyen) sthithicheyyunna vogtlaandinte aaa bhaagangalum chilappol franconian bhashayaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, saaksan vogtlandile nivaasikal kooduthalum svayam franconian aayi kanakkakkunnilla. maruvashathu, spessartinu padinjaaru thaazhnna franconiayile (ettavum valia nagaram ashfenberg) hessian samsaarikkunna pradeshangalile nivaasikal eee bhasha samsaarikkunnillenkilum svayam franconian aayi kanakkakkunnu. hailbron-franconiayile ettavum valia nagaramaya hailbrone chuttumulla pradeshangalum thekkan franconian samsaarikkunnavayaan, athinaal chilappol franconian bhashayaayi maathrame kanakkaakkappedunnulla. hessil, fulda jillayude kizhakk franconian samsaarikkunna pradesamaanu, koodaathe oden phoorast jillayude chila bhagangal charitraparamaaya kaaranangalal chilappol franconian aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, pakshe avide oru franconian swathuam vikasichilla.
franconiayude ettavum valia nagravum anaudyogika thalasthaanavum neuremberg aanu, ithu erlanchan farth chernnu ekadesham 13 laksham nivaasikalulla franconian konbeshan roopeekarikkunnu. mattu pradhana franconian nagarangal woorsburg, bamberg, bairut, bavariayile ansback, coburg, turingiayile sul, miningen, badden-wurtembergile shwabis haal ennivayaanu.
franken enna jarmman vaakk-francanians-pradhaanamaayum eee pradeshathu kaanapedunna vamseeya vibhaagatheyum soochippikkunnu. fraankukalile jarmman janathayil ninnu verthirichariyappedunnathum charitraparamaayi avarude kizhakke attathulla vaasasthala pradeshamaayi maarunnathumaayirikkanam avaa. onpathaam noottaand muthal eest francia (francia ooriyantalis) ennariyappettirunna pradhana nadeethadatthile elbe jarmman janatha adhivasichirunna aaram noottaand muthal fraankukalude vaasasthalathaanu franconiayude uthbhavam. madhyakaalakhattathil eee pradesham franconiayude dachiyude kizhakkan bhaagatthinte bhooribhaagavum 1500 muthal franconian vrithavum roopeekarichu. vishudha roman saamraajyathinte pathanathinushesham nepolian thekkan jarmman samsthaanangalude punasamghadanayil franconiayude bhooribhaagavum bavariaykku nalki.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
fraankukal ennariyappedunna jarmman janathayile amgamaaya frankinte dative bahuvachana roopathil ninnaan franconiayude jarmman naamamaya "franken" varunnath.
dheeran, dheeran", pazhaya norwegian "frack", "pettennullath, dheeramaayathu" ennartham varunna oru vakkil ninnaan fraankukalude peru uruthirinjathu. madhya, thaazhnna rainil ninnulla fraankukal kramena aaram noottaand muthal ettaam noottaand vare franconia enna peril niyanthranam nedi (angane avarkk avarude peru nalki).
madhya laattin bhashayil france vezhsas francia enna padaprayogatthe thudarnnu uyarnna madhyakala stem duchy paraamarshichu engleesh "fraankukalum" (aadyakaala madhyakala jarmman janatha) "franconiakkaarum" thammil verthirikkunnu. "jarmman dachikkaayi "franconia". jarmman bhashayil franken enna peru iruvarkkum thulyamaayi upayogikkunnu, athesamayam franchukaare fransosen ennu vilikkunnu, pazhaya franch francois, laattin franciscus, laattin francus, frank, frank ennee perukalil ninnaan.
bhoomishaasthram.
avalokanam.
franconian pradeshangal pradhaanamaayum bavaariyayilaan sthithicheyyunnathu, pradhana nadiyude vadakkum thekkum, ithu idathu (thekk) regnits poshakanadiyaaya redinits, pegnits headstream ennivayulppede franconiayude bhooribhaagavum ozhukunnu. mattu valia nadikalil turingiayileyum toubarileyum upper verayum padinjaaru nekkarinte valathu kaivazhikalaaya upper jaagst, kochar aruvikalum ulppedunnu. thekkan middle franconiayil, altmul danubilekku ozhukunnu; raine-maine-danube kanal europian neertthadatthiloode kadannupokunnu. manushyanirmmitha franconian thadaaka jilla pakal yaathrakkaarudeyum vinodasanchaarikaludeyum janapriya lakshyasthaanamaayi mariyirikkunnu.
jarmman madhya uyarnna pradeshangalile niravadhi "mittelgebirj" parvathanirakalaanu bhooprakrithiyude savisheshatha. franconiayude padinjaaran swaabhaavika athirthi spessart, roonn parvathanirakalaal roopeekarikkappettathaanu, ithu ashfenberghinu chuttumulla muun renish franconian pradeshangalil ninnu (audyogikamaayi lover franconiayude bhagam) verthirikkunnu, avayude nivaasikal hessian bhaashaabhedangal samsaarikkunnu. vadakku thuringian vanathile rensteig ridge, thuringian malambradesham, franconian vanam, thuringiyayile upper saaksan laandukalude athirthi enniva uyarnnu. franconian pradeshangalil innathe thekkan turingian jillakalaaya schmalcalden-miningen, hildbergausen, soneberg enniva ulppedunnu, ithu pathinonnam noottaand muthal henneberg house kaivashappedutthiya grabfeldinte charitraparamaaya "gau" aanu, pinneedu sax-mainimganile vettin dachiyude bhaagamaayirunnu.
kizhakk, fitchel parvathanirakal vogtland, check republicile bohemian egerland ("chebsco"), bavarian upper paalattinett ennivayilekku nayikkunnu. thekk franconian joorayude kunnukal upper bavarian mekhala ("aaltbeyen"), charitraparamaaya swabia, danube thadam ennivayumaayi athirthi pankidunnu. charitraparamaaya bishoper oof aikstaattinte pradeshamaaya upper bavarian ikstaatt jillayude vadakkan bhaagangalum franconiayude bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
padinjaaru, franconia proper ennathu baden-wurtembergile pradhana-touber-kreesinte bhagamaaya touber nadiyude theerathulla touber franconia mekhala ulkkollunnu. samsthaanathe valia hailbron-franken mekhalayil aduthulla hohenlohe, shwabis haal jillakalum ulppedunnu. hailbron nagaratthil, haller eben peedabhoomikkappuram, thekkan franconian bhaashaabhedangal samsaarikkunnu. koodaathe, munbu worsbergile bishapparichil pettirunna necker-odenwald-kreyisinte kizhakke attathulla bhaagangalil nivaasikal avarude franconian swathuam samrakshichu. spessartinum roninumoppam kizhakkan hesseyile franconian pradeshangalil gersfeld ehrenberg ulppedunnu.
franconiayile rund valia nagarangal neuremberg, farth ennivayaanu. pradeshatthinte thekkukizhakkan paridhiyil sthithicheyyunnuvenkilum neuremberg metropolittan pradesham palappozhum franconiayude saambathika, saamskaarika kendramaayi thirichariyappedunnu. bavarian franconiayile mattu nagarangalil farth, erlanchan, bairut, bamberg, ashfenberg, schweenfurt, hoff, coburg, ansback, shwabak enniva ulppedunnu. baden-wurtembergile pradhana (kizhakk) franconian pattanangal kocharile shwabis haal-saamraajyathva nagaram 1442 ll svayam "swabian" aayi prakhyaapichu-jaast nadiyile crallshime ennivayaanu. sul, miningen ennivayaanu turingiayile pradhana pattanangal.
paridhi.
franconia athinte savisheshamaaya charitra gadakangalum saamskaarikavum prathyekichu bhashaaparavumaaya savisheshathakalaal chuttumulla pradeshangalil ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum, pakshe ithu oru nischithamo karshanamo aaya pradeshamulla oru rashtreeya asthithwamalla. thalphalamaayi, chila pradeshangal franconiayudethaano allayo ennathu charcha cheyyappedunnu. franconiayude athirthikalude kooduthal krithyamaaya nirvachanathilekkulla soochanakalil iva ulppedunnu muun dachiyaaya franconia muun franconian circle ulkkollunna pradeshangal, kizhakkan franconian bhasha grouppinte paridhi, pradeshatthinte pothu samskaaravum charithravum, aayudangal, pathaakakal, mudrakal ennivayude kottukalil franconian rekkinte upayogam. ennirunnaalum, franconian enna pothubodham pathonpathaam noottaand muthal maathrame kandethanakoo, athinaalaan oru thuranna swathuathinte aavirbhaavathinte saahacharyangal tharkkathilullathu. mattu pradeshangalil ninnu sweekarikkappedukayum kooduthal vikasikkukayum cheytha niravadhi saamskaarika savisheshathakal franconiaykku undu.
innu franconiayude bhaagamaayi inipparayunna pradeshangal kanakkaakkappedunnu lover franconiayile bavarian pravishyakal, upper franconia, middle franconia, derr oberpfalsile newmark kaundiyile pireboam munisippaalitti, aikstaattinte upper bavarian kaundiyude vadakkupadinjaaran bhagam (pazhaya kaundi alt-aikstaattinte athe pradesham ulkkollunnu), southu turingiayile kizhakkan franconian kaundikal, hesseyile fulda odenvaldcrayisinteyum bhagangal, touber franconiayudeyum hohenloheyude baden-wurtemberg pradeshangal, badenian buchenin chuttumulla pradeshangal.
vyakthigatha kesukalil chila pradeshangalude amgathvam tharkkathilaanu. franconian saamraajyathva vrithathinte bhaagamallaatha alt-aishstaattinte bavarian bhasha pradeshavum ashfenberghinu chuttumulla hessian samsaarikkunna pradeshavum ithil ulppedunnu. nivaasikal svayam fraankukal ennu vilikkaatha hailbron nagaratthinte affiliation vivaadamaanu. koodaathe, upper paalattinett, southu turingia, hess ennee frankish samsaarikkunna pradeshangalil franconiayil pettavaraanenna bodham chilappol kuravaanu.
bharanaparamaya divisionukal.
franconia pradesham hesse, turingia, bawaria, badden-wurtemberg ennee samsthaanangalkkidayil vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. janasamkhyayum vistheernavum anusarichu franconiayude ettavum valia bhagam bawaria enna swatantra samsthaanathil pedunnu, ithu middle franconia (thalasthaanam ansback), upper franconia (thalasthaanam bairut), lover franconia (thalasthaanam woorsburg) ennee moonnu bharana mekhalakalaayi ("rejiyarangsbesirkk") thirichirikkunnu. eee pradeshangalude perukal, mukalileyum thaazheyumulla bavaariyayude kaaryatthilennapole, pradhana nadiyumaayi bandhapetta avarude avasthaye soochippikkunnu. athinaal nadiyude mukalbhaagathaanu upper franconia sthithicheyyunnathu, thaazhnna franconia athinte thaazhnna bhaagathum middle franconia athinidayilumaanu, ennirunnaalum pradhana bhagam thanne middle franconiayiloode ozhukunnilla. eee moonnu pravishyakalude athirthikal ('tripoyint') cherunna 'drefrankenstein' ('three franconias roock') aanu.
franconiayude cheria bhagangal upper paalattinett, upper bavaria ennivayude bavarian pradeshangalil pedunnu.
baden-wurtembergile franconian pradeshangal touber franconia, hohenlohe (hailbron-franconia mekhalayil ulppedunnava, hailbronil oafees ullavayum stattgaart mekhalayude bhagavumaanu), raine-necker mekhalayile badenian buchenninu chuttumulla pradesangalaanu.
thekkupadinjaaran turingia aasoothrana mekhalayilaanu thuringiyayude (henneberg franconia) franconian bhagangal sthithi cheiyunnathu.
hesseyile franconian pradeshangal fulda (cassel mekhala), odenwaldcrise (daarmstaad mekhala) ennee jillakalude cheria bhagangal roopappeduthunnu, allengil bawaria allengil thuringiyayude athirthiyilaanu sthithicheyyunnathu.
nadikalum thadaakangalum.
eee mekhalayile ettavum pradhanappetta rund nadikal pradhana poshakanadiyaaya regnits aanu. tabber, pegnits, rednits, franconian saale ennivayaanu franconiayile eee rund nadikalude poshakanadikal. eee mekhalayile mattu pradhana nadikal hohenlohe-franconiayile jaasttum coacher aanu, avaa baden-wurtembergile hailbrone vadakku nekkaarilekku ozhukunnu, daanyoobinte poshakanadikalaaya middle franconiayile altmul, vornits, vesarinte valathuvashathulla thaladharayaya verayude mukalilum madhyabhaagathum. upper franconiayude vadakkukizhakku bhaagath elbeyude rund idathu kaivazhikal uyarunnu saaksan saale, egger.
pradhana-danube kanal franconiayiludaneelam pradhana, danubine bandhippikkunnu, ithu bambergill ninnu neuremberg vazhi kelhaimilekku ozhukunnu. vadakke kadalinum karinkadalinumidayil thudarchayaayi sanjarikkaavunna jalapatha urappakkaan sahayikkunna kaandaamrigathinum pradhaanathinum danubinum ithu poorakamaanu. franconiayil, valare cheriyathum prakrithidathavumaaya thadakangal maathrame ulloo. germmaniyile mikka prakrithidatha thadaakangalum uthbhavam glacial allengil agniparvathamaanu enna vasthuthayaan ithinu kaaranam, franconia sameepakaala bhoumacharithrathil rund swaadheenangalil ninnum rakshapettu. franconiayile thaarathamyena varanda bhooprakrithiyude jalasambharanikalayi kooduthalum upayogikkunna jalasambharanikalaan ettavum valia jalashayangalil onnu. 1970kalil sthaapithamaaya franconian thadaaka jillayile jalam ithil ulppedunnu, ithu oru vinodasanjaara aakarshanam koodiyaanu. eee thadaakangalude hridayam 8.7 chathurashra kilometer visthruthiyulla groser brombachsiyaanu, athinaal uparithala vistheernnathinte adisthaanathil franconiayile ettavum valia jalaashayamaanith.
kunnukalum parvathangalum samathalangalum.
niravadhi madhya uyarnna pradeshangal franconian graamapradesangalil aadhipathyam pulartthunnu. thekkukizhakk, franconia bakkiyulla bavariayil ninnu franconian juura samrakshikkunnu. kizhakk, fitchel parvathanirakal athirthi roopeekarikkunnu; vadakku franconian vanam, turingian vanam, roonn parvathangal, spessart enniva orutharam prakrithidatha thadassam srishtikkunnu. padinjaaru franconian uyarangalum swabian-franconian vanangalumund. thekkan heseyude franconian bhagathaanu odenwald. franconiayile thekkan turingian vanaa athirthiyude chila bhagangal. eee pradeshatthinte ulbhaagathulla ettavum pradhanappetta malanirakal steagerwald, franconian juura ennivayaanu, avayude upa-sreniyaaya hanenkam, franconian swittsarland ennivayaanu. franconiayile ettavum uyaram koodiya parvvatham fitchel parvathanirakalile sneebergaanu. oxencoph (1,024 meter), cruisberg (927.8m), hezelberg (689.4m) ennivayaanu mattu prashastha parvathangal. hezelberg, gleachberge ennivayaanu eee pradeshathe outlayarukal. samudranirappil ninnu 100 meter uyarathil sthithi cheiyunna khal nadiyile pradhana jalanirappaan franconiayile ettavum thaazhnna sthalam.
kunnin mukalilum parvathanirakalilum koodaathe, middle franconian thadavum hohenlohe samathalavum ulppede niravadhi samathala pradeshangalum undu. franconiayude thekk bhaagath bhoomiyile ettavum mikacha samrakshitha aaghaatha garthangalilonnaaya paranna nordlinger raisinte cheria bhaagangalund.
vanangal, samrakshitha pradeshangal, sasyajanthujaalangal.
franconiayile sasyajalangalil elapozhiyum, coniferous vanangalaan aadhipathyam pularthunnathu. franconiayile prakrithidatha vanangal pradhaanamaayum spessart, franconian vanam, odenwald, steagerwald ennee parvathanirakalilaanu kaanappedunnath. neuremberg metropolittan mekhalaykkullil sthithi cheiyunna mattoru valia vanamaan neuremberg "reachswald". monswald, fitchel parvathanirakalile reyksphorst, selb vanam ennivayaanu eee mekhalayile mattu valia vanapradeshangal. pradhana, touber nadeethadangalil graamapradeshangal vittikkalcharinaayi vikasippicheduthu. spessartil valia ookku vanangalundu. valare oligotrophic, mosham saittukalil vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna mechilppurangalaaya kaalsyam pulmedukalum vyaapakamaanu. prathyekichum, almel thaazhvarayodukoodiya thekkan franconian joorayude savisheshatha itharathilulla mosham pulmedukalaanu. eee sthalangalil palathum samrakshitha pradesangalaayi nischayichittundu.
franconiaykku thekkan germmaniyude savisheshamaaya manal aavaasavyavasthayulla niravadhi pradeshangalundu, avaa franconiayude manal beltt allengil "sandax franken" ennu vilikkappedunna reethiyil samrakshikkappedunnu. altmulse reservoir nirmmichappol, oru pakshi dweep srishtikkukayum vaividhyamaarnna pakshikal koodundaakkunna oru prakrithi samrakshana kendramaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. madhya europile ettavum pradhanappetta bogg pradeshangalilonnaya ronile black muur aanu mattoru pradhana reserve. niravadhi meterukal vare akaleyulla graanait blokkukalude felsenmeeraaya vunseedelile lusenberg roock laabirinthaan ariyappedunna oru reserve. steegarwaldil aadyathe franconian desheeyodyaanam sthaapichathu vivaadamundaakkukayum 2011 joolaiyil bavarian sarkkar athinte padavi nirasikkukayum cheythu. praadeshika janathayude nishedhaathmaka manobhaavamaayirunnu kaaranam. steegarvaaldinte chila bhagangal loka paithruka sthalamaayi naamanirddesham cheyth avayude samrakshanam samrakshikkanamennu samrakshanavaadikal ippol aavashyappedunnu. 1969 muthal germmaniyile ettavum valia prakrithi udyaanangalilonnaaya altmul vaali nechar paarkk ulppede niravadhi prakrithi udyaanangal franconiayilundu.
baden-wurtembergile swabian-franconian phoorast nechar paarkk, bavarian roonn, fitchel parvathangal, franconian uyarangal, franconian vanam, franconian swittsarland-franconian juura, bavariayile hasberge, spessart, steagerwald, bavaria, baden-wurtemberg, hess ennividangalil vyaapichukidakkunna bergstrass-odenwald prakrithi udyaanangal ennivayaanu mattu prakrithi udyaanangal. franconiayude pakuthiyolam pradesamaanu prakrithi udyaanangal ulkkollunnath.
1991ll unesco ronine oru jaivamandala samrakshana kendramaayi amgeekarichu. bavariayile ettavum manoharamaaya jiyodoppukalil "fosa carolina" yude franconian sittukal, panthrand apostala parakal ("swolf-apposttal-felsen"), ehrenberg, resenberghile guha avashishtangal, frickenhouser thadaakam enniva ulppedunnu. franconiayile europian pakshisankethangal pradhaanamaayum steagerwald polulla uyarnna pradeshangalilum nyoorambarginte saamraajyathva vanam polulla valia vanangalilum altmool polulla nadikalude theerathum kaanapedunnu. samrakshanathinum samrakshitha bhooprakrithikalkkumaayi niravadhi prathyeka mekhalakalum undu. franconiayil kaarst bhooprakrithiyil nadee srothassukalkku sameepam 'stoon rannalukal' ('steynarn rinnan') ennariyappedunna niravadhi thuphaasukal, uyarnna aruvi kidakkakal undu. heidenheim, wolfsbrone ennividangalil samrakshitha udaaharanangalund.
germmaniyude valiyoru bhaagatheppole franconiayilum kurachu valia inam vanyamrugangal maathrameyulloo. marten, pazhmarangal, chuvanna maan, roow maan, kaattupanni, kurukkan thudangi vividha inam vanavaasikal ithil ulppedunnu. fitchel parvathanirakal polulla prakrithidatha pradeshangalil links, kaperkaili ennivayude janasamkhyayundu, koodaathe beaver, oottar ennivayude ennam vardhichu. madhya europil valarekkaalamaayi vamshanasham sambhavicha mrugangale idaykkide kaananakum, udaaharanathinu chennaaya.
bhoomishaasthram.
general.
franconiayude vadakkukizhakkan attatthum spessartilum maathrame kristalin basementinte veriskan puranthallalukal ulloo, alps vadakkott marddam cheluthumbol uparithalathinu thaazhe ninnu uyarthappettu. ekadesham 380 muthal 300 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu paleosoic kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil variskaan oorojeniyude vividha ghattangalil madakkiyathum chila sthalangalil uyarnna marddathilum thapanilayilum roopaantharappettathum allengil bhoomiyude puramthodil magma kayarunnathiloode christalise cheythathumaaya pree-permian vintejinte paarakalaaniva. aazham kuranja krasttal aazhathil roopabhedam sambhavichathinal maattamillaathatho cheruthaayi roopaantharappettatho aaya paarakalil franconian vanathile thaazhnna carboniferous sheyil, gravac enniva ulppedunnu. fitchel parvathangal, munchberg peedabhoomi, spessart ennivaykku vipareethamaayi kooduthal roopaanthara paarakalund (philait, shist, amphibolite, gneese). poost-kainamattik plutonukal ennu vilikkappedunna valia graanait bodikal, veriscan oorojeniyude avasana ghattathil, roopaanthara paarakalilekku nuzhanjukayariyathum fitchel parvathanirakalude savisheshathayaanu. mikka kesukalilum iva ezz-type graanaittukalaan, avayude urukal choodaakkiya avashishta parakal bhoomiyude puramthodil aazhathil mungiyathaanu. fitchel, franconian vanangal madhya europian variskaan oorojeniyude saxo-turingian mekhalayilekku niyogikkaamenkilum, spessart madhya jarmman kristalin mekhalayilaanu. saxo-turingian allengil moldanubian mekhalakalaanu monchberg pindatthinu vividha kaaranagal nalkunnathu.
franconiayile aazhamillaatha uparithalathinte ganyamaaya valia bhaagath thekkan jarmman skaarplaantukalile mesosoic, apachayamillaatha, thuranna parakal ulppedunnu. franconian plaattphom ("suddyushe grosshol") aanu thekkan jarmman skaarplaantukalude praadeshika bhoomishaasthraparamaaya ghadakam. franconian line ennu vilikkappedunna oru pradhana folt lainil, saxo-turingian-moldanubian basement franconian platfominu mukalil 2000 meter vare uyarthi. franconiayude padinjaaran moonnil rund bhaagathum bunder manalkkallukalude manalkkallukal, silttstonukal, kaliman kallukal (cylicyclastics ennu vilikkappedunna) enniva upayogichu triasik aadhipathyam pulartthunnu; maskalkaakkile chunnaambukallukalum maarlukalum, keepparinte misrithavum ennaal pradhaanamaayum silislaastik, sedimentari paarakalum. ronil, triasik parakal moonnaam sthaanathe agniparvvatha paarakalal (basaltukal, basanaittukal, phonolyteukal, trackiteukal) kadannukayarunnu. franconiayude kizhakkan moonnilonnu franconian joorayude jurassic parakal, karutha joorayude irunda shellukal, thavitt joorayude shellukalum fetugenous manalkkallukalum, kaalaavasthaye prathirodhikkunna chunnaambukallukalum velutha joorayude dolomitic paarakalum ennivayil aadhipathyam pulartthunnu, avaa bhooprakrithiyil ninnu verittunilkkukayum franconian joorayude thanne yadhaartha ridge roopappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. joorayil, kreetteshyasil roopappetta cylicyclastic avashishta parakal kooduthalum nilanilkkunnu.
valia thothilulla nadeethada pradeshangalil mesosoic avashishtangal nikshepichittundu. triasikkil, eee thaazhnna pradeshangalude franconian bhagam palappozhum pradhana bhoopradeshathinte bhaagamaayirunnu, juraasikkil ithu mikka samayathum padinjaaran tethys samudrathinte oru cheria kadal kondu moodappettirunnu. velutha joorayude chunnaambukallukalum dolomiteukalum nikshepikkappettirunna samayat, eee kadal sponch refukalaayum edayilulla lagoonukalaayum vibhajikkapettu. reef bodikal, sookshumamaaya daanyangalulla lagoon chunnaambukallukal, maarlukal ennivayaanu franconian joorayude bhooribhaagavum innu rachikkappedunna vasthukkal. upper jurassic kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathode samudranirappu kuranjathinethudarnnu, thudarnnulla cretatius kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil valia pradeshangalum pradhana bhoopradeshathinte bhaagamaayi maari. mukalile cretatius samayat, kadal veendum franconian juura pradeshathekku munneri. kreeteshyasinte avasaanathil, kadal veendum eee mekhalayil ninnu pinwangi. koodaathe, thekk, madhya germmaniyude valia bhaagangalkk pothuvaaya uyarcha anubhavapettu-allengil basement ganyamaaya uyarchayiloode kadannupoya pradeshangalil-moonnaamghattatthil aalpsinte roopeekaranam. athinusesham, franconia pradhaanamaayum mannolipum kaalaavasthayum swaadheenichittundu (prathyekichu kaarstinte roopathilulla joorayil), ithu aathyanthikamayi innathe bhooprakrithiyude roopeekaranathilekku nayichu.
fossilukal.
ekadesham 520 dasalaksham varsham pazhakkamulla thaazhnna cambrian yugathile chunnaambukallu blockil 2013 ll kandethiya sponch polulla, goblet aakruthiyilulla samudrajeevikalaaya aarkkiyosaithayaan bavariayile ettavum pazhakkam chenna franconiayile ettavum pazhaya macrophosilukal. heinersrooth block complomate ("heinersroother bloconglomerat") ennu vilikkappedunna thaazhnna carboniferous wildflyshil ninnu sameepathulla schwarsenback aam waldle ninnaan eee block varunnath. ennirunnaalum, melpparanja archaeocythidukal trimana phosilukalalla, marichu dvimaana nerttha vibhagangalaanu. 1970kalil eee nerttha bhagangal ithinakam thayyarakkukayum anweshikkukayum cheythirunnuvenkilum avayil archaeocythidukal akkaalat avaganikkapettu.
franconiayile kooduthal ariyappedunnathum kooduthal bahumaanikkappedunnathumaayu phoosil kandethalukal triasik, jurassic kaalaghattatthile anaavrithamaaya avashishta paarakalil ninnaan. ennirunnaalum, bunder manalkkallil thaarathamyena cheria ennam samrakshithamaaya muzhuvan fossilukalum maathrame ulloo. kooduthal saadhaaranayaayi, athil trace fossilukal adangiyirikkunnu, prathyekichu "kairotheriyatthinte" tetrapod kaalppaadukal. franconiayude turingian bhaagathulla hildbergausen aanu eee mrugangalude tracukalude tharam pradesham, avide ithu turingian kairotherium manalkkall ("turinger kairotheriyansaanttain", pradhana madhya bunder manalkkall) ennu vilikkappedunnu. "franconiayile bavarian, wurtemberg bhagangalilum "kairotherium" kaanapedunnu. mosham kissingen sameepamulla aabharanam, carbach, gambach, kulshaim enniva saittukalil ulppedunnu. avide nikshepangal kurachu cheruppamaanu (upper bunder manalkkall), anubandha straattigraaphik edavelaye franconian kairotherium beds ("frankische kairotheriyanshichten") ennu vilikkunnu. kasherukkalude shareera phoosil rekhakalil kuravaanu franconiayude turingian bhaagath reeyooriyathil ninnulla procolophonid "anomiodon liliyansterni", kobarginaduthulla mittalbergil ninnulla "coyloskiosorus cobergiensis", turingian kairotherium manalkkallil ninnullathum, gambakkile mukalile bunderil ninnulla temnospondile "maastodonsoras inchens" (orupakshe maastodonsoras, "heptasorus cappellensis" ennathinu samanam).
pathonpathaam noottaandile jorjinte aadya dashakathil thanne, kaundu oof mansttar chittayaya phoosil shekharanavum kuzhikalum thudangi, koodaathe beyroothile mukalile mashelkaakkil. udaaharanathinu, lainekkinaduthulla ooshenberg kunnu triasic kaalaghattatthile thaarathamyena ariyappedunna rund samudra uragangalude tharam pradeshamaayi maari, pinneedu madhya yooroppinte mattu bhaagangalil kaanapettu "paranna pallu pallu", "placodes", "thettaaya pallu", "nothosorus".
franconiayude madhya caper (furalettan) madhya europile dinosarukalude ettavum ariyappedunnathum saadhaaranavumaaya enangalilonnaanu soropodomorphy aadyakaala prathinidhiyaya "platosorus engelharty". neuremberghinu thekk heroldsbergilaanu eee tharatthilulla pradesham sthithi cheiyunnathu. 1834ll avide "platosoracy" nte avashishtangal aadyamaayi kandethiyappol, jarmman mannil oru dinosarinte aadya kandethalaayirunnu ithu, ithu "dinosariya" enna peru srishtikkunnathinu munbuthanne sambhavichu. franconiayile mattoru pradhana "platosorus" kandethal elinganil nadannu.
platosorus", "placodos", "notosorus" ennivayekkaal valare prashasthamaaya "archaeopterics" aanu, orupakshe bhoomishaasthraparamaayi aadyathe pakshi. sollenhofen plaattphom chunnaambukallile ("sollenhofener plaattenkaalkk", (sollenhofen-formation, aadyakaala tithonian, upper jurassic) sollenhofente prashastha phoosil saittil thekkan franconian joorayilaanu ithu kandethiyathu. archaeopterics" ennathinu purame, valare sookshumamaaya daanyangalulla, laminated lagoon chunnaambukallukalil terrosaur "terrodactylus", vividha asthi malsyangal, athupole akasherukkalude niravadhi vishadamaaya udaaharanagal enniva ulppedunnu.jii. thoovalukal nakshathrangalum dragonflies. sollenhofen roopeekaranathile mattoru "valuthum samaanamaayi prashasthavumaya phoosil pradesamaanu ikstaatt, ithu joorayude thekkan attathu upper bavariayil sthithicheyyunnu. ivide, "archaeopterics", theropod dinosarukal, "compsognathus", "juravenettar" enniva kandethi.
paleantology charithratthile oru apahasyamaaya sambhavam franconiayil nadannu berringers lighting stoons ennariyappedunna vyaja fossilukal 1720-kalil woorsburg doctor prakrithishaasthranjanumaaya johann berringer dhaaraalam panatthinu swanthamaakki, thudarnnu oru monographylum, woorsburg pradeshathu ninnulla yadhaartha phosilukalkkoppam vivarichu. ennirunnaalum, berringer vyaajarekhakal yadhaarthathil nattathaano atho thattippin addeham thanne utharavaadiyaano ennu poornnamaayum vyakthamalla.
kaalavastha.
franconiayil eerppamulla thanutha mitasheetoshna parivartthana kaalaavasthayundu, ithu valare bhookhandamo valare samudramo allah. januvariyil-1 muthal-2 digri selshyas augustil 17 muthal 19 digri selshyas vareyulla pradeshathe aashrayich sharashari prathimasa thaapanila vyathyaasappedunnu, ennaal venalkkaalath kurachu divasathekku, prathyekichu valia nagarangalil, 35 digri selshyas vare uyarathilethaam. franconiayile kaalavastha sanni, thaarathamyena choodullathaanu. udaaharanathinu, venalkkaalathinte oru bhaagath, germmaniyile ettavum sooryaprakaashamulla pradesangalilonnaanu lover franconia. franconiayude bavarian bhaagathe dainamdina thaapanila baveriyayude saraashariyekkaal sharashari 0.1 digri selshyas kooduthalaanu. franconiayil thaarathamyena kuranja mazhayaanu labhikkunnath, athupole thanne vadakkan baveriyayude backie bhaagangalil bhoomishaasthraparamaaya sthaanathekkaal saadhaarana mazhayaanu labhikkunnath; venalkkaala kodunkaattukal polum thekkan germmaniyile mattu pradeshangale apekshichu shakthiyeriyathalla. thekkan bavaariyayil prathivarsham ekadesham 2,000 millimeter mazhayum franconiayude chila bhaagangalil (ekadesham 500-900 millimeter) spessart, roonn, odenwald ennivayude mazha nizhalil ekadesham moonnirattiyum veezhunnu.
jeevithathinte gunanilavaaram.
germmaniyude bhaagamaayi franconiaykku uyarnna nilavaaramulla jeevithamund. 2010ll mersor nadatthiya "lokamembaadumulla jeevithanilavara sarway" yill, jeevithanilavaarathinte kaaryatthil lokathile mikacha 25 nagarangalil onnaayirunnu neuremberg nagaram, germmaniyil aaram sthaanathaanu. paristhithi rankingle neuremberg lokathile pathimoonnaamatthe sthaanathethi, jarmman maasika 2014 ll jeevithanilavaarathekkurillachu "focus" enna sarveyil mikacha jarmman nagaramaayirunnu, aishstaat, farth jillakal pattikayil onnaam sthaanathaayirunnu. dushe poost franconiayude "gluxatlassil" ettavum uyarnna skorukal nediyengilum 2013ll eee pradesham 19ll 13-aamm sthaanathekku vazhuthiveenu.
charithram.
peru.
ettaam noottaandinte madhyathode padinjaaran yooroppinte bhooribhaagavum keezhadakkiya jarmman gothramaaya fraankukalude perilaanu franconia ariyappedunnathu. peru undaayirunnittum, franconia fraankukalude janmadeshamalla, marichu ezhaam noottaandil eee pradeshathu aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna alamaniyudeyum thuringiyanmaarudeyum paraajayathetthudarnnu rainlaandil ninnulla fraankukal bhaagikamaayi sthirathaamasamaakkiyathinaanu franconia enna peru.
patthaam noottaandinte thudakkathil kizhakkan fraansiyaykkullil aadhunika hess, paalattinett, badden-wortemberginte bhagangal, innathe franconiayude bhooribhaagavum enniva ulkkollunna oru "duchy oof franconia" () sthaapikkappettu. franconiayile stem duchy ennu vilikkappedunna duchy pirichuvittathinushesham, vishudha roman chakravarthimaar 1500-ll franconian sarkkil (jarmman "frankisher reachscrise") srishtichu, muun dachiyude kizhakkan pakuthiyil ninnu valarnnuvarunna naatturaajyangale ulkkollunnathinayi. franconian sarkkilinte pradesham ekadesham aadhunika franconiayumaayi poruthappedunnu. 1803 vare woorsburg bishappumarum 1918 vare bavariayile rajaakkanmaarum "duke oof franconia" enna padavi avakaashappettirunnu. frankish prabhukkanmaar sthaapicha franconian nagarangalude udaaharanagal ezhaam noottaandil aadyamaayi paraamarshicha woorsburg, 748 ll aadyamaayi paraamarshicha ansback, ezhaam noottaandil sthaapithamaaya weisenberg ennivayaanu.
aadyakaala charithravum puraathanathayum.
ekadesham 600,000 varshangalkk munbu madhya manjukaalathu aadima manushyanaaya "homo erectus" ithinakam eee pradeshathu adivasichirunnathaayi phoosil kandethalukal kaanikkunnu. franconiayile bavarian bhaagathe ettavum pazhaya manushyaavashishtangal neuremberg kaundiyile pomelsbranile hoonakalude guha avashishtangalil ninnu kandethiyittundaakam. venkalayugathinte avasaanathil, eee pradeshathu janavasam valare kuravaayirikkaam, kaaranam ivide kurachu lohangal maathrame kaanappedunnulloo, mannu mithamaaya phalabhooyishtatha maathrameyulloo. thudarnnulla irumbukaalathu (ekadesham 800 bii.sii.) eee mekhalayil prathyakshappedunna aadyathe rajyamaayi selttukal maarunnu. vadakkan franconiayil avar vadakku ninnu munnerunna jarmmanikkethire prathirodhatthinte oru nirayayi kunnin kottakalude oru shringhala nirmmichu. staffelbergil avar oru sakthamaaya vaasasthalam nirmmichu, athinu tolami "oppidam menosgada" enna peru nalki, madhya germmaniyile ettavum valia "oppidam" stainsburg aanu. bii onnaam noottaandil romile vardhicha vipuleekaranathodoppam.sii. vadakku ninnu elbe jarmman gothrangalude oresamayam munnettathode celtic samskaaram kshayikkaan thudangi. innathe franconiayude thekkan bhagangal taamasiyaathe roman niyanthranatthilaayi; ennirunnaalum, eee pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagavum swatantra jermaniyayil thudarnnu. thudakkathil roome athinte nerittulla swaadheenam vadakkukizhakkan mekhalayilekku vyaapippikkaan shramichu; ennirunnaalum deerghakaalaadisthaanathil jarmman-roman athirthi kooduthal thekkupadinjaraayi roopappettu.
domissian (81-96), trajan (98-117), hadrian (117-138) ennee chakravartthimaarude keezhil vadakku jarmman gothrangalkk abhimukhamaayi athirthiyaayaanu raishyan chunnaambukal nirmmichathu. eee prathirodha rekha franconiayude thekk bhaagathukoodi kadannupokukayum innathe gunsenhousen enna sthalathulla oru kamaanathe eee pradeshathudaneelam vivarikkukayum cheythu. athine samrakshikkunnathinaayi, romakkar weisenbergil birisiana polulla niravadhi kottakal nirmmichu, ennaal moonnaam noottaandinte madhyathode athirthi paripalikkaan kazhinjilla.dii. danube vareyulla pradeshangal alemanni bharichirunnu. dittanheyimile jelbe burg polulla kottakettya vaasasthalangal puthiya pradeshangal niyanthrichu. muun naarangayude vadakku bhaagathum itharam kooduthal goo kottakal kandethiyittundu. avarude nivaasikal eathu gothrathil pettavaraanennu mikka kesukalilum anjjaathamaanu. ennirunnaalum, ithu pradhaanamaayum alemani juthungiyum aayirikkam, prathyekichu thekk.
ithinu vipareethamaayi, bargundiyakkaaraanu thaazhathe, madhya pradhana pradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiyathu. eee kunnin kottakalil palathum 500 eiii. dii. kku sesham nasippikkappettathaayi thonnunnu.dii. kaaranagal poornnamaayum vyakthamallengilum, athu valia kudiyettatthinu kaaranamaaya vettakkaarude aakramanangalude falamaayirikkaam. ennirunnaalum, pala kesukalilum, orupakshe fraankukal nediyathaanu eee kunnin mukalile vaasasthalangalude avasaanam ennu ezhuthiyathu.
madhyakaalakhattam.
aaram noottaandil alamaniyudeyum thuringiyanmaarudeyum hridayabhaagangalkkethiraaya avarude vijayathode franconiayude innathe pradeshavum fraankukalude keezhilaayi. frankish saamraajyathinte vibhajanathinushesham, mains, vemukal, woorsburg, spare ennee roopeekaranapradeshangalil ninnaan eest francia (francia oriyanshyalis) roopeekrithamaayathu. pinneedu bamberg roopatha kootticherkkappettu. ezhaam noottaandil, innathe uyarnna franconiayude pradesham valare viralamaaya janasamkhyayullathukondu (bavaria slavica) eee pradeshatthinte vadakkukizhakkan bhaagangalil kizhakk ninnu slaavukal janasamkhyayundaakkaan thudangi. ennirunnaalum, patthaam noottaandilum pathinonnam noottaandilum avar avarude swantham bhashayum saamskaarika paarambaryavum upekshichu. franconiayile janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagavum madhyakaalakhattatthinte thudakkathil thanne purajaatheeyaraayirunnu, kristheeya vishwaasam shakthamayi pracharippicha aadya aalukal ezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil airish anglo-saaksan sanyaasimaaraayirunnu. ezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathil woorsburgill rakthasaakshithvam varicha thante koottaalikal, vishudha colman, vishudha totten ennivarodoppam fraankukalude apposthalanmaraayi kanakkaakkappedunna vishudha killian orupakshe ducal kottaaratthil oru purajatheeyaneyum nerittitilla. franconiayile saadhaarana janasamkhyayude hridayathilekku aazhathil kristhyan dauthyam vahichathu orupakshe vishudha boniface aayirikkam.
onpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil kizhakkan fraansiyayile anchu gotra allengil stem dachikalil onnaaya franconiayile gotra duchy uyarnnuvannu. innathe hess, vadakkan baden-wurtemberg, thekkan turingia, reinland-paalattinettinte valia bhagangal, bavariayile franconian pravishyakalude chila bhagangal enniva ulkkollunna stem dachiyude pradesham aadhunika franconiayekkaal valare valuthaayirunnu. ithu padinjaaru vare spare, mains, vemukal (kaandaamrigathinu padinjaaru) vare vyaapichu, koodaathe frankfurt ("fraankukalude foord") polum ulppedunnu. patthaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, babanbergukalum konraadeenmaarum franconiayil adhikaarathinaayi poraadi. aathyanthikamayi eee bhinnatha babenberg kalahathilekku nayichu, athu kireedatthaal uthejippikkukayum niyanthrikkappedukayum cheythu. eee kalahathinte phalam babanbergukalude adikaaram nashtappeduka ennathaayirunnu, ennaal parokshamaayi konraadikal kizhakkan fraansiyayude kireedam nedunnathilekku nayichu. 906 oode franconiayude mail thante ducal aadhipathyam sthaapikkunnathil konraad vijayichu, ennaal 911 ll nerittulla carolingian purusha vamshavali paraajayappettappol, konraad jarmman rajaavaayi prashamsikkapettu, pradhaanamaayum swantham dachiyile durbalamaaya sthaanam kaaranam. franconia, alamania pole, valare vighadichathaayirunnu, dukinte sthaanam palappozhum pradhana kudumbangalkkidayil tharkkatthilaayirunnu. konraad thante pinthudarchaavakaashathil thante sahodaran eberhardinu franconia nalkiyirunnu, ennaal 938-ll ottoo onnaamanethire eberhard kalapam nadathiyappol, addehathe duchyil ninnu sthaanabhrashtanaakki, athu 939-ll eberhardinte maranashesham padinjaaru allengil renish franconia (rhenish franconia), kizhakkan franconia (rhenish franconia) ennivayilekku vighadichu, reachinu nerittu keezhppettirunnu. athinusesham maathramaan aadyathethu yadhaartha franconiayaayi worsbergile bishappumaarude paridhiyil kanakkaakkappettath, athinte pradesham kramena athinte ippozhathe pradeshathekku churungi.
athesamayam, worsburghinte niyanthranatthilallaatha innathe upper, middle franconiayile nivaasikalum akkaalat thangaletthanne fraankukalaayi kanakkaakkukayum avarude bhasha avare bavaria, swabia nivaasikalil ninnu verthirichariyukayum cheythu.
mattu stem dachikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, 1024-ll ottoniyakkaar marichathinushesham franconia kizhakkan frankish, jarmman rajaakkanmaarude maathrraajyavum adhikara aditharayum aayi maari. thalphalamaayi, uyarnna madhyakaalakhattathil, eee pradesham saxony, bavaria, swabia ennivayil roopappettathupolulla sakthamaaya praadeshika shakthiyaayi maariyilla. 1007-ll, pilkkala vishudhanaaya henry randaaman bamberg bishoper sthaapikkukayum athinu sambannamaaya estettukal nalkukayum cheythu. bamberg oru priyappetta "fals" aayum saamraajyathinte oru pradhana kendramaayum maari. worsbergile bishapparikkinte chila bhaagangalum bamberghinu keezhilayathinaal, nashtaparihaaramaayi henry randaaman rajaavu woorsburghin niravadhi rajakeeya estettukal nashtappedutthi.
panthrandaam noottaand muthal neuremberg kotta neurembergile bargraaviyettinte aasthaanamaayirunnu. 19-aamm noottaandileyum 20-aamm noottaandileyum jarmman chakravarthikalkku nalkiyirunna hohansolarnte pilkkala bhavanathile franconian vamshamaaya solarnukalaanu ekadesham 1190 muthal bargraaviyett bharichirunnathu. hohanstoufan rajaakkanmaaraaya konraad III, frederic barbarosa ennivarude keezhil franconia saamraajyathile adhikara kendramaayi maari. chakravarty illaathirunna samayat, intergrenium (1254-1273), chila praadeshika rajakumaranmar kooduthal saktharaayi. ennirunnaalum, edakkaalathinushesham, franconiayil sakthamaaya oru rajakeeya prabhuthathvam punasthaapikkunnathil bharanadhikaarikal vijayichu. habsburghile rudolfinte kaalath franconia raajavaazhchaykk veendum oru pradhana punk vahichu; addehathinte pingaamikalude yaathraavivaranangal kaandaamriga-pradhana mekhalaykku avarude munganana kaanichu. 1376ll swabian leag oof sittees sthaapikkappedukayum pinneedu niravadhi franconian saamraajyathva nagarangal athil cherukayum cheythu. 13-aamm noottaandil, 1209-ll franconiayile aadyathe kaivashamulla franconiayude baylivik etteduthukondu tutonic oordar roopeekarikkappettu. niravadhi skoolukaludeyum aashupathrikaludeyum aditharayum eee pradeshathe niravadhi pallikaludeyum kottakaludeyum nirmmanavum eee roman catholica sainika kramatthinte pravarthanatthilekku pookunnu. 1789ll innathe mosham mergenteyimilekku maattunnathuvare beylivikkinte thaamasasthalam elimganilaayirunnu. naitts templer polulla mattu oordarukalkku franconiayil kaalukuthaan kazhinjilla; sent oordar. joonn worsbergile bishapparikkil jolie cheyyukayum hraswakaala commandukal nadathukayum cheythu.
kizhakkan fraansiyayude pingamikalaaya samsthaanangal.
13-aamm noottaandile kanakkanusarichu, muun dachiyude pradeshathu thaazhepparayunna samsthaanangal roopeekarichirunnu
aadhunika kaalaghattam.
aadyakaala aadhunika kaalaghattam.
1500 juulai 2 nuu maximilian onnaaman chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu saamrajyaparishkaara prasthaanatthinte bhaagamaayi saamrajyam saamraajyathva vrithangalaayi vibhajikkapettu. ithu 1512ll franconian vrithathinte roopeekaranathilekku nayichu. aadhunika veekshanakonil ninnu nokkumbol, franconian vrithathe innu nilanilkkunna oru pothu franconian swathuathinte oru pradhana adisthaanamaayi kaanavunnathaanu. franconian vritham innathe franconiayude bhoomishaasthraparamaaya paridhikalum roopappeduthi. madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathilum aadhunika kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathilum, germmaniyile eee mekhalayile cheria samsthaanangalude paachu varkkaya "clainstaatteri" saamraajyathva vrithathe saaramaayi baadhichu. madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathil, worsbergile bishappukal saamraajyathva vrithathinte kaalath duke oof franconia enna naamamaathramaaya padavi upayogichirunnu. 1559-ll franconian sarkkilin naanayangalude ("munsoffsich") adhikaraparidhi nalkukayum 1572-ll svanthamaayi police oordinans purappeduvicha eaka sarkkil aayirikkukayum cheythu.
franconian sarkilile amgangalil saamraajyathva nagarangal, prins-bishop, tutonic oordarile franconiayude bailic, niravadhi kaundikal enniva ulppedunnu. franconiayil prathyekichu valia ennam undaayirunna avarude cheria pradeshangalulla saamraajyathva naitukal sarkkil assemblic puratthaayirunnu, 1806 vare aarr naitts kantonukal ulkkollunna franconian naitts sarkkil ("frankisher returcrise") roopeekarichu. mukalil soochippicha franconiayude vyaapthi tharkkavishayamayathinaal, franconian sarkkilin purathulla niravadhi pradeshangal innu franconiayude bhaagamaayi kanakkakkappedaam. udaaharanathinu, aschafenberg pradesham electoral mainsinteyum electoral rainish sarkilinteyum bhaagamaayirunnu, coburg pradesham upper saaksan sarkilinteyum healbron pradesham swabian sarkilinteyum bhaagamaayirunnu. pathinaram noottaandil franconiayile kaundukalude thaalpparyangale prathinidheekarikkunnathini franconian kaundukalude koleju sthaapikkappettu.
luther baibil achadicha sthalangalilonnaaya neuremberg martin luther aarambhicha parishkaranatthinte vyaapanathil franconia oru pradhana punk vahichu. mattu franconian saamraajyathva nagarangalilum saamraajyathva naittukalilum bhooribhaagavum puthiya kuttasammatham sweekarichu. ennirunnaalum, ethir-parishkaranatthinte samayat franconiayude niravadhi pradeshangal katholikkavaadathilekku madangiyethi, manthravaadikalude vichaaranakalilum vardhanavundaayi. lutheranisathinu purame, samoolamaaya parishkarana baptist prasthaanam franconian pradeshathudaneelam vyaapichu. conigsburg, neuremberg ennivayaayirunnu pradhana snapana kendrangal.
1525-ll, kanatha nikuthiyudeyum saamoohikapravarthanathinu bharam, parishkarana prasthaanavumaayi bandhapetta puthiya, udara ashayangal enniva jarmman karshakarude yudhathe azhichuvittu. niravadhi kottakalum ashramangalum kathichathinaal woorsburg pradesham prathyekichum kanatha durithatthilaayi. ennirunnaalum, oduvil, prakshobhangal adichamarthappedukayum noottaandukalaayi samoohathile ettavum thaazhnna vibhaagangale ellah rashtreeya pravarthanangalil ninnum ozhivaakkukayum cheythu.
1552 muthal, margrave albert alsibiades shakthiyeriya saamraajyathva nagaramaya nyoorambarginte aadhipathyam thakarkkanum randaam margrave yudhathil sabhaa estettukale mathetharavalkkarikkaanum thaan bharikkenda oru duchy srishtikkaanum shramichu. franconiayude valia pradeshangal oduvil pooraattatthil nasippikkappettu, ferdinand onnaaman rajaavum niravadhi rajakumaaranmaarum rajakumaaranmaarum chernnu albertine attimarikkaan theerumaanikkunnu.
1608-ll parishkaricha rajakumaranmar saamrajyathinullil union ennu vilikkappedunna oru unionilekku layichu. franconiayil, ansbakkinteyum beyroothinteyum maargrevukalum saamraajyathva nagarangalum eee sakhyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu. 1609ll catholica paksham ethir sakhyamaaya leegiloode prathikarichu. rund kyaambukalum thammilulla samgharshangal aathyanthikamayi muppath varshathe yudhathinu kaaranamaayi, ithu thudakkathil franconian sarkkilinte aikyathin ettavum valia sammarddamaayirunnu, franconia oru yudhavediyaayirunnilla, ennirunnaalum sainyangal aavarthichu athinte pradesham kadannirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1631-ll gustavas adolphasinte keezhil sweedish sainyam franconiayilekku munnerukayum 1632-leeii venalkkaalath neuremberghinu chuttum oru valia camp sthaapikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, vaalansteente sainyathinethire nadanna alte vestte yudhathil sweedish paraajayappedukayum oduvil pinmaarukayum cheythu. saamraajyathile ettavum daridramaaya pradeshangalilonnaya franconiaykku athinte saamraajyathva rashtreeya praadhaanyam nashtappettu. yudhathil pradeshavaasikalil pakuthiyolam perkkum jeevan nashtappettu. eee nashtam nikathunnathinaayi, naadukadatthappetta austriyakkaar ulppede 150,000 oolam kudiyozhippikkappett protestant nivaasikal protestant pradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakki.
franconia orikkalum oru ekeekritha praadeshika rajyamaayi vikasichilla, kaaranam cheria samsthaanangalude ("clainstaatteri") paachu varkk metha madhyakaalakhattathe athijeevikkukayum pathinettaam noottaand vare nilanilkkukayum cheythu. thalphalamaayi, samadhaanam samrakshikkuka, durupayogangal thadayuka, yudhathile naashanashtangal pariharikkuka ennee pradhana chumathalakal franconian sarkkilin undaayirunnu, vishudha roman saamraajyathinte avasaanam vare eee mekhalayil niyanthranaparamaaya punk vahichirunnu. spanish pinthudarchaavakaashathinthi yuddham vare, sarkkil eathaandu swathanthramaaya oru samghadanayaayi maarukayum luis pathinaaraamanethire oru paramadhikaara rashtramenna nilayil mahaasakhyam cherukayum cheythu. eee sarkkil oru kshemaraashtrathinte aadyakaala roopangalum vikasippichu. 16, 17 noottaandukalil roga niyanthranatthilum ithu oru pradhana punk vahichu. 1792ll chaals alexander sthaanathyaagam cheythathinushesham, ansbakkinteyum beyroothinteyum muun maargraavettukale prussia pidichadakki. kaal august freeher voonn hardenberghine eee pradeshangalude govarnoraayi prussia niyamichu.
pinneedu aadhunika kaalaghattam.
1803ll nepolian rajyavumaayulla baveriyayude sakhyam kaaranam aadhunika franconiayude bhooribhaagavum baveriyayude bhaagamaayi. ennirunnaalum, saamskaarikamaayi ithu bavaria properayil ("altbern", pazhaya bavaria) ninnu pala tharatthil vyathyasthamaan. 1837ll bavariayile ludwig onnaamanaan eee purathana peru punarujjeevippichathu. naasi kaalaghattatthil, bavaria franconia, maine-franconia ennivayulppede niravadhi vyathyastha goayukalaayi vibhajikkapettu.
pathonpathaam noottaand.
1803-ll mathetharavalkkaranathinum madhyasthathaykkum vendi neppoliyante sammarddathethudarnnu "reaches deputations-hapschlus" nadappaakkunnathiloode bavaria rajyamaayi maaranirunna raajyathin franconiayude valia bhagam nalkappettu. 1806-leeii konfedareshan niyamam bavaria, wurtemberg, badden, fransumaayulla mattu pradeshangal enniva thammilulla sakthamaaya bandhatthilekku nayichu, thudarnnu franconian sarkkil ulppedeyulla vishudha roman saamrajyam thakarnnu. oru prathifalamaayi neuremberg nagaram ulppedeyulla mattu estettukalkku bavaria vaagdaanam cheyyappettu. 1803leeii "rittarstarm" ennu vilikkappedunna kaalaghattatthil, bavaria, wurtemberg, badden ennivar saamraajyathva naittukaludeyum franconian prabhukkanmaarudeyum pradeshangal pidichedutthu, avarude estettukal palappozhum kurachu edavakakalekkaal valuthaayirunnilla, ennirunnaalum "reaches deputations houptslas" ithinu amgeekaaram nalkiyirunnilla. 1806lum 1810lum prashyaykku 1792ll pidichadakkiya ansbakkinteyum beyroothinteyum pradeshangal bawariaykku vittukodukkendivannu, athuvazhi prashyaykku eee mekhalayile aadhipathyam nashtappettu.
1814-ll vienna kongrasinte falamaayi ashfenberg principaalittiyudeyum worsbergile grand dachiyudeyum pradeshangal bavaria raajyathin kaimari. franconiayileyum swaabiyayileyum cheria samsthaanangalude paachu varkk rajaundu oru valia bavariayilekku layippikkunnathinaayi maximilian josaf montjelas rashtreeya ghadana parishkarichu. ithil ninnu 1838 januvariyil franconian pravishyakal uyarnnuvannu, avayude ippozhathe perukal middle, upper, lover franconia ennaanu. bavariayile puthiya amgathvathekkurichu franconian pradeshangalude chila bhaagangalil ganyamaaya amarsham uyarnnu. 1848, 1849 leeii kalaapangalilum 1832 leeii gaiback utsavathilum republican gadanakalkkaayi udaaramaaya aavasyangal uyarnnuvannu. oru vashath vitalsbaakkukaludeyum mondjelaasukaludeyum melpparanja ekeekarana nayatthinte anuranjana nayavum maruvashathu 1871 ll jarmman saamraajyathil bavaria ulppeduthiyathum avalude shakti bavaria cheruthaayi durbalappeduthiyathum franconia bavaria thammilulla samgharsham ganyamaayi laghookarikkukayum cheythu.
1836 muthal 1846 vare bavaria raajyam bambergill ninnu kelheim vare ludwig kanal nirmmichu, athu 1950 ll upekshikkappettu. ennirunnaalum, reyilveyude varavinushesham udan thanne kanaalinte praadhaanyam nashtappettu. 1843 num 1854 num idayil franconiaykkullil ludwig southu-north railway sthaapikkappettu, ithu lindauyil ninnu neuremberg, bamberg, kulback vazhi hofilake ozhukunnu. jarmman mannil oodunna aadyathe locomotive 1835 desember 7 nuu neurembergil ninnu farthilekku aaviyil ethi.
irupathaam noottaand.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham bavariayile rajavaazhcha nirthalaakkappettuvenkum soviyatt samvidaanavum paarlamenteriyanisavum thammilulla vittuveezhchayil samsthaanathinu yojikkan kazhinjilla. ithu ethir kyaambukal thammilulla ettumuttalinu kaaranamavukayum annathe pradhaanamanthrikk vediyelkkukayum cheythu. thalphalamaayi, sarkkar 1919-ll bambergilekk palayanam cheythu, avide bavarian soviyatt republic myoonikkil hrasvamaayi bharichappol bamberg bharanaghadana amgeekarikkappettu. 1919ll swatantra samsthaanamaaya coburg turingiyayil cherunnathinethireyulla oru hitaparisodhanayil vottu cheyyukayum pakaram 1920 juulai 1nuu bavariayumaayi aikyappedukayum cheythu.
naasi kaalaghattatthil naasi party sthiramaaya aasthaanamenna nilayil deseeya soshyalistukalude svayam aavishkaarathil neuremberg oru pradhana punk vahichu. jootha janathaykkethire vivechanam kaanicha reachile thanne aadyathe pattanangalilonnayi gunsenhousen thante vyakthimudra pathippichu. 1933 eprilil germmaniyile aadyathe hitlar smaarakam avide sthaapikkappettu. 1934 march 25 nuu bavariayile aadyathe jootha virudha vamshahathya gunsenhousen nagaratthil nadannu. eee akramanam lokamembaadumulla nagarathinu negatteevu pathra kavarej konduvannu. septambar 15 nuu neuremberg niyamangal paasakkunnathinaayi neurembergil oru reachstag prathyekamaayi vilichucherthu, athinu keezhil naasikalude yahoodavirudha prathyayashaasthram atharam pravarthanangalkku niyamaparamaaya adisthaanamaayi maari.
jarmman raichinte ellah bhaagangaleyum pole, franconia sakhyakakshikalude vyomaakramanangal saaramaayi baadhichu. oru pradhana vyaavasaayika kendravum gathagatha kendravum enna nilayil neuremberg prathyekichum saaramaayi baadhichu. 1940num 1945num idayil dussen kanakkinu vyomaakramanangalude lakshyamayirunnu eee nagaram. mattu pala sthalangaleyum vyomaakramanam baadhichu. udaaharanathinu, 1944 desember 4 nuu hailbronil nadanna vyomaakramanavum 1945 march 16 nuu woorsburgill nadanna bombakramanavum, athil rund pazhaya pattanangalum eathaandu poornnamaayum nasippikkappettu, ithu rund nagarangalkkum oru duranthamaayirunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, pazhaya pattanamaya bamberg eathaandu poornnamaayum rakshapettu. saamskaarika puravasthukkal samrakshikkunnathinaayi, neuremberg kottaykku thaazheyaan charitraparamaaya art bunker nirmmichathu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanakhattangalil, 1945 march avasaanathilum eprililum, balj yudhathinteyum ooppareshan nordwindinteyum paraajayathetthudarnnu padinjaaru ninnu munneriya yuu. ezz sainyathinte roopeekaranangal franconian pattanangalum nagarangalum pidichedutthu. neuremberg yuddham anchu divasam neenduninnu, kuranjathu 901 maranangalkk kaaranamaayi. cryleshime yuddham 16 divasavum woorsburg yuddham ezhu divasavum merckendorff yuddham moonnu divasavum neenduninnu.
1945 meyy 8 nuu nirupaadhikamaaya keezhadangalinetthudarnnu, bavarian franconia american adhinivesha mekhalayude bhaagamaayi maari; austaim polulla cheria enclaveukal ozhikeyulla thekkan turingia soviyatt mekhalayude bhaagamaayi maari, innathe badden-wortemberginte franconian bhaagangalum american mekhalayilekku pooyi. naasi bharanathinte nethaakkalkkethiraaya sakhya prosecution prograaminte ettavum pradhanappetta bhagam naasi kaalaghattatthil jarmman saamraajyathinte nethaakkalkkethiraaya neuremberg vichaaranayayirunnu, 1945 november 20 muthal 1949 epril 14 vare nadannu. neuremberg vichaaranakal oru pradhana kuttakrithyangalkku, prosecutionil ninnu oru prathirodhavumilla enna thathwathinte oru vazhithirivayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. aadyamaayi, oru paramadhikaara raashtrathinte prathinidhikal avarude pravarthanangalkku utharavaadikalaayi. 1946-leeii sharathkaalathil bavarian bharanaghadana nadappaakkiyathode bavaria enna swatantra raashtram punasamghadippikkappettu.
1945 septambar 19 nuu wurtemberg-badden samsthaanam sthaapithamaayi. 1952 epril 25 nuu eee samsthaanam badden, wurtemberg-hohensolarn (randum muun franch adhinivesha mekhalayil ninnullava) ennivayumaayi layippichu nilavile badden-wurtemberg samsthaanam srishtichu. 1945 desember 1nuu hesse samsthaanam sthaapithamaayi. 1945 muthal, kizhakkan europil ninnulla abhayaarthikalum kudiyozhippikkappett aalukalum prathyekichu graamapradesangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. 1945 nuu sesham, pradhaanamaayum kaarshika sambadvyavasthakalil ninnu "wirtschaftswander" ennu vilikkappedunna pramukha vyaavasaayika samsthaanangalaayi maranullah parivartthanam bawaria badden-wortemberg kaikaaryam cheythu. thaazhnna, uyarnna franconiayil, kaarshika uthppannangalude vipanikalil ninnu valare akaleyulla, kudiyettavum thaarathamyena uyarnna thozhilillaaymayum baadhicha jarmman athirthiyile mekhalayude prashnam ippozhum undaayirunnu, athinaalaan eee pradeshangalkk federal, samsthaana sarkkaarukalil ninnu prathyeka pinthuna labhichathu.
ithinu vipareethamaayi, 1945-ll soviyattukal turingia samsthaanam punasthaapichu. 1949 october 7-nuu kizhakkan jarmmani ennariyappedunna jarmman janaadhipathya republic sthaapithamaayi. 1952ll kizhakkan germmaniyile 1952leeii bharanaparishkaaratthinte bhaagamaayi turingia samsthaanam athinte pravarthanatthilninnu mochithamaayi. soviyatt adhinivesha seena uyarnna thothilulla nashtapariharam (prathyekichu vyaavasaayika soukaryangal thakarkkal) eedaakkukayum ithu kizhakkan germmaniyile prarambha saambathika saahacharyangale valare budhimuttaakkukayum cheythu. gdrinte parajayappetta saambathika nayangalkoppam, ithu juun 17leeii kalaapathin aakkam koottiya oru pothu niraashayilekku nayichu. franconian pradeshangalilum prathishedhangal nadannu, udaaharanathinu shmalkaldenil. 41 varshatholam jarmman athirthi vazhi vibhajikkappettirunna eee graamathinu 'littil berlin' ennu vilipperullathinaal modelerooth graamam prashasthamaayi. 1989 november 9nuu berlin mathil thakarnnathum 1990 october 3nuu punarekeekaranavum, pradhaanamaayum kizhakkan germmaniyile bahujana prakadanangalum kizhakkan jarmmankaarude praadeshika palayanam vazhiyum saadhyamaaya "dye vende" ennathinushesham, 1990 october 14 muthal praabalyatthil vanna turingia samsthaanam parishkarikkapettu.
1971 muthal 1980 vareyulla varshangalil kooduthal kaaryakshamamaya munisippaalittikalum ("jaminden") kaundikalum ("landcrise") srishtikkuka enna lakshyathode bavaariyayil oru bharanaparamaya parishkkaranam nadappaakki. chilappol janasamkhyayude valia prathishedhatthinethire, munisippaalittikalude ennam moonnilonnu kurayukayum kaundikalude ennam pakuthiyolam kurayukayum cheythu. eee mattangalil onnu middle franconian kaundi oof aishstaat upper bavaariyayilekk maattunnathaayirunnu. 2006 meyy 18 nuu bavarian landtag swatantra samsthaanathinte franconian pradeshangalil franconia dinam ("tagg derr franken") avatharippikkan amgeekaaram nalki.
dye vende" ennathinushesham, puthiya (munbu kizhakkan jarmman) federal samsthaanangalilum check republicilum franconian pradeshamaaya bavariaykku puthiya vipanikal thurannirikkunnu, ithu sambadvyavasthaye veendedukkaan prapthamaakkunnu. innu franconia europian yooniyante madhyathilaanu (padinjaaran grandinaduthulla obervestanil;).
samakaalika franconia.
pazhaya bavaria roman catholicanaayirikke franconia oru sammishra pradesamaanu. lover franconia upper franconiayude padinjaaran pakuthiyum (bamberg, lichenfels, chronac) pradhaanamaayum catholicaraanu, athesamayam upper franconiayude madhya, kizhakkan pakuthiyil bhooribhaagavum (bairut, hoff, kulback) pradhaanamaayum protestantaanu (germmaniyile ivaanchalikkal charchu).
charitraparamaayi (naasi kaalaghattatthinu munbu) middle franconiayile farth nagaratthil oru valia jootha janasamkhya undaayirunnu; henry kissinger avide janichu.
janasamkhya.
anchu dasalaksham janasamkhyayulla franconiayile janasamkhyayude valiyoru bhagam, alamani, swabian, bavarian, turingian, saaksan ennivaykkoppam jarmman janathayude oru upa-vamseeya grouppaaya franconianmaaraayi (charitraparamaaya fraankukalude perilulla jarmman bhashayil "franken") svayam kanakkakkunnu. atharamoru vamseeya swathuam saadhaaranayaayi franconian samsaarikkunna pradeshatthinte mattu bhagangal pankidunnilla (athile amgangal raine franconians ("reinfranken") allengil moselle franconians ("mosalfrankan") ennu thirichariyaam.
bavarian, swabian, sudettan jarmmanmar ennivarkkoppam "bavariayile naalu gothrangalil" ("viyar staam bayens") onnaayi franconiakkaare baveriyayude swatantra raashtram kanakkakkunnu.
nagarangalum nagarangalum.
hailbron ozhike franconiayile ellah nagarangalum 50,000-thiladhikam janasamkhyayulla ellah pattanangalum bavaria enna swatantra samsthaanathilaanu. neuremberg, woorsburg, farth, hailbron, erlanchan ennivayaanu franconiayile anchu nagarangal. middle franconiayil, neuremberg metropolittan mekhalayil neuremberg, farth, erlanchan, shwabak enniva ulkkollunna janasaandrathayulla oru nagarapradeshamund. germmaniyile pathinaalaamatthe valia nagravum bavariayile randaamathe valia nagaravumaan neuremberg.
baden-wortemberginte franconian mekhalayile ettavum valia vaasasthalangal hailbron (poppa 117,531), shwabis haal (37,096), cryleshime (32,417) ennivayaanu. sul (35,665), soneberg (23,796), miningen (20,966) ennivayaanu turingian bhaagathe ettavum valia sthalangal.
franconiayude hessian bhaagathe ettavum valia sthalam 5,512 nivaasikalulla gersfeldaanu. neuremberg (495,121), woorsburg (124,577), farth (118,358), erlangen (105,412) ennivayaanu bavaariyayile ettavum valia nagarangal.
madhyakaalakhattathil franconia, niravadhi pattanangal, vyathyasthamaayirunnu, duchy oof bavaria polulla mattu pradeshangalude bhagamaayirunnilla. madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathil gramangalil ninnu valare apoorvvamaayi maathram verthirichedutha eathaanum noorukanakkinu muthal ayiram vare nivaasikalulla cheria pattanangal pradhaanamaayum aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunnu. pala pattanangalum valia nadikalkkidayilaanu valarnnathu allengil prins-bishappumarum prabhukkanmaarum sthaapichavayaanu. hohanstoufens polum pala pattanangalilum pravarthichu, avayil bhooribhaagavum pinneedu neurembergilekku sakthamaaya aabhimukhyam pulartthiyirunna saamraajyathva nagarangalayi maari. 487 nivaasikalulla turingiayile ummerstad aanu franconiayile ettavum cheria pattanam.
bhasha.
jarmman aanu audyogika bhasha, koodaathe "lingwa franca" koodiyaanu. mattu bhasha pradeshangalil ninno kudiyettakkaarude janmanaattil ninno varunna niravadhi bhashakal samsaarikkappedunnu.
franconiayil samsaarikkunna kizhakkan franconian jarmman bhasha, pradhaanamaayum upper paalattinett, upper, lover bavaria, austriyayude bhooribhaagavum vadakkan italiyude chila bhaagangalum kaanapedunna austro-bavarian bhasha thudarchayil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaan. oru franconian polum svayam bavarian ennu vilikkaathirikkanulla oru kaaranam ithaanu. franconian raashtram illengilum, chuvappum vella franconiayude samsthaana nirangalayi ("landesfarbon") kanakkaakkappedunnu (baveriyayude neelayum vella).
mathangal.
kristhumatham.
franconiayile janasamkhyayil roman katholikkarudeyum protestantukaludeyum anupatham ekadesham thulyamaanenkilum oro pradeshathum vyathyaasappedunnu. madhya, uyarnna franconiayude valia pradeshangal pradhaanamaayum protestant aanu.
franconian sarkkilinte samayat franconiayude praadeshika ghadanaye innum denaminational ooriyanteshan prathifalippikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, bamberg, woorsburg, aishtaatt ennividangalile bishappukalude samrakshanathilundaayirunna pradeshangal innu pradhaanamaayum catholicaraanu. maruvashathu, saamraajyathva nagarangalile ellah muun pradeshangalum ansbakkinteyum beyroothinteyum maargraavettukalum pradhaanamaayum lutheranaayi thudarunnu. fraansile sent barthalomuse day koottakkolaykk sesham avide ninnu palayanam cheytha hyooganattukaarude abhayakendramaayirunnu beyroothile maargraaviyettinte bhagamaaya erlangen nagarathinu chuttumulla pradesham.
andreas osiyaandarinte keezhil neurembergile parishkaranatthinte vijayathethudarnnu, ithu oru protestant saamraajyathva nagaramaayirunnu, koodaathe "reachstagil" saamraajyathva samsthaanangalude protestant leegaya corpus ivaanchalikorathil ulppettirunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinu sheshamulla abhayaarthikalude pravaahavum janasamkhyayude vardhichuvarunna chalanaseshiyum polulla thudarnnulla charitra sambhavangal athinusesham vibhageeya bhoomishaasthraparamaaya athirthikale mangikkukayum cheythu.
kizhakkan europil ninnulla kudiyettakkaarude varavum franconiayil oru yaadhaasthithika samooham sthaapikkappedaan kaaranamaayi. madhya, vadakkan europile germmaniyile roman oorthadoox metropolisinte aasthaanam neurembergilaanu.
joothamatham.
naasi kaalaghattatthinu munbu franconia ganyamaaya jootha samoohangalulla oru pradeshamaayirunnu, avaril bhooribhaagavum ashkenazi joothanmaaraayirunnu. aadyathe jootha samoohangal franconiayil 12,13 noottaandukalil prathyakshappettu, udaaharanathinu, regensburghinekkaal pinneedu. madhyakaalakhattathil franconia thora padanangalude shakthikendramaayirunnu. ennaal franconia jootha janataye prathyekichu aadyakaalangalil thanne ozhivakkaan thudangi. udaaharanathinu, rund jootha koottakkolakal undaayirunnu-1298 leeii rintflesh koottakola 1336-1338 nte amleder kalapavum-pathinanjaam noottaandilum pathinaram noottaandilum niravadhi nagarangal avarude jootha janataye naadukadatthi, athinaalaan niravadhi juthanmaar grameena samoohangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiyathu. naasi kaalaghattatthil joothanmaarodulla vivechanathil franconia aadyakaala praadhaanyathilekku uyarnnu. joothanmaarkkethiraaya samghaditha naasi peedanatthinte aadya maranangalilonnu march 21 nuu kunselsavilum 1933 march 25/26 nuu creglinganilum nadannu, avide "standertenfurer" fritts kleyininte neethrthwathil police sainikarum "aayudha thirayal pravartthanangal" ennu vilikkappedunnathinu neethrthwam nalki.
1818ll ekadesham 65 sathamaanam bavarian juthanmaarum franconiayude bavarian bhagathaanu thaamasichirunnathu, innu bamberg, bairut, erlanchan, farth, hoff, neuremberg, woorsburg, badden-wurtembergile hailbron ennividangalil maathramaan jootha samoohangal ullathu.
islam.
gaastarbeettarmaarudeyum" musleem rajyangalil ninnulla mattu kudiyettakkaarudeyum varavu kaaranam, prathyekichu valia nagarangalil islam anuyaayikal valarunnathu thudarunnu. thalphalamaayi, niravadhi "veettumuttathe pallikal" ("hinterhofmoshine") valarnnu, avaa kramena nirmmicha pallikalaal maattisthaapikkappedunnu.
samskaaram.
franconiayil ekadesham 300 cheria madyanirmmaanashaalakalundu.
vadakkupadinjaaran bhaagangalil, franconian wine mekhala ennu vilikkappedunna pradhana nadikku chuttumulla pradeshangalum dhaaraalam veenju uthpaadippikkunnu. braatvarst (prathyekichu prashasthamaaya cheria neuremberger braatvarst), "shouferla" (roost porkku sholder), sorbraattan, dumplings, urulakkizhangu salad (saadhaaranayaayi chaaru upayogichu nirmmikkunnath), varutha carp, groupfeder (seasoned chees spread), "pressack" (oru tharam head cheesa naav, kavilukal muthalaayava amarthiyatho jellie cheythatho aaya panniyirachi trimmingukal) ennivayaanu eee pradeshathe saadhaarana bhakshanagal.). lebkuchen oru parambaraagatha tharam jincherbread aanu, kuchla orutharam madhuramulla varutha pastriyaanu.
vinodasanjaaram.
vinodasanjaara vyavasaayam franconiayude romaantik swabhaavathinu oonnal nalkunnu. manoharamaaya graamapradeshangalum eee pradeshatthinte neenda charithravum samskaaravum avatharippikkunna niravadhi charitraparamaaya kettidangalum ithinulla vaadangalil ulppedunnu. koodaathe, pradhana vyaavasaayika nagarangalkk purathulla thaarathamyena kurachu vyaavasaayika pattanangal eduthukaanikkunnu. bear undaakkunna sambannamaaya paarambaryamaaya franconian veenjum "lebkuchenerry" allengil jincherbread baking polulla praadeshika paachaka savisheshathakalum vipananam moolyamulla oru akarshanamaayi kaanapedunnu, ithu franconia germmaniyile oru janapriya vinodasanjaara kendramaakki maattunnu. ettavum ariyappedunna jarmman theem roottaaya romaantik rooad padinjaaran franconiayile niravadhi vinodasanjaara kendrangale bandhippikkunnu. niravadhi kottakalum mattu madhyakala gadanakalum ulla kotta rooad franconian mekhalayiludaneelam kadannupokunnu.
valia nadikalkkidayiloode saikkil chavittunnath valare janapriyamaan, udaaharanathinu pradhana cyclewayil, ooljemeynar dusher fahrad-club (eiii. dii. eph. sii) anchu nakshathrangal nalkia aadyathe jarmman deerghadoora saikkilve aayirunnu ithu. touber franconiayile 101 kilometer neelamulla saikkil paathayaya touber vaali saikkilve anchu nakshathrangal labhikkuna randaamathe jarmman deerghadoora saikkilveyayirunnu.

