
santong yuddham

1242num 1243num idayil nadanna oru fudal rajavamsha samghattanamaayirunnu santonch yuddham. luis onpathaam raajaavinte sahodaran aalphons, pooyittiyarmaarude ennam, lucignante hyoog X, toolousinte reymond VII, englandinte henry III ennivare pinthunaykkunna kaapeshyan sainyathe ithu ethirthu. thante pithaavinte bharanakaalathu nashtappetta angevin swathukkal veendedukkaamennu avasaanathe aal pratheekshichu. fraansinte madhya-padinjaaru bhaagathulla vishudharkku chuttumulla pradesamaanu santonch, koodaathe mikka poraattangalum nadanna sthalamaanithu.
poytouvile louisile saamanthanmaar addehathinte sahodaran aalphonsine poytou aayi kanakkakkiyathil athrupthi prakadippikkukayum pakaram engleesh raajaavinte sahodaranaaya konvaalile richaardinu eee padavi nalkanamennu theerumaanikkukayum cheythathinaal samgharsham udaleduthu. franch sainyam engleesh, vimatha senaye tailberg yudhathil nirnnaayakamaayi paraajayappedutthukayum vishudharude uparodhathil poraattam avasanippikkukayum cheythu. luis tolasiyanmaare keezhadangan kooduthal adichamarthi. oru vishudhamaaya aamgyamaayum oru kurishuyudhathinu pookunnathinaayi kooduthal samadhaanam thedunnathaayum addeham gayane henryilekku punasthaapichu. aii. dii. 1-leeii anglo-franch yuddham vare engleeshukaarum franchukaarum thammilulla avasaanathe pradhana samghattanamaayirunnu eee yuddham. 
englandile joonn onnaaman raajaavinte keezhil nashtappetta anchevin saamrajyam punasthaapikkumenna henriyude pratheekshakalkk anthyam kurikkukayum englandile randaam baarans yudhathinu vithukal nattupidippikkukayum cheythathayi yuddham prakhyaapichu, kaaranam panam paazhakkunnathum baaranukalkkidayil rajaavinodulla vardhichuvarunna amarshavum kaaranam, avarude kazhchappadil addehathinte svechaadhipathya reethikal (magna carta avaganichukondu), yudhathile addehathinte kazhivillaayma enniva kaaranam.
oru fudal kalapam.
france englandum thammil nadanna "nooru varshathe yuddha" thinte mungamiyude eee episodinte uthbhavam lucignan prabhuvaya hyoog ex enna poyatvin baarante kalapathilaayirunnu. fraansile joonn raajaavinte kaivashamulla bhoomi, prathyekichu poyattiyezhsil, philipp augustus rajaavu kandukettiyathiloodeyanu eee samgharshathinte uravidam uthbhavichath. joninte randaamathe mootha makan henry moonnaamante sahodaranumaaya konvaalile richard erl johninte maranashesham posittezhs aayi kanakkaakkappettirunnum ithu naamamaathramaayirunnu. philipp augustasinte makan fraansile rajaavumaaya luis VIII pakaram thante randaamathe mootha makanaaya aalphons dii poyittezhsinu padavi kaimari. 1240ll addeham cheytha 18-aamm vayass vare aalphonsine thante bhoomi kaivashappeduthaan anuvadichilla. 1241 juunil, luis VIII-yude makanaaya fraansile luis onpathaam rajaavu anjouvile soumooril oru pleanary kodathi nadathukayum thante sahodaran aalphons praayapoorthiyaayathode padavi kaivashappeduthaan thayyaaraanenn prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. aaa avasarathil, pravishyayile prabhukkanmaarude adaranjali alphonsinu labhichu, avaril ettavum shaktharaaya lusignante hoog ex polum nalki.
lucignanile thante kudumbatthinte shaktikendram, montrooyil-bonin kotta, ellaattinumupariyaayi maarche kaundi ennivayulppede niravadhi bhoomi hyoog poyittauvil kaivashappeduthiyirunnu. france, englandu raajyangalude thudarchayaaya thalasthaanangalil ninnu valare akale akvitteyninte hridayabhaagathu lucignan svayambharanathinte oru neenda paarambaryamundaayirunnu. athinaal, lucignanmar eee mekhalayile thalasthaana adhikaarathodu yojichavarayirunnilla. henriyudeyum richaardinteyum amayum ippol hyooginte pankaaliyumaaya angolemile isabelle, thante makanu thaan naamamaathramaayi vahichirunna padavi audyogikamaayi labhikkathathil prathyekichum niraashanaayirunnu. mattu niravadhi poitevin prabhukkanmarkkoppam, kaapeshyan raajakudumbathinte vardhichuvarunna adhapathanathinu svayambharanaavakaasham nashtappedunnathu amgeekarikkaan haginu kazhinjilla, angane poitevin prabhukkanmaar kaapett bhavanathinethire oru konfedarasi roopeekarichu. 1241-leeii chrismus samayathaayirunnu samgharshathinte arambham, isabelleyude preranayil lusagnanile hoog ex, kooru nirasichukondu swantham kottaaratthile puthiya poyittiyezhsine apamaanichu. toolousile reymond VII, kaundu oof toolouse, 1229 leeii paarees udambadikku pariharam thedi (ithu albijensian kurishuyuddham avasaanippichu), athinte nibandhanakalkku keezhil addehathinu thante bhooribhaagam bhoomiyum nashtappettu, angane kalapakaarikalaaya baaranukalilum chernnu, pakshe kurachukaalathekku pooraattatthil pankedukkilla.
kaapeshyan prathikaranam.
udan thanne, captian kudumbam prathikarichu. 1242 januvari 5 nuu, poyittiyezhs kaundu aalphons eesttarinaayi chinonile pooyitvin prabhukkanmaare orumichu vilichu. vishwastha prabhukkanmaarum mattullavar vishwastharallengilum lusignante shathrukkalum eee abhyarthanayodu prathikarichu. addehathinte amma blanche oof kaastili munbu baronial kalaapangale neridukayum 1226 muthal "bailister" (fudal niyamathile anantharaavakaashiyude samrakshakan) enna thalakkettode rajakeeya karyangal thudarukayum cheythirunnuvenkilum, luis onpathaam thante sahodarante sahaayathilekku pooyi laa maarche kaundiyude niyanthranam nirbandhithamaayi ettedukkaan theerumaanichu. eprilil, chila samakaalikar ekadesham 50,000 kanakkakkiya oru senaye luis chinonil aninirathi. meyy 9 nuu addeham lucignan kottayaaya montrooyil-bonin kottaykkethire march cheythu. niravadhi vimatha kottakal pidicheduttha sesham addeham vishudharilekku neengi. meyy 20nuu henry richard porttsmoutthil ninnu royanilekku purappedukayum kalapakaarikalaaya franch prabhukkanmaarodoppam chernnu 30,000tholam ennamulla oru sainyam roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. rund rajaakkanmaarum kathukal kaimari, pakshe avar onnum pariharichilla. kaundu oof poytou enna padavi ippozhum thante sahodaranaaya richaardintethaanu ennathinte adisthaanathil thante mungaamikalude munkaala angievin saamrajyam veendedukkaan henrique uddeshyamundaayirunnu. 1230ll fraansilekkulla oru paryaveshanathinu neethrthwam nalkiyirunnathinaal fraansil henry nadatthiya aadya yudhamaayirunnilla ithu, ennirunnaalum, kazhinja yudhathinte mosham phalangal thirichupidikkaan hyoog aavashyamaaya pinthuna nalkumennu henrique bodhyamaayi. lover pooyittoo keezhadakkiyappol juulai 16 nuu addeham sent louisinethire yuddham prakhyaapichu. juulai 20nuu franch sainyam anivaryamaaya ettumuttal nadanna tailbergil ethi.
tailberg yuddham.
joolaiyude madhyathode henry tonay-chaaranteyilekku munnerukayum luis tailberginu vadakku seyint-jeane-dii 'aanjaliyilekku maarukayum cheythu, sainyangal tailbergile kammyoonil sthithicheyyunna chaarantte nadikku kurukeyulla paalatthilethaan uddeshichu. henry hugg avarude sainyathe nadiyude padinjaaran theerathulla seyint jaims graamathinu sameepam vinyasikkukayum ayal vayalil camp cheyyukayum cheythappol louisine tailbergile prabhuvaya jiophroy dii ranconinte kottakettya kottaratthilekku swaagatham cheythu. juulai 21 allengil 22 nuu chila franch sainikarumaayi moorchayulla ettumuttalilekku nayicha neekkamaaya tailberg paalatthinte idathu karaye samrakshikkaan oru advance gaardine ayaykkaan henry theerumaanichu. eee ettumuttal thudaraan luis theerumaanikkukayum muzhuvan franch sainyavumaayum poornna akramanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. aakramanathmakamaaya franch akramanangal aaa divasam nayikkukayum engleesh rajaavu kalapakaarikalaaya baranukalkkoppam thekk sents pattanatthilekku palayanam cheyyukayum cheythu. vishudharude vadakku oru neenda samgharsham thudarnnu, ennirunnaalum engleeshukaar oru nischitha reethiyil parajayappettu. louisinu engleesh sainyathekkaal kurachu aalukale maathrame nashtappettulloovenkilum addehathinte sainyathe nashippicha vayarilakkathinte pakarchavyaadhiye neridendivannu. ithu aagastode paareesilekk madangaan louisineyum aalukaleyum nirbandhitharaakki.
vishudharude uparodham.
juulai 22 allengil 23-nuu franch sainyam vishudharude nagaram uparodhichu. haginu neratthe avakaashappettathupole athra pinthunayillennu manassilakkiya henry bordoilek pinmari. taamasiyaathe, pouranmaar nagaratthinte thacol louisinu kaimari.
fraansile kalaapathinte pariharam.
vishudharude uparodhathinusesham thaan nirashaajanakamaaya avasthayilaanennu thiricharinja hugg juulai 24 nuu louisinu keezhadangi. fudal kalaapathinte othutheerppu hyuginu vinaashakaramaayirunnu. addehathinte poitevin kottakal pidichedukkukayum punarshastram upayogikkukayum poytiyarmaarude prathikaranatthiloode vilkkukayum cheythu. bharyayodum moonnu aanmakkalodum oppam karanjum muttukuthichum louisil vannu mapp chodichukondu addeham svayam apamanikkukayum cheythu. 1250ll lucignanile makal isabelle, thante shatru raankanile jiophriyumaayi vivahitharaayi, addeham sthreedhanam upayogichu thante kotta punarnirmmichu.
engleeshukaarum vimatha sena pinvaangiyappol maathramaan toolousile reymond raajaavinethire thante akramanam aarambhichath. augustinullil naarbon, alby nagarangal pidichedukkaan addehathinu kazhinju. nirbhagyavashaal remandine sambandhichidatholam, rogger IV, kaundu oof phoix, saamantharangam enniva remandine sambandhichidatholam, remandumaayi swantham yuddham nadatthi rajaavinu maathram keezhadangikkond thante yudhashramangale dhaarshtyathode prathirodhichu. ithu oru sainyathe samghadippikkaanum pidichadakkiya nagarangal thirichupidikkaan athine randaayi vibhajikkanum louisinu samayam nalki. november 30 aayappozhekkum rajaavumaayulla yuddham avasaanichu. rogarumaayulla yuddham 1243 januvari vare thudarukayum remandinte mattoru paraajayatthil avasaanikkukayum cheythu. keezhadangalil, thaan pidicheduttha rund nagarangal upekshikkaan reymond nirbandhithanaakukayum montergisil rajaavil ninnu mapp labhikkunnathin pakaramaayi kaathar mathavirudhathaykkethire pooraadumennu vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu.
laa roshell uparodham.
akvittainileyum gasconyileyum thante bhoomi poornnamaayum ettedukkunnathu thadayunnathinulla avasana nirashaajanakamaaya shramathil, franch senaye kooduthal thekkott march cheiyunnathil ninnu vyathichalippikkunnathini henry thuramukha nagaramaya laa roshellil kadal maarggam uparodham samghadippichu. yudhathinte phalam ithinakam thanne nirnnayikkappettirunnathu uparodham valia thothil parajayappettu. henry puthiya sakhyakakshikale kooduthal anweshichu. 1243 januvariyil, vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya frederic randaamanu henry oru kathu ayachu, fraansile thante swathukkal veendedukkaanulla thante prathekshakal avasanikkunnathaayi prakhyaapichu oru sakhyathinaayi thaan neratthe abhyarthichirunnu. march 12nuu, anchu varshathe vedinirthalinu louisinode aavasyappedaan henry nirbandhithanaayi.
france englandum samadhaanam sthaapikkunnu.
august 1nuu ponsilvechu oru vedinirthal karar oppuvachu. 1259 desember 4nuu englandile randaamathe baaran yudhathinte bheeshanikkidayil paareesil kooduthal shaashvathamaaya samadhaanam avasaanichu. thudakkathil, fraansile thante poorvvikarude pradesham upekshikkaan henry visammathichu, ennirunnaalum, eee mahathaaya aamgyam englandumaayulla samadhaanathinte deerghakaalam urappunalkumennu karuthi luis gienni henricu thirike nalki, kaaranam 1248 leeii ezhaamathe kurishuyudhathil addeham kooduthalum shradhaaluvaayirunnu, swantham raajyathinullil eee lakshyathinaayi pinthuna samaharikkaan addeham aagrahichu. karaaril oppuvachathiloode, fraansile philipp augustus keezhadakkiya englandile henry randaaman paarambaryamaayi nediya bhoomiyekkurichu kaapeshyanmaarum plaantajenettukalum thammilulla noottaandukal pazhakkamulla samgharsham louis henry avasaanippichu. eee grandhatthiloode, henry moonnaaman normandi, anjou, tourain, maine, pooyittau ennivayekkurichulla thante avakaashavaadangal upekshichu; pakaramaayi luis Ix addehathinu rund varshathekku 500 naittukale paripalikkaan aavashyamaaya thuka nalki, koodaathe ejainaisukaludeyum limos, cahorse, perigukes ennivayude diosisukalile domainukaludeyum varumaanavum nalki. 1259 februvari 10nuu konvaalile richard aanu udambadi aadyamaayi amgeekarichathu. februvari 17nuu westminstaril raajaavinte peril prosecutermaar ithu amgeekarikkukayum desember 4 aayappozhekkum englandile saiman vii dii montfort elanore udambadi amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. oduvil, louisinu adaranjali arppikkunnathinaayi desember 4 nuu henry francilethy, angane pratheekaathmakamaayi malsaram avasaanippichu. athinusesham, rund rajaakkanmaarum thammil apratheekshithavum sajeevavumaaya oru sauhrudam udaleduthu, kurachu samayathinu sesham, eejipthile sultan addehathinu nalkia oru aanaye luis henrique vaagdaanam cheythu henriyude fudal overloard enna nilayil addeham ooksfoordinte vyavasthakal raddakia oru marpappa kaalaye amgeekarikkukayum englandile rajakeeya prathyekaavakaashathinte uracha pinthunakkaaranaayi svayam prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
charitraparamaaya pashchaathala kuripp.
engleesh charithratthil, 'nooru varshathe yuddham' ennathu 1337 num 1453 num edayilulla 116 varshathe kaalaghattatthe soochippikkunnu. chila franch vivaranagalil, aaa samgharshathe 'randaam nooru varshathe yuddham' ennu vilikkunnu, 1159 muthal 1259 vare franch, engleesh simhasanangal thammilulla adhikara santhulithaavasthayile maattathetthudarnnulla aadyakaalaprakshobham, englandile henry randaaman akvitteyninte elanorine vivaham kazhichathinushesham niravadhi franch pradeshangal nedukayum franch raajyathin mail praadeshika menma nedukayum cheythu, paarees udambadi (1259) vare, athil vipareetham sathyamaayi. anglo-franch yuddham (1202-1214) allengil bovains yuddham polulla rund rajyangal thammilulla niravadhi samghattanangalum yudhangalum eee kaalayalavil nadannu.