
antonino dii georgio

aadyathe itaalo-ethiopian yuddham, itaalo-turkish yuddham, onnaam lokamahaayudham ennivayil poraadiya oru itaaliyan generalum raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu antonino dii georgio (saan fraattello, 22 septambar 1867-palermo, 17 epril 1932), 1924 epril muthal 1925 epril vare itali raajyathinte yudhamanthriyaayi sevanamanushtichu. royal itaaliyan sainyathinte samoolamaaya parishkaranatthinulla padhathi nirasichathinethudarnnu addeham raajivachu.
jeevacharitram.
aafrikkayile aadyakaala jeevithavum prachaaranangalum.
baaranas giuseppina faraachiyudeyum nottari ignacio dii jorjiyoyudeyum makanaaya sisilian bhoovudama prabhukkanmaarude oru kudumbathilaanu addeham saan fraattelloyil janichathu. aadyam naapilsile nansiyattella milittari schoolilum pinneedu modenayile milittari academyilum praveshippikkappetta addeham 1888 venalkkaalath infantry second lefttanant rankil birudam nedukayum pescarayile 77-aamath infantry rejimentilekku niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1895-ll addeham yudhavidhyaalayathile praveshanathinulla pareekshayil vijayikkukayum ennaal athil praveshikkunnathinu munbu amba alagiyile paraajayavaartha addehathe sameepikkukayum erithriyayil sannadhasevanathinaayi sannadhapravarthanam nadatthaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. angane addeham aadya itaalo-abyssinian yudhathinte randaam ghattathil poraadi, adwa yudhathilum pinneedu 1896 meyy maasathil nadanna ettumuttalilum sainika veeryathinu rund venkala medalukal nalki alankarikkappettu. oru asukham moolam thirichayakkappetta addeham vaar schoolil patanam punaraarambhichu, staaf offeesaraayi yogyatha nedi. captanaayi sthaanakkayattam labhicha addeham florence aasthaanamaayulla VIII corpsylake niyamikkappedukayum avide 1907 ll mejarilekku sthaanakkayattam nedukayum cheythu.
aaa rangode addeham oru cheria kaalaalppada yoonittinte command etteduthu, ithu raajyathinte ulnaadan gothrangalkkethire somaliayil niravadhi vijayangalkk kaaranamaayi. 1908 juulai 11num 12num idayil addeham merca nagaram pidichadakkukayum pinneedu merroril somali vimatharumayi ettumuttukayum afgoi pidichedukkukayum cheythu. eee vijayangalethudarnnu, ghelediyile sultan 5,000 sainikarumaayi itaaliyan colonial sarkkaarin keezhadangi. ennirunnaalum, 1909-ll, pradesham pidichadakkunnathinulla reethikalekkurichu avar pulartthiyirunna vyathyastha kaazhchappaadukal kaaranam addehavumaayi viyojippulla somalia sivil govarnor tomasso carletti addehathinte amithamaya kaadinyatthe vimarshichathin dii georgio thirichayachu (carletti karaarukaliloodeyum praadeshika medaavikalumaayulla vittuveezhchakaliloodeyum purogamanaparavum nayathanthraparavumaaya sameepanathe anukoolichu, athesamayam dii georgio sainika shakti upayogikkunnathinaayi vaadichu) koodaathe muzhuvan graamangalum nasippikkukayum vivechanarahithamaaya koottakkolakal nadathukayum cheythuvennu addeham aaropichu.
1911-ll itali-turkey yuddham pottippurappettappol, 89-aamath kaalaalppada rejiment "salerno" yude oru battaaliyante kamaandaraayi mejar dii georgio kandethi, athinte commandle addeham avasaanamaayi aafrikkayilekku madangi. addehathinte neethrthwathil nadatthiya ooppareshante vijayangal addehathinu lephttanant kenalaayi sthaanakkayattam nalki, athupole thanne sainika oordar oof sevo sainika veeryathinulla vellimedal nedi. thante maathrraajyamaaya messinayil addeham nediya janapreeti, yuddham avasaanichathinusesham italiyilekku madangiyethiyappol oru rashtreeya jeevitam thudaraan addehathe prerippichu; 1913 ll addeham oru deseeyavaada, jiolishyan virudha paripaadiyumaayi oru swatantra sthaanaarthiyaayi malsarichu, itaaliyan chamber oof deputikalilekku thiranjedukkappettu, pinneedu XXIV, XXV, XXVIi niyamanirmmaanasabhakalil veendum thiranjedukkappettu.
paarlamentil, dii georgio kooduthalum sainika swabhaavamulla prasnangalaanu kaikaaryam cheythath; itaaliyan sayudha senayude guruthwaakarshana kendram raajyathinte vadakku ninnu thekote karayil ninnu kadalilekkum maattendathinte aavasyakatha addeham vaadichu. libia ettedukkunnathumaayi bandhappett meditareniyanil itali ettedukkenda puthiya punk; athupole thanne 1908 leeii bhookambathinte vinashakaramaaya prathyaaghaathangal anubhavicha messinayude pradeshangalkk prathyeka oonnal nalkikkond raajyathe pinnakkam nilkkunna pradeshangalkk saambathika pinthuna nalkendathinte aavasyakatha, atharam sthaanangalkku oru sainika yukthiyundaayirunnu, athil addehathinu pithaavine nashtappettu.
onnaam lokamahaayudham.
1915 meyy maasathil austriya-hangariyumaayulla sathrutha pottippurappettappol paramonnatha commandle oru sthaanam nalkia general luigi cadorna addehathe uyarnna bahumaanathode sweekarichu. ennirunnaalum, taamasiyaathe, dii georgio addehathinte abhyarthana maanich oru ooppareshan command nedukayum VIII corpsinte (randaam sainyam) cheef oof staaf aayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1915ll kenalaayum 1916ll brigadieraayum sthaanakkayattam labhicha addeham 1896ll recrutmentukallulla puthiya unitaaya bisagno brigedinte (209umm 210umm infantry rejimentukal) command ettedukkukayum onnaam aarmiyude bhagamaaya ex armi corpsil roopeekarikkukayum trentino eriyayilekku niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1916 joolaiyil brigade eshyaago peedabhoomiyile simoon dii arsearo, spitts dii tonsa ennividangalile sakthamaaya kottakettya austro-hangarian sthaanangalkku nere raktharookshithavum parajayappettathumaaya aakramanangalude oru parambara aarambhichu. aaa varsham thanne dii georgio IV alpini grouppinte kamaandaraayi niyamichu. 52-aamath alpine divisionil (XX armi corps, aaraamathe armi) roopeekaricha eee samgham, eshyaago peedabhoomiyude puthiya munnettangal ozhivakkaan lakshyamitulla pravarthanangalil pankedukkukayum pinneedu moundu oorttigaara yudhathil pooraadukayum cheythu. mejar generalayi sthaanakkayattam labhicha sesham addehathinu walsuganayile 51-aamm divishante (xviii corps, 1st armi) command nalki.
kaporetto duranthathekkurichulla vaarthayil chamber oof deputicinte oru sessionil pankedukkaan poya romilek addeham pidikkapettu; cadorna udan thanne addehathe thirichuvilichu, avide addeham prathyeka armi corpsinte command etteduthu, taglentoyile austro-hangeriyanmaarude munnettam thadayunnathinum randaamathe sainyathinte pinvaangal report cheiyunnathinum thidukkathil roopeekaricha yoonit. dii georgio thante sainyathe kaporettoyil ninnu pinmariya straglermaarude aruviyude veliyettathinethire nayichu, addehathinte aalukal october 26 muthal november 3 vare ragogna yudhathil austro-hangeriyakkaare ulkkadalil pidichedutthu, corps eathaandu poornnamaayum nasippikkappedunnathuvar. november 9 nuu georgio piyaavin appurathekku pinvaangukayum pittennu prathyeka armi corps aupachaarikamaayi pirichuvidukayum cheythu. dii georgio pinneedu lefttanant generalayi sthaanakkayattam nalkukayum XXVIi corpsinte (rejio, campania, queno, messina infentry brigedukal) kamaandaraayi pietro badoglio maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu. eee yoonittinte neethrthwathil addeham monde grappayude prathirodhatthilum piyaavinte randaam yudhathilum vittoriyo venetto yudhathilum pankedutthu.
yuddham avasaanichathinusesham addeham rashtreeya jeevithathilekku madangiyethi, thudarnnulla varshangalil addeham italiyude fiyame pidichadakkunnathine pinthunachu, ennirunnaalum dii 'annunsiyoyude nagaram kaivashappeduthunnathire paksham chernnu, ithu sainyathile achadakkam kurayunnathinte lakshanamaayi addeham kandu. 1919ll dii georgio oru valathupaksha pattikayumayi veendum thiranjedukkappettu, ennaal 1921ll italiyile saahacharyangalil niraasanaaya addeham veendum malsarikkendennu theerumaanikkukayum kurachukaalathekku swakaarya jeevithathilekku viramikkukayum cheythu. 1922 februvari 6nuu addeham engleeshil janicha prabhuvaya noreena vaittekkare vivaham kazhichu.
yudhamanthri.
thudakkathil faasisathinte ethiraaliyaaya addeham 1923-ll faasisttukalum desheeyavaadikalum thammilulla aikyathinum suhruthukkalaaya luigi federsonyudeyum bioggio paceudeyum anunayathinum sesham manass maatti. 1924leeii thiranjeduppil addeham vittoriyo emyoole orlando polulla liberalukalumaayi chernnu phaasist pattikayil malsarikkukayum veendum chamber oof deputicylake thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. sainyavum rajaavum addehathe prashamsikkukayum faasisathodu anukoolamaayi perumaarukayum cheytha oru generalayi kanda musolini, aarogyam vashalaayikkondirunna armando diasinu pakaram addehathe udan thanne yudhamanthriyaayi niyamichu. 1924 epril 30 muthal 1925 epril 4 vare addeham adhikaarathilundaayirunnu. jorjiyoyude bharanakaalathu sainyathinte svayambharanaavakaasham samrakshikkukayum udyogasthare raashtreeyathil earppedunnathil ninnu vilakkukayum emvsninte punk parimithappedutthaan sramikkukayum cheythu; athe samayam, giacomo maattiyottiyude kolapathakam pottippurapetta rashtreeya prathisandhiyil addeham musolini pinthunachu, emvsninu oru laksham raifilukal polum nalki.
1925ll addeham sainyathinte ganyamaaya parishkaranatthinulla oru nirddesham avatharippichu. sthirathayullathum cheruthumaaya sthira sayudha yoonittukalude roopeekaranam, aavasyaanusaranam vipuleekarikkappeduka, 125 rejimentukalude oru samadhaanakaala sainyathinte paripalanam sainyathinte fundile gurutharamaaya azhukkine prathinidheekarikkunnathil, aayudangalkkum upakaranagalkkum vendi kurachu maathram avasheshikkunnathinaal (1920 kalude thudakkathil, oru itaaliyan kaalaalppada battaliyanil ettu mesheen gannukal maathrame undaayirunnulloo, oru franch kaalaalppada bataaliyan vinyasicha ambathirandinu vipareethamaayi), dii georgio vaarshika draaft classine (oro varshavum ekadesham 230,000 puthiya recruitmentukal) rund grouppukalaayi vibhajikkaan nirddeshichirunnu, athil oraal, nyoonapakshamaaya, pathinettu maasathe sainika sevanam nadathukayum varsham muzhuvan poornna sajjathayode sookshikkunna rejimentukal sthaapikkaan niyamikkappedukayum cheyyum (athirthikalil vinyasichirikkunna alpini rejimentukalkku munganana nalkikkond), backie bhooribhaagavum moonnu maasathe pariseelanam poortthiyaakkiya sesham discharge cheyyappedukayum, avarude sainika vibhaagangalude jorjiyayude kazhchappadil, samadhaanakaala sainyathinte eee ganyamaaya kuravu athinte sannadhathaye prathikoolamaayi baadikkillennum aayudangalum upakaranangalum mechappeduthaan upayogikkunna panam labhikkaan ithu sahayikkum. ennirunnaalum, dii jorjiyoyude ashayangal bharanathinte prashamsa pidichupattiyilla, itaaliyan janathayude vipulamaaya sainikavalkkaranathinte aavasyakatha pracharippikkan prathijnjaabadhamaayirunnu; sainyathinte unnatha kaunsil (duke oof oostta, luca mondoori, enrico kaviglia, giulio siser tassoni, gaitano giardino, carlo pettitti dii roretto, giuseppe francesco ferrari enniva ulppedunnava) parishkaranatthe nirasichu, ithu cheef oof staafinu anukoolamaayi sainyathinte unnatha kaunsilinte adikaarangal kuraykkunnathinum, janaralmaraya luigi caderna, gaitano giardino, enrico kaviglia, vittoriyo supelli, giulio siser tassoni, admiral deolon ennivar paarlamentil ellah nirddeshangaleyum karsanamaayi ethirthu. sainyathinte valippam kuraykkunnathu emvsninu kooduthal praadhaanyam labhikkumenn bhayappettirunnathinaal liberal, idathupaksha paarttikalum parishkaranatthe ethirthu. thante parishkaranangal nirasikkappettal mantri sthaanathu ninnu raajivaykkumennu paranja dii georgio, thante vaagdaanam palikkukayum sainyathil sajeeva sevanathilekku madangukayum cheythu, 1926 ll florencinteyum pinneedu palermoyudeyum armi corpsinu kamaandaraayi.
avasana varshangal.
1927ll dii georgio palermoyude prefectaaya siser moriyumaayi vairudhyathilaayi, "irumbu prefect" (addehathinte sahodaran ulppede) anweshanathinu vidheyamaakkiya chila pramukhare prathirodhichu, koodaathe maafiyayude adichamarthalinaayi morrie upayogicha reethikale ethirthu. addeham musoliniyodoppam prathishedhichu, pakshe randaamathethu moriyude paksham cherukayum sainika janaralilekkulla sthaanakkayattam thadayukayum cheythu. 1928 march 5 nuu, ippol bharanakoodavumaayulla thuranna samgharshathilum vyakthiparamaaya akramanangalilum earppetta dii georgio, prathishedhatthil deputy sthaanam raajivachu sajeeva sevanathil ninnu viramichu.
1932 epril 17nuu shasthrakriyayil ninnu sukham praapikkumbol undaaya hridayaaghaathathe thudarnnu addeham pettennu marichu.

