
rochasttar bestiyari

dhii rochasttar bestiyari (lunden, britiish library, royal emm. ezz. 12 eph.xiii) oru madhyakala mrgashaalayude sambannamaaya prakashamulla kayyezhuthuprathi pakarppaan, ithu yadhaarthavum aithihaasikavumaaya dhaaraalam parichithavum videsavumaaya mrugangalude roopavum sheelangalum vivarikkunna oru pusthakamaanu. mrugangalude swabhaavasavisheshathakal palappozhum oru kristheeya dhaarmikatha cherthu roopakalppana cheyyappedunnu.
mrugasamrakshana paarambaryam.
krithyamaaya theeyathiyum uthbhavasthalavum tharkkavishayamaanenkilum randaamatheyo moonnaamatheyo noottaandil vadakke aafrikkayil ezhuthappetta oru grandhamaaya greak bhaashayile "physiologasil" ninnaan madhyakala mrgashaala aathyanthikamayi uruthirinjathu. physiologus" niravadhi thavana laattinilekk vivarthanam cheyyappettu, kuranjathu ettaam noottaand vare, nilavilulla aadyathe kayyezhuthuprathikalude theeyathi, orupakshe valare munbe, orupakshe naalam noottaand. aadyakaala laattin vivarthanangal avarude greak srothassinode angeyattam vishwasthamaayirunnuvenkum, pilkkala pathippukal kooduthal swathanthramaayi poruthappettu, prathyekichu pliniyude "historiya naturalis" ulppedeyulla mattu srothassukalil ninnulla adhika vivarangal ulppeduthiyathiloodeyum, ettavum pradhanamaayi, sevilleyude "uthbhavangalude" icider. laattin "physiologus" vivarthanangalil ettavum pradhaanappettath-ippol pandithanmaar "bii pathipp" ennu ariyappedunna onnu-panthrandaam noottaandil (mikkavarum 1160 kaliloo 1170 kaliloo), isidoril ninnulla kooduthal kootticherkkalukalode, ippol shariyaayi mrgashaala ennu vilikkappedunnathinte "second famili" staanderd roopamaayi maarunnu. eee vaachakam yadhaartha "physiologacy" nekkaal valare dairkhyameriyathum vyathyastha valuppathilulla ombathu pradhana vibhaagangalkkidayil vitharanam cheytha 100-ladhikam vibhagangal athinte saadhaarana formaattil ulppeduthiyathumaayirunnu. onnaam vibhaagathil 44 mrugangalum randaamathe vibhaagathil 35 pakshikalum thudarnnu vividhayinam paambukalekkurichum puzhukkal, malsyangal, marangal, vilayeriya kallukal, manushyante swabhaavam, praayam ennivayekkurichum valia vibhajanam undaayirunnu. mrgashaalakalude ettavum parichithamaaya eee pathippil ninnulla kayyezhuthuprathikal panthrandaam noottaand muthal pathinaram noottaand vare nirmikkappettu, avayil bhooribhaagavum pathimoonnaam noottaandilethaanu.
kayyezhuthuprathiyude vivaranam.
sii muthal varunna oru paarchment kaiyezhuthuprathiyaanu rochasttar bestiyari. athinte pradhana ulladakkangal oru mrgashaala aanenkilum athil franch gadyathile oru hraswa lapidary (kallukalkkulla oru prabandham) pathinalam noottaandile oru sevana pusthakatthinte rund elakalum ulppedunnu. vividha mrugangalude 55 poortthiyaaya miniyecharukal upayogichu ithu chithreekarichirikkunnu, oronnum aaa mrugathe vivarikkunna khandikayude avasaanathil. chila pejukalil, aasootritha chithram enthaanu chithreekarikkendathennu hrasvamaayi vivarikkunna ilyuminettarilekkulla nirddeshangal drishyamaanu. kayyezhuthuprathiyiloode ekadesham moonnilonnu (eph. 52v, athinusesham, kazhukanu sesham), chithreekaranangal nirthunnu avaa sthaapikkaan uddeshicha sthalangal avasheshikkumbol, chithreekaranangalonnum orikkalum cherthittilla. laghuchithrangalude shaili, likhithathinte prarambha nirmmaanathinu sesham oru pathittaando athil kooduthalo kazhinjaanu chithreekaranangal nirmmichathennathinu chila thelivukal kaanikkunnu, koodaathe ezhuthukaari vibhavanam cheytha padhathi kalakaran poornnamaayum manassilaakaathathaayirikkaam aasoothranam cheytha moonninu pakaram oru simhathinte naalaamathe chithram cherkkunnathiloode, thudarnnulla chithreekaranangal avar vivaricha mrugangalude pinnil sthaapikkaan addeham nirbandhithanaayi. nilavilulla mattu moonnu kayyezhuthuprathikalil eee kalakarante prakashangal ulkkollunnu kembridge, yooniversitti library, ems. ee.2.23 (oru baibil), peterbo, cathedral library, ems. 10 (oru baibil), stockholm, naashanal museum, ems. bii. 2010 (oru sankeerthanam). naalaamathe kaiyezhuthuprathi (tourin, biblioteca naasiyonal, coode. ell.iv.25) eee kalakarante rund poornna peju miniyecharukal adangiyirunnuvenkilum 1904ll nasippikkappettu.
kayyezhuthuprathiyude charithram.
kayyezhuthuprathi saadhaaranayaayi sent. andrewyude priyari rochasttar cathedralil. pathinalam noottaandile oru likhitham eee pusthakam avide urappode sthaapikkunnu. pathinalam noottaandile mattoru likhitham kuttakkaranaaya oru "sahodaran joonn malling" athu thirichunalkiyathaayi rekhappeduthunnathu pole, oru ghattathil, pusthakam priyariyil ninnu moshtikkappettathaayi thonnunnu joonn malling ennayaale 1387-ll oru vishwaasathyaagiyum kallanumayi purathaakki. 1542 aayappozhekkum ithu raajaavinte kaivashamaayirunnu, kaaranam aaa varsham westminstarile rajakeeya libraryude oru pattikayil ithu pattikappedutthiyirunnu. jorjju randaaman rajaavu pazhaya rajakeeya libraryude backie bhagangalkkoppam 1757-ll britiish myusiyathinu sambhavana cheythu, athu ippol britiish libraryilaanu.
rochasttar kaiyezhuthuprathiyile vaachakathinte parivartthanam.
aaldgettile peettar "paanthiyologasinte" naalam bhaagath ninnu varachukondu rochasttar bestiyariyil saadhaarana bestiyari vaachakathilekku kootticherkkal nadathiyittundu. ippol britiish librariyaayi nilanilkkunna "pantheologus" ennathinte poornnamaaya pakarpp, royal ems. 7 iii.13-aamm noottaandinte thudakkathil rochastarilaayirunnu ithu sthithicheythirunnathu, koodaathe mrgashaala kootticherkkalukalude nerittulla uravidamaayirunnirikkaam ithu.
mrugangal.
eee mrgashaala thaazhepparayunna mrugangale savisheshathakalaakkunnu 
kantham, pavizhapputt, carnelian, serauniyas (idimuzhakkam), kristtal thudangi niravadhi kallukalekkurichu kooduthal vivaranagal nalkunna theekkallukalekkurichulla laattin vivaranathe oru franch bhasha lapidary nerittu pinthudarunnu.