engabe-bugley komarka

panaamayile anchu "comarcas indiginakal" ll ettavum valuthum janasamkhyayullathumaanu engabe-bugley (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ munbu bokas dell toro, chirikvi, veraguas ennee pravisyakalilppetta pradeshangalil ninnaan 1997 ll ithu srishtichathu. thalasthaanathe gweymiyil bubittiyum spaanishil lano tugri ennaanu ariyappedunnathu.
thaddesheeya grouppukalkku prathyeka bhoomi avakashangalum bharanaparamaya svayambharanavum engabe-bugley nalkunnu. parvathapradeshangal, mosham mannu, kaalaavasthayile vyathiyaanam enniva eee pradeshatthinte savisheshathakalaan, ithu krishi budhimuttaakkunnu. panaamayile ettavum valia thaddesheeya janasamkhyayaaya rund vyathyastha bhaashaavibhaagangalaan engabe, bugley enniva. avar upajeevana krishiyum athijeevanathinaayi bandhutwa, paraspara bandhita shringalakale valareyadhikam aasrayikkunnu. kaarshika vilavu kurayumbol, anoupachaarika jolikaliloodeyum kaikondu nirmmicha saadhanangal vilkkunnathiloodeyum nagab-bugley kooduthalaayi pana sambadvyavasthayil pankedukkunnu. poshakaahaarakkurav, vidyaabhyaasathinte abhavam, mosham adisthaana soukaryangal, saamoohika sevanangalilekkum niyamaparamaaya avakaashangalilekkum praveshanam thadassappeduthunna bhasha thadassangal thudangi vividha velluvilikal avar abhimukeekarikkunnu. koodaathe, krishiyil ninnulla paaristhithika thakarchayum sarkkaaril ninno allengil korpparettu vibhavangalude chooshanamaaya sero colorado chembu nikshepam polullava samoohathinu kaaryamaaya bheeshanikal uyarthunnu.
bharanaparamaya divisionukal.
engabe-bugley komarka 3 upamekhalakalaayum 9 jillakalaayum 70 "corregimentosaayum" upavibhajanam cheythittundu."
charithram.
1972 muthal, thaddesheeya vibhaagangalkk prathyeka bhoomi avakashangalum ganyamaaya bharanaparamaya svayambharanavum ulla athirthi nirnnayikkappetta pradesangalaaya komarkkakal sthaapikkendathu panaman sarkkaraayirunnu. komaarkkakalkkullil, janangal oru pothusabhayeyum govarnoreyum praadeshika, praadeshika nethaakkaleyum thiranjedukkunnu, ennirunnaalum sarkkar ippozhum pradeshathinullile pothuchelavum nikuthi varumaanavum niyanthrikkunnu. vadakkupadinjaaran panaamayil sthithi cheiyunna komarka engabe-bugley 1997 ll roopeekarikkappettathu sarkkar vaagdaanathinteyum engabe-bugleyil ninnulla ganyamaaya rashtreeya sammarddathinteyum olinjirikkunna falamaayaanu, prakrithivibhava chooshanathinteyum avarude poorvvikarude bhoomiyile paaristhithika thakarchayudeyum bheeshanikalaal ikyappettu. munbu bokas dell toro, chirikvi, veraguas ennee pravisyakalilppetta bhoomi chernna eee pradesham ezhu jillakalaayi (thalasthaanangalumaayi mukalil pattikappedutthiyirikku) vibhajikkappettirikkunnu; muzhuvan komarkayudeyum thalasthaanam buna jillayilaan sthithicheyyunnathu. engabe-bugley janasamkhya oru vamsheeyathayekkaal avarude communitykalumaayi kooduthal thirichariyukayum asamamaayi vitharanam cheyyappedukayum cheiyunnathinaal, avarude comarca roopeekarikkaan prerippicha rashtreeya samghadana valare asaadhaaranamaanu, ennirunnaalum sarkkar pravartthanangale swaadheenikkaanulla sakthamaaya kazhivu prakadamaakkunnu.
bhauthika bhoomishaasthravum kaalaavasthayum.
parvathapradeshangal, kuthaneyulla charivukal, uyarnna paarakalulla poshakasamriddhamallaatha mannu, krishi budhimuttaakkunna ellah savisheshathakalum enniva engabe-bugley komarkayude savisheshathayaanu. caribean charivil varanda kaalaavasthayilla, ushnamekhalaa vanangal bhooprakrithiyil aadhipathyam pulartthunnu; pasaphik charivil kaattum varanda kaalaavasthayum (desember muthal epril vare) eerppamulla kaalaavasthayum undu. kooduthal seasonal vyathiyaanathinte falamaayi, pasaphik charivil kooduthal praadeshika bhoomishaasthrangalundu, koodaathe sasyajaalangal ushnamekhalaa vanamekhalayumaayi kalarnna pullukal ulkkollunnu. cheria vattaatha aruvikalum valia nadikalum bhookhanda vibhajanathinte iruvashathum ozhukunnu, avaa kulikkaanum alakanum kudikkanum upayogikkunnu. laas kroosukal vazhi interamericaana haiveyumaayi bandhippichirikkunna saan felixil ninnu komarkkayilekku (bubatti vare oodunna oru mine axus rodaayi aarambikkunna aadyathethu, sero colorado khaniyude sthaanamaaya escopettayilekku thudarunnu) nayikkunna kurachu varsham muzhuvan praveshana roadukal ullathinaal eee pradeshathu mikka yaathrakalum kalnadayayo kuthirappurattho aanu cheiyunnathu. 
saamskaarika samghangal.
adutha bandhamullathum koottaayi gwami ennu vilikkappedunnathumaaya engabe bugley parasparam manassilakkaan kazhiyaatha rund vyathyastha bhashaaparavum thaddesheeyavumaaya grouppukalaanu. valia grouppaaya engabe engabere samsaarikkumbol cheria grouppaaya bugley buggeler samsaarikkunnu; iruvarum chibchan bhasha kudumbatthile amgangalaanu. eee rund grouppukalum chernnu panaamayile ettavum valia thaddesheeya janasamkhyayaanu. engabeyudeyum engabeyudeyum aksharavinyaasathile vyathyasam shradhikkuka; rund vyathiyaanangalum praadeshika bhaashaabhedangale aasrayichirikkunnu. ā soochippikkunna thaazhnna-pinn vrithaakrithiyilulla swaraaksharam spaanishil nilavililla, ithu "o" ennu thettidharikkappedunnu. (swaraaksharathil oru vyathiyaanam undaayirikkanamennu pathrangalkk ariyamennathinaal avaa palappozhum "ö" ennu thettayi ezhuthunnu.) "ā" prathinidheekarikkunna shabdam "zoo" enna vaakkile "aaa" shabdathinu samaanamaan. ivide upayogikkunna ngábe enna aksharavinyasamaanu ngábere-leeii kooduthal vyaapakamaayi (/sariyaaya) aksharavinyasam.
dainamdina jeevitam.
pullu allengil sink melkkoora azhukk tharayum ulla vadikalaal pinthunaykkunna veedukalilaanu gweymikal saadhaaranayaayi thaamasikkunnath, sambanna kudumbangalkk simant thara undayirikkaam. oro veettilum melkkooraykk thaazheyulla oru plaattphom bhakshya sambharanathinayi upayogikkunnu, koodaathe niravadhi uyarnna kidakka plaattphomukalum undu.
chedikalude naarukalil ninnu nirmmikkunna karuthutta baagukalaan chackerakal (engaberil "kraa" ennu vilikkunnu). avaa sambharana yoonittukalaayum vasthukkal kondupokuvaanum upayogikkunnu. idaykkide shishukkale oru chakkaarayil kondupokunnathu polum ningalkk kaanaan kazhiyum. anoupachaarika sambadvyavasthayil pankedukkunnathinaayi chila sthreekal eee baagukal wilkan nirmmikkunnu.
pailas" ennu vilikkunna kurachu valia paachaka pathrangal kudumbangalil undu, palarum cholam paaneeyamaaya chicha veettil sookshikkunnu.
gwemi purushanmaar saadhaaranayaayi veettil nirmmicha multy-kalar paants, vaikkol thoppikal, rubber boottukal enniva dharikkunnu, athesamayam sthreekal tholum neckline alankaarangalum ("naguwa") araykkum thaazhekkum chuttum embroidery cheytha baandukalulla niramulla vasthrangal dharikkunnu. sthreekal saadhaaranayaayi shoos dharikkarilla. eee enangal saadhaaranayaayi kaikondu undaakkunna crank thayyal yanthrangal upayogichaanu veettil nirmmikkunnath, koodaathe chackerakal pole adhika varumaanathin vilkkunnu.
kooduthal parambaraagatha mekhalakalil saadhaaranayaayi eee reethi nadappaakkappedunnunde, maachettu sharpner upayogichu pallukal oru pooyint vare phayal cheiyunnathu gwami purushanmarkkum sthreekalkkum idayil asaadhaaranamalla.
kudumbangal saadhaaranayaayi valare valuthaanu, palappozhum sthreekalude grouppukal orumichu thaamasikkunnu, athinaal kuttikale paripaalikkumbol avarkk parasparam sahayikkaan kazhiyum. oru purushanu bhaaryamaarudeyum makkaludeyum ennam anthassine soochippikkunnathinaal bahubhaaryaathvam orikkal engabe-buglekkidayil saadhaaranamaayirunnu. onniladhikam bharyamaareyum valia kudumbangaleyum pinthunaykkunnathu kooduthal budhimuttaayathinaal ithu ippol saadhaaranamalla.
oru bandhutwa samvidaanathiloode roopeekaricha saamoohika mooladhanavum paraspara bandhita shringalakalum saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya vibhavangalude durbalata kuraykkunnathinu pradhaanamaan, athesamayam kudumbangalkk sahakarikkanum kooduthal avasarangal prayojanappedutthaanum avasaram srishtikkunnu, athu avareyum avarude bandhutwa groupile mattu amgangaleyum sahayikkum. bhoomiyude udamasthaavakaasham nirnnayikkunnathilum upayoga avakashangal nirnnayikkunnathilum vivaahavum bandha bandhangalum valia punk vahikkunnu.
bhoomi upayogam.
engabe-bugley saadhaaranayaayi upajeevana krishi cheiyunnathinaal, bhoomiyude udamasthaavakaashavum upayogavum sambandhicha nirvachanangal oro veedinum ettavum praadhaanyamullathaanu, prathyekichu komarkkayile krishiyogyamaaya bhoomikk aanupaathikamaayi janasamkhya vardhikkukayum ulppaadanakshamamaaya bhoomi amithamaya upayogam moolam tharamthaazhthappedukayum cheiyunnathinaal. bhoomi vibhavangal anuvadikkunna sankeernamaaya samvidaanam bandhutwa samvidaanathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. avakaashappedaatha bhoomiyude udamasthaavakaasham adhiniveshathiloodeyum krishiyiloodeyum sthaapikkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum komarkkayile phalabhooyishtamaaya bhoomi valare kuravaanu avakaashappedaathe avasheshikkunnath. oru bandhutwa samghathile amgangalkku koottaayi bhoomiyundenkilum graamatthil thaamasikkunnavaraanu athu niyanthrikkunnath. koottaayi udamasthathayilulla eee bhoomiyude nishedhikkaanaavaatha avakashangal bandhutwa groupile oro amgathinum avakaashappettathaan, athesamayam kadam vangiya avakashangal palappozhum oru pankaaliyude kudumbatthile amgangalkku nalkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum eee avakashangal raddakkam. eee reethiyil, saamoohika samghadana mikka raajyangaludeyum saambathika jeevithathinteyum upajeevanamaargathinteyum maathruka roopappeduthunnu. komarka engabe-bugleyil (engobland) ettavum saadhaaranamaaya vilakal cholam, arrie, beans, oottoo, vazhappazham, kaappi ennivayaanu, ennirunnaalum aalukal veettile cheria thottangalil thakkaali, kurumulak, mattu pachakkarikal ennivayum valarthunnu. maambazham, ooranchu, nance thudangiya pazhangal kokkoykkoppam kaalaanusrithamaayi valarunnu, ivayellaam gwami bhakshanathinu poorakamaanu. pala kudumbangalum pashukkal, pannikal, thaaraavukal, kozhikal (kooduthalum muttayidunnava) enniva sookshikkunnundengilum maamsam apoorvamaayi maathrame kazhikkaarulloo; matthi oru saadhaarana pradhana bhakshanamaanu, hojaldras (varutha panaman bread) chilappol prabhaathabhakshanathinaayi kazhikkunnu. mikka krishiyum vettikkuraykkal, kathikkal saankethikavidyakal upayogichu vrithiyaakkiya bhoomiyilaanu cheiyunnathu, vardhichuvarunna janasamkhyaa sammarddam kaaranam, eee bhoomi aavasyathinu samayathekku paazhayi kidakkunnu, athinaal kaalakramena vilavu kurayunnu.
sambadghadanayum vibhavangalum.
upajeevana krishiyude vishwaasyatha kurayunnathinanusarichu, gwami janangal mooladhana uthppaadanathinum aavashyamaaya soukaryangalum vibhavangalum nedunnathinum thaarathamyena axus cheyyaavunna chila badalukal nalkunna pana sambadvyavasthayil pankedukkaan thudangi. mosham vidyaabhyaasavum aarogyavum poshakaahaaravum ulppedeyulla kuranja manushya mooladhanavum kaaranam thozhil shakti kazhivillaathathaanengilum, gweymiyude kaivashamulla oru samriddhamaaya vibhavamaan thozhil. thalphalamaayi, niravadhi purushanmaar kudiyetta kaarshika thozhilaallikalaayi sevanamanushtikkukayo mattu tharatthilulla anoupachaarika jolikalkkaayi komarka vidukayo cheiyunnu. 2008. bokvettu, santa clara ennivayulppede niravadhi purushanmaar chirikki malambradeshangalil kaappi vilaveduppinide jolie cheiyunnu. panaamayude eee pradesham uyarnna nilavaaramulla thanal valarthunnathinum chila sandarbhangalil jaiva kappikkum perukettathaanu. uyarnna uyarathil valarunna seasonal pachakkarikalum gweymikal vilavedukkunnu. sthreekal anoupachaarika sambadvyavasthayil pankedukkukayum wilkan chakkara, naguwa, aabharanangal enniva nirmmikkukayum chila purushanmaar paants allengil neythu thoppikal thunnukayum cheiyunnu. anoupachaarika sambadvyavasthayile pankaalitthatthinu saamoohika mooladhanam veendum pradhaanamaan, kaaranam bandhangal aalukalkk panam sambaadikkaanulla puthiya avasarangal nalkunnu; saamoohika mooladhanam sarkkar, sarkkarithara samghadanakalil ninnu sahayam aakarshikkan polum upayogikkunna oru samvidaanamaayirikkum.
prathikoolathayum aadunikathayum.
samakaalika saahacharyangalude falamaayi engabe-bugley valareyadhikam prathikoola saahacharyangal anubavikkunnu. bhoomiyudeyum vilakshaamathinteyum praadeshika prasnangal kooduthal pothuvalkkarikkappetta prashnamaayi valarukayum churungunna thozhil vipaniyil mooladhanam srishtikkunnathu kooduthal budhimuttaavukayum cheiyunnathinaal poshakaahaarakkurav prathyekichum kuttikalilum garbhinikalaya ammamaarilum vyaapakamaanu. oru kudiyetta thozhilaalliyaayi maarunnathiloode mooladhanam srishtikkaanulla shramangalkk kudumbaghadanayil adhika sammarddangal undaakukayum avarude kuttikale maathram paripalikkaan sthreekalkku mail vardhicha sammarddam undaakukayum cheiyunnathulppede prathikoola saamoohika prathyaaghaathangal undaakunnu. janasamkhyayude chitharikkidakkunna swabhaavam nilavilulla vaidyasahaayam labhyamakkaan budhimuttaakkukayum kudivellathinteyum shuchithva sevanangaludeyum pothuvaaya abhavam ennamatta aarogya prashnangalkk kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. mathiyaya adisthaana soukaryangalude abhavavum sarkkar saamoohika sevanangal nalkaathathumaanu mikka graamapradeshangaleyum badhikkunna niravadhi prashnangalude moolakaaranam.
mosham spanish kazhivukalude vyaapanavum oru prasnamaanu, kaaranam gwami aalukalkk palappozhum niyamaparamaaya avakaashangalekkurichu ariyilla, athinaal paraathikal ariyikkunnathil paraajayappedunnu allengil angane cheiyunnathu prayojanakaramaakumbol avarkk labhyamaya niyamaparamaaya marggangal upayogikkunnu. purushanmaarekkaal valare kurachu perr maathrame spanish samsaarikkunnulloo ennathinaal eee avastha sthreekale prathyekichu badhikkunnu. kuttikal saambathikamaayi parimithamayathinaal secondary vidyaabhyaasathinte nilavaravum komarka engabe-bugleyil kuravaanu, koodaathe secondary school vidyaabhyaasathilekkalu gathagatham pala kudumbangalkkum valia velluvili uyarthunnu. thalphalamaayi, komarka engab-bugleyil <aii. dii. 2> praayathilulla kuttikalil <aii. dii. 1> kuttikalkk maathrame aaram classinu mukalilulla school vidyaabhyaasam ulloo.
oduvil, pala gwami samoohangalum avarude bhoomiyude krishiyum sarkkarum korpparettu chooshanavum moolamundaakunna paaristhithika thakarcha moolam bheeshani neridunnu. lokathile ettavum valia chembu ayiru nikshepangalilonnaaya sero colorado chembu nikshepam komarka engabe-bugleyil sthithicheyyunnu. uparithala vibhavangalude swathavakaasham samsthaanathintethaanu ennathinaal eee pradeshathe khananam niyamaparamaanenkilum, verthirichedukkunnathilum samskarikkunnathilum ninnulla maalinyangal praadeshika neertthadangale malinamakkunnathinaal ithu valia paaristhithika bheeshani uyarthunnu. avaa thaalkkaalika varumanam nalkiyekkaamenkilum, khanana sramangal komarkkayil niravadhi prathikoola saamoohikavum saamskaarikavumaaya prathyaaghaathangal undaakkunnu, mikka thaddeshavaasikalum avarude bhoomiyile dhaatu chooshanathe ethirkkunnu.

