
mysur raajyathinte bharanam

karnataka samsthaanathile aadhunika nagaramaya mysur mekhalayil 1399ll yaaduraaya sthaapicha dakshinenthyayile oru rajyamaayirunnu mysur raajyam (1399-1947 sii. iii.). bharanakudumbam ennariyappedunna vodayar rajavamsham 1947ll indian swaathanthryam labhikkunnathuvare thekkan karnataka mekhala bharichu, pinneedu raajyam indian unionumaayi layichu. pathinettaam noottaandil ninnu vardhichuvarunna videsha swaadheenathode raajyathinte charithratthil athu bharanathinte vividha ghattangaliloode kadannupoyi. 
colonial kaalaghattatthinu munbulla bharanam.
vijayanagar saamraajyathinte thakarchaykku sesham rajaavu raaja vodayar kramena swaathanthryam nedukayum oduvil sreeramgapattanathu govarnore puratthaakkukayum cheythu. kshayichupoya saamraajyathinte praadeshika thalavan ippol avarude puthiya thalasthaanamaaya chandragiriyil (aadhunika aandhraapradeshil) ninnaan bharichathu. narasaraja vodayaarinte bharanakaalathu mysooril ninnaan aadyathe swarnna nanayangal purathirangiyathu. treasuryude moolyam 90,000,000 "pagoda" (karansiyude oru yoonit) aayi vardhippicha chikka devaraja vodayar raajaavinte bharanakaalathu puthiya mysur raajyathinte sthaanam ganyamaayi mechappettu. thante nettangalkku rajaavu "navakottinarayanan" (aksharaarthatthil onpathu kodi narayanan) enna padavi nedi. chikka devaraja vodayar pathinettu vakuppukal ulkkollunna kendra sekratteriyattaaya "attara kacheri" sthaapichu.
pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil hyder alii raajyathinte yadhaartha bharanadhikaariyaayappol, goalkondayile nisaaminte khajanaavil ninnu pidicheduttha oru valia swarnna nanayangal mysoorinte vipuleekarana nayathinu dhanasahayam nalki. athivegam neengunna franch pariseelanam labhicha kuthirappadayanu hyder aliyude sainika vijayam. 171 paraganangal (taluk) ulppedunna asama valuppamulla 5 pravisyakalaayi (asophis) raajyathe vibhajichu. 200, 000 'varaha' (naanayatthinte oru yoonit) sambhavana cheytha 5 'paragana' kall sira pravishyayilum 102 'paragana' kall sreerangapatna pravishyayilum ulppedunnu.
tippu sultan yadhaartha bharanadhikaariyaayappol, 62,000 mile (160,000 chathurashra kilometer) visthruthiyulla raajyam 37 "asofi", motham 124 thaalookkukal ("amil") enningane vibhajikkapettu. oro 'asofi' ykkum oru govarnor allengil 'asof', oru deputy 'asof' ennivayundaayirunnu. oru "amildar" aayirunnu thaalookkinte thalavan, oru "pattel" oru koottam graamangalude chumatala vahichu. manthrimaarude neethrthwathilulla aarr vakuppukal kendra bharanathil ulppettirunnu, oronninum naalu amgangal vareyulla upadeshaka samiti sahayam nalki; mirr miraante sainyam, mirr asafinte ravanyoo mantraalayam, mirr yaminte naavikasena, treasury, vaanijyam, muluk-uthu-thuphaarinte aayudangal. hindu gavarnarmaare musleem "asof" ennu maattisthaapikkunna nayam athinte varumaanathil idivundaakkiyirikkaam. valare churungiya kaalayalavil, bharanathilum akkoundingilum kannada bhaashaykk pakaram pershyan bhasha vannathayi avakaashappedunnu. kaalaalppada, kuthirappada, peeranki, naavikasena enniva ulppettathaayirunnu sainyam. mangalapuram, kundapura, tadadi ennividangalil ninnu naavikasenaykku naalpat kappalukal pravarthichirunnu.
nerittulla britiish bharanam.
1799-ll tippuvinte maranathethudarnnu 1831-ll raajyam nerittulla britiish bharanathin keezhilaayi. aadyakaala kammeeshanarmaaraaya lushington, briggs, morrison ennivare thudarnnu maarkk kaban, levin bentham boaring ennivar vannu. 1834ll maarkk kyooban chumathalayettu. addeham baamgloorine thalasthaanamaakki, naatturaajyatthe 4 divisionukalaayi vibhajichu, oronnum oru britiish sooprandinte keezhil. samsthaanathe 85 taluk kodathikalulla 120 thaalookkukalaayi vibhajichu, ellah thaazhnna thalatthilulla bharanavum kannada bhaashayilaan. amildar" oru thaalookkinte chumathalayilayirunnu, kurachu gramangal ulppedunna oru "hobliyude" kaavalkkaranaaya "hoblidar" report cheythu. kammeeshanarude offeesil ravanyoo, tapal, police, kuthirappada, pothumaraamathu, medical, mrugasamrakshanam, judiciary, vidyaabhyaasam enningane ettu vakuppukalundaayirunnu. supreme kodathiyil kammeeshanarmaarude kodathi, thudarnnu husur adalat, naalu superenting kodathikal, ettavum thaazhnna thalatthil ettu "sadar munisf" kodathikal ennivayulla judiciary sreniparamaayirunnu. ayiram myliladhikam roadukal, noorukanakkinu anakkettukal, kaappi uthppaadanam, nikuthi, ravanyoo samvidaanangalile mechappeduthalukal ennivayude bahumati maarkk cubaninaanu.
1862ll levin boaring cheef kammeeshanaraayi, 1870 vare aaa sthaanam vahichu. levin boringinte keezhil, samsthaanathe moonnu divisionukalaayi vibhajichu, oronnum oru britiish kammeeshanarude keezhil. eee divisionukalkku keezhil ettu jillakalundaayirunnu, oronnum "amildaarmaarudeyum" "hoblidaarukaludeyum" sahaayathode oru deputy kammeeshanar paripaalikkunnu. property "rajistreshan act", "indian peenal coode", "coode oof criminal proseejyar" enniva praabalyatthil varikayum judiciary bharanathinte executive branchil ninnu verthirikkukayum cheythu. levin boaring kendra vidyaabhyaasa ejansiyude roopeekaranathode vidyaabhyaasa sambradaayam vipuleekarichu, ithu raajyathe vegathil aadunikavalkkarikkaan sahayichu. ennirunnaalum, maarkk cubanil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, levin boaring saadhaaranayaayi britiish offeesarmaare niyamikkaan eshtappettu. 
avatharanam, niyamanirmmaana, saambathika vikasanangal.
1881ll, oru sakthamaaya lobiye anukoolichu, britishukaar mysoorinte bharanam chamaraja vodayar VIII rajaavinu thirike nalki. kammeeshanar padavi nirthalaakkukayum pakaram oru diwan, addehathinte rund upadeshtaakkal, mysur kottaaratthile oru britiish thaamasakkaaran ennivare niyamikkukayum cheythu.
sii. vii. chennai swadeshiyaaya rungacharlu divaanaayi, britiish indiayude aadyathe prathinidhi sabhayaya vividha mekhalakalil ninnulla pramukhar adangunna 144 amgangalumaayi 1881 ll roopeekarikkappettu. addeham kannada bhashayumaayi svayam thirichariyukayum kottara naadaka kambani sthaapich athine samrakshikkukayum cheythu. pothu vaaypakal, pothumaraamathu thudangiya anukoola saambathika nayangal addeham aarambhichu, athupole baamglooril ninnu mysur vareyulla railway line nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
addehathe keey pinthudarnnu. 1883ll sheshadri ayyar. addehathinte kaalath collar svarnnappaadangalil swarnna khananam aarambikkukayum vipulamaaya kaappi thottangalum railway lainukalum sthaapikkukayum cheythu. thiranjedukkappetta amgangalkku moonnu varshathe kaalavadhiyulla niyamasabha thiranjeduppaanu nadannathu. 1891ll aadyamaayi mysur sivil sarvees pareekshakalum, 1894lum 1898lum jiyolaji vakupum, kaarshika vakupum sthaapikkukayum cheytha taluk boardukal aaa thalatthil vikendreekritha adikaaram nalki roopeekarikkappettu. vedavati nadikku kuruke vanivilas sagger anakkett nirmmikkal, 1899ll shivanasamudra jalavaidyutha padhathiyude thudakkam (indiayile aadyathe pradhana sramam), baamgloorilekku vaidyuthi, kudivellam (paippukal vazhi randaamathethu) vitharanam cheyyal, mysoorinte archaeological sarway (1890), ooriyantal maanyuskript library ennivayude sthaapanam ennivayaanu mattu sradheyamaaya nettangal.
pii. enn. diwan poornaiah pingamiyaaya krishnamoorthi 1901ll adhikaaramettu. rekhakal paripalikkunnathinaayi secretariyatt maanuval sthaapichathu, britiish bharana reethikal avatharippichathu, 1905ll sahakarana vakupp sthaapichathu enniva addehathinaanu. vii. pii. 1906ll divaanaaya madhava raavu vanasamrakshanathil shradha chelutthi. 1907ll addeham legislative kaunsil aarambikkukayum baamgloorile central qoo-operative baank 1906ll vokkaligara samghathe sahayikkukayum 1908ll mysur nyoos paper regulation act srishtikkukayum cheythu. mysur saambathika sammelanam udghaadanam cheytha anandarao, krishnarajasagara anakkettin anthimaroopam nalkukayum 1910ll mysur kottaram poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu.
emm. vidyaabhyaasathil enchineeyaraayirunna vishweshwarai 1909ll divaanaayi. samsthaana bajatt charcha cheyyaanulla adhikaarathode mysur niyamasabhayile amgathvam 18ll ninnu 24 aayi uyarthi. mysur saambathika sammelanam vyavasaya, vaanijyam, vidyaabhyaasam, krishi enningane moonnu kammittikalaayi vipuleekarichu, engleeshilum kannadayilum prasidheekaranangal nadatthi. graamapanchaayathukal, praadeshika boardukal, munisippaalittikal ennivaykku thiranjedukkappetta amgangal neethrthwam nalki. krishna rajasagara anakkett, sarkkar sopp factory, mysur cheruppu enna factory ennivayude nirmmaanam, bhadraavathiyile irumbu, urukk nirmmanangal, 1913 ll mysur baank ennivayude sthaapanam ennivayulppede pradhana padhathikalude oru neenda pattika addehathinte kaalath kammeeshan cheyyappettu. vishweshwarai 1916 ll mysur sarvakalashaala, mysur chamber oof komezhs aandu industry, baamgloorile vishweshwarai koleju oof enchiniyaring, karnataka saahitya parishathu enniva sthaapichu. addehathe pinthudarnnu sarr emm. 1919ll kantaraj ursum 1922ll sarr aalbiyon rajkumar bannergy.
avasana divaanukal, indiayil samyojippikkal.
1926ll divaanaayi chumathalayetta sarr mirza ismaayil, vishweshwarai sthaapicha aditharayil nirmmikkukayum mysur saamraajyathe aadunikavalkkarikkunnathil ganyamaaya purogathi kaivarikkukayum cheythu. bhadravati irumbu nirmmaanangalude vipuleekaranavum bhadraavathiyil oru simant, paper factory sthaapikkunnathum addehathinte sambhaavanakalil ulppedunnu. hindusthaan aeronotics limittad, oru porsaline factory, oru glass factory enniva baamglooril sthaapichu, mysooril oru panchasaara factory sthaapichu, belgola aadyathe valam factory sthaapichu. poonthottangalodu thaalpparyamulla kazhivulla bharanadhikaariyaaya addeham aadhunika maandya jillayil jalasechanathinaayi vrindaavan garden (krishnaraaja sagger), mysur medical koleju, kaveri uyarnna thalatthilulla kanal enniva sthaapichu. ismeyiline pinthudarnnu sarr enn. 1947ll puthuthayi swathanthramaaya indiayil raajyam samyojippikkappedunnathu munbu madhava ravuvum sarr arcot ramaswamy mudaliyar.

