
tonstaal reservoir

1879ll poortthiyaakkiya jalavitharana sambharana reservoiraayirunnu tonstaal reservoir, ippol vadakkukizhakkan englandile nadiyile kuranja niyanthrana ozhukk nilanirthaan maathramaan ithu upayogikkunnathu. yunaittad kingdatthinte vadakkan pennainukalil sthithi cheiyunna ithu wolsingham graamatthil ninnu 3.5 kilometer vadakkaayi kaundi durhamile waredalilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. 1876ll enchineeyar thomas hoxley oru bhouma anakkettin keezhilulla paarayude aditharaykkullile chorcha kuraykkunnathinu simant grautt upayogichu marddam mulaykkunna sthalamaayi reservoirine pidichadakkunna munn karaa anakkett amgeekarikkappedunnu. anakkettukalileyum anubandha jalavibhava padhathikalileyum nirmmaanathinum parihaarathinumulla saadhaarana sambradaayamaayi presher growting maari.
anakkett nirmmaanam.
1873num 1879num idayil anakkett nirmmichukondu waredale aandu shildon distrikt vaattar works kambanikkaayi eee reservoir srishtichu. warkerley beck thaazhvaraykku kuruke nirmmicha erthu empaankment daam neelavum uyaravumullathaan. kuzhichumoodiya kuzhiyil ninnu mukalilekku kunnukalkkidayilulla paarayude aditharayilekku vyaapichukidakkunna oru kaliman coor upayogichaanu ithu nirmmichathu. oru thottaduthulla ezhu adii vyaasamulla oru thurankam jalasambharaniyude uyaram niyanthrikkunnu.
neratheyulla growting.
1876ll, reservoir bhaagikamaayi nirachathode, paarakalile villalukaliloode vellam katt-oof trenchinte thaazhekku ozhukunnathaayi kandethi. melnotta enchineeyaraaya thomas hoxley thudakkathil ishtikayum konkreettum upayogichu katt oof vipuleekarichuvenkilum chorcha thudarnnu. atharamoru surakshithamallaatha avastha chikilsikkaan kurachu reethikal neridendivanna hoxley, pinneedu trench alainmentinu thaazheyulla paarayil virasamaya dwaarangalilekku simant grautt ozhikkukayo pump cheiyukayo cheiyunna puthiya saankethikavidya sweekarichu.
1877lum 1878lum hoxley utharavaadiyaaya mattoru anakkettil, rochdale kaum reservoiril ninnulla underseeppej kuraykkaan ithe prakriya upayogichu; chorcha niyantrikkaan growting upayogikkunna randaamathe anakkettayi ithu maari. 1868 muthal nirmmaanathilirunnathum 1877ll thurannathumaaya kaum karayil addeham karayude kattoofinu keezhil grautt kuthivachu. 1886ll chorcha veendum prathyakshappedunnathuvar grouttingiloode parihara chikitsa vijayakaramaayirunnu. kooduthal chikitsa avare sukhappeduthi. hoxley paranja oru paarambaryam "addeham orikkalum rochdale kandittillenn aagrahichirunnu."
udamasthaavakaashathilum upayogathilum mattangal.
samyojanathinte falamaayi, 1902-ll tonstaal reservoir waredale aandu kansett vaattar kambaniyilekkum 1920-ll durham kaundi vaattar bordilekkum kaimari. deshasaalkkaranathinum thudarnnulla svakaaryavalkkaranathinum sesham, ithu ippol northambrian vaattarinte udamasthathayilullathum pravarthippikkunnathi jalasambharaniyaan.
2004 vare, anakkett mathilinu thottaduthaayi sthithi cheiyunna jalasamskarana pravartthanangal eee jalasambharani vitharanam cheythirunnuvenkilum, wareheadle benhop reservoirinode chernnulla oru puthiya samskarana pravartthanangal aarambhichathode, tonstaal jolikal upekshikkappettu. chesttar-leeii-streettil kooduthal thaazhekku asamskritha jalathinte amoortheekaranathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi, nadiyile kuranja niyanthrana ozhukk nilanirthaan maathramaan ippol eee reservoir upayogikkunnathu.
prathyeka shaasthreeya thaalpparyamulla baal hill woods saittinteyum baakkston baankinteyum athirthiyaanu eee reservoir. reservoirude vadakke attathu, desheeyathalathil bhayappeduthunna nool tirakk, "juncus philiphormis" sambhavikkunna oru cheria chathuppunilamund; ithu samrakshikkunnathinaayi, vadakku-kizhakk jalam chathuppine oru swakaarya prakrithi samrakshana kendramaayi namakaranam cheythittundu. reservoirile backie bhagam boat, baank malsyabandhanam ennivaykkaayi tonstaal mathsyabandhanathinaayi upayogikkunnu.