
brook phoos westcoat

1890 muthal maranam vare durhaaminte bishappayi sevanamanushticha oru engleesh bishop baibil pandithanum daivashaasthranjanumaayirunnu brook phoos westcoat (12 januvari 1825-27 juulai 1901). 1881-ll "yadhaartha greekkile puthiya udambadi" saha-edittu cheythathiloode addeham orupakshe ettavum kooduthal ariyappedunnu. addeham britiish saamraajyathinte aaveshakaramaaya pinthunakkaaranaayirunnu.
berminghamil janicha vestt kottu king edward VI schoolilum cambridgile trinity collegilum vidyaabhyaasam nedi. oru pandithanenna nilayil addeham niravadhi avaardukal nedukayum eratta-onnaam bahumathikalode bii. eiii nedukayum cheythu. pinneedu addeham haaro schoolilum kembridjilum adthyaapaka sthaanangal vahichu, avide addeham aajeevanantha suhruthukkalaaya joseph barber lightfoot, phentan hortt ennivarumaayi puthiya niyama paatapatanangal ulppedeyulla daivashaasthraparamaaya pravarthanangalil sahakarichu. puthiya niyamathile addehathinte swaadheenakaramaaya kruthikal ulppede niravadhi pusthakangalum lekhanangalum vestt kottu prasidheekarichu. oru vidyaabhyaasa parishkarthaavu enna nilayil addeham sent. steefans koleju, dalhi, kembridge purohita pariseelana skoolinte roopeekaranam. 1890-ll addeham durhaaminte bishappayi, avide pradeshathe khananam, shipping, karakaushala vyavasayangalil praayogika thaalparyam prakadippichu. oru kristhyan soshyalistum sahakarana prasthaanathinteyum videsha douthyangaludeyum sabhaa parishkaranatthinteyum sakthamaaya pinthunakkaaranumaayirunnu vestt kottu. vishudhagrandhangalilum charithratthinte padippikkalukalilum daivika velipaadinte praadhaanyam addehathinte daivashaasthraparamaaya kruthikal oonnipparanju, puthiya niyamathile greak paatatthil hortumaayulla addehathinte sahakaranm engleesh baibil vimarshanathil oru pradhana nettamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
addeham janichathu birminghamilaanu. addehathinte pithaav frederic brook westcoat oru sasyashaasthranjanaayirunnu. vestt kottu birminghamile king edward VI schoolil jaims prins leeyude keezhil vidyaabhyaasam nedi, avide addeham pinneedu durhaaminte bishappaya joseph barber laitfoottumaayi sauhrudam sthaapichu.
vestt kottinte kuttikkalam birminghamile rashtreeya samgharshangalilonnaayirunnum 1831-ll birminghamile rashtreeya union yogathilekku oru valia ghoshayaathraykk neethrthwam nalkia thomas aatt wood addehathinte aadyakaala oormmakalil onnaayirunnuvennum addeham paranju. eee chartism birminghamile gurutharamaaya aswasthathakalilekku nayichu, niravadhi varshangalkk sesham vestt kottu akkaalathe anubavangal addehathil undakkiya aazhathilulla swaadheenathe soochippikkum.
1844-ll westcoat kembridjile trinity collegil praveshichu, avide kembridge apposthalanmarodoppam cheraan addehathe kshanichu. 1846ll addeham oru pandithanaayi, 1846lum 1847lum oru greak oodinu braun medal, 1847lum 1849lum oru laattin upanyaasathin amgangalude sammaanavum nedi. 1848 januvariyil addeham bii. eiii birudam nedi, eratta-onnaam bahumathikal nedi. ganithashaasthrathil, addeham irupathinaalaamathe rangleraayirunnu, isak thodandar seeniyarayirunnu. klaasikkukalil, addeham seeniyarayirunnu, pinneedu westminstar skoolinte hedmaastaraaya chaals broderic skottumaayi bracket cheyyappettu.
aadyakaala adthyaapanajeevitham.
birudam nediya sesham westcoat trinittiyil thaamasichu. 1849-ll addeham thante fellowship nedi; athe varsham thanne addehathinte pazhaya headmaster, pinneedu maanchasttarile bishappaya prins liie addehathe deekkan aakki. 1851ll addeham niyamithanaakukayum haaro schoolil asisttant maastaraayi maarukayum cheythu. padanathinoppam, westcoat vidyaarthikale kembridjil kondupoyi; saha vaayanakkaaril addehathinte school suhruthu laitfoottum addehathinte aduppamullathum aajeevanantha suhruthukkalumaaya edward vaitt benzon phentan hort ulppedunnu. laitfoottumaayum hortumaayum ulla sauhrudam addehathinte bhaavi jeevithatheyum joly swaadheenichu.
daarshanika, desasneha, charithrapadanangalil addeham valareyadhikam shradha kendreekarichu, ennaal addehathinte pradhana thaalparyam puthiya niyamaparamaaya pravarthanangalilaayirunnu. 1851-ll addeham "suvishesha aikyathinte gadakangal" enna thalakkettode thante norrisian sammana lekhanam prasidheekarichu. 1781ll vaittanile joonn norris eskkinte vilppathraprakaram irupathu muthal muppath vayass vare praayamulla oru daivashaasthra vishayathile sthaanaarthiyude mikacha lekhanathinulla norphoc enna norphokkinte vilppathrathilaan daivashaasthrathinulla cambridge yooniversitti norrisian sammanam sthaapichathu.
addeham thante school chumathalakale thante daivashaasthra gaveshanavum saahitya rachanakalum samyojippichu. sii. yude keezhil ekadesham irupathu varshatholam addeham haaroyil jolie cheythu. jeey. vagan henry montagu buttler, pakshe valia ennam aalukalkkidayil achadakkam nilanirthunnathil addeham orikkalum midukkanaayirunnilla.
aadyakaala daivashaasthra rachanakal.
1855-ll addeham thante "puthiya niyamatthinte charithram" enna pusthakatthinte aadya pathipp prasidheekarichu, athu pathivayi parishkarikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu, eee vishayathekkurichulla saadhaarana engleesh kruthiyaayi maari. 1859-ll, addehathinte "suvishesha athbhuthangalude savisheshathakal" prathyakshappettu.
1860-ll addeham thante "suvisheshasamathvathinte gadakangal" enna lekhanam "suvisheshangalude padanatthinte aamukham" aayi vipuleekarichu. canon", "mcabees", "vulgate" ennivayekkurichulla addehathinte lekhanangal, prathyekichu smithinte "" baibil nighandu "," westcoatinte rachanakal, addehathinte thudarnnulla janapriya pusthakangalaaya "" dhii baibil inn dhii charchu "(1864)," "histtari oof dhii engleesh baibil" (1869) ennivayude rachanayilekku nayichu ". ithe kaalaghattatthil "punarutthaanatthinte suvishesham" (1866) ulppedunnu. charithrashaasthrathinteyum shudhamaaya yukthiyudeyum avakaashavaadangale athu amgeekarichu. pusthakam prathyakshappetta samayat, addehathinte shamaapana reethi moulikatha kaanichirunnuvenkilum shailiyude budhimuttu moolam athu durbalamaayi.
1865ll addeham bii.dii., 1870-ll addehathinte dii.dii. pinneedu addehathinu dii. sii. yude oonarari birudangal labhichu.ell. ooksfoordil ninnum (1881) dii.dii. edinbergil ninnu (1883). 1868-ll, bishop connor maagi (peterboro) westcoatine parishodhikkunna chappline niyamichu; adutha varsham addeham peterboroyil oru canonary sweekarichu, ithu haaro vidaan addehathe nirbandhithanaakki.
kembridge, daivathvathinte regious professorship.
oru kaalaghattatthil addeham oru cathedral jeevithathekkurichu aaveshabharithanaayirunnu, padanathinaayi samarppikkukayum roopathayude mathaparavum boudhikavumaaya nettatthinulla avasarangal vikasippikkukayum cheythu. ennaal kembridjile daivathvathinte regious professor sthaanam ozhinjukidannu, jeey. bii. annu halsian professoraayirunna lightfoot vestt kottinu anukoolamaayi athu nirasichu. 1870 november 1nuu westcoat chairmaanaayi thiranjedukkappettathu laittfoottinte pinthuna moolamaanu.
westcoat ippol thanikk anuyojyamaaya oru sthaanam vahichirunnu. sarvakalaashaalayile daivashaasthrapadanathinte nilavaaram uyarthunnathil addeham oru pradhana punk vahichu. thante suhruthukkalaaya laitfoottinteyum hortinteyum pinthunayode addeham daivathvathile birudangalkkulla niyanthranangal parishkarikkukayum puthiya daivashaasthra triposinte roopeekaranathinum aadya punaravalokanatthinum utharavaadiyaayirikkukayum cheythu. addeham prabhashanangal aasoothranam cheyyukayum puthiya daivatwa vidyaalayavum library samghadippikkukayum cheythu.
thante patanam kooduthal thudarchayaayum kooduthal vidyaarthikale kaananum vendi addeham kadinaadhvaanam cheyyukayum oru sarvakalashaala kariyarile niravadhi aanukoolyangal upekshikkukayum cheythu.
prabhashanangal.
addehathinte prabhashanangal pothuve baibil vishayangalilaayirunnu. addehathinte "sent johns gospellinekkurichulla vyaakhyaanangal" (1881), "ebraayarkkulla lekhanam" (1889), "sent joninte lekhanangal" (1883) enniva addehathinte pothu prabhaashanangalude falamaanu.
addehathinte ettavum moolyavathaaya kruthikalilonnaaya "jeevithathinte suvishesham" (1892), kristheeya sidhaanthathekkurichulla oru padanatthil, aazhchayile vaikunnerangalil addeham kooduthal svakaaryavum nigoodavumaaya prabhaashanangalude oru parambara nalkia vasthukkal ulppeduthi. prabhashanangal addehathinu theevramaaya sammarddamaayirunnu, pakshe addehathinte swaadheenam valare valuthaayirunnu westcoatinte prabhashanangalilonnil pankedukkunnathu dyootsinte uthbhavathekkuricho roopathekkuricho ulla paraamarshangal manassilakkaan kazhiyaathavare prothsaahippicha oru anubhavamaayirunnu.
puthiya niyamaparamaaya paatapatanangal.
1870 num 1881 num idayil, puthiya niyamatthinte oru pathippinaayi tekst critical kruthikalilum athe samayam hortumaayi chernnu oru puthiya paatam thayyarakkunnathilum westcoat nirantharam earppettirunnu. westcoat, lightfoot, hortt ennivarkku idaykkide swaabhaavikamaayum kandumuttaavunna varshangal, avar moovarum aazhathil muzhukiyirunna joliyekkurichulla charchakal avarude jeevithathil santhoshakaravum savisheshavumaaya oru kaalaghattamaayi maari.
1881-ll, ekadesham muppath varshathe nirantharamaaya advaanam chelavazhicha puthiya niyamatthinte prashasthamaaya vestt kottu aandu hortt paatam prathyakshappettu.
vidyaabhyaasa parishkarthaavu.
daivathvathile birudangalkkaayulla niyanthranangalile parishkaarangal, puthiya daivashaasthra triposinte roopeekaranavum aadya punaravalokanavum, dalhiyile kembridge missionte udghaadanavum thudarnnulla sent. dalhiyile steefans koleju, sabhaa samoohathinte sthaapanam (cheruppakkaarude daivashaasthra, sabhaparamaaya chodyangal charcha cheiyunnathinaayi), daivatwa faakkaltti yogangal, puthiya daivatwa skoolinteyum libraryudeyum samghadana, pinneedu, kembridge purohita pariseelana school (1901 ll addehathinte bahumaanaartham vestt kottu house ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu) ennivayellaam valare yadhaarthathil, rejiyas professor enna nilayil vestt kottinte oorjjathinteyum swaadheenathinteyum phalamaayirunnu. vishudha oordarukalkkulla udyogaarthikalkkaayulla ooksfoord, cambridge praadhamika pareekshayum eee pattikayilekku cherkkanam, athil addeham ettavum aduthathaayi thiricharinjavaril oraalaan.
1879ll lightfoot durhaaminte bishappakaan purappettath westcoatin valia thirichadiyaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, athu addehathe kooduthal praadhaanyathilekku konduvaraan kaaranamaayi. laittfoottinte kooduthal praayogika swabhaavam munbu prabalamaayirunna kaaryangalil neethrthwam nalkaan addeham nirbandhithanaayi.
westminstar aabiyil canonary.
1883ll vestt kottu kingsile professor phehlowshippilek thiranjedukkappettu. taamasiyaathe, munbu peterboreyil thante canonary raajivacha addehathe westminstar aabiyile oru canonaryilekku kireedavakashi niyamikkukayum aarch bishop benzoninu chappline parisodhikkaanulla sthaanam sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
gaayakasamghangalude upayogathinaayi krameekarichirikkunna addehathinte "khandika salter" (1879)-nte cheria pathipum "charitraparamaaya vishwaasam" (1883) enna thalakkettilulla apposthalanmaarude mathathekkurichulla addehathinte prabhaashanangalum peettarboril chelavazhicha addehathinte avadhikkaalangalude oormmakalaanu. rejiyas professorshippinoppam westminstaril addeham thante canonary nadatthi.
samyuktha joliyude sammarddam valare bhaaramaayirunnu, thaan amgamaayi niyamithanaaya sabhaa kodathi kammeeshante advaanathil addeham vahicha thaalpparyathinteyum padanathinteyum theevratha addehathinte bharam vardhippichu.
westminstar aabiyil prasamgichathu saamoohika chodyangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan addehathinu avasaram nalki. addehathinte prabhashanangal saadhaaranayaayi oru parambarayude bhagangalaayirunnu; eee kaalaghattatthil "kristtas kankumettar" (1886), "kristhumathatthinte saamoohika vashangal" (1887) ennee vaalyangal ulppedunnu. 1889 muthal westcoat kristhyan soshyal yooniyante presidency pradhaanadhaarayile aadaraneeyaraaya palliyile aalukale daridrarkkum thozhillillaathavarkkum neethi aavashyappedunnathilekku aakarshikkan valareyadhikam sahayichu.
durhaaminte bishop.
1890 maarchil, 1889 desemberil maricha thante priyappetta suhruthu laittfoottinte padikal pinthudaraan addehathe naamanirddesham cheythu. beverleyile bishop (york aarch bishappinte kammeeshanaraayi pravartthikkunna) roobert crostwite epril 30nuu york minsttaril addehathe thiranjedukkunnathu sthireekarikkukayum meyy 1nuu westminstar aabiyil yorkkile aarch bishop vilyam thompson addehathe prathishtikkukayum cheythu.
eakaanthanum oru nigoodanumaaya thante prashasthikk vipareethamaayi, durhamile khanana janasamkhyayilum sunderlandileyum gatesheadileyum shipping, karakaushala vyavasaayangalilum addeham praayogika thaalparyam prakadippichu. 1892ll durham kalkkarikkadakalile yajamananmareyum manushyareyum bhinnippicha deerghavum kayperiyathumaaya oru samadhaanaparamaaya pariharam konduvarunnathil addeham vijayichu.
aadyathe deconnaceine niyamikkunnathil vestt kottu ulppettirunnu, athu puthiyathaayirunnu, ennaal addehathinte mungaamikal sangalppichathupole vanita deekkanukale srishtikkaanulla nirddeshathe ithu adivarayittu, engleesh palliyil sthreekal thulya adisthaanathil sevikkunnath kaanaan aagrahikkunna emily marshell vaadichu.
oru kristhyan soshyalist ennu visheshippikkappedunna addeham sahakarana prasthaanatthinte kadutha pinthunakkaaranaayirunnu. praayogikamaayi addeham kristhyan soshyal yooniyante sthaapakanaayirunnu. videsha douthyangalude lakshyam prothsaahippikkendathi aavasyakatha addeham nirantharam oonnipparanju; addehathinte naalu puthranmaar indiayile sabhaykkaayi missionary pravartthanangal nadatthi.
avasaanam vare oorjjaswalanaayirunnuvele jeevithathinte avasaanathe rando moonno varshangalil addehathinu ganyamaaya praayamaayi. 1901 meyy maasathil addehathinte bhaarya pettennu marikkukayum addeham thante avasana pusthakamaaya 'joliyil ninnulla paadangal' (1901) avarude oormmaykkaayi samarppikkukayum cheythu. juulai 20 nuu durham cathedralile khanithozhilaalikalude vaarshika utsavathil addeham oru vidavaangal prabhashanam nadatthi. pinneedu hraswavum pettennullathum maarakavumaya oru rogam vannu. accland kottayile chappalil addehathe samskarichu.
kudumbam.
1852-ll bristtolile thomas middlemore vithaardinte makalaaya saaraa louisa merii withardine (ca 1830-1901) westcoat vivaham kazhichu. srimati vestt kottinu varshangalolam videsha missionary pravarthanangalil aazhathilulla thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. pinneedulla varshangalil avar asaadhuvaayitheerukayum 1901 meyy 28 nuu marikkukayum cheythu. avarkk ezhu aanmakkalum moonnu penmakkalum undaayirunnu, frederic ulppede, addeham englandile sabhayile shushrooshayilekku pithaavine pinthudarnnu, sherbone skoolinte headmasterum norvichile aarch deakon, sent polinte kathukalekkurichu onniladhikam pusthakangalude rachayithaavum; laknau bishop jorj; kalkattayudeyum metropolittan oof indiayude bishappumaya phoos.
paarambaryavum swaadheenavum.
vestt kottu oru idungiya vidagthanaayirunnilla. kavitayum samgeethavum kalayum addehathinu ishtamaayirunnu. addehathinte saahityaparamaaya anubhavam vishaalamaayirunnu. euripidasine prashamsikkunnathil addeham orikkalum maduthilla, koodaathe roobert brouninginte rachanakal padikkukayum cheythu. kazhivulla draftsmaanaanennum addeham parayappedunnu, utharavukal sweekarichillengil addeham oru vaasthushilpiyaakumaayirunnu palappozhum parayaarundaayirunnu. kembridjile prakrithishaasthra padanangalude vikasanam addeham santhoshathode pinthudarnnu. krithyathayo thante chinthayude adisthaanam vishalamakkalo cheiyunnathinaayi addeham oru vedana ozhivaakkiyilla. angane addeham oru venalkkaala avadikkaalam auguste komtteyude "positteev raashtreeyam" shradhaapoorvvam vishakalanam cheiyunnathinaayi neekkivechu.
kizhakk bhaagathe vishudhagrandhangal addeham shradhaapoorvvam padikkukayum kristhumathathekkurichu oru chittayaya kazhchappadinum mattu mathangalude thathwachinthaye avaganikkaan kazhiyillennu aathmaarthamaayi vaadikkukayum cheythu. puramlokam addehathe oru nigoodanaayi kanakkaakkaarundaayirunni; jeevithathekkurichulla nigoodamaaya allengil mathasamskaraparamaaya veekshanam addehathinte padippikkalilekku praveshikkunnu ennathu valare sathyamaan. pathinezhaam noottaandile kembridge plaatonistukalumaayumaayum eph. yumayum addehathinu eee kaaryatthil niravadhi saamyangalund. dii. addeham aazhathil bahumaanichirunna mouris. njaan orikkalum derbyil poyittilla" enna addehathinte nireekshanam addehathinte laukikathayillaaymayude rasakaramaaya oru udaaharanamaayirunnu. orikkal, ennirunnaalum, njaan eathaandu cheythu njaan derbiyiloode kadannupokukayaayirunnu, athe divasam thanne.
sabhaasameekaranathe, prathyekichu saadhaaranakkaarkku valia adikaarangal nedunnathinulla dishayil addeham sakthamaaya pinthunakkaaranaayirunnu.
ellah party kalahangalil ninnum addeham svayam akannu. addeham svayam vivarikkunnath ingane
addehathinte daivashaasthraparamaaya pravartthanangal vishudha grandhangalilum charithrapadanatthilum daivika velipaadinu valia praadhaanyam nalki. punaruthaanatthinteyum avathaarathinteyum sidhaanthangalekkurichu avarude nilavile daaranaykku englandil addehathinte swantham padanangal valia sambhavana nalkiyittundu. puthiya niyamathile greak paatathekkurichulla hortumaayi chernnu addeham nadatthiya pravartthanangal engleesh baibil vimarshanathinte ettavum valia nettangalilonnayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. varshangalude vipulamaaya anweshanathinum rund suhruthukkal thammilulla nirantharamaaya kathidapaadukalkkum charchakalkkum sheshamaan hortinte aamukhathil vishadeekarichirikkunna thathwangal athichernnathu. brittanileyum europiludaneelamulla shaasthreeya pandithanmarkkidayil athu eathaandu oresamayam edutha sthaanam purathana adhikaarikalude upayogathilum vargeekaranathilum athu prathinidheekaricha valia munnettatthinte amgeekaaramaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandil engleesh sabha nirmmicha ettavum mikacha baibil vishadeekaranamaayi addehathinte vyaakhyaanangal lightfoot aayi kanakkakkunnu.
vilyam edwards millarude westcoatinte oru chhaayaachitram kembridjile trinity kolejinte shekharathilaanu.
juulai 27 nuu oru anusmaranathodoppam englandile palliyil brook phoos westcoat anusmarikkappedunnu.
tharkkam.
chila american moulikavaadikal westcoatinteyum hortinteyum bybilile greak paatatthe azhimathikkaaraanennu apalapichittundu. eee vimarshakaril bhooribhaagavum king jaims onli prasthaanatthe amgeekarikkunnavaraanu. king jaims onli ezhuthukaariyaaya geyil replinger avarude "nyoo eaju baibil pathippukal" enna pusthakatthil avaa udharikkunnu. athil, westcoat eee nigoodathayil earppettirikkunnuvennu avar aaropikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, westcoat thanne ezhuthi,
jolie cheiyunnu.
vestt kottinte ettavum pradhanappetta rachanakalude oru grandhasoochika thaazhepparayunnavayaanu, aadya pathippukalude theeyathi nalkunnu

