
sent. jorjinte kaaval seena, bermuda

sent. britiish kolaniyilum bermudayile saamraajyathva kottayilum (allengil somers ailans) sthaapithamaaya bermuda gaarisaninte aadyathe sthiramaaya sainika campayirunnu jorjinte gaarisan, "pazhaya sainika paatha" yum yadhaartha "royal baarakkukalum" nirmmichu, ithu franch viplavathe thudarnnu brittan france thammilulla yudhathil aarambhichu. 1957ll bermudayile mattu admiraltti, vaar oafees swathukkalumaayi sivil (colonial) gavanmentilekku maattunnathuvare ithu upayogathilundaayirunnu.
charithram.
1701 meyy maasathil saadhaarana sainikarude (kyapttan lancelot sandis, lefttanant roobert henley, rund sarjantukal, rund corporalukal, ambathu swakaarya sainikar, oru drummer) oru swatantra kambaniyude bermudayile varavode engleesh sainyathinte randaam paadatthil ninnu (puthiya govarnor commander-inn-cheefumaaya kyapttan benchamin bennattinoppam) verpeduthiya bermuda gaarisan sthaapikkappettu. ithinu munbu, bermudayile eaka sainika senakal part time milissia sannadha thokkudhaarikalum aayirunnu, avar kottakettya theeradesha peeranki baattarikal kaikaaryam cheythirunnu. swatantra kambanikal kolaniyil sthiramaayi nilayurappikkukayum athinte udyogasthar avide phalapradamaayi sthirathaamasamaakkukayum discharge cheyyappetta allengil maricha udyogastharkku aanukaalika pakarakkar labikkukayum cheythu. sentar centersile swakaarya veedukalil udyogasthare paarppichirunnathinaal baarakkukal nalkiyirunnilla. colonial thalasthaanamaaya jorjinte pattanam.
1763-ll ezhu varshathe yuddham avasaanichathinethudarnnu swatantra kambani neekkam cheyyappettu. onpathaam paadatthile oru kambani floridayil ninnu verpeduthi, bahamas swatantra kambaniyil ninnulla oru verpiriyal upayogichu shakthippeduthi, ennaal 1768 ll eee sena pinvalikkapettu, milishya maathram avasheshichu. american swaathanthryasamarasamayath, royal gaarisan battaaliyante bhaagamaayi kondinental yudhakkalangalil ninnu amgeekrithamallaatha saadhaarana sainikare bermuda nilayurappichirunnu (veendum praadhamikamaayi sent. jorjinte pattanam, chila udyogasthar canvassinu keezhilum mattullavar 1778num 1784num idayil kottakalilo sameepatho chitharikkidakkunna cheria thaamasasthalangalaaya ferry reejilo pejatt dveepile fort pejattilo kotta dveepile "kings casililo" thaamasichirunnuvenkilum royal gaarisan battaaliyante ellah kambanikalum bermuda othukoodukayum american aikyanaadukal roopeekarikkaanirunna pathimoonnu kolanikalkku swaathanthryam labhicha paarees udambadiyethudarnnu pirichuvidukayum cheythu.
ennirunnaalum, american aikyanaadukalude swaathanthryam vadakkan carolinayil ninnu 640 mile akaleyulla thanthrapradhaanamaaya sthaanam kaaranam bermuda oru saamraajyathva kottayaayi uyarthaan kaaranamaayi. royal nevi udan thanne royal neval doock yardai maranullah aasoothranam aarambhichu, ennirunnaalum vadakkan thadaakathilekkum valia shabdathilekkum haamilttan thuramukhathilekkum (1790 ll pembrock edavakayil haamilttan pattanam sthaapithamaaya) valia kappalukalkk praveshanam nalkaan paryapthamaaya oru chaanal kandethaan bermuda barrier reef chart cheyyaan oru dussen varsham chelavazhikkaan aadyam nirbandhithamaayi. franch viplavam 47-aamath rejiment oof foottinteyum 1793-ll bermudayilekku ayacha rajakeeya peerankikalude asaadhuvaaya kambaniyudeyum oru detachment upayogichu bermuda thaavalathinaayulla padhathikal thwarithappeduthi, vais admiral sarr jorjju murey, puthiya nadiyude commander-inn-cheef. laurence aandu koost oof america, vadakke america, vestt indees steshan, sent rooss hillil aadyathe admiraltti house, bermuda sthaapichu. 1794ll jorjju, centilum parisaratthum naavika thaavalam thaalkkaalikamaayi sthaapichu. jorjinte pattanam, ireland dveep bermuda padinjaaran attathulla mattu bhoomiyum doock yaardinte nirmmaanathinaayi ettedukkukayaayirunnu. kappalppadayude aadyathe nankooram ippozhum "mureyude nankooram" ennariyappedunna sent oof northen lagoonilaayirunnu. jorjinte dweep.
saadhaarana peeranki kambaniyum kaalalppadayum sent. kottakalilum bermudaykku chuttumulla mattu sthalangalilum ditaachmentukal sthaapichittulla jorjinte pattanam (akkaalat "barac hill" ennariyappettirunnu), ennaal kooduthalum kizhakke attathu valia shippingin anuyojyamaaya eaka chaanal sthithicheyyunnu, athinaal prathirodham ettavum shakthamaayirunnu. muzhuvan samaya sevanathinaayi yudhasamayathu ulkkollaan kazhiyunna milissia sannadha gunnarukalum kolaniyude prathirodhatthinu pradhanamaayi thudarnnu, ennaal board oof oordanansinte pathiv unitukal (royal peerankikalum royal enchineeyarmaarum, athupole thanne commissionariat storukal, oordanans, transport, baarakkukal vakuppukal), britiish sainyam enniva vardhichathode colonial sarkkar milishyaykku dhanasahayam nalkunnathum paripalikkunnathum nirtthi. 1812 muthal 1815 vareyulla american yudhathil pourasenayum sannadhapravarthakarum saktharaayi valarnnuvenkilum, thudarnnu avare mangaan anuvadikkukayum saadhaarana sainika senakal (crimean yudhathinu sesham, 1855 ll board oof oordanans nirthalaakkukayum athinte sainika corps, storukal, gathagatha vakuppukal enniva britiish sainyathil ulppeduthukayum cheythu, ithu karaa, theeradesha prathirodhatthinte poornna utharavaaditham ettedukkukayum cheythu.
nova skottiyaykkum britiish vestt indeesinum edayilullathum puthiya american aikyanaadukalude atlaantik kadaltheerathu ninnu 640 mile akaleyullathumaaya sthalamaanu bermuda praadhaanyam. 1812 leeii american yudhathil royal neviyude vadakke america steshante schwadron american aikyanaadukalude atlaantik theerathu uparodham nilanirtthiyappol ithu theliyikkapettathupole american aikyanaadukalude theerathu aadhipathyam sthaapikkaan ithu thikachum sajjamaayirunnu ennaanu ithinartham.
bermuda aasthaanamaayulla naavika, sainika senakalum yudhasamayathu american aikyanaadukalude atlaantik theeratho athinadutho ulla lakshyangalkethire ubhayachara pravartthanangal nadatthi. 1813-ll, lefttanant-kenal, sarr thomas sidani bekwit bermudayilethi, american aikyanaadukalude atlaantik kadaltheerathu, prathyekichu chesapeak ulkkadal mekhalayil, kaanadayude athirthiyil ninnu american sainyathe valichizhakkuka enna lakshyathode raid cheiyunnathil royal neviyumaayi pravarthikkaanulla oru sainika senaye niyogichu. rund brigedukalaayi vibhajicha senayil, pinneedu bermudayile gaarisan deutyilundaayirunna kaalaalppada rejiment, 102-aamath kaalnada rejiment, naavika schwadronile kappalukalil ninnulla royal mareenukal, franch yudhathadavukaarkkidayil ninnu recruit cheytha oru yoonit enniva ulppedunnu. 1813 juun 22nuu nadanna crainey dweep yudhathil ithu pankedutthu.
1814 augustil mejar general roobert rosinte neethrthwathil 2,500 sainikarude oru seena moonnu frigettukalum moonnu sloppukalum mattu patthu kappalukalum boatil bermuda athiyirunnu. upadveep yudhathil ninnu vijayathiloode mochippikkappetta avaa merilaandinteyum virjeeniayudeyum theerangalil vazhithirichuvidunna reydukalkku upayogikkaan uddeshichullathaayirunnu. lefttanant general sarr jorjju prevostinte (upper-canada, lover-canada, nova scotia, nyoo-brunswick ennee pravishyakalilum athilumappurathumulla kyapttan generalum govarnor-inn-cheef, avarude niravadhi aashrithathvangalum, vais admiralum, lefttanant generalum, lover-canada, upper-canada, nova scotia, nyoo-brunswick ennee pravisyakalil thante ellah sainyathinteyum commander, avarude niravadhi aashrithathvangalum, newfoundland dveepukalilum, prins edward, cape brettan, bermudas, & sii. & sii. & sii) kooll keezhil american sainyam "thadaakam eriyude vadakkan theerathu swakaarya swath anaavashyamaayi nasippichathinu" prathikaaramaayi american theerathu panimudakkinu ahvaanam cheiyunnu. 1814 meyy maasatthile joonn campbel (ettavum sradheyamaayathu portt doverile reydaanu). thalphalamaayi, bermudayile admiralukalum roses cheshapeekk prachaaranatthil american aikyanaadukalude thalasthaanathu akramanam nadatthaan ithinakam steshanilulla naavika, sainika unitukalumaayi chernnu senaye niyamikkaan theerumaanichu, athinte falamaayi alexandriayile raid, bladdensburg yuddham, washington kathikkal, baltimore yudhathil merilaandile baltimoril akramanam nadatthaan shramichu. artic muthal vestt indees vare (irupathaam noottaandil, bermuda niyanthranatthilulla vadakke america, vestt indees steshan (1812 leeii american yudhathinu sesham vadakke america steshan maariyath pole) royal neviyude padinjaaran atlaantik samudrathe niyanthricha pradhana thaavalamaayum bermuda pravarthichu, athinte pradesham padinjaaran thekkan atlaantik, thekke amerikkayile atlaantik theeram, athupole thanne pasaphik theeram, teara dell fugo muthal artic vare) ulppeduthum.
1815ll sarkkar bhavanathinteyum bermuda paarlamentinteyum chalanathode (aadyathethu pattanatthinte vadakku bhaagath laamgtan parvatham kayarunnathuvare, ennaal munisippal athirthikku purathu) haamilttan pattanam colonial thalasthaanamaayi maari, ekadesham naavika thaavalatthinte padinjaaran attathekkum admiraltti housinteyum (ithinakam bailis beyile "moundu windam" lake, haamilttan paarishile spanish poyintilekku, haamilttan pattanathinaduthulla. sainyathinte aasthaanam sent. jorj sent. jorjinte kaaval senayaayirunnu bermudayile eaka valia camp.
ennirunnaalum, 1840-kalil, haamilttan pattanatthinu kizhakkulla deventire edavakayil, prospekt kyaambinte nirmmaanathinaayi bhoomi ettedukkukayum 1860-kalode bermuda gaarisan aasthaanavum kaalaalppadayude bhooribhaagavum avidekku maattukayum cheythu. kizhakkan attathu theeradesha peeranki prathirodham ettavum kooduthalaayirunnathinal, rajakeeya peeranki kooduthalum sent. jorjinte kaavalkkaaran. 1860kalil, rajakeeya naavikasena kizhakkan, madhya edavakakalile bhoovudamakal sainyathinum, kuttavaali beyile bhoomi, sent. jorjju randupereyum aduthulla sent jorjju enna kettidatthil ulppeduthi. jorjinte kaaval seena, kuttavaalikalude bay oru rajakeeya enchineeyarmaarude muttamaayi maari.
1863ll royal neval doock yard nirmmikkaan upayogichirunna avasaanathe kuttavaalikalaaya thozhilaallikale bermuda ninnu neekkam cheythathinushesham, padinjaaran attathulla booas, watford dveepukal, clarence baarakkukalude sthalam (kuttavaalikale paarppikkunnathinaayi nirmmicha), admiralttiyil ninnu yuddha offeesilekku maattukayum bermudayile moonnaamathe pradhana sainika campaayi maarukayum cheythu. kolaniye moonnu sainika jillakalaayi vibhajichu, padinjaaru clarence baarakkukalil ninnum, madhyabhagam prospekt campil ninnum, kizhakk sent. jorjinte kaaval sena bermuda mothatthilulla aasthaanavum pratheekshayilaan.
sent. nagaratthinte kizhakkum vadakkum bhaagathulla vividha baarakkukal, kottakal, mattu soukaryangal (royal baarakkukal, 1860-kalil nirmmicha puthiya baarakkukal, steshan ashupatri, royal enchineeyarmaarude yard, kudilukal, vividha vivaha kwartezhs, single offeesarmaarude kwartezhs, messukal, fort sent enniva ulppede) enniva saadhaaranayaayi jorjinte gaarisan soochippikkunnu. catherines, fort victoria, fort albert, vestten redout, mattu soukaryangal enniva) thalphalamaayi taunn katt baattari (gates fort), fort jorj, alexandra baattari, armi oordanans corps dippo oof oordanans ailand, sent vaattar streettile kammeeshanariyettu soukaryam (pinneedu oru armi sarvees corps warf) thudangi aduthulla niravadhi upagraha soukaryangal ulppedunnu. jorjinte pattanavum, kooduthal vidooramaaya kottakettya theeradesha baattarikaludeyum mattu sainika soukaryangaludeyum dittaachmentukaludeyum niyanthranavum sent. jorjinte edavakayum kizhakkan haamilttan edavakayum.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil theeradesha peeranki thokkukalude vyapthiyum shakthiyum athivegam vardhichathode baattarikalude ennam kuranju, athinte falamaayi sainikarude ennathil kuravundaayi. onnaam lokamahaayudhathetthudarnna britiish sainyathinte kadutha vettikkuravil 1928ll bermuda ninnu saadhaarana royal peerankikal, royal enchineeyar kambanikal enniva pinvalikkapettu (rund lokamahaayudhangalkkidayil saadhaarana kaalaalppada sthaapanavum kramanugathamaayi kuranju). 1895ll rajakeeya peerankikalkkullil oru part time, praadeshika sevana reserve aayi bermuda milishya peeranki nirmikkappettu. saadhaarana thokkudhaarikale veendum shakthippeduthunnathinaayi yudhasamayathu allengil vaarshika parisheelanathinaayi maathram ulkkollaan uddeshichirunnuvenkilum, yudhathinu thayyaaredukkunna baattarikal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla muzhuvan utharavaadithavum athu etteduthu, 1930 ll bermuda sannadha enchineeyarmaare uyarthi, pinvalicha saadhaarana enchineeyarmaarude chila utharavaadithangal ettedukkaan (prathyekichu, theeradesha peerankikalude lakshyangal prakaashippikkaan upayogikkunna prathirodha electric laittukal kaikaaryam cheyyuka). eee yoonittukalude cheria valippangal ardhamaakkunnathu sent sentil rund 6 inch thokkukal maathramaan. davidinte baattari yudhathinu thayyarayirikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu, aazhchathorumulla parisheelanatthinte bhooribhaagavum sent. bermuda milishya peeranki aasthaanamaaya jorjinte gaarsan, kuttavaali ulkkadalil sthithicheyyunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, royal canadian naavikasenaykku kuttavaali bay upayogichu, athu hmcs somers dveepukalaayi kammeeshan cheythu. yuu. ezz. sainyathin victoria kotta sent fort upayogichu. catherine. yudhathinte avasaanathil kaanadayudeyum americayudeyum sainyam pinvalikkapettu.
adachu poottal.
1951-ll britiish sarkkar, yudhaananthara prathirodha vettikkuravukalude mattoru roundil, royal neval doock yard oru thaavalamaayi kurachu, avide adhishtithamaaya kappalukal attakuttappanikalko refittukalkko vidheyamaakunnathinu atlaantik kadannu porttsmouthilekku pokendathundu. athesamayam 1953ll bermuda gaarisaninte saadhaarana yoonittukalum dittaachmentukalum neekkam cheyyaan theerumaanichu, part time yoonittukalum american aikyanaadukalude sainyavum (yudhasamayathu britiish sarkkaaril ninnu bermuda 99 varshathe soujanya bays leasukal labhichathum vadakkupadinjaaran atlaantik mekhalayude niyanthranam vadakkan atlaantik udambadi samghadanaykku keezhil ealppichathum). ithinu munbu saadhaarana britiish armi unitukal kuravaayathinaal ellaavarum prospekt campilaayirunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbu booas, watford dveepukal naavikasenaykku thirike nalkukayum yudhathinushesham britiish sainyathinte part time praadeshika unitukale pirichuvidukayum cheythu. jorjinte kaaval seena erekkure ozhinjukidakkukayaayirunnu. 1953ll tuckers tounile midu-ooshyan clubble nadanna oru konfaransil american president isenhoverinum franch premiier lanielinum aathidheyathvam vahichathin sesham pradhaanamantri sarr vinsttan charchil bermuda gaarisan adachupoottaanulla theerumaanam vegathil maatti. ennirunnaalum, britiish sainyathinulla mattoru ghattam vettikkurav 1957ll heey gaarisan adachupoottunnathinum sarkkar bhavanathileyum part time yoonittukalileyum sthiramaaya jeevanakkaarudeyum ozhikeyulla ellah saadhaarana sainika udyogasthareyum pinvalikkunnathinum kaaranamaayi. athesamayam, bakkiyulla mikka admiralttikalum bakkiyulla ellah yuddha offeesukalum bermudayile bhoomi 750,000 poundinu pakaramaayi praadeshika sarkkaarin kaimari.
gaarsan adachathinushesham, praadeshika sarkkar puthiya baarakkukalude chila bhagangal police thaamasathinum thudarnnu sent. jorjinte secondary school muun sarjantinte mess ippol oru nazhsari skoolaanu. yadhaartha rajakeeya baarakkukal nilavililla, avayude sthaanathu puthiya bhawana unitukal nirmmichu. steshan ashupatri flaattukalkkaayi upayogichirunnuvenkilum ippol athu upekshikkappedukayaanu. ithinu vadakkulla sarjantinte kwartezhs neekkam cheyyukayum 1960kalil royal artilary associationte bermuda shaakhayulla kettidam upayogichu maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu. mattu kettidangalil bhooribhaagavum swakaarya bhavanangalayi avasheshikkunnu. bermuda police sarvees constablemaarkku thamasikkaan gaarisan palliyude ethirvashathu oru puthiya thaamasa block nirmmichu. kotta sent. 1960kall muthal catherines oru museum sthaapichittundu. taunn katt baattari oru sandarshaka saittayi punasthaapichu. alexandra baattari punasthaapikkappedukayanu. 1960kalil victoria kottaykkum albert kottaykkum idayil retreat hill enna sthalathu oru hotel nirmikkappettu, athil holiday inn, loves, club medu enniva thudarchayaayi undaayirunnu. irupathu varshatholam ozhinjukidakkukayum kooduthal kooduthal upekshikkappedukayum cheytha sesham 2008-ll ithu polichuneekki. orikkalum nirmmichittillaathu gaarsaninte pradeshangalum athupole thanne varshangalayi pravarthanarahithamaaya kudilukaludeyum vivaha kwaarttezhsinteyum muun sthalangalum ulkkollunna jorjinte goalf kozhs, sent. oru resort nirmmikkunnathinulla kaatharinte pooyint.

