umpire (baseball)

baseball, kalii aarambikkunnathum avasanippikkunnathum, kaliyudeyum groundinteyum niyamangal nadappilaakkunnathu, kalikalil vidhinirnayangal nadatthuka, achadakka nadapadikal kaikaaryam cheyyuka enniva ulppede kalii niyanthrikkunna vyakthiyaan umpire. eee padam palappozhum ampere enna samsara roopathilekku churukkiyirikkunnu. ambayarmaar dharikkunna unifominte pothuvaaya niram kaaranam avaye chilappol thaazhathe nilakalil neela ennum vilikkunnu. professional baseball, ambayarine peru paranju vilikkunna kalikkaaro maanejarmaaro "neela" enna padam apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkunnulloo. kaayikarangatthe roopeekarana varshangalil palappozhum oru eaka ambayaraanu geyimukal niyanthrikkaarundaayirum, irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkam muthal, umpiring samghathe roopappeduthunna niravadhi ambayarmaarkkidayil saadhaaranayaayi vibhajikkappettittund. mattu pala kaayika enangalilum referrick samanamaaya sthaanamaanithu.
chumathalakalum sthaanangalum.
rando athiladhikamo ambayarmaar chumathalappeduthunna oru geyimil, umpire inn cheef (saadhaaranayaayi hoome plate umpire) aanu muzhuvan kaliyudeyum chumatala vahikkunna umpire. eee umpire panthukalum strikkukalum vilikkukayum fair bolukal vilikkukayum phastt/therd bays kurravulla faul bolukal vilikkukayum battsmanekkuricho hoome plettinu sameepam bays rannarmaarekkuricho mikka kolukalum nadathukayum cheiyunnu. parikk ozhivakkaan, hoome plate umpire catcherinu samanamaaya upakaranangal dharikkunnu, athil mask, nench protector, legg gaardukal, laceukalkku mukalil adhika samrakshanam nalkunna shoos enniva ulppedunnu. faul groundiloo outfieldilo saadhyathayulla oru kalii cover cheyyaan mattoru umpire infield vidukayaanengil, plate ambayarkku randaamatheyo moonnaamatheyo bessinu sameepam saadhyathayulla oru kalii cover cheyyaan neengaam. (umpire-inn-cheefine kroo cheefumaayi thettidharikkaruthu, avar palappozhum vyathyastha ambayaraanu; chuvade kaanuka.) oru ambayarkku parikkelkkukayum moonnu perr maathram avasheshikkukayum cheythaal, randaamathe bays sthaanam saadhaaranayaayi ozhinjukidakkum.
mejarmar ulppede samghaditha baseballinte mikkavarum ellah thalangalilum, oru umpiring samgham karangunnu, angane kroovile oro umpire plate umpire ulppede oro sthaanathum thulya ennam geyimukal kalikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, baseballinte aadyakaalangalil, pala muthirnna ambayarmaarum ellaayppozhum plate pravarthichirunnu, haal oof faim umpire bill klemaanu avasana umpire. thante kariyarinte aadya 16 varshangalil klem angane cheythu. pradhana leag thalatthil, oru umpiring team saadhaaranayaayi oro kaliyilum gadikaaradishayil sthaanangal thirikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, oru kaliyile plate umpire adutha kaliyile moonnaam bays umpire cheyyum.
mattu ambayarmaare bays ambayarmaar ennu vilikkunnu, avar saadhaaranayaayi bessinu sameepam nilayurappikkunnu. (feeld umpire ennathu saadhaaranamallaatha oru padamaanu.) rund ambayarmaare upayogikkumbol, randaamathe umpire bays ambayaraanu. eee umpire bays, aduthulla kalikal, auttfeeldinte madhyathil ennivayile oottakkaarekkurichu kooduthal kolukal cheyyum. moonnu ambayarmaare upayogikkumbol, randaam ambayarine phastt bays umpire ennum moonnaam ambayare moonnaam bays umpire ennum vilikkunnu, ennirunnaalum avar kaliyude aavasyamanusarichu feeldil vyathyastha sthaanangalilekku neengiyekkaam. plate umpire chodichaal eee rund ambayarmaarum check cheytha swingukal vilikkunnu (palappozhum catchero defensive manejaro abhyarthikkunnu; ennirunnaalum, plate ambayarkku maathrame bays ambayarkku appeel nalkaan kazhiyoo): valamkaiyyan battsmaanmaarkkulla aadya bays umpire idathu kaiyyan battsmaanmaarkkulla moonnaamathe bays umpire; check cheytha swing soochippikkunnathinu, umpire thante kaikal upayogichu "surakshita" aamgyam kanikkum. oru poornnamaaya oonjaaline soochippikkaan, avan thante mushti muruke pidikkum.
naalu ambayarmaare upayogikkumbol (parikk kaaranam oraalkk pokendathillengil ellah saadhaarana season emm. ell. bii geyimukaludeyum kaaryam pole), oro ambayareyum addeham nilayurappichirikkunna aditharaykku namakaranam cheiyunnu. chilappol oru leag aarr ambayarmaare nalkum; adhikamaayi randupere outfield faul lainukalil nilayurappikkukayum avare lephtt feeld, raitt feeld ambayarmaar (allengil outfield ambayarmaar) ennu vilikkukayum cheiyunnu.
mejar leag baseball ool-staar geyim polulla pradhana evantukalilum leveline aashrayich, season sheshamulla play oofukalude bhagangalilum outfield ambayarmaare upayogikkunnu. mejar leag baseball, ellah playoff thalangalilum aarr ambayarmaare idathu feeld, valath feeld ambayarmaare cherkkunnu, athesamayam thaazhnna thalangalil, chaambyanshippu geyimukalil aarr ambayarmaare (enn. sii. eiii. eiii polullava) upayogikkunnu. baatt cheytha panthukalude kyaachukalekkurichulla theerumaanangal saadhaaranayaayi kaliyodu ettavum aduthulla ambayaraanu edukkunnathu.
kroo cheef.
umpire-inn-cheef" enna padam kroo cheefumaayi thettidharikkaruthu, avar saadhaaranayaayi oru crewill ettavum parichayasambannanaaya ambayaraanu. mejar-leag, hye minor-leag (klaas aaa, yea) thalangalil, kroo cheef leag offeesum crewe thammilulla oru bandhamaayi pravartthikkukayum krooyile mattu amgangalekkaal melnottamulla punk vahikkukayum cheiyunnu.
udaaharanathinu, pradhana leag thalatthil, "kroo cheef kammeeshanarude niyamangaludeyum nayangaludeyum offeesumaayi thante krooyude paalikkal ekopippikkukayum nayikkukayum cheyyum. mattu kroo cheef utharavaadithangalil iva ulppedunnu thante teamumaayulla saahacharyangal, kalikal, niyamangal ennivayekkurichulla aanukaalika charchakalum avalokanangalum nayikkuka; savisheshamaaya saahacharyangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil ekathaanathaykku prathyeka oonnal nalkikkond teamile mattu ambayarmaarude jolie saadhaaranayaayi nayikkuka; kalikkidayil samayaparidhi nilanirthunnathinulla utharavaadithangal nalkuka; puranthallal, kalahangal, prathishedha geyimukal thudangiya sambhavangalkk aavashyamaaya ellah kroo reportukalum samayabandhithamayi phayal cheiyunnathu urappaakkuka; eathenkilum bolpaarkkile feeld saahacharyangalile kramakkedukal kammeeshanarude offeesil report cheyyuka."athinaal, professional thalatthil, audyogika baseball niyamangalil umpire-inn-cheef (plate umpire) nuu nalkiyirikkunna chila chumathalakal oru prathyeka kaliyil kroo cheef umpire sthaanam pariganikkathe kroo cheefk veendum nalkiyittundu. udaaharanathinu, thalkshana replay avalokanangal kroo cheef mattoru umpire chernnu avalokanam cheyyum, kroo cheef phalangal prakhyapikkum. baaskattbolile (enba, faiba niyamangalil paraamarshichirikkunnathu) "kroo cheef" allengil american footballe "raphari" yumayi samaanamaayaan kroo cheef pravartthikkunnathu.
2022 season muthal, replay velluvilikalum aaa velluvilikalude phalangalum prakhyaapikkumbol umpire kroo medhaavikalkk wireless microphoneukal sajjikarikkum.
vidhi vilikkunnu.
umpire thante pankaaliyodu (kall) sahayam chodikkaan theerumaanikkukayum pinneedu charchaykku sesham athu maattaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythillengil ambayarude vidhi kooll anthimamaayirunnu. 2014 muthal, emm. ell. bii maanejarmaare kalikkidayil kalikale velluvilikkaan anuvadikkunnu. maanejar vijayakaramaayi oru kooll repire cheythaal, avarkk mattoru velluvili nalkum. oru umpire niyama vyaakhyaanathil thettu cheythathayi thonnunnuvenkil, chila leagukalil addehathinte vilii emm. ell. biyilennapole audyogikamaayi prathishedhikkaam. umpire thante vyaakhyaanathil urachunilkkukayaanenkil, pinneedu oru leag udyogasthan vishayam pariharikkum. 11 seasonukalilaayi (2008-2018) umpire pitch-kooll krithyathayekkurichulla oru swatantra patanam 2019 epril 8 nuu maarkk tii puratthirakki. chila pichukalil 20 sathamaanathiladhikam thettaaya reethiyil vilikkappettuvenn boosttan sarvakalaashaalayile vilyams nigamanam cheythu. 2018 seasonil hoome plate ambayarmaar ekadesham 34,000 thettaaya panthum strike kolukalum cheythu, athaayath oru kaliyil ekadesham 14 umm oru inningsil 1.6 umm.
professional baseballinte aadya varshangalil, ambayarmaare leagalla, marichu team captanmaar thammilulla karariloodeyaanu earppeduthiyirunnathu. ennirunnaalum, 1901-ll aadhunika yugathinte thudakkathode ithu oru leag utharavaadithamaayi maari. ippol oru unitory mejar leag umpiring rosttar undu, ennirunnaalum 1999 leeii thozhil tharkkam vare mejar leag ambayarmaarude associationte desertificationilekka nayichenkilum, prathyeka deseeya, american leag ambayarmaar undaayirunnu. 2000ll mejar leag baseball puthuthayi roopeekaricha loka ambayarmaarude association (ippol mejar leag baseball ambayarmaarude association ennariyappedunnu) thammilulla koottaaya vilapeshal karaarinte falamaayi ellah ambayarmaareyum oru pattikayil ulppeduthukayum rund leagukalilum kalikalil pravartthikkukayum cheythu.
amachwar umpiring.
oru amachwar umpire professional allathatho ardha professional baseball aanu nadathunnathu. pala amachwar ambayarmaarkkum shambalam labhikkunnu (saadhaaranayaayi oro kaliyilum) athinaal professionalukalaayi kanakkakkaam, athesamayam chila amachwar ambayarmaarkku shambalam labhikkunnilla. littil leag baseball audyogika websait anusarichu, ambayarmaar sannadhapravarthakaraayir.
praadeshika leagukalil ambayarmaaraakaan thaalpparyamulla aareyum parishodhikkukayo parisheelippikkukayo cheiyunna niravadhi samghadanakalundu, koodaathe pradeshathe leegukalumaayi bandhappedaan sahayikkukayum cheyyum. yoothu baseballinte kaaryatthil ettavum janapriyamaaya rund samghadanakalaanu littil leag baseball babe rooth leagum, oronninum ambayaraakunnathinu avarudethaaya prayogam, testt, pariseelana prakriya ennivayundu. kaanadayil, mikka ambayarmaarum oru pravishya samghadanayiloode saakshyappeduthukayum thudarnnu praadeshika munisippal associationukal oru umpire inn cheef vazhi niyamikkukayum cheiyunnu.
littil leag waled seereesinaayi lokamembaadumulla amachwar ambayarmaar sannadhapravarthanathil pankedukkunnu. varaanirikkunna littil leag waled seerees ambayarmaar loka seerees toornamentil pankedukkunnathinu munbu jilla muthal samsthaanam vare praadeshika toornamentukal vareyulla littil leag ool-staar toornamentukalude vividha thalangalil pankedukkanam.
haiskool umpiring.
amerikkayil, pala haiskoolukalum (mikathum allengilum) oru baseball teamine sponsor cheiyunnu. pala haiskoolukalum onniladhikam baseball teamukale sponsor cheiyunnu; udaaharanathinu, "varsidee", "juuniyar varsidee" teamukal. <aii. dii. 1> adhyayana varshathil kuranjathu oru baseball teaminengilum sponsor cheiyunna 16,513 haiskoolukalum oru haiskool baseball teamil 488,859 vidyaarthikalum pankedutthu. athinaal, haiskool baseball american aikyanaadukalile baseballinte ettavum janapriya thalangalilonnaanu. koleju athlattiksil ninnu vyathyasthamayi haiskool thalatthil malsaraathmaka deseeya chaambyanshippu illa. koodaathe, koleju athlattiksil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, haiskool thalatthilulla ambayarmaare niyanthrikkunnath oru deseeya samghadanayalla (enn. sii. eiii. eiii polullava). pakaram, haiskool baseball samsthaana thalatthil (saadhaaranayaayi oru samsthaanathala haiskool athlattik association) niyanthrikkunnu, koodaathe oru haiskool ambayaraakunnathinum thudarunnathinum ulla yogyathakal saadhaaranayaayi oro samsthaanathum haiskool baseballinu melnottam vahikkunna sthaapanamaanu nischayikkunnathu. udaaharanathinu, florida haiskool athlattik association floridayil oru haiskool ambayaraakunnathinulla ettavum kuranja aavasyakathakal nischayikkunnu. samsthaanathudaneelamulla niravadhi haiskool athlattik associationukal avarude samsthaanathudaneelamulla onniladhikam praadeshika umpire asosiyeshanukalumaayi karar undaakkunnu, athil samsthaanathinte oro associationteyum bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradeshathu haiskool geyimukalkkaayi ambayarmaare parisheelippikkaanum nalkaanum praadeshika associationukal sammathikkunnu, pakaram praadeshika asosiyeshanukalkku samsthaanavyaapaka haiskool associationo vyakthigatha haiskoolukalo nalkunna "booking phees". samsthaana haiskool associationte ambayarmaarude minimum aavasyakathakal niravettunnathinaayi thangalude ambayarmaare parisheelippikkumennum praadeshika associationukal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. udaaharanathinu, floridayil jaaksanville ambayarmaarude association jaaksanville pradeshathu haiskool geyimukalkkaayi ambayarmaare pariseelippikkukayum nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
haiskool ambayaraakunnathinulla prathyeka aavasyakathakal oro samsthaanathinum vyathyasthamayirikkum. ennirunnaalum, saadhaaranayaayi ellah samsthaanangalum ore adisthaana minimum aavasyakathakal pankidunnu. aadyam, ambayaraakaan sramikkunna oraal saadhaaranayaayi stettu haiskool athlattik association, avarude praadeshika umpire association ennivayil rajisttar cheyyanam. rajisttar cheyyumbol, mikka samsthaanangalum avarude ambayarmaarkku oru haiskool roolbook, casebook, ambayarmaarude maanuval enniva nalkunnu. randaamathaayi, mikka samsthaanangalum ellah ambayarmaarum klinikkukalilum metingukalilum pankedukkanamennu aavashyappedunnu. eee klinikkukal niyamangal, umpire mechanics allengil randinteyum samyojanathil shradha kendreekarikkaam. moonnaamathaayi, mikka samsthaanangalum oru niyamapareekshayil vijayikkaan oru umpire aavashyappedunnu. avasaanamaayi, mikka samsthaanangalum pathivayi season kalikal kalikkunnathinu munbu ambayarmaar oru nischitha ennam pree-season scrimmageukal nadathanamennum aavashyappedunnu. eee aavashyakathakalude udaaharanamaayi, jorjiaykku oru "audyogika utharavaaditha paripadi" undu, athu athinte interscolastic udyogastharkkulla prathyeka aavasyakathakal (klinikkukalilum kyaambukalilum hajarakunnathum oru pareekshayil vijayikkunathum ulppede) ivide avalokanam cheyyaan kazhiyum.
haiskool baseball samsthaana thalathilaanu niyanthrikkappedunnathum vividha samsthaana haiskool athlattik associationukal swamedhayaa deseeya federation oof stettu haiskool associationukal roopeekarichu. federationiloode, mikka samsthaana athlattik associationukalum athinte roolbook upayogikkaan sammathichittund. athinaal, haiskool baseball samsthaana thalatthil niyanthrikkappedumbol, mikkavarum ellah samsthaana associationukalum haiskool thalathinaayi prathyekamaayi ezhuthiya athe savisheshamaaya baseball roolbook (anubandha casebook, umpire maanuval) upayogikkunnu. thalphalamaayi, oru vyakthigatha umpire oru samsthaanathu ninnu mattoru samsthaanathekku (kalilekku) maarukayaanengil, avan/aval avarude muun samsthaanathu upayogichirunna athe niyamam avan/aval avarude puthiya samsthaanathu upayogichirikkaam. ennirunnaalum, mejar leag baseball (emm. ell. bii), enn. sii. eiii. eiii niyamangal ennivayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol federationte roolbook thammil kaaryamaaya niyama vyathyaasangalund. athinaal, haiskool thalatthil umpire cheyyaan aagrahikkunna vyakthikal munbu emm. ell. bii allengil enn. sii. eiii. eiii roolbukkukal upayogichu oru yoothu leagil umpire cheythittundenkil avarkk parichithamaayathinekkaal vyathyasthamaaya niyamangal padikkendathundu.
mikkavarum prathyekamaayi, haiskool ambayarmaarkku oro kaliyudeyum adisthaanathil shambalam nalkunnu. avar shambalamillaathathinaal, avar yadhaarthathil oru geyim umpire cheiyunnillenkil avarkk shambalam labhikkunnilla, ennirunnaalum chila samsthaanangal geyim saittil athukayum geyim vilikkukayum cheythaal, athu aarambhikkunnundo illayo ennathu pariganikkathe thanne hoome school ambayarmaarude yatra chelavukal nalkanamennu aavashyappedunnu. nalkunna thuka palappozhum oro samsthaanathinum ganyamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu. mikka haiskool geyimukalum rund-umpire samghamaanu niyanthrikkunnath. ennirunnaalum, pala samsthaanangalum playoff geyimukal audyogikamaakkaan three-umpire, phoor-umpire teamukale upayogikkunnu.
professional umpire pariseelanavum currier vikasanavum.
oru pradhana leag baseball ambayaraakunnathinu karsanamaaya pariseelanam aavasyamaanu, valare kurachu perr maathrame vijayikkunnulloo. vyakthi udaneelam thripthikaramaaya purogathi kaivarikkukayaanenkil, emm. ell. bii padavi nedaan saadhaaranayaayi <aii. dii. 1> varshangal edukkum. aadyam, oru professional ambayaraakaan aagrahikkunna oraal mejar leag baseball amgeekaricha rund umpiring skoolukalil onnil pankedukkanam minor leag baseball umpire pariseelana akkadami allengil haari vendelsted umpire school. aadyathethu minor leag baseballinte udamasthathayilullathum pravarthippikkunnathum randaamathethu muun, nilavilulla mejar leag, minor leag ambayarmaaraanu nadathunnathu. randum floridayilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. eee skoolukalil cherunnathinu munvyavasthakalonnumilla; ennirunnaalum, mejar leag baseball nadathunna oru umpire camp undu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi eee skoolukalilonnum "vijayathinulla upakaranamaayi" kanakkaakkappedunnu. randaazhchathe rund vyathyastha seshanukalaayi vaagdaanam cheiyunna eee kyaambukal novemberil thekkan kaaliforniyayil nadakkunnu. eee kyaambukalile mikacha vidyaarthikalkku floridayile professional umpire skoolukalil eathenkilum onnil scholarship nedaan arhathayund.
anchu aazhchathe parisheelanathinu sesham, oro school avarude mikacha vidyaarthikale floridayil nadakkunna minor leag baseball umpire development (milbood) moolyanirnnaya kozhsilekku ayaykkunnu. minor leag baseball samvidaanathile ellah ambayarmaarudeyum pariseelanam, vilayiruthal, shupaarsha, nilanirtthal, mochanam ennivaykku utharavaadiyaaya sthaapanamaanu minor leag baseball umpire development, yunaittad stetsilum canadayilum udaneelam."moolyanirnnaya kozhsilekku ayaykkunna vidyaarthikalude yadhaartha ennam umpire skoolukalil ninnulla inputt upayogichu milbed nirnnayikkunnu. saadhaaranayaayi, oro schoolileyum biruda classile mikacha 10 muthal 20 sathamaanam vare moolyanirnnaya kozhsilekku munnerum. minor leag baseball umpire pariseelana academyile parisheelakarumaaya milbood staafaanu moolyanirnnaya kozhs nadathunnathu. moolyanirnnaya kozhs saadhaaranayaayi ekadesham 10 divasam neendunilkkum. vividha minor leagukalil labhyamaya thasthikakalude ennathe aashrayich, moolyanirnnaya kozhsil pankedukkunnavaril chilare (ennaal ellaavareyum allah) oru thaazhnna thalatthilulla minor leagylake niyamikkum. ekadesham 300 yadhaartha umpire school vidyaarthikalil, ekadesham aii. dii. 1> moolyanirnnaya kozhsinushesham minor leag baseball jolie vaagdaanam cheyyum.
professional ambayarmaar avarude currier aarambhikkunnath oru rookie allengil klaas "eiii" short season leegukalilaanu, klaas-eye moonnu thalangalayi (short season, long season, advanced "eiii") thirichirikkunnu. mikacha ambayarmaarkku avarude currier aarambhikkunnath palappozhum oru hraswa season "eiii" leegilaanu (udaaharanathinu, newyork-penn leag), ennaal mikkavarum oru rookie leegilaanu (udaaharanathinu, gulf koost leag) aarambhikkunnath. 2008 muthal, moolyanirnnaya kozhsil pankedukkunna, ennaal professional baseball jolie vaagdaanam cheyyaatha chila ambayarmaarkku koosttal playin leagil (collegiat kalikkarkkulla oru summer wood baatt leag) jolie vaagdaanam cheythekkaam. seasonil, koosttal playin leagile ambayarmaare milbed vilayiruthukayum uyarnna thalangalile ambayarmaarude parikkukaludeyo rajinteyo falamaayi avarkk oru rookie professional leagylake sthaanakkayattam nedukayum cheyyaam.
seasoniludaneelam, rookie leagukalileyum klaas-eiii, klaas-eiii ennivayileyum ellah minor leag ambayarmaareyum milbed staaf amgangal vilayiruthunnu. ellah ambayarmaarkkum oro season sesham avarude prakadanatthinte vishadamaaya rekhaamoolamulla vilayiruthal labikkum. koodaathe, ellah ambayarmaarkkum (rookie allengil short season klaas-eiii leegukalilozhike) ezhuthappetta midu season moolyanirnayangal labikkum.
saadhaaranayaayi, oro varshavum oru klaas eiii booal (angane moonnu muthal naalu varshathinu sesham klaas eiii ayilekku sthaanakkayattam nedunnu) uyarthukayum klaas eiii eiii thalatthil rund muthal moonnu varshathinu sesham klaas eiii eiii ayilekku sthaanakkayattam nedukayum cheythaal oru umpire "raankukalkku mukalilekku" mathiyaya purogathi kaivarikkunnathayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithu valare parukkan kanakkanu, charcha cheyyaatha mattu gadakangal (uyarnna thalangalile viramikkalukalude ennam polullava) eee kanakkukale naadakeeyamaayi baadhichekkaam. udaaharanathinu, 1999ll pala pradhana leag ambayarmaarum koottaaya vilapeshal thanthramaayi vanthothil raajivachathinethudarnnu pala ambayarmaarum athivegam purogathi kandu.
klaas aaa thalatthilekku sthaanakkayattam labhikkumbol, mejar leag baseballe umpiring supervisory staafum ambayarude vilayiruthal nadatthum. sameepa varshangalil, mikacha aaa saadhyathakal, umpiringinum pathiv seasonil (anthaaraashtra allengil pasaphik koost leagil) vilayiruthappedunnathin purame, arizona phaal leagil umpire cheyyendathundu, avide avarkk vipulamaaya pariseelanavum moolyanirnnayavum labhikkunnu. koodaathe, saadhaaranayaayi caribean, central america allengil thekke america ennividangalil sthithicheyyunna vintar leegukalile (mejar leag, minor leag baseball oof season samayat) ambayarilekkum mikacha minor leag saadhyathakale ayaykkum.
koodaathe, mikacha AAA saadhyathakalkk vasanthakala pariseelana samayat (klaas AAA geyimukalkku pakaram) pradhana leag pree season geyimukal maathram umpire cheiyunnathil ninnu prathiphalam labikkum. koodaathe, ettavum mikacha pratheekshakalkk mejar leag pathiv season geyimukal "phil-inn" ambayarmaaraayi parimithamaaya adisthaanathil umpire cheyyaam (avide klaas aaa umpire rogiyaaya, parikketta allengil avadhikkala mejar leag ambayarkku pakaram vaykkunnu).
oduvil, oru mejar leag umpire viramikkumbol (allengil pirichuvidumbol), oru topp klaas aaa umpire mejar leag baseballinte sthiram umpire staafaayi sthaanakkayattam nedum. eee muzhuvan prakriyayilum, oru umpire inii oru pradhana leag pratheekshayallenn vilayiruthappettal, addehathe mochippikkukayum addehathinte professional currier avasanippikkukayum cheyyum. mothatthil, oru pradhana leag sthaanathekku pariganikkunnathin munbu oru ambayarkku ezhu muthal ettu varsham vare professional umpiring vendivarumennu milbood kanakkakkunnu.
mejar leag ambayarmaar avarude anubhavathe aashrayich prathivarsham 150,000 muthal 450,000 dollar vare sambaadikkunnu, hotel, bhakshanam ennivaykku prathidinam 340 dollar phastt klaas vaanijya vimana tikkattukalum. eee seasonil prathimasam 2,000 dollar muthal 3,900 dollar vare varumanam labhikkunnavaraan minor leag ambayarmaar. ambayarude vargeekaranatheyum anubhavaparichayatheyum adisthaanamaakki thuka vyathyaasappedunnu.
motham 76 fultime ambayarmaarkkaayi emm. ell. biyile 19 naalu anga samghamundu; saadhaarana season geyimukal umpire cheyyaan yogyaraaya 16 klaas aaa ambayarmaar avare vardhippikkukayum motham 92 emm. ell. bii ambayarmaarude pattika nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
unifom.
avarude unifominte parambaraagatha niram kaaranam ambayarmaare palappozhum "neela" ennu vilikkunnu. vella shorts nevi ties dharicha staanderd nevi blue syoottukal umpire unifomukalaayi american association sweekarichu, kalikkaar dharikkunna vasthrangalkk mukalil ardha aupachaarikavum bisinesses polullathumaaya vasthram uyarthi. 1901ll oru pradhana leegaayitheernnappol american leag cheythathupole adutha varshavum deseeya leag athe unifom sweekarichu. cheria leagukalum athupole pinthudarnnu. niravadhi pathittaandukalaayi rund pradhana leagukaludeyum umpire unifomukal thammil vyathyasamonnumillaayir, deseeya leag ambayarmaar avarude suitukalkku keezhil dharikkunna oru inside chestt protector sweekarichu, athesamayam american leag ambayarmaar avarude suitukalkku mukalil oru outtdoor (allengil "baloon") protector dharichirunnu.
1968ll american leag ambayarmaar avarude neela kottukalkoppam chaaraniratthilulla trouserukal dharikkan thudangi, athesamayam deseeya leag ambayarmaar soolid blue syoottukal nilanirtthi. 1970ll deseeya leag nench pokkattil oru leag logo paachum kottinte valath sleevil ambayarude number chertthu. athe varsham thanne, choodulla venalkkaala geyimukalkkaayi cotto tyo illaathe dharikkunna short sleeve ilam neela shirt enl avatharippichu; 1972 ll american leagum short sleeve veriyant sweekarichu. 1973 ll aal neela paantsinoppam dharikkunna meroon blazerilekku maari, athu 1979 vare upayogichirunnu. 1975 ll american leag umpire thoppikal "alle" enna churukkezhuthu chertthu. 1976 leeii loka parambarayil ninnu aarambhich, thanutha kaalaavasthayil ambayarmaarkku shirt maattisthaapikkaanum turtlenech svettar (yadhaarthathil enlinu ilam neelayum aalkk beej niravum) upayogichu tye cheyyaanum kazhiyum. 1977-ll, puthiya ambayarmaarkku outtdoor (baloon) protector upayogikkunnathu niyamavirudhamaayirunnu, ennaal nilavilulla ambayarmaarkku grandfare cheythu (avasana umpire jerry newdecker 1985-ll viramichu). viramichu) ool-staar geyim avasaanamaayi dharicha tye dharicha reethi ghattam ghattamayi nirthalaakki.
1980-ll, mejar leag baseball rund leegukalkkumulla umpire unifomukal staanderd cheythu, neela blazer, chaaraniratthilulla trouserukal, short sleeve ilam neela shirt ennivayude unifom sweekarichu, shirtle kottilum logo paachu maathram, "alle" allengil "enl" monogream cheytha thoppikal avaye verthirikkunnu; enl polulla umpire unifomukalil akkangalum koottichertthu. 1980 kalude thudakkathil iru leagukalum vii-neck svettarukal bays dharikkan avatharippichu, aaa ambayarmaar ippozhum purathulla nench protector upayogikkunnu, avaa idaykkide plettinu pinnilum dharikkunnu. dashaabdathinte avasaanathil, kaalavastha anuyojyamaakumbol kalikkaar daugtukalil dharikkunnathin samanamaaya wind breaker shailiyilulla jaakkattukalum bharameriya kottukalum blazerinu badalaayi sweekarichu.
1996ll button-daun ilam neela shirtinu pakaram nevi blue pooloo shirt upayogichu, collarilum sleeve kafukalilum chuvappum vella niratthilulla trim, sleevil chuvanna nambarukal enniva upayogichu. thoppiyile lalithamaaya monograamukalkk pakaram yathaakramam enl logoyulla oru valia chuvanna "enn" umm aall logoyulla "eiii" umm sthaapichu. vyaapakamaayi upayogikkappedaatha oru aichhika chuvanna pooloo shirt (aii. dii. 1> chuvanna blazerukalkkulla adaranjali) aal anuvadichu; sradheyamaaya apavaadangal deryl cussins dayle scott aayirunnu, avar jolie cheyyumbol palappozhum chuvanna sharttukal dharichirunnu, basesil avarude sahapravarthakar nevi neela sharttukal dharichirunnu. 1997ll enl choodulla kaalaavasthaykkaayi ilam neela niratthilulla pooloo shirt chertthu. 2000 muthal, vyakthigatha leegukalude ambayarmaare orotta staafaayi ekeekarichathinushesham, 1996-99 unifom shailikal leag padavikalkku pakaram thoppikalil "mlb" upayogichu vahichu.
2001-ll unifomukal chaaraniratthilulla slaakkukalulla karutha pooloo sharttukalilekku maari, thoppikalum nench paachukalum ippol emm. ell. bii logo vahikkunnu. ilam neela shirtinu pakaram chaaraniratthilulla shirt dharichenkilum oru varshathinu sesham neela niratthilulla shirt thirichetthi. karupp, ilam neela pooloo sharttukalude neelamulla sleeve pathipum thanutha kaalaavasthayil labhyamaan, athupole thanne oru undershirtaayi upayogikkunnathinu short sleeve turtlenech labhyamaan. neekkam cheyyaavunna lover sleevukalulla karutha pulovar wind breaker bharameriya karutha dougt kottum outerware oopshanukalil ulppedunnu. saadhaaranayaayi kaanappedunnillenkilum, parambaraagatha blazerinte aadhunika pathippaya "plate kottu" ippozhum labhyamaan, ithu karuppilum undu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi hoome plate ambayaraayi pravartthikkumbol maathrame dharikkunnulloo, avide valia lover pokkattukal adhika baseballukal sambharikkunnathin upayogikkunnu.
prashastha ambayarmaar.
prashasthiyude haal.
thaazhepparayunna patthu ambayarmaare deseeya baseball haal oof faimil ulppeduthiyittundu
professional ambayarmaaraakunnathinu munbu konlaanum ooo 'daye yathaakramam 128,232 pradhana leag geyimukal kalichu.
haal oof faimilake niravadhi "kalikkaar" ulppeduthiyavar baseballinte aadya varshangalil kurachu geyimukalkku pakara ambayarmaaraayi sevanamanushtichu; ithil hyugi jennings, villi keeler, king kellie, chuck clain enniva ulppedunnu. koodaathe, haal oof faim kalikkaranaaya timm keefiyum eddu walsh avarude kalikkaaryam avasaanichathinu sesham pradhana leagukalil professionalaayi umpire cheythu.
deseeya, american leagukal viramicha nambarukal.
kalikkaareppole ambayarmaareyum avarude unifomile nambarukal kondu thirichariyunnu. 1970ll deseeya leag ambayarmaar nambarukal dharikkan thudangi thudangi avarkk nambarukal nalkiyengilum) american leag ambayarmaare niyamikkukayum 1980ll unifom nambarukal dharikkan thudangukayum cheythu. deseeya leag ambayarmaarude nambarukal thudakkathil aksharakramathilaanu nalkiyirunnathu (nambar 1, kenn barkhaartt nambar 2, muthalaayava dharicha alle barlick.) 1970 muthal 1978 vare, athaayath viramikkalukalum mattu staaf maattangalum anusarichu oro varshavum oru ambayarude ennam mariyekkaam. 1979ll deseeya leag numpering sanbradaayathil maattam varuthi, athinusesham ambayarude nambar varsham thorum mariyittilla. thudakkathil, puthiya ambayarmaar enna nilayil, avarkk uyarnna nambarukal nalkum (udaaharanathinu, 1979-ll, dave palloon, steevu feeldukal, fred brocklander, laani harris ennivaykku 1 num 25 num idayil labhyamaya nambarukalkku pakaram 26 muthal 29 vare nambarukal nalki). 1980 kalude madhyathil puthiya ambayarmaarkku munbu upayogicha nambarukal nalkiyappol deseeya leag numpering practies veendum maari (udaaharanathinu, 1982 ll jerry davisine 12-aamm nambar nalki, munbu andy oolsan dharichirunnu, 1985 ll toom hallion 20-aamm nambar nalki, munbu eddu wargo dharichirunnu.)
american leaginte nambar assainmentukal pradhaanamaayum kramarahithamaayirunnu. 1980-ll seeniyar american leag ambayaraayirunna bill haller 1982-leeii loka parambaraykku sesham viramikkunnathuvare onnaam nambar dharichirunnuvenkilum aaa nambar orikkalum punarniyamichilla.
2000-ll, american leagum naashanal leag umpiring staafukalum mejar leag baseballinte aabhimukhyathil oru ekeekritha staafaayi layippikkukayum leegukalilonnu viramicha nambarukal ulppede ellah nambarukalum labhyamakkukayum cheythu. (udaaharanathinu, american leag luu demuroyude maranashesham 16-aamm nambaril ninnu viramichuvenkilum staaf ekeekrithamaayathinu sesham athu addehathinte makan maikkin labhyamakki.) erattathaappukal undaayal, kooduthal seeniyar ambayarkku aadya choys nalki. (udaaharanathinu, alle clarkilum enlile jerry leynilum 24 enna nambar dharichirunnu, ennaal clarkinu kooduthal seeniority undayirunnathinaal 24 umm leyne nambar 26 umm nalki. 2001 ll clarkine chumatala ninnu mochippichappol, leyninu 24 enna nambar nedaan kazhinju. thaarathamyappeduthumbol, umpiring staafukalude ekeekaranathinu bruses fromming nalki, kaaranam jiim joys ellil dharichathinekkaal kooduthal samayam enl dharichirunnu; pinneedu joys #66 thiranjedutthu, muun ambayarmaar upayogichirunnilla. 2007 seasoninu sesham fromming viramichappol, joys #66 sookshikkaan theerumaanichu, #6 ippol maarkk kaalsan dharikkunnu.2020 season muthal ambayarmaarkku (pradhaanamaayum saadhaarana staaf avadhikkaalathu upayogikkunna kooll-upp/reserve ambayarmaar) triple akka nambarukal (100 +) nalki.
kaalaakaalangalil, kaliykku mikacha sevanam nalkia ambayarmaarkko maricha ambayarmaarude bahumaanaarthamo mejar leag baseball aaa nambarukal viramikkunnu.
2000-ll ekeekritha umpiring samghangal sthaapithamaayathumuthal, oro viramicha number oro leaginum reserve cheythirunnathinaal ellah nambarukalum pradhana leag baseball ambayarmaarkku labhyamaan. 1997ll sthaapithamaaya mejar leag baseball nayam kaaranam nilavile formet 42 sthaapithamaayathinushesham oru umpire nambar maathramaan viramichathu.
ettavum dairkhyameriya pradhana leag currier.
mikka kalikalum.
"saadhaarana season mejar leag geyimukal umpire cheythu"
mikka seasonukalum.
seasonukalum munbu aarambhicha currier
1920 muthal 1960 vareyulla kariyarukal
1960 muthal aarambhicha currier
mattullavar.
mattu sradheyamaaya ambayarmaaril iva ulppedunnu
nilavile emm. ell. bii umpiring samghangal.
2023 emm. ell. bii seasonile umpire samghangal chuvade. ambayarmaarkku parikkelkkukayo avadhikkaalathu pogukayo cheiyunnathinaal varshathil teamukal idaykkide maarikkondirikkum.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
nompeyarinte madhya engleesh nighanduvil nalkiyirikkunna prakaram, ambayarinte mungaamikal pazhaya franch nonperil ninnaan (noonn, nottu, perr, ekwal) vannath, athaayath "rund aalukal thammilulla tharkkatthinte madhyasthanaayi pravartthikkaan abhyarthikkappedunna oraal", allengil tharkkathil madhyasthan aarumayum jodiyakkappedunnilla.
madhya engleeshil, ithinte aadyakaala roopam 1350 oode naumbaraayi kaanikkunnu, koodaathe enn illaatha aadyakaala pathipp ekadesham 1440 ll madhya engleeshile oru veriyant spellingaaya ompiyaraayi kaanikkunnu.
a ennathu anischithakaala lekhanamaaya oru nonpiyaraayi (1426-1427 ll) ezhuthiyathinu sesham n nashtappettu. 1475 oode oru oombaraayi maattikkond, eee lekhanathil munnirayilulla n gadippikkappettu; itharathilulla bhashaaparamaaya maattathe thettaaya vibhajanam ennu vilikkunnu. athinaal innu oraal "oru nambar" ennathinu pakaram "oru umpire" ennu parayunnu.
association football (raphari athine marikadannu), krikkatt (ippozhum athu upayogikkunna) ennivayulppede baseballinu munbu niravadhi kaayika udyogastharkku eee vaakk baadhakamaayirunnu.

