
maafiyakkaar

vadakkan nigeriayile vadakkan cameroonil sthithicheyyunna oru vamseeya vibhagamaanu mafah ennum ariyappedunna maapha, maalii, chaad, sudan, burkina faso, siyara liyon thudangiya raajyangalilum chitharikkidakkunnu. 
charithram.
mafah gothramaaya mafah, vadakkupadinjaaran dishayilekku ruwa, sulede (duram (mofu valath) padinjaaru) ennividangalil ninnu kudiyeri. athesamayam, bulahe gothram innathe maapha pradeshatthinte thekkan athirthikalkkarikiloode padinjarottu kudiyeri. oduvil avar vadakkott kudiyeri, avide avar maafahaayumaayi koodichernnu ippozhathe maafayaayi maari.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
motham janasamkhya 82,100 muthal 150,000 vare vyathyaasappedunnu. 2010 leeii oru srothass maafayude motham janasamkhya ekadesham 300,000 aanennu paranju. eee pradeshathe janasandrata chathurashra kilometeril 99 muthal 140 vare nivaasikalkkidayilaanenna hallayer soochippikkunnu. 
lavergne parayunnathanusarichu, maafaye 'maapha proper' (maph-maapha allengil 'maafaahaay' ennu vilikkunnu), 'bulahay' enningane rund gotra vibhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. mokkolo peedabhoomiyude vadakku bhaagavum vadakkan mokkolo parvathanirakalum chernnu roopeekaricha vadakkan mandrakalude madhyabhaagathaanu maafakal vasikkunnath. maapha sosaitiye niravadhi kantonukalaayi thirichirikkunnu moscota; kosa; gabowa (kosa jilla); (mokkolo arrontisment). kughamil (vadakku, naijeeriya) ekadesham 1 meter maafayum undu. 
maafakal chadic bhasha groupingil pedunnu. avar maapha bhasha samsaarikkunnu,
moonnu vyathyastha bhaashaabhedangalundu maapha-vestt, maapha-sentar, maapha-eest. mattu aafrikkan janathayude mattu niravadhi bhashakalaaya wuslam (uldeme), muyang, tugwor (dugur) ennivaykkoppam avaa maapha-southu upagrooppinte bhagamaanu.
janasamkhyayude 68 sathamaanavum musleengalum 27 sathamaanavum kristhyaanikalum 15 sathamaanavum aafrikkan parambaraagatha mathavishwaasikalaanu. catholicar (60 sathamaanam) protestantumaarum (30 sathamaanam), mattu kristhyaanikalum (7 sathamaanam), swatantra kristhyaanikalum (3 sathamaanam) ulppedunnathaanu kristhyan janasamkhya.
krishi.
parambaraagatha maapha krishi vaividhyamaarnna mannu maanejment saankethikavidyakale aasrayichirikkunnu. oru ezhuthukaarante abhipraayathil, "asaadhaaranamaaya poornathayude avasthayilethiya" nirmmitha terresukal kondu kunnukal surakshithamaan. mattu vamseeya enchiniyaring nadapadikramangalil iva ulppedunnu
athupole, parvathangalile karshakar thaazhepparayunnavayulppede vaividhyamaarnna manninte phalabhooyishtatha kaikaaryam cheiyunna nadapadikramangal pariseelikkunnu
avar avarude manninte phalabhooyishtatha kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil theevramaaya kannukaali valarthal samvidaanavum upayogikkunnu. kannukaalikalil cheria kannukaalikalum parimithamaaya alavil kannukaalikalum ulppedunnu. desemberinum meyy maasathinum edayilulla varanda seasonil, kannukaalikale swathanthramaayi karangaan anuvadikkunnu, athinaal avarkk vila avashishtangalum kaattupookkalude elakalum kazhikkaan kazhiyum.
kaarshika seasonil kannukaalikale penayil vaykkukayum bhakshanam nalkukayum cheiyunnu. charadukalil shekharikkunna valam shekharikkukayum samrakshikkukayum oduvil varanda kaalaavasthayude avasaanathil vayalukalil vyaapippikkukayum cheiyunnu. vilaveduppinte avashishtangal dahippikkaan chithalukal upayogikkukayum thudarnnu kozhikalkku bhakshanam nalkukayum cheiyunnathaanu mapha poshaka maanejmentinte theevrathayum chaathuryavum vyakthamaakkunnath.
khananam.
irumbu manal thirayunnathinum cameroonil magnettaitt ayiru upayogikkunnathinum maapha janangal khananathinte melinja reethikal upayogichirunnu.
yeshu maapha.
1970kalil franch catholica purohithanaaya francois vidil maapha samoohavumaayi sahakarichu "vee dii jeesas maapha" (yeshuvinte maafayude jeevitam, allengil yeshuvinte maapha) ennariyappedunna kalaasrishtikalude oru parambara srishtichu, ithu yeshuvinte jeevithathile vividha sambhavangal vellaykku pakaram karutha chithreekaranangal upayogichu chithreekarikkunnu. eee chithrangal yadhaarthathil mapha janathayude baibil ramgangalude yadhaartha loka vinodangalude chithreekaranangalaayirunnu, athinusesham lokamembaadum, prathyekichu aafrikkan amerikkakkaarkkidayil, catholica iconography oru saamskaarika roopamaayi janapriyamaayi. 
taamasiyaathe aafrikkan-amerikkakkaare sevikkunna purohithanmaarude mathasamoohamaaya josephiteukal eee srishtikal swanthamaakki. avarude idaya kendram printukal vilkkunnath thudarunna washington dii. siyile avarude seminariyil oru shekharam avasheshikkunnu.
yeshuvinte maapha shekharavum yuu. ezz. library oof kongrasil chertthittundu.

