saamuval hill (zee kyapttan)

oru american vyapara kadal captanum saahasikanumaayirunnu saamuval hill (20 februvari 1777-1 septambar 1825). lokathinte vidoora bhaagangalilekkulla niravadhi neenda yaathrakalil addeham vividha kappalukalkk neethrthwam nalki.
aadyakaala samudra romakkachavadakkaaril oralaayi addeham joonn aarr. yeei rakshichu. nyoo-chaa-nalthu thalavan makwina adimayaaya juyitt. jappanil thaamasicha aadyathe amerikkakkaranaaya hill, fort clatsopinu sameepam louisukaleyum clarkineyum kandumuttukayum avaril ninnu oru kathu sweekarikkukayum havaian raajyathile rajaavaaya kamehameha kappalil rasippikkukayum chilian swaathanthryasamarathil earppedukayum 1812 leeii yudhathil britishukaar thadavilaakkukayum malayan kadalkkollakkaarude irakale rakshikkukayum cheythu. ayaal oru balalsanghiyum kolayaliyum koodiyaayirunnu. addehathinte keezhil sevanamanushtikkunna udyogastharum mattu captanmaarum addehathe oru dushtan asthiranumaaya svechaadhipathiyaayi nirantharam visheshippikkunnu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum currier.
american viplava yudhasamayathu 1777 februvari 20 nuu maineyile cheria thuramukha pattanamaya maachiyaasil saamuval hill janichu. janichu machias yudhathinu marupadiyaayi, machias janatha rajakeeya naavikasenaykkethire vijayam nediyappol, aaa samayat machias rajakeeya naavikasenayude lakshyamayirunnu, aavarthichu kadannukayattathinu vidheyamaayirunnu. hill janichathinu thottupinnaale britishukaar veendum maachiyakale aakramichuvenkilum 1777 leeii machias yudhathil veendum purathaakkappettu.
addeham nayicha kappalukalilum yaathrakalilum "lydia" (1804-1807), pasaphik vadakkupadinjaaran, chaina ennividangalilekkum "oottar" (1809-1812), havaay, pasaphik vadakkupadinjaaran, alasca, chaina ennividangalilekkum 1812 leeii yudhasamayathu oru svakaaryakkaaranenna nilayil "ulysses" (1813-1814); "opheliya" (1815-1817), chili, havaay, samudra thekkukizhakkan eshya, chaina ennividangalilekkum "paakkat" (1817-1822), chili, havaay, chaina ennividangalilekkum mattu niravadhi kappalukalum ulppedunnu. eee yaathrakalil chilath samudrayaathrakalaayirunnu. jappanilekku poya "franklin", <aii. dii. 1] polulla mattu niravadhi kappalukalil addeham mattu captanmaarude keezhil sevanamanushtichu.
lydia" yude yaatra 1804-1807.
boosttan kambaniyaaya laimanteyum koottaalikaludeyum udamasthathayilulla "lydia" yilaayirunnu captanenna nilayil addehathinte aadya yaatra. yaathrayil hill nadatthiya krooravum svechaadhipathyaparavumaaya perumaattam addehathinte niravadhi kroo amgangaludeyum mattu roma vyapara captanmaarudeyum jenalukalil rekhappeduthiyittundu. oru yuva havaian penkuttiye laingika adimayaayi addeham nilanirtthi, avale idaykkide divasangalolam kappalinte oru boatil kondupoyi. addehathinte aadya pankaliyum supercargo ithu crewill undakkiya budhimuttukaleyum pothuvaaya asamthripthiyeyum kurichu ezhuthukayum "pavam niraparadhiyaaya penkuttiyodu" sahathapam prakadippikkukayum cheythu.
1805 juunil haida gwaayiyil laimanteyum koottaalikalkkum udamasthathayilulla "atahulpa", "vancouver" ennee rund kappalukalum "lydia" kandumutty. milbanke shabdathinu sameepam naattukaarumaayulla akramasakthamaaya samgharshathil captanum athahulpayile chila jeevanakkarum kollappettirunnu. moonnu kappalukalum, athijeevicha captanmaarum udyogastharum avarude thozhiludamayude prayojanathinaayi sahakarikkaan shramichu. nahvittiyile vyapara thuramukhathu, "pell", "merii", "juno" ennee moonnu american vyapara kappalukal koodi sahaayathinaayi avarodoppam chernnu. chila udyogasthar kaimaattam cheyyappedukayum oru kappal shekharicha ellah romangalum eduthu theeram vidanamennu kunninpurathullavarozhike ellaavarum sammathikkukayum cheythu. hill mattu captanmaarodum udyogastharodum moshamaayi perumaarukayum avarodoppam pravartthikkaan visammathikkukayum cheythu. vaankoovarile" kyapttan thomas braun inioricalum thannodu oru bandhavum undaakillenn prathijnjayedutthu. kyapttan hill "lydia", "atahulpa" ennivaykkidayil supercargos kaimaattam anuvadichu. swantham supercargo aaya isak hurd kunnin keezhil kashtappedukayum santhoshathode pookukayum cheythu.
thudarnnu lidia nootka shabdathilekku kondupoya kunninpuratthu nyoo-chaa-nalthu akramicha vyaapaarakkappalaaya bosttanile eaka rakshapetta joonn jooyittineyum joonn thompsonineyum addeham rakshappeduthi. iruvarum cheef maakvinayude adimakalaayi jeevichirunnu. oraal kappal kyapttane sameepikkumenna pratheekshayil joovitt rahasyamaayi kathukal ezhuthukayaayirunnu. maasangalkk munbu oru mcca medhaaviyil ninnu eee kathukalilonnu kunninu labhichirunnu. rakshappettavare rakshappeduthunnathinu boosttan udamakal prathiphalam vaagdaanam cheiyunnuvennum addehathinu ariyamaayirunnu. aisak hurd thomas brounum bostanilekku madangiyethumbol thante prashasthi nasippikkumenna bhayavum addehathe prachodippichu. jooyittineyum thompsonineyum rakshichathu addehathe bosttanile oru naayakanakki, thadassavum thavittum sambandhicha apalapikkunna reportukalkku pakaram vaykkunnathinekkaal kooduthal.
nootka shabdathil ninnu kunnu columbia nadiyilekku sanjarichu. 1805 novemberil, levikalum clark shaithyakaalam chelavazhikkunna fort clatsoppil ninnu addeham nankooramittu. praadeshika chinook nivaasikal louisukaleyum clarkineyum kurichu addehathodu paranjenkilum bandhappettitla. 1806 joolaiyil kunnu moonnaam thavanayum columbia nadiyil praveshichu. maasangalkk munbu poya louisil ninnum clarkil ninnum oru kathu chinook addehathinu nalki.
1805 novemberil columbia nadhi sandarshicha sesham kunnu romangal thedi veendum lydia vadakkott pooyi. mikkavarum ellah vyapara ettumuttalukalilum kunnu adhikshepikkukayum vanchikkukayum cheiyukayo thaddesheeyare vanjikkaan shramikkukayo cheythu. kaiganiyil addeham kooduthalum poricha podiyum vellamozhicha sharkara kondu haida kabalippikkaan shramichu. 1806 meyy maasathil haida pattanamaya maasettilvechu addeham niravadhi haida thattikkondupoyi kadal ottaka romangalil ninnu mochanadravyam labhikkunnathuvare avare thadavilaakki. addeham upekshichappol pattanatthil ninnu "lydia" yilek chila vediyundakal prayogichenkilum avar parajayappettu. marupadiyaayi kunnu thirinj nagaratthilekku oru veethikurachu vediyuthirthu. thekk thudarnnukondu addeham thaddesheeyaril ninnu romangal nedunnathinaayi aavarthichu bheeshanikal, akramam, thattikkondupokal enniva upayogichu. addehathinte supercargo athine "theeram kollayadikkal" ennu visheshippikkukayum addeham "valare avivekathode" pravarthikkunnuvennu karuthukayum cheythu.
ottar" 1809-1812-nte yaatra.
thante randaamathe samudra roma vyapara yaathrayil, "oottaril", 1811-ll thekkukizhakkan alaskayil rund akramasakthamaaya samghattanangalil addeham earppettu. aadyathethil, sitkaykku sameepam, russian-american kambaniyile ivaan kuskovinte neethrthwathilulla rund kappalukal oodikkaan addeham tlingittine sahayichu. eee sambhavathil ettu allute vettakkar kollappettu. randaamathe samgharshathil lyne kanalilaayirikke addehathinte swantham kappal chilkatt tlingit aakramichu. addehathinte rund naavikar kollappedukayum aarr perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. 13 thalavanmaar ulppede tlingit kollappettu. kunninpuratthu ithilum mattu yaathrakalilum mattu koottakkolakal nadannu, avaa chilappol valare pinneedu nirbhagyakaramaaya prathyaaghaathangal undaakki. 1822-ll vyaapaarakkappalaaya "roob royiyude" maramvettalkkaaran, "oottarile" kyapttan hill thante bhaaryayude pithaavine kolappeduthiyathinu prathikaram cheyyaan thanikk kazhiyunna aadyathe kappal pidichedukkaan cheef shakes uddeshichathaayi ezhuthi. 1840-ll chilkatt tlingit 1811-leeii hill aakramanathinu prathikaaramaayi hudson bay kambaniyude fort taakuvine aakramikkumenn bheeshanippedutthi.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
saamuval hill 1825 septambar 1 nuu bosttanil vachu marichu. addehathinte marana certificattil nalkia maranakaaranam "pakshaaghaatham" aayirunnu, ithu madyapaanatheyo addehathinte maanasikarogangalude chila vashangaleyo soochippikkaam.

