joonn ezz. jacobs

joonn ezz. jacobs (1815 allengil 1817-desember 19,1873) oru aafrikkan-american ezhuthukaaranum unmoolanavaadiyumaayirunnu. adimathathil ninnu rakshappettathinusesham 1861 februvariyil lunden vaarikayaaya 'dhaa lusher avar'-nte thudarchayaaya naalu pathippukalil 'adimathathinte oru yadhaartha katha' enna thalakkettil addeham thante aathmakatha prasidheekarichu. addehathinte sahodari haariyat jacobs ezhuthiya 'oru adima penkuttiyude jeevithathile sambhavangal' enna classic kruthiyilum addeham pradhanamaayi avatharippikkunnu.
jeevitam.
adimathathil aadyakaala jeevitam.
1815-ll vadakkan karolinayile edantanil joonn jacobs janichu. addehathinte amma oru praadeshika bhakshanashaalayude udamasthathayilulla hornibo kudumbatthile adimayaaya deleela hornibo aayirunnu. joninteyum sahodariyaaya harrietinteyum (jananam 1813) pithaav elea nox aayirunnu. eliah nox adimayaayirunnuvenkilum oru vidagdha marappanikkaaranaayathinaal chila vidhangalil savisheshaavakaasham nediyirunnu. 1826ll addeham marichu.
joninu naalu vayassullappol amma marichu. onpathaam vayassil doctorude joliyil niyamikkappedunnathuvare pithavinoppam thudaraan addehathinu anuvaadam labhichu. maricha bhakshanashala sookshippukaarante marumakanaaya jaims norcom. norcominte moonnu vayassulla makalodu avalude muun udama aagrahichirunna addehathinte sahodari haariyatum norcominoppam thaamasikkukayaayirunnu.
hornibloyude vidhavayude maranashesham, avalude adimakale 1828 leeii puthuvalsaradina lelathil vittu, avaril joonn, muthasshi mollie, moliyude makan maarkk ennivar ulppedunnu. pothu lelathil vilkkappettath 12 vayassulla joninu oru aaghaathakaramaaya anubhavamaayirunnu. addehathe doow. norcom thante sahodariyude athe veettil thudarnnu.
norcom adimakalaakkiyappol, joonn jacobs adisthaana aarogya pariraksha padikkukayum svayam vaayikkaan padippikkunnathil vijayikkukayum cheythu (valare kurachu adimakal maathrame saaksharathayulloo), ennaal cheruppatthil adimathathil ninnu rakshappettappol polum addehathinu ezhuthaan kazhinjilla.
taamasiyaathe norcom joninte sahodari haariyattine laingikamaayi upadravikkaan thudangi. addehathinte nirantharamaaya peedanatthil ninnu rakshappedaamenna pratheekshayil, pinneedu prathinidhi sabhayilekku thiranjedukkappetta vellakkaranaaya abhibhashakanaaya saamuval soyarumaayi avar oru bandham aarambhichu.
1835 juunil norcominte adima enna nilayil harrietinte sahacharyam asahaneeyamaayitheerukayum aval rakshappedaan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. roshakulanaaya norcom, joonn jacobsine harrietinte rund makkaleyum samsthaanathinu purathu kondupokumennu pratheekshichukondu oru adima vyaapaarikk vittu, angane avare avarude ammayil ninnum sahodariyil ninnum ennennekkumaayi verpeduthunnu. ennaal aaa vyaapaari kuttikalude pithavaaya soyarumaayi rahasyamaayi bandham pularthiyirunnathinaal avarkk avar movereyum vittu.
rakshappedalum unmoolanam cheyyalum.
1838-ll, vadakku bhaagathekkulla madhuvidhu yaathrayil joonn thante puthiya udama soyarine thante swakaarya sevakanaayi anugamikkukayum adimatham nirthalaakkiya newyorkkil soyarine upekshichu swaathanthryam nedukayum cheythu. joonn thante daasante kadamakal avasanakaalam vare niravetti, ellaam kramatthil upekshichu, thante yajamaananilninn panamonnum moshtikkunnillenn taanum sahodariyum thante ormmakkurippukalil paraamarsikkunnu. pakalum jolie cheyth raathriyil schoolil pookaanulla sramathinu sesham 1839 augustil thaan padikkaan aagrahikkunna ellah pusthakangalum koode kondupoyi timingala vetta yaatra nadatthi.
moonnara varshathinu sesham thirichethiya joonn ezz. swaathanthryathilekkulla rakshaykk sesham jacobs svayam vilichathupole, vilyam lloyd gaarisan nayikkunna unmoolanam cheiyunnavarumaayi kooduthal kooduthal edapazhaki. 1847 novemberil kyapttan jonathan vaakkarinoppam naalara maasathe prabhaashana paryadanatthinu addeham pooyi. vellakkaranaaya wacker adimakalude kroorathayude thelivaanu thante kaii kaanichathu. olivil poya oru koottam pere sahayikkaan sramichathinu sesham aaa kayyil ezz. ezz. (adima moshtavu ennartham) aksharangal mudrakuthiyirunnu.
athinusesham, unmoolanaavaadathinaayi jacobs svanthamaayi mattu prabhaashana paryadanangal nadatthi. 1849-nte thudakkathil, 1838-ll adimathathil ninnu rakshapetta frederic daglasinoppam addeham 16 divasathe paryadanatthinu pooyi, jacobs adimakalaayi maarunnathin aazhchakalkk munbu.
1849-ll, thante sahodari harrietinte sahaayathode, newyorkkile rochasttarile "adimatha virudha offeesum vaayana muriyum" daglasinte pathramaya "north staar"-nte athe kettidatthil sthithicheyyunna jacobs, oru hraswakaalathekku kaikaaryam cheythu.
1850-ll kongras olichodiya adima niyamam pasaki, ithu adimakalkku olichodiyavare adimakalilekku thirike nirbandhikkunnathu eluppamaakki. joonn ezz. aaa niyamathinethire prathishedhikkunna raalikalil samsaarichavaril oraalaayirunnu jacobs.
aaa varsham avasaanam, oru swarnna khanithozhilaaliyenna nilayil thante bhagyam pareekshikkaan addeham kaaliforniyayilekku pooyi. pinneedu addeham harrietinte makan josafinoppam veendum swarnam thedi oostreliyayilekku pooyi. kaaliforniyayilekkum oostreliyayilekkum pookaanulla addehathinte theerumaanam olichodiya adima niyamathinu kaaranamaano ennu vyakthamalla. niyamam joonn essinu baadhakamallenn addehathinte sahodari vyakthamaayi parayunnu.kaaranam, avan olichodiya raajyangalilekkalla, marichu yajamanan avide konduvannu. maruvashathu, pala varshangalkk sesham joonn jacobinte shavasamskara velayil, olichodiya adima niyamam pasakkunnathuvare addeham vadakku thaamasichuvennum thudarnnu kaundi vittuvennum "nammude mannil addehathinu inii surakshayillenn arinjukondu" gaarsan ezhuthi."
californiayilo australiyayilo addehathinu valia vijayam labhichilla, athinaal avide ninnu kadalilekku pooyi englandilekku pooyi. 1858-ll addehathinte sahodari grettu brittanilekkum veendum aii. dii. 1-lum poyappol, sahodarangal kandumuttaan parajayappettu, kaaranam rund avasarangalilum joonn kadalilaayirunnu-1858-ll addeham middle eesttilaayirunnu, patthu varshathinu sesham indiayil. appozhum, joonn ezz. haariyat jacobs ellaayppozhum meyil vazhi sanbarkkam pulartthunnu.
aathmakatha.
adimakalenna nilayil avarude anubavangal ezhuthaanulla ashayam jacob sahodarangalkku puthiyathayirunnilla. 1845ll frederic dougless "oru american adimayaaya frederic daglasinte jeevithathekkurichulla oru vivaranam" ezhuthiyirunnu. joonn ezz. thante sahodariye thante katha ezhuthaan prerippichathu addehamaanu. joonn vazhi haariyat jacobs arinja unmoolanavaadiyum feministumaaya aami poost, oduvil 1853 ll oru adima penkuttiyude jeevithathile sambhavangalkkayi pravartthikkaan thudangiya haariyattine bodhyappedutthiya vyakthiyaan, 1861 januvariyil prasidheekarichu.
joonn jacobinte swantham vivaranam valare cheruthaanu. 1861ll lunden vaarikayaaya "dhaa lusher avar"-nte naalu februvari pathippukalil "adimathathinte oru yadhaartha katha" enna thalakkettil ithu prasidheekarichu. aadya moonnu bhagangal timingala vettayil ninnu rakshappedunnathuvare addehathinte jeevitam vivarikkunnu, naalaamathe bhagam addeham saakshyam vahicha mattu adimakalkkethiraaya kroorathayekkurichu vivarikkunnu. rund sahodarangalum avarude swantham anubavangal, orumichu undakkiya anubavangal, mattu sahodarangalude jeevithathile sambhavangal enniva athath aakhyaanangalil vivarikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, norcominte laingika peedanathekkuricho sahodariyumaayulla soyarinte bandhathekkuricho joonn paraamarsikkunnilla. harrietinte makkal aadyam prathyakshappedunnathu avar ammaavanodoppam vyaapaariykk vilkkanulla thayyaareduppinaayi jayilil adaykkappedunna nimishathilaanu. thante avasaanathe udamayum sahodariyude kuttikalum thammilulla maathaapithaakkalude bandhathekkurichu addeham paraamarshikkaathathinaal, kuttikaleyum ammavaneyum vaangaanulla soyarinte thaalpparyatthinte kaaranagal joonn jacobinte kathayil avyakthamaanu. thante mattu niravadhi adimakalodu nannayi perumaaraatha, soyarinte adimayaayirikkumbol joonn jacobsinu labhicha nalla perumaattatthinte kaaranangalalum ithu sariyaanu. harrietinte pusthakatthinte vaayanakkaarkk maathrame eee karyangal vyakthamaakoo.
haariyat jacobs avalude pusthakatthile ellah perukalum, perukalum kudumbanaamangalum maattunnu. ennirunnaalum, joonn jacobs (sahodariyude pusthakatthil "vilyam" ennu vilikkunnu) nalkiyirikkunna sariyaaya perukal upayogikkunnu, pakshe kudumbanaamangalude (sariyaaya) aadya aksharam maathrame upayogikkunnulloo. athinaal doow. norcom "doow. flint "harrietinte pusthakatthil, pakshe" doow. enn-"jonsil. joninte kathayile eaka apavaadam soyar aanu, addehathinte peru aadyam churukkipparayukayum pinneedu poornnamaayi nalkukayum cheiyunnu, oru suhruthu ezhuthiya kathinte oppayi addeham nalkunna swantham perum, athil addeham soyarinodu paranjittundu "inii ningaludethalla, joonn ezz. jacobs ".
kudumbavum maranavum.
maranavum madhyathil, ekadesham 50 vayassulla joonn ezz. muun bandhatthil ninnu rund kuttikalulla engleesh vanithayaya eleanor aashlaandine jacobs vivaham kazhichu. avarkk orumichu janicha eaka kuttiyaya joseph ramse jacobs 1866-ll janichu.
1873ll addeham yuu. esilekku madangi.ezz. bhaaryaykkum moonnu kuttikalkkumoppam masaachyusetsile cambridgil thamasikkaan, sahodariyudeyum avarude makal louisa maattildayudeyum aduthu. athe varsham, 1873 desember desember addeham marichu. louisa mattilda kshanichathinethudarnnu vilyam lloyd gaarisan shavasamskaarathil pankedutthu. haariyattineyum louisa mattilda jacobukaleyum pinneedu moundu abarn semitheriyil addehathinte arikil samskarichu.
1903ll marikkunnathuvare addehathinte vidhava amerikkayil thaamasichirunnuvenkilum haariyat jacobinte kudumbavum thante kudumbavum thammil kooduthal sanbarkkam undaayirunnillenn thonnunnu. harrietinte jeevacharitrakaaranaaya jeane fagan yellin karuthunnath eleanor jacobs avarude kuttikal american vamsheeyathaykk irayaakaathirikkaan bandhangal vichedichuvennaanu. joseph ramse jacobsinu "vellaykku pasacan" kazhinju.

