
richard milttan martin

richard milttan martin (1916, cleveland, ohiyo-22 november 1985, milttan, masaachyusets) oru american yukthivaadiyum vishakalana thathwachinthakanum aayirunnu. thante phd.dii. frederic fitchinu keezhil ezhuthiya prabandhatthil, martin kwaininu alppam munbu vertual settukal kandethi, orupakshe oru kevalashastra samvidaanam upayogicha joseph henry woodger ozhikeyulla aadyathe noonn-pooll aayirikkam ithu. ivayum mattu upakaranangalum adisthaanamaakki, martin athintethaaya vaakyaghadanayum chila ardhashaasthravum praayogikathayum (oru ivant lojikkiloode) prakadippikkaan kazhivulla oru phastt-oordar sidhaantham roopappeduthi, ellaam settu, model sidhaanthathil ninnu (addehathinte naamamaatra thathwangalumaayi poruthappedunnu) vittunilkkumbol, reethi polulla theevramaaya ashayangalil ninnu.
currier.
martin thaazhepparayunna reethiyil vidyaabhyaasam nedi
martin alfred north whiteheadinte keezhil padichu, thudarnnu avasana varsham harwardil padichu, kolambiyayil ernest naagalinte keezhil padichirikkaam. yaale enna sthalathu, yukthivaadiyaaya frederic fitch addehathinte prabandhathinu melnottam vahichu.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu martin prinsettan sarvakalaashaalayilum pinneedu chikkago sarvakalaashaalayilum ganithashaasthram padippichu. yudhaanantharam addeham brin maavar koleju <aii. dii. 5>, pensylvania sarvakalashaala (penn) <aii. dii. 4>, texas sarvakalashaala <aii. dii. 6>, newyork sarvakalashaala <aii. dii. 1>, vadakkupadinjaaran <aii. dii. 2> (muzhuvan samaya), <aii. dii. 3> (prathivarsham oru kozhs) ennividangalil thathwachintha padippichu. boonn, yaale, hamberg, puthiya school, kshethram ennividangalilum martin sandarshana niyamanangal nadatthi.
1976ll martin adthyaapanathil ninnu viramikkukayum boosttan sarvakalaashaalayude shaasthra charitra thathwashaasthra kendravumaayi oru gaveshana associate aakukayum cheythu. 100-ladhikam pusthaka adhyayangalum jenal lekhanangalum prasidheekarichukondu addeham thalfalamaayundaaya ozhivusamayangal mikacha reethiyil upayogichu, angane addehathinte jeevithathinte avasana dashakam addehathinte ettavum ulppaadanakshamamaayirunnu. 1979-ll addeham thante lojik/phastt-oordar sidhaanthathinte krithyamaaya chikitsa prasidheekarikkukayum "semioticsinte" oru bhagam prasidheekarikkukayum chaals saandezhs peezhsinekkurichulla carolin aiselinte rachanakalude oru vaalyam edittu cheyyukayum cheythu. fitch, jeey ennivaykkaayulla festshrift pusthakangal edittu cheyyaan addeham sahayichu. enn. 1975lum 1985lum yathaakramam findlay prasidheekarichu.
maranasamayathu martin ettu jenalukalude edittoriyal boardilum piyezhs edition projakttinte upadeshaka boardilum sevanamanushtichu. 1981ll addeham chaals essinte presidentaayi. peezhs sosaitti. 1984ll addeham metaafisikkal sosaitti oof amerikkayude presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu.
1948 muthal maranam vare kaalavadhi track niyamanangal nadathiyittum, piechu.dii. maarttinte melnottatthil poortthiyaakkiyathaayi ariyappedunna prabandham jaims skoginintethaanu. allaathapaksham, maarttinte paarambaryam addehathinte prasidheekaricha rachanakalumaayi sahavarthikkunnu.
ashayangal.
"...vishakalana thathwachinthakarude ettavum bahumukhavum samriddhavum pandithochithavumaaya oraal."
martin american vishakalana thathwachinthakarude aadya tharamgatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu; vaadayogyamaayi, kwin (1908-2000), fitch (1909-1987), henry leonard (1905-67) ennivar maathrame addehathinu munbundaayirunnulloo. addehathinte kaalagananayilulla muthirnnavaraya nelson goodman (1906-1998), wilfried sellars (1912-89) ennivarellaam addehathinte samakalikaraayirunnu, kaaranam avarellam ekadesham ore samayathaan, athaayath randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, aathmaarthathayode thangalude currier aarambhichath. vaakyaghadanayekkurichulla maarttinte aupachaarikamaaya chikitsa alfred tarsky pinthudarnnu; ardhashaasthrathinte, rudolph carnap. martin pothuve kaarnappinte srishtikalodu nannayi edapedukayum kaarnappile shilp voliyathinu oru neenda paper sambhavana cheyyukayum oru sishyanaayi kaanappedukayum cheythu. vairudhyaparamaayi, martin oru posittivistum radical nominalistumaayirunnu, addeham prakriya daivashaasthrathodum yaadhaasthithika kristhumathathodum sahathapam prakadippichu.
1943num 1992num idayil, soundaryashaasthram, yukthishaasthram, ganithashaasthrathinte adithara, metaphysics, vaakyaghadana/ardhashaasthram/praayogikatha, shaasthrathinte thathwachintha, prathibhasam, prakriya thathwachintha, daivashaasthram, freej, chaals saandezhs peezhs ennivayulppede asaadhaaranamaaya vishayangalekkurich 16 pusthakangalum 240 oolam prabandhangalum (athil 17 ennam addehathinte pusthakangalil ulppeduthiyittundu) martin prasidheekarichu. phastt-oordar lojik, vertual settukaludeyum bandhangaludeyum sidhaantham, pravachanangalude oru multippility enniva upayogichu thathwachintha aupachaarikamaayi nadathanamennu martin prasamgikkukayum pariseelikkukayum cheythu, ellaam oru ivant lojikkil kalaashikkunnu. 1969-leeii thante "vishwaasathil" punarprasidheekaricha prabandhangalil ninnu aarambhich, freejinte "art dess gegebenzin" thante chinthaykku nirnaayakamaanennu martin vaadichu. eee "kala" yude ardham enthaanennu iniyum vyakthamaakkendathundu.
logico-lingvistiks" ennu addeham visheshippicha oru reethiyaaya saadhaarana bhaashayude vishakalanathin thante phastt-oordar sidhaantham prayogikkaan martin prathyekichum ishtappettirunnu. 1950kalil bhaashaavidagdharaaya sellig harris (prashamsaneeyamaayi), henry hiss (kooduthal vimarsanaathmakamaayi), martin, harris, hiss ennivarellaam pennil padippichathine addeham palappozhum paraamarshichu. ennittum noom chomskyudeyum addehathinte sahapravarthakarudeyum vidyaarthikaludeyum anubandha saidhaanthika kruthikale martin thallikkalanju. virodhaabhaasamennu parayatte, chomskyude pradhana yuktishaasthra adhyapakanaayirunnu martin; pennil oru vidyaarthiyaayirikke, chomsky martin padippicha ellah kozhsukalum eduthu.
kvininte "vaakkukalum vasthukkalum" martine amgeekaarathode udharikkunnu, ennaal maarttinte vishalamaaya swaadheenam addehathinte rachanakalude veethiyum aazhavum anusarichalla; marttinekkurichulla dvitheeya saahithyathil addehathinte pusthakangalude avalokanangalekkaal alpam kooduthal adangiyirikkunnu.
udharanikal.
samakaalika thathwachinthayude praveshana kavaadathinu mukalil ezhuthappettirikkunnu puthiya yukthiyude upakaranangal poornnamaayum sajjeekarichirikkunnu.uddesham", pii. 153.
daivam aadyakramathil yukthiye srishtichu, backiellam manushyante karakaushalamaanu.semioottiks", p. xv.
grandhasoochika.
chuvadeyulla aadyathe naalu sheershakangalum "semioticsinte" bhagam eyum monograafukalaanu. mattu sheershakangal valare ayanja prabandhangalude shekharangalaanu, avayil mikathum aadyam jenalukalil prasidheekarikkappedunnu.