
bilaminar bhroona disk

bilaminar bhroona disk, bilaminar blastoderm allengil bhroona disk ennathu manushya bhroonathinte vikasanathinte ettaam divasam roopappedunna koshangalude vyathyasthamaaya rund paalikalulla gadanayaanu. bhroonaplaast ennum ariyappedunna aantharika kosha pindam rund paalikalude oru bilaminar disk roopappeduthumbol ithu roopappedunnu, epiblast (premitteevu ectoderm) ennu vilikkunna oru mukalile paaliyum hypoblast (premitteevu endoderm) ennu vilikkunna oru thaazhathe paaliyum, athu oduvil garbhapindamayi maarunnu. koshangalude eee rund paalikal iruvashathum draavakam niracha rund arakalkkidayil vyaapichukidakkunnu aadima manjakkaru sanjiyum amneotic sanjiyum.
trophoblastinu sameepamullathum collamar epithelial koshangal kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu; hypoblast blastocoyilinu (blastosistic arra) ettavum aduthullathum cuboidal koshangal kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. rund paalikalum vyakthamaakumbol, paalikalkkidayil oru basement membran roopappedunnu. bilaminar diskinte paalikalekkurichulla eee vyathyasam bhroonajananathile aadima dorso ventral axisineyum dhruveeyathayeyum nirvachikkunnu.
epiblast trophoblastil ninnu thaazhekku kudiyerukayum athinidayil amneotic arra roopappedukayum cheiyunnu, athinte lining epiblaastil ninnu vikasippicha amnioblaastukalil ninnaan roopappedunnathu. hypoblast thaazhekku thallukayum manjakkaru sanchi (exocoelomic arra) lining roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. chila hypoblast koshangal blaastokoyilinte aantharika cytotrophoblast liningiloode kudiyerukayum vazhiyil oru extra sellular matricks sravikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee hypoblast koshangaleyum extra sellular matrixineyum huser membran (allengil exocoelomic membran) ennu vilikkunnu, avaa blaastokoyal moodukayum manjakkaru sanchi (allengil exoelomic arra) roopappedukayum cheiyunnu. hypoblastinte koshangal eee rettikulathinte puram arikukaliloode kudiyerukayum extraembrionic mesoderm roopappedukayum cheiyunnu; ithu extraembrionic rettikulathe thadassappeduthunnu. taamasiyaathe rettikulathil pokkattukal roopappedunnu, avaa aathyanthikamayi corionic arra (extraembrionic koyalam) roopappeduthunnu.
prarambha roopeekaranam.
bhroonavikasanathinte thudakkathil rund gamattukalkkidayil oru beejasankalana sambhavathaal roopappetta eucariotic koshamaaya oru sell saigot phalopian tyoobiloode garbhaashayathilekku sanjarikkumbol maittosis vazhi villalin vidheyamaakunnu. saigot kosha vibhajanathinu vidheyamaakukayum rund, thudarnnu naalu, thudarnnu ettu, thudarnnu 16 koshangal (saadhaaranayaayi beejasankalanathinu sheshamulla naalam divasathode) roopappedukayum cheyyumbol, athu morula ennariyappedunna koshangalude oru panthayi maarunnu. eee sellular vibhajana samayat, saigot athe valippathil thudarunnu, pakshe koshangalude ennam vardhikkunnu. moonno naalo divasathinu sesham morula garbhaashayathilekku praveshikkunnu-eee samayat blastosist uthppaadippikkunnathina blastocoyil ennu vilikkunna oru arra roopappedunnu. blaastosist roopappettukazhinjaal, athu endometriathilekku implaanteshanu vidheyamaakunnu. implaanteshan samayat aantharika kosha pindam adangiyirikkunna blastosist bilaminar bhroona diskinte rund paalikalaayi sellular deferentiationu vidheyamaakunnu. athilonnaanu aadima ectoderm ennum ariyappedunna epiblast. bilaminar bhroona diskinte puram paaliyaan epiblast, athil collamar koshangal adangiyirikkunnu. cuboidal koshangal adangiya endometriyathodu ettavum aduthulla aantharika paaliyaan premitteevu endoderm ennum ariyappedunna hypoblast. epiblast 'bhroona sariyaaya' yaayum hypoblast garbhapindatthinte puram paliyaayum (extra embrionic membranukal) vikasikkum. valarunna koshangalkk chuttumulla draavakathil ninnu vyaapikkunnathiloode poshakangalude uravidamaayi blaastosist pravartthikkunnu. 
amneotic sanjiyude roopeekaranam.
ettaam divasam muthal, vikasanathinte randaam aazhchayil roopappedunna aadyathe puthiya arayaanu amneotic sanchi. epiblastinum hypoblastinum idayil draavakam shekharikkukayum ithu epiblaastine rund bhagangalaayi vibhajikkukayum cheiyunnu. bhroonadhruvathile paali amneotic sanjikkuchuttum valarukayum cytotrophoblastil ninnu oru thadassam srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu. ithu garbhapindatthinte naalu stharangalil onnaaya amniyon ennariyappedunnu, athil adangiyirikkunna koshangale amnioblaastukal ennu vilikkunnu. amneotic sanchi thudakkathil blaastosistinekkaal cheruthaanenkilum ettaam aazhchayode bhroonathe muzhuvan amniyon valayam cheiyunnathuvare athu valuthakum.
manjakkaru sanjiyum garbhakala sanjiyude roopeekaranavum.
garbhaavasthayile sanchi (corionic arra allengil extraembrionic koylom), manjakkaru sanchi (pokkil vesicle) ennivayude roopeekarana prakriya ippozhum charcha cheyyappedunnu. manjakkaru sanjiyude stharangalude roopeekaranam aarambhikkunnath hypoblast koshangalude ulppaadanathile vardhanaviloodeyum thudarnnu vyathyastha tharatthilulla kudiyettangaliloodeyum aanennu pradhana sidhaantham parayunnu. ettaam divasam, hypoblast koshangalude aadya bhagam avayude migration aarambikkukayum praadhamika manjakkaru sanchi allengil huser membran (exocoelomic membran) ennariyappedunnathu undaakkukayum cheiyunnu. 12-aamm divasathode, praadhamika manjakkaru sanchi ippol krithyamaaya manjakkaru sanjikku sambhavana cheiyunna oru puthiya baachu migrating hypoblast koshangalal vichedikkappettu. 
praadhamika manjakkaru sanchi roopappedumbol, extrambrionic mesoderm blastosist arayilekku kudiyerukayum ayanja paaykk cheytha koshangal kondu niraykkukayum cheiyunnu. extra embrionic mesodermine rund bhagangalaayi vibhajikkumbol, garbhakala sanchi ennu vilikkunna oru puthiya vidavu undaakunnu. bhroonatheyum athinte amneon manjakkaruvum ippol corian ennu vilikkappedunna blastosistinte vidoora mathilil ninnu verthirikkunnathin eee puthiya arra utharavaadiyaanu. extraembrionic mesoderm rund paalikalaayi vibhajikkumbol, amniyon, yolk sack, corian ennivayum eratta paalikalaayi maarunnu. amneon koriyanum extraembrionic ectoderm mesoderm chernnathaanu, athesamayam manjakkaru sanchi extraembrionic endoderm mesoderm chernnathaanu. 13-aamm divasam, extra embrionic mesoderminte idathoornna bhagamaaya bandhippikkunna thandu garbhakala sanjiyile bhroona diskine niyanthrikkunnu.
vikasana samayat manjakkaru bagg.
amniyon pole, manjakkaru sanchi oru araye chuttipattiyulla garbhapindatthinte stharamaan. extraembrionic mesoderm pilarnnathinu sheshamaan krithyamaaya manjakkaru sanjiyude roopeekaranam sambhavikkunnath, ithu akathu hypoblastil ninnu uruthirinja endoderm purambhaagathu mesoderm ulla eratta paalikalulla gadanayaayi maarunnu. nirnnayakamaaya manjakkaru sanchi vikasanathinte naalam aazhchayil bhroonathinu valareyadhikam sambhavana nalkukayum bhroonathinte nirnaayaka pravartthanangal nirvahikkukayum cheiyunnu. athilonnu rakthathinte roopeekaranam allengil hematopoisis aanu. koodaathe, primordial jerm sell migration munbu manjakkaru sanjiyude mathililaanu primordial jerm cellukal aadyamaayi kaanappedunnath. vikasanathinte naalam aazhchaykk sesham, valarunna bhroona disk manjakkaru sanjiyekkaal valare valuthayi maarukayum oduvil jananathinu munbu sajeevamaakukayum cheiyunnu. asaadhaaranamaayi, manjakkaru sanchi vaitalin dakttaayi nilanilkkukayum mcculls diverticulum ennariyappedunna dahananaalathinte janmana outtu pouchinginu kaaranamaakukayum cheyyum.
dahana samayat epiblast koshangal.
moonnaamathe aazhchayil, dahanam aarambhikkunnath aadima varayude roopeekaranathodeyaanu. plurippottant stem cellukal ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm ennee moonnu jerm sell paalikalakki verthirikkumbozhaanu gastrulation sambhavikkunnath. dahana samayat, epiblaastinte koshangal aadima varayilekku kudiyerukayum athilekku praveshikkukayum thudarnnu ingression enna prakriyayiloode athil ninnu akannupookukayum cheiyunnu.
krithyamaaya endoderm vikasanam.
16-aamm divasam, aadima variyude aduthulla epiblast koshangal aadima varayiloode praveshikkumbol epithelial-tuu-messenkymal parivartthanam anubavikkunnu. epiblast koshangalude aadya tharamgam hypoblastine ettedukkunnu, athu kramena puthiya koshangalal maattisthaapikkappedunnu, athu oduvil krithyamaaya endodermine roopappeduthunnu. kudalinteyum mattu anubandha kudal gadanakaludeyum lining nirmmikkunnath krithyamaaya endodermaanu.
intraembrionic mesoderm vikasanam.
16-aamm divasam muthal, praveshikkunna chila epiblast koshangal epiblastinum puthuthayi roopappedunna krithyamaaya endoderminum edayilulla pradeshathekku praveshikkunnu. koshangalude eee paali intrembrionic mesoderm ennariyappedunnu. koshangal aadima variyil ninnu ubhaykakshi sanjarichu pakwata praapichathinushesham, intraembrionic mesoderminte naalu vibhagangal undaakkunnu cardiogenic mesoderm, paraxial mesoderm, intermediat mesoderm, laattaral plate mesoderm.
ectoderm vikasanam.
krithyamaaya endoderm, intraembrionic mesoderm roopeekaranangal poortthiyaaya sesham, sheshikkunna epiblast koshangal aadima varayiloode praveshikkunnilla; pakaram avaa purathu thudarukayum ectoderm roopappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. ectoderm neural plettum uparithala ectoderm aakunnathin adhikam samayamilla. oru bhroonathil thalayotti muthal kaudal vare vikasikkunnathinaal, ectoderminte roopeekaranam vikasana samayat ore nirakkil sambhavikkunnilla. aadima variyude kooduthal thaazhnna bhaagath ippozhum epiblast koshangal intrembrionic mesoderm undakkaan praveshikkum, athesamayam kooduthal uyarnna bhagam ithinakam praveshikkunnathu nirtthi. ennirunnaalum, oduvil gastrolation poortthiyaakukayum moonnu anukkalude paalikal poortthiyaakukayum cheiyunnu.

