
oormmakalude katha

fraansile saine-ettu-maarne "department" enna pattanatthile oru kotta nemorukalude "kammyoon" aanu chaatto dii nemores. paarees nagarapradeshatthinte thekke attathu sthithi cheiyunna ithu loying nadiyude theerathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. 1903num 1999num idayil myusiyamaakki maattiya eee myoosiyathil manpaathrangalude shekharamundu.
muun chaappalinte avashishtangal 1926-ll purathana smaarakangalude rajisttaril chertthu. 1977-ll franch saamskaarika mantraalayam kottaye oru "smaaraka charitra"mackie.
charithram.
panthrandaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyilum pathinalam noottaandilum pathinanjaam noottaandilum pathinezhaam noottaandilum nirmmaanatthinte supradhana gattangal nadannu.
kettidatthinte aadya kallukal ekadesham 1120ll oorsan loyinginte idathu theerathu sthaapichu. merovingian kaalam muthal (1898 leeii merovingian sarcophagiyude khananamanusarichu) loyinginte idathu karayilulla sent less nemozhsil aduthulla oru kunnin mukalil oru graamam sthaapichittundu. aadyathe prabhukkanmaar orupakshe loyinginte valath karayil "leeii chaatlett" ennu vilikkunna oru sthalathu oru uyarnna kotta kunnu sthaapichittundaakam. pinneedu oru paalam nirmmikkunnathin munbu nadhi kadakkaan anuvadikkunna oru fordinte saannidhyathaal loyinginu sameepam atharamoru punny sthaapikkunnathu nyayeekarikkappettu.
1170-ll, nemorukalude randaamathe prabhuvaya (athil oru rekhayundu), lui VII raajaavinte chamberline gauthiyar aii dii villebiyon thante communinu oru charter nedi. nooru varshathe yudhasamayathu, 1359-ll jeane dii greliyudeyum bush kappalinteyum sainyam eee pattanam kathichu. 1404ll eee pattanam oru duchy-peerej aayi maariyengilum 16 varshathinu sesham athu engleeshinte kaikalil veenu. 1437ll anjouvile jaakkukal avarude swaadheenathil ninnu ithu mochippichu.
thudarnnulla noottaandukalil kottayil kurachu mattangal maathrame undaayirunnulloo. pathinanjaam noottaandil jackwus dii armagnac eee keep thamasikkaan kooduthal manoharamaaya sthalamaakki maattunnathinaayi poornnamaaya janalakal cherthukondu ithu maatti. catholicar protestantumaarum thammilulla mathayudhangalude samayat, 1585-ll catherine dii medissy duke oof dc thammilulla nemore udambadiyude oppuvacha sthalamaayirunnu ithu, ithu catholica leaginte purogathi amgeekarikkukayum "nalla" rajaavaaya henry naalaaman oduvil ekadesham oru noottaandinu sesham naantasinte shaasanavumaayi kalahangal avasaanippikkunnathin munbu raajyam vidaan protestantumaarot abhyarthikkukayum cheythu.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte madhyathil, duke oof oorliyansinte lefttanant generalaya aan headelinte keezhil eee kotta oru niyama kodathiyaayi maari. randaamathethu kottayude praveshana kavaadam maatti pradhana muttathekkum athinte smaaraka padikalkkum ("peroon") thurakkunnu.
vaasthuvidya.
naalu vrithaakrithiyilulla gopurangalude oru valanja keepum loyinginte thaazhvaraykku abhimukhamaayi oru chathuraakrithiyilulla vaachu tower chernnathaanu kotta. pradhana muttathinu chuttum madhyakala bhavanangal undu, ithu saamudaayika millukal, palli, purohitharude jilla ennivaykkidayilulla pattanatthinte charitraparamaaya paithrukathinte hridayamaanu.