dye penetrant parisodhana

draavaka nuzhanjukayatta parisodhana (ell. pii. aii) allengil nuzhanjukayatta parisodhana (pii. tii) ennum vilikkunna dye penetrant parisodhana (dipi), pooras ithara vasthukkalil (lohangal, plaastikkukal, allengil seramics) uparithalathe thakarkkunna vaikalyangal parisodhikkaan vyaapakamaayi prayogikkunnathum kuranja chelavil cheiyunnathumaaya parisodhana reethiyaanu. ferres ithara vasthukkalilum ferres vasthukkalilum penetrant prayogikkaamenkilum ferres gadakangalkku kanthika-kanika parisodhana palappozhum athinte uparithalathinte thaazheyulla kandethal seshikkaayi upayogikkunnu. hairline villalukal, uparithala poroosity, puthiya uthppannangalile chorcha, sevana gadakangalile ksheenam villalukal thudangiya uparithala vaikalyangal casting, forging, welding enniva kandethaan elpiai upayogikkunnu.
charithram.
1900 kalude thudakkathil railway vyavasaayathil upayogichirunna enna, vella reethi villalukal kandethunnathinayi nuzhanjukayatta thathwangalude aadya amgeekritha upayogamaayirunnu. ennayum vellavum vrithiyaakkaan oru enna laayakavum thudarnnu oru vella allengil chokku coating prayogikkukayum athu villalukalil ninnu enna agiranam cheyyukayum avayude sthaanam velippeduthukayum cheythu. taamasiyaathe draavakathil oru chayam chertthu. 1940 aayappozhekkum, pareekshana vasthukkalil thulachukayaraan upayogikkunna ennayil fluorescent allengil drishyamaaya chayam chertthu.
thapanilayum mukkivekkanulla samayavum pradhaanamaanennu anubhavam theliyichu. ithu saadhaaranavum ekeekrithavumaaya phalangal nalkunnathinulla rekhaamoolamulla nirddeshangalude parisheelanathinu thudakkamittu. rekhaamoolamulla nadapadikramangalude upayogam vikasichu, design enchineeyarmaarkkum nirmmathaakkalkkum sariyaaya pariseelanam labhichathum saakshyappeduthiyathumaaya eathenkilum liqvid penetrant testing technicianil ninnu uyarnna nilavaaramulla phalangal nedaanulla kazhivu nalkunnu.
thathwangal.
dpi capillary pravartthanatthe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, avide uparithalathile kuranja pirimurukkam ulla draavakam shudhavum varandathumaaya uparithalathe thakarkkunna vichedanam undaakkunnu. mukkukayo thalikkukayo brush cheiyukayo cheythukondu penitrant testt gadakathil prayogikkaam. mathiyaya nuzhanjukayatta samayam anuvadichathinushesham, adhika nuzhanjukayattavasthukkal neekkam cheyyukayum oru developer prayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. oru adrishyamaaya soochana inspectork drishyamaakunnathinaayi pizhavil ninnu nuzhanjukayaraan developer sahayikkunnu. fluorescent allengil noonn fluorescent (drishyamaayathu)-upayogikkunna chaayatthinte tharatthe aashrayich ultraviolet allengil velutha velichathilaanu parisodhana nadathunnathu.
parisodhana nadapadikal.
draavaka nuzhanjukayatta parisodhanayude pradhana gattangal chuvade
1. munkootty vrithiyaakkal
eathenkilum azhukk, peyint, oayil, grease allengil eathenkilum ayanja skeyil enniva neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi testt uparithalam vrithiyaakkunnu, athu oru thakaraaril ninnu thulachukayarukayo aprasakthamo thettaayatho aaya soochanakal undaakkukayo cheyyum. vrithiyaakkal reethikalil layakangal, kshara shucheekarana gattangal, neeravi degreasing allengil media blaasting enniva ulppedaam. eee ghattatthinte anthima lakshyam eathenkilum vaikalyangal uparithalathilekku thurannirikkukayum varandathum malineekaranamillaathathumaaya oru shudhamaaya uparithalamaan. media blaasting upayogikkukayaanenkil, athu bhaagathe cheria vichedanam "marikadannekkaam", koodaathe spodanaananthara chikilsayaayi oru etching baath shupaarsha cheiyunnu.
2. penetrantinte prayogam
thudarnnu parishodhikkunna vasthuvinte uparithalathil penatrant prayogikkunnu. uyarnna nanaykkal sheshiyulla thilakkamulla niramulla chalanathmaka draavakamaanu saadhaaranayaayi nuzhanjukayatta draavakam. eathenkilum pizhavukalilekku (saadhaaranayaayi 5 muthal 30 minitt vare) kuthirkkan "live time" anuvadikkunnu. thamasikkunna samayam pradhaanamaayum upayogikkunna nuzhanjukayattathe aasrayichirikkunnu, pareekshikkunna metteeriyal, aavashyappedunna pizhavukalude valuppam ennivaye aasrayichirikkunnu. pratheekshichathupole, cheria pizhavukalkk kooduthal nuzhanjukayatta samayam aavasyamaanu. avayude poruthappedaattha swabhaavam kaaranam, vellam kazhukaavunna developerumaayi parishodhikkenda oru uparithalathil laayakathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla penetrant prayogikkathirikkaan oraal shradhikkanam.
3. amithamaya nuzhanjukayatta neekkam cheyyal
adhika nuzhanjukayattavasthukkal pinneedu uparithalathil ninnu neekkam cheiyunnu. neekkam cheiyunna reethi niyanthrikkunnath upayogikkunna penetrantinte tharamaan. vellam kazhukaavunna, layakam neekkam cheyyaavunna, lipophilic poost-emulsible allengil hydrophilic poost-emulsible ennivayaanu saadhaarana choisukal. emulsifierukal ettavum uyarnna censitivity leveline prathinidheekarikkunnu, koodaathe ennamayamulla penetrantumaayi raasaparamaayi samvadikkukayum athu vaattar spray upayogichu neekkam cheyyavunnathaakkukayum cheiyunnu. solvant remover lint free thuniyum upayogikkumbol pareekshana uparithalathil nerittu solvant thalikkaathirikkendath pradhaanamaan, kaaranam ithu pizhavukalil ninnu nuzhanjukayattathe neekkam cheyyum. adhika penetrant shariyaayi neekkam cheythillengil, davalappar prayogichukazhinjaal, athu vikasita pradeshathu soochanakalo vaikalyangalo maraykkaan kazhiyunna oru pashchaathalam avasheshippichekkaam. koodaathe, sariyaaya parisodhana nadathaanulla kazhivine saaramaayi thadassappeduthunna thettaaya soochanakalum ithu nalkiyekkaam. koodaathe, amithamaya nuzhanjukayattam neekkam cheiyunnathu oru dishayilekku lambamaayo thirashcheenamaayo aanu. 
4. developermaarude prayogam
adhika penetrant neekkam cheytha sesham, oru velutha developer saambilil prayogikkunnu. niravadhi developer tharangal labhyamaan, avayil iva ulppedunnu noonn-akwas vettu developer, dry poudar, vaattar-suppendable, vaattar-solbable. davalapparmaarude thiranjeduppu niyanthrikkunnath penetrant anuyojyatha (oraalkk vellathil layikkunna allengil vellam kazhukaan kazhiyunna penetrantinoppam suspendable davalappar upayogikkaan kazhiyilla), parisodhana saahacharyangal ennivayiloodeyaanu. noonn-jaleeya vettu developer (naav) allengil dry poudar upayogikkumbol, sample prayogikkunnathinu munbu unakkanam, athesamayam layikkunnathum suspendable cheyyaavunnathumaaya developermar munbathe ghattathil ninnu ippozhum nananja bhagavumaayi prayogikkunnu. aerosol spray kyaanukalil vaanijyaparamaayi labhyamaya naved asettoon, isopropyl alcohol allengil iva randum samyojippicha oru propellant enniva upayogichekkaam. developer uparithalathil oru ardha-sutharyamaaya, coating polum roopappeduthanam.
developer vaikalyangalil ninnu uparithalathilekku nuzhanjukayarunnu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi bleed-outtu ennariyappedunna oru drishya soochana roopappeduthunnu. rakthasraavam nadakkunna eathoru pradeshathinum uparithalathile sthaanam, ooriyanteshan, saadhyamaaya tharatthilulla vaikalyangal enniva soochippikkaan kazhiyum. phalangal vyaakhyaanikkunnathinum kandethiya soochanakalil ninnulla vaikalyangal savisheshamaakkunnathinum kurachu pariseelanavum koodaathe/allengil anubhavavum aavashyamaayi vannekkaam [soochanayude valuppam thakaraarinte yadhaartha valuppamalla].
5. parisodhana
drishyamaaya dye penetrantinaayi inspector mathiyaya theevrathayode (100 adii mezhukuthirikal allengil 1100 luxes saadhaaranamaanu) drishyaprakaasham upayogikkum. fluorescent penetrant parishodhanakalkkayi kuranja ambiyant laitt levelukal (2 adii mezhukuthirikalil thaazhe) koodaathe mathiyaya theevratha (centimeter squareil 1,000 micro whats) ulla ultraviolet (yuvi-eiii) vikiranavum saadhaaranamaanu. 10 muthal 30 minitt vare vikasana samayathinu sesham testt uparithalathinte parisodhana nadakkanam, ithu upayogicha penetrantineyum developerineyum aasrayichirikkunnu. eee samaya kaalathamasam bloating pravartthanam nadatthaan anuvadikkunnu. drishyamaaya chayam upayogikkumbol inspectork soochana roopeekaranathinaayi sample nireekshikkaam. soochanakal roopappedumbol avaa nireekshikkunnathum nalla reethiyaanu, kaaranam bleed aouttinte savisheshathakal vyaakhyaanathinte oru pradhana bhagamaanu.
6. vrithiyaakkiya shesham
parisodhanaykkum vaikalyangal rekhappeduthunnathinum sesham testt uparithalam palappozhum vrithiyaakkunnu, prathyekichu poost-inspection coating prakriyakal shedule cheythittundenkil.
gunangalum doshangalum.
dpiyude pradhana gunangal parisodhanayude vegathayum kuranja chelavumaanu. uparithalathile poraaymakal, charmmatthile prakopam enniva maathram kandethuka, parisodhana sugamamaya vrithiyulla uparithalathilayirikkanam, avide vikasippikkunnathin munbu amithamaya nuzhanjukayattam neekkam cheyyaan kazhiyum. aas-weld" veldukal polulla parukkan prathalangalil parisodhana nadathunnathu amithamaya nuzhanjukayattathe neekkam cheiyunnathu budhimuttaakkukayum thettaaya soochanakalkku kaaranamaakukayum cheyyum. mattu maargangalonnumillenkil vellam kazhukaavunna penatrant ivide pariganikkanam. koodaathe, chila prathalangalil, mathiyaya valia varnna vairudhyam nedaan kazhiyilla allengil workpeasinu niram varum.
oopparettarkku parimithamaaya pariseelanam aavasyamaanu-ennirunnaalum anubhavam valare moolyavathaayathaanu. uparithalathile malineekaranangal neekkam cheythittundennum eathenkilum vaikalyangal undengil avaa vrithiyullathum varandathumaanennum urappakkaan sariyaaya shucheekaranam aavasyamaanu. chila vrithiyaakkal reethikal testt sensittivitikk haanikaramaanennu theliyikkappettittund, athinaal loha smearing neekkam cheiyunnathinum takaraar veendum thurakkunnathinum assid etching aavashyamaayi vannekkaam.
pooras allatha vasthukkalil maathrame penetrant parisodhana nadatthaan kazhiyoo.

