
ahamed ibnu fadlan

ahmed ibn fadlan (allengil pazhaya europian saahithyathil ibn foslan) ennariyappedunna ahmed ibn fadlan ibn alle-abbas ibn rasid ibn hammad (;) patthaam noottaandile oru musleem sanjaariyaayirunnu, baghdadile abbazid khaleefayude embassyile amgamenna nilayil baghdadile alle-muktadir, volga bulgerukalude rajaavilekkulla yaathrakalkk prashasthanaayirunnu.
oru vyapara kaaravante bhaagamaayi jeevithathekkurichulla driksaakshi vivaranangalum oru kappal samskarikkalin saakshyam vahikkunnathum ulppede volga vaikkingukalekkurichulla vishadamaaya vivaranam nalkunnathil addehathinte vivaranam ettavum sradheyamaanu. khasaariya, kuman, pechnegs ennivar ippozhum chuttumundaayirunnappol oghusu tarkkukalude jeevitashailiyum addeham shradheyamaayi vivarichu.
ibnu fadlaante vishadamaaya rachanakal niravadhi charitrakaaranmaar udharichittundu. maikkal kriktante "eettezhs oof dhaa dedd" enna novalum athinte chalachitraavishkaaramaaya "dhii 13th warrier" ulppedeyulla vinoda pravarthanangalkkum avar prachodanamaayittundu.
jeevacharitram.
pashchaathalam.
samakaalika srothassukalil ahamed ibn fadlane oru arab vamshajanaayi visheshippichittundu. ennirunnaalum, "encyclopedia oof islam", richard enn. thante uthbhavam, vamseeyatha, vidyaabhyaasam, janana-marana theeyathikal ennivayekkurichu polum urappode onnum parayaan kazhiyillennu frey kootticherkkunnu.
abbazid khaleefa alle-mukthaadirinte kottaaratthile islaamika niyamashaasthrathilum vishwaasathilum vidagdhanaaya oru "fakhih" aayirunnu ahamed ibnu fadlan ennu praadhamika uravida rekhakalum charitra grandhangalum kaanikkunnu. thante charitraparamaaya dauthyathinaayi purappedunnathinu munbu addeham alle-mukthaadirinte kottaaratthil kurachukaalamaayi sevanamanushtichirunnave addehathinte rachanakalilninnu urappayi thonnunnu. addeham abbazid khilaafathinte sevanathil oru sanjaariyum daivashaasthranjanumaayirunnu enna vasthuthayallathe, 921 nuu munbulla ahamed ibnu fadalanekkurichum addehathinte svayam report cheytha yaathrakalekkurichum valare kurachu maathrame ariyoo.
embassy.
921ll baghdadil ninnu abbazid khaleefa alle-mukthaadiril ninnu almisile volga bulgariayile ilthaabaarilekkulla (khasaarukalkk keezhilulla saamanta rajaavu) oru ambaasadarude sekrattariyaayi ibnu fadlane ayachu.
921 juun 21nuu (11 "suffer" 309) khaleefayude kottaaratthile shandanaaya susanne alle rassiyude neethrthwathilulla oru nayatantra party baghdad vittu. praadhamikamaayi, avarude douthyathinte uddeshyam ippol russiayil volga nadiyude kizhakkan theerathu thamasikkunna aduthide parivartthanam cheyyappetta bulger janathayodu islaamika niyamam vishadeekarikkuka ennathaayirunnu. koodaathe, avarude sathrukkalaaya khasaarukalkkethire sahaayikkanamenn volga bulger rajaavu abhyarthichathinu marupadiyaayaanu embassy ayachathu. ibnu fadlan grouppinte matha upadeshtaavaayum islaamika mathasidhaanthangaludeyum niyamathinteyum pradhana upadeshtaavaayum sevanamanushtichu.
ahamed ibnu fadalan nayatantra party ippol usbekkisthaante bhagamaaya bukharayilekku sthaapitha caravan pathakal upayogichuvenkilum kizhakode aaa vazhi pinthudarunnathinupakaram avar ippol vadakkukizhakkan iraanilekku vadakkott thirinju. caspian kadalinaduthulla gurgan nagaram vittu, avar vividha turkeek janathayude bhoomi kadannu, prathyekichu khaasar khagaanett, kaaspiyante kizhakkan theerathulla oghusu turkukal, yooral nadiyile pechenegs, ippol madhya russiayile bashkirukal, ennaal addehathinte vivaranathinte ettavum valia bhagam russiayk samarppichirikkunnu, athaayath.iii. volga vyapara paathayile varangian (wikings). prathinidhi samgham ekadesham 4000 kilometer (2500 mile) sanjarichathaayi ellaavarum paranju.
922 meyy 12nuu (12 "muharam" aahu 310) ibnu fadlaante prathinidhi volga bulger thalasthaanathetthi. 
avar athiyappol, ibnu fadlan khaleefayil ninnu bulger khaanu ezhuthiya oru kathu urakke vaayikkukayum khaleefayil ninnulla sammanangal addehathinu sammanikkukayum cheythu. bulger bharanaadhikaariyumaayulla koodikkazhchayil, ibnu fadlan khaleefayude kathu kaimariyengilum bulgerukalude shathrukkalkkethire prathirodhamaayi oru kotta nirmmikkunnathinayi khaleefayil ninnu vaagdaanam cheytha panam thannodoppam konduvannilla ennathinu vimarsikkappettu.
ethnographic ezhuthu.
kaiyezhuthuprathi paarambaryam.
valarekkaalamaayi, 1823-ll kristhyan martin fran prasidheekaricha yaakkoothinte bhoomishaasthra nighanduvil (adil, bashgird, bulgarh, khaasar, khwaarijam, roose ennee thalakkettukalkk keezhil) udharanikalaayi kaimaattam cheyyappetta eee vivaranathinte apoornnamaaya oru pathipp maathrame ariyappettirunnulloo.
1923ll maathramaan iraanile mashaadile astane khudsu myoosiyathil sekki velidi togan oru kaiyezhuthuprathi kandethiyathu. rasavi library emm. ezz. 5229 enna kaiyezhuthuprathi pathimoonnaam noottaandil (ezhaam noottaandile hijra) nirmmichathum 420 pejukalullathum (210 folia) aanu. mattu bhoomishaasthraparamaaya grandhangalkku purame, ibnu fadlaante grandhatthinte (pii. pii.) poornnamaaya oru pathipum ithil adangiyirikkunnu. 390-420). 16-aamm noottaandile pershyan bhoomishaasthranjanaaya amin raasiyude "huft ikleem" ("ezhu kaalaavasthakal") enna kruthiyil 5229-ll samrakshikkappedaatha adhika bhagangal udharichittundu.
ibnu fadlaante samboornna report rund srothassukalum rekhappeduthunnathaayi thonnunnilla. yakooth bhagangal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, ibnu fadlan baagdaadilekkulla thante madangivaravu vivarichuvennum ennaal atharam vasthukkal udharichittillennum niravadhi thavana avakaashappedunnu. athesamayam, rasavi library emm. ezz. 5229 leeii vaachakam khasaarukale vivarikkunnathiloode bhaagikamaayi vibhajikkunnu.
volga bulgerukalude kanakk.
ibnu fadlan shradha kendreekaricha volga bulgerukalude sradheyamaaya oru vasham avarude mathavum eee pradeshangalile islam sthaapanavumaayirunnu. saambathikavum sainikavumaaya pinthunaykku pakaramaayi abbasidukalkkulla aadarasoochakamaayi bulger rajaavu mathaparamaya prabodhanam kshanichirunnu, koodaathe "fakhih" enna nilayil ibnu fadlaante dauthyam mathaparivarthanavum nayathanthravumaayirunnu.
udaaharanathinu, ibnu fadlan thante ettumuttalil, volga bulger khaan rund thavana praarthana aavarthichu thante praarthana upadeshangalil oru thettu cheiyunnuvennu vishadeekarikkunnu. khaanum volga bulgerukalum pothuve apoornnavum saidhaanthikamaayi anarogyakaravumaaya islaaminte eathenkilum roopathil acharikkunnu enna vasthuthayekkurichu ibnu fadlan thante valia roshavum veruppum prakadippikkunna paatatthile oru "prakashakaramaaya episode" ennaanu oru pandithan ithine vilikkunnathu. pothuve, ibnu fadlan, islam kaivashappeduthiyathiloodeyum aacharichathiloodeyum thaan abhimukheekaricha madhya eurasiayile janangale amgeekarikkukayum vidhikkukayum cheythu, athodoppam athath samoohathil islaamika vishwaasavum saamoohika aachaaravum upayogappeduthunnathinum nadappilaakkunnathinum valarthunnathinumulla avarude sramangalum nadatthi. thathfalamaayi, ibnu fadlaante pala janangalum samoohangalum "vazhithettippoya kazhuthakaleppoleyaayirunnu. avarkk daivavumaayi mathaparamaya bandhangalilla, avarkk yuktiyumilla ".
russiayude kanakk '.
ibnu fadlaante vivaranathinte ganyamaaya oru bhagam addeham "roose" (roose) allengil "rusiyah" ennu vilicha oru janathayude vivaranathinayi samarppichirikkunnu. ibnu fadlan vivarikkunna aalukalude thirichariyal anishchithathvathilaanenkil, avar saadhaaranayaayi volga vaikkingukalaanennu anumaanikkappedunnu; vyapaarikal scandinavian vamshajaraanenkilum avarude samghathil phiin, slaav, mattullavar ennivarum ulppedunnu. bolgarh campinu sameepamulla naditirat kada sthaapikkunna vyaapaarikalaayaanu roose prathyakshappedunnathu. (eenthappana) eenthappanamarangal pole uyaramullathum, svarnnaniramulla mudiyum, chuvanna charmmavumulla shareerangalaanenn avaye visheshippikkunnu. oororutharkkum "kaalviralukalude agrangal muthal kazhuthu vare" kadum neela allengil kadum pacha "designukal upayogichu pachakuthukayum ellah purushanmarkkum kodali, vaal, neelamulla katthi enniva kaivasham vaykkukayum cheiyunnu.
ibnu fadlan rasine thikanja shaareerika maathrkakal ennum "rusiyyayude" shuchithvam veruppulavaakkunnathum lajjayillaathathumaanennum, prathyekichu laingikathayekkurichu (avar grouppukalil polum parasyamaayi avatharippikkunnu), avaye ashleelavum naveenaatheethavumaanennu kanakkakkunnu. athil, addehathinte vivaranam pershyan sanjaariyaaya ibnu rusthaayude vivaranavumayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu, addehathinte rasinekkurichulla daaranakal kooduthal anukoolamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum yadhaartha grandhangal ibnu fadalaante aakhyaanathin anusrithamaayirikkaamenna bodhapoorvamaaya thettaaya vivarthanamaan ithinu kaaranam. avarude thalavanmaaril oraalude (manushyabali ulppedunna kappal samskaaram) shavasamskaaravum addeham valare vishadamaayi vivarikkunnu. aadhunika balimer samuchayathilaan ithu nadannathennu chila pandithanmaar vishwasikkunnu.
janapriya samskaarathil prathyakshappeduka.
maikkal kriktante 1976 leeii "eettezhs oof dhaa dedd" enna novalile oru pradhana kathapaathramaanu ahamed ibnu fadlan, ithu athinte aadya bhaagangalil ibnu fadlaante rachanakale valareyadhikam aakarshikkunnu. 1999ll purathirangiya "13-aamm yodhaavu" enna novalinte chalachithraavishkaarathil ibnu fadlan enna kathaapaathrathe avatharippikkunnath antonio banderas aanu.
2007leeii syrian television parambarayaaya "sakhf alle-aalam" ennathinte vishayavum ibnu fadlaante yaathrayaan.
magnus chase aandu dhaa gods oof asgard" enna chithratthile pradhana kathaapaathramaaya sameera "saam" alle-abbas avalude vivaahanishchayachadangukaarana aamir fadlan ahamed ibn fadlaante pingaamikalaanennu parayappedunnu.
2003-leeii aanime "planetus" enna pusthakatthil ibn fadlan enna bahiraakaashayaathrikante mrithadeham bahiraakaashathinte aazhangalilekku ayachukondu oru loha shavappettiyil kuzhichidappettu. ennirunnaalum, thaan bahiraakaashath ninnullavanaanennu addeham parayunnuvenkilum, enganeyo addeham thante loka paristhithiyilekku madangukayum bahirakasha avashishtangalayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheythu. oru yadhaartha jeevita yaathrakkaaranenna nilayil ibnu fadlanepole, viramicha bahiraakaashayaathrikan pradhanappetta oru kaaryam parayunnu.

