
glass pookkal

masaachyusetsile kembridjile harward museum oof naachural histtariyile valare yaadhaarthyabodhamulla glass botanical modalukalude oru shekharamaanu plaska glass modalukalude (allengil lalithamaayi glass pookkal) shekharam.
1887 muthal 1936 vare leopold rudolph blaska germmaniyile dresdoninaduthulla hostarvitsile avarude studiyoyil srishticha eee shekharam haarvaardinte botanical myoosiyathinte aadya director jorjju linkon goodell kammeeshan cheyyukayum merii liie ware avarude amma elisabath sii. yum dhanasahayam nalkukayum cheythu. sadhanam. ithil 847 jeeva valippathilulla modalukalum (164 kudumbangalile 780 enangaleyum sasyangalude enangaleyum prathinidheekarikkunnu) sasyabhaagangalum shareeraghadana vibhaagangalum polulla ekadesham 3,000 vishada modalukalum ulppedunnu. 830-ladhikam sasya enangale prathinidheekarikkunna ekadesham 4,400 vyakthigatha glass modalukal eee shekharathil ulppedunnu. modalukalil, 64 glass shilpangal fangasinte phalathe, prathyekichu phytopathogens nadathunna "rosaysii" yude sasyarogangale chithreekarikkunnu.
pashchaathalam.
1863 muthal blaskakalkku samudra akasherukkalude glass modalukal nirmmikkunna oru bisinesses undaayirunnu, avaa oru aagola samrambhathil myusiyangalkkum swakaarya collectormarkkum vilkkunnu (kaanuka).
akkaalat sasyashaasthra maathrkakal amarthukayum shradhaapoorvvam label cheyyukayum pradarshippikkukayum cheythirunnu. amarthunnathiloode maathrkakalude trimana vasham nashtappedukayum munbu jeevichirunna koshangalkk avayude niram nashtappedukayum cheythu. 1886-ll professor goodel blaaskakale sameepichu, avarude samudra maathrkakal kanda sesham, trimaanavum sthirathayullathumaaya niramulla harwardinaayi glass botanical maathrkakal nirmmikkaan avarodu aavasyappedaan dresdonylake pooyi. leopold madichuninnuvenkilum oduvil chila sample modalukal nirmmikkaan sammathichu, avaa achaarangalil moshamaayi nasippikkappettenkilum sasyashaasthra adhyaapanathile avayude moolyathekkurichu gudeline bodhyappedutthi.
padhathikku dhanasahayam nalkunnathinaayi goodale thante muun vidyaarthi merii liie veyarineyum amma elisabath sii. yeyum sameepichu. ithinakam thanne haarvaardinte botanical departmentinte udara gunabhokthaakkalaayirunna ware. yadhaartha krameekaranam (1887-ll) blaaskakal eee padhathiyil pakuthi samayam pravartthikkumennu vyavastha cheythirunnuvenkilum 1890-ll oru puthiya krameekaranam avare muzhuvan samaya jolikkayi kshanichu. 1936 vare eee jolie thudarnnu, aaa samayat leopold elisabath marichu.
eee shekharam aupachaarikamaayi doow. merii, elisabath ware ennivarude maranapetta pithavum bharthaavumaanu yathaakramam chaals eliot ware.
modalukal.
vayar sapporttukalulla glass (aantharikamo baahyamo), pasha, vividha jaiva maadyamangal, peyint allengil inaamal niram ennivayaanu modalukal. boosttan globe" avare "shareeraghadanayil thikanjavar ennum, sramikkukayum paraajayappedukayum cheytha ellah glass thozhilaallikalum kanakkiledukkumbol, punarnirmmikkaanaavaathvar" ennum vilichittundu."
blashkakal ippol nashtappetta rahasya saankethikavidyakal upayogichuvennu palappozhum parayappedunnu; vaasthavathil avarude saankethikavidyakal akkaalat saadhaaranamaayirunnu, ennaal avarude vaidagdhyam, utsaaham, jeevithathil avarude vishayangalekkurichulla sookshumamaaya padanavum nireekshanavum asaadhaaranamaayirunnu, ithu kudumba paarambaryavumaayi leopold merii liie veyarinu ezhuthiya kathil parayunnu "pettennu eee roopangalilekku glass njekkippidikkaan kazhiyunna chila rahasya upakaranangal namukkundennu palarum karuthunnu... kazhivulla oru glass modelerakanulla eaka maargam, njaan palappozhum aalukalodu paranjittundu, glass eshtappedunna oru nalla muthumuthachane kandethuka ennathaanu."
blaaskakalude praadhamika saankethikavidya vilakku panikalaayirunnu, athil call upayogichu pravartthikkunna shabdangalil ninnu vaayu niraykkunna oru jwaalaykk mukalil glass urukki, thudarnnu pinch cheyyaano valicano muricano upakaranangal upayogichu roopappeduthunnu; roopangalum oothi. avarude pazhaya reethiyilulla bohemian vilakku working table museum pradarshanatthinte bhagamaanu.
varshangal kazhiyunthorum rudolph muzhuvan ulppaadana prakriya kooduthal kooduthal thante vyakthiparamaaya niyanthranathilaakki, oduvil swantham glass kalarantukalum polum nirmmichu.
sasyashaasthranjanaaya donald snell eee modalukale "akarshakam" ennu vilikkukayum, thaan svakaaryamaayi anumaanicha oru prathyeka plaantukalude vishadaamshangal paraganam cheyyumbol oru theneechayude perumaattatthinte prasidheekarikkappedaathu vishadaamshangal eee modalukal vishwasthathayode chithreekarikkunnuvennu kandethunnathile thante athbhutham vivarikkukayum cheiyunnu.
whitehouse small ezhuthi, "blasca modalukalude roopakalppanayilum nirmmaanatthilum unnatham innuvareyulla ellah aadhunika model nirmmaanatheyum marikadakkunnu, blaaskakalude naipunyavum kalayum nithyathayil samaadhaanathilaan."
pothujanangalude prathikaranam.
boosttan pradeshathe ettavum prashasthamaaya vinodasanjaara aakarshanangalilonnaan glass pookkal. prathivarsham 210,000-thiladhikam sandarshakar eee shekharam kaanunnu. 1936ll harward athinte triyaandaam vaarshikathodulla aadarasoochakamaayi campus sandarshikkaan pothujanangale kshanichappol, paryadanam nadathunna oru "newyork times" reporter abhiprayappettu, "triyaandaam vaarshikamo illayo, thaalpparyatthinte pradhana shradha prashasthamaaya glass pookkalaanu, avayil aadyathethu 1893ll pradarshanatthinu vachirunnu, athinusesham edavelakalil kootticherkkalukalode, sandarshakaril ninnu athbhuthathinteyo avishwaasathinteyo vismayam aakarshikkunnathil orikkalum parajayappettitla."pala sandarshakarum thudakkathil glass pookkal yadhaarthavum jaivavumaaya sasyangalaanennu vishwasikkukayum exhibishanil praveshikkukayo pogukayo cheytha udan thanne" glass pookkal evideyaanu?"
kuranjathu rund kavithakalenkilum pookkal ulkkollunnu
maarkk dotty (2008-leeii kavithaykkulla deseeya pusthaka award jethaav), "glass pookkaludeyum pazhangaludeyum shekharam, harward museum", "mye alexandria", 1993,
nishabdatha" ennu marian muur oru kavithayil ezhuthi.

