philipp symbardo

oru american psychologistum stanford sarvakalaashaalayile professorumaanu philipp jorjju symbardo (jananam march 23,1933). 1971 leeii stanford jayil pareekshanatthiloode addeham prashasthanaayi, athu pinneedu dhaarmikavum shaasthreeyavumaaya kaaranangalal kadutha vimarsikkappettu. koleju vidyaarthikalkkaayi vividha aamukha manahshaasthra paatapusthakangalum "lucifer ephakt", "time paradox", "time cure" ennivayulppede mattu sradheyamaaya kruthikalum addeham rachichittundu. veerochithamaaya bhavana padhathiyude sthaapakanum prasidantumaanu addeham.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1933 march 23 nuu newyork nagaratthil sisiliyile kammarattayil ninnulla itaaliyan kudiyettakkaarude oru kudumbathilaanu symbardo janichathu. jeevithathinte thudakkathil thanne addeham vivechanavum munvidhikalum anubhavichu, kshemathil daridranaayum itaaliyanaayum valarnnu. juthanmaar, puerto rican, karuthavarggakkaar thudangiya mattu vamshangaleyum vamshangaleyum kurichu addehathe palappozhum thettidharippichirunnu. jeevithathinte aadyakaala anubavangal aalukalude perumaattathekkurichu thanikk jijnaasayundaakkiyennum pinneedu skoolile thante gaveshanathe swaadheenichuvennum symbardo paranju.
addeham bii. poortthiyaakki.eiii. 1954ll brooklin collegil ninnu manahshaasthram, saamoohyashaasthram, naravamshashaasthram ennivayil triple mejar birudam nedi, avide addeham "summa kamm laudu" birudam nedi. addeham emm poortthiyaakki.ezz. (1955), piechu.dii. (1959) yaale sarvakalashaalayil ninnu manahshaasthrathil, avide neel iii. miller addehathinte upadeshtaavaayirunnu. yalel padikkumbol addeham saha biruda vidyaarthi rooss abdelnarine vivaham kazhichu; avarkk 1962 ll oru makan janikkukayum 1971 ll vivaahamochanam nedukayum cheythu.
1959 muthal 1960 vare addeham yelil padippichu. 1960 muthal 1967 vare addeham newyork yooniversitti koleju oof arts aandu sayansil saikkolaji professoraayirunnu. 1967 muthal 1968 vare addeham columbia sarvakalashaalayil padippichu. 1968ll addeham stanford sarvakalaashaalayile faakkalttiyil chernnu.
stanford jayil patanam.
pashchaathalam.
1971ll, stanford sarvakalashaalayil saikkolaji professoraayi symbardo oru kaalavadhi sweekarichu. yuu. esil ninnulla sarkkar graantumaayi.ezz. naavika gaveshanathinte offeesaaya addeham stanford jayil patanam nadatthi, athil purusha koleju vidyaarthikale thiranjedutthu (75 apekshakarude koottatthil ninnu).
maanasikaarogya parishodhanaykk sesham, baakkiyullavare staanfordile saikkolaji kettidatthinte basementil sthithi cheiyunna oru mookk jayilil "thadavukaar" allengil "gaardukal" aayi kramarahithamayi niyamichu. 
thadavukaare karutha urukk kavaadangalulla 6 '× 9' sellil othukki. oro sellilum oru kattilaayirunnu furniture. otappetta thadavu oru cheria alamarayayirunnu.
oru thadavukaarano jayil gardo aakunnathinte (kramarahithamayi niyogikkappetta) vidyaarthiyude maanasika swaadheenam vilayiruthuka ennathaayirunnu stanford jayil padanathinaayulla symbardo lakshyam.
stanford warta sevanathil ninnulla 1997 leeii oru lekhanam pareekshanatthinte lakshyangal kooduthal vishadamaayi vivarichu
saadhaaranakkaare pinthirippikkunna rolukal, niyamangal, chinnangal, group aidantitti, perumaattatthinte saahacharyaparamaaya moolyanirnnayam ennivayude shakthiyil shradha kendreekarikkuka ennathaayirunnu pareekshanam nadathunnathinulla symbardo praadhamika kaaranam. "anjjaatharaayi thonnunna saahacharyangalil saadhaaranakkaare athikkunnathiloodeyo mattullavare manushyarekkaal kuravaakkunna vidhathil, shathrukkalaayo vasthukkalaayo avarkk manassilakkaan kazhiyunna vidhathil avare saamoohika virudha pravarthanangalil earppeduthaan eluppamaakkunna tharatthil njaan kurachu varshangalayi gaveshanam nadathunnundaayirunnu", symbardo 1996 venalkkaalath torrento simposiyathil paranju.
pareekshanam.
kaavalkkaarum thadavukaarum thammilulla tharkkangalkk madhyasthatha vahikkaan kazhiyunna "jayil sooprandinte" punk vahichukondu symbardo thanne padanatthil pankedutthu. thadavukaare niyantrikkaanulla vazhikal shaareerika akramathiloodeyalla, marichu mattu thanthrangal upayogichum, peedanam, urakkamillaayma, eakaantha thadavu thudangiya shikshakal enniva upayogichu kandethaan addeham kaavalkkaarkk nirddesham nalki. pinneedu pareekshanatthil, chila kavalkkar kooduthal akramaasaktharaayitheernpol, thadavukaarude kattilukal (avarkk tharayil urangendivannu) eduthukondupoyi, avarude cellukalil sookshichirikkunna bakkattukal shouchaalayangalaayi upayogikkaan nirbandhikkukayum, thudarnnu bakkattukal shoonyamaakkaan anumathi nirasikkukayum cheythu, mattu kaavalkkaarum symbardo edapettilla. thangalude pravrithikal nireekshikkappettuvennum ennaal shaasikkappettittilnum arinja kavalkkar atharam pravarthanangalkku thangalkk parokshamaaya amgeekaaramundennu karuthi.
symbardo enthaanu sambhavikkaan aagrahikkunnathenn thangalkkariyamennum athu sambhavikkaan avar paramavadhi sramichuvennum niravadhi gaardukal pinneedu abhimukhangalil abhimukham nadathunnavarodu paranju.
padanatthinte rund divasathil thaazhe, oru thadavukaaran vishaadam, aniyanthrithamaaya kopam, mattu maanasika vaikalyangal enniva anubhavikkunnathayi nadichu. mattu thadavukaarkku munnil nilavilikkukayum asthiramaayi pravartthikkukayum cheytha sesham thadavukaarane oduvil vittayachu. schoolil shradha kendreekarikkunnathinaayi neratthe padanatthil ninnu purathukadakkaan vendiyaanu thaan eee "thakarcha" vyaajamaakkiyathenn addeham pinneedu velippeduthi. eee thadavukaarane pakaram mattoru thadavukaarane niyamichu.
phalangal.
padanatthinte avasaanathode, kavalkkar avarude ellah thadavukaarudeyum mail poornna niyanthranam nedukayum avarude adikaaram athinte paramavadhi upayogikkukayum cheythu. oru thadavukaaran nirahara samarathinu polum pooyirunnu. addeham bhakshanam kazhikkaan visammathichappol, kavalkkar addehathe moonnu manikkoor eakaantha thadavil paarppichu (avarude swantham niyamangal oru thadavukaaranu eakaantha thadavil kazhiyaanulla paridhi oru manikkoor maathramaanennu paranjirunnuvenkilum). mattu thadavukaar eee thadavukaarane oru naayakanayi kaanunnathinum addehathinte panimudakkil pinthudarunnathinum pakaram, avan oru mosham thadavukaaranum prashnamundaakkunnayalum aanennu avar orumichu mudraavaakyam vilichu. thadavukaarum kaavalkkaarum avarude rolukalumaayi athivegam poruthappedukayum pravachichathinte athirukalkkappurathekku chuvaduvekkukayum apakadakaravum maanasikamaayi doshakaravumaaya saahacharyangalilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. symbardo thanne saahacharyathinte rolukalkku vazhangithudangi. manahshaasthrathil doktarettu nediya kamukiyum bhaavi bharyayumaaya kristeena muslack padanatthinte yaadhaarthyam addehathinu kaanikkendivannu. mikka aalukalum vilamathikkunnathinekkaal saahacharyangalkk nammude perumaattatthil sakthamaaya swaadheenam cheluthaan kazhiyum, kurachu aalukal maathrame athu thirichariyunnulloo" ennathaanu padanatthil ninnulla sandesham ennu symbardo prathifalippikkunnu."
padanatthinte avasaanathil, ellah thadavukaareyum mochippikkukayum kaavalkkaare vittayakkukayum cheytha sesham, ellaavareyum moolyanirnnayathinum parasparam thurannuparayaanumayi ore muriyilekku thirike konduvannu. padanatthe chuttipattiyulla dhaarmika aashankakal palappozhum 1961 ll yaale sarvakalashaalayil symbardo muun haiskool suhruthaaya staanli milgram nadatthiya milgram pareekshanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthunnu.
aduthide, naise sarvakalaashaalayile tibolt leeii texier veediyokal, recordingukal, symbardo kaiyyaksara kurippukal ennivayulppede pareekshanatthinte aarkkaivukal parisodhikkukayum "pareekshanam enthu phalangal nalkumennu gaardukalkk ariyamaayirunnu" ennu vaadikkukayum cheythu... eee rogakariyaaya saamoohika anthareekshathodu swamedhayaa prathikarikkunnathil ninnu maari, athu engane srishtikkaamennathinu gaardukalkk vyakthamaaya nirddeshangal nalki... krithyamaaya nirddeshangal nalkunnathino pareekshanatthinte uddeshyangal ormmikkunnathino allengil oru pothu disha nischayikkunnathino pareekshakaraaya aalukal pareekshanatthil nerittu edapettu...avarude poornna pankaalittham nedunnathinaayi, kaavalkkaare thante gaveshana sahaayikalaanennu vishwasippikkaan symbardo uddeshichu.". franch bhashayil addehathinte yadhaartha prasidheekaranam muthal, leeii texierinte aropanangal amerikkayile shaasthra aashayavinimayakkar etteduthittundu. humankind-eiii opttishan histtari" (2020) enna thante pusthakatthil charitrakaaranaaya rutter brugman eee pareekshanam muzhuvan vyaajavum vanchana niranjathumaanenna aaropanam choondikkaanikkunnu; aalukal thinmaykku eluppathil vazhangunnathayi kaanikkan eee pareekshanam palappozhum oru udaaharanamaayi upayogikkappedunnuvennu brugman vaadichu, ennaal symbardo kavalkkarodu avar cheythathupole pravartthikkaan paranjuvenna vasthuthayekkurichu thurannuparayunnathinekkaal kuravaanu. aduthide, oru apa saikkolaji lekhanam eee kruthi vishadamaayi avalokanam cheyyukayum symbardo gaardukale avar cheythathupole pravartthikkaan prothsaahippichuvennu nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu, athinaal eee swabhaavam svanthamaayi prathyakshappedunnathinum, ithu symbardoyanu srishtichathu.
abu gharib jayilil thadavukaar peedippikkappedunnu.
stanford jayil pareekshanatthil pankedutthavarude perumattavum abu gharaibile thadavukaarodulla durupayogavum thammilulla naadakeeyamaaya drishya samaanathakale symbardo prathifalippikkunnu. chila dushta sainikar kaaranamaan sambhavangal nadannathennum athu sainyathe prathifalippikkunnillum joyint cheefs oof staafinte chairman general myers avakaashappedunnathu addeham amgeekarichilla. pakaram sainikar neritta sahacharyam addeham parishodhichu eee sahacharyam avar prakadippicha perumaattathinu kaaranamayirikkaanulla saadhyatha pariganichu. durupayogam cheiyunnavar "mosham apple" allennum shaareerikamaayum maanasikamayum aarogyamulla aalukal krooramaayi perumaarukayum thadavukaare krooramaayi peedippikkukayum cheiyunna stanford jayil patanam poleyulla oru saahacharyathilaanennum addeham anumaanichukondu aarambhichu. avar vishadeekarikkaan kazhiyaathavaraano, namukk avare manassilakkaan kazhiyille" enna chodyam chodichukondu eee aalukal aaraanenn manasilakkaan sramikkunnathil symbardo muzhuki. ithu "lucifer ephakt" enna pusthakam ezhuthaan addehathe prerippichu.
"lucifer prabhavam". "
"stanford jayil pareekshanatthile addehathinte kandethalukalkk marupadiyaayaanu "lucifer ephakt" ezhuthiyathu. akramaasakthamo vidheyamo aaya pravartthanangal engane prakadamaakunnu ennathil vyakthithva savisheshathakalkk oru pankundennu symbardo vishwasikkunnu. manushyare nanmayo thinmayo ennu nirvachikkaan kazhiyillennu pusthakatthil symbardo parayunnu, kaaranam saahacharyathinte kaikalil prathyekichum pravarthikkaanulla kazhivu namukkund. abu gharib thadankal kendratthil nadanna sambhavangal udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu, athil gaari myers ulppedeyulla prathirodha samgham thadavukaare shaareerikavum maanasikavumayi durupayogam cheythathil jayil gaardukalum chodyam cheyyal udyogastharum allah, marichu bush administration nayangal svayam aanennu vaadichu. symbardo abhipraayathil, "nalla aalukale prerippikkaanum vasheekarikkaanum thinmayulla reethiyil perumaranum aarambhikkaanum kazhiyum. vyakthigatha vyakthithvathinteyum swabhaavathinteyum daarmmikathayudeyum sthirathayeyum sthirathayeyumkkurichul nammude bodhathe velluvilikkunna vidhathil manushyaprakrithiye badhikkunna 'motham saahacharyangalil' muzhukumbol yuktirahithavum viddithavum svayam nasippikkunnathum saamoohikavirudhavum budhiyillaathathumaaya reethikalil pravartthikkaan avare nayikkam."(symbardo, lucifer ephakt, p. 211)
dhii jenal oof dhii american medical association" enna prasidheekaranathil "thinmayude vazhuvazhupp" ennu vilikkunna ezhu saamoohika prakriyakalundu
samayam.
2008-ll, symbardo joonn boidinoppam time perspective sidhaanthathekkurichum symbardo time perspective inventariyekkurichum (ztpi) "time paradoxa dhii nyoo saikkolaji oof time dattu chenchu yuvar life" enna pusthakatthil prasidheekarichu. 2009-ll addeham richard vaal kandumuttukayum time perspective sidhaanthathe oru klinikkal therapiyaakki maattaan sahakarikkukayum naalu varshathe pailat patanam aarambikkukayum time perspective therapy sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 2009-ll symbardo time perspective sidhaanthathekkurichu "dhii saikkolaji oof time" enna thante tedu prabhashanam nadatthi. eee tedu toock anusarichu, bhootakaala positteev tii. pii. (samaya veekshanakosham), bhootakaala negatteevu tii. pii., varthamaanakaala bhogavaadam tii. pii., varthamaanakaala jeevacharitram tii. pii., bhaavi jeevita lakshya-adhishtitha tii. pii., bhaavi divyamaaya tii. pii. enningane aarr vyathyastha samaya veekshanangalund.
2012ll symbardo richard vaalum bhaarya rosemary chernnu "dhii time cure" enna pusthakam rachichu."
porchugalile coyambra sarvakalashaalayil nadanna aadya anthaaraashtra time perspective konfaransil symbardoyumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthukayum kandumuttukayum cheytha psychotherapist martin shiran vikasippichedutha poses button theraappiyumaayi time perspective therapic saamyamund. eee vishayathekkurichulla shiraante pusthakatthinte randaam pathippinte aamukham symbardoyanu ezhuthiyathu.
veerochithamaaya bhavana padhathi.
2014 leeii kanakkanusarichu dainamdina jeevithathil veerathvam prolsaahippikkunnathi samarppichirikkunna laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna samghadanayaaya veerochithamaaya bhavana padhathiyude (hip) sthaapakanum director enna nilayil symbardo dainamdina veerathvathinaayulla oru prasthaanatthinu neethrthwam nalkunnu. vyakthikal akramasakthamaaya perumaattatthil engane maattam varuthunnu ennu nannayi manassilakkaanulla shramathil muun american samghaamgangalil ninnum theevravaadavumaayi munkaala bandhamullah vyakthikalil ninnum thaarathamyam cheiyunnathinaayi padhathi nilavil daatta shekharikkukayaanu. ronnie berger, yottam heinberg, leonard bekkam ennivaraanu padhathiyude eee gaveshana bhaagathinu neethrthwam nalkunnathu. 2011ll seno franco kaathi blouvum chernnu "review oof general saikkolaji" enna lekhanathil addeham dheerathayeyum paropakaaratheyum ethirkkunna oru lekhanam prasidheekarichu.
soshyal intensity syndrome (ezz. aii. ezz).
2008-ll symbardo saaraa brunskill, aanthani ferreiras ennivarumaayi chernnu soshyal intensity syndrome (sis) enna puthiya sidhaanthathil pravartthikkaan thudangi. sajeevamaaya sainikarudeyum vettaranmaarudeyum saamoohikavalkkaranathil sainika samskaaram cheluthunna swaadheenangale vivarikkunnathinum saadhaaranavalkkarikkunnathum upayogicha oru puthiya padamaanu sis. symbardo brunskillum 2013-ll paashchaathya manahshaasthra associationil nadatthiya sarveykkoppam puthiya sidhaanthavum praadhamika ghadaka vishakalanavum avatharippichu. 2013 desemberil oru paryavekshana ghadaka ghadaka vishakalanam, sthireekarana ghadaka vishakalanam, aantharika sthiratha, saadhuta parisodhanakal ennivayiloode brunskill vivara shekharanam poortthiyaakki. sainika saamoohikavalkkaranam alakkunnathinulla vishwasaneeyavum saadhuthayullathumaaya nirmmithiyaan sis ennu theliyichu.
mattu sramangal.
jayil pareekshanatthinu sesham, aalukale sahayikkaan manahshaasthram upayogikkaavunna vazhikal kandethaan symbardo theerumaanichu; ithu muthirnnavarilum kuttikalilum lajjakaramaaya perumaattam kaikaaryam cheiyunna kaaliforniyayile menlo parkkil lajja clinic sthaapikkunnathilekku nayichu. lajjayekkurichulla symbardo gaveshanam eee vishayathil ettavum kooduthal vittazhikkappedunna niravadhi pusthakangalkk kaaranamaayi. addeham gaveshanam nadatthiya mattu vishayangalil manassinte niyanthranam, saamskaarika perumaattam enniva ulppedunnu.
pala american biruda manahshaasthra kozhsukalilum upayogikkunna "saikkolaji aandu life" enna aamukha manahshaasthra paatapusthakatthinte saha-rachayithaavaan symbardo. pala koleju telecoursukalilum upayogikkunna "discovering saikkolaji" enna peril oru pbs tivi parambarayum addeham avatharippichu.
2004ll symbardo ezz. jii. tiyude court marshyalil prathirodhatthinu vendi saakshyappeduthi. abu gharib jaile kaavalkkaranaaya ivaan "chipp" frederic. thadavinte sakthamaaya saahacharya sammarddangale, prathyekichu sariyaaya pariseelanavum melnottavum illaathe, cherukkaan kazhiyunna chila vyakthikal kuravaanennu vishadeekarichukondu, laghookarikkunna saahacharyangal kaaranam fredericinte shiksha kuraykkanamennu addeham vaadichu. jadji symbardo saakshyam avaganikkukayum fredericinu paramavadhi 8 varshathe shiksha nalkukayum cheythu. frederic kesil pankedutthathiloode nediya arivu upayogichu symbardo abu gharaibum jayil pareekshanangalum thammilulla bandhathekkurichu "lucifer ifakttu nalla aalukal engane thinmayaakkunnuvenn manasilakkuka" enna peril oru puthiya pusthakam ezhuthi.
berkleyile california sarvakalaashaalayile grettar good sayans sentar prasidheekaricha grettar good maasikayil symbardo rachanakal prathyakshappettu. anukamba, paropakaaram, samadhaanaparamaaya manushyabandhangal ennivayude verukalekkurichulla shaasthreeya gaveshanathinte vyaakhyaanam symbardo sambhaavanakalil ulppedunnu. grettar good maasikayile addehathinte ettavum puthiya lekhanam "dheerathayude shoonyatha" enna thalakkettilaanu, ithu saadhaaranakkaarkku engane dainamdina naayakanmaraakaan kazhiyumennu parishodhikkunnu. 2010 februvariyil, nanma, thinma, dainamdina veeryam ennee ardhavathaaya oru jeevita seminaarinte shaasthrathil symbardo oru athidhi avatharakanaayirunnu, oppam grettar good sayans sentar executive director datcher keltnarum.
2003ll audyogikamaayi viramicha symbardo, 2007 march march stanford kaambasil thante avasana "manushyaprakrithi paryavekshanam" prabhashanam nadatthi, 50 varshathe adhyapanajeevitham avasaanippichu. stanford yooniversitti school oof medisinil saikyatri professoraaya david spiegel symbardo "oru itihaasa adhyaapakan" ennu visheshippichu, "saamoohika swaadheenangalekkurichu naam chinthikkunna reethiye addeham maattiyittund" ennu paranju."
2007 march 29 nuu joonn stuvarttinoppamulla dinapatra paripadi, 2008 februvari 11 nuu colbert report, doow. 2010 october 25 nuu phil.
bheeshanippeduthal virudha samghadanayude kaazhchakkaarante viplavathinte upadeshtaavaayi symbardo pravartthikkunnu, koodaathe kaazhchakkaarante prabhavam vishadeekarikkunathinum nishkriyathvathinte thinma charcha cheiyunnathinum samghadanayude veediyokalil prathyakshappedunnu.
2003 muthal, corleon, kammaratta ennividangalil ninnulla akkaadamikamaayi prathibhaashaalikalaaya vidyaarthikalkku scholarship nalkunna steevu luzo, praadeshika director ennivarumaayi chernnu symbardo-luzo fandiloode symbardo grameena sisiliyil jeevakaarunya, saambathika pravarthanangalil sajeevamaan.
2015-ll, symbardo "maan (diss) connecteda engane saankethikavidya purushan ennathinte ardham attimarichu" enna oru pusthakam saha-rachichu, ithu purushanmaar samoohathil ninnu kooduthal vichedikkappedunnu enna oru prabandhathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi gaveshanam shekharichu. rund maathaapithaakkalude kudumbangalude abhavavum sthree kendreekritha school vidyaabhyaasavum viidiyoo geyim asaktio ashleela asaktio apakadathilaakki, phalatthil jeevikkunnath kooduthal aakarshakamaakkiyenn addeham vaadikkunnu.
amgeekaaram.
2012ll, saikkolaji shaasthrathile aajeevanantha nettatthinulla american psychological foundeshan swarnna medel symbardoic labhichu.
2011ll vaarsoyile swaps sarvakalashaalayil ninnu addehathinu oonarari doktarettu birudam labhichu.
2003ll symbardoic roome laa sapiansa sarvakalaashaalayile pandithanmaraya jian vittoriyo kaapraraykkum cladio barberanellic "raashtreeyakkaarude athulyamaaya lalithamaaya vyakthithvangal" enna reportinu manashaasthrathinulla parihasyamaaya igg nobal award labhichu.

