
bilyan dollar

madhya proterosoic, bhoomiyude madhyakaalakhattam ennariyappedunna boaring bilyan, 1.8 muthal 0.8 bilyan varshangalkk munbulla (gaa) madhya proterosoic eoinil vyaapichukidakkunna kaalayalavaanu, ithu erekkure tectonic sthiratha, kalavastha staasis, mandagathiyilulla jaiva parinamam ennivayude savisheshathayaanu. rund vyathyastha ooksijan, glacial sambhavangalaal athirthi pankidunna eee bilyaninu thanne valare kuranja ooksijan nilayum glaciationte thelivukalumillaayirunnu.
pradhaanamaayum anoxygenic purple bakteeriyakalaal niranjathum, vellathinu pakaram hydrajan sulfide (echu2ezz) upayogikkukayum ooksijanu pakaram sulfur ulppaadippikkukayum cheiyunna oru tharam photosynthetic baakteeriyaya sulphidic (euxinia), ooksijan, poshakangal enniva kuravullathum aayirikkam samudrangal. ithu canfield ooshyan ennaanu ariyappedunnathu. atharam ghadana samudrangal neelaykku pakaram karuppum paal-turcois aakaan kaaranamaayirikkam.
atharam prathikoola saahacharyangal undaayirunnittum, yookkariyottukal boaring billyante thudakkathil parinamichirikkaam, koodaathe vividha oorganellukal, multicellulaaritti, orupakshe laingika prathyulppaadanam thudangiya niravadhi puthiya poruthappedutthalukal sweekarikkukayum eee samaya edavelayude avasaanathil sasyangal, mrugangal, fangasukal ennivayaayi vaividhyavalkkarikkappedum cheythu. atharam munnettangal pinneedu ediyaakaaran, phenerosoic kaalaghattangalil valuthum sankeernavumaaya jeevithathinte parinaamatthinte pradhana mungaamikalaayirikkaam. ennirunnaalum, procariotic cyanobacteriakal eee samayat prabalamaaya jeevaroopangalaayirunnu, koodaathe uyarnna thalatthil kurachu prottistukalulla oorjja-daridramaaya bhakshana-shringalaye pinthunaykkunnu. procariotic cyanobacteriakalum eucariotic proto-lichanukalum eee bhoomiyil adivasichirunnathaayi karuthappedunnu, randaamathethu ivide kooduthal vijayakaramaayath samudratheerathe jalathekkaal poshakangalude labhyatha kaaranam aayirikkam.
vivaranam.
1995ll jiyolajistukalaaya rogger beauk, davis dess marais, andrew noll ennivar 1.6 muthal 1 bilyan varshangalkk munbu (gaa) mesoproterosoic kaalaghattatthile pradhana jaiva, bhoomishaasthra, kalavastha sambhavangalude prakadamaaya abhavam avalokanam cheyyukayum angane athine "bhoomiyude charithratthile ettavum mandamaaya samayam" ennu visheshippikkukayum cheythu. jio kemikkal staasisum glacial sthambhanavum ulla ekadesham 2 muthal 1 gaa vareyulla samayathe soochippikkunnathinaayi paleantologist martin brassier "boaring bilyan" enna padam srishtichu. 2013ll jio kemist graant yang "vandhya bilyan" enna padam upayogichathu thelinja himanirapp sthambhanathinteyum kaarban isotope yaathrakalude abhaavathinteyum 1.8 muthal 0.8 gaa vareyulla kaalaghattatthe soochippikkunnu. 2014-ll, bhoogarbhashaasthranjaraaya peettar cavud kriss hoxworth tectonic chalanatthinte thelivukalude abhavam kaaranam 1.7 num 0.75 gaykkum edayilulla samayathe "bhoomiyude madhyakaalakhattam" ennu vilichu.
pradhaanamaayum mesoproterosoic, proterosoic eoinil adangiyirikkunna 1.8 muthal 0.8 gaa vare vyaapichukidakkunna bilyan aanu ippol pradhaanamaayum udharikkunnathu. kuranja poshaka samriddhiyulla bhoomishaasthraparavum kaalavasthaaparavum valia parinamaparamaaya avasthayumaanu eee bilyan bilyan enna boringinte savisheshatha.
boaring bilyan vareyulla samayat, ooksijan prakaashasamsleshitha cyanobacteriakalude parinamam, thathfalamaayundaakunna haronian glaciation (snoball erthu), yuvi-blocking oosoon paaliyude roopeekaranam, niravadhi lohangalude ooksideshan enniva kaaranam bhoomi valia ooksijaneshan sambhavam anubhavichu. boaring bilyan samayat ooksijan alavu valia ooksideshan sambhavathekkaal valare kuravaayirunnuvennu karuthappedunnu, orupakshe aadhunika nilavaaratthinte 0.1 muthal 10 sathamaanam vare. tonian (1000-720 Ma) kaalaghattatthil suuppar bhookhandamaaya rodiniyayude thakarcha, randaamathe ooksijan ghadana, cryogenian kaalaghattatthile mattoru snoball erthu ennivayiloodeyaanu ithu avasaanichathu.
tectonic staasis.
bhoomiyude jaivamandalathinteyum anthareekshathinteyum jalamandalathinteyum parinamam bhookhandangal onnikkukayum pinneedu verpiriyukayum cheiyunna suuppar bhookhanda chakravumaayi valarekkaalamaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. boaring bilyan rund suuppar bhookhandangalude parinaamathinu saakshyam vahichu columbia (allengil noona), rodinia.
2 muthal 1.7 gaa vare roopappetta suuppar bhookhandamaaya columbia kuranjathu 1.3 gaa vare kedukoodaathe thudarnnu. bhoomishaasthraparavum paleomagnetic thelivukalum soochippikkunnathu kolambiyayil cheria mattangal maathrame sambhavichittulloo ennathinaal suuppar bhookhandamaaya rodinia 1.1 muthal 0.9 gaa vare roopappettu ennaanu. palio geographic punarnirmmaanangal soochippikkunnathu suuppar bhookhandam samasheethoshna, mitasheetoshna kalavastha mekhalakalilaanu sthithi cheythirunnathennum dhruvapradesangalil bhookhanda shakalangalkk thelivukal kuravo illayo ennum soochippikkunnu.
villalukalude falamaayi sambhavikkaanirunna avashishtangalude (nishkriya arikukalil) thelivukalude abhavam kaaranam, suuppar bhookhandam orupakshe takarnnilla, marichu ithu kevalam orumichulla proto bhookhandangaludeyum kraattanukaludeyum samyojanamaayirunnu. rodinia, north laurentiayil 1.25 gaa, kizhakkan baltikkayilum thekkan cyberiayilum 1 gaa roopappedunnathuvare villalukalude thelivukalonnumilla. 0. 75 gaa vare verpiriyal nadannilla, ithu boradippikkunna bilyaninte avasaanathe adayaalappeduthunnu. eee tectonic staasis samudrathilum anthareeksha rasathanthrathilum bandhappettirikkam.
tectonic plettukal pradhaanamaayum pongukayum chuttikkarangukayum cheiyunna bhoomiyude aavaranathinte urukia paali-austinosphere eee samayat aadhunika plate tectonics nilanirthaan kazhiyaathathra choodullathaayirikkaam. subduction sonukalil sakthamaaya plate recyclinginu pakaram, maandil vendathra thanuppikkunnathuvare kodikkanakkinu varshangalolam plettukal orumichu bandhippichirunnu. plate tectonicsinte eee gadakathinte arambham puramthodinte thanuppum katiyum sahaayichittundaakam, athu orikkal aarambhichukazhinjaal, boaring bilyaninte avasaanathil sambhavikkunna plate subductione asaadhaaranamaayi sakthamaakki.
ennirunnaalum, maddhya australian musgrave pravishyayude roopeekaranam (magma ploom vazhi) 1.22 muthal 1.12 gaa vareyum, kaanadayile mackenzie valia ignius pravishya 1.27 gaa vareyum polulla pradhana magmetic sambhavangal ippozhum sambhavichu. parvathangal nirmmikkaan plate tectonics ippozhum sajeevamaayirunnu, grenaville orojeni ulppede niravadhi orojenikal akkaalat sambhavichu.
kalavastha sthiratha.
eee kaalayalavil kalavastha vyathiyaanathin kaaryamaaya thelivukal illa. suuryan innathethinekkaal prakaashashoonyanaayathinaal kaalavastha praadhamikamaayi sooryaprakaashathaal nirnnayikkappettilla, pakshe bhoomiyude kaalavastha ganyamaayi thanuppullathaayirunnuvenna thelivukalonnumilla. vaasthavathil, bhoomiyude bhoomishaasthraparamaaya charithratthinte mattu bhaagangalil pathivayi nireekshikkaan kazhiyunna deerghakaala himanadikalkku eee bilyan bilyaninu thelivukalonnumilla. uyarnna kaarban dye ooksaid choodaakkunnathinu oru pradhana chaalakashakthiyaakumaayirunniru, kaaranam thaapanila vyaavasaayika kaalaghattatthinu munbulla alavinekkaal 30 muthal 100 madangu vare kooduthalaayirikkukayum aise roopappedunnathu thadayunnathinu ganyamaaya samudra acidification srishtikkukayum cheiyumaayirunnu, athum sambhavichilla. mesoproterosoic kaarban dye ooksaidinte alavu phenerosoic iyonumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunnatha, orupakshe aadhunika nilayekkaal 7 muthal 10 madangu vare kooduthalaayirikkaam ithu. eee kaalayalavil ninnulla manjinte aadya record 2020 ll torridon groupile 1 gaa scotish diabigh roopeekaranathil ninnu report cheyyappettu, avide aise raafttingil ninnulla avashishtangalaal dropestone roopeekaranangal roopappettirikkaam; 35-50 ° sentar madhyathil sthithicheyyunna eee pradesham, shaithyakaalath maravichathaayum venalkkaalath urukiyennum karuthappedunna oru (orupakshe uyarnna pradeshangal) thadaakamaayirunnu, vasanthakala urukalil raafting sambhavikkunnu.
prokaariyottukal ulppaadippikkunna meedhane enna mattu harithagriha vaathakangalude uyarnna samriddhi kuranja kaarban dye ooksaidinte alavinu nashtapariharam nalkiyirikkaam; dashalakshathil 140 bhagangal (ppm) enna anthareeksha meedhane saandrathayiloode kaivaricha oru valia aise rahita lokam. methanogenic prokaariyottukalkk ithrayadhikam meedhane ulppaadippikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnilla, ithu soochippikkunnathu mattu chila harithagriha vaathakangal, orupakshe naitras ooksaid, orupakshe 3 ppm (innathe nilavaaratthinte 10 madangu) aayi uyarthappettirikkam. greenhouse vaathakangalude saandrathaye adisthaanamaakki, mesoproterosoic kaalaghattatthile bhoomadhyarekha thaapanila ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalilum dhruvangalilum ekadesham 60 digri aayirikkam; aagola sharashari thaapanila innathethinekkaal 4 digri selshyas (7.2 digri fahrenheit) kooduthalaanu. shaithyakaalath dhruvangalile thaapanila maravippikkunnathinekkaal thazheyaayi, ithu thaalkkaalika kadal aise roopeekaranathinum manjuveezhchaykkum kaaranamaayi, pakshe sthiramaaya aise sheettukal illaayirunnu.
cosmic kiranangalude theevratha meghaavaranavumaayi kriyaathmakamaayi bandhappettirikkunnavum meghaavaranam bahiraakaashathekku prakaashatthe prathifalippikkukayum aagola thaapanila kuraykkukayum cheiyunnathinaal, nakshathrangalude roopeekaranam kuranjathinaal eee samayat kuranja bombakramanam undaayathum meghaavaranam kurayukayum glaciation sambhavangal thadayukayum choodu kaalavastha nilanirthukayum cheythathaayum nirddeshikkappettittund. koodaathe, thuranna lohangalude ooksideshan, aavaranathinte thanupp, jeothermal thapavum agniparvvathavum kuraykkuka, soura theevrathayum soura thapavum vardhippikkuka ennivayiloode kaarban dye ooksaidinte alavu kuraykkuka, aise roopeekaranam ozhike chila kalavastha theevrathayude samyojanam oru santhulithaavasthayilethiyi.
neremarichu, oru bilyan varshangalkk munbulla himanadikal innu niravadhi avashishtangal avasheshippichirikkilla, thelivukalude vyakthamaaya abhavam phoosil rekhakalude abhavam moolamaayirikkaam. koodaathe, kuranja ooksijan, sourorjja theevratha enniva oosoon paaliyude roopeekaranam thadayukayum harithagriha vaathakangal anthareekshathil kudungikkidakkunnath thadayukayum harithagriha phalatthiloode bhoomiye choodaakkukayum cheythirikkaam, ithu glaciationu kaaranamaakumaayirunnu. oosoon paali nilanirthaan kooduthal ooksijan aavashyamillengilum, boaring bilyan samayat alavu athinu mathiyaya uyarnnathaayirikkam, innathethinekkaal kooduthal yuvi vikiranam bhoomiye bombit thakartthirikkaam.
samudraghadana.
sankeernamaaya jeevajaalangalkk aavasyamaanennu karuthunna pradhana poshakangalaaya molybdinum, irumbu, naitrajan, phoosphoorus ennivayude saandrata samudrangalil kuravaanennu thonnunnu, kaaranam eee bhooraasaayanika chakrangalkk aavashyamaaya ooksijante abhavavum athinte falamaayundaakunna ookseekaranavum kaaranam. thadakangal allengil bhookhandangalude ozhukkinodu aduthulla theerapradeshangal polulla bhouma parithasthithikalil poshakangal kooduthal samrudhamaakaamaayirunnu.
pothuve, samudrangalkku oru ooksijan adangiya uparithala paali, oru sulphidic madhya paali, suboxic thaazhathe paali enniva undayirikkaam. pradhaanamaayum sulphidic ghadana samudrangalkku neelaykku pakaram karuppum paal-turcois niravum undakkiyirikkaam.
ooksijan.
bhoomiyile ooksijan alavil ganyamaaya vardhanavumaayi bandhapetta rund sambhavangale bhoomiyude bhoomishaasthraparamaaya rekhakal soochippikkunnu, onnu 2.4 muthal 2.1 gaa vare sambhavikkunnu, grettu ooksideshan ivant (goo) ennariyappedunnu, randaamathethu neoproterosoic ooksijaneshan ivant (noow) ennariyappedunna ekadesham 0.8 gaa sambhavikkunnu. idanilakkaarkkidayil, eee bilyan bilyan kaalayalavil, ooksijan alavu kuravaayirunnuvennu karuthappedunnu (cheria ettakkurachilukalode), ithu vyapakamaaya anoxic vellathilekku nayikkunnu.
uparithala jalam ooksijan adangiyathum aazhathilulla vellam suboxic (1 micrometeril thaazhe ooksijan) aayirikkunnathumaya samudrangal vyakthamaayi sthareekarichittundaakam, randaamathethu hydrajan (echu 2), echu 2 ezz outtputtu enniva thaazhnna alavil nilanirthukayum aazhakkadal hydrothermal ventukal vazhi nilanirthukayum cheythekkaam, allengil ooksijan raasaparamaayi kuraykkumaayirunnu. ettavum aazham kuranja vellathil polum, ganyamaaya alavil ooksijan pradhaanamaayum theerathinaduthulla pradeshangalil parimithappeduthiyirikkaam. mungunna jaivavasthukkalude vighadanam aazhathilulla vellathil ninnu ooksijan chorthukayum cheiyumaayirunnu.
valia ooksijaneshan sambhavathin sesham oo2-ll pettennulla idivu-δ13sii levelukal soochippikkunnathu anthareeksha ooksijante nilavile alavinte 10 muthal 20 madangu vare nashtamaanennu soochippikkunnu-lomagundi-jaduli ivant ennariyappedunnu, ithu bhoomiyude charithratthile ettavum pradhanappetta kaarban isotope ivantaanu. aadhunikakaalathe alavinte 0.1 muthal 1 sathamaanathil thaazheyaayirikkam ooksijante alavu, ithu eee virasamaya shathakodikkaalath sankeernamaaya jeevithathinte parinaamatthe phalapradamaayi thadassappeduthumaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, vividha samayangalil ooksijan kshanikamaayi ekadesham 4 sathamaanam paalayi uyarnna oru mesoproterosoic ooksijaneshan ivant (moow) 1.59 muthal 1.36 gaa vare sambhavichathayi nirddeshikkappedunnu. prathyekichum, oostreliyayude vadakkan pradeshathe ropper groupile velkeri roopeekaranam, russiayile volga-yooral mekhalayude kaltasi roopeekaranam, vadakkan chainayile siamaling roopeekaranam ennivayil ninnulla chila thelivukal ekadesham 1.4 gaa vare sradheyamaaya ooksijaneshane soochippikkunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu aagola ooksijan nilaye prathinidheekarikkunna alavu vyakthamalla. vaayurahithamaayathinekkaal aerobic pravartthanatthinte vyaapanathin kaaranamakunna vishaavasthakal shabdathil prabalamaakumenkilum vyapakamaaya suboxic, anoxic avasthakal ediyaakaaran biota, cambrian spodanam ennivayumaayi bandhapetta ekadesham 0.55 gaa vare neenduninnu.
sulfur.
1998-ll, geologist donald canfield ippol canfield ooshyan hypothesis ennariyappedunnathu nirddeshichu. valia ooksijaneshan sambhavathil anthareekshathil vardhichuvarunna ooksijante alavu kondinental irumbu pairait (phes 2) nikshepangalumaayi prathikarikkukayum ooksidais cheyyukayum cheiyumennu canfield avakashappettu, sulfate (zoo 42−) oru upolppannamaayi kadalilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. sulfate kuraykkunna sookshumaanukkal ithine hydrajan sulfide (echu2ezz) parivartthanam cheythu, samudrathe oru paridhivare visha uparithala paliyaayum thaazhe oru sulphidic paliyaayum vibhajikkunnu, athirthiyil anoxygenic bakteeriyakal vasikkunnu, echu2esine metabolisais cheyyukayum sulfurine oru maalinya ulppannamaayi srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu. ithu madhyajalathil vyapakamaaya euxynic avasthakal srishtichu, uyarnna sulfur saandrathayulla oru anoxic avastha, ithu bakteeriyakal nilanirtthi. ennirunnaalum, madhya-proterosoyikkinekkurikku kooduthal chittayaya jio kemikkal patanam soochippikkunnathu durbalamaaya ooksijan adangiya jalathinte nerttha uparithala paaliyulla samudrangal pradhaanamaayum ferrunus aanennum euxinia thaarathamyena cheria pradeshangalil sambhavichirikkamennum, orupakshe samudranirappinte 7 sathamaanathil thaazheyaayirikkam.
irumbu.
boaring bilyan muthalulla paarakalil, banded irumbu roopeekaranangalude prakadamaaya abhaavamund, avaa mukalile jala nirayile irumbil ninnu (aazhathilulla samudrathil ninnu uthbhavichath) ooksijanumaayi prathipravartthikkukayum vellathil ninnu puratthekku veezhukayum cheiyunnu. 1. 85 gaykk sesham avaa lokamembaadum avasanikkunnathaayi thonnunnu. samudra zoo 42-anoxic aazhakkadalil ellah irumbum kurachuvennu canfield vaadichu. anoxygenic bakteeriyakalaal irumbu upapachayam cheyyappettekkaam. 1. 85 gaa sudbury ulkkaashilayude aaghaatham sunaamikal, bashpeekarikkappetta kadaljalavum ooksijan adangiya anthareekshavum thammilulla edapedal, samudra arra, nashicha bhookhandangalude valia ozhukk ennivayiloode munbu sthareekritha samudrathe kalarthiyathaayum nirddeshikkappettittund. thathfalamaayundaakunna saboxic aazhathilulla vellathil (ooksijan adangiya uparithala jalam munbu anoxic aazhathilulla vellavumayi kalarnnathinal) aazhathilulla irumbinte ookseekaranam undaakukayum athu bhookhandangalude arikukalil kondupokunnathum nikshepikkunnathum thadayukayum cheyyum.
ennirunnaalum, vadakkan chainayude 1.4 gaa siamaling roopeekaranam polulla irumbu sambushtamaaya jalam nilavilundaayirunnu, ithu orupakshe aazhathilulla jala jalathapanila dwaarangalaal niraykkappettathaakam. irumbu sambushtamaaya avasthakal eee pradeshathe anoxic adibhaagathe jalatheyum soochippikkunnu, kaaranam vishaavasthakal ellah irumbineyum ooksidais cheiyumaayirunnu.
jeevita roopangal.
poshakangalude kuravu prakaashasamsleshanam sugamamaakkiyirikkam-avide oru jeeviykk prakaashasamsleshanam nadatthaan kazhiyum, mattonn maalinya uthppannathe metabolise cheiyunnu-prokaariyottukal (bacteria archaea), yookkaariyottukalude aavirbhavam ennivaykkidayil. bacteria, archaea, yookkariyotta ennivayaanu ettavum uyarnna vargeekarana rankingulla moonnu domainukal. yookkaariyottukale prokaariyottukalil ninnu oru nucleus, membran-boundu oorganellukal ennivayaal verthirikkunnu, mikkavarum ellah multisellular jeevikalum yookkaariyottukalaan.
prokaariyottukal.
boradippikkunna shathakodikkanakkiludaneelam prokaariyottukal prabalamaaya jeevita roopangalaayirunnu. cyanobacteria, pacha, purple sulfur bacteria, meedhane uthppaadippikkunna archaea, sulfate-metabolising bacteria, meedhane-metabolising archaea allengil bacteria, irumbu-metabolising bacteria, naitrajan-metabolising bacteria, anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria ennivayude saannidyamaanu microphosilukal soochippikkunnathu.
samudrangalile samriddhamaaya echu2kalle upapachayam cheiyunna pradhana prakaashasamshleshakangalaan anoxygenic cyanobacteriakal ennu karuthappedunnu. irumbu sambushtamaaya vellathil, cyanobacteriakalkku irumbu vishabaadhayundaakaam, prathyekichu uparithala jalavumaayi irumbu adangiya aazhathilulla vellam kalarnna kadaltheera jalathil, athinaal irumbineyum echu 2 kaleyum upapachayam cheyyaan kazhiyunna mattu bakteeriyakalaal malsarichilla. ennirunnaalum, silica adangiya vellamo koshatthinullile irumbinte biomineralisationo irumbu vishabaadha kurachekkaam.
anthareeksha naitrajan sariyaakkaan upayogikkunna naitrajanes ensime nilavile anthareeksha nilayude 10 sathamaanathil kooduthalaayirikkumbol pravartthanam nirthunnuvennu laborattariyile sayanobaakteeriyakalekkuri gaveshanangal theliyichittundu. ooksijante alavu vardhichathinaal naitrajante abhavam anthareekshathile ooksijante alavu 2 sathamaanathil sthiratha kaivarikkunna oru negatteevu feedback lupe srishtikkumaayirunnu. ekadesham 600 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu land plaantukal ooksijan purathuvidithudangiyal ithu marran thudangi. 408 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu, naitrajan sthireekarikkunna cyanobacteriakal avayude naitrajanesine ooksijanil ninnu samrakshikkunnathinaayi hetterosistukal vikasippicheduthu.
yookkariyottukal.
yookkariyottukal uthbhavichath boaring bilyaninte thudakkathil aayirikkam, kolambiyayude vardhanavinodu yojichathayirikkaam, ithu samudrathile ooksijante alavu enganeyengilum vardhippichekkaam. 2. 1 bilyan varshangalkk munbu thanne yookkaariyottukalekkuriyo avakaashappedunna rekhakal undengilum, iva samshayaaspadamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, ettavum pazhaya eucariot avashishtangal ekadesham 1 bilyan varshangalkk munbu chainayil avasheshikkunnu. ithinethudarnnu, eucariotic parinamam valare mandagathiyilaayirunnu, orupakshe canfield samudrathile eusinic avasthakalum pradhana poshakangaludeyum lohangaludeyum abhavavum kaaranam uyarnna oorjja aavasyakathakalulla valuthum sankeernavumaaya jeevajalangal vikasikkunnathil ninnu thadanju. euxynic avasthakal naitrajan sthireekaranathile avashya lohangalaaya irumbinteyum molybdinathinteyum layikkunnathum kuraykkumaayirunnu. layippicha naitrajante abhavam yookkaariyottukalekkaal prokkaariyottukale ishtappedumaayirunnu, kaaranam aadyathethinu vathaka naitrajane upapachayam cheyyaan kazhiyum. yookkaariyottukalkkidayil vaividhyavalkkaranathinte abhaavathinulla oru badal sidhaantham kuranja ooksijan alavinekkaal boaring bilyan samayat uyarnna thapanilaye soochippikkunnu, ithu neoproterosoicin munbulla ooksijaneshan sambhavangal eucariotic parinaamatthe kikkstaartt cheythilla enna vastutha soochippikkunnu.
ennirunnaalum, kireedagroopp eucariotic macro oorganaiseshanukalude vaividyavalkkaranam ekadesham 1.6-1 ga aayi aarambhichathayi thonnunnu, ithu pradhana poshaka saandrathayile vardhanavumaayi poruthappedunnu. tanmatra gadikaara vishakalanam anusarichu, sasyangal mrugangalil ninnum fangasukalil ninnum ekadesham 1.6 gaa, mrugangalil ninnum fangasukalil ninnum ekadesham 1.5 gaa, bilateriyanukal, sinidarians (yathaakramam ubhaykakshi samamiti ullathum illaathathumaaya mrugangal) ekadesham 1.3 gaa, sponchukal 1.35 gaa, ascomycota, basidiomycota (fungus subkingodum dikaaryayude rund vibhagangal) 0.97 gaa ennivayil ninnu vyathichalichu. thangalude samayanirnayangal shaasthreeyamaaya samavaayathodu viyojikkunnuvennu prabandhatthinte rachayithakkal parayunnu.
indiayile vindhyaan sedimentari thadatthile avasaanathe paleoproterosoic, aadyakaala mesoproterosoic fossilukal, chainayile ruyang group, cyberiayile anabar sheeldinte kottuykaan roopeekaranam enniva 1.7 muthal 1.4 gaa vareyulla eucariotic vaividhyavalkkaranathinte uyarnna nirakkukal (pree-mediakaaran maanadandangal anusarichu) soochippikkunnu, ennirunnaalum eee vaividhyathinte bhooribhaagavum munbu ariyappedaathathum nilavillaathathumaaya yookkaariyottukalude vamshangalaan prathinidheekarikkunnath. ariyappedunna ettavum pazhaya chuvanna aalgakalude paaya 1.6 gaa aanu. ariyappedunna ettavum pazhaya fungus vadakkan kaanadayil ninnulla 1.01-0.89 gaa aanu. colonial unicellular aggregettukalude pingamikalaayi kanakkaakkappedunna multisellular yookkariyottukal orupakshe 2-1.4 ga-yumayi parinamichirikkaam. athupole, aadyakaala multisellular yookkariyottukal pradhaanamaayum strometolite paayakalayi samaaharikkappettekkam.
chuvanna alga "bangiomorpha" laingikamaayi punarnirmmikkunna aadyakaala jeevaroopamaanu, ithu 1.047 ga vikasippicheduthaanu. ithinte adisthaanathil, eee poruthappedutthalukal caykkidayil parinamichu. 2-1.4 ga. pakaramaayi, ellah yookkaariyottukalilum ore proteinukal upayogichaanu meosis nadathunnathu ennathinaal yookkaariyottukalude avasaanathe pothuvaaya poorvvikanu valare munbuthanne iva parinamichirikkaam, orupakshe sidhaantham cheytha rna lokam vare neendunilkkunnu.
alaingika prathyulppaadanathinu maathram aavashyamaaya karkkashamaaya koshabhithi neekkam cheythukondu phagocytosisinte (mattu koshangale ulkkollunna) parinaamathinu sesham swathanthramaayi jeevikkunna cyanobacteriayil (symbiogenesis) ninnaan koshakoshangal uthbhavichath. valia ooksijan ghadanayil mitocondria ithinakam vikasichirunnu, ennaal prakaashasamshleshanathinaayi primoplaantukalil upayogikkunna plaastidukal ekadesham 1.6-1.5 ga aayi prathyakshappettathayi karuthappedunnu. eucariotic koshangalile vardhichuvarunna dnaude alavu nucleosomukalaayi krameekarikkaanum paakkej cheyyaanum sahaayikkunnathin boaring bilyan samayat histonukal prathyakshappettekkam. vaayurahithamaya pravarthanangalil upayogikkunna hydragenosomukal eee samayat oru aarkkiyonil ninnu uthbhavichathaakam.
yookkariyottukal kaivaricha parinamaparamaaya naazhikakkallukal kanakkiledukkumbol, eee kaalayalav ekadesham 0.54 gaa cambrian spodanathinteyum thaarathamyena valuthum sankeernavumaaya jeevajaalangalude parinaamatthinteyum oru pradhana munnodiyaayi kanakkakkaam.
paristhithi.
uyarnna trophic thalangalilekku kooduthal oorjjam kaimarata cyanobacteriakalkkum prokaariyottukalkkum anukoolamaayi aalgakal polulla valia bhakshyakanangalude paarshwavalkkaranam kaaranam, sankeernamaaya oru bhakshyajaalam roopappettilla, uyarnna oorjja aavasyangalulla valia jeevajaalangalkk vikasikkaan kazhinjilla. atharamoru bhakshyajaalam orupakshe oru ardhathil, ettavum uyarnna vettakkaarenna nilayil cheria ennam prottistukale maathrame nilanirtthiyulloo.
orupakshe orutharam microalgayaaya ooksijanik photosynthetic eucariotic akrithaarkkukal mesoproterosoic uparithala jalathil vasichirunnu. jeevajalangal noorukanakkinu dasalaksham varshangalayi nilanilkkunnathayi report cheyyappettirikkunnathil vettayaadunnathinupakaram poshakangalude labhyatha moolam avayude janasamkhya pradhaanamaayum parimithappettirikkam, ennaal 1 gack sesham, speesheesukalude dairkhyam ekadesham 100 ema aayi kuranju, orupakshe aadyakaala prottistukalude sasyabhakshana vardhanavu kaaranam. cambrian spodanathinum sasyabhukkukalulla mrugangalude vikaasathinum sesham jeevajaalangalude athijeevanam 10 emm. eiii. aayi kurayunnathumaayi ithu poruthappedunnu.
samudrathile molybdinathinte thaarathamyena kuranja saandrata, naitrajanesukal ulppaadippikkaan molybdinum aavasyamulla thuranna samudra naitrajan fixing sookshumaanukkalude janasamkhyaye nilanirthunna oru pradhana parimithappedutthunna gadakamaayi nirddeshikkappettittund, ennirunnaalum shudhajalavum theeradesha paristhithikalum nadiyude srothassukalkku aduthulla alinja molybdinathinte naitrajan fixerukalude ganyamaaya samoohangalkku ippozhum aathidheyathvam vahichittundaakam. planctonic naitrajan fixerukalude parinaamathode cryogenian kaalaghattatthil maathram avasaanicha naitrajan sthireekaranathinte kuranja nirakk ardhamaakkunnathu eee samaya edavelayil swatantra amonium kuravaayirunnu, ithu multisellular biota parinaamatheyum vaividhyavalkkaranatheyum saaramaayi thadassappeduthi.
bhoomiyile jeevitam.
bhoomiyude procariotic kolanivalkkaranatthinte aadyakaala thelivukal 3 gack munbullathaanu, orupakshe 3.5 gaa vare. eee bilyan dollar kaalayalavil, pradhaanamaayum cyanobacterial paayakalaan bhoomiyil adhivasichirunnathu. guhakalilum shudhajala thadaakangalilum nadikalilum sookshumaanukkal roopappettirikkaamenkilum podi dhaaraalamaayi poshakangalum uparithalathil vasikkunna sookshumaanukkalkku chitharunnathinulla oru maarggavum nalkumaayirunnu. 1. 2 gaa aayappozhekkum, kalavastha vyathiyaanam, mannolipp, avashishtangal, vividha jio kemikkal cycleukal ennivaye badhikkaan kazhiyunnathra microbial communitykal samrudhamaayirikkaam, koodaathe vipulamaaya microbial mattukal jaiva manninte puramthodu samriddhamaanennu soochippikkaan kazhiyum.
microbial paayakalil meikkappedunna ekadesham 1.3 gaa lycan fangasukalaayirikkaam aadyakaala bhouma yookkariyottukal. shudhajala scotish torridon groupil ninnulla samriddhamaaya eucariotic microphosilukal samudramallaatha aavaasavyavasthakalil eucariotic aadhipathyam 1 gaa soochippikkunnuvennu thonnunnu, orupakshe bhookhandangalkku aduthulla pradeshangalil poshakangalude labhyatha vardhichathum bhookhandangalude ozhukk kaaranam. eee laikkanukal pinneedu 0.75 gaa sasya kolanivalkkaranathinu eathenkilum vidhathil soukaryamorukkiyirikkaam. bhouma prakaashasamsleshitha jaivabhaarathil vann vardhanavu ekadesham 0.85 gaa sambhavichu, ithu terrestrially sourced carbonile oru fluxes soochippikkunnu, ithu multisellular yookkaariyottukalude vipuleekaranathe pinthunaykkaan aavashyamaaya ooksijan alavu vardhippichirikkaam.

