
manthravaada gopuram

oru madhyakala pattana mathilinteyo kottayudeyo bhagamaayirunna oru gopuratthinte pothuvaaya pero vivaranamo aanu engleesh, mattu europian bhashakalil manthravaadikalude gopuram (), palappozhum jailaayo nilavarayayo upayogikkunnu.
charithram.
manthravaadikalude vichaaranakalude kaalaghattatthil ninnaan eee peru uruthirinjathu. manthravaadatthil samshayikkunnavareyo kuttakkaaraanennu kandethiyavareyo thadavilaakkaan eee gopurangalil palathum upayogichirunnu.
ennirunnaalum, mattu manthravaadinikalude gopurangalkku pinneedu peru nalki, udaaharanathinu pathonpathaam noottaandil avaa saadhaarana jayilukalaayo nagara mathilukalile saadhaarana gopurangalo aayi upayogichirunnu.
ashersleben, coburg, frankenberg (eder), fulda, jellehousen, geseke, heidelberg, herbone, hophime aam tounus, aidsteen, joolichu, coufburen, laanstain, landsburg aam letch, marberg, markdorff, memmingen, oolppe, rainback, ruthen, trisa, windecan thudangiya niravadhi jarmman pattanangalilum nagarangalilum manthravaada gopurangal kaanapedunnu. innu eee gopurangal chilappol naveekarikkappedukayum myoosiyangal sthaapikkaan upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu.
aithihyamanusarichu, wildensteiner bargile manthravaadikalude gopuratthil manthravaadikale thookkumaratthil chuttukonnu. mukalile danube thaazhvarayude pradeshathu ninnulla pareekshanangal aarkkaivukalil kaanaan kazhiyum.
babenhousen enna prathyeka bearil, "hex" ("manthravaadam") undaakkunnu, athu praadeshika manthravaadam gopuratthe athinte labelil chithreekarikkunnu.
salsburgill pathinanjaam noottaandile nagara mathilukalil oru manthravaada gopuram undu, athu pinneedu oru jailaayum pinneedu oru kadayaayum upayogichu. 1944ll oru bomb spodanathil ithu nasippikkappedukayum avashishtangal thakarukayum cheythu. woolf dietrich strass", "paarees lodron strass" ennivayude munvashathulla oru chithram maathrame eee kettidatthe oormmippikkunnulloo.