
klement martin doock

klement martin doock (16 meyy 1893, yunaittad kingdatthile bristtolil-24 februvari 1980, dakshinaafrikkayile kizhakkan landanil) pradhaanamaayum aafrikkan bhashakalil pravartthikkunna oru dakshinaafrikkan bhaashaashaasthranjanaayirunnu. bandu bhaashakalude vyaakaranaghadana europian bhashakalil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaanennu manassilakkiya addeham, praadeshikamaayi adisthaanamaakkiyulla bhashaykkaayi bhasha vivaranathodulla euro kendreekritha sameepanam upekshicha thante kaalathe aadyathe aafrikkan bhaashaashaasthranjaril oraalaayirunnu. ettavum samridhanaaya ezhuthukaaranaaya addeham vyaakaranangalude oru nira, niravadhi nighandukkal, thaarathamya kruthikal, bandu bhaashaashaasthrathinte charithram enniva prasidheekarichu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum currier.
kuttiyammaarude kudumbam chila thalamurakalayi snaapanasabhaykkaayi missionary pravarthanangalil earppettirunnu. addehathinte pithaav, aadaraneeyanaaya joseph jeey. doock, englandu vittu 1882-ll dakshinaafrikkayilekku yaatra cheyyukayum avide addeham agnesinte valia aalukale kandumuttukayum vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. avar englandilekku madangi, avide naalu makkalil moonnaamanaayi klement janichu. kudumbam nyoosilandilekku thamasam maarukayum oduvil 1903-ll dakshinaafrikkayilekku madangukayum avide pinneedu johannasburgil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu.
18-aamm vayassil, pretoriyayile transwall yooniversitti collegil (ippol pretoria sarvakalashaala) ninnu klement birudam nedi. thante jeevitam missionary pravarthanangalkkaayi samarppikkaan addeham theerumaanichu. 1913-ll addeham pithavinoppam vadakkupadinjaaran rodeshyayil ippol ilamba ennariyappedunna lambalant enna pradeshathekku paryadanam nadatthi. congo, sambasy nadikalude neerthadatthilaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. jillayude oru bhagam vadakkan rodeshyayilum oru bhagam beljian kongoyilumaanu sthithicheyyunnathu. cape-keyro railway athinte kizhakkan bhaagatthiloode sanjarichu; allengil, mikka yaathrakalum kaalnadayaayi nadakkendivannu.
blaantiyarile nyasa industrial missionte aadaraneeyanaaya vilyam arther phillips 1905 ll avide oru snapana dauthyam sthaapichu; athu 50,000 aathmaakkalude oru pradeshathe sevichu. dakshinaafrikkayile baptist union laambalaantile dauthyam ettedukkumo ennu anweshikkendathaayirunnu. aaa yaathrayilaan dokkinte pithaavin enteric panii pidipedukayum taamasiyaathe marikkukayum cheythath. mahathmaagaandhi smaaraka shushrooshayil pankedukkukayum sabhaye abhisambodhana cheyyukayum cheythu. klement thante pithaavinte vesham etteduthu.
dakshinaafrikkan snapanakkaar kafulafuta dauthyam ettedukkaan theerumaanikkukayum athinte sthaapakanaaya aadaraneeyanaaya phillips sooprandaayi thudarukayum cheythu. 1914-ll missionaryaayi klement doock kafulafuthayilekku madangi, thudarnnu rund varshathinu sesham addehathinte sahodari olivu.
lambayekkurichulla patanam.
aadyam, lambayumaayi ashayavinimayam nadathaanulla kazhivillaaymayil klement doock niraashanaayirunnu. akkaalat labhyamaya eaka likhitha saamagrikal jonayude vivarthanavum 47 sthuthigeethangalude samaahaaravumaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, taamasiyaathe addeham bhashayil praaveenyam nedukayum 1917-ll thante aadya pusthakamaaya "iffindu fackway lesa" ("daivathinte karyangal, thiruvezhuthu arivinte oru praadhamikam") prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. oru emm. eiii. birudathinaayi transwall yooniversitti colleginte vipuleekaranamaayi addeham johannasburgil chernnu. lamba bhaashayude vyakaranam" enna peril addehathinte prabandham prasidheekarichu. bandu bhashakal vishakalanam cheiyunnathinum vivarikkunnathinumulla thante noothana reethi doock ithuvare sthaapichittillaathil parambaraagatha vyaakarana padangalil eee pusthakam ulkkollunnu. addehathinte pilkkala "lamba vyaakarana paatapusthakam" aaa kaaryatthil valare mikachathaanu.
dokkinu ethnolajiyilum thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. 1931-ll addeham "vadakkan rodeshyayile lambakal" samaaharichu, ithu madhya aafrikkayile janangalude mikacha vamseeya vivaranangalilonnaan. baibilinte sandesham aalukalkk vilamathikkanaayi aavasyamaayirunnathinaal saksharatha suvisheshavathakaranathinte bhaagamaayirunnu, ennaal viramichathinusesham maathramaan addeham baibilinte lambayilekku vivarthanam poortthiyaakkiyathu. 1959ll 'amasivi avalesa' (daivathinte vaakkukal) enna peril ithu prasidheekarichu.
yooniversitti oof dhii vitt watersand.
1919ll doock hilda lehmane vivaham kazhichu, avar addehathodoppam lambalandilekku madangi. jolie cheiyunna samayat iruvarkkum malaria pidipedukayum lambalandilekku madangaan avale vilakkukayum cheythu. thante feeld varkk kooduthal kaalam thudaraan kazhiyillennu klement doock manassilakkukayum 1921ll addeham pinmaarukayum puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya vitt watersand sarvakalaashaalayaan addehathe niyamichathu. oru lakcharar enna nilayil yogyatha nedunnathinaayi kudumbam englandilekku thamasam maari, avide addeham school oof ooriyantal aandu aafrikkan stadeesil rajisttar cheythu. addehathinte pradhana bhashakal lamba, luba ennivayaayirunnu, ennaal anuyojyamaaya examiner labhyamallathathinaal addehathinu oduvil thante bhasha sulu aayi maattendi vannu.
1923ll vitt watersand sarvakalaashaalayile bandu padanatthinte puthiya vibhaagathil doock thante niyamanam etteduthu. 1925ll addehathinu dii. cheria. sulu bhaashayude shabdashaasthram" enna doctoral prabandhathinu muthirnna prabhashakanaayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. 1931ll addeham bandu padanatthinte chairmaanaayi niyamikkappedukayum angane bandu patana vakuppinte thalavanaakukayum cheythu. sarvakalaashaalayile aafrikkakkaarude praveshanathinu eee vakupp oru uthejakamaayi pravarthichu. 1925 muthal thanne parimithamaaya ennam aalukalkk aafrikkan padanatthile avadhikkala kozhsilekku praveshanam labhichu. oru bhasha nedunnathinu oru thaddesheeya prabhashakan anivaaryamaanennu addeham vishwasichathinaal benedict vaalat vilakasi staaf amgamaayi niyamikkunnathine doock pinthunachu. athu pothujanangalil ninnu vimarshanangaludeyum vivaadangaludeyum kodunkaattinu kaaranamaayi. iruvarum "sulu-engleesh nighanduvil" sahakarichu. 1948 ll aadyamaayi prasidheekaricha ithu ippozhum eathoru bandu bhashaykkum nighanduvinte mikacha udaaharanangalilonnaanu.
thekkan rodatian sarkkaarinte abhyarthana maanich, doock raajyathe bhaashakalkkidayile bhasha vaividhyathinte paridhi anweshikkukayum "ekeekritha shona" ennathinu shupaarshakal nalkukayum cheythu, ithu staanderd shonayude aditharayaayi. sesuru, karanga, manyika ennee bhaashaabhedangale adisthaanamaakki addeham oru ekeekritha aksharavinyasam aavishkarichu. ennirunnaalum, dokkinte aksharavinyasam orikkalum poornnamaayum amgeekarikkappettilla, dakshinaafrikkan sarkkar oru badal avatharippichu, ithu 1935 num 1955 num idayil shonayk rund malsaraadhishtitha aksharavinyaasangal nalki.
thante bharanakaalathu, eee bhaashakalude ghadanaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla bhashaaparamaaya vishakalanathinteyum bandu bhaashakalude vivaranathinteyum oru reethi doock vikasippikkukayum prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. dokyan model" thekkan, madhya aafrikkayile bhashaaparamaaya vivaranathinte prabalamaaya modalukalilonnaanu. bandu bhaashakalekkurichulla addehathinte vargeekaranam varshangalolam aafrikkan bhashakal thammilulla paraspara bandhathekkurichulla prabalamaaya kaazchappaadaayirunnu. khoysan, bandu click vyanjanaaksharangalude aadyakaala vivaranakaaranaayirunna addeham avayil palathinum shabdachihnangal aavishkarichu.
1953ll viramikkunnathuvare doock vitt watersand sarvakalashaalayil sevanamanushtichu. roads sarvakalashaala addehathinu doctor oof lettezhs birudavum 1972ll vitt watersand sarvakalashaala addehathinu doctor oof loow birudavum nalki.
muun missionary ellaayppozhum snaapanasabhayodu samarppithanayi thudarnnu. 1949ll dakshinaafrikkan baptist yooniyante presidentaayi thiranjedukkappetta addeham oru varsham pallikalum mission steshanukalum sandarshichu. aduthide sthaapithamaaya varnnavivechana nayathe apalapikkunnathil addeham thante presidential prasangam upayogichu "avarude varnnavivechana niyamanirmmaanathinu pinnile athmaavum innu avar ellaatharam vivechanaparamaaya nadapadikalum avatharippikkunna reethiyum nammude eee punyabhoomiyil duranthamundaakkumennu njaan sarkkaarin aathmaarthamaayi munnariyipp nalkunnu."