islaamika schoolukalum shaakhakalum

islaamika skoolukalkkum shaakhakalkkum islaminekkurichu vyathyastha daaranayundu. niravadhi vyathyastha vibhaagangalo vibhaagangalo, islaamika niyamashaasthrathinte schoolukalum, islaamika daivashaasthrathinte schoolukalum, allengil "akheedaa" (matham) ennivayundu. soofisathinullil vyathyastha utharavukal ("thaarikha"), sunni islaamil vyathyastha daivashaasthra schoolukal (athari, ashari, mathuridi), niyamashaasthram (hanafi, maliki, shafi, hanbali) enniva polulla vyathyaasangal islaamika grouppukalkkullil thanne undakam. islaamile grouppukal niravadhi (ettavum valia shaakhakal shiaz sunnikalumaanu), allengil valippathil thaarathamyena cheruthaanu (ibaadikal, sayydikal, ismaayilikal). eee vibhagangal thammilulla vyathyaasangal pandithochitha vrithangalkku purathulla muslimkalkku nannayi ariyillayirikkaam, allengil raashtreeyavum mathaparavumaya akramathinu (berlvi, deobandi, salafism, wahabism) kaaranamaaya mathiyaya abhinivesham undakkiyittundaakam. aashayangalal nayikkappedunna anoupachaarika prasthaanangalum (islaamika aadunikatha, islamism polullava) oru bharanasamithiyulla samghaditha grouppukalum (ahmedia, islamism, neshan oof islam) undu. chila islaamika vibhaagangalum grouppukalum chilare vyathichalichavarayi kanakkaakkukayo yadhaartha musleemallennu aaropikkukayo cheiyunnu (udaaharanathinu, sunnikal palappozhum ahmedia, alavia, khuraan, shiaz ennivarumaayi vivechanam kaanikkunnu). chila islaamika vibhaagangalum grouppukalum ezhaam noottaandinum onpathaam noottaandinum edayilulla islaaminte aadyakaala charithrathilethaanu (khaarijatukal, sunnikal, shiaz), mattullava valare aduthide (islaamika navaa-paarambaryavaadam, udaaravaadam, purogamanavaadam, islaamika aadunikatha, salafism, wahabism) allengil irupathaam noottaandil polum (islaaminte raashtram) uyarnnuvannittund. mattullavar avarude kaalath swaadheenamullavaraayirumnum nilavililla (ibadi allatha khaarijaittukal, mutasila, murjia). thirichariyaavunna islaamika skoolukalilonninteyum shaakhakaludeyum keezhil amgamallaathavaro svayam thirichariyaathavaro eluppathil tharamthirikkaan kazhiyaathavaro aaya muslimkale noonn-denominational muslimkal ennu vilikkunnu.
avalokanam.
islaamika pravaachakan muhammadinte maranashesham musleem samudaayathinte ("umma") maarganirdeshathinaayulla raashtreeyavum mathaparavumaya pinthudarchayekkurichu musleengalkkidayil khaarijikalum sunnikalum sheeyakalum thammilulla yadhaartha bhinnatha tharkkatthilaayirunnu. thangalude adisthaana rashtreeya nilapaadil ninnu, khaarijistukal mukhyadharaa sunnikalil ninnum shiah musleengalil ninnum avare verthirikkunna theevramaaya sidhaanthangal vikasippichu. alii ibn abee talib muhammadinte yadhaartha pingaamiyaanennu shiyakkal vishwasikkunnu, athesamayam sunni abu bakkarine aaa sthaanam vahikkunnathayi kanakkakkunnu. aadyathe fitna (aadyathe islaamika aabhyantharayudham) samayat khaarijistukal sheeyaril ninnum sunnikalil ninnum akannu; "takfir" (bahishkaranam) ennathinodu samoolamaaya sameepanam sweekarichathil avar prathyekichum sradhikkappettu, athiloode avar sunny sheeye musleengale avishwaasikalo () vyaja musleengalo () aayi prakhyaapichu, athinaal avarude vishwaasathyaagathinu () avare maranathinu yogyaraayi kanakkakki.
koodaathe, sunniyilum shiah islaamilum niravadhi vyathyaasangalund sunni islaamine naalu pradhana niyamashaasthra skoolukalaayi verthirikkunnu, athaayath maliki, hanafi, shafi, hanbali; eee skoolukalkku avarude sthaapakar malik ibn anas, abuhanifa alle-numan, mohammed ibn idris alle-shafi, ahamed ibn hunbell ennivarude perukalaanu yathaakramam nalkiyirikkunnath. maruvashathu, shiah islam moonnu pradhana vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkappettirikkunnu twelver, ismaayilikal, sayyidikal. bhooribhaagam shiah musleengalum twelvermaaraanu (2012 leeii oru kanakk prakaram eee kanakk 85 sathamaanamaanu), "shiah" enna padam sthirasthithiyaayi twelvermaare soochippikkunnu. mukhyadharaa twelver, ismaayil shiah musleengal ellaavarum aaraamathe sheeye imaamaaya jaffer alle-shaadikhinte peril ariyappedunna jafari niyamashaasthram enna ore chinthaadhaarayaanu pinthudarunnathu.
faivezhs ennum ariyappedunna sayydikal, sayyid chinthadhaara pinthudarunnu (sayyid ibnu aaliyude peril). pinneedu nizari, mustali enningane vibhajikkapetta shiah islaaminte mattoru shaakhayaanu ismaayil, koodaathe mustali veendum haphisi, tayibi enningane vibhajikkapettu. bohras" ennum ariyappedunna tayyibi ismaayilikal davudi bohrakal, sulaymani bohrakal, alavi bohrakal enniva thammil vibhajikkappettirikkunnu.
athupole, khaarijaittukale thudakkathil anchu pradhana shaakhakalaayi vibhajichirunnu sufries, asaarikha, najdat, adjaraittukal, ibaadikal. ivaril ibadi musleengalaanu khaarijaittukalude eaka shaakha. melpparanja grouppukalkku purame, ahmedi musleengal, khuraanist musleengal, aafrikkan-american musleengal thudangiya puthiya chinthaadhaarakalum prasthaanangalum pinneedu swathanthramaayi uyarnnuvannu.
thirichariyaavunna islaamika skoolukalilonninteyum shaakhakaludeyum keezhil amgamallaathavaro svayam thirichariyaathavaro eluppathil tharamthirikkaan kazhiyaathavaro aaya muslimkale noonn-denominational muslimkal ennu vilikkunnu.
pradhana shaakhakal allengil moolyavardhitha vibhagangal.
sunni islam.
ahal-sunnah wall jamaa" allengil "ahal-sunnah" ennum ariyappedunna sunni islam, lokathile muslim janasamkhyayude 85 sathamaanavum ulppedunna islaaminte ettavum valia vibhagamaanu. islaamika pravachakanaaya muhammadinteyum koottaalikal (sahaba) yudeyum padippikkalukal, pravartthanangal, udaaharanagal enniva ardhamaakkunna sunnah enna vakkil ninnaan sunni enna padam vannath.
sii. iii. 632ll marikkunnathin munbu mohammed musleem samoohathe nayikkaan oru pingami prathyekamaayi niyamichillennu sunnikal vishwasikkunnu, ennirunnaalum aadyathe koottaaliyaaya abu bakkarinte swakaarya thiranjeduppine avar amgeekarikkunnu. sunni musleengal aadyathe naalu khaleefakale-abu bucker (632-634), umar ibn alle-khathaab (umar iii, 634-644), osman ibn affan (644-656), alii ibn abee thalb (656-661)-alle-khulafaa 'urr-rashidun ("sariyaaya maarganirdesam labhicha khaleefakal") aayi kanakkakkunnu. bhooripaksham vottukal nediyaal khaleefayude sthaanam janaadhipathyaparamaayi nedaanaakumennum ennaal rasheedunninu sesham umayyadukalum mattullavarum aarambhicha vibhajanagal kaaranam eee sthaanam paarambarya rajavamsha bharanamaayi maariyennum sunnikal vishwasikkunnu. 1923ll automan saamraajyathinte pathanathinushesham, musleem lokath vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappetta mattoru khaleefa undayittilla.
oru vashath shaasthreeya sunni niyamashaasthrangaludeyum kalaam (yukthisahamaya daivashaasthram) yum pinthudarunnavarum maruvashathu aadyakaala islaamika srothassukale aksharaarthatthil vaayikkunna vahaabikalum ahle hadis polulla islaamisttukalum salaafistukalum "yaadhaasthithika" sunni islaamine prathinidheekarikkunnathin malsaraadhishtitha avakaashavaadangal unnayichittundu. muun tharatthilulla engleeshphon islaamika pravaahangale chilappol "parambaraagatha islam" ennu vilikkunnu. mohammed abdudineppolulla islaamika pandithanmaar mushilaasiyude ashayangal punarujjeevippikkaanulla aadhunikakaala sramangalil ninnu bhaagikamaayi swaadheenikkappettu aadhunikathaye islaamumaayi samyojippikkaan shramicha salafi prasthaanatthinte oru shaakhayaanu islaamika aadunikatha.
shiah islam.
motham muslim janasamkhyayude ekadesham aii. dii. 1 ulppedunna islaaminte randaamathe valia vibhagamaanu shiah islam. muslim lokath nyoonapakshamaanenkilum, iraan, iraakh, lebanon, bahrain, azarbaijan ennividangalile muslim janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum, athupole thanne syria, turkey, dakshineshya, yeman, soudi arebia ennividangalilum pershyan gulfinte mattu bhagangalilum ganyamaaya nyoonapakshangalaanu shiah musleengal.
khuraaninteyum muhammadinte padippikkalukaludeyum paramonnatha adhikaarathil vishwasikkunnathinupare, imammar ennariyappedunna addehathinte pingaamikal ulppede muhammadinte kudumbamaaya "ahal alle-baith" ("veettile aalukal") samoohathinte mail aathmeeyavum raashtreeyavumaaya adikaaram pularthunnuvennum muhammadinte bandhuvum marumakanumaaya alii ibn abee talib eee imaamukalil aadyatheyaalum muhammadinte sariyaaya pingamiyaayirunnuvennum angane aadyathe moonnu "rashidun" khaleefakalude niyamasadhutha nirasikkunnuvennum shiah muslimkal vishwasikkunnu.
gulat chalanagal.
islaaminte charithratthile chila pradhana vyakthikalkk (saadhaaranayaayi muhammadinte kudumbatthile amgangal, "ahal alle-bait") daivika swabhaavasavisheshathakal aaropikkunnatho mukhyadharaa shiah muslimkal vyathichalichathayi karuthunnatho aaya sheete grouppukaleyum prasthaanangaleyum "gulat" ennu namakaranam cheythu.
khaarijaitt islam.
656ll moonnaamathe khaleefa uthmaante kolapaathakathetthudarnnu musleem samudaayathinu mail rashtreeya neethrthwathinaayulla poraattamaaya aadya fithnayil uthbhavicha vamshanasham sambhavicha oru vibhagamaanu khaarijaitt (aksharaarthatthil, "verpirinjavar"). khaarijistukal aadyam alii khaleefaye pinthunachirunnuvenkum pinneedu addehathinethire pooraadukayum oduvil kufa palliyil praarthikkumbol addehathinte rakthasaakshithvathil vijayikkukayum cheythu. khaarijaitt allengil khaarijaittumayi bandhapetta grouppukal kuravaanu avasheshikkunnathenkilum, avar viyojikkunnavarumaayi vittuveezhcha cheyyaan visammathikkunna musleengale soochippikkaan eee padam chilappol upayogikkunnu.
ezhaam noottaandilum ettaam noottaandilum khaarijaittinte oru pradhana upavibhaagavum khaarijaittukalude bhagavumaayirunnu sufries. soofrikalude oru upavibhagamaayirunnu nukkari. shariyaayi maarganirdesam nalkia naalu khaleefakalude (632-661 CE) kaalaghattatthile aadyakaala musleem vibhagamaayirunnu haroorikal, avarude aadya nethaavaaya habib ibn-yaseed alle-harooriyude perilaanu ithu ariyappedunnathu. asarikha, najdutt, adjaraittukal enniva cheria upavibhagangalaayirunnu.
ibadi islam.
ezhaam noottaandil ninnu vikasicha ibaadisamaanu innu nilanilkkunna eaka khaarijaitt upavibhagam. nilavil bhoomishaasthraparamaayi verthiricha rund ibadi grouppukalundu-raajyathe muslim janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum ulkkollunna omaanilum aljiriya, tunisia, libia ennividangalil ganyamaaya nyoonapakshangalulla vadakkan aafrikkayilum. mattoru muslim nyoonapakshamaaya sayeedikalkku samaanamaayi, "aadhunika kaalath" avar islaaminte sunni shaakhayilekku neengaanulla "sakthamaaya pravanatha" kaanichittundu.
islaamika niyamashaasthrathinte schoolukal.
madhab" ennariyappedunna islaamika niyamashaasthra schoolukal khuraan, "hadit" saahityam, "sunnath" (islaamika pravaachakan mohammed nabi thante jeevithakaalathe vaakkukalum jeevithashailikalum), "tafsir" saahityam (khuraanekkurichulla vyaakhyaanangal) ennivayil ninnu avarude vidhikal uruthirinjedukkaan upayogikkunna reethishaasthrathil vyathyaasappettirikkunnu.
suni.
sunni islaamil niravadhi islaamika niyamashaasthra schoolukalum (fikh) islaamika daivashaasthra schoolukalum (Âqīdā) adangiyirikkunnu. mathaparamaya niyamashaasthrathinte (fikh) adisthaanathil, sunnisathil niravadhi chinthaadhaarakal ("madhab") adangiyirikkunnu
mathavishwaasathinte ('akheedaa') kaaryatthil, sunnisathil daivashaasthrathinte niravadhi schoolukal adangiyirikkunnu
oru prathyeka "madhab" karsanamaayi pinthudarunnathil vishwasikkaatha sunni islaaminullile oru yaadhaasthithika parishkarana shaakhayum/allengil punarujjeevana prasthaanavumaanu salafi prasthaanam. mohammed ibnu abd alle-wahab sthaapicha islaamika sidhaanthavum matha prasthaanavumaaya wahabi prasthaanavum aadhunika ahle hadees prasthaanavum avayil ulppedunnu, avarude anuyaayikal svayam "ahal alle-hadeet" ennu vilikkunnu.
shiah.
aaraamathe sheeye imam jaffer alle-shaadikhinte perilulla jafari allengil imami skoolaanu shiah islaamil pradhana sheeyett niyamashaasthram. jafari niyamashaasthrathe rund shaakhakalaayi thirichirikkunnu "ijtihad" prayogatthe anukoolikkunna usuli school, sheete imaamukalude paarambaryangal ("akhbaar") mathaparamaya arivinte pradhana uravidamaayi nilanirthunna akhbaari school. sunni niyamashaasthravumaayi adutha bandhamullah ismaayil school (mustali-fatimid tayyibi ismaayil) saidi school niyamashaasthrathile cheria shiah skoolukalil ulppedunnu. sheete purohithanmaarum niyamanjarum saadhaaranayaayi "mujtahid" (i.iii., shiah islaamil niyamaparamaaya abhipraayangal nalkaan adikaaramulla oraal).
ibadi.
ibaadikalude "fikh" allengil niyamashaasthram thaarathamyena lalithamaanu. khuraanum hadeet saahityathinum samboornna adikaaram nalkiyittundu; "kias" (samanamaaya nyaayavaadam) adisthaanamaakki amgeekaricha puthiya kandupiduthangal ibaadikal "bidah" (mathavidvesham) ennu nirasichu. athu bhooribhaagam sunnikalil ninnum vyathyasthamaanenkilum mikka shiah skoolukalumaayum sahiri, aadyakaala hanbali skoolukalumaayum yojikkunnu.
islaamika daivashaasthrathinte schoolukal.
"matham", "sidhaantham" allengil vishwaasathinte lekhanam ennartham varunna oru islaamika padamaanu "akheedaa". islaamika daivashaasthrathinte niravadhi schoolukal nilavilundu, avayellaam innum nilanilkunnilla. islaamile daivashaasthraparamaaya vivaadangalude pradhana vishayangalil munkootty nischayikkalum swatantra ichhaashakthiyum, khuraaninte swabhaavam, daivika gunangalude swabhaavam, vedagrandhathinte prathyakshavum nigoodavumaaya ardham, islaamika sidhaanthathil vairudhyaparamaaya nyaayavaadatthinte punk enniva ulppedunnu.
suni.
classical.
"vairudhyathiloode daivashaasthra thathwangal thedunna islaamika thathwashaasthramaanu kalam. arabiyil eee vaakkinte aksharaarthatthil "samsaram/vaakkukal" ennaanu ardham. kalam" enna pandithane "muthakkallim" (musleem daivashaasthranjan; bahuvachanam "muthakkallimun") ennu vilikkunnu. sunni islaamile ashari, mathuridi skoolukalaanu kalathinte pradhana schoolukal.
ashari.
patthaam noottaandil abu alle-hassen alle-ashari sthaapicha oru daivashaasthra vidyaalayamaanu ashrism. daivathinte savisheshamaaya swabhaavatheyum savisheshathakaleyum kurichulla graahyam manushyante kazhivinappuramaanennu ashareet kaazhchappaad paranju. mathuridi daivashaasthrathinoppam sunni islaaminte yaadhaasthithika mathangalilonnayi ashari daivashaasthram kanakkaakkappedunnu. charitraparamaayi, soofisathil nilanilkkunna ashari daivashaasthram yadhaarthathil islaamika niyamashaasthrathinte hanbali skoolumaayi bandhappettirunnu.
mathuridi.
patthaam noottaandil abu mansoor alle-mathuridi sthaapicha oru daivashaasthra vidyaalayamaanu mathuridism, ithu ashari sanbradaayathinte adutha vakabhedamaanu. ashari daivashaasthrathinoppam sunni islaaminte yaadhaasthithika mathangalilonnayi kanakkaakkappedunna mathuridi daivashaasthram islaamika niyamashaasthrathinte hanafi schoolil nilanilkkunnu. vishwaasathinte swabhaavavum manushikamaaya yukthiyude sthaanavumaanu vyathyasthamaaya karyangal. imen" (vishwaasam) vardhikkukayo kurayukayo cheiyunnillennu maathrthoordeeyarum parayunnu, marichu sthiramaayi thudarunnu; pakaram athu vardhikkukayum kurayukayum cheiyunna "thakhwaa" (bhakti) aanu. vishwaasam vaasthavathil vardhikkukayum kurayukayum cheiyunnuvennu ashareethikal sthireekarikkunnu. madyamo kolapaathakamo polulla chila pradhana papangal velipaadinte sahayamillaathe thinmayaanennu kandethaan sahaayamillatha manushyamanassin kazhiyumennu maathuriditeukal sthireekarikkunnu. daivika velippeduthalillaathe enthengilum nallathaano cheethayaano, niyamaanusrithamaano niyamavirudhamaano ennu arian sahaayamillatha manushya manassinu kazhiyunnillennu ashaarittukal sthireekarikkunnu.
paarambaryavaada daivashaasthram.
parambaraagatha daivashaasthram, chilappol athari school ennu vilikkappedunnu, arabi padamaaya hadeesinte vivarthanamenna nilayil "paarambaryam" enna vakkil ninno "vivaranagal" ennartham varunna arabi padamaaya "athar" enna vakkil ninno aanu athinte peru uruthirinjathu. vipulamaaya daivashaasthraparamaaya oohaapohangalilekku kadakkunnathu ozhivaakkuka ennathaanu paarambaryavaada vishwaasam. khuraan, sunnath, saahaabayude vachanagal ennivaye aasrayikkunna avar, allahuvinte gunavisheshangal avarude swabhaavathe ("bii-laa kaif") chodyam cheyyaathe sweekarikkappedunna madhyapaathayaayi ithine kaanunnu. parambaraagatha mathavibhaagathinte nethaavaayi ahamed ibnu hunbell kanakkaakkappedunnu. aadhunika salafi prasthaanam athari mathavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
mutasila.
ettaam noottaandil basrayil oru daivashaasthra tharkkathinu sesham vaasil ibnu atha hassan alle-basriyude adhyapana paadangal upekshichathodeyaanu muthaasilait daivashaasthram uthbhavichath. adhehavum anuyaayikalum greak thathwachinthayude yuktiyum yukthivaadavum vipuleekarikkukayum avaye islaamika sidhaanthangalumaayi samyojippikkaanum iva randum antharleenamaayi poruthappedunnuvennu kaanikkanum sramikkukayum cheythu. khuraan srishtikkappettathaano atho daivavumaayi sahavarthithvamullathaano, thinma daivathaal srishtikkappettathaano, munkootty nischayikkunnathum swatantra ichhaashakthiyum, khuraanile daivathinte gunavisheshatakal saangalppikamaayo aksharaarthamaayo vyaakhyaanikkappedano, paapikalaya vishwaasikalkku narakatthil shaashwatha shiksha labhikkumo thudangiya daarshanika chodyangal muthaasilidukal charcha cheythu.
murji 'aaa.
vishwaasathe ("imaan") niyamangalil ninnu ozhivaakkumenna vishwaasathode thirichariyaan vanna ellaavareyum soochippikkunna aadyakaala rashtreeya-matha prasthaanatthinte peraayirunnu murjia. utman, alii khilaafathukalil ninnu uthbhavicha murijisttukal khaarijisttukale ethirthu, aaraan yadhaartha muslim, aaraan allennu theerumaanikkaan daivathinu maathrame adhikaaramulloovennum mattu ellah muslimkaleyum musleengal samoohathinte bhaagamaayi kanakkakkanamennum abhiprayappettu. karamiya, sobania ennivayaayirunnu rund pradhana murijaitt upavibhagangal.
khadaariya.
manushyarkk swatantra ichhaashakthiyundennu avakashappetta aadyakaala islaamika daivashaasthranjare soochippikkunna yadhaarthathil apakeerthikaramaaya oru padamaanu khadaariya, avarude vyayaamam avarude pravarthanangalkku utharavaadikalaayitheerunnu, daivika shikshaye nyaayeekarikkukayum lokathile thinmakalude utharavaadithathil ninnu daivathe ozhivaakkukayum cheiyunnu. avarude chila sidhaanthangal pinneedu muthasilikal sweekarikkukayum aashaarikal nirasikkukayum cheythu.
jabria.
khadaariyayil ninnu nerittu vyathyasthamayi, manushyar munkootty nischayikkunnathiloodeyo thiranjeduppo swaathanthryamo illaathe niyanthrikkappedunnu enna vishwaasathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru aadyakaala islaamika daarshanika vidyaalayamaayirunnu jabria. basrayile umayyad raajavamshathinte kaalathaanu jabria vidyaalayam uthbhavichath. eee vidyaalayathinte aadya prathinidhi 724ll vadikkappetta alle-jaad ibnu dirham aayirunnu. vidhi nirbandhithano nirbandhithano aaya oraalude ardham nalkunna ardhathil arabic veraaya jeey-bii-aaril ninnaan eee padam uruthirinjathu. jabria enna padam vividha islaamika grouppukal thettayi kanakkakkiya oru apamanakaramaaya padamaayirunnu, 746 ll maricha jaam ibn safvaante anuyaayikale vivarikkan ashh 'riya aadyam jabria enna padam upayogichu, athil avarude vishwaasam khadaariyaykkum jabriaykkum edayilulla oru madhyasthaanamaayi avar kanakkakki. maruvashathu, muu 'tasilah ashh' aria jabriyayayi kanakkakki, kaaranam avarude abhipraayathil, avar swatantra ichhaashakthiyude yaadhaasthithika sidhaantham nirasichu. shiyakkar ashh 'aria hanbalikaleyum vivarikkan jabria enna padam upayogichu.
jamia.
alle-harit ibnu suraijumaayi svayam bandhapetta aadyakaala islaamika daivashaasthranjanaaya jaam biinn safvaante anuyayikalaayirunnu jaamikal. suuryan asthamikkumbol enthengilum cheiyunnathupole oru manushyan roopakamaayi maathram pravartthikkunna angeyattatthe nirnnaayakathayude vakthavaayirunnu addeham.
battiniya.
grandhangalude "baattin" (aantharika, nigooda) ardham oonnipparayunna chila shiah grouppukalkkidayil vikasippichedutha oru saangalppika tharam thiruvezhuthu vyaakhyaanathin nalkia peraanu "baattiniyya". ismaayilisathinte ellah shaakhakalum athinte druze shaakhakalum ithu nilanirthiyittundu. alavism, bectashism, naadodi matham, hurufikal, alavaittukal enniva samanamaaya vyaakhyaana sambradaayam pinthudarunnu.
sufism.
sufism islaaminte nigooda-aasattik maanamaan, ithu "tasavufi-tarika" ennariyappedunna schoolukalo ordarukalo prathinidheekarikkunnu."aantharikathayude shudheekaranavumaayi bandhapetta islaamika adhyaapanathinte aaa vashamaayaan ithine kaanunnath. mathatthinte kooduthal athmeeya vashangalil shradha kendreekarikkunnathiloodi, oraalkk upayogikkaan pariseelanam nalkenda "avabodhajanyavum vaikarikavumaaya kazhivukal" upayogichu daivathinte nerittulla anubhavam nedaan soofikal shramikkunnu.
thaazhepparayunna pattikayil chila sradheyamaaya soofi oordarukal adangiyirikkunnu
pinneedulla chalanagal.
aafrikkan-american prasthaanangal.
aafrikkayil ninnu padinjaaran ardhagolathilekku konduvanna niravadhi adimakal musleengalaayirunnu, irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil amerikkayile aafrikkan-american samoohathinullil darul islam, vadakke amerikkayile islaamik party, musleem saahodaryathinte palli (emm. aii. bii), vadakke amerikkayile musleem sakhyam, amerikkayile moorish shaasthra kshethram, neshan oof islam (noyi), ansaru allah samooham thudangiya vyathyastha islaamika mathaparavum raashtreeyavumaaya prasthaanangalude uyarcha kandu. aafrikkan-amerikkakkaarkk islaamika paithrikam nalkaan avar shramichu, athuvazhi vamsheeyavum vamsheeyavumaaya vashangalkk valareyadhikam oonnal nalki (karutha deseeyathayum karutha vighadanavaadavum kaanuka). eee karutha muslim prasthaanangal mukhyadharaa islaamil ninnulla sidhaanthangalude kaaryatthil palappozhum valare vyathyasthamaan. avayil iva ulppedunnu
islaamil ahmedia prasthaanam.
1889ll britiish indiayil musleengal kaathirunna mahdi islaamika pravachakanaaya muhammadinte "keezhilulla" pravachakanumaaya mishihaayenn (kristhuvinte randaam varavu) avakashappetta khaadiyanile mirza gulam ahamed aanu islaamil ahmedia prasthaanam sthaapichathu. muhammadinteyum addehathinte aadyakaala anuyaayikaludeyum pinthudarchayaayi islaaminte aadima roopam pinthudarunnathaayi ahmedikal avakaashappedunnu. umma" yeei "yadhaartha" islaamilekku thirike nayikkukayum mattu mathangal islaaminethiraaya aakramanangale paraajayappedutthukayum cheythukondu mohammed nabikk nalkia yadhaartha "shariat" punasthaapikkuka ennathu mirza gulam ahammadinte kadamayaanennu avar vishwasikkunnu.
khuraan naamamaya "khatham anaan-nabiyin" ennathinte vyaakhyaanam, mishihaayude randaam varavinte vyaakhyaanam, khuraan vaakyangal radhaakkal/radhaakkal enniva poornnamaayum nirasikkal, krooshikkaline athijeevichu yeshu indiayil vaardhakyathil marichuvennu vishwasikkal, vaalinte "jihaadinte" vyavasthakal inii niravettappedaathava, daivika velippeduthal (puthiya "shariat" nalkappedaatthidatholam kaalam) orikkalum avasaanikkillenn vishwasikkal, mohammed vareyulla charithratthinte chaakrika swabhaavathilulla vishwaasam, islam shaasthravum thammilulla vairudhyathinte vishwaasyathayil vishwasikkal enniva ulppedunna "mikka" musleengaludeyum "vyathyasthamaaya vishwaasangalum padippikkalukalum undu. saadhaarana islaamika chinthakalil ninnulla eee vyathiyanangal vividha musleem bhooripaksha rajyangalil, prathyekichu paakisthaanil, ahmedikale kadutha peedanatthinu kaaranamaayi, avide avare muslingalallaathavar ennu mudrakuthukayum avarude islaamika mathaparamaya achaarangal shikshaaniyamathile ahmedi-nirddishta niyamangalal shikshikkappedukayum cheiyunnu.
islaamile ahmedia prasthaanatthe pinthudarunnavare rund grouppukalaayi thirichirikkunnu aadyathethu nilavil prabalamaaya ahmedia muslim samudaayavum islaaminte prachaaranathinaayulla lahore ahmedia prasthaanavumaanu. mirza gulam ahamed vaagdaanamcheyyappetta mahdi mohammedinu keezhppetta oru "ummati nabi" yum aanennu valia vibhaagam aksharaarthatthil vishwasikkunnu, athesamayam addeham oru matha parishkartthaavum oru pravachakanum maathramaanennu randaamathethu saangalppika ardhathil vishwasikkunnu. rund ahmedi grouppukalum "daavaa" allengil islaamika missionary pravarthanangalil sajeevamaan, koodaathe khuraaninte niravadhi vivarthanangal, hadeesinte vivarthanangal, khuraante "thafsirukal", muhammadinte "siraahukal", thaarathamya mathathekkurichulla kruthikal ennivayulppede dhaaraalam islaamika saahityangal nirmmichittundu. athinaal, avarude anthaaraashtra swaadheenam avarude anuyaayikalude ennathekkaal valare kooduthalaanu. islaaminte kooduthal yaadhaasthithika vibhagangalil ninnulla muslimkal niravadhi ahmedi vivaadangalum mattu mathangalekkurichulla dharana sweekarichittundu, athodoppam islaamikavum paashchaathyavumaaya vidyaabhyaasathe samanvayippikkunnathinum islaamika school samvidaanangal sthaapikkunnathinum ahmedi sameepanam sweekarichittundu, prathyekichu aafrikkayil.
berlvi/deobandi vibhajanam.
innathe india, paakistaan, bangladesh enniva ulppedunna indian upabhookhandathile sunni musleengal fikhhiloode valareyadhikam hanafikalaaya berlvi, deobandi ennee rund skoolukalaayo prasthaanangalaayo vibhajikkapettu. deobandi punarujjeevanavaada swabhaavamullathaanengilum, berlvi kooduthal parambaraagathavum soofisathilekku chaayvullathumaanu.
gullen/hismet chalanam.
chalanam noor prasthaanatthinte oru shaakhayaayi sthaapithamaayathum madhya eshyayileyum turkeyileyum mattu bhaagangalileyum turkish islaamika pandithanum prasamgakanumaaya fatehullah gulente neethrthwathilulla gullen prasthaanam 180 ladhikam raajyangalile swakaarya schoolukalum sarvakalaashaalakalum anuyaayikalude niravadhi american charter schoolukalum upayogichu vidyaabhyaasathil sajeevamaan. ithu antharvishwaasa sambhashanathinulla forangalkku thudakkamitittund. semait prasthaanatthinte ghadanaye oru vazhakkamulla samghadanaa shringalayaayi visheshippichittundu. prasthaana schoolukalum bisinessukalum praadeshikamaayi samghadippikkukayum anoupachaarika shringalakalumaayi svayam bandhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. skoolukaludeyum vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangaludeyum annathekkurichulla kanakkukal vyaapakamaayi vyathyaasappedunnu; turkeyil ekadesham 300 gullen movement schoolukalum lokamembaadum aayirathiladikam schoolukalum undennu thonnunnu.
islaamika aadunikatha.
aadhunikavaadi salafism" ennum chilappol vilikkappedunna islaamika aadhunikavaadam, islaamika vishwaasathe deseeyatha, janadhipathyam, shaasthram thudangiya aadhunika paashchaathya moolyangalumaayi samanvayippikkaan sramikkunna "aadyathe musleem prathyayashaasthra prathikaranam" ennu visheshippikkappedunna oru prasthaanamaanu.
islamism.
islam oru matham mathramalla, samsthaanathinte niyamaparavum saambathikavum saamoohikavumaaya anivaaryathakale niyanthrikkenda oru rashtreeya samvidaanamaanennu vishwasikkunna vividha moulikavaada kaazhchappaadukalil ninnu uruthirinja oru koottam rashtreeya prathyayashaasthrangalaanu islamism. pala islaamisttukalum svayam atharakkaaraanennu visheshippikkunnilla, ithu oru prathyeka prasthaanamalla. athinte anuyaayikalude mathaparamaya kaazhchappaadukalum prathyayashaasthrangalum vyathyasthamaan, avar avarude vishwaasangale aashrayich sunni islaamisttukalo shiah islaamisttukalo aakam. 2001 septambar 11 aakramanangalude samghaadakanum orupakshe ettavum pramukhanumaaya alle-khwayda, ettavum valuthum orupakshe ettavum pazhakkameriyathumaaya muslim saahodaryam thudangiya grouppukal islaamika grouppukalil ulppedunnu. chila samghadanakal palappozhum akramam nadathunnundengilum mikka islaamika prasthaanangalum ahimsaathmakamaan.
muslim saahodaryam.
dhaar alle-ulam birudadhaariyaaya eejipshyan pandithan hassan alle-bannah sthaapicha oru samghadanayaanu "alle-ikhvaan alle-muslim" (ikhvaan sahodaranmaarodoppam) allengil muslim saahodaryam. vividha shaakhakalulla ithu arab lokathile ettavum valia sunni prasthaanamaanu, koodaathe oru affiliate palappozhum pala arab raajyangalilum ettavum valia prathipaksha partyanu. naalu sunni chinthaadhaarakalile musleengaleyum shiah musleengaleyum amgeekarikkunna mathaparamaya vyathyasangalumaayi muslim saahodaryam bandhappettathalla. lokathile ettavum pazhakkameriyathum valuthumaaya islaamika grooppaanithu. khilaafat punasthaapikkuka, athinidayil samoohathe kooduthal islaamikavalkkarikkuka ennivayaanu athinte lakshyangal. khuraanum sunnath "eaka reference pooyintaayi" ulppeduthuka ennathaanu saahodaryathinte prakhyapitha lakshyam... musleem kudumbatthinteyum vyakthiyudeyum samoohathinteyum jeevithathe kramappeduthunnu... oppam samsthaanavum ".
jamath-iii-islami.
indian upabhookhandathile oru islaamika rashtreeya partyanu jamath-iii-islami (allengil jii). britiish indiayile lahoril 1941ll sayyid abul alaa moududi (moudoodi enna avasaananaamathinte badal aksharavinyaasathode) sthaapicha ithu paakisthaanile ettavum pazhaya mathapaarttiyaan. innu, samanamaaya lakshyangalum prathyayashaasthra sameepanangalumulla sahodari samghadanakal india (jamath-iii-islami hindi), bangladesh (jamath-iii-islami bangladesh), kashmeer (jamath-iii-islami kashmeer), srilanka ennividangalil nilavilundu, koodaathe "vividha bhookhandangalilum raajyangalilum pravartthikkunna" islaamika prasthaanangalumaayum douthyangalumaayum, prathyekichu muslim saahodaryavumaayi (akhvaan-alle-muslimeen) bandhappettavarumayi "adutha saahodaryabandham" undu. paakkisthaanilum banglaadeshilum islaamika niyamaprakaaram bharikkunna oru islaamika sarkkaarine jii vibhavanam cheiyunnu. mathetharathvam, muthalaalitham, soshyalisam allengil thaalpparya adhishtitha banking polulla sanbradaayangal ulppedeyulla paashchaathyavalkkaranathe ithu ethirkkukayum islaamika saambathika kramatheyum khilaafathineyum anukoolikkukayum cheiyunnu. 
hisb uthu tahreer.
"hisb uthu-tahreer" () (vivarthanam vimochana party) oru anthaaraashtra, paan-islaamika rashtreeya samghadanayaanu, athu athinte prathyayashaasthrathe islam ennu visheshippikkunnu, koodaathe muslim lokath islaamika jeevita reethikal punaraarambhikkunnathinaayi islaamika khilaafat (khilaafat) punasthaapikkuka ennathaanu athinte lakshyam. khaleefa muslim samoohathe ("umma") avarude islaamika vishwaasathil onnippikkukayum shariat nadappaakkukayum cheyyum, angane islaaminte mathaparivarthanam lokathinte mattu bhaagangalilekku kondupokum.
khuraan.
khuraanisam allengil khuraaniya (alle khuraaniya) islaaminte oru protestant shaakhayaanu. islaamika maarganirdeshavum niyamavum khuraanil maathram adhishtithamaayirikkanamenna vishwasikkunnathinaal hadees saahithyathinte mathaparamaya adhikaaratheyum aadhikaarikathayeyum ethirkkunnu. khuraanil daivathinte sandesham ithinakam vyakthavum poornnavumaanennum athinaal baahyagrandhangale paraamarshikkaathe athu poornnamaayum manassilakkaan kazhiyumennum khuraanukaar vishwasikkunnu. hadees saahithyathil bhooribhaagavum vyaajamaanenn khuraanukaar avakaashappedunnu, khuraan thanne hadeesine saankethika ardhathilum pothuvaaya ardhathilum vimarshikkunnuvenn vishwasikkunnu.
udaaravum purogamanaparavumaaya islam.
18-19 noottaandukalile islaamika punarujjeevana prasthaanatthil ninnaan liberal islam uthbhavichath. udaaravum purogamanaparavumaaya islaamika samghadanakalum prasthaanangalum praadhamikamaayi paashchaathyalokatthe adisthaanamaakkiyullavayaanu, avaykku pothuvaaya oru matha veekshanam undu, athu pradhaanamaayum "ijtihad" allengil islaaminte vishudha grandhangalude punarvyakhyaanam ennivaye aasrayichirikkunnu. udaaravaadikalum purogamanapararumaaya musleengalude savisheshathakal islaaminte vishudha grandhangalude yuktisahavum vimarsanaathmakavumaaya parisodhanayum punarvyakhyaanam; janadhipathyam, lingasamathvam, manushyaavakashangal, elgbt avakashangal, vanita avakashangal, mathaparamaya bahuswarata, antharvishwaasa vivaham, abhipraaya swaathanthryam, chinthaaswaathanthryam, mathaswaathanthryam ennivayude sthireekaranavum prachaaranavum; daivathanthrathodulla ethirppum islaamika mathamoulikavaadatheyum islaamika moulikavaadatheyum poornnamaayum nirasikkal; islaamika daivashaasthram, dhaarmikatha, "shariat", samskaaram, paarambaryam, islaamile mattu aachaaraparamaaya sanbradaayangal ennivayude aadhunika veekshanam ennivayaanu.
mahdavia.
pathinanjaam noottaandinte avasaanathil indiayil sthaapithamaaya oru mahdiyist vibhagamaanu mahdavia allengil mahdaavisam, panthrandaam shiah paarambaryatthinte maranjirikkunna panthrandaam imaamaayi svayam prakhyaapicha sayyid mohammed jaunpuri. avar sunni sidhaanthathinte niravadhi vashangal pinthudarunnu. sikri mahdavi athawa sikri mahdavi prasthaanatthinte oru shaakhayaanu.
bhinnamathakkaraaya musleengal.
"noonn-demonicational muslimkal" () ennathu oru prathyeka islaamika vibhaagathil pedaattha, eathenkilum prathyeka islaamika vibhaagathil svayam thirichariyaattha, allengil thirichariyaan kazhiyunna islaamika skoolukaludeyum shaakhakaludeyum keezhil eluppathil tharamthirikkaan kazhiyaatha muslimkalkkum avarkkum upayogicha oru kudakkeezhaanu. lokathile muslim janasamkhyayude naalilonn perum bhinnamathakkaraaya musleengalaanu.
ettu raajyangalile muslim janasamkhyayil bhooripakshavum mattu moonnu rajyangalil bahubhooripakshavum albania (65 sathamaanam), kyrgyzstan (64 sathamaanam), kosovo (58 sathamaanam), indoneshya (56 sathamaanam), maalii (55 sathamaanam), bosnia hersegovina (54 sathamaanam), usbekistan (54 sathamaanam), azarbaijan (45 sathamaanam), russia (45 sathamaanam), naijeeriya (42 sathamaanam) ennivayaanu. iva pradhaanamaayum madhya eshyayilaanu kaanappedunnath. janasamkhyayude 74 shathamaanatholam varunna noonn-demonicational musleengalude ettavum valia samkhya kassaakhisthaanilaanu. middle eesttile janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagavum sunniyo shiayo aanennu thirichariyumbol, ganyamaaya ennam musleengal noonn-demonicational aayi thirichariyunnu. thekkukizhakkan europil dhaaraalam noonn-demonicational musleengalum undu.
1947ll eejipthile keyroyilaanu vargeeyethara prasthaanam sthaapithamaayathu. athinte anuyaayikalil palarum alle-ahsar sarvakalaashaalayile unnatha pandithanmarayirunnu. sunnikalum shiyikalum thammilulla vidavu nikathaan eee prasthaanam shramichu. shramichu avasaanathil eejipshyan president gamal abdel nasser thante videsanayathinu paan-islaamisathinte prayojanam kandethiyathode eee prasthaanam vishalamaaya pothujanangalilekku ethi.
lokamembaadum amgangalulla paakistaan aasthaanamaayulla oru noonn-demonicational muslim samghadanayaanu tholu-iii-islam (islaaminte punarujjeevanam). gulam ahamed purvace aanu eee prasthaanatthinu thudakkam kurichathu.
salafisavum vahaabisavum.
"ahle hadees".
pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil indian upabhookhandathil uyarnnuvanna oru prasthaanamaanu ahal-iii hadees (,:). athinte anuyaayikal svayam "ahal alle-hadees" ennu vilikkukayum "salafia" skoolinte oru shaakhayaayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheiyunnu. naadodi soofisavumaayi bandhapetta vividha vishwaasangalkkum nigoodamaaya sanbradaayangalkkum virudhamaanu ahal-iii hadees. ahal-iii hadees wahabi prasthaanavumaayi niravadhi saidhaanthika samanathakal pankidunnu, athinaal palappozhum athiraalikal "vahaabikalude" paryaayamaayi tharamthirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, athinte anuyaayikal eee padavi nirasikkukayum svayam "salaafikal" ennu svayam thirichariyaan ishtappedukayum cheiyunnu.
"salafia" prasthaanam.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil uyarnnuvanna sunni islaaminullile oru yaadhaasthithikamaaya, islaamika (parishkarana) prasthaanamaanu "salafia" prasthaanam, athu "bhaktharaya poorvvikarude" ("salaf alle-salih") paarambaryangalilekku madangivaraan vaadikkunnu. oro pandithanum saamoohikavum daivashaasthraparavum raashtreeyavumaaya spektrathiludaneelam vyathyastha kaazhchappaadukal prakadippikkunna "athivegam valarunna islaamika prasthaanam" ennaanu ithine visheshippichirikkunna. mohammed nabiye addehathinte aadyakaala anuyayikalaaya alle-salaf alle-salia anukarichukondu, 'vishudha poorvvikar' ennu visheshippikkaavunna, islaaminodulla moulikavaada sameepanam sweekarikkunnathaayi samgrahikkaavunna oru sidhaanthamaanu salafikal pinthudarunnathu...avar mathaparamaya puthumakal allengil "bidah" nirasikkukayum "shariat" (islaamika niyamam) nadappaakkunnathine pinthunaykkukayum cheiyunnu."salafi prasthaanatthe palappozhum moonnu vibhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu ettavum valia group raashtreeyam ozhivaakkunna shudhivaadikalaanu (allengil nishabdavaadikal); randaamathe valia group raashtreeyathil earppedunna theevravaada pravarthakaraanu; moonnaamatheyum avasaanatheyum group nyoonapakshamaaya jihaadikalaanu. akramasakthamaaya islaamika grouppukalil bhooribhaagavum salafi-jihaadist prasthaanatthil ninnum avarude upagrooppukalil ninnumaanu varunnath. sameepa varshangalil, jihadi-salaafist sidhaanthangal palappozhum islaamika theevravaada prasthaanangaludeyum alle-khwayda, aisil/icis/iss/daish, bokko harram thudangiya niraparaadhikalaaya saadhaaranakkaare lakshyamitulla theevravaada samghadanakaludeyum sayudha kalapangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. arab lokathile pradhana islaamika prasthaanamaaya muslim saahodaryam polulla samghadanakalil pravartthikkunna rashtreeya pravartthanatthinte neenda paarambaryamulla salafi pravarthakaraanu randaamathe valia samgham. arab vasanthakaalathinusheshamulla vyapakamaaya adichamarthalukalum avarude rashtreeya paraajayangalum moolam aaktivist-salafi prasthaanangal thakarnnadinju. raashtreeyathil ninnu pinmaarunnathil vishwasikkukayum "fitna" (araajakathvam) ozhivakkaan ethra svechaadhipathyam kaanichaalum musleem sarkkaarukalodu vishwasthatha sweekarikkukayum cheiyunna nishabdavaadikalaanu ettavum kooduthal.
wahabism.
madhya arabiyile najd mekhalayil ninnulla mathaprabhashakanaaya hanbali pandithanum daivashaasthranjanumaaya mohammed ibnu abd alle-wahab sthaapichathum nayichathumaaya wahabi prasthaanam arabian upadveepil soud sabha adhikaarathilethunnathil pradhana pankuvahichu. ibnu abd alle-wahab, islaamika mathatthinte adisthaana thathwangalaanennu thaan vishwasichathilekku madangikkondu, islaamithara janapriya mathavishwaasangalil ninnum achaarangalil ninnum islaamine punarujjeevippikkanum shudheekarikkaanum shramichu. khuraanil ninnum hadees saahithyathil ninnumulla udharanikal niranjathum addehathinte pradhanavum munpanthiyilullathumaaya daivashaasthra grandhamaaya "kitab attu-tauhid" (; "ekathvathinte pusthakam") polulla hraswavum niranjathumaaya kruthikalaayirunnu addehathinte kruthikal. islaaminte praadhamika sidhaantham daivathinte (tauheed) savisheshathayum ekathvavumaanennu addeham padippikkukayum mathavirudhamaaya naveekaranathinum ("bidah") bahudaivavaadathinum ("shirk") samaanamaayi thaan kanakkaakkunna musleengalkkidayile janapriya mathavishwaasangaleyum achaarangaleyum apalapikkukayum cheythu.
khuraaninte aksharaarthatthilulla vyaakhyaanathil vishwasikkunna vishudha veekshanangalulla sunni islaaminte yaadhaasthithikavum karsanavum moulikavaadavumaaya shaakhayaayi vahaabisathe visheshippichittundu. wahabi", "salaphism" ennee padangal chilappol parasparam maattivaykkappedunnu, ennirunnaalum "wahabi" enna padavi mohammed ibnu abd alle-vahaabinteyum addehathinte parishkaranavaada sidhaanthangaludeyum anuyaayikalkk prathyekamaayi baadhakamaan. wahabi" enna label addehathinte anuyaayikal avakashappettirunnilla, avar saadhaaranayaayi svayam "alle-muwahidun" ("daivathinte ekathvathe sthireekarikkunnavar") ennu vilikkunnu, marichu paashchaathya pandithanmaarum addehathinte vimarshakarum ithu upayogikkunnu. 1970 kaludeyum 1980 kaludeyum madhyathil, soudi arabia pershyan gulfile mattu arab raajyangalum anukoolamaayi sunni islaaminullil salaafisathinteyum vahaabisathinteyum anthaaraashtra pracharanam franch rashtreeya shaasthranjanaaya gilles kepel "islaaminte aagola aavishkaarathil shakthiyude pradhana sthaanam" ennu nirvachichathu nedi."
septambar septambar aakramanathinu 22 maasangalkk sesham, alle-khwaydaye "americaykku onnaam nambar bheekaravaada bheeshaniyaayi" eph. bii. aii kanakkaakkiyappol, pathrapravartthakanaaya steefan schwarts yuu.ezz. 2003 juunil yuu. esinte bheekaravaadam, saankethikavidya, aabhyanthara suraksha ennivayekkurichulla upasamithiyude munbaake nadanna oru hearingle senattar joonn kill vyakthamaayi prasthaavichu.ezz. innathe lokathile bheekaraakramanangalude bhooribhaagathinteyum uravidam vahaabisamaan" ennu senatt abhiprayappettu. aagola "bheekarathaykkethiraaya yuddha" thinte bhaagamaayi, europian paarlamentum vividha paashchaathya suraksha vishakalana vidagtharum rand korppareshaneppolulla think taankukalum vahaabisathe "aagola bheekarathayude uravidam" ennu aaropikkunnu. koodaathe, wahabism musleem samoohathil ("umma") bhinnatha srishtichathaayi aaropikkappedukayum islaaminte aadyakaala charitravumaayi bandhapetta niravadhi islaamika, saamskaarika, charitraparamaaya sthalangalum soudi arabiayile aadya thalamurayile musleengalum (muhammadinte kudumbavum koottaalikalum) athinte anuyaayikal nasippichathinu vimarshikkappedukayum cheythu.

