
juulii shwabe

oru britiish jeevakaarunya pravartthakayum vidyaabhyaasa vidagthanum school sthaapakayumaayirunnu juulii shwabe (allengil juulii salis-shwabe; 31 januvari 1818-20 meyy 1896). avar italiyil schoolukal sthaapikkukayum yukeyil ippol frobel koleju ennariyappedunna swaadheenamulla "frobel vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanam" sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
jeevitam.
1818-ll bremenil janicha shwabe, 20 vayassullappol westphalian jootha vamshaja ennaal unitarian palliyilekku parivartthanam cheyyappettathumaaya maanchasttarile vijayakaramaya kottan printaraaya thante cussin salis (salomon benn elias) shwabe vivaham kazhichu. 1837 october 14 nuu avarude vivaahasamayath avar juulii ennariyappettu. avarude bharthaav rund varsham munbu oru britiish pouranaayi. soshyalisathe veruthirunnuvenkilum addeham thante pravartthakarumaayi aduthu pravarthichu. eee kaazhchappaad aavasyamullavarkku bhakshanam nalkiyaal aanukoolyangal kaanaan kazhiyunna juulii pankittilla.
orikkal ludait kalaapathil kedupaadukal sambhavicha oru sthaapitha millu salis shwabe vaangi. eee parutthi achadi faaktariyil ninnu shwaabikal valare sambannaraayitheernnenkum avarude jeevanakkarkkaayi oru school library sthaapikkunnathinulla panavum avar nalki.
maanchasttarinaduthulla crumpsel house, byoomaarisinaduthulla oru ozhivusamaya vasathiyaya glin garth, paareesile oru veedu ennividangalil nadatthiya vinodathinu shwabe ariyappettirunnu. 1848-ll avar crumpsel housilekku thamasam maari, 1851-leeii sensus prakaram, schwabukaleyum avarude ezhu kuttikaleyum athidhikaleyum paripaalikkunna groundukalum stabilukalum pathinaar staafukalum ulla oru georgian shailiyilulla veedaayirunnu ithu. staafil nazhsumaar ulppedunnu, oru kaalath avar oru govarnoraayi selestin daudettine niyamichu. daudettu avarude jolie upekshichathinusesham, paareesilvechu avalkkethire kolapaathakakkuttam chumatthi. oru doctor maarsdante anchu penmakkale paareesilekk kondupokaan daudettu jolie cheythirunnu, avide avar svayambhogam "sukhappeduthum". marsden daudettum penkuttikale chikilsikkaanum sukhappeduthaanum niyanthranangalum shikshakalum earppeduthiyirunnu. pinmaran kazhinjillengil thante penmakkale upekshikkumennu marsden bheeshanippedutthi. merii aan marsden kroorathayum pattiniyum moolamo daudettu paranjathupole waving chuma moolamo marichu. shwabe avarude vichaaranaykk oru kathaapaathrasaakshiyaayi hajaraayi, maranathinu kaaranamaayathin doodett kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethiyappol (kroorathaykkulla appeelil kuranju) shwabe novelist chaals dicansine madhyasthatha vahikkaan parajayappettu.
swatantra vyaapaarathinaayi pracharanam nadathave richard cobden bharyaykkumoppam shwaabukal europe paryadanam nadatthi. maanchasttarile oru infermeric fund swaroopikkaan avar frederic choppin sandarshikkaan krameekarichu. addeham avarodoppam crumpsel hausil thaamasichu, kurachu divasam koodi thaamasichirunnenkil adutha celebrity house gust aaya jenni lindine kandumuttene.
jenni lind giuseppe garibaldic 1,000 poundu samaaharichu. 1860ll shwabe garibaldiyilekku durithaashwaasa saamagrikal ayachu, adutha varsham avar "itaaliyan ladys fortloperic association" roopeekarichu. bhakshanathinum vidyaabhyaasathinum vendi avar samaaharicha 3,000 poundinte bhaagamaayirunnu lind kacheri. headmaster emily reeve collara baadhichu marikkunnathuvare anchu varshatholam neenduninna naplesil oru praadhamika vidyaalayam sthaapichappol shwabe vyakthiparamayi vidyaabhyaasam samghadippichu. school adachupoottendi vannuvenkilum shwabe vidyaabhyaasathodulla thaalparyam nashtappettilla. 1873-ll shwabe naplesil mattoru vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanam aarambikkaan theerumaanikkukayum aaa aavashyathinaayi "collegio medisico" paattatthinu edukkukayum cheythu. vilyam ellisinte aashayangale adisthaanamaakki schooline sthaapikkaan avar aadyam uddeshichirunnuvenkilum frobalinte ashayangalil ninnu avar kooduthal prachodanam ulkkondirunnu. rottiloode kalikkunnathinupakaram kalikkaan padikkunnathil frobal vishwasichirunnu. kuttikal vidyaabhyaasathinte adisthaanakaaryangalum upajeevanamaargam sthaapikkaan upayogikkaavunna kazhivukalum padikkanamennu frobal shwabe aagrahichu. naplesile shwabeyude schoolukal itaaliyan, neopolitan raashtreeyakkaaril ninnu cheria sambhaavanakalum 1876 aayappozhekkum britiish pathrangalil coverage nedukayaayirunnu.
1890-kalil avar thante ashayangal englandilekku thirike konduvannu, avide avar frobel vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanathinu dhanasahayam nalki. jeevitashailiyil kooduthal mithavyayathode pravarthichukondaanu shwabe 2,000 poundu samaaharichathenn parayappedunnu. avar clad montefiorineyum sarr vilyam matherineyum sahayikkaan prerippikkukayum leopold maria dii rohts child avarude pinthuna nalkukayum cheythu. eee padhathikku frederic chakravartthiyude pinthunayum labhichu. pramukhar samsaarikkumbol pickedilliyile rohts chaildinte veettilaayirunnu 1894leeii yogam. sarkkar vidyaabhyaasa vakupp sekrattari jorjju vilyam kekkevich montefiorine treasurer maathar chairmaanaayum pinthunachu.
1896ll muun collegio medisinil vachu shwabe naplesil vachu marichu. 1887ll eee vidyaalayathe "instittikko frobeliano internaashanal vittoriyo emyoole II" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum 1889 aayappozhekkum anchu muthal pathinettu vareyulla kuttikale oru varshathe adhyapaka parisheelanathinulla oopshanumaayi anchu skoolukalaayi vibhajichu 950 oolam vidyaarthikalundaavukayum cheythu.
avarude makkaliloralaaya jorjju salis-shwabe, oru sinikanum liberal raashtreeyakkaaranumaayirunu; addehathinte makan 1921 muthal 1924 vare madras haikkodathiyude cheef justisaayirunna sarr walter jorjju salis shwabe aayirunnu.

