
gradation (kala)

vishwal artsil, gradation ennathu kramena oru niratthil ninnu mattonnilekku, allengil oru nizhalil ninnu mattonnilekku, allengil oru gadanayilekku maarunna saankethikathayaanu. sthalam, dooram, anthareeksham, vooliyam, valanjatho vrithaakruthiyilullatho aaya roopangal enniva gradation upayogichu srishtikkappedunna chila vishwal efakttukalaanu.
kalaa maadhyamatheyum krithyamaaya aavasyamulla phalatheyum aashrayich kalakaaranmaar gradation srishtikkaan vividha reethikal upayogikkunnu. blending, shading, hatching, crosshatching enniva saadhaarana reethikalaanu. oru torchen upayogichu paastalukal upayogichu oru mangal prabhavam srishtikkaan kazhiyum.
photography gradation.
photographukal rachikkunnathinum gradation upayogapradamaakum. photography vikasanathinte aadya dashakangalil photographukalile gradation vishadaamshangal mechappeduthukayenna lakshyathode valareyadhikam parisramavum pareekshanangalum ulppettirunnu. vishadamaaya gradation uthppaadippikkunnathil sthiramaaya mechappeduthalode lithographukalum aadyakaala photographukalum nirmikkunnathil vyathyastha vasthukkal pareekshichu. 1878ll oru photographer ezhuthi 
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil haff toonn photography vikasanamaayirunnu oru pradhana naveekaranam. haff toonn photography oru photomechnical transfer camera (pmt) upayogichu oru yadhaartha photoyude punarnirmmaanam srishtikkunnathu ulppedunnu, anthima punarnirmmaanatthil gradation srishtikkunnathinulla oru idanila upakaranamaayi haff toonn screen. haaftton screenukal cheria dottukalude thudarchayaaya paatten kondu nirmmicha oru plate allengil philim aanu, oru photomechanical transfer camerayil upayogikkumbol haaftton screen oru imej filteraayi varthikkunnu. haaftton photography kandupidutham oru pradhana naazhikakkallaayirunnu, ithu pathrangalilum maasikakalilum bahujana prasidheekaranathinaayi photographukal punarnirmikkaan anuvadichu.
gradation pidichedukkaan photographer upayogikkunna metteeriyalukalum upakaranangalum analog photography parimithappedutthunnu. digital photography eee parimithikal illaathaakkunnu, avide gradation srishtikkunnathinu photograph chithrangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan software upayogikkaam.

