thaalaparamaaya oafees

roman catholica sabhayude aaraadhanaakramathil, oru thaalaparamaaya oafees ennathu oru vibhaagam allengil oru muzhuvan mathaparamaya sevanamaanu, athil sthuthigeethangal oru prathyeka thaalathaal niyanthrikkappedunnu ennu mathramalla, sankeerthanangalum paadangalum ozhike, praayogikamaayi matellaa bhaagangalum meter, thaalam allengil praasam kaanikkunnu. avaye varsifikkeshan oafees allengil uchithamenkil, remed oafees ennum vilikkunnu.
aaraadhanaaparamaaya horari praarthana, purohithante canonical samayam allengil "breeviyari" yude oafees ennivayaanu saadhaarana udaaharanagal. udaaharanathinu, thaalaparamaaya bhagangal ivayaayirikkum oro sankeerthanathinum ethirbhaagangal; magnificat, invittoriyam, benedictus ennivaykku; athupole praarthanakalkkum onpathu paadangalkkum sheshamulla prathikaranangalum pathipum; palappozhum paadangalkku munbulla anugrahangalum; minor hoar (prime, ters, sekst, onnum) ennathinulla ethirbhaagangalum.
padavali.
atharam oru offeesinte pazhaya saankethika padam historiya aayirunnu, adhika "raitmatta" allengil "rimatta" illaathe, pilkkala ezhuthukaarude bhaagath ninnu palappozhum thettidhaaranaykku kaaranamaaya oru padaprayogam. yadhaarthathil antifoneukalum prathikaranangalum chilappol randum orumichu oru vishudhante charithrathe vipuleekarikkaano abhipraayamidaano sahayichu enna vasthuthayilaan eee perinte kaaranam, athil randaamathe raathriyude vaayanayil oru hraswa rekhaachithram undaayirunnu.
kramena eee peru oru "charithrathekkurichu" oru vakkupolum parayaattha offeesukalilekku mattappettu, athinaal "historiya ss" enna prayogam naam kandethunnu. thrinittettis ". aantiphonukal, sankeerthanangal, sthuthigeethangal, paadangal, prathikaranangal enniva nischitha kramatthil parasparam pinthudarunna samkshiptharekhayude saadhaarana offeesinte ghadana, thaalaparamaaya offeesinte swaabhaavika roopamaayirunnu. sthuthigeethangal, sequenceukal allengil mattu tharatthilulla kavithakal pole puthiya enthengilum kandupidikkunna chodyamaayirunnilla athu, marichu gadya roopathilulla oru vaachakathin pakaram kavithayude roopathil oru vaachakam srishtikkuka ennathaayirunnu, avide padhathi nilaninnirunnu, theerchayaayum athinte ellah bhagangalilum krameekarichirikkunnu. thaalaparamaaya offeesukale vyathyastha vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkunnathinulla oru adisthaanamaayirikkaavunna oru vikasanam oru idungiya feeldil parimithappedutthiyirikku, athaayath oafees bhaagangalude baahya roopam avaa kaavyathmakamaaya veshathil kaanapedunnu. ivide charitraparamaaya kramatthil inipparayunna kathaapaathrangal naam kaanunnu
thathfalamaayi, oraalkk moonnu tharam thaalaparamaaya offeesukal verthirichariyaan kazhiyum
randaam klaas oru parivartthana avasthaye prathinidheekarikkunnu, athinaal grouppukale onnaam yugathile grouppukal, parivartthana kaalaghattatthile grouppukal, moonnaam yugathile grouppukal ennu vilikkam, seekwansukaleppole thanne, ennirunnaalum randaamathethil swabhaavaparamaaya vyathyasam valare vyakthamaan. moonnu grouppukalkkum oru pothunamam venamenkil, "historiya rimatta" nirddeshikkunna "rimed oafees" enna prayogam paar mejar ettu pottiyorinu thikachum anuyojyamaayirikkum, athil mikachathum ettavum kalaparavumaaya offeesukal ulppedunnu; eee padavi "gerimts oofisiyam" (reimposium) germmaniyil "analecta sthuthigeethathiloode" sweekarichu. ennirunnaalum, aadyathethum pazhayathumaya offeesukal praasamillaathavayaanu, avaye praasamulla offeesukal ennu vilikkaan kazhiyilla.
madhyakaalakhattathil, aaa kavithakalil pathiv thaalamundengilum illengilum, gadyathil ninnu verthirichariyaan "thaalaathmaka" enna vaakk eathutharam kavithakalkkum pothuvaaya padamaayi upayogichirunnu. athukondaanu "historiya raitmatta" yumayi poruthappedunna oru padamaaya shudha gadyam ozhikeyullathellaam "thaalaparamaaya offeesukal" enna peril ulppeduthunnathu praayogikamaanu.
kaavyaroopathinaayulla madhyakaalakhattatthinte mungananaykku purame, vishudharude 'vitt metrik' aayirunnu thaalaparamaaya padavikalkkulla purappadum uddeshyavum. aaa vittoo palappozhum hexameterukalilo distichukalilo rachikkapettu. avaril ninnu yathaakramam hexameterukaludeyo oru distikkinteyo vividha jodikal antifonaayo prathikaranamaayo upayogichu. vitrikkile" shadbhujangal vendathra anuyojyamallennu theliyikkappettal, offeesile kurravulla bhaagangalkk lalithamaaya gadyamo allengil prasa gadyathile vaakyangalo, athaayath "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" " iii., valare kurachu thaalamulla, ennaal kevalam anurananamulla vyathyastha neelamulla vaachaka varikaliloode. atharam offeesukal palappozhum shadbhujaakrithiyilullathum thaalaathmakavumaaya vaakyangal, shudhamaaya gadyathile vaakyangal, veendum padhya gadyathile vaakyangal ennivayude sammisramaanu.
udaaharanagal.
gadya prathikaranangalumayi samyojippicha oru pazhaya mettarikkal offeesinte oru udaaharanam sent. lambert (anal. sthuthigeethangal., XXVIi, illa. 79), ellah aantiphonukalum aaa vishudhante vittoo metrik 'll ninnu kadameduthirikkumbol, orupakshe sent huckbaldinte srishtiyaayirikkaam. onpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode leejile bishop steefanaanu eee oafees rachichathu
907 ll huckbald rachicha rectrudicinte pazhaya offeesil (gudadvaaram), padhya gadyathile asamamaya varikalaal roopappetta shadbhujangalude, thaalaathmakamaaya charanangalude, charanangalude sammisranam kaanikkunnu. sthuthigeethangal., xiii, illa. 87). invittettoriyathilena saadhaarana hexaameettarukalude vashath
prashamsikkunna aadyathe aantiphon pole thaalaathmakamaaya varikal nammal kandethunnu
allengil valare swathanthramaaya thaalatthilulla varikal, iii. jii.aadya raathriyodulla randaamathe prathikaranam
svarangalil ninnu, shudhamaayathil ninnum, praasaathmaka gadyavumaayi kalarnnathil ninnum, taamasiyaathe kevalam praasaathmaka gadyam ulkkollunnathilekku parivartthanam cheythu. itharathilulla oru udaaharanam alrichinte offeesukalilaanu, ithu reachenoyile madaadhipathi berno rachichu (dii. 1048); aadyathe vesparukalude maagnifikkettilekkul aantiphon aarambhikkunnath iprakaaramaanu
maruvashathu, offeesile thaalamaanu kooduthal poornnamaayum vikasippicheduthath, ithu gregory dhii grettinte (guda) bahumaanaartham lioo ix rachichu. sthuthigeethangal., vii, illa. 64). pathinonnam noottaandil roman samkshipthalekhanangalil prathyakshappetta eee oafees, taamasiyaathe vyapakamaaya pracharanam aasvadichu; athinte ellah vaakyangalum iambic dimeterukalaanu, pakshe thaalam ithuvare vaakkinte swaabhaavika ucharanavumaayi poruthappedunnilla, koodaathe pala vaakyangalkkum oru aksharam adhikamo aksharasanchayamo undu. udaaharanathinu, aadya raathriyile aadyathe aantiphon
eee parivartthana rachayithaav shudhamaaya kavithaye upayogikkunnilla, kavithayude munnodiyaaya swaram maathram.
kaantarbariyile aarch bishop pechaminte thrimoorthikalude oafees oru pradhana udaaharanamaanu.
aadyathe wesperukal aantiphonukalil ninnaan aarambhikkunnath
valare vyathyasthamaaya gadanayulla aadya raathriyumaayi munkaala aantifonukalumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyuka; avayil moonnaamathethu
veendum, moonnaamathe raathriyodulla aadya prathikaranam
athil inipparayunna roopathilulla trimoorthiyude chithram randaamathe prathikaranamaayi pinthudarunnu
charithram.
proom abbe, landavenech abbe allengil seyint-aamand abbe ennee moonnu pazhaya abbekalil aarkkaan oru thaalaparamaaya oafees rachikkunnathil munganana nalkaan kazhiyukayennu vyakthamalla. ennirunnaalum, vishudha-aamandil ninnum heinolt, flandezhs, braabant ennividangalile ashramangalil ninnum onpathaam noottaand muthal eee kavithaasaahithyathinte yadhaartha arambham undaayi ennathil samshayamilla. samgeethathil oru thudakkakkaranaaya vishudha-aamandinte sanyasi huckbald kuranjathu rund, orupakshe naalu, thaalaparamaaya offeesukalenkilum rachichu; koodaathe pazhaya offeesukalil bhooribhaagavum vishudha-aamandinte bandhamullah aaa aashramangalilum nagarangalilum aaraadhanaakramamaayi upayogichirunnu. avide ninnu valare vegam francilake eee puthiya shaakha ethi, pathaamatheyum pathinonnaamatheyum noottaandukalil, prathyekichu panthrandaamattheyum pathimoonnaamatheyum noottaandukalil ithu vikasippichu.
ithil ulppetta kavikal 
frankish raajasabhayile oorkkastrayude directoraayirunnu juuliyan voonn spare, pinneedu fraansiskan fryer paarees konventile gaayaka maastarum, avide ekadesham 1240 ll francis oof assisiyudeyum aanthani oof paduvayudeyum (gudadvaaram) bahumaanaartham rund prashastha offeesukalkkaayi addeham vaakkukalum samgeethavum rachichu. sthuthigeethangal., vii, nambar. 61 umm 42 umm). fraansiskan kramatthile vishudharudeyum mattullavarudeyum bahumaanaartham thudarchayaayi niravadhi offeesukalude oru maathrkayaayi eee rund nirmmaanangalum pravarthichu. germmaniyil fraansilennapole thanne prasaparamaaya offeesukalum janapriyamaayirunnu. onpathaam noottaandil thanne sent. orupakshe fryar wandelbert (gudadvaaram) vazhiyaayirikkam kraisaantasinteyum darriayudeyum uthbhavam. sthuthigeethangal, XXV, illa. 73); orupakshe adhikam vaikathe landavenekkinte madaadhipathiyaaya gurdestin vazhi sent. vinvalus (anal. sthuthigeethangal., xviii, illa. 100). munkaalakhattatthile thaalaparamaaya offeesukalile mattu rund rachayithakkal germmaniyil ninnullavarayi ariyappedunnu raichenoyile abbot berno (maranam 1048), augsburgile maishaakkinte abbot udalshalk (maranam 1150).
pathinanjaam noottaandinte avasaanathil ulppettavayaan mattu jarmman kavikal, avarude perukal nalkaam. jii. stainbergile provost lipold meysenile bishop johann hofman. eee shailiyilulla kavithakalil englandu aadyakaala pankaalittham vahichirunnuvenkilum avide ninnu uthbhavicha mikka offeesukalum nashtappettu. aarch bishop pechaminte thrimoorthikalude oafees mukalil charcha cheythittundu. addehathinte aduthullava paraamarshikkappedendavayanu, kardinal aadam eesttan (maranam 1397), linkanile carmelite joonn horneby, 1370-ll yeshuvinte vishudhanaamathinteyum our lady sandarshanathinteyum bahumaanaartham oru prasaparamaaya oafees rachichu.
italikku thaarathamyena cheria praathinidhyamundennu thonnunnu; roome thanne, i. iii. namukkariyaavunnathupole, "roman samkshiptharoopam" puthumakale anukoolichilla, thalphalamaayi thaalaparamaaya offeesukal sweekarikkaan vimukhatha kaanichu. aarch bishop aalphons oof salerno (1058-85) itharathilulla ettavum pazhaya itaaliyan kaviyaanu. addehathinupurame madaadhipathiyaaya reynaldus dii kole dii messo (panthrandaam noottaand) dominikkanmaarude generalaya kapuvayil ninnulla reymondes dii vinais (pathinalam noottaand) undu. sisiliyilum speyinilum prasaparamaaya offeesukal janapriyavum valare annamullathumaayirunnu, ennaal pathinanjaam noottaandinte madhyathil anugraheeta kanyakayude (gudadvaaram) bahumaanaartham oru oafees rachicha fraansiskan fra gill dii samora ozhike. sthuthigeethangal., xviii, illa. 8) thaalaparamaaya padavikal rachikkunnathil pankeduttha mattethenkilum kaviyude peru aaa rund rajyangalil ninnu udharikkunnathu asaadyamaanu.
pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, scandinaviayil skaarayile bishop brinolphus (1278-1317), upsala aarch bishop birgeres gregori (maranam 1383), lincopingile bishop nicolas (1374-91), oolaandile johannes benechini (ekadesham 1440) ennivar prasaparamaaya offeesukalode munnilethi.
samgeethasamvidhaayakante peru ariyappedunna offeesukalude ennam valare kuravaanu. analecta sthuthigeethathiloode" ezhunooriladhikam anjjaatha thaalaparamaaya offeesukal velichathu konduvannu. kalaaparamaayi avayil valia vyathyaasamund.

