
ornithomimas

padinjaaran vadakke amerikkayile avasaanathe cretatius kaalaghattatthile campanian, mastrictian kaalaghattatthile ornithomimidu theropod dinosarukalude oru janussaanu ornithomimas ("pakshi anukarikkuka"). "ornithomimas" oru vegameriyathum bipedal dinosarumaayirunnu, ithu thoovalukalaal moodappettathaanennum sarvvabhakshana bhakshanathe soochippikkunna oru cheria pallillaatha kokku kondu sajjeekarichirikkunnavum phoosil thelivukal soochippikkunnu. ithine saadhaaranayaayi rund inangalaayi tharamthirikkunnu ornithomimas velox, ornithomimas edmontanicus. "oo. 1890ll othneel chaals marsh, kolaradoyude denver roopeekaranathil ninnulla oru call, bhagika kaii ennivayude adisthaanathil velox ennu namakaranam cheythu. athinusesham pathinezh enangalkku koodi peru nalkiyittundu, ennirunnaalum avayellaam pinneedu puthiya janussilekku niyogikkappedukayo allengil "ornithomimas veloxumaayi" nerittu bandhamillenn kaanikkukayo cheythu. ippozhum janussinte bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna enangalude ettavum mikacha padaartham alberta kandethiyittundu, ithu 'oo' inathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. edmontanicus, "kuthirakkallinte malayidukkinte roopeekaranathil ninnulla niravadhi asthikoodangalil ninnu ariyappedunnu. mattu roopeekaranangalil ninnulla adhika enangaleyum maathrkakaleyum chilappol ornithomimas samuveli ("dromysiomimus" allengil "strutheomimus" enna janussil marimari tharamthirichirikkunnathu) polulla "ornithomimas" ennu tharamthirichittundu.
kandethalinte charithram.
aadyathe inam peru.
ornithomimas" vargeekaranathinteyum pothuve ornithomimidukalude vargeekaranathinteyum charithram valare sankeernamaanu. ornithomimas velox" enna inathinu aadyam peru nalkiyathu oo aanu.sii. 1890-leeii marsh, 1889 juun 30-nuu jorjju lyman peeranki koladoyude denver roopeekaranathil kandethiya ypm 542, ypm 548 (yathaakramam oru bhagika hindlimp, forlimp) ennee sinthaippukale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. pakshi polulla paadatthe paraamarsikkunna greak padangalaaya τρνις (oornis), pakshi, micross (mimos) ennivayil ninnu uruthirinja "pakshi anukarikkuka" ennaanu pothuvaaya perinte ardham. laattin bhashayil eee prathyeka perinte ardham "swift" ennaanu. oresamayam, marsh mattu rund enangalkku peru nalkki "ornithomimas tenus" (maathruka yuu. ezz. enn. emm 5814 adisthaanamaakki), "ornithomimas grandis". innu tyranosoroid metteeriyal ennu ariyappedunna mondaanayil joonn bell hatcher kandethiya shakala fossilukal iva randum ulkkollunnu. thudakkathil, marsh "ornithomimas" oru ornithopod aanennu karuthi, ennaal hatcher vyomingil bhagika ornithomimidu asthikoodamaaya yuu. ezz. enn. emm 4736 enna sample kandethiyappol ithu maari. 1892ll marsh ithinu "ornithomimas sedense" ennu perittu. aaa avasarathil, ypm 1049 (oru mettaarsas) maathrkaye adisthaanamaakki "ornithomimas minutus" srishtichu, ennaal athinusesham ithu oru alvaressoridil pettathaanennu amgeekarikkappettu.
aaraamathe inamaaya "ornithomimas altus" 1902 ll laurence lambe namakaranam cheythu, ithu sample cmn 930 (1901 ll alberta kandethiya hindlimbukal) adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, ennaal 1916 ll henry fairfield oosboon ithine oru prathyeka janussai punarnaamakaranam cheythu "strutheomimus". 1920-ll chaals vitni gillmore anishchithathvathe adisthaanamaakki "driosorus grandis" (luul 1911) ennathinu "ornithomimas affinis" ennu namakaranam cheythu. 1930-ll loris russell "strutheomimus brevertius" (paarkkukal 1926), "strutheomimus samuveli" (paarkkukal 1928) enniva yathaakramam "ornithomimas brevirtius", "ornithomimas samuveli" enningane punarnaamakaranam cheythu. athe varsham thanne olivar perry hayy "aublisodon mirandus" (leady 1868) ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyth "ornithomimas mirandus" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu, ithu innu "dubium" enna perilaanu kaanunnath. 1933-ll vilyam arther paarkkukal "ornithomimas elegans" enna inam srishtikkukayum athu innu "kairostenottukal" allengil "elmisorus" aayi kaanappedukayum cheiyunnu. athe varsham thanne, aantharika mangoliyayil kaanapedunna vasthukkalkk gillmore "ornithomimas eshyaattikkas" ennu perittu.
1933-ll chaals mortram sternberg eee inathinu kuthirakkallinte malayidukkinte roopeekaranathil ninnulla eathaandu poornnamaaya asthikoodathinu (sample sii. emm. enn 8632) "ornithomimas edmontanicus" ennu perittu.
dayle russell punarvarggeekaranam cheythu.
thudakkathil, puthuthayi kandethiya oro ornithomimidinum "ornithomimas" enna inam ennu peridunnathu saadhaaranamaayirunnu. arupathukalil, eee pravanatha ippozhum valare shakthamaayirunnu, ooskaar kuhn beljiyathil ninnu "megalosorus lonsensis" (dollo 1903) ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyth "ornithomimas lonsensis" (innu oru abelisoroid nakhamaayi ariyappedunnu) ennum dayle russell 1967 ll "strutheomimus kareli" (paarkkukal 1933), "strutheomimus injens" (paarkkukal 1933) enningane punarnaamakaranam cheythu. athesamayam, thozhilaallikal ornithomimidu metteeriyal muzhuvan "struteomimus" ennu vilikkunnathu pathivaayirunnu. ornithomimasum" "struteomimus" thammilulla verthiriv shaasthreeyamaayi pareekshichukondu eee ashayakkuzhappam pariharikkunnathin, 1972 ll dayle russell oru morphometric patanam prasidheekarichu. iva randum verthirichariyaan chila anupaathangalile sthithivivarakkanakku vyathyaasangal upayogikkaamenn ithu kaanichu, koodaathe "strutheomimus", "ornithomimas" enniva saadhuvaaya janussaanenn addeham nigamanam cheythu. randaamathethil, russell rund enangale thiricharinju "ornithomimas velox", "ornithomimas edmontanicus" ("ooo" ll ninnu vishwasaneeyamaayi verthirichariyaan addehathinu budhimuttundenkilum). velox "). ornithomimas edmontanicus" ennathinte oru yuva paryaayapadamaayi addeham "strutheomimus karelli" yeei kanakkakki. ennirunnaalum, pala saambilukaleyum "ornithomimas" allengil "struteomimus" ennu vilikkaan kazhiyillennu soochippikkunna tharatthilum russell daattaye vyaakhyaanichu. athinaal addeham rund puthiya vamshangal srishtichu. aadyathethu "archaeornithomimus" aayirunnu."" "ornithomimas eshyaattikkas", "" "ornithomimas affinis" "enniva eee puthiya janussilekku punarniyamichathode" "archaeornithomimus eshyaattikkas", "" "archaeornithomimus affinis" "enningane maari". randaamathethu "emu mimik" ennartham varunna "dromysiomimus" aayirunnu. dromisius" enna emuvinte pazhaya pothuvaaya peril ninnaan ithu varunnath. irupathaam noottaandil "ooo" ulppede niravadhi muun "ornithomimas" enangal russell nalki. breevittarshyas "umm" ooo "umm. dromysiomimus brevitershyas" enna peril eee puthiya janussil "injens". addeham "ornithomimas samuveli" yeei randaamathe "dromysiomimus" inamaayi punarnaamakaranam cheythu "dromysiomimus samuveli".
ornithomimas" ennathilekku thettayi nirvachichu.
nyoojezhsiyude navink roopeekaranathil ninnulla rund tbiac 1865 ll joseph leady "colosorus anticus" ("purathana pollayaya palli") ennu perittu. 1979 ll donald baird joonn aarr. ornithomimas antiques" enna horner. saadhaaranayaayi, ithu "ornithomimas" neey "colosorus" ennathinte juuniyar paryayamaakki maattumaayirunnu, ennaal baird horner "colosorus" enna peru oru kasherukkale adisthaanamaakkiyulla samshayaaspadamaaya taxon aanu ennu kandethi. 1854-ll richard ooven ennariyappedunna oru anjjaatha ezhuthukaaranaanu ithinu "colosorus" ennu aadyam namakaranam cheythath. nyoojezhsiyil ninnum merilaandil ninnumulla mattu niravadhi maathrkakale baird "oo" ennu paraamarshichu. anticus ". 1997 muthal, roobert emm. sullivan "ooo" ennu nokki. velox "umm" ooo "umm. oo" ennathinte juuniyar paryaayamaayi edmontanicus. anticus ". russellineppole, muun rund enangaleyum parasparam verthirichariyaan kazhiyathathaayi addeham kanakkaakkukayum avaa randum "ooo" ennathumaayi savisheshamaaya savisheshathakal pankidunnuvennu shradhikkukayum cheythu. anticus ". ennirunnaalum, david weishampel (2004) "sii" aayi kanakkakki."ornithomimosorukalkkidayil" "anticus" "anishchithathvathilaayathinaal ithu oru" "dubium" "enna perilekku maari". tbyayude savisheshathakalil "colosorus" "galimimus", "ornithomimas" ennivayil ninnu vyathyasthamaanennu soochippichukondu oru ezz. vii. pii 2012 abstract veyshaambalinodu yojichu.
1988ll gregory ezz. pooll vividha inangalaaya "archaeornithomimus", "strutheomimus", "dromysiomimus", "galimimus" ennivaye "ornithomimas" janussai tharamthirichu. ithu mattu thozhilaalikalkkidayil sveekaaryatha nediyittilla, koodaathe eee peru nilavil pooll thanne upayogikkunnilla.
ippozhathe vyaakhyaanangal.
rassalinte padanatthinu sheshavum, eee enangalil chilath allengil ellaam vividha kombineshanukalil "ornithomimas" aayi thirike koottaanulla kaaranagal vividha gaveshakar kandethiyittundu. 2004-ll peettar makoviki, yoshitsugu kobayashi, phil curie ennivar puthuthayi kandethiya maathrkakal kanakkileduthu ornithomimidu bandhangal veendum vishakalanam cheiyunnathinaayi rassalinte 1972-leeii aanupathika sthithivivarakkanakkukal padichu. ooo" ennathinte paryaayamaayi "dromysiomimus" mukki "dromysiomimus" ennathil ninnu "dromysiomimus" verthirikkunnathin nyaayeekaranamillenn avar nigamanam cheythu. edmontanicus ". ennirunnaalum, avayil 'oo' tharam ulppeduthiyitla. eee vishakalanathil velox. ithe team "dromysiomimus" "ooo" umm thammilulla paryaayapadatthe kooduthal pinthunachu. 2006ll sosaitti oof kasherukkal paleantology vaarshika yogathil edmontanicus nadatthiya prabhaashanatthil. avarude abhiprayam pilkkala ezhuthukaar pinthudarnnu. maakovikkiyude team "dromysiomimus samuveli" yeei "oo" yude juuniyar paryaayamaayi kanakkakki. edmontanicus, "deerghakaala sambannanaanengilum pinneedu ithu ithuvare vivarikkappedaatha dinosar paarkk roopeekaranathil ninnulla oru vyathyasthavum perillaathathumaaya inathil pettathaakaamenn abhiprayappettu. dinosar paarkk roopeekaranathinaayulla janthujaalangalude pattikayil longrich eee inathe "ornithomimas samuveli" ennu vilichu.
oo" ennathinu purame. aadyakaala mastrictian kaalaghattatthile edmontanicus, mattu rund enangal nilavil saadhuthayullathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, avayum avasaanathe mastrictian kaalaghattatthil ninnullavayaan. "oo. ooo" ennathinte vivaranathinu oru varshathinusesham yominginte eettayude roopeekaranathil kandethiya bhagika avashishtangalil ninnu 1892ll chathuppunilamaanu sedensinu eee peru nalkiyathu. velox ". 1972-ll ornithomimidukalekkurimlu thante punaravalokanatthil dayle russellinu athu yadhaarthathil eathu janussil pettathaanennu nirnnayikkaan kazhinjilla, ennirunnaalum ithu "struteomimus", "dromysiomimus" ennivaykkidayilulla idatharam aayirikkaamenn addeham anumaanichu. 1985ll addeham ithine "ornithomimas" enna inamaayi kanakkakki. athinusesham ithine pradhaanamaayum "strutheomimus sedense" ennu paraamarshichittundengilum (mondaanayil ninnulla poornna saambilukalum alberta, suscatsheven ennividangalil ninnulla chila shakalangalum adisthaanamaakki) ivaye ithuvare vivarikkaanum "oo" yumayi thaarathamyam cheyyaanum kazhinjittilla. sedense holotype.
mattonn yadhaartha tharam inamaanu "o. velox, "thudakkathil valare parimithamaaya avashishtangalil ninnu ariyappettirunnu. oo" ennu paraamarsikkunna adhika maathrkakal. denver roopeekaranathil ninnum vyominginte ferris roopeekaranathil ninnum velox "vivarichittundu. oo" ennu visheshippikkappedunna oru maathruka. uthayude kaiparovitt roopeekaranathil ninnulla velox (emm. enn. eiii pii1 1762eiii) 1985-ll vivarikkapettu. lindsey sannoy sahapravarthakarum 2010-ll eee maathrkayude punarmoolyanirnayam nadathiyenkilum, "oo" ennathil athinte niyamanathekkurichu samshayam prakadippichu. velox ", orupakshe" ornithomimas "vare. 2015ll "oo" enna punarvivaranam eee nigamanathe pinthunachu. velox, "holotype maathruka maathram aaa inathe aathmavishwaasathode paraamarshikkaamenn kandethi. eee padanatthinte rachayithakkal kaiparovits maathrkaye "ornithomimas ezz. pii." ennu thaalkkaalikamaayi paraamarshichu.", dinosar paarkk roopeekaranathil ninnulla ellah maathrkakalkkoppam.
vivaranam.
mattu ornithomimidukaleppole, "oornithoomimasinte" inathinte savisheshathakal moonnu bharamullah kaalviralukalulla kaalukal, neelamulla nerttha kaikal, pakshipolulla neelamulla, pallillaatha, chulivukalulla thalayottikalulla neenda kazhuthu ennivayaanu. avaa ubhaykakshi, uparithalathil raattaittukalumaayi saamyamullavayaayirunnu. valare neelamulla kaikaalukalum pollayaya asthikalum kaaranam avar vegathil oodumaayirunnu. avarkk valia thalachorum valia annukalum undaayirunnu. ornithomimidukalude thalachoru pothuve noonn-eaviyaan dinosarukalkku valuthaayirunnu, pakshe ithu uyarnna budhiyude adayaalamaayirikkanamennil. thalachorinte vipuleekaricha bhagangal kainesthettik ekopanathinaayi samarppichathaanennu chila paaliyantolajistukal karuthunnu. kaikalude ellukal kaazhchayil asaadhaaranamaamvidham alasata poleyaanu, ithu henry fairfield oosboonine bhakshana samayat hook shaakhakalkkaayi upayogichirunnuvennu soochippikkaan prerippichu.
"ornithomimas" struteomimus polulla mattu ornithomimidukalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, cheria torsos, neelamulla nerttha kaimuttukal, valare nerttha, neraaya kaii, call nakhangal, kaii ellukalum viralukalum samana neelamullavayaan.
innu saadhuvaaya rund "ornithomimas" enangal valippathil vyathyaasappettirikkam. 2010ll gregory ezz. pooll "oo" yude neelam kanakkakki. edmontanicus "attu aandu ittu veytt attu. athinte maathrkakalil onnaaya sii. emm. enn 12228 neelamulla oru thudaye samrakshikkunnu. "oo. oornithoomimasinte" tharam inamaaya velox oru cheria mrugathinte metteeriyaline adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. athesamayam "o" yude holotype. edmontanicus, "cmn 8632, enpathinaalu millimeter neelamulla randaamathe mettaakaarpal samrakshikkunnu, athe moolakam" o "yumayi. velox "alakkunnathu ambathimoonnu millimeter maathramaan.
thoovalukalum charmmavum.
"pala dinosarukaleyum pole "ornithomimasum" cheenjathaayi pandey karuthappettirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1995 muthal, "oornithoomimasinte" niravadhi maathrkakal thoovalukalude thelivukal samrakshikkunnathayi kandethiyittundu. 1995, 2008, 2009 varshangalil thoovalukalude thelivukalulla moonnu "ornithomimas edmontanicus" maathrkakal kandethi (thaazhathe kaiyil carbonised adayaalangalulla rund muthirnnavar, penneshyas thoovalukalude muun saannidhyam soochippikkunnu, koodaathe thoovalukalude mudrayullah oru praayapoorthiyaakaathavar, anchu centimeter vare neelamulla, rump, kaalukal, kazhuthu enniva moodunna mudi polulla philamentukalude roopathilum). atharam bhaavangale pinthunaykkaan kazhiyillennu munbu karuthiyirunna manalkkallilaan thoovalukalude mudrakal kandethiyirunnathu enna vastutha, bhaaviyile maathrkakal kooduthal shradhaapoorvvam thayyaaraakkikkond samanamaaya gadanakal kandethanulla saadhyatha uyarthi. 2012-ll phosilukale vivarikkunna oru patanam nigamanam cheythath "ooo. edmontanicus "ellah valarchaa ghattangalilum plumasius thoovalukalaal moodappettirunnu, muthirnnavarkk maathrame penneshyas chirakukal polulla gadanakal undaayirunnulloo, ithu inacheral pradarshanangalkkaayi chirakukal parinamichirikkaamennu soochippikkunnu. 2014ll, kristhyan foth mattullavarum "oornithoomimasinte" munkaalukal pennesius aanennu nigamanam cheyyaan thelivukal aparyaapthamaanennu vaadichu, kaasovarikalile monophilamentus chirakukal samanamaaya adayaalangal avasheshippikkumenna vastutha udharichu.
oornithoomimasinte" naalaamathe thoovalulla maathruka, ithavana dinosar paarkk roopeekaranathinte thaazhathe bhaagath ninnu, 2015 octoberil aaron vaan derr risttum alex wolf phil kariyum vivarichu. wall thoovalukal samrakshikkunna aadyathe "ornithomimas" maathrkayaayirunnu ithu. thoovalukal thakarnnathum valachodikkappettathum aanenkilum ghadanayilum vitharanathilum ottakappakshiyumayi niravadhi samanathakal undaayirunnu. 2015 leeii maathrkayil charmmatthinte bhaavangal samrakshikkappettu, ithu soochippikkunnathu, thudayude madhyabhagam muthal kaalukal vare, skeyilukalillaatha nagnamaaya charmmavum thudayude mukalbhaagathe shareeravumaayi bandhippikkunna charmmatthinte oru flap undaayirunnu ennaanu. eee randaamathe ghadana ottakappakshikalulppedu aadhunika pakshikalil kaanappedunnathin samaanamaan, pakshe pakshikale apekshichu "ornithomimasil" kaalmuttin mukalil sthaapichirikkunnu.
vargeekaranam.
1890-ll marsh ornithomimosoriya enna vargeekaranathinu "ornithomimasine" niyogichu, ithu ippozhum valare saadhaaranamaanu. aadhunika klaadistik padanangal soochippikkunnathu ornithomimidukalil ithinu oru sthaanamundennu. ennirunnaalum, ivayil "oo" maathramaan ulppeduthiyirikkunnathu. edmontanicus "avarude vishakalanagalil. oo" thammilulla bandhangal. edmontanicus, "ooo. velox "," ooo. sedense prasidheekarichittil.
inipparayunna cladogram xu "et al" neey adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.", 2011:
paleobiology.
oornithoomimasinte" bhakshanakramam ippozhum valareyadhikam charcha cheyyappedunnu. theropodukal enna nilayil, ornithomimidukal maamsabhojikalaayirikkam, pakshe avayude shareera aakruthi pradhaanamaayum sasyabhakshana jeevithathinu anuyojyamaayirikkum. praanikal, crustatians, pazhangal, elakal, shaakhakal, muttakal, pallikal, cheria sasthanikal enniva ithinte bhakshanathil ulppedunnu.
"ornithomimasinu" druthagathiyilulla chalanathinu vyakthamaayi anuyojyamaaya kaalukalundaayirunnu, kaalinu thudayekkaal 20 sathamaanam neelamundu. valia aii sokkattukal theekshnamaaya drishyabodham soochippikkukayum avaa raathrikaalamaayirunnuvenna saadhyathayum soochippikkunnu.
2001 ll broose roht child mattu paaliyantolajistukalum nadatthiya oru padanatthil, "ornithomimas" ennu paraamarsikkunna 178 adii asthikal stress odivukalude lakshanangalkkayi parishodhichu, pakshe avayonnum kandethiyilla.