
helmuth jaims voonn moltke

randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmmani kaivashappedutthiya pradeshangalil jarmman manushyavakaasha lamghanangal attimarikkaan jarmman abverile draftti enna nilayil pravarthicha oru jarmman niyamanjanaayirunnu helmuth jaims graph voonn moltke (11 march 1907-23 januvari 1945). naasi germmaniyile adolph hitlarude sarkkaarine ethirtha craiso sarkkil prathipaksha grouppinte sthaapaka amgamaayirunnu addeham, hitlarinu sesham dhaarmikavum janaadhipathyaparavumaaya thathwangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru germmaniyude saadhyathakal charcha cheythu. eee charchakalil pankedutthathinu raajyadrohakkuttam chumatthi naasikal addehathe vadhichu.
aastro-prussian, franco-prussian yudhangalile vijayikalaaya kamaandaraaya helmuth voonn moltkeyude cherumakanum moothavante muthumakan aayirunnu moltke, avaril ninnu addeham russian saileshyayile craiso estettu, ippol polandile krisova enniva anantharaavakaashamaayi nedi.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
russian pravisyayaaya saileshyayile chraisovilaanu (ippol polandile swidnikka kaundiyile kraisova) moltke janichathu. addehathinte amma dorothy ("nee" rooss ins) britiish vamshajayaaya dakshinaafrikkakkaariyum 1914 muthal 1927 vare dakshinaafrikkan union cheef justisaayirunna sarr jaims rooss insinte makalumaayirunnu.
moltkeyude maathaapithaakkal kristhyan shaasthranjaraayirunnu, vivaahasesham amma pithaavinte matham sweekarichu. addehathinte pithaav oru kristhyan sayans praakteeshanarum adhyaapakanumaayi maari, merii baker eddi ezhuthiya kristhyan sayans paatapusthakatthinte aadya jarmman pathippaya "shaasthravum aarogyavum thiruvezhuthukalude thaakolumaayi" vivarthanam cheytha grooppilaayirunnu maathaapithaakkal iruvarum. kudumba paarambaryatthinte kaaranangalal, moltke 14 vayassullappol prashyayile ivaanchalikkal palliyil sthireekarikkappedaan theerumaanichu.
vidyaabhyaasam.
1927 muthal 1929 vare moltke breslau, vienna, heidelberg, berlin ennividangalil niyamavum raashtreeyashaasthravum padichu. 1928-ll, moltke koleju adhyapakarumaayum yuvajana prasthaana nethaakkalumaayum "lovenberger aarbittsjeminshaafttant" (lovenberg working grouppukal) enna samghadanayil earppettu, athil thozhilillaatha yuva thozhilaallikaleyum yuva karshakareyum vidyaarthikalumaayi orumichu konduvannu, angane avarkk parasparam padikkaan kazhiyum. pourathvam, kadamakal, avakashangal ennivayekkurichum avar charcha cheythu. kreysouvil, moltke estettinte upayogikkaatha oru bhagam kaarshika staarttappukalkkaayi maattivachu, ithu ayal bhoovudamakalil ninnu kadutha vimarsanam nedi.
1931ll oostriyayilvechu kandumuttya freya deikmane addeham vivaham kazhichu. 1934ll moltke juuniyar niyama pareeksha ezhuthi. 1935ll naasi partyil cherathirikkaan jadjiyakanulla avasaram addeham nirasichu. pakaram addeham berlinil oru niyama practies aarambhichu. anthaaraashtra niyamathil edapedunna oru abhibhaashakanenna nilayil, hitlarude bharanathinte irakale kudiyeraan addeham sahayikkukayum sanbarkkam nilanirthaan videshathekku pookukayum cheythu. 1935num 1938num idayil moltke pathivayi grettu brittan sandarshikkukayum avidevechu landanilum oaksfordilum engleesh niyamapariseelanam poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu.
abverinte anthaaraashtra niyama vibhaagam.
1939ll polandile jarmman adhiniveshathodeyaanu randaam lokamahaayudham aarambhichath. sainika niyamathilum anthaaraashtra pothu niyamathilum vidagdhanaayi admiral wilhem kaanarisinte keezhil sayudha senayude hikemandaaya (obercomando derr vermact), kaundar-intelligence sarvees, forin division ennee vibhagangal poolish prachaaranatthinte thudakkathil moltke udan thanne karadu thayyarakki.
videshathu ninnu, sainika attaashikalil ninnum videsha pathrangalil ninnum ulkkazhchakal shekharikkunnathum sainika-rashtreeya praadhaanyamulla vaarthakal shekharikkunnathum eee vivarangal vermactilekku kaimarunnathum moltkeyude abwer pravarthanangalil pradhaanamaayum ulppedunnu. okedablyuvum videshakaarya offeesum thammilulla bandham addeham nilanirtthi, ennaal ellaattinumupariyaayi anthaaraashtra yuddha niyamangalude chodyangalude vilayiruthalukal nalkunnathinaayi. asaadhaaranamaayi, addeham unifom dharikkendennu theerumaanichu.
jarmman adhinivesha europiloodeyulla thante yaathrakalil, niravadhi manushyavakaasha lamghanangal addeham nireekshichu, avaa jarmmani janeeva kanvenshan paalikkanamenn nirbandhikkukayum niyama thathwangal udharichu praadeshika nivaasikalkk kooduthal anukoolamaaya phalangal srishtikkunnathinulla praadeshika nadapadikal nadathukayum cheythu. 1941 octoberil moltke ezhuthi "theerchayaayum oro divasavum aayirathiladikam aalukal eee reethiyil kollappedunnu, koodaathe ayiram jarmman purushanmaar kolapaathakathinu sheelikkunnu... ennodu chodikkumbol njaan enthu parayum aaa samayat ningal enthaanu cheythath?"athe kathil addeham paranju," shaniyazhcha muthal berlin joothanmaare valayunnu. thudarnnu avarkk kondupokaan kazhiyunnavayumayi avare ayaykkunnu... engane aarkkenkilum eee karyangal ariyanum swathanthramaayi nadakkaanum kazhiyum?"
thante moolyanirnayangal sainika nadapadikalil maanushika swaadheenam cheluthumennu moltke pratheekshichu; canaris central division medaaviyaaya mejar general hans oosttarum polulla hitlar virudha udyogasthar addehathe pinthunachu. soviyatt unionumaayulla naasi germmaniyude yudhasamayathu, anthaaraashtra niyamam palikkunnathinum jarmman yudhathadavukaarodu parasparamulla nalla perumaattam prolsaahippikkunnathi jeneeva kanvenshanum hage kanvenshanum pinthudaraan vermactinode abhyarthichu moltke oru memmoraandam ezhuthi, ennaal feeld marshell wilhem kaidel eee shupaarsha nirasichu, addeham "dheeramaaya yudhamenna sainika aashayathil ninnu ethirppukal uyarnnuvarunnu" ennu ezhuthi.
hollandle bandikale vedivaykkunnathu nirthaan moltke anthaaraashtra niyamavum rashtreeya nyaayavaadavum abhyarthikkukayum danish joothanmaare aasoothranam cheytha naadukadatthunnathinekkur danish prathirodha prasthaanatthinu munnariyipp nalkukayum cheythu, ithu copenhagenil ninnu sweedante malmilekku bottiloode avare koottatthode ozhippikkunnathilekku nayichu. naadukadathalinekkurichum bandikale vedivachukollunnathinum vivarangal labhyamaayathode yudhathodum naasi party muzhuvan paripaadiyodumulla moltkeyude ethirppu sakthippettu.
1938ll oru sambannayaaya anantharaavakaashiyum fashion shopper enna maravil paareesiletthiya brazilian chaaranaya aimi sotto mayorumaayulla (dii heeran) moltkeyude koodikkaazhcha brazilian president gettuliyo vargaasine jarmmaniyumaayulla sakhyathil praveshikkunnathil ninnu niruthsaahappeduthaan avare anuvadichu.
1943ll moltke rund thavana istambulilekku yaatra cheythu. turkey pidicheduttha jarmman vyapara kappalukal veendedukkuka ennathaayirunnu audyogika kaaranam. jarmman sainyathile hitlar virudha gadakangal, turkeyil thamasikkunna jarmman abhayaarthikal, oo. ezz. ezz amgangal, abwer (jarmman sainika rahasyaanveshana vibhaagam), turkeyile jarmman ambasseder france voonn paappan ennivarude sakhyam yuddham avasaanippikkanulla shramathil pankedutthathaayirunnu yadhaartha kaaranam. eee samgham sakhyakakshikalkk oru report kaimari, athu president franklin roosvelttilekku ethi. ennirunnaalum, henry morgenthou juuniyar ulppedeyulla roosvelttinte upadeshtaakkal., reportinte vishwaasyathaykethire upadesham nalki.
naasi bharanathodulla ahimsaathmaka ethirppu.
yudhathekkurichum naasi thadankalppaalayangalekkurum thaan rahasyamaayi paranjirunna vivarangal adhinivesha europile cheruthunilppile amgangal ulppede naasi partic purathulla suhruthukkalilekku moltke rahasyamaayi pracharippichu. ooksfoordil ninnulla suhruthukkal ulppedeyulla britiish udyogastharumaayi bandhappedaan addeham randuthavana sramichathaayum avare sahayikkaan "ethratholam venamenkilum pokaamennu" vaagdaanam cheythathaayum velippeduthunna britiish rekhakal velippeduthunnu, ennaal britishukaar aadyamaayi nirasikkukayum speyinile jarmman ambasadaraaya ammavanumaayi aashayakkuzhappathilakukayum randaamathe oofarinu "samsarikkunnathinupakaram" "pravrithikal" chodichu marupadi nalkukayum cheythu.
moltcake sakthamaaya mathavishwaasamundaayirunnu. 1942ll oru britiish suhruthu lionel kurtisinu kallakkadathu nadatthiya kathil moltke ezhuthi "innu, niravadhi peralla, jarmman janathayude sajeevamaaya oru bhagam manassilakkaan thudangiyirikkunnu, thangal vazhithettichuvennum mosham samayangal avare kaathirikkunnuvennum allah, yuddham paraajayatthil avasaanichekkaamennum allah, marichu sambhavikkunnath paapamaanennum oro bhayanakamaaya pravrithikkum avar vyakthiparamayi utharavaadikalaanennum-swaabhaavikamaayum, bhoumika ardhathil allah, marichu kristhyaanikal enna nilayil".
athe kathil, randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbu, daivathil vishwasikkaathe deseeya soshyalisathe poornnamaayum ethirkkaan kazhiyumennu thaan vishwasichirunnuvennum ennaal ippol thante muun ashayangal "thettaanennum poornnamaayum thettaanennum" moltke ezhuthi. moltkeyude abhipraayathil, daivathil vishwasikkunnathiloode maathrame oraalkk naasikalkk poornnamaayum ethiraakaan kazhiyoo.
creeso sarkkil.
berlinil moltcake naasisathe ethirkkukayum avide pathivayi kandumuttukayum cheytha parichayakkaarude oru sarkkil undaayirunnu, pakshe moonnu thavana chraisoyil vachu kandumutty. eee moonnu aakasmika othucheralukalaayirunnu "creeso sarkkil" enna padatthinte adisthaanam. kreysouvile yogangalkk nannayi chittappedutthiya charchaa vishayangalude oru ajanda undaayirunnu, thaarathamyena nirupadravakaramaayava ithinte puramchattayai thudangi. 1942 meyy maasatthile aadya yogathinte vishayangalil naasisatthinte uyarchaye prathirodhikkunnathil jarmman vidyaabhyaasa, mathasthaapanangalude parajayam ulppedunnu. 1942leeii sharathkaalathe randaamathe yogathinte vishayam yudhaananthara punarnirmmaanathekkurinnu, germmaniyude paraajayathinu saadhyathayundennu karuthuka. europian union munbulla oru paan-europian ashayam vikasippichedukkuyum, rekhappeduthiya prameyangalil samgrahikkukayum cheytha saambathika aasoothranavum svayambharanavum ithil ulppedunnu. svechaadhipathyathinte pathanathinushesham naasi yudhakkuttangalude paarambaryam engane kaikaaryam cheyyaamennu 1943 juunil nadanna moonnaamathe yogam abhisambodhana cheythu. ivayum mattu yogangalum "puthiya [naasikkuseshamulla] kramatthinulla thathwangal", "praadeshika kammeeshanarmaarkkulla nirddeshangal" ennivaykku kaaranamaayi, ithu moltke thante bharyayaaya freyaodu thanikk polum ariyaatha oru sthalathu olippikkaan aavasyappettu.
hitlarude kolapaathakatthe moltke ethirthu. oraal vijayichaal hitlar rakthasakshiyaakumennum athu parajayappettaal, moonnaam reachinte thakarchaykku sesham oru janaadhipathya raashtram kettippadukkaan kazhiyumennu vishwasikkaavunna jarmman neethrthwathile churukkam chila vyakthikale athu thurannukaattumennum addeham vishwasichu. 1944 juulai 20 nuu hitlarude jeevanu nereyulla oru sramam nadannu, ithu naasi bharanakoodathodulla athiraalikale unmoolanam cheyyaan gestappo oru ozhikazhivaayi upayogichu. goodaalochanaykku sesham hitlarude athiraalikalil ekadesham 5,000 pere vadhichu.
arast, vichaarana, vadhasiksha.
moltkeyude maanasikaavasthayum anthaaraashtra niyamathinu virudhamaaya utharavukalodulla ethirppum addehathe arast cheyyaanulla apakadathilaakki. theerchayaayum, 1944 januvariyil gestappo addehathe arast cheythu. oru varshathinusesham, 1945 januvariyil, rolland freeslerude adhyakshathayil addeham thante niravadhi saha bharana athiraalikalumaayi "peeples court" ("wolksjerrichshoff") nuu munnil ninnu. oru "attimari" konduvarunnathinulla goodaalochanayil moltke pankedutthuvennathinu thelivukalonnum kandethaan kazhiyaathathinal, freeslerinu "puthiya" oru kuttam kandupidikkendivannu.
hitlarinu sesham vikasikkaan kazhiyunna dhaarmikavum janaadhipathyaparavumaaya thathwangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru jarmmani moltke suhruthukkalum charcha cheythathinaal, eee charcha raajyadrohamaayi freesler kanakkakki, ithu vadhashikshaykk arhamaaya kuttakrithyamaanu. moltke" wolksjerichshoffinu "munnil nilkkumbol," vadhasiksha ithinakam theerumaanichukazhinjuvenna vasthuthayude vyakthamaaya amgeekaarathinte pashchaathalatthil, freeslerinum muzhuvan sthaapanathinum nereyulla aakramanathinulla dhaarmika dhairyam "thanikk undaayirunnuvennu hans lilje thante aathmakadhayil ezhuthunnu. 1945 januvariyil tegel jayilil thadavilaayirunnappol bhaaryaykk ezhuthiya rund kathukalil, thante aashayangalkkaanu vadhasiksha nadappaakkendathennu moltke ganyamaaya abhimaanathode rekhappeduthi, allathe thante pravrithikalkkalla, eee vishayam freesler niravadhi thavana adivarayittirunnu. oru kathil moltke ingane ezhuthi "aasoothranangalalla, thayyaareduppukalalla, marichu aathmaav peedippikkappedumennu rekhappeduthiyittundu. "vivaat" freesler!"randaamathe kathil, thaan kodathiyil nilkkunnath" "oru protestant enna nilayilo oru valia bhoovudama enna nilayilo oru prabhuvaayo oru prussian enna nilayilo oru jarmman enna nilayilo allah" "ennu moltke avakashappettu"...ennaal oru kristhyaaniyenna nilayil matonnumilla ". addeham ezhuthi "ennaal moonnaamathe raike enthine bhayappedunnu... aathyanthikamayi thaazhepparayunnavayaanu oru swakaarya vyakthi, ningalude bharthaav, iru vibhaagathilumulla 2 purohithanmaarumaayi (protestantum catholican) addeham charcha cheythathayi theliyikkappedunnu... kristhumathatthinte praayogikavum daarmmikavumaaya aavasyangalekkurichulla chodyangal. matonnumilla; athinumathramaanu nammal shikshikkappedunnathu... njaan alppam karanju, sankadamo vishaadamo kondalla... ennaal daivathinte saannidhyathinte eee thelivu enne nandiyullavanaakkukayum prachodippikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal."
1945 januvari 11nuu moltcake vadhasiksha vidhikkukayum panthrand divasathinu sesham berlinile plotsensi jayilil thookkilettukayum cheythu. custadiyilirikke ezhuthiya oru kathil, thante rund puthranmarkkethiraaya cheruthunilppinulla prachodanam addeham velippeduthi "deseeya soshyalisam adhikaarathil vannathumuthal, athinte anantharafalangal erakalkku laghookarikkaanum maattathinulla vazhi thayyarakkanum njaan sramichittundu. athil, ente manassakshi enne nayichu-oduvil, athu oru manushyante kadamayaanu."
amgeekaaram.
1989-ll moltcake "brief aan fria <aii. dii. 1>" enna kruthiyude peril maranananthara bahumathiyayi geshvisttar-schole-prays labhichu.
2001ll, anthaaraashtra samoohathile sainika niyamathinteyum yuddha niyamathinteyum jarmman vibhaagam suraksha naya mekhalayile mikacha judicial pravarthanangalkkaayi helmuth-jaims-voonn-moltke-prays sthaapichu.
naasi kaalaghattatthinte aantharika chalanathmakathayil jarmmani velicham veeshunnath thudarunnathinaal, naasi bharanakoodathodulla dhaarmika ethirppinte pradhana pratheekamaayi moltke maari. 2007 march 11 nuu berlinile francissure dome enna sthalathu moltkeyude nooram vaarshikam aakhoshichu, avide jarmman chansalar anchala mercal addehathe "europian dhairyathinte" pratheekamaayi visheshippichu.
1992ll ooskaarinu naamanirddesham cheyyappetta oru documentary chithratthinte vishayamaayirunnu addehathinte jeevitam. gunder brackelmante oru jeevacharitram moltkeyude kathukal, dayari, bhaarya pankitta mattu prabandhangal enniva samaaharikkunnu.