
springs millukalude kettidam

aaram avanyoovinum brayaant parkinum padinjaaru newyork nagaratthile manhattanil 104 vestt 40 streettil sthithicheyyunna 21 nilakalulla oafees kettidamaanu springs mills kettidam. 39-aamm theruvu vare neendunilkkunna oru ell aakruthiyilulla lottilaan aadhunika kettidam sthithicheyyunnathu, athu nerttha glass shadbhujaakrithiyilulla gopuratthilekku uyarunnu. newyorkkile anthaaraashtra shailiyude aadyakaala udaaharanamaaya eee kettidam haarisan & abramovits enna vasthuvidyaa sthaapanam roopakalppana cheyyukayum <aii. dii. 1> ll nirmmikkukayum cheythu. 40-aamm theruvilulla athinte vadakkan mukham 1961-leeii soaning prameyathinu anusrithamaayi roopakalppana cheythirikkunnu, kettidatthinte nirmmaanam aarambhichathin thottupinnaale ithu nadappaakki, athesamayam 39-aamm theruvilulla athinte thekkan mukham 1916-leeii pazhaya soaning prameyathinu anusrithamaanu.
springs millukal, incorporation ennivaykkaayi nirmmichathaanu gopuram., laankaastar kaundi, southu carolina. springs mills kambani athinte perilulla kettidatthinte naalilonn maathrame kaivashappeduthiyirunnulla; backie sthalam mattu thunithara nirmmathaakkal etteduthu. 1999ll aarr. eph. aarr. holding eee kettidam vaangukayum pinneedu niravadhi udamakalkku kaimarukayum aathyanthikamayi 2012ll prinsettan anthaaraashtra swathukkalkku vilkkukayum cheythu. 2010ll newyork sitti landmarks prejarveshan kammeeshan (ell. pii. sii) eee kettidatthe oru audyogika nagara landmarkayi naamanirddesham cheythu.
charithram.
springs millukal, incorporation ennivaykkaayi nirmmichathaanu gopuram., laankaastar kaundi, southu carolina. springs millukalude kettidam nirmmikkumbol amerikkayile ettavum valia bedsheettukaludeyum thalayinayudeyum nirmmaathaavaayirunnu kambani. 1887ll southu karolinayile fort millil saamuval eliot vaitt aanu ithinte aadya factory thurannathu. vaittinte marumakan leroy springs 1890-kalil southu karolinayile laankaastaril ithilum valia laankaastar kottan mill srishtichu. eee plaantukal pinneedu leroiyudeyum addehathinte makan eliot dablyu. springs millukalude kettidam ulppede niravadhi vilppana offeesukal thurannukondu springs kambaniyude pravartthanangal vipuleekarikkunnath thudarnnu. springs millukal 1980kalil springs global ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappedukayum 2001ll oru brazilian kambaniyumaayi layippikkukayum cheythu. ithu lokathile ettavum valia thunithara nirmmaathaakkalil onnaanu, athil spring maid, vamsutha ennee braandukalum ulppedunnu.
1945ll, lover maanhattanile tribeccayile 200 charchu streettil springs millukal oru sails oafees thurannu, athu 1959 vare thudarnnu. 1950 aayappozhekkum, thunithara nirmmathaakkal thangalude parambaraagatha kendramaaya tribeccayil ninnu maari, athu varthu streettine kendreekarichaayirunnu. athesamayam, munbu takarnna aaraamathe avanyoo thunithara nirmmaathaakkalkk aakarshakamaayitheernnu, 1956 aayappozhekkum niravadhi thunithara kambanikal times squarinu thekkukizhakkayi 40-aamm theruvinum 42-aamm theruvinum idayil brayaant paarkkin chuttumulla pradeshathu ambarachumbikal sthaapichu. 39-aamm theruvinum 40-aamm theruvinum edayilulla blockil 1430 broadwayil 22 nilakalulla oafees kettidam nirmmicha lovenstein & soons, deering millican & kambani enniva eee kambanikalil ulppedunnu.1045 aaram avanyoovil avarude ezhu nilakalulla aasthaanam nirmmichu.
aasoothranavum nirmmanavum.
<aii. dii. 1> vestt 39th streettilum <aii. dii. 2> vestt 40th streettilum plottukal ulkkollunna 19 nila kettidatthinulla padhathikal 1960 januvariyil cardiff korppareshan prakhyaapichu. akkaalat, neoclassical shailiyilulla maxine eliot thiyettar ulppede anchu gadanakal eee sthalathundaayirunnu. 1960 meyy maasathil eee plottukal ettedukkukayum emery rathineyum makkaleyum kettidatthinte aarkkidekttukalaayi niyamikkukayum cheythu. aaa samayat, 1961 avasaanathode kettidam poortthiyaakkendathaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1960 desember avasaanathode, springs millukal plott vaangi, ithu nirmmaanatthil kaalathaamasathinu kaaranamaayi. 1961 februvariyil springs millukal 102 vestt 40th streettil oru adhika sthalam vaangi. haarisan & abramovits aarkkidekttukalaayi thiranjedukkappettathode, joonode update cheytha padhathikal newyork sitti department oof buildingle phayal cheythu. novemberil springs mill gopuratthinte puthukkiya padhathi pothujanagalkk munnil prakhyaapicha samayathaan khananam aarambhichath.
jorjju eiii. phul kambanikku padhathiyude general kararukaaranaayi namakaranam cheythu. midu tounile idungiya theruvukalil kettidam sthithicheyyunnathinaal, 39 allengil 40 theruvukalil loading eriyakalude abhavam kaaranam phul kambani niravadhi logistic prasnangal nerittu. newyork times" anusarichu, tirakk kuraykkunnathinulla oru maargamenna nilayil, trekkukalil ninnu nerittu vasthukkal uyarthi, avaa "[vasthukkal] upayogikkunna kettidatthile krithyamaaya sthalathu" paarkk cheythu. nirmmaanam athivegam purogamikkukayum 1962 augustode urukk ghadana poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. kambaniyude 75-aamm vaarshikathodanubandhichu 1963 februvariyil springs millukalude kettidam thurannu. oru fashion shoyum art aandu photography exhibition ulppedunna patthu divasathe aakhosham nadannu, koodaathe southu carolinayil ninnulla oru prathinidhi samgham puthiya kettidam sandarshikkaan pooyi.
upayogikkuka.
springs mills kambani athinte perilulla kettidatthinte naalilonn maathramaan kaivashappeduthiyathu, ekadesham naalu nilakalilaayi vyaapichukidakkunnu. backie sthalam mattu thunithara nirmmathaakkal etteduthu. 1963 disambarode patthu kambanikal kettidatthil sthalathinaayi paattatthinu oppuvachu. puthappukal vilkkunna beekkan nirmmaana kambani 1964 ll 39-aamm street storfrondinaayi oru paattatthinu oppidukayum athu oru vilppana aasthaanathinaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu vaadakakkaar moroco deseeya vinodasanjaara offeesum niyama sthaapanangalum software kambanikalum ulppeduthum.
1999 augustil aarr. eph. aarr. holding springs millukalude kettidam vaangi. pradhana saambathika group ink. 2007ll mermal & mcclain 140 dasalaksham dollarinu kettidam vaangukayum pinneedu gopuratthinu 15 dasalaksham dollar vilamathikkunna mechappeduthalukal nadathukayum cheythu. 2007-2008-nte saambathika prathisandhikkusesham, pankaalittham avar veezhcha varuthiya 46 dasalaksham dollar panayam ulppede 55 dasalaksham dollar kadam shekharichu. 2010 eprilil eee kettidam oru audyogika nagara landmarkayi mattappettu. novemberil, springs millukalude kettidam riyal estettu nikshepa sthaapanamaaya savanna fundinu 61.7 dasalaksham dollarinu vittu, athil panayam vechathum ulppedunnu. akkaalat kettidatthil ozhinjukidakkunna sthalamundaayirunnu; kettidatthinte 25 sathamaanam maathrame undaayirunnulloo. 2012ll 70 sathamaanam adhinivesamulla eee kettidam 105 dasalaksham dollarinu prinsettan anthaaraashtra swathukkalkku savanna vittu.
vaasthuvidya.
aasoothrana prakriyayude melnottam pradhaanamaayum maiks abramovits aayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, roopakalppanayude bhooribhaagavum chaals hausan aabeyaan (1909-1993) nirvahichathu. 1930kalil europian aadhunika shailiyil american kettidangal roopakalppana cheytha aadyathe aarkkidekttukalil oralaaya vilyam lescasinoppam aabe pravarthichu. corning glass kettidam; lagurdia vimaanathaavalathinte pradhana terminal inn kweens; yuu. bii. ennivayaanu aabeyude mattu pravrithikal.ezz. pittsburgile steel tower maanhattanile kips beyile aikyaraashtrasabhayude anthaaraashtra vidyaalayavum.
samakaalika vasthuvidyaa abhiruchikal, nirmmaanasamayathe soaning oordinansukalilekkulla maattam, oru blokkinte madhyathilulla athinte sthaanam (broadwayile blokkinte maruvashathekkaal aaraamathe avanyoovinu valare aduthaanengilum) enniva kettidatthinte roopakalppanaye baadhichu. 39-aamm theruvil neelamulla vashavum 40-aamm theruvil hrasvamaaya vashavumulla lottu ekadesham ell aakruthiyilaanu. 39-aamm theruvu vasham 1916-leeii soaning resolution anusarichaanu roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu, 40-aamm theruvu vasham 1961-leeii soaning resolution anusarichaanu.
gopuratthinte nirmmaana samayat, chuttumulla kettidangal thaarathamyena cheruthaayirunnu. springs millukalude kettidam padinjaaru aarr nilakalulla 108 vestt 40th streettinodu chernnu nilkkunnu, ithu loka gopuram ennariyappedunna 25 nila kettidatthinu aduthaayirunnu. athinte kizhakkan mukham 1057 aaram avanyoovinum deering millican kambani kettidatthinum sameepamaayirunnu, avaa yathaakramam aarr, ezhu nilakalaayirunnu, ithu kettidatthinte mukalilathe nilakalil brayaant paarkkinte kazhcha nalkunnu. 2010-kalil nirmmicha 7 brayaant paarkkinte sthalamaanu eee kettidangal, athinte saannidhyam brayaant paarkkinte kaazhchaye thadayunnu.
roopam.
kettidatthinte nirmmaana samayat 1961 leeii soaning oordinans praabalyatthil vannathinaal, 39,40 theruvukalile uyarangalil vyathyastha pindangalund. 39-aamm theruvil, kettidatthinte adithara lottu lainilaan sthithicheyyunnathu, aaram nilayilum panthrandaam nilayilum thirichadikal undu. eee thirichadikal theruvilekku mathiyaya sooryaprakaasham nalkukayum 1916 leeii oordinansil nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 40-aamm theruvil oru thirichadiyum illa. pakaram, kettidatthinte muzhuvan bhaagavum theruvil ninnu akattinirthukayum pradhana kavaadathinu munnil oru plasa sthithicheyyukayum cheiyunnu. oru plaasayude saannidhyam thirichadikale apekshichu oafees sthalam kuraykkaan kaaranamaakumenkilum, kettidatthinte praadhaanyavum athinte udamakalude "antass" vardhippikkunna oru savisheshathayaayum ithu kaanapettu. 1950kalude avasaanathil pala kettidangalilum thirichadikalkku pakaram plaasakal ulppeduthi.
1961 leeii soaning oordinans praabalyatthil varunnathinu munbu springs millukalude kettida anumathi amgeekarichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, ithu rund soaning oordinansukaludeyum gadakangal ulkkollunnu. ell. pii. sii. parayunnathanusarichu, 40-aamm theruvu vashathinte roopakalppana athinte plassa thadassangalillaathe lambamaayi uyarunna slab polulla roopavum upayogichu "bhaaviyilekku nokki". 39-aamm theruvu vashathinte roopakalppana, nadappaathayodu chernnulla aditharayum onniladhikam thirichadikalum pazhaya oordinansukalumaayi saamyamullathaan.
kettidatthinte mukalile bhaagath, 13-aamm nilaykk mukalil, vadakku-thekk varichai cheythirikkunna neelamulla vibhaagamulla "neelamulla shadbhuja" poleyulla oru floor plan undu. shadbhujaakrithiyilulla gopuratthinte ettavum veethiyulla bhagam blokkinte madhyathilaanu, athesamayam ettavum idungiya bhagam 39,40 theruvukalude uyarathilaanu. punarroopakalppana cheytha algiers street grid aikyaraashtrasabhayude aasthaanavum, athupole shadbhujaakrithiyilulla pirelli gopuratthinteyum ashtabhujaakrithiyilulla metlaif kettidatthinteyum roopakalppanakal ennivaykkaayi leeii corbusier nadatthiya padhathikalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaakaam shadbhujaakrithiyilulla aakruthi.
mukham.
steel structural framinu munnilulla gadanayillaatha oru glass curton mathilinte aadyakaala udaaharanamaanu kettidatthinte munbhagam. aikyaraashtrasabhayude secretariyatt kettidam (1947), paarkk avanyoovile liver house (1950-1952), anchaam avanyoovile corning glass kettidam (1959) thudangiya samanamaaya sameepa padhathikalil ninnulla gadakangal athinte roopakalppanayil ulppeduthi. secretariyatt kettidatthil eratta-glazed pacha niramulla glass upayogichirunnappol liver hausil glazed fixed paanal janalukalum chaayamulla pacha, irunda pacha niramulla glassukalude chitharikkidakkunna bhaagangalum upayogichirunnu. mattoru harris, abramovits projectaaya corning glass kettidatthil "peyint cheytha loha paanalukalkk munnil ardhasuthaaryamaaya glass" sheettukalum aluminium kondu nirmmicha interlocking muliyanukalum upayogichu.
springs millukalude kettidatthinte gadakangal corning glass kettidavumaayi saamyamullavayaayirunnu, chaaraniratthilulla rund shedukalilulla mulyanukal upayogichu munvashathe lambamaya bekalulla oru gridai vibhajichu. aadyathethu ozhike oro nilayilum oro beyilum rund janaalakalund, oro nilaykkum edayilulla oro janalaykkum thaazhe, janaalakalkk yojikkunna rund spaandralukal undu. oro ulkkadalineyum verthirikkunna lambamaya silver mulyanukal munvashath ninnu cheruthaayi neendu nilkkunnu. corning glass kettidatthilennapole, eee projecting mulyanukalkku "gambheeramaaya lamba disha" enna bhaavamund, koodaathe vindo vaasharukalude vandikalude nankoorangalaayum ithu pravartthikkunnu. bakkiyulla mulyanukal irunda chaaraniratthilullathum munvashath flush cheythathumaanu. lambamaya irunda-chaaraniratthilulla mulyanukal oro ulkkadalileyum janalukaleyum spandralukaleyum verthirikkunnu, athesamayam thirascheenamaaya mulyanukal janalakalkkum mulyanukalkkum edayilulla athirthikal vivarikkunnu. pii. pii. jii vyavasaayangal (munbu pittsburg plate glass kambani) srishticha aanti-glair paanalukalaanu vindo paanalukal, avar paanalukal choodu agiranam cheyyumennum annukalude ksheenam kuraykkumennum avakashappettu. penthouse levelil mechanical murikal adangiyirikkunnu, avaa louver cheytha loha paanalukalude munvashathinu pinnilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
kettidatthinte rund praveshanakavaadangal yathaakramam 39,40 theruvukalilayi thekkum vadakkum vashathayi akathu oru paathayiloode bandhippichirikkunnu. 39-aamm theruvil kettidatthinu veethiyundu. thaazhathe nilayilulla praveshana kavaadam valathuvashathaan (allengil kizhakk) sthithicheyyunnathu, koodaathe rund storfrondukalundu. storfrondukal naalu nirakalude oru koottatthinu pinnil cheruthaayi sajjeekarichirikkunnu, avaa athinu mukalilulla nilaye nerittu pinthunaykkunnu. oru breesweyinullil thirichulla praveshana kavaadatthil "109 dablyu" ennu spelling cheytha loha aksharangalulla karangunna vaathilukal undaayirunnu. 39 ", kettidatthinte ithara vilasam. oru terrazzo ramp lobyilekku nayikkunnu. 39-aamm theruvu uyarathinte idathuvashathu (padinjaaru) oru loading doock sthithicheyyunnu.
neremarichu, 40-aamm theruvu praveshana kavaadam munvashathinte madhyathil, plaasaykk pinnilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. praveshana kavaadatthil lobikkullil kettidatthinte munvashath ninnu akannukidakkunna karangunna vaathilukal undu. vadakku bhaagathulla plaasayil chunnaambukallu kondulla mathilukalum travertine tiling undu. thudakkathil, plaasayude padinjaaran, kizhakkan mathilukalil springs millukalude kambaniyude perulla loha chinnangalum padinjaaran mathilil kambaniyude uthppannangalude oru cheria display boxes athil undaayirunnu. chuvarukalude mukalil ninnu loha laitt fictureukal thoongikkidakkunnu. cheria chedikalum paarakalum ulkkollunna reethiyil plasa krameekarichirunnu. yadhaartha padhathikalil, plaasayude kizhakkan bhaagath rund cheria thottakkaarum oru karutha graanait plaant boxes praveshana kavaadathinu chuttum rund trapasoidal thottangalum undaayirunnu.
paraamarshangal.
kurippukal
grandhasoochika