
daani vadada nabudere

oru ugandan academic, paan-aafrikkanist, abhibhaashakan, raashtreeyakkaaran, ezhuthukaaran, rashtreeya shaasthranjan, vikasana vidagthan ennee nilakalil prashasthanaayirunnu daani vaadada nabudere (15 desember 1932-9 november 2011). maranasamayathu addeham islaamik sarvakalashaalayil professor ugaandayile mabaleyile marcus garway paan-aafrikkan instittyoottinte executive directorumaayirunnu.
aranoottaandilere neenduninna addehathinte rashtreeya, boudhika, saamoohika pravartthanangal pothupravartthanamaayirunnu. addeham oru prabhashakanum, samaaharanakkaaranum, vipulamaaya ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu. bhakshyasuraksha, samadhaanam, vijnjaana paithrikangal, lokathe maanushikavalkkarikkunnathi aphrica nalkia sambhavana, aajeevanantha patanam, athirthi kadannulla aikyangal, anthaaraashtra rashtreeya sambadvyavastha, paan-aphricanism, pothusamoohatthinte prathirodham, vaijnjaanika neethi, vijnjaanathinte saamoohika kendrangal, punasthaapana bharanam, sambadvyavastha, neethi ennivayaayirunnu addehathinte edapazhakalukal.
professor nabudere 1979ll ugaandayile neethinyaaya mantriyum ugaandayile unlf idakkaala sarkkaaril ugaandayude saamskaarika, saamoohika vikasana, punaradhivasa manthriyumaayirunnu. 1983 muthal 1985 vare aafrikkan association oof polittikkal sayansinte presidentum 1985 muthal 1988 vare internaashanal polittikkal sayans associationte (aii. pii. ezz. eiii) vais presidentum ayirunna addeham dakshinaafrikkan sarvakalaashaalayumaayi samyuktha gaveshana padhathikalil "bhaviye veendedukkuka" enna kudakkeezhil oru sahakarana krameekaranatthil earppettirunnu.[4] ugaandayile mabaleyile marcus garway paan-afric instittyoottinte (empaay) sthaapakanum prinsippalumaayirunnu addeham. thante jeevithathinte avasana patthu varshangalil, grameena samoohangale sahayikkunnathinum avarude jeevithavumaayi bandhapetta vishayangalil avarude shabdam uyarthunnathinumaayi thaazhethattil samghadanakal sthaapikkunnathinaayi nabudere pravarthikkukayaayirunnu.[5]
jeevacharitram.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1932 desember 15nuu ugaandayile budaadiriyil bumobo enna bumayamba graamatthile oru kudumbathilaanu daani vadada nabudere janichathu.
nabudere bugisuvile schoolil padikkukayum thudarnnu bunamvayayile agre memorial collegil ninnu birudam nedukayum cheythu. yunaittad kingdatthil niyamam padikkaan apekshikkunnathinu munbu addeham niravadhi varshakkalam tapal clerkaayi.
1960 kalude thudakkathil addeham niyamam padikkaan englandilekku pookukayum 1963 ll baachilar oof loss birudam nedukayum landanile linkens sannil niyamathil abhibhashakanaayi praveshikkukayum cheythu.
ugandan swaathanthrya prasthaanatthil.
1960kalil nabudere deseeya rashtreeya ramgathekku chuvaduvechu. oru vidyaarthiyenna nilayil
1961ll landanilvechu addeham yash tandanotoppam yunaittad kingdom ugaanda studants associationte executive kammitti amgamaayirunnu.
pinneedu ugaandayude charithratthil nirnaayaka punk vahicha attekar ijalu, chanko maachyo, edward rugumaayo ennivarellaam. ugaandayil padikkunnatho jolie cheiyunnatho aaya yuva ugaandakkaarude rashtreeya avabodham uyarthaan sahayikkunnathil ugaza earppettirunnu.
yukeyilum europilum. samghadanayude pradhana pravarthanangalilonnu lobby cheiyukayaayirunnu.
ugaandayude swaathanthryathinaayi britiish paarlamenteriyanmaar.
obot gavanmentinu keezhilulla pravartthanam.
1964ll yukeyil ninnu madangiyethiyappol addeham udan thanne ugaanda peeples kongrasinte pinthuna nashtappedutthaan thudangi. yuu. pii. sii oru theevravaadi deseeyavaada partiyaayirunnu. annathe sekrattari generalaya joonn kakongeykku vishalamaaya communist chaayvaayirunnu, party yuvajanavibhaagathil avarkkidayil sakthamaaya anuyayikalundaayirunnu. 1964ll party gulu sammelanathil milttan obotum party mukhyadharaa neethrthwavum idathupakshathe marikadannu.
akkaalathe yuu. pii. sii. sarkkar kammyoonisathe ethirthappol addeham oru maarksist soshyalistum aayirunnu. 1965ll keerunda kivejinja, jaberi bidandi-salee, kindu musoc ennivarodoppam addehathe partyil ninnu purathaakki. ennirunnaalum, yuu. pii. siyil ninnu purathaakkappettathinum nabudere obot vinginte ethiraaliyaayi thudarnnu.
samoolamaaya nilapaadukal. ekadesham athe samayam, nabudere, raiti omonkin ennivar ugaandayile aadyathe maavoyist party roopeekarichu. eee kaalayalavil sansibar taamgaanyikayum thammilulla ekeekarana charchakalilum nabudere nirnaayaka punk vahichirunnu.
1969ll obot rashtreeya paarttikale nirthalaakkukayum eaka kakshi raashtramaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythappol,
thante thudarchayaaya party pravarthanatthinu nabudere irayaayi. nabuder neratthe
1963ll uganda vietnaam aikyadaartyam enna peril embale aasthaanamaayulla oru aaktivist group roopeekarichu.
viyatnaamile american saamraajyathvathinum aakramanathinum ethire pracharanam nadathaanulla samiti.
1965 septambaril, sarkkaarine attimarikkaan oru "communist goodaalochana" samghadippichathaayi ugandan paarlamentile oru amgam nabuderekkethire aaropichu. 1969 desemberil,
oru yuu. pii. sii kongras nabudereyil (mattullavaykkoppam) obottinte jeevanu vendiyulla shramathethudarnnu
adiyanthara niyamangal prakaram arast cheyth thadankalil paarppichu. addehathe mochippichu.
1970 november avasaanathode.
idhi aamin sarkkaarinte keezhil.
1971 januvariyil idii aamin adhikaaramettappol, oru samkhya
idathu vashathulla ugandakkaar amin sarkkaarumaayi chernnu pravartthikkaan theerumaanichu, pakshe
taamasiyaathe avar niraasaraavukayum avaril palarum rugumaayoyil ninnu aarambikkukayum cheythu.
1972ll sarkkaaril ninnu raajivachu. 1971ll keniyayile nairobi aasthaanamaayulla eest aphrica railway aandu haarbezhs chairmaanaayi nabudere idii aamin niyamichu, ennaal 1974ll ameente kroorathayil prathishedhichu addeham raajivachu tansaniayilekku thamasam maari, avide addeham amina virudha prathirodha prasthaanatthinte nethaakkaliloraalaayi.
1970-kalle dhaar ezz salaam naadukadatthalum "charchayum".
oru academic vidagthanenna nilayil, raashtreeyamaayum adhyapanaparamaayum pradhanappetta kuranjathu moonnu samvaadangalil naboodere nirnaayakamaayirunnu.
1960kalude avasaanathilum 1970kalude dashakathilum dharr ezz salaam sarvakalashaala. juuliyas nairere, kwame nkruma allengil seco touur thudangiya rashtreeya nethaakkalum nabudere, mamdani allengil chekh antha deop polulla academic vidagtharum aafrikkan soshyalisam, marxism, paan-aafrikkan prathyayashaasthrangal ennivayude prathyeka roopangal munnott kondupokunnathino paashchaathya vikasana sidhaanthathe aafrikkan sandarbhangalumaayi poruthappeduthunnathinna malsaram nadathunna puthiya swatantra aafrikkan raajyangalude kaalaghattatthil eee academic, janapriya samvaadangal aduthuninnu pinthudarnnu.
dhii
aadyam tansaniayekkurichum athu pookunna dishayekkurichum athu engane kaanikkumenn paranjathinekkurichumaayinu.
aafrikkayude backie bhaagangalkk soshyalisathinte aathyanthika lakshyathilekkulla vazhi. athaayirunnu
pradhaanamaayum tanzanian radicalukal thammilulla oru samvaadam, chilappol mattullavar chernnu
tansaniaykk purathu ninnu walter rodney, nabudere ennivar.
randaamathethu pradhaanamaayum sarvakalaashaalayile adthyaapaka jeevanakkaarude aafrikkan amgangalkkidayil, prathyekichu soshyal sciences faakkalttiyil, avarude vishayangalude nilavilulla adhyaapanashaasthram engane velluvilikkukayum aafrikkan pashchaathalavum saahacharyangalum prathifalippikkunnathina maattukayum cheyyaamennathinekkurichu oru charchayaayirunnu.
moonnaamathethu praadhamikamaayi ugandakkaarkkidayil makerey sarvakalashaala ennu vilikkappedunna "kunnin" enna charchayum kizhakkan aafrikkayil pravaasatthil kazhiyunnavar idaykkide kizhakkan aafrikkaykku purathullavarum avarodoppam cherumaayirunnu. nabudereyude 'saamraajyathvavum ugaandayile viplavavum' (1980) enna pusthakatthilum mahmoud mamdani, harkishan bhagat, karim hirji ennivarude vimarshanathilum ithu bhaagikamaayi prachodanam ulkkondathaanu. pinneedu eee charchakal 'varggam, samsthaanam, saamraajyathvam ennivayekkurichulla dhaar ezz salaam samvaadam' (1982) enna pusthakamaayi punarnirmikkappettu, ithu yash tanden edittu cheythu, saansibaaril ninnulla prashastha maarksist viplavakariyaaya mohammed baabuvinte aamukhathode. samvaadathinu' ugandaik mathramalla aafrikkaykkum moonnaam lokathinum boudhikavum adhyapanaparavum raashtreeyavum thanthraparavumaaya moolyamundaayirunnu. dhii
eee charcha nadakkumbol olinjukidakkunnathinte praadhaanyam ithil vyakthamaayi.
1979-leeii aadya maasangalil, athe prasnangal praayogikamaayi maari.
1978 desemberil aamin tanzania aakramichathinusheshamulla rashtreeya praadhaanyam. tanzania adhiniveshathe pinthirippichuvenkilum tansaniayude president juuliyas nairare oru ashayakkuzhappam nerittu. addeham munnott pokanamo
kambaala, thante sainyathodoppam phalapradamaayi oru "adhinivesha seena" aayi maarunnu, allengil
bharanam ettedukkaan addeham oru aikya ugandan rashtreeya munnani roopeekarikkaan shramikkano?
sarkkaarinte? addeham randaamathethu thiranjedutthu. ennaal malsarikkunna shakthikalude aikyam kettippadukkaan
ugaandayil ninnu oru pediswapnam thelinju.
nalanga samghavum ugandan deseeya vimochana munnaniyum.
ameene attimarikkaan ugaanda naadukadatthappetta rashtreeya samghadanayaaya ugaanda naashanal liberation frontinte (yuu. ell. eph) kaalaghattathekkurichulla thante vivaranathil propha. liberation grouppinte roopeekaranathil nabudere oru pradhana punk vahichathayi anlfinte bharanasamithiyude chairmaanaaya edward rugumaayo parayunnu. unlf sthaapikkukayum deseeya bharanasamithi ennariyappedunna oru bharanasamithi roopeekarikkukayum cheythappol
consultative kaunsil (enn. sii. sii), nabudere athinte rashtreeya, rashtreeya, rashtreeya samghadanakalude chairmaanaayi thiranjedukkappettu.
nayatantra samiti. edwardinoppam addeham ensisiyile oru pradhana nethaavaayi.
rugumaayo, yash taandan, oomvooni ojwok. chainees saamskaarika viplavathile naalu samghangalennu vilikkunna chainees communist bharanavibhaagathe paraamarsikkunna 'naaluperude samgham' ennaanu avar koottaayi ariyappettirunnath. 
aninteem gavanmentinu keezhil, nabudere randuthavana sarkkar manthriyaayi niyamithanaayi 1979 ll addeham neethinyaaya mantriyum aii. dii. 1 ll ninnu saamskaarika, saamoohika vikasana, punaradhivasa manthriyumaayirunnu.
president yousuf looleyude keezhilulla unlf sarkkaarinte aadya bharanam aarr-ettu divasam maathramaan neenduninnathu. 1979 septambaril idakkaala paarlamentil avatharippicha avishwaasa votteduppiloode addehathe adhikaarathil ninnu purathaakki, edward rugumaayoyude adhyakshathayil enn. sii. sii., janaadhipathyaparamaayi neekkam cheyyappettaal, pakaram president godfree binaisa niyamichu. poulo muwangayudeyum yoveri museveniyudeyum neethrthwathilulla anlfinte sainika kammeeshan adhikaarathil ninnu neekkam cheythath binaisa bharanakoodamaanu, orupakshe tansaniayude pinthunayundaakaam.
1980kalileyum enn. aarr. emm.-nuu sheshamulla kaalaghattatthilum.
1980 meyy 12-leeii sainika attimari binaisa attimarichu poulo muvanga adhikaarathil konduvannappol, 'naalu samghathile' mattu moonnu amgangaleppole nabudere naadukadatthappettu.
1982-ll nabudere denmarkile helsingorilekku thamasam maari, oru naadodi haiskoolil padippichu. oru pandithanenna nilayil addehathinte ettavum phalapradamaaya varshangalilonnaayirunnu ithu. yash tanden vikas tanden sahodaranmaar sthaapicha samghadanayaaya aphrica inn transition enna samghadanayude keezhil 1990 ll prasidheekaricha 'pana mooladhanathinte uyarchayum pathanavum' enna peril 300 pejiladhikam kayyezhuthuprathi addeham ezhuthi. marks, engals, hilferding, rossa luxemburg, cains ennivare punarnirmmicha panathekkurichulla oru vishakalanam, ivarellaam nabudereyude vimarsanathinu vidheyamaayi. panamenna nilayil panatthinte uyarchayekkurichu (mooladhanam enna nilayil athinte parinaamathilninnu vyathyasthamayi) nabudere oru charitraparamaaya vishakalanam nadathukayum panam oduvil mooladhanathe marikadakkumennu pravachikkukayum cheythu.
thudarnnu kredittinte oru upakaranamaayi swantham maranam neridunnu. ithaanu yadhaarthathil
21-aamm noottaandinte aadya dashakathilaanu ithu sambhavichathu, nammude rajyath ariyappettirunnath
mooladhanathinte saambathikavalkkaranam" enna nilayil swantham samayangal. nabuder neratthe thanne pratheekshichirunnu
helsingoril addeham nadatthiya gaveshanathinteyum rachanayudeyum kaalaghattatthilaanu ithu. pinneedu, 'anthaaraashtra dhanakaarya-mooladhanathinte thakarchayum moonnaam lokathinaayulla athinte prathyaaghaathangalum' (2009) enna thalakkettil fahamu pusthakatthinte sangraham prasidheekarichu, athinu yash tanden oru aamukham ezhuthi.
1993ll president museveni addehathe naadukadatthunnathuvare naadukadatthappettu.
bharanaghadanaasamithiyude bhagamaakaanulla raajyam (sii. eiii.).
nabudere thirichethiyappol addeham musevaniyude valare thuranna vimarsakanaayi. caude kaalayalavil, mattu caa amgangalumaayi viyojichappol nabudere palathavana niyamasabhaamgangale erangippokaan nayichu. addeham
agri avoriyumaayi chernnu janaadhipathyathinaayulla deseeya cocus roopeekarikkukayum cheythu.
(enn. sii. dii), caa adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru mardhagroop. 
empaay aandu africology.
aafrikkan shaasthram, thathwachintha, vaidyashaasthram, mattu thaddesheeya aafrikkan arivukal ennivayekkurichulla arivinte oru shekharam srishtikkuka enna lakshyathode ugaandayile mabaleyil marcus garway paan-aafrikkan instittyoott (empaay) nabudere sthaapichu. emm. pii. aii pinneedu oru sarvakalaashaalayaayi parinamichu, athil addeham aadyathe chansalaraayi niyamikkapettu.
maranam.
pramehavum uyarnna rakthasammardhavum baadhichathine thudarnnu 2011 november 9nuu pularche veettilvechu nabudere antharichu. bharya makan ulppede addeham jeevichu.

