
ethanius

randaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum moonnaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum abhivridhi praapicha oru greak vaachaadopakaaranum vyaakaranashaasthranjanumaayinu nokraattisile (athawa nαyκrάτιος, "athenos naukraattittes" allengil "naukraattiyos";). addeham marcus ooreliyasinte kaalathaanu jeevichathennu maathramaan "suda" parayunnath, ennaal 192-ll maricha komodasinekkurichu addeham samsaarikkunna avahelanangal soochippikkunnathu addeham aaa chakravarty athijeevichu ennaanu. addeham adraantasinte samakalikanaayirunnu.
archipus mattu haasya kavikalum paraamarshichirikkunna oru tharam malsyamaaya "thratta" yekkurichum syrian rajaakkanmaarude charithrathekkurichum oru grandhatthinte rachayithaavaayirunnu thaanenn athenius thanne prasthaavikkunnu. rund jolikalum nashtappettu. addehathinte kruthikalil pathinanju vaalyangalulla "depnosophiste" maathramaan kooduthalum nilanilkkunnath.
depnosophiste".
dinner table thathwachinthakar" ennartham varunna "deepnosophista" pathinanju pusthakangalil nilanilkkunnu. aadyathe rund pusthakangalum moonnaamatheyum pathinonnaamatheyum pathinanchaamatheyum bhaagangalum pratheekaathmakamaayi maathrame nilanilkkunnulloovenkum allaathapaksham aaa kruthi poortthiyaayathaayi thonnunnu. pradhaanamaayum bhakshanavumayi bandhapetta kaaryangalekkurichulla vivarangalude oru valia sambharana kendramaanithu, ennaal samgeetham, pattukal, nrithangal, geyimukal, veshyakal, aadambaram ennivayekkurichulla paraamarshangalum ithil adangiyirikkunnu. ekadesham 800 oolam ezhuthukaareyum 2500 vyathyastha kruthikaleyum ethiniyas paraamarsikkunnu; addehathinte oru kathaapaathram (charitra rachayithaavumaayi svayam thirichariyappedendathil) edhiniyan middle komadiyude 800 naadakangal maathram vaayichathaayi abhimaanikkunnu. athu ethiniyas illaayirunnengil, purathana lokathekkurichulla vilapetta vivarangal nashtamaakumaayirunnu, koodaathe aarkkastraattas polulla niravadhi purathana greak ezhuthukaar eathaandu poornnamaayum anjjaatharaakumaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, classical, hellenistic greasile laingikathayekkurichulla padanatthinulla oru pradhana uravidamaanu pusthakam xiiii, koodaathe theognettasinte kruthiyude oru apoorva bhagam 3.63 ll nilanilkkunnu. 
sambannanaaya pusthaka shekharanakkaaranum kalakalude rakshaadhikaariyumaaya laaransiyasinte (laattin bhashayil λαρενσιος) veettil nadanna oru virunninekkurichu ethenius enna vyakthi thante suhruthu timokraattasin nalkia oru vivaranamaan "deepnosophiste" ennu avakaashappedunnu. athinaal ithu oru sambhaashanathinullile oru sambhaashanamaan, plaatto reethikk sesham, pakshe sambhashanam valare dairkhyameriyathaanu. charchaykkulla vishayangal saadhaaranayaayi athaazhathinte samayat thanne uyarnnuvarunnu, ennaal vyaakaranathinte amoorthamaaya pooyintukal ulppede ellah vivaranangaludeyum saahityaparavum charitraparavumaaya kaaryangalilekku vyaapikkunnu. athidhikal oormmayil ninnu udharichathaayi karuthappedunnu. deepnosophista" yill samrakshichirikkunna vasthukkalude yadhaartha uravidangal avyakthamaayi thudarunnu, pakshe athil bhooribhaagavum aadyakaala pandithanmaaril ninnu randaam vashathekku varunnu.
perulla irupathinaalu athidhikalil gallen, alpiyan ennee vyakthikal ulppedunnu, pakshe avarellam orupakshe saangalppika vyakthikalaanu, bhooribhaagavum sambhaashanathil pankedukkunnilla. alpiyan enna kathaapaathram prashastha niyamanjanumaayi saamyamullathaanenkil, "deypnosophiste" 223-ll addehathinte maranashesham ezhuthappettirikkaam; ennaal niyamanjane praitorian gaard kolappedutthi, athesamayam atheniusile alpiyan swaabhaavika maranathode marikkunnu. 
mukalil soochippicha vidavukalulla vaachakathinte poornna pathipp, parambaraagathamaayi 'eiii' ennu vilikkunna oru kayyezhuthuprathiyil maathrame samrakshikkappettitla. parambaraagathamaayi sii, iii ennariyappedunna rund kayyezhuthuprathikalil eee grandhatthinte pratheekathmaka pathipp samrakshikkappettirikku. kaibalinte tubeneraanu vaachakathinte staanderd pathipp. staanderd numpering pradhaanamaayum kaasoubonil ninnaan varachirikkunnath.
vijnjaanakoshaashaasthranjum ezhuthukaaranumaaya sarr thomas braun, 1612-ll classical pandithanaaya isak kaasoban prasidheekaricha 17-aamm noottaandile pandithanmarkkidayil "pandithanmaarude virunnil" punarujjeevippicha thaalparyam prathifalippikkunna oru hraswa lekhanam ezhuthi.

