plus carden abbe

skotlandile moreyile eljin nagaratthinte thekkupadinjaraayi black bayne enna sthalathulla oru catholica benedikttin aashramamaan plus carden abbe. 1230ll alexander randaaman vallicolian kramatthinaayi ithu sthaapichu.
1454-ll, urkhartinte prearyumaayi layichathinethudarnnu, plus carden priyari oru benedikttin hausaayi maari. scotish parishkaranatthil prairiyude thakarcha kaanukayum 1680 aayappozhekkum athu vinashakaramaaya avasthayilaavukayum cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil kshayam thadayunnathinulla chila pravartthanangal nadannu. 1948-ll, priori benedikttinukalude subiaco kasini sabhayude oru bhavanamaayi maarukayum gloucestershayarile prinknash abbeyil ninnulla sanyaasimaarude kaikalil ninnu punarudhaarana pravartthanangal aarambikkukayum cheythu. 1966ll priric maathrubhavanathil ninnu swaathanthryam labhichu; 1974ll ithu abbathiyal padaviyilekku uyarthappettu.
charithram.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
1226-ll "plus cardin" ennum 1233-ll "ploshardin" ennum aadyakaala saakshyappeduthalukal nalkia "plus carden" enna peru athinte uthbhavathil "prasnakaramaanu". "plus carden" "saadhyamaaya chithraathmakamo britonic moolakamo aaya" "* carden" "ennathinekkurichulla charchakalil pathivayi prathyakshappedunnu, orupakshe" "oru enclosure" "ennartham varunna ithu randaamathe gadakamaayirikkaam". aadyathe moolakam britonic aanennu thonnumenkilum athinte vyakthithvam vyakthamalla. ithu cornish "ploss" nuu thulyamaayirikkam, prathyakshatthil "malinamaaya". aadya ghadakam onnukil gaelic "plavsg", "integuement, nutshell, egshell" allengil athinte chithraathmaka kognettu "* plessy" (sii.eph. velsh "plisk", middle brettan "plusk"). velsh "plasa", "oru sthalam" ennivayumaayi bandhapetta oru vaakk nirddeshikkappettindum eee vaakk pazhaya franch bhashayil ninnu kadameduthathaanu ennathinaal ithu saadhyathayilla.
plavosk" allengil "* plessy" aanu aadya ghadakam enna nirddeshathil ninnu perinte randaam bhagam "aard" enna gaelic padatthil ninno allengil "uyaram" ennartham varunna velsh "aard" ennathinu chithrathinu thulyamaayathil ninno uruthirinjathaayirikkaalinu saadhyatha uyarnnuvarunnu.
vaaliskauliyan priyari.
alexander randaaman rajaavaanu plus kaardante vaaliskauliyan priyari sthaapichathu. madhyakaalakhattatthile valia mathasthaapanangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ippol pravarthanarahithamaaya valliskauliyan kramam cheruthaayirunnu, sii. europiludaneelam kadinamaaya sanyaasimadam vyaapicha oru samayathaan ithu uyarnnuvannathu. 1075-1200. eee oordarinte sthaapakan leugleyil oru saadhaarana purohithanaayi pariseelanam nediya vayaardaayirunnu. burgandyile chaattillan-surr-seyinil ninnu 20 kilometer akaleyulla wall dess chouksaayirunnu sthaapaka priyari. utharavine niyanthrikkunna sanyasi niyamangal thayyarakkiya wiredine, 1205-6 ll niraparadhiyaaya moonnaaman maarppaappayude sammatham labhichu; eee kaalayude oru pakarpp moreyude chartularyil sookshichirunnu. anantharafalamaayundaakunna niyamaparamaaya charteraaya "oordinal", aaraadhanaakramam, bhaaravaahikalude baadyathakal, utharavinte nadatthippu ennivayude krithyamaaya vishadaamshangal nalki. oordinalil" sistershyan, oru paridhivare carthusian sanbradaayangalumaayi adutha saamyam kaanikkunna niyamangal adangiyirikkunnu. sistershyan sanbradaayangalil ninnulla sameepanathile ettavum vyakthamaaya vyathyasam sanyasimaarkkulla prathyeka cellukalaayirikkum-mikkavarum grandmontainukal parisheelikkunnathupole oru vibhajicha dormittari-audyogika praadhamika chumathalakalil earppedaathappol uchakazhinju sahodaranmaarkku avarude swakaarya poonthottangal paripalikkaan anuvadicha pachakkari plottukal. vaaliskauliyanmaar sweekaricha mattoru carthusian bharanam, prioric 20 sanyasimar paadilla ennathaayirunnu. ithinartham samoohathinte cheria valippathil, sambannaraaya rakshaadhikaarikalillaathe athijeevanam budhimuttaayirikkum ennaanu. pathonpathaam noottaandile charitrakaaranaaya jaapp mignard parayunnathanusarichu, vaaliskauliyakkaarkku aake 21 veedukal maathrame undaayirunnulloo, avayil moonnennam skotlandilaayirunnu, athaayath plus carden, rooss-shayarile beuli, aargil leeii ardchattan. valliskauliyanmaar systersianmaarumaayi kooduthal aduppathilaayirunnuve, kramatthinte pradhana baahya vashangal inch kominte madaadhipathiyaaya walter bower kaarthoosiyanmaarude moonnu valliskauliyan veedukal edukkaan kaaranamaayi. addeham ithu 1437-leeii thante skottikronikanil rekhappeduthiyittundu, athinaal 1429-ll pertthil eaka scotish carthusian ashramam sthaapithamaayathinu thottupinnaale avarude aachaarangalekkurich arinjirikkanam.
ness, spey nadikalkkidayil vipulamaaya thaazhnna pradeshangal alexander randaaman oordarinu nalki. plus carden, eljin, dankinidir, mollen, forrez, dalpottan, findhone, spey ennivayile saalman fishing avakashangal ennivayile millukalude varumanathinum addeham munganana nalki. plus carden vanangalil khananam cheiyunna ellah irumbinteyum dasaamshavum priric nalki. ivayellaam orumichu eduthaal plus carden abhivridhi praapichu ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu.
prairiyil ninnulla samakaalika charithrangal nilavilillengilum skotlandinte charitramaanu "lieber plus cardensis", ithu scotticronicanileyum fordoonileyum rachanakalil ninnu valareyadhikam kadamedukkukayum 1461 ll dunfermline madaadhipathiyude nirddeshaprakaaram plus cardenil ezhuthukayum cheythu. mouris buchanan enna mathethara purohithanaan eee rekha ezhuthiyathenkilum priyariyude sanyasi sthaapanathil ninnu uthbhavicha vivarangalonnum addeham nalkunnilla.
pathinalam noottaandil rund theepidutthangal nadannathaayi parambaraagathamaayi parayappedunnu. aadyathethu 1303-ll englandile edward onnamanum randaamathethu 1390-ll buchante aadya earl alexander stuvarttinum baadenokkinte chennaaya ennum vilikkapettu. theepidithamundaayathaayum traansepttukalkk sambhavicha naashanashtangal orikkalum kuranjuvarunna vibhavangalilekku thirichethiyillennum bhauthika thelivukal sthireekarikkunnu. 1398ll thomas fulonis 21 varsham sevanamanushticha sesham raajivachu. muun alexandere (1398-c.1417) thiranjedutthathaayum vashalaayikkondirikkunna pally thaamasasthalangalum nannakkaanulla chumatala nalkiyittundennum addeham moreh bishappin kathezhuthi. 
pathinanjaam noottaandode aaraan munpanthiyilullathu ennathinekkurichu pathiv vaadangal pottippurappettathode bhouthikamaayum raashtreeyamaayum sabhayude avastha gauravamaayitheernnu. nooruvarshathe yuddham (1337-1453) moolam varumanam kurayunnathum fransumaayulla parasparavirudhamaaya bandhavum sthithigathikal vashalakki. wall dii choksile vaarshika pothu adhyaayathil pankedukkunnathil ninnu scotish bhavanangalkk elavu nalki.
benedikttin priyari.
1453-ll, urkhartinte mungamiyaaya joonn, thante ashramavum plus carden layippikkanamenn maarppaappayod aupachaarikamaayi abhyarthichu. akkaalat, urkhartinu rund sanyasimar maathrame undaayirunnulloo, plus carden aarr sanyasimar maathrame undaayirunnulloo. 1453 march 12 nuu nicolas vii. oru marpappa kaalaye puratthirakki, athinusesham plus carden benedikttin dunfermline abbeyude makalude veedaayi maari. kettidangal kooduthal vishalavum punasthaapikkaan eluppamaanennu karuthiyathum munpu athinte aadyathe benedikttainaayi nischayichathumaayathinaal, pradhana sthalathinaayi urkwartinu pakaram plus carden thiranjedutthu. ennirunnaalum, dunfermline prathinidhiyude madaadhipathi addehathe ariyichu, valareyadhikam naveekaranatthinte aavasyakatha thanikk praadhamikamaayi thonniyathaayi; ekadesham 60 varshathe avagananayude anantharafalamaayi gaayakasamghathinteyum crossinginteyum nilavara melkkoorakal thakarnnuveezhaan saadhyathayund. joninte kaalathuthanne plus cardente prairiyilum athinumumbum kramakkedukal saadhaaranamaayitheernnirunnu, koodaathe rund sthalangalileyum praivezhs valareyadhikam paapatthinte kuttaropitharaayi. durupayogam cheythuvennu aaropikkappedunna oru kammeeshanethudarnnu, aathmaarthamaayi raajivachu, dunfermline aabeyile vishudhanaaya vilyam boys adhikaaramettu. plus carden munbulla randaamathe benedikttainaaya vilyam boysinu, abbeyude naavinte padinjaaran attam punasthaapicha samayat madaadhipathiyaaya richard dii both vellil (1445-70) ninnu dunfermline abbeyude palli thunitharatthinte paripaalanatthinte utharavaaditham nalkiyirunnu. eee munkaala bharanakaalathaanu plus cardenil chila pradhana mechappeduthalukal nadathiyathennu nigamanam cheythittundu. 1506 aayappozhekkum jaims naalaaman rajaavinu prairiyil thamasikkaan kazhiyukayum kettidatthil jolie cheiyunna kothupanikalkku paaneeyam vaangaan 15 shillingukal nalkukayum cheythathayi ariyappedukayum cheythu.
chaarttarukalil avarude oppukal kaanikkunnathupole 16-aamm noottaandile plus cardenile poorakam 1500-ll ezhu sanyasimar, 1508-ll ombathu, 1524-ll pathimoonnu, 1548-ll pathinonnu, 1558-ll pathinonnu enniva undaayirunnuvennu kaanikkunnu. parishkaranatthinu sesham, 1561-ll prairi vaadakaykku nalkiyathu nivaasikalude vishadaamshangal nalkunnu-anchu sanyasimar, rund dasanmarullah oru chamberline, oru maasttar-cook, maasttar-baker, porter, oru thottakkaaran. jorjju learmonth (1509-29), alexander danbaar (1529-60) ennivaraayirunnu parishkaranatthinu munbulla avasaanathe rund pramukhar, avar mathethara purohithanmaaraayirunnavi iruvarum benedikttain seelam dharichirunnu. danbaar, elginile thante samakaalika bishop patrick hepbeninte athe reethiyil, prairi swath valia thothil anyavalkkarichu-danbaarinte kaaryatthil, swantham kudumbatthinu. 1560ll danbaar marikkukayum sanyaasimaarude varumaanavum avasheshikkunna sanyaasimaarude shemavum nireekshikkunna saadhaarana prashamsaapathrangalude thudarchayaaya utharavaaditham samoohathinu nalkukayum cheythu. plus cardenil rekhappeduthappetta avasaanathe sanyasi thomas rooss aayirunnu, munbu prashamsaapatram nalkiyirunna alexander settaninoppam (pinneedu dunfermline aadya earl aayi) iruvarum 1586-ll malsyabandhanathinu saakshyam vahichu. priric oru sanyasi samooham illaathaayathinu sesham, estettukal saadhaarana prirermaaraanu bharichirunnathu.
pathinezhaam noottaandil, prairi nashichupokukayum elginile sent gails kirkkinte punarnirmmaanatthinaayi oru kwaariyaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. kettidam valia thothil thazheyirakkiyirikkanam ennaanu holliermark nalkia panam soochippikkunnathu. plus cardenile bhoomi feefinte earlukalude udamasthathayilaayi, naalaamathe earl eest rench oru shooting lodjai maattiyappol kooduthal thakarchaye thadanju. 1897ll byoottinte moonnaamathe marcus joonn patrick kriktan-stuvaartt eee vasthu vaangi, addeham palliyude punarudhaarana pravartthanangal aarambhichuvenkilum 1900ll addehathinte maranashesham athu nirtthivachu.
benedikttin abbe.
ippol plus carden kettidangalude udamasthathayilulla loard kolam kriktan-stuvaartt 1943ll priory athinte bhoomiyum benedikttin prinknash abback nalki. samooham 1948ll ethi, ezhu varshathinullil palliyude bell towerinu melkoora nalki. punarudhaarana pravartthanangal thudarukayum 1966-ll prinknashil ninnu swaathanthryam nedukayum 1974-ll abbe padavi nedukayum cheythu.
1987ll plus carden sent. plus cardente aashrithathvam enna nilayil canonical padavi nedunnathinu meriyude ashramam, peetershaam, yuu. ezz. 1990-ll plus cardente dome anselm atkinsan sent. merris ezhuthiyathu madaadhipathiyaaya alfred spensoraanu. 2011 august 9 nuu plus carden madaadhipathiyaayi thiranjedukkappedunnathu addeham peettershaamile eee offeesil thudarnnu. 2011 october 3 nuu plus cardenil addehathinte abhishekam nadannu.
abbe athidhikale swaagatham cheyyukayum idaykkide aupachaarika retreatukal nadathukayum cheiyunnu. palli, refectory, mattu sanyaasimekhalakal ennividangalil saadhaaranayaayi nishabdatha acharikkunnu. madatthinte kaikondu cheiyunna jolikalil athidhikal palappozhum sahayikkunnu.

