
aksharangal

nepolian bonappaarttinte bharanakaalathu aii. dii. 1ll nirmmicha paareesile shilpa bhithi jaladhaarayaan fontaine dii leda, chilappol fontaine duu resent ennum ariyappedunnu. akille valoyisinte central baas-refeel paanal ulla eee jaladhara ledayudeyum hamsathinteyum aithihyathe chithreekarikkunnu. ithu yadhaarthathil ruu dii vougiraardinteyum ruu duu diu resentinteyum moolayilaan sthithicheythirunnathu, athinaal badal peru; ennirunnaalum, 1864 ll, luis nepolian chakravarty paareesinte punarnirmmaana velayil, luxemburg gaardanile medisi jaladhaarayude pinbhaagathekku jaladhara maatti, avide athu avasheshikkunnu.
charithram.
1806 meyy 2 nuu nepolian bonnepart thante vishudha meghathinte utharavil niyogicha pathinanju puthiya paarees jaladhaarakalil onnaayirunnu fontaine dii leda. paarees, francois-jeane brally, yuva shilpi achille valois (1785-1862) ennivarude jalavitharanathinu utharavaadiyaaya enchineeyarude padhathiyaanithu. oru swakaarya poonthottatthinte mathilinunereyaanu ithu nirmmichathu. 
rund pilestarukalkkidayil oru peedatthil uyarthiya oru bays-refeel shilpam chernnathaanu jaladhara. oru kazhukan, chirakukal, vyaapichukidakkukayum loralinte kireedam pidikkukayum cheythu, orikkal athu neppoliyante saamraajyathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. pailastarukal parasparam kettiyirikkunna rund dolphinukalude silpangalaal alankarichirikkunnu oru kappalinte sahaayathin chuttum valathuvasathullathum trishoolathinu chuttum idathuvashathullathum.
baas-reliff thanne leada rosaapookkalaal chuttapetta hamsavum kaanikkunnu. oru moolayil, cupid thante villil ninnu oru ambu vekkunnu. leda hamsathe kaalmuttil pidikkukayum venkalam kondu nirmmicha hamsathinte kokkil ninnu vellam ozhukukayum cheiyunnu. jaladhaarayude adivaarathulla oru ardha-deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla thadatthilekku vellam veezhunnu.
1812-ll vimarsakanaaya amouri duval eee jaladhara apalapichu, kaaranam baas-releafinte vishayam kaaranam, jupittar leda vasheekarikkan svayam oru hamsamaayi parivartthanam cheythu. addeham paranju, "bhaavanayilekku athu aavashyappedunna ashayangal kaaranam, pothujanangalude kanmunnil sthaapichirikkunna oru smaarakathin ithu anuyojyamaaya vishayamalla.". ennirunnaalum, jaladhara pothujanagalkkidayil janapriyamaayirunnu. samriddhamaaya jalathinte abhavamaayirunnu athinte pradhana parajayam. neppoliyante neethrthwathil kanaalukalum jalasambharanikalum poortthiyaakunnathinu munbu nirmmicha ellah paarees uravakaleppole, athinu jalasammarddamillaayirunnu; hamsathinte kokkil ninnu nerttha aruviyil maathrame vellam ozhukaan kazhiyoo.
1850kalude avasaanathil, luis nepolian chakravarty paarees kendratthinte punarnirmmaana velayil, ruu dii rennes vipuleekarikkukayum jaladhara sthaapicha mathil polichuneekkendivariyum cheythu. nagara parkkukaludeyum neenthalchaalukaludeyum silpiyaaya gabriel david svayam oru silpiyaayirikke jaladhara samrakshikkunnathinulla oru maargam thedi. thanikk sthaapikkaan kazhiyunna oru pothu parkino kettidatthino vendi addeham veruthe tirayukayum oduvil medisi jaladhara maattukayum punarnirmmikkukayum cheiyunna luxemburg poonthottatthil thaamasamaakkukayum cheythu. 1864-ll aarkkitekt aalphons dii gisezhs athinte puthiya veettil leda jaladhara sthaapichu, athu medisi jaladhaarayude pinbhaagathu gadippikkukayum mukalil oru demi-kappilum shilpiyude rund naayadukalum moonnu venkala maaskaranukalum adiyil maaskukalude roopathil spouttukalum cherkkukayum cheythu. nepolian saamraajyathinte pratheekamaaya kazhukane unmoolanam cheiyunnathinaayi mattoru shilpi jaladhaarayude adithara parishkarichathaayi thonnunnu.

