
bulgariayile maikkal shishman

1323 muthal 1330 vare bulgariayile saarayi bharicha maikkal assen III (, "mihail assen III", saadhaaranayaayi maikkal shishman (mikhayal shishman, "mihail sisman"), addehathinte jananathinte krithyamaaya varsham anjjaathamaanengilum athu 1280 num 1292 num edayilaayirunnu. addeham randaamathe bulgarian saamraajyathile avasaanathe bharana rajavamshamaaya shishman raajavamshathinte sthaapakanaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, kireedadhaaranathinushesham, maikkal assen rajavamsham, randaamathe saamrajyam bharicha aadya rajavamshavumaayulla thante bandham oonnipparayaan assen enna peru upayogichu.
oorjjaswalan abhilashamullavanumaaya bharanadhikaariyaaya maikkal shishman baisantain saamrajyathinum serbia rajyathinum ethire aakramanathmakavum ennaal avasaravaadaparavum asthiravumaaya videsanayam nayichu, athu swantham jeevan apaharicha vinashakaramaaya velbasd yudhathil avasaanichu. bulgarian saamraajyathinte baalkkanukalude mail sainikavum raashtreeyavumaaya aadhipathyam lakshyamitta avasaanathe madhyakala bulgarian bharanadhikaariyum sthiramaaya aalukale pidichedukkaan shramicha avasaanatheyaalumaayirunnu addeham. addehathinte makan ivaan steefanum pinneedu addehathinte anantharavan ivaan alexander serbiayumaayi sakhyamundaakki maikkal shishmante nayam maatti.
simhaasanathilekku uyaruka.
1280num 1292num idayil janicha maikkal shishman, "sebaastokrettar" peettarinteyum ivaan assen randaamante (aarr. 1218-1241), epairasinte airin comneen. bulgarian simhaasanathile theodor svettoslaavu (aarr. 1300-1321), jorjju terter II (r. 1321-1322). 1292-ll pithavum stephaan miluttinum thammilulla samaadhaanathin sesham, maikkal shishman miluttinte makal anna-nenayumaayi vivaahanischayam nadathukayum 1298-loow 1299-loow avar vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu.
pathimoonnaam noottaandinte pakuthi muthal, vidin pradesham phalapradamallaatha bulgarian aadhipathyathin keezhil svayambharanaadhikaaramullathaayinu, thudarchayaayi yakov svettoslaavu (maranam 1276), shishman (maranam 1308 num 1313 num idayil), pinneedu maikkal shishman ennivar bharichu. shishman makan avarude cussin theodor svettoslaavil ninnu svechaadhipathiyude haikkodathiyude padavi labhichu, randaamathethu samakaalika veneeshyan srothassil "bulgariayude svechaadhipathiyum vidin prabhuvum" ennu paraamarsikkappettu. serbian rajaavaaya stephaan miluttinte maranathode bulgarian thalasthaanamaaya tarnovoyil kooduthal sajeevamaaya oru nayam pinthudaraan maikkal shishmante kazhivinu kazhinju. taamasiyaathe addeham raajyathinte aabhyanthara kaaryangalil oru pramukha prabhuvayi maarukayum 1323-ll jorjju terter randaamante makkalillaattha maranathethudarnnu maikkal shishman bulgariayude chakravarthiyaayi prabhukkanmaar thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. chila charithrakaaranmaarude abhipraayathil addeham assen raajavamshathinte pingamiyaayathinaal thiranjedukkappedukayum simhaasanathilekkulla addehathinte praveshanathe oru puthiya raajavamshathinte thudakkamayittalla, marichu assen kudumbatthinte thudarchayaayi vyaakhyaanikkukayum cheiyunnu. addehathinte ardhasahodaranaaya belore addehathinte pingamiyaayi videente svechaadhipathiyaayi.
baisantain saamraajyavumaayulla bandham.
baisaantiyathinethiraaya yuddham.
jorjju terter randaamante pettennulla maranathethudarnnu oru hraswakaala ashayakkuzhappavum anishchithathvavum undaayi, ithu baisaantain chakravarthiyaaya andronicos moonnaaman paleologos chooshanam cheythu. bysantains vadakkukizhakkan thrays marikadannu yambol, lardia, ketteniya, rusocustro, aankiyalas, sosopol, agattopol ennivayulppede niravadhi pradhana nagarangal pidichedutthu. athe samayam, muun bulgarian chakravartthiyude sahodaranaaya oru baisaantain sponsor cheytha nadi, voysilu punchirikkunnu (aarr. 1292-1298), balcan parvathangalkkum sredna goraykkum edayilulla thaazhvarakale sliven muthal copsis vare niyanthrikkunna kraanil svayam aninirannu. eee ghattathil puthuthayi thiranjedukkappetta maikkal shishman andronicos III-nuu ethire thekkott march cheythu, athesamayam andronicos III-nte neethrthwathilulla mattoru baisantain sainyam philipopolisine (plovedive) uparodhikkukayaayirunnu. rashyakkaaranaaya ivaante neethrthwathilulla oru bulgarian kaaval senaye prathirodhichukondu, bysantines 100 sainikarude anchu nilakalulla uparodha gopuram upayogichenkilum uparodham parajayappettu. philipopolisil baisantain sainyam earppettirikkumbol, maikkal shishman thante sainyathe vadakkukizhakkan threysilekku nayikkukayum nashtappetta nagarangal vegathil pidichedukkukayum angane baisantainmaare pinwangan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu.
maikkal shishman andronicos moonnaamane pinwangan nirbandhichenkilum, bulgariakkaar kaavalkkaare maattumbol baisaantains philipopolis pidichedutthu. nashtam undaayirunnittum, maikkal shishman voysiline puratthaakkaanum 1324-ll vadakkan, vadakkukizhakkan threysinte mail bulgarian niyanthranam poornnamaayum veendedukkaanum kazhinju, ithu muun varsham intergrenathil bysantains pidichedutthirunnu. 1324-ll veendum bulgarian chakravarty maaritsa nadiyude thaazhnna pathayil trianopolis, veera vare munnerunna bysantium aakramichu. andronicos moonnaaman thante sainyathinte ennam kooduthalaayathinaal bulgarian sainyavumayi edapedaan kazhinjilla. samgharsham pariharikkan addeham maikkal shishman oru yudhayudham vaagdaanam cheythu. joonn kaantakausanos udharicha vaakkukalode bulgarian chakravarty marupadi nalkki 
baisantain chakravarty eee utharathilum thaan athijeevichuvenna vasthuthayilum prakopithanayirunnathaayi parayappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, andronicos moonnaman andronicos randaman thammilulla samgharshathekkurichu ariyikkapetta maikkal moonnaaman, yudhamundaayaal muthachanethire andronicos moonnaamane sahayikkaan kazhiyumennu soochana nalkukayum udan thanne charchakal aarambhikkumenn vaagdaanam cheyth bulgariayilekku madangukayum cheythu.
samadhana karar baisaantain aabhyanthara yudhathile pankaalitthavum.
aakramanathinu bulgariakkaare shikshikkanamenn aavasyappettenkilum iru raajyangalum charchakal aarambhikkanamenn bulgariayumaayulla bandhathekkurichu sthiramaayi nadanna oru kaunsilil theerumaanichu. maikkal shishman thante bhaarya anna neda vivaahamochanam cheyyukayum theodor svettoslaavu chakravartthiyude 35 kaariyaya vidhavayaya theodora paleologinaye vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. aaa pravrithiyude krithyamaaya kaaranagal vyakthamalla. bulgarian-serbian bandhangalude thakarcha macedoniayile serbian nuzhanjukayattathil veroonniyathaanennu pala charitrakaaranmaarum abhipraayappedunnu. eee vivaham baisaantain saamraajyavumaayulla samadhana udambadi urappichuvenkilum serbukalkkethire oru sakhyakakshiyude aavasyakatha maikkal shishmane elavukal nalkaan prerippichu. athirthi philipopolis-chernomen-sosopol rekha pinthudaraan theerumaanichu. oduvil 1324-leeii sarathkaalathaanu karar oppuvaykkappettath, maikkal shishman adutha niravadhi varshangal ayalkkaarumaayi samaadhaanathode chelavazhichu.
1327-ll maikkal shishman baisantain saamraajyathil puthiyathayi nadanna aabhyantharayudhathil earppedukayum thante bhaaryaasahodaran andronicos moonnaamante paksham pidikkukayum, addehathinte muthachanum ethiraaliyumaaya andronicos randaaman serbian raajaavinte pinthuna nedukayum cheythu. andronicos moonnaman maikkal shishman chernomenil vachu kandumuttukayum (dimoticayile naisphoras gregorus parayunnathanusarichu) serbiyaykkethire oru aakramanathmaka sakhyam avasanippikkukayum cheythu. thaan eaka chakravarthiyaayaal niravadhi pattanangalum valia thukayum ulla bulgarian pradeshathekku baisantain chakravarty vaagdaanam cheythu. aaa sakhyathinte adisthaanathil, andronicos III macedoniayude niyanthranam nediyengilum addehathinte vijayam baisantain saamrajyathinullil neenduninna samgharsham lakshyamitta maikkal shishman andronicos randaamanumaayi charchakalil earppedukayum panatthinum chila athirthi pradeshangal kaimarunnathinum pakaramaayi sainika pinthuna vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. bulgarian bharanadhikaari rashyakkaaranaaya ivaante neethrthwathil 3,000 kuthirappadaye yambolil ninnu constantinoppil, andronicos randaaman ennividangalil saamraajyathva kottaram samrakshikkaan ayachuvenkilum pazhaya chakravarty nagaratheyum pidichedukkuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte uddeshyam. thante kochumakan munkootty munnariyipp nalkia andronicos randaaman bulgeriyakkaare thalasthaanathuninnum thante vyakthiyilninnum akale sookshichu. thante padhathikal velippettathayi maikkal shishman manassilaakkiyappol, pinwangan addeham oru thoovalulla oru kathu ivaan ayachu, athaayath utharavukal udan nadappaakkendathundu.
muthachanethiraaya andronicos moonnaamante vijayathethudarnnu maikkal shishman balaprayogathiloode chila bhoomi nedaan shramichu. 1328 juunil addeham thrays akramikkukayum visayile pradeshangal kollayadikkukayum cheythuvenkilum andronicos III-nte munnettatthinu munbu pinmari. 60 divasathinu sesham adrianoplesinu munnil nadanna mattoru ettumuttal yudhamillaathe avasaanikkukayum 1328 octoberil samadhana udambadi puthukkukayum cheythu, athinusesham maikkal shishman thante raajyathekku madangiyethi, pakshe valia prathiphalam labhikkunnathin munballa. pakaramaayi, aakramanathinte prarambha ghattangalil avar pidicheduttha bukkalon kotta bulgariakkaar thirike nalki. adutha varsham thudakkathil bulgarian chakravarty serbiayude vardhichuvarunna shakthikkethire oru krithyamaaya udambadiyum samyuktha sainika pravartthanangalum charcha cheyyaan thante baisaantain ethiraaliyumaayi oru vyakthigatha koodikkaazhcha abhyarthichu. sosopol angialus thammilulla "crimney" ennariyappedunna pradeshathu iruvarum "shaashvathamaaya samadhaanavum shaashvathamaaya sakhyavum" oppittu.
serbiayumaayulla bandham.
1324-ll anna nedayumaayulla vivaahamochanam pathinalam noottaandinte thudakkam muthal souhaarddaparamaayirunna bulgaria serbia thammilulla bandham vashalakki. anna nedaykk thalasthaanamaaya tarnovoyil ninnu makkalodoppam pookukayum serbiayile rajaavaaya thante sahodaran steefan decanskyil ninnu abhayam thedukayum cheythu. thante cussin steefan vladislav randaamanethire yudhathil earppettirunna decanskick maikkal shishmane ethirkkaan kazhinjilla. bulgarian chakravarty thante ethiraaliye serbiayile rajaavaayi polum amgeekarichu, pakshe vladislavinulla addehathinte sahayam aparyapthamaayirunnu. 1324 leeii vasanthakaalath decansky bhaaviyile serbian aarch bishop danilo randaamane tarnovoyile bulgarian chakravarthiyumaayi charcha cheyyaan ayachuvenkilum addehathinte dauthyam anishchithathvathilaayirunnu. serbukal addehathinte muthachane pinthunachappol bulgariakkaar andronicos moonnaamanumaayi sakhyamundaakkiyappol baisaantain aabhyantharayudhathil iru raajyangalum veendum athirvashathaayirunnu.
1329-ll andronicos III-maayi karar undakkiya sesham, serbukal ohridinu chuttumulla pradeshangal kollayadikkumbol maikkal shishman akramikkaan thayyaareduppukal aarambhichu. serbian charithrakaaranmaarude abhipraayathil, addeham serbian raajaavine keezhadakkanamennu ahankaarathode aavasyappedukayum "serbian raajyathinte madhyathil thante simhasana sthaapikkumennu" bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu. 1330-ll, thekk ninnu munnerunna andronicos moonnaamante sainyathil cherumennu pratheekshichukondu, maikkal shishman 15,000 sainikarude oru valia sainyavumayi serbiayilekku march cheythu, athil thante saamanthanmaaril ninnum vallachiya, moldevia ennividangalil ninnulla sakhyakakshikalil ninnumulla shakthippeduthalukalum ulppedunnu. aadyam addeham vidinilekku pooyi, avide thante sahodaran belorinte sainikarumaayi chernnu pravartthikkaan aagrahikkunnuvennu charitrakaaranmaar vishwasikkukayum thudarnnu thekkott march cheyyukayum cheythu. baisantainsumaayulla mosham ekopanam kaaranam, bulgarian sainyam serbukale kandumutty, avarude sainyathil 15,000 purushanmaarum undaayirunnu, welbusdinu (custendil) sameepam maathram. oru vyakthiparamaaya koodikkazhchayil, iruvarum kooduthal shakthippeduthalukal pratheekshichirunnathinaal rund bharanaadhikaarikalum oru divasathe vedinirthalinu sammathichu. karaarine pinthunacha maikkal shishman vyavasthakalkkaayi thirayunnathinaayi thante sainyathe pirinjupokaan anuvadichu. ennirunnaalum, juulai 28 nuu raavile, pradhana serbian sainyathinte sainyamaaya 1,000 kanatha aayudhadhaarikalaaya kaattalan kuthirappadayaalikal raajaavinte makan steefan dussante neethrthwathil ethi, serbukal avarude vaakk lamghikkukayum bulgariakkaare akramikkukayum cheythu. apratheekshithamaya akramanam undaayirunnittum, maikkal shishman thante sainyathe oordar cheyyaan konduvaraan shramichuvenkilum appozhekkum valare vaikiyirunnu, serbukal vijayichu. yudhathinte phalam varum dashakangalil baalkkanukalile adhikara santhulithaavastha roopappeduthukayum bulgariaykku pradesham nashtamaayillengilum serbukalkku macedoniayude bhooribhaagavum kaivashappeduthukayum cheythu.
maranavum paarambaryavum.
maikkal shishmante maranathe chuttipattiyulla saahacharyangal vyakthamalla. baisantain chakravarty charitrakaaranumaaya joonn kaantakausanosinte abhipraayathil chakravarty yudhathil maarakamaayi parikkelkkukayum taamasiyaathe marikkukayum cheythappol mattoru baisantain charithrakaaran maikkal shishman bodham nedaan kazhiyaathe moonnu divasam koodi jeevichuvennum naalam divasam marichuvennum soochippikkunnu. yudhathil addehathinte kuthira veezhukayum shareeram thakarkkukayum cheythathayi serbian charithrangal parayunnu. addehathinte mrithadeham decanskyilekku kondupoyappol addeham addehathe vilapichu, pakshe samaadhaanathekkaal yudhamaanu thaan eshtappedunnathennu choondikkaatti. pathinanjaam noottaandinte thudakkathil bulgarian pandithanum purohithanumaaya gregory samblack parayunnath serbian rajaavaaya steefan dussante makan maikkal shishmane pidikoodukayum kollukayum cheythuvennaanu. staaro naagorikkaanile sent jorj palliyilaanu addehathe samskarichathu.
maikkal shishman oru vyarthanum akramanakaariyum avasaravaadiyumaaya bharanadhikaariyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, addehathinte protein videsanayam orupakshe addehathinte jeevitam avasaanippicha yudhathinu kaaranamaayi. athesamayam, addeham vyakthamaayi shaktan oorjjaswalavumaayirunnu, thante sthaanaarohanathinu munbulla anishchithathvathil bulgariayude nashtangale marikadakkukayum thirichupidikkukayum cheythu, koodaathe thante hraswa bharanakaalathu bulgariaykkullil aabhyanthara samadhaanavum surakshyum nilanirthaan addeham kaikaaryam cheythu. pathinalam noottaandile ettavum sradheyanaaya bulgarian rajaavaayi andrieve addehathe visheshippikkunnu. cantacusenosinte abhipraayathil, raajyam baisaandiyathil ninnu istros, athaayath, vare vikasippikkaan addeham aagrahichu. iii. constantinoppil muthal danube vare, ithu baisaantain thalasthaanam phalapradamaayi pidichedukkaan shramicha avasaanathe madhyakala bulgarian bharanadhikaariyaayi addehathe maattunnu. maasidoniyayil kooduthal sajeevamaaya oru nayathinu neethrthwam nalkaan shramicha pathittaandukalaayi aadyathe bulgarian bharanadhikaari koodiyaayirunnu addeham. 1999lum 2005lum puratthirakkiya bulgarian 2 leves baanknottinte pinvashathu maikkal shishmante mudra chithreekarichirikkunnu.
kudumbam.
serbiayile stephaan euros randaaman miluttinte makalaaya serbiayile anna nedayeyaan maikkal shishman aadyam vivaham kazhichathu. eee vivaahathiloode addehathinu niravadhi kuttikalundaayi, ivaan stephaan ulppede, addeham bulgariayude chakravarthiyaayi (aarr. 1330-1331), vidinum shishmanumre svechaadhipathiyaayi taamasiyaathe bharicha maikkal. baisaandiyatthile maikkal iks paleologosinte makalaaya bulgarian chakravarthiyaaya theodora paleologinayumaayulla randaam vivaahathiloode maikkal shishmante perukal anjjaathamaaya niravadhi kuttikalundaayi.