
kshaama kshethram

chainayile shansiyile sian nagaratthil ninnu 120 kilometer padinjaraayi phufeng kaundiyile fammen tounil sthithi cheiyunna oru budhakshethramaanu fammen kshethram. gwanshongile pagoda kshethrangalude poorvvikan" ennaanu ithu parakke kanakkaakkappettirunnath.
charithram.
hahn rajavamsham.
vadakkan shau raajavamshathinte kaalathum huwan chakravarty kizhakkan hahn raajavamshathile (25-220) ling chakravarty chernnaanu eee kshethram nirmmichathennaanu hahn raajavamshathinte (bisi-220 edii) kandethiya eevs-tailukalum kothiya ishtikakalum pinthunaykkunna oru sidhaantham.
vadakkan rajavamshangal.
vadakkan veyu raajavamshathinte kaalath (386-534), shaamakshethram ithinakam thanne valare valia thothil nilavilundaayirunnuvennu saahitya rekhakal soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, vadakkan shau raajavamshathinte (557-581) chakravartthiyude varshangalil budhamatham valareyadhikam adichamarthappedukayum kshaama kshethram eathaandu poornnamaayum nasippikkappedukayum cheythu.
sui rajavamsham.
sui rajavamsham (589-618) sthaapithamaayathinushesham, budhamathathe aaraadhikkukayum shaamakshethram punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum vadakkan veyu raajavamshathil athinte unnathiyilekku athu veendedukkaan kazhinjilla. athinte peru cheng shhii davo chaang () ennu maattukayum taamasiyaathe athu aduthulla bavochang kshethravumaayi () layippikkukayum kshetra udamasthathayilulla oru krishiyidamaayi maarukayum cheythu.
tang rajavamsham.
tang rajavamsham roopeekarichu divasangalkku sesham kshaama kshethram athinte halsionilekku praveshichu (618-907). tang raajavamshathinte (618) vudinte bharanathinte aadya varshathil ithinu "fammen temple" ennu namakaranam cheyyappedukayum adutha varsham sanyaasimaare niyamikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu sui raajavamshathinte avasaanathil yuddham moolamundaaya araajakathvathil ninnu palayanam cheytha bhavanarahitharaya aalukale kshethram sweekarikkukayum nirbhagyavashaal kathikkappedukayum cheythu. ithu pinneedu sanyasimar punarnirmmichu. anchaam varsham (631) sengwan nagaratthil pagoda nirmmikkunnathinayi vaangyoon kottaram polikkaan saang liangine niyamichu. anchaam varsham (660) gavosong siankvingil punarnirmmicha ithu naalu nilakalulla pagoda poleyulla pavaliyanaayirunnu. pinneedu tang songsong ithinu "yadhaartha avashishta pagoda" ennu perittu. tang songsong budhamathathe sajeevamaayi pinthunakkukayum, vee chakravarthiyumaayi chernnu avarude mudi pagodaykk keezhil kuzhichidukayum cheythu (1978 sharathkaalathil kandethi). jinglong naalam varsham (710), kshethrathe "grand empire carefree king temple" () ennum pagoda "grand true relik pagoda" () ennum punarnaamakaranam cheythu. vensong kaicheng moonnaam varshathil (eiii. dii. 838) ithine "fayoon kshethram" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythuvenkilum taamasiyaathe "shaamam" enna perilekku thirichuvannu. wusong varshathil huichangil budhamatham adichamarthappettappol, kshaama kshethrathe baadhichu. isonginte bharanakaalathu, tang raajavamshathile avasaanathe buddha avashishtam ettedukkal nadannu. akkaalat, kshaama kshethram punarnirmikkappettu, athinte bhoogarbha kottaram pinneedu mattiyittilla. tang raajavamshathile chakravarthimaar ivide 7 thavana budhante avashishtangal nedukayum oro thavanayum udaaramaayi sambhavana cheyyukayum cheythu, ithu kshethrathinteyum pagoda vipuleekaranathinu soukaryamorukki. onniladhikam thavana nirmmikkukayum naveekarikkukayum cheytha sesham, kshaama kshethram 24 muttangalude oru alavukolaakki parinamichu.
anchu raajavamshangaludeyum patthu raajyangaludeyum kaalaghattam.
anchu raajavamshangaludeyum patthu raajyangaludeyum kaalaghattatthil, kiinn lii mavoshen rajakumaran 30 varshathilere kaalamaayi kshaama kshethram naveekarichu. haushou sisonginte varshathil budhamatham niyanthrikkappettirum kshaama kshethram upekshikkapettilla.
paattukalum jiinn rajavamshangalum.
vadakkan geethavamsham sthaapithamaaya sesham shaamakshethram veendum punarujjeevippikkappedu. niravadhi thavana naveekarichathinushesham, jiinn raajavamshathile dhaan randaam varshathil, ithu "svarggathinethiraaya shethravum pagoda" aanennu avakashappettu.
ming rajavamsham.
ming raajavamshathinte longkinginte varshangalil (1567-1572), gwanshong bhookambathil shaamakshethram valareyadhikam nasippikkappedukayum tang raajavamshathinte kaalath nirmmicha thadi pagoda thakarukayum cheythu. vanleyude ezhaam varshathil (1579), "yadhaartha avashishta pagoda" punarnirmmikkukayum 13 nilakalulla ishtika-anukaricha-thadi gadanayulla pagoda polulla pagodayai maarukayum cheythu.
kwing rajavamsham.
kwing raajavamshathinte kaalath, panchakshethrangal shunsi panthrandaam varsham (1655), kianlong 34-aamm varsham (1769), gwangsu patthaam varsham (1884) ennivayil naveekarichu. tongshi onnaam varshathil (1862) shansi pravishyayile huimin prakshobhatthil kshethram thakarnnu. ithu pinneedu punarnirmmikkappettum skeyil valareyadhikam churungi.
republic oof chaina.
republic oof chaina roopeekarichathinushesham, thudarchayaayi sainyathe vinyasikkaan kshaama kshethram upayogikkukayum athu valia thothil nasippikkappedukayum cheythu. prakrithidathavum manushyanirmmithavumaya duranthangalum kadutha daaridryathil jeevikkunna janangalum kaaranam, vadakkan chainayude jeevakaarunya samghadana shethravum pagoda punarnirmmikkaanum durithangal laghookarikkunnathinulla maargangalayi thozhil jolikal upayogikkaanum theerumaanichu. 1938ll aarambhicha punarnirmmaanam 1940 joolaiyil avasaanichu. oru maasathinushesham budhamatha pravartthanangal punasthaapichu.
peeples republic oof chaina.
peeples republic oof chaina sthaapithamaayathinushesham, pravishyayile aadyathe pradhana samrakshitha charitraparamaaya avashishtangalil onnaayirunnu shaamakshethram. ennirunnaalum, kshethrathinte swathukkal ippozhum kshaama pattanatthile schoolukal pole pothu upayogathinaayi viniyogichirunnu. saamskaarika viplavakaalath, redu gaard "naalu pazhaya faashanukal thakarkkunnu" enna peril kshetra haalukalum budhamatha roopangalum nashippichu. kshethrathinte bhoogarbha kottaram samrakshikkunnathinaayi madaadhipathiyaaya leankving (лиянгуин) yadhaartha avashishtamaaya pagodaykk munnil svayam kathichu. pinneedu kottaram kandethiyappol aathmadaahathinte avashishtam ippozhum kaanaan kazhiyumaayirunnu. mattu sanyasimar onnukil pirichuvidappedukayo kollappedukayo cheythu. eee kshethram "phufeng kaundiyile thozhilaallivargga kalaapathinte thaalkkaalika aasthaanamaayi" maari. 1979 nuu sesham, shansey pravishya sarkkar orikkal mahaveera haalinteyum pichala buddha pavaliyanteyum () punarudhaaranatthinu dhanasahayam nalki. 1981 august 4 nuu pularche 1:57 nuu kanatha mazhayil yadhaartha avashishtamaaya pagodayude araa vashathe mathil thakarnnu. eee sambhavam saarvathrika shradha aakarshichu. 1984ll sarkkar mathanayam nadappaakkukayum shaamakshethram budhamatha samudaayathinu kaimarukayum cheythu. 1985ll shansi pravishyayile sarkkar backie pakuthi vashathe mathil thakarkkanum yadhaartha avashishtamaaya pagoda punarnirmmikkaanum theerumaanichu. 1987 epril 3 nuu, kshaamakshethrathile yadhaartha avashishta pagodayude bhoogarbha kottaram thurakkukayum vilayeriya charitraparamaaya avashishtangal kandethukayum cheythu. akkaalat ithu vaarthakalil valare hittaayirunnu. kshethrathinte vipuleekaranavum pagodayude punarnirmmanavum 1988 octoberil poortthiyaayi. athe varsham november 9 nuu kshaama kshetra museum thurannu.
2014 october 16nuu budhamathakkaarude loka fellowship athinte 27-aamath pothusammelanam kshethrathil nadatthi, ithu oru naazhikakkallayi adayaalappeduthi, kaaranam ithu chainayil aadyamaayittaanu sammelanam nadakkunnathu.
puthiya samuchayam.
2009 meyy maasathil shansi sarkkar kshaamakshethrathinu purame valare valia samuchayathinte aadya ghatta nirmmaanam poortthiyaakki. puthiya "shaamakshethra saamskaarika prakrithidrishyangal" kshetra samuchayathilekku chertthu. puthiya samuchayathinte ettavum vyakthamaaya savisheshatha 148 meter namasthe dagoba nilavarayumaan (chuvade kaanuka).
vaasthuvidya.
nilavil pagodaykk sheshamulla grand haal enna tharatthilulla oru leauttu kshaama kshethram paripaalikkunnu. yadhaartha avashishtamaaya pagoda kshethrathinte madhya achuthandaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. athinu munnil munvashathe kavaadavum munvashathe haalum pinnil maharshiyude valia haalum undu. chainayile aadyakaala budhakshethrangalude saadhaarana rooparekhayaanithu.
yadhaartha avashishtamaaya pagoda niravadhi thavana maattiyittund. tang raajavamshathile naalu nilakalulla pavaliyan polulla pagodayil ninnu ming raajavamshathile pathimoonnu nilakalulla ishtika pagodayai ithu parinamichu. ming raajavamshathile pagoda thakarunnathin munbu sarveyil varacha varachathine adisthaanamaakkiyaanu nilavile pathipp punarnirmmichathu. ithu kavachitha konkreett upayogichu asthikoodamaayi nirmmikkukayum pinneedu chaaraniratthilulla ishtikakalaal moodukayum cheiyunnu. pagodaykkullil vinodasanchaarikalkkaayi kazhchakal kaanaan vedikalundu.
bhoogarbha kottaram tang raajavamshathinte gadanayilekku punasthaapichu. gurutharamaayi kedupaadukal sambhavicha chila bhagangal maathramaan maattisthaapichathu. velutha maarbilukalum chunnaambukallukalum upayogichaanu kottaram muzhuvan nirmmichathu. akathe mathilukalum kallukondulla kavaadavum ellaam kothivachittundu. bhoogarbha kottaaratthinte naveekarana samayat, tang kottaarathinu chuttum oru vrithaakrithiyilulla basement nirmmikkukayum budhakshethrangal ulppeduthukayum cheythu. samrakshitha budhamatha viral avashishtam bhoogarbha kottaaratthinte madhyathilaanu.
kshethrathinte padinjaaran division fammen temple myusiyamaanu, athil multy-function resoption haal, trusher haal, mattu kettidangal enniva ulppedunnu.
avashishtangal.
budhante avashishtangal.
1987 meyy muthal, oru bhoogarbha kottaram thurannathinushesham, budhanumaayi nerittu bandhappettathayi avakaashappedunna naalu avashishtangal kandethi. ivayil randennam velutha jaid kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. moonnaamathe avashishtam oru prashastha sanyaasiyudethaanu. eee moonnineyum "duplicate relix" () ennu vilikkunnu. avare samrakshikkunnathinaayi oru "yadhaartha avashishtam" () orumichu sthaapichu. yadhaartha avashishtam manja niramullathum asthi polulla srava kanikakal ullathumaanu. gauthamabudhante (shaakyamuni) viral asthiyaanennu vishwasikkappedunnu. athinusesham, budhante yadhaartha avashishtamaayi avakaashappedunnava kandethiyathinal kshaama kshethram oru buddha theerthaadana kendramaayi maari.
viral asthi ettu pettikalil avasaanathethil sookshichirunnu, oronnum nerttha pattukond pothinjukondu mattullavaye valayam cheythu. puram petti chandanathadiyilum cheenjazhukiya nilayilum aayirunnu, ennaal cheria pettikal svarnnathilum chilath velliyilum onnu jadilum aayirunnu, avaa nalla samrakshanaavasthayilaayirunnu. oro pettikkum oru velli poottu undaayirunnu, athu manoharamaayi kothiyedutthirunnu.
yadhaartha avashishtam tang raajavamshathile budhamathakkaaranaaya davoxuan mattu tang rajavamsha rekhakalum nalkia vivaranathinu samaanamaan.
thaaylandil 1994/11/29-1995/02/29, thaayvaanil 2002/02/23-2002/03/30, hongongil 2004/05/26-2004/06/05, dakshina koriyayil 2005/11/11-2005/12/21 enningane naalu thavana avashishtangal videshathu pooyittundu.
svarnnathinteyum velliyudeyum avashishtangal.
bhoogarbha "kottaram" ippol oru myusiyamaanu, koodaathe mattu chila avashishtangalum undu. ettavum mikacha reethiyil samrakshikkappedunna onnaanu ithuvare kandethiyathil vachu aadyakaala rajakeeya theyila settukalilonnaaya giltt silver tea settu. loha noolil ninnu neytha oru tea cady, oru giltt silver aamayude aakruthiyilulla tea boxes, oru tea roller-grinder, chaaya undakkunnathinulla oru silver stau enniva ithil ulppedunnu. purathana chainayil chaaya kudikkunna chadangu oru paridhivare bhakshanam pole kanakkakkiyirunnathinaal, settinte bhaagamaayi, chaaya kalarthunnathinum kudikkunnathinum tiavo daa sii ennu vilikkunna oru tharam container upayogichirunnu. aadyam, chaaya kandeynaril idukayum sugandhavyanjanagal cherkkukayum cheythu. chayaye pastaakkaan kurachu thilappicha vellam upayogikkukayum athu kudikkaan kazhiyunna chaayaakkaan kooduthal chooduvellam cherkkukayum cheythu.
koodaathe, velliyil svarnnam pooshiya manoharamaaya dhoopavarggavum velliyil svarnnam kondu alankaricha chandanavum pradarshippichittundu. ithil oru burner cover, staakk, kaalukal, mattu bhagangal enniva adangiyirikkunnu. kavarinte thaazhathe bhagam thamara dalangalude paattenukalude oru vrithamkondum mukal bhagam anchu thaamarakalum pothinja tendrilukalum kondum alankarichirikkunnu. oro thamarayilum oru aamayund, athinte thala thirinj vaayil pookkal pidichu. mrugangalude aakruthiyil anchu adii ulla barnarinte munbhaagangal yoonikonukalude aakruthiyilaanu. eiii. dii 869ll saamraajyathva kudumbathinaayi svarnnavum velliyum nirmikkunnathil prathyekathayulla oru saamraajyathva silpashaalayaanu ithu nirmmichathennu barnarile likhitham soochippikkunnu.
aamayude aakruthiyilulla swarnna pooshiya vellimoodukalulla oru container myoosiyathil pradarshippichittundu, athinte purambhaagam aamayude shell, brocade paattenukal enniva upayogichu kothiyeduthittundu. kandeynarinu 13 centimeter uyaravum 28.3 centimeter neelavum 15 centimeter veethiyumundu. koodaathe, tang raajavamshathil ninnullathaanennu vishwasikkappedunna manoharamaaya varkmaanshippinte anchu swarnna-velli phalakangalude oru koottam undu.
bodhisathvarkkaayi prathyekam nirmmicha oru cheria valippathilulla vasthrangalude oru koottam kaanaan kazhiyum, ettavum saadhaaranamaayath 6.5 centimeter neelamulla, 4.1 centimeter neelamulla sleeve ulla araa sleeve blouse aanu. tang raajavamshathile sthreekal dharikkunna oru saadhaarana short sleeve blousinte maathrkayil nirmmicha ithu, chainees "gold couching embroidery" ennu vilikkunna sailiyilaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, koodaathe swarnna noolukal upayogichu embroidery cheythukondu nirmmicha topp grade crinklid embroideryaanu ithu. blouse nenjil thunnicherthirunnu, munvashath buttonukal undu, collar sleeve rimmukalum valanja swarnna noolukal kondu embroidery cheytha paattenukal kondu alankarichirikkunnu. swarnna noolukalude sharashari vyaasam 0.1mm aanu, ettavum kanamkuranja bhagam 0.06mm pole nerthathaanu, ithu oru mudiyekkaal nerthathaanu. koodaathe, uyarnna saankethikavidyayude savisheshathayode aadhunika kaalath polum nedaan prayaasamulla 3,000 swarnna foyil vrithangalil ninnu oru meter swarnna nool vikasippicheduthittundu. prathyekichum, swarnna noolukalude lupe arikukal thunitharathe oru painting pole thonnippikkukayum kramena maarunna nirangal pradarshippikkunnathin krameekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. vasthrangal theerchayaayum oru maasttar-hand upayogichaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu, ithu oru samaanathakalillaatha embroidery kashanamaayi vilayiruthaam.
121 swarnna, velli vasthukkal, 17 glass vasthukkal, 16 olivu green porsaline kashanagal, 700 ladhikam pattunool thunitharangal, 104 buddha prathimakal, noorukanakkinu budhamatha grandhangal ennivayum pradarshanathilundu.
niramulla glaze.
kalar glaze innathe glass maathramaan. chainees glass nirmmaana saankethikavidyaye paashchaathya eshya deerghakaalamaayi swaadheenichirunnu, ettavum saadhaaranamaaya shaili islaamikamaayirunnu. apoorvvamaayathinaal, glass upakaranagalkk svarnnavum jade pole vilayundaayirunnu. kandethiya glass upakaranangal mikkavarum discukal, plettukal, boulukal thudangiya pollayaya upakaranangalaan, avaa 20-ladhikam kashanangalanu.
seramics.
chainees selaadon vidagdhar valareyadhikam bahumanikkukayum chilappol kottaarathinu maathramaayi nirmmikkukayum cheythirunnu. mii seey" (rahasya niram allengil "nigooda niram") polulla munkaala inangalaayirunnu prathyeka shradha nediyava. mii seey" ennathu glazing niratthinte rahasya karakaushalathe soochippikkunnundo atho athu oru prathyeka niratthe soochippikkunnundo ennathinekkurichu oohaapohangal uyarnnu. bhoogarbha kottaaratthile accounting taablettil oru vivaranam velippeduthukayum "mii seey" seraamiksinte pathimoonnu vilayeriya kashanagal kandethukayum cheythukondu kshaamakshethrathile bhoogarbha kriptt thurannappol seramic tharam oduvil thiricharinju.
pattunool.
tang raajavamshathil chainayude pattunool vyavasaayam athinte pradhana kaalaghattatthiletthi, bhoogarbha kottaaratthil ninnu kandethiya pattunool thunitharangal bodhyappeduthunna thelivukal nalki. aaa thunitharangalil bhooribhaagavum muun chakravarthimaaraanu sambhavana cheythath. avayil vuu seshyante "chakravarthini vuu 's embroiderid scurt" undu.
budhante roopam.
ming raajavamshathile 13 nilakalulla pagodayil budhante 88 edangal undaayirunnu, oronninum oro roopamundaayirunnu. 1939 aayappozhekkum 68 ennam maathrame avasheshichirunnulloo. pinneedu, ming raajavamshathinteyum republic oof chainayudeyum kaalath mudravecha budhante 98 roopangal kandethi, avayil palathilum thiruvezhuthukalundaayirunu.
namasthe dagoba.
thaipey 101 aarkkitekt sii aanu dagoba roopakalppana cheythath. vaii. liie. 35 nila kettidatthinte (148 meter) uyaramulla namasthe dagoba lokathile ettavum uyaram koodiya buddha sthoopamaayirikkaam (ippozhum sthireekarikkappedaatha). oru aaradhanaalayam mathramalla, kshaama pagodayil ninnu kandethiya avashishtangal sookshikkunnathinumaanu dagoba roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu.

