ddmium

presiodymium, neodymium ennee moolakangalude misrithamaanu dedymium (). glass bloying, blacksmitting ennivaykkulla suraksha glassukalil ithu upayogikkunnu, prathyekichu gyaas (propain) powered forge upayogichu, avide ithu oru filter nalkunnu, athu glassile choodulla soodiyam purappeduvikkunna manjaniratthilulla prakaashatthe 589 enmil pothu kaazhchaye doshakaramaayi baadhikkathe thadayunnu, dark veldarinte glassukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi. itharathilulla netra samrakshanathinu dedymium glassinte prayojanam kandethiyathu sarr vilyam crooksaanu.
elakal kooduthal oorjjaswalamaayi kaanappedunnathiloode sharatkaala prakrithidrishyangal vardhippikkunnathinu dedymium photographic filterukal palappozhum upayogikkunnu. opttikkal baand-stopp filteraayi pravartthikkunna kalar spektrathinte ooranchu mekhalayude oru bhagam neekkam cheythaanu ithu cheiyunnathu. philttar cheyyaatha eee koottam nirangal oru chithratthinte chila gadakangale "cheli" aayi kaanapedaan edayaakkunnu. soodiyam street laittukal moolamundaakunna prakaashamalineekaranathinte oru bhagam agiranam cheiyunnathinaal eee photographic filterukal naittskepp photographermaarum upayogikkunnu. soodiyam lighting uthppaadippikkunna manja niram agiranam cheyyaanulla kazhivu kaaranam maatt varkkinayi soodiyam neeravi prakriyayilum ddmium upayogichirunnu.
spectroscopic calibration metteeriyalukalilum ddmium upayogikkunnu.
kandethal.
1841-ll kaal mosander aanu dedymium kandethiyathu. ithu kandethiya lanthanavum seriyavum valare saamyamullathinaal greak padamaaya ("eratta") peril ninnaan ithinu eee peru nalkiyirikkunnath. 1803ll johns jacob bersilius verthirichedutha "seria" (chilappol serait ennu vilikkappedunnu) sarikkum serium, lanthanam, dedymium ennivayude mishrithamaanenna daaranayil mosander dedymium oru moolakamaanennu thettayi vishwasichu. lanthanam oru moolakamaanenna kaaryatthil addeham sariyaayirunnu, pakshe ddmium ennathinekkurichalla. spectroscopy ithuvare kandupidichittillaathillathi, mosander akkaalat pratheekshichathupole thanne cheythu. sweedante baastnaasil ninnulla yadhaartha seraittile apoorva bhoomiyude 95 shathamaanamenkilum addehathinte moonnu "moolakangal" aayirunnu.
tribhuja roopathil seria pink lavanangal chayam pooshiyathinaal dedymium kandethaan budhimuttaayirunnil. dedymium oru moolakamaanennu vishwasichirunna kaalaghattatthil, dii enna chihnam athinu upayogichirunnu. valathuvashath kaanichirikkunna oru aavarthanappattikayile mendaleevinte aadya shramathinte thithreekaranatthil, dedymium ulppedeyulla vividha lanthanideukalkku nalkiyirikkunna aattomik veyttukal avaa dvigunithamaanenna yadhaartha vishwaasathe prathifalippikkunnu. avayude yadhaartha ooksideshan nambar 3 soochippikkunnathu mendeleave avayude aattomik bhaarathe kurachukaanunnu ennaanu.
1874-ll, dedymium kuranjathu rund moolakangalenkilum chernnathaanennu oru teoder cleave anumaanichu. 1879-ll lecock dii boisbadron vadakkan carolinian samarskaittil adangiyirikkunna didaimiyathil ninnu samariyathe verthirichedukkaan vijayichu. 1885-ll kaal our voonn wellsback avasaanathe rund ghadaka gadakangalaaya presodymium, neodymium ennivayude lavanangal verthirikkunnathil vijayichu. naitrik aasidinte laayaniyil ninnulla eratta amonium naitrettukalude fraakshanal kristalaiseshanaayirunnu upayogicha reethi.
wellsback thante rund puthiya moolakangalkk "presodydimium" ("green dedymium"), "neodydimium" ("nyoo dedymium") ennu peridaan theerumaanichirunnuvenkum oro perilum ninnu oru aksharam taamasiyaathe ozhivaakki. puthiya moolakangalude perukalil churukkiyirikkukayaane, glass blovezhsinte kannadakalilum niramulla glassilum oru gadakamaayi upayogichathinaal "ddmium" enna peru nilaninnu. dhaatushaasthra grandhangalilum "ddmium" enna peru nilanirthiyittundu.
glass nirmmaanam.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu, yudhakkalangaliludaneelam mozhs coode kaimaran dedymium mirarukal upayogichathayi reportund. vilakkinte prakasha ulppaadanathile vyathiyaanam vyakthamakkaan dedymium vendathra prakasham agiranam cheiyunnilla, ennaal sariyaaya reethiyil oru prisatthil gadippichirikkunna binocularukalulla oraalkk agiranam cheiyunna baandukal minnunnathum oofaakkunnathum kaanaan kazhiyum.
1920 kalude avasaanathil lioo mosser (mosser glass-works director general, 1916 muthal 1932 vare) prasodaimiyatheyum neodymiatheyum 1:1 anupaathathil punasamyojippichu prakasha srothassine aashrayich aambar, chuvapp, pacha ennivaykkidayil niram maarunna gunangalulla thante "heliolite" glass (check bhashayil "heliolit") srishtichu. 1929ll mosser avatharippicha aadya rund "heliolit", "alexandrit" ennivayulla apoorva erthu kalarantukal upayogikkunna niravadhi alankaara glassukalil onnaanith. 1927 novemberil apoorvamaaya eathenkilum erthu ulppedunna mosser cheytha aadyathe pareekshanathmaka glass urukiyennu corning glass myoosiyathile lioo mosarinte pepparukal vyakthamaakkunnu.
oru varshathe kooduthal vikasanathinu sesham, 1929 leeii leapsigil nadanna vasanthakala vyapara pradarshanatthil apoorva erthu glassukal valia prashamsa nedi. alexandrit, heliolit perukal 1929 juunil vyaapaaramudrakalaayi rajisttar cheyyappettu. 1925-leeii aadya theeyathi chilappol apoorva erthu glassinu glass roopakalppanaykkalla, glass roopakalppanaykkaanu nalkunnathu.
vyaavasaayika upayogam.
ddmium" enna peru apoorva bhouma loha vyavasaayathil thudarnnum upayogichirunnu. amerikkayil, monasitil ninnu labhikkuna prakrithidatha uthppannangalil ninnu serium neekkam cheythathinushesham vaanijyaparamaaya "dedymium" lavanangal avasheshichu, athinaal athil lanthanavum mosanderinte "dedymium" ulppedunnu. 46 sathamaanam lanthanam, 34 sathamaanam neodymium, 11 sathamaanam presodymium ennivayaayirikkaam oru saadhaarana ghadana, bakkiyullava kooduthalum samarium, gadolinium ennivayaayirikkaam, steenkaampskraal khaniyil ninnu dakshinaafrikkan "roock monasitil" ninnu verthirichedukkunna vasthukkalkkaayi.
saadhaaranayaayi, ayirukalil, baastnaasait rachanakalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, monasitil neodymium aapekshika samriddhiyil kooduthalaanu, oronnil ninnum uruthirinja verthirikkaatha mishrithangal arikil parishodhikkumbol vyathyasam sradheyamaanu monasitil ninnu uruthirinja uthppannangal kooduthal pink niramullathum bastnaasaittil ninnu uruthirinja uthppannangal kooduthal thavitt niramullathum, randaamathethinte aapekshika presodymium ulladakkam vardhichathinaal. (baastnaasil ninnulla yadhaartha seraittin monasite manalinu samanamaaya apoorva bhoumaghadanayundu.)
europian upayogam mosanderinte ashayathodu kooduthal aduthaayirunnu. atharam serium-ksheenicha laitt lanthanide mishrithangal petroleum-cracking kaattalistukal nirmmikkaan vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu. prasodaimiyathinteyum neodymiathinteyum yadhaartha anupatham dhaathuvinte uravidathe aashrayich vyathyaasappedunnu, pakshe ithu palappozhum 1:3 aanu. neodymium ellaayppozhum aadhipathyam pulartthunnu, athinaalaan ithinu "neo" appaleshan labhichathu, kaaranam athinte lavanangalile pazhaya dedymium niratthinte bhooribhaagathinum ithu kaaranamaakunnu.

