
europile kireedadhaaranangal

europile raajavaazhchakalil munbu kireedadhaaranangal nadannirunnu. europile kireedadhaaranam ippozhum anushttikkunna eaka raajavaazhchayaan yunaittad kingdom. nilavile europian rajavaazhchakal onnukil kireedadhaaranathinu pakaram lalithamaaya chadangukal nadatthi (udha.jii. norway denmark) allengil orikkalum kireedadhaaranam nadathiyittilla (udha.jii. netherlands beljiyavum). innu mikka rajavaazhchakalkkum raajyathe niyamanirmmaanasabhayude saannidhyathil lalithamaaya oru sathyaprathinja maathrame aavashyamulloo.
raajyam anusarichu.
albania.
1928 septambar 1 nuu albaniayile svayam prakhyapitha rajaavaaya sog onnaaman rajaavu aachaaraparamaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettu. addehathinte kireedadhaarana vasthrathil rooss niratthilulla breachukal, swarnna sparukal, oru swarnna kireedam enniva ulppedunnu. europile eaka musleem rajaavu thante raajyathe ekeekarikkaanulla thante aagrahathinte pratheekamaaya bybililum khuraanilum aavashyamaaya bharanaghadanaa prathinjja cheythu. 1939ll itaaliyan adhiniveshakkaar sogine naadukadatthaan nirbandhithanaakkukayum 1945ll rajavaazhcha aupachaarikamaayi nirthalaakkukayum cheythu.
austriya.
austriyayile chakravartthimaare orikkalum kireedamaniyikkappettil (vishudha roman saamraajyathile avarude mungaamikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi), kaaranam aaa rajyath avarude bharanam niyamavidheyamaakkaan oru kireedadhaaranam aavashyamaayi vannilla.
ennirunnaalum, austriyan saamrajyathinullile chila rajyangalil avar kireedamaniyappettu. 1830ll vishudha steefante kireedatthode hangariyile rajaavaayum 1836ll vishudha venseslaasinte kireedatthode bohemiayile rajaavaayum 1838ll lombardyileyum venesiayileyum rajaavaayum lombardy irumbu kireedatthode ferdinand onnaaman kireedamaniyappettu.
1867leeii austro-hangarian othutheerppinu sesham, austriyayile chakravartthimaare hangariyude rajaavaayi (veendum sent steefante kireedatthode) kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythu 1867ll france-josaf onnamanum 1916ll chaals onnamanum (hangariyile chaals nalaman).
bavaria.
1806ll jarmman dachiyaaya bavaria poornna "raajyam" padaviyilekku uyarthi. ippol baveriyayude raajaavaayitheernna muun "bavaria prabhukkan" maximilian onnaaman, baveriyayude uyarchayude smaranaykkaayi oru koottam kireeda aabharanangal niyogichu. ennirunnaalum, kireedadhaarana chadangu undaayirunnilla, rajaavu orikkalum parasyamaayi kireedam dharichirunnilla. pakaram, avasarangalil pradharshippikkumbol athu addehathinte paadangalil oru kushyanil sthaapichu. 1918ll bavarian rajavaazhcha nirthalaakkappettu.
beljiyam.
1830 muthal 1831 vareyulla beljian viplavathe thudarnnum netherlands yunaittad kingdatthil ninnu oru swatantra beljiyam raajyam sthaapithamaayathinethudarnnum leopold onnamanum addehathinte pingaamikalum orikkalum kireedadhaarana chadangukalil kireedamaniyittilla. beljiathinu kireedangal polulla oru rajabharanavum illa (oru vamshavali chihnamaayi ozhike); raajaavinte aupachaarika sthaapanathinu "bharanaghadanayum beljian janathayude niyamangalum palikkanum raajyathinte swaathanthryam nilanirthaanum athinte pradesham samrakshikkanum" paarlamentinte rund chamberukalile amgangalkku munnil oru gauravamaaya prathinjja maathrame aavashyamulloo.
boudouyinte simhaasanaarohana velayil, juuliyan lahot enna oru niyamasabhaamgam "vaivu laa republic" ennu nilavilichu, mattullavar "vaivu leeii rooy" ennu nilavilichu, muzhuvan arayum raajaavine prashamsikkan ezhunnettu. oraazhchaykk sesham lahotine maricha nilayil kandethi. albert randaamante simhaasanaarohana velayil, niyamasabhaamgamaaya jeane-piyari vaan rossem "leve dii republic, vaivu laa republic europenne, vaivu lahot!" ennu nilavilichu."vaan rosemin mattullavar nilavilichuvenkilum lahottinte athe vidhi avarkk anubhavapettilla.
bohemia.
bohemiayile aadyathe kireedaavakashiyaaya bharanaadhikaariyaayirunnu bohemiayile vraadislaus randaaman. madhyakaalakhattathil, simhasanaarohanam oru vyakthiye bohemiyayude rajakumaaranaakkumennum kireedadhaaranam maathrame oru vyakthiye bohemiyayude raajaavaakkukayulloovennum karuthappettirunnu. sent. kireedadhaarana palliyaayirunnu vittas cathedral. bohemiayile raajaakkanmaarkk vishudha venseslaasinte kireedam nalkukayum rajakeeya chinnangal nalkukayum cheythu, athil oru thoppi allengil mitrum oru eettayum (vishudha venseslaasinte chinnangal) bohemian kireedadhaaranathinu prathyekamaayirunnu.
bohemiayile eaka vanita rajaavaaya maria thereza thaan rajaavaanennum bharyayallennum oonnipparayunnathinaayi rajaavaayi kireedamaniyappedutthi. bohemiayile avasaanathe rajaavaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettathu austriyayile ferdinand chakravartthiyaayirunnu.
sent oof abbez. jorjinte madathinu bohemiayile raajaavinte bharya kireedamaniyikkaanulla padavi undaayirunnu. 1791ll bohemia raajnjiye kireedamaniyikkaanulla avakasham bohemiyayude madaadhipathiykku kaimari.
damenstift allengil kuleena vanithakalude therasian sthaapanam (ellaayppozhum austriyayile oru aarchdyoochukal niraykkunna oru tasthika).
bosnia.
bosniayude aadya kireedavakashi bharanaadhikaariyaayirunnu twartco onnaaman. 1377 october 26nuu nadanna addehathinte kireedadhaaranam bosnia raajyam srishtichu. steefan twartco onnaamane mylisevo aashramathil athinte metropolittan bishop kireedamaniyikkunnuvennu parambaraagathamaayi karuthappettirunnu, ennaal mikka bosnian kireedadhaaranangalum nadanna mile aashramathilaan addehathe kireedamaniyikkunnathenn nirddeshikkappettittund, hangariyile rajaavaaya luis onnaaman ayacha kireedamaanu. tii. vii. aarr. tii. oo. aii. yude kireedadhaaranam atharam aachaarangalkk oru udaaharanamaayi varthichu.
bosnian kireedadhaarana chadangukalude vishadaamshangal vyakthamalla. catholica sabha, bosnian sabha, kizhakkan yaadhaasthithika sabha enniva bosniyayil malsarichu, eathu sabhayile udyogastharaanu kireedadhaaranam nadathiyathennu polum ariyilla. bosnian sabha chadangukalkku neethrthwam nalkaanulla saadhyatha valare kuravaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, kaaranam athinte muthirnnavar atharam achaarangale veruthirunnu. chadangile aaraadhanaaparamaaya vasham pradhanamaayirunnu, pakshe praadhamikamaayirunnilla. oru prathyeka kireedam aadarikkappedukayum sariyaaya kireedadhaaranathinu anivaaryamaayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheythu. simhaasanathil ninnu purathaakkappetta bharanaadhikaarikalkk simhaasanathilekku thirichethiya sesham mattoru kireedadhaaranathinu vidheyamaakendivannu. kireedadhaaranam chilappol vaikiyenkilum, avarude thiranjeduppu kazhinjayudane raajaakkanmaarkk poornna adikaaram prayogikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu.
bosniyayile avasana kireedadhaaranam sent. 1461 novemberil jasseyil nadanna meriyude palli. bosniyayile ellah rajaakkanmaarum kuranjathu aupachaarikamaayi roman katholikkaraayirunnuvel, avasaanathe rajaavaaya steefan tomasevic maathramaan maarppaappayude amgeekaarathode kireedamaniyukayum piyus randaaman marpappa ayacha kireedavum dharippikkukayum cheythath. maarppaappayude legettaan kireedadhaaranam nadathiyathu.
bulgaria.
randaamathe bulgarian saamraajyathile bharanaadhikaarikalkk baisantain chakravartthimaarude athe reethiyil kireedadhaaranam nadathappettu, athesamayam aadyathe bulgarian saamraajyathile bharanaadhikaarikalude kireedadhaarana reethi anjjaathamaayi thudarunnu. 1878 ll swaathanthryam labhichathu muthal 1946 vare aadhunika bulgaria oru rajavaazhchayaayirunnu. aadhunika paarambarya bulgarian rajaakkanmaare paarlament raashtrathalavanmaaraayi prakhyapikkukayum sophiyayile alexander nevsky cathedralil abhishekam cheyyukayum cheythuvenkilum paashchaathya rajyangalil ariyappedunna aupachaarika kireedadhaarana chadangu pasakkiyilla.
kroshya.
845 muthal 1091 vare domagojevic raajavamshathinte thadassangalode duchyilum pinneedu croatia rajyath bharicha oru thaddesheeya croatian raajavamshamaayirunnu tripimirovic rajavamsham. 
925-ll kireedamaniyunna croatiayile aadyathe rajaavaayirunnu tomislav rajaavu. 925-leeii vibhajana kaunsil tomislav raajaavinte nadapadikalile oru kuripp "krottukal pravishyayilum dalmatian pradeshangalilum" ("pruinsia kroyettaram ettu dalmettiyaram finibus tamisclavo rege"), kaunsilinte panthrandaamatthe canonil kroyettukalude bharanadhikariye "rajaavu" ("rex ettu proseres kroyettaram") ennu vilikkunnu. joonn pathaaman maarppaappayude kathil tomislavine "krottukaarude rajaavu" ("tamisclavo, reji krauttoram") ennu vilikkunnu. tomislavine rajaavu ennu vilicha kathukal thomas dhii aarch deekkante 13-aamm noottaandile "saloonayude charithram" ennathinte oru pathippil samrakshichirikkunnu. 
samakaalika rekhakalonnumillenkilum, duvnoyile (tomislavgradinu sameepamulla) oru vayalilaanu tomislav kireedamaniyappettathennu pazhaya charithralekhanam anumaanikkunnu. oru rajaavaaya swaattoplukkinte (charithratthinte pilkkala pathippil budimir) kireedadhaaranavum dalmayile oru vayalil nadanna oru kaunsilum vivarikkunna "dukkalja purohithante charithratthil" ninnaan eee nigamanam varachathu. tomislavum swaattoplukkum ore vyakthikalaanennu chila charitrakaaranmaar sidhaantham cheythu, allengil rachayithaavin raajaavinte peru thettidharikkappettu.
tomislav, peettar cresimir naalaaman, demetrius swonimir ennivaraanu tripimirovic raajavamshathile pramukha bharanadhikaarikal. aaa bhavanathinu naalu prabhukkanmaarum pathimoonnu rajaakkanmaarum oru raajnjiyum labhichu.
1091-ll tripimirovikkinte veettile avasana amgamaaya steefan randaaman oru anantharaavakaashiye upekshikkathe marichu. 1093-ll croatian prabhukkanmaar croatiayile rajaavaayi peettar swaashikkine (snassic) thiranjedutthu. peettar swaachik hangarian raajaavinte adhiniveshathinethire yuddham cheyyukayum 1097-ll gwosed parvatha yudhathil marikkukayum cheythu. ithu 1102-ll croatiayudeyum hangariyudeyum vyakthigatha aikyathilekku nayichu. praayogikamaayi, croatia bharichirunnathu oru croatian prabhukkanmaarude kudumbatthil ninnulla oru nirodhanamaan (oru viceroi). hangariyile oro rajaavum croatiayile rajaavaayi oru prathyeka kireedadhaaranatthinaayi croatiayilekku varumennu sammathichu. croatiayil kireedamaniyunna avasaanathe rajaavu hangariyile andrew randaaman rajaavaayirunnu. addehathinte makanaaya belah naalaaman rajaavu 1235-ll croatiayil kireedadhaaranam cheyyaan visammathikkukayum pinneedu eee aacharam illaathaavukayum cheythu. belah naalaamante pithaav orikkalum croatiayile rajaavaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettitlenna chila pandithanmaar avakaashappedunnu.
1941ll, oosttayile naalaamathe ducaya imone phaasist itali rajaavaayi niyamichu. kireedadhaaranam orikkalum nadannittilla. 
denmark.
danish simhaasanaarohanangale moonnu vyathyastha tharatthilulla aachaarangalaayi tirikkaam thiranjedukkappetta raajavaazhchayude kaalaghattatthil nilaninnirunna madhyakala kireedadhaaranam; 1660 ll samboornna raajavaazhchayude aamukhathode kireedadhaaranathinu pakaram abhishekam cheytha aacharam; oduvil 1849 ll danish bharanaghadana avatharippichathinushesham upayogicha lalithamaaya prakhyapanam.
kireedadhaarana chadangu (1537 leeii kanakkanusarichu) bharanadhikaariyudeyum bhaaryayudeyum ghoshayaathrayode aarambhichu. copenhagenile meriyude cathedral, thudarnnu danish kireeda aabharanangal. rajaavu balipeetathinu munnil irikkukayum avide neethipoorvam bharikkumennum lutheran matham samrakshikkumennum skoolukale pinthunaykkumennum daridrare sahayikkumennum prathijnjayedukkukayum cheythu. ithinethudarnnu raajaavine thaazhathe valath kaiyilum tholukalkkidayilum abhishekam cheythu, pakshe thalayilalla. thudarnnu raajadambathikal oru koodaara aavaranathilekku viramikkukayum avide rajakeeya vasthram dharichu oru prabhashanavum kyriyum gloria kelkkaanum thudarnnu oru praarthanayum lekhana vayana kelkkaanum madangukayum cheythu.
aaa kathe thudarnnu rajaavu balipeetathinu munnil muttukutthi, avidevechu addehathinu aadyam oru vaal nalkappettu. athu thazhachuvalarukayum moodukayum cheytha sesham, appozhum muttukutthi nilkkunna raajaavine purohithanmaarum prabhukkanmaarum kireedamaniyikkukayum avar samyukthamaayi kireedamanika avarude bharanaadhikaariyude thalayil vaykkukayum cheythu. chenkallum bhramanapathavum avatharippikkukayum thudarnnu parichaarakk thirike nalkukayum cheythu. raajnjiye samanamaaya reethiyil abhishekam cheyyukayum kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythuvenkilum avalkk oru chenkolu maathramaan labhichathu, bhramanapathamalla. thudarnnu oru gaayakasamghathinte sthuthigeethangal alapikkukayum puthuthayi kireedadhaaranam cheytha rajaavum raajnjiyum randaamathe prabhashanavum suvishesha vayana kelkkukayum cheythu, athu sevanam avasaanippichu.
1660-ll kireedadhaarana chadangukalkku pakaram abhisheka chadangu nadatthi puthiya rajaavu kireedadhaarana sthalathu athukayum thudarnnu abhishekam cheyyappedukayum cheythu. 1849ll danish bharanaghadana avatharippichathode eee aacharam nirthalaakkappettu. innu denmaarkkinte kireedam avarude shavappettiyude mukalil kidakkumbol maathrame raajaavinte shavasamskaarathil pradarshippikkukayulloo. ippozhathe raajnjiyaaya margreth randaamanu aupachaarikamaaya simhaasanaarohana sevanamonnum undaayirunnilla; christianborg kottaaratthinte balkaniyil ninnu avalude sthaanaarohanathekkurichu oru pothu prakhyapanam nadatthi, puthiya paramaadhikaariye akkaalat (1972) avalude pradhaanamantri prashamsichu, jenz oottoo cragg, thudarnnu thaazheyulla janakkoottam onpathu madangu "hura" kondu aarthuvilichu.
englandu.
1066 muthal westminstar abbe englandinte kireedadhaarana palliyaan. vilyam dhii kankvarar muthal chaals III vare, rund rajaakkanmaar ozhike ellaavarum abbeyil kireedamaniyunnu.
englandile parishkaranatthinte thudakkathetthudarnnu, 1547-leeii aadyathe protestant kireedadhaaranatthil edward rajaavu araman kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettu, eee samayat aarch bishop thomas cranmer vigraharaadhanaykkum "romile bishappumaarude svechaadhipathyathinum" ethire oru prabhashanam nadatthi. ennirunnaalum, aarr varshathinu sesham, addehathinte ardhasahodari merii onnaaman addehathinte pingamiyaayi catholica aacharam punasthaapichu. 1559-ll, elisabath onnaaman catholica sabhayude aabhimukhyathil avasana engleesh kireedadhaaranathinu vidheyayayi; ennirunnaalum, thante protestant vishwaasangal prathifalippikkunnathina mattangal varuthanamennu elisabath nirbandhichathinte falamaayi niravadhi bishappukal sevanathil chumathalayelkkaan visammathikkukayum athu carlisile thaazhnna raankilulla bishop ooven oglethorppu nadathukayum cheythu.
1603ll kireedangalude samyojanathinushesham englandum scotland ore raajaavine pankittu.
france.
orupakshe baisaantain allengil visigothik soothravaakyathe pinthudarnnu, "sacker" ennu vilikkunna franch kireedadhaarana chadangil praadhamikamaayi raajaavinte abhishekamo abhishekamo ulppettirunnu. raajakudumbathinullile prabhukkanmaarude oru sabayum paarambarya niyamangalkkanusrithamaayum thiranjedukkappetta merovingian rajaakkanmaaril avasaanathe raajaavine kuttavimukthanaakkunnathi carolingian rajaavaaya pepin dhii shortinaayi 752-ll soysansil ithu aadyamaayi nadannu. 754ll steefan randaaman maarppaappayude randaamathe kireedadhaaranam sent denisile basilikkayil nadannu; ithu oru marpappa rekhappeduthunna aadyathethaanu. aarch bishop sent remi, aarch bishop sent remi, clovis onnaaman raajaavinte snaapanathinte oormmappeduthalaayi eee uchakodi pravarthichu, avide chadangu oduvil 816-ll maattukayum 869-ll vishudhante shavakudeerathil kandethiya vishudha ambullayude upayogathode poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. kristhuvumaayi kalarthiyathinaal baamu adangiyirikkunna eee roman glass kuppy vishudhaathmaavinte praav konduvannathayi aaropikkappedunnathinal, franch rajaakkanmaar thangalude shakti daivika avakaashathaal labhichathayi avakashappettu. franch kireedadhaarana chadangu englandil 925 muthal, ellaattinumupariyaayi 1066 vare, vijayiyaya vilyaminte kireedadhaaranathodoppam upayogichathinu samanamaayirunnu. 1825-ll chaals patthaamante kireedhaaranamaayirunnu avasaanathe rajakeeya kireedadhaaranam. franch simhaasanathinte anantharaavakaashikalum chilappol avarude mungaamikalude bharanakaalathu kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettirunnu, ennaal jyeshtaavakasha niyamangal kooduthal shakthamaayathode ithu nirthalaakkappettu. dagobert onnaamante simhasanavum chenkolum allengil chaarlemeyninte kireedavum vaalum polulla kireedadhaaranam paareesinadutthulla sent-denisile basilikkayilum vishudha aambulla, challis polulla aradhana upakaranangal ippozhum bhaagikamaayi samrakshikkappedunna reamsilum louverilum mattu paareeshyan myoosiyangalilum sookshichirunnu.
aadyathe franch saamraajyathil, 1804 desemberil nepolian onnaaman chakravarty josephine chakravarty piyas VII maarppaappayude adhyakshathayil paareesile notter daam cathedralil nadanna valare vipulamaaya oru aachaarathil kireedamaniyappettu. nepolian III kireedadhaaranam vendennu theerumaanichu. 1871-ll randaamathe franch saamraajyathinte thakarchaykku sesham raajavaazhchayude punasthaapanathinaayulla pothu vikaaram ozhivaakkaamenna pratheekshayil franch republican sarkkar thakarnn kireeda aabharanangalil bhooribhaagavum vittu.
grease.
grease athinte aadya rajaavu nalkia kireeda aabharanangalude oru koottam nilanirthunnundengilum, onnaamathethu, greasile oru rajaavum orikkalum avaa upayogichu kireedamaniyappettitla. 1974ll oru hitaparisodhanayiloode greak rajavaazhcha nirthalaakkunnathuvare, greak paarlamentinu munnil nadanna sathyaprathinjaa chadangiloode oottoo ozhikeyulla ellah rajaakkanmaarum adhikaaramettu.
vishudha roman saamrajyam.
800-ll chalmaine muthal, 1530-ll chaals vii. bolognayil vachu marpappa kireedamaniyunna avasaanathe vishudha roman chakravartthiyaakunnathuvare vishudha roman chakravartthimaare marpappa kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythu. athinusesham, 1806-ll saamrajyam nirthalaakkunnathuvare, frankfurtil saamraajyathva kireedadhaaranangal nadakkukayum athmeeya rajakumaaranmaaraaya thiranjedukkappettavarum kolonileyum mainsileyum trierileyum aarch bishappumarum avaa nirvahikkukayum cheythu. pilkkala bharanadhikaarikal poptteefinte kireedadhaaranatthinte aupachaarikathayillaathe svayam "electus romanoram imperator" allengil "romanmaarude thiranjedukkappetta chakravarty" ennu prakhyaapichu.
roome (maarppaappayude keezhil), milan (itaaliyan raajyam), arles (bargandi), aachan (jarmmani) ennividangalilaanu kireedadhaaranam nadannathu. thudakkathil roman chadangu ettavum pradhaanappettathaanenkilum oduvil jarmman aacharam athu grahanam cheythu. kireedadhaaranatthinaayi romilek pookunna chakravartthimaarude aacharam avasaanamaayi 1440 ll frederic moonnaamanaanu aacharichathu; athinusesham jarmman kireedadhaaranam maathramaan aaghoshichathu.
hungery.
hangariyile bharanadhikaarikal hangariyude vishudha kireedam kondu hangariyile rajaavaayi kireedamaniyunnathuvare niyamaanusrithamaaya rajaakkanmaaraayi kanakkaakkappettirunnil. sthreekal hungery bharikkan yogyarallennu kanakkakkappettathinaal, rund raajnjikalaaya maria onnamanum maria randaaman thereza hangariyile "rajaakkanmaar" aayi kireedamaniyappettu. 1563-1830 varshangalilozhike, hangariyile aadyathe kireedavaanaaya bharanadhikaariyaaya sent steefan onnaamante shavakudeeramaaya sexeferverilaanu hangarian kireedadhaaranangal saadhaaranayaayi nadannathu. sexeferverinte ottomaan adhinivesham kaaranam braattislaavayile martin cathedral. 1916 desember 30nuu budapesttil nadanna atharamoru avasana aachaarathil austriyayile "kaisar" kaal onnamanum chakravarthini seethayum karoli naalaaman rajaavaayum hangariyile raajnjiyaaya seethayaayum kireedamaniyappettu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathode hangarian rajavaazhcha nashichu, ennirunnaalum raajyam pinneedu 1920 muthal 1945 vare oru naamamaatra rajavaazhcha punasthaapikkukayum athesamayam karoli raajaavine simhasana punararambhikkunnathil ninnu vilakkukayum cheythu. 1945-leeii communist adhinivesham eee "rajaavillaatha raajyathinte" avasaanathe aksharamprathichu.
itali.
1861 muthal 1946 vare nilaninnirunna aadhunika itaaliyan raajyam athinte rajaakkanmaare kireedamaniyichilla.
vishudha roman saamraajyathile paramaadhikaarikal italiyile rajaakkanmaare prashasthamaaya irumbu kireedatthode kireedamaniyikkukayum 1805-ll nepolian italiyile rajaavaayi eee kireedatthode kireedamaniyukayum cheythu.
liketenstein.
lactenstainile paramadhikaara rajakumaranmar orikkalum kireedadhaaranatthino simhaasanaarohana chadangino vidheyamaayittillenkilum, hans-aadam randaaman rajakumaran vaadoosile aarch bishappinte oru kurbanayil pankedutthirunnu, thudarnnu oru corell pradarshanam nadannu. 1719-ll liketenstein kudumbam oduvil vishudha roman saamraajyathile raajakumaaranmaarude deerghakaala padavi nedukayum vajrangal, muthukal, manikyangal enniva upayogichu nirmmicha oru kireedam (allengil ducal thoppi, perittathupole) kaivarikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, thudarnnulla rajakumaranmar ellaayppozhum viyannayil thaamasichirunnathinaal, aadhunika kaalam avarude principality sandarshikkuka polum cheyyaathathuvare, yadhaartha prinsley kireedam orikkalum avide konduvannirikilla, ippol nashtappettu. thante ezhupathaam janmadinathodanubandhichu, swantham rajyath thamasikkunna lictenstainile aadyathe rajaavaaya lictenstainile rajakumaaranaaya france josaf randaamanu, ermine kondu oru natturajyam nalki, yadhaarthathinte oru pakarpp, thante janangalil ninnulla sammaanamaayi, athu naatturaajyatthil pradharshippichirikkunnu. ennaal ithu orikkalum kireedadhaaranatthil upayogikkukayo bharikkunna oru rajakumaran dharikkukayo cheythitilla. naatturaajyangalude kireedamanikalude savisheshathayaaya ithinu "rajakeeya" kamanangal illa, koodaathe rajakeeya bhramanapathatthino kurishino pakaram oru koonayaanu ithinu mukalil.
litwania.
ekadesham 1251 muthal 1263 vare nilaninnirunna oru lithwanian rajyamaayirunnu litwania raajyam. maarppaappayude sammathathode lithwaniayile rajaavaayi kireedamaniyunna aadyathethum ekavumaaya lithwanian rajaavaayirunnu mindaugaas rajaavu. pazhaya prashyakkaar ulppede chuttumulla baltic gothrangale orotta samsthaanamaayi ekeekarikkunnathinulla bhagika vijayakaramaya sramamaayirunnu litwania raajyathinte roopeekaranam. 1253-leeii venalkkaalath mindaugasum bhaarya morta kireedamaniyukayum kulmile bishop henry hydenriche sabhaa chadangukalil adhyakshatha vahikkukayum andreas stitlaand kireedam nalkukayum cheythu. juulai 6 ippol samsthaana dinamaayi aaghoshikkunnu (litwanian walstibes diana); ithu aadhunika lithwaniayile oru audyogika avadhiyaan. kireedadhaaranatthinte krithyamaaya theeyathi ariyilla; eee krithyamaaya theeyathi prakhyaapicha charitrakaaranaaya edwardas gudaavisiyasinte paandithyatthe chilappol chodyam cheyyaarund. kireedadhaaranam nadanna sthalavum anjjaathamaanu.
luxemburg.
luxemberghinte paramadhikaara grand dukeukal orikkalum kireedamaniyappettitla. pakaram, bharanaghadana aavashyappedunna samsthaana bharanaghadanayodu vishwasthatha pularthunnathinaayi raajyathinte bharanathinte thudakkathil paarlamentil nadakkunna oru lalithamaaya chadangil paramaadhikaariye simhaasanasthanaakkunnu.
thudarnnu paramaadhikaari prashasthamaaya cathedralil oru gambheera kurbanayil pankedukkunnu. europile avasaanathe paramadhikaara grand dachiyile bharanaadhikaarikalkk kireedamo mattu raajabharanamo nilavililla.
monaco.
monaco principalitic oru rajabharanavum illa, athinaal athinte bharanadhikariye bhouthikamaayi kireedamaniyikkunnilla. ennirunnaalum, rajakumarano rajakumariyo vishudha nicolas cathedralil oru utsava kurbana ulppedunna oru prathyeka vivaahachadangil pankedukkunnu, thudarnnu puthiya paramadhikaara rajakumaran thante janangalumayi koodikkaazhcha nadathunna oru sweekaranavum.
netherlands.
netherlands orikkalum athinte rajaakkanmaare shaareerikamaayi kireedamaniyikkaan cheythitilla. ennirunnaalum, dutch rajaavu oru "sathyaprathinjaa chadanginum sthaanaarohana chadanginum" vidheyanaakunnu. rajaavu rajakeeya adikaaram etteduthaaludan samsthaana generalinte irusabhakaludeyum pothu samyuktha sammelanathil aamstardaamil sathyaprathinja cheyyukayum udghaadanam cheyyukayum cheiyumennu dutch bharanaghadanayude article 32 parayunnu. thalasthaana nagariyaya aamstardaamile newe kerkkilanu eee aacharam nadakkunnathu. kireedam, oorbu, chenkolu thudangiya rajabharanangal undengilum orikkalum bhouthikamaayi rajaavinu nalkappedunnilla, pakaram avaa vishwaasyatha mesha ennu vilikkunna thalayanakalil sthaapikkunnu. dutch bharanaghadanayude oru pakarpp rajakeeya rajabharanapradesham chuttunnu. mattu rund rajabharanangal-samsthaanathinte vaalum netherlandsinte anki vahikkunna raajyathinte nilavaravum-rund muthirnna sainika udyogasthar vahikkunnu.
chadangil, aachaaraparamaaya vasthram dharicha rajaavu, samsthaana general amgangalude ethirvashathu uyarthiya vediyil thante bhaaryayodoppam samsthaanathinte kaserayil irikkunnu. rund bhagangalaayaanu chadangu nadakkunnathu. aadya bhaagath, rajaavu sathyaprathinja cheiyunnu raajyathinte adisthaana niyamam uyarthippidikkaanum thante adhikaarathilullathellaam upayogichu raajyathe samrakshikkanum addeham aupachaarikamaayi prathijnjayedukkunnu. rajaavu sathyaprathinja cheythathinushesham, samsthaana generalum netherlands raajyathile mattu raajyangalile samsthaanangalum addehathe nikshepikkunnu samsthaana general amgangal rajaavinu adaranjali arppikkunnu. samsthaana generalinte samyuktha sammelanathinte president aadyam oru gauravameriya prakhyapanam nadathukayum samsthaana generalile ellah amgangalum araba, curesavo, sent marten samsthaanangalile amgangalum eee prakhyapanam prathinjja cheiyukayo sthireekarikkukayo cheyyum.
norway.
norwayileyum scandinaviayileyum aadyathe kireedadhaaranam 1163 allengil 1164 ll berganilaanu nadannathu. berjanile kristhyan palli (pazhaya cathedral) haakkon vii raajaavinte keezhil thalasthaanam ooslooyilekku maattunnathuvare norwayile kireedadhaarana sthalamaayi thudarnnu. athinusesham chila kireedadhaaranangal ooslooyil nadannuvenkilum bhooribhaagavum trontheyimile nidaros cathedralilaanu nadannathu.
1397ll norway sweeden denmark kalmar union ennu vilikkappedunna oru raajyathil onnichu ore raajaavine pankittu. eee kaalayalavil 1523ll union pirichuvidunnathuvare moonnu raajyangalilum rajaakkanmaar thudarchayaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettu. eee pirichuvidalinetthudarnna, 1524ll denmaarkkumaayi norway oru yooniyanil praveshichu, athu oduvil 1814 vare nilanilkkunna oru samyojitha samsthaanamaayi parinamichu. eee samayat norwayil kireedadhaaranangalonnum nadannilla. athesamayam, rajaavu kireedadhaaranathinu vidheyanaavukayum pinneedu 1660-ll denmarkil oru abhisheka chadangu nadatthi.
denmark-norway pirichuvittathinetthudar norway swaathanthryam prakhyapikkukayum danish anantharaavakaashiye swantham rajaavaayi thiranjedukkukayum cheythu. sweedish-norwegian yudhathethudarnnu kristhyan frederic eee sthaanam "upekshikkukayum norway sweedante oru unionilekku nirbandhitharaakukayum sweeden raajaavine norwayude rajaavaayi thiranjedukkukayum cheythu. 1814 leeii norwegian bharanaghadana prakaram norwayile raajaavine trontheimil kireedamaniyikkendathundu. 1818ll sweeden, norway ennivayude simhasanangalil praveshicha sesham kaal johann rajaavu pinneedu stockholm, trontime ennividangalil kireedamaniyukayum thudarnnulla raajaakkanmaarkk sweeden, norway ennividangalilum vevvere kireedamaniyukayum cheythu.
1905ll sweeden norway thammilulla vyakthigatha aikyam pirichuvittu. haakkon VII pinneedu norwayude rajaavaayi thiranjedukkappettu. 1906ll nidaros cathedralil avasaanamaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettathu hackon bhaarya moudu raajnjiyumaanu. ithinethudarnnu, kireedadhaaranam aavasyamulla bharanaghadanaa vyavastha 1908ll raddaki. athinusesham, rajaavu kaunsil oof stettu, thudarnnu paarlamentil audyogikamaayi sathyaprathinja cheyyendathundu. 1957ll simhaasanathilekkulla thante praveshanathodanubandhichu oru mathaparamaya chadangu aagrahicha rajaavaaya olaav anchaaman, 'raaja prathishta' ennariyappedunna oru chadangu aarambhichu. 1991ll harrald anchaaman rajaavum raajnjiyaaya sonjayum samaanamaayi prathishtikkappettappol eee "anugraha" aacharam veendum nadannu. kireedadhaarana chadangu munbu nadanna sthalathaanu rund prathishtakalum nadannathu trontheimile nidaros cathedral.
polandu.
1025 muthal polandu athinte bharanaadhikaarikale kireedamaniyikkukayum 1764ll avasaanathe poolish rajaavaaya staanislaav august poniyattovsky sent portugalil kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythathodeyaanu atharathilulla avasana chadangu nadannathu. johns cathedral, varso. mattu kireedadhaaranangal cracovile vaaval cathedralilum posnanilum gneesno cathedralilum nadannu. poolish kireeda aabharanangalil palathum russian rajaavaaya frederic vilyam moonnaaman nashippichuvenkilum chila vasthukkal vaarsoyile deseeya myoosiyathil pradarshippichittundu. kazhinja paramaadhikaariyude shavasamskara theeyathikku kazhiyunnathra aduthu poolish kireedadhaaranangal nadathappettu; pathinaram noottaandil jochim beelsky prakadippicha oru ashayamaayirunnu ithha "osoba umiyera, corona nii umiyera" (rajaavu marikkunnu, kireedam marikkunnilla).
porchugal.
1646-ll, thante kireedadhaaranathinu thottupinnaale, porchugalile jovo naalaaman rajaavum algaarvukalum porchugalinte kireedam kanyaka meriykku samarppikkukayum avale thante raajyathinte raajnjiyum rakshaadhikaariyumaayathaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. eee niyamathinu sesham oru porchugees paramadhikaariyum kireedam dharichirunnilla. 1910ll porchugees rajavaazhcha nirthalaakkappettu.
roman pontificalil paranjirikkunnathupole fraansile rajaakkanmaarude kireedadhaaranatthinum reformationu munbulla englandinum samanamaaya oru maathrkayaanu jovo naalaamante kireedadhaaranam pinthudarnnathu. jovo naalaaman porchugalile rajaakkanmaaraayi munbu undaayirunna habsburg rajaakkanmaarum kireedadhaaranam cheyyapettilla; iberian union samayat, kireedadhaarana chadangu nadathaattha sambradaayam porchugalilekk vyapippichu.
porchugees simhasana habsburgukal ettedukkunnathinu munbu, porchugalile rajaakkanmaar lisbonile jeronimos aashramathil jovo IV-nte kireedadhaaranathinu samanamaaya reethiyil abhishekam cheyyukayum kireedamaniyukayum cheythirunnu. athinusesham porchugees raajaakkanmaarkk prashamsa maathrame labhichittulloo.
russia.
jarmman saamrajyam (1871) sthaapikkunnathinu munbu 1861ll wilhem onnaaman rajaavu prashyayile rajaavaayi kireedamaniyappettu. 1701ll friedrich onnaaman raajaavinte kireedadhaaranathinushesham prashyayil kireedadhaaranam cheiyunna aadya rajaavaayi addeham valia aadambarathode kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettu, ennirunnaalum ganyamaaya ennam raashtreeyakkaar eee ashayathe ethirthu. daivathinte kayyilninnu kireedam sweekarikkukayaanennu paranjukondu wilhem njaan yaagapeedathilninnu swantham kaikalaal kireedam eduthu svayam kireedamaniyichu. eee vaakkukal prussian bharanaghadanaavaadikalkkum liberalukalkkum oru munnariyippayi uddeshichullathaayirunnu.
oordanstaattinte" avasana thalasthaanavum prashyayile dachiyude thalasthaanavumaayirunna conigsburg kottayile palliyilaanu rund kireedadhaaranangalum nadannathu.
1871 muthal 1918 vare prashyayile rajaavu saamraajyathva germmaniyude "kaisar" aayirunnu. oru jarmman samsthaana kireedatthinu oru roopakalppanayum maathrkayum nirmmikkappettuvenkum, anthima kireedamonnum orikkalum nirmikkappettilla, moonnu jarmman chakravartthimaaril aarum orikkalum audyogikamaayi kireedamaniyukayum cheythilla.
romania.
romania raajyam athinte raajavaazhchakkaalath (1881-1947) oru kireedadhaarana chadangu upayogichu. svarnnamo mattethenkilum vilayeriya lohamo allathe urukk kondaanu athinte kireedam nirmmichathu. 1922-ll, roman rajaavaaya ferdinand onnamanum raajnji meriyum puthiya roman pravisyayaaya transylvaniayile oru pradhana nagaramaya alba yooliyayil puthuthayi thuranna "kireedadhaarana cathedralinte" muttathu kireedamaniyappettu. ferdinand svayam kireedamaniyukayum thudarnnu bharya kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythu. kireedadhaarana sevanam roman oorthadoox (bhooripaksha mathavum pinneedu samsthaana sabayum) ennathinekkaal antharvibhaagamaayirunnu, kaaranam ferdinand roman catholicanaayirunnu, athesamayam addehathinte bhaarya akkaalat engleeshukaariyaayirunnu. ferdinandinte makan karol randaaman 1930 septambaril kireedadhaaranam cheyyaan uddeshichirunnuvenkilum bhaarya raajnjiyaaya helanumaayulla vaivaahika budhimuttukal kaaranam magda lupeskuvumaayulla bandham ulppedeyulla padhathikal upekshichu. addehathinte sthaanathyaagam cheytha sesham, addehathinte makan maikkal onnaaman 1940 septambar 6nuu bucharasttile roman purushaadhipathya cathedralil pithrusahodaranaaya nicodum mundenu kireedamaniyukayum abhishekam cheyyukayum cheythu.
russia.
baisantain chakravartthimaarude paarambaryam pinthudarnnu russiayile saar swantham thalayil kireedam sthaapichu. russian sanbradaayathil saamraajyathva shakti daivathil ninnaan nerittu vannathennathil ithu oru samshayavum avasheshippichu. baisantain chakravarthikkuvendiyulla constantinoppil paathriyarkkeesinte praarthanaykku samaanamaayi metropolittan praarthana saamraajyathvathinte aadhipathyam sthireekarichu.
kireedadhaaranathinu eathaanum divasangalkku munbu, saar moscoylake oru ghoshayaathra nadatthi, avide kireedadhaaranangal ellaayppozhum nadannirunnu (thalasthaanam sent. peettezhsburg). ithinethudarnnu, saamraajyathva raajabharanathe cremlin aayudhashaalayil ninnu saarinte cremlin kottaratthilekku konduvannu, avide avar puthiya chakravartthiyude kireedadhaaranatthinte raavile dormation katheedralilekkulla ghoshayaathrayil addehathe anugamikkum. chuvanna poomukhathu aarambhich palliyude vaathilukalil avasaanicha eee ghoshayaathrayil presiding prelate mattu bishappumarum saarineyum bharya vishudhajalam nalki anugrahikkukayum chumbikkan vishudha kurish arppikkukayum cheythu.
saar cathedralil praveshichathinushesham, adhehavum bharya avideyulla prathimakale aaraadhikkukayum cathedralinte madhyathil sthaapicha rund simhasanangalil avarude sthaanam ettedukkukayum cheythu. paramaadhikaari niseen mathathe thante vishwaasa thozhilaayi paarayanam cheythathinushesham, parishudhaathmaavinteyum litaaniyudeyum abhyarthanaykku sesham, chakravarty purple klaamikal ettedukkukayum kireedam addehathinu sammanikkukayum cheythu. metropolittan paarayanam cheyyumbol addeham athu eduthu thalayil thanne vachu
"pithaavinteyum puthranteyum parishudhaathmaavinteyum naamatthil aamen."
metropolittan thaazhepparayunna hraswa vilasam nalkkum
ithinethudarnnu, puthiya saar thante bharya aadyam swantham kireedam (svanthamaayi thirike vaykkunnathinu munbu avalude thalayil thalkshanam sparshichukond), thudarnnu svanthamaayi oru cheria kireedam kondu kireedamaniyichu. kooduthal praarthanakalum littaanikalum vaayikkukayum thudarnnu divya aaraadhanaakramathil vishudha koottaayma sweekarikkunnathinu thottumunbu chakravarty abhishekam cheyyukayum cheythu. rajakeeya vaathilukaliloode (saadhaaranayaayi purohithanmaarkk maathram neekkivachirikkunna) balipeeta pradeshathu praveshikkaanum oru purohitan enna nilayil rund tharatthilum koottaaymayil pankedukkaanum addehathe kshanichu. thudarnnulla praarthanakalum anugrahangalum shushrooshaykku samaapanamundakki, thudarnnu kremlinte kottaaratthil prathyeka virunnu nadannu.
1896ll saar nicolas randaamanteyum chakravarthini alexandrayudeyum kireedhaaranamaayirunnu russiayude avasaanatheth. 1906ll dumayude audyogika udghaadanamaayirunnu mahathaaya saamraajyathva kireedam audyogikamaayi upayogicha avasana sandarbham.
scotland.
skotlandile raajaakkanmaarkk pertthil ninnu eathaanum mile vadakkulla skoon pattanatthile skoon aabiyil kireedadhaaranam nadatthi. 1296 nuu munbu, chadangiludaneelam rajaavu prashasthamaaya skoon kallil irikkukayaayirunnu; ithu aachaarathinte oru pradhana gadakamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. edward onnaaman kallu englandilekku neekkam cheythathinetthudarnnu, kireedadhaaranangal abbiyilo stitlingiloo thudarnnu. brittanile ettavum pazhaya kireeda aabharanangalaaya skotlandinte bahumathikal skotlandil kireedadhaaranam cheytha avasana rajaavaaya chaals randaaman vareyulla ellah kireedadhaarana chadangukalilum upayogichirunnu.
scotish kireedadhaaranatthinte oru savisheshatha "olam rigg" allengil rajakeeya kaviyayirunnu, addeham puthiya raajaavine "beenachd deey rigg alban" allengil "skotlandile raajaavine daivam anugrahikkatte" ennu abhisambodhana cheythu. kavi raajaavinte vamshavali aadyathe skottsmaante aduthekku veendum paarayanam cheythu. scotland polulla gaelic samsaarikkunna samskaarangalil rajakeeya vamshavali paarayanam cheythukondu oru raajaavinte niyamasadhutha sthaapikkunnathu parambaraagathamaayirunnu. scotish bharanaadhikaarikalkk kireedadhaaranam nadatthaan oru nischitha praayathinaayi kaathirikkendivannilla merii onnaaman onpathu maasam praayamullappol kireedamaniyukayum avarude makan jaims araman pathimoonnu maasam praayamullappol kireedamaniyukayum cheythu. meriyude pithaav jaims vii. nuu kireedadhaarana samayat verum pathinezh maasam mathramaayirunnu praayam. 1651ll chaals randaaman raajaavinte kireedhaaranamaayirunnu avasana scotish kireedadhaaranam.
1707-ll englandumaayulla ekeekaranathinushesham, scotish kireedadhaarana chadangu, engleesh achaarathodoppam, britteeshukaarude keezhil layichu.
serbia.
serbiayile aadyathe kireedadhaaranam cheytha rajaavaaya stephaan nemanjic rund thavana kireedamaniyappettu. 1217-ll, oru roman catholica chadangil marpappa ayacha kireedatthode maarppaappayude prathinidhi addehathe kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, stefaanum serbian janathayum kizhakkan yaadhaasthithikaraayirunnathil addeham konstantinoppilinte pathriyarkkeesinodu abhyarthichu. pathriarchese stephaante sahodaran savaye aarch bishop padaviyilekku uyarthukayum 1222ll saava thanne nadatthiya stephaante randaamathe kireedadhaaranathinu amgeekaaram nalkukayum cheythu. addehathinte pingaamikal sikka aashramathil kireedadhaaranam cheyyappedukayum cheythu. konstantinoppilinte pathriarchese oru balcan raajyathinte bharanaadhikaariykk saamraajyapadavi nalkillennu ariyaamaayirunnathinaal bulgariayileyum serbiayileyum pathriyarkkeesukal stephaan dussan thanne chakravarthiyaayi kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kireedadhaarana chadangu baisaantain kireedadhaaranatthinte vipulamaaya prathiroopamaayirunnu.
1904ll belgradile vishudha pradhaanadhoothanmaarude cathedralil nadanna oru yaadhaasthithika kristhyan chadangil peettar onnaaman rajaavu kireedamaniyumbozhaanu serbiayude avasana kireedadhaaranam nadannathu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham serbia yougoslaviayude bhaagamaayi maariyengilum peettar randaam kireedadhaaranam nadathaathirikkukayum addehathinte rund pingamikalaaya alexander, peettar randaaman ennivare kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythu.
cicilyum naples.
jurisconsult tancredes report cheythathupole, thudakkathil naalu rajaakkanmaar maathrame kireedamaniyukayum abhishekam cheyyappedukayum cheythirunnulloo, avar jarusalem, france, englandu, sisili ennividangalile rajaakkanmaaraayirunnu. kireedadhaaranam parambaraagathamaayi nadannirunnathu palermo cathedralilaanu; pinneedu raajyam vibhajikkappettathode rund kireedadhaaranangal nadannu, onnu palermoyilum mattonn naplesilum. naples raajaavine kireedamaniyikkaan arhatayullah eaka vyakthi maarppaappayaayirunnu.
sisiliyile rajaakkanmaarudeyum raajnjimaarudeyum krithyamaaya kireedadhaarana achaarangal tharkkathilaanu. sii yude oru casino kaiyezhuthuprathi anusarichu. 1200ll sisiliyile rajaakkanmaarude kireedadhaaranam oru jarmman maathrkaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu, ennirunnaalum sisilian paarambaryavumaayi poruthappedunnathinu vyathiyanangal varuthi.
kireedadhaarana chadangil niravadhi bhagangal ulppeduthi. aadyam, puthiya rajavinodu sabhayude rakshakan thante raajyathinte neethipoorvakanaaya bharanadhikaariyum aakaan aagrahikkunnuvo ennu chodichu. athinusesham, kireedadhaaranam nadathenda vyakthikk keezhadangan aagrahikkunnundo ennu janangalodu chodichu. rajaavineyo raajnjiyeyo avarude kaikalilum thalayilum nenjilum rund tholukalilum abhishekam cheythu. thudarnnu rajaavinu vaal kettukayum "aarmilakal", "palium", mothiram enniva nalkukayum cheythu. avarude valathukaiyil chenkolum idathukaiyil bhramanapathavum sthaapichu. oduvil, presiding aarch bishop raajaavinte thalayil kireedam sthaapichu.
spain.
kaasttilile isabella onnaaman (1474), aragonile ferdinand onnaaman (1414), navaareyile catherine ennivar avarude bharthaav navaareyile joonn moonnaamanodoppam (1494) kireedamaniyunnathu muthal speyinile oru rajaavum anganeyalla. paireenikalkkappurathu naware bharichirunnuvenkilum 1555 vare navaareyile joonn moonnaaman kireedamaniyappettu. pakaram, puthiya rajaavu courtessil prathyakshappedunnu, avide avan allengil aval bharanaghadana uyarthippidikkunnathini aupachaarikamaayi prathijnjayedukkunnu. chadangil kireedam prathyakshappedunnunde athu orikkalum yadhaarthathil raajaavinte thalayil sthaapichittilla. charitraparamaaya kaastiliyan kireedadhaaranangal toledoyilo madridile sent jerom palliyilo nadannu, toledoyile aarch bishop raajaavine abhishekam cheythu. rajaavu thante abhishekam sweekarichathinushesham rajakeeya vaal, chenkolu, swarnna kireedam, swarnna apple enniva etteduthu. taragonayile aarch bishappaan saragosa aragonese kireedadhaaranam nadathiyathu.
courtus sandarshichu anchu divasathinu sesham, juvan carlos onnaaman rajaavu madridile saan jeronimo ell riyal palliyil oru "simhaasanaarohana kurbanayil" pankedutthu. bhaarya sofiyaykkoppam, uyarnna balipeetathinu sameepam sthaapichirikkunna oru koottam simhaasanangalilekku addehathe oru melappinadiyil kondupoyi. shushrooshaykku sesham rajaavum raajnjiyum kottaratthilekku madangukayum avide avar balkaniyil ninnu janangale abhivaadyam cheyyukayum sainikare avalokanam cheyyukayum aupachaarika virunnil pankedukkukayum cheythu.
sweeden.
pathimoonnaam noottaandilum pathinalam noottaandilum sweedish rajaakkanmaar vividha nagarangalil kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettu, ennaal pathinanjaam noottaandinte madhyam muthal 1800 ll norcopingil nadanna gustav naalaaman adolphinte kireedadhaaranam ozhike, upsala cathedralilo stockhomile storkirkkanilo aayirunnu. muun kireedadhaaranangal sweedante sabhaa kendramaaya upsala nadannirunnu. sweeden paarambarya raajavaazhchayilekk maarunnathin munbu, kireedadhaarana chadangukalude shradha oru thiranjedukkappetta raajaavine niyamavidheyamaakkunnathilaayinu.
pathonpathaam noottaandile sweedish rajaakkanmaarude kireedadhaaranangal 1873-ll ooskaar randaamante kireedadhaarana velayil avasaanamaayi upayogicha oru aachaarathe pinthudarnnu
rajaavum raajnjiyum vyathyastha ghoshayaathrakalilaayi cathedralilekku pooyi. sweeden palliyile ettavum uyarnna purohithanaaya upsala aarch bishop avarude koppukalile mattu bishappukalodoppam raajaavine munportalil kandumutty. aarch bishop raajaavine abhivaadyam cheythu "karthaavinte naamatthil varunnavan anugrahikkappette", athesamayam scara bishop rajaavinu thante janangale nannayi bharikkanulla krupa labhikkanamenn praarthichu. aarch bishop bishappumarum raajaavine gaayakasamghathinte valathuvashathulla thante seettilekku kondupoyi, valathuvashath rajakeeya nilavaravum idathuvashathu seraafimukalude kramatthinte banner undaayirunnu.
strangnassile bishop bakkiyulla bishappumarum raajnjiyude sameepanam kaathirunnu; aval athiyappol strangnassile bishop avale abhivaadyam cheythu "karthaavinte peril varunnaval bhagyavathiyaanu", athesamayam harnosandinte bishop rajaavinaayi munbu paranjathinu samanamaaya oru praarthana paranju. thudarnnu strangnass bishop mattu bishappumarum raajnjiye gaayakasamghathinte idathuvashathulla avarude seettilekku kondupoyi, avide rajaavum raajnjiyum kurachu nimishangal swakaarya praarthana nadatthi, rajabharanam balipeetathil nikshepichu.
sweedish uyarnna kurbanayude saadhaarana thudakkamaaya "vishudha, vishudha, vishudha, saabothinte daivamaaya karthaav" enna gaanatthiloode aarch bishop sevanam aarambhichu. scara bishop balipeetathinu munnil vishwaasam paarayanam cheyyukayum "varoo, parishudhaathmaave, varoo" enna sthuthigeethavum alapikkukayum cheythu. litaaniyum thudarnnu oru gaanavum aalapichu, eee samayat rajaavu balipeetathinu munnilulla oru vediyil rajakeeya nilavaaram valathuvasathum seraafimukalude kramatthinte pathaaka idathuvashathum vahichirunnu. ithine thudarnnu rajapadavi munnott konduvannu. raajaavinte vasthravum kireedaavakaashiyude kireedavum neekkam cheyth balipeetathil sthaapikkukayum, muttukutthi raajaavine oru samsthaana mantri rajakeeya vasthrathil nikshipthamaakkukayum, aarch bishop vishudhante suvisheshathinte aadya adhyayam vaayikkukayum cheythu. joonn. neethimantri rajaavinu bybilil moonnu viralukal vekkumbol edutha prathinjja paarayanam cheythu.
ithinethudarnnu, aarch bishop raajaavine nettiyilum nenjilum kshethrangalilum kaithandayilum abhishekam cheythu "sarvashakthanaaya nithyadaivamaaya thante parishudhaathmaavine ningalude aathmaavilekkum manassinilekkum padhathikalilum samrambhangalilum pakarum, aarude daanathaal ningal bhoomiyum raajyavum bharikkukayum daivathinte bahumaanathinum mahatwatinum vendi punarnirmmikkukayum neethiyum samathvavum nilanirthukayum raajyathinteyum janathinteyum nanmaykkaayi nilakollukayum cheyyatte."rajaavu ezhunnettu thante simhaasanathil irippidam punaraarambhichu, avide aarch bishop neethinyaaya mantriyum addehathe kireedamaniyikkukayum raajaavinte bharanam nallathum samridhavumaayirikkanamenna aarch bishop orungiya praarthana praarthikkukayum cheythu. thudarnnu aarch bishop videshakaarya mantriyum rajaavinu chenkolu nalki, athesamayam kaundu haamilttan addehathinu bhramanapatham nalki, aarch bishop eee rund sambhavangalkkumayi praarthanakal nadatthi. thudarnnu nordinile mejar general oru thacol rajaavinu kaimari, aarch bishop thaazhepparayunna praarthanayil paranjathupole "thante daivika paripaalanatthil ninnu ningale eee rajakeeya anthassilekku uyarthiya sarvashakthanaaya daivame, ningalude janangalkk jnjaanathinteyum sathyathinteyum nidhikal thurakkaan ningale anuvadikkuka, ningalude raajyathil ninnu thettukal, thinmakal, alasata enniva poottukayum kadinadhwana samriddhiyum kashtappadukalkkum durithamanubhavikkunnavarkum aashvaasavum aashvaasavum nalkukayum cheyyuka."
rajaavu thante adikaaram sariyaayum neethiyaayum upayogikkanamenna praarthana aarch bishop paranjappol choodillaattha kireedadhaarana vaal raajaavinte kaiyil vaykkappettu. aarch bishop balipeetathilekku madangi. rajaavu thante simhaasanathil irikkukayum, kireedadhaaranam cheyyukayum, valathukaiyil chenkolum idathuvashathu bhramanapathavum vahikkukayum cheythukondu, simhaasanathin pinnil nilkkunna rashtrapravaachakan ippol nilavilichu "ippol (peru) sweeden, goth, vends ennee raajyangalude rajaavaayi kireedadhaaranam cheyyappettirikkunnu. avanum mattaarum illa."thudarnnu oru sthuthigeethavum alapikkukayum thudarnnu aarch bishop oru praarthana nadathukayum rajaavinu nalkukayum cheiyunnathu thante anugrahamaanu.
randaamathe gaanam aalapichappol, raajnji gaayakasamghathile thante irippidam upekshichu balipeetathinu munnilulla vediyil thante simhaasanathilekku neengi. aval muttukutthi, avalude rajakeeya kavachathil nikshepichu, aarch bishop avalude nettiyilum kaithandayilum abhishekam cheyyukayum aarch bishop kireedamaniyikkukayum cheythu. simhaasanathil irikkumbol, aduthathaayi rajaavinu upayogikkunna roopangal upayogicha aarch bishop, raajnikku uchithamayi anuyojyamaaya avalude chenkolum bhramanapathavum nikshepichu. thudarnnu samsthaana ghoshakan, avalude simhaasanathin pinnil nilkkukayum avalude raajnjiye prakhyapikkukayum gaayakasangham "raajnikku samriddhi" paadukayum thudarnnu oru sthuthigeethavum alapikkukayum cheythu. aarch bishop aduthathaayi rajaavinaayi paranjathinu samanamaaya oru praarthana nadathukayum raajnjiye anugrahikkukayum cheythu.
ippol adaranjali arppikkapettu, thudarnnu ghoshayaathra cathedralil ninnu gaanam aalapikkumbol, "ippol namukkellavarkkum nandi".
1873ll ooskaar randaamante kireedadhaaranatthinaayi eee aacharam avasaanamaayi upayogichu; kireedadhaaranatthe thadayunna niyamamo bharanaghadanaa vyavasthayo illengilum sweedante thudarnnulla rajaakkanmaar kireedadhaaranam vendennu thiranjedutthu. nilavile rajaavaaya kaal pathinaar gustaf, manthrisabhayude oru yogathil annathe aavashyamaaya rajaavaaya urappu (sweedisha konungforskran) sweekarikkukayum pinneedu 1973 septambar 19 nuu stockhomile raajakottaarathinte simhasanamuriyil oru lalithamaaya chadangil simhaasanasthanaakkappedayum cheythu. kireeda aabharanangal raajakottaarathinte valathuvasathum idathuvashathumulla thalayanakalil pradharshippichirunnu, pakshe orikkalum rajaavinu nalkapettilla. kaal gustaf oru praveshana prasangam nadatthi, athil samrambhathinte pradhana uddeshyam ulppedunnu.
yunaittad kingdom.
europile kireedadhaaranam ippozhum anushttikkunna eaka rajyamaanu yunaittad kingdom. matellaa raajyangalum onnukil republicukalaayi maariyittund, orikkalum kireedadhaaranam nadathiyittilla, allengil kireedadhaaranathinu pakaram oru udghaadanamo simhaasanaarohana chadango nadatthi.
britiish raajaavinte kireedadhaaranam westminstar aabiyilaan nadakkunnathu. ithu oru rajakeeya savisheshathayaanu (rajaavinu nerittu keezhilulla oru palli). rajaavo rajnjiyo avarude bharyayo ghoshayaatrayaayi madatthil praveshikkukayum kaantarbariyile aarch bishop kettidatthinte kizhakk, thekk, padinjaaru, vadakku bhaagangalilekku pookumbool, sannihitharayavar avarude puthiya paramaadhikaariye aadarikkaan thayyarano ennu chodichu oru "estettu cheyaril" irikkukayum cheiyunnu. pankedutthavar anukoolamaayi prathikarichukazhinjaal, aarch bishop kireedadhaarana prathinjja nirvahikkukayum aarch bishop (englandile sabhaye prathinidheekarikkunna) 1953 muthal skotlandile sabhayude pothusabhayude moderatorum oru baibil avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu. ithu cheythukazhinjaal, yadhaartha kireedadhaaranam nadakkaam.
purathana vishudhamandirathilaanu rajaavu irikkunnathu. scotish kallu ulppedunna edwardinte kasera, allengil kireedadhaarana kasera, nilavil eddinberg kottayil sookshichirikkunnu. paramaadhikaariyude thalaykku mukalil oru melaappullappol aarch bishop avante allengil avalude kaikal, nench, thala ennivayil vishudha enna puratti oru prathyeka anugrahathode avasaanippikkunnu. spurse raajyathinte vaalum avatharippikkunnu, thudarnnu paramaadhikaariyude bhramanapatham (athu udan thanne balipeetathilekku thirike nalkunnu), praav ulla chenkolum kurisulla chenkolum. ithu cheythukazhinjaal, kaantarbariyile aarch bishop sent. raajaavinte thalayil eddu ward. oru raajnji bhaarya undengil, taamasiyaathe samanamaaya, ennaal hraswavum lalithavumaaya oru chadangil avale kireedamaniyikkunnu. 
athinusesham, paramaadhikaari simhaasanathil irikkukayum britiish purohithanmaarileyum prabhukkanmarileyum vividha amgangalil ninnu adaranjali sweekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. paramaadhikaariykk vishudha koottaayma nalkappedunnu, avar pinneedu sent. eddu vaardinte chaappal teey diyam aalapikkunnu, avide avan allengil aval sent kaimaattam cheiyunnu. bharam kuranja saamraajyathva raajya kireedatthinaayulla edwardinte kireedam, kireedam dharichu madatthil ninnu purathukadakkukayum "raajaavine (allengil raajnjiye) samrakshikkunna daivam" enna peril chenkolu chumannu kurish bhramanapathavum vahikkukayum cheiyunnu.
1953ll nadanna chadangu, elisabath randaamane avarude rajaavaayi amgeekarikkunna komanveltthinakatthe raajyangalude kireedadhaarana chadangaayum pravarthichu, bharanaghadanaa prathinjayude paatam, akkaalat nilaninnirunna ezhu vyathyastha komanvelthu rajyangal, mattu pradeshangalekkurichulla oru pothu prasthavana ennivayulppede.
britiish simhaasanathinte anantharaavakaashikal parambaraagathamaayi kaivasham vachirunna weils rajakumaran, eee padavi kaivasham vaykkaan atharam oru aacharam aavashyamillengilum, weils raajakumaarante nikshepam ennariyappedunna svanthamaayi oru chadangiloode kadannupoyekkaam. chadangu nadakkumbol, veyilsilo englandiloo (ettavum puthiya nikshepangal veyilsile kernaarvon kottayilaanu nadannathu) nadakkaam, koodaathe raajakumaarante thalayil oru kireedamaniyum ulppedunnu.
vaattikkan.
1305 muthal 1963 vare sent poppil nadanna oru kireedadhaarana chadangil poppukalkku maarppaappayude thalappavu nalki kireedamaniyikkappettu. romile peettezhs basilica. avasaanathe kireedadhaaranam cheytha maarppaappayaaya pooll VI, thaazhmayude pratheekamaayi basilikkayude uyarnna balipeetathil maarppaappayude thalappavu sthaapikkaanulla theerumaanathetthudarnnu, adutha naalu maarppappamaar athu dharikkan visammathikkukayum aupachaarika kireedadhaaranathinupakaram maarppaappayude udghaadana chadangu aarambikkukayum cheythu. joonn pooll onnaaman, joonn pooll randaaman (portable simhasanamaaya "sedia gestottiya" yude upayogam poornnamaayum upekshicha), benedict pathinaraman francis kireedadhaaranathinu pakaram oru udghaadanam thiranjedutthappol, bhaaviyile eathoru maarppaappaykkum sidhaanthathil kireedadhaarana chadangu thiranjedukkaam.
kurippukal.
eee vibhaagathil lekhanathinte pradhana vaachakathekkurichulla vipuleekaranangalum wikipedia maanadandangal paalikkaatha sandarbhathinaayi nalkia linkukalum adangiyirikkunnu.

