indiayile parvatha railway

indiayile parvathapradeshangalil nirmmicha railway lainukalaanu indiayile parvatha railway. eee padatthil pradhaanamaayum eee pradeshangalile idungiya gej, meter gej railway enniva ulppedunnu, ennaal chila broad gej reyilvekalum ulppedaam.
dargeling himalayan railway, nilgiri moundan railway, kalkka-shimla railway ennee moonnu lineukal yuneskoyude loka paithruka sthalamaayi "moundan railway oof india" enna peril namakaranam cheyyappettittund. maatheran hill railway, kangra vaali railway ennee rund sthalangal koodi yuneskoyude loka paithruka sthalangalude thaalkkaalika pattikayil ulppeduthiyittundu. indiayile eaka raakk aandu piniyan railway koodiyaanu nilgiri moundan railway.
jammu-baramullah paatha, chottaa chaar dhaam railway thudangiya parvatha railway nilavil nirmmaana ghattathilaanu, mattullava srinagar-leh paatha, bhanupli-leh paatha thudangiya aasoothrana ghattathilaanu. sameepakaalath nirmmicha ellah parvatha reyilvekalum broad gej upayogikkunnu.
loka paithruka sthalangal.
moonnu reyilvekalaaya darjeeling himalayan railway (darjeeling himalayan railway), nilgiri moundan railway (neelagiri moundan railway), kalkka-shimla railway (shivalik hill railway) enniva yuneskoyude loka paithruka sthalamaayi moundan railway oof india enna peril namakaranam cheyyappettittund. matheran hill railway (matheran hill railway) kangra vaali railway (kangada vaali railway) yuneskoyude loka paithruka sthalangalude thaalkkaalika pattikayil ulppedunnu.
indiayile parvatha railway loka paithruka sthalamaayi unesco prakhyaapichathinte adisthaanam "parukkan, parvathapradeshangaliloode phalapradamaaya railway link sthaapikkunnathinulla prashnathinulla dheeravum samarthavumaaya enchiniyaring parihaarangalude mikacha mikacha unesco 2005ll nilgiri moundan railway chernnu dargeling himalayan railwake eee bahumati labhichu. 2008ll kalkka-shimla railwake eee padavi labhichu. eshya-pasaphik mekhalaykkullil yuneskoyude loka paithruka saitt maanadandangal II, IV enniva prakaram moonnu rutukalkkum orumichu moundan railway oof india ennu perittu. naalaamathe parvathapathayaaya maatheran hill railway naamanirddesham cheyyappedukayum anthaaraashtra samghadanayude amgeekaaram labhikkathe varikayum cheythu.
darjeeling himalayan railway.
siliguri darjeelingin bandhippikkunna oru idungiya gej railwayaanu "toy train" enna vilipperulla darjeeling himalayan railway. randaamathethu oru pradhana venalkkaala hill steshanum paschima bangaalil sthithicheyyunna thazhachuvalarunna theyila valarunna jillayude kendravumaanu. indian railwayaanu eee paatha nadathunnathu.siliguriyil ninnu aarambhich ekadesham daarjilingil vare uyarathil athunnu. ettavum uyaram koodiya sthalam ghum steshanaanu.
railway paathayude thudakkamaaya siliguri pattanam 1878 ll railway vazhi kalkattayumaayi (ippol kolkkatha) bandhippikkappettappol daarjilingilekkulla adhika yaathraykk podipaathayiloode tongakal (kuthiravandi vandikal) upayogikkendathundu.
sarr ashley eedan niyogicha oru kammittiyude shupaarshakalude adisthaanathil, 1879ll aarambhicha eee paathayude punny 1881 joolaiyode poortthiyaayi. varshangalayi athinte pravarthanakshamatha vardhippikkunnathinaayi athinte gradiantukal kooduthal kramaanugathamaakkunnath polulla niravadhi mechappeduthalukalkku line vidheyamaayi. aii. dii. 1 aayappozhekkum darjeeling himalayan railway prathivarsham ekadesham 174,000 yaathrakkaarum 47,000 tonn charakkukalum vahichirunnu.
variyil ulppeduthiyittulla pradhana savisheshathakalil naalu looppukal (sarppilukal), naalu 'isad' reversukal (sigsagukal) enniva ulppedunnu. munbu pinthunaykkum sthirathaykkum upayogichirunna adisthaana naalu chakra vandikal maattisthaapikkaan boggy vandikalude aamukham anuvadichu. 1897-ll undaaya oru valia bhookambam railway nasippikkukayum trackilum steshanukalilum vipulamaaya mechappeduthalukal ulppede root punarnirmmikkendathundu cheythu. vadakkukizhakkan athirthi railway soninte bhaagamaayi kooduthal aadunikavalkkaranam nadannu. eee roottile mikka trainukalum ippozhum neeravi enchinukalaanu upayogikkunnathu, ennaal dargeling meyil traininayi oru aadhunika deesal enchin upayogikkunnu. pradhana soukaryapradamaaya sthalangalil sthithicheyyunna adayaalangalkku railway sradheyamaanu, ithu vedana pooyint, sensation corner thudangiya thalakkettukalulla sthalangal adayaalappeduthunnu. thaazheyulla thaazhvarakalude manoharamaaya kazhchakal nalkunna kuthaneyulla kunnukalile vrithaakruthiyilullathaanu mattoru savisheshatha.
1999ll unesco aadyamaayi amgeekarikkukayum loka paithruka pattikayil ulppeduthukayum cheythath dargeling lainaan. eee roottil neeravi locomotteevukal upayogikkunnathu thudarumenna vyavasthayaanu pattikayil ulppeduthiyirunnathu.
nilgiri parvatha railway.
meter gej single line railwayaanu nilgiri moundan railway. ithu mettuppalayam pattanatthe udagamandalam (oottakkamundu) hill steshanumaayi bandhippikkunnu. dakshinenthyayile neela parvathangal ennariyappedunna nilgiri kunnukaliloode kadannupokunna eee paatha thamizhnaad samsthaanathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. indiayile eaka raakk railwayaanu nilgiri, ithu oru eiii. bii. tii raakk samvidaanam upayogikkunnu. eiii. bii. tii samvidaanathinu prathyeka neeravi lokkomotteevukalude upayogam aavasyamaanu. eee pathayil 208 valavukalum 16 thurankangalum 250 paalangalum undu, ithu vazhiyil mukalilekkulla yaathraykk ekadesham 290 minitt (4.8 manikkoor) edukkum, athesamayam thaazhekkulla yaathraykk 215 minitt (3.6 manikkoor) edukkum.
thudakkathil, kunnoor pattanamaayirunnu eee paathayile avasana steshan, ennaal 1908 septambaril ithu fernhill vare vyaapippikkukayum 1908 october 15-oode udagmandalam vare vyaapippikkukayum cheythu. 1886 muthal gilford lindsey mollsworth oru reportil eee samvidaanathe vivarichu
ippozhum poornnamaayum pravarthanakshamamaaya eee paathayude savisheshatha, athinte ettavum pazhakkameriyathum kuthaneyullathumaaya track raakk, piniyan saankethikavidya upayogikkunnu ennathaanu. nilavil, raakk reyil bhagam aarambikkunna kallarinte thaazhvaara steshan vare eee paatha oodunnu. raakk reyil bhagam kunnoor railway steshanil avasaanikkunnu. eee vibhaagathile ettavum neelam koodiya thurankam alakkunnu. roottinu kunnoor vare 1:12.5 gradiantum avasana steshanilekkulla koonoorinusesham trackinu 1:23 gradiantum undu.
2005 joolaiyil nilgiri parvatha railway yuneskoyude loka paithruka sthalamaayi prakhyaapichu.
kalkka-shimla railway.
kalkka-shimla railway kalkkaykkum shimlak idayilaanu oodunnathu. railwake neelavum gej idungiyathum aanu. himachal pradeshinte aadhunika thalasthaanamaaya shimla himaalayangalude thaazhvarayil ninnu oru uyarathilaanu. 1864ll britiish indiayude venalkkaala thalasthaanamaayi marria ithu indiayile britiish sainyathinte aasthaanamaayum pravarthichu.
reyilveyude nirmmaanam vare, shimlayilekkulla eaka praveshanam grama cartway vazhiyaayirunnu. 1898ll sivalik kunnukalil aarambhicha dalhi-ambala-kalkka railway kambaniyaanu railway line nirmmichathu, 1903ll poortthiyaayi.
kalkka-shimla reyilveyil 103 thurankangalum 864 paalangalumund. pala paalangalum purathana roman jalasambharanikale anusmarippikkunna onniladhikam kamaanangalullavayaan, koodaathe oru paalam, plate gurderukalum steel trasukalum upayogichaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. athinte bharanaparamaya gradient 1:33 allengil 3 sathamaanamaanu, athil 919 vakrangalundu, ettavum moorchayullathu 48 digri (oru aaram) aanu. shimla ettavum uyarnna pradeshathekku trackukal kayarunnu. eee paathayile ettavum neelam koodiya thurankam (no.33) aanu, ithu dagshaayiyeyum solane bandhippikkunna neelamullathaanu. taksal, gamman, dharmapur ennividangalile looppukal paranna gradiantukal nedaan sahayikkunnu.
kalkka-shimla railway 2008ll nilgiri, darjeeling lainukalil loka paithruka sthalamaayi chernnu.
loka paithruka sthalangal-thaalkkaalika pattika.
maatheran hill railway.
pashchimaghattatthil neralinum matheran idayil oru dooram sanjarikkunna oru idungiya gej railwayaanu maatheran hill railway.
abdul peerbhoy nayicha ithinte nirmmaanathinu adamji groupile pithaav sarr adamji peerbhoy dhanasahayam nalki. 1904ll nirmmaanam aarambhich 1907ll poortthiyaakkiya 1900ll roopakalppana cheytha eee paatha 30 poundu/vaidi reyilukal upayogichaanu nirmmichathu, ennaal pinneedu 42 poundu/vaidi reyilukalaayi naveekarichu. naveekarichu vare, mazhakkaalathu (mannidichilinte vardhichuvarunna apakadasaadhyatha kaaranam) railway adachirunnuvenkilum ippol varsham muzhuvanum thurannirikkunnu. central railwayaanu ithu niyanthrikkunnath.
eee variyude savisheshatha athinte kuthirakkallinte karakalaanu. roottinte sradheyamaaya savisheshathakalil aadyathethu neraal steshan; herdell hill sekshan; kuthaneyulla grade bhekra khudh; vann kiss tunnel (roottile oreyoru thurankam, thurankam oraalude pankaaliyumaayi chumbikkan mathiyaya neelamullathinaal athinte vilipperu nedi); pravarthanatthillaathu oru vaattar pipe steshan; rund moorchayulla sigsagukal ulkkollunna parvatha berry; panorama pooyint; oduvil, maatheran basaarile roottinte avasaanam. athinte bharana gradient 1:20 (5 sathamaanam) aanu, athinte irukiya valavukalkku vegatha paridhi aavasyamaanu.
kangra vaali railway.
himalayan upamekhalayile prakrithikkum purathana hindu shethrangalkkum peruketta pradeshamaaya pathaankottinum joginder nagarin edayilulla dooram sanjarikkunna idungiya gej railwayaanu kangra vaali railway. eee paathayile ettavum uyaram koodiya sthalam ahju steshanilum joginder nagarile terminus ivideyumaanu.
vadakkan reyilveyude bhagamaaya eee paatha 1926 meyy maasathil aasoothranam cheyyukayum 1929 ll kammeeshan cheyyukayum cheythu. eee pathayil 971 savisheshamaayi roopakalppana cheytha paalangalum rund thurankangalumundu. reond nalak mukalilulla steel kamana paalavum banganga nadikku mukalilulla garder paalavumaan rund pradhana paala nirmmithikal. variyude gradient pothuve soumyamaanengilum, kuthaneyulla charivukalulla nirnayakamaaya vyaapthi 1:19 charivukalum 1:31 muthal 1:25 vareyulla charivukalumulla eee bhagathaanu. baijnathinum jogindernagar edayilulla terminus stretchinu 1:25 charivundu.
mattu railway.
jammu-baramullah line.
jammu-kashmeer samsthaanangale raajyathinte mattu bhagangalumaayi bandhippikkunnathinaayi indiayil nirmmikkunna oru railway paathayaan jammu-baramullah line. jammuvil ninnu aarambhich baramullayilekku railway pookum.
pradhana bhookambamekhalakal kadakkunna eee paatha kadutha thanupinum choodinum, athupole thanne abhayaarthikalillaatha bhoopradeshathinum vidheyamaan, ithu oru velluvili niranja enchiniyaring padhathiyaakkunnu. 2002ll deseeya padhathiyaayi prakhyaapichathumuthal railway line nirmmaanathilaanu. samsthaanathinte shaityakaala thalasthaanamaaya jammuvine venalkkaala thalasthaanamaaya sreenagarumaayi baramullah vare ithu bandhippikkum. jammu muthal kathra vareyulla railway line nirmmichittundu, kathrayil ninnu banihal vareyulla paatha 2020 oode poortthiyaayekkum.
nirddishta railway.
srinagar steshanil ninnu cargill taunn vazhi leh vare indian railway pravarthippikkunnathinu nirddishta railway paathayaan srinagar-leh line. 2013 februvari februvari eee line oru deseeya padhathiyaayi prakhyapikkappettu.
panchaabile bhanupli indiayile ladak mekhalayile leyumaayi bandhippikkaan padhathiyittirikkunna nirddishta railway paathayaan bhanupli-leh line. chainayude nilavile kinkhaay-tibatt railway record marikadannu bhanupli-leh paatha poortthiyaakumbol lokathile ettavum uyaram koodiya railway trackayi maarumennu prathekshikkunnu.
chottaa chaar dhaam railwake rund vyathyastha vaii-aakruthiyilulla railway undu, athil vyakthigatha reyil lineukal ulppedunnu doiwala-deradoon-utharkashi-maneri gangotri railway, oru root; utharkashi-palar yamunotri railway, mukalilulla gangotri reyilveyil ninnu utharkaashiyil "vaii" fork kanakshanulla root; karnaprayag-saikot-sonprayag kedarnath railway, oru root; koodaathe saikot-joshimat badarinath railway, mukalil kedarnath reyilveyil ninnu saikottil "vaii" fork kanakshanulla oru root. nilavilulla rishikesh railway steshanil ninnu melpparanja samvidaanathile karnaprayaagilekkulla puthiya railway link vipuleekaranamaanu nirmmaanathilirikkunna rishikesh-karnaprayag railway.
paschima bangaalile sevok pattanangaleyum sikkimile rangpo pattanangaleyum bandhippikkunnathinum sikkimine indian railway shringalayumaayi bandhippikkunnathinum aasoothranam cheythirikkunna oru nirddishta railway paathayaan sivok-rangpo line. bhaviyil ithu gangtokkilekkum india-chaina athirthiyilekkum vyaapippikkaan padhathiyundu.

