
munvashathe buzz

1990kalilum 2000kalilum intal-chipp adisthaanamaakkiyulla computerukalil palappozhum upayogichirunna oru computer communication interface (buzz) aanu frond-side buzz (efsb). malsarikkunna eiii. emm. dii sipasinum iii. vii. 6 buzz ithe pravartthanam nalki. iva randum saadhaaranayaayi central prosessing unitinum (cpu) north bridge ennariyappedunna memory kantrolar habbin idayil daatta vahikkunnu.
nadappaakkaline aashrayich, chila computerukalil sipiyuvine kaasheyumaayi bandhippikkunna oru pinvashatthe basum undayirikkaam. eee basum athumaayi bandhippichirikkunna kash frond side buzz vazhi sisttam memory (allengil raam) axus cheiyunnathinekkaal vegathayullathaanu. oru computerinte prakadanatthinte oru pradhana alavukolaayaan frond side basinte vegatha palappozhum upayogikkunnathu.
yadhaartha frond-side buzz architecturinu pakaram aadhunika vooliyam sipasil hyper transport, intal kwick paathu interconnect allengil direct media interface enniva upayogichu.
charithram.
1990kalil pentiyam proo, pentiyam II uthppannangal prakhyaapicha samayathaan intal korppareshan eee padam upayogichathu.
"pinvashathu buzz kaashe (mattu cpu) bandhippikkunnathin pakaram, prosessoril ninnu computer sisttathinte backie bhaagangalilekkulla baahya interfaceine "frond side" soochippikkunnu.
computerumaayi bandhapetta madarbordukalilaanu (pezhsanal computerukalum serverukalum ulppede) frond side buzz (efsb) kooduthalum upayogikkunnathu. ulchertha sisttangalilo samanamaaya cheria computerukalilo avaa apoorvamaayi maathrame upayogikkaarulloo. muun pathittaandukalile single sisttam buzz designukale apekshichu efsb design oru prakadana mechappeduthalaayirunne eee frond side basukale chilappol "sisttam buzz" ennu vilikkunnu.
frond side basukal saadhaaranayaayi cpuvineyum bakkiyulla hardwarein oru chipsett vazhi bandhippikkunnu, ithu intelligence oru north bridja southu bridja nadappilaakki. peripheral komponant interconnect (pii. sii. aii), accelered graphics portt (eiii. jii. pii), memory basukal thudangiya mattu basukalellaam connectucheytha upakaranagalkkidayil daatta ozhukunnathinaayi chipsettumaayi bandhippikkunnu. eee secondary sisttam basukal saadhaaranayaayi frond side buzz klokkil ninnu uruthirinja vegathayilaanu oodunnathu, pakshe avaa athumaayi samanvayippikkanamennilla.
amdyude torrenza samrambhathin marupadiyaayi, intal athinte efsb cpu sokkatt moonnaam kakshi upakaranangalilekku thurannu.
2007 leeii vasanthakaalath beijingile intal developer foratthil nadatthiya eee prakhyaapanathinu munbu, effsbyilekku praveshanam ullavare intal valare sookshumamaayi kaaval nirtthiyirunnu, cpu sokkattil intal prosessorukale maathrame anuvadichirunnulloo. aadyathe udaaharanam feeld-prograamabil gettu array (fpga) qoo-prosasarukalaayirunnu, ithu intal-sillinks-nallatek, intal-altera-extremedaatta (2008 ll kayatti ayachathu) enniva thammilulla sahakaranathinte falamaanu.
anubandha gadakangalude vegatha.
sii. pii. yuu.
chila sandarbhangalil frond side buzz (efsb) vegathayil oru clock multiplier prayogichaanu oru prosessor (cpu) pravartthikkunna aavruthi nirnnayikkunnath. udaaharanathinu, 3200 MHz-ll pravartthikkunna oru prosessor 400 MHz fsb upayogikkunnundaakam. ithinartham 8 enna aantharika clock multiplier krameekaranam (buzz/coor anupatham ennum vilikkunnu) undu. athaayath, cpu frond side basinte 8 madangu freekwansiyil pravartthikkaan sajjeekarichirikkunnu 400 emhs × 8 = 3200 emhs. efsb freekwansi allengil cpu multiplier ennivayil maattam varuthunnathiloodeyaanu vyathyastha cpu vegatha kaivarikkunnath, ithine overclocking allengil underclocking ennu vilikkunnu.
oormmakal.
oru efsb vegatha krameekarikkunnath oru sisttam upayogikkenda memmariyude speed gradeumaayi nerittu bandhappettirikkunnu. munvashathe buzz cpuvineyum north bridgineyum bandhippikkunnathupole memory buzz north bridgineyum ramin bandhippikkunnu. palappozhum, eee rund basukalum ore aavruthiyilaanu pravartthikkendathu. mikka kesukalilum frond side buzz 450 MHz aayi vardhippikkunnathiloode memory 450 MHz ll pravarthippikkaam.
puthiya samvidaanangalil, "4:5" enna memory anupaathangalum athupolullavayum kaanaan kazhiyum. eee saahacharyathil memory efsbyekkaal 5/4 madangu vegathil pravartthikkum, athaayath oru 400 emhs bassinu 500 emhsil memory upayogichu pravartthikkaan kazhiyum. ithine palappozhum 'asinkranas' sisttam ennu vilikkunnu. cpuvileyum sisttam aarkkitekcharileyum vyathyaasangal kaaranam, mothatthilulla sisttam prakadanam vyathyastha efsb-tuu-memory anupaathangalil apratheekshithamaayi vyathyaasappedaam.
imej, audiyo, viidiyoo, gaming, fpga synthesis, oru valia dattaa settinte oro gadakathilum cheria alavil pravartthikkunna shaasthreeya aaplikkeshanukal ennivayil, efsb vegatha oru pradhana prakadana prashnamaayi maarunnu. mandagathiyilulla efsb cpu sisttam memmariyil ninnu daatta varunnathuvare ganyamaaya samayam chelavazhikkaan kaaranamakum. ennirunnaalum, oro gadakavum ulppedunna kanakkukoottalukal kooduthal sankeernamaanenkil, prosessor iva cheyyaan kooduthal samayam chelavazhikkum; athinaal, memory axus cheiyunna nirakk kurayunnathinaal efsbick vegatha nilanirthaan kazhiyum.
peripheral basukal.
memory bassinu samaanamaayi pii. sii. aii, eiii. jii. pii basukalum frond side basil ninnu asinkranalaayi oodikkaam. pazhaya samvidaanangalil, eee basukal frond side buzz freekwansiyude oru nischitha bhagathaanu pravartthikkunnathu. eee bhinnasankhya bios aanu sajjeekarichath. puthiya samvidaanangalil, pii. sii. aii, eiii. jii. pii, pii. sii. aii express peripheral basukalkku palappozhum avarudethaaya clock signalukal labhikkunnu, ithu samayathinaayi frond side basine aashrayikkunnath illaathaakkunnu.
overclocking.
ghadakam pravarthippikkaan sajjeekarichirikkunna aavruthikal kaikaaryam cheythukondu computer gadakangal avayude stokku perfomence levalukalkkapuram pravarthippikkukayum aavashyamullappol gadakathilekku ayacha volteju parishkkarikkukayum eee uyarnna aavruthikalil pravartthikkaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi kooduthal sthirathayode pravarthippikkukayum cheiyunna reethiyaanu overclocking.
jambarukalo bios krameekaranangalo maattunnathiloode clock multiplier, efsb krameekaranangal swamedhayaa sajjamakkaan pala madarboardukalum upayokthaavine anuvadikkunnu. mikkavarum ellah cpu nirmmaathaakkalum ippol oru preset multiplier chippilekku "loock" cheiyunnu. chila poottiya sipas anlokku cheyyaan kazhiyum; udaaharanathinu, sipiyuvinte uparithalathile poyintukaliludaneelam electrical kondaakttukal bandhippichu chila amd athloon prosessorukal anlokku cheyyaan kazhiyum. amd, intal ennivayil ninnulla mattu chila prosessorukal faaktariyil ninnu anlokku cheyyukayum eee savisheshatha kaaranam anthima upayokthaakkalum chillara vyaapaarikalum "utsahi-grade" prosessorukalaayi label cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. ellah prosessorukalkkum, sipiuvinum north bridgin edayilulla latensi kurachukondu prosessing vegatha vardhippikkunnathinu efsb vegatha vardhippikkaan kazhiyum.
eee pariseelanam gadakangale avayude savisheshathakalkkapuram thallunnu, ithu kramarahithamaya perumaattatthinum amita choodinum akaala paraajayathinum kaaranamakum. computer saadhaaranagathiyil pravarthikkunnathaayi thonniyalum, valia bhaarathil prasnangal prathyakshappedaam. hevlettu-paccard allengil dell polulla chillara vyaapaarikalil ninno nirmmaathaakkalil ninno vangiya mikka pisikalum kramarahithamaya perumaattathinteyo paraajayathinteyo saadhyatha kaaranam multiplier allengil efsb krameekaranangal maattaan upayokthaavine anuvadikkunnilla. oru ishtaanusritha mesheen nirmmikkunnathinayi prathyekam vangiya madarboardukal computerinte biosile multiplier, efsb krameekaranangal edittu cheyyaan upayokthaavine anuvadikkaan kooduthal saadhyathayund.
parinamam.
frond side buzz aadyamaayi roopakalppana cheythappol uyarnna vazhakkavum kuranja chelavum undaayirunnu. lalithamaaya cemetric multiprosessorukal oru pankitta efsbyil niravadhi sipasukal sthaapikkunnu, ennirunnaalum bandwidth thadassangal kaaranam prakadanatthinu rekheeyamaayi skeyil cheyyaan kazhinjilla.
2008-ll ellah intal aattam, seleeron, pentiyam, coor 2, siyoon prosessor modalukalilum frond-side buzz upayogichirunnu. yadhaarthathil, eee buzz ellah sisttam upakaranagalkkum sipiuvinumulla oru kendra connecting pooyintaayirunnu.
nirddeshangalum daattayum ethrayum vegam nadappilakkaan kazhiyumo athra vegathil konduvaraan kazhiyunnillengil vegathayeriya sipiyuvinte saadhyathakal paazhaayippokum. pradhana memmariyil daatta vaayikkano ezhuthaano kaathirikkumbol cpu ganyamaaya samayam nishkriyamaayi chelavazhikkaanidayundu, uyarnna prakadanamulla prosessorukalkku uyarnna bandwidth memmariyilekkulla kuranja latensi axus aavasyamaanu. sisttathinte prakadanam parimithappedutthunna pazhayathum mandagathiyilullathumaaya saankethikavidyayaanenna frond side buzz amd vimarshichu.
kooduthal aadhunika designukal pooyint-tuu-pooyint, seeriyal kanakshanukalaaya amdyude hyper transport, intalinte dmi 2 allengil kwick paathu interconnect (cupi) enniva upayogikkunnu. eee nadappaakkalukal cpuvil ninnu plaattphom kantrolar hubb, southu bridge allengil aii/oo kantrolarilekkulla nerittulla linkinu anukoolamaayi parambaraagatha north bridge neekkam cheiyunnu.
oru parambaraagatha vaasthuvidyayil, munvashathe buzz cpuvum pradhana memory ulppede sisttathile matellaa upakaranangalum thammilulla udanadi daatta linkai pravarthichu. hyper transport, kyu. pii. aii adisthaanamaakkiyulla sisttangalil, sipiyuvilekk samyojippicha oru memory kantrolar vazhi sisttam memory swathanthramaayi axus cheyyappedunnu, ithu mattu upayogangalkkayi hyper transport allengil kyu. pii. aii linkle bandwidth avasheshikkunnu. ithu cpu roopakalppanayude sankeernnatha vardhippikkunnu, pakshe multiprosessor sisttangalil kooduthal throoputtum mikacha scaling vaagdaanam cheiyunnu.
kaimatta nirakkukal.
frond side basinte bandwidth allengil paramavadhi saidhaanthika throoput nirnnayikkunnath athinte dattaa paathayude veethi, athinte clock freekwansi (secondil cycleukal), oro clock saikililum athu nadathunna dattaa kaimaattangalude ennam ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyaanu. udaaharanathinu, 100 MHz freekwansiyil pravartthikkunna oru 64-bitt (8-baitt) veethiyulla efsbick oro saikililum 4 traansfarukal nadathunnathinu secondil 3200 megabite (emby/seey) bandwidth undu
oro clock saikililum kaimaattangalude ennam upayogikkunna saankethikavidyaye aasrayichirikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, jii. tii. ell + 1 transfer/saikkil, iii. vii. 6 2 traansfarukal/saikkil, eiii. jii. tii. ell + 4 traansfarukal/saikkil enniva nadathunnu. intal oru saikkil kwad pumpinginu naalu traansfarukalude saankethikathaye vilikkunnu.
pala nirmmaathaakkalum frond-side basinte aavruthi MHz-ll prasidheekarikkunnu, ennaal maarkkatting metteeriyalukal palappozhum saidhaanthika phalapradamaaya signalling nirakk pattikappedutthunnu (ithine saadhaaranayaayi secondil mega traansfarukal allengil mt/s ennu vilikkunnu). udaaharanathinu, oru motherboard (allengil prosessor) 200 MHz vegathayil buzz sajjeekarikkukayum oro clock saikililum 4 traansfarukal nadathukayum cheythaal, efsb 800 metrik tonn/secondaayi rettucheyyunnu.
janapriya prosessorukalude niravadhi thalamurakalude savisheshathakal chuvade soochippichirikkunnu.

