demetry mitrohin

russiayileyum soviyatt graphik aarttistum chitrakaaranum eesel kothupaniyil praaveenyamullavanum kothupaniyil lithography praaveenyamullavanum niravadhi pusthakachithrangalude rachayithaavumaayirunnu demetry isidorovichu mitrohin (15 meyy 1883-7 november 1973). kalaa niroopakan, niravadhi kalaa asosiyeshanukalile amgam, hier instittyoott oof photography aandu photographic teknikkile professor (1919-1926), leningradile hier aartistik aandu technical instittyoottile printing departmentinte professor (1924-1930 book graphixile oru kozhs). aarr. ezz. eph. ezz. aarinte aadarikkappetta kalaakaaran (1969).
jeevacharitram.
russiayile crassnoder kraayiyile yeskilaanu addeham janichathu. 1902-ll addeham mosco school oof painting, shilpam, vaasthuvidya ennivayil cherukayum 1904-ll stroganov art schoolilekku pusthaka thithreekaranatthinaayi maarukayum cheythu. 1905-ll, mitrohin paareesilekk thamasam maarukayum yujeen graasettinteyum theophile steyinlanteyum droying klaasukalil pankedukkukayum cheythu. 1908ll russiayilekku madangiyethiya addeham addeham 1912num idayil sent peettezhsbargil sthirathaamasamaakki, kuttikalude pusthakangalum (arther ransominte ooldu peettezhsinte russian kathakal ulppede) lucomori polulla mattu russian pusthakangalum chithreekarichu.
1919 muthal 1923 vare russian myoosiyathile droingukalum kothupanikalum vibhaagathil demetry mitrohin oru sookshippukaaranaayirunnu. 1919ll addeham hier photography instittyoottilum pinneedu 1924 muthal 1934 vare akkadami oof artsilum padippikkaan thudangi. 1944ll addeham 1960 vare pusthaka thithreekaranatthinaayi moscoylake madangi. 1973ll moscoyil vachu addeham antharichu.
srishti.
mahathaaya srishtiparamaaya jeevitam nayicha demetry isidorovichu mitrokhinu, padikkaanum sahakarikkanum adutha bandhatthil thudaraanum niravadhi kalakaaranmaarumaayi bandhappedaanum samoohangalil thudaraanum bhagyamundaayi, avaril irupathaam noottaandile kalayile adayaalangal aaa kaalaghattatthile ettavum pradhanappetta kandethalukalude charithratthil cheluthiya swaadheenavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunnatha. kalakarante aathmakathaaparamaaya kurippukalude aadya varikalil emm.eph. larionov, enn. ezz. goncharova eiii. vii. phonvisin, avante koode chernnu padikkukayum suhruthukkalaavukayum cheythu. tii. konenkovum ezz. vii. murava" enna seramic artalil addeham jolie cheythirunna malutin.
paareesil, parimithamaaya saahacharyangalum joliyodulla nirantharamaaya joliyum ("uyarnna jeevitam enikku vendiyaayirunnilla") undaayirunnittum, dhaaraalam ashayavinimayam nadathunnu. ekadesham ezhupathu varshangalkk sesham, iii. saloonilekkulla thante sandarshanangal addeham anusmarichu. paarees workshop pole," "uyarnna samooham" "othukoodiya orutharam russian saamskaarika kendramaayi marria kruglikova, ennaal sannihitharaya ellaavarkkum kalayaayirunnu pradhana kaaryam",-maximilian voloshin sandarshikkuka, aarude veettil, kalakarante abhipraayathil, addehathinu "kooduthal sukham" thonni, avide luteshyakku chuttum parannukondirunna niravadhi naattukaarum ethi, orikkal konstaantin balmondine kandumuttaan avasaram labhichu (1904 ll avare hrasvamaayi parichayapettu), "thante makale, oru penkuttiye, chuvanna kottil konduvannu"-ivide aval 90 vayassulla oru kalakarante oormmayilaanu! eee oormmakal niranjirikkunnathu annathe kalayude thalasthaanathu thaamasichathinte udanadi uddeshyathekkurichu samsaarikkumbol, thelinja ulladakkavum rekhaachithrangalude drishyamaaya chithrangalum kondu niranjirikkunnu.
thante paareeshyan kaalaghattathekkurichu samsaarikkumbol, athu aakasmikamalla, abhimaanathinte oru bhaavavumillathe, franch thalasthaanathe theruvukalil toolouse-lotrekkinte posttarukal ippozhum thoongikkidakkukayaanenna addeham parayunnu-dii.aii.addehathil sakthamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiya mithrakhin thanne-yadhaarthathil, pooll kleeyil, addehathinte swaadheenavumaayi, kurachukaalathekku, thanikk ariyaavunna kalakarante srishtiyude nirayil vichithramayi samyojippikkappettu-athupole chila ghattangalil, henry mattissinteyum pooll sessanenteyum kalayodulla addehathinte valia thaalpparyatthinte swaadheenam, konsttanttin veshathil.
prakadanatthinteyum vaidagdhyathinteyum pathakal manassilakkunna vividha kaalaghattangalil, eee thaalparyam avarude vyathyastha prakadanangalil shradha kendreekarikkukayum kalakarante lokaveekshanathil avaa cheluthunna swaadheenathinte vyathyastha alavukolukal upayogichu-udaaharanathinu, saloon, thaadi, aadhunika pravanathakal, udaaharanathinu, eluppathilum vedanayillaathe marikadakkukayum cheyyuka-avaykku dairkhyameriya "neutralisation", poornnamaayum alankaaravum stylised alankaaravum janapriya printukalum achadicha roopangalum, allengil, neremarichu, kalakarante kaazhchappaadukalil saakshaathkarikkappetta aazhathilulla, avashya daaranayude roopathil-padinjaaran europian, japanese kothupani-saankethikavidyayude daaranayumaayi parimithappedaattha adisthaana thathwangalil-pothuvaayi, dripoyint, cheoroscoro, lithography, prathyekichu. "pakshe, eee hobikaliloode kadannupoyathinaal", emm.aalpattov paranju, "kaalatthinteyum sthalathinteyum athirukal marikadannu ellaayidathum nilanilkkunna kalayude moolyangalilekku addeham madangi".
thante aprenteeshippinte thudakkathekkurichulla aadya vaakkukalil thanne, "rumyansev myoosiyathinte kothupanikalude shekharam nalkia" "agadhavum aaveshakaravumaaya santhoshathekkurichu" kalaakaaran schoolinte library oormmippikkunnu ennathu sradheyamaanu.
oru paridhivare, orupakshe, achadiyude ulppannavumaayi sanbarkkam pularthunnathinekkaal saankethikamaayi svayam prakadippikkunnathinula marggangal kaivasham vaykkuka-oru pusthakam (boudhika vikasanathinte kaaryatthil-graphics parijnjaanam), achadi prakriyayumaayi kalakarante parichayam, maanuval ulppede, ente muthachante balyakaala varkshoppil ninnu enikku nannayi ariyaavunna type settarukal-"type settarukal ente suhruthukkalaayirunnu. type setting, veneer, space, lettar, sais, clitch, proof reeding ennee vaakkukal kuttikkalam muthal parichithamaanu.
pusthaka graphics.
pusthaka graphixil thante aadya pareekshanangal stroganovkakalude vaattar kalar adhyapakanodu demetry mitrokhin kadappettirikkunnu. aii. 1904-ll yagushinsky, "prasidheekarana sthaapanangalkku oru cheria jolie" vaagdaanam cheyyukayum athine abhinandikkukayum cheythu-valeri bryusov, akkaalat-"thel" yude cheef edittar. 1908ll paareesil ninnu madangiyethiyappol, avidevechu addeham ezz.pii. yaaremich, kalakarane iii. yilek parichayappedutthi.ezz.varshangalolam fraansil thaamasichirunna kruglikova, prashastha poolish shilpi edward vittiginu, addehathinte workshop demetry mitrokhin dushkaramaaya divasangalil jeevichirunnathinaal addeham sent. peettezhsburg, oru pusthaka chithrakaaranaayi chittayayi pravartthikkaan thudangi, athu addehathinu vegathil prashasthi nedikkodutthu, koodaathe "kalayude lokathile" kalakaaranmaarumaayulla parichayathaal ithu sugamamayi. dii yude vijayakaramaya vikasanathinte prarambha ghattathil. aii. oru pusthaka kalaakaaran, maasika chithrakaaran ennee nilakalil mithrakhinte sargaathmakatha, theerchayaayum, iii. iii. addehathinte aduthekku prasaadhakare ayacha lancere swaadheenichu ("njaan addehathodoppam modalukal varachu. akkadami oof aartsinte libraryile haalilvechu addeham avare thante paintinginaayi kshanichu... ente jeevithathile aadya varshangal sent. evjeni evjeneevichu lancereyude shradha peettezhsbargine valare prakaashippichu. "-dii. mithrakhin. aathmakathaaparamaaya kurippukal (1973). athe samayam, addeham linoleathil (vii.dii. falileevu), "addeham varnna rachanakal kothivachu, addeham enna peyintukal upayogichalla, marichu jalavarnangal upayogichaanu achadichathu-japanese reethiyil". niravadhi pusthaka prasaadhakarumaayi sahakarichu "i. enn. neebel, "golic aandu wilborg", "njaanodayam", "pechatnik", emm. koodaathe ezz. sabashnikovs "(avarkk dii. aii. mitrokhin oru printarinte adayaalam vikasippichu), "apollo", "emm. vii. popov "ennivayum mattu palathum. mattullavar. akkadami oof aartsinteyum hermittejinteyum libraryile kothupanikalude shekharangal padikkunnathu thudarunnu. kuttikalude pusthakangal, magazin screensaverukal, eratta sheershakangal, end pepparukal muthalaayavaykkulla chithreekaranangalil dhaaraalam pravartthikkunnu. soundaryathilum shabdaswabhaavam prakadippikkunnathilum apoorvamaaya, pinthudarnna prakadanam-iii. yude "yuyesdnoy". samyaattin (1916; emm. vii. popov), arther ransom (1916; landanum edinburgh) ezhuthiya "muthachan peettarinte russian kathakal" ennivayum mattu palathum.
pusthakatthile oru kalakariyenna nilayil demetry mithrokin enthaanennu ettavum pradhanamaayi samsaarikkunnath valare pradhaanamaan, aval oru valia vyakthiyaanenkilum, addehathinte kruthiyile pradhana vediyil ninnu valare akaleyaanengilum-ellaayppozhum, eee allengil aaa prasidheekaranatthinte roopakalppanayil pravartthikkunnu, kalaakaaran thirinja ellah vaividhyamaarnna graphik teknikkukalum upayogichu, pusthakatthinte ellah gadakangalkkum orotta tatwatal addeham nayikkapettu-cover, end pepparukal, type, decker ennivayil ninnu aarambhich avasaanikkunnu-avayellaam stailistik saamaanyathaykk vidheyamaan.
soviyatt kaalaghattatthil, kalaakaaran eee kruthi vijayakaramaayi vikasippikkukayum athu addehathe ulkkollukayum snehathode avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu uthkandayodeyum valare vijayakaramaayum kothupaniyodum kothupaniyodum lithographyode samyojippikkunnu. laittukal", "petropolis", "petrograd", "chinthikkuka" enningane vividha prasidheekarana sthaapanangalil addeham dhaaraalam pusthakangalum maasikakalum roopakalppana cheyyukayum chithreekarikkukayum cheythu. "sarf" mattu palathum, avayil ettavum mikachathu-academia (ekadesham aarr varshatholam addeham sahakaricha): oru vyakthiyude "ezhu pranaya chhaayaachithrangal". dii rainier (1920,1921; petrograd), mareena svettevayude yakshikkatha kavithayaya "tsar maddin" (1922);-edger poow "golden beettil" (1922), benn jonson (1920,1921; "petrolis"), victoor hugo (1923), henry barbus, okdevu mirbue, aristophensinte "komadi bukkukal" (1930), heliodorasinte "ethiopics" (1932) thudangi niravadhi prasidheekaranangalude vividha alankaara gadakangalude rachayithaav-kalakaran ithinakam parambaraagathamaaya reethiyil nirmmicha perkey fether droingukal.
1920ll dii.aii.mithrakhin veendum baalasaahithyavumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthukayum niravadhi pusthakangal chithreekarikkukayum roopakalppana cheyyukayum cheythu, avayil edger poow (1921-1922) ezhuthiya "golden beettil", vii. shaklovsky (1926), "october aksharamala" (1927) enniva verthirichariyanam. ettavum puthiya pathippile srishtikal kalakarante kalayude mikacha vaidagdhyam orikkal koodi sthireekarikkunnu. kaal immerman "munchousen" (1930-1932) ezhuthiya rund vaalyangalulla aakshepahasya novalinte roopam soochippikkunnathu kalaakaaran eee prasidheekaranatthinte muzhuvan gadanayudeyum parihaarathe valare samarthamaayi sameepichuvennaan kruthiyude kathaapaathrangal kuthane kaarikkechar cheythirikkunnu, athu pusthakatthil vichithravum vinodakaravumaaya abhiprayangalaayi maari, taittil pejukalude leauttu rasakaramaan; binding, flyleaf, dust jacket-ellaam yojichathaan. 1939-leeii pathanam muthal, dii. aii. oru jarmman publishing hausil ninnu oru oordar labhicha hans kristhyan aandezhsan rachicha yakshikkadhakalude pusthakatthinte roopakalppanayil mithrokin pravarthichu. kalakarante kathukalil ninnu manassilaakkaavunnathupole, 1941 juun pakuthiyode avasheshikkunna kurachu pakarppukal vilayiruthikkond addeham rasakaramaaya chithreekaranangal srishtikkunnathu thudarnnu-eee pathipp pakal velicham kaanaan vidhikkappettirunnil...
niravadhi dussen prasidheekarana braandukalum vyapara chinnangalum labelukalum addeham vikasippichittund. vikasippichittund dii mithrakhin karasthamaakkiya "cheria roopangalude" mekhalayil oru pusthaka chihnam oru prathyeka sthaanam vahikkunnu. rachanayil thikanja praaveenyamulla, pusthakatthinte alankaara, graphik gadakangalil nannayi praaveenyam ulla, athinte swabhaavam sookshumamaayi anubavikkunna addeham ekadesham ambatholam ex-libraisukal nirmmichu (avayil bhooribhaagavum 1919-1923 ll pedunnu)-eee kruthikal russiayil eee vibhaagathil srishticha ettavum mikachavayil ulppedunnu.
ennaal mattullavarum) avasaanam muthal muthal pakuthi vareyulla kaalayalavil, kalaakaaran pusthaka graphixil ninnu maari, idaykkide maathram, muun thaalpparyamillathe athilekku madangi. yudhathinushesham addeham apoorvvamaayi maathrame prasidheekaranangalkkaayi oru kruthiyum cheiyunnulloo. oru apavaadathe dii chithreekarichathum roopakalppana cheythathum aayi kanakkakkaam. aii. 1959-leeii mithrokin "franch yakshikkadhakal" (m. gill), avasaanatheth-emm ezhuthiya oormmakkurippukalude pusthakam. vii. nestarov (emm. "art"), athe varsham thanne addeham roopakalppana cheythu.
dii. yude jolie.aii.eee mekhalayile thante oorjjaswalamaaya pravartthanatthinte ekadesham aranoottaandinide, kalaakaaran thanikk saadhyamaaya oreyoru abhyarthana munkootty kaanunnathennapole, mathramalla thante kazhivukalude prayogatthinte ettavum spashtavum savisheshavumaaya roopamaaya-varaykkal, oru nischitha nimisham muthal thante lokaveekshanathinte saarvathrika avishkaara maargamaayi marran vidhikkappettirikkum. athe "thayyaareduppu" pravartthanam mattu tharatthilulla eesel graphics nadathiyathaayi oraalkk thonnunnu, avar kalakarane eee lapidary kandethaan sahaayichathupole, manassilakkaavunna, ennaal ulladakkathinteyum sheshiyudeyum kaaryatthil adisthaanamaaya kruthikalude monosyllabic bhashayil ninnu valare akaleyaan vyakthiyude, poornnamaayum swathanthramaaya graphik kaiyaksharam.
maram murichu. cutter. lithography.
eee srishtiparamaaya anubhavam munkaala praabalyathode manassilakkaan avasaram labhichathinaal, athinte vikasanathil oraalkk atharamoru pravanatha nireekshikkaan kazhiyum 1930 kalude madhyathil, kalakarante srishtikalil pusthaka graphics inii paramapradhaanamallaathathinaal, avaa maram murikkal, loha kothupani, droying, vaattar kalar ennivaykku vazhiyorukkaan thudangiyirikkunnu. prakrithiyil ninnu jolie cheiyunnathu orikkalum saadhaarana klaasukalude ennathil ninnu, dii yude thaalpparyangalude mekhalayil ninnu ozhivakkiyittilla.aii.koodaathe, eee mekhalayil addeham nirantharam sramikkukayum mechappeduthukayum cheythu, ithu chithratthinte ardhavum ulladakkavum kramena parivartthanam cheiyunnathinu kaaranamaayi "prakrithiyude vidyaalayathil" ninnu, addeham ulppetta paarambaryam manasilaakkunnathin aavashyamaaya, yadhaartha eesel sheettinte prakadippicha swatantra moolyathilekku.
dii. aii. mithrokhin maram kothivaykkaan thudangi, vivoload vladymirovich voyinovinte swaadheenathil-maram murikkunna punarujjeevanatthinte thudakkakkaaril oralum prachaaranakkaarum, oru swatantra (punarnirmmaanamallaatha) eesel saankethikavidyayaayi, demetry isidorovichinu "kalayude lokavumaayi" nannayi parichayamundaayirunnu-museum jolikalil; 1941 ll avar orumichu millisiayil chernnu, uparodhathe athijeevichu, avar orumichu alma-attaayilaayirunnu. vii. wook katt, bii enniva voinov avatharippichu. emm. thante avasana varshangalile asukham kaaranam kothupaniyil maathram sargaathmakathayil ninnu poornnamaayum otappettirunnilla kustodeev.
dii. aii. mitrokhin 70-ladhikam kothupanikal nirmmichu, ennaal eee mekhalayile thaarathamyena cheria ennam kruthikal polum maram murikkunna mikacha russian maasttarukalil oralaayi sthaanam nedaan addehathe anuvadikkunnu. karutha shailiyodu" aduthulla saankethikavidyakalil ninnu aarambhich, kalaakaaran veluthathum cheruthaayi parukkan strockinu munganana nalkiyappol, pinneedu addeham "pakuthi tonukalum vividha texture gadakangalum niranja oru velli skaililekku" varunnu; addeham eathu tharatthilulla "naipunyam niranja aadambarathinum" anyanaan-thudakkathil thadichediyil addeham chithraathmakamaaya aavishkaarathaal aakarshikkappedunnu, eee aavashyathinaayi addeham chilappol vaattar kalarukal upayogichu printukal prakashippikkunnu-chilappol sradhikkappedaathum chilappol-corpuscular jyusiyum. ivide oraalkk mithrakhinte kalayude samagratha nireekshikkaan kazhiyum, addehathinte maram vettiyathum varaykkunnathum thammil nannayi bandhappettirikkunnathi thelivaanu.
eee kaalaghattatthile kruthikalil kruthikalil avasaanam) landscape cycleukal prabalamaanu-niravadhi maram murikkalukalum kothupanikalum (kalaakaaran manappoorvvam kothupanikalilekku tiriyunnilla, unangiya soochi, uzhunnu ennivayude vrithiyulla leaving lainine vilamathikkunnu), leningraadinte praanthapradeshangalil samarppichirikkunna lithographukal-petrogradskaaya vashangalile tharishubhoomikal, dveepukalude chathurangal. "aaa varshangalil nagaratthinte eee bhaagatthinte savisheshamaaya bhooprakrithiyumaayi mithrakhin ananthamaayi bandhappettirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudhavum viplavavum thadassappeduthiya noottaandinte thudakkathile druthagathiyilulla vikasanathinu nandi, shoonyamaaya firewallukalulla valia appaartment kettidangalude orutharam vaasthuvidhyaaparamaayi asamghadithamaaya koottaayma, sakthamaaya pazhaya marangal, ananthamaaya velikal, athijeevicha thadi veedukal ennivayulla tharisubhoomi ivideyaanu. muun thalasthaanatthinte mattu bhaagangalil kaanaan kazhiyaatha bhooprakrithi, nagaratthinte aswasthathayundaakkunna vairudhyam kondu mithrokine aakarshichu, athu pettennu aakramanaathmakamaayi nilakkukayum prakrithiyude cheria dveepukal addehathe veerochithamaayi prathirodhikkukayum cheythu.
paarees rekhaachitrangalil ninnu aarambhich, demetry mithrokinte srishtiyil eee tharam theem sthiramaayi kaanapedunnu. purathana kaalath uthbhavicha sthirathayullathum sambannavumaaya oru paarambaryatthil ithu athinte verukalilekku madangunnu-madhyakala pusthaka graphics, ooriyantal miniyecharukal, pazhaya maasttarukalude droingukal, navothaanatthinte kothupanikal, durerude naadodi tharangal, cheria dachukaarkkidayil, russian janapriya printukalil, oduvil japanese ukiyo-iii kothupaniyil. pathinettaam noottaandil franch, engleesh printukalude prashasthamaaya parambarayaaya "paareesinte nilavilikalum" "landanile nilavilikalum" vazhi ithu ettavum valia saamoohika theekshnatha nedunnu; eee paarambaryam vikasippicheduthath sent. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathile peettezhsburg naadodi tharangal.
theruvu ramgangal, vazhiyaathrakkaarude cheria roopangal, orutharam "staafeju" pole, dii yude mikkavarum ellah bhooprakrithikalum jeevasuttathaakkunnu. aii. 1920 kalude madhyam muthal 1930 kalude arambham vare thante nagaratthile maram murikkunna suitil, "theruvil ninnulla manushyan" enna kathaapaathram kendrasthaanathethunnu. eee dayaapoorvamaaya virodhaabhaasangalude srishtikal, ippol eathaandu vichitramaaya cycleukal, lithographukalude oru parambarayum valia formaattukalude kothupanikalum chernnu, perulla paarambaryavumaayi ettavum aduthu poruthappedunnu ("theruvu tharangal", "iscream maan" "football kalikkaaran" "pushpa vilppanakkaaran" "floor polisher" "petrorayarabcope" mattullava).
athe samayam, samayam, dii. yude avasaanathe kothupanikalude oru parambarayil.aii.assov mekhalayude jeevithathinaayi samarppichirikkunna mithrokin, "kalakarante thalpparyam", "athinte prathyeka roopangalil, alankaara samagrathayeyum sheettinte thadi kashanangalude prakadanatheyum kurichulla aashanka" ennivayaal nirnnayikkappedunna "tharam" ennathinu pakaramaayi romaantik uddeshyangal varunnu.
maram murikkunna saankethikavidyakalil praaveenyam, dii.aii.1930 kalude madhyathil mithrakhin vannu, swaabhaavikamaayum kalakarane thante thalpparyangal oru uzhunnu kondu kothupaniyilekku maattaan nayikkunnu, athu akkaalat thanne addehathe aakarshichu. aakarshichu muthal end encraving lithography punarujjeevippichuvenkuve, russiayile chisal encravinginu ithinakam uyarnna kalayude savisheshathakal nashtappettu, prayoga moolyamullathu; padinjaaran europil, 10,20-kalil maathramaan chila maastezhs graphixinulla athinte swatantra moolyathekkurichu manassilakkaan thudangiyathu, athu karakaushalathinum prathyulpaadanathinum idayil maathram deerghakaalamaayi undaayirunnu. murikkal kothupaniyude saankethikavidyayekkurichu pothuvaaya daaranayulla kalakaran chuttum jeevanulla udaaharanangalonnumilla, mathramalla aadya pareekshanangalil ninnu graphik aarttistinte swatantra jolikal pariharikkunnathinulla athinte saadhyathakalekkurichulla daaranayaanu maasttare prathyulpaadana saankethikavidyakalil ninnu akattuka-avan oru graver upayogichu "varaykkunnu". ekkaaryathil, yuu.eiii. ruzakov shariyaayi abhiprayappettu "ithu oru uzhunnu kothupaniyude puthiya kandethalaanennu parayunnath athishayokthiyalla". tonel saadhyathakale sambannamaakkunna maasttar oru varanda soochi upayogichum pravartthikkunnu, athinte swathanthramaaya achadakkam athu nediya phalangalil prakrithidatha droinginode kooduthal adukkunnu, rachayithaavinte jolikalilonnaaya pena upayogichu varaykkunnu-avarude oorjjaswalathayum ooshmalathayum samrakshikkuka. ennaal addeham droying anukarikkunilla, pakshe sramikkuka maathramaan cheiyunnathu, lohathil kothupaniyude saadhyathakalude eee upayogathinu nandi, printinu oru puthiya mathipp, oru vaikaarika swabhaavam nalkunnu.
nalkunnu addeham athe vishayathilekku thirinju petrograd vashathe bhooprakrithikal, nischalajeevitham, ennirunnaalum, athinu oru plott vipuleekaranam labhikkunnu-kruthikal mikacha chalanathmakatha nedunnu, chila sandarbhangalil-chithrakalayude gunanilavaaram. 30-kalude madhyathil, samskaarathinteyum vinodathinteyum kendra parkkinaayi samarppichirikkunna valia formet printukalude oru saikkil addeham srishtichu-janaalakalil ninnu nirmmicha rekhaachithrangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla niravadhi panoramic landscapeukal. dii. alekhanam cheytha nischalajeevikal ulkkollunna oru prathyeka cheria koottam kruthikal. aii. 30-40 kalude thudakkathil rachayithaav ilam vaattar kalar painting ennaanu ardhamaakkiyirunna mithrokin; eee kruthikalude pothuvaaya avastha valare pinneedu addeham vanna kazhchappadinodu aduthaanu.
dii. yude loha kothupani. yudhathinu munbulla soviyatt kalayile oru savishesha prathibhaasamaan aii mithrakhin. thante kalaparamaaya swabhaavathinte athilolamaaya vaikaarika ghadanayum ganarachana ulkkollaan guruvinu kazhinja yadhaartha kalaaroopam eee puthiya samrambhathe pinthunaykkaan oru prathikaranavum kandethiyilla, addehathinte srishtiyude yadhaartha mekhala, sarikkum maathram, "irupathaam noottaandile lohathil kothupaniyude ettavum valia europian prathibhasangalil" idam nedunnu-kalakaaranaaya kalaa niroopakanaaya yuu abhipraayappedunnu. eiii. ruzakov. oru amgeekritha vidagthanum, kothupaniyil vidagthanumaaya swondsov vasily mikhailovichu addehathodu yojikkunnu "innuvare kothupaniyude kala vikasippicheduthath addehamaayirunnu. mithrakhin enna eee ashayam addehathekkurichulla pazhaya thalamurayile kalakaaranmaarudeyum ente adhyaapakarudeyum kathakalaal shakthippeduthi (v. enn. levitsky, ell. eph. ovsyanikovu, jii. ezz. vereesky mattullavarum).
mattullavarum) randaam pakuthi vare addeham randuthavana maathrame kallu joliyilekku thirinjulloo. dii srishtichathil ninnu.aii.lithography mitrokhin, pakuthi eee printing saankethikavidyayekkurikulla addehathinte poornna padanatthinte aadya varshamaaya 1928 neey soochippikkunnu.
jolisthalavumaayi mriduvaaya lithographic pensilinte sajeevamaaya sanbarkkam nilanirthunnathinaayi, munbu nirmmicha droying kaimaran anuvadikkunna dhaanya koppiyarine addeham avaganikkunnu-kalaakaaran kallil nerittu pravartthikkunnu. ivide addeham ellah saankethikavidyakalum upayogikkunnu addeham vishalamaaya laitt strock upayogichu varaykkunnu, pena upayogikkunnu, toonn laghookarikkunnu, neenda samanthara strockukal chorichilukal varuthunnu (ithu printing playinil nerittu pravartthikkumbol maathrame saadhyamaakoo). ettavum pradhanamaayi addeham monocrome printukalkkaayi eesel lithographukal nirmmichu-oru kallil, ennaal rando moonno kallukalil ninnu (1929-1931) niravadhi lithographukal achadichu.
addehathinte lithographukalil aadhipathyam pularthunnathu avasaanam kothupaniyil ulla athe prameyamaanu-leningradskaya street, fishing yisk. mikacha parambara-"rachayithaav niracha aarr lithographukal" (1928). ivide kalakarante shradha varnnabhamaaya theruvu tharangalil kendreekarichirikkunnu, eee srishtikal nagaratthinte prathichaaya, oru munkaala kaalaghattatthinte manam namukk nalkunnu...
eee saankethikavidyayodulla oru cheria aakarshanam dii. aii. pusthaka graphixil ithu upayogichathinte anubhavamulla mithrokin-"thiranjeduttha kruthikal" ennathinte ardham. ezz. leskov (1931) aanu roopakalppana cheythath.
sarggaathmakathayude mosco kaalaghattatthil kaalaghattatthil randaam pakuthiyil ninnulla 20 printukalum printukalum thudakkathilum thudakkathilum avasaanathilum niravadhi kruthikalum ull kothupanikalilekku rund thavana mithrakhin thirichetthi. eee kruthikalil niravadhi phastt klaas kruthikal undu, avayil "raam" (1948) ennu vilikkanam-valare aavishkaaraparavum chalanathmakavumaaya kothupani,-"appilum nuts" (1969), ithu soochippikkunna niramillaathe polum poornnamaayum poortthiyaayathaayi thonnunnu.
chithram.
dii yude ellah vijayangalodum koodi. aii. pusthaka graphixile mithrakhin, kothupaniyile nettangal, addehathinte srishtiyude ettavum pradhanappettathum pradhaanappettathumaaya bhagam eesel droingaanu. eee ashayam pensil varkkineyum vaattar kalarukaleyum, mishra maadyamangalil nirmmicha kruthikaleyum-addehathinte jeevithathinte avasana muppath varshathe pradhana thozhilukaleyum-onnippikkunnu. noorukanakkinu cheria eesel sheettukalil (oru postkaardinte valupavum notebook pejum) kalakarante lokaveekshanathinte ettavum spashtavum aakarshakavumaya aavishkaaram adangiyirikkunnu; avayil graphik, pictorial thathwangal valare swaabhaavikamaayi layippichirikkunnu; varshangalayi srishticha eee syoottukal-jeevan niranja dayari pejukal.
demetry isidorovichu mitrokhinte paarambaryam padichavaril bhooribhaagavum addehathinte srishtiparamaaya jeevithathinte avasana muppath varshangal pala tharatthil ettavum rasakaramaanennu thonnunna nigamanatthilethunnu. kalakarane poornnamaayum thripthippeduthiya, changalaitta, utharavu palikkaan nirbandhichilla, ithu addeham kandethiya svayam aavishkaarathinte oru saarvathrika roopamaanu, bodhapoorvam, abodhaavasthayil, varshangalolam pookaathappol, athu addeham manassilakkukayum kashtappedukayum cheytha ellaattinteyum samanvayamaanu, athinte falamaayi noorukanakkinu kruthikalil vyakthavum yojichathumaaya bhaashayude lalithamaaya swaabhaavika vaakkukalal rachikkapetta madyalahariyum alakkapetta vivaranavum. kazhinja kaalaghattathekkurichulla atharamoru vilayiruthalil, addeham neratthe cheytha ellaattinteyum praadhaanyam nishedhikkathe, addehathinte pravartthanangal ariyukayum vilamathikkukayum cheythavarellaam aikyadaartyam prakadippikkunnu emm. vii. alpattov, yuu. eiii. ruzakov iii. eiii. kibrick, enn. aii. khaardseev, vii. emm. swondsov, eiii. ransomum njaanum. vii. golitsin, oduvil-shilpi ell.vii. eee kruthi valare sookshumamaayum sahaanubhoothiyodeyum manassilakkiya chaga, yadhaartha swatantra kalayude vijayathin sensiteevum nissamgathayillaathathumaaya saakshiyayi.
akkaalathe ettavum mikacha rashyakkaaranaaya "aurora" (1973-1977) enna prasidheekarana sthaapanathinte edittoriyal staaf thalavanaaya vasily mikhailovichu swondsov, dii. yekkurichu oru pusthakam prasidheekarikkunnathinu thayyaareduppilaanu. aii. sameepa dashakangalil kalaakaaran enthaanu cheythathennu poornnamaayum kandathin sesham, monograph punarnirmikkaan mithrakhin nirbandhithanaayi. eee notebukkukal thannil undakkiya "apratheekshithavum athishayakaravumaya" swaadheenathekkurichu addeham samsaarikkunnu "eee paathayude avasana ghattathil, kalaakaaran asaadhaaranamaaya poornathayiletthi, apoorva sandarbhangalil saadhyamaan. roopakalppanayudeyum avishkaara maargangaludeyum poornna aikyam addeham nedi.
vaasthavathil, addehathinte kruthiyude "moonnaam" kaalaghattatthil, dii. aii. vaardhakyathil oru kalakaran "puthumayulla roopam", "yuvabodham" enniva asaadhyamaanenna sthaapithamaaya abhipraayathe mithrakhin nishedhichu. keey yude abhipraayathodu prathikarikkunna addehathinte chithrangalodoppam. aarum angane prathekshikkaruth" ennu haamson paranju... ambathu varshathinusesham addeham munbu ezhuthiyathupole nannayi ezhuthuka-thante kruthikalude anunayavum audaaryavum samagrathayum kondu, guru eee vyakthiyude aantharikalokatheyum thaan pinthudarunna achadakkatheyum aashrayichirikkunnuvennu prakhyaapikkunnu-kalakaran inii oru nerrekha varaykkaan kazhiyilla, pakshe addehathinte kruthikal varikalude aathmavishwaasathe, avasana divasam vare chithrangalude shabdathe, njettikkunnu.
kalayude avasana lokamaaya" "jeevanulla avashishtathinu" adaranjali arppikkukayenna uddeshyathode thante aduthethiyavarodu, demetry isidorovichu "mithrakhin valarekkaalamaayi pooyi" ennum "kaalmuttinte mithrakhin" thanikk ottum thaalpparyamillennum prakhyaapichu. "avar addehathinte pusthaka graphixine prashamsichu... prashamsaneeyamaaya pusthakapalakakal. eee sandarshakaril "ezhuthukaar", "shekharikkunnavar" mathramalla, kalakaaranmaarum undaayirunnu. avaril arcum mithrakhinte kothupanikalo chithrangalo oormma vannilla. atharam sandarshakaril ninnu demetry isidorovichu valare deshyappedukayum deshyappedukayum thaan "ithuvare marichittilla" ennu parayukayum cheythu... vishalavum bhaarameriyathumaaya padikalode avan murikaliloode nadakkunnu. durbalamaaya sareerathinu vasthrangal valare ayanjathaanu. giacomettiyude shilpangal njaan oorthu. ennaal annukal moorchayullathum cheruppavumaanennu thonnunnu. asaadhaaranamaayi prakadippikkunna kaikal avasaanam vare avarude krupayum shakthiyum nilanirtthi. aaa nimishathil kalakarane aashankappeduthiya thirachil manassilakkaan vanna vyakthiyude sannadhathaye aashrayich, dii. aii. mithrakhin bodhavaanaayirunnu-addeham ellaayppozhum "edanilakkaarane valare nannayi kaanunnu", addeham avasaanathe kruthikal thante munnil sthaapichu ore janala ninnu kaanunna athisayakaramaaya vaividhyamaarnna bhooprakrithikal, valare ardhavathaaya prakadanangal-rund, moonnu vasthukkal, vividha inteeriyarukal, ore muriyil kaanapedunnu...
naayakanmar" avarude swantham jeevitam nayikkukayum, vyakthamaaya swabhaavam, swabhaavam, edapedal, naadakam enniva undaakukayum cheyyumbol saahithyavaadamillaatha oru kathayaanithu-yadhaartha naadakam aksharaarthatthil "abhinethaakkalude" maanasikaavasthayum swaravum thedaanum pidichedukkaanum kaazhchakkaarane prerippikkunnu. orupakshe jootha naadakavalkkaranathinu anukoolamaaya eaka badal ithaayirikkaam? enn.enn. evrinov, dii.aii.oru ezhuthukaaranenna nilayilum naadakakrithu enna nilayilum oru vyakthiyenna nilayilum (puthuthayi srishticha graphics publishing brandaya pollar staar "jarmmankaarude aadima naadakam" enna peril oru pathippil avar "sammathichu")-aakasmikamaayi, addehathinu niravadhi abhinethaakkalumaayum ezhuthukaarumaayum parichayamundaayirunnu. 1908ll khaarkiv enn. enna kavithaasamaahaarathil addeham thanne cheruppatthil kavithakal ezhuthi. poyarkov athinte puramchattayodoppam almanac "kristtal" prasidheekarichu, ithu dii prasidheekaranathile pankaalittham avasaanippikkunnilla. aii. mithrakhin-addehathinte "thekottulla" chakratthil ninnulla rund kavithakal ithaa "mathsyathozhilaalikal", "choodu" enniva yeskineyum assov kadalinte kadalineyum kurichulla oormmakalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkondathaanu. andrey belii, konstaantin ballmond, alexander (alexander bryusov), aii. ennivar almanakkil pankedutthu. novikov, ezz. krechettovum mattullavarum.
"ippozhum-leben".
addeham thudangiya samayat, speshyal sarggaathmakathayude pothuvaaya pravanatha ardhamaakkunnathu prakrithiyekkurichulla avyakthamaaya daaranayude aajnjakalil ninnu "mochanam neduka" ennaanu-athinaal p. klii, pii. aarr parayunnathanusarichu, aadyam velluvilikkunnavaril oralaaya sessan. emm. vii. kku ezhuthiya kathil rilkk. kappal thakarnnatho dhruveeya manjil kudungiyatho aaya gausenstain, ennethanne marikadannu, avasana nimisham vare thante nireekshanangalum anubhavangalum ezhuthaan shramikkunnu, athuvazhi avarude jeevitam sheettinte shoonyamaaya edangalil oru paatha undaakkum, avide arcum munbu ethaan kazhinjirunnilla"-ithu anivaryamaaya "academic sthambhanathe" marikadakkendathundu, oduvil photoniachuralisathil ninnu svayam thalarnnu, mathramalla-alamara, ruchi, "perumaattam", "anukaranangal", "punarnirmmaanangal", achadicha vasthukkal ulladakkamillaathappol; ennirunnaalum, chila ghattangalil noonn-figurative kala "valia paridhiyil" ethi-rachaithaavinodum upabhokthaavinodum "udaseenata kaanikkuka, roopangal (thangaletthanne anukoolikkaatha kaliyodu prathikarikkunna) veendum oru ozhikazhivu maathramaayi maari, chinthayude aavishkaaramaayirunnilla.
thudakkathil dii. aii. vidhiyude ishtaprakaaram mithrakhin salooninodu ettavum aduthirunnavarude campil ethi, pakshe pinneedu russiayil athu soundaryashaasthrathinte anivaryamaaya paathayaayirunnu, ashleelathayude aadhipathyathin athiraayirunnu, athu kalaye anaachaaraparamaayi aakramichu; addeham mattu swaadheenangal anubhavichu, ghattam ghattamayi thante vazhiyude moonnil rund bhaagathe marikadannu, koodaathe oru phastt klaas maastaraayi thudarnnu.
"thirichuvaravu", ennaal "puthiya edangalilekkulla" vazhiyum budhimuttaayirunnu, oru puthiya shabdam pottippurappettappol athu vedanaajanakamaanu. "prasadhakaril ninnulla utharavukal nirthalaakkappedunnu. upabhokthakkal niraasaraanu-muun maasttar verchuso nilavililla ".
ell. ennaal, kalakaran patanam, bheeruthwamulla chithrarachanakal, vidyaarthikalude "cheli", karutha nizhalukal ennivayil ninnu aarambikkendivannu. eee jnjaaniyaaya kalaakaaran chithreekarichavarkku "vasthunishtatha" thirike nalkunnu-oru vyathyasam mathram ippol "vivarichathinte gadakangal" aathmeeyathayullavayaan, avarkk oru puthiya pankaalitthabodham nalkunnu, vaikaarika-alankaara, suuppar-realistic allengil nirodhithamaayi saamaanyavalkkarikkappede-avar kazhchakkaaranodu nissamgatha kanikkunnilla, kalakaran adhehavum thammilulla rahasyavum aathmaarthavumaaya sambhashanathinulla avakasham avakaashappedunnathiloode... ezhuthukaaran athe "pradhana shakthikalude" prathinidhiyaan (orikkal oru poolish kalaakaaran avarude varavinte samayathekkurichu chodichappol), sainika padaavaliyil svayam "munnira unitukal" ennu prakhyaapikkathe (avaa avasaanichu, bahujana samskaaram avare kaikalil eduthayudane, ellaayidathum prakhyaapikkappedunnu), parasyangalum swaadheenangalum illaathe, shaanthamaayum sthiramaayum ningalude priyappetta bisinesses nannayi cheyyaan thudangi, puthiya ardhavum edavum nalki-valia chinthakal prakadippikkaan bheeman formaattukalude aavasyamilla.
eee chakrangal chittappeduthendathilla-ellaam ithinakam vyakthamaan glass, farmacy vibhavangal, pazhangal, malsyam, pookkal, unangiya pookkal...
vazhiyil, ividuthe pookkal manoharamaaya sasyangalo avayude enangalo mathramalla, avaykku jeevajaalangalude gunangal mathramalla, avarude "randaamathe" srashtaavinte maanasikaavasthayude shadeukal ariyikkunnathinulla gunangalum undu-oru manasakshiyum shamayum chinthaneeyavumaaya vidyaarthi "aadyathethu". rachayithaavinte paricharanatthinu nandi, farmacy kuppikal avarude upayogathe sajeevamaayi kaviyunnu. pazhangal santhoshikkunnu, andipparippu olinjirikkunnu, shellukal poraadaan pookunnu, kaserakalundu-athinte udamakalude thudarcha, tirichalla.
"aandezhsan' s plottukalum undaayirunnu-oru soochi, oru pinn, oru charadukalude scain. karakaushala kalippaattangal-visilukal, kuthirakal, kozhikal, thadi, chayam pooshiya muttakal-ettavum apratheekshithamaya avathaarangalilum vyaakhyaanangalilum droingukalil prathyakshappettu avaa niram, anupatham enniva maatti, oru saangalppika sthalathekku maatti, ramgangal, "cheria duranthangal" enniva play cheythu.
oru pazhaya maratthinte varanda kombukal udaaramaayi pookkalaal chitharikkidakkunnu.

