
checoslovakiayude vighadanam

checoslovakiayude pirichuvidal 1992 desember 31 nuu praabalyatthil vannu, federal republic oof checoslovakia check republicudeyum slovakiayudeyum swatantra rajyangalaayi svayam nirnnayikkappetta vibhajanamaayirunnu ithu. 1969ll checoslovac soshyalist republicinte ghadaka rajyangalaayi 1989 avasaanam vare roopeekaricha check soshyalist republicineyum slovac soshyalist republicineyum iva randum prathiphalippichu.
checoslovakiayile communist party bharanam avasaanippikkunnathilke nayicha 1989 leeii raktharahithamaya velvett viplavathe paraamarsikkunna velvett vivaahamochanam ennaanu ithu chilappol ariyappedunnathu.
pashchaathalam.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathil austriya-hungery pirichuvittathodeyaanu checoslovakia roopeekrithamaayathu. 1918-ll american nagaramaya pittsburgil oru yogam nadannu, athil bhaaviyile checoslovac president tomas garrig masarikkum mattu check, slovac prathinidhikalum pittsburg karaaril oppuvachu, ithu rund thulya rajyangal ulkkollunna oru pothu raashtram vaagdaanam cheythu slovax chex. taamasiyaathe, adhehavum edward benez kooduthal aikyathinum orotta rajyathinum vendi sammarddam chelutthi karar lamghichu.
chila slovaakkukal aaa maattathe anukoolichilla, 1939 maarchil adolph hitlarude sammarddathode, parimithamaaya paramadhikaaramulla germmaniyude upagraha rajyamaayi aadyathe slovac republic srishtikkappettu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham soviyatt unionumaayulla sakhyam moonnaam checoslovac republicilekkulla punarekeekaranatthinu melnottam vahichu.
1968ll federationte bharanaghadanaa niyamam 1917 tharam audyogika federal ghadana punasthaapichu, ennaal 1970kalile saadhaaranavalkkarana kaalayalavil, gustav husak, svayam oru slovac aanenkilum, mikka niyanthranavum praagyoovinu thirike nalki. aaa sameepanam kammyoonisathinte pathanathinushesham vighadanavaadathinte punarvikasanatthe prothsaahippichu.
rund gadakangalaayi vibhajikkuka.
1991 aayappozhekkum check republicinte aalohari gdp slovaakyayekkaal 20 sathamaanam kooduthalaayirunnu. munkaalangalil niyamamaayirunna check bajattil ninnu slovaakyayilekkulla kaimattangal 1991 januvariyil nirtthi.
pala check, slovakkukalkkum oru federal checoslovakiayude thudarchayaaya nilanilpp aagrahamundaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, chila pradhana slovac partykal sahavarthithvathinte oru durbalamaaya roopathe vaadichu, slovac naashanal party samboornna swaathanthryavum paramadhikaaravum thedi. kurachu varshathekku rashtreeya partykal veendum uyarnnuvannu, pakshe slovakiayilum thirichum check partykalkku saannidhyam kuravo illayo aayirunnu. pravarthanakshamamaaya oru samsthaanam undakunnathinaayi, praaguvil ninnu thudarchayaaya niyanthranam sarkkar aavasyappettuvenkilum slovaakkukal vikendreekaranathinaayi aavashyappedunnathu thudarnnu.
1992-ll check republic vaclav havelin mattullavareyum thiranjedutthu, avar onnukil kooduthal karsanamaaya federationo ("praayogika federation") allengil rund swatantra samsthaanangalo aavasyappettu. vladymyr messier mattu pramukha slovac raashtreeyakkaarum orutharam konfedareshan aagrahichu. juunil irupakshavum edaykkideyullathum theevravumaaya charchakal aarambhichu. juulai 17nuu slovac paarlament slovac raashtrathinte swaathanthryaprakhyaapanam amgeekarichu. aarr divasathinu sesham, brattislaavayil nadanna oru yogathil klausum messier checoslovakia pirichuvidaan sammathichu. checoslovac president vaclav havell thaan ethirtha pirichuvidalinu melnottam vahikkunnathinupakaram raajivachu. 1992 septambaril nadanna oru abhipraaya sarveyil 37 sathamaanam slovaakkukalum 36 sathamaanam chekkukalum maathramaan pirichuvidaline anukoolichathu.
charchakalude lakshyam samadhaanaparamaaya vibhajanam kaivarikkunnathilekku maari. yougoslaviayude (austriya-hangariyude pirichuvidalinushesham srishticha mattoru muun soshyalist, slavik federal stettu) akramasakthamaaya thakarchaykku samaantharamaayi nadanna prakriyayaayathinal samadhaanaparamaaya vibhajanathinu munganana nalki. november 13 nuu federal assembly bharanaghadanaa niyamam 541 pasaki, ithu check bhoomiyum slovakia thammilulla swath vibhajanam pariharichu. november 25nuu pasakia bharanaghadanaa niyamam 542 prakaram 1992 desember 31 vare checoslovakia pirichuvidaan avar sammathichu.
vibhajanam akramamillathe sambhavichu, athinaal athinu munbullathum vanthothilulla samadhaanaparamaaya prakadanangaliloodeyum pravarthanangaliloodeyum poortthiyaakkiyathumaaya "velvett viplavam" pole "velvett" ennu parayapettu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, kammyoonisttinu sheshamulla mattu vighadanangal (soviyatt union, yugoslavia polullava) akramasakthamaaya samgharshangalil ulppettirunnu. poornnamaayum samadhaanaparamaaya verpiriyal undaayirunna eaka muun kizhakkan block samsthaanamaanu checoslovakia. thudarnnulla varshangalil, slovakiayude sambadvyavastha budhimuttunnathinaal, slovaakkukal pirichuvidaline "sand paper vivaahamochanam" ennu visheshippikkaan thudangi.
kaaranagal.
checoslovakiayude pirichuvidalinu niravadhi kaaranagal nalkiyittundu, pradhana samvaadangal pirichuvidal anivaryamaayirunno atho 1989 leeii velvett viplavathinum 1992 ll chernna samsthaanathinte avasaanathinum idayil sambhavicha sambhavangalumayi samyojippicho allengil athil ninnu vyathyasthamaayo pirichuvidal nadanno ennathine kendreekarichaayirunnu.
anivaaryathayude nilapaadil ninnu vaadikkunnavar rund raajyangalum thammilulla vyathyaasangalilekku viral choondunnu, athu austro-hangarian saamraajyathilekkum mattu prashnangalilekkum aanu. kammyoonisathinte kaalath pankitta rajyavumaayulla prasnangal, check deshangalile samsthaanathinte vijayam, slovakkukalekkaal chekkukal samsthaanathinte nadatthippil kooduthal swaadheenam cheluthiyirunnathinaal slovac deshangalile parajayangal, nyoonapaksha veetto ulla 1968leeii bharanaghadana enniva polulla vyathyaasangal chekkukalkkum slovaakkukalkkumidayil.
1989num 1992num edayilulla sambhavangal soviyatt upagraha raashtrangalude verpiriyal, cheshya slovakia thammilulla ekeekritha maadhyamangalude abhavam, ettavum pradhanamaayi iru rajyangalileyum rashtreeya nethaakkalude pravartthanangal, pradhaanamanthrimaaraaya closse messier thammilulla abhiprayavyathyaasangal thudangiya anthaaraashtra gadakangalilekku viramikkalilekku nayichuvennu vaadikkunnavar choondikkaattunnu.
niyamaparamaaya vashangal.
deseeya chinnangal.
checoslovakiayude anki raajyam roopeekarikkunna charitraparamaaya bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradeshangalude oru gadanayaayathinaal, oro republic athintethaaya chihnam sookshichu chekkukal-simham, slovaakkukal-eratta kurish. check stenza kede domov muj, slovac stenza naad tatru zaa blisca ennee rund vyathyastha sangeetha kashanagal ulkkollunna rund bhaagangalulla dwibhasha checoslovac desheeyagaanathinum ithe thathwam baadhakamaayirunnu. checoslovac pathakayumaayi bandhappett maathramaan tharkkangal undaayath. 1992-ll checoslovakiayude pirichuvidalinekkurichu charchakalil, vladymyr messier vaklavu klausum aavashyappettathupole, checoslovakiayude samsthaana chinnangal athinte pingamikalaaya rajyangal upayogikkunnathu nirodhikkunna oru vakupp checoslovakiayude pirichuvidalinekkurichu bharanaghadanaa niyamathil chertthu.
1990 muthal 1992 vare bohemiyayude chuvappum veluppum pathaaka (poolish pathaakayil ninnu anupaathathilum swarathilum alpam maathram vyathyaasappettirikkunnu) audyogikamaayi check republicinte pathakayaayi pravarthichu. oduvil, puthiya chinnangalkkayulla thirachilinushesham, checoslovakiayude pirichuvidalinekkurichu bharanaghadanaa niyamam avaganikkaan check republic ekapaksheeyamaayi theerumaanichu (niyamathile article 3 542/1992 prasthaavichathu "check republic slovac republic athinte pirichuvidalinushesham check, slovac federative republicinte deseeya chinnangal upayogikkilla.") koodaathe checoslovac pathaaka mattappetta ardhathode nilanirthukayum cheiyunnu. athesamayam, slovakia athinte parambaraagatha pathaaka sweekarichu; ennirunnaalum, swaathanthryathinu thottumunbu, 1992 septambar 3 nuu, russiayudeyum sloveniayudeyum samanamaaya pathakakalumaayi ashayakkuzhappam undakaathirikkaan kottu oof ams chertthu.
pradesham.
deseeya pradesham nilavilulla aabhyanthara athirthikaliloode vibhajikkappettirunnuve chila sthalangalil athirthi vyakthamaayi nirvachikkappettitla, chila pradeshangalil, theruvukal, praveshana roadukal, noottaandukalaayi sahavarthithvathilundaayi communitykal enniva kadannu athirthi murichumaattunnu. ettavum gurutharamaaya prasnangal thaazhepparayunna mekhalakalilaanu sambhavichathu
paraspara charchakal, saambathika nashtapariharam, thudarnnu athirthi parishkkaranangal ulkkollunna oru anthaaraashtra udambadi ennivayiloode puthiya raajyangalkk budhimuttukal pariharikkan kazhinju.
ennirunnaalum, athirthi pradeshathu thamasikkunnatho swath kaivashamullatho aaya aalukal 2007 ll iru raajyangalum shenchan karar mekhalayil praveshikkunnathuvare praayogika prasnangal anubhavikkunnath thudarnnu, ithu athirthiyude praadhaanyam kuraykkunnu.
deseeya swath vibhajanam.
sainika upakaranangal, reyil, vimana adisthaana soukaryangal ennivayulppede checoslovakiayile check, slovac janasamkhya thammilulla ekadesha anupathamaaya rund muthal onnu vareyulla anupaathathilaanu mikka federal swathukkalum vibhajichathu. prague, federal teknolaji moolyanirnnayathil sookshichirikkunna swarnna shekharam polulla chila cheria tharkkangal pirichuvittathinu sesham kurachu varshathekku neenduninnu.
currency division.
thudakkathil, pazhaya checoslovac karansiyaaya checoslovac koroona iru raajyangalum upayogichu. saambathika nashtamundaakumenna check bhayathaal 1993 februvari 8-nuu thanne rund deseeya karansikal sweekarichu. 1993 februvari 2-nuu act nambar. 60/1993 kooll. check bharanaghadanayilum act nambarilum ithinakam anumanikkappetta prathyeka currency srishtikkunnathinaayi check republicil ithu praabalyatthil vannu. 6/1993 kooll. checoslovac nottukalil mudravechukondu athu check deseeya baank srishtichu. checoslovakia pirichuvidunnathinekkuru theerumaanam eduthathinushesham 1992-ll rahasyamaayi staambukal thayyarakkiyirunnu. 1992 desemberil reserve nottukalil chilath thiranjeduttha baankukalil rahasyamaayi mudrakuthaan thudangi. februvari 8 muthal februvari 12 vare chekkiyil mudrakuthiya 100,500,1,000 kcsukalude pazhaya nottukal kaimaattam cheyyukayum puthiya 200 kca banknot avatharippikkukayum cheythu. 15 vayassinu mukalilulla oro vyakthikkum 4,000 kireedangal vareyum 15 vayassinu thaazheyulla praayapoorthiyaakaathavarkkavar 1,000 kireedangal vareyum baanknottukal kaimaran kazhiyum. puthiya nottukal achadikkukayum achadikkukayum cheiyunnathuvare kuranja moolyamulla nottukal nilaninnirunnu. cheshyayile baankukal 1993 februvari 8 nuu ellah panavum kcsil ninnu kcaclake parivartthanam cheythu. slovakyayil baanknottukalil staambukal prayogikkukayum oru puthiya 10 ezz. keey. nanayam avatharippikkukayum cheythu. thudakkathil, karansikalkku thulya vinimaya nirakkundaayirunnu, ennaal slovac koroonayude moolyam saadhaaranayaayi check koroonayekkaal kuravaayirunnu (2004 ll, ekadesham 25-27% kuravu). 1993 august 2 nuu, rund karansikalum vyathyastha staambukalaal verthirichu, avaa aadyam pazhaya checoslovac koroona baanknottukalil ottichu achadichu. 1993ll pazhaya naanayangalkk pakaram puthiya check, slovac nanayangal vannu.
2009 januvari 1 nuu slovakia euro athinte karansiyaayi sweekarichu, exchange rettu 30.126 Sk/€, 2009 leeii 2 euroyude smaaraka naanayamaaya slovakiayude aadya naanayathil, chekkoslovaakyakkaarude janaadhipathyathinaayulla pothu pooraattatthinte smaranaykkaayi velvett viplavathinte 20-aamm vaarshikam avatharippichu. vidhi vichitramaaya oru vidhathil, eurosonilekkulla slovakiayude praveshanathodanubandhichu europian unione prathinidheekarichu sweekarana prasangam nadathiyathu check republicinte pradhaanamanthriyaaya mirek topolanekkaanu, swaabhaavikamaayum addehathinte maathrubhaashayil, ennaal mattu athidhi samsarikkunnavar engleesh upayogichirunnu. check republic check koroona allengil kireedam upayogikkunnathu thudarunnu.
anthaaraashtra niyamam.
check republico slovakia checoslovakiayude eaka pingamiyaayi amgeekaaram thediyittilla. russian ezz. eph. ezz. aarinte mathramalla, soviyatt union thanne pingamiyaayi russian federation amgeekarikkappetta soviyatt yooniyante pirichuvidalinum, serbiayude aadhipathyavum athine maathram ulkkollunna yougoslaviayude rump federal republic montenegro soshyalist federative republic oof yougoslaviayude eaka pingamiyaayi amgeekaaram aavasyappedunnathilum parajayappetta yougoslaviayude pirichuvidalinum ithu vipareethamaayi kaanavunnathaanu, bakkiyulla naalu muun-yugoslav samsthaanangal, ippol swathanthravum, janasamkhyayilum pradeshathum muun yougoslaviayude anchil moonnu bhaagavum mothatthil ulkkollunnundengil. athinaal, raajyam pirichuvittathode ikyaraashtrasabhayile checoslovakiayude amgathvam avasaanichuvenkilum 1993 januvari 19 nuu check republicineyum slovakia puthiya, prathyeka samsthaanangalaayi amgeekarichu.
mattu anthaaraashtra udambadikale sambandhichidatholam, checoslovakiayude udambadi baadhyathakale manikkaan chekkukalum slovaakkukalum sammathichu. checoslovakia oppuvachathum amgeekarichathumaaya ellah udambadikalil oru kakshiyayi thudaraanum checoslovakia pirichuvidunnathinu munbu oppuvachathum amgeekarichathumaaya udambadikal amgeekarikkaanumulla aagraham prakadippikkunnathinaayi 1993 meyy 19 nuu slovaakkukal aikyaraashtrasabhayude sekrattari generalinu oru kathu kaimari. anthaaraashtra niyamaprakaaram checoslovakia oppidukayum amgeekarikkukayum cheytha ellah udambadiyum praabalyatthil thudarumennu kathil sammathichu. udaaharanathinu, 1962ll checoslovakia karaaril oppuvacha theeyathi muthal iru raajyangalum antartic udambadiyil oppuvachathayi amgeekarikkappettittundu.
udambadikal sambandhicha raashtrangalude pinthudarchayekkurichu vienna kanvenshan iru raajyangalum amgeekarichittundengilum 1996 vare checoslovakia praabalyatthil varathathinaal athu pirichuvidunnathil oru gadakamaayirunnilla.
anantharafalangal.
sambadghadana.
anthaaraashtra vyaapaarathile bureaucrasy ulkkollunnathinayi parambaraagatha bandhangal vichedikkappettathinaal, eee pirichuvidal rund sambadvyavasthakalilum, prathyekichu 1993-ll, chila prathikoola prathyaaghaathangal srishtichu, ennaal athinte aaghaatham palarum pratheekshichathilum valare kuravaayirunnu.
check republic slovakia thammilulla oru kasttams union pirichuvidal muthal 2004 meyy 1 vare iru raajyangalum europian yooniyanil (iyu) praveshikkunnathuvare nilaninnu.
vikasithamallaatha slovakia" yeei sponsor cheyyenda aavashyamillaatha check republicil uyarnna saambathika valarchayude oru yugam pirichuvidal vegathil aarambhikkumenn pala chekkukalum pratheekshichu. athupole, mattullavar oru puthiya "saambathika kaduva" aayi maariyekkaavunna oru swathanthramaaya chooshanam cheyyappedaattha slovakia pratheekshichirunnu.
dhii prague poost" anusarichu, slovac jii. dii. pii check jii. dii. piyude 95 shathamaanathilethi, athu athinoppam samanilayilekk ethaan saadhyathayund. videshathulla pouranmaarude varumanam ulkkollunnathum bahurashtra kambanikal raajyathin puratthekku neengunna panavum kuraykkunna slovac motha deseeya uthppaadanam (gnp) chekkinekkaal kooduthalaanu. vaardhakyakaala pensionukal iru raajyangalilum eathaandu ore thalathilaanu, slovakkiyayil aalohari upabhogam alpam kooduthalaanu. ennirunnaalum, check republicine apekshichu slovakyayil sharashari 10 sathamaanam kuravaanu shambalam.
ennirunnaalum, slovac dhanamanthraalayatthinte instittyoott oof financial poolisi thalavanaaya martin philco, avarude gdpyude ettavum kuranja vihitam shambalamulla europian union rajyangalil slovakia ulppedunnuvennu choondikkaatti. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, chila aalukalude varumanam avarude pradhana thozhil ozhikeyulla srothassukalil ninnaan varunnath, ithu check, slovac shambalangal thammilulla yadhaartha vyathyasam kuraykkunnu.
euro sweekarichathinaal slovaakkukal europian yooniyante kooduthal avibhaajya gadakamaayi maarukayum banking, dhanakaarya unionukalil pankedukkaan kooduthal dridanishchayamullavaraayi maarukayum cheythu. check republicil, valathupaksham sambadvyavastha thurakkukayum idathu vibhaagam baankukal svakaaryavalkkarikkukayum videsha nikshepakare aakarshikkukayum cheythu.
2005 vare iru raajyangaludeyum jii. dii. pii. ore nirakkil valarukayaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 2005 muthal 2008 vare slovac sambadvyavastha check sambadvyavasthayekkaal vegathil valarnnu. mikulas surinda gavanmentinte valathupaksha parishkaarangalum nikshepakare aakarshicha euro sweekarikkaamenna vaagdaanavumaanu eee valarchaykku kaaranamenn saambathika vidagdhar sammathikkunnu.
ettu varshathinusesham 2006ll idathu papparaaya roobert phicoo surinda slovac pradhaanamanthriyaayi maattiyappol addeham valathupaksha parishkaarangal mithamaayi maathram kurachuvenkilum check soshyal demokraattukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi (χSSD) avaa nirthalaakkiyilla.
athesamayam, chekkukalkku naalu varshathinullil moonnu Çssd pradhaanamanthrimaarundaayinu (2002-06), thudarnnu asthiramaaya oru kendra-valathu manthrisabha, nikuthikal vettikkuraykkukayum lalithamaakkukayum cheythuvenkilum mattu parishkaarangaliloode munnott pookunnathil parajayappettu, saambathika prathisandhiyum poura janaadhipathyavaadikalude prathyayashaasthraparamaaya nilapaadum kaaranam euro sweekarikkaan avar aagrahichilla.
pourathvam.
1968leeii federalisationushesham checoslovakia check soshyalist republicinteyo slovac soshyalist republicinteyo pourathvam vibhajichu, velvett viplavathinu thottupinnaale soshyalist enna vaakk rund perukalil ninnum ozhivaakki. ennirunnaalum, aaa vyathyasam pouranmaarude jeevithathil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiyilla. 1993 januvari 1 nuu, ellah checoslovac pouranmaarum avarude muun pourathvam, sthira thaamasa vilasam, janmasthalam, kudumbabandhangal, jolie, mattu maanadandangal ennivayude adisthaanathil check republicinteyo slovac republicinteyo pouranmaaraayi. koodaathe, chila vyavasthakalkku keezhil mattu pourathvam avakashappedaan aalukalkk oru varshathe samayamundaayirunnu.
2010ll nirthalaakkunnathuvare slovac niyamanirmmanam eratta pourathvam anuvadichu (pourathwa niyamam (slovakia) kaanuka). churukkam chilar maathrame aaa avakasham prayogichittulloovenkum thozhilaallikalude sanjaaraswaathanthryamenna nilayil europian unionile iru raajyangaludeyum amgathvam europian union pouranmaarkku jolie cheyyaanum yooniyanil evideyum jeevikkanumulla avakasham urappunalkunna oru nayamayathinaal athinte praadhaanyam kurayunnu. check republic slovakia thammilulla chalanatthinte kaaryatthil, eee nayam 2004 muthal praabalyatthil vannu.
ithinu vipareethamaayi, check republic swaabhaavika pouranmaarkku eratta pourathvam nirodhichu, koodaathe check republicinte pourathvam labhikkunnathin munbu nilavilulla pourathvam (kall) upekshikkaan avar aavashyappedunnu. nilavilulla pourathvam upekshikkunnathu apekshakaneyo avarude bandhukkaleyo avarude maathrraajyathu peedanatthinu irayaakkiyekkaamenkil maathrame aaa aavasyakatha ozhivakkaan kazhiyoo, athu slovakyayil ninnulla apekshakarude kaaryatthilalla. 2013leeii puthiya pourathwa niyamathode (186/2013 sb.), 2014 januvari 1 muthal praabalyatthil. ennirunnaalum, swamedhayaa mattonn nediyathinu sesham slovac pourathvam swamedhayaa nashtappedunnathinaal mikka slovac pouranmaarkkum check republicinteyum slovakiayudeyum eratta pouranmaaraakaan ippozhum kazhiyilla (muun khandika kaanuka). oru videsha pouranumaayulla vivaahathinte adisthaanathil videsha pourathvam nedunna slovac pouranmaar maathrame aaa niyamathil ninnu ozhivaakkappettittul. chila slovac raashtreeyakkaar pourathvam niyamam laghookarikkunnathinekkur maadyamangalil oohaapohangal nadathiyittundengilum 2015 januvari vare oru maattavum undayittilla.
iru rajyangalileyum pouranmaarkku pasportinu pakaram aidi card upayogichu athirthi kadakkaan anuvaadam nalkukayum audyogika anumathi vaangaathe evideyum jolie cheyyaan anuvaadam nalkukayum cheythu. 2007 desember 21nuu iru raajyangalum shenchan karaaril chernnappol athirthi parisodhanakal poornnamaayum neekkam cheythu.
nilavile europian chattangal prakaram, iru rajyangalileyum pouranmaarkku mattethenkilum europian union raajyathinte nayatantra samrakshanathinu arhathayund, athinaal chelavu kuraykkunnathinu iruvarum thangalude embassykale wiesgrad groupile rajyangalumaayi layippikkunnath pariganikkunnu.
roma janatha.
pirichuvidal samayat pariharikkappedaatha prashnangalilonn innathe slovakyayil janikkukayum audyogikamaayi rajisttar cheyyukayum cheytha check republicil thamasikkunna dhaaraalam roman vamshajarude chodyamaayirunnu. pirichuvidunnathinu munbulla maasangalil avaril bhooribhaagavum avarude audyogika thaamasasthalam veendum rajisttar cheythilla, athinaal avarude pourathvam sambandhicha chodyam thurannukidannu. 1992 leeii check deseeyatha niyamam check pradeshathu janichavarkku maathram yaanthrika pourathvam anuvadichu. mattullavarkk, pourathvam nedaanulla avakaashathinu anchu varshathe thaamasa kaalayalav, "ethirkkaanaavaatha" criminal record, ganyamaaya phees, sankeernamaaya bureaucratic prakriya ennivayude thelivu aavasyamaanu, ithu romayude valiyoru shathamaanathe ozhivaakkiyathaayi reportund.
pravaasikalkk pourathvam nalkaan slovac sarkkar aagrahichilla. check anaadhaalayangalil thamasikkunna ganyamaaya ennam romacarc avarude niyamaparamaaya padavi vyakthamakkiyittilla, koodaathe check republicil jolie cheyyaano jeevikkano avakaashamillathe muthirnna pouranmaarallaathavarenna nilayil paricharanatthil ninnu mochippikkappettu. europian yooniyante sammarddathethudarnnu, 1999lum 2003lum check sarkkar athinte deseeyatha niyamathil bhedagathikal varuthi, athu prashnam phalapradamaayi pariharichu, ennaal 1992ll raajyamillaathavarkk nashtapariharam nalkiyittilla.
bhasha sanbarkkangal.
muun checoslovakiayil, aadyathe television chaanal oru federal chaanalaayirunnu, check, slovac bhashakal avidatthe television vaarthakalil thulya anupaathathil upayogichirunnuvenkilum videsha sinimakalum television parambarakalum mikkavarum chekkilekku maathram dabbu cheyyappettu. rund bhaashakalum valare samanamaanenna vastutha iru rajyangalileyum mikkavarum ellah aalukaleyum nishkriyamaayi dwibhasha aakki avarkk manassilakkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu, pakshe avarkk mattu bhasha samsaarikkendathilla. 1990-kalil pirichuvittathinushesham, check republicile puthiya television chaanalukal slovac upayogikkunnathu praayogikamaayi nirtthi, check janathaykku ippol slovakkinekkurichu valare kuranja daaranayundu. koodaathe, check republicil vilkkunna slovac bhasha pusthakangaludeyum pathrangaludeyum ennavum ganyamaayi kuranju. ennirunnaalum, check television vaarthakal slovakkiyayil ninnu slovac bhasha kavarej veendum avatharippikkan thudangi, slovac television (ezz. tii. vii. 2) ardharaathrikku patthu minitt kazhinju check television nyoos kaast "udalosti Çt" divasena veendum prakshepanam cheiyunnu.
slovakiayile pothu radioyilum televisionilum prime time vaarthakalil check republicil ninnu kuranjathu oru dainamdina warta prakshepanamenkilum nadathunnathu saadhaaranamaanu. koodaathe, slovac television chaanalukalile niravadhi paripaadikal ippozhum chekkilekku dabbu cheyyappedunnu, sinimaashaalakalile chila sinimakal check bhashayil upasheershakangal nalkiyittundu, koodaathe pirichuvidunnathinu munbullathinekkaal kooduthal check bhasha pusthakangalum aanukaalikangalum vipaniyil undu. check republicilum thirichum slovac chaanalukal vaagdaanam cheiyunna cs link (check republic), skye link (slovakia) thudangiya swakaarya television chaanal daathaakkalil ninnaan bhasha kaimattatthinu pradhana uthejanam labhichathu. koodaathe, niravadhi chaanalukal, avayude deseeya uthbhavam pariganikkathe, check, slovac (cs philim, tivi barandov) bhashakalil paripaadikal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu allengil engleesh premiier leaginte tivi novayude nova sports kavarej poleyo mixes cheiyunnu. television vazhi varunna paraspara sanbarkkangalilekkulla puthiya prachodanangal raajyangalude intelligence testt, checoslovakiayude gutt taalant, prima, tivi joj, checko-slovac soopparstaar enniva prakshepanam cheiyunna mukhammoodi gaayakan, randaamathethu tivi novayum markisa (randum cmeyude udamasthathayilullava) prakshepanam cheiyunna poppu aidil gaana malsarathinte aadya anthaaraashtra pathippaanu, ithu 2012 ll maastarchefinteyum shabdathinteyum samyuktha pathippukal samghadippichu. koodaathe, 2009 leeii puthuvalsara paripadi χt, STV enniva samyukthamaayi thayyarakkukayum prakshepanam cheyyukayum cheythu, 2010 ll check tivi primayum slovac tivi jojum chernnu, ithavana checoslovac deseeyagaanam aalapikkunnath ulppede.
yuva slovac janangalkk ippozhum avarude mungaamikaleppole chekkinekkurichulla athe arivu undu, allengil mikachathalla. slovakyayil, check ippozhum ellah judicial nadapadikalilum yaanthrikamaayi upayogikkaam, koodaathe chekkil ezhuthiya ellah rekhakalum slovac adhikaarikalum thirichum amgeekarikkunnu. koodaathe, 2009-ll pasakia slovac audyogika bhasha niyamam, slovac adhikaarikalumaayi edapedumbol ellah audyogika ashayavinimayangalilum chekkukalkku avarude bhasha upayogikkaanulla avakasham veendum sthireekarichu, ennirunnaalum slovakiayile check bhasha avarude maathrbhaashayaayi check ulla vyakthikalkk maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu. 2004 leeii administration prosegior act kaaranam check republicil slovac upayogikkunnathinte kaaryatthilum ithu sariyaanu. check gathagatha manthriyaayirunna (2009-2010) slovac pouranaaya gustav slamekka, thante audyogika ashayavinimayathil slovac maathram upayogichu.
slovac, check bhashakal thammilulla vyathyaasangalum kaanuka.
kaayika.
sweedenil nadanna 1993 leeii loka juuniyar aise hockey chaambyanshippinte madhyathilaanu audyogika verpiriyal nadannathu. checoslovakia prathinidheekarikkunna teamine januvari 1 nuu "check-slovac" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. anthaaraashtra aise hockey toornamentukalil, check republic eiii-grouppukalil checoslovakiayude sthaanam etteduthu, slovakiaykku thaazhnna divisionukalil aarambikkendivannu.
1993ll sweedante faalanil nadanna phis nordic loka skee chaambyanshippil, skee jumping team oru samyojitha check-slovakia teamaayi team large hill evantil malsarikkukayum velli nedukayum cheythu. pirichuvidunnathinu munbu teamine thiranjedutthirunnu. jaroslav sakala aaa geyimukalil check republicinaayi vyakthigatha hill enangalil rund medalukalum team inathil velliyum nedi.
1994leeii fifa lokakappinulla yogyathaa vibhaagathil checoslovakia deseeya football team arcs enna peril malsarichu, ithu "chekkukaarudeyum slovakkukaludeyum praathinidhyam" ennaanu. pinneedu ithu audyogikamaayi check, slovac deseeya teamukalaayi vibhajikkapettu. yogyatha nedunnathinu jayikkenda malsaramaaya beljiyathinethiraaya avasana malsarathil samanila maathram nediyathinu sesham team yogyatha nedunnathil parajayappettu.
pala kaayika enangalilum iru rajyangalileyum deseeya teamukal thammilulla paraspara ettumuttalukal janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum pinthudarunnu, mattu republicil sajeevamaaya kalikkaarudeyum parisheelakarudeyum ennam pradhaanamaan. slovac handball pariseelakanaaya martin liptaakk, 2010 ll austriyayil nadanna handball europian chaambyanshippilekku check deseeya teamine vijayakaramaayi nayichu. addehathinte parisheelanatthin keezhil oru slovac team, tatran presov, 2008lum 2009lum check deseeya leag nedi. semiphinalil check teamine paraajayappeduthi check aise hockey coach vladymyr vojtek slovac deseeya teamine 2012 ihhf loka chaambyanshippil vellimedal nedi.
niravadhi kaayika enangalil oru pothu leag avatharippichittundu, oru pothu football allengil aise hockey leag nadathunnathinekkurichu charchakal thudarunnu.
rooad saikkil yaathrikanaaya jaann sworada 1993-ll slovac pourathvam nedi. 1994-ll touur dii france steju nedunna aadya slovac raidarayi addeham maari. rund varshathinu sesham, addeham check pourathvam nedukayum 1998 ll mattoru touur dii france ghattam nedunna aadya check raidarayi maarukayum cheythu.
telecommunication.
1997 februvari vare rund pingamikalaaya samsthaanangal + 42 enna raajya coode upayogikkunnathu thudarnnu, athinusesham rund vyathyastha kodukal upayogichu check republicinu + 420 umm slovakiaykku + 421 umm. athinusesham iru raajyangalum thammilulla telephone kolukalkku anthaaraashtra dialing aavasyamaanu.
paarambaryamaayi.
hitaparisodhana vivaadangal.
pirichuvittathinu thottupinnaale, pothu samthrupthi thaarathamyena thaazhnna nilayilaayirunnu, athirthiyude iruvashathumulla janasamkhyayude uyarnna vihitam, masrack sarvakalaashaalayile politologist lubomir copesec vivarichathupole, pothu raashtrathinte pirichuvidal oru votteduppilekku konduvannilla enna vasthuthayil prathishedhichu. martin batora bhaarya sorayum 1993 maarchil nadatthiya oru padanatthil oru hitaparisodhana nadannaal janasamkhyayude 50 sathamaanam perr samsthaanam pirichuvidunnathine ethirthu vottu cheiyumaayirunnu, 30 sathamaanam perr maathramaan pirichuvidaline anukoolichathu.
muun slovac saamskaarika mantri marek magaric 2023 januvariyil, oru hitaparisodhanayillaathe pirichuvidunnathu checoslovac charithratthil oru hitaparisodhanayillaathe theerumaanicha charitraparamaaya aachaaratheyum bharanaghadanaaparamaaya manyamaaya kaaryangalude paarambaryatheyum prathifalippikkunnuvennu choondikkaatti. 1918ll austriya-hangariyude avashishtangalil ninnu aadyathe checoslovac republicinte roopeekaranavum randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinusesham 1945ll samrakshitha raajyavum slovac raajyavum veendum onnichu moonnaamathe republic roopeekarikkukayum cheythath aaa kaalaghattatthile rashtreeya prathinidhikale pinthudarnnukondu mathramaayirunnu.
pothu thiranjeduppu.
pirichuvidalinekkurichu pothubodham valia mattamonnum varuthiyittilla, 2017 desemberile oru votteduppil 42 sathamaanam chekkukalum 40 sathamaanam slovaakkukalum maathramaan sambhavichathinodu yojikkunnathenn kaanikkunnu (1992 leeii yathaakramam 36 sathamaanavum 37 sathamaanavum). 2010 leeii sarvekal kaanikkunnath praagile (chekkukal) janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum ippozhum raajyathinte vibhajanathe oru thettayi kanakkakkunnu; athupole, slovakiayile (2008 muthal) pothu prathinidhi sarway kaanikkunnath samooham ippozhum pirichuvidalinekkurichu abhipraayathil bhinnichirikkukayaanenum 47 sathamaanam pirichuvidaline anukoolikkukayum 44 sathamaanam athu thettayi kanakkaakkukayum cheiyunnu.
pinthirippan chalanagal.
2018 oode oru hitaparisodhana nadatthaan sramikkunnathinaayi 2015 ll "checoslovakia 2018" enna slovac prasthaanam sthaapikkappettu. athinte nethaavu ladislav selinga, pinthunakkaaril ninnu aayirakkanakkin imeyilukalum kolukalum labhichathayi paranju, pakshe aavashyamaaya 350,000 nivedana oppukalil ethaan kazhinjilla. iru rajyangalileyum yuvathalamurakal eee prashnathodu valiyathothil nissamgatha pulartthunnu, kaaranam avar munkaalakhattam anubhavichittilla, pazhaya thalamurakal kudiyettam polulla innathe prasnangalil kooduthal shradha kendreekarikkukayum avarude swantham prathyeka deseeyathaye anukoolikkukayum cheiyunnu.
sarkkar sahakaranm.
rajyangal thammilulla rashtreeya swaadheenangal valare kuravaanengilum sameepa varshangalil saamoohika janaadhipathyavaadikal praadeshika, europian vishayangalil valare aduthu sahakarikkunnu. koodaathe, thiranjedukkappetta prasidantumaar avarude bharanakaalathu muun checoslovakiayile mattoru republicilekku avarude aadyatheyum avasaanatheyum audyogika videsha sandarshanangal nadathunnathu pathivaayitheernnirikkunnu. niyukta videshakaarya mantrimar aaa alikhitha niyamam pinthudarunna pravanatha kaanikkunnu. 1918 october 28 nuu nadanna checoslovakiayude swaathanthrya prakhyaapanatthinte smaranaykkaayi 2012 october 29 nuu check, slovac sarkkarukal aadyamaayi pothu athirthikkaduthulla trensin, uherzke hraadiste kammyoonittikalil oru samyuktha kaabinat yogam nadatthi.
sainika sahakaranm.
koodaathe, muun yugoslaviayil nilayurappichirunna samadhana senaye niravadhi avasarangalil samyuktha commandinu keezhil nirtthi. udaaharanathinu, 2002 muthal 2005 juulai vare, check sayudha seena slovac republicinte sayudha senayumaayi chernnu kosovoyil oru samyuktha check-slovac kephore bataaliyan roopeekarichu, ithu bahurashtra brigade sentarinu sambhavana nalki. 
vyapaaravum vinodasanchaaravum.
vyapara bandhangal punasthaapikkukayum sthiratha kaivarikkukayum cheythu, check republic slovakiayude ettavum pradhanappetta bisinesses pankaliyaayi thudarunnu. oru cheria thadassathinu sesham, carpathian parvathanirakalile slovakkiyayude resortukal, prathyekichu uyarnna thaathrakalum thaazhnna thaathrakalum veendum vardhichuvarunna check vinodasanchaarikalude lakshyasthaanamaan.
anusmaranangal.
avasaanathe checoslovac (aadyathe check) presidentaaya vaclav haavelinte maranathethudarnnu 2011 desember 18nuu check republic slovakia oru deseeya dukhaacharanam aacharichu. pragues sent enna sthalathulla shavasamskara kurbbaanaykkide. vidus cathedral, praarthanakal chekkilum slovakkilum thulya anupaathathil paarayanam cheyyappettu.