
kosaakkukalude charithram

kosaakkukalude charithram niravadhi noottaandukalaayi vyaapichukidakkunnu.
aadyakaala charithram.
niravadhi sidhaanthangal kosaakkukalude uthbhavathekkurich oohaapohangal nadathunnu. oru sidhaanthamanusarichu, kosaakkukalkk slavik uthbhavamund, mattoru sidhaantham 1710 leeii pylipe oorlikkinte ghadana khaasar uthbhavam saakshyappeduthunnu. aadhunika pandithanmaar vishwasikkunnathu kosaakkukalkk slavik, turkeek uthbhavangalundennaan. pulmedukalileyum kattileyum janangalkk ellaayppozhum oru "sajeeva athirthi" aavasyamaanennu academic vidagthanaaya ivaan sabelin paraamarshichu, koodaathe purathana borispheniteukalum (dneeper skythians) thaanaittukalum polum kosaakkukalude mungaamikalaayirikkaam, seviyar, goth, skaithiyan, mattu purathana nivaasikal ennivare ulppeduthiya/ulppeduthiya khasaarukal mathramalla, kosak naadodikkadhakal, pylipe oorlikkinte bharanaghadana, niravadhi kosak charitrakaaranmaar ennivar nirddeshichu. chuvannavarum bolshevik virudha shakthikalum prathyeka cosac vamseeyatha nishedhikkendathinte aavasyakatha kaaranam, parambaraagatha poost-imperial charithralekhanam 14-15 noottaandukalil kosaakkukalude aavirbhaavathe kanakkakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, mukhyadharaa ithara sidhaanthangal 948-aamm theeyathi saamraajyathva charithralekhanathil ninnu kadameduthittundu, koodaathe patthaam noottaandile munkaala cosac asthithvam aaropikkunnu, ennaal "pazhaya aalukal" (khasaarukal), "puthiya aalukal" (russiakkaarum ukrainiyakkaarum; pathinonnam noottaandile metropolittan ilaariyon oof keevu srishticha "pazhaya aalukal", "puthiya aalukal" ennee padangal, 948-neey prathyekamaayi "kasak" allengil "kasak" enna nethaavinte keezhil steppi nivaasikal aadhunika kuban mekhalayile khasaarukale paraajayappedutthukayum "kasakia" allengil "kosakia" enna oru samsthaanam samghadippikkukayum cheytha varshamaayi paraamarsikkunnu.
kosaakkukal pradhaanamaayum kizhakkan adimakalaayirunnu. pathinanjaam noottaandil, ukraine, russia, bellarus ennividangaliloode ozhukunna nipro nadiyil thaamasichirunna ardha-swatantra taattar grouppukale eee padam yadhaarthathil vivarichu.
eshya muthal thekkan europe vare vyaapichukidakkunna vishalamaaya pulmedukaliloode sthirathaamasamaakkukayo kadannupokukayo cheytha russiakkaar, khasaarukal, ukreniyakkaar, thaathaarukal, mattullavar ennivaril ninnu uthbhavicha mishra vamseeya uthbhavam kosak janathaykku undaayirunnuvennu chila charitrakaaranmaar abhipraayappedunnu.
aadhunika ukreniyan raashtrathinte sthaapanathilekku nayikkunna rashtranirmmaana prakriyakalkku utharavaadikalaanennu kosaakkukalum avayude ardha-samsthaanangalaaya saporosian sichum polullava ukrainile charitrakaaranmaaraaya tymothy snider, serhi pooliye kanakkakkunnu.
vadakkan chainees athirthikalkku sameepam bhaagikamaayi uthbhavich taamasiyaathe padinjaaran cyberiayilekku marria kipchaakkukalil ninnaan kumaniayude kosaakkukal uthbhavichathenn chila thurkkolajistukal vaadikkunnu. pinneedu avar kooduthal padinjaaru trans-volga mekhalayilekku (innathe padinjaaran kazakhstan) kudiyeri. pathinonnam noottaandil avar oduvil thekkupadinjaaran russiayileyum ukrainileyum karinkadalinu vadakkulla steppi pradeshathu ethi. avaa aadhunika kasakhukalumaayi adutha bandhamullavayaan.
aadyakaala russian sainyam kuthirasavaari kazhivukalkk kosaakkukale valareyadhikam prashamsichu. karutha klobakkukale pezhsanal gaardukalaayi niyamichathu pole thanne russian, ukreniyan yudhaprabhukkanmaar palareyum kuthirappadayayi niyamichu.
1400 nuu sesham charitraparamaaya vivaranagalil kosaakkukal oru sthaapithavum thirichariyaan kazhiyunnathumaaya groupaayi uyarnnuvannu. moscoyile grand dachiyileyum poolish-lithwanian komanveltthileyum bharanadhikaarikal innathe thekkupadinjaaran russiayileyum thekkan ukrainileyum pradeshangalil thekk ninnulla taattar reydukalkkethire mobail gaardukalaayi kosaakkukale niyamichu. avarude perukalude rekhakal anusarichu, eee aadyakaala kosaakkukalil ganyamaaya ennam taattar pingaamikal ulppettittundennu thonnunnu. pathinanjaam noottaandinte madhyam muthal, kosaakkukale kooduthalum slavik perukalilaanu paraamarshikkunnath.
aaa kaalaghattatthile ellah charithrarekhakalum kosak samoohathe swatantra samoohangalude oru ayanja federationaayi vivarikkunnu, palappozhum mattu rajyangalil ninnu (polandu, ukraine, russia, kazakhstan, mangolia allengil thaathaarukal polullava) poornnamaayum vyathyasthavum kooduthalum swathanthravumaaya oru sainika swabhaavathinte valia unitukalaayi layipikkunnu.
pathinaram noottaandil kosak samoohangal thaarathamyena swathanthramaaya rund praadeshika samghadanakal srishtichu
doonn kosaakkukal.
aaa kaalaghattatthile niravadhi charithrarekhakal russiayile doonn kosaakkukale savisheshamaaya yoddhaa samskaaramulla oru paramadhikaara vamseeya-saamskaarika janathayayi paraamarsikkunnu. pradhana varumaana srothassukalaayi kosaakkukal avarude ayalkkarkkethire reydukalum kollayadikkalukalum nadatthi. ithinakam thanne 1444-ll ryaasaanile kosaakkukale suvarnna samghathinte unitukalkkethire pereslav-saleskiyude prathirodhakaraayi paraamarsikkukayum 1502-ll russiayile ivaan III-nte kathil doonn nadikku chuttumulla pradesham 1480-ll suvarnna samgham veenathinushesham crimean padinjaaru bhaagathinum nogaay kizhakk bhaagathinum idayil vibhajikkukayum cheythu. doonn mekhalayile vishalamaaya steppi olichodiya serfukalaal adhivasichirunnu, swaathanthryathinaayi kothichavar, nilavilulla saamoohika kramatthil samthruptharallaatha aalukalaal. kaalakramena, doonn kosaakkukalude samskaaram oru ekeekritha samoohamaayi roopeekarikkappedukayum avaye "kosaakkukal" ennu vilikkukayum cheythu.
mattu ayal samoohangale kollayadikkunnathil ninnu avar ozhinjumaariyillenkilum ottoman saamrajyathinum athinte saamanthanmarkkum (thaathaarukaleppole) nereyulla aakramanangalkk doonn kosaakkukal ariyappedunnu. avarude pravartthanangal poolish-lithwanian komanveltthinte (cressy) thekkan athirthiyile pirimurukkam vardhippikkukayum komanveltthinte eathaandu muzhuvan nilanilppilum aaa pradeshangalil mikkavarum nirantharamaaya thaazhnna thalatthilulla yudhathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheythu.
1538ll ochakivu kottayile aakramanathode karinkadalil avarude aadyathe naavika raid rekhappeduthappettu. ithinethudarnnu mattidangalil kooduthal pathivaayathum mikacha reethiyil samghadithavumaaya reydukal nadannu, kristhyan adimakale mochippikkunnathum kollayadikkunnathum pradhana lakshyangalilonnaan. avarude vijayam marpappa ulppedeyulla padinjaaran europian shakthikalude shradha aakarshikkukayum avar thurkkukalkkethire samyuktha samrambhangal aarambhikkaamenna pratheekshayil nayatantra nirddeshangal nadathukayum cheythu. 1539ll russiayile grand prins vasily moonnaaman ottomaan sultanode kosaakkukale thadayaan aavasyappedukayum sultan marupadi nalkukayum cheythu "kosaakkukal ennodu kooru kaanikkunnillenn sathyaprathinja cheiyunnu, avar thangaludethaaya reethiyil jeevikkunnu."1549-ll russiayile saar, ivaan dhii daring, doonn kosaakkukalude aakramanathmaka pravartthanangal avasaanippikkanamenna turkish sulthaante abhyarthanaykku marupadi nalki," "doninte kosaakkukal ente prajakalalla, avar yudhathinu pookunnu allengil ente arivillaathe samaadhaanathode jeevikkunnu"."
poolish-lithwanian komanvelthu.
russia, automans, komanvelthu enniva thammil samanamaaya kaimattangal nadannu; avayil oronnum palappozhum kosaakkukalude yudhaprachaaranathe swantham aavasyangalkkaayi upayogikkaan shramichu. kosaakkukal ellaavareyum eathaandu thulyamaayi kollayadikkunnathil santhushtaraayirunnu. 16 muthal 17 vare noottaandukalil, saporoijan kosaakkukal aadyam lithwaniayile grand dachiyudeyum pinneedu poolish-lithwanian komanveltthinte lubelin yooniyanteyum vishayangalayi.
chaikki" ennariyappedunna cheruthum aazhamillathathum valare thanthrapradhaanavumaaya gaalikal upayogichu avaa karinkadalinu kuruke athivegam neengi. kosaakkukalude swantham rekhakal anusarichu, 50 muthal 70 vare jeevanakkaare vahikkunna eee kappalukalkk naalpat manikorinullil neeppar nadiyude mukhathu ninnu eshya mainarinte anatolian theerathu ethaan kazhiyum. command aandu kantrol sentarukalaayi pravartthikkunna valia gaalikal palappozhum "chaikki" ykkoppam undaayirunnu. europian raajyangalude pinthunayode aathidheyare oru ukreniyan raashtrathinte kendramaakki maattaan uddeshichukondu 1613-ll petro konashevichu-sahaidachni "hetmaan" aayathin sesham reydukal oru prathyeka rashtreeya uddeshyavum nedi.
1618 aayappozhekkum shaidachni thante adikaarasthaanam poolish kireedatthinte praadeshika thalasthaanamaaya keevilekku mattiyathinaal saporotians turkey virudha leagile amgangalaayirunnu.
kadalil pookunna kosaakkukalude poratta gunangal automan charitrangalil polum prashamsikkappettu "lokamembaadum oraalkk avarude jeevanekkurichu kooduthal ashradhayo maranathekkurichulla bhayam kuravo ulla oru janataye kandethaan kazhiyillennu oraalkk surakshithamaayi parayaan kazhiyum; naavika yudhangalile avarude naipunyavum dhairyavum kaaranam eee baandukal mattethoru shathruvinekkaalum apakadakaramaanennu naavigeshanil praaveenyamulla vyakthikal avakaashappedunnu." 
1615-ll aakramanakaarikal turkey thalasthaanathe paraamarshichathupole sarhorodinte mathilukalilekku kappal kayari, misevna, archaeoca thuramukhangal kollayadichu. 1616 leeii vasanthakaalath, darezan dweep uparodhikkanum kosaakkukalkk kadalilekkulla praveshanam nishedhikkaanum thurkkikal nadatthiya sramam parajayappettu. aakramanakaarikal ellah adimakaleyum mochippicha sesham kathichukalanja kapha pidichadakki. athe varsham thanne kizhakkan anatoliayile trebisond pidichedukkukayum nasippikkukayum cheythu. sultan ahamed onnaaman thante kappalpadaye neepparilekku pinthudaraan ayachu; ennaal veettilekku pookunnathinupakaram kosaakkukal orikkal koodi konstantinoppilikka kappal kayari, avide avar ozhivusamayangalil raid cheythu, oru vivaranam anusarichu topcapy kottaaratthiloode polum aakramichu. 1620ll orikkal, 1624ll kuranjathu moonnu thavana enningane naalu thavana koodi nagaram raid cheyyappettu.
1624 nuu sesham, muppath varshathe yuddham polulla samgharshangalil oru vashathum matte vashathum pooraadunna kosaakkukal avarude ayodhana oorjjam kooduthal kooduthal karaa-adhishtitha prachaaranangalkkayi viniyogikkaan thudangiyathinaal saporosian reydukal kramena illaathaayi. polandilum litwaniayilum ninnulla kudiyettatthode avarude ennam vardhichu. professional sainika kosaakkukalude rajistriyil ulppeduthunnathinulla prabhukkalayi saporosian kosaakkukale kanakkaakkunnathil paraajayappettath komanvelthodulla kosaakkukalude vishwasthathaye illaathaakki. slaachthaykk thulyamaayi amgeekarikkaanulla kosak sramangal nirasikkappedukayum rund raajyangalude komanveltthine (poolish-lithwanian) moonnu rajyangalaayi (kosaakkukal/ruthenian janathayodoppam) parivartthanam cheyyaanulla padhathikal nyoonapaksha veekshanathil parimithappedutthukayum cheythu. 1648leeii aabhyantharayudhathinusham (allengil poolish kazhchappadil ninnulla kalapam) 1649ll saporosian aathidheyar ukraininte chila bhaagangalude niyanthranam nedi, ennirunnaalum thudarnnulla pathittaandukalil avar poolish raajaavine amgeekarichu.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil komanveltthinethire niravadhi cosac kalapangal nadannu. avayil ettavum valuth komanveltthinte suvarnnakaalakhattam avasaanippicha sambhavangalilonnayi kanakkaakkappedunna pralayam ulppetta khemelnitski kalapamaayirunnu. eee prakshobham kosaakkukale komanvelthu swaadheena mekhalayil ninnu akatti, periyaslav udambadi (1654) prakaram russiayude sardominu vidheyaraakkukayum 1667 ll andrusovo udambadikkum 1686 leeii shaashwatha samadhana udambadikkum keezhil idathu-theera ukrainaayi avarude raajyam sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
ukraine saarist russia.
eee ghattathinu sesham, saporosian aathidheyarude cosac raashtrathe russian samsthaanathinullil rund ardha svayambharana republicukalaayi vibhajichu neepparinte idathu theerathulla hetmaanatt, thekk kooduthal swathanthramaaya saporosia. russian kolaniyaaya sloboda ukrainilum oru cosac samghadana sthaapikkappettu.
eee samghadanakalkku kramena swaathanthryam nashtappedukayum pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathode catherine randaaman nirthalaakkukayum cheythu. hetmaanatt cheria russiayudeyum sloboda ukraine khaarkiv pravisyayudeyum gavarnarshippaayi maari. thalasthaanamaaya sitch, ukraine thalasthaanangalaaya chigirin, baattoorin ennivaykku samaanamaayi onniladhikam thavana nasippikkukayum mattippaarppikkukayum cheythappol saporolia puthiya russiayilekku agiranam cheyyappettu.
thangalude jeevitashaili thudaraan aagrahicha kosaakkukal onnukil danubile automan, allengil austriyan niyantritha pradeshangalilekko allengil bugg aandu dineestaril jeevichathinusheshavum kuban mekhalayilekko neengi, avide avar innuvare thaamasikkunnu (kuban kosaakkukal kaanuka)
saarist russia russian saamrajyavum.
"eee vibhaagam yadhaarthathil 1911 leeii encyclopedia britanikkayil ninnaan uruthirinjathu". ""
russian saamraajyathil kosaakkukal 11 vyathyastha cosac voyiskokal roopeekarichu, athirthikalil sthirathaamasamaakki doonn kosaakkukal, kuban kosaakkukal, terrech kosaakkukal, aastrakhaan kosaakkukal, yooral kosaakkukal, orenberg kosaakkukal, cyberian kosaakkukal, semiraichensk kosaakkukal, bikel kosaakkukal, amur kosaakkukal, usuri kosaakkukal. koodaathe, crasnoyarskilum irkutskilum cheria ennam kosaakkukal undaayirunnu, avar 1917 ll aabhyanthara manthraalayathinte yenisi kosak hosttum irkutsk kosak rejimentum roopeekarichu. "staanitsa" allengil graamam eee samghadanayude praadhamika yoonit roopeekarichu. oro 'sthaanitsa' yum avarude bhoomi oru communaayi nilanirthukayum oru nischitha vaadaka nalkunnathinaayi kosaakkukal allaathavare (juthanmaar ozhike) eee bhoomiyil sthirathaamasamaakkaan anuvadikkukayum cheythekkaam. 30ll thaazhe veedukalulla graamangalile ellah veettammaarudeyum 30 muthal 300 vare veedukalulla graamangalile thiranjedukkappetta 30 purushanmaarudeyum (kooduthal janasamkhyayulla 10 veedukalil oronnil ninnu oraal) othucheralaanu gramasabha roopeekarichathu. eee assembly "mirr" ennathinodu saamyamullathaayirunnu, pakshe vishalamaaya savisheshathakalundaayirunnu athu nikuthikal vilayiruthukayum bhoomi vibhajikkukayum schoolukal, grama daanyakkadakal, saamudaayika krishi thudangiyavayude thurakkunnathinum pinthunaykkunnathinumalla nadapadikal sweekarikkukayum athinte athman (nethaavu), jadjimaare thiranjedukkukayum cheythu, avar 1911 leeii "encyclopedia britanica" "10 poundu" "(allengil irupakshathinteyum sammathathode aaa thukaykku mukalil) nalkunna thuka vare ellah tharkkangalum pariharichu.
18 vayass muthal ellah kosak purushanmarkkum 20 varsham sainika sevanam nadathendivannu. avar avarude aadya moonnu varsham praadhamika vibhaagathilum adutha 12 varsham sajeeva sevanathilum avasana anchu varsham reservilum chelavazhichu. oro kosakinum svanthamaayi unifom, upakaranangal, kuthira (kayatti nirthukayaanenkil) enniva vaangendivannu, sarkkar aayudangal maathram vitharanam cheythu.
sajeeva sevanathilulla kosaakkukale praayathinanusarichu moonnu thulya bhagangalaayi vibhajichu, aadya moonnaamathethu (ekadesham praayam <aii. dii. 1>) maathramaan saadhaaranayaayi sajeeva sevanam nirvahichathu, bakkiyullava phalapradamaayi reserveukalaayi pravartthikkukayum, veettil thanne pravartthikkukayum ennaal hraswa ariyippil march outtu cheyyaan baadhyastharaakukayum cheythu. ellah cosac voyiskokalkkum avarudethaaya ozhivukalulla allengil offeesarmaarude gradukalulla noonn-kammeeshand cosac officermaar ulla sainika skoolukalil ninnaan udyogasthar vannath. eee sevanathinu pakaramaayi oro voyaskoykkum prathyekamaayi kosakkukalkku samsthaanathu ninnu ganyamaaya bhoomi graantukal labhichu.
1893ll kosaakkukalude motham janasamkhya <aii. dii. 4> aayirunnu (<aii. dii. 1> sthreekal ulppede), koodaathe avarkk ekadesham <aii. dii. 2> ekkar (593,000 chathurashra kilometer) bhoomiyundaayirunnu, athil <aii. dii. 5> ekkar (425,000 chathurashra kilometer) krishiyogyamaaya bhoomiyum <aii. dii. 3> ekkar (38,000 chathurashra kilometer) vanangalkk keezhilum ulppedunnu. oro 'sthaanitsa' yum bhoomiyude oru vihitam niyanthrichu, oro athmaavinum 81 ekkar (328,000 chathurashra meter) nirakkil vibhajichu, udyogastharkku prathyeka graantukal (avaril chilarkk vyakthigathamayi, pensionukalkku pakaramaayi), bhoomiyude moonnilonnu bhaaviyilekkulla karuthal shekharamaayi avasheshikkunnu. vividha srothassukalil ninnum (vyapara pettantukal, kadakalude vaadaka, malsyabandhanam, swarnna kuzhichedukkunnathinulla permittukal muthalaayava) bhoomiyil ninnu (avar vividha vyakthikalkk vaadakaykku nalkia) cosac voyiskokalkku labhicha varumanam.), koodaathe sarkkaaril ninnu avarkk labhicha subsidikalil ninnum (1893 ll ekadesham 712,500 poundu), samsthaana, praadeshika bharanathinte ellah chelavukalum vahikkaan pooyi. koodaathe, avarkk ekadesham £1 prathyeka karuthal mooladhanam undaayirunnu. grama nikuthikal graamabharanatthinte chelavu ulkkollunnu. oro voyiskoyilum prathyeka pothubharanamundaayirunnu, vyathyastha voyiskokalkkullil bharanasamvidaanangal vyathyasthamaayirunnu. oro voyaskoyudeyum prathinidhikal adangunna kendra bharanakoodam, yuddha manthraalayathil, kosaakkukale badhikkunna ellah puthiya niyamangaludeyum nirddeshangal charcha cheythu.
yudhasamayathu patthu cosac voyiskokalkku 890 kuthirakalulla sotnia allengil schwadronukal (125 perr veetham), 108 kaalaalppada sotnia allengil kambanikal (125 perr veetham), 4267 offeesarmaareyum 177,100 purushanmareyum prathinidheekarikkunna 236 thokkukal, 170,695 kuthirakalumayi nalkendivannu. samaadhaanakaalath avar 314 schwadronukalum 54 kaalaalppada sotniyakalum 108 thokkukalulla 20 baattarikalum (2574 officermaar, 60,532 purushanmaar, 50,054 kuthirakal) sookshichu. mothatthil, onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte thalennu kosaakkukalil 328,705 perr aayudangal edukkaan thayyarayirunnu.
chattam pole, kosaakkukalkkidayile janakeeya vidyaabhyaasam russian saamraajyathinte backie bhaagangale apekshichu uyarnna nilayilaayirunnu. avarkk kooduthal schoolukal undaayirunnu, avarude kuttikalil valiyoru vibhaagam skoolukalil pooyi. (usuri kosaakkukal ozhike) avarude aavasyangal niravettunnathinum saadhaaranayaayi oru nischitha micham avasheshippikkunathinum paryapthamaaya krishikkupurame, avar vipulamaaya kannukaalikaludeyum kuthirakaludeyum prajananavum, cocusasil munthirivalarthal, doonn, yooral, caspian kadal ennividangalil malsyabandhanam, vettayaadal, theneecha valarthal muthalaayava nadatthi. thangalude pradeshangalil ninnu kalkari, svarnnam, mattu daathukkal enniva verthirichedukkaanulla avakasham kosaakkukal mikka faaktarikaludeyum udamastharaaya aparichitharkk vaadakaykku nalki.
saarist adhikaarikal kosaakkukalkk samanamaaya oru sainika samghadana chila kosak ithara jillakalilekku avatharippichu, avaa niravadhi kuthirappada sotniyakal ("noorukanakkinu") vitharanam cheythu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte thalennu avarude samadhaanaparamaaya nilapaadil ulppettirunnathu
aake 25 schwadronukalum 2 kambanikalum...
russian viplavam.
russian viplavathe thudarnnundaaya aabhyantharayudhathil kosaakkukal samgharshathinte iruvashathum thangaletthanne kandethi. niravadhi udyogastharum parichayasambannaraaya kosaakkukalum velutha sainyathin vendi poraadi, daridraril chilar chuvanna sainyathil chernnu. velutha sainyathinte paraajayathetthudarnnu, puthiya bharanakoodathinu bheeshaniyaayi kanakkakkappettirunnathil athijeevichirikkunna kosaakkukalilum avarude janmanaattilum decosaccisation (raskasachivani) nayam nadannu. avarude pradesham mattu divishanukalkkidayil vibhajikkukayum nyoonapakshangalude puthiya svayambharana republicukalkku nalkukayum thudarnnu aaa pradeshangalile kudiyettatthe aaa janathayumayi sajeevamaayi prolsaahippikkukayum cheythuvenkilum arasttukalum akramasakthamaaya adichamarthalukalum undaayi. eee punaradhivasa nayam terrech cosac bhoomiyude kaaryatthil prathyekichum sathyamaayirunnu. kosak janmadesham palappozhum valare phalabhooyishtamaayirunnu, koottaaya prachaarana samayat niravadhi kosaakkukal kulakkukalude vidhi pankittu. 1933leeii shaamam doonn, kuban pradeshatheyaanu ettavum kooduthal baadhichathu. maikkal courtinte abhipraayathil, "1919lum 1920lum ekadesham 3 dasalaksham janasamkhyayil, bolshevik bharanakoodam 45,000 terrech kosaakkukal ulppede 300,000 muthal 500,000 vare kosaakkukale kollukayo naadukadatthukayo cheythu".
randaam lokamahaayudham.
yuddham pottippurappettappol kosaakkukal samgharshathinte iruvashathum svayam kandethi. mikkavarum soviyatt yooniyanuvendi poraadi; ennirunnaalum, chilar jarmmankaarumaayi sahakarichu pazhaya kanakkukal theerppaakkaan theerumaanichu, prathyekichu soviyatt yooniyante prarambha parajaya parambarakalkku sesham, yudhathinte aadya divasam thante 436-aamm rejimentumaayi jarmman sainyathilekku koorumariya muun soviyatt mejaraaya ivaan kononovinte sainyathinte bhooribhaagavum nashtappettu, koodaathe soviyatt pakshapaathikalkkethiraaya ashayavinimaya lineukal samrakshichukondu jarmman adhinivesha nagaramaya mogilevinu chuttum sevanamanushtichu.
1942-leeii venalkkaalath jarmman sainyam kosaakkukal adhivasichirunna pradeshangalil praveshichu. avide thuranna pulmedukalil nadanna prathirodham vyarthamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum palarum kamyoonisathodulla vidvesham undaayirunnittum avarude raajyathe aakramanakaarikalumaayi sahakarikkaan visammathichu. sahakaranm anivaaryamaayirunnenkilum, bhooribhaagam nethaakkalum kammyoonistukaarodu paraajayappettathin prathikaram cheyyaan aagrahicha muun saarist udyogastharaayirunnu, ennaal niravadhi recruitmentukal yudhathadavukaar kyaambukalil ninnaan vannath. chila avasarangalil russian aabhyantharayudham moolam verpirinja bandhukkal samgharshathinte vividha vashangalil veendum kandumuttukayum krooramaayi kollappedukayum cheythu.
stalingrad yudhasamayathu, semiyon budeoniyude neethrthwathilulla kosaakkukalkk jarmmankaare cocosasilekku praveshikkunnathil ninnu thadayaan kazhinju, avide prathyekichu terrekinum kuban kosakkukalkkum jarmmankaare parvathangal pidichedukkunnathil ninnu thadayaan kazhinju. ennayaal sambannamaaya eee pradesham mathramalla, iraanteyum iraakhinteyum thacol koodiyaayirunnu.
1943 muthal kosaakkukal kooduthalum munvashathinte thekkan bhagathaanu sookshichirunnathu, avide avayude rahasyaanveshanathilum logistiksilum upayogam vilamathikkaanaavaathathaane thelinju. yudhathinte avasaanakhattangalil palarum romaniyayiloodeyum baalkkanukalilekkum pooyi.
250, 000thiladhikam ennam undaayirunnuvennu chilar parayunna mikka sahakaarikalum (nilavile kanakkukal yadhaartha ennam athinte moonnilonnu polum aayirunnilla ennu avakaashappedunnundenkum) doonn kosakkukalaayirunnu, munbu ettavum valuthum shakthavumaya aathidheyar soviyatt koottaaya nayangalkk keezhil ettavum moshamaayi anubhavichu. maruvashathu, kuban, terrech kosaakkukal eathaandu chuvanna sainyathin vendi maathramaayi poraadi, mikka nirashaajanakamaaya saahacharyangalilum polum avarude veeryam prakadamaayirunnu. ettavum valia redu armi cosac aathidheyar enna nilayil, 1945-ll kuban kosaakkukal prashasthamaaya vijaya paredil vijayakaramaayi redu squarilekku march cheythu.
pala sahakaarikalum soviyatt munnettatthil ninnu palayanam cheythuvenkilum soviyatt sakhya karaarukal prakaram avaril aayirakkanakkin pere ussrinu thirike kaimari. joseph staalinte maranathethudarnnu, thirichayakkappettavaril valiyoru vibhaagathe rahasyaswabhaavam vaagdaanam cheyth avarude janmanaattilekku madangaan anuvadichu. 1991nuu sesham maathramaan, yuu. ezz. ezz. aarile communist bharanathinte thakarchayode, nashtappetta thangalude samudaayathile amgangale avarkk parasyamaayi anushochanam ariyikkaan kazhinjathu.
russian aabhyantharayudhathilum randaam lokamahaayudhathilum kosaakkukalude vibhajanam innum oru vivaada vishayamaayi thudarunnu.
innu russiayil.
russiayile soviyatt union thakarnnathinusesham raajyathudaneelam niravadhi cosac communitykal uyarnnuvannu. russiayil, rajisttar cheythathum rajisttar cheyyaathathumaaya communitykal kosakkisavumaayi thirichariyunnu. russiayile kosak samoohangal parasparam sahakarikkukayum russian oorthadoox sabhayumaayi sahakarikkukayum cheiyunnu. 2018 avasaanathode saamskaarika pravartthanangal ekopippikkunnathinum cosac verukal shakthippeduthunnathinum (yadhaartha cosac vasthrangal veendum avatharippikkunnath polullava) kosaakkukal oru ool-russian cosac community sthaapichu.
2018 fifa lokakappil puttin virudha prathishedhangal adichamarthunnathinaayi russian police senayil kosak grouppukale ulppeduthi.
innu ukrainil.
21-aamm noottaandile ukrainil noorukanakkinu vaividhyamaarnna kosaakkukalude asosiyeshanukalundu.
ool-ukreniyan public oorganaiseshanaaya "ukreniyan rajisterdu kosaakkukalude" (urc) "grand raada" yude theerumaanaprakaaram 2002 march 29 nuu sthaapithamaaya "dhii ukreniyan rajisterdu kosaakkukal" (urc) 2002 juulai 8 nuu neethinyaaya manthraalayathil rajisttar cheythu.

