
saamuval augtan

revu. 1830 kalude avasaanathilum athinusheshavum adimatham kramena nirthalaakkiya samayat jamaikkayile karuthavargakkaarude thozhil avakaashangalkkaayi thurannuparayunna oru unmoolanavaadiyaayirunnu jamaikkayile snapana missionary vilyam naibinte sahapravarthakanumaaya saamuval aouttan (1803-desember 1881). 1840-ll addeham jamaikkayil hrasvamaayi thadavilakkappettu. yadhaarthathil jaims shermante swatantra sabhaa sarey chaappal, southvaarkkumaayi bandhappettirunna addeham, kaalaakaalangalil sherman kshanicha jamaikkayile snaapanavaadikalumaayi adutha bandham pulartthiyirunnu, avar pradhaanamaayum sabhaa adisthaanathil samghadippikkappedukayum pradhaanamaayum aafrikkan-caribean janasamkhyaykkidayil, amerikkayil ninnulla muun adimayaaya jorjju lisley sthaapichathinethudarnna.
jamaikkayile aadyakaala jeevitam.
jamaikkayile snapana missionary sosaittikkayi saamuval aouttan nadatthiya pravartthanangal taamasiyaathe prashasthamaayi. 1836ll landanile sarey chappalil ninnu ethiya addehathinte niyamanam thudakkathil tamas burshell enna bandhuvine sahaayikkuvaanaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 1839 aayappozhekkum kingstanile aafrikkan sabha addehathe pramukha eest kween street chappalil avarude paastaraayi kshanichu.
jamaikkan adimakalude vimochanathile oru pradhana samayamaayirunnu ithu. 1833leeii aabhyanthara gavanmentinte vimochana niyamathode jamaikkayil "niyama nirmmarjanam" aarambhichathinusesham, jamaikkayile pala africakkaarkkum chila pathittaandukalaayi saahacharyangal kurachukoodi mechappettirunnilla; prathyekichu thottakkaarum chila yajamananmarum avarude melnottakkaarum treadmillukalude upayogam nirbandhamaakkiya bheethiyundaakkunna "karar apprenteeshipp" sambradaayathin keezhil. 
britiish dominiyanukaliludaneelam adimatham laghookarikkunnathinum kramena nirthalaakkunnathinumalla (adimatha virudha samooham 1823-1838), vilyam alaneppolulla deerghakaala adimatha nirthalaakkal pravartthakar ennivarude pinthunayode snaapanavaadikalude neethrthwathil nadanna oru prachaaranathetthudarnnu 1838 august 1 nuu karar apprenteeshipp durupayogam oduvil nirthalaakkappettu. ennirunnaalum, vimochanam oru parudeesayaayirunnilla; thottakkaar kudiyaanmaare pathivayi upadravichirunnu (swatantra gramangal kaanuka, avarkk kazhiyumbozhellaam vethanam kuraykkaan shramichu. hannover edavakayile thante attin koottathodu augtan orikkal prasiddhamaayi ingane abhiprayappettu
 
aafrikkan sthreekalkkethire majistrettukal sweekarikkunna swaathanthryathinethire thurannuparanja kaazhchappaadukalkk (1840-ll) addehathe jamaikkan adhikaarikal oru kaalathekku jayililadachu. brittanil britiish, videsha adimatha virudha samoohathinte (adimatha virudha samooham 1839 ll sthaapithamaayi) joseph starj jamaikkayile aafrikkakkaar anubavikkunna bhayanakamaaya thozhil sanbradaayangalekkurichu aouttante vivaranagal kaimari, athu jayilil aayirikkumbol oottan ashayavinimayam thudarnnu. joseph sturj thante peril colonial offeesil praathinidhyam vahikkukayum saamuval augtan oduvil jaamyathil purathirangiya oru kaalayalavinusesham discharge cheyyappedukayum cheythu. nammude pavapetta priyappetta janangalil" ninnu "lalithavum ennaal aaveshakaravumaaya santhoshathinteyum vaalsalyathinteyum aavishkaarangal" addeham rekhappeduthunnu, avar addehathe eest kween street chappalilekku veendum swaagatham cheythu. 1841-ll augdaninu ingane ezhuthaan kazhinju "janangalodulla ente snehavum ennodulla avarude snehavum anudinam kooduthal shakthamaakunnathaayi thonnunnu".
eee theeyathiyil madangiyethunna snaapakan jorjju rosinte sahaayathode saamuval aouttane moonnu sub steshanukal, rund "day schoolukal", rund "sanday schoolukal", rosine koodaathe rund adhyapakar-miss simpson, dablyu.spraagukal.
augtante dhaarmika coode.
1844leeii thiranjeduppil aafrikkan sthaanaarthikale prothsaahippikkunnathil augtan sajeevamaayirunnu, addehathinte sabhayil bhooribhaagavum aafrikkan vamshajaraanu. adutha irupathu varshakkalam addeham eest kween street chappalil paastaraayi thaamasichu, ennirunnaalum, mechappeduthaan shanikkappetta vimochana pouranmaar ulppede ellaavarkkum baadhakamaaya oru dhaarmika coode addeham prothsaahippichathinaal addeham sambhavamillathe thaamasichu.
oru snapaka chaappalinte niyamaparamaaya padavi palappozhum pala tharatthil valarnnathinal mattonnil ninnu alpam vyathyasthamaayirunnu. oru kaalath jorjju lislinte chaappal addehathinte vyakthiparamaaya utharavaadithamaayirunnu, athinte nirmmaanatthinte kudissikaykku addeham jayililadaykkappettu. udamasthaavakaashathinte kooduthal uchithamaaya padhathi eathenkilum tharatthilulla trastt deed vazhiyaan. eee prashnam uyarnnuvanna oru chappalil trasttikale niyamikkanulla sabhayude avakaashathe augtan pinthunachappol, eest kween street chappalil samanamaaya reethiyil cheyyaanulla swantham sabhayude aagraham mattoru bharanaghadanayullathinaal vivaadathinu kaaranamaayi. mattullavare karthavyanishtayode niyamikkunnathin munbu oraalozhike athinte trasttikalellaam marichathinaal augtanum oru prashnam nerittu, athinaal athu anweshanaathmakamaayi maari. majistrettumaarude thettu thurannukaattukayum kurachu kaalathekku thadavu anubhavikkan thayyarakukayum cheythathupole, thante chappalil niyamavirudhamaaya udamasthaavakaasha krameekaranangalil addeham kakshi cherilla. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte sabhayil palarum ithil santhushtaraakukayum bakkiyulla trasttiyude mail thante niyamaparamaaya adikaaram kavian sammarddam cheluthukayum cheiyumaayirunnu. augtante uracha dhaarmika nilavaarangal avare aswastharaakki; munbu vellakkaraaya janavibhaagangale aswastharaakkiyathupole janapreeti nashtappedaanulla vila addehathinu veendum nalkendivannu.
1860kalil augtan thante samaanathakalillaatha daarmmikamaaya reethiyil mathathil ninnum vidyaabhyaasathil ninnum alppam pinmari. prabudhatha" kaalaghattatthil chila franch, engleesh chinthakarkkidayil yadhaarthathil janapriyamaayirunna oru sidhaantham prolsaahippikkaan addeham rund pusthakangal ezhuthi, oru janasamkhya krithrima vasthukkal 'aagrahikkanam' ennu, athu oorjjaswalathayum kadinaadhvaanavum srishtikkukayum angane sambathu vardhippikkukayum venam. jamaikka polulla aakarshakamaaya choodullathum phalabhooyishtavumaaya oru dveepil, ithu sambhavikkillayirikkaam; oru nischitha jeevithanilavaarathilethiya sesham aalukal svayam samthruptharaakumennu oogtan vaadichu.
jamaikkan snaapanakkaarum vimochanavum.
jamaikkayile snapana dauthyangal vimochanathilum parishkaranatthilum aduthu ulppettirunnu. amerikkayil ninnulla muun adimayaaya aafrikkan jorjju lisley aanu eee dauthyam sthaapichathu. jamaikkayile avarude pallikal montego beyile barshal baptist palliyil deekkan aayi slave saamuval sharpine (1801-32) pinneedu swathanthramaayi janichathaayi vishwasikkappedunna aafrikkan pooll bogline (1822-1865) morant bake vadakkulla stooni guttle deekkan aayi uyarthi.
sthreekalude raashtreeyavum saamoohikavumaaya pankaalittham prolsaahippikkunnathum purogathi undaayi. asisttant klaas leader", "klaas leader", athinu mukalilullava thudangiya utharavaaditha sthaanangal, aavashyamaaya vayana ezhuthum kazhivulla ellaavarkkum; purushanmarkkum sthreekalkkum-thurannittirunnu. ellaavarkkum thiranjeduppil vottucheyyaanum apekshikkaanum arhatayullah sabhaa svayambharanamaayirunnu snaapanavaadiyude vilamathikkappedunna thathwangalilonnu, ithu samoohathile palarkkum avarude shabdam kelkkaan aadya avasaram nalki. thozhilaallikalaaya paavappettavarkk rashtreeya swaadheenam cheluthaan thudangiya aadyakaala paathakalilonnaanith. ennirunnaalum, purogathi chilappol vedanaajanakamaayi mandagathiyilaayirunnu, prathyekichu adiyanthira svayambharanam aagrahikkunnavarkk. saamuval augtante chappalil, pithaav oru deekkan aanennu vishwasikkappedunna oru aafrikkan asisttant klaas leader elanor wickars, klaas leaderayi vijayakaramaayi thiranjeduppil malsarichuvenkilum avalude niyamanam sthireekarikkunnathinu aavashyamaaya saaksharata aavasyakatha niravettaanaayilla. snaapanakkaarante swaashrayathvathinte moolyavathaaya thathwangal allengil vidyaabhyaasam "mahatharamaaya samanila" yayirikkumenna pratheekshayil ninnu undaakunna saaksharata praveshana aavasyakathakal uyarthippidikkuka enniva thammil saamuval aouttan theerumaanikkendivannu. eee saahacharyathil, addeham oru maathruka sthaapikkunnathu ozhivaakkukayum rund vishwaasangalum thulyamaayi uyarthippidikkanamenna aavasyappedukayum cheythu, ithu aafrikkan sabhakal svayam nirnnayathilekku vijayakaramaayi nayichu.
snapana missionary samooham sthree saaksharathaye shakthamayi prothsaahippichathaayi sradhikkappettittundu. 1841-ll "baptist herald aafrikkayude suhruthum" muppathiyaaru vanita adhyapakareyum 2,000-ladhikam penkuttikaleyum day skoolukalil report cheyyaan kazhinju. brittanil vanita adhyaapakarkkaayi kettaringil oru pariseelana vidyaalayavum sthaapichu.
kudumbam.
thomas barshellinte bharyayaaya hesttar barshellinte anantharavalaaya hannayayirunnu saamuvalinte aadya bhaarya.
saamuval augtante randaamathe bharyayaaya saara (1819-1882), sambannanaaya britiish doctor snaapanavaadiyumaaya nathaniel rogezhs emm. dii. yude sahodariyaayirunnu. saamuval augtan 1881 desemberil landanil vachu maranamadayukayum stokku newingtonile abni paarkk semitheriyile rogarmaarude kudumba shavakudeerathil saaraykkoppam oru smaaraka phalakathode samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.
paraamarshangal.
pusthakangal
ithum kaanuka

