
marcus emilius scores (bisi 115 koonsal)

bii. sii. 115ll koonsal aayi sevanamanushticha oru roman raashtrathanthranjanaayirunu marcus emilius scores (-). 115 muthal bii. sii. 89 avasaanathilo 88 nte thudakkathilo marikkunnathuvare eee padavi vahichirunna addeham deerghakaalamaayi "prinsps senattas" koodiyaayirunnu, athinaal avasana republicile ettavum abhimaanakaravum swaadheenamullathumaaya raashtreeyakkaaril oralaayi parakke kanakkaakkappettirunnu.
koonsal sthaanathinushesham, scores "dii vitta suva" ezhuthi, ithu orupakshe roman charithratthile aadyathe aathmakathayaayirikkaam.
kudumba pashchaathalam.
orupakshe bii. sii. 161ll republicile ettavum vijayakaramaya patrician "jentukalil" onnaaya prashasthamaaya "jenz" emiliayilaanu scores janichathu. ennirunnaalum, avarude patrician padavi undaayirunnittum, emily skaurikku jenukalude mattu shaakhakaleppole praadhaanyam undaayirunnilla. 317 num 230 num idayil niravadhi konsalmaare kanakkakkiya emily barbula ninnu addeham pingaamiyaayirikkaamenkilum, skorasinte oru poorvvikanum oru majistrettu padavi vahichirunnathayi ariyappedunnilla. marcus ennum perulla skorasinte pithaav oru curry vyaapaariyaayirunnuvennu polum parayappedunnu. 35, 000 sestezhsukalum aarr adimakalum mathramulla thante pithaavinte estettukalilninnu thanikk paarambaryamaayi labhichuvennum thaan bankinglo raashtreeyathilo pokanamo ennu thanikk urappillennum scores thante aathmakadhayil ezhuthiyittundu. scores valare daridramaanennu sisaro abhiprayappettu "oru" novas homo "pole addehathinu jolie cheyyendivannu.
currier.
aadyakaala currier.
skorasinte aadyakaala kariyarinekkurichu valarekkurache ariyoo. republic niravadhi neendathum anishchithathvamullathumaaya yudhangal nadatthiya speyinil oru saadhaarana sainikanaayi scores sevanamanushtichu. guius marius, publius rutilius rufus, guius memmius thudangiya-pilkkala skorasinte athiraalikalaaya-sipio emilianus newmaanshyaykkethire vijayakaramaayi command cheytha sainyathil chernna niravadhi abhilaashamulla cheruppakkaaril oraalaayirikkaamenn ronald siim abhiprayappettu. orupakshe speyinile addehathinte vishishta sevanam skorasine raashtreeyathil earppedaan prerippichirikkaam.
126 num 124 num idayil sardiniyayile koonsal, prokonsal lucius ooreliyas ooresttas ennivarude staafil scarrus veendum sardiniyayil sevikkunnathayi kaanapedunnu. orupakshe eee samayathaan addeham ooresttasinte kwaastaraayirunna guius graakkasinte shathruvaayitheernnath. manpathrangalil ninnullavaril ninnu saadhanangal nedunnathile graachasinte vijayavum athupole thanne numedian rajaavaaya missipsayil ninnulla daanyavum vranappetta ooresttasinte staafil ullavaril scores ulppettirikkaam. 124-ll, 123-leeii tribunian thiranjeduppil malsarikkunnathinu neratthe thante sthaanam vittathinu scarres sensarukalkku munnil graakkasine apalapichittundaakam.
bii. sii. 123ll addehathe koleju oof ogarsilekku thiranjedutthu. bii. sii. 122ll pothu geyimsinte chumatala vahicha addeham pinneedu bii. sii. 120loow 119loow predaraayi thiranjedukkappettu (bii. sii. 119 aanu bettsinu ishtamenkilum, "roman republicinte majistrettumaaraaya" broton angane thanne). 119-ll, gayus maariyasinte nirddishta votting parishkarana niyamathe scores ethirthu, ithu rakshaadhikaarikalkk "komishya" yill votting swaadheenikkunnathu kooduthal budhimuttaakkumaayirunnu. aaa varsham jugurthayude numedian simhaasanathinulla avakaashavaadatheyum addeham ethirthu.
consulship.
bisi 116-ll scores konsalshippilekkulla thiranjeduppinaayi nilakonduvenkilum kvintas fabius maximus eberness parajayappettu; adutha varsham addeham vijayichu, oru rashtreeya yaadhaasthithikanenna nilayil prabhukkanmaarude pinthunayode aaveshabharithanaayi, bisi 115-ll marcus seasilius metellasinoppam koonsal aayi. addehathinte athiraalikaliloraalaaya publius rutilius rufus, "ambittas" (thiranjeduppu azhimathi) enna kuttatthinu skorasine vichaarana cheythu; athe kuttatthinu roofasine athirthukondu scores prathikarichu. iruvareyum veruthe vittu. chila prabhukkanmaarude vibhavangal illaathaakkaanum virunnin chelavazhikkanum addeham oru sambaadya niyamam pasaki; swathanthraraaya aalukalkk vottu cheiyunnathinulla oru niyamavum addeham pasaki, athil valare kurachu maathrame ariyappedunnulloo. gaul, liguria ennividangalile gothrangalkkethire addeham vijayakaramaya oru prachaaranavum nadatthi; ithinaayi addeham oru vijayamayi thiranjedukkappettu. "skorasinte konsalshippinte ettavum sradheyamaaya sambhavam, desiyasinte vasthrangal keerukayum, addehathinte karul cheyar thakarkkukayum, kesukal addehathinte munbil konduvarunnathil ninnu vilakkukayum cheytha, prader pii desius subulo addeham parasyamaayi apamanikkukayum cheythu, prathyakshatthil desius konsalinu vendi nilkkaan visammathichathinal. ithu oru rashtreeya neekkamaayirikkam desius munbu skorasinte sakhyakakshiyaya opimiyasine vichaarana cheythirunnu.
athe varsham thanne, lucius seasilius mettellas diadematus allengil lucius seasilius mettellas delmettas skorasine naamanirddesham cheyyukayum senatt "prinseps senattas" aayi sthireekarikkukayum cheythu, addeham maranam vare aaa padavi vahichirunnu. eee kaalayalavile ettavum pradhanappetta bahumathiyaayirunnu ithu, saadhaaranayaayi ettavum muthirnna paatrisiyanumaanu ithu nalkiyirunnathu. thaarathamyena cheruppakkaaraaya scoresinu athu labhikkunnathinaayi athu oru attimariyayi kanakkakkappettu. eee samayathaan, mettellas delmaattikkinte makalaaya mettellaye scores vivaham kazhichathu.
addehathinte konsalshippinu sesham, bisi 114 leeii vesttal kanyakamaarude vichaaranayude samayat scores oru pontifeesaayi jooriyil undaayirunnirikkam. marcus brutus ennayaal addehathinethire pidichupari nadathiyathaayum aaropikkappettuvenkilum addehathe veruthe vidukayum "addehathinte" auktarittaas "kedukoodaathe kadannupokukayum cheythu.
jugarthin yuddham.
jugurtin yudhathinu munbu (bii. sii. 1), numedian rajaavaaya adharbalinethiraya sathrutha avasaanippikkanamenn aavasyappettukondu addehathe numediayilekku doothanaayi ayachu. jugurthayodum goodaalochanakalodum nannayi perumariyittilla" ennu thelivukal pinthunaykkunnu. jugartha aavasyangal nirasichappol yuddham prakhyapikkukayum koonsal lucius calpurnius besttiyaye aafrikkayilekku ayaykkukayum cheythu.
yudhathinte aadya varshathil (bii. sii. 112) besttiyayude "legatti" kalilonnaayi scores pravarthichu. skorasinodu valare sathruthayulla vivaranamulla charitrakaaranaaya saalasttinte abhipraayathil, besttiyayum scores yuddham neratthe avasaanippikkunnathinaayi jugurthayil ninnu kaikkooli sweekarichu. bii. sii. 113 leeii noria yudhathile paraajayathinu sheshamulla roman sainika balaheenathaye prathifalippikkunna oru thiranjeduppaaya nashtaparihaarathinum nayatantra othutheerppinum pakaramaayi besttiyayum scores jugarthaykku oru vedinirthal nalkiyennu betts vaadikkunnu.
romil eee vaasasthalam ariyappettappol, tribune gayas mamilius limettanas bisi 109-ll "prabhukkanmaarkkethiraaya oru pothu akramanam" aarambhichu. kaikkooliyude aropanangal anweshikkaan mamilius oru prathyeka kodathi, mamilian kammeeshan, srishtichu oru niyamam pasaki. sallast parayunnathanusarichu, scores prosecution ozhivaakkuka mathramalla, vichaaranayile moonnu jadjimaaril ("kwaasidararmaar") oralaayi svayam thiranjedukkaan polum kazhinju. chila pandithanmaar vishwasikkunnathu, marcus ooreliyas scores ennu samanamaaya perulla skorasumaayi saalast aashayakkuzhappathilaayennaa. ennirunnaalum, "skorasinte niyamanathe njangal chodyam cheyyendathilla" ennum pakaram jugurthayodulla addehathinte munbu unnayicha ethirppu kaaranamaayirikkam njangalude scores thiranjedukkappettathenum betts vaadikkunnu.
sensorship 'senattinte pithavum'.
bii. sii. 109ll scores sensaraayi thiranjedukkappettu, marcus livius druses moothayaal addehathinte sahapravarthakanaayi. ennirunnaalum, avarude bharanakaalathu druses pettennu marichappol, thante sensorship upekshikkaan scores nirbandhithanaayi, addehathe jaililekku valichidaan tribuneukal utharavittappol maathramaan aaa sthaanathu ninnu pinmaariyath.
bisi 104-ll, rominte dhaanya vitharanathinu scores utharavaadiyaayi, "cura anone"; addehathinte niyamanam akkaalat oru "kvesttar" ayirunna lucius appulius saattarninasinte chelavilaayirunnu. cura anonayude" nashtam saachurninasine "" poppularukalilekku "nayicha theeppori aanennu sisero vidhikkunnu, ennaal ithu [saachurninasinte] rashtreeya parivartthanatthe prerippikkunnathinulla aadya chuvaduveppinupakaram ithinakam prakhyaapicha" populisukal "nuu nereyulla oru aakramanamaayirikkaam, credit moshtikkaan". skorasinte rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukal-prathyekichu annathe naalu pradhana vishayangalil (1) bhooparishkaranam, (2) kodathi parishkkaranam, (3) itaaliyan pourathvam, (4) "mayistaas" chodyangal-ariyappedunnilla; kooduthal abhipraayangalonnumillathe mikka pandithanmaarum addehathe yaadhaasthithikarude idayil nirtthunnu. scarres bhooparishkaranathe pinthunaykkukayum allengil "aggar publicus" (pothu bhoomi) upayogathinu paridhikal nadappakkaanulla gratchen nirddeshangaleyenkilum pinthunaykkukayum cheythekkaam, ennaal naya prameyangalekkaal "populis" reethikale ethirkkukayum cheythu. maistaas" nekkurichulla addehathinte kaazhchappaadukal kooduthal vyakthamaan, raajyadrohaparamaaya perumaattam vichaarana cheiyunnathinulla mamilian kammeeshan polulla nirddeshangale pinthunaykkunnu, mathramalla vivechanarahithamaaya prosecutionukale ethirkkukayum cheiyunnu. mamilian kammeeshante vaakyangalude kaadinyathinu scores kaaranamaayathaayi betts oohikkunnu, pakshe athinu nerittulla thelivukalonnumillennu sammathikkunnu.
bisi 104-ll, pleebukalude tribunukalilonnaaya gnius domissius ahenobarbasine koleju oof ogarsilekku thiranjedutthilla, addeham skorasinethire cases phayal cheythu. ennirunnaalum, "[ahenobaarbasinte] bahumaanabodham, skorasinte swantham adimakalil oraal nalkaan vaagdaanam cheythathinte thelivukal upayogikkaan addehathe thayyarayilla", vichaarana kuttavimukthanaakki. ithinu marupadiyaayi, gothrasabhayilekku purohithanmaare niyamikkaan adikaaram nalkunna oru bill domissius pasaki.
adutha varsham, 103-ll, senattoriyal varenyavargathinte azhimathiyum hraswadarshanavum parasyamaayi kaanikkan thudangi, gayus marius thante moonnaamathe konsalshippilekku veendum thiranjedukkappettathode, "senattoriyal sainika vaidagdhyathinte ettavum daridramaaya prakadanam" nadanna kaalaghattatthil. bii. sii. 105-leeii arosio yudhathil vinashakaramaaya paraajayatthilekku nayicha annathe koonsal gnius mallius maximasumaayi sahakarikkaan prokonsal enna nilayil sipio visammathichathinethudarn "populis" tribune gayas norbanus kvintas servilius sipiyo (bisi 106 koonsal) lakshyamittathinethireyulla prathipakshatthe scores nayichu. senattil ninnu seepio purathaakkunna oru niyamam pasakia sesham, romilek ayaykkumbol nigoodamaayi aprathyakshamaaya tolosayude swarnam moshtichathinu norbanus janakeeya sabhaykku munnil seepio vijayakaramaayi vichaarana cheythu. seepiyoyude prathirodham nirbhagyavumaayi bandhapetta oru durbhaagyakaramaaya avakaashavaadamaayirunnathil, vichaaranayude phalam valia samshayathilaayirunnilla. tribune taittas ddiasinum lucius ooreliyas kottaykkum oppam, scores nadapadikal veetto cheyyaan shramichuvenkilum akramatthiloode thirichuvidappettu scoresinu thalayil oru kallu polum adichu. seepiyoyude prosecutione athirkkunnathinulla skorasinte kaaranagal orupakshe prabhukkanmaare prosecute cheiyunna thathwavumaayi bandhappettirikkilla-scores munbu cheytha mamilian commissionil ulppettirunnu-marichu senattinte "auktarittaas" thadassappeduthaan janakeeya sammelanangale upayogichathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. bii. sii. 95 oode eee akramathinu norbaanasine vichaarana cheythu.
gayas memmius, gayas flavius fimbria ennivare paraajayappedutthiya kesil scores ulppettirunnu. thangalude nayatantra lamghanam lamghichathinte peril saatarninasinethire cases phayal cheyyaan addeham mithradeshangalil ninnulla ambaasadarmaare prothsaahippichu. rund kesukalum parajayappettu. 102-ll, orupakshe saattarninasinethiraaya addehathinte kadinamaaya nilapaadinu pinthuna nalkunnathino allengil theerchayaayum orupakshe oru "prinsps senattas" addehathinte jeevithakaalathu veendum niyamikkappedaathathinte rekhakalonnumillaathino aayirikkam scores "prinsps senattas" aayi veendum niyamikkappettath.
bii. sii. 100ll saterninus gayas servilius glossia konduvanna akramatthinte uchathil, scores "senaattas kansalttam ultimum" ennu vilikkappedunnava neekki, athu saattarninasinteyum gloziayudeyum maranathilekku nayichu. athu saadhyamaan... eee vasthuthaykk amita oonnal nalkuka... atharam kaaryangalil nadapadiyedukkaan "prinseps senattasine" niyogichirikkaam ", scores" saatarninasinodulla prathyekichu sakthamaaya vyakthiparamaaya vidvesham pariposhippichathaayi "thonni.
bii. sii. 90kall.
bisi 96 num 98 num idayil nadanna kizhakottulla oru dauthyathil (legashio eshyaattikka) scores pankedutthittundaakam. ennirunnaalum, addeham yaathrayil earppettirunno atho dauthyathe pinthunachathaano ennu vyakthamalla. eee dauthyathil guius marius ulppettirikkaam-"magna mettar" enna prathinjja niravettaamenna vyaajena yaatra cheiyunna-ennaal samshayam janippikkathe kappadoshyayile mithridates VI-yude prachaaranangalekkurich anweshikkaan kooduthal saadhyathayund. douthyathethudarnnu, pravishyayude vijayakaramaya bharanathinaayi senatt kvintas museus scavola pontifexineyum publius rutilius rufasineyum eshyayilekku ayachu. eathaanum varshangalkk sesham bii. sii. 92-ll lutius cornelius sullah kizhakk silishyayil proprettaraayi ayaykkappettu, avide addeham capadosiayilekkulla mithridettukalude munnettatthe ethirthu.
prosecutionte pradhana saakshiyayi saakshyappeduthikkondu, seepiyoyude vichaaranayile akramathinu norbaanasine prosecution cheiyunnathine scores pinthunachu. roman pouranmaarude aanukoolyangal apaharikkunna italikkaarekkurichu anweshikkunnathinulla niyamamaya "lexes lysinia musea" yeei addeham pinthunachu, orupakshe samsthaanathe senattinte sthaanam shakthippeduthunnathinu neekkathil.
bii. sii. 92ll, thante sathyasandhamaya bharanathiloode eshyayile thante kaalathe legettil "ekwaitts"-nte sathrutha unarthiya publius rutilius rufasinte prathirodhatthil scores ulppettirikkaam. niraparaadhithvam parakke ariyappettirunnenkilum addeham sikshikkappettu. rufus vichaaranayethudarnnu, skorasine "repettandis" (thattikkondupokal) enna kuttatthinu, prathyekichu, matoraal thattiyeduttha panam sweekarichathinu, cheruppakkaaranaaya kvintas servilius seepio thanne vichaarana cheythu. ennirunnaalum, oru coundersuitil aadyam vichaaranaykk ilaya seepio konduvarunnathil scores enganeyo vijayichu, pakshe pariganikkathe, scoresineyum ilaya seepiyoy veruthe vittu.
eee vishayam bii. sii. 91-ll pleebukalude thiranjedukkappetta tribunaya marcus livius drusesinte niyama parishkaarangale pinthunaykkaan skorasine prerippichu-300 oolam "ekvaittukal" cherthu senatt vipuleekarikkunnathinum kodathi juurii poolukal "ekvaittukalil" ninnu senattilekku mattunnathinum. drusesinte pradhana upadeshtaakkalil oraalaayirunnu scores. lutius lysinius crasasinoppam, scores drusesinte pradhana yaadhaasthithika chaambyanaayirunnu, koodaathe addehathinte vipulamaaya niyamanirmmaana paripadi passacan sahayichu. ennirunnaalum, bii. sii. 91 septambaril kraasasinte pettennulla maranashesham, drusessinu senattile pinthuna athivegam nashtappettu, koonsal lucius maarshyas philippus drusesinte mathaparamaya saankethikatha sambandhicha niyamangal raddaakkunnathil vijayichu.
itaaliyan janathaykku vottavakaasham nalkaanulla drusesinte nirddeshangale scores pinthunaykkukayum "soshiyodu" anubhavam kaanikkukayum cheythirikkaam. soshiye" kurichulla skorasinte nilapaadukalekkurichu charitrakaaranmaar viyojikkunnu addeham drusesinte itaaliyan billine pinthunachuvennu vaadikkunnu, athesamayam itaaliyan pourathvam ozhike scores drusesinte padhathiye pinthunachuvennum munkaalangalil itaaliyan pourathvathodulla thante muun ethirppil ninnu addeham athra eluppathil maarikkalayillennum vaadikkunnu. drusesinte kolapaathakatthinum saamoohikayudham pottippurappettathinum sesham, bii. sii. 90-ll tribune kvintas various severus skorasine vichaarana cheythu. various skorasine janangalude munbaake oru vichaaranayilekku vilippichu. eee ghattathil prayamaayathum sandhivaathabaadhithanum durbalanumaaya scores "kuttaaropithanodu" prathikarichu
janangalude nilaviliyil aropanangal udan thanne thallikkalanju. mettallan vibhaagathile ettavum vishishtanaaya amgathinethiraaya aakramanathinte bhaagamaayi various orupakshe skorasinethiraaya aropanangal konduvannu... oru shikshavidhi mettallan blockinu oru vinashakaramaaya praharamaakumaayirunnu ".
ilaya seepioyum kodathiyil skorasinumel kuttam chumatthi. kuttapathram pinvalikkapetto, thallappetto, atho veruthe kalaharanapetto ennu ariyilla. bii. sii. 90-nte thudakkathil seepio kollappedukayum bii. sii. 88-oode addehathinte bhaarya sisilia mettella sullah vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythappol scores marikkukayum cheythu. krithyamaaya marana theeyathi anjjaathamaanu, pakshe bisi 89-ll scores "prinsps senattas" aayi veendum niyamikkappedukayum bisi 88-ll addehathinte pourohithyam pinthudarukayum cheythathinaal, bisi 89 november madhyathinum bisi 88 februveric idayil ithu aapekshika krithyathayilekku churukkam.
paarambaryamaayi.
skorasinte anthass addehathinte maranathe marikadannu, thudarnnulla thalamurakal addehathe valia praadhaanyamulla oru vyakthiyayi oormmippichu. sisaro prathyekichum oru kadutha aaraadhakanaayirunnu, orikkal abhipraayappettath "eathaandu lokam muzhuvan bharikkunath addehathinte thalayaattiyaan" ("cues nyoottu prope terraram oorbis regebattoor") ennaanu. purathana charitrakaaranaaya valerius maximus thante kadinamaaya pithaakkanmaarude pattikayil scores ulppeduthi, simbrikkethiraaya yudhathil ninnu thante makante palayanam sambandhicha skorasinte prathikaranam prathyekam shradhichu, avide thante makante pravarthanangalodulla addehathinte viyojip makane aathmahathya cheyyaan prerippichu.
ennirunnaalum, skaarasinekkurichulla vidhikal ellaayppozhum anukoolamaayirunnilla. ettavum shradheyamaayi, charitrakaaranaaya saalast "bellam yugurthinathil" skorasine oru neethibodhamillaathathum athyagrahamullathumaaya raashtreeyakkaaranaayi chithreekarikkunnu. scores numedian rajaavaaya jugurthayil ninnu kaikkooli sweekarichuvennum "oorjjam niranja kuleenan, pakshapathiyaaya, adikaaram, prashasthi, sambathu ennivayodulla athyagraham, ennaal thante thettukal marachuvekkunnathil samarthan" ennu vilikkunnuvennum saalast avakaashappedunnu (homo nobilis impiger factiosus, evidus pottanshya honoris divitiyaram, settaram vitta suu calide occletance).
thante anthassinte praadhamika uravidamaayi "prinsps senattas" padavi avakashappetta avasaanathe vyakthiyaan scores. addehathinte maranashesham, sinnayileyum sullayileyum aabhyanthara yudhangalude prakshubdhatha sainyathinte adhikaarathinu keezhilulla antass adikaaravum mukki.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
skorasinte aadya bhaaryayude peru anjjaathamaanu; eee yooniyanil ninnu addehathinu oru makan undaayirunnu, avan oru roman paraajayatthil ninnu parajayappetta sesham aathmahathya cheiyunnathinu munbu oru legettu mathramaayirunnu. pinneedu, pinneedu lucius cornelius sullayude naalaamathe bharyayaaya lucius sisilius mettellas delmaattikkinte makalaaya sisilia mettellaye addeham vivaham kazhichu. eee vivaahathil ninnu, scoresinu rund kuttikalundaayirunnu
paraamarshangal.
avalambangal
aadhunika srothassukal
purathana srothassukal

