
pupilla alpicola

pupiday kudumbatthile oru terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molesk allengil micromolask aaya minitt eyar-breathing land nathayude oru inamaanu pupilla alpicola. 
vargeekaranam.
"1871-ll jarmman malacologist stephaan clessin "pupilla prattensis" enna vaakk yadhaarthathil "pupilla mascorum" enna inamaayi visheshippichirunnu. taxon "pupilla praattensis" valarekkaalamaayi malacological saahithyathil avaganikkappedunnu, allengil roopashaasthraparamaayi durbalamaayi nirvachikkapetta ecophenotype aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu-eerppamullathum kaalsyamullathumaya aavaasavyavasthakalil kaanapedunnu-variable "pupilla mascorum". ennirunnaalum, eee roopam oru vyathyastha inathe prathinidheekarikkunnu, ithu aduthide voonn proshvitsum mattullavarum roopaghadana, paaristhithika, tanmatra daatta enniva samyojippicha oru padanatthil kaanichittundu. (2007,2009). "2009 nuu munbu "pupilla prattensis" "pupilla maskaram" allengil "pupilla alpicola" ennu thettayi thiricharinju.
ennirunnaalum, 2012 leeii chila praadhamika tanmatra vishakalanangale adisthaanamaakki, "pupilla praattensis", "pupilla alpicola" enniva kooduthal vyaapakamaayi vitharanam cheyyappedunna orotta inathinte bhoomishaasthraparamaaya upajaathikalaanennu thonnunnu.
vivaranam.
eee inathinte shell "pupilla mascorum" ennathinekkaal alpam valuthaanu, alpam kooduthal pradhaanamaaya valarchaa rekhakalulla, ekadesham 6 valare convex vools allah. shellinte mukalbhagam parannathaanu ("pupilla mascorum", "pupilla praattensis" ennivaykku vipareethamaayi). apparchural chundu durbalamaanu; servical callus durbalamaanu; aperturil saadhaaranayaayi pallukalilla, chilappol durbalamaaya paariyettal pallu. avasaanathe chuzhalikkaattinte baahya uparithalathil, athinte adithattil ninnulla dooratthinte naalilonn doorathil oru swabhaavasavisheshathayulla azhukkuchaal polulla nyoonathayude saannidhyam shradhikkuka. (charinja velichathil ithu appercharilum idungiyathum athilolavumaaya oru ridjai kaanapedunnu).
kaalakramena samanamaaya intraspeciphic shell aakruthi vyathyasangalulla eee inam "pupilla losesica" ykku samaanamaan, samanamaaya nick shifttukal samaantharamaayi samanamaaya parivarthanangalilekku nayichuvennu soochippikkunnu.
shellinte uyaram 2.8-3.3 mm aanu. shellinte veethi 1.75-1.8 mm aanu.
(pupilla praattensis vivaranam) eee inathinte shell irundathum thavittuniravum ardhasuthaaryavum nertthathum, cheruthum vyathirikthavumaya valarchaa rekhakalullathum, aazhathilulla thunnalukalullathum, neelamullathum veethiyullathumaaya rooparekhayullathum, durbalamaaya chundukal kondu vrithaakruthiyilullathum, saadhaaranayaayi pallukallillaathathum, allengil durbalamaaya paariyettalum, idaykkide paalattal pallum, chilappol durbalamaaya servical callus ullathumaaya vrithaakruthiyilullathum aanu.
shellinte uyaram 3.5-4.5 mm aanu. shellinte veethi 1.85-2.05 mm aanu.
"pupilla praattensis" "pupilla maskorathil" ninnu vyathyasthamaan, athu palappozhum anukambayode jeevikkunnu, athinte nertthathum valuthum vishalavumaaya shell, irundathum kuranja variable niravum durbalavumaaya apparchural chundum. pupilla praattensis" ennathinte shell valuthaanu-prathyekichu vyaasathil (1.86-2.06 mm), ennaal palappozhum uyarathilum (3.48-4.54 mm)-koodaathe "pyooppila mascorum" ennathinekkaal saadhaaranayaayi vorlukalude ennam (6.0-7.5) kooduthalaanu. rund enangalilum eee roopam silindar aakruthiyilullathaanu, ennaal "pupilla maskorathil" avasaanathe chuzhalukal ettavum mukalilekku sugamamayi othucherunnu; "pupilla praattensis" ll othucheral kurachukoodi pettennaan, ithu mukalbhagam moorchayullathaayi kaanapedunnu. chuzhalukal saadhaaranayaayi "pupilla praattensis" ll kooduthal valayam cheyyappedunnu, thunnal alppam aazhathilullathaan. rund enangalilum shellinte niram thavitt muthal thavitt-chaaraniram vare vyathyaasappedunnu, ennaal "pupilla praattensis" palappozhum irunda chestnut thavitt niramaan. pupilla maskorathil" chuvapp thavitt muthal kombulla chaaraniram vare niram kooduthal vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. rund enangalilum shellinte uparithalam eathaandu minusamaarnnathaan. pupilla praattensis" ll ithu kanamkuranjathaayi kaanapedunnu, athil ithu chilappol alpam ardhasuthaaryamaanu. pupilla maskorathil" valarchaa lineukal valare mikachathum "pupilla praattensis" ll oru paridhivare parukkanumaan. kattiyullathum kooduthal ucharikkunnathumaaya "pupilla mascorum" ennathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi "pupilla praattensis" ennathil apparchural chundu palappozhum durbalamaayi vikasikkunnu. pupilla praattensis" ll apertural pallukal kooduthal durbalamaayi vikasikkunnu, ellaayppozhum apertural mathilukalil ninnu nerittu uthbhavikkunnu, orikkalum oru kaalasil ninnu undaakilla (chilappol "pupilla maskorathil" ullathupole). durbalamaayi vikasicha oru paariyettal pallu palappozhum kaanapedunnu, palappozhum valare durbalamaaya, lalithamaayi soochippicha paalattal pallu, pakshe vaaya palappozhum poornnamaayum pallillaathathaanu.
padinjaaran, vadakkan norwayil ninnulla chila saambilukalil "pupilla mascorum" nte chila saambilukal sweedish, jarmman janasamkhyayekkaal valuthayathaayum athinaal "pupilla pretensis" nuu aduthulla valippathilaanennum abhipraayappedanam-ithinu kooduthal padanangal aavasyamaanu.
vitharanam.
pupilla alpicola" yude vitharanathil alps kaarpaathiyanukalum ulppedunnu. "pupilla alpicola" enna peril chitharikkidakkunna oru vitharanamundu; ithu apoorvamaanu. athinte aavaasavyavasthakalil bhooribhaagavum alpine kannukaali mechilppurangalkku sameepamaan, parambaraagatha bhoopradesam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu kurayunnathinaal eee aavaasavyavasthakal ippol apakadathilaanu ennaanu ithinartham.
"pupilla alpicola" valarekkaalamaayi check republicinte janthujaalangalude bhaagamaayi pattikappedutthiyirunnu (bohemiyayil "vamshanasham sambhavichirikkam" ennum moraviyayil gurutharamaaya vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna (sii. aarr) ennum). 2009ll samanamaaya oru taxon "pupilla praattensis" athinte speeshees nilavaaratthilekku uyarthiyathinusesham, "pupilla alpicola" check republicil thaamasikkunnillennum aaa rajyath ninnulla ellah rekhakalum yadhaarthathil "pupilla praattensis" aanennum punaravalokanam kaanichu.
(pupilla praattensis vitharanam) 
pupilla praattensis" avaganikkappettathinal, athinte vitharanam bhaagikamaayi maathrame ariyoo. vishalavum ennaal chitharikkidakkunnathumaya vitharanam, pradhaanamaayum kaalsyam pradeshangalil
madhya, vadakkan, padinjaaran europe prathekshikkunnu. ithuvare, jarmmani, polandu, check republic, ireland, denmark, norway, sweeden, slovakia, grettu brittan ennividangalil ninnu chitharikkidakkunna pradeshangal ariyappedunnu.
europil, "pupilla pretensis" nuu vadakkan atlaantik vitharanamundennu thonnunnu, ithu europil pradhaanamaayum alps, carpathian ennividangalil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirikku "pupilla alpicola" yude vitharanavumayi ovarlaappu cheiyunnilla.
thaazhepparayunna rajyangalil ithu sambhavikkunnu
germmaniyile bavariayile ogsberginaduthulla dinkelsherben aanu eee tharam pradesham.
"austriya, swittsarland, hungery, englandu ennividangalilum "pupilla praattensis" undaakaarund.
paristhithi.
"pupilla alpicola" mossil, uyarnna alpine pradeshangalile nananja pulmedukalkkullil, kooduthalum kaalsyamulla fencilaanu sambhavikkunnath. swittsarlandil 900 muthal 2500 meter vare uyarathilaanu ithu vasikkunnath.
"pupilla praattensis" oru saadhaarana aavasa vidagthanaanu. thuranna, sambannavum palappozhum kaalsyamulla eerppamullathum thanneerthadamullathumaaya aavaasavyavasthakalil vasikkunna oru hygrophilus inamaanithu. scandinaviayil ithu kaalsyamulla fensukalilum pulmedukalilum kaanapedunnu. seey norwayile saittukalude swabhaavam (calcarus fenn, neeruravakalulla charinja thanneerthadangal) ithinu anusrithamaayum sweedante "pupilla praattensis" aavaasavyavasthaykkum anuyojyamaanu; ivide ithu thuranna calcarus fensukaludeyo eerppamulla, eerppamulla calcarus pulmedukaludeyo oru saadhaarana inamaayi kaanapedunnu. nordland kaundiyil, norwayile aavaasavyavasthakal vyathyastha tharatthilullathum kadalinaduthulla paarakkettukalullathumaaya charivukalaanu. orupakshe padinjaaran, theeradesha norwayile eerppamulla kaalavastha eee inathinu athinte paaristhithika prathibhasam vipuleekarikkaan sahayikkunnu.
nirbhagyavashaal, eee aavaasavyavastha, marangalillaatha calcarus fence, valare apoorvamaanu, kooduthalum otappettathum ippol pathivayi vettunnathum makeal avasaanippichathinushesham varandathum thudarchayaayathumaaya mattangalaal valareyadhikam bheeshani neridunnu. athinaal, prakrithi samrakshanathinu rekhakal valare pradhaanamaan, nilavilulla janasamkhyaykku valareyadhikam shradha nalkanam.
eee inathinte paristhithi "pupilla alpicola" ykku samaanamaan.
paraamarshangal.
eee lekhanam referencil ninnu pothu domaine vaachakam ulkkollunnu.

