
less ulis

fraansile paareesile thekkupadinjaaran praanthapradeshangalil (banliu) sthithicheyyunna esson vakuppile oru kammyoon aanu less ulis (λες λις). paareesinte madhyabhaagathaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
sthalam.
paarees samuchayathinte thekk-padinjaarum esson departmentinte vadakku-padinjaarum leeii-dii-fraansil sthithi cheiyunna oru puthiya pattanamaan less ulis. chevroos thaazhvara ennum ariyappedunna yavett thaazhvarayil aadhipathyam pulartthunna courtaboof peedabhoomiyilaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. central paareesil ninnu 23 kilometer thekk-padinjaarum evriyude 20 kilometer vadakkupadinjaarum vezhsaayilinte thekk-kizhakk 14 kilometerum aanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu.
bhoomishaasthram.
ekadesham moonnu kilometer neelavum rund kilometer visthruthiyumulla eee pattanam 680 hector visthruthiyullathaanu. 65 sathamaanathiladhikam pradeshangal nirmmikkappettathaan, 17 sathamaanam ardha-graamapradeshavum 16 sathamaanam graamapradeshamo saamudaayika harita idamo ulkkollunnu. franch instittyoott geographic naashanal pattanatthinte kordinettukal kendra pooyintil 48° 40'56 "n" ennum 02° 10'03 e ennum nalkunnu.
kammyoonal athirthikkaduthulla ayal pattanamaya villejastilaanu cheria nadiyaaya rooyillaninte (nadhi) uravidam. nagaratthinte ettavum thaazhnna pooyint, athu burse-surr-vaivettumaayi cherunna sthalathaanu, 87 meter uyarathilaanu. nagaratthinte bhooribhaagavum sharashari 150 meteriladhikam uyarathilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. 170 meteraanu ithinte ettavum uyarnna sthaanam. kalimannu, manal, millu kallu enniva chernnathaanu ithu nirmmichirikkunnathu.
pradhana roadukal vazhi nagaram vyathyastha ayalpakkangalayi vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. kizhakk oru valia vyaavasaayika mekhalayaanu. padinjaaru residential eriyayaanu, athinte valiyoru bhagam 33 echlm gopura blokkukalaayi ulkkollunnu, avaa naalu ayalpakkangalayi tharamthirickunnu.
1970kalil aarkkidekttukalaaya roobert camlot, francois prear, georges-henry pingoosan ennivar chernnu leeii corbusierinte kalppanakalkkanusrithamaayaanu eee pattanam roopeekarikkukayum nirmmikkukayum cheythath. kaalnadayaathrakkaarude nadathamaarggam theruvu nilaykk mukalil athicheraan kazhiyunna vidhathil athinte gopura blokkukal slaabukalil uyarthiyittundu. vadakku bhagathaayi oru valia nagara paarkk eee pattanatthil ulppedunnu.
gathagatham.
reerinte line bii chevryoosiloodeyum praadeshika buzz sarveesukal oorse aandu burse-surr-vaitteyileyum railway steshanukalilekku praveshanam nalkunnu.
motorvekalude oru pradhana samgamasthaanathaanu less ulis svayam kandethunnathu. ivayil ettavum pradhanappetta deseeya paatha 118, deseeya paatha 104-ll marcosis pattanavumayulla saamudaayika athirthiyile oru kaimaattatthil cherunnu.
charithram.
1977ll ayal pattanamaya villejasttil venkalayuga upakaranangal kandethiyathu innathe less ulis enna pradeshathu charitraatheethakaala manushyarude adhiniveshathinulla saadhyatha soochippikkunnu. roman kaalaghattatthil villas rustikka courtaboof peedabhoomi kaivashappedutthi. onnu, "villa boonna" aduthulla villebon-surr-vaivetteykku athinte peru nalkunnu. uslo" enna oru vasthu udamayaanu oru nambar nirmmichathu, avarude peru less ulisinte perumaayi bandhappettirikkam. theeyil thakarkkuka ennartham varunna pazhaya franch "usler" enna padavumaayi eee peru bandhappettirikkanum saadhyathayund. oru kaalath eee pradesham vanapradeshamaayirunnuvenkum madhyakaalakhattathil ithu vrithiyaakkappettu.
allis" enna peru aadyamaayi 1382-leeii oru sanyasi pattikayil oru fudal feezai rekhappeduthiyittundu. 1712-ll, eee bhoomi paareesile oru pradhana sivil sarvees udyogasthanaaya chaals boucharintethaanennu rekhappeduthiyittundu. 1767ll ithu kaundu piyari gaspard maari grimmod dii oorseyilekku maatti.
160 hector visthruthiyulla oru pradhana krishiyidamaaya grand vivier bhoomiyude bhooribhaagavum kaivashappedutthi. athu kannukaalikaleyum aadukaleyum valarthukayum gothamb, urulakkizhangu, stroberry, beatoot enniva krishi cheyyukayum cheythu. bhoomiyil oru distilariyum undaayirunnu.
innathe pattanatthinte padinjaaru bhaagathekku kadannupokunna ligney dii seox railway 1867 ll thurannu.
1960ll courtaboof industrial paarkkinte vikasanam theerumaanikkukayum aaa varsham november 30nuu pathinayiram veedukalkku athinaduthaayi irikkaan munganana vikasana mekhala srishtikkaanulla theerumaanavum edukkukayum cheythu. munbu burse-surr-wivet, oorse communeukalilppetta naalu faamukal ulppedunna 265 hector bhoomi eee bhawana padhathikkaayi neekkivachu.
1964 march 13 nuu pradeshatthinte vikasanathinu melnottam vahikkunnathinaayi oru nagara jilla sthaapichu. vyavasaya mekhalaykkulla road yoottilittikalum 1966 joolaiyode poortthiyaayi, aadyathe bisinasaaya attokem (ippol motham ezz.eiii.), adutha varsham maarunnu. 1968ll hevlettu-paccard athinte franch aasthaanam vyavasaya mekhalayil srishtichu. athe varsham thanne aadyathe thamasakkaar less ulisilekku thamasam maari, ennirunnaalum ellah veedukalilum vellam ithuvare labhyamayirunnilla.
1971ll less ulisinte aadyathe munisippal kaunsil thiranjedukkappettu. 1973ll kaarephorinte aabhimukhyathil "ulis 2" enna shopping sentar thurannu.
1975leeii sensus prakaram less ulisil 20,283 perr thaamasikkunnu. nagaratthinte bharanaparamaya utharavaaditham pankitta burse-surr-vaitteyudeyum oorseyudeyum janasamkhyayekkaal ithu ganyamaayi kooduthalaayathinaal, 1976 march 14 nuu moonnu nirddeshangalkkidayil theerumaanikkaan oru praadeshika hitaparisodhana nadannu nilavile sthithi nilanirthuka; moonnu pattanangal ulkkollunna oru puthiya kammyoon srishtikkuka; less ulikalkkaayi oru puthiya kammyoon srishtikkuka. oorse, burse-surr-wivet ennividangalile 50 sathamaanathiladhikam watermar avasana oopshane anukoolichappol less ulisile bhooripaksham perum moonnu pattanangal ulppedunna oru communine anukoolichu. rund munisippal kaunsilukalum less ulisinu oru puthiya kammyoon srishtikkunnathine anukoolichu vottu cheythu. 1977 februvari 17 nuu essoninte prefect pooll cooserrand departmentinte 196-aamathe communaayi less ulis srishtichu.
1977 maarchil, pooll loridant less ulisinte meyaraayi thiranjedukkappettu, athesamayam pattanam nirmmaanathilaanu. ezhuthukaaranaaya boris viyaante peril oru tounhaal, oru maarkkat, oru hibrid library, oru saamskaarika kendram ennivayude nirmmaanathinu addeham melnottam vahichu.
1982ll less ulisinte janasamkhya 28,223 aayirunnu. 1985ll ithu oru kantonaayi maari.
janasamkhya.
less ulisile nivaasikale "ulysians" ennu vilikkunnu.
sambadghadana.
europile ettavum valia vyaavasaayika mekhala (moonnaam) paarkk dii aaktivitte dii courtaboof (vistheernnam 378 hector) kendreekarichirikkunnu, aayirathiladikam kambanikal 24,500 perkku jolie nalkunnu. less ulis (pradhaanamaayum), villeban-surr-wivet, villejast enningane moonnu communeukalilaayi eee pradesham vyaapichukidakkunnu. hevlettu-paccard, apple thudangiya niravadhi kambanikalkku avarude franch head offeesukal eee pradeshathundu.
eratta pattanangal-sahodari nagarangal.
less ulis erattakalaana

