
tooad

varanda, thukalniramulla charmmam, cheria kaalukal, parotoid grandhikale moodunna valia bambukal ennivayaal savisheshathayulla chila thavalakalude, prathyekichu buphonidae kudumbatthinte oru saadhaarana peraanu tooad.
thavalakalum thavalakalum thammilulla vyathyasam shaasthreeya vargeekaranathil kaanapedunnilla, marichu janapriya samskaarathil (naadodi vargeekaranam) saadhaaranamaanu, athil thavalakal varandathum parukkanthumaaya charmmavumayum kooduthal bhouma aavaasavyavasthakalumaayum bandhappettirikkunnu.
tooad kudumbangalude pattika.
shaasthreeya vargeekaranathil, todukalil yadhaartha todukalum (bafonidae) mattu pala bhouma allengil warty-skind thavalakalum ulppedunnu.
buphonid allatha "todukal" kudumbangalil kaanaam
jeevashasthram.
saadhaaranayaayi oru todinte charmmatthile ettavum valia bambukal parotoid grandhikale moodunnavayaanu. eee kumilakale saadhaaranayaayi arimbaara ennu vilikkunnu, pakshe avaykku rogalakshanamulla arimbaarakalumaayi yaathoru bandhavumilla, avaa valippathil sthirappeduthunnu, aarogyakaramaya saambilukalil kaanapedunnu, anubadha moolamalla. todukal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu arimbaaraykku kaaranamaakunnu ennathu oru kettukadhayaanu.
prajananam nadathaathavayil ninnu kulangaludeyum thadakangaludeyum prajnana mekhalakalilekku todukal sanjarikkunnu. kulangalilekkulla aavaasathile ettavum pradhanappetta soochanayaanu todukalude vilii ennu boggert (1947) soochippikkunnu.
pala ubhayajeevikaleyum pole todukalum prajnana saitt fidility (philopatry) pradarshippikkunnu. oro american todukalum avarude janmana kulangalilekku madangukayum avide avar sahodarangale inakalaayi kandumuttukayum cheyyum. oru speesheesinullil inbrade udaaharanagal saadhyamaanengilum, sahodarangal apoorvvamaayi maathrame inacherunnulloo. todukal adutha bandhukkalumayulla inacheral thirichariyukayum ozhivaakkukayum cheiyunnu. purushanmaar nalkunna parasya shabdangal sthreekal bandhukkale thirichariyunna soochanakalaayi pravarthikkunnathaayi thonnunnu. bandhukkalude thirichariyal angane inn breeding thathfalamaayundaakunna inn breeding depression ozhivakkaan anuvadikkunnu.
aavaasavyavastha.
yunaittad kingdatthil, saadhaarana todukal palappozhum marangal kayarukayum pollukaliloo koodu pettikaliloo olichirikkukayum cheiyunnu.
saamskaarika chithreekaranangal.
kenneth graahaminte "dhii wind inn dhii villos" (1908) enna novalil misttar. swaarthavum naarsistik aanenkil ishtappedaavunnathum janapriyavumaya oru haasya kathapaathramaanu tooad. emm. tooad veendum oru pradhana kathaapaathramaayi prathyakshappedunnu. eiii. eee pusthakatthe adisthaanamaakkiyulla milneyude naadakam "tooad oof tooad haal" (1929).
chainees samskaarathil, munny tooad (allengil thavala) jiinn chaan samriddhiyude oru feng shuy akarshanamaayi kaanapedunnu.

