
paishaachikashaasthram

mathavishwaasathinum puraanatthinum ullile bhoothangalekkurichulla padanamaanu paishaachikashaasthram. sandarbhathe aashrayich, athu daivashaasthram, mathasidhaantham allengil nigoodathaykkullile padanangale soochippikkaam. pala vishwaasangalilum, ithu bhoothangalude oru sreniyekkurichulla padanavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. manushyathvarahithamo verpeduthaavunnatho aaya aathmaakkalo orikkalum oru shareerathil vasikkaatha avahelanaathmakkalo aavam bhoothangal. eee rund vibhaagangalum thammil palappozhum moorchayulla vyathyasam varaykkaarund, prathyekichu melaneshyakkaarum niravadhi aafrikkan grouppukalum mattullavarum. udaaharanathinu, islaamika jinnukalkku manushya aathmaakkalil maattam varuthaan kazhiyilla. athesamayam, eee klaasukal palappozhum ore phalangal nalkunnavayayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, udha.jii. rogangal.
bhoothangalude vyaapanam.
chila samoohangalude abhipraayathil, prapanchatthinte ellah kaaryangalum aathmaavinte niyanthranathilaayirikkanam, oronnum oru prathyeka "ghadakam" allengil vasthu polum bharikkukayum svayam oru valia aathmaavin vidheyamaakukayum cheiyunnu. udaaharanathinu, inyoottu samudram, bhoomi, aakasham, kaatt, meghangal, prakrithiyile ellaam ennivayile aathmaakkalil vishwasikkunnuvennu parayappedunnu. kadaltheerathe oro kovinum, oro pooyintinum, oro dveepin, pradhana paaraykkum athintethaaya raksha manobhaavamund. ellaam marakamaaya tharathilullavayaanu, amaanushikathayekkurichulla arivilekkulla oru abhyarthanayaal thripthippedaam. parambaraagatha corian vishwaasam anusarichu ennamatta bhoothangal prakrithi lokath vasikkunnu; avaa veettupakaranangal niraykkukayum ellah sthalangalilum kaanappedukayum cheiyunnu. aayirakkanakkin avar yaathrakkaare anugamikkukayum gadakangalil avarude sthalangalil ninnu avare tirayukayum cheiyunnu.
greak thathwachinthakaraaya porphiri oof tayar (plaattonisatthil ninnulla swaadheenam avakashappettavar), athupole kristhyan sabhayude pithakkanmaar, lokam aathmaakkalaal vyaapichukidakkunnave abhiprayappettu, avaril randaamathethu anyamatha devanmaare lakshyamit bhoothangalkku aaradhana labikkumenna vishwaasam valarthi.
aathmaakkalude swabhaavam.
ellah samskaarangalilumulla ellah aathmaakkaleyum dushtaraayi kanakkakkunnilla. madhya aafrikkayil, inyoottukaareppole empongway praadeshika aathmaakkalil vishwasikkunnu; ennaal avaa pradhanamaayi apakeerthikaramaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. vazhiyaathrakkaar aathmaakkalude vaasasthalathinu sameepam aayathinal naamamaathramaaya chila vazhipaadukal nadatthanam. oru vazhiyaathrakkaarante mail maram idichidunnathu polulla edaykkideyulla thamasha niranja pravrithi "oombuviri" ennariyappedunna aathmaakkalude vibhagamaanu nilanirthunnathennu nattukaar vishwasikkunnu.
pala aathmaakkaleyum, prathyekichu prakrithi prakriyakale sambandhichavaye palappozhum nishpakshamo paropakaaraparamo aayi kanakkakkunnu; purathana europian karshakar arippayude samayat dhaanya-aathmavinekkurichulla bhayam valarnnuvarunnu, karshakan aaa aathmaavinte domaine lamghikkukayum daanyam murichu thante swath edukkukayum cheythathinte falamaayi; athupole, kurravulla paanthiyonine dushtanaayi kanakkakkaan oru kaaranavumilla, koodaathe charitraparamaaya thelivukal kaanikkunnath dayakkukalude pettaaraye shathruthaaparamaaya dushicha pravartthakarekkaal manushyaraashiyude adrishya rakshaadhikaarikalaayittaanu kaanunnath.
tharangal.
manushyaraashiyumaayi bandhappedumennu vishwasikkappedunna aathmaakkalaayaanu bhoothangale pothuve tharamthirichirikkunnathu. eee padatthil inipparayunnava ulppedunnu
mattoru lokathil vasikkunnathayi sangalppikkappedunna athmaakkal ozhivaakkappedunnu. ennittum daivangal aathmeeyamallaathathupole, bhoothangaleyum bhouthikamaayi kanakkakkaam; udaaharanathinu, rakthapishaachikale chilappol anubandha kudalulla manushya thalakalaayi visheshippikkaarundu, avaa ratri kaaval samayat jeevichirikkunnavare akramikkaan shavakudeerathil ninnu puratthekku varunnu. madhyakaalakhattatthile inkubikaleyum sukubikaleyum chilappol athmeeya jeevikalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu; ennaal santhathikal (palappozhum roopabhedam sambhavichathaanenkilum) polulla avarude shaareerika asthithvathinte thelivu nalkaan avar karuthappettirunnu. asuranmaaril ulla vishwaasam sahasraabdangal pazhakkamullathaanu. yuddham, pattini, rogam thudangiya prathyeka irunda utharavaadithangalulla 3,333 bhoothangalundennu sorastrian vishwaasam padippikkunnu.
purathana mesopotamian matham.
purathana mesopotemiyakkaar vishwasichirunnathu adholokam (kurr) niravadhi bhoothangalude vaasasthalamaanennu, avaye chilappol "araliyude santathi" ennu vilikkunnu. eee bhoothangal chilappol adholokam vittu bhoomiyile manushyare bhayappeduthiyekkaam. adholokathil vasikkunnathayi vishwasikkappedunna oru vibhaagam bhoothangal "galla" ennariyappettirunnu; nirbhagyakaramaaya manushyare kurthilekku thirike valichizhakkuka ennathaayirunnu avarude praadhamika lakshyam. maanthrika grandhangalil avaye pathivayi paraamarsikkunnu, chila grandhangal avaye ennathil ezhaayi vivarikkunnu. nilavilulla niravadhi kavithakal dumusid devane adholokathilekku valichizhakkunna "galla" yeei vivarikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, mattu bhoothangaleppole, "gaala" yum dayayullathaayirikkaam, koodaathe lagashile (bii. sii. 2144-2124) rajaavaaya gudiyayude oru sthuthigeethathil, igg-alima enna cheria daivathe girsuvinte "mahanaaya" gaala "ennu visheshippikkunnu. mesopotamian mathaparamaya achaarangalil bhoothangalkku oru aaradhanayum undaayirunnilla, kaaranam bhoothangalkku bhakshanam ariyilla, paaneeyam ariyilla, maav arppikkaruth, yaagam kazhikkaruth."
abrahamic mathangal.
joothamatham.
yahoodamathathinu bhoothangalekkurichu oru bhoothashaasthramo oru koottam sidhaanthangalo illa.
lucifer" enna perinte upayogam oru prathyeka babylonian raajaavinte paraajayathekkurichu samsaarikkunna oru bhaagathil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath, avarkk athu oru thalakkett nalkunnu, athu engleeshil day staar allengil morning staar ennu vilikkappedunnathine soochippikkunnu (laattin bhashayil, "lucifer", "laitt-bear" ennartham varunna "loosam ferre" enna vaakkukalil ninnu).
grigori maalaakhamaar kaanunnathupole, lillith aadam vidunnuvenno vaambayarmaar polulla bhoothangal, dibbook polulla jootha naadodikkadhakalile aswasthaathmaakkal thudangiya bhoothangal undayathaayi jootha madhyakala aithihyangalilum aithihyangalilum onniladhikam udaaharanangalund.
kristhumatham.
kristheeya veekshanakonil ninnu bhoothangalekkurichulla padanamaanu kristhyan demonology. ithu praadhamikamaayi baibil (pazhaya niyamavum puthiya niyamavum), thiruvezhuthukalude vyaakhyaanam, aadyakaala kristhyan thathwachinthakarudeyum sanyasimaarudeyum rachanakal, paarambaryam, mattu vishwaasangalil ninnu ulppeduthiya ithihaasangal ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
aadyakaala greak pazhaya niyamathile paishaachikathayude uthbhavam thinmayude rund vyathirikthavum palappozhum malsarikkunnathumaaya puranangalil ninnu kandethaamenn chila pandithanmaar abhipraayappedunnu-adamic, enochic.
aadya paarambaryam-adamic paarambaryam-eadan thottatthil adamin eevineyum vanchicha sarppam moolamundaakunna manushyante pathanavumaayi bhoothangale bandhippikkunnu. angane, saathaante lamghanathilekkum manushyante pathanatthilekkum thinmayude uravidam adamic katha kandethunnu, aadaaminteyum eevudeyum pusthakangalil prathifalikkunna oru pravanatha, daivathe aaraadhikkaanum keezhadanganum visammathichathiloode saathaante adhapathanathinulla kaaranam vishadeekarikkunnu.
mattoru paarambaryam-aadyakaala enochic paarambaryam-puraathanakaalakhattatthile maalaakhamaarude pathanavumaayi bhoothangale bandhippikkunnu. aasaaselinte neethrthwathilulla veenathukaarkk labhicha kathaye adisthaanamaakkiyaanu eee paarambaryam bhoothangalude uthbhavathekkurichulla daaranaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. azazel, satan ennee eee rund nigooda vyakthikal aadyakaala jootha paishaachikashaasthrathil roopaathmaka swaadheenam cheluthiyathaayi pandithanmaar vishwasikkunnu. avarude aashayaparamaaya yaathrakalude thudakkathil assasal saathaanteyum praathinidhyam azhimathiyude vyathirikthamaya kaaranangalumayi bandhapetta rund vyathirikthavum palappozhum ethiraaliyumaaya pravanathakalaanennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, pilkkala jootha, kristhyan paishachika sidhaanthangalil rund athiraalikalkkum parasparam athath kathakal puthiya aashayaparamaaya kazhivukalil nalkaan kazhiyum. pilkkala paarambaryangalil satan palappozhum veenupoya maalaakhamaarude nethaavaayi chithreekarikkappedunnu, athesamayam addehathinte aashayaparamaaya ethiraaliyaaya assassel aadaaminteyum havvayudeyum vasheekarikkunnayaalaayi chithreekarikkappedunnu. charitraparamaaya joothamatham bhoothangalekkurichulla oru koottam sidhaanthangaleyum orikkalum amgeekarichillenkilum, naadukadathalinu sheshamulla escatology, enchalolaji, demonology ennivayude ashayangal sorostrianism swaadheenichathaayi pandithanmaar vishwasikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee ashayangal kabalik paarambaryatthinte bhagamaayaanu sweekarichathennu chilar vishwasikkunnu. lucifer satan ennathum ore sathayude vyathyastha perukalaanennu innu palarum vishwasikkumbol, ellah pandithanmaarum eee kazhchappadinodu yojikkunnilla.
kristheeya charithrathiludaneelamulla niravadhi ezhuthukaar vividha aavasyangalkkaayi bhoothangalekkurichu ezhuthiyittundu. thomas akvinaasineppolulla daivashaasthranjar kristhyaanikal arinjirikkenda perumaattangalekkurich ezhuthiyittundu, athesamayam heinrich kraamarineppolulla manthravaadikalaaya vettakkar bhoothangalumaayi bandhappettavaraanennu avar vishwasikkunna aalukale engane kandethaamennum enthucheyyanamennum ezhuthi. solamante cheria thacol allengil oonariyas marpappayude grimoire polulla chila grandhangal (iva, aadyakaala kayyezhuthuprathikal, eee vyakthikal marichathinusheshamullavayaane) daivathinte peril bhoothangale engane vilippikkaam ennathinekkurichulla nirddeshangalumaayi ezhuthappettavayaanu, palappozhum sabhaykkullil bahumaanikkappedunna vyakthikalaanu ithu ezhuthiyathennu avakaashappedunnu. eee randaamathe grandhangal saadhaaranayaayi kooduthal vishadamaayavayaayirunnu, avaa bhoothangalude perukalum raankukalum vivaranangalum vyakthigathamaayum vyakthamayum nalkunnu. mikka kristhyaanikalum eee grandhangale paishaachikamo saangalppikamo ennu pothuve nirasikkunnu. lutheranmaar paishachikathayil vishwasikkunnavaro pishaachin paridhiyillaattha shakthikalundenno catholicar aaropichu.
aadhunika kaalath, chila paishachika grandhangal kristhyaanikal ezhuthiyittundu, saadhaaranayaayi thomas akvinaasinte samanamaaya sirayil, lokathil avayude phalangalum vishwaasam avayude naashanashtangal engane kuraykkukayo illaathaakkukayo cheiyumennu vishadeekarikkunnu. jacq chick, joonn tooad thudangiya chila kristhyan ezhuthukaar cramerinu samanamaaya uddeshyathode ezhuthunnu, bhoothangalum avayude manushya ejantumaarum lokath sajeevamaanenn prakhyaapikkunnu. eee avakaashavaadangal mukhyadharaa prathyayashaasthrathil ninnu vyathichalichekkaam, koodaathe kristheeya paara bhoothangale swaadheenikkunna oru maarggamaan enna vishwaasangal ulppettekkaam.
ellah kristhyaanikalum aksharaarthatthil bhoothangal nilanilkkunnuvennu vishwasikkunnilla. apasmaram, maanasikarogam muthalaayava ennu naam ippol thirichariyunna rogashanti chadangukalude bhaagamaayirunnu puthiya niyamathile bhoothochaadana bhasha ennu chilar vishwasikkunnu.
islam.
islaaminu paishaachikashaasthrathinte saidhaanthika shreniyilla. chila muslim pandithanmaar jinnukaleyum bhoothangaleyum tharamthirikkaan shramichuvenkilum, sthaapithamaaya vargeekaranamilla, jinnukalkkulla padangal ovarlaappu cheiyukayo parasparam upayogikkappedukayo cheyyaam. jinnukalude peru nalkunnathum saamskaarika swaadheenathe aasrayichirikkunnu. islaamika "paishaachikashaasthram" ennathum suvolajiyaanenn juuliyas welhousen parayunnu. pala paishaachikamo raakshasamo polulla asthithvangalum poornnamaayum aathmeeyamalla, marichu shaareerika swabhaavamullathum mrugangalumaayi bandhappettathumaan. alle-jahij oru pradhana vargeekaranam nadathiyittundu
jarmman ooriyantalist almut weeland-karimi jinnukale naadodi saahithyathil paraamarshichirikkunna ettavum saadhaaranamaaya patthu vibhagangalaayi tharamthirichu
purushanmaare vasheekarikkan sthreekalaayi prathyakshappedunna roopangal maattunnavaraayathinaal, gulum siala palappozhum ooriyantalistukale avare verthirikkaan velluvilikkunnu. arabi ardhathil oru gull, siyaa ulppede eathu roopabhedam srishtikkunna athmaavinum eee padam upayogikkunnu. koodaathe, marrid ifrit verthirichariyaan prayaasamaan, kaaranam avaa palappozhum parasparam upayogikkappedunnu, udaaharanathinu "ayiram oru raathriyil". ennirunnaalum, rund sthaapanangalkkum mattonnil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya swathukkalundu. maaridil ninnu vyathyasthamayi prathikaram thedunna marichavarude prethangalumaayi ifrit bandhappettirikkunnu. maruvashathu, married sathyavaanmaarude sahayikalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, maalaakhamaaril ninnu vivarangal labhikkaan svarggathilekku shramikkunnu, athesamayam ifrit cheiyunnilla.
koodaathe, pershyan sidhaanthathile jinnukalude tharamaan perry, deva enniva. daivanmaar saathaante keezhudyogastharaaya shaayatheenmaarod saamyamullavaraayirikkul, peris devayod pooraadunna nalla jinnukalaanu. ennirunnaalum, aalukalkk deshyam vannal perry apakadathilaakkaam.
ahamed alle-buni naalu ifrithukale archdemansumaayi vivarikkunnu, islaaminte naalu pradhana maalaakhamaarkku virudhamaayi vyaasamullava. avarkk svanthamaayi "shayatin" ("shaytan" enna bahuvachanam) undu, avar shayaathinte nethaavaayi kanakkaakkappedunna iblisinu keezhilaanu.
budhamatham.
parambaraagathamaayi, paapikale peedippikkukayum manushyare paapatthilekku pralobhippikkukayum cheiyunna bhoothangal adhivasikkunna narakangalude nilanilpp budhamatham sthireekarikkunnu, allengil avarude prabudhathaye paraajayappeduthaan sramikkunna, samskritha srothassukalil maara enna raakshasan pradhana pralobhakanaayum "iruttinte rajakumaaranaayum" allengil "dushtanaayum".
maarayude anuyaayikale "maara", pishachukkal ennum vilikkaarundaayirunnu, avar palappozhum rogathinteyo maanasika thadassangalude praathinidhyathinteyo kaaranamaayi paraamarshikkappedunnu.
maara" chainees lokaveekshanathil poornnamaayum swaamsheekarikkappedukayum "moow" ennu vilikkappedukayum cheythu.
paishachika swaadheenangalude valia kolahalangalkkidayil" budhamathatthinte asannamaaya thakarchayum thakarchayum enna ashayam eiii. onnaam noottaandil chainayil athiyappol thanne budhamathatthinte oru pradhana gadakamaayirunnu.dii.maikkal strickman parayunnathanusarichu. paishachika sakthikal lokathil valia shakti nediyirunnu. akkaalathe chila ezhuthukaare sambandhichidatholam, aathyanthikavum mishihaikavumaaya naveekaranathinulla thayyaareduppinaayi manushyarashi shudheekarikkukayum shudheekarikkukayum cheiyunna oru "praadhamika shudheekaranam" nadappaakkuka enna uyarnna uddeshyathinaayi eee avastha nirddeshikkappettu.
madhyakala chainees budhamatha raakshasopadesham indian budhamathathaal valareyadhikam swaadheenikkappettu. indian paishaachikathaye likhitha srothassukalil poornnamaayum chittayodeyum vivarichittundenkilum, chainayil budhamathathinte noottaandukalude nerittulla swaadheenathil, niravadhi indian bhoothangal thaavoyist aachaaragrandhangalil polum sthiramaaya idam kandethiyathode "chainees paishachikatha manyamaaya roopathilekku chadikkappettu". lokam maarunnathinanusarichu swarggavum narakavum maarunnuvennum manushyarajyam maarunna vyathyastha reethikalkku anuyojyamaaya reethiyil vyathyastha bhoothangalulla niravadhi puthiya narakangal srishtikkaan kazhiyumennum kshitigarbha soothrathil parayunnu.
chainees budhamathavum thaavoyisathe narakavishwaasangalaal swaadheenikkukayum thaavoyisttukal oduvil avarude swantham paishaachikavidya konduvarikayum athu narakatthile aathmaakkalekkurichulla naadodi vishwaasangal srishtikkukayum cheythu, ithu rund mathangalil ninnulla vishwaasangalude samyojanamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, narakatthile bhoothangale abrahamic vishwaasangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi kaanunnu, avar shudhamaaya thinmayalla, narakatthinte kaavalkkaraanu, ennirunnaalum avare ippozhum kshudrajeevikalaayi kaanunnu. budhamathatthinte hindu swaadheenangalil ninnu vanna yamaraan avare bharikkunath, ennaal chila vedagrandhangalum vishwaasangalum narakatthil 18 vyathyastha yamangalundennum avarkk arikil asuranmaarudeyum marichavarudeyum sainyamundennum parayunnu.
koodaathe, oru pradhana mahayana budhamatha grandhamaaya shoorangama soothram ambathu paishachika avasthakale vivarikkunnu ambathu skanda maarangal ennu vilikkappedunnava, sariyaaya samaadhiyude (dhyana agiranam) "negatteevu" kannaadi polulla prathiphalanangalo vyathiyaanangalo aanu. eee pashchaathalatthil, bhoothakale chila amanushika shakthikalulla jeevikalaayi budhamathakkaar kanakkakkunnu, avar munkaalangalil budhante padippikkalaaya dharmam anushttichirikkaam, pakshe athu parisheelichathinaal buddhan allengil bodhisathvaneppolulla prabudhanaaya oru jeeviyude avibhajyamaaya savisheshathakalaaya yadhaartha njaanavum yadhaartha anukambayum vikasippikkunnathil thettayi parajayappettu. irupathaam noottaandile pramukha tibattan budhamatha guruyaaya tulkku urgyen rinpoche thante aathmakadhayil atharam jeevikalumaayulla ettumuttalukalekkurichu vivarikkunnu. athinaal, sandarbhathe aashrayich, budhamathathil bhoothangal aswasthamaaya maanasikaavasthakaleyum yadhaartha jeevikaleyum soochippikkaam.
hindumathathinte.
vedagrandhangalil bhoothangalaayi tharamthirikkaavunna niravadhi athmaakkal (vettalukal, rakshasanmaar, bhoothangal, pishaachakal) ulppedunnu. chila prathyeka papangal cheytha jeevikalude aathmaakkalaanu eee athmaakkal. shudheekarikkunnathinula shikshayaayi, punarjanmam vare shaareerika roopamillaathe deerghakaalam karanguvaan avar vidhikkappedunnu. poorttheekarikkappedaathu aagrahangalo kopamo kondu maricha jeevikalum atharam prasnangal pariharikkappedunnathuvar "nilanilkkunnu" ennu parayappedunnu. hindu grandhamaaya atharvvavedathil atharam aathmaakkale engane bodhyappedutthaam/niyantrikkaam ennathulppede avarude prakrithiyekkurichum aavaasavyavasthayekkurichum oru vivaranam nalkunnu. atharam aathmaakkale niyantrikkaan sramikkunna manthravaada paarambaryangal hindumathathilundu. hindu grandhamaaya garudapuranam narakatthil nalkappedunna mattu tharatthilulla shikshakalum vidhikalum vishadeekarikkunnu; aathmaav engane thaazhathe lokangalilekku sanjarikkunnu ennathinekkurichum ithu oru vivaranam nalkunnu.
sorostrian matham.
sorastrian paarambaryatthil, ahura masda, oru mainyu chelavazhicha nanmayude shakti enna nilayil, angra mainyu allengil ahriman ennariyappedunna oru dushta shakthiyumaayulla oru cosmic yudhathil vijayikk.

