kyrgyzstan-usbekistan athirthi

kyrgyzstan-usbekistan athirthi neelamullathum kasaakhisthaanumaayulla tripoyint muthal tajikistanumayulla tripoyint vare neelamullathumaanu. kyrgystante ettavum dairkhyameriya baahya athirthiyaanithu.
vivaranam.
athirthi vadakku kassakhsthaanumaayulla tripoyintil ninnu aarambikkukayum thudarnnu kassakhsthaaninum kyrgyzstan idayil usbekistan pradeshatthinte oru 'viral' srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu; athirthi puskem parvathanirakaliloode kadannupokunnu, eee pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagavum niravadhi deseeya udyaanangal (uzbekhstanile ugam-chatkal desheeyodyaanam, kyrgyzstanile besh-aral stettu nechar reserve) ettedukkunnu. vadakku-kizhakk dishayilekku neengunna athirthi, chathukkal parvathanirakaliloodeyum khurma parvathanirakaliloodeyum kadannupokukayum pinneedu varsik pattanathinaduthulla fergana thaazhvarayilekku praveshikkukayum cheiyunnu. kizhakkan usbekkisthaante 'ambadayaalam' aakruthiyilulla valanja rekhakalude oru parambara ulkkollunna athirthiyude backie bhagam valare churundathaanu. eee ambinte vadakku bhaagath madhyathil usbekistan pradeshatthinte oru pooyint adangiyirikkunnu, ithu kyrgyzs pattanamaya kerbante padinjaaru attathu oru cheria usbekistan pene-enclave srishtikkunnu. baanatthinte 'attam' khaanaabaadinte kizhakk bhagathaanu sthithicheyyunnathu. athirthi thudarnnu padinjaaru bhaagathekku tajika tripointilekku oru parambarayaayi munnott pookunnu.
athirthiyude ettavum vadakke bhagam parvathapradeshavum janasandrata kuranjathumaanu, janasaandrathayeriya fergana thaazhvarayiloode kadannupokunna bakkiyullavayil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaan.
usbekistan railway shringalaykku eee athirthi kadakkunna niravadhi vibhaagangalund, kyrgyzstanile oru pidi steshanukal cheria branch lainukalude attathu avasheshikkunnu, reyilveyude kizhakke bhagam rund thavana athirthi kadakkunnu. annathe aabhyanthara athirthikal pariganikkathe adisthaana soukaryangal nirmmicha soviyatt kaalaghattatthinte paarambaryamaanithu.
enclaveukal.
athirthiyil niravadhi enklevukalundu uzbekhstanile (barak) oru kyrgyzs enclave kyrgyzstanil (sokhu, shohimaardan, jaani-aayil/jangail, choon-kaara/kalaacha) naalu uzbekis enklevukalum.
charithram.
pathonpathaam noottaandil russia madhya eshya keezhadakkiyappol munbu swathanthramaayirunna kokandu, khiva ennee khaanettukalum bukhara emirettum koottichertthu. 1917ll kammyoonistukaar adikaaram ettedukkukayum soviyatt union roopeekarikkukayum cheytha sesham, deseeya praadeshika athirthi nirnayam (allengil enn. tii. dii) ennariyappedunna oru prakriyayil madhyeshya vamseeya adhishtitha republicukalaayi vibhajikkaan theerumaanichu. ithu communist sidhaanthathinu anusrithamaayirunnu, deseeyatha oru communist samoohathilekkulla paathayile oru anivaarya chuvaduveppaayirunnu, koodaathe oru raashtrathe "oru pothu bhasha, pradesham, saambathika jeevitam, oru pothu samskaarathil prakadamaaya maanasika ghadana ennivayude adisthaanathil roopeekaricha charitraparamaayi roopappettathum susthiravumaaya janangalude samooham" ennaanu joseph staalin nirvachichathu.
communistukal virudhar saadhaaranayaayi enn. tii. diye bhinnippikkunnathinum bharikkunnathinumulla oru nindyamaaya vyaayaamamallathe mattonnumallenn chithreekarikkunnu, oro samsthaanathum nyoonapakshangale upekshikkunnathinayi manahpoorvvam athirthikal varachukondu, pradeshathe nivaasikale krithrimamaayi vyathyastha rajyangalaayi vibhajichu soviyatt aadhipathyam nilanirthaanulla staalin manahpoorvvam nadatthiya oru mashiavellian sramamaanithu. udaaharanathinu udaaharanathinu basmachi prasthaanatthil prakadippichathupole paan-turkey desheeyathayude saadhyamaaya bheeshaniyil soviyattukal aashankaakularaanenkilum, praadhamika srothassukal nalkunna sookshumamaaya vishakalanam saadhaaranayaayi avatharippikkunnathinekkaal valare sookshumamaaya chithram varaykkunnu.
vamsheeyamaayi ekeekritha republicukal srishtikkaan soviyattukal lakshyamittirunnuvenkum pala pradeshangalum vamsheeyamaayi mishrithamaayirunnu (udha.jii. fergana thaazhvara), chila aalukalkk oru 'sariyaaya' vamseeya label nalkunnathu palappozhum budhimuttaanennu thelinju (udha.jii. mixed tajika-uzbek saartt, allengil amu daryaykkaduthulla vividha turkmen/usbekistan gothrangal). praadeshika deseeya varenyavarggakkaar thangalude kesum soviyattukalum thammil vidhi parayaan nirbandhitharaakukayum vidagdha arivillaaymayum pradeshathe krithyamaayatho kaalikamo aaya ethnographic daattayude abhavavum moolam kooduthal thadassappedukayum cheythu. koodaathe, saambathika, bhoomishaasthra, kaarshika, adisthaana soukarya vishayangal kanakkiledukkukayum vamsheeyathaye marikadakkukayum cheiyunna 'praayogika' sthaapanangal srishtikkaanum enn. tii. dii lakshyamidunnu. mothatthilulla deseeya chattakkoodinullil eee parasparavirudhamaaya lakshyangal santhulithamaakkaanulla sramam valare budhimuttullathum palappozhum asaadhyavumaanennu thelinju, athinte falamaayi palappozhum sankeernamaaya athirthikalum onniladhikam enklevukalum varaykkukayum 'thettaaya' republicil jeevikkunna valia nyoonapakshangalude anivaryamaaya srishtiyum undaayi. koodaathe, eee athirthikal innatheppole anthaaraashtra athirthikalaakaan soviyattukal orikkalum uddeshichirunnilla.
1920 august 26 nuu innathe kajakisthaante vadakkan bhagavumaayi ekadesham yojikkunna pradeshathu (eee samayat kajakukale 'kyrgyzs' ennu vilikkunna) 1920 august 26 nuu nirmmicha eee pradeshathu vamseeya adisthaanathil pradeshatthinte enn. tii. dii. 1920-ll thanne nirddeshikkappettirunnu. eee samayat madhya eshyayil russian ezz. eph. ezz. aarr.-ll rund svayambharana soviyatt soshyalist republicukal (assu) ulppettirunnu 1918 eprilil srishticha turkistan assr, ippol thekkan kajakistan, usbekistan, tajikistan, turkmenistan, kyrgyzs svayambharana soviyatt soshyalist republic (bhoopadatthil kyrgyzs assu, kyrgyzstan assu) ennivayude valia bhagangal ulkkollunnu.iii. parvathapradeshangalil vasikkunna 'black-kyrgyzs'). 1920ll redu armi etteduthathinethudarnnu bukharaa emirettinteyum khava khanettinteyum rund vyathyastha pingamikalaaya 'republicukal' bukhara, khoresam peeples soviyatt republicukalaayi parivartthanam cheyyappettu.
1924 februvari februvari soviyatt yooniyante poolit beuro kendra kammittiyum madhyeshyayil enn. tii. diyumayi munnott pookumennu prakhyaapichu. eee prakriyayude melnottam vahikkendathu central eshyan beuroyude oru prathyeka kammittiyaanu, oronninum moonnu upasamithikalundaayirunnu, oronnum mekhalayile pradhana deseeyathakalaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu (kasaakhukal, turkman, usbekkukal), appol jolie valare vegathilaayirunnu. khuresum bukharayum nilanirthaanulla prarambha padhathikal undaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum avarude communist paarttikalude palappozhum shabdamuyarthunna ethirppinethudarnnu 1924 eprilil avare vibhajikkaan theerumaanichu (khuresam kammyoonistukaar prathyekichu avarude pii. ezz. aarine nasippikkaan vimukhatha kaanikkukayum aaa varsham joolaiyil swantham pirichuvidalinaayi vottucheyyaan sakthamaaya aayudangal upayogikkukayum cheythu).
fergana thaazhvarayile kudiyettatthinte sammishra swabhaavam kaaranam kyrgyzstan uzbekhstan thammilulla athirthi varaykkaan valare budhimuttaayirunnu. oru niyamamenna nilayil praadeshika kammittikal naadodi pradeshangal kyrgyzs janathaykkum sthirathaamasamaakkiya pradeshangal usbekkukalkkum nalki. ennirunnaalum kyrgyzs sthaapanathinu pattanangal illennum ithu saambathika vikasanathinu thadassamaakumennum soviyattukalkk thonni. ekkaaranathaalaanu kyrgyzsine usbekistan janasamkhyayulla oru pattanamaya oosh nalkiyathu. andijan, margillan, jala -baadh ennivayekkurichu kooduthal tharkkangal undaayi; oduvil aadya rund usbekkukaarkkum randaamathethu kyrgyzs janathaykkum nalkappettu. 
usbekistan ssril khojand mekhalayum ippol tajikistan ennu vilikkunna backie bhaagangalum tajik asraayum ulppettirunnathinaal yadhaarthathil athirthi valare dairkhyameriyathaayirunnu. 1929ll athirthi athinte nilavile sthaanam ettedukkukayum tajikistan khojand nedukayum oru poornna ssr aayi maarukayum cheythu. aadhunika kyrgystante athirthikalumaayi poruthappedunna karaa-kyrgyzs svayambharana oblaast 1924 octoberil russiayile ssaarinullilaayirunnu. 1925-ll ithine 1925 meyy maasathil kyrgyzs svayambharana oblaast ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum 1926-ll kyrgyzs assar ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu (kasak assaarinte aadyanaamamaaya kyrgyzs assaarumaayi thettidharikkaruthu), oduvil 1936-ll ithu kyrgyzs ssr aayi maari.
1991ll soviyatt union pirichuvidukayum athinte bharanaghadanaa republicukalude swaathanthryam labikkukayum cheythathinetthudarnnu athirthi oru anthaaraashtra athirthiyaayi maari. 1990ll oosh nagaratthil nadanna kyrgyzs-uzbek kalaapathode samgharshangal ithinakam prakadamaayittundu. athirthi kadannulla bheekarathayude bheeshani choondikkaatti usbekistan athirthiyile bhagangal ekapaksheeyamaayi verthirikkaanum khananam cheyyaanum thudangi. athirthiyile bhagangal verthirikkunnathinum athath enklevukale 'pradhana bhoopradeshavumaayi' bandhippikkunna bhoomi kaimaattam srishtikkunnathinumulla 2001 leeii kararinu kyrgyzstanil mosham sveekaaryatha labhichu, karar orikkalum amgeekarikkappettilla, ithu athirthiyil thudarchayaaya samgharshathilekku nayichu. sameepa varshangalil bandham mechappedukayum athirthiyude bhooribhaagavum verthirikkunna oru athirthi karar 2018 ll oppuvaykkukayum cheythu; enklevukalude avasthayekkurichulla charchakal nilavil nadakkunnu.

