pindus desheeyodyaanam

pindus desheeyodyaanam ("ethnicos drimos pindo"), valia calda ennum ariyappedunnu (sugandhathil choodulla thaazhvara ennartham), greak pradhana bhoopradeshathe oru desheeyodyaanamaanu, pindus parvathanirakalude vadakkukizhakkan bhaagath padinjaaran macedoniayudeyum epairasinteyum paridhiyil otappetta parvathapradeshathaanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu. 1966 ll sthaapithamaaya ithu oru pradesham ulkkollunnu. valia calda thaazhvarayude ettavum valia bhaagavum chuttumulla kodumudikalude charivukalum paarkkinte coor sonil ulppedunnu.
europian black pine, saadhaarana beach, paarakkettukalude malayidukkukal, niravadhi kodumudikal, druthagathiyilulla aruvikal, parvatha thadakangal ennivayude idathoornna vanangal eee desheeyodyaanathinte savisheshathakalaan. vishalamaaya pindus parvathanirakalude mishrita vanaa paristhithi mekhalayude bhagamaaya eee pradesham pindus parvathangalude oru praathinidhya bhagamaanu.
pindus parvathanirakal. koodaathe, samrakshitha pradeshangalude prakrithi 2000 paaristhithika shringalayil pedunna ithu thavitt karadikalude janasamkhyayulla greasile moonnu sthalangalil onnaanu.
bhoomishaasthram.
metsovo pattanatthinu vadakku, vovosa, perivoli, myla ennee graamangalkk sameepamaan grevena, ionina regional yoonit ennivayude athirthikalil eee desheeyodyaanam sthithi cheiyunnathu. samrakshitha pradeshatthinte athirthikalkkullil vaasasthalangalo soukaryangalo illa.
niravadhi kodumudikal uyarathil athunnu; avago, cocoplevery, flega, tria sinora, aftia enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
adisthaana paara roopeekaranangal pradhaanamaayum sarppaakruthiyilullavayaanu, avaa prathyeka shreniyilulla sasyangale pinthunaykkunnu.
kaalavastha.
paarkkinte kaalavastha malayoramaanu, uyarathinum vashathinum anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu. vaarshika mazhayude paridhi, athesamayam sharashari prathimasa thaapanila vyathyaasappedunnu.
jeevashasthram.
sasyajaalangal.
1966ll roopeekaricha eee desheeyodyaanam deseeya thalatthil parvatha jaivavaividyavum aavaasavyavasthayude samagrathayum nilanirthunnathinulla ettavum pradhanappetta samrakshitha mekhalakalilonnaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. europian black pine ("pinas nigra"), kooman beach ("fagus sylvatica") ennivayude vanangal paarkkinte thaazhnna, madhya uyarangalil ulkkollunnu, eee marangalil palathinum 700 varshathilere pazhakkamund. uyarnna uyarangalil, bosnian pine ("pinas holdreachy") vanapradeshangal prabalamaanu, athesamayam ettavum uyarnna uyarangalil, marangalillaatha alpine pulmedukalil chila tharam kuttikkaadukal maathrame kaanappedunnulloo. koodaathe, thaazhvarayude varanda sthalangalum thaazhathe bhaagangalum "buxes sempervirancinte" aadhipathyathaal savisheshamaan, athesamayam "abis borisi-rejis" enna chila vyakthikal pinas nigra, fagus sylvatica vanangalkkidayil chitharikkidakkunnu.
motham 415 inam sasyangalum 86 inam koonn sasyangalum eee pradeshathu rekhappeduthiyittundu. dianthus deltoids", "aliyam breeviradam" thudangiya niravadhi praadeshika pushpangal baalkkanukalil thaddesheeyamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. maruvashathu, madhya, vadakkan greasile niravadhi thaddesheeya sasyangalum "centoria vlacorum" pole desheeyodyaanathil valarunnu. koodaathe, thaazhnna bhoomishaasthraparamaaya paalikalil kaanapedunna pindus parvathanirakalile vanangalile apoorva enangal "minwartia baldachi", "bonmuyellera tymphia", "campanula hockinsiana", "viola dukadjinika", "sailin pindicola" ennivayaanu. aftia, flegga, kaapettan clydy ennee kodumudikalude vadakkan charivukalaanu apoorva sasyangalude shekharanathinulla ettavum pradhanappetta sthalangal. melpparanja sthalangalellaam valare kuthaneyullathum mrugangale meyikkaan budhimuttullathumaanu, athinaal eee pradeshathe vanathinte swaabhaavika punarujjeevanam saadhaaranagathiyil purogamikkunnu, koodaathe niravadhi apoorva sasyangal samrakshikkappedunnu. pindus desheeyodyaanathinte pradeshathu prabalamaaya sarppamann apoorva thaddesheeya sasyajaalangalude valarchaye anukoolikkunnu.
janthujaalangal.
samrakshana munganana inamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna eurasian thavitt karadikalude ("ursas arctose arctose") janasamkhyayulla greasile moonnu pradeshangalil onnaanu desheeyodyaanam.
eee pradeshathe "karadi paarkk" ennum vilikkunnu. linksukal, roow maan, kaattupoochakal ennivayaanu parkkil vasikkunna mattu valia sasthanikal, avasaanathe rund sasthanikale flega vanapradeshathu kaanapedunnu. koodaathe chennaaykkal, beach martens, kaattupanni, chuvanna annaakkal enniva varsham muzhuvanum eee pradeshathu kaanapedunnu. maruvashathu, kuthaneyullathum paarakkettukalullathumaaya balcan thaddesheeya inamaaya balcan chamois (roopikaapra roopikaapra balcanica) kaanapedunnu. 
paarkkinte chila bhaagangalum beach vanangalulla pradeshangalum. aavasa uthppaadanakshamathaye aashrayich athinte janasandrata 3 muthal 5 vare muthal 20 vare vyakthikal vare vyathyaasappedunnu. desheeyodyaanathinte pradesham kadakkunna moonnu cheria nadikalkku valare shudhamaaya vellamundu, avaa ottakathinte nannayi samrakshikkappetta aavaasavyavasthayaanu.
desheeyodyaanathinte pradeshathu anchu tharam vavvalukal vare report cheyyappettittund, athil ettavum saadhaaranamaayath nictovatis ("naiktalisa noktula") aanu. koodaathe, kizhakkan saamrajyapakshi, golden eegil, levent sparohock, lanner faalkkan ennivayulppede 10 tharam apoorva pakshi enangal ulppede 80 ladhikam inam pakshikalkk ithu abhayam nalkunnu.
ithu pradeshatthinte pakshishaasthraparamaaya praadhaanyatthe soochippikkunnu. parkkil kaanapedunna apoorva pakshikalilonnu alpine pulmedukalil kaanapedunna theera larke ("erimophilla alpestries"), venalkkaalath aafrikkayil ninnu kudiyerunna gray gray shrike ("lanius excubitor") ennivayaanu. eee pradeshathe idathoornnathum pakwathayullathumaaya vanangalil velutha puram, madhya pulli, cheria pulli, karutha maramkothi ennivayulppede ettu tharam maramkothi kaanapedunnu.
maanejment.
2003 muthal eee desheeyodyaanam 'northen pindus maanejment bodiyude' bharanaparamaya adhikaarathilaanu. europiludaneelamulla ettavum gurutharamaaya aavaasavyavasthakalum jeevajaalangalum samrakshikkaan lakshyamidunna europian union sarkkaarukalude samrambhamaya naachura 2000-nte bhagamaaya greasile ettu samrakshitha pradeshangal ulppedunna valare valia pradeshatthinte paaristhithika maanejmentinu eee authority utharavaadiyaanu. northen pindus maanejment body', praadeshika phoorast sarveesumaayi chernnu, manushya pravartthanangal niyanthrikkunnathinum samrakshitha pradeshatthinte paaristhithika moolyam nilanirthunnathinum utharavaadithamundu. ennirunnaalum, vaidagdhyathinteyum shaasthra adhishtitha maanejment plaaninteyum abhavam kaaranam eee lakshyam ithuvare avyakthamaayi thudarunnu. athinaal praayogika maanejment nirddeshangalilekku nerittu vivarthanam cheyyaan kazhiyunna samrakshana-adhishtitha gaveshanam nadathendathu valare aavasyamaanu.
maram murikkal, mechil, vettayaadal, malsyabandhanam, kaariloodeyulla praveshanam thudangiya manushya pravartthanangal nirodhichukondu desheeyodyaanathinte kaathal bhagam europian kaunsil 'biogenetic reserve' sonaayi prakhyaapichittundu. paarkkinte buffer sonil pravartthanangalum pothuve niyanthrikkappedunnu. mechilppurangal srishtikkunnathinaayi kannukaali valarthal vidagdhar srishticha vyapakamaaya theepiditthamaayirunnu munbu paarkk neritta ettavum gurutharamaaya apakadam. eee theepidutthangal pinas nigrayudeyum pii. yudeyum valia bhagangal nashippichu. holdreachy vanangal. ennirunnaalum, 1960 muthal, niravadhi vanaa roadukal thurannukondu mechappetta samrakshana nadapadikal kaaranam theepiditthamonnum undayittilla. koodaathe, avago kodumudiykku sameepam oru nireekshana poost sthaapichu. oru jalavaidyutha nilayathinte nirmmaanathinaayi arkaudorema nadhi vazhithirichuvidaanulla samsthaana samrambhamaan desheeyodyaanathinu saadhyathayulla bheeshani. nilavilulla vanamekhalayude valiyoru bhagam vellathaal moodappedumennathinaal eee samrambham parkkil prathikoola swaadheenam cheluthum, athinte falamaayi coor soonn kurayum. mattoru apakadam coor eriyayile uyarnna mechil marddamaanu, athesamayam paarkkinte praanthapradeshathulla niravadhi cheria kalkari uthppaadippikkunna unitukal valareyadhikam aashanka uyarthiyittundu.
vinodam.
europil ettavum kuranja sandarshanavum ettavum kuranja arivumulla desheeyodyaanangalilonnaayi kanakkaakkappedunna pindus desheeyodyaanam eee mekhalayile pradhana roadukalil ninnu sainpost cheythitilla. shaithyakaalam ozhikeyulla azhukku roadukal nalla avasthayilaayathinaal eee pradesham kaalnadayaathraykkulla avasarangal nalkunnu. vadakku ninnu perivoli graamatthil ninnum padinjaaru ninnu miliyaykku sameepam oru track paarkkilekk athicheraam. mavrovoni kodumudiyude uyarathil oru climbing resort sthithicheyyunnu, ithu paarkkinte pradeshathekkulla vinodangalkku anuyojyamaaya aditharayaanu. praadeshika niyamanirmmanam anusarichu, suuryan asthamichathinusesham paarkkinte koril camp cheyyukayum thaamasikkukayum cheyyumbol eathenkilum tharatthilulla jeevajaalangalude shekharanam anuvadaneeyamalla. adhika niyanthranangalil thee kathikkunnathu ulppedunnu, athesamayam kayaking, raafting thudangiya pravarthanangalkku praadeshika vanavalkkaranathil ninnu prathyeka anumathi aavasyamaanu.

