
hypodermic soochi

oru hypodermic soochi (greak bhashayil ninnu hypo-(hypo-= under), δέρμα (derma = skin)), thwakkilekku praveshikkunna medical upakaranangalude oru vibhagamaanu, sharps ennu vilikkunnu, ithu valare nertthathum pollayayathumaaya tube aanu. shareerathilekku padaarthangal kuthivaykkaan (udha.jii.lavana layani, vividha marunnukaloo draavaka marunnukaloo adangiya layani) allengil shareerathil ninnu draavakangal verthirichedukkuka (udha.jii.raktham). valia-booar hypodermic edapedal vinashakaramaaya rakthakshaamathino shock chikilsikkunnathino prathyekichum upayogapradamaanu.
draavakangalude druthagathiyilulla vitharanathino allengil kuthivacha padaartham kazhikkaan kazhiyaathappol, athu agiranam cheyyappedaathathukondo (insulin pole) karaline doshakaramaayi baadhikkunnatho aayathinal oru hypodermic soochi upayogikkunnu. chharddi kaaranam vaayiloode vitharanam cheyyaan kazhiyaatha chila marunnukal vitharanam cheiyunnathum upayogapradamaanu. oru kuthivayppinu saadhyamaaya niravadhi vazhikalundu, intramuscular (oru peshiyilekku), intravinus (oru sirayilekku) ennivayaanu ettavum saadhaaranam. oru hypodermic syrinchinu avasana upayogam kazhinju varshangal vare draavakavum rakthavum nilanirthaanulla kazhivundu, oro thavanayum oru puthiya syrinch upayogikkunnathinu valareyadhikam shradhikkanam. 
vandhyamkarana avasthakal aavasyamulla gaveshana parithasthithikalilum hypodermic soochi oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu. hypodermic soochi oru sterail substrate kuthivaykkumbol malineekaranam ganyamaayi kuraykkunnu. hypodermic soochi rund kaaranangalal malineekaranam kuraykkunnu onnamathaayi, athinte uparithalam valare minusamaarnnathaan, ithu soochiyude uparithalathile kramakkedukalkkidayil vaayuviloodeyulla rogakaarikal kudungikkidakunnathil ninnu thadayunnu, athu pinneedu maadhyamangalilekku kaimaattam cheyyappedum (udha.jii. aggar) malineekaranavasthukkalaayi; randaamathaayi, soochiyude uparithalam valare moorchayullathaanu, ithu membron panchar cheythathinu sesham avasheshikkunna dwaarathinte vyaasam ganyamaayi kuraykkukayum thalphalamaayi eee dwaarathekkaal valia sookshumaanukkale substrate malinamaakkunnathil ninnu thadayukayum cheiyunnu.
charithram.
aadyakaala upayogavum pareekshanavum.
paambukadiyettathum visham kalarthiyathumaaya aayudhangalude nireekshanangalil ninnu marunnu vitharanam cheiyunna oru reethiyaayi purathana greekkukaarum romakkarum kuthivayppu ariyamaayirunnu. pazhaya niyamathilum homarinte pravarthanangalilum "abhishekam", "pravartthanam" ennivayekkurichulla paraamarsangalundu, ennaal niyamaanusrithamaaya oru medical upakaranamenna nilayil kuthivayppu pathinezhaam noottaand vare yadhaarthathil paryavekshanam cheyyappettirunnil. 
christopher renn 1656-ll naaykkalil intravinus kuthivayppu nadatthi asamskritha hypodermic soochikal upayogichu sthireekaricha aadyakaala pareekshanangal nadatthi. eee pareekshanangalil mrugangalude moothrasanchikalum (syrinchaayi) goose kvilukalum (soochiyaayi) upayogichu naaykkalkku karupp polulla marunnukal intravinus aayi nalki. parambaraagathamaayi vaayiloode nalkunna marunnukal sirakaliloode phalapradamaakumo ennariyaan renninum mattullavarkkum pradhana thaalpparyamundaayirunnu. 1660kalil jeey. dii. keel aandu jeey mejar. ezz. berlinile elsholts aanu manushyaril kuthivayppukal aadyamaayi pareekshichathu. eee aadyakaala pareekshanangal pothuve phalapradamallaathathum chila sandarbhangalil maarakavumaayirunnu. rund noottaandukalaayi kuthivayppu anukoolamallaathayi.
pathonpathaam noottaandile vikasanam.
pathonpathaam noottaandil opiyettukalum strikeninum polulla cheria alavil phalapradamaaya marunnukalude vikasanam kandu. ithu vaidyashaasthrathinte nerittullathum niyantrithavumaaya prayogatthil oru puthiya thaalparyam valarthi. "hypodermic marunnukalile mungananayekkurichulla chodyathe chuttippattiyaan chila vivaadangal."1844ll irelandile dablinile meeth ashupathriyil aadyathe vijayakaramaya kuthivayppu nadathiyathinte bahumati airish doctor francis raindinundu. 
alexander vudinte pradhana sambhavana 1851-leeii ool-glass sirinchaayirunnu, ithu glassiloode nireekshikkunna draavakathinte alavu adisthaanamaakki alavu kanakkakkaan upayokthaavine anuvadichu. maram praadhamikamaayi praadeshikavalkkaricha, subcutaneous kuthivayppu (praadeshikavalkkaricha anastheshya) prayogikkunnathinu hypodermic soochikalum sirinchukalum upayogichu, athinaal krithyamaaya dosukalil athra thaalpparyamundaayirunnil. 
edinburghile vudinte pravarthanatthinu oresamayam, leone chaals pravas swantham roopakalppanayilulla oru syrinch upayogichu aadukalil sub-dermal kuthivayppukal pareekshichu. 3 centimeter (1.18 inch) neelavum 5 milleemettar (0.2 inch) vyaasavumulla oru hypodermic soochi pravas roopakalppana cheythu; ithu poornnamaayum velli kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu. 
1858ll subcutaneous injectione vivarikkan "hypodermic" enna padam nirmmichathinte bahumati lunden sarjanaaya chaals hunderinu labhikkunnu. eee peru rund greak padangalil ninnaan uthbhavichathu "hypo", "under", "derma", "skin". koodaathe, kuthivayppu vedanayulla pradeshathodu ethratholam saameepyathilaanenkilum oru rogiyude vedana laghookarichuvennu shradhichathinu sesham kuthivayppinte vyavasthaapitha phalangal amgeekarichathinte bahumati vettakkaaranaan. aadhunika hypodermic soochiyude uthbhavam mathramalla, orikkal nalkia marunninte phalathekkurichulla viyojipum kaaranam vettakkaaranum maravum oru neenda tharkkathil earppettirunnu.
aadhunika mechappeduthalukal.
doow. francis rind (1801-1861) aadyathe "pollayaya soochi" emssil hypodermic syrinchaayi upayogichu. irelandile maargarat cox 6/3/1844.
doow. oru medical saankethikavidyayaayi kuthivayppu janapriyamaakkukayum sweekarikkukayum cheythathinum athupole hypodermic soochiyude vyapakamaaya upayogathinum sveekaaryathaykkum maram valiyathothil credit cheyyaavunnathaanu. pathonpathaam noottaand muthal hypodermic soochiyude adisthaana saankethikavidya valia thothil maattamillathe thudarunnu, ennaal varshangal purogamikkukayum medical, raasa parijnjaanam mechappedukayum cheyyumbol, surakshyum falapraptiyum vardhippikkunnathinaayi cheria parishkkaranangal nadathiyittundu, soochikal valare prathyeka upayogangalkkayi roopakalppana cheyyukayum krameekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. valia alavil kaikaaryam cheiyunnathino aaghaatham allengil dialysis krameekaranangalil kaimaattam cheiyunnathino hypodermic soochikal anivaaryamaan. 1920kalil, prathyekichu prameharogikalkku insulin nalkunnathinaayi, upayogikkunnathinulla soochi nirddishta pravanatha aarambhichu. 
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte arambham yudhakkalathil morphin, pensilin ennivayude upayogathinaayi bhaagikamaayi dispossible sirinchukalude aadyakaala vikasanathinu kaaranamaayi. poornnamaayum dispossible hypodermic soochiyude vikasanam 1950-kalil niravadhi kaaranangalal prothsaahippikkappettu. corian yuddham rakthakshaamam srishtikkukayum prathikaranamaayi dispossible, raktham shekharikkunnathinaayi anuvimukthamaaya syrinchukal vikasippikkukayum cheythu. eee kaalayalavil polyoykkethiraaya vyapakamaaya prathirodha kuthivayppinu poornnamaayum dispossible syrinch samvidaanam vikasippikkendathundu.
1950kalil upayogicha soochikalil ninnulla cross malineekaranatthinte uyarchayum amgeekaaravum kandu. ithu 1956-ll nyoosiland faarmasist collin mardok poornnamaayum dispossible plaastik syrinch vikasippikkunnathilekku nayichu. eee kaalayalav soochi savisheshathakalil ninnu pothuvaaya vandhyathayilekkum surakshayilekkum thaalpparyathil maattam varuthi.
1980kalil echuaivi pakarchavyaadhi vardhikkukayum upayogicha soochikalil ninnulla cross malineekaranatthinte surakshayekkurichulla aashanka puthukkukayum cheythu. prathyekichum medical jeevanakkaarude suraksha urappakkunnathinaayi dispossible soochikalil puthiya suraksha niyanthranangal roopakalppana cheythu. pinvalikkaavunna soochikal polulla soochikalil thanne eee niyanthranangal nadappaakki, mathramalla upayogicha soochikal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathilum, prathyekichu innu ellah medical offeesukalilum kaanapedunna haard-surface disposalukal upayogikkunnathilum.
2008 aayappozhekkum plaastik soochikal muzhuvanum ulppaadippikkappedukayum parimithamaaya upayogathilaavukayum cheythu. oru pathipp nirmmichathu vectra (plaastik) sugandha draavaka kristtal polymer upayogichaanu, ithu habil 1.2 millimeter muthal agrathil 0.72 millimeter vare (22 gej mettal soochikk thulyamaanu), aidi/odi anupatham 70 sathamaanamaanu.
nirmmaanam.
tube droying ennariyappedunna oru prakriyayiloode stainless steel allengil neobium tubil ninnaan hypodermic soochikal saadhaaranayaayi nirmmikkunnath, avide tube kramena valichedukkukayum soochi undaakkukayum cheiyunnu. soochi eluppathil charmmathilekku thulachukayaraan anuvadikkunna moorchayulla oru agram srishtikkaan soochikk attam kettiyirikkunnu.
gej.
oru hypodermic soochiyude vyaasam alakkunnathinulla pradhana samvidaanam birmingham gej aanu (stubs ayann vayar gej ennum ariyappedunnu); franch gej pradhaanamaayum kathettarukalkkaanu upayogikkunnathu. eathoru gejinum vividha soochi neelangal labhyamaan. saadhaarana vaidyashaasthra upayogathilulla soochikal 7 gej (ettavum valuth) muthal 33 (ettavum cheruth) vareyaanu. 21-gej soochikal saadhaaranayaayi parisodhana aavasyangalkkaayi raktham edukkaan upayogikkunnu, koodaathe 16-allengil 17-gej soochikal saadhaaranayaayi rakthadaanathinaayi upayogikkunnu, kaaranam athinte falamaayundaakunna thaazhnna marddam chuvanna rakthaanukkalkk haanikaramalla (ithu kuranja samayathinullil kooduthal raktham shekharikkaanum anuvadikkunnu). 
chila shaasthreeya prayogangalkku punarupayogikkaavunna soochikal upayogapradamaanengilum, dispossible soochikal vaidyashaasthrathil valare saadhaaranamaanu. dispossible soochikal oru plaastik allengil aluminium habbil ulcherkkunnu, athu oru pras-phitt allengil twist-oonn phitting vazhi syrinch baaralil gadippikkunnu. vyaapaaramudrayaaya luyer-lokkine paraamarsikkunna ivaye chilappol "luyer loock" kanakshanukal ennu vilikkunnu. farmaceutical upakarana nirmmathaakkal nirmmikkunna aann, penn louver loock aandu hubb-dispossible hypodermic soochikalude ettavum nirnayakamaaya rund bhagangalaanu.
speshyalistukalallathar upayogikkuka.
hypodermic soochikal saadhaaranayaayi medical professionalukal (danthadoktarmaar, flabotomistukal, doctormar, faarmasistukal, nazhsumaar, paramedicukal) upayogikkunnu, pakshe avaa chilappol rogikal thanne upayogikkunnu. oru divasam niravadhi insulin kuthivayppukal aavashyamaayi vannekkaavunna type vann prameharogikalil ithu ettavum saadhaaranamaanu. asthmayo mattu gurutharamaaya alarjikaloo ulla rogikalilum ithu sambhavikkunnu. atharam rogikalkku desensitisation kuthivayppukal edukkendi vannekkaam allengil gurutharamaaya allergy prathikaranamundaayal pradhamashushrooshaykkaayi kuthivaykkaavunna marunnukal kondupokendivannekkam. pinneedulla saahacharyathil, atharam rogikal palappozhum epinephrine niracha oru syrinch vahikkunnu (udha.jii. eppippan), diphenhydramine (udha.jii. benadryl), allengil dexamethasone. eee marunnukalilonninte drutha kuthivayppu gurutharamaaya allergy prathikaranam nirtthiyekkaam.
multiple sclerosis rogikalkku kuthivayppiloode svayam chikilsikkaam; vividha interferon thayyaareduppukal ulppede niravadhi ems theraappikal subcutaneous allengil intramuscular kuthivayppiloode svayam nalkunnathinu roopakalppana cheythittullathaanu. chila rajyangalil, udhaaranakkuravu rogikalkku kuthivaykkaavunna roopathil alprostaadil nirddeshikkappedaam, ithu valare mikacha hypodermic soochi upayogichu lingathinte adithattilekko vashathekko nerittu svayam kuthivaykkunnu.
hypodermic soochikakalum pariseelanam labhikkatha upayokthaakkal vinoda intravinus mayakkumarunnu upayogathil upayogikkunnu (udha.jii.heroine, vellam ennivayude laayanikal kuthivaykkunnu). pothuvaaya soochikaliloode rogam padarunnathinekkurichu sarkkarukal nilavile avabodham nedunnathinu munbu, pala raajyangalilum hypodermic syrinchukal kurippadi vazhi maathrame labhyamaayirunnulloo. athinaal, heppattaitis, echuaivi thudangiya rakthathiloode pakaruna rogangalude vyaapanam pankitta kuthivayppu upakaranangaliloode parimithappeduthunnathina, pala rajyangalkkum mikka valia nagarangalilum soochi kaimatta paripaadikal undu. chila rajyangalil atharam padhathikalkku sarkkar poornnamaayo bhaagikamaayo subsidy nalkunnu.
moorchayulla bevel illaathe nirmmikkunna, saadhaaranayaayi anuvimukthamallaatha, cheria kandeynarukal niraykkunnathino cheria alavil laayakamo pashayo krithyamaayi prayogikkunnathino vyaavasaayikamaayi upayogikkunna moorchayulla soochikal.
soochi kalikkunnathinum hypodermic soochikal upayogikkunnu.
fobia.
loka janasamkhyayude ekadesham 3.5 muthal 10 sathamaanam vare aalukalkk soochikalude fobia (trypanophobia) undaayekkaamenn kanakkaakkappedunnu, ithu kuttikalil, 5-17 praayathilullavaril valare saadhaaranamaanu. vedana aswasthathayum kuraykkunnathinu kuthivayppu nadakkunna pradeshathe samvedanakshamatha kuraykkaan topical anaesthetics upayogikkaam. kuttikalkk soochikalumaayi bandhapetta vedanayo vedanayo kuraykkunnathinu vividha saankethikavidyakal falapradamaayekkaam. shradha vyathichalippikkal, hypnosis, samyojitha cognitive behavioural therapy, shwasana saankethikavidyakal enniva ulppedunnu.

