
automan-safavid yuddham (1578-1590)

safavid saamraajyathinteyum automan saamraajyathinteyum ayal athiraalikal thammilulla niravadhi yudhangalil onnaayirunnu automan-safavid yuddham (1578-1590).
yudhathinu niravadhi varshangalkk munbu muthal yudhathinte bhooribhaagavum ulppeduthunnathuvare, shhaa tahmasp onnaamante maranashesham safaavidukal ganyamaaya aabhyanthara prashnangalum kottaarathinullile kuleena vibhagangalumaayi malsarikkukayum cheythu. araajakathvam chooshanam cheiyunnathinaayi ottomanmaar 1577-1578 ll yuddham prakhyapikkaan theerumaanichu. aadya kurachu varshangalil ottomaan vijayangalum yudhathinte niravadhi ghattangalil ottomaan saamanta crimean khaanettil ninnulla valia alavilulla pinthunayum undaayirunnittum, oduvil niravadhi varshathekku bhouma-raashtreeyamaayum sainikamaayum thaarathamyena sthirathayullathaayi maari, 1580 vare iru kakshikalum cheria yudhangalil paraajayappedukayum vijayikkukayum cheythu. 1583 meyy 1 nuu nadanna torchukalude yudhathinum safavid janaralmaraya mirza salman jaberiyudeyum hamsa mirsayudeyum kolapaathakatthinum sesham ithu oru vazhithirivayi. eee sambhavavikasangaleyum safavid samsthaanathile aabhyanthara araajakathvatheyum thudarnnu, automans 1590-ll aathyanthika vijayathilekku neengi.
munkootty.
mahathaaya thuramukhathu, grand visiyar sokollu mehmed paasha mattoru yudhathinethire nirantharam ahvaanam cheythirunnuvenkilum sultan addehathe marikadannu. ennirunnaalum, yuddha anukoola pravartthakarude sammarddathe thudarnnu sultan akramanam aarambikkaan theerumaanichu. shhaa tahamasp iii yude maranathethudarnnu, khasvinile kendra sarkkar ithuvare susthiramaayirunnilla. pathittaandukalkk munbu safavid iraane keezhadakkiya sulaiman keezhadakkiya pradeshangal veendum keezhadakkanulla savisheshamaaya avasaramaayi sultan ithine kandu, pakshe avaye kooduthal kaalam pidichedukkaan kazhinjilla. rund munnanikalil ninnu samyukthamaayi akramanam nadatthaan usbekkukaar ottomanmaarodu abhyarthichathum athupole thanne sultane sunni saamraajyathinte sariyaaya prathirodhakkaaranaayi uyarthaan prerippicha automan purohitharum yudhathodulla vikaaram veendum vardhippichu. pershyayilum athinte pradeshangalilum shiyism poornnamaayum avasaanippikkunnathin sultan safavid balaheenathayude avasaram prayojanappedutthanamenna randaamathethu abhyarthichu. khuraasaan ulppedunna safaavidukalude vidoora kizhakkan pradeshangale usbekkukaar akramikkaan thudangiyappol, automanmaar akramanam aarambikkukayum phalapradamaayi yuddham aarambikkukayum cheythu.
yuddham.
azerbaijan cocusasineyum keezhadakkuka enna lakshyathodeyaanu automans yuddham aarambhichath. avar 1576 augustil akhalthsikheyum 1578 augustil tifflis 1585 ll kaarsukalum tabris pidichedukkukayum ottomaan saamraajyathinte poshakanakshathramaayitheeraan cartley prerippikkukayum cheythukondu ardahan vazhi safaavidukalude kakkeshyan pradeshangal aakramichu.
kizhakkan, padinjaaran munnanikalil phalapradamaaya prachaaranangal nadatthaan kazhiyaatha safaavidukalkku aavarthichulla thirichadikal neridendivannu, athu avare iraante hridayabhaagathekku thirichupokaan nirbandhitharaakki. kokkasasinte bhooribhaagavum pidichadakkiyathu ippol automan janathaykku avarude sakhyakakshiyaya crimean khaanettinoppam kizhakk ninnu nerittu karamargam nalkiyirunnu.
1578-leeii venalkkaalathinte avasaanathinu munbu shirwan veenu, athuvazhi automaansinu ippol caspian kadal theerathinu padinjaarulla mikkavarum ellah pradeshangaludeyum niyanthranam undaayirunnu, ithu innathe armeniyayudeyum azerbaijanteyum kaathalaya pradeshangalkk nere aakramanathinu vazhiyorukki, pinneedu 1579-ll aadil gireyude neethrthwathilulla crimean thaathaarukalude oru valia samgham aakramichu, ennaal mirza salman jaberiyudeyum hamsa mirsayudeyum neethrthwathilulla sradheyamaaya prathyaakramanathil addeham pidikkappedukayum pinneedu akkaalathe safavid thalasthaanamaaya kaasvinil vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. athesamayam, vidoora kizhakkan safavid frondil, madhyeshyayile kyrgyzs-kasakh gothrangalumaayulla prasnangal kaaranam usbekkukaar pinmaran nirbandhitharaayi. ithinte falamaayi, varshangalkk munbu automan bharanathin keezhil vanna georgian rajakumaranmar ippol safavid iraanilekku avarude kooru maatti, athu avar dhaaraalam sunnikale konnu prakadamaakki.
ennirunnaalum, yuddham oru automan vijayathilekku neengi, athu mashala yudhathethudarnnu kooduthal vyakthavum vyakthavumaayirunnu. aaa vijayathode, yudhathinte avasaanam vare dagestan, azarbaijan ennivayude safavid swathukkal ulppede caspian vare automansinu niyanthranam urappichu.
yudhakkalathil safaavidukal anubhavicha thirichadikal niravadhi aabhyanthara vibhageeya adhikara poraattangalkku aakkam koottukayum athil mirza salman hamsa mirza kottaarathinullile mattu vibhaagathile kolayalikalaal vadhikkappedukayum mohammed khodabandayude makan hamsa mirza 1587 desember 10 nuu vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. avarude maranathode safaavidukalude yuddha sramangal kooduthal vashalaavukayum cheythu.
1585ll oosmaan paashayude keezhilulla oru automan senaykk adutha rund pathittaandukalolam automan bharanathin keezhil thudarnnukondirunna tabris pidichedukkaan kazhinju. 1587-ll baghdad gavarnaraaya sigalazadeh yousuf sinan paashayude keezhilulla ottomaan senaykk louristan hamadan pidichedukkaan kazhinju. athe varsham thanne, usbekkukaar madhyeshyayil swantham prasnangal avasanippikkukayum safaavidukalude kizhakkan pravishyakale veendum akramikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. safavid raashtrathinte nilanilpp thanne ippol chodyathilaanennu thonni. 1588ll ottomaan commander farhad paasha jorjiyayiloode karabakkilekku munneri. safavid sainyathinte nattellaayirunna turkeek khilbaash gothrangalil palathum swantham thalpparyangal samrakshikkunnathinaayi kaaryamaaya prathirodhamillathe keezhadangi.
eee budhimuttukalellaam neridumbol-ustalju khilbaash vamshathile murshi kuli khaan khasvinil nadatthiya oru attimari polum-mohammed khodabanda simhasana upekshikkaan theerumaanichu, thante makan shhaa abbas onnaaman (pinneedu addeham "abbas dhii grettu" ennariyappettu) simhasana nalki. addeham adhikaarametta samayat, cocusus, mesopotamia, anattoliya, padinjaaran iraanile polum ellah iranian pravishyakalum ottomanmaarude kaivashamaayirunnu, athesamayam usbekkukaar athinte kizhakkan pradeshangalude bhagangal pidichedutthu. athinaal, aadyam aabhyanthara karyangal pariharikkunnathinum usbekkikale paraajayappeduthunnathinum, 1590 march 21 nuu apamanakaramaaya samadhana udambadiyil oppuvaykkaan addeham theerumaanichu, athiloode yuddham avasaanichu.
pradhana yudhangalude sangraham.
yudhathile pradhana yudhangalum sambhavangalum ivayaanu
anantharafalangal.
1590 march 21 nuu istambul samadhaanam avasaanichu, athil eee automan vijayangal sthireekarikkaanum automan pradeshangalile shiah prachaaranavum swantham raajyangalile sunnikale peedippikkunnathum avasaanippikkumenn vaagdaanam cheyyaanum iraan nirbandhithanaayi. ottoman janathaykku athinte avibhaajyapradeshangal palathum vittukoduthukondu, pithaav mohammed khodabanda deerghakaalamaayi avaganichirunna takarnna avasthayil aadyam karyangal pariharikkan abbasinu kazhinju. karyangal pariharikkappedukayum bharanakoodavum sainyavum ganyamaayi punasamghadippikkukayum cheytha sesham, 1603-ll abbas automan janathaykkethire veendum yuddham prakhyapikkukayum avare krooramaayi paraajayappedutthukayum nashtappetta ellah pradeshangalum istambul udambadiyiloode veendum pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
automan-safavid yudhathinte varavu, franco-automan sakhyathodum dutch kalaapathinte pinthunayodum koodi ottoman saamrajyam sajeevamaayirunna europian kaaryangalil ninnulla automan thaalpparyathe thaalkkaalikamaayi vyathichalippichu, islam protestantisavum thammilulla paraspara pinthunayulla bandhatthinte rasakaramaaya oru episodil.