
dishaasoochanayillaatha beekkan

dishasoochana vivarangal ulppedaatha oru radio beekkan aanu noonn-directional beekkan (enn. dii. bii) allengil noonn-directional radio beekkan. ariyappedunna oru sthalathe radio traansmittarukalaanu radio beekkanukal, ithu vyomayaana allengil maraine naavigeshanal sahaayamaayi upayogikkunnu. directional radio beekkanukalkkum loow-freekwansi radio rench, vhf omnidayarakshanal rench (voor), tactical eyar naavigeshan sisttam (tacken) thudangiya mattu naavigeshan sahayangalkkum virudhamaanu endb. 
enn. dii. bii signalukal bhoomiyude vakrata pinthudarunnu, athinaal avaa thaazhnna uyarathil valare kooduthal doorangalil sweekarikkaan kazhiyum, ithu vorinekkaal oru pradhana nettamaanu. ennirunnaalum, anthareeksha saahacharyangal, parvathapradeshangal, theeradesha refraction, vaidyutha kodunkaattukal, prathyekichu deerghadooram ennivayumaanu enn. dii. bii. signalukale kooduthal baadhikkunnath. american vyomasenayude (usaf) kyapttan albert francis hegenberger vikasippichedutha eee samvidaanam 1932 meyy 9 nuu lokathile aadyathe upakarana sameepanam paratthaan upayogichu.
enn. dii. bii. kalude tharangal.
vyomayaanathinaayi upayogikkunna enn. dii. bikal anthaaraashtra sivil eviyeshan oorganaiseshan (aii. sii. eiii. oo) annex 10 maanadandamaakkiyirikkunnu, ithu enn. dii. bikal 190 kilohartsinum 1750 kilohartsinum idayil pravarthikkanamennu vyakthamaakkunnu, ennirunnaalum saadhaaranayaayi vadakke amerikkayile ellah enn. dii. bikalum 190 kilohertinum 535 kilohertusinum idayil pravartthikkunnu. oro enn. dii. biyum onnu, rund, moonnu aksharangalulla mozhs coode colsign vazhi thirichariyunnu. kaanadayil, swakaarya udamasthathayilulla endb identifierukalil oru aksharavum oru number adangiyirikkunnu.
vadakke amerikkayile noonn-directional beekkanukale vaidyuthi ulppaadanam anusarichu tharamthirickunnu "kuranja" vaidyuthi rating 50 vaattil kuravaanu; 50 vaatt muthal 2,000 vaatt vare "meediyam"; 2,000 vaattil kooduthal "hye".
aeronotical naavigeshan sevanathil naalu tharam noonn-directional beekkanukalundu
avasaanathe rund tharangal oru instrument landing sisttavumaayi (aii. ell. ezz) samyojippichaan upayogikkunnathu.
automatic direction finder upakaranangal.
endb naavigeshanil rund bhaagangalund-vimaanathile "automatic direction finder" (adf) upakaranam endbyude signal kandethunnu, endb traansmittar. staanderd aam meediyam wave broadcast bandle traansmittarukal kandethaanum eiii. dii. ephinu kazhiyum (amerikkayil 10 kiloherts incrementil 530 kiloherts muthal 1700 kiloherts vareyum lokathinte mattu bhaagangalil 9 kiloherts incrementil 531 kiloherts muthal 1602 kiloherts vareyum).
samyojitha signal ettavum sakthamaaya disha manassilakkaan directional, noonn-directional aantinakalude samyojanam upayogichu vimanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol endb steshanilekkulla dishayo bairingo adf upakaranangal nirnnayikkunnu. eee bairing oru relative bairing indikkettaril (aarr. bii. aii) pradarshippikkaam. vimaanathinte madhyarekhaykku anusrithamaayi 0 digri sthaanathu card urappichirikkunnathulennu, eee display oru soochi superimpose cheytha oru compass card pole kaanapedunnu. oru enn. dii. bii. yilek (kaatt illaathe) track cheiyunnathinu, soochi 0 digri sthaanathekku pooyint cheiyunna tharatthil vimanam paratthunnu. vimanam pinneedu nerittu enn. dii. biyilekk parakkum. athupole, soochi 180 digri adayaalathil nilanirthukayaanenkil vimanam enn. dii. biyude aduthu ninnu nerittu track cheyyum. cross wind ullappol, 0 allengil 180 sthaanangalude idathotto valathotto soochi cross wind moolamulla drifttinu anusrithamaaya alavil nilanirtthanam. aircraft thala +/- mookkil ninno wall allengil aircraft aircraft soochi digri = endb steshanilekko athil ninno.
oru enn. dii. bii steshanilekku (kaatt illaatha saahacharyathil) pookunna compass nirnnayikkunnathinulla soothravaakyam vimanathinum steshanum edayilulla aapekshika bairing eduthu vimaanathinte kanthika thalakkett cherkkuka ennathaanu; motham 360 digriyil kooduthalaanengil, 360 kuraykkendathundu. ithu parathenda kanthika bairing nalkunnu (arby + emech) mooad 360 = emby.
oru enn. dii. biyileko athil ninno tracucheyyumbol, vimanam oru prathyeka bairingle tracucheyyunnathum saadhaaranamaanu. ithu cheiyunnathinu aarr. bii. aii readingine compass thalakkettumaayi bandhappeduthendathu aavasyamaanu. driftt nirnnayicha sesham, aarr. bii. aii reeding 0 allengil 180 drifttinaayi krameekarichirikkunna athe samayam thanne compass heading drifttinaayi krameekarikkenda bairing aayirikkunnathinayi vimanam paratthanam. vimaanathinte nilavile trackiloode (second endb allengil voril ninnulla radial paathu polullava) oru sthaanam kandethaanum endb upayogikkaam. soochi aavashyamaaya bairinginu anusrithamaayi oru aarr. bii. aii readingle athumbol, vimanam aaa sthaanathaanu. ennirunnaalum, oru prathyeka aarr. bii. aiyum compuse upayogichu, uchithamaaya aapekshika bairing nirnnayikkaan ithinu ganyamaaya maanasika kanakkukoottal aavasyamaanu.
eee dauthyam lalithamaakkunnathin, vimaanathinte magnetic compass nayikkunna oru compass card aarr. bii. aii. yill cherthu oru radio magnetic indikkettar (aarr. emm. aii) roopappeduthunnu. eiii. dii. eph soochi udan thanne vimaanathinte kanthika thalakkettilekku paraamarsikkunnu, ithu maanasika kanakkukoottalinte aavasyakatha kuraykkunnu. vyomayaanathinaayi upayogikkunna pala aarr. emm. aikalum oru voor steshanilekku tyoon cheytha randaamathe radioyil ninnulla vivarangal pradarshippikkaan upakaranathe anuvadikkunnu; radialiloode avarude sthaanam trikonamaakkaan enn. dii. bii. kall upayogikkumbol vimaanathin voor steshanukalkkidayil (victor roottukal ennu vilikkappedunnu) nerittu parakkaan kazhiyum, voor steshan koottiyidikkunna dooram alakkaanulla upakaranam (dii. emm. iii) aavasyamillaathe. eee display, voor/ills vivarangalkkulla oomni bairing indikkettar (obi) ennivaykkoppam, thirashcheena saahacharya soochakam (eichs) avatharippikkunnathinum thudarnnu glass kokkpittukalil upayogikkunna digital displakelkkum munbulla praadhamika radio naavigeshan upakaranangalilonnaayirunnu.
eiii. dii. eph.-kalude thathwangal enn. dii. bii upayogathil maathram othungunnilla; emarjansi beekkanukal kandethunnathu polulla mattu pala aavasyangalkkumaayi prakshepana signalukalude lokkeshanukal kandethaanum atharam samvidaanangal upayogikkunnu.
upayogikkunnu.
vaayusanjaarangal.
270 digri (padinjaaru) polulla oru prathyeka dishayilekku pooyint cheiyunna steshaniloode kadannupokunna oru rekhayaanu bairing. vimaanagalkk parakkaan kazhiyunna pathakal nirvachikkunnathin endb bairingukal chart cheythathum sthirathayullathumaaya oru reethi nalkunnu. eee reethiyil, enn. dii. bii. kalkk, vorsineppole, aakaashathile vaayumaargangale nirvachikkaan kazhiyum. oru flaitt plan poortthiyaakkaan vimanangal munkootty nirvachicha eee roottukal pinthudarunnu. airwakel chaarttukalil nambar cheyyukayum staanderd cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. enn. dii. bii polulla kuranjathum idatharavumaaya freekwansi steshanukalkku varnnamulla airwakel upayogikkunnu, sekshanal chaarttukalil thavitt niratthil chart cheythittundu. pachayum chuvappum niratthilulla vaayusanjaarangal kizhakkum padinjaarum, aambar, neela vaayusanjaarangal vadakkum thekkum plott cheythirikkunnu. 2022 septambar vareyulla kanakkukal prakaram, vadakkan karolinayude theerathu sthithicheyyunna american bhookhandathil oru varnna airway maathrame avasheshikkunnulloo, ithine jii 13 allengil green 13 ennu vilikkunnu. varnna airway samvidaanangal upayogikkunna amerikkayile oreyoru samsthaanamaanu alasca. vividha naavigeshan steshanukaliludaneelam radialukal tracuchaith chilath thirikkukayum cheythukondu pailattumaar eee roottukal pinthudarunnu. american aikyanaadukalile mikka airwakelum vorsine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane, endb airwakel mattidangalil saadhaaranamaanu, prathyekichu vikaswara raajyangalilum canaden artic polulla vikasita raajyangalile janasandrata kuranja pradeshangalilum, avaykku deerghadooram sanjarikkaanum vorsine apekshichu pravartthikkaan valare chelavu kuravumaanu.
naashanal oshyaanik aandu atmospheric administration (noa) purappeduvicha yunaittad stetts sekshanal charttukal polulla aeronotical chaarttukalil ellah staanderd airwakelum plott cheythittundu.
pariharangal.
bhoomiyude uparithalathil avarude bhoomishaasthraparamaaya sthaanam kandethaan sahaayikkunnathin vimana naavigettarmaarum munkaala naavikarum valarekkaalamaayi enn. dii. bii. kall upayogikkunnu. ariyappedunna naavigeshanal reference pooyintukaliloode avaa murichukadakkunnathuvare lineukal vyaapippichaan pariharangal kanakkaakkunnath. vishwal reference pooyintukalkkaayi, eee varikalude konukal compass upayogichu nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum; enn. dii. bii radio signalukalude bairingukal radio direction finder (aarr. dii. eph) upakaranangal upayogichaanu kandethunnathu. 
eee reethiyil pariharangal aasoothranam cheiyunnathu kroovinu avarude sthaanam nirnnayikkaan anuvadikkunnu. vidoora alavukolulla upakaranangalulla (dme) vorukal polulla mattu naavigeshan upakaranangal parajayappetta saahacharyangalil eee upayogam pradhaanamaan. aagola positioning sisttam (gps) sweekaranam parajayappettaal maraine naavigeshanil ndbs ippozhum upayogapradamaayekkaam.
oru enn. dii. bii steshanil ninnulla dooram nirnnayikkuka.
oru enn. dii. bii steshanilekkulla dooram nirnnayikkaan, pailat eee reethi upayogikkunnu
enn. dii. bii sameepikkunnu.
naavigeshan sahaayamaayi enn. dii. bii allengil voor (allengil randum) sajjeekarichirikkunna ranveye noonn-presition aproach ranve ennu vilikkunnu; athil aii. ell. ezz sajjeekarichittundel, athine presition aproach ranve ennu vilikkunnu.
upakarana landing samvidaanangal.
oru instrument landing sisttam (aii. ell. ezz) sameepanathino staanderd sameepanathino vendi markerukalaayo "lokkettarukalayo" enn. dii. bii. kall saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu. oru ails sameepanathino allengil oru staanderd terminal athicheral rutino nakshathratthino vendiyulla paathayko vendi enn. dii. bii. ezz arambha mekhalaye nirddeshichekkaam. yunaittad stetsil, oru endb palappozhum ills sameepanathil (lokkettar outtar marker allengil loam ennu vilikkunnu) outtar marker beekkanumaayi samyojippichirikkunnu; kaanadayil, kuranja power endb marker beekkanukal poornnamaayum maatti. aii. ell. ezz sameepanangalile marker beekkanukal ippol lokamembaadum ghattamghattamaayi neekkam cheyyappedunnu, pakaram sameepanathinte vividha bhagangal vivarikkunnathin dme renchukal allengil gps signalukal upayogikkunnu.
naavika pravartthana upayogangal.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmman naavikasenayude yuu-bottukalil telefungen spess 2113-kalile hoaming beekkan sajjeekarichirunnu. eee traansmittarin 150 vaatt pavaril 100 kiloherts muthal 1500 kiloherts vare pravartthikkaan kazhiyum. df reseaverukalum lupe aantinakalum sajjeekarichirunna mattu antharvaahinikalilekko vimaanangalilekko antarvaahini ayaykkaan ithu upayogichirunnu.
aantinayum signal savisheshathakalum.
enn. dii. bii. kall saadhaaranayaayi 190 kiloherts muthal 535 kiloherts vareyulla freekwansi shreniyil pravartthikkunnu (avaa 190 muthal 1750 kiloherts vare freekwansikal anuvadikkunnundenkilum) koodaathe 400 allengil 1020 hearts modulate cheytha oru carrier traansmit cheiyunnu. baahya markerinte samanamaaya instaaleshanil ndbs oru dmeumaayi koottiyidikkaam, eee saahacharyathil maathrame avaa aantharika markeraayi pravartthikkoo. enn. dii. bii udamakalil bhooribhaagavum sarkkar ejansikalum vimaanathaavala adikaarikalumaanu.
enn. dii. bii radiatorukal lambamaayi dhruveekarikkappettavayaanda. enn. dii. bii aantinakal saadhaaranayaayi avaa pravartthikkunna aavruthiyile anuranathinu valare cheruthaanu-saadhaaranayaayi 1000 meter tharamgadairkhyavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol 20 meter neelamaayirikkum. athinaal, aantinaye "tyoon" cheiyunnathinu oru inductor kappaasittarum adangiya anuyojyamaaya poruthappedunna network avarkk aavasyamaanu. lamba endb aantinakalkk "topp haatt" ennu vilipperulla oru tii-aantennayum undayirikkaam, ithu avasaanam loading cherkkunnathinum athinte vikirana karyakshamatha mechappeduthunnathinum roopakalppana cheytha kuda polulla gadanayaanu. saadhaaranayaayi oru graundu playin allengil counderpoise aantinaykku thaazhe bandhippichirikkunnu.
oru enn. dii. bii vazhi kaimarunna mattu vivarangal.
400 hearts allengil 1020 hearts mozhs coode identitikku purame, enn. dii. bii prakshepanam cheythekkaam
saadhaarana prathikoola phalangal.
enn. dii. bii. ezz tracucheyyunnathinu oru eiii. dii. eph upayogichu naavigeshan niravadhi saadhaarana falangalkku vidheyamaanu
pailattumaar prarambha parisheelanatthil eee phalangal padikkumbol, vimaanathil avaykku nashtapariharam nalkaan sramikkunnathu valare budhimuttaanu; pakaram, pailattumaar saadhaaranayaayi eathenkilum ettakkurachilukal sharashari cheiyunna oru thalakkett thiranjedukkunnu.
radio-naavigeshan aidukal anthaaraashtra maanadandangal, federal eviyeshan administration (efaa), aii. sii. eiii. oo muthalaayava nalkunna oru nischitha alavilulla krithyatha nilanirtthanam.ithu sariyaanennu urappakkaan, enn. dii. bii krithyatha kaalibrett cheiyunnathinum saakshyappeduthunnathum flaitt inspection oorganaiseshanukal idaykkide shariyaayi sajjeekarichirikkunna vimanangal upayogichu nirnaayaka paaraamettarukal parishodhikkunnu. aii. sii. eiii. oo. yude ettavum kuranja krithyatha ±5° aanu
enn. dii. bii. kall nireekshikkunnu.
vimana naavigeshanil avayude upayogathinu purame, deerghadoora radio premikalkkum ("dxr") ndbs janapriyamaan. enn. dii. bii. kall saadhaaranayaayi kuranja power ullathinaal (saadhaaranayaayi 25 vaatt, chilath 5 kilowatt vare aakam), avaa saadhaaranayaayi deerghadoorathil kelkkaan kazhiyilla, ennaal ionosphere anukoolamaaya saahacharyangal enn. dii. bii signalukale saadhaaranayekkaal valare dooram sanjarikkaan anuvadikkum. ekkaaranathaal, vidoora signalukal edukkaan thaalpparyamulla radio dxarukal vidoora endb kelkkunnathu aasvadikkunnu. koodaathe, enn. dii. bii. kalkk anuvadicha baand prakshepana steshanukalum avayumaayi bandhapetta edapedalukalum illaathathinaal, mikka enn. dii. bii. kalum avarude mozhs coode colsign kaimaarunnathinekkaal kurachu kooduthal cheiyunnathinaal, avaa thirichariyaan valare eluppamaanu, ithu enn. dii. bii. yeei dii. ex. aii. jing hobiyil oru sajeeva idam nireekshikkunnu.
vadakke amerikkayil enn. dii. bii. baand 190 muthal 435 kiloherts vareyum 510 muthal 530 kiloherts vareyumaanu. europil, 150 muthal 280 kiloherts vare neelamulla oru taranga prakshepana baand undu, athinaal europian endb baand 280 kiloherts muthal 530 kiloherts vare 495 muthal 505 kiloherts vareyulla edavelayilaanu, kaaranam 500 kiloherts anthaaraashtra samudradurantha (emarjansi) aavruthiyaayirunnu.
510 kilowatt muthal 530 kilowatt vare prakshepanam cheiyunna beekkanukal chilappol am radiokalil kelkkaam, avaa idatharam taranga (emdablue) prakshepana baandinte thudakkathinu thaazhe tyoon cheyyaan kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, enn. dii. bii.-kalude sweekaranathinu saadhaaranayaayi 530 kilohertsil thaazheyulla aavruthikal sweekarikkaan kazhiyunna oru radio reseiver aavasyamaanu. palappozhum "general kavarej" short wave radiokalkku 150 kiloherts muthal 30 emhs vareyulla ellah aavruthikalum labhikkunnu, athinaal endbsinte aavruthikalumaayi tyoon cheyyaan kazhiyum. vidoora beekkanukalil ninnu valare durbalamaaya signalukal sweekarikkunnathinu prathyeka saankethikavidyakal (reseiver preselectorukal, noys limittarukal, filterukal) aavasyamaanu.
valare akaleyulla enn. dii. bii. kall kelkkaan ettavum nalla samayam sooryodayathinu munbulla avasana moonnu manikkooraan. vasanthakaalathum venalkkaalathum elf, emf baandukalil kooduthal anthareeksha shabdamundaakunnathinaal sharathkaalathum shaithyakaalathum ndbs sweekarikkunnathum saadhaaranayaayi mikachathaanu.
beekkan adavukal.
gps polulla saattalait naavigeshan samvidaanangal sweekarikkunnathanusaricha, niravadhi rajyangal ndbs, voor thudangiya beekkan instaaleshanukal nirthalaakkaan thudangi. eee nayam vyomayaana vyavasaayathil vivaadangal srishtichu.
2016 meyy maasathil australian vyomasenakal enn. dii. bii. ezz, voors, dii. emm. iii ennivayulppede niravadhi graundu adhishtitha naavigeshan aidukal adachupoottaan thudangi.
2017 leeii kanakkanusarichu amerikkayil 1,300-ladhikam enn. dii. bii. kall undaayirunnu, athil 300-ll thaazhe maathrame federal gavanmentinte udamasthathayilulloo. eph. eiii. eiii. otappetta enn. dii. bii. kall nirthalaakkaan thudangiyirunnu. 2018 epril vareyulla kanakkukal prakaram, efaa ndbs ulppede 23 graundu adhishtitha naavaidukale pravarthanarahithamaakki, 2025 oode 300-ladhikam ennam adachupoottaan padhathiyidunnu. efaic ndbs-nulla susthiramo ettedukkaloo samvidaanamilla, koodaathe kooduthal pailattumaar voor, gps naavigeshan upayogikkunnathinaal ndbsine pailat aashrayikkunnath kurachuvennu choondikkaatti, nilavilulla ndbs adachu poottaan padhathiyidunnu.