
nikkalin

praadhamikamaayi nikkal arsenide (niyas) adangiya oru daathuvaanu nikkalin allengil nicolite. swaabhaavikamaayi sambhavikkunna dhaatu dravyaraashi prakaram ekadesham 43.9% nickel 56.1% arsenic adangiyirikkunnu, ennaal dhaathuvinte ghadanayil alpam vyathyaasamundaakam.
cheria alavil sulfur, irumbu, cobalt enniva saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunnu, chilappol arsenicinu pakaram antimony upayogikkunnu. eee avasaanatheth breethoptaitt (nikkal antimonide) ulla oru isomorphus seerees roopappeduthunnu.
uthbhavavum charithravum.
jarmman ersgabirjil ("ayirinte parvathangal") chembu thirayunna madhyakala khanithozhilaalikal chilappol uparithalathil chembu ayiru poleyulla oru chuvanna dhaatu kandethum. verthirichedukkaan shramichappol chembu uthppaadippikkappettilla, thudarnnu khanithozhilaalikal duroohamaaya asukham anubhavikkum. jarmman puraanatthile oru dushta spraittaya nikkal ("pazhaya nikkinu" samanam) chembu (jarmman kuffar) valanjathinu avar kuttappedutthi. chembu-nikkalin" thulyamaaya eee jarmman padam 1694-ll thanne upayogichirunnu (mattu pazhaya jarmman paryaayapadangal "rotnicalkese", "arsennical" ennivayaanu).
1751-ll, baaran axel frederic chronsted cupfernical dhaathuyil ninnu chembu verthirichedukkaan sramikkukayum pakaram oru velutha loham nedukayum athinu spraittinte peril "nikkal" ennu peridukayum cheythu. aadhunika jarmman bhashayil cupfernical, kupfer-nikkal enniva aloy cupronicaline nirvachikkunnu.
pinneedu ayirkk nalkia perukal, f ll ninnu "nickaline". ezz. byoodant, 1832, jeey yill ninnulla "nicolite". dii. 1868-leeii daana, laattin bhashayil nikkalinte saannidhyathe soochippikkunnu; "nikkolam"."
1971ll anthaaraashtra dhaatu association nicolitinu pakaram nickaline enna peru upayogikkaan shupaarsha cheythu.
niyas thayyarakkuka.
nikkalinullile pradhana samyukthamaaya nikkal arsenide (niyas) moolakangalude nerittulla samyojanathiloode thayyarakkam
sambhavam.
ultramaphic paarakaludeyum anubandha ayiru nikshepangaludeyum hydrothermal parishkkaranatthiloodeyaanu nickaline roopappedunnathu, nikkal-chembu vahikkunna sulfideukal (pentlaanditine maattisthaapikkukayum chembu arsenic sulfideukalumaayi sahakarichu) maattisthaapikkukayo allengil sulfide rahita ultramaphic paarakalude metasometism vazhiyo roopappedaam, avide metaasometik draavakangal sulfur, carbonate, arsenic enniva avatharippikkunnu. ithu saadhaaranayaayi sulfidation vazhiyum anubandha arsenopyrite-nickaline-breethouptaitt vazhiyum millaraitt, heiselwood, metamorphic pentlaandait-pairait ennivayulppedeyulla dhaatu samyojanangalkk kaaranamaakunnu.
anubandha daathukkalil arsenopyrite, baarait, silver, cobaltite, pirehotait, pentlaandait, chalcopyrite, breethouptaitt, moucheraitt enniva ulppedunnu. eerppamulla vaayuvumayi sanbarkkam pulartthumbol nikkalin annabergaitaayi (pacha nikkal aarsenettinte pooshal) maarunnu.
eee daathukkalil bhooribhaagavum ontaariyoyile sudbury, cobalt ennivaykku chuttumulla pradeshangalil kaanapedunnu. mattu pradeshangalil padinjaaran australiyayile vidjimooltha thaazhikakkudatthinte kizhakkan bhagam, naavikarkkullile mattappetta pentlendite-pairait-pyrottaitt asamblikalil ninnu, redros, maittal nikkal khanikal enniva ulppedunnu, avide praadeshika aou-aas-aag-bairing altermation carbonate metaasomattisavum upayogichu nikkalin ulppaadippikkunnu. mattu sambhavangal compulda pradeshathe samanamaaya parishkaricha nikkal khanikalil ulppedunnu.
kristtal ghadana.
samanamaaya kristtal gadanakalulla oru koottam kristalin kharapadaarthangalude prototype nikkalin yoonit sell upayogikkunnu. ghadanayil rund interpenetrating sublattisukal adangiyirikkunnu oru aadima shadbhujaakrithiyilulla nikkal sublatis, oru shadbhujaakrithiyilulla closs-paaykk cheytha arsenic sublatis. oro nikkal aattavum aarr arsenic aattangalumaayi ashtathalamaayi ekopippichirikkunnu, athesamayam oro arsenic aattavum aarr nikkal aattangalumaayi thrikonaakrithiyilulla prismattik aayi ekopippichirikkunnu. niyas ghadana sweekarikkunna samyukthangal saadhaaranayaayi parivartthana lohangalude chalcogenideukal, aarsenaidukal, antimonideukal, bismidideukal ennivayaanu. 
nickaline groupile amgangal thaazhepparayunnavaraanu
saambathika praadhaanyam.
mikka urukal, milling saankethikavidyakalkkum doshakaramaaya aarsenikkinte saannidhyam kaaranam nikkalinte uravidamaayi nikkalin apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkaarulloo. nikkal sulfide ayiru nikshepangal nikkalin uthppaadippikkunnathina maattumbol, aarsenikkinte saannidhyam palappozhum dashalakshathil noorukanakkinu bhagangal vare saandrata athumbol ayiru saambathikamallaathaakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, arsenic vahikkunna nikkal ayiru 'shudhamaaya' ayiru srothassukalumaayi samyojippichu, millinum smelttarinum sveekaaryamaaya veendedukkaliloode kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyunna oru mishrita feedstokku ulppaadippikkaam.
parambaraagathamaayi nirmmicha nikkal millukalil nikkalin chikilsikkunnathinulla praadhamika prashnam nikkalinte prathyeka guruthwaakarshanavum pentlaandaittinte guruthwaakarshanavumaanu. ithu froth floatation saankethikavidyayiloode ayiru samskarikkaan budhimuttaakkunnu. smeltarinullil thanne, nikkalin uyarnna arsenic ulladakkathinu kaaranamaakunnu, ithinu nikkal lohathil ninnu neekkam cheyyaan adhika reagentukalum flexukalum aavasyamaanu.