
piyar duu kaalvett

piyari duu kaalvett (1735-march 28,1786) oru montriyal vyapariyum samadhaanathinte neethiyum rashtreeya thadavukaaranum franch hugunot vamshajayaaya pathra ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu.
jeevacharitram.
kudumbam.
1735-leeii venalkkaalath franch pravisyayaaya gayenil (innu taarn-ettu-gaaron "department") cossedil piyare duu kaalvett janichu. anchu kuttikalulla oru kudumbatthil moothayaalaayirunnu addeham. kaalvinist kuttasammatham nadatthiya pithaav piyar kaalvett thante kuttikale catholicaraayi jnjaanasnaanappeduthi. ennirunnaalum addeham thante protestant vishwaasam avarkk kaimari. addehathinte amma aan boudettu aayirunnu. addehathinte kudumbam kuleena vamshajayaanennum toolousinu vadakkulla mondelsaattil oru domaine svanthamaakkiyirunnuvennu parayappedunnu.
mondaubaanil parishkkaranam avatharippichathinu 1563 juun 23nuu francois kaalvett enna poorvvikane thookkiletti.
vidyaabhyaasam.
thante calvinism upekshikkathe addeham catholica vidyaabhyaasam nedi. thante rachanakalilninnu vilayiruthumbol addeham theerchayaayum maanavikashaastram, franch niyamam, raashtrangalude niyamam, thante kaalathe thathwachintha, jnjaanodayathinte thathwachintha enniva padichu. thante "appal eiii laa justice dii ettaatt" enna pradhana lekhanathil addeham puffendorff, gratian, grotius, loock, machiyavelli ennivayil ninnulla neenda bhagangal udharikkunnu.
nyoo fraansilekkulla kudiyettam.
oru cussin-inn-loow, misttar. puthiya fraansil vyapaaram nadatthaan uddeshichirunna saadhanangal vaangaan aavashyamaaya mooladhanam gueroud addehathinu nalki. 1758 eprilil bordoil ninnu purappetta "leeii layan" enna vyaapaarakkappalil duu kaalvett cubec nagaratthilekku purappettu. cubeckil ninnu 100 mile akale addehathinte boat thakarnnu. charakk nashtappettathinaal juun pakuthiyode kaanadayude thalasthaanathu athiyappol jolie kandethaan addeham nirbandhithanaayi.
puthiya france sarkkaarine prathinidheekarichu addeham miraamikkiyilum restigouchilum store keepparaayirunnu. 1755ll britiish gavanment naadukadatthiya moovaayiram muthal naalayiram vare academic vidagtharude aavasyangal niravettaanulla utharavaaditham addehathinundaayirunnu. 1759 sarathkaalam vare addeham avide thudarnnu.
1759-leeii venalkkaalath, officer jeane-francois borden dii domborghinte keezhil britiish yudhathadavukaare halifaxilake mattunnathinulla oru dauthyathil addeham pankedutthu. peticodiac rivar kaambeynil pidikoodiya thadavukaaranaayirunna lefttanant vilyam seaser mccormick ellah thadavukaarkkum nalkia nalla paricharanatthinu august 28 nuu addehathinu oru abhinandana kathu ezhuthi. septambar 10nuu, eee thadavukaarkkulla manushikamaaya perumaattam amgeekarikkunna oru certificattum addehathinu nalki.
cubec nagaratthiloode kadannupokumbol, nagaratthinte keezhadangalinetthudarnnu voudrooyil sarkkar avide ninnu neekkam cheythathayi arinja sesham duu kaalvett montriyalilekku pooyi. 1760 januvari vare addeham montriyalil thudarnnu.
academic mekhalayile oru dauthyathinu addehathe veendum chumathalappedutthi, ithavana academic vidagtharil janasamkhyaa sensus nadatthaanum avarkk sahayam nalkaanulla vazhikal nirnnayikkaanum. 60 oolam academic vidagtharudeyum kurachu american guideukaludeyum neethrthwathil januvari 18 nuu addeham montriyal vittu. addehathodoppam franch academyude commander inn cheef misttar. boshebert. madangiyethiya udan thanne, septambar 8 nuu montriyal keezhadangunnathinum keezhadangunnathinumbu franch, britiish sainyangal thammilulla avasaanathe pradhana yudhathinaayi addehathe seyint-foyiyilekku ayachu. epril 20 nuu addeham dii levisinte neethrthwathilulla paryaveshanathodoppam cubec nagaratthilekku purappettu. juun 28 nuu thante pithaavin ayacha kathil duu kaavett charitraparamaaya yudhavum thudarnnulla uparodhavum chollunnu. meyy 16nuu uparodham pinvalikkukayum duu kaalvett bakkiyullavarellaam jeevichirippullavaraayir montriyalilekku madangukayum cheythu.
1760 septambar 8nuu puthiya france sarkkar keezhadangiya sesham addeham montriyalil thudarnnu. shaithyakaalath addeham veendum vilyam seaser mccormickine kandumuttukayum general jephari amherstinode shupaarsha cheyyukayum cheythu. duu kaalvett, europilekku madangaan theerumaanichu, thalphalamaayi govarnor jaims mureyil ninnu pasport nedunnathinaayi cubeckilekku pokendathundu, aadyam govarnor thomas gejil ninnu montriyal jilla vidaan adhikaarappeduthaathe mattoru pasport nedukayalla vendathu. ennirunnaalum, academyile mattoru dauthyathinaayi duu kaalvett thante yaatra vaikippikkanamenn govarnor murey abhyarthichu. academyil ippozhum avasheshikkunna academic vidagtharude ennam kanakkaakkukayum avare surakshithamaayi cubeckilekku kondupookukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu addehathinte dauthyam. addeham amgeekaricha eee avasaanathe maanushika dauthyam 1761 juulai muthal october vare addehathe thirakkilakki. 1762 januvariyil addeham montriyalilaayathinaal pinneedu europilekku madangaanulla thante padhathi addeham upekshichathayi thonnunnu.
vyapariyum samaadhaanathinte neethiyum.
1762 januvariyil addeham montriyalil sthirathaamasamaakki, avide addeham thante irakkumathi-kayattumathi bisinesses aarambhichu. englandilekkum speyinilekkum pookunna "vaatsan & rashley" kambaniyude (brook vaatsan, roobert rashley) vyapara kappalukalil addeham kayattumathi cheytha cholavum peltrikalum addeham kayattumathi cheythu. pakaramaayi addeham europil ninnu spirittukalum uthppannangalum aabhyanthara upayogathinaayi irakkumathi cheythu. addehathinte vyapaaram samriddhamaayirunnu. 1772num 1776num idayil addeham ekadesham 35,000 "minatt" cholam, 800 pee "minatt" ennivayum kurachu peltrikalum kayattumathi cheyyukayum montriyal jillayil vilkkunna valia alavil saadhanangal irakkumathi cheyyukayum cheythu. 1774 march 3 nuu addeham vranathinu aduthulla revear-davidinte signiori vaangi.
1763ll thekkan carolinayil thamasikkunna thante ammavanmaaril oraalude maranavum rund maasathinu sesham fraansile pithaavinte maranavum addeham arinju.
1764-leeii venalkkaalath addeham cubec pravishya vittu landanilekku pooyi, avide ninnu ammaavante pingaamikale kaikaaryam cheythu. thudarnnu mondelsaattinte kudumba domaine wilkan addeham francilake pooyi. 1766 juunil maathramaan addeham montriyalilekku madangiyethiyathu. addehathinte abhaavathil, jeane dumas-seyint-martin, piyari jussium ditt seyint-piyari ennivar amerikkayil thante swakaarya karyangal nadatthi. europile eee neenda yaathrayil addeham engleesh samsaarikkunna lokath niravadhi bandhangal nadatthi. addehathinte engleesh thakaraarilaayirunnenkilum, govarnor mureyude vilamathikkaanaavaatha aamukha kathukal addehathe sahayichathinaal ellaayidathum addehathinu alppam sveekaaryatha labhichu. skotlandile greenokkil thaamasichirunna govarnorude sahodaranaaya loard elibankine addeham kandumutty. landanilvechu addeham thekkan departmentinte britiish stettu sekrattariyaaya halifaxile randaamathe earl jorjju montagu-dankumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi.
paareesil, fraansile britiish ambasadaraaya hertfordinte aadya markwas francis saimar-konveykkum, ithinakam thanne prashasthanaaya thathwachinthakanaaya david humin, iruvarum komte dii sent-florentinu munnil madhyasthatha vahicha addehathinte secreteric aamukha kathukalumaayi addeham ethi. addeham prottastantaayirunnathu thante pingamiyude nirmmarjanam urappakkaan eee pinthunayellaam addehathinu aavashyamaayirunnu, franch niyamangal appol katholikkarallathavarkku prathikoolamaayirunnu. 1766 januvariyil oru varshathe neenda thaamasathinu sesham bisinesses avasaanikkukayum addeham landanilekku madangukayum cheythu. vasanthakaalath addeham "general konve" enna kappalil cubeckilekku purappettu.
1766 juun 23nuu govarnor murey addehathe montriyal jillayude pothu harjikalude puthiya kodathiyil samadhaanathinte neethimaanaayi niyamichu. madangiyethiyappol, englandile vyapara karyangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi novemberil addeham veendum canada vittu, samadhaanathinte neethi enna kadama vilichukondu 1767 eprilil maathramaan addeham naattilekku madangiyathu.
duu kaalvett thante pothu chumathalakal nirvahikkunnathil valia theekshnatha pularthiyathaayi thonnukayum taamasiyaathe cheef justice vilyam hayy prashamsikkukayum cheythu. addeham niravadhi kaaranagal kaikaaryam cheyyukayum phees onnum aavasyappedaathirikkukayum cheythu.
vivaham.
1771 october 3nuu 36-aamm vayassil addeham merii-luis jassium enna sthriye vivaham kazhichu. 20 vayassulla avar addehathinte suhruthaaya piyari jussium, maari-luis boule-ditt-boulettu ennivarude makalaayirunnu. puthiya dambathikal sent pooll, bonsecourse theruvukalude moolayilulla oru sitti hausil thamasamaakki. aadyathe kutty, oru aankutti, 1772 juulai 7 nuu janichu. cheria jeane-piyari varunna august 31 nuu cherupraayatthil thanne marichu. 1773 november 8 nuu, merii-luis randaamathe aankunjinu janmam nalki, avar kuttiyude godfather jeane dumas seyint-piyarinte bahumaanaartham jeane dumas ennu perittu. 1774 october 16nuu dambathikalkku moonnaamathe aankunju janichu. govarnor kaalttante bahumaanaartham addehathinu aankunju ennu namakaranam cheythu. nirbhagyavashaal, valare budhimuttulla oru shaithyakaalam anubhavicha eee avasana kutty meyy 11 nuu marichu. athe varsham desemberil amma thante aadyatheyum avasaanatheyum shavakudeerathil chernnu.
thante randaamathe makanaaya jeane dumasine paripalikkaan daim laa prais enna nazhsine duu kaalvett kandethi.
rashtreeya edapedal.
1769-ll addeham puthiya govarnor kaalttanin oru parishkarana padhathi samarppichu, athu cubec pravishyayile neethinirvahanatthinte ekeekrithamaakkal lakshyamittaayirunnu. februvari onninu prakhyaapicha puthiya bharanaparamaya nadapadikal addehathe thripthippeduthiyilla, athinusesham addeham parishkaranatthinaayi shabdamuyarthi. akkaalathe kolaniyile eaka pathramaya "kwibek gasatt"/"gasatt dii kwibek" ll addeham prasidheekaricha kurachu thuranna kathukal addeham ezhuthi.
1770 october 28nuu addeham kolanikalkkaayulla stettu sekrattari, wills hill, erl oof hillsburo, "memoire surr laa forme judicier actuale dii laa province dii cubec" enna peril oru ormmakkurippu samarppichu.
sahapravarthakarkkidayil chila jadjimar neethi durupayogam cheythathine addeham parasyamaayi apalapichathu addehathe suhruthukkaleyum sathrukkaleyum aakarshichu. samvidaanathinteyum neethinyaayathinteyum mechappeduthalinulla addehathinte pravartthanangale govarnor calton, attorni general francis masseres, cheef justice vilyam hayy ennivar prashamsichu. ennirunnaalum, ayalkkaranaaya joonn fraser, edward southu house, rene-oovaid hertle dii rauvil ennivarulppede majistrettiyile kurachu saha amgangalumaayi addehathinu abhipraayavyathyaasamundaayi.
60-aamath britiish royal rejimentinte captanaaya joonn fraser, 1765-ll, mochithanaayathin thottupinnaale, thelivukalude abhaavathil, adhehavum 1764 septambar 6-nuu thante vyakthiye aakramichappol chevi nashtappetta duu kaalvettinte suhruthaaya vyaapaari thomas wacker ulppetta akrama kesil samaadhaanathinte neethimaanaayi. duu kaalvett parayunnathanusarichu, eee kaalayalav muthal joonn fraser addehathodu sathrutha pulartthi. 1771 juun 29nuu, fraser duu kaalvettum fraasarinte athirvashathulla duu kaalvettinte veedinu munnil oru mushti pooraattatthil earppettu.
american viplava yuddham.
october 26nuu aadyathe kondinental kongras pravishyayile nivaasikale abhisambodhana cheythukondu oru kathu ezhuthi, athil "cubec niyamam" janangalkk nalkia sarkkar roopathe rookshamaayi vimarshichu. cubec niyamam" nalkaatha pravishya praathinidhyam svayam nalkaanum 1775 meyy 10 nuu filadelfiyayil nadakkaanirikkunna kondinental kongrasilekku eee prathinidhi samiti prathinidhikale ayaykkaanum janangale kshanichu.
cubec pravisyayil kongras sainyathinte praveshanathinu munbulla uyarnna samshayathinte anthareekshathil niravadhi pouranmaare arast cheyyukayum avaril duu kaalvettum ulppedunnu. pooyint-ooks-bhookambangalile milishya offeesaraaya joseph saiman leonard, duu kaalvett "vimatharumayi" sahakarichuvennu aaropichu. october 6nuu addehathinte cases kodathiyil vaadam kelkkukayum october 9nuu juurii aaropanam adisthaanarahithamaanennu nirasikkukayum cheythu.
november 13nuu montriyal oru poraattavumillaathe brigadier general richard montgomeriyude sainyam pidichedutthu. november 14nuu vaalantain jottard ezhuthiya prasamgathode kondinental kongras prathinidhikale abhivaadyam cheytha pouranmaarude oru kammittiyude bhaagamaayirunnu duu kaalvett. kongras sainyathinte 6 maasam neenduninna montriyal adhinivesha velayil, duu kaalvettinte storukal sainyathinte sevanathinaayi aavasyappedukayaayirunnu.
meyy 6nuu joonn bargointe neethrthwathil britiish sainyathe cubeckil ethi. juun 8 nuu kongras sainyam trois-riviyezhsil paraajayappedukayum juun 15 nuu benedict arnold cubec pravisyayil ninnu thante aalukale pinvalikkukayum cheythu. raajyam vidunnathinu munbu, kongras sainyam thirichadavinte vaagdaanakkurippukal nalkiyirunnu, athu addeham pinneedu kongrasinu 56,394 poundu thirike nalkaan upayogichu.
1777 leeii vasanthakaalath kaalttanin pakaramaayi frederic haldemandine niyamikkukayum 1778 juun 26 nuu pravishyayude thalasthaanathu athicherukayum cheythu. oru maasam munbu, fluory mesplet montriyalinte aadya pathravum cubeckinte charithratthile aadyathe franch mathramulla pathravum sthaapichu. piyari duu kaalvett neethinirvahanathe parasyamaayi apalapikkunnathinaayi athil thuranna kathukal prasidheekarichu.
meyy 26 nuu addeham thante sahapravarthakaraaya edward southousineyum rene-oovaid hertle dii rouvilleyeyum thuranna reethiyil apalapichu. attorni generalaya jaims monk dhuu kaalvettinethire apakeerthikkes phayal cheythu. abhibhashakanaaya vilyam dummer powell addehathe nyaayeekarikkukayum aaropanathin adisthaanamillennu prakhyaapichukondu juurii addehathe kuttavimukthanaakkukayum cheythu.
rashtreeya thadavukaaran.
1780 septambar 27nuu brigadier general allen maculan duu kaalvettine arast cheyyaan thudarnnu. 1780 septambar 27 muthal 1783 meyy 2 vare moonnu varshakkalam addeham thadavilaayirunnu. arast cheytha aadya divasam muthal addeham thante niraparaadhithvam avakaashappedunnathu avasaanippichilla, thanikk niyamaparamaaya vichaarana nalkanamennu abhyarthichu.
1780 desember 6 nuu, arast cheyth oru maasathinu sesham, legislative kaunsilar francois levesk samarppicha duu kaalvettine mochippikkunathinulla abhyarthana govarnor haldymand sweekarichu. ennaal pittennu govarnor thante manass maatti.
oduvil 1783 meyy 2nuu addeham jayilil ninnu mochithanaayi.
"neethipeetatthinte appeal maranavum".
jayilil ninnu purathirangiya duu kaalvett bhookhandam vittu landanilekku pooyi, avide britiish bharanaghadana lamghichathinu govarnor haldimondine vichaarana cheyyaan uddeshichu.
1784 maarchil addeham thante kaaranam engleesh pothujanagalkk ariyikkunnathinayi "peettar duu kaalvettinte cases" prasidheekarichu. engleesh bhasha ariyaathathinaal, jadji fraasarumaayulla ettumuttal, arast, pidichedukkal, samapraayakkaarude juric munnil vichaarana cheyyanamennu aavasyappetta niravadhi kathukal thudangiyavayekkurichulla vishadamaaya vivaranam ulkkollunna rekha ezhuthaan addehathinu francis maaserasinteyum peettiyar liviasinteyum sahayam labhichu.
joolaiyil, britiish udyogastharkkum cubeckile janangalkkum ezhuthiya kathukalude oru shekharamaaya "appal eiii laa justice dii ettaathu" addeham prasidheekarichu, thante vyakthiparamaaya kaaryangalil neethi nedunnathinum pravishyaykk oru puthiya bharanaghadana nalkunnathinumulla thante pravarthanangalekkurichu avare ariyikkaan uddeshichullathaanu.
athe varsham thanne, duu kaalvett thante thuranna kathukalilonnil parihasicha felix dii soorii "replic paar leeii pii" prasidheekarichu. kaalvett kaalathe dukhakaramaaya avastha".
haldimaantinethiraaya thante cases kaikaaryam cheyyaan addehathinu panam aavashyamaayirunnu. landanil aayirikkumbol atlaantik kadannu philadelphiyayilethaanum american kongras thanikk nalkenda panam veendedukkaanum addeham theerumaanichu. thaan vishwasicha thuka thantethaanennu avakashappedaan addeham kongras amgangalkku munnil haajaraayengilum athinte oru bhagam maathrame thirike nalkiyulloo. march 3nuu addehathe paareesilekk kondupookunna spanish kappal newyork thuramukhathu ninnu purappettu. march 15nuu spanish kappal kadalil nashtappettathayi prakhyaapichu.
rashtreeya paithrikam.
haldemantinte vichaarana orikkalum nadannittillengilum, duu kaalvett sweekaricha nadapadikal cubeckinte charithratthinte gathiye nirnnaayakamaayi swaadheenichu. cubec pravishyaykk oru assembly house nedaanulla oru pothu shramathil franch samsaarikkunnavarum engleesh samsaarikkunnavarum catholicar protestantumaarumaaya pouranmaarude pankaalitthatthinu addeham sambhavana nalki ennathil samshayamilla. vaasthavathil, addehathinte kathukalude shekharathinte aadya pakarppukal vannu eathaanum maasangalkk sesham, 1784 november 24-leeii "puraathanavum puthiyathumaaya vishayangalude oru sabhaykkulla nivedanathil" niravadhi aalukal oppuvaykkukayaayirunnu.
1867 desemberil canadian dii montriyal instittyoottil nadatthiya avasana pothuprasamgatthil luis-josaf papino thante oormma unarthi. thante thalamurayile mattu palareyum pole addehathinu duu kaalvettinte katha ariyamaayirunnu.
1877-ll luis frechettu thante kavita samahaaramaaya "laa lejende dii 'unn peeppil"-ll "duu kaalvett" enna peril oru kavita samarppichu. thante pooraattatthinte kathayekkurichu kavithakalil vivarikkunna addeham addehathe oru deseeya naayakanakki, "nammude pourayudhangalile aadya chaambyan" aakki.
papino-soonn influvence surr laa pency canadian" enna thante pusthakatthinte anchaam adhyayam "nammude charithratthile ettavum mahathaaya kaalaghattam udghaadanam cheythavarkku" samarppichu.

