velutha chirakulla taaraav

velutha chirakulla taaraav allengil velutha chirakulla thadi taaraav (azercornis skoottulaatta) oru valia inam thaaraavaan, munbu ithu "kairina" janussil maskovi thaaravinoppam ("kairina moshthaatta") sthaapikkukayum thaaraavukalumaayi sakhyamundaakkukayum cheythirunnu. ennirunnaalum, emm. tii. dii. eiii. cytochrome "bii", naad dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequence vishakalanam enniva soochippikkunnathu maskovi thaaravumaayulla shareeraghadana saamyam vanjanaaparamaanennum eee inathe "azercornis skoottulaatta" enna monotypic janussil uchithamayi sthaapichittundennum soochippikkunnu, ithu parinamaparamaayi redheadinode (diving thaaravukalilonnaaya "aythya americana") aduthaanu.
vivaranam.
bharamullah steamer thaaravukalkk aduthulla ettavum valia jeevikkunna thaaraavukalil onnaanith. velutha chirakulla thaaraavinod eathaandu malsarikkunna valipavum maskovi thaaraavin labhikkunnu, pakshe oru vanyaraajyath sharashari alppam cheruthayirikkaam. neelavum chirakukalum undu. purushanmaarkk thookkam, sthreekalkku thookkam. muthirnna pakshikalil ettavum sradheyamaaya savisheshatha, velutha thalaykkum kazhuthinum vipareethamaayi irunda sareeramaanu. purushanmaarkk kooduthalum mangiya manjaniratthilulla nottukal, thalayilum kazhuthilum karutha niratthilulla mottingukal, velutha cheria median kavarukal, tertialukalude akathe arikukal, neela-chaaraniratthilulla secondary enniva undu. parakkunna samayat, velutha chirakukalude maravukal backie chirakukalumaayi vyathyasthamaan. penthumbikal cheruthum saadhaaranayaayi kooduthal saandramaaya thalayum kazhuthinte mukalbhaagavum ullavayumaan. praayapoorthiyaakaathavar kooduthal mangiyavarum brounerumaanu.
eee rahasya inam raathriyil maathrame bhakshikkaan kazhiyoo. vithukal, jalasasyangal, daanyangal, arrie, ochukal, cheria malsyangal, praanikal enniva ithinte bhakshanathil ulppedunnu. nithyaharitha, elapozhiyum allengil chathuppunila vanangalkkullil allengil athinaduthulla nischalamaaya allengil pathukke ozhukunna prakrithidathavum krithrimavumaaya thanneerthadangalil ithu vasikkunnu, avaa saadhaaranayaayi marakkuzhikalil valarthunnathinum koodundaakkunnathinum aasrayichirikkunnu. thaazhnna pradeshangal (<aii. dii. 1> meterinu thaazhe) ettavum anuyojyamaaya aavaasavyavastha nalkunnundengilum, ithu 1,400 meter uyarathil, prathyekichu mandagathiyilulla vattaatha nadikaleyum kulangaleyum pinthunaykkunna peedabhoomikalil sambhavikkunnu.
vitharanavum nilayum.
charitraparamaayi, vadakkukizhakkan indiayil ninnum banglaadeshil ninnum thekkukizhakkan eshyayiludaneelam jaava, sumatra vare velutha chirakulla taaraav vyaapakamaayi vyaapichirunnu. ithu ippol jaavayil vamshanasham sambhavichirikkunnu. indiayil, thaaraavine raajyathinte vadakkukizhakkan bhaagath maathrame kaanappedunnulloo, kizhakkan asamilum arunachal pradeshinte sameepa pradeshangalilum pradhana saandrathayundu. ennirunnaalum, 2002-ll lavos, thayland, vietnaam, cambodia ennividangalil ekadesham 200 perum sumatrayil 150 perum, prathyekichu compass desheeyodyaanathil 450 perum india, bangladesh, barma ennividangalil 450 perum mathramaayirunnu janasamkhya.
indiayil, daibru-saikhova desheeyodyaanam, dihing-patkaay vanyajeevi sanketham, nameri desheeyodyaanam, namdafa desheeyodyaanam ennivayaanu velutha chirakulla thaaraavukalude pradhana samrakshitha pradeshangal.
idathoornna ushnamekhalaa nithyaharitha vanangalilum nadikalkkum chathuppukalkkum sameepavumaan velutha chirakukalulla taaraav kaanappedunnath.
avaa marangalude arakalil koodundaakkunnu, pollayaya marangalude nasham avayude koodundaakkunna pradeshangale nasippikkunnathinaal bhaagikamaayi bheeshani neridunnu. chathuppukalum nadikalum ozhukunnathum mattu aavaasavyavasthakalude nashavum avaykku athijeevikkaan kazhiyunna aavaasavyavasthaye nasippikkunnu. janithaka vyathiyaanam, aswasthatha, vettayaadal, bhakshanathino valarthumrigangalkko vendi muttakalum kunjungalum shekharikkal enniva adhika bheeshanikalil ulppedunnu.
aavaasavyavasthayude nashtam, janasamkhyayude cheria valippam, bhakshanam, muttakal, valarthumrigangal ennivaykkaayi eee thaaraavine vettayaadunnathinaal, vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna enangalude iucn redu listtil velutha chirakulla thaaraavine vamshanaashabheeshani neridunnathaayi vilayiruthunnu. ithu kottinte anubandham I-ll pattikappedutthiyittundu. maddhya sumatra pravisyayaaya reavilum, prathyekichu oru valia pulp, paper kambaniyude peetlaand "akkeshya" thottangalilum velutha chirakulla thaaraavine kaanapedunnu. thottangal, kuranjathu thaalkkaalikamaayi, aanukaalika vilaveduppukalkkidayil (4-5 varshathilorikkal) anuyojyamaaya aavaasavyavastha nalkunnu. valuthum thoongikkidakkunnathaya "akkeshya" marangal vettakkaaril ninnu nizhalum moodalum nalkukayum bhakshanam nalkaanum visramikkaanumulla oru abhayasthaanavum nalkunna kanaalukalil thaaraavukale pathivayi kaanapedunnu. thottangalile kanaalukalile shaanthavum nischalavumaaya vellam thaaraavukale vettayaadukayo muttakal shekharikkukayo cheiyunna praadeshika samoohangalil ninnu akale, aswasthathayillaathathum otappettathumaaya oru sthalam nalkunnu. sameepathulla prakrithidatha vanasamrakshana mekhalakalum greenbelttukalum kanaalukalkk sameepam anuyojyamaaya koodundaakkaanum valarthaanumulla aavaasavyavastha nalkunnu.
indian samsthaanamaaya asamile samsthaana pakshiyaanith.
englandil thadavilulla prajananatthiloode janasamkhya samrakshikkaanulla sramangal nadannittundu. nizhalum mangiya prakashavumulla saahacharyangalil avaa nannayi pravarthikkunnuvennu kaanapedunnu, ennaal avaykku pakshisankethatthinu saadhyatha kooduthalaanu.

