
loriyantile raid

austriyan pinthudarchaavakaashikalude yudhathil 1746 septambar 29 muthal october 10 vare loriyant pattanatthinu chuttumulla pradeshathu nadanna oru britiish ubhayachara ooppareshanaayirunnu loriyantinethiraaya raid. swantham theeram shakthippeduthunnathinaayi flandezhsil ninnu thangalude sainyathe pinvalikkaan franchukaare nirbandhikkaanulla sramamaayaanu ithu aasoothranam cheythath. athesamayam, franch eest india kambani loriyantine oru bays aandu supply dippo aayi upayogichirunnathinaal, athinte nasham eest indeesile britiish lakshyangal niravettum.
ekadesham 4500 britiish sainikar yaatra cheythenkilum avare vahikkunna kappalukalkk niravadhi divasam loriyant theerathu kaathirikkendi vannu, ithu pattanatthe athinte prathirodham samghadippikkaanum mekhalayile mattu pattanangalil ninnu shakthippeduthalukal vilikkaanum anuvadichu. britiish sainyam october 3nuu maathramaan pattanatthinte praanthapradeshangalil athiyathu, october 5 muthal 7 vareyulla bombaakramanatthiloode pattanatthinte keezhadangalinulla charchakal avasaanichu. october 7nuu britiish seena pinwangan utharavittu. britiish enchineeyarmaarude kazhivillaaymayum rogavum ksheenavum moolam nashtamaayathum kamaandare akramanam nirthaan nirbandhithanaakki. athesamayam, thante shathruvin valareyadhikam samkhyaaparamaaya menmayundennum thante prathirodhatthinte balaheenatayum swantham sainyathinte mosham pariseelanavum aayudangalum ariyaamennum vishwasichu franch commander aadyam keezhadangan padhathiyittu. shatru purappettathinu thottupinnaale october 7 nuu addeham keezhadanganulla vaagdaanam nalkukayum orikkalum marupadi labhikkathirikkukayum cheythu.
thekkan brittaniyil kottakal vikasippikkaan franchukaare nirbandhitharaakkunnathu polulla sainika falangalkkum, david hume voltair thammil oru vivaadam aarambikkunnathum nagaratthil kanyaka meriyude aaraadhanaykk kaaranamayathum polulla saamskaarika prathyaaghaathangalkkum, uparodhathe vivarikkunna niravadhi gaanangalkkum eee raid sradheyamaanu.
pashchaathalam.
austriyan pinthudarchaavakaashathinte yuddham.
1745ll louisburg pidichadakkiyathinethudnar britiish sarkkar cubechinethire akramanam nadatthaan aalochichu, athu kaanadayude mail brittante niyanthranam ealppikkum. bedford rajakumaran oru prachaaranatthinte pramukha rashtreeya pinthunakkaaranaayirunnu. admiral richard lestokkinte keezhil oru naavikasenayude akambadiyode lefttanant general jaims sent clairinte neethrthwathilulla sainikarumaayi oru seena ithinaayi thayyarakkiyirunnu. 1746 joonode ithu kappal yaathraykk thayyarayirunnu.
ennirunnaalum, atlaantik crossingin sent laurence nadiyude pravarthanangalkkum varsham valare vaikiyenn theerumaanikkukayum dii 'aanvilleyude keezhil oru franch kappal pettennuthanne purappettathil britishukaar aashankappedukayum cheythu (ithu louisburg thirichupidikkaan sramikkunnathil swantham paraajayatthe nerittu). britiish senaye mattoru sainyathilekku veendum samyojippikkunnath asaadhyamaayathinaal, nyookaasttilinte onnaam duke thomas pelham-holls jaims sent clairinode ithu fraansil erangaan upayogikkanamennu nirddeshichu. grettu brittanile jorjju randaaman eee nirddeshathekkurichu kelkkukayum oru padhathi thayyarakkiyittundo ennu generalinode chodikkukayum cheythu. atharamoru padhathiyonnum ithuvare illennum atharamoru landing evide nadathaamennu thanikkariyillennum general addehathodu paranju, ennaal franch theerathu landing sthalangal padikkaan generalukal nirddeshichu. rajaavumaayulla oru koodikkazhchayil, padhathi nadappaakkanamenn nyookaasil nirbandhikkukayum august 29 nuu ooppareshante utharavukalkkayi kaathirikkaan plaimouthilekku pookaan sent clairinu utharavukal labikkukayum cheythu.
britiish padhathiyude uthbhavam.
loriyantine akramikkaan theerumaanam.
plaimouthil, franch theerathekku kappal kayaran loriyant, rochefort, laa roshell, bordo allengil mattethenkilum pattanatthe akramikkaanum avasaram labhichappol sent clairinu utharavukal labhichu. august maasatthile oru kathil, thanikk ithinakam ariyamaayirunnathum (mattu pattanangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi) kottayillaathathumaaya bordoikkethiraaya oru ooppareshane addeham anukoolichu. france sainyathe flandezhsil ninnu pinvalikkaanum loriyant mathiyakum, avide avar merachal dii saxeyude keezhil valare vijayakaramaanennu theliyikkukayum austriyan pradesham keezhadakkukayum fontenoy, rocourt, brassels thudangiya niravadhi vijayangal nedukayum cheythu.
admiral anson plaimouthilundaayirunnu. addeham sent clairine kandumuttukayum thekkan brittaniyile loriyant pattanam moshamaayi kottakettiyathaanennu ariyaamenn addehathe ariyikkukayum cheythu. athinaal aaa theerathu landing allengil raid saadhyamaaya sthalangal thirichariyaan navikasena ayaykkaan theerumaanichu. athe samayam, general staafile mejar mcdonald nirmmicha normandiyil irakkaanulla oru padhathiye nyookaastal pinthunaykkaan thudangi. mcdonaldine sent clairinu munbu thante padhathiye nerittu prathirodhikkaan plaimouthilekku ayachu, ennaal mcdonaldinu sainika kaaryangalil arivillennum addeham loriyantil ninnu normandiyilekku maarukayaanengil ippol thante kappalukale mattoru rahasyaanveshana douthyathilekku ayaykkendivarumennum sent clair theerumaanichu. oduvil loriyantinethire paryaveshana senaye ayaykkaan theerumaanichu, kaaranam athinu eratta nettamundaakum-onnamathaayi, franch eest india kambaniyude aasthaanamaayirunnu eee pattanam, pattanatthil oru reydiloode athinte pravartthanangal thadayaan kazhiyum, randaamathaayi athu flandezhsile franch senayude vazhithirichuvidalaayi pravartthikkum.
britiish thayyaareduppukal.
leag oof ogsburghinte yuddham muthal britiish thanthrangal vikasichirunnu. aaa samgharshathil cheythathupole thuramukhangalil bombakramanam nadathunnathinum brittani theerathu raid cheiyunnathinupakaram, brittan kooduthal kooduthal 1694 leeii kaamarat yuddham polulla valia ubhayachara pravarthanangalilekku maari.
vais admiral richard lestokku 1744 februvariyil britaniyile puthiya ooppareshanaayi britiish kappalppadayude thalavanayi niyamikkappedukayum tooloon yudhathile paraajayatthil ulppettathinaal kodathi-martle niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. addehathinu 16 kappalukalum 8 frigettukalum 43 gathagatha kappalukalum undaayirunnu. paryaveshanam purappedunnathinu thottumunbu charitrakaaranum thathwachinthakanumaaya david hyoom karaa aakramanathinte kamaandaraayi jaims sent clairinte sekrattariyaayi. royal rejimentinte onnaam bataaliyan, highlandezhs rejimentinte anchaam bataaliyan, brags rejimentinte moonnaam bataaliyan, haarisans rejimentinte randaam bataaliyan, richbells rejimentinte naalam bataaliyan, fraamptans rejimentinte chila battaaliyante bhagam, 4,500 peradangunna naavikarude chila kambanikal enniva chernnathaanu sent clairs fozhsu.
normandic munganana nalkikkond reydinulla ettavum mikacha lakshyam brittaniyaano ennu commandermark samshayamundaayirunnu. britaniyekkurichu britteeshukaarkk athra ariyillaayirunnu-sent clairinu eee pradeshatthinte oru bhoopadam nedaan kazhinjilla, pakaram fraansinte oru cheria thothilulla bhoopadam upayogikkendivannu, athesamayam lestokkinu pattanatthinte prathirodhathekkurichu onnum ariyillaayirunnu. landing fozhsinum kuthirakale swanthamaakkaan kazhinjilla. septambar 26nuu plaimouthil ninnu purappetta kappalppada franchukaar thadayaatheyaanu ushant kadannath.
franch pashchaathalam.
budhiyum thayyaareduppukalum.
britiish thadavukaare chodyam cheythukondu plaimouthil nilayurappichirikkunna sainikarude praadhaanyathekkurichu franch jeevanakkaare avarude rahasyaanveshana sevanangal ariyichirunnuvenkilum ithu senayude lakshyamaya lakshyam velippeduthiyittilla. franch theerathu cheria thothilulla raid nirddeshikkunna oru sandesham, sainyathin bhakshanavum kurachu kuthirakalum undennu nilathulla oru ejantu ayachu. engleesh chanalileyum atlaantik theerangalileyum franch thuramukhangalude commandermaare, prathyekichu portt-louisine septambar 24 nuu ariyichu. theeradeshathu britiish rahasyaanveshanangal report cheyyappettillenkilum theerasamrakshana senaye theerathekku ayachu. athe samayam mack nemarayude keezhilulla kappalukalkk loriyantilekku pookaanum kaathirikkaanum utharavittu.
lorintinu chuttumulla sahacharyam.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, brittaaniyude theeram kramena puthiya kottakalaal moodappettirunnuvenkilum loriyantinu chuttumulla pradesham ippozhum moshamaayi samrakshikkappettu. loriyant roadukal adacha citadal dii portt-luis aadhunikavalkkarikkappedaathe thaazhnna kothalangal maathramaan nagaratthinte pinbhaagathe samrakshichirunnathu, athesamayam athinte theerathinu mattu prathirodhangalonnum undaayirunnilla.
eee sthalam oru vyapara thuramukhamaayum thanthrapradhaanamaaya oru sthalamaayum mariyirunnu. franch naavikasenaykkum eest india kambanikkum kappalukal nirmmikkunnathinayi nirmmicha aayudhashekharangal-randaamathethu 1732-ll athinte thaavalam naantasil ninnu loriyantilekku maattaan thiranjedutthirunnu. breast, naantas, bordo ennivaykkidayilulla kaabodejinte kendram koodiyaayirunnu ithu. pattanatthinte thekk-kizhakk, eest indeesil ninnu madangukayum loriyantilekku pookukayum cheiyunna kappalukalkk belle-ail abhayam nalki. pradhana dveepilekkulla sameepanakale samrakshikkunnathinaayi pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathil aduthulla dveepukalaaya houvatt, hodic enniva shakthippeduthi.
1620 muthal eee pradeshathu kanyaka meriyude oru aaradhana vikasichu. ooreykku sameepamulla kaalaghattatthil vishudha aaneyude prathyakshappedal report cheyyappedukayum catholica brettan senayodu pooraadunna protestant britiish senayude pashchaathalatthil muun britiish reydukalil niravadhi athbhuthangal avarkk kaaranamaayi parayappedukayum cheythu.
raid.
septambaril kappal yaatra cheytha eee paryavekshanam taamasiyaathe franch atlaantik theerathu ethi. vishuvarshavathakangal ooppareshane angeyattam apakadakaramaakkumennu avar vishwasichathinaal rund commandermark avarude utharavukalil vyakthamayum aswasthathayundaayirunnu, koodaathe loriyantinekkurichum athinte prathirodhathekkurichum avarkk uracha budhishakthiyumilla.
septambar 20nuu sainyathe irakkukayum pattanatthilekku munnerukayum cheythu. avar athinte baahya prathirodhatthil athukayum theepidutthatthil akappedukayum cheythu-ithu avarude pinvaangalilekku nayichu. sent clair thante sainyathe veendum kayattukayum paryaveshanam englandilekku madangukayum cheythu. vaasthavathil pattanavaasikal keezhadangan pookukayaayirunnu, athinaal cheruthaayi prathirodhikkappettu, kadal prathirodhatthinte abhavam ardhamaakkunnathu lestokkinu thante kappalukal thuramukhathekku kayatti kadaltheerathu irakkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu.
thurakkal ghattam.
landing.
aarr divasam chaanal kadannu britiish kappalppada septambar 29nuu loriyantil ninnu ethi, athinte rahasyaanveshana kappalukalumayi chernnu. portt-louisil ninnulla oru bark avare kandenkilum athe samayam pratheekshichirunna mack nemarayude kappalukalumayi avare aashayakkuzhappathilaakki. loriyantinte prathirodhathekkurichulla arivillaayma kaaranam lestokku loriyant rodukalilekkulla praveshanam thante landing pooyintaayi thiranjedutthu. septambar 29 vaikunneram muthal laittayude mukhathinu sameepam poldu beyil kappalthaavalangal nankooramiditthudangi. anukoolamaaya kaalaavasthayum poornnachandran kadaltheerathu veeshunna nalla kaattum undaayirunnittum, lestokku landing pittennu vare maattivachu, franchukaarkku avarude prathirodham thayyarakkan samayam vittu. ennirunnaalum, landing saitt niravadhi prasnangal avatharippichu-athu kaattin vidheyamaayirunnu, oru kodunkaattu pottippurappettal kappalukal theerathekku oodaanulla apakadasaadhyathayund, athesamayam athu loriyantil ninnu 16 mile akaleyaayirunnu.
kazhinja divasam samayakkurav moolam raddaakkiyathine thudarnnu october 1 shaniyazhchayaanu landing nadannathu. prathikoola kaalavastha kaaranam athiraavile landing nadatthaan kazhinjilla, ithu loriyant koost gaardukalkk theerchayaayum kappalpadaye mack nemaarayudethalla, briteeshukaaraayi thirichariyaan anuvadikkukayum avarude prathirodham krameekarikkanulla samayavum anuvadikkukayum cheythu. britiish sainyam moonnu beechukalilekku adukkukayum lestokkinte kappalukalil ninnulla bombaakramanatthil 400 muthal 1000 vare aalukale koottamaayi irakkukayum cheythu.
staaf, paikk, kurachu thokkukal enniva maathram ulla, pradhaanamaayum upakaranangal illaatha karshakar ulppetta, theerasamrakshana senayaayirunnu aadyam labhyamaya franch sainyam. 1744 muthal parimithamaaya phalathode oro varshavum 15 divasam avarkk pariseelanam nalkiyirunnu. kuthirappadayude moonnu kambanikalum undaayirunnu-theerasamrakshana senayodoppam, ithu markvis dii ell hoppittalinte neethrthwathil ekadesham 2,000 pere niyamichu. ennirunnaalum, moonnu beechukalil randennam maathrame phalapradamaayi samrakshikkaan kazhinjulloo, sent clair ithu muthaleduthu thante sainyathe irakki.
loriyantilulla prathikaranam.
septambar 30 nuu vaikunneram 3 maniyode britiish landing vaartha loriyantilethi, nagaratthile niravadhi madhyavarga nivaasikal avarude swathukkal henebondilekkum vaanasilekkum maatti. munnariyipp nalkukayum noyal-pontivi vare ulnaadan pradeshangalilekku pookukayum cheythu. athe divasam thanne deshamps (morbihanile citadel dii portt-luis kottayude commander) mekhalayile niravadhi pattanangalil ninnulla sainyathodu abhyarthichu. october 1,2 theeyathikalil vaanesinaayi 300 perum joselinaayi rund milishya dittaachmentukalum rohanayi kurachu sainikarum morlexinaayi 300 perum lamballekkaayi kurachu dussen thokkudhaarikalum rennukalkkayi 1,000 ll thaazhe purushanmaarum aayi avare ayachu.
pinvaangunna franch sainyam athe vaikunneram loriyantilethi. karshakarum theerasamrakshana senayile ekadesham 2000 aalukalum britiish sthaanangale pattanatthil ninnu verthirikkunna graamapradesangalil garilla reargard pravarthanangalkkethire poraadaan kazhinju. karshaka senayodu pooraadiyathinu sheshamulla aadya divasam oru britiish rahasyaanveshana seena maargganirddeshangal pidichedukkukayum avare pinwangan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu.
october 1 nuu vaikunneram dii hoppittal loriyantinte prathirodhatthinte command ettedukkukayum udan thanne oru yudhasamithi nadathukayum cheythu. thudakkathil nagaratthinte prathirodham karshaka milishyakalkk vittukodukkaan addeham aagrahichu, athesamayam swantham sainyam graamapradesangalile britiish sainyathe upadravichu, pakshe pattanavaasikal sammathichilla, athinaal addeham command upekshichu.
nagaratthilekkum franch prathikaranangalilekkum march cheyyuka.
nagaratthe sameepikkunnu.
1746 october 1nuu britiish karayudham aarambikkukayum udan thanne budhimuttukal neridukayum cheythu. mazha bhoomi kadakkaan budhimuttaakkukayum beechukale pattanatthil ninnu verthirikkunna moonnu mile uparodha senaykk aayudangalum saadhanangalum nalkunnathu budhimuttaakkukayum cheythu.
october 2 njaayarazhcha mikka britiish sena loriyantilekku march cheyyaan thudangi, pakshe sent clairinte pakkal vishadamaaya bhoopadam undaayirunnilla, addeham thadavukaare pidikoodiyappol polum avar franch samsaarichilla, intelligence aavasyangalkku upayogashoonyamaayirunnu. sent clairinu thante sainyathe rund nirakalaayi vibhajikkendivannu, onnu plure, mattonn vadakkott kwimberle ennividangalilekku. aadyathe koolam surakshithamaayi pulmeyaril athiyengilum konkaarniyoyil ninnu vanna 300 milittiyanmaar kwimberle koolam upadravikkukayum pulmayerilekku thiriyunnathin munbu kurachu samayathekku pinmaarukayum cheythu. sainyam neengunnathinumumbu akramikkukayum pirichuvidukayum cheytha plure enna sainikasamghathinu thottumunbu rund nirakalum veendum chernnu. vaikunneram 3 maniyode britishukaar loriyantine kaanukayum nagaratthil ninnulla leaginte moonnil rund bhagamaaya lanveril camp sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
franch prathikaranangal.
1746 october 3 nuu vaikunneram britiish sainyam pattanatthilekku keezhadanganulla nirddesham ayachu. sent clairinu naalu manikkoor kollayadikkaanulla avakashavum valia thukayum aavashyamaayirunnu. franch charchakkaar athe vaikunneram thanne nirddesham nirasichu-franch senaye yudhathinte poornna bahumathiyumayi pattanatthilekku madangaan anuvadikkanamennum pattanamo eest india kambaniyude sambharanikalo britiish sainyam kollayadikkillennu urappu nalkanamennum avar nirddeshichu. eee nibandhanakal sent clairinte aavasyakathakalkku virudhamaayirunnu, october 4 nuu addeham avaa nirasikkukayum thante kappalukalude thokkukal pattanatthilekku konduvannu athu uparodhikkaan utharavidukayum cheythu. kuthirakalo koottam mrugangalo illaathirunnathinaal ellaam purushanmaarude purakil kondupokendivannu. karshakar thangalude bhakshanamellam marachuvekkukayum sainikarude ksheenam vardhippikkukayum cheythu-niravadhi aalukal rogabaadhitharaakukayo ellah divasavum dutic yogyarallaathirikkukayo cheythu.
uparodhathinte aadyakaalangalil uparodhakkaarkkethire niravadhi franch sainika neekkangal nadannengilum avayude swaadheenam parimithappedutthikkondu saadhaarana sainikarude pinthunayundaayilla. kooduthal sainyathe ethikkaan samayam kandethuka ennathaayirunnu pradhana lakshyam. october 3 thinkalaazhcha vaikunneram mejar dii villeneuve portt-louisilethi, october 4 raavile muthal october 6 vyaazhazhcha vare athinte command etteduthu, aaa theeyathiyil britaniyile raajaavinte kamaandaraaya komte dii wallware addehathe maatti. britiish thadavukaare abhimukham nadatthaanum shathruvinte durbalathakal padikkaanum addehathinu kazhinju.
october 5 budhanaazhcha vaikunneram, landinginte vaartha fraansile luis XV-ll versile ethi. 20 kaalaalppada battaaliyanukal, oru draagan rejiment, rund kuthirappada rejimentukal, oru sainikavibhagam enniva ulppedunna flandezhs frondil ninnu sainyathe verpeduthi padinjarottu ayaykkaan addeham theerumaanichu.
uparodhikkukayum pinvaangukayum cheyyuka.
britiish sramangal.
britiish enchineeyarmaar 24 manikorinullil nagaram nasippikkumennu vaagdaanam cheythenkilum aaa vaagdaanam palikkaan kazhiyillennu athivegam thelinju. mathiyaya vediyundakalillaathe peerankikalum choolakalillaattha mortaarukalum athikkukayum vediyuthirkkaan avare nirbandhitharaakkukayum cheythu. britiish sainyathinte moonnilonnu perkkum peerankikal kondupokaan sahaayikkendi vannu, ithu avare thalarthi. 1746 october 5nuu maathramaan uparodham aathmaarthamaayi aarambhichath, pittennu bombakramanam nadannu. ennirunnaalum, britiish thokkukal pattanatthil ninnu valare akale kuzhichu, parimithamaaya naashanashtangal maathrame varuthiyulloo-aarr perr kollappettu, panthrand perkku parikkettu, rund veedukalkku theeyidukayum mattu rund veedukalkku saaramaayi kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum pathinanju perkku cheria kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum cheythu. pradhaanamaayum kallukondu nirmmicha, cheria maram kondu nirmmicha, loriyantile veedukal pradhaanamaayum britiish peeranki vedivayppine prathirodhikkunnuvennu thelinju. david hume eee saahacharyathe sangrahichu
ksheenavum rogavum kaaranam britiish sainyam churungaan thudangi. october 6nuu vaikunneram 3,000 perr maathramaan poraattatthinu yogyatha nediyathu. avarkk sainika aakramanangale abhimukeekarikkendivannu, koodaathe keroman moorlaandile avarude campine prathirodhikkendivannu. october 6 nuu avarkk palayanam cheiyunnavaril ninnum adimakalaakkappetta aafrikkan, praadeshika veshyakalil ninnum vivarangal labhichu, ithu ekadesham 20,000 purushanmaarude oru sainyam pattanathinullil kaathirikkukayaanennum oru valia franch prathyakramanam aasannamaanennum britishukaar vishwasikkaan kaaranamaayi.
kodunkaattukal pratheekshichirunnathinaal addehathinu kadaltheerathu thudaraan kazhiyaathe vannathinaal lestokku vaartha ayachu. uparodham uyarthendathundennu sent clair nigamanam cheythu. october 6 nuu vaikunneram oru yudhasamithi oru krithyamaaya theerumaanathilethiyille pinvangalinekkurichu valareyadhikam charcha cheyyappettu. pittennu (october 7) pattanatthile bombakramanam parajayappettathaayi theliyikkukayum sainyathinte pinvaangal marachuvekkaan peerankikal pattanatthil bombakramanam thudarumbol uchakazhinju britishukaar pinwangan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. october 9 njaayarazhcha maathramaan avasaanathe sainikar veendum erangiyathu, ennirunnaalum oru kaatt udanadi purappedunnathu thadasappeduthukayum october 10 nuu maathramaan kappal kappal purappedunnathu.
franch prathirodham.
nagaram athinte prathirodham thayyarakki-peerankikal kappalukalil ninnu konduvannu pattanatthinte kothalangalil sthaapichu, puthiya prathirodham nirmmikkukayum portt-louisil ninnulla sainikarude varavode gaarisan shakthippeduthukayum cheythu. october 6nuu ekadesham 15,000 sainikar pattanathilundaayirumnum avarellam anubhavaparichayamillaathavarum achadakkamillaathavarumaayu. athe divasam thanne franch thokkukal britiish bombaakramanathinu mikacha nilavaaramulla shoat upayogichu marupadi nalkaan thudangi-franch vediyuthirtha cheyin shoat grapeshot, britishukaar bombukalum pottithericha grenadeukalum upayogichu. pittennu (october 7) britiish moonnu britiish palayanam cheiyunnavarkkethire 4,000 oolam vediyuthirkkukayum britiish seena 3,000 perr mathramaayirunnuvennum 20,000 perallennum velippeduthi.
october 7 nuu vaikunneram franch command sentarinu sameepam oru britiish vediyuthirkkal oru yudhasamithiyilekku nayichu. britishukaar thangalude vedivayppu shakthippeduthaan pookukayaanennu karuthi dii volver dii hoppittalum keezhadangaline pinthunachu. britiish sainyathekkaal durbalaraayi chinthichukondu thante sainikarkk vijayikkaan kazhiyumennu pattanatthile commander vishwasichilla, ennaal addehathinte udyogastharum pattanavaasikalum keezhadangunnathine ethirthu, avasana vediyunda vare pattanatthe prathirodhikkaan thangal thayyaaraanenn paranju. angane keezhadangan theerumaanikkukayum october 7 nuu vaikunneram 7 manikk dii ell hoppittal keezhadanganulla nirddeshavumaayi nagaram vidukayum cheythu. shatru senaye kandethaan kazhiyaathathinal ratri 10 maniyode addehathinu thirichupokendivannu. addeham oru britiish thanthram samshayichu, pattanatthinte prathirodham shakthippeduthaan utharavittu.
pittennu (october 8) uparodha campil avasheshichirunna sthalathu franch peerankiyum mortaarukalum kandethi, aaa vaikunneram plomerile karshakar britiish pinvaangal vaartha nagaratthilekku konduvannu. britiish sainyam pinvaangiyappol coastgaard milishya avare upadravichuvenkilum franch kuthirapadayum dragonukalum aaa pravarthanangalil pankedukkaan visammathichu. october 10 nuu portt-luis kadannupoya britiish kappalpadaye thadayaan oru shramavum nadannilla, kaaranam avide randaamathe landing undaakumenna bhayathaal. loriyantile nivaasikalum eee mekhalayil britiish sainyathe irakkunnathinekkurichu jagrathayilaayirunnu.
uparodha vaartha versiles vazhi paareesil ethi, ithu fraansile eest india kambaniyude ohari udamakale aashankappeduthi. october 14nuu paareesil ethiya dii hoppittal raajaavine kandu. thante thettukal paraamarshikkunnath ozhivakkiya addeham yudhathekkurichulla vivaranam adhehathinteyum dii volveyarinteyum punk prolsaahippikkukayum angane addehathinu purogathiyum saambathika nettavum nedukayum cheythu.
anantharafalangal.
1750-kalil ezhu varshathe yudhathil germmaniyile franch yudhashramathe asthirappeduthunnathina franch theerathulla pattanangalkkum dveepukalkkumethire brittan niravadhi reydukal nadathiyappol loriyantile raid enna naavika vamshajarekkurichulla ashayam veendum fasionabilaayi. yudhasamayathu brittan rochafort, cherberg, sent maalo ennividangalil reydukal nadatthi.
sainika phalangal.
pinneedu thekkan brittaniyil raid nadatthi.
britiish kappalppada loriyantinu kizhakode neengi, october 10 nuu oru kodunkaattu veeshunnathuvare theerathe niravadhi pooyintukal akramikkaan thudangi, 900 oolam aalukalulla anchu gathaagathangalkk bakkiyulla kappalukalumayi bandham nashtappettu. svanthamaayi oru utharavum illaathe eee kappalukal brittanilekku madangi. moonnu battaaliyanukal shakthippeduthumennu vaagdaanam cheythirunnuvenkilum commandermar pratheekshichirunnuvena avar athiyilla.
october 14num 20num idayil kvibaron upadveep adhinivesham cheyyukayum kollayadikkukayum cheythu. october 20nuu houvatt dveep october 24nuu hodic akramikkappettu. eee dveepukalil vaubaan nirmmicha prathirodham oru vediyundayum prayogikkaathe pidichedukkukayum nilathekku thakarkkukayum cheythu. october 29nuu schwadron pookunnathuvare belle-aile-enn-merr uparodhichu. niravadhi reydukal eee mekhalayile vyaapaarathe thadassappeduthiyenkilum ooppareshan austriyan pinthudarchakkaarude yudhathil oru phalavum srishtichilla.
rocourt yudhathil sakhyakakshikalude paraajayathekkurichum brittaniyil franch sainyathinte varavu saadhyamaakunnathinekkurikum vaartha labhichathinethudarnnu, commandermar brittanilekku madangaan theerumaanichu. sakthamaaya kaattil kappalppada thakarnnuveezhukayum chitharikkidakkukayum cheythu, avaril chilar thuppukettilekku yaatra cheyyukayum bhooribhaagam gathaagathangalum mattu kappalukalum (ippozhum lestokkinte commandle) corkilekku neengukayum cheythu, athu avar november aadyam ethi.
lestokku paraajayappedunnathinumbu thanne paraajayavaartha brittaniletthi, oru maasathinu sesham marikkukayum addeham thante command keezhadangan nirbandhithanaakukayum cheythu. athe varsham desemberil "gentlemens magazin" paryaveshanathekkurichu nannayi ariyunna oraalil ninnulla oru kathu prasidheekarikkukayum prachaarana velayil admiral oru veshyayude swaadheenathilaanennum avale yuddha kaunsilukal nadatthaan anuvadichuvennum aaropikkukayum cheythu. paryaveshanatthinte parajayam vishadeekarikkaan nicolas tindell eee aropanangal aavarthichu.
thekkan brittaniyude kotta.
britiish raid franchukaare eee pradeshatthinte prathirodhatthile balaheenathakale oormmippichu. 1750 muthal niravadhi nadapadikal sweekarikkukayum brittaaniyude puthiya govarnoraayi duke dii aigvillan athukayum cheythu. addeham theerathe irupathu 'thalasthaanam' aayi vibhajichu, oronnilum oru battaliyanum mechappetta karaa ashayavinimaya paathakalum battaaliyanukalude pariseelanavum undaayirunnu.
loriyantinu chuttum prathirodhatthinte oru puthiya shringhala aarambhichu. 1761 muthal 1779 vare pooyint dii penn maaneyilum lokmikwalikkilum eee pradeshatthinte thekkupadinjaaran theeram samrakshikkunnathinaayi 1749-ll (1755-ll vipuleekarichathu) fort-blokkile battariyaaya loriyant ayudhapura samrakshikkunnathinaayi hoonn varkkukal nirmmichu. 1756ll nirmmicha fort duu loach padinjaaru bhagathaayi. ulnaadan pradeshangalilekkulla sameepanam rund lunetukal upayogichu kottakettiyirunnu, onnu 1755ll kerlinilum mattonn 1758ll leeii foudikkilum.
padinjaaru glenan dveepasamooham muthal kizhakk Île dumet vareyulla oru mekhalayil puthiya kottakal aarambhichu. 1756num 1758num idayil oru vrithaakrithiyilulla baattariyum baarakkukalum nirmikkappettu. kvibaron upadveepil 1760ll penthiyevaril praveshanam ozhike oru puthiya kotta poortthiyaayi. 1757num 1759num idayil hoovaathinteyum hodikkinteyum kottakal punarnirmmikkukayum 1755ll glenan dveepasamoohathil fort sigogne nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
saamskaarika phalangal.
hume voltair thammilulla tharkkam.
yudhathinushesham yudhathekkurichulla avarude vivaranangalecholli voltair hume thammil oru vivaadam udaleduthu. voltairinte 'histoyar dii laa gyoore dii mill septt sent kwaarant ettu yun' ennathinte oru pathipp (moshticha draafttukalil ninnaan ithu nirmmichathennum thante kayyezhuthuprathikalude "roopamillaathathum roopabhedam varuthaathathumaaya koombaaram" roopappettuvennum paranju addeham pinneedu pathippinte aadhikaarikathaye chodyam cheythu) 1755ll prasidheekarichathu 1746ll loriyantile britiish ooppareshane kaikaaryam cheiyunnathaayirunnu. athu britiish paraajayathinu utharavaadiyaaya sent clairine nirnnayikkukayum avasaanippikkunnathin munbu addehathinte ellah pravarthanangaleyum apalapikkaan apahasyamaaya vaakkukal upayogikkukayum cheythu
athu humail ethi, 1756 januvariyil addeham paryaveshanatthile mattoru muthirnna udyogasthanumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthi, sent clairinu kooduthal anukoolamaaya oru puthiya vivaranam ezhuthi. addehavumaayi aduppamulla palarum athu prasidheekarikkaan addehathe prerippikkukayum oru karadu ezhuthukayum cheythu. "1746ll brittani theerathu erangukayum athinte paraajayatthinte kaaranagal" ezhu varshathe yuddham pottippurappettathin thottupinnaale athe varsham poortthiyaayi. athil hume peru parayaathe voltairine aakramichu. 
neratthe, eprilil, prathimasa avalokanathil oru anjjaatha kathu prasidheekarichu-ithu pinneedu hume oppittu, niravadhi pandithanmaar addehathe kuttappedutthi. athinte oru franch vivarthanam 1756-ll "britanic" jenalil prasidheekarichenkilum athinu oru marupadiyum labhichilla.
marian aaradhanayum rashtreeya veendedukkalum.
1746 november 15nuu loriyantile taunn adhikaarikal koodikkaazhcha nadatthi, kanyaka meriyude edapedalaanu thangalude vijayathin kaaranamenn nigamanatthiletthi. angane october 7 nuu nagaratthile sent-luis edavaka palliyil oru vaarshika aaghosha kurbana nadatthaanum thudarnnu pattanatthiloode ghoshayaathra nadatthaanum theerumaanichu. 1747 februvari 23nuu vaanesile bishop eee theerumaanathinu amgeekaaram nalki. angane oru prathima nirmikkappettu, athil kanyakaye john oof aarkkinte maathrkayil oru yoddhaa vishudhayaayi kaanikkukayum, nagaratthinte kaikalil oru peedamaayi irikkukayum, avalude chenkolu upayogichu oru simhathe adikkaan britiish kaikal vaalilum parichayilum upayogichu-ithu franch viplavathil urukki, pathonpathaam noottaandil oru valia prathiroopam nirmikkappettu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathinum irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathinum idayil, eee aaradhana nagaratthinte raashtreeyathil oru pradhana punk vahikkukayum rund munnanikalil ethirkkappedukayum cheythu. ghoshayaathra nirodhikkunnathinekkur mayer adolph ell 'helgaurk charcha cheythappol sabayum bharanakoodavum thammilulla ethirppu nagaratthil prathyekichum sakthamaaya prathidhvanichu. angane aaa chadangu samsthaanathodulla ethirppinte prakadanamaayi maari. praadeshika pathrangalum aaa samayat protestant brittaninode ethirppu prakadippikkaan ithu upayogichu-october 7 catholica, automan kappalukal thammilulla 1571 leeii lepanto yudhathinte vaarshikam koodiyaayirunnu, ithu catholica prathipaksha partykal pathivayi upayogichirunnu. udaaharanathinu, 1898-ll "laa croix duu morbihan" ell 'helgaurkkinte bharanathe oru "engleesh munisippal kaunsil" aayi paraamarshichu. 1898leeii fashoda prathisandhiyilum randaam lokamahaayudhakaalathum mers-ell-kebeerinu nereyundaaya aakramanathinum loriyantile britiish bombaakramanathinum sesham britteeshukaare apalapikkaan ithu eee reethiyil upayogichirunnu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
phiin dii seekkil" kaalaghattatthil, franch purohithanaaya jeane-mathurin cadic reydinte vividha ghattangalekkurichu vivarikkunna oru kavita ezhuthi. 1931ll franch kavi luis leeii kaam vivaahanishchayathekkurich aarr varikal adangiya oru kavita ezhuthi. britiish aakramanakaarikale akramikkaan anuvadikkunnathinupakaram aathmahathya cheiyunna oru yuva franch sthreeyude saangalppika katha vivarikkunna reydinekkurichu ezhuthiya oru "chaansan"-nte asthithvavum leeii kaam record cheythu, brittaaniyude mudraavaakyathe paraamarshichu, "pluto laa mort kyu laa soiler" (ashudhiyekkaal vegathil maranam).

