
lorenzo daa ponde

oru veneeshyan, pinneedu amerikkakkaaranum, ooppara librattistum kaviyum, roman catholica purohithanumaayirunnu lorenzo daa ponde (; 10 march 1749-17 august 1838). mosartinte ettavum prashasthamaaya moonnu oopparakalaaya "dhii maryej oof figaro" (1786), "doonn jiovanni" (1787), "koosi phaan tutte" (1790) enniva ulppede 11 samgeethasamvidhaayakar 28 oopparakalkkaayi addeham libretti ezhuthi. columbia sarvakalaashaalayile itaaliyan saahithyathinte aadya professor maanuval garsiaykkoppam americaykku itaaliyan ooppara aadyamaayi parichayappedutthiya vyakthiyum addehamaayirunnu. mosartinteyum kasanovayudeyum adutha suhruthaayirunnu daa ponde.
aadyakaala currier.
1749ll republic oof venis (ippol italiyile vittoriyo venetto) leeii senedayilaanu lorenzo daa ponde janichathu. janichappol joothanaayirunnu, moonnu aanmakkalil moothayaalaayirunnu addeham. 1764-ll, addehathinte pithaav, annu vidhavayaayirunna jeronimo connegliano, oru catholica sthriye vivaham kazhikkunnathinayi thanneyum kudumbatheyum roman catholica mathathilekku parivartthanam cheythu. aachaaramanusarich, emenueval, snaapanametta seneda bishappil ninnu lorenzo daa ponde enna peru sweekarichu.
bishappin nandi, moonnu connegliano sahodaranmaar seneda seminariyil padichu. 1768ll bishop marikkukayum athinusesham lorenzo portogruvaaroyile seminariyilekku maarukayum avide 1770ll cheria oordarukal sweekarikkukayum saahitya professoraakukayum cheythu. 1773ll addeham oru purohithanaayi niyamithanaayi. eee kaalayalavil addeham itaaliyan, laattin bhashakalil "ditirambo sopra glee odori" enna veenjinulla oodu ulppede kavithakal ezhuthaan thudangi.
1773-ll daa ponde venesilekku thamasam maari, avide addeham laattin, itaaliyan, franch bhaashakalude adthyaapakanaayi upajeevanam nadatthi. addeham oru catholica purohithanaayirunnuvenki, cheruppakkaaran mosham jeevithamaan nayichathu. saan luca palliyile purohithanaayirikke addeham oru yajamanathiye kondupoyi, avarkk rund kuttikalundaayirunnu. 1777-ll addeham aadyamaayi giacomo kasanova kandumuttukayum 20 varshathilereyaayi adutha suhruthaayi maarukayum thante ormmakkurippukalil avatharippikkukayum cheyyum. iruvarum veneeshyan saahasikar, kindred spirittukal, sedusermar ennivaraayirunnu. 
1779-leeii daa pondeyude vichaaranaykkide, "pothu veppattiye", "manyayaaya oru sthriye thattikkondupoya" ennee kuttangal chumathappettappol, addeham oru veshyaalayathil thaamasikkukayum avide vinodangal samghadippikkukayum cheythathayi aaropikkapettu. addeham kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethukayum venesil ninnu pathinanju varshathekku naadukadatthappedukayum cheythu.
vienna landanum.
daa ponde annathe austriyayude bhagamaayirunna goreesiyayilekk (gors) thamasam maari, avide addeham oru ezhuthukaaranaayi thaamasikkukayum nagaratthile pramukha prabhukkanmarumaayum saamskaarika rakshaadhikaarikalumaayum svayam bandhappedukayum cheythu. 1781-ll saaksan kottaaratthile kaviyaya thante suhruthu kaattarino masola ninnu dresdonil oru poost ettedukkaan thanikk kshanam labhichathayi addeham (vyaajamaayi) vishwasichu, avide athiyappol maathram addeham nirutsaahappettu. ennirunnaalum, libretti vivarthanam cheiyunna thiyettaril jolie cheyyaan masola addehathinu vaagdaanam cheyyukayum ezhuthu vaidagdhyam vikasippikkaan sramikkanamennu shupaarsha cheyyukayum cheythu. samgeethasamvidhaayakanaaya antonio salieric addeham oru aamukhalekhanavum nalki. 1784-ll addeham thante suhruthu kasanova viyannayil veendum kandumuttukayum puthuthayi sambaadicha sambathu upayogichu addehathinu dhanasahayam nalkukayum addehathinte upadeshangal sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
saliyeriyude sahaayathode, daa ponde viyannayile itaaliyan theaterilekku librattist thasthikayilekku apekshikkukayum nedukayum cheythu. ivide addeham wolfgang amadius mosartinte gunabhokthavaaya banker raimond vettslar voonn plaankansternil oru rakshadhikaariyeyum kandethi. viyannayile rajasabha kaviyum grandhakaaranenna nilayilum addeham mosart, salieri, visent martin vaii solar ennivarumaayi sahakarichu. 
mosartinte ettavum janapriyamaaya itaaliyan oopparakalaaya "dhii myarej oof figaro" (1786), "doonn jiovanni" (1787), "koosi phaan tutte" (1790), solarinte "unaa kosa raara" ennivaykkaayum athupole thanne "perr laa rikkuperatta salute dii opheliya" (1785ll saliary, mosart, cornetti ennivar chernnu rachicha) enna kaantatta adisthaanamaakkiyulla vachakathinum vendi daa ponde libretti ezhuthi. daa pondeyude ellah kruthikalum munpu undaayirunna plottukalude parivarthanangalaayirunnu, akkaalathe librattistukalkkidayil saadhaaranamaayirunnu, solarinoppam "ell 'arbor dii diana", addeham saliyeriyil aarambhich ennaal mosartil poortthiyaakkiya "koosi phaan tutte" enniva ozhike. ennirunnaalum addehathinte vishadeekaranathinte gunanilavaaram avarkk puthiya jeevan nalki.
figaro" yude kaaryatthil, daa ponde librettoyude oru aamukham ulppeduthi, athu libretto rachanayile addehathinte saankethikathayeyum lakshyangaleyum soochippikkunnu, athupole thanne samgeethasamvidhaayakanumaayulla addehathinte adutha pravartthanavum
njaan [byoomaarcheysinte] oru vivarthanamalla, marichu oru anukaranamaanu, allengil namukk oru udharanikal parayaam. ... pathinaar yadhaartha kathaapaathrangale pathinonnayaayi kuraykkaan njaan nirbandhithanaayi, athil randennam orotta nadanu avatharippikkanum oru muzhuvan abhinayathinu purame niravadhi phalapradamaaya ramgangal ozhivaakkaanum kazhiyum. ... ennirunnaalum, samgeethasamvidhaayakanum njaanum hrasvamaayi paranjaal, ellah theekshnathayum karuthalum undaayirunnittum, ooppara ettavum hrasvamaaya onnayirikkilla. ... eee naadakatthinte vaividhyamaarnna vikasamaayirikkum nammude ozhikazhivu... unarthunna vyathyasthamaaya abhiniveshangal vishwasthathayodum poornna nirathodum koodi varaykkuka, oppam... oru puthiya tharam kazhcha nalkaan. ...
viyannayile thaamasakaalathu daa pondeyude oru vilasam maathrame ariyappedunnulloo 1788-ll addeham vienese aarch bishappinte udamasthathayilulla house hydenshus 316 (innu freeunginum hoffin edayilulla theruvu pradesham) ll thaamasichirunnu. avide addeham 200 gulden vaadakaykku moonnu murikalulla oru appaartment vaadakaykku eduthu.
1790ll austriyan chakravarthiyaaya joseph randaamante maranathode, daa ponteykku raajasabhayile naadaka kaviyenna nilayilulla thante rakshadhikaariyum sthaanavum nashtappettu. puthiya chakravarthiyaaya leopoldil ninnu pinthuna labhikkathathinaal 1791-ll addehathe chakravarty sevanathil ninnu audyogikamaayi pirichuvittu. eee samayat, addeham venesil ninnu naadukadatthappettu (1794 avasaanam vare), athinaal addeham mattevideyengilum pookumaayirunnu. tristeyil addeham oru engleesh rasathanthranjanaaya nancy graalinte ardha-jootha makalumaayi kandumutty (avane orikkalum vivaham kazhikkillengilum oduvil avarkk naalu kuttikalundu). 
1792 augustil, raajnji maari aantonettin avarude sahodaranaaya antharicha chakravarthiyaaya joseph randaaman maranathinu munbu daa ponde nalkiyirunna shupaarshayude oru kavumaayi addeham pragum dresden vazhi paareesilekk purappettu. paareesilekkulla vazhiyil, fraansile vashalaayikkondirikkunna rashtreeya sahacharyathekkurichum rajaavinteyum raajnjiyudeyum arasttinekkurichum arinja addeham pakaram thante koottaaliyaaya grahalin avarude rund kuttikalkkumoppam landanilekku pookaan theerumaanichu. 
eee samayat, oru kadam theerppaakkaan thante pazhaya suhruthine thirayunna addeham viyannayil vachu avasaanamaayi kandumuttiyengilum kasanovayude mosham sahacharyam kanda addeham kadam thirichedukkendennu theerumaanichu. ludwig vaan beethovante rakshaadhikaariyaaya kaundu waldsteente sekrattariyaayi sevanamanushtikkumbozhum dresdonilekkulla yaathrayil addeham addehathe anugamikkukayum paareesilekk pookaathe landanilekku pookaan upadeshikkukayum cheythu. 
venesile dogeyude kottaaratthile piombi jayilil kasanovayude arasttinekkurichulla thante ormmakkurippukalil daa ponde pinneedu abhiprayappettu.
englandil anishchithathvathil aarambhichathinusesham, palacharakk, itaaliyan adhyaapakan ulppede niravadhi jolikal cheytha addeham 1803-ll landanile kings thiyettaril librattistaayi. 1805-ll kadavum paapparathavum addehathe graal, avarude kuttikal ennivarumaayi amerikkayilekku palayanam cheyyaan prerippikkunnathuvare vividha naadaka, prasidheekarana pravartthanangal ettedukkunnathuvare addeham landanil thudarnnu.
american currier.
amerikkayil, daa ponde aadyam newyork nagaratthilum pinneedu pensylvaniayile sanbariyilum sthirathaamasamaakki, avide addeham oru palacharakk kada nadathukayum philadelphiyayile chila bisinesses pravarthanangalil vinodamundaakkumbol swakaarya itaaliyan paadangal nalkukayum cheythu. oru pusthakakkada thurakkaan addeham newyorkkilekku madangi. klement clark moorumaayi sauhrudam pularthiya addeham addehathiloode columbia kolejile itaaliyan saahithyathinte aadya professoraayi shambalamillaatha niyamanam nedi. 
faakkalttiyilekku niyamikkappedunna aadyathe roman catholica purohitan addehamaayirunnu, koodaathe oru joothanaayi valarnna aadyatheyaalum addehamaayirunnu. newyorkkil addeham ooppara avatharippikkukayum 1825-ll amerikkayil "doonn jiovanni" yude aadya poornna prakadanam nirmmikkukayum cheythu, athil maria garzia (taamasiyaathe malibrane vivaham kazhikkaan) serlina paadi. giochino rossini samgeethavum addeham yuu. esil avatharippichu.ezz., thante anantharaval giulia daa pondeyumothulla oru kacheri paryadanatthiloode.
1807-ll addeham thante "oormmakkurippukal" (1823-ll prasidheekarichathu) ezhuthaan thudangi, chaals rosen athine "thante vyakthithvatheyum swabhaavatheyum kurichulla oru utta paryaveshanamalla, marichu oru manoharamaaya saahasika katha" ennaanu visheshippichathu."1828-ll, 79-aamm vayassil, daa ponde oru swaabhaavika yuu aayi maari.ezz. pouran. 
1833-ll, enpathinaalaam vayassil, newyork nagaratthile leonardinteyum charchu streettukaludeyum vadakkupadinjaaran moolayil itaaliyan ooppara house enna peril amerikkayil aadyathe uddeshyathode nirmmicha ooppara thiyettar addeham sthaapichu, ithu nagaram ithuvare kandittulla eathoru thiyettarinekkaalum valare mikachathaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte bisinesses vaidagdhyathinte abhavam kaaranam, kambani pirichuvidunnathinum kambaniyude kadangal adaykkunnathinaayi thiyettar vilkkunnathinum munbu athu rund seasonukal maathrame neenduninnulloo. 1836ll ooppara house deseeya naadakavediyaayi maari. 1839ll kettidam katthi nashichenkilum vegathil punarnirmmikkukayum veendum thurakkukayum cheythu. 1841 meyy 29nuu ithu veendum theepidutthatthil nasippikkappettu. ennirunnaalum, newyork akkadami oof myoosikkinteyum newyork metropolittan oopparayudeyum mungamiyaayirunnu daa pondeyude ooppara house.
1838ll newyorkkil vachu daa ponde antharichu; newyorkkile pazhaya sent portalil oru valia shavasamskara chadangu nadannu. mulberry streettile patrick cathedral. phastt avanyoovinum avanyoovinum edayilulla 11-aamm theruvile oru catholica semitheriyilaan addehathe aadyam samskarichathennu rekhakal soochippikkunnu. aaa semiteri pinneedu tharavaakkukayum avide kuzhichitta aalukalude avashishtangal 1909-ll kalvari semitheriyilekku neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu. kaalvariyile addehathinte shavakudeerathinte krithyamaaya sthaanam anjjaathamaanengilum, kalvari semitheriyil oru smaarakamaayi oru kallu adayaalamundu. 
2009-ll spanish samvidaayakanaaya carlos zora thante itaaliyan chithramaaya "aiyo, doonn jiovanni" puratthirakki, ithu daa pondeyekkurichulla oru saangalppika vivaranamaan, ithu "doonn jiovanni" enna chithrathinaayi addehathinte jeevithathe addehathinte librettoyumaayi bandhippikkaan shramichu.
pondeyude libretti.
libretto-ezhuthu kalaykku daa ponde nalkia sambhaavanakalude swabhaavam valareyadhikam charcha cheyyappettittund. samgeethathinteyum samgeethajnjarudeyum puthiya grove nighanduvil", "mahathaaya abhiniveshangalude chithreekaranam addehathinte shakthiyayirunnilla", marichu avarude shakti puratthedukkaan addeham thante samgeethasamvidhaayakarumaayi prathyekichum aduthu pravarthichuvennu choondikkaanikkunnu, prathyekichu moorchayulla swabhaavam allengil rasakaramaaya allengil aakshepahasya bhagangal. 
mosart thante pithaav leopoldinu ezhuthiya kathil daa pondeye surakshitharaakkunnathil aashanka prakadippichirunnuvennu ennaal pattanatthile itaaliyan samgeethajnjarekkurichu aashankaakulanaayirunnu (udha.jii. salieri) avane thanikkayi nilanirthaan sramikkukayaayirunnu. oru "bafa" komadi ooppara srishtikkaan addeham prathyekamaayi aagrahichu, athil oru "seria" sthree bhagam ithil ulppedunnu; taruskin nirddeshikkunnathu "daa pondeyude prathyeka sammanam eee vertual smorgesboard oof idiyamukal oru vyakthamaaya naadakeeya roopathilekku kettichamachathaayirunnu."doonn jiovanni" enna chithrathinu (yadhaarthathil jiovanni bertatti ezhuthiyathum 1787 ll gazaniga samgeethathodoppam "doonn jiovanni tenorrheo" enna peril venesile avatharanavum) daa ponde punarnirmmicha reethi david kairns parishodhikkunnu. 
vaakkalulla vaaypakal kuravaanu" ennum daa ponde ellah ghattathilum "kooduthal budhiyullathum stailullathum kooduthal samkshipthavum kooduthal phalapradavumaanennum kairns choondikkaanikkunnu."koodaathe, daa pondeyude aakshan punasamghadana mosaarttinte sangeetha gadanakalkku mikacha avasarangal nalkunna karsanamaaya oru formet prapthamaakkunnu. veshammari (oru joothan/purohitan/sthree enna nilayil) daa pondeyude swantham jeevitam veshammari oru romaantik vairudhyam kondu oopparattik clitch ulavakkaan addehathe praapthanaakkiyathaayi david konve abhipraayappedunnu.
kudumbam.
nansi gralinu anchu kuttikalundaayirunnu
frances daa ponde naitt commander henry jaims aandezhsanine vivaham kazhichu. avarude makan, mejar. elbert elari aandezhsan (1833-1903), augusta chaunsiye vivaham kazhichu (bii. 1835), comodore isak chounsiyude kochumakal. mejar. sthaapaka pithaav vilyam elariyude kudumbatthil ninnullayalaayirunnu elari aandezhsan, addehathinte cussin elbert jefezhsan aandezhsan 1892 ll oru kodeeswaranaayirunnu. 
avarude makan peettar chaunsi aandezhsan elias hudson ogdanteyum maartha luis gudrichinteyum makalaaya merii yaale ogdanumaayi vivahithanaayi. avalude muthasshimaarum doow. ooren goodrich oliviya yalum, kenal bradam yelinte makalum yaale, ogden kudumbangalile amgangalumaanu.
paraamarshangal.
kurippukal
avalambangal
srothassukal
kooduthal vaayana.
1982 

