
maikkal fried

oru aadhunika kalaa niroopakanum kalaa charitrakaaranumaanu maikkal martin fried (jananam epril 12,1939, newyork nagaratthil). prinsettan sarvakalaashaalayilum harward sarvakalaashaalayilum padicha addeham ooksfoordile merttan collegil roads pandithanaayirunnu. avanaan jeey.aarr. amerikkayile merilaandile baltimorile johns hopkins sarvakalaashaalayile humanities aandu art histtari professor herbert boonn emeritus.
kalayude charitraparamaaya vyavahaarathin friedinte sambhavana aadhunikathayude uthbhavatheyum vikaasatheyum kurichulla charcha ulkkollunnu. friedinoppam, eee samvaadathinte idanilakkaaril mattu sidhaanthakaaranmaarum klement greenberg, tii. jeey. clark, rosalind cross. 1960kalude thudakkam muthal addeham thathwachinthakanaaya staanli kaavalumaayi aduppathilaayi.
1985ll american akkadami oof arts aandu sayansilekkum 2003ll american philosophical societyilekkum fried thiranjedukkappettu.
aadyakaala currier.
60 kalilum 70 kalilum thante kalaa vimarshanathinte samahaaramaaya "kalayum vasthunishtathayum lekhanangalum avalokanangalum" (1998) enna pusthakatthinte aamukhathil thante aadyakaala jeevithathekkurichu fried vivarikkunnu. prinsettanil engleesh bhashayil praaveenyam nediyengilum avideyaanu kalaa vimarsanam ezhuthaan addehathinu thaalparyam thonniyathu. prinsettanil aayirikkumbol addeham kalakaaranaaya frank stellayeyum addehathiloode walter darby bannardineyum kandumutty. 1958ll addeham thante rachanakalodulla abhimaanam prakadippichu klement greenberginu oru kathu ezhuthukayum aaa varsham vasanthakaalath addehathe aadyamaayi kaanukayum cheythu. 1958 septambaril addeham oxfordilekku, ruskin school oof droying aandu phine artilekkum thudarnnu landanilekku pooyi, avide landanile yooniversitti collegil (ucl) thathwachintha part time padichu, stuvartt hamshareinteyum richard volheyimudeyum keezhil. 1961ll hilton cramer "arts" enna jenalinte lunden correspondent sthaanam addehathinu vaagdaanam cheythu. 1961 avasaanathode, 1963 ll thante vaitt chaappal art gallery eksibishante aamukham ezhuthaan kshanicha shilpi aanthani kaaroyumayulla sauhrudam fried aarambhichu.
1962ll ooksfoordile faantasi pras prasidheekaricha ettu kavithakalude ("maruvashathu") oru hraswa samahaaram friedinte pakkalundaayirunnu, athu varaanirikkunna mattu kavithakalil aadyathethaanu. aaa varshathe venalkkaalathinte avasaanathil addeham yuu. esilekku madangi.avide addeham phdkaayi padichu.thudakkathil "art internaashanal" ennathinaayi harwardile art histtariyil art vimarsanavum harwards fogue art myoosiyathil "moonnu american chithrakaaranmaar kenneth noland, jools olitski, frank stella" ennivayude pradarshanavum nadatthi.
"kalayum vasthunishtathayum".
1967ll prasidheekaricha "art aandu objecthood" enna thante lekhanathil, aadhunikathayude udaaharanamaaya kalaasrishtiyude aapekshika gunangalekkaal kaazhchakkaarante anubhavathil minimalism shradha kendreekarikkunnathu oraalude lokathinte pothuvaaya anubhavathil ninnu kalaasrishtiye verthirichariyaan kazhiyaathathaakkunnuvennu fried vaadichu. minimalism (allengil varuthathayi vilikkunna "aksharaarthatthil") "varthamaanakaala" thinupakaram (thudarchayaaya puthukkal aavasyamulla oru avastha) "naadakeeyatha" allengil "saannidhyam" enna anubhavam vaagdaanam cheythu. fried vaagdaanam cheythathinekkaal vairudhyamulla prathibhasaparamaaya anubhavathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru prasthaanamenna nilayil minimalisathinu oru saidhaanthika adisthaanam sthaapikkunnathinulla vaathil eee lekhanam ashradhamaayi thurannu.
1967ll artforum edittar philipp liderinu ezhuthiya kathil (artforum prasidheekaricha) varaanirikkunna prasidheekaranathekkurichu charcha cheythukondu fried ezhuthi "eee shilpa-thiyettar lekhanathil oru vibhaagam undaayirikkuka enna ashayavumaayi njaan kalikkunnu, kelkkumbol bhraanthaan, azhimathi samvedanakshamatha ethratholam" mikachathaanu "ennathinekkurichulla oru vibhaagam."
"agiranam cheyyalum naadakeeyathayum".
kalayum vasthunishtathayum" ennathil fried minimalist kalayude "naadakakshamatha" yeei vimarshichu. 1980 ll addeham thante 'obsorption aandu theaterility painting aandu bolloader inn dhaa eaju oof dederot' enna pusthakatthil 'obsorption' enna ethir padam avatharippichu. diderottinte vimarshanathe adisthaanamaakki, kaazhchayude oru svayam bodham nilanilkkumbozhellaam, agiranam cheyyappedumbol vittuveezhcha cheyyappedumennum naadakeeyatha phalangal nalkumennum fried vaadikkunnu. pathinettaam noottaandile chitrakalayil eee prathyekatha prayogikkunnathinoppam, 1945 nuu sheshamulla american chitrakala shilpatheyum kurichulla kalaa vimarshanathil fried anubandha vibhagangal upayogikkunnu. thante kala-vimarsanaathmakavum kala-charitraparavumaaya rachanakale samyojippikkaanulla chila vimarshakarude shramathe fried nirasikkunnu.
photography munborikkalumillaathvim kalayayi pradhaanamaayirikkunnath enthukondu" (landanum nyoo heven 2008) enna sameepakaala photographyecurichlurich oru padanatthil fried eee aashankakalil chilath punaparisodhikkunnu. kazhinja 20 varshathe pramukha art photographermaarude (bernd, hila besher, jeff vaal, andreas gursky, thomas demant ennivaykkoppam) kruthikal vaayikkumbol, sameepakaala photographermar mathilinayi valia thothilulla jolikalilekkulla vazhithirivilekku nayikkunna vishayangalil theaterisamrakshanavum agiranam cheyyalum kendramaanennu fried avakaashappedunnu.".
thiranjeduttha grandhasoochika.
sameepa varshangalil, fried aadhunika kalayude niravadhi neendathum sankeernavumaaya charithrangal ezhuthiyittundu, ettavum prashasthamaayath edward maanett, gustaavu corbett, adolph menzel, pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil painting ennivayilaanu.
roadile adutha valavu", "sakthikal", "bhoomiyude madhyabhaagathekku", "promess duu bonhyoor" enniva ezhuthiya oru kavi koodiyaanu fried.

