
kevala shoonyavaadam

thathwachinthayil, sariyaaya bhaagangalulla vasthukkal illenna metaafisikkal theesis aanu kevala shoonyavaadam (compositional shoonyavaadam ennum ariyappedunnu). thulyamaayi, kevalamaya shoonyatha parayunnath, kevalam lalithamaayavayo sariyaaya bhaagangalillaatha vasthukkalo maathramaan nilanilkkunna bhauthika vasthukkal. pothuvaaya shoonyavaadam saadhaaranayaayi samyojitha vasthukkalude asthithvam illaathathinekkaal dhaarmika sathyangalum vasthunishtamaaya ardhavum polulla pothuvaaya metaafisikkal anumaanangalude asthithvamillaaymayil shradha kendreekarikkunnathinaal, kevalasidhaantha shoonyavaadam saadhaarana shoonyavaadathil ninnu vyathyasthamaan.
vishadeekaranam.
nammude dainamdina bodhavalkkarananubhavam soochippikkunnathu mattu cheria vasthukkal avayude sariyaaya bhagangalaayi ulla macrophysical vasthukkalaal chuttappettirikkunnu ennaanu. udaaharanathinu, mesha-kaalukal, paranna uparithalam, orupakshe nakhangalo bolttukaloo aaa kashanagal orumichu pidikkunnathupolulla mattu vividha vasthukkalaal nirmmithamaya meshakal polulla vasthukkal undennu thonnunnu. aaa pinneedulla vasthukkal, ippozhum cheria vasthukkalaal nirmmithamaanennu thonnunnu. angane. vaasthavathil, "oro" anumaanathmaka bhauthika vasthuvum, nammude perseptual faakkalttikalkk prathinideekarikkaan kazhivullava cheria bhagangalaal nirmmithamaanennu thonnunnu. 
samyuktha bhauthika vasthukkal illennu kevala shoonyavaadikal avakaashappedunnu. kevala shoonyatha anusarichu, vividha speshyal paattenukalil krameekarichirikkunna adisthaana bhauthika lalithangal maathrameyulloo. udaaharanathinu, neremarichu prathyakshappettenkilum yadhaarthathil pattikakalillennu kevalasidhaantha shoonyavaadikal avakaashappedunnu. nammudethupolulla perseptual kazhivukalkk samyukthamaayi table polulla perseptual anubavangal undaakkunna vidhathil praadeshikamaayi krameekarichathum kaaryakaaranamaayi parasparabandhithavumaya adisthaana bhauthika lalithangal maathrameyulloo. niraakaranavaadikal palappozhum ithupolulla avakaashavaadangale inipparayunna reethiyil churukkunnu adisthaana bhauthika lalithamaayava pattika thirichaayi krameekarichirikkunnu.
ithu oru pishak sidhaanthamaayi maarunnathayi thonnunnu. samyuktha vasthukkal illengil, samyojitha vasthukkalude nilanilpp amgeekarikkunna yaadhaarthyathekkurichu nammude saadhaarana dhaarana engane manassilakkaan kazhiyum? nammalellaavarum vanchikkappedukayaano? rachana oru krameekaranamaayi naam chinthikkanamennu tedu sider 2013 leeii oru lekhanathil vaadichu. sider parayunnathanusarichu, "oru meshayund" ennu parayumbol, verum lalithamaaya lalithamaaya pattika thirichaanu krameekarichirikkunnathu ennaanu nammal ardhamaakkunnathu.
charcha.
thathwachinthakanaaya achille varsi churukkatthil nirvachicha classical mathrolaji ennu vilikkappedunnathinte nishedhamaan kevalasidhaantha shoonyavaadam. 
(greak bhashayil ninnu 'bhagam' ennartham varunna 'myerolaji') parthood bandhangalude sidhaanthamaanu bhaagatthinte poornnathayumaayulla bandhavum bhaagatthinte poornnathayilulla bhaagatthinte poornnamaaya bandhavum. athinte verukal thathwachinthayude aadyakaalangalil ninnu kandethanakum, presocratic aattamistukalil ninnu aarambhich plaatto (prathyekichu "parmenides", "theettas"), aristottil (prathyekichu "metaphysics", ennaal "physics", "vishayangal", "dii partibus aanimal"), bothius (prathyekichu "siseronis topikkayil") ennivayude rachanakaliludaneelam thudarunnu.
vaarsiyude bhaagathil ninnu kaanaan kazhiyunnathupole, classical mathrolaji bhaagangale (kall) mothavumaayi bandhippikkunna metaafisikkal bandhangalundenna ashayathe aasrayichirikkunnu. bhaagikavum samboornnavumaaya atharam bandhangal nilavilillenn kevala shoonyavaadikal vaadikkunnu.
nammude indriyangal samyuktha bhauthika vasthukkalundennu (thettaaya) dhaarana nalkunnuvennu niraakaranavaadikal saadhaaranayaayi avakaashappedunnu, ennittum atharam vasthukkalekurichulla nammude chinthakalum samsaaravum mikka sambhaashana sandarbhangalilum nirupadravakaravum nyaayayukthavumaakkaan sathyathodu 'mathiyaya' aduppam enthukondaanennu vishadeekarikkaan shramikkunnu. samyuktha vasthukkalude nilanilppine kevalam lalithamaaya lalithamaaya krameekaranangalude nilanilppayi punarnirmmikkunna siderinte bhashaaparamaaya punaravalokanam ithinu oru udaaharanamaanu. eee thanthrathinethire talant (2013) vaadichu. inipparayunna chodyathinu utharam nalkaan mathrological shoonyavaadam prathijnjaabadhamaanennu talant vaadichu eppozhaanu oru koottam mathrological lalithangal oru prathyeka reethiyil krameekarikkunnath? pattika thirichulla krameekarichirikkunna tharatthil oru koottam lalithamaaya lalithangalkkidayil enthu bandhamaan nilanirthendathu? oru koottam vasthukkal eppol mattoru vasthu rachikkunnuvennu niraakaranavaadikalkku nirnnayikkaan kazhiyumennu thonnunnu avare sambandhichidatholam, orikkalum. ennaal niraakaranavaadi, siderinte kazhchappadil prathijnjaabadhanaanenkil, kevalam lalithamaaya lalithamaaya karyangal prathyeka reethikalil engane krameekarikkaamenn utharam nalkaan prathijnjaabadhanaanu.
ethirppukal.
shoonyavaadathinethire uyarthaavunna ethirppu, naam saadhaaranayaayi nilanilkkunnuvennu karuthunnathinekkaal valare kurachu vasthukkalude nilanilpp athu soochippikkunnuvennu thonnunnu ennathaanu. shoonyavaadiyude sathashaasthram valare viralamaanennu vimarshikkappettittundu, kaaranam athil kevalam lalithamaaya lalithangal maathrame ulppedunnulloo, koodaathe meshakal, grahangal, mrugangal enniva polulla samyojitha vasthukkalude nilanilpp naam avabodhapoorvvam nishedhikkunnu. samakaalika bhauthikashaasthrathinte pashchaathalatthil rachana parishodhikkumbol shoonyavaadikal abhimukeekarikkunna mattoru velluvili uyarnnuvarunnu. kwaandam physixile kandethalukal anusarichu, vyathyastha bhauthika sandarbhangalil onniladhikam tharam vighadanangalundu. udaaharanathinu, prakaashathinu orotta vighadanamilla; sandarbhathe aashrayich prakasham kanikakalaal allengil tharamgangalaal nirmmithamaanennu parayaam. eee anubhavaparamaya veekshanam shoonyathaykk oru prashnam srishtikkunnu, kaaranam ellah bhauthika vasthukkalum kevalam lalithamaaya lalithamaaya vasthukkalaayi vighadikkunnathaayi thonnunnilla. koodaathe, chila thathwachinthakar yaadhaarthyathinte oru "thaazhathe nila" illaayirikkaamennu anumaanichittundu. aattangale ettavum adisthaana bhauthika vasthukkalaayi manassilaakkiyirunnuve pinneedu avaa upa aattomik kanangalum kwaarkkukalum chernnathaanennu kandethi. appol nilavile bhauthikashaasthrathile ettavum adisthaana gadakangal yadhaarthathil avayude adisthaana roopamaayi kanakkakkunnathinekkaal kooduthal vighadippikkaanum avayude bhagangal kooduthal vighadippikkaanum kazhiyum. eee kaaryatthil dravyam ananthamaayi vighadippikkaavunnathaanil, kevalamaya lalithamaayava oru samboornna asthithvamaayi nilanilkunnilla. ithu kevalam lalithamaaya lalithangal maathrame nilanilkkunnulloo enna vishwaasamanusarichu kevalam shoonyavaadathinullile oru prarambha anumaanavumaayi vairudhyam srishtikkunnu.
bhaagikamaayi ethiraayi. shudhamaaya shoonyavaadam.
peettar ungar, sian doorr, rooss cameron ennivar shudhamaaya kevalasidhaantha shoonyavaadathodu chernnulla onnine anukoolikkunna thathwachinthakaril ulppedunnu. oru prathyeka tharatthilulla vasthukkalkk maathram bhaagangalundenna nilapaadil bhagika shoonyavaadam allengil ardha-shoonyavaadam ennu vilikkappedunnathinu vendi vaadikkunna chila thathwachinthakarundu. atharathilulla oru sthaanam jaivavaadamaanu jeevajalangal nilanilkkunnundenkil bhaagangalulla mattu vasthukkal illenna kaazhchappaad, koodaathe samyukthamaanennu naam vishwasikkunna matellaa vasthukkalum-kaserakal, grahangal muthalaayava.athinaal avaa nilavililla. pakaram, samyukthangalaaya (bhaagangalulla vasthukkal) jeevajaalangalkk purame, yadhaartha attangal allengil adisthaana nirmmaana blokkukal maathrameyulloo (avaa lalithamennu vilikkunnu). trentan merrics, peettar vaan invagon enniva jaivashaasthranja thathwachinthakaril ulppedunnu.
vaan invaagante kazhcha.
jaivajeevitam ozhikeyulla ellah bhauthika vasthukkalum kevalam lalithamaanennu peettar vaan invagon vaadikkunnu, athaayath samyojitha vasthukkal maathramaan jeevikal. vaan invaagante kaazhchappaad ingane roopappeduthaam "anivaryamaayum, overlapping allatha eathenkilum xs-nuu, xs kondu nirmmithamaya oru vasthu undu, onnukil (i) xs-nte pravartthanangal oru life roopappeduthunnu allengil (ii) xs-ll onnu maathrameyulloo."mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, oru jeevante alavil oru prathyekavum sankeernavumaaya pravartthanatthil earppedumbol kevala attangal oru samyuktha vasthu roopappeduthunnuvennu vaan invagon vaadikkunnu. 
prathyeka rachana chodyathinulla vaan invaagante pariharam valare aakarshakamaaya oru kaaranam bodhapoorvamaaya oru vishayathe oru samyojitha vasthuvayi kanakkakkaan ithu namme anuvadikkunnu ennathaanu. orotta bodhatthinte vishayam enganeyo pala vyathirikthamaya kevala aattangalude uthppannamaanennu shoonyavaadikal nilanirthendathundu. shoonyavaadathinethiraaya vaan invaagante vaadathe ingane visheshippikkaam
marangal, poochakal, manushyar ennivayude nilanilpp anuvadikkunnathinupurame, vaan invaagante kaazhchappaad aakarshakamaan, kaaranam theesiyasinte kappal palarudeyum prashnavum polulla kevalashaasthrathile parambaraagatha prasnangalkkulla niraakaranatthinte gambheeramaaya pariharangal athu paarambaryamaayi nedunnu. 
vaan invaagante kaazchappaadinethire nalkaan kazhiyunna oru ethirppu jeevithathinte vibhaagathinte avyakthathayum jeevithathil enthengilum "pidikkappedumbol" enna avyakthathayumaan. udaaharanathinu, oru poocha shwaasam eduthu kaarban aattam shwasikkukayaanengil, eathu ghattathilaanu aattam poochayude shareerathil audyogikamaayi samyojippikkappedunnathu vyakthamalla.