
maargarat, tyrolinte kaundes

maargarat moultash" (1318-3 october 1369) ennu vilipperulla maargarat, gorisiyayude veettil ninnulla ("mainhardiner") tyrolinte avasana kaundessum kaarinthiyayile dachiyude parajayappetta avakaashavaadiyumaayirunnu. avalude maranashesham, tyrol habsburg raajavamshathinte austriyan paarambarya bhoomikalumaayi ikyappettu.
jeevacharitram.
thaazhekku.
carneolayude bhooprakrithiyum, tyrolinte kaundum, bohemiyayude muun rajaavumaaya kaarinthiyayile duke henriyude eaka makalaayirunnu maargarat, addehathinte randaamathe bhaarya adalide, brunswickile welf duke henry onnaamante makalumaayirunnu. avalude pithaavinte moonnu vivahangalil purusha anantharaavakaashikalonnum illaathirunnathinaal, 1330-ll whittelsback chakravarthiyaaya luis naalamanumaayi addeham oru karaarilethi, athu maargarattine thante kaarinthyan, tyrolean estettukalil pingamiyaakaan praapthamakki, athesamayam carneola habsburgukalkku kaimar.
malsaraarthikalaaya habsburg, whittelsback, luxemburg rajavamshangal enniva thammilulla pooraattatthil, 1322 leeii muldorf yudhathil thante habsburg ethiraaliyaaya fredericine paraajayappeduthi luis chakravarty thante sthaanam urappichu-ithu thante muun luxemburg sakhyakakshiyaya bohemiayile rajaavaaya joonn jonine swantham adhikara adithara vardhippikkaanulla saadhyathakal paryavekshanam cheyyaan prerippichu. 1310-ll bohemian simhasanathinaayulla pooraattatthil paraajayappedutthiya thante muun bhaaryasahodaranaaya henry addeham sameepikkukayum bhaavi chakravarty chaals naalaamante sahodaranaaya ilaya makan joonn henriyude vivaahanischayam 1327-ll henriyude anantharaavakaashiyaaya maargarattumaayi krameekarikkukayum cheythu.
joonn henry tyrolilekku ayaykkukayum 1330-ll luis chakravartthiyude amgeekaarathode adhehavum maargarattum yathaakramam ettaam vayasilum panthrandaam vayasilum insbruckil avarude vivaham aaghoshikkukayum cheythu. samakaalika srothassukal anusarichu, kuttikalkk thudakkam muthal parasparam ishtamallaayirunnu.
bharanam.
vivaahathode, joonn rajaavu italiyilekkulla alpine parvatha churangalilekku praveshanam urappakki, ithu maargarattinte pithavumaayi thaan nadatthiya krameekaranangal lamghikkaan whittelsback chakravarty prerippichu. 1335-ll kaarinthyayile henry marichappol, germmaniyile albert onnaaman rajaavinteyum maargarattinte pithrusahodariyaaya gorisia-tyrolile elisabath rajaavinteyum mootha makanayi anantharaavakaasha avakaashavaadangal unnayicha austriyayile habsburg duke albert randaamanu luis karinthiya nalki. tyrol, vitalsbaakkukal thanne ettedukkukayum angane maargarattineyum avalude bohemian (luxemburg) bharthaavineyum poornnamaayum adichamarthukayum cheyyum. ennirunnaalum, bavarian whittelsback rajavamsham tyrolean bhoomi avakaashappettappol, athiraalikalaaya laksambargukalumaayulla bandham avar samarthamaayi kalichu. aval bharthaavinte kazhivulla sahodaran chaalsine ayachu, avar praadeshika prabhukkanmaarude pinthunayode, maargarattinte pinthudarchayenkilum tyrolinte kaundas aayi nirbandhichu.
ennirunnaalum, yuva joonn henry ahankaariyum kazhivillaatha sahabharanam nadathunnavanum svechaadhipathikal apamaanikkunna kallappanakkaranumaayi maariyappol sthithi veendum vashalayi. addehathinte sahodaran chaals thaalkkaalikamaayi oru reejantaayi pravarthichu; ennirunnaalum, addehathinte madhyastha sramangal nirasikkappedukayum 1336/37 ll addeham oru prussian kurishuyudhathil pithavinoppam cheraan tyrol vidukayum cheythu. 1341 november 1 nuu vaikunneram joonn henry vettayaadi veettilekku madangiyethiyappol, maargarat avarude bharthaavine avarude tirol kottayile vasathiyil praveshippikkaan visammathichu. roshakulanaaya joonn henry raajyathudaneelam sanjarichuvenkilum oru kuleena vasathiyilum abhayam kandethiyilla. oduvil addeham tyrolean bhoomi vidaan nirbandhithanaakukayum sent akvilia pathriarchese bertram addehathe abhayaarthiyaayi sweekarikkukayum cheythu. uthbhavam.
maargarat veendum athiraalikalaaya raajavamshangale parasparam ethirkkukayum vittalsbaakkinte veettilekku thirinj nashtappetta luxembergukalude prathikaaratthil ninnu rakshappedukayum cheythu luis naalaaman chakravartthiyude saannidhyathil, 1342 februvari 10 nuu merran nagaratthil vachu brandenbergile addehathinte mootha makan margrave luis onnaamane avar vivaham kazhichu. joonn henriyil ninnu vivaahamochanam anuvadikkaathe avar vivaahathil praveshichu enna vastutha europian vediyil oru yadhaartha apavaadathinu kaaranamavukayum dambathikale klement VI marpappa puratthaakkukayum cheythu. margrave luis tyrolean prabhukkanmaarude pinthuna nedunnathil vijayikkukayum joonn henriyumaayulla maargarattinte vivaham asaadhuvaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu. joonn henry orikkalum thante vivaham poortthiyaakkiyittilne avakaashappett, madhyakaalakhattatthile eee "aadya sivil vivaahathe" ookkaamile vilyamum paaduvayile marcelius pandithanmaar prathirodhichu.
1346ll luis chakravartthiyethire jarmman virudha rajaavaayi thiranjedukkappetta maargarattinte muun bhaaryaasahodaran chaals naalaaman adutha varsham tyrolil pracharanam nadathukayum tyrol kotta uparodhikkukayum cheythu; ennirunnaalum, prathikaaramaayi bosan, merran nagarangal kathikkaathe addehathinu vijayamillathe pinvaangendivannu. octoberil chakravartthiyude maranashesham, chaalsinu luxemburg bharanam ekeekarikkaan kazhiyukayum sathruthayulla manobhaavam upekshikkukayum cheythu. 1349-ll promislid duke nicolas randaamante makalaaya opaavayile maargarattumaayi joonn henry punarvivaham cheiyunnathinulla maarppaappayude karar nedunnathinaayi canon niyamamanusarichu maargarattumaayulla thante sahodarante vivaham addeham upekshikkukayum cheythu.
austriyan duke albert randaamante ilaya makalaaya habsburghile maargarattumaayi luis, mainhard III, thante makane vivaham kazhichathode kaundes oru puthiya sakhyam roopeekarichu. habsburgukalude sahaayathode, kaundasineyum avalude randaamathe bharthaavineyum oduvil 1359-ll niraparadhiyaaya araman marpappa purathaakki.
viramikkal.
1361-ll bharthaav looyisinte pettennulla maranashesham, avalude makan mainhard moonnaaman upper bavariayudeyum kaundu oof tyrolinteyum prabhuvayi pithaavinte pingamiyaayi. ennirunnaalum, rund varshathinullil anantharaavakaashikalillaathe, irupathiyonnu vayass kazhinju oru maasathil thaazhe maathram akale vachu mainhard marichu. addehathinte maranam addehathinte whittelsback ammavan bavaria-landshattile duke steefan randaamante aakramanathinu kaaranamaayi. bernabo viscontiyumaayi sakhyamundaakkiya steefan, mainhardinte mukalile bavarian bhoomikalumaayi veendum landshut samyojippikkukayum tyrol avakaashappedukayum cheythu. veendum thante paarambaryama nashtappedumenna bheeshani neritta maargarat oduvil tyrol kaundi antharicha makante bhaaryasahodaranaaya austriyayile habsburg duke (svayam prakhyapitha "archduke") rudolph naalaaman kaimaran prerippikkappettu, avar oduvil athine austriyan aadhipathyavumaayi samyojippichu. 1369ll rudolfinte sahodaran pingaamiyumaaya austriyayile duke albert moonnaman bavaariyayile duke steefan randaman thammilulla samadhana udambadiyiloodeyaanu tyrolinekkurichulla samgharsham pariharikkappettath, maargarattinte maranashesham ithinu saambathika nashtapariharam aavashyamaayirunnu.
1369ll viyannayil pravaasatthil vachu maargarat marikkukayum minorittenkircheyil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.
maargarattinte fudal anantharaavakaashiyaayirikkume, avarude mootha bandhuvinte makan sisili dveepinte bharanadhikaariyumaaya frederic moonnaaman, gorrisia-tyrol raajavamshathile avasana bharanadhikaariyaaya kaarinthiyayile ottoo moonnaamante eaka pingami. addehathinte vamshathinushesham, pinthudarchaavakaasham 1401ll foyiksinte kaundas aaya aragonile jovanaykkum 1407ll naplesinte raajnjiyaaya aragonile yolandinum (aragonile rajaavaaya joonn onnaamante rund penmakkalum) pookumaayirunnu. 1740ll maathramaan loraine prabhuvaya francis moonnaamante bhaarya maria thereza tyrolil vijayichappol aaa vamshavali tyrolinte yadhaartha udamakalumaayi othucherunnathu.
vilipperukal.
vivaahamochanatheyum punarvivaahatheyum kurichulla kadutha tharkkathil, maargarattin "moltassh" (aksharaarthatthil "bagg mouthu", cf. samakaalika sabhaa prachaaranatthil "veshya" allengil "dushta sthree" ennartham varunna moulthaashe). saaksan waled chronicle" enna kruthiyude thudarchayaaya "saxische veltronic" (saaksan waled chronicle) ennathil ninnaan eee peru aadyamaayi rekhappeduthiyittullathu; florence chronicler philippo villani avare "medusa" ennum vilichirunnu, koodaathe "creamhield", "medusa", "mouthu pokku", "pokkatt-mouthu", "saachal-mouthu", "bigg mouthu", "mouthu bagg", "pokkatt-mouthu", "" tyrolinte chennaaya "," vrithiketta dutches "," bagg mouthu "ennivayulppede vividha vilipperukaliloode avar kooduthal ariyappedunnu".
samakalikanaaya vintartharile charitrakaaranaaya joonn avare asaadhaaranamaaya sundariyennu visheshippichu; ennirunnaalum, samakaalika chhaayaachithrangalude abhaavathil, "moltassh" enna vilipperu vaikalyamulla savisheshathakalulla oru sthreeyekkurichulla vyapakamaaya aashayathilekku nayichu. 1513-ll kventin maattsiyude "vrithiketta dutches" enna chhaayaachitram (leonardo daa vinsi oru sanguinin sesham nirmmichathaanennu karuthappettirunnuvenkum randaamathethu maattsisinte pakarppayirikkaam) maargarattine soochippichekkaam, koodaathe ithu luis karolinte "alysse advenchezhs inn wunderland" enna chithrangalil "dutches" ennathinulla sarr joonn tenniyalinte maathrkayaayirunnu. 1816-ll jacob grim thante 'jarmman sagas' enna pusthakatthil 'legends oof maargarat' shekharikkukayum 1923-leeii 'dhaa agli dutches' enna novalil layan futchwanger avarude katha upayogikkukayum cheythu. maargarat kaarinthyan hocostervits kotta athinte samarthamaaya kaaval sena paraajayappettathinekkurithu katha manasshaasthranjanaaya pooll whatslavic janapriyamakki.

