
chaarakkappal

saadhaaranayaayi athyaadhunika electronic kelvi vazhiyulla rahasyaanveshana vivarangal shekharikkaan uddeshichulla oru samarppita kappalaan chaarakkappal allengil rahasyaanveshana kappal. vishalamaaya ardhathil, vivarangal shekharikkaan uddeshikkunna eathoru kappalineyum oru chaarakkappalayi kanakkakkaam.
uyarnna chelavum noothana upakaranangalum aavasyamullathinaal chaarakkappalukal saadhaaranayaayi oru raajyathinte sarkkaaraan niyanthrikkunnath. rahasya sevanangal vazhiyum pravarthippikkaamenkilum avaa raajyathinte naavikasenayude bhagamaanu.
oru prathyeka pradeshathu deerghakaalam nilanilkkumennu nyayamaayum pratheekshikkavunna fishing trollerukal polulla sivilian kappalukalayi naavika trollerukal veshamidunnu.
chaaranmarilekko prathyeka senayilekko nuzhanjukayaraan upayogikkunna kappalukale chilappol "chaarakkappalukal" ennum vilikkunnu.
charithram.
1920kalilum 1930kalilum charakkukalumaayum yaathrakkaarumaayum jappan, chaina, phillippines ennividangalilekku pathivayi yaatra cheytha american sivilian charakk kappalaan chaarakkappal ennariyappedunnathinte aadyakaala pathipp. 1933 ll oru steshan kappalayi aarambhicha avarkk aantharika japanese fleet freekwansikalum direction finder asimuthukalum nireekshikkaan chumatala nalki. avarkk moonnu intersept oopparettarmaarum oru cheef radioman undaayirunnu, oru udyogasthan melnottam vahichu. "1941 desember 7 nuu muthukadalthaavalathinu nereyundaaya japanese aakramanathinu munbu "gold staar", graundu steshanukal enniva ganyamaaya rahasyaanveshana vivarangal nalkiyirunnu.
prathyekamaayi nirmmichathum rahasyaanveshana jolikalkkaayi poornnamaayum samarppichathumaya aadhunika ardhathil chaarakkappalukal sheethayudhathinte thudakkathil nilavil vannu, avaa ellah pradhana shakthikalum upayogikkunnu. avayude upayogangal, aashayavinimayangalekkurich kelkkunnathinum shatru kappal neekkangalekkurichu chaarappani cheiyunnathinum purame, aanava pareekshanangalum misail vikshepanangalum (prathyekichu aii. sii. bii. emm.-kall) nireekshikkuka ennathaayirunnu.
sheethayudha chaarakkappal kappalukalude ettavum pradhanappetta pravarthanangalilonnu, prathyekichu 1960 kalil, antarvaahini "signecharukal" shekharikkuka ennathaayirunnu, shabdathinte paattenukal palappozhum prathyeka tharam antarvaahini thirichariyaan kazhiyukayum athinaal antarvaahini virudha yudhathil moolyavathaayavayumaayirunnu. aaa kaalaghattatthil, america 80 oolam kappalukal nirtthi, saadhaaranayaayi "paristhithi gaveshana" kraaft ennu tharamthirickunnu, athesamayam soviyatt yooniyanil 60 oolam kappalukal undaayirunnu, palappozhum traalarukalo hydrographic gaveshana kappalukaloo parivartthanam cheythu.
1980kalude avasaanathil soviyatt fisheries kappalppada avarude aayirakkanakkin kappalukalil palathilum athyaadhunikamaaya sijint, elint upakaranangal sajjeekarichirunnathil prashasthamaayirunnu, angane paashchaathya naavika kappalukaleyum electronic ashayavinimayangaleyum nireekshikkunna sahaaya chaarakkappalukalayi pravartthikkunnu (avarude pradhana pravartthanam vaanijya mathsyabandhanamaayirunnu).
ooppareshan.
oru chaarakkappal saadhaaranayaayi anthaaraashtra jalathil (allengil kuranjathu praadeshika jalathinu puratthengilum) thaamasikkunnu, angane athirthikal lamghikkaathirikkaam. avide ninnu, kadal, vyoma gathagatham, radio, radar aavruthikal enniva nireekshikkaan athinte electronic upakaranangal upayogikkukayum coded radio allengil phoon ashayavinimayangal thadassappeduthaanum decrypt cheyyaanum sramikkukayum cheyyum. radio reseaverukal allengil nishkriya sonar polulla nishkriya maargangaliloodeyaanu ithu kooduthalum cheiyunnathu. ennirunnaalum, chilappol, vimanam, misailukal, kappalukal allengil mattu vahanangal allengil sainikarude chalanam kandethaan radar allengil sonar polulla sajeeva nadapadikal upayogikkaam. ennirunnaalum, ithu kappalinte uddeshyam velippeduthaan saadhyathayund.
oru nischitha instaaleshanekkaal (theerapradeshathinu sameepam) sarway cheytha pradeshathodu valare aduthaayathinaal, nireekshanam saadhaaranayaayi valare kaaryakshamavum chila kaaryangalil chaara upagrahangalekkaal mikachathumaanu.
tracking kappalukalkk chaarakkappalukalude chila kazhivukalundu, avaa avarude deseeya sarkkarukal niyanthrikkunnathinaal, avaa shathrukkalude misail pareekshanangal tracucheyyunnathu polulla samanamaaya aavasyangalkkum idaykkide upayogikkunnu.
soviyatt eji trollerukal.
1960ll american naavikasena baalistik misail antharvaahinikal vinyasikkaan thudangiyappol, ugm-27 polaris misailinte sheshiyekkurichum avaa vikshepikkaan kazhivulla antharvaahinikalude sthaanangalekkurichum kooduthal vivarangal nedaan soviyatt union shramichu. soviyatt naavikasena kooduthal sankeernamaaya kappalukal abhyarthichappol, kooduthal sankeernamaaya censorukalum ashayavinimaya upakaranangalum sajjeekarichirikkunna malsyabandhana kappalukalil ninnu avaykku trollerukal ("tra-yuu-lerry" ennu vilikkunnu) anuvadichu. sradheyamallaatha roopathilulla eee trollerukalkku valare kazhivulla kroovukale niyogichu. american aikyanaadukalile yudhakkappalukaludeyum sahaayikaludeyum varavum purappadum photoyedukkunnathinum report cheiyunnathinum american aikyanaadukalile naavika thaavalangalil ninnulla patrolling steshanukalilekku avare niyogichu. samanamaaya roopathilulla mattu trollerukal aadhunika aayudhangalude pariseelana vedivayppukal nireekshikkunnathinum sonaarinte shabdavum koodaathe/allengil vaidyuthakaanthika oppum, serch radar, fayar-kantrol radar, maargganirddesham, koodaathe/allengil oro aayudha samvidaanathinteyum command electronics enniva rekhappeduthunnathinum yunaittad stetts naavikasena upayogikkunna aayudha vedivayppu renchukalil patrolling nadathumaayirunnu. yunaittad stetts naavikasena eee trollerukale ooksilari, general intelligence allengil eji ennu audyogikamaayi naamanirddesham cheythu, avaa anoupachaarikamaayi "taattiltalukal" ennariyappettirunnu.
oru aggikk aarr maasam vare orotta patrolling steshanil niyamikkaam. mikka yudhakkappalukalumaayum poruthappedaan eee kappalukalkk vegatha undaayirunnillengilum chilappol medittareniyan mekhalayile amerikkayude aaraamathe kappalpadayudeyo padinjaaran pasaphik samudrathile amerikkayude ezhaamathe kappalpadayudeyo allengil baalistik misail antharvaahinikalude patrolling pradeshangaludeyo vyoma pravartthanangal nadathunna vimaanavaahinikkappalukalkal chuttum avaa othukoodiyirunnu. cuban misail prathisandhikkusesham, joyint cheefs oof staaf american distroyarukalkku oru "kaundar eji prograam" amgeekarichu, avarkkethire thallaanum steel valakal upayogichu avarude scrookal faul cheyyaanum uyarnna power vaidyuthakaanthika traansmittarukal focus cheyyaanum avarude electronic censorukalude amplifying surcuted kathikkaanum. distroyarukalude uddeshyangalil ninnu rakshappedaan mikacha thanthrangal upayogichu thangalude kappal kaikaaryam cheyyaanulla kazhivukal eji cruze velippeduthi. yuu. eiii. oo oppidunnathuvare anthaaraashtra jalamekhalayile eee poraattam thudarnnu.ezz.1972leeii kadal karaarile soviyatt sambhavangal.
1972ll yuu.ezz. oppam yuu.keey. pankaalikal radar steshan cobra mistt pravarthippikkaan thudangi, ithu niravadhi soviyatt chaara trollerukalil ninnu shradha nedi. oru varshathinusesham, edapedal kaaranam radar steshan adachupootti. edapedalinte uravidam orikkalum sthireekarikkappettil, chila sidhaanthangal ippozhum soviyatt prathirodha nadapadikalkku utharavaadikalaanu.