
ioninayile alii pasha

tapedelenli alii pasha allengil tepelenayude alii pasha (; 1740-24 januvari 1822), saadhaaranayaayi ioninayile alii pasha ennariyappedunna, padinjaaran rumeliayude valiyoru bhagamaaya yaaninayile pashaalikkinte automan paashayayi sevanamanushticha oru albanian bharanaadhikaariyaayirunnu, addehathinte bharanathin keezhil uyarnna svayambharanaavakaasham nedukayum "yadhaarthathil" swathanthramaayi thudaraan polum kazhinju. tepeleenaykkoppam aliyude aasthaanamaayirunna ionina aayirunnu pashaalikkinte thalasthaanam. thante pradesham kooduthal kooduthal swathanthramaayi kanakkakkikkondu, alii paashayude kathidapaadukalum videsha paashchaathya kathidapaadukalum palappozhum aliyude niyanthranatthilulla pradeshangale "albania" ennu vilikkunnu, athil aliyude nirvachanamanusarichu madhya, thekkan albania, epirus jillayude bhooribhaagavum, tesali, macedonia ennivayude padinjaaran bhaagangalum ulppedunnu. yanina, delvina, vlora, beraatt, elbassen, ohrid, monastir, gorais, tirhala ennividangalile sanjakkukalude mail thante niyanthranam vyaapippikkaan addehathinu kazhinju. 1787ll aliykk tirhalayude sanjak nalkukayum 1788ll addeham thante randaamathe janicha veli paashaykk athinte sarkkaarine niyogikkukayum cheythu, addeham 1807ll moraayile paashayayi maari. aliyude mootha makan muhtar paashaykk 1792ll carley-eliyude sanjak egribosinte sanjak nalki, aadyamaayi aliyude niyanthranam livadia vareyum corinth ulkkadal vareyum vyaapichu. muhtar paasha 1810ll ohridile sanjakkinteyum vlorayileyum beratthileyum sanjakkinteyum govarnoraayi.
albaniayileyum epirusileyum ottoman stettu udyogastharumaayi niravadhi ettumuttalukalil earppetta oru koottam albanian brigaindukalude nethaavaayaanu alii aadyamaayi charitra vivaranagalil prathyakshappedunnathu. 1788ll ioninayile sanjaakkinte bharanadhikaariyaayi pashaye niyamikkunnathuvare vividha sthaanangal vahichukondu addeham automan saamraajyathinte bharana-sainika samvidaanathil chernnu. addehathinte nayathanthraparavum bharanaparavumaya kazhivukal, aadhunika aashayangalodum aashayangalodum ulla thaalparyam, janapriyamaaya muslim bhakti, mattu mathangalodulla bahumanam, kollaye adichamarthal, kramasamadhananila adichelppikkunnathil prathikaaravum kaadinyavum, varumanam vardhippikkunnathinaayi vyakthikalodum samoohangalodum addeham nadatthiya kollayadi reethikal enniva addehathinte samakaalikarude prashamsaykkum vimarsanathinum kaaranamaayi, athupole thanne addehathinte vyakthithvathekkurichu charithrakaaranmaarkkidayil thudarchayaaya vivaadangalum undaayi. addehathinte swaadheenam vardhichathode, automan raashtreeyathile addehathinte pankaalittham vardhikkukayum nadannukondirikkunna automan sainika parishkaarangalodulla addehathinte sajeeva ethirppil kalashikkukayum cheythu. 1820ll vimathanaayi prakhyapikkappetta sesham, thante sainyathinethiraya vijayakaramaya sainika neekkathinu sesham 1822ll 81-82-aamm vayassil addeham pidikkappedukayum kollappedukayum cheythu. paashchaathya saahithyathil, alii paasha oru "ooriyantal despot" enna kathaapaathramaayi maari.
peru.
alii pashaye tepelena, ionina/janina/yanina allengil yaaninayude simham ennu palavidhatthil paraamarsikkappettu. addehathinte janmanamam, addehathe allengil ennum mattu praadeshika bhashakalil; allengil (ioninayude alii pasha); () ennum paraamarsikkappettu.
poorvvikanum aadyakaala jeevithavum.
alii paasha janichathu albanian mekohisaj vamshathilaan; avar islam sweekaricha kristhyan albeniyakkaaraayirunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu sambhavicha krithyamaaya theeyathi urappilla. kottahyayiloode konyayil ninnu tepelinilekku kudiyeriya nassif enna mevlevi darvishinte pingamikalaayi eee kudumbam oru itihaasa vamshaparambarayaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, koodaathe bhoomi kaivashappeduthunnathinulla niyamasadhutha avakaashappedunnathinaayi alii thanne aparichitharodum ottomaan tarkkukalkkumethire samanamaaya avakaashavaadangal unnayikkum. 
ennirunnaalum, aliyude kudumbam praadeshika albanian vamshajaraayathinaal eee paarambaryam adisthaanarahithamaanu. 
pathinezhaam noottaandode avar kurachu padavi nediyirunnu; aliyude muthumuthachan, jirokaastar mekhalayil ninnulla mustafa yousuf, oru sradheyanaaya brigained, yodhaakkal, vamshathalavan ennivaraayirunnu, oduvil bay enna padavi nedukayum orupakshe tepelenayude deputy govarnor enna audyogika amgeekaaram nedukayum cheythu. aliyude muthachan muhtar beyum automan turkukalkku anukoolamaayum ethiraayum poraadiya oru kollakkaaran aayirunnu. 1716leeii corfu uparodhathil muhtar marichirunnu. aaliyude pithaav veli bay tepelenayile oru praadeshika bharanaadhikaariyaayirunnu. 
alii thanne janichathu beshtilaanu, ennirunnaalum addeham thottaduttha pattanamaya tepelenayilaanu janichathennu chilar avakaashappedunnu. aaliyude pithaav veli bay oru praadeshika bharanaadhikaariyaayirunna thante cussin islam beyumaayi sathruthayil earppettirunnu. 1752-ll islam bay delvineyile "muthasarrif" aayi niyamikkapettu, pakshe veli bay addehathe kollukayum athuvazhi 1762-ll "muthasarrif" enna peril thante bandhuvinte pingamiyaayi maarukayum cheythu. alikk patthu vayassullappol veli bay vadhikkappedukayum aaliye konitsayil ninnulla amma chamco (allengil hanco/hamco) valarthukayum cheythu.
kudumbatthinte sthaanam nilanirthunnathinaayi aaliyude amma hamco veliyude baandinte niyanthranam ettedukkaan nirbandhithayaayi. aaliyude anantharaavakaasham nedunnathinaayi aval aliyude ardhasahodarane (aankuttiyude ammayodoppam) visham nalkiyathaayi parayappedunnu. aaliyude vyakthithvathil aval valia swaadheenam cheluthukayum alii avale aazhathil bahumanikkukayum cheythu. jimcocasterile cuplan paashayude makalaaya aliyum eminum thammil hamco oru vivaham samghadippichu. oduvil, tepelinaykku chuttumulla gramangal hamkoykkethire oru konfedareshan roopeekarikkukayum sthriyeyum kudumbatheyum pattanatthil ninnu puratthaakkukayum cheythu; pinneedu avale yathaakramam rund kristhyan, musleem albanian gramangalaaya hormov, kaardikh purushanmaar pathiyirunnu paraajayappeduthi. hamcoyudeyum aaliyudeyum sahodariye karddikhile aalukal pidikoodukayum balaalsangam cheyyukayum thudarnnu purakil oru purushanumaayi theruvukaliloode nadakkaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu. athinusesham, hamco aliyil prathikaram cheyyaanulla aagraham janippikkum, avan thante pilkkala varshangalil kardhik nivaasikale koottakkola cheythukondu ammayodu prathikaram cheyyum.
alikk eminodoppam rund aanmakkalundaakum, avar jirokaastarile cuplan paashayude makalaanu. aadyathethu muhtar pasha randaamathethu veli pasha aayirikkum. aliyude ilaya makan selima 1802ll oru adimaykku janikkum. eminumaayulla addehathinte rund aanmakkalum berathile ibrahim paashayude penmakkalumaayi vivaham kazhikkum. alii adikaaram nediyappol, aliyude sahodari shainitsaye jirokaastarile sulejmaanumaayi vivaham kazhichu; sulejmaante kudumbam sagoriayile libohovil ninnaan vannath, avide alii thante sahodariyude sthreedhanamaayi oru kottakettya seraglio nirmmichu. alii ennum vilikkappedunna sulejmaante sahodaraneyaan avar aadyam vivaham kazhichathennu oru avakaashavaadam soochippikkunnu, ennaal alii paashayude anumathiyode addeham marikkukayo sulejman kolappeduthukayo cheythu. shainitsayude moonnaamathe makan adem libohova govarnoraakum, avarude aadya vivaahathil ninnulla makal kelsiyeyile veli beye vivaham kazhichu.
uyarnnu.
thante aadya varshangalil, alii parvathangalile oru kollakkaranaayi svayam verthirichu. kuprasidhanaaya oru kollakkaaranenna nilayil aliyude vardhichuvarunna prashasthi ottomaan sarkkaarine nadapadiyedukkaan nirbandhithanaakkukayum avane keezhadakkaan avar berathile ahmat kurth pashaye adhikaarappeduthukayum cheythu. kurtthinte makal miriyimine vivaham kazhikkaanulla aliyude vaagdaanam kurth nirasichathinethudarnnu iruvarum thammil udaledutha sathrutha kaaranam, orupakshe rund thavana, pakshe theerchayaayum 1775-ll alii yadhaarthathil kurtthinte sevanathil jolie cheythirunnuvennu ariyappettappol addeham kurtthinte pidiyilaayi. pakaram, 1765-ll mireem vloreyile ibrahim beye vivaham kazhikkukayum pinneedu ibrahim vloreyudeyum berathinteyum paasha aakukayum cheythu. thalphalamaayi, ibrahim aliyum athiraalikalaayi maarukayum eee sathrutha ibraahiminte maranam vare thudarukayum cheythu. addeham prathyekichu kristhyan virudhano svayam bodhapoorvamaaya musleemo aayirunnillengilum oru bharanadhikaariyenna nilayil rund grouppukalodum pakshapaatham kaanichillengilum alii bektashi vibhagavumaayi svayam bandhapettu.
aliyum addehathinte cussin, kelsireyile islam beyum, 1772-ll soliyottukalumaayi samgharshathil earppettirunna maargarithiyude agayaya sulejman chaapaariyude keezhil 9,000 musleem albeniyakkaarude oru senayude bhagamaayirunnuvennum, 1775-ll soliyottukalkkethiraaya kurtthinte prachaarana velayil alii ahmet kurth paashayude sainyathinte bhagamaayirikkaamennum veneeshyan rekhakal soochippikkunnu. 1776ll mehemed pasha bushaathiyumaayulla ahmet kurth paashayude samghattanamaayirunnu alii pankedutthathaayi sthireekarikkappetta aadyathe sainika nadapadi; kawaje, tirana ennivaykku chuttumulla thudarnnulla ettumuttalukalil aliyum addehathinte cussin islam svayam verthirichu, ennaal yudhathile kollakalude vibhajanathil alii kurttumayi akappettu, kollakkaarude jeevitam punaraarambhichu. 1778-ll, yaninayile mehmed 'callo' paasha upayogicha padhathikalude falamaayi ahmet kurth paasha apakeerthippeduthappedu pirichuvidappedukayum cheythu, avlonayile sanjak avalonayude chumatala etteduthu. parvathatheerangalude rakshaakarthruthvam "kaattalkkaali haasi alii paasha" ennariyappedunna tessaliyil ninnulla oru turkkinu nalkappettu; praadeshika albeniyakkaarkk addehathe eshtappettilla, athinaal addeham alii pashaye-eee samayat "alii bay"-albanian brigendukalkkidayil kramam sthaapikkunnathinaayi thante deputy aayi niyamichu, athesamayam kaattalkkaali euboyayile vidoora chokkikalilulla thante kottayil thudarnnu.
eee puthiya automan bharanaparamaya sthaanathode, alii swantham aalukalkk anukoolamaayi kurt niyamicha sainika, sivil udyogasthare illaathaakkukayum albanian baandukalude nethaakkalum armattoliyude captanmaarum thammil oru shringhala sthaapikkukayum cheythu. aliye sevikkaan visammathicha albanian poraalikale moroilek maatti, avide avarkk avarude kollayadi thudaraam. aliyude puthiya sthaanam ardhamaakkunnathu koolippadayaalikale niyamikkunnathinum kaikkoolikkaayi panam mattivekkunnathinum mathiyaya vibhavangal nalkunna niyamaanusrithavum niyamavirudhavumaaya samrakshana rakkattukal aasoothranam cheyyaan addehathinu kazhiyumennumaayirunnu. eee samayathaan, sephalloniyayil ninnullathum athinaal oru veneeshyan prajayumaaya praadeshika kadal captanaaya michaels avronaittukalude kadam pirikkaan alii misolongiyilekku poyath. alii thante albeniyakkaarodoppam oru shakti pradarshanamaayi pattanatthiletthi, avronattukale kandethaan kazhiyaathappol, alii veneeshyan koonsal ulppede niravadhi veneeshyan prajakale pidikoodi. misolongiyude nethaakkal kadam svayam adaykkumennu prakhyaapichathinushesham maathramaan avare mochippichathu, koodaathe eee baaralukal orikkalum misolongiyile janangalkk thirike nalkiyittillengilum ionian dveepukalilekku pookunna 500 barrell charakkukal alii oru guarandiyaayi eduthu. anchu maasam maathrame eee bharanaparamaya sthaanathu sevanamanushtichirunnulle kramavum vyavasthaapithamaaya nikuthi vyavasthayum adichelppikkaanum athupole thanne valia vyakthigatha sambathu shekharikkaanum kazhinja alii epirosiludaneelam samanamaaya bheeshanippeduthal thanthrangal upayogichu.
ahmet kurth pashayumaayulla malsaram.
1779ll ahmet kurth paasha eee mahathaaya thuramukhatthinte goodaalochanayiloodeyum kaikkooliyiloodeyum adhikaarathil thirichetthi. alikk sakthamaaya oru power bays undennu porttine thirichariyaanulla shramathil alii khurttine parasyamaayi velluvilichu. praadeshika pattanangaleyum gramangaleyum bhayappeduthunnathinum avaril ninnu sambathu verthirichedukkunnathu yaathrayil alii thessalyiloode 1,000 albeniyakkaarude oru sainyathe aninirathi. thante sameepanam kandu thanne nivaasikalil palarum palayanam cheythirunnathinaal trikkala, alii 300 sainikarude swantham sainyathe marubhoomiyodu chernnulla pattanatthilekku nayichu. pattanatthil ninnu oru nischitha thuka samaadhaanaparamaayi verthiricheduthappol, aliyum aalukalum purappett farsalayilekku pooyi, avide adhehavum kaattalkkaali hassie (appozhum aaliyude meludhyogasthanaayirunna) ahmet kurth paashaykkethire goodaalochana nadatthi.
aliyude aadya nadapadi addehathinte sainikar ithinakam misolonghi sandarshicha acarnania jilla pidichedukkuka ennathaayirunnu, veendum pouranmaaril ninnu kooduthal adaranjali nedikkodutthu. praadeshika thalasthaanamaaya vraachori (agrinian) kaivashappedutthi moraye nashippichu madangiyethiya thante albanian sainyathil veendum cherunna 4,000 aalukalumayi alii ethi. ithinu marupadiyaayi, kurt thante sainyathe epirusil thekkott neekkukayum aliyude sameepanam niyantrikkaan veneeshyanmaarudeyum armattolukaludeyum mail sammarddam cheluthukayum cheythu. eee saahacharyathil edapedaan udaathamaaya thuramukham nirbandhithanaavukayum morayile albanian kramarahithamaya vasthukkal neekkam cheyyaan ithinakam ayachirunna ottomaan general sesairly ghazi hassan pashaye pakaram praadeshika kramam punasthaapikkaan macedoniayilekkum thessaliyilekkum ayaykkukayum cheythu. praadeshika turkukal, armattolukal, greak karshakar ennivarude sahaayathode gasisahasan paashaykk albeniyakkaare paraajayappedutthaanum puratthaakkaanum kazhinjilla. ennirunnaalum, pinneedu moreyile albeniyakkaare samaadhaanippikkunnathil addeham vijayichu, ennaal albaniakkaar eee pradeshathekku ozhukunnathu thudarunnathinaal thaalkkaalikamaayi samadhaanam punasthaapichu.
athesamayam, kudumbatthinte sthaanam punasthaapikkaanum thante adhikara adithara urappikkaanumaayi alii tepelenayilekku madangiyethiyirunnu. ahmet kurth paashaykk pakaram thanne punasthaapikkaan udaathamaaya thuramukham visammathichuvennu arinja aalee, adutha rund varshathekku tepelenaykkum yaaninayude praanthapradeshangalkkum edayilulla parvatha jillakale nasippichukondu kurtthinte praadeshika sainikare akramikkaan thante gotra, fudal sakhyakakshikalodu utharavittu. aliyude thadassathe nerittu velluvilikkaan portt kurttine nirbandhithanaakki, kurtinu 10,000 aalukaludeyum 100 kuthirappadayudeyum oru senaye samaharikkaan kazhinjenkilum, parvathatthilum churangalilum aliye paraajayappeduthaan addehathinu kazhinjilla, athinaal uparodham nadathunna tepelena aasrayikkukayum cheythu. uparodham marikadannu butterinu vazhiyorukkukayallathe alikk mattu maargamillaayirunnu, ithu moroilek madangaanulla sramamaayi kurt vyaakhyaanichu. aaliyude rakshappedal greasiludaneelam aashankayundaakkukayum, aliye thekke vazhiyil ninnu vichedikkaanum kadalinaduthayi keniyil pedutthaanum 6,000 sainikare artha ulkkadalilekku ayachukondu kurt pravartthikkukayum, vazhiyil praadeshika thalavanmaarkk panam vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythu. alii thante swantham sakhyakakshikaleyum niyamichu, addehathinte cussin islam bay oof kelsire, sulejman chaapaariyude makan athinaal maargarity hassan chaapaariyude agayum, konispolile demogloy ulppede. eee sakhyakakshikal delvineyude sainyathinte paasha kaivashappeduthiyappol alii kooduthal thekk arthayilekkum prevesayilekkum thudarnnu. eee thanthrangal veneeshyakkaare munnariyipp nalkukayum trikkala euboyayileyum paashakalodu kurthine sahayikkaan avarude sainyathe ayaykkaan aavasyappedukayum cheythu. alii, kurt pratheekshichathinethire, disha maattukayum yaaninaavilekk neengukayum, vazhiyile pradhana graamangale keezhadakkukayum shakthippeduthukayum cheythu.
kurtthinte marumakan ibrahim beyude neethrthwathil addehathinte sainyathin aaliye paraajayappeduthaan kazhinjilla, ithu oru sthambhanathin kaaranamaayi. alii oduvil tepelenayilekku pinvaangukayum aliyude maranatthinte thelivaayi muricha thalakal ayachukondu kurt eee mahathaaya thuramukhathe aakarshikkan sramikkukayum cheythenkilum aswasthatha thudarnnu. thante pravarthanangaliloode, kurtthinte adhikaarathe valareyadhikam durbalappedutthaanum veneeshyanmaarumaayi nayatantra bandham sthaapikkaan vendathra shradha nedaanum alikk kazhinju. 1783-ll, raajyadrohakkuttam chumathappedumenna aashankayil corfuvile veneeshyan bharanakoodathinu alii souhrudaprakhyaapanam ayachu, eathu nimishavum rund vaalukalude pasha enna padavi labhikkumenn pratheekshichukondu, eee prakriya vegathilaakkaan thanikkuvendi udaathamaaya thuramukhathu madhyasthatha vahikkaan avarodu aavasyappettu. veneshyakkaar pinthudarnnu, pakaram, alii veneeshyakkaarude rashtreeya ethiraaliyaaya delvine mustafa kokayude pashaye thadassappeduthi.
prarambha niyamanam.
moreyil greak kalapam adichamarthiya albanian poraalikalkku eee mahathaaya thuramukham appozhum valareyadhikam kadappettirikkukayum jyothishaasthraparamaaya thukakal thirichadaykkukayum cheythu. albanian poraalikalkkidayil aliyude uyarnna antass veneeshyan-turkish bandhangale saadhaarana nilayilakkiya addehathinte thripthikaramaaya nayatantra parihaarangalum, ahmet kurth pasha shkodarile kaara mahmoud paasha bushati marikadannu addeham ippol eee mekhalayile "yadhaartha" shakthiyaanenna vastutha eduthukaanichu. russian crimea pidichadakkiyathinulla prathikaranatthinte bhaagamaayi 1,000 sainikare nayikkanamenna vyavasthayil 1784 avasaanamo 1785 thudakkathil ayonninnayile "muthasarrif" aayi alii niyamithanaayi.
nirvvahanavum punarniyamanavum.
alii udaathamaaya thuramukhathodulla thante vaagdaanam paalichilla; ottomanmaarkkaayulla prachaaranatthinu pookunnathinupakaram, jijrokkaastarin chuttumulla gramangalilum pattanangalilum thante bharanam adichelppikkaanulla valia shramathinte bhaagamaayi alii hormowail shradha kendreekarichu. thante ammaye sahodariye apamanikkunnathil panku vahichathin hormov janathayodulla prathikara nadapadiyaayi, alii nagaratthe thettaaya souhrudabodhathilekku nayicha sesham aayirathiladikam purushanmarumaayi graamathe akramikkum. purushanmaar kollappettu, sthreekaleyum kuttikaleyum adimakalaakki vittu, hormovinte nethaavine theeykku mukalilulla thuppalil jeevanode varutheduthu. addehathinte pravrithikal ayal graamangale keezhadangan bhayappeduthukayum taamasiyaathe janinayude govarnor sthaanam nedukayum cheythu.
koodaathe, russian saamraajyavumaayum venesumaayum ulla pinthunayum sahakaranavum kaaranam himara mekhala eee mahathaaya thuramukhathe sambandhicha aashankayude oru kendramaayi kaanapettu. delvineyude govarnoraayi sevanamanushticha alii eee pradeshatthinte adhikaraparidhi avakaashappedukayum 1785-ll oru pracharanam samghadippikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, alikk mattu prashnangalundaayirunnathil himara athu nadatthi. janinayil surakshithamaaya bharanam sthaapikkunnathil addeham paraajayappedukayum praadeshika turkish, greak samoohangale sathrukkalaakkukayum cheythu, avar udaathamaaya thuramukhathodu prathishedhichu. thante ethiraaliyaaya kurth paashaykk anukoolamaayi addehathe sthaanathuninnu puratthaakkukayum oru swatantra raashtram srishtikkaanulla sramangalil ottomanmaaril ninnu prathikaranam nedaan nirbandhithanaaya shkodeyarile kaara mahmoud pasha bushaathikkethire pracharanam nadatthaan sultan addehathe vilikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu aliye russian-turkish yudhamaaya aii. dii. 1-ll mattoru prachaaranatthinaayi ayachu, athil addeham rashyakkaarumaayi rahasyamaayi bandhappedukayum cheythu. eee yudhasamayathu banaattil addeham cheytha sevanagalkk prathifalamaayi, 1787-ll brigained reydukal anubavikkunna trikaalayile sanjak addehathinu labhichu. trikaalayile brigandej shaanthamaakkunnathil aliyude vijayam "toscariayudeyum epairasinteyum" tolls supervisorude punk addehathinu nedikkodutthu.
ithinidayil, kurth pasha marikkukayum addehathinte sakhyakakshiyaya ibrahim paasha berathile addehathinte pingamiyaavukayum cheythu. portt aliye jaaninayude niyanthranathinu ealppichu, ennirunnaalum, ithu engane sambhavichu ennathinekkurichulla vivaranagal vyathyaasappedunnu; alii thante sainyavumayi janinaye valayukayum porttinu ethirkkaan mathiyaya samayam nalkaathe sultanil ninnu oru vyaja rekha avatharippikkukayum cheythathayi chilar soochippikkunnu, mattullavar soochippikkunnathu jaaninayude pramukharil ninnu addehathinu mathiyaya pinthuna labhichuvennu avar sultane prathinidheekarichu niyamanathinaayi apekshichu ennaanu. enthaayaalum, aaliye jaaninayude pasha ennu ariyappedunna aadya paramarsham 1788 march 15-nuu aanu. athe varsham thanne addeham thante makan velikk "thrikaalatthinte pasha" enna padavi nalki.
aadyakaala ekeekaranam.
swaadheenamulla aalukalumayi bandham sthaapikkukayum thante anuyayikalkkum sakhyakakshikalkkum prathiphalam nalkukayum cheythukondu alii paasha thante sthaanam urappichu. taamasiyaathe addeham "darvendji-paasha" thasthikayilekku niyamikkappedukayum epirasil thante shakti kooduthal shakthippeduthaan thudangukayum cheythu. thante makkale ibrahim paashayude penmakkalumaayi addeham berathil vachu vivaham kazhichu, avarude sakhyavum thante pashalik athirthikalum surakshithamaakkunnathinaayi.
yudhasamayathu, alii paashaykk rando moonno divasathinullil 50,000 albanian sainikarude oru sainyathe kootticherkkaan kazhiyukayum rando moonno aazhchakalkkullil aaa ennam erattiyaakkaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. eee sayudha senaye nayichathu aliyude paramonnatha kaunsilaayirunnu. sthaapakanum dhanakaarya vidagthanumaaya alii paasha aayirunnu commander-inn-cheef. kaunsil amgangalil muhtar pasha, veli pasha, selaledin bay, abdullah pashe thoushaani, hassan darvishi, omar vriooni, meco boonoo, munbu mairdari, tanasis vagias, veli gega, tahir abasi thudangiya addehathinte niravadhi vishwasthar ulppedunnu.
albanian kollakkaarude purathana paarambaryatthil ninnu uruthirinja group identittiyekkurichulla aliyude swantham dhaarana, athinoppam albanian kapada-chalanaseshiyum. eee albanian sainyavum prabhukkanmaarum mikkavarum niyanthrikkumaayirunna oru swatantra raashtram alii vibhavanam cheythu. paasha enna nilayil, aliye oru prathyeka albanian sainika sthaapanam pinthunachu, athil avarude jeevithathinte thudakkathil brigandej pravartthanangal ettedutha niravadhi aalukal ulppedunnu. morayile greak kalaapangale adichamarthaan alii paasha albanian gothravargakkareyum upayogichu.
paashayayi bharikkuka.
paasha enna nilayil, alii pathukke albaniayudeyum greasinteyum valiyoru bhagam ulppedunna eathaandu swathanthramaaya oru raashtrathinte roopeekaranathinu aditharayittu. addehathinte bharanakaalathu, ionina pattanam oru pradhana vidyaabhyaasa, saamskaarika, rashtreeya, saambathika kendramaayi vikasichu. thante lakshyangal nedunnathinaayi addeham thante pradeshathe ellah matha, vamseeya vibhagangalumaayum sakhyamundaakki. athesamayam, eathenkilum ethiraaliye shakthamayi takarkkaan addeham madichuninnilla, koodaathe europian shakthikalumayi bandham valarthiyedukkukayum cheythu. yaninaayile pashalik saamrajyathilekkulla addehathinte praveshanasamayathu, eee mekhalayile eathaandu swathanthramaaya niravadhi albanian, greak pattanangal automan bharanathinethiraaya shathruthayude sameepanam maattukayum aaliyodulla vishwasthatha prathinjja cheyyukayum cheythu. janinayude bharanadhikaariyenna nilayil aliyude nayam kooduthalum niyanthrikkappettath prayojanappeduthalukalaayinu; addeham oru ardha-swatantra svechaadhipathiyaayi pravartthikkukayum akkaalat ettavum kooduthal nettam vaagdaanam cheythavarumaayi praayogikamaayi sakhyamundaakkukayum cheythu. vaasthavathil, alii pasha addehathinte albanian sainikarum koolippadayaalikalumaanu swatantra soliye keezhadakkiyathu.
eee ghattathil, alii paashayude munganana clefttukal, armattolukal, kristhyan pramukhar, albanian baise, agas ennivayulppede thante pashalikkil adhikaarathinaayi malsarikkunna niravadhi vighadanavaada vibhaagangale nirveeryamaakki oru kendreekritha bharanasamvidaanam srishtikkuka ennathaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, alii thante niyanthranatthilulla pradeshangalil ninnulla greak armaattolukalkk pakaram eathaandu albanian armattolukal upayogichu. upekshikkappetta greak armattolukal clefttukalaayi maari, thudarnnulla avarude armaattoloyi virudha pravartthanam brigandej mathramalla, automan bharanathinethiraaya prathirodhatthinte oru roopavum koodiyaayirunnu. swantham sambathu vardhippikkunnathinop karshakarkk neethi nalkanamenna maravil sambannaraaya musleem bhoovudamakaleyum alii lakshyamittu. 
1788-ll, aliyude sainyam thekkukizhakkan albaniayile oru kaalath sambannamaayirunna saamskaarika kendramaaya moscopolinte nasham poortthiyaakki, 1769 muthal russian anukoola nilapaadum orlov kalaapathinte pinthunayum kaaranam albanian kramarahitar thudarchayaayi raid cheythirunnu. moscopolile sugandhajanavibhaagangal eee pradeshathu ninnu palayanam cheyyaanum ottoman saamraajyathinakathum puratthum aliyude niyanthranathinu purathulla pradeshangalil abhayam thedaanum nirbandhitharaayi. niravadhi sugandhavyanjanagal baalkkanukaliludaneelam chitharikkidakkukayum crusevo polulla vaasasthalangal sthaapikkukayum cheythuvenkilum palarum videsha raajyangalilekku kudiyeri, oru sugandhavyavasaayam roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. sarakathasani samudaayangalkkethireyum ithe peedana pracharanam aarambhichu.
aliyum aathmaavukalum prarambha prachaaranangal.
eee samayat, aliyude pashalikkil sthithicheyyunna kristhyan albanian samoohamaaya soliyottukal avarude nikuthi bekir beyile jaaninayile spaahiyilekku adaykkum. nikuthi nerittu swantham kaikalilekku edukkaan alii eshtappettu, aliyude nirddesham nirasichathine thudarnnu bekkoorine udan jayililadachu. soliyot konfedarasi aliyude pashalikkinu thudarchayaaya bheeshani uyarthukayum chuttumulla gramangalil nirantharam raid nadathukayum bhayappeduthukayum cheythu, koodaathe russian chakravarthini catherine dhii grettu alikkethire prachodippikkukayum cheythu, 1774 leeii cook kayarka udambadikku sesham ottomaan saamraajyathile ellah yaadhaasthithika kristhyaanikaludeyum samrakshakayaayi amgeekarikkappettu. rashyakkaarude nirddeshaprakaaram, alii paashaykkethire aayudangal uyarthaan thayyaraya 2,200 pere suliyottukal shekharichathaayi reportund, ithinu marupadiyaayi alii udan thanne thante sainyathe aninirathi. 3, 000 sainikarude sainyathodoppam, paramithiyayile chapari kudumbatthinte sahaayathode, alii soliye aakramichu, ennaal oru russian pinthunaa kappal orikkalum soliyottukale sahayikkaan kazhinjillengilum ganyamaaya nashtatthode akramanam thirichadichu. avarude vijayathal prothsaahippikkappetta soliyottukal pindukalil ninnulla clefttukalumaayi chernnu akkarnaaniyayiludaneelamulla greak, albanian graamangale nashippichu.
nerittulla aakramanathiloode soliyottukale paraajayappedutthunnathil paraajayappettathin sesham alii mattoru sameepanam sweekarichu. 1792-ll, bay adichelppikkaan nagaram visammathichathin marupadiyaayi alii 10,000 pere jirokkaasttarine akramikkaan othukoodi, ennaal ithellaam avarude parvathangalil ninnulla soliyottukale aakarshikkunnathinulla vipulamaaya padhathiyude bhaagamaayirunnu. alii soliyott captanmaaraaya jorjju bottasaris, lambrose savelas ennivarkku oru kathu ezhuthi, athil avarude sahayam abhyarthikkumbol sauhrudavum aadaravum nadichu. soliyottukal shradhaapoorvvam sweekarichu, aliyil cheraan mathiyaya anuyaayikale samaharikkaan thanikk kazhinjillengilum, souhrudathinte adayaalamaayi 70 perumaayi savelas thante sainyathil cherumennu bottasaris ezhuthi. alikk savelas undaakunnathin munbu eee samghathe munnirayil nirthukayum addehathinte aalukale pidikoodukayum changlayitt jaaninayilekku ayaykkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum chilar sambhavasthalathu thanne kollappettu.
alii, thante makan muhtarinte sahaayathode, soliye akramikkaan munnott pooyi, pakshe bothsaris nalla prathirodha sthaanangalumaayi nannayi thayyarayirunnu. 1, 300 soliyot prathirodhakkar avarude gramangalil ninnu pinmaarukayum soliyude aantharika parvathangalilekku thallappedukayum cheythu. lambrosine vividha maargangaliloode soliyottukale ottikkodukkaan alii nirbandhichu, lambrosinte 12 vayassulla makan photos oru urappayi eduthirunnuvenkilum alii addehathinu thante swaathanthryavum soliyude aadhipathyavum vaagdaanam cheythappol lambrose oduvil sammathichu. thaan surakshithanaayikkazhinjal, thante makane baliyarppikkanamo vendayo ennathu pariganikkathe thanne vilapeshalinte bhagamaakaan uddeshikkunnillennum aliykkum thante alukalkkumethire yuddham thudarumennum lambrose alikk oru kathu ayachu. aliyude aalukal kooduthal karyangal cheiyunnathil paraajayappedukayum thadavukaar (photos savelas ulppede) kaimarukayum mochanadravyam nalkukayum vedinirthal karaaril oppidukayum cheythukondu alii thante nashtam kuraykkukayum cheythu. aliyude naashanashtangal aayirakkanakkin aayirunnu, athesamayam soliyottukalkk cheria nashtam sambhavichu, ennaal lambrose savelas thanne maarakamaayi parikkettu. 1792leeii akramanam oru aathmavijayathil avasaanichu, charchakalil, botasaris vamshathe alii paasha soliyudeyum jorjju botasaris thammilulla samadhana nibandhanakal nadappilaakkunna niyamaparamaaya prathinidhi vamshamaayi amgeekarichu. ennirunnaalum, alii eee avamanam marakkilla.
pinneedu bharanam.
addehathinte kaalathe saamudaayika vibhaagangalile bhoomishaasthrathinte pradhana punk alii manassilaakkiyirunnu. epirus enna greak jillayil sthithi cheiyunna ionina albanian aanennu addeham urappichu paranju. eee pradeshathu thaamasichirunna albanian janataye kudiyettakkaaraayitla, marichu mekhalayile thaddesheeya janathayayi addeham kanakkakki. ionian theerathe videsha samrakshitha pradeshangalum "albania" yude bhaagamaanenn urappichukondu avayekkurichulla thante padhathikale nyaayeekarikkan addeham shramichu.
aaliyude vyakthithvathilum addehathinte sarkkaarilum addeham pothuve niyanthrichirunna pradeshathum bhasha oru pradhana nirnnayaka gadakamaayirunnu. pathinettaam noottaandil albeniyakkaarum greekkukaarum bhashakal kaimarunnathu valare saadhaaranamaayirunnu. aliyude maathrubhaasha albanian aayirunnu. ottoman saamraajyathinte aupachaarika bureaucratic bhasha pashalik bhashayil greak bhashayakki maattukayum addehathinte kottaaratthil nayatantra bisinesses greekilum aupachaarika kathidapaadukalilum maathramaayi nadathukayum cheythu. alii albanian bhashayil ezhuthaanum thante vyakthiparamaaya kathidapaadukalil turkish lipyantharanathinum greak lipi upayogichu.
meditareniyanil oru kadalsakthi sthaapikkaan alii paasha aagrahichu, athu aljiyar devanaaya ahamed benn aliyude prathiroopamaayirikkum. 
venis aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna albanian theerathu oru thuramukham nedunnathinaayi, alii paasha fraansile nepolian onnamanumaayi oru sakhyam roopeekarichu, addeham francois poukvevilleye ioninayil thante general koonsal aayi sthaapichu, ottomaan sultan seliman moonnaamante poornna sammathathode. 1815ll britiish sanjaariyaaya henry holland, aliyumaayulla oru vyakthiparamaaya sambhaashanathil oru ghattathil nepolian aliykk albaniayile raajaavinte sthaanam vaagdaanam cheythathayi prathyakshappettathayi report cheythu, ennaal franch janataye avishwasichathinaal alikk eee vaagdaanam bodhyappettillennum holland abhiprayappettu. 1769ll aadyamaayi artayil oru konsulettu thuranna britiish sarkkar 1803 aayappozhekkum joonn philipp morriere alii paashayude thalasthaanamaaya ionina kendreekarichu "morayileyum albaniayileyum general kaunsil" aayi niyamichu oru sthiramaaya consular praathinidhyam sthaapichu. britiish gavanment "albania" enna perinu nalkia aadyakaala audyogika amgeekaarathe ithu prathinidheekarikkunnu.
ottomaan saamraajyathe thakarkkanulla padhathi nepolian saarinu anuvadicha tilsit udambadikku sesham, alii paasha paksham maarukayum 1807-ll brittanumaayi sakhyamundaakkukayum cheythu; briteeshukaarumaayulla addehathinte sakhyathekkurichulla vishadamaaya vivaranam sarr richard sabha ezhuthiyittundu. addehathinte pravartthanangal ottomaan sarkkar konstantinoppilil anuvadichu. 1808ll puthiya automan sultan mahmoud randaamante aavirbhaavathil alii paasha valare jaagrathayodeyum athrupthi prakadippichum jeevichu.
1809ll joonn kaam hoob housinoppam loard bairon tepelenayileyum ioninayileyum aliyude rajasabha sandarshichu. bairon thante 'child harrold' enna kruthiyil ettumuttal rekhappeduthiyittundu. athuvare brittanil kooduthalum anjjaathamaayirunna raajyam kaanaan avar albaniayilekku pooyi. bairon aalbeniyakkaare avarude nethaavaaya alii paashayude keezhil avarude samsthaanathu jeevichirunna oru swatantra janathayayi avatharippichu, bairon visheshippichathu "albania muzhuvan bharikkunna aadya kazhivukalulla manushyan" ennaanu.
aaliyude kroorathaye bairon ammaykku ayacha kathil apalapichu 
chaals roobert cockerell albania sandarshikkukayum 1814-ll alii pashaye kandumuttukayum cheythu. alii paashayude bharanathe prashamsichukondu cockerell vishadeekarichu 
paashayude kottaaratthile paashchaathya sandarshakaril ninnu (loard bairon, dhii, frederic north, erl oof gildford ennivayulppede) addehathinte laingika pravanathakalekkurichulla vyathyastha kathakal uyarnnuvannu. sthreekaludeyum purushanmaarudeyum oru valia haram addeham sookshichirunnathaayi eee documentermaar ezhuthi. atharam vivaranagal yooroppinte ooriyantalist bhavana prathifalippikkukayum paashayude laingikathayekkurichu vyakthamaaya enthengilum parayunnathinupakaram athinte charitraparamaaya pankine adivarayidukayum cheythekkaam. paashchaathya sanjaarikaludeyum nayathanthranjarudeyum viyojippo nishedhaathmakamaaya abhipraayangalo ozhivakkaan alii paasha thante swavarggalaingika karyangal pothujanangalil ninnu rahasyamakkaan shramichu.
alii paasha, oru abhipraayamanusarichu, "cruren vishwaasamillaathathumaaya svechaadhipathiyaayirunnu; ennittum, addeham oru turkkiyalla, marichu oru albeniyakkaaranaayirunnu; addeham sultane (mahmoud randaaman) ethiraaya oru vimathanaayirunnu, addeham ithuvare sulthaante shathrukkalude paroksha suhruthaayirunnu". thante bharanathiludaneelam addeham adutha bandham nilanirthukayum hussain gradasevic, ibrahim bushati, mehmet alii pasha, ibrahim pasha thudangiya prashastha nethaakkalumaayi ashayavinimayam nadathukayum cheythu.
theerchayaayum greak desheeyavaadikalude suhruthallengilum (cleft katsaantanisine vedanaajanakamaayi vadhikkan addeham vyakthiparamayi utharavittirunnu) addehathinte bharanam aapekshika sthiratha konduvannu. addehathinte sakthamaaya mozhiyedukkalinushesham maathramaan greak janatha sultan mahmoud randaamanteyum puthuthayi niyamithanaaya hursid paashayudeyum bharanathe ethirthathu, angane greak swaathanthryasamaram aarambhichu.
alii paashayude nettangalkkaayi samarppichirikkunna 10,000-ladhikam varikal ulkkollunna alipashiad ennariyappedunna oru neenda itihaasa kavita. delvinayil ninnulla albanian musleemaaya hakshi shekrettiyaanu alippashiyad rachichathu, ithu poornnamaayum greekkilaan ezhuthiyathu.
aadhunika greak prabudhathayilum greak swathanthrayudhathilum swaadheenam chelutthi.
alii paashayude maathrubhaasha albanian aayirunnengilum, alii bharanam vyaapichirunna pradeshangalile greak samsaarikkunna janasamkhyayumaayi bharanavarggathe bandhippikkunnathinte falamaayi addeham thante ellah kottaraparamaaya edapaadukalkkum greak upayogichu. thalphalamaayi, praadeshika greak janasamkhyayude oru bhagam addehathinte bharanathodu sahathapam prakadippichu. ithu greak pravaasikalude bisinasukaarkku niravadhi puthiya vidyaabhyaasa aavasyangalkku subsidy nalkikkond puthiya vidyaabhyaasa avasarangalum sajeevamakki.
ioninayileyum athile schoolileyum vidyaabhyaasam greak lokamembaadum prashasthamaayi. aadhunika greak njaanodayathinum georgios sackellariosinum pradhana sambhavana nalkia bhaashaashaasthranjanaaya athanasios salidas ulppedeyulla abhimaanakaramaaya jeevanakkaraanu aaa shoolukal pravarthippichathu. ionis koolattis aaliyude makan mattar pezhsanal physicianaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum niravadhi shaasthreeya kruthikal rachikkukayum cheythu. angane alii raajasabhayile amgangalum ulppedunna academic varenyavarggam uyarnnuvannu. eee vyakthithvangalil palarum pinneedu greak swaathanthryasamarathil pradhana punk vahichu. charitrakaaranaaya dougless dackin eee vishayathil ingane abhiprayappettu 
greak swaathanthryayudhathinte pashchaathalatthil alii pashayumaayulla sahakaranm enna ashayam greekkukalkkidayil puthiyathayirunnilla. philikki etteriyayile pramukha udyogasthar alii kristhumathathilekku parivartthanam cheiyunnathinekkurichum addehathinte nirddeshaprakaaram viplavam pottippurappedunnathum aalochikkukayaayirunnu. adhikaarasthaanangalilellam ninnu thurkkikale puratthaakkukayum avarkk pakaram greekkukaareyum albeniyakkaareyum niyamikkukayum cheiyumenna aliyude nayam addehathe oru greak-albanian raajyathinte thalavanayi kanakkaakkunna niravadhi greak upadeshtaakkaleyum sainika nethaakkaleyum nayichu.
athikramangal.
1808-ll, alii paashayude commanding janissariyaaya muhardar, thante ettavum prashastha athiraalikaliloraalaaya greak cleft katsantonisine pidikoodi, addehathinte ellukal sledgehammer upayogichu thakarth parasyamaayi vadhichu. niyamaparamaaya kuttaaropanamillathe aaliyude ettavum kuprasidhamaaya kuttakrithyangalilonnu, ioninayile thiranjedukkappetta 17 allengil 18 yuva greak penkuttikalude koottakkolayaayirunnu. vichaarana koodaathe, avar vyabhicharikalaayi shikshikkappedukayum chaakkukalil kettukayum pamvotis thadaakathil mungimarikkappedukayum cheythu. aalii paashayude sainikarude kroorathayekkurichu vaakkalulla sugandha paarambaryangal (ganangal) parayunnu.
1798 octoberil aliyude sainyam franch, praadeshika greekkukaarude oru cheria kaaval seena prathirodhicha theeradesha pattanamaya prevesa aakramichu. oduvil pattanam keezhadakkiyappol, avarude cheruthunilppinulla prathikaaramaayi pradeshavaasikalkkethire oru valia vadham nadannu. franch, greak yudhathadavukaare vadhikkunnathin munbu addeham peedippichu. alii paashayude kroorathayum krooramaaya swabhaavavum oru franch udyogasthan vivarichu
oro franch thadavukaaranum oru razer nalki, athu upayogichu thante naattukaarude muricha thalakal tholimattaan nirbandhithanaayi. visammathichavare clubbukal upayogichu thalayil marddichu. thalayude tholi pottia sesham maaskukal uppuvechu thuni baagukalil idunnu. ooppareshan poortthiyaayappol franchukaare hangerilekku thirichayakkukayum maranathinu thayyaaraakanamenn munnariyipp nalkukayum cheythu.
veezhcha.
1819-ll ottomaan nayathanthranjanaaya haalett ephendi alii paashayumaayi bandhapetta mahmoud randaamante () vishayangal shradhichu. alii paasha "adikaaram pidichedukkukayum", ottomaan rumeniyayil swaadheenam cheluthukayum cheythathayi ephendi aaropichu. 1820-ll, alii paasha, turkish parishkarangalumaayulla neenda samgharshangalkku sesham, konstantinoppile rashtreeya ethiraaliyaaya gusco beye vadhikkan utharavittathayi aaropikkappedunnu; udaathamaaya porttinte adikaaram punasthaapikkaan shramicha sultan mahmoud randaaman, alii paashaykkethire neengaanulla oru pradhana avasaramaayi ithu upayogichu.
alii paasha thante audyogika padavi raajivaykkaan visammathikkukayum sulthaante sainika neekkangalkkethire kadutha cheruthunilppu nadathukayum cheythu, kaaranam hursid paashayude neethrthwathilulla 20,000 oolam automan sainikar alii paashayude cheruthum ennaal shakthavumaya sainyavumayi pooraadukayaayirunnu. alii thudakkathil 40,000 sainikare aninirathiyenkilum munnerikkondirunna automanmaar thante saamraajyathinte athirthi kadannayudane athu avishwasthavum upekshikkappettathumayi. addehathinte anuyaayikalil bhooribhaagavum addehathe yudhamillaathe upekshichu andruitsos addehathinte makkalaya veliyum muhtar ulppede palayanam cheythu, allengil automan sainyathil chernnu. 1820 augustil uparodhikkapetta eoninayilekku athirillaathe poya oomar vrony alexes nautsosum ivaril ulppedunnu.
1820 desember 4 nuu alii pasha soliyottukalum oru automan virudha sakhyam roopeekarichu, athil soliyottukal 3,000 sainikare sambhavana cheythu. alii paasha pradhaanamaayum soliyottukale avarude raajyathekku madangaan anuvadikkaan vaagdaanam cheythathukondum bhaagikamaayi avayude albanian uthbhavathe aakarshichathukondum soliyottukalkk pinthuna labhichu. thudakkathil, sakhyam vijayikkukayum pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagavum niyantrikkaan kazhiyukayum cheythu, ennaal alii paashayile musleem albanian sainyathe moraayile greak kalaapangalude thudakkathekkurichu ariyichappol athu avasaanippichu.
udaathamaaya thuramukhathinethiraaya aliyude kalapam greak sainika gadakathinte moolyam vardhippichu, kaaranam avarude sevanangal thuramukhavum thediyirunnu. ionian dveepukalileyum thante kamaandilulla armatolukalileyum pravasikalaaya clefttukaludeyum soliyottukaludeyum sevanangal addeham karaaril earppeduthiyathaayi parayappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, automan thurkkikalude varavinu munbu clefttukal thanne paraajayappedutthumennu addeham bhayapettu.
addehathinte vighadanavaada pravartthanangal akkaalat automan saamraajyathil nilaninnirunna sthaapanaparamaaya azhimathiyudeyum vibhajana pravanathakaludeyum mikacha udaaharanamaanu. oru swatantra bharanaadhikaariyaakanulla addehathinte sramam oduvil udaathamaaya porttinte prathikaranatthinu kaaranamaayi, athu 1821 maarchil hurshid paashayude neethrthwathilulla oru sainyathe addehathinu ethire ayachu, athu addehathe ioninayil valanju. 
ekadesham rund varshathe poraattatthinu sesham 1821 avasaanathode, addehathinte aalukalil bhooribhaagavum addehathe upekshichu kaira vasilikkiyodum 70 kaavalkkarodum oppam ionina kottayude vadakkukizhakkan moolayilulla kottayilekku pinwangi. kottaye takarkkaan aavashyamenkil addeham thante aalukalodu thokku thoonukal basementil sthaapichu. charchakalil earppedaanulla ottomanmaarude abhyarthana alii paasha sweekarichu, athil sultane nerittu kaanaan anuvadikkanamennu addeham aavasyappettu. thante abhyarthana sultanu kaimarumennu hurshid paasha vaagdaanam cheyyukayum edakkaalathil sainyathile taanum matte pasha oppitta oru surakshita paas alii nalkukayum cheythu. poornnamaaya mapp nalkanamenna abhyarthana pariganikkumbol kotta vidaan nirddeshichukondu hurshid paasha aliye oru vyaja saamraajyathva firman (utharavu) ayachu.
maranam.
thaan vanchikkappedunnu enna thonnal undaayirunnittum alii oru vedinirthalinu sammathikkukayum bhaarya, parivaaram, amgarakshakar ennivarodoppam kotta vittu dveepile sent paantteleemon aashramathil thaamasamaakkukayum cheythu, munbu uparodha samayat automan sainyam pidichedutthirunna pamvotis thadaakatthile. eathaanum aazhchakalkk sesham oru koottam paashakalum muthirnna udyogastharum addehathe sandarshichu. addeham oru kenii samshayichenkilum yogam sambhavangalonnumillathe nadannu. kurachu divasangalkku sesham 1822 januvari 24 nuu automan bottukal thirichethiyappol keos mehmed paasha enna muthirnna udyogasthan, sulthaante vadhashikshaykk thante kaivashamundenn avakaashappett erangi. rekha vaayikkunnathuvare avidethanne thudaraan alii addehathodu paranjenkilum paasha addehathe avaganikkukayum anusarikkaan aavasyappedukayum cheythu. alii thante pisttal purathedutthu addehathinu nere vediyuthirthu, paasha thirichadichu, athesamayam hurshidinte staaf medaaviyaaya kaftan agasinu vaal upayogichu aliyude kaiyil murivelppikkaan kazhinju. aliyude amgarakshakar addehathe samrakshikkaan oodiyethukayum addehathe kettidatthilekku valichizhakkaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. alikk oru vediyunda kondu vayattil maarakamaayi parikkettappol maathramaan thathfalamaayundaaya vedivayppu avasaanikkunnath. ithu addehathinte aalukalodu keezhadangan kaaranamaayi. thudarnnu aaliye shirachhedam cheythu. thante mukhya amgarakshakan tanasis vagiyaasinodulla addehathinte avasana abhyarthana bhaarya kaira shathrukkalude kaikalil veezhaathirikkaan avale kollanamennathaayirunnu, pakshe athu avaganikkapettu.
oru valia vellipaathrathil athu sammaanicha hurshid paasha athu sweekarikkaan ezhunnettu, athinu munnil moonnu thavana kuninj thaadiye bahumaanathode chumbichu, samanamaaya oru lakshyam thaan arhikkanamenna aagraham urakke prakadippichu. aliyude dheerathayude prashamsa addehathinte kuttakrithyangalude oormma illaathaakkaan eee aalukale prachodippichu.
aaliyude thala oru thuniyil pothinju oru velli thunnalil vaykkukayum alii marichuvennu theliyikkaan ioninayile pramukharude theruvukalilum veedukalilum pradarshippikkukayum cheythu. praadeshika aarch bishop suhruthukkalodoppam athaazham kazhikkumbol hurshidinte amgarakshakar muriyil nirbandhapoorvvam praveshichu athaazha meshayil thalavechu panam aavasyappettu. aalikkaayi praarthana nadatthiya sesham aarch bishop oru bagg swarnna nanayangal kaimari. alii paashayude thalayillaatha mrithadeham addeham thante bharyamaaril oralumaayi pankidunna fethiye palliyude aduthulla oru shavakudeerathil poornna bahumathiyumayi samskarichu. athesamayam addehathinte thala sthiramaaya janangalkk ayachu, avide sulthaante kottaaratthinte muttathu oru karangunna thunnalil pothujanagalkk pradharshippichu. sultan pinneedu aaliyude moonnu aanmakkaleyum kochumakaneyum vadhichappol, aliyude thala avarodoppam selvia gettinu purathulla shavakudeerangalil konstantinoppilil samskarichu.
matham.
oru bektashi muslim kudumbathilaanu alii paasha janichathu. adhikaarathinaayulla poraattavum saamrajyathinullile rashtreeya thakarchakalum pariganikkathe, amuslim allengil virudha paarambarya purohithanmaar, vishwaasangal, utharavukal, prathyekichu thaan bharicha mekhalayile janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagavum roopeekaricha yaadhaasthithika kristhyan janataye pinthunaykkendathundu. addehathe swaadheenicha athmeeya vyakthikalil oraalaayirunnu vishudha cosmas. beraathinaduthu thanikkayi samarppichirikkunna oru aashramathinte nirmmaanathinu alii utharavidukayum melnottam vahikkukayum cheythu. alii paasha kristhyan janasamkhyayude mail niyanthranam nilanirtthiyenkilum aashramangale bahumanikkukayum uyarnna purohithanmaarumaayi nalla bandham pulartthukayum cheythu.
akkaalat rumeliyayil nannayi vyaapichirunna soofi utharavukale addeham shakthamayi pinthunachu. nakhshbandi, halvetti, saadiye allengil alavi poleyulla prabalamaaya soofi oordarukalodu alii aduthirunnu. yaninayileyum pargayileyum prashasthamaaya soofi aaraadhanaalayangal nakhbandiyaayirunnu. addeham kooduthalum pinthunacha kramam bekthaashikalaayirunnu, addeham innu oru bektashi anuyaayiyaanennu amgeekarikkappedunnu, ithu fushe-kroojeyile baba shemin aarambhichu. addehathinte rakshaakarthruthvathiloode bectashism tesali, epirus, southu albania, krooja ennividangalil vyaapichu. aliyude shavakudeerathinte thalakkall bektashi kramatthile kireedam (taaj) kondu pothinjirunnu. bektashi sanyasiyaaya nasibi tahir baabaay alii paashayude moonnu athmeeya upadeshtaakkalil oralaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
saahithyathil alii pasha.
encyclopedia oof islam" anusarichu, paashchaathya saahithyathil, alii paasha oru "ooriyantal despot" enna kathaapaathramaayi maari.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, aliyude vyakthiparamaaya baladar, hakshi shekreti, "alipashiad" enna kavita rachichu. thante yajamanane sthuthikkaan kooduthal abhimaanakaramaaya bhashayaayi rachayithaav ithine kanakkakkiyathinaal eee kavita greak bhaashayilaan ezhuthiyathu. akkaalathe muslim veekshanakonil ninnu ezhuthiyathinte asaadhaarana savisheshatha alippashiyaadil undu. albert lortsing ezhuthiya 1828 leeii jarmman gaanarachayithavaaya "alii pascha voonn jaanina" yude taittil kathapaathramaanu addeham.
alexander dumaasinte "dhii kaundu oof monde kristoo" enna novalil, franch armi officer fernand montegoyaanu alii paashayude pathanam konduvannathennu velippedunnu. sulthaante sainyavumayulla montegoyude koottukettu ariyaathe, paasha thante bhaarya kaira vaasilikiyeyum makal hyde montego ealppikkukayum avare adimakalaakki vilkkukayum cheythathayi vivarikkappedunnu. montego pinneedu alii pashaye vyakthiparamayi kolappeduthukayum oru sambathinoppam francilake madangukayum cheiyunnu. novalinte nayakanaaya edmund daantas pinneedu hady kandethukayum avalude swaathanthryam vaangukayum paareesile montegoyude court marshyalil saakshyam vahichukondu avalude maathaapithaakkalodu prathikaram cheyyaan sahayikkukayum cheiyunnu. kuttakrithyam, raajyadroham, apamanam" ennee kuttangalil kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethiya montego bharya makan upekshichu pinneedu aathmahathya cheiyunnu.
alexander dumas, "pere" thante ettu vaalyangalulla parambarayaaya "aaghoshikkappetta kuttakrithyangalude" (1839-40) bhagamaaya "alii paacha" enna oru charithram ezhuthi.
1854-ll morr jokkay ezhuthiya 'janixerock vegnapjay' ('jaanissarikalude avasana naalukal') enna hangarian novalile oru pradhana kathapaathramaanu alii paasha. dhii layan oof jaanina" enna peril 1897-ll nisbett beyne.
ismaayil kaadareyude charitraparamaaya novalaaya "raajyadrohiyude idam" (yadhaartha thalakkett "kamarja iii thurpitt") yile pradhana kathaapaathrangalaanu alii pasha hursid pasha.
patrick oo 'briyante 1981 leeii "dhii ionian mission" enna chithratthile bay mustafa (oru saangalppika kathaapaathram) britiish naavikasena franchukaare corfuvil ninnu thallaan oru sakhyakakshiye thedumbol swantham peril pooraadunnathinu alii paasha prerippikkunnu. britiish naavikasenayude turkish vidagthan addehathe sandarshikkukayum kyapttan abriye yudhathil mustafa kondupokaan kadalil athikkunna eee kuzhanjumarinja katha padikkukayum cheiyunnu.
istambulile topcapy kottaaratthinte pradhana nidhiyaya "spoon makers diamond"-nte uthbhavathekkurichulla vairudhyamulla pala pathippukalum athine alii paashayumaayi bandhippikkunnu-ennirunnaalum avayude charitraparamaaya aadhikaarikatha samshayaaspadamaanu. 
loretta cheseyude 1992 leeii charitraparamaaya pranaya novalaaya "dhii layans dotter" ll alii pasha oru cussin ismal addehathinethire nadatthiya kalapam ulppedunnu.
2019ll amerikkayil pengvin random house prasidheekaricha kriss jaims ezhuthiya "sansu oof kaas" enna graphik noval, 2021ll greasil cactose prasidheekarichathum alii paashayudeyum suliyottukalumaayulla bandhatthinteyum kathaye chuttippattiyaan.
paarambaryamaayi.
ottoman bharanathinethire uyarnnuvanna oru deseeya naayakanayi alii pashaye albanian desheeyavaadikal kanakkakkunnu. yaninaayile pashalikkinteyum skudaariyile pashalikkinteyum albanian bharanam albanian janathayil vamsheeyamaaya oru bodham uyarnnuvaraan kaaranamaayi, ithu thalphalamaayi aalbeniyakkaarude udaathamaaya porttinethire nilanilkkunna shathruthayilekku nayichu, koodaathe athinte kendra shakthiyil ninnu svayambharanaadhikaaram thedukayum cheythu. oru rashtraraashtram kettipadukkukayalla alii paashayude uddeshyamenkilum addeham upekshichupoya paarambaryam albanian varenyavarggakkaar avarude deseeya vedhi nirmmikkaan upayogichu. alii paashayude maranashesham albanian deseeya pravarthanangaludeyum automan saamrajyathinethiraaya kalaapangaludeyum adithara vadakkan albania kosovo aayi maari.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil aliyude bharanam muthal albaniayude sambannamaaya puraavastu paithrikam chittayayi paryavekshanam cheyyappettittund. aliyude vyakthigatha shekharathinulla nidhikal kandethunnathinayi khananagal nadatthi. eee mekhalayile puraavastu sthalangaludeyum smaarakangaludeyum chittayaya anweshanam franch koonsal general francois poukvilleyum britiish nayathanthranjan-kenal vilyam martin leak etteduthittundu, iruvarum aaliyude kottaaratthil parichayappedutthappettu.
alii paasha kollapetta muun sanyaasam innu oru janapriya vinodasanjaara aakarshanamaan. vediyundakal kondu nirmmicha dwaarangal ippozhum kaanaan kazhiyum, koodaathe addehathinte niravadhi swakaarya vasthukkal ulppedunna oru museum aashramathil addehathinu samarppichittund.

