
enriq crass

meksikkan charitrakaaranum upanyasakanum edittarum samrambhakanumaan enriq kraus (jananam 1947 septambar 16). addeham irupathiladhikam pusthakangal ezhuthiyittundu, avayil chilath "mexico biography oof power", "redeemezhs", "ell pueblo soya yoo" ("njaan janangalaan") ennivayaanu. meksikkoyude charithrathekkurichu 500-ladhikam television paripaadikalum dokyumentarikalum addeham nirmmichittundu. vishalamaaya prekshakarilekku ethiya addehathinte jeevacharitraparavum charitraparavumaaya kruthikalum raashtreeyavum saahityaparavumaaya lekhanangalum addehathe prashasthanakki.
jeevithavum thozhilum.
meksikkoyile deseeya svayambharana sarvakalashaalayil ninnu (1965-1969) vyaavasaayika enchineeyaringil birudam nedi. ell kolajiyo dii meksikkoyile (1969-1974) charithrapadanakendrathil ninnu addeham charithratthil doktarettu nedi. meksikkan akkadami oof histtariyilum meksikkan naashanal collegilum (ell kolajiyo naashanal (meksikoo) amgamaanu. prasidheekarana sthaapanamaaya kliyoyude director saamskaarika maasikayaaya "letras librus" nte directorumaan addeham. 1968 leeii meksikkan prasthaanam aarambhikkunnathin thottumunbu enchiniyaring faakkaltti addehathe yooniversitti kaunsilaraayi thiranjedutthu. 1979ll addeham guggenheim fellowship nedi.
1977ll ell kolajiyo dii meksikkoyude professor gaveshakanumaayirunnu addeham; 1981lum 1983lum october muthal desember vare ooksfoordile sent aantoni kolejile athidhi professor; 1987 october muthal desember vare vudro vilson internaashanal sentar phoor scholarsile athidhi professor. athupole, 2013 sharathkaalath laattin american padanangalile prinsettan sarvakalaashaalayude prograamil visitting professoraayirunnu addeham.
24-aamm vayassil addeham "siemprey!" enna thante aadya prasidheekaranam nedi."" "laa saana vaii ell terror" "(" "dushtathayum bheekarathayum" ") enna thalakkettil prasidheekaricha maasika, corpus kristhyan vyaazhazhcha nadanna koottakkolayekkurichu (addeham athinu saakshyam vahichu) parayunnu". oru varshathinusesham addeham eksalsiyarinte prathimasa saamskaarika maasikayaaya "bahuvachanathil" sahakarikkaan thudangi. okdaaviyo paas kshanicha addeham 1977ll "vuelta" yill jolie cheyyaan thudangi. 1977 muthal 1981 vare edittoriyal sekrattariyaayum pinneedu 1981 muthal 1996 vare deputy director addeham 20 varshathilere "vueltta" yill sahakarichu.
1991ll addeham publishing hausum television nirmmathaavaaya cleo aarambhichu, athinte samvidaayakan thaanaan. 1999 muthal, okdaaviyo paasinte maranashesham, meksikoo, spain, oonlain bhashakalil pathippukalulla "vueltta" yude saamskaarika anantharaavakaashiyaaya "letras librus" addeham samvidaanam cheythu. 1985 muthal addeham "dhii nyoo republic", "dhii newyork review oof books", "dhii newyork times", "ell pies", "forma" ennivayude edittoriyal ezhuthukaaranaanu.
1990ll meksikkan akkadami oof histtariyil amgamaayi thiranjedukkappetta addeham 2005 muthal meksikkoyile collegio naashanal amgamaanu. mattu jolikalkoppam, instityootto serventes director board, televishayile director board, grupo financiero santander meksikkoyile (meksikkan baank) director board amgamaayirunnu..
jolie cheiyunnu.
pusthakangal.
addehathinte lekhanangal liberal essist shekharathile pengvin random house edittoriyal grouppinte debate label shekharichittundu, athesamayam addehathinte charitraparamaaya kruthikal tusket edittorukalude enriq kraasinte charitra library seereesinte bhagamaanu.
television.
2013ll 'reforma' yill prasidheekaricha 'laa misiyon dii laa television' (television mission) enna thalakkettilulla thante lekhanathil, moonnu pathittaandukalaayi thaan bandhappettirikkunna eee maadhyamathekkurichulla thante nilapad cross udharikkunnu 
1987ll philim production sentar nirmmikkukayum samsthaana network imevisian vazhi prakshepanam cheyyukayum cheytha "biographia dell podder" ("biography oof power") enna parambarayude rachayithaavaayi addeham televisionil arangettam kurichu. adutha varsham addeham bosttanil ninnulla blackwell korppareshanumaayi sahakarichu public broadcasting sarvees (dablyu. jii. bii. echu) nirmmicha meksikoo seereesinte upadeshtaavaayi sevanamanushtichu.
1994ll faustoo seron-madeenaykkoppam, porpherio diyaasinte jeevithathe adisthaanamaakki telesaykkaayi ernesto alonso nirmmicha ell vulo dell agula (kazhukante parakkal) enna peril addeham oru sopp ooppara ezhuthi, athil fabian robbles (yuva porpherio dias), humberto sooritta (porpherio dias), maanuval ojeda (pazhaya porpherio dias) enniva abhinayichu. 1998 muthal televishayude nettvarkkiloode ooppan televisionil aazhchathorum prakshepanam cheiyunna documental seereesaaya "meksikoo siglo XX", "meksikoo newo siglo" vaii "cleo tivi prasantayude nirmmaathaavaan crass.
sinima.
alvin echu. perlmutter, crass nirmmicha "athirthikalkkappuramulla, rekhakalillaatha meksikkan amerikkakkar" (2016), mica fink samvidaanam cheytha, swatantra ulppaadana fund (us), cleo (meksikoo), laa fabrica dii sini (meksikoo) ennivar chernnu nirmmichu. samvidaayakan carlos otteesayude (2018) "ell pueblo soya yoo, venezuvela enn populismo" enna dokyumentariyude executive nirmmaathaav koodiyaanu addeham.
cleo.
edittoriyal cleo, librose vaii veediyokal, ezz.eiii. dii sii.vii.meksikkoyude bhoothakaalavum varthamaanakaalavum pracharippikkukayenna lakshyathode 1991 ll emilio askarraga milmoyudeyum enriq crasseyudeyum munkaiyilaanu meksikoo janichathu, athu athinte peril charithratthinte myusinu adaranjali arppikkunnu.
1998 muthal oru prasidheekarana sthaapanamaayi kanakkakkappetta ithu "cleo tivi prasanta", "hassana, ell desport vaivu" ennee parambarakaliloode raajyathudaneelavum mattu deseeya anthardesheeya maadhyamangaliloodeyum thuranna prakshepanatthiloode aazhchathorum lakshakkanakkin veedukalil athunna dokyumentarikalude nirmmaanam aarambhichu.
cleo athinte charithrathiludaneelam 200 oolam achadicha sheershakangal prasidheekarikkukayum 500 ladhikam dokyumentarikal prakshepanam cheyyukayum cheythittundu.
"walta".
kavi okdaaviyo paas samvidaanam cheytha "vueltta" maasikayil 1976 desember ("cossio villegas aandu excelsier") enna aadya lakkathil enriq crass thante aadya lekhanam prasidheekarichu. 1977ll naalam lakkathil ninnu kraasine edittoriyal sekrattariyaayi niyamichu. 1981 muthal 1996 vare addeham deputy director sthaanam vahichu, oru pravartthana veekshanakonil ninnu addehathinte pankaalittham anivaryamaayirunnu, kaaranam addeham thante bhooribhaagam samayavum oru kambaniyenna nilayil "vuyeltha" munnott kondupokaan neekkivechu, ithu thudarchayum saambathika swaathanthryavum nalkikkond deerghakaala nilanilppilekku athicheraan anuvadichu. vueltta" enna lekhanathil irupathu varshathinide 60-ladhikam lekhanangal velicham veeshi, avayil vivaadaparamaaya "pore unaa democracia siin adjattivos" ("naamavaachakangalillaatha janaadhipathyathin"), "laa komadiya meksikkan dii carlos fuentus" (carlos fuentasinte meksikkan komadi) enniva meksikkan janaadhipathyatheyum saahityatheyum kurichu charcha cheythu.
"librus".
okdaaviyo paasinte maranashesham, 1998 epril 19 nuu, "vueltta" athinte chakram avasanippikkukayum enriq kraus athinte pingamiyude samghadana ettedukkukayum cheythu 1999 januvariyil athinte aadya lakkam prasidheekaricha prathimasa maasika "letras librus". rund varshathinu sesham, 2001 octoberil, addeham oru spanish pathipp (2014 ll speyinil vaayana prothsaahippichathinu deseeya sammanam labhicha) meksikkan pathippilekku chertthu.
"letras librus" 2020 februvari vare 254 lakkangal prasidheekarichu (spanish pathippil 221), maasikayude abhipraayathil, "aagola charchayude adiyanthiravum aavashyamaayathumaaya vishayangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan ettavum thilakkamulla manassukale athinte pejukalil vilikkunnu, athe samayam vaayanakkaarkk mikacha gadyathinteyum kavithayudeyum saambilukal nalkunnu."
adhikaarathinte vimarsanaathmaka avalokanam.
pathittaandukalaayi meksikkoyil svechaadhipathyamaayi svayam prayogichuvarunna adhikaarathinteyum presidentinte adhikaarathinteyum vimarsakanaayi enriq crass svayam visheshippichittundu. addehathinte charitraparamaaya kruthikal "siglo dii cadillos", "biographia dell podder", prathyekichu "laa presidentia imperial" (imperial presidency) enniva swaathanthryasamaram muthal carlos salinas dii gortariyude sarkkar vare adhikaaratheyum athinte chooshanangaleyum kurichulla vimarsanaathmaka avalokanamaayi vyaakhyaanikkaam.
1982 octoberil "vueltta" prasidheekaricha addehathinte lekhanam "ell timon vaii laa tormenta" ("chukkaniyum kodunkaattum"), meksikoo aazhathilulla saambathika prathisandhiyil veenappol president jose lopus porttilloyude vaakyathe soochippikkunnu "kodunkaattinalla, chukkaanikkutharavaadi njaanaan". athil, nilavile aarr varshathe kaalavadhi durupayogam cheyyal, athinte thidukkam pidicha saambathika nayangal, kappal thakarchayil athinte punk amgeekarikkaathathinte nirutharavaadittham, "oayil faronism", saamaanyavalkkarikkappetta azhimathi, prathisandhi ghattathil neethrthwakkuravu ennivaye addeham vimarshichu, ithu "rashtreeya swaathanthryam, avakashangal, ellaattinumupariyaayi janadhipathyam ennivaye bahumanikkaanum prayogikkaanum" meksikkoyude eaka charitraparamaaya oopshane adayaalappeduthi.
aaa paatatthe thudarnnu addeham president migual dii laa madrid harado bharanakaalathu "pore unaa democracia siin adjattivos" ("naamavaachakangalillaatha janaadhipathyathin") ("vueltta" 86, januvari 1984) prasidheekarichu, avide addeham janadhipathyam rajyath oru anukaranamaanennu nirddeshichu
naamavaachakangalillaatha oru janaadhipathyathin" "maanuval camacho solis (1984 meyy maasathil" "vueltta" "yude 90-aamm lakkathil" "janaadhipathya yuddham" "prasidheekaricha) vazhi sarkkaaril ninnu oru nishedham labhichu, koodaathe rolando cordera, carlos basdresh, raffel segovia, maanuval agvilar morah, edwardo vaali thudangiya budhijeevikalumaayi oru vivaadam srishtichu".
carlos salinas dii gortariyude sarkkaarinekkurich, thante lekhanamaaya "neoconservatives" ("reforma", epril 21,1996) ll kraus paranju, "svakaaryavalkkaranavum naam jeevikkunna lokath yojicha nadapadikalulla vadakke american swatantra vyapara karar", oru thurannathum aadhunikavumaaya lokam. ennaal salinas "dhaaraalam [aaa nadapadikal] lambavum svechaadhipathyaparavum vivechanaatheethavum vichitravumaaya reethiyil nadappaakki" ennu addeham choondikkaanikkunnu. ithinakam thakarnnupoya soshyalist padhathikku munnil "aaa parishkaarangalude uddeshyam" "irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil saadhyamaayath" "maathramaayi kraus kandu. ennirunnaalum, eee saambathika nayangalude amgeekaaram rashtreeya bhooprakrithiyil orupoleyayirunnilla
vivaadangal.
kraasinethiraaya vimarshanathinte uthbhavam addehathinte kruthiyude vividha vashangalilaan. charitra sidhaantham, vardhanavu, svayam-paraamarsikkunna udharanikal, gambheeramaaya "njangal", addehathinte vipulamaaya shaili ("unam, dvishathaabdi" ennivayil kaanunnathupole) ennivaykku academy apamaanikkunnathaan athilonnu. charitraparamaaya prakshubdhatha, "letras librus" 108, desember 2007).) athupole, charitraparamaaya lekhanangalodulla addehathinte thaalpparyavum, chithreekaricha pusthakangalum television dokyumentarikalum polulla kooduthal axus cheyyaavunna formaattukaliloode charithram prasidheekarikkalum. mattonn addehathinte udaaramaaya bodhyamaan, athu 1980kall muthal addeham nerittu, athu prii bharanakoodatthinte audyogikaavakaasham mathramalla, janaadhipathyathekkurichu addehathinte kazhchappaadumaayi poruthappedaattha dhaaraalam idathupaksha mekhalakalumaayi bandhappettathaan. eee vishayathekkurichu gabriel said ezhuthi
kraaseyude janapreethiyekkurichu saahitya niroopakanaaya christopher domingues maikkal ezhuthiyittundu
charitrakaaranaaya cladio lomnits addehathinte jeevacharitraparamaaya chaayvu choondikkaanichu "meksikkoyil manashaasthravum presidentinte vyakthithvavum charithratthinte gathiye nirnnayikkunnuvennu enriq crass ezhuthiya adhikaarathinte jeevacharithrangal vaadikkunnu". maruvashathu, charithrathe oru jeevacharitramaayi churukkuka asaadhyamaanennu kraus choondikkaanichu, pakshe "jeevacharitramillaathe, charitramilla", koodaathe "vyakthiyodulla addehathinte shradha naayakanmarodulla aaradhanayil ninnalla, marichu charithratthile aalukal vishalamaaya almaratta shakthikaleyum koottaaya asthithvangaleyumkkaal ethrayo kooduthalo pradhaanamaanenna bodhyathil ninnaan".
sameepa dashakangalil, andreyude maanuval lopus obradorine oru janakeeyavaadiyaayi chithreekaricha addeham addehathinte anuyaayikalkkidayil sakthamaaya prathikaranam srishtichu. 1980kalude avasaanathil meksikoo jeevikkaan thudangiya janaadhipathyavalkkarana prakriyayude prathirodhakanenna nilayil (1997leeii aadyathe kongras thiranjeduppil prathipakshatthinte aadhipathyathode ettavum pradhanappetta naazhikakkallukal kaivarichathum, meksikoo sitti (distritto federal) meyaraayi thiranjedukkappetta sthaanaarthiyumaaya cuhetemoc cardenas solorsano, athupole thanne 2000ll 71 varshathinide aadyathe president thiranjedukkappettathum audyogika partyaya visent phoox kwesadayil ninnallaathathum), 2006 leeii meksikkan pothutheranjeduppinu thottumunbu, cross "tropical messia" ("letras librus" 57, juun 2006) enna prabandham prasidheekarichu, athil addeham lopus obraadorinte manobhaavathe "janapriyan janakeeyan charismetic nethaavumaaya messianic, provincialist, aadhikaarika" ennu vimarshichu, athu enne janaadhipathya-ithara sthaapanangalilekku vyathichalippikkunnathinu oru pralobhanamaayi addeham kanakkakki. 
eee lekhanam vivaadangalkku kaaranamavukayum, tabascoyil ninnulla president sthaanaarthikkethiraaya "vrithiketta yuddha" thinte bhaagamaayi kraasine kuttappeduthukayum cheythu. thiranjeduppinu sheshamulla oru abhimukhathil, lopus obrador kraasine "valathupakshathinu poornnamaayum samarppithamaya pinthirippan pindam" ennu visheshippichu. charithrakaarante vimarshakaril chilar, victor emm. toledo, vamseeya munvidhikalode "bhayam srishtikkaan nirmmicha prathyayashaasthraparamaaya mondej" aayi lekhanathe vilayiruthi
ithinu marupadiyaayi, toladoyude vyaakhyaanam "lekhanathile medullar vishayamaaya amloyude messianism" ennathinekkurichulla eathenkilum paramarsham ozhivaakkiyathaayi kraus choondikkaatti, "ushnamekhalaa" naamavachakavum tabascan swabhaava savisheshathakalude vashangalum lopus obradorinte pusthakangalil ninnaan vannathennu choondikkaatti. thante ashayangaleyum rashtreeya nirddeshangaleyum kurichu bodhyappeduthunna oru avalokanam ezhuthunnathinupakaram" sthaanaarthiyude "manashaasthraparavum jeevacharitraparavumaaya oru chhaayaachitram" varaykkaan kraus theerumaanichuvennathu samshayaaspadamaanennu toledo prathikarichu, "athu" vyakthiparamaaya ayogyathayude rashtreeya adaarmika yudhathinte mattoru bhagamalla "ennu svayam chodichu.
2007ll charitrakaaranaaya lorenzo mayer addehathe munvarshathe thiranjeduppu prakriyayil pouranmaarkkidayil bhayam paratthiya budhijeevikalil oralaayi "prosesso" yill kuttappedutthi. lopus obradorine shikshikkuka maathramaan watermar svayam prathikarichathennu crass marupadi nalki.
laa maphia nose robo laa presidencia" (janakkoottam nammude presidency moshtichu) (grijalbo, 2007) enna thante pusthakatthil andrez maanuval lopus obrador charithrakaarane orikkalkkoodi paraamarshichu
ennirunnaalum, 2012 maarchil, prasidansikkaayulla thante randaamathe prachaaranatthinide (2006 leeii prachaaranathekkaal mithavum kuranja randy profileumaayi), lopus obrador oru swakaarya athaazhathil kraasumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi, avide addeham addehathodu paranju
2018 meyy maasathil thante moonnaamatheyum avasaanatheyum prachaaranathinideyundaaya ettumuttal oormmippichukondu kraus ingane vidhichu "shamikkanam, 'ushnamekhalaa mishihaya' thil njaan varacha addehathinte chhaayaachitram kaalakramena maathrame sthireekarichittulloo ennu enikku thonnunnu".
2018 leeii pothutheranjeduppil lopus obradorinte vijayathin sesham, enriq kraasaayirunnu sarkkaarinte aakramanangalude lakshyam. aadyathethu, lopus obradorinte prachaarana coordinatoor tattiyaana klauthiyar kaarilloyude "jundos hysimos historiya" (orumichu, njangal charithram srishtichu) (pengvin random house, 2019) enna pusthakatthil, soshyal media krithrimathvathiloode lopus obradorinte adhikaarathilekkulla uyarcha ozhivakkaan bisinesses thaalpparya grouppukalum budhijeevikalum nayicha oru prachaaranathekkurichulla aaropanamaayirunnu, athil crass ulppeduthanamaayirunnu. 2019 march 14 nuu "eje central" enna pathratthil eee vaartha kooduthal vishadamaayi parayukayum athinu kaambeyn berlin ooppareshan ennu peridukayum cheythu. charitrakaaranumaayulla vyakthiparamaaya ettumuttalinekkurichu anjjaatha srothass (pinneedu ricardo sevilla ennu thiricharinju) paranja samayat thaan meksikoo sittiyilallenn theliyicha "reforma" pathratthile ellah aaropanangalum crass nishedhichu. president lopus obrador eee kaaryam avasaanippichathaayi thonniyappol addeham paranju
pinneedu, 2019 meyy maasathil, republicinte presidential soshyal communication administration 2013 num 2018 num idayil federal gavanment "mediaykkum journalistukalkkum" nalkia peymentukalude apoornnamaaya oru listt prasidheekarichu (udaaharanathinu, prakshepakarkku nalkia paymentukal nashtappettu), athil crass, cleo, letras librus ennivayekkurichulla vivarangal ulppedunnu, muun bharanakoodangalil ninnulla sutharyamaaya sambhaavanakalekkaal kuranja gunabhokthakkalaayi avare choondikkaanikkunnu. cleo aandu letras liberus eee paymentukal, pablisity sevanangal, nirmmaana sevanangal ennivaykkulla kaaranam, audyogika prachaaranatthinaayi sarkkar chelavazhicha motham thukayumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol aaa thukayude praathinidhyatthinte abhavam enniva adayaalappeduthunna vishadeekaranangal prasidheekarichu.
2020 juun 4 nuu, jalisco samsthaana sarkkar gwadalajara nagaratthil sakthamaaya prathishedhavumaayi poraadi. covid-19 mahamari loock daun samayat pheys mask dharikkaathathinu extlahuvaakkan dii loss membrillosile munisippal police thadavilaakkukayum marddikkukayum cheythathinu kazhinja maasam jiovanni lopasinte kolapathakamaanu parathikkulla kaaranam. kuttakrithyatthil ninnu svayam verpirinjathinushesham (munisippal police thante niyanthranathilallennu vaadichu), govarnor enriq alfaro ramiras president andrez maanuval lopus obradorineyum addehathinte partyaya morena prathishedhatthinu pinnil aanennu aaropichu. pittennu, prathishedhangalil federal gavanmentil ninnulla nuzhanjukayattathe alfaro apalapichathine prathirodhichukondu enriq crass oru tweet ezhuthi
athinu munbu, juun 6 nuu, minaattitlaaniloodeyul oru paryadanatthinide, pathonpathaam noottaandile yaadhaasthithika ezhuthukaaranum charitrakaaranum raashtreeyakkaaranumaaya lucas alamaanumaayi kraasinte peru kalarthi lopus obrador prakadippichu
manikkoorukalkk sesham kraus tweet cheythu

