
haakkon nuna

1945 muthal 1969 vare norwegian laber party party sekrattariyaayi sevanamanushticha oru norwegian raashtreeyakkaaranaayirunnu haakkon steen lye (septambar 22,1905-meyy 25,2009). eliya uthbhavathil ninnu vanna addeham cherupraayatthil thanne thozhil prasthaanatthil earppedukayum party samvidaanathil vegathil uyarukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu prathirodha prasthaanathinum naadukadatthappetta sarkkarinum vendi sajeevamaayi pravarthicha sesham, yudhathinushesham partyile randaamathe uyarnna sthaanathekku addeham thiranjedukkappettu, addehathinte adhikaarathilirunna varshangal party charithratthile ettavum vijayakaramaayirunnu.
laber party norwegian kshemaraashtrathinteyum yudhaananthara vijayathinte silpiyaayi ainar gerhardsonotoppam nunayum parakke kanakkaakkappedunnu. athesamayam, norwegian prathipaksha pramukharude, prathyekichu kammyoonistukaarude nireekshanam samghadippichathinum addeham vimarsanathinu vidheyanaayirunnu. thante nooram janmadinathinusheshavum norwegian pothujeevithatthil sajeevamaayi thudarnna addeham 2008-ll thante 103-aamm janmadinam "slick jegg serr dettu naa" (njaan ippol kaanunnathupole) enna puthiya jeevacharithrathinte prakaashanathode aakhoshichu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1905 septambar 22 nuu ooslooyil (annu christiania ennu peritta) finnish vamshajaraaya oru kudumbatthil janicha addeham "haakkon steen lye" enna jnjaanasnaanamettu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu addeham pinneedu aksharavinyasam "haakkon" ennu maatti. pithaav fireman andreas lye (1870-1942), amma veettamma carren halvorsdaattar gunderud (1871-1952) ennivaraayirunnu. thante kuttikkalam santhushtamaayirunnuvennu addeham visheshippichenkilum, addehathinte kudumbam daridramaayirunnu, 1916 vare addehathinte pithaavin aazhchayil 120 manikkoor jolie cheyyendivannu. maathaapithaakkal, rund sahodaranmaar, rund sahodarimaar ennivarodoppam, oru muriyum adukkalayum pankittukondu pithaavinte fayar steshanilaanu addeham valarnnathu. haanshougan ayalpakkangal. 1921ll pathinaram vayassil lye thozhilaalli prasthaanatthil earppettu.
ivide addeham thante aajeevanantha suhruthukkaleyum sahapravarthakareyum kandumutti martin tranmel, ooskaar torp, ainar gerhardson. laber party 1923ll moonnaamathe communist internaashanal upekshichu puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya communist party sheshikkunna soshyal demokraattukalum thammil vibhajikkappettappol, nuna pinneedulla vibhaagathil avasaanichu. rund vibhaagangalum thammilulla kayperiya kalahangal addehathinte aajeevanantha communist virudha nilapaadine shakthamayi swaadheenichu.
aadyakaala currier.
aadyam molergaatta praadhamika vidyaalayathilum pinneedu ila praadhamika vidyaalayathilum chernna sesham 1925-ll secondary schoolil ninnu birudam nediya addeham 1927-ll sarvakalashaala patanam upekshichu (congsburghile stettu school oof foresteryil chernna sesham) oru vyavasaya thozhilaalliyaayi hraswakaalam pravarthicha addeham oru foresteraayi. eee thozhilil addeham santhushtanaayirunnu, ennaal 1927-ll kshayarogathethudarnnu athu upekshikkendivannu, party sekrattariyaayi pravartthikkaan thudangi. 1931ll thozhilaallivarggathil vidyaabhyaasam prolsaahippikkunnathi aduthide srishticha sthaapanamaaya "aarbeedens ooplisnings forbandinte" (thozhilaallikalude vivarasamooham) nethaavaayi addehathe niyamichu. thante kariyarile ettavum abhimaanakaramaaya nettamaayi nuna ithine visheshippichu.
1930kalude thudakkathil addeham naasi jarmmaniyilekkum soviyatt unionilekkum yaatra cheythu. phaasist, communist ennee svechaadhipathya rajyangalumaayulla addehathinte anubhavam, lalithamaaya valath/idathu ennathinekkaal janadhipathyam/svechaadhipathya vairudhyathekkurichu addehathinte rashtreeya veekshanam shakthippeduthaan sahayichu. 1936-39 leeii spanish aabhyantharayudhasamayathu, faasisttukalodu pooraadunnavarkku sahayam samghadippikkaan addeham sahayikkukayum 1936-37 shaithyakaalath addeham raajyam sandarshikkukayum cheythu. oru ghattathil muun samadhaanavaada nunakalum samgharshathil sajeevamaayi pankedukkaan parakkal paadangal padichuvenkilum eee padhathi orikkalum nadappakkappettilla.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
1940 eprilil norway jarmmani aakramichappol, raajyathe vividha sthalangalil ninnulla soujanya radio prakshepanangalude chumatala etteduthukondu nuna udan thanne prathirodham samghadippikkaan thudangi. rund maasatholam eee jolie addehathe norwayil nirantharam sanjarippichu, 1940 juun 7 nuu haakkon VII rajaavum sarkkarum raajyam vittu landanilekku poyappol, takarnna traansmittarin pakaram addeham vaadsayilaayirunnu. eee ghattathil kooduthal prakshepanangal asaadhyamaayitheerukayum nunaykku thekkott, finlandiloodeyum sweedaniloodeyum ooslooyilekku pokendivarikayum cheythu. pradhaanamaayum pathrangal achadikkukayum vivarangal pracharippikkukayum cheythukondu addeham ivide bhoogarbha thozhil prasthaanatthil earppettu.
1941 juunil soviyatt unionile jarmman adhiniveshathinu sesham norwayile adhinivesha adikaaram prathipakshatthinethire kooduthal sakthamaaya nadapadiyedukkaan thudangi. paal reshanu vendiyulla septambarile panimudakku rund thozhil nethaakkalaaya vigo haansteen, rolph wixtrom ennivare arast cheyyaanum vadhikkanum kaaranamaayi. ithinethudarnnu niravadhi unnatha arasttukal-avayil ainar gerhardson ulppedunnu-nunakalkk raajyam videndivannu. jarmmankaar thanne arast cheiyunnathinu manikkoorukalkk munbu addeham veettil ninnu puratthirangi. sweedenil ninnu addeham yunaittad kingdatthilekku pooyi, avide addeham naadukadatthappetta norwegian thozhil prasthaanatthinte prachaarana sekrattariyaayi landanil pravarthichu. pinthunayum saambathika sahayavum shekharikkunnathinaayi addeham amerikkayilekku rund thavana sandarshanam nadatthi, aadyamaayi newyork nagaratthil ninnu siyaattililekk pooyi, avide padinjaaru ninnu kizhakkan theerathekku kaanadayiloode yaatra cheiyunnathinu munbu niravadhi prabhaashanangalum radio abhimukhangalum nadatthi. randaamathe yaatra nayatantra padaviyulla oru laber attaashe enna nilayilaayirunnu. haakkon pravaasathilaayirunnappol, oru thozhil pravartthakan koodiyaayirunna addehathinte sahodaran perr 1942 ll norwayil arasttilaayi. addehathe jayililadaykkukayum oduvil dachavuvilekku ayaykkukayum cheythu, avide 1945 maarchil typhoid panii baadhichu addeham marichu.
party sekrattari.
1945 juun 20nuu norwayilekku nuna thirichetthi. athe varsham laber party deseeya kanvenshanil addeham party sekrattariyaayi thiranjedukkappettu. gerhardson chairman pradhaanamantriyum aayappol, kramena "raashtrapithaav" ("landsfederen") enna thante punk etteduthu, party achadakkam nilanirthukayum pashchaathalatthil rashtreeya thanthram roopappeduthukayum cheythu. party thalavanayirikke, 1945,1949,1953,1957 thiranjeduppukalil samboornna paarlamentari bhooripaksham nediya addeham thudarnnulla varshangalil party kaivarikkaanirunna pradhana sthaanam krameekarikkaan sahayichu. yudhaananthara varshangalude punarnirmmaana velayil, party kooduthal mithamaaya paathayilekku nayikkaan addeham sahayichu. vyavasaayathinte svakaaryavum pothu udamasthathayum ippol oru prathyayashaasthraparamaaya chodyathekkaal praayogikamaayitheernnu. eee nayam valare vijayakaramaanennu thelinju; addehathinte bharanakaalathu raajyam abhoothapoorvamaaya valarchayum thozhilaalivarggathinte mechappetta saahacharyangalum anubhavichu.
communist virudha nireekshanam.
polland, checoslovakia, hungery ennividangalile saamoohika-janaadhipathya paarttikale yudhaananthara soviyatt adichamarthiyathiloode nuna vyakthiparamayi elakimarichirunnu. moonnaam vazhi upayogichu soviyatt unione tittoo parasyamaayi ethirthathinu sesham yugoslavian nethaavu josip broze tittoye "kammyoonisathinte martin luther" aayi addeham kandu. taitto-staalin vibhajanathethudarnnu soviyattukal yugoslavia uparodham aarambhichappol, norwayil ninnulla samghaditha maanushika sahaaya kappalukal. abhipraaya sarvekal 15.4% aayi vardhichathode, mosco anukoola norwegian communist party (enn. keey. pii) idathu vottarmaarkkidayil pinthuna nedunnu ennathaayirunnu mattoru aashanka. addeham paranjathupole "samadhaanathinteyum soshyalisathinteyum naadu enna nilayil soviyatt yooniyante kettukadhaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla votting aayirunnu athu-thakarkkenda oru kettukatha". eee kaalayalavilaanu trade union sentarinte pinthunayode norwegian communistukalkku kaaryamayathum vishalavumaaya nireekshanam earppeduthiyathu (pinneedu oru sarkkar kammittiyaaya lund kammeeshan niyamavirudhamennu karuthiya oru sambradaayam).
communism janaadhipathyathinum partic bheeshaniyaanennu avakaashappett, "laber party oru mosham njaayarazhcha schoolalla!" ennu prasiddhamaayi paranjukondu, thante kadutha thanthrangale svayam nyaayeekarichu. (). addehathinte lakshyathe sahaayicha baahya sambhavangalum undaayirunnu. 1947ll amgeekaricha marshell padhathiyum 1949 muthal naattoyile norwegian amgathvavum raajyathe americayumaayi kooduthal aduppichu. athesamayam, 1968-leeii checoslovakiayile soviyatt adhinivesham soviyatt union prathinidheekarikkunna bhishaniye prakadamaakki. ennittum americaye pinthunaykkunnathil nuna shakthamaayirunnu, laber paarttikkullile mikkavarekkaalum addehathinte communism virudhatha kooduthal theevramaayirunnu.
1961ll, munbu party pathramaya "ooriyantaring" neey kendreekarichirunna oru idathupaksha pilarpp samgham pirinju soshyalist peeples party (sf) ennariyappedunna oru puthiya party roopeekarikkaan theerumaanichu. pinneedu 1961leeii thiranjeduppil laber partic bhooripaksham nishedhikkukayum raajaavinte bay afayerinte falamaayi moonnaamathe manthrisabhaye thaazheyirakkukayum cheythu.
gerhardsonumaayi tharkkikkunnu.
athesamayam, nunayum gerhardson thammilulla bandham kooduthal thanuthathaayi. soviyatt unionode valareyadhikam anubhaavamulla bhaarya vernayude swaadheenam kaaranam (chilar aval oru keey. jii. bii vivaraavakaashiyaanennu polum avakaashappedunnu) gerhardson bhaagikamaayi sovietinode kooduthal yojichavaraayi maarukayayirunnu. kammyoonistukaarkkum soviyatt anubhavikalkkumethiraaya nunakalkkulla kadinamaaya thanthrangalilum kendrakammittikkullil videsanaya charchaye adichamarthaanulla shramangalilum gerhardson kooduthal kooduthal niraashanaayirunnu. trigway kaalayeppolulla pradhana idathupakshakkaare samrakshikkunna gerhardsen dambathikalekkurichu addeham manassilakkiyathil addehathinte bhaagathuninnu nuna kooduthal prakopithamaayi. kaalayude abhipraayathil, nunayum gerhardson 1957 nuu sesham parasparam samsaarichilla.
1967leeii deseeya party kanvenshanil gerhardson nunakale parasyamaayi aakramichu, athinodu nuna prathikarichathaayi reportund, oru paine pole ("jegg scall nekke deey soam enn luus") gerhardsne thakarkkumenn bheeshanippedutthi. jerhardson pinneedu aakramanathil khedikkukayum pinneedu mapp paranju oru kathu ayaykkukayum cheythu-athinu jerhardson orikkalum marupadi nalkiyilla. 1969ll party sekrattari sthaanam raajivacha jerhardson athe varsham sajeeva raashtreeyathil ninnu viramichu. muun prathirodha mantri jenz kristhyan hageyude nirddeshaprakaaram 1985 vare iruvarum audyogikamaayi anurajanam nadatthi.
pinneedulla jeevitam.
party raashtreeyathil ninnu viramichathinusheshavum nooram vaarshikathinusheshavum oru pothu vyaakhyaathaavaayum raashtreeyathilum nuna sajeevamaayi thudarnnu. 1970 kalude thudakkathil addeham iii. iii. siyil norwegian amgathvathinaayulla parajaya prachaaranatthinu neethrthwam nalkukayum 2000 ll deseeya enna kambaniyaaya staattoyilinte svakaaryavalkkaranam thadayunnathinulla oru poraattatthinu neethrthwam nalkukayum cheythu. nilavile anthaaraashtra sambhavangalekkurichu update cheyyaanulla addehathinte munganana reethi "saambathika shaasthranjan" enna vaarthayude prathivaara vaayanayiloodeyaayirunnu.
amerikkayile jootha thozhil nethaakkalil ninnu labhicha pinthunayaal swaadheenikkappetta addeham israel bharanakoodatthinte pinthunakkaaranaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum israel sarkkar paalastheeniyarodulla nilavile perumaattattheyum vestt baankinte kudiyettattheyum addeham valareyadhikam vimarshikkunnu.
huram vyoma duranthatthil 28 kuttikal thakarnnathinte smaranaykkaayi "moshav norge" (yanuvu ennathilekku maattam) enna israeli vaasasthalam nirmmikkunnathinulla ooppareshan donner fandukal lye aarambhichu.
vivaadaparamaaya oormmakkurippukal ulppede niravadhi pusthakangal addeham rachichu...("...njaan athine kaanunna reethiyil, "1975), athil addeham gerhardsne shakthamayi aakramichu. thante upadeshtaavu martin tranmailinte "ettu baal avu vilje", "veeviseren" ("dridanishchayathinte oru deepasthambham", 1988, "dhii pathfinder", 1991) ennee rund vaalyangalulla jeevacharitravum addeham ezhuthi. parambaraagathamaayi amerikkayumaayulla sahakaranathinte sakthamaaya vakthavaaya 2008-ll 103-aamm vayassil puratthirakkiya thante ettavum puthiya pusthakatthil, nordic rajyangal thammilulla suraksha sahakaranm vardhippikkanamennu addeham ahvaanam cheyyukayum us nirmmicha joyint strike faittarinu pakaram norway sweedish jaas grippen vimanam vaanganamenn vaadikkukayum cheythu. 
1970ll party sekrattariyaayi viramicha sesham vanamekhalayodulla abhinivesham punaraarambhikkaan kazhiyunna oru bhagam addeham swanthamaakki. varshangalolam addeham thante shaithyakaalam yuu. ezz. samsthaanamaaya floridayil chelavazhichuvenkilum oduvil sthiramaayi norwayilekku madangi.
deerghakaala asukhathe thudarnnu 2009 meyy 25nuu 103-aamm vayassil lye antharichu. aarumasam munbu addeham ashupathriyil praveshippikkappettirundu.
norwegian thozhil prasthaanatthile israayelinte suhruthukkal (norveejiyan vennar avu israel aii norsk arbiderbevegals) israelil addehathinte smaranaykkaayi oru vanam nattupidippichu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
lye randuthavana vivaham kazhichu-aadyam 1929 ll laber yoothu prasthaanatthile oru koottaaliyaaya ragnild halvorsen (1905-91). 1951ll avar vivaahamochanam nedi, kaaranam addeham amerikkayil aayirunnappol miinii doctormane kandumutty, addeham thante bhaavi bhaaryayaayitheerukayum athuvazhi oru azhimathi srishtikkukayum cheythu. 1952ll addeham miinii doctormane vivaham kazhichu (1912-99). addehathinu moonnu penmakkalundu; aadya bhaaryayude grow (1932-), tourid (1938-), randaamathe bhaaryayude karen (1952). koodaathe anchu perakkuttikaleyum aarr perakkuttikaleyum addeham upekshichu.

