
agra gharaana

nauhar baaniyil ninnu uthbhavicha hindusthaani shaasthreeya samgeethathinte paarambaryamaanu agra gharaana. ithuvare, dalhiyile alavuddin khilji chakravartthiyude bharanakaalathu eiii. dii 1300-ll nauhar baniye kandethiyittundu.
eee paarambaryatthile aadyathe ariyappedunna samgeethajnjan nayak gopaalaan. aaa samayat gharaanayil prachaaratthilundaayirunna shaili "dhrupad-dhamarh" aayirunnu. gagge khudaabuks (1790-1880 AD) gwaaliyorile nadan paribakshil ninnu padicha "khayaal" shailiyilulla agra gharanaye agra garaanayilekku avatharippichu.
pedagogical vamshavali.
vilaayath hussain khaanum younus hussain khaanum rekhappeduthiya vivaranangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu thaazhepparayunna bhoopadangal.
savisheshathakal verthirikkunnu.
agra gharaanayile gaayaki (aalapana shaili) khayaal gaayaki, dhrupad-dhamarh ennivayude samyojanamaanu. parisheelanatthil, khayaal, dhrupad gadakangal randum kaikorth pravartthikkunnu, avaa otappetta reethiyil padippikkunnilla. khyal gayakiyil saadhaaranayaayi kaanunnathinekkaal kooduthal shakthavum vishalavumaaya shabdaprakshepavum athupole thanne thurannathum nagnavumaaya (grays nottukal illaathe) svarangal ucharikkukayum cheyyanamennu aavashyappedunna agra gharaanayude svarangal alapikkunna reethiyil ninnu ithu vyakthamaan.
agra gharaanayile kalakaaranmaarude mikka khayaal prakadanangalum aarambhikkunnath agra gharaanayude savisheshamaaya paarambaryamaaya toom alaappil ninnaan. oru raagathinte vividha vashangal bandishinte sahaayathode pradharshippikkumbol ragam vishadamaakkunnu.
swarashabdamaaya "eiii" yude paranna pathippine aasrayikkunna oru tharam shabdanirmmaanam gharaana sweekarikkunnu, ithu athinte samgeethathe thaalaparamaaya vyathiyaanangalkk anuyojyamaakkukayum aazhathilulla pullinga shabdathinu ettavum anuyojyamaakkukayum cheiyunnu. dheeravum poornnamaayathum karuthuttathumaaya shabda nirmmaanathinu oonnal nalkukayum thaazhnna rejisttaril (mandra) paadunnathu ishtappedukayum cheiyunnu. athinte dhrupadi uthbhavavumaayi poruthappedunna gayakar vishalavum shakthavumaya alankaarangal (), vipulamaaya glydeukal (), svarangalude anuranana ucharanangal enniva upayogikkunnu. gwalior gharaanayilennapole, agra gayakar bandishinteyum athinte chittayaya prakadanatthinteyum praadhaanyam oonnipparayunnu. fayaz khaante shaili pinthudarunna gayakar bandish aalapikkunnathin munbu dhrupadik noom-toom alap avalambikkunnu. eee gharaanayile gayakar thaala gadakathil valia vaidagdhyamullavaraanu. vaasthavathil, gayakar bandishinte kettidam nirmmikkunna aditharayaanu layakari. shrothaakkalil prathekshakal valarthiyedukkunnathiloodu agra gayakar aakaamkshayode kaathirikkunnu, athupole thanne avarude mikacha vazhikalum athilekku athunnu.
thom alap, khayaal, tumri, tappa, tarana, horry ennivaykkoppam dhrupad-dhamarh paadunnathu thudarunna oreyoru gharaanayaanith.