maria sandell

oru sweedish tekstail thozhilaalliyum ezhuthukaariyum feministum saamoohika vimarsakayumaayirunnu maria gustafwa albertina sandell (1870-1927). stockhomil janicha avar 12-aamm vayassil school vidaan nirbandhitharaakukayum kudumba varumanathinaayi sambhavana nalkunnathinaayi jolie cheyyaan thudangukayum cheythu. aupachaarika vidyaabhyaasathinte abhavam undaayirunnittum avar niravadhi jenalukalkkaayi lekhanangal ezhuthukayum pinneedu swantham novalukal prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. thozhilaallivarggathinte fredrica breemeraayi palappozhum kanakkaakkappedunna avarude kruthikal saamoohika vyaakhyaanamaanu, prathyekichu thozhilaallivargathile sthreekalude avasthayekkurichullathanu.
jeevitam.
1870 epril 30 nuu sweedante stockhomil avivahithayaaya oru ammaykku maria sandell janichu. avalude amma maria charlota killender oru thunnalkkaariyumaayirunnu, avalude pithaav kaal gustaf sandell oru veettujolikkaaranaayirunnu. daaridryathil janicha avar kungsholmenil valarukayum 12-aamm vayassil school vidaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythu. 17-aamm vayassil, kudumbatthinte saambathika sammarddam marikadakkaan avar oru veettujolikkaariyaayi jolie cheyyaan amerikkayilekku pooyi. amerikkayil naalu varshathe thaamasakaalathu avar engleesh, jarmman, franch bhashakal padikkukayum eee bhashakalil ezhuthiya saahithyakruthikal vaayikkaan avare praaptharaakkukayum cheythu. 25-aamm vayassil, sandell avalude ammayeppole badhirayayi, iruvarum oru ksheera kada nadatthi, athu pinneedu adachupoottaan nirbandhithamaayi. 1908 muthal avar maribergsgattayile oru cheria vasathiyil ottaykku thamasikkaan thudangi.
nordstjernaan" jenalil lekhanangal prasidheekarichukondaanu sandell thante ezhuthu jeevitam aarambhichath. taamasiyaathe avar "soshyal-demokraattan" polulla mattu pathrangalilum sambhavana nalkaan thudangi. 1904-ll anna sterkkiyumaayi chernnu avar "morgonbris"-nte sthaapaka edittaraayi. avar stockholms oolmanna quinnoclub (public womens club) amgamaayi cherukayum thozhilaallikalude prasthaanathekkurichu cherukathakalum kavithakalum ezhuthaan thudangukayum cheythu. 1908-ll, munbu niravadhi jenalukalil prasidheekaricha cherukathakalude samahaaramaaya "vidu swaltgransen" enna aadya pusthakam avar puratthirakki. avar thudarnnu thante randaamathe novalaaya familijen vinch puratthirakki. adutha varsham "enn bookk oom verkstadsgosar oochu fabrixflicker". fackforeningernass tricheriactibolag vazhiyaan ithu prasidheekarichathu. bonier abb publishing house kurachu varshangalkk sesham pusthakatthinte oru puthiya pathipp puratthirakki, ithu oru pradhana prasidheekarana sthaapanam prasidheekarikkunna aadyathe thozhilaallivarga ezhuthukaaril oralaayi sandell maari.
sandalinte novalukal kooduthalum saamoohika vyaakhyaana kruthikalaayirunnu. daaridryam, sthreesamarangal, saamoohika sthareekaranam ennivayude kadutha vimarsakayaayirunnu avar. stockhominte daridra mekhalakalekkurichum samoohathinullil pinnakkam nilkkunna, kashtappedunna, daridraraaya sthreekalude jeevithathekkurichum avar thante kruthikalil eduthukaanichu. swantham jeevitashailiyil ninnu udaledutha roshavum thozhilaalivarggakkaar jeevichirunna saahacharyangalum avarude kruthikalkku vishayamaayi maari. vottavakaasham, sthreekale chooshanam cheiyunnathum adichamarthunnathum, avar abhimukheekaricha mosham thozhil saahacharyangal, niyamavirudhamaaya garbhachhidram, veshyaavrithi, madyapaanam, avivahithayaaya ammamar enniva aavarthichulla vishayangalil ulppedunnu. oru udaaharanam avarude 1924 leeii novalaanu. avarude chila kruthikal sthree aikyadaartyam, abhimaanam, pankaalittham ennivayude parisarangalil ninnu varachathaan.
1927ll stockhomil vachu maria sandell marichu.

