
plasmonic metaametteeriyal

prakrithiyil kaanaatha opttikkal gunangal nedaan uparithala plaasmonukal upayogikkunna oru metaametteeriyalaanu plasmonic metaametteeriyal. loha-dialectric vasthukkalumayulla prakaashatthinte prathipravartthanathil ninnaan plaasmonukal uthpaadippikkunnathu. prathyeka saahacharyangalil, uparithala plaasmon polarittanukal (spps) ennariyappedunna svayam nilanirthunnathum pracharippikkunnathumaaya vaidyuthakaanthika tharamgangal srishtikkunnathinaayi uparithala plaasmonukalulla insident laitt jodikal. vikshepichukazhinjaal, ezz. pii. pii. kall mettal-dialectric interfasiloode tharamgamaakunnu. insident laittumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, tharamgadairkhyathil ezz. pii. pii. kall valare cheruthaanu.
loha-dialectric komposittukalude savisheshamaaya ghadanayil ninnaan eee savisheshathakal uthbhavikkunnath, upa tharamgadairkhya doorangalaal verthirikkapetta prakaashatthinte tharamgadairkhyathekkaal cheria savisheshathakal. atharam metaametteeriyalil adikkunna prakasham uparithala plaasmon polarittanukalaayi parivartthanam cheyyappedunnu, avaa insidant prakaashathekkaal tharamgadairkhyathil cheruthaanu.
plasmonic vasthukkal.
negatteevu riyal permittivitti prakadippikkunna lohangalo lohangal polulla vasthukkalo aanu plasmonic vasthukkal. ettavum saadhaaranamaaya plasmonic vasthukkal svarnnavum velliyumaanu. ennirunnaalum, mattu pala vasthukkalum nirddishta tharamgadairkhya shrenikalil lohampolullah opttikkal gunangal kaanikkunnu. kuranja nashtavum tyoon cheyyaavunna opttikkal gunangalum prakadippikkunna plasmonic vasthukkal nirmmikkunnathin vividha gaveshana grouppukal vyathyastha sameepanagal pareekshikkunnu.
negatteevu soochika.
1967ll russian saidhaanthika bhauthikashaasthranjanaaya victor veselago aadyamaayi nirddeshicha vasthukkalude saakshaathkaaramaanu plasmonic mettaamatteeriyalukal. idathu kaii allengil negatteevu soochika metteeriyalukal ennum ariyappedunna veselago avaa glass allengil vaayuvinte opttikkal gunangalkk vipareethamaayi pradarshippikkumennu sidhaanthichu. negatteevu soochika metteeriyalukalil oorjjam avaykku samaantharamaayi pookunnathinupakaram tharamgamukhangal pracharippikkunnathin vipareeta dishayilekku kondupookunnu, positteev soochika metteeriyalukalil ullathupole.
saadhaaranayaayi, vaayuvil ninnu vellathilekku sanjarikkunna prakasham saadhaarana (uparithalathinu lambamaya oru thalam) kadannupokukayum vellathilekku praveshikkukayum cheyyumbol valayunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, vaayuviloode negatteevu soochikayil athunna prakasham saadhaarana nilaye marikadakkilla. pakaram, athu vipareeta dishayilekku valayum.
microwave, infrared freekwansikalil negatteevu refraction aadyamaayi report cheyyappettu. opttikkal shreniyile negatteevu refractive soochika aadyamaayi 2005 ll shalev mattullavarum pradharshippichu. (telecom tharamgadairkhyathil λ = 1.5 micrometer), brook muthalaayava. (λ = 2 micrometer) eathaandu ore samayam. 2007ll california instittyoott oof teknolajiyum nisttum thammilulla sahakaranathode irumaanangalil drishyaprakaashathinte negatteevu refraction, idungiya baand report cheythu.
eee prathikaranam srishtikkunnathinu, lohangalude uparithalathil saadhaaranayaayi uyarnnathum vaathakam polulla chaarjukalulla (plaasmonukal) insidant laitt jodikal. eee phottoon-plaasman edapedal theevravum praadeshikavalkkarikkadu opttikkal feeldukal srishtikkunna espipikalkk kaaranamaakunnu. lohav insulettarum thammilulla interfacil tharamgangal parimithappedutthiyirikku. eee idungiya chaanal oru parivartthana maargganirddeshamaayi varthikkunnu, athu phalatthil, incoming prakaashatthinte tharamgadairkhyathe athinte yadhaartha moolyathinte oru bhaagathekku keniyil pedutthukayum churukukayum cheiyunnu.
mettaametteeriyalukal ulkkollunna nanomechanical sisttangal negatteevu radiation marddam prakadippikkunnu.
refraction positteev soochikayulla parambaraagatha vasthukkalil veezhunna prakasham positteev marddam cheluthunnu, athaayath athinu oru vasthuvine prakasha srothassil ninnu akattaan kazhiyum. ithinu vipareethamaayi, prakashikkunna negatteevu soochika mettaametteeriyalukal oru vasthuvine prakaashatthilekku valikkunna negatteevu marddam srishtikkum.
trimana negatteevu soochika.
computer simulationukal moonnu alavukalil negatteevu soochikayulla plasmonic mettaametteeriyalukal pravachikkunnu. multilayer nerttha philim nikshepam, focused ayoon beam milling, svayam assembly enniva saadhyathayulla fabrication reethikalil ulppedunnu.
gradient soochika.
gradient soochika upayogichu pii. emm. emm. nirmmikkam (vasthuvinte neelatthilo pradeshatho kramena refractive soochika vyathyaasappedunna oru vasthu). electron beam lithography vazhi pii. emm. emm. eiii ennariyappedunna oru thermoplastic swarnna uparithalathil nikshepikkunnathu ulppedunna atharamoru vasthu.
hyperbolic.
hyperbolic mettaametteeriyalukal prakasham oru dishayiloode kadannupokumbol oru lohamayum prakasham lambamaya dishayil kadannupokumbol oru dialectric poleyum pravartthikkunnu, ithine extream anisotropy ennu vilikkunnu. padaarthatthinte chitharal bandham oru hyperboloid roopappeduthunnu. bandhapetta tharamgadairkhyam thathwathil ananthamaayi cheruthayirikkaam. aduthide, drishyamaaya mekhalayile hyperbolic metaasarfesukal lithographic saankethikavidyakal upayogichu velli allengil swarnna nanostructureukal upayogichu pradarshippichittundu. report cheyyappetta hyperbolic upakaranangal sensingin imajinginum onniladhikam pravartthanangal kaanichu, udha.jii., defraction-free, negatteevu refraction, mechappetta plaasmon resonance efakttukal enniva avayude athulyamaaya opttikkal gunangalaal prapthamaakkunnu. 
kwaandam information aaplikkeshanukalkkaayi samyojitha opttikkal mettaa sarcuteukal nirmmikkunnathinum eee nirddishta gunangal valare aavasyamaanu.
isotropy.
srishticha aadyathe mettaamatteeriyalukal plaasmanukalil avayude phalangalil anisotropy pradarshippikkunnu. aii.iii.avar oru dishayil maathrame pravartthikkoo.
aduthide, gaveshakar 40 digri insident angle vare eathu dishayilum thirikkumbol isotropy pradarshippikkunna trimana splitt-ring resonatorukal srishtikkaan oru puthiya selph-folding saankethikavidya upayogichu. polymer/silikkan substratil nikshepikkunna nikkalinteyum svarnnathinteyum strippukal vaayuvilekku thurannukaattunnath mechanical stressukale strippukale valayangalayi churuttanum resonatorukal roopappeduthaanum anuvadichu. strippukal parasparam vyathyastha konukalil krameekarichukondu, 4 madangu samamiti kaivarichu, ithu resonatorukale onniladhikam dishakalil efakttukal srishtikkaan anuvadichu.
vasthukkal.
silikkan sandwich.
nerttha paalikalulla sandwich polulla nirmmaanathilaanu drishyaprakaashathinulla negatteevu refraction aadyam nirmmichathu. silikkan nitridinte oru insulating sheett velliyude oru philim kondu moodukayum mattonn svarnnathinte adibhaagathu pathikkukayum cheythu. nirnaayaka maanam paalikal kanam aanu, athu neela, pacha prakaashatthinte tharamgadairkhyathinte oru bhaagamaayi samgrahikkunnu. oru aii. sii. chippile samyojitha opttiksil eee metaametteeriyal ulppeduthunnathiloode, neela, pacha aavruthikalil negatteevu refraction pradharshippichu. koottaaya phalam prakaashathodulla thaarathamyena pradhanappetta prathikaranamaanu.
graphene.
niyar feeld infrared opttikkal microscopy teknikkukalum infrared spectroscopy vazhi nireekshikkappedunna uparithala plaasmanukalum graphene ulkkollunnu. opttikkal modulettarukal, foto dittaktarukal, biosensorukal thudangiya upakaranagalil terra hearts muthal midu infrared freekwansikal vare graphene plaasmoniksinte saadhyathayulla prayogangalil ulppedunnu.
suuppar laattis.
titanium nitride (loham), aluminium scandium nitride (dialectric) ennivayil ninnu nirmmicha hyperbolic mettaametteeriyalin anuyojyamaaya kristtal gadanakalundu, koodaathe rund (allengil athil kooduthal) vasthukkal samyojippikkunna oru superlatis, oru kristtal roopeekarikkaan kazhiyum. metteeriyal nilavilulla cmos saankethikavidyayumaayi poruthappedunnu (parambaraagatha svarnnathil ninnum velliyil ninnum vyathyasthamayi), yaanthrikamaayi shakthavum uyarnna thapanilayil thaapaparamaayi sthirathayullathumaanu. eee padaartham aou allengil eji ennivayekkaal uyarnna photonic saandrata kaanikkunnu. metteeriyal kaaryakshamamaya oru laitt absorberaanu.
maagnetron sputtering ennariyappedunna saankethikavidya upayogichu vaakvam chembarinullile epitaxy upayogichaanu metteeriyal srishtichathu. moorchayulla interfesukalulla ultra-nertthathum ultra-minusamarnnathumaaya paalikal meteeriyalil ulppeduthiyirunnu.
opttikkal microscopukalkku dna polulla cheria vasthukkal kaanaan kazhiyunna oru "planner hyperlance", noothana censorukal, kooduthal kaaryakshamamaya solar kalaktarukal, naano-resonatorukal, kwaandam computing, defraction free focussing, imaging enniva saadhyamaaya prayogangalil ulppedunnu.
infraredinu sameepamulla prakasham muthal drishyaprakaasham vare vishalamaaya spektrathiludaneelam metteeriyal pravartthikkunnu. telecommunication opttikkal ashayavinimayathinum niyar infrared athyaavasyamaanu, sensarukalkkum microscopukalkkum kaaryakshamamaya soolid-stettu laitt srothassukalkkum drishyaprakaasham pradhaanamaan.
aaplikkeshanukal.
microscopy.
defraction paridhikkappuramulla microscopy aanu oru saadhyathayulla prayogam. photonukalekkaal uparithala plaasmon polaarittanukalumaayi samvadikkunna loonberg, eetton lensukal nirmmikkaan gradient indux plasmonics upayogichirunnu.
oru sidhaanthaparamaaya superlensinu drishyaprakaashathinte tharamgadairkhyathinte pakuthiyil thaazheyulla vasthukkale pariharikkunnathil ninnu staanderd (positteev-indux) lensukale thadayunna vivarthana paridhi kavian kazhiyum. atharam superlance parambaraagatha opttikkal microscopukalude kaazhchaykk atheethamaaya speshyal vivarangal pidichedukkum. atharamoru microscope nirmmikkunnathinulla niravadhi sameepanagal nirddeshikkappettittund. opttikkal svichukal, modulettarukal, foto dittaktarukal, directional laitt emittarukal enniva subwavel length domainayirikkaam.
biological aandu kemikkal sensing.
avalokanathilulla mattu proof-oof-kanseptt aaplikkeshanukalil uyarnna censitivity biological, kemikkal sensing ulppedunnu. oru prathyeka tharam fabri-perot naano-resonatorinullil uparithala plaasmanukalude thadassam chooshanam cheiyunna opttikkal censorukalude vikasanam avaa praapthamaakkiyekkaam. opttikkal resonator mode resonator arayude side vaalukalumayi bandhippichirikkunna analyte ligaandukalum thammilulla speshyal ovarlaappu upayogichu taargett kemikkal allengil biological analyteukalude nirddishta bindingukal kaaryakshamamaayi kandethaan eee anuyojyamaaya thadassam anuvadikkunnu. parimithamaaya deference time domaine electromagnetic simulationukal upayogichu gadanakal opttimais cheyyukayum electron beam lithography electroplating upayogichu kettichamaykkukayum niyar-feeld, phaar-feeld opttikkal microscopy, spectroscopy enniva upayogichu pareekshikkukayum cheiyunnu.
opttikkal computing.
opttikkal computing electronic signalukale laitt prosessing upakaranangalal maattisthaapikkunnu.
2014ll gaveshakar 200 naanomeettar terraherts speed opttikkal switch prakhyaapichu. athaaryavum lohavumaaya ghattathinum suthaaryavum ardhachaalakavumaaya ghattathinum idayil maarunna oru kristalaaya vanadium dye ooksaidinte () nanoscale kanikakal adangiya oru metaametteeriyalaanu switch nirmmichirikkunnathu. naanoparttikkilukal oru glass substratil nikshepikkukayum plasmonic photocathodaayi pravartthikkunna cheria swarnna naanopaarttikkilukalal pothinjupokukayum cheiyunnu.
femtosecond lazer pulsukal swarnna kanangalile electronukale swathanthramaakkukayum avaa swarnna kanikakalilekku chaadukayum oru subpicosecond ghatta maattathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu.
nilavile integrated surcuted saankethikavidya, silikkan adhishtitha chippukal, hye-keey dialectrics metteeriyalukal ennivayumaayi eee upakaranam poruthappedunnu. spektrathinte drishyavum infraaredinaduthumulla pradeshathaanu ithu pravartthikkunnathu. ithu 100 femtojoolukal/bitt/ooppareshan maathrame srishtikkunnulloo, ithu svichukal karsanamaayi paaykk cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu.
photovoltaic.
photovolteykukalim solar cellukalilum swarnna group lohangal (eyu, eji, kyu) nerittulla sajeeva vasthukkalaayi upayogichittundu. electron, hole daathaakkalaayi oresamayam pravartthikkunna eee vasthukkal electron, hole transport paalikalkkidayil sandwich cheyth oru photovoltaic sell undakkaam. nilavil eee photovoltaic cellukal internettu oof things (aiodi) plaattfominaayi smart sensarukalkku shakti nalkaan anuvadikkunnu.

