
murad bay

oru eejipshyan mamluk thalavan (bay) kuthirappadayude commander ibrahim beikkoppam eejipthinte samyuktha bharanaadhikaariyumaayirunnu murad bay mohammed (1750-22 epril 1801). cruren kollayadikkunna bharanadhikaariyaayum ennaal oorjjaswalanaaya dheeranaaya poraaliyaayum addeham palappozhum oormmikkappedunnu.
addehathinu nalkia "bay" enna padavi, automan saamraajyathinte saamskaarika maanadandangalkku vidheyamaayi "prabhuthvam" ennathine vishaalamaayi soochippikkunna oru prabhukka padhavi soochippikkunnu. kooduthal vyakthamaayi paranjaal, automan kaalaghattatthiludaneelam eejipt vyathyastha alavilulla svayambharanaavakaasham aasvadichirunnathinaal automan saamraajyathile eejipshyan pravishyayude saamskaarika maanadandangal. 
jeevacharitram.
pala georgian, videsha charitrakaaranmaarum murad georgian vamshajanaanennum tifflisil janichavanaanennum avakaashappedunnu, mattullavar addeham oru syrcassian aayirunnuvennu vishwasikkunnu. 1768ll eejipthile mamluk mohammed bay abu alle-dahabinu (syrcassian) addehathe vittu.
thante yajamananaaya mohammed bay abu alle-daahaabinte maranashesham murad bay mamluk sainyathinte kamaandaraayirunnu, athesamayam ibrahim bay eejipthinte bharanaparamaya chumathalakalude chumatala vahichu. mamluk bharanakoodatheyum aabhyanthara samghattanangaleyum attimarikkanulla ottoman shramangaliloode avar athijeevichu. eejipthile niyukta automan govarnorude mail polum pathittaandukalaayi "yadhaartha" adikaaram avar phalapradamaayi kaivashappeduthiyirunnuve avar eejiptil chila avasarangalil kaaymakangalayi (acting govarnarmaar) sevanamanushtichu.<ruffer peru = "jubertifilip <aii. dii. 2>"> </ruffer> <ruffer peru = "jubertifilip <aii. dii. 3>"> </ruffer> <ruffer peru = "jubertifilip <aii. dii. 1>"> </ruffer>
1786ll ottomaan sultan abdulhamid onnaaman ibraahimineyum murad beyeyum purathaakkaan kapudan pashaye (ottomaan naavikasenayude grand admiral) sesairli ghazi hassan pashaye ayachu.<ruffer peru = "jabartifilip <aii. dii. 1>"> hassan paasha thante sramangalil theekshnanum samagranumaayirunnu, hraswakaalathekku vijayichu eejiptil nerittu automan saamraajyathinte niyanthranam punasthaapichu. ismaayil beye puthiya mamluk nethaavaayum sheikh alle-balada (sivil govarnor yadhaartha bharanadhikaariyum) niyamichu. ennirunnaalum, 1791-ll, hassan paasha avare purathaakki anchu varshathinu sesham, duyamvairett thekkan eejiptil olivil ninnu keyroyilekku madangukayum "yadhaartha" niyanthranam thirike edukkukayum cheythu.<eee samayat murad bay ameer alle-hajj (hajj commander) aayi sevanamanushtichu.
1798 juulai 13 nuu nadanna shubra khithu yudhathil addeham mamluk kuthirappadaykkum jaanisharikalude kaalalppadaykkum neethrthwam nalkiyengilum franch "sainyam" addehathe paraajayappedutthukayum pooraattatthil ninnu pinmaarukayum cheythu. ettu divasathinu sesham, juulai 21 nuu, pyramid yudhathil ibrahim beikkoppam mamluk kuthirappadaye addeham nayikkukayum neppoliyante sainyathinte kaiyil paraajayappedukayum cheythu. ibrahim bay sinaayiyilekku palayanam cheythappol, murad aadyam keyroyilekkum pinneedu mukalile egypthilekkum palayanam cheyyukayum oru varshathekku desikesine thadayunna oru hraswa garilla akramanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. murad beye eejipthinte mukalbhaagathekku pinthudarumbozhaanu franchukaar dendera, theebs, edfu, phile ennividangalile smarakangal kandethiyathu.
eejipt vidaan franch senaykk panam vaagdaanam cheytha murad, alexandria, damiyatta, rosetta enniva kaivashappeduthaan britteeshukaare anuvadichathinu pakaramaayi britteeshukaarumaayi sakhyamundaakkaan vaagdaanam cheythathayi reportund. 1800-ll murad jeane baptist klebarumaayi samadhaanam sthaapikkukayum keyro kaaval senaykk sammathikkukayum cheythu. franch republicine prathinidheekarichu upper eejiptil ninnu nikuthi pirikkunnathinte utharavaaditham addehathinaayirunnu. heliopolis yudhathil franch sainyathinte bhagamaayirunna addeham franch valathupakshathil thante maamlukkukale nayikkukayum yudhathinu munbu franch sainyathe upekshikkukayum pooraattatthil pankedukkathirikkukayum cheythu. kanoppasil franch sainyathe britiish sainyam paraajayappedutthiya sesham, keyroyile franch govarnor augustin-danielle belliward thalasthaanathe prathirodhikkaan murad beyod utharavittu. govarnore sahayikkaan murad purappettengilum bubonic playg badhaye thudarnnu vazhimadhye marichu.

