
pedro reenal

pedro reenal (ph. 1485-1540) oru porchugees cartographerayirunnu. 1485num 1519num idayil reenal moonnu porchugees rajaakkanmaare sevichu jovo randaaman, maanuval onnaaman, jovo moonnaaman. adhehavum makan jorjju reinal avarude kaalaghattatthile ettavum prashasthamaaya cartographermaaril oraalaayirunnu, bhoomishaasthratheyum cartography kurichulla europian arivu athivegam vikasichukondirunna oru kaalaghattamaayirunnu athu. addeham aafrikkan vamshajanaanennathin chila thelivukalundu. reenalinte pithaav padinjaaran aafrikkayil ninnu rajakeeya silpashaalakalil sevikkaan konduvanna oru anakkombu kothupanikkaaranaannenn charitrakaaranaaya raffel moreira vishwasikkunnu.
1485 ll thaalkkaalikamaayi oppitta ettavum pazhaya portolan chaarttukalude rachayithaavaayirunnu reenal. eee nottikkal chart padinjaaran medittareniyan, aafrikkan theerangal congo nadhi vare vyaapichukidakkunnathayi chithreekarikkunnu. diogo cavo aduthide poortthiyaakkiya aadyathe paryaveshana yaatra ithil ulppedunnu. aafrikkan theeram rund vyathyastha vibhagangalaayi varachirikkunnu aadyathethu atlaantik theerathe parambaraagathamaaya oru kandethalaan, cabo corco vare, avide bhoopadam theernnupokunnu. charithrakaaranmaarkkidayil valareyadhikam charchakalkku kaaranamaaya oru asaadhaarana sameepanamaaya aafrikkan bhookhandathinte ulbhagathaanu congo vareyulla theeratthinte backie bhagam varachirikkunnath.
addehathinte atlaantik chart (c. 1504) akshaamshangalude oru skeyil ulppeduthiya aadyathethilonnaanu, koodaathe gaspar court-realinte paryaveshanangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla vadakke amerikkayude aadyakaala thithreekaranavum ithil adangiyirikkunnu. rund vyathyastha meridian upayogikkunnathiloode kanthika vyathiyanathekkurichulla dhaarana reenal prakadippichu; onnu ekadesham yadhaartha vadakkott, randaamathethu labradorinu sameepam sthaapichirikkunnathu 22 digri charinjirunnu, aadyakaala paryavekshakar avarude kompasukal upayogikkumbol kandethiya kaaryamaaya vyathiyaanathin kaaranamaayi. vyakthamaayi varacha fluor-dii-liss ulla oru kaatt uyarnnathayi aadyamaayi chithreekarichathum eee bhoopadamaanu.
makan jorjju reenal, cartographer lopo hoome ennivarodoppam addeham ariyappedunna miller atlasinte (1519) nirmmaanatthil pankedutthu. atlasile asaadhaaranamaaya kalaasrishti dutch miniaturist antonio dii hollandayude srishtiyaayirunnu. 
addehathinte ariyappedunna chila bhoopadangalkku purame, medittareniyan bhoopadatthinte oru chart reenal rachichu. 1500; indian mahaasamudrathinte rund charttukal, sii. 1517 umm 1518 umm; thekkan ardhagolathinte oru chart c. 1522; oru atlaantik chart, sii. eiii. 1535.
reinal makan lisbanil maathramaayi jolie cheythirunnuvenkilum 1519ll spain sponsor cheiyunna varaanirikkunna magallan paryaveshanathinulla thayyaareduppinaayi oru globe, charttukal ennivayil sahakarikkunnathinaayi avar sevilleyilekku hrasvamaayi yaatra cheythu. 1524-ll, molukka dveepukal tordezilas udambadi sthaapicha athirthi rekhayude spanish bhaagathaano porchugees bhaagathaano ennu charcha cheiyunnathinaayi samghadippicha badajos-elwaz jandayil raidel pankedutthu. 1528-ll jovo moonnaaman rajaavu 15,000 "raise" vaarshika pension adhikaarappeduthi. 1540ll reenal ippozhum charttukal nirmmikkunnundenn oru samakaalika paramarsham soochippikkunnu.
addehathinte bahumaanaartham oru porchugees tapal staambu addehathinundu.