
kiloo vii. america

kiloo vii. yunaittad stetts, 533 yuu.ezz. 27 (2001), oru vyakthiyude veettilo parisaratho ulla taapa vikiranam nireekshikkaan thermal imaging upakaranangal upayogikkunnathu, oru pothu soukaryakendrathil ninnu nadatthiyaalum, serch vaarant illaathe bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennu kodathi vidhicha american aikyanaadukalile supreme kodathi purappeduvicha oru theerumaanamaayirunnu. bhooripaksham abhipraayathil, thermal imaging naalam bhedagathiyanusarichu oru "thirayal" aanennu kodathi nireekshichu, kaaranam police "shaareerika nuzhanjukayattamillaathe munbu ariyaatha veedinte vishadaamshangal paryavekshanam cheyyaan upakaranangal upayogikkunnu."puthiya nireekshana saankethikavidyakalude velichathil svakaaryatha sidhaanthathinte nyayamaaya prathekshakal parishkarikkunnathinum pothujanagalkk prapyamaaya mekhalakalil avaa upayogikkunnathinum eee vidhi sradheyamaanu.
pashchaathalam.
1991-ll, yunaittad stetts department oof inteeriyarile federal ejantumaarkku, daani liie killo origonile florencile thante veettil marijuwana valarthunnundennu oru soochana labhichu. ejantumaar kiloyude veedinu purathu oru flir thermal imaging upakaranam upayogichu, ithu asaadhaaranamaaya taapa paattenukalum veedinte mattu bhagangalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol melkkoorayil ninnum vashathe mathilukalil ninnum asaadhaaranamaaya alavil thapam purathuvidunnathum addeham kanjaavu krishiyil saadhaaranamaaya uyarnna theevrathayulla halide vilakkukal upayogikkunnundennu ejantumaar vishwasikkaan kaaranamaayi. thirachil vaarant illaathe theruviludaneelam paarkk cheythirunna kaaril ninnaan scan nadathiyathu. scanil ninnu shekharicha thermograamukal veedinte thudarnnulla thirachilinu oru vaarant labhikkunnathin upayogichu, aaa thirachilinide federal ejantumaar nooriladhikam marijuwana chedikal kandethi. kanjaavu nirmmichathinu oru kuttatthinu kiloikkethire kuttam chumatthi.
praadhamika hearingle, thermal imaging tirayalil ninnu labhicha thelivukal adichamarthaanulla killoyude prameyam kodathi nirasichu, upakaranathinu "sambhaashanangalo manushya pravartthanangalo velippeduthaan mathilukalilo janalukalilo thulachukayaraan kazhiyilla" ennum upakaranam "veettil ninnu puranthallunna choodu maathrame rekhappeduthiyittulla" ennum vidhichu. thermal imaging upakaranam upayogichulla nireekshanangal naalam bhedagathiyanusarichu oru thirachil roopeekarichathinte adisthaanathil onpathaam surcuted appeel kodathiyil appeel nalkunnathinumumbu killo oru vyavasthaapitha kuttabodha harji nalki. onpathaam surcuted aathyanthikamayi thelivukalude sveekaaryatha sharivaykkukayum criminal vichaarana nadapadikal thudaraan anuvadikkukayum cheythu. 2000ll anuvadicha "sarttiraari" rittinaayi killo supreme kodathiyil harji nalki.
kodathiyude abhiprayam.
supreme kodathiyil, thermal imaging saankethikavidyayude upayogathe sarkkar rund kaaranangalal prathirodhichu onnamathaayi, thermal imaging svakaaryathayude kadannukayattamalla, kaaranam upakaranagalkk veedinte adutha vishadaamshangalonnum velippeduthaan kazhiyilla; randaamathaayi, saankethikavidyayude sahayamillaathe, manju urukunnath nireekshikkukayo puka uyarukayo polulla pothu soukarya pooyintil ninnu choodu vikiranam pala tharatthil kandethanakum.
justice aantonin scalia ezhuthiya bhooripaksha abhipraayathil, naalam bhedagathiyude ardhathil kiloyude veedinte taapa imaging oru "thirayal" aanennu supreme kodathi vidhichu. 5 muthal 4 vareyulla maarjinil, police, federal ejantumaar ennivarulppede sarkkaarin munnil oru serch vaarant labhikkanamenn kodathi vidhichu, oraalude veedinte choodum vikiranavum nireekshikkaan oru thermal imaging upakaranam upayogikkaam. pothu upayogathilillaatha" saankethikavidyakal upayogichu police durupayogam cheyyaavunna nireekshana adikaarangalum scalia shradhichu. keyloyude veedinu purathu upakaranam upayogichappol poleesinu vaarant illaathathinaal thirachil bharanaghadanaa virudhamaayirunnu. 
scalia ezhuthi "ivide, pothu upayogathilillaatha oru upakaranam, shaareerika nuzhanjukayattamillaathe munbu ariyaatha veedinte vishadaamshangal paryavekshanam cheyyaan sarkkar upayogikkumbol, nireekshanam oru 'thirayal' aanu, koodaathe vaarantillaathe yukthirahithamaan."oru vyakthikk veettil svakaaryatha pratheekshikkamennum athinaal veettil praveshikkaatha saankethikavidya upayogichu polum sarkkaarin yukthirahithamaya thirayalukal nadatthaan kazhiyillennum bhooripaksha abhiprayam vaadichu.
kaeyl" theerumaanam, "kaatts vii" yeei aasrayichirikkunnu. yunaittad stetts (1967), oraalude veettile svakaaryathayude prateeksha sthireekarikkukayum oru vaarantillaathe veedu paryavekshanam cheyyaanulla marggangal parimithappedutthukayum cheythu. oru veedinte praveshana kavaadatthil varacha urachathum ennaal thilakkamullathumaaya varaye scalia paraamarsikkunnu, avide naalam bhedagathi svakaaryathayude uyarnna pratheekshaye amgeekarikkunnathaayi parayappedunnu. koodaathe, bhaaviyile saankethikavidyakal oraalude svakaaryathaykkulla avakaashathe engane akramikkum ennathinekkurichum scalia charcha cheythu. atharam saankethikavidya nilavilundennu ariyaamenkil athu oru thirachil urappunalkaan paryapthamaaya nuzhanjukayattamaanennu bharanaghadanayude chattakodukaar sammathikkumennu scalia vaadichu, athupole, saankethikavidya (thermal imaging ulppede) bhauthika nuzhanjukayattatthinte athe vaarant aavasyakathakal aavashyappedunnu. 
bhaviyil uyarnnuvannekkaavunna kooduthal sankeernamaaya nireekshana saankethikavidyayil ninnu samrakshikkunnathinaayi scalia eee abhiprayam roopappeduthi. ellaatharam vaarantillaatha nireekshanatthil ninnum veedine samrakshikkaan uddeshichullathaanu ithu, ithu naalam bhedagathiyude "long view" ennu vilikkunna scaliayude vyaakhyaanamaanu.
viyojippulla abhiprayam.
justice joonn pooll steevans ezhuthiya viyojippulla abhipraayathil, thermal imaging upayogikkunnathu naalaamathe bhedagathiyaaya "serch" allennu nyoonapakshangal vaadichu, kaaranam eathoru vyakthikkum taapa udvamanam kandethaan kazhiyum. veedinullilo parisaratho ulla chila pradeshangal mattullavayekkaal choodullathaanennu thonnunnathiloodeyo veedinte chila bhaagangalil manju vegathil urukunnath nireekshikkunnathiloodeyo ithu cheyyaamennu steevans vaadichu. pothujanagalkk eee vivarangal svanthamaayi shekharikkaan kazhiyumennathinaal, sarkkar angane cheiyunnathu bharanaghadanaa virudhamaayirunnilla. keyloyude veedinte "aduppamulla" vishadaamshangalonnum kandethaathathinaal thermal imaging upakaranathinte upayogam "oof-dhii-vaal" nireekshanam maathramaanennu viyojippulla abhiprayam vaadichu. steevans parayunnathanusarichu, "oru adukkalayilo laborattariyilo karupp guhayilo undaakunna sugandhangal polulla thaapatharamgangal oru kettidatthil ninnu purathupokumbol pothusanchayatthil praveshikkunnu."
steevans prathyekichum scaliayude braitt line testtine vimarshichu, athine "anaavasyavum budhishoonyavum naalam bhedagathiyumaayi poruthappedaatthathum" ennu visheshippichu, kaaranam upayogicha nireekshana saankethikavidya pothu upayogathilekku vannaaludan ithu pravarthanarahithamaakum, pakaram police maathram upayogikkum.
swaadheenavum thudarnnulla sambhavavikasangalum.
kailo" vidhiyil "indriyangale vardhippikkunna saankethikavidya", "pothu upayogathilillaatha upakaranam" ennee padangal scalia upayogichirikkunnath police thirayal nadapadikramangalekkurichu pilkkala vidhikalil swaadheenam chelutthiyenkilum asthiramaaya reethiyil. niravadhi pandithanmaarum niyama vishakalana vidagtharum scalia aaa padaprayogangal upayogikkunnathile avyakthatha shradhichu. saankethikavidya svakaaryathaye bheeshanippeduthumbol naalam bhedagathi engane prathikarikkanam ennathinekkurichulla vishalavum srishtiparavumaaya kaazhchappaad nirddeshikkunnathaayi atharam vaakyangal vishwasaneeyamaayi vaayikkaan kazhiyumennu orin kerr ezhuthi."puthiya saankethikavidyakal kooduthal vyaapakamaakumbol nammude svakaaryathaye illaathaakkunna nirbhagyakaravum anaavasyavumaaya oru pareekshanatthinu eee padaprayogam kaaranamaakumenn oru pathrapravartthakan vaadichu."mattoru niyamapandithan eee padaprayogatthe" "avyaktham" "ennum" "saankethikavidya anudinam purogamikkunna athivega vegatha kanakkiledukkumbol, ettavum budhimuttulla kaaryam" "ennum vilichu; athesamayam" "pothu upayogam" "vendathra nirvachikkappettitla".
drone nireekshanam.
dronukal ippol pothujanangal saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnathinaal vaarantillaathe kuttavaalikalennu samshayikkunnavaril drone nireekshanam nadatthaan "killo" abhiprayam sarkkaarine anuvadikkunnundo ennu chila vishakalana vidagdhar chodichu. niyama nirvvahana udyogastharude drone nireekshanatthe daani liie killoyil nadatthiya thermal imajingumaayi thaarathamyam cheytha reymond naan, avaa randum aarudeyengilum svakaaryathaye akramikkaan upayogikkaamenn vaadichu, drone saankethikavidya evide varunnu ennathinu vyakthamaaya utharamillennu oonnipparanju. aadhunika dronukal kailoyil upayogikkunna scaanarinekkaal valare noothanamaaya infrared saankethikavidya upayogikkunnundennum dronukal nilavil pothujanagalkk vaangaan labhyamaanennum scaliayude parisodhana prakaram avaa "pothu upayoga" thilekk konduvarunnuvennum mattoru vishakalana vidagthan choondikkaatti. thermal imaging upakaranangalekkaal aadhunika dronukal saadhaaranamaanennum kiloyil nadathunna skaanukalekkaal valare kooduthal nireekshanam nadatthaan kazhiyumennum veronica mcnite vaadichu.
police naaya thirachil nadathunnu.
mayakkumarunnu-sniffing police naaykkal "kiloo" abhipraayathinu keezhil thermal imaging upakaranangalude athe vibhaagathil pedunnundo ennu mattu vishakalana vidagdhar chodichu. killo" kesil vaakkalulla vaadangalil, justice sandra day ooo 'connor, "yunaittad stetts vii." enna kesil supreme kodathi avarude bharanaghadanaaparamaayatha neratthe uyarthippidichenkilum, thermal imajingumaayi thaarathamyappeduthukayaanel naaya snifukal bharanaghadanaa virudhamaayi kanakkaakkumenn vaadichu. sthalam (1983). kiloo" enna vaakkukalil viyojip prakadippicha steevans, bhooripakshatthinte padaprayogam valare vishaalamaanennu abhiprayappettu, eee puthiya maathrkaykku keezhil, naayayude thumbukal oru thirachilaayi kanakkakkumennum athinaal oru vaarant illaathe bharanaghadanaa virudhamaanennum athu "sthalam" enna maathrkaye phalapradamaayi asaadhuvaakkumennum ezhuthi.
oru naayayude manam manushyanekkaal valare shakthavum mechappettathumaanennu choondikkaanichukondu, "kailo" yude velichathil police naaykkale indriyashakthi vardhippikkunna saankethikavidyayaayi kanakkaakkanamenn shaanon hurley-deale sammathichu. oru thermal imaging upakaranam pole mayakkumarunnu kandethunna naaya oru "oru veedinte ulvashathekkurichulla vivarangal nedaan poleesine anuvadikkunna niyama nirvvahana upakaranam" aanennu ezhuthi, tracey maclin sammathichu, koodaathe "killo", "sthalam" vidhikal thammilulla samgharsham shradhichu.
2005-ll, supreme kodathi "kiloo", "plays" enniva thammilulla samgharsham "illinois vii." enna kesil punasthaapichu. oru police naaya nadatthiya thirachil thermal imaging vazhi nadatthiya thirachilinu thulyamallennu kaabal parayunnu. 2013ll supreme kodathi florida vii. enna kesil vidhi prasthaavichu. mayakkumarunnu sooshmamaakkunna police naaykkale serch vaarant illaathe oru vyakthiyude veedinte munvaathililekku konduvaraan kazhiyillennu jardines paranju, ennaal avar svakaaryathaykkulla avakaashathinupakaram "swathavakaashangal"kkethiraaya athikramathinte adisthaanathilaanu angane cheythath. killo" kodathi manassilaakkunnathupole police naaykkale "pothu upayogathilillaatha upakaranangalayi" kanakkakkunnuvennu justice elena kagan koottichertthu.