
joonn bradford

joonn bradford (1510-1555) oru engleesh parishkarthaavaayirunnu, sent. polse rakthasakshiyum. merii onnaaman raajnjikkethiraaya kuttakrithyangalkku addeham lunden gopuratthil thadavilakkappettu. 1555 juulai 1nuu addehathe sthambhathil chuttukonnu.
jeevitam.
bradford 1510-ll maanchasttarinaduthulla blackley graamatthil janichu. addeham oru vyaakarana skoolilaanu vidyaabhyaasam nediyathu. ennathilum panatthilum kazhivulla addeham pinneedu rutlandile extonile sarr joonn haaringtante keezhil oru sevakanaayi sevanamanushtichu. audittingilum ezhuthilum thante nalla swaadheenathiloodeyum kazhivukaliloodeyum addeham thante thozhiludamayude pinthunayum vishwaasavum nedukayum 1544-ll montrooyil uparodhathil henry VIII-nte yudhangalil engleesh sainyathinte pemaasttarude oafees ettedukkukayum cheythu. pinneedu landanile innar tempilil niyama vidyaarthiyaayi. oru sahavidyaarthiyude sanbarkkathiloodeyum prasamgangaliloodeyum addeham parichayappedukayum protestant vishwaasathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum cheythu. ithu addehathe niyamapatanam upekshikkaan prerippikkukayum 1548-ll addeham cambridge sarvakalaashaalayile catherine haalil (ippol sent catherines koleju) daivashaasthram ettedukkukayum cheythu. 1549-ll addehathinu emm. eiii. puraskaaram labikkukayum athe varsham thanne cambridgile pembrock collegil phehlowshippilek niyamikkappedukayum cheythu.
eee sthaapanathil addehathe palappozhum "hollie bradford" enna vilipperu vidveshathil ninnalla, marichu daivathodulla samarppanathodum niswaartha manobhaavathodumulla bahumanam kondaanu paraamarshichathu. 1550 augustil bishop nicolas ridley addehathe deekkan aayi niyamikkukayum addehathinte vyakthiparamaaya chapline niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. ridleyudeyum hugg lattimarinteyum maarganirdeshaprakaaram addeham landanile pallikalil prasamgikkaan thudangi. baibil vishwaasathe prasamgikkunnathinulla addehathinte sammanangal 1551-ll edward araman raajaavinte chapline sent pools cathedralinte prebenderyaayum addehathe niyamikkunnathilekku nayichu. pradhaanamaayum lunden, lancashire, cheshire ennividangalil pembrokkinte fello aayum roving pravachakanaayum addeham thudarnnu.
1553-ll edward aaraamante maranathethudarnnu, catholica virudharkkethire prathikara bheeshaniyumaayi merii onnaaman simhaasanathil kayari. puthiya raajaavinte bharanathinte aadya maasathil, "oru janakkoottathe elakkividaanulla shramathinte" nissaramaaya kuttatthinu bradfordine arast cheyyukayum jayililadaykkukayum lunden gopurathodu prathibaddhatha kaanikkukayum cheythu. nissaaramenn thonnumenkilum, aaa samayat "oru janakkoottathe elakkividunnathu" gurutharamayathum apakadakaravumaaya oru pravartthanamaayirunnu, ithu kalaapathilekkum maranathilekkum nayikkukayum theerchayaayum samoohathinu valia aswasthathayundaakkukayum cheythu. jaililaayirunna kaalath addeham mathaparamaya kruthikal ezhuthunnathum kelkkunna ellaavarodum prasamgikkunnathum thudarnnu. gopuratthil kurachukaalam bradfordine mattu moonnu parishkarthaakkalaaya aarch bishop thomas cranmer, ridley, laattimar ennivarodoppam oru sellil paarppichu. puthiya niyamathekkurichulla shradhaapoorvamaaya padanathinaanu avar samayam chelavazhichathu.
maranam.
1555 januvari 31nuu bradfordine vichaarana cheyyukayum vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum cheythu. juulai 1nuu bradfordine newgate jaililekku kondupoyi. bradfordinu oru prathyeka "shirt oof flame" oru srimati nalki. maarlett, avarkkayi addeham oru bhakti kruthi ezhuthiyirunnu. oru vivaha sharttinte shailiyil thee koluthunnathinaayi prathyekam thayyal cheytha oru vrithiyulla sharttayirunnu ithu. "oru vivaahathin varaneppole vasthram dharikkunnathupole iraykku pinthunayum bahumaanavum nalkunnathinulla oru margamaaya puthiya shirt dharicha eee vasthram kathikkunnathil oru saadhaarana savisheshathayaayi maari."koodaathe, purohitan thante vasthrangal dharikkunnathin samaanamaayi theejwalayude shirt darikkunnath kaanaan kazhiyum, angane catholica aachaarathe attimarikkunnu. "...athinaal rakthasaakshikk shirt dharikkunnathin munbu praarthikkukayum chumbikkukayum cheyyaam... kristhuvumaayulla avarude aikyathinum avar marikkaan thayyarayirunnu enna vasthuthaykkum adivarayittu parayunnu..."
bradfordine prashamsicha palarum addehathinte maranathinu saakshyam vahikkaan vannathinaal oru valia janakkoottam raavile 4 manikk nischayichirunna vadhasiksha vaikippichu. joonn leaf enna yuvavinoppam smithfieldil addehathe vadikondu changalayittu. thee kathikkunnathinu munbu, thaan cheytha eathoru aneethiykkum addeham mapp yachikkukayum thannodu aneeti cheythavarodu mapp parayukayum cheythu. pinne avan thirinju "sahodara, aashwasikkuvin; innu ratri njangal karthaavinodukoode oru ullasabhakshanam kazhikkum!"oru noottaandinushesham, thomas phular thante" "englandinte yogyatha" "enna kruthiyil, thante jeevithathil thaan valare shradhayodeyum shakthiyodeyum prasamgicha aaa sidhaanthathinte sathyam sthireekarikkunna vidhathil, oru choodulla venalkkaalathe oru puthiya kattodukoodiya kodunkaattaayi thaan aaa jwala sahichuvennu ezhuthi"."
landanile smithfieldile marian rakthasaakshikalude smaarakathilaan bradford anusmarikkunnath. nagaratthinte aadyakaala charithratthile pradhana vyakthikale adayaalappeduthunna maanchastar taunn haalinte purambhaagathulla aarr prathimakalil onnaaya adhehatheyum anusmarikkunnu.
vaakya attribution.
daivakripaykku vendi njaan pookunnu" enna vaakk bradfordine swantham daarmmikathayekkaal thaazhmayudeyum daivakripaye aashrayikkunnathudeyum prakadanamaayi 19-aamm noottaandile oru paarambaryamundu. joonn bradfordinte rachanakal" enna pusthakatthinte edittar abri tounsend thante aamukhathil ithu rekhappeduthunnu
edward bickersteth (1822) ezhuthiya "praarthanayekkurichulla oru prabandhatthil" kaanappedunnathupole bradfordinode eee vaachakam aaropikkunna paarambaryam kuranjathu pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilaanennu parayaam
1800 nuu munbu eee vaachakam allengil bradfordumaayulla athinte attribution kandethaan kazhiyaathe vannappol, bradfordumaayi samanamaaya oru vikaarathinte 17-aamm noottaandile attribution undennu tounsend rekhappeduthunnu, ithu "mattullavarude papangal kaanumbol, purushanmaarkk engane padikkaam ennu theliyikkunnu. eee paarambaryamanusarichu, bradford, "madyapichirunna aareyengilum kaanukayo enthengilum sathyam kelkkukayo cheyyumbol, & sii., avar roshathode paraathippedumaayirunnu, 'karthaave, enikku madyalahariyundu; karthaave, enikku sathyaprathinja cheiyunna hridayamundu.
ennirunnaalum "daivakripaykku" enna padatthinu mattu aatribyooshanukalund; sarr arther connon doyil (sherlock holminte shabdathil) "boscomb vaali misttari" (1891) enna kruthiyile richard baakstar (1615-1691) aanu eee padaprayogam ennu aaropikkunnu 
joonn newton (1725-1807) eee padaprayogatthinu kaaranamaayittund.
koodaathe catholica paarambaryatthil philipp neri (1515-1595).

