henry gaarnett

henry gaarnett (juulai 1555-meyy 3,1606), chilappol henry gaarnett, 1605 leeii vedimarunnu plottil pankuchernnathinu vadikkappetta oru engleesh jesuit purohithanaayirunnu. derkile heenoril janicha addeham 1571 ll landanilekku oru prasaadhakanaayi jolie cheiyunnathinumumbu nottingamilum pinneedu winchester collegilum vidyaabhyaasam nedi. avidevechu niyamapatanatthil thaalparyam prakadippicha addeham 1575ll bhookhandathilekku yaatra cheyyukayum yeshuvinte samoohathil cherukayum cheythu. 1582ll addeham romil abhishekam cheyyappettu.
1586-ll jesuit douthyathinte bhaagamaayi gaarnett englandilekku madangi, taamasiyaathe pithaav vilyam vesttan engleesh adhikaarikal pidichadakkiyathinethudnar jesuit superioraayi. gaarnett oru rahasyaprass sthaapikkukayum athu 1588 avasaanathode vare neendunilkkukayum 1594-ll addeham mathethararum saadhaarana purohithanmaarum thammilulla tharkkamaaya wisbeck prakshobhangalil madhyasthatha vahikkukayum cheythu. cheythu upakadhayude nilanilppinekkurichu catholica purohithanmaar velippeduthiyathine amgeekarikkukayum akramasakthamaaya kalaapathil earppedaruthennu engleesh katholikkare prolsaahippikkukayum cheythukondu addeham englandil catholicar abhimukeekarikkunna prashnangalodu nishkriyamaaya sameepanamaan thiranjedutthathu.
1605-leeii venalkkaalath gaarnett, thanikk ariyaatha, protestant rajaavaaya jaims onnaamane kollan padhathiyitta oru mathavishwaasiyaaya roobert kettsbye kandumutty. 1605 juulai 24 nuu pithaav ooswald tessimond kettsbiyude vedimarunninte goodaalochanayude asthithvam addehathodu velippeduthi, ennaal kuttasammatham mudrayil vivarangal labhichathinaal, udanadi puratthaakkal shikshaykk keezhil samsaarikkunnathil ninnu canon niyamam addehathe thadanju. pakaram, kettsbi enthaanu aasoothranam cheythathennu aarodum parayaathe, balaprayogathinethire engleesh catholicarc munnariyipp nalkanamennu abhyarthichu addeham romile thante meludyogastharkku kathezhuthi.
goodaalochana paraajayappettappol gaarnett olivil pooyi, pakshe oduvil 1606 januvari 27 nuu addehathe arast cheythu. addehathe landanilekku kondupookukayum privy kaunsil chodyam cheyyukayum cheythu, athil joonn popam, edward kookk, salisburyile onnaam earl roobert sessil ennivar ulppedunnu. lunden gopuratthil thadavilakkappetta saha thadavukaaranaaya edward ooldkarnumaayulla addehathinte sambhashanangal kelkkunnavar nireekshikkukayum aan vox polulla suhruthukkalkkulla addehathinte kathukal thadayukayum cheythu. 1606 march march vichaaranayude avasaanathil prakhyaapicha addehathinte kuttabodham munkootty nischayicha oru nigamanamaayirunnu. thurannathum vishalavumaaya nunakal, pinmaaral" ennu kookk visheshippicha addeham nadatthiya thettidhaaranakalkku vimarsikkukayum kettsbi aasoothranam cheythathinekkurichu adhikaarikalkk munnariyipp nalkaathathinu apalapikkukayum cheytha addehathe thookkikkollaanum varaykkaanum quarter cheyyaanum shikshikkukayum cheythu. 1606 meyy meyy addehathe vadhichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1555 joolaiyil dernile heenoril bryan garnettinteyum (allengil gaarnett) alisinteyum (nee jayy) makanayi henry gaarnett (allengil gaarnett) janichu. addehathinu kuranjathu anchu sahodarangalenkilum undaayirunnu rund sahodaranmaar, richard, joonn, maargarat, elanor, aan ennee moonnu sahodarimaar, ivarellaam luveynil kanyaasthreekal aayi. vishudha thomas gaarnett ezz. jeey. yude ammavanaayirunnu addeham. 1565 muthal pithaav maasttar ayirunna nottingaamile vyaakarana vidyaalayathilaanu henry padichathu. 1567 august august oru pandithanaayi thiranjedukkappettathinnethu 1568ll addeham winchester collegil praveshichu, avide addeham mikavu pulartthi. samgeethathodulla addehathinte snehavum "apoorvavum aanandakaravumaaya" shabdavum thayyaareduppillaathe pattukal avatharippikkanulla kazhivinal poorttheekarikkappettu, koodaathe addeham veenayil vaidagdhyamullayaalnum reportund. pithaav thomas staani ezhuthi, "samgeethathilum upakaranangal vaayikkunnathilum valare vaidagdhyamulla, samgeethathilum ellah pravarthanangalilum valare elimayulla, ooksfoordile puthiya collegil thangale ulppeduthunnathinaayi schoolmaastarmaarum wardenmaarum addehathinu valare mikacha sauhrudam vaagdaanam cheythirunna, winchester kolejile pradhana pandithanaayirunnu gaarnett."
roome.
gaarnett puthiya collegil praveshichilla; pakaram, 1571-nte avasaanathil addeham winchester vittu landanilekku pooyi. avide addeham richard total enna niyama prasaadhakan vendi proof readeraayum thiruthalukaaranaayum jolie cheythu. cheef justice enna nilayil vedimarunnu goodaalochanakkaarude vichaaranayude adhyakshatha vahikkenda sarr joonn poppaaminoppam addeham palappozhum bhakshanam kazhichu, garnettumaayulla bandham oduvil valare nirbhaagyakaramaanennu theliyikkum. niyamapatanatthil thaalparyam undennu gaarnett poppaminodu avakaashappettengilum 1575-ll addeham [[yeshuvinte samoohathil] praveshikkaan [[gails gaalappumaayi] [[porchugal]] lake kappal kayari.
iruvarum romilek yaatra cheyyukayum 1575 septambar 11 nuu [santandria della vaale] palliyil praveshippikkukayum cheythu. daivashaasthranjanaaya pithaavinte [[roobert bellarmin]] keezhilaanu gaarnett padichathu. addehathinte rund professormaaraaya christopher clavius, roobert bellarmin ennivar addehathinte kazhivukale prashamsichu. 1582ll addeham niyamithanaakukayum metaafisiksilum ganithathilum prabhashanam nadathukayum hebru professoraayi romil thaamasikkukayum cheythu. addeham sent peettezhsil oru engleesh kanfesar koodiyaayirunnu, pakshe 1584 meyy maasathil orupakshe jesuitil ninnulla oru harjiyude anantharafalamaayi addehathinte academic jeevitam vettikkurachu.|englandinu [[vilyam vesttan (jesuit)]|vilyam vesttan], pithaav [[roobert vyakthikal] thanne englandilekku ayaykkaan aavasyappettu. [yeshuvinte samoohathile unnatha general]|gaarnettine thante pingamiyaayi kanda superior general] [[cladio akwaviva]] eee abhyarthana nirasichu. englandil thanne kaathirunnathinekkaal "shaanthamaaya jeevithathinu" gaarnett kooduthal anuyojyamaanennu addeham karuthi, pakshe 1586 meyy 2 nuu addeham pinthirinju pookaan anuvadichu. yaathraykk meludhyogasthanaayi niyamikkapetta gaarnett roobert southwellinoppam (jesuit) yaatra cheythu.|roobert southwell], meyy meyy [[kalais] lake purappedunnu. 1586 joolaiyude thudakkathil addeham [[naadodi kallu]] aduthethi.
englandu.
englandile jesuit superiore kandumuttya sesham [[vilyam vesttan (jesuit)]|gaarnett, southu well, vesttan ennividangalile lunden sathrathile vilyam vesttan [[marlo, buckinghamshare]] enna sthalathinaduthulla [[harlesford]] lake yaatra cheythu. richard boldinte veettil oraazhchayil kooduthal chelavazhicha avar praarthanayilum janakkoottathilum earppedukayum kuttasammatham nadathukayum cheythu. avar avarude [[dauthyam (kristhumatham)] charcha cheythu.|[] englandil, ellah varshavum februvariyilum augustilum koodikkaazhcha nadatthaan theerumaanichu (pinneedu eesttar, sarathkaalam enningane maari). vesttan iruvarkkum abhayam nalkunna catholica bhavanangalude vishadaamshangalum nalki.
vesttanin enthengilum sambhavikkukayaanenkil, gaarnett addehathinte pingamiyaayi [[meludyogasthan] [[unnatha [[shreni]]] aayi maarumennu akviva nirddeshichirunnu.|[superior] englandil, harlesford vittu divasangalkku sesham vesttan landanilekkulla vazhiyil pidikkapettu. catholica anukoola saahityam achadikkaan akwaviwa gaarnettin anumathi nalkukayum angane adutha varsham aadyam addeham landanil southwell sandarshikkukayum oru rahasya maadyamam sthaapikkunnathinekkur charcha cheyyukayum cheythu, athu orupakshe oru munkaala [[augustinian]]-nuu chuttum evideyengilum sthithicheyyunnundaakam.|[[spittalfields]] nuu sameepamulla [[auguststeeniyan]] ashupatri. 1588 avasaanathode vare neenduninna eee lekhanam "englandile ellah durithabaadhitha catholica mathavishwaasikalkkum oru aashwaasa kathu", rachayithaav anjjaathan, southwellinte "aashwaasathinte oru kathu" ennivaykku utharavaadiyaayirunnu. [[ludgate kunnin]] oru suhruthinte janala ninnu, parajayappetta [[spanish armada] aaghoshikkunna [[pazhaya sent polinte cathedral]] 1588 novemberile oru nandiparayal ghoshayaathraykk gaarnett saakshyam vahichu.|spanish adhinivesham]. speyininte pravartthanangal gaarnettine valareyadhikam ashankaakularaakki, "nammal ithinakam thanne eathaandu nasippikkappetta eee duranthangal avasaanichuvennu njangal karuthiyappol, njangalude prateeksha pettennu sankadamaayi maari, ippol eratti parishramatthode melnottakkaar njangale sammarddathilaakkunnu". englandile elisabath onnaamanodulla vishwasthathayil maathrame janaalakalil ninnu kaanaan aalukale anuvadichirunnulloo.|elisabath raajnji onnaaman]] gruhasthan urappunalki. raajnjiyekkaal thanikk raajnjiyekkurichaanu kooduthal aashankayennu thante anuyaayikalil palarum karuthiyirunnuvennu gaarnett akwaviwak ayacha kathil paranju.|kaalvinist] mantrimar. naavikasenayude naashatthinte velichathil, roman catholicarc rajnjiyodu kooru pularthaan anuvadikkunnathinulla nirddishta prathinjayude rund pathippukalekkurichu upadesham chodikkaanum addeham generalinu kathezhuthi. sarkkaarinte pathippil catholicar elisabathinte mail maarppaappayude adikaaram nirasikkanamenn aavashyappedunnu, athesamayam catholica pathipp avarude adikaaram amgeekarikkumennum "eathu vidhathilum avalude jeevan apakadatthilaakkunna ellaavareyum paraajayappedutthaanum maranam vare poraadaanum ellah shramangalodum koodi aagrahikkumennum" nirddeshichu. privy kaunsil randaamathethu nirasichu.
[[fayal baddesley.jeey. pii. pii gaarnett eathaandu pidikkapettu [baddesley klintan]]]]]
englandile gaarnettinte aadya kurachu varshangal landanile puthiya purohithanmaare kandumuttiyirunnu, [[joonn jerard (jesuit)]|joonn jerard], [edward ooldkoon]. 1585 muthal jesyoottukale englandil ninnu naadukadatthiyirunnu, kandethiyaal avarkkethire [[uyarnna raajyadroha] kuttam chumathaan saadhyathayund. athinaal pinthudarunnavare ozhivaakkunnath aavarthichulla oru prashnamaayirunnu, koodaathe niravadhi avasarangalil gaarnett eathaandu pidikkapettu. 1591ll [baddesley klintanil] nadanna eathaandu vinashakaramaaya oru koodikkaazhchayude falamaayi, taanum mattu palarum avarude prathinjakal puthukkumbol eathaandu orumichu pidikkappettappol, addeham dauthyathe pathinonnu cheria grouppukalaayi punasamghadippichu, oororutharkkum prathivarsham randaazhcha veetham nalki. 1592 juunil southwell pidichedukkappettathinnettathu, [[aan vox]], [[elanor brooksby]] ennivarude [[warwickshareile] vaadaka veedu enniva thirachilinethudarnnu, thante pingamiyaayi unnathanayi varaan kazhiyunna oru sahaiye aavasyappedaan addeham akvivivaykku kathezhuthi. [[henry walpaul] angane ayaykkappettu, pakshe 1593 desemberil athiyappol pidikkappedukayum 1595 eprilil yorkkil vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. gaarnett vishwasichathu, rahasyamaayi [[anthyakarmangal]] nadathunnathinaayi thante sahapurohithanmaarude vadhasikshakal (veshammari) nireekshikkendathu thante kadamayaanennum 1595 ll taibenil nadanna southuvellinte vadhathil addeham pankedutthittundaakanum. pinneedu englandil aayirikkumbol thaan vahicha "eakaanthathayude asahaneeyamaaya bharam" gaarnettin kanatha thirichadiyaayirunnu.
1593 novemberil gaarnett, catholica purohithanmaare thadankalil vaykkunnathinaayi 1579ll sarkkar aavasyappetta thakarnnathum shayikkunnathumaaya [[wisbeck kotta]] lake yaatra cheythu. vilyam vesttan avidevechu nadannu. kottayile nivaasikal katholikkarude [[bhikshaadanangal]] pinthunayullavarum thaarathamyena sukhakaramaaya jeevithamaan nayichirunnathum; gaarnett wisbeckine "aadaraneeyamaaya kuttasammatham nadathunnavarude koleju" ennu vilikkukayum athinekkurichu poorakamaayirunnu. adutha varsham addeham avide [mathethara purohithanmaar] thammilulla oru tharkkathil madhyasthatha vahichu.|mathetharathvam], [[saadhaarana purohitar]] (randaamathethu jesuitukal prathinidheekarikkunnu), ithu [[wisbeck stits]] ennariyappettu. aaa varsham avasaanathode tharkkam theerppaakkappettuvenkum jesuit bharanathilulla [[engleesh koleju, roome]] ll asamthripthiyude reportukal undenna aashankayil gaarnett aashankaakulanaayirunnu.|romile engleesh koleju]] umm brasselsile chila catholica engleesh naadukadatthappettavar thammilulla pirimurukkavum sthithigathikal sthirappeduthaanulla addehathinte shramangale durbalappeduthiyekkaam.
thokku podi plott.
kettsbiyude aamukham.
gaarnett 1604-ll kooduthal samayavum yaathraykkaayi chelavazhichuvenkilum addehathinte yaathrakalekkurichulla vishadaamshangal valare kuravaanu. eesttaril addeham [joninteyum christopher raittinteyum] veettaaya [[twigmoor haalil] oru kurbbana nadathiyathaayi reportund.|joonn raitt]. novemberil addeham [[aanne vox]] (1586 venalkkaalath addehathe parichayappedutthiya kudumbatthinte) koode enfieldinu sameepamulla velutha webbukalil undaayirunnu, [[meriyude avatharanathil] nalkia prathinjakal puthukkukayum cheythu.|njangalude sthreeyude avatharanathinte utsavam]. 1605 juun juun landanile tames streettile oru muriyil [roobert kettsbiyodoppam] addehathe kandethaanirikkukayinnu. gaarnett pinneedu oormmippicha oru anoupachaarika sambhaashanathinidayil, kettsbi purohithanodu "niraparaadhikale kollunna" dhaarmikathayekkurichu chodichu. palappozhum yudhasamayathu sathruvinoppam niraparaadhikalum kollapedunnuvennu gaarnett catholica daivashaasthramanusarichu marupadi nalki. [[antonia fraser]] parayunnathanusarichu, kettsbiyude abhyarthana flandezhsil oru rejiment uyarthunnathumaayi bandhappettirikkamenn gaarnett karuthiyirikkaam.
aathmeeyamaanennu thaan karuthunna moolyangalkkaayi vaal upayogikkaan madikkaatha" kurishuyudhakkaarante maanasikavastha kaivashamullathayi fraser visheshippicha gaarnett kettsbiyeppoleyaayir. kadangalil valareyadhikam kudungikkidakkunnavar nilanilkkaan kazhiyathavarumaaya" kettsbye visheshippichirunnuve, "daivahithathinu keezhadangunnathiloodeyaanu karyangal ettavum nannayi pariharikkappedunnathenna" gaarnett vishwasichirunnu."addeham raajaavinte mail aaveshabharithanaayirunnu [[englandile jaims onnaaman].|jaims aii]] engleesh simhaasanathilekkulla pinthudarchakkaaran, videsha edapedal undaakillenn pratheekshichirunnu. 1603 [[bye plott]], [[[privy kaunsil oof englandu]] nuu velippeduthi (addehathinte anugrahathode)|] rund catholica purohithanmaar ezhuthiya addeham, "avivekapoornamaaya viddithathinte oru bhagamaanu, kaaranam samadhaanaparamaaya maargangaliloodeyaanu addehathinte vishudhiyum mattu rajakumaaranmaarum namme sahayikkaan thayyaaraanenn namukkariyam."akramasakthamaaya kalaapathil earppedaruthennu ellah engleesh catholicarc [poppu klement VIII] nirddesham nalkanamennu addeham udbodhippichu," "shaanthavum samadhaanavum". orikkalum atharamoru kaaryam cheyyaan sramikkaruthennu thante purohithanmaarodu kalpicha [[aarch preest]] [[jorjju blackwell]] prathidhvanicha oru sandeshamaayirunnu athu, pakshe athu vivaadamaayi; 1605 venalkkaalathinte thudakkathil engleesh catholicar "niraashayude oru ghattatthile" athiyathaayi gaarnett rominode report cheythu.
joolaiyil fremlandil iruvarum veendum kandumutty. thaan enthengilum uddeshichittundengil enthaanu cheythathennu nokkaan thaan aagrahikkunnu" ennu gaarnett kettsbiyodu paranju. aadyam aaa niyamatthinte niyamasaadhuthayilekku thanne addeham shradhikkanam, thudarnnu komanveltthinuvendi suhruthukkaleyum aavasyamulla vyakthikaleyum veruthe vidaathavidham niraparaadhikalekkurichu addehathinu athramathram bahumanam undaakaruth."purohithanodu kooduthal parayaan kettsbi vaagdaanam cheythappol, gaarnett nirasichu" namukkellavarkkum shaanthathayude utharavaadithavum mattullavaril ninnu samanamaaya karyangal vaangaanulla utharavaadithavum njaan addehathodu paranju."gaarnett [vilyam parker, 4-aamm baaran montegal] maayi samsaarikkukayum" "catholicarc raajaavinethire aayudangal upayogichu thangalude punk nannakkaan kazhiyumo" "ennu chodikkukayum cheythu, pakshe monteegalinte marupadi avyakthamaayirunnu". gaarnett aaa samayat paarshwalkkarikkappettikkindi ezhuthukaaran alaan hains abhipraayappedunnu.
kuttasammatham mudra.
gaarnett pinneedu thanikk ariyillennu avakashappettu [[vedimarunnu goodaalochana]|juulai 24 vare kettsbiyude designukal, pithaav [ooswald tessimond] addehathe sameepikkunnathuvare. "budhimaanum chinthaparanumaaya oru manushyan", tesimont thante padhathiyekkurichu kettsbi aduthide paranjathinaal thante meludyogasthante upadesham aagrahichu. tesimontinte vivarangal [kuttasammatham, catholica sabhayude mudra] ennivaykku keezhil nalkappettathayi gaarnett kandu.|kuttasammatham], pinneedu kettsbiyude padhathiyekkurichu arcum munnariyipp nalkaan kazhiyillennu addeham avakashappettu. addehathinte swantham vivaranamanusarichu juulai 24-nuu iruvarum moonnaamathe koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. eathenkilum padhathikku sramikkunnathinu munbu maarppaappayod samsaarikkanamenn abhyarthichu aalukalil ninnu thanikk labhicha oru kathu addeham kettsinu vaayichu, pakshe kandethappedumenn bhayann kettsbi nirasichu. athinaal gaarnett akwaviwak ezhuthi, niravadhi akramangal pottippurappedunnathu thadanjuvennum "chila swakaarya sramangal raajyadrohamo raajaavinethire balaprayogamo nadathiyekkaamenna apakadasaadhyathayundennum" addeham samshayichu. parajayappetta upa goodaalochanaye thudarnnu thaan cheythathupole, balaprayogathinethire parasyamaayi munnariyipp nalkaan addeham maarppaappayod abhyarthichu, eee munnariyipp velil ninnu pinmaarunnavare lakshyamaakkanamenn nirddeshichu goodaalochanayekkurichulla thante arivu marachuvekkaan shramichu. ithe sandesham nalkaan addeham [sarr edmund bainham]-neey ayakkukayum juulai 28 nuu paarlament nirtthivachappol, apakadam ozhivaakkappettuvenn gaarnett svayam thripthippeduthukayum cheythu.
august august addeham aan vox, avalude sahodari [[elanor brooksby]], avalude anantharavan [[vilyam brooksby]], bhaarya dorothy ennivarodoppam enfieldinu sameepamulla velutha valayil aayirunnu. kurachu divasangalkku sesham samgham [hollywell, flinshire] enna sthalathekku [[sent winefriedinte kinarilekku] theerthaadanatthinu purappettu.|hollie well]] inn weils. avar [joonn graantilekku (vedimarunnu plott) yaatra cheythu.|englandile vorsestarinu sameepamulla [[norbrook]] joonn graantinte] veedu, [[[huddington kodathi]]|vorsttar], [[shroosbury]], oduvil veyilsilekku. [everard digby], bhaarya, avarude rahasya chaplane [edward ooldkarn], [[nicolaus ooven (rakthasakshi)] ennivarulppede ekadesham 30 perr padinjarottu yaatra cheythu.|nicolas ooven]. veyilsil ninnu madangiyethiya sesham, gaarnett aan voxinoppam aduthide maricha [thomas treasham randaamante] veettilekkulla [[rashtan haal]] yaatra cheythu.|thomas treasham] (pithaav [[francis treasham]]). avide ninnu avar buckinghamshare [geharst house] enna digbyude veettilekku pooyi. thante suhruthukkaludeyum kudumbaangaludeyum veedukalil niravadhi kuthirakal shekharikkappedunnunde vox samshayichu, "eee kaattuthirakalkk kayyil entho undenna" bhayam avalkk undennu sammathichu. kettsbiyumaayi samsarikkaan aval avanodu aavasyappettu, pakshe pakaram flandezhsil oru kammeeshan thedukayaanennu gaarnett avalkk urappu nalki. aaa aavashyathinaayi thanne gaarnett kettsbikkaayi oru shupaarsha kathu ezhuthi. octoberil vox eee vishayam veendum unnayichappol, "paarlamentinte thudakkathil aaghaatham paasaakkappettukazhinjal" evideyaanu pinmaarendathennu niravadhi sthreekal thannodu chodichuvennu avakaashappettukond, gaarnett veendum flandezhsine paraamarshichu, ennirunnaalum voxinte chodyam cheyyal addehathe aazhathil aashankappeduthiyirikkanam ennu fraser soochippikkunnu.
arast, thadavu.
[[fayal joonn dii kritts dhii elder (2) ezhuthiya salisburyile 1st erl, roobert sessil.jeey. pii. jii|sariyaanu.|nere|thallaviral|[[salisburyile onnaam earl roobert sessil], gaarnettine chodyam cheytha privy kaunsilinte bhaagamaayirunnu.]]
november november gaarnett [[kaphtan courtil] aayirunnappol [[thomas betts]] goodaalochanayude paraajayathekkurichu vaartha konduvannu. veyilsil pinthuna uyarthaan sahaayikkanamenn kettsbi aagrahichu, avide catholica pinthuna kooduthal undaakumenn karuthiyirunnuvenkilum gaarnett bhayapettu. kettsbikkum digbick ezhuthiya kathil, avarude "dushtapravartthanangal" upekshichu maarppaappayude upadesham palikkaan addeham avarodu abhyarthichu. aazhchakalolam olivil kazhinjenkilum oduvil 1606 januvari januvari [[hindlip haalil]] arast cheyyappettu. avide, ettu divasathekku, avanum phra. [edward ooldkoon] (pinneedu anugraheeta edward ooldkoon ennu beatify cheyyappettu) kaalukal neettaano nilcano polum kazhiyaatha oru cheria idungiya sthalathu svayam sravichu. kettidatthinte gadanaykkullil olippichirikkunna oru cheria kudivella vaikkol vazhi avarkk avarude samrakshakaril ninnu upajeevanam labhichu, pakshe [[comed]] allengil drainage illaathe oduvil olivil ninnu puratthuvaraan "prakrithi achaarangal" avare nirbandhitharaakkukayum udan thanne pidikoodukayum cheythu. avare aadyam [holt fleettilekku] kondupoyi.|holt kaasil] vorcestershayarilum kurachu divasangalkku sesham landanilum. gaarnett appozhum thante agnipareekshayil ninnu durbalanaayirunnu, athinaal salisbury addehathinu oru nalla parvvatham nalkaan utharavittu; addehathinte saadhanangalkk rajaavu panam nalki. samghathodoppam oru purittan mantriyum undaayirunnu, addeham "thadassamillaathe deerghaneram shabdamuyarthi", ennaal gaarnettinte prathikaranangal vivekapoornnavum hraswavum vyakthavumaayirunnu-ithu manthriyude niraashaykk kaaranamaayi. landanilethiyappol addehathe [[westminstarile]] [[gettu house jayil]] lake kondupoyi, avide addehathinte anantharavan, pithaav [[thomas gaarnett]] ulppede niravadhi catholica thadavukaar thaamasichirunnu.
1606 februvari februvari gaarnett aadyamaayi privy kaunsilinu munnil prathyakshappettu. sannihitharaayirunnu [[joonn popham (jadji)]|joonn popam, [edward kookk], sarr [vilyam vaad], [edward somerset, vorsestarile naalaamathe eal]|vorsttar], [henry howard, northaampttanile 1st erl|northaamptan], [chaals howard, nottingamile 1st erl|nottingham], [roobert sessil, salisburyile 1st erl]|salisbury]. upariplavamaayi, avar avanodu bahumaanathode perumari, avarude thoppikal neekkam cheyyukayum "misttar gaarnett" ennu abhisambodhana cheyyukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum aan voxumaayulla bandhathe avar kaliyaakki, avan avalude kaamukanaanennu avakashappettu, avalude kuttasammatham allah. chodyam cheyyalinide addeham thante chila neekkangal sammathikkukayum november 6 nuu kettsbiyude kathu thanikk labhichathaayum ennaal goodaalochanayil pankundennu addeham nishedhichu, athil amgangalude peru addeham paranjilla. thante thattikkondupoyavarkku parajayappetta padhathiyil maathrame thaalpparyamulloovennum thante peru maaychukalayaan kazhiyumennu vishwasikkunnuvennum gaarnettin bodhyamundaayi, ennaal kaunsilarmaar addehathodu [[samshayathinte sidhaanthathe] kurichu chodikkukayum cheythu. francis treashaaminte swathukkalil ninnu kandethiya "mathavirudhavum raajyadrohaparavum nindyavumaaya pusthakangalilonnaya" eee vishayathekkurichulla addehathinte swantham grandham addehathinte munbil kaunsil meshappurathu vechirunnu. nunaye apalapichuvenkilum, udaaharanathinu, oru purohitan thante veettil undaayirikkumbol chodyam cheyyumbol, oru catholica "manassil oru rahasya ardham sookshichirikkukayaanel" "illa" ennu "manassakshiyil surakshithamaayi" utharam nalkumenna ashayathe gaarnettinte prabandham pinthunachu. oru catholica niyamaparamaayi thettidhaaranakal upayogichekkaavunna avasarangal parimithamaanennu addeham karuthiyenkilum atharam prathikaranangal nishkalankathayudeyo vanchanayudeyo udaaharanamaayi edukkaam-prathyekichu gaarnett thante cases theliyikkunnathu kaanaan aagrahikkaatha rajasabhayodu. kaunsilinte thettidhaaranakalekkurillu kaazhchappaad gaarnettil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaayirunnu. avarude kannil athu lalithamaaya vanchanayaayirunnu.
pittennu, gaarnettine [[lunden gopuram]] lake maatti, addeham athine "valare mikacha oru arra" ennu visheshippichu. aduppinu kidakkayum kalkary labhikkaan kurachu samayameduthenkilum addehathinu bhakshanam [[klaarett]] nalki. mathathekkurichulla thante prasamgangal "akramasakthavum napumsaka" maayitheernnengilum gopuratthile lafttanant vilyam vaad thannodu nannayi perumariyennu addeham avakashappettu.
gaarnettinte sameepakaala chodyam cheyyal palathil aadyathethu mathramaayirunnu. pothuve, addehathinte utharangal shradhaapoorvvam pariganikkukayum addehathinte chodyamcheyyunnavarodu nishkriyamaaya cheruthunilppu prakadippikkukayum cheythu; [[raakk (peedanam)]|[atharam bheeshanikal kuttikalkk maathramullathaan]" ennu addeham marupadi nalkia oru prathyeka saadhyathayaayirunnu "" minare istha puris "."  addeham upekshicha vivarangal parimithamaaya thaalpparyamullathaayirunnu. purohithante vishwaasam nedunnathinaayi kaari enna jailer purohithante vishwaasathil earppedukayum gettu house jayilil thante anantharavante aduthu kathukal ayaykkukayum cheythu. pinneedu kaari oru dwaramullah oru sellil gaarnett sthaapichu, athiloode ayal cellilulla ooldkroonumaayi samsarikkaan kazhinju. eee krithyamaaya aavashyathinaayi nirmmicha oru sthalathu" ninnu, rund sarkkar kelkkunnavarkk rund purohithanmaar thammilulla sambhaashanangalude vishadaamshangal rekhappeduthaan kazhinju. avarude ashayavinimayangal mikkavarum niraparaadhikalaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum oru avasarathil thaan valareyadhikam veenju kudichuvennu gaarnett sammathichathum pinneedu avar thaamasicha samayat rekhappeduthiya mattu kuttakaramaya thelivukalum addehathinethire upayogichu. anantharavan, aan vox ennivarumaayulla addehathinte ashayavinimayangalum thadanju. eee kathukalil bhooribhaagavum avar uddeshicha sweekarthaavine kandethi, pakshe vaad aadyam vaayikkunnathinumbu allah, avar salisbury ariyikkukayum cheythu. kaunsilinte thelivukal "anumaanangalallathe matonnumallennum, oru samsthaana vichaaranaykk aparyaapthamaanennum gaarnett voxinode paranjenkilum march aadyam addeham peedanatthinte falamaayirikkaam sammathichathu. kaunsilum rajaavum garnettinekkurichu kooduthal chodyangal chodichathupole, voxineyum rund thavana arast cheyyukayum chodyam cheyyukayum cheythu, avaril randaamatheyaalkku daivashaasthraparamaaya kaaryangalil thante abhipraayathil thaalpparyamundaayirunnu.
kettsbiyude padhathiyil bhayappettuvenn avakaashappettengilum, "vaikia podi nadapadiyude kaaryatthil ningalude prabhukkanmarumaayi valare karuthalode edapettuvennu" sammathicha addehathinte prakhyapanam, goodaalochanayekkurichu thanikk munkootty ariyamaayirunnuvennum avarude kazhchappadil addeham kuttakkaaranaanennum sarkkaarin thelivu nalki.
vichaarana.
[[fayal edward kookk.jeey. pii. jii|sariyaanu.|nere|thallaviral|1586 muthal ellah raajyadrohangalilum gaarnett ulppettittundennu sarr [edward kookk] aaropichu.]]
1606 march 28 velliyazhchayaanu gaarnettinte vichaarana nadannathu. addehathe [[landanile gildalhall] lake kondupoyi.|] adacha pariseelakan; oru asaadhaarana reethi, thadavukaar saadhaaranayaayi vichaaranayilekku nadakkaarundennu pariganikkumbol, oru sahaanubhoothiyulla janakkoottathil ninnulla pinthunayekkurichu adhikaarikalkk kurachu aashankayundaakaam. raavile raavile aarambhicha vichaarana divasam muzhuvan neenduninnu. king jaims (pothujana kaazhchayil ninnu maranjirikkunnu), [lady arbella stuvartt], [catherine howard, kaundas oof safolk] ennivayulppede niravadhi kottarakkaar pankedutthu. thimingalangal, allengil darsey, allengil roberttukal, allengil karshakar, allengil phillips" enniva ulppedunna vividha aparanamangalumaayi gaarnett avatharippikkappettu. 1605 juun juun rajavineyum makaneyum kollanum "raajyathinte sarkkarineyum englandil sthaapithamaaya daivathinte sathyaradhana mattaanum attimarikkaanum" kettsbiyumaayi goodaalochana nadathiyathaayi addehathinethire aaropikkapettu. prabhubavanam vedimarunnu upayogichu takarkkaan mattu niravadhi perumaayi goodaalochana nadathiyathaayum iyaalkkethire aaropikkapettu. kuttakkaaranalla" ennu addeham vaadichu.
sarkkarinu vendi samsaaricha [edward kookk] addeham englandilekku madangiyethiya 1586 muthal ellah raajyadrohangalilum earppettathaayi aaropichu. kookk parayunnathanusarichu, pravishya meludyogasthan [[pradhana plottil] ulppettirunnu.|maine], [[bye [[bye goodaalochanakal. goodaalochanakal goodaalochanaykku maarppaappayude amgeekaaram nedunnathinaayi addeham romilek [edmund bainham] ayakkukayum novemberil kaugdanil aayirikkumbol "mahathaaya pravartthanatthinte vijayathinaayi" praarthikkukayum cheythirunnu. gaarnett ennu vilikkappedunna kookk "anchu dii. esukalude doctor, athaayath, apakeerthippeduthal, rajakumaaranmaare sthaanabhrashtaraakkal, rajyangal nirveeryamaakkal, prajakale bhayappeduthunnathum thadayunnathum, nashavum". aan voxumaayulla anuchithamaya bandhathekkurichu paraamarshikkappettittundum, addeham thettidhaarana sidhaantham paalikkunnath angeyattam doshakaramaanennu thelinju. spanish raajyadrohathil gaarnettin oru pankumillennu avakaashappedunna francis treasham ezhuthiya maranasayyayile kathu urakke vaayichu. iruvarum aduthide kandumuttiyathayi sarkkar thelivukal undengilum "pathinanjo pathinaro varsham munbu" gaarnett kandittillenn treasham avakashappettu. gaarnett aaa kathu kandirunnilla, athu athu munbulla sambhavangaleyaan paraamarshikkunnathenn ariyillaayirunnu, 1605ll allah. "ente yajamanane, addeham thettidharikkaan uddeshichirikkaam" ennu paranjallaathe addehathinu athu vishadeekarikkaan kazhinjilla."
englandile elisabath onnaamanethire jesuit prothsaahippicha goodaalochanakalekkurichulla prasthavanakal|elisabath raajnji] kodathiyil vaayikkukayum goodaalochanakkaarude chila kuttasammatham nadathukayum cheythu. eee sidhaanthathekkurichulla swantham grandhatthiloode gaarnett thante thettidhaaranakalude upayogathe prathirodhichu. ooldkronumaayulla thante sambhashanam rahasyamayathinaal addeham nishedhichirunnu, ennaal vishwaasathinte kaaryangalil, thettidhaarana orikkalum niyamaparamallenn addeham paranju. marpappa jaims raajaavine bahishkarichaal enthucheyyumennu salisbury chodichappol addeham "utharam nalkaan visammathichu". addehathinte thettidhaaranakale prathirodhichathine kookk apamaanichu, addeham athine "thurannathum vishalavumaaya nunakal parayukayum upekshikkukayum cheiyunnu" ennu vilichu. tesimontinte kuttasammatham sambandhichidatholam, aasoothrithamaaya kolapathakam aaa samayat nadannittillathathinaal gaarnettin sarkkaarine eluppathil ariyikkaamaayirunnuvennu salisbury paranju. kuttasammatham mudrayil vechaanu ithu nirmmichathenna ashayathe salisbury akramikkukayum niraparaadhikalude maranathekkurichu kettsbiyumaayulla kooduthal saadhaarana sambhaashanathin sesham gaarnettin adhikaarikalkk munnariyipp nalkaamaayirunnuvenn avakaashappedukayum cheythu; purohitan marupadi nalkiyathu aaa samayat kettsbiyude chodyangalude prasakthi thanikk manassilayilla ennaanu. northaampttanile erl laattin bhashayil paranju, "nirodhanamillaathathum pottastum, joobett" (oru manushyan thanikk kazhiyumbol nirodhikkaathathu, addeham utharavidunnu). kettsbye munnott pookunnathil ninnu thaan vilakkiyirunnuvenna gaarnettinte prathirodham vyarthamaayirunnu.
gaarnett raajyadrohakkuttam chumathiyennu theerumaanikkaan juurii pathinanju minittedutthu. [thookkikkollappedukayum varaykkukayum quarter cheyyukayum] cheyyanamennu addehathe shikshichu.
vadhasiksha.
vichaaranayude pittennu gaarnett oru puthiya prasthavana nadatthi, athu treshamumaayulla thante edapaadukal vyakthamaakkumenn addeham pratheekshichu. sariyaaya oru rajaavinethiraaya akramathekkurichulla thante nilapad aavarthichukondu addeham rajaavinu kathezhuthi. sarkkar kallam parayukayum avar tessimond pidicheduthathaayi parayukayum cheythappol, kazhinja varshathe avarude sambhaashanathinte swabhaavathekkurichu addeham purohitanu shamaapanam nadatthi. kazhinja kurachu maasangalaayi thante bhagyakkuravu sambandhichu epril 21 nuu addeham aan voxinu oru avasana kathum ezhuthi.
gopuratthil ekadesham moonnu maasam chelavazhicha sesham, 1606 meyy 3 shaniyazhcha oru thadi thadassathil gaarnett kettukayum moonnu kuthirakal sent polinte pallithottathilekku kondupookukayum cheythu.|[pazhaya sent polinte cathedralinte] [pallithottam]|sent pools]. vasthrangalkkum thoppikkum mukalil karutha vasthram dharicha addeham yaathrayude bhooribhaagavum kaikal orumichu adachu chelavazhichu. [lunden nagaratthile shereefukal] pallithottatthil sannihitharaayirunnu.|[[henry montagu, maanchasttarile 1st erl], [[lunden sherief]]|sarr henry montag], [jorjju abbot (bishop)|jorjju abbot], [[joonn mothatthil (bishop)]|joonn ovarl]. kooduthal raajyadrohangalekkurich enthengilum ariamo ennu chodichappol, thanikk onnum parayaanillenn gaarnett marupadi nalki. protestantisathinaayi thante vishwaasam upekshikkaanulla abhyarthanakale addeham nirasikkukayum raajaavinethire oru kuttavum cheythittillenn parayukayum cheythu. kuttasammatham nadathunnathinulla nibandhanakal paalichathinum aaa nadapadiyiloode addeham rajaavineyo bharanakoodatheyo vranappeduthiyirunnel kshama chodichathinum maathramaan thaan shikshikkappedumennu addeham karuthiyath. ithu kuttasammatham aanennu recorder prakhyaapichu, ennaal gaarnett thante kuttabodhamillaatha apeksha aavarthikkukayum vishayam vaadikkunnathu thudarukayum cheythu.
gaarnett thante vadhashikshayude theeyathi, meyy 3, [kurishile utsavam] eduthukaanikkukayum thante niraparaadhithvam aavarthikkukayum cheythu. avarude bandham anuchithamaayirunnuvenna avakaashavaadangalil ninnu addeham aan voxine prathirodhichu. thudarnnu addeham govanik thaazhe praarthichu, "kaatt athu pottikkathirikkaan" thante neelamulla, thayyal shirt dharichu govani kayari. thaan "orikkalum oru yadhaartha, ennaal thikanja katholikkanaayi marikkaan uddeshichirunnuvennu" prekshakaril aakshepakaramaaya oru amgathinu marupadi nalkikkond munnott vanna oru protestant mantriye addeham avaganichu. gaarnett ithinodu viyojichuvenkilum "naamellaavarum catholicaraanu" ennu bishop ovarl prathishedhichu. addeham orikkalkkoodi praarthanakal nadathukayum thudarnnu govanil ninnu eriyappedukayum cheythu. vadhashikshaykk vidheyanaayayaalkk avane jeevanode murichumaattunnathinu munbu, janakkoottathil palarum avante kaalukal valichedukkukayum thalphalamaayi, gaarnettin avante kadinamaaya shikshayude backie anubhavikkan kazhinjilla. vadhikkappettayal gaarnettinte hridayam uyarthippidichu "oru raajyadrohiyude hridayam nokkoo" enna parambaraagatha vaakkukal paranjappol kayyadi undaayilla. lunden paalatthile oru thoonil addehathinte thala vechirunnuvenkilum athinte puthiyathum kalankamillaathathumaaya roopathil aakrishtaraaya prekshakarude oru koottam oduvil thala mukalilekku tirikkaan sarkkaarine nirbandhitharaakki, athinaal athinte mukham drishyamaayilla.
[[fayal oonl (1887) <aii. dii. 1>-vaikkol mukhathu, madaadhipathiyude antholajiyayil ninnu, <aii. dii. 2>|thallaviral|1613-leeii madaadhipathiyude antholajiyayil ninnulla vaikkol mukhavum gaarnettinte chhaayaachithrathil kaanam. ]]
vadhasiksha nadanna sthalathu ninnu rakshichathum gaarnettinte prathichaaya vahikkunnathayi parayunnathumaaya oru rakthakarayulla vaikkol kauthukathinte vishayamaayi maari. [franch viplavam] samayat nashtappedunnathinumbu athu raajyathin puratthekku yeshuvinte samoohathinte kaivashathilekku kadathiyirunnu.
ezhuthukal.
gaarnettinte rachanakalil "bhinnathaye prathirodhikkunnathire oru shamaapanam" (1593), [thomas bell (catholica purohitan) ennu addeham saasicha sabhaykkethiraaya akramanam [[paappist]] enniva ulppedunnu.|[[charchu oof englandu]] idaykkide communiane pinthunaykkunnathinu thomas bell]. ithinethudarnnu "kristheeya thyaagathinte oru prabandham" (1593), athil catholicar avarude vishwaasathinaayi thyajikkaan thayyarakunnathinekkuri udharanikalude oru thiranjeduppu ulppedunnu, koodaathe "japamalayude samooham" (1593-1594)
[maanasika samvarana sidhaantham] enna parisheelanatthe addeham prathirodhichu.|nuna parayunnathinum vanjanaaparamaaya apabhramshathinum ethiraaya oru prabandhatthil"] prasidheekarichu (sii. 1598), yadhaarthathil "oru thettidhaaranayude prabandham" ennu perittirunnu."addehathinte protestant samakaalikaril bhooribhaagavum eee thettidhaaranaye poornnamaayum kallamaanennu apalapichu. [[vilyam shakespeare] polum "[[mcbeth]]" ennathil gaarnettine thaazhepparayunna variyode soochippichirikkaam "daivathinuvendi mathiyaya raajyadroham cheythavar aaraanennum ennittum swargathilekku thettidharikkaan kazhinjilla", ennirunnaalum shakespeareude vyakthiparamaaya kaazhchappaadukal anjjaathamaanu.
paraamarshangal.
kurippukal
adikkurippukal
grandhasoochika
baahya linkukal.
linkukal jananagal]]
jananagal]] maranangal]]
[[vargamingleesh pravaasikal]]
[[vargammaarppaappa samsthaanangalile janangal]]
[[vargambombu chathayalakkaar]]
[[varggamdarshiyil ninnu vadikkappetta aalukal]]
aalukal]] noottaandile engleesh jesuitukal]]
jesuitukal]] noottaandile engleesh jesuitukal]]
[[vargamheenoril ninnulla aalukal]]
[[varggamvinchesttar collegil vidyaabhyaasam nediyavar]]
[[vargamingland raajyam thookkikkonnu konna aalukal]]
[[varggamlandan gopuratthile thadavukaar]]

