
kalmar

baltic kadalinaduthayi sthithi cheiyunna sweedante thekkukizhakkan bhaagathulla oru nagaramaan kalmar (,,). 2010ll 36,392 nivaasikalulla ithu kalmar munisippaalittiyude aasthaanamaanu. motham 236,399 nivaasikalulla (2015) 12 munisippaalittikal ulppedunna kalmar kaundiyude thalasthaanam koodiyaanithu. pravishyayile moonnaamathe valia nagarapradesavum smandile saamskaarika mekhalayumaanu kalmar.
pathimoonnaam noottaand muthal pathinezhaam noottaand vare sweedante ettavum pradhanappetta nagarangalilonnaan kalmar. 1602num 1913num idayil ithu oru bishappulla kalmar roopathayude episcopal zee aayirunnu, 1702 muthalulla kalmar cathedral klaasikkist vaasthuvidyayude oru udaaharanamaanu. kalmar kottayude kendramaayi ithu oru kottakettya nagaramaayi maari. 1658-leeii roskilde udambadikku sesham pathonpathaam noottaandil vyavasaya mekhala aarambikkunnathuvare kalmarinte praadhaanyam kuranju. linnaeus sarvakalaashaalayude chila bhagangal eee nagarathilundu.
sweedante ettavum valia sangeetha pradarshana paripaadikalilonnaaya live attu hart festivalinu eee nagaram aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu.
oolaand paalathinu mukaliloode oolaand dveepilekkulla pradhana paathayodu chernnaanu kalmar sthithi cheiyunnathu.
charithram.
kalmarinu chuttumulla pradeshathu purathana kaalam muthal janavaasamund. khananangalil shilaayugathile shavakudeerangalude avashishtangal kandethiyittundu. ennirunnaalum, oru pattanam undennathinte ettavum pazhaya thelivu pathinonnam noottaandil ninnullathaanu. oru madhyakala naadodi katha anusarichu, norwegian rajaavaaya vishudha olaav thante kappalukal kalmarilekku maatti. 1255num 1267num edayilulla kalmaarinte ettavum pazhaya nagara mudra scandinaviayile ariyappedunna ettavum pazhaya nagara mudrayaayi maarunnu. 
panthrandaam noottaandil kaavalkkarkkum nireekshanathinumaayi oru vrithaakrithiyilulla gopuram nirmmichukondu oru kottayude aadya adithara sthaapikkappettu. 13-aamm noottaandil gopuram thudarchayaayi vikasippikkukayum, athupole, maargarat raajnji sweeden, norway raashtrathalavanmaarkkidayi oru sammelanam vilikkukayum, 1397 juulai 13 nuu kalmar union udambadi oppidukayum, athu 1523 vare neendunilkkukayum cheythu. danish athirthikkaduthulla kalmaarinte thanthraparamaaya sthaanam (scanian land cheiyunna samayat, athaayath.iii. blecking, haaland, scania ennee pravishyakal denmaarkkinte bhaagamaayirunnu), koodaathe athinte thuramukhavum vyapaaravum niravadhi kalahangalil ulppettirunnu. 1505ll kalmar rakthachorichiline swathanthramaayi visheshippicha rund sambhavangal undu aadyathethu 1505ll denmarkile rajaavaaya joonn, norway, sweeden ennivar kalmar meyarineyum sitti kaunsilineyum vadhichu; randaamathethu 1599ll duke chaalsinte neethrthwathil, pinneedu sweeden rajaavaaya chaals onpathamanaayi.
1540-kalil, aadyathe rajaavaaya gustav vasayum pinneedu addehathinte puthranmaraaya sweedankaaranaaya eric pathinaraman sweedankaaranaaya joonn moonnaman kottayude punarnirmmaanam samghadippichu, athu innathe mahathaaya navothaana kottayaayi.
1603ll kalmar oru roopathayaayi maari, 1915 vare aaa sthaanam nilaninnirunnu. 1634ll kalmar kaundi sthaapikkappettu, kalmar swaabhaavika thalasthaanamaayi. 1660ll nicodemus tessin dhii eldarinte chithrangaliloodeyaanu kalmar cathedral aarambhichath. 1703ll ithu udghaadanam cheyyappedum.
kalmar kottayude danish uparodhathil ninnu aarambhicha kalmar yudhathil ithu anubhavichu. kalmaarinte charithratthile ettavum irunda varshamaayi 1611 paraamarshikkappedunnu, pakshe oru tharatthilum oreyoru irunda varshamalla; kottayude sameepat dhaaraalam raktham chorinjittundu. avasaanatheth 1670-kalil nadanna scanian yudhathinideyaayirunnu, athinaal motham 22 uparodhangal undaayittund; ennirunnaalum kotta orikkalum pidichedukkappettilla.
1658-leeii roskilde udambadikku sesham, athirthikal kooduthal thekkott punarnirmmichathinaal kalmarinte thanthraparamaaya praadhaanyam kramena kuranju. 1689-ll rajaavu thante pradhana naavika thaavalam calscronayil sthaapikkukayum sweedante pradhana sainika autposttukalilonnaaya kalmarinu padavi nashtappedukayum cheythu.
kalmar cathedral.
1600kalude madhyathil karnaholmenil puthiya nagaramaya kalmar nirmikkappettu. pazhaya pattanatthil ninnulla kaimaattam 1658 oode poortthiyaayi. nilavile barok paattenukal pinthudarnnaanu puthiya, kottakettya pattanam aasoothranam cheythath. cathedral taunn haalum puthiya pradhana square stortorjettinu kuruke parasparam abhimukeekarikkunnu. 
nicodemus tessin dhii elder roopakalppana cheytha eee cathedral sweedante barok klaasikkisatthinte ettavum pradhanappetta udaaharanangalilonnaanu. puthiya shaili, aradhana parigananakal, paarambaryam, kotta-nagara aavasyakathakal enniva thammilulla sankeernamaaya edapedal athinte roopakalppana prathifalippikkunnu. 1660ll punny aarambhichenkilum scanian yuddham (1675-1679) pottippurappettathulpetta niravadhi avasarangalil athu thadassappettu. nirmmaanam punaraarambhichu, 1703ll kalmar cathedral poortthiyaayi.
innu.
sameepakaalath, kalmar verkstaad neeravi enchinukal, trainukal, valia yanthrangal enniva nirmmikkunna oru vyaavasaayika nagaramaan kalmar, pinneedu 2005 ll factory adacha bombardier vaangi. kalmar varvu enna kappalsala 1679 ll sthaapikkukayum 1981 ll adachupoottukayum cheythu. volvo avarude kalmar factory kaarukal nirmmikkunnathinayi thurannu.iii. 1974ll 264,740,760,960 ennam avasaanichenkilum 1994ll athu avasanippikkukayum 1990kalilum 2000kalilum vyavasaya jolikal kooduthal sthalam maattiyathine thudarnnu ekadesham 2000 vyavasaya jolikal nashtappedukayum cheythu. kalmaril 9,000 vidyaarthikalulla oru sarvakalashaalayum telea soneraykkaayi oru gaveshana soukaryavumundu.
phoosil indhana upayogam kuraykkunnathinulla samagramaya oru padhathi kalmar aarambhichittund. 450 oolam perr jolie cheiyunna oru praadeshika trucking sthaapanam indhanakshamatha nireekshikkunna computerukal sthaapikkukayum deesal upayogam 10 sathamaanam kuraykkukayum cheythu, ithu oru varshathinullil upakaranangalude vila nalki. bhaaviyile vimaanakkambanikalkku biodiesel upayogichu indhanam nalkaan kambani ippol shramikkunnu.
oru valia thadi pulp plaant orikkal maalinyamaayi puratthuvanna neeravi, chooduvellam enniva upayogappeduthi, nilatthinu thaazheyulla paippukaliloode choodaakkukayum swantham pravarthanangalkkum 20,000 veedukalkkum vaidyuthi nalkaan mathiyaya vaidyuthi uthppaadippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
saikkil pathakal saadhaaranamaanu; udaaharanathinu, calmarsandsledden kaarukalum kalmar nagaratthile pothu biogyas pambil niratthilundu. kettida kodukalkku ippol puthiya nirmmaanatthino retrofittukalkko thermal insulation kaaryakshamamaya janaalakalum aavasyamaanu. street laittukal kuranja oorjjamulla soodiyam bulbukal upayogikkunnu, kaar dealermar indhanakshamathayullathum hibrid vaahanangalum prothsaahippikkunnu.
2011ll guldfagellen mekhala aarambhichu. nagaratthile football teamaaya kalmar eph. ephinte puthiya stadiyamaanithu. 12, 000 perkku irikkaavunna stadium nilavil sweedanile ettavum puthiya stadiyangalilonnaanu. kacherikal samghadippikkunnathinaayi nirmmicha eee stadium 2011 leeii venalkkaalath sweedish kalakaaranmaaraaya hacken helstrom, pedakam ennivar avatharippichappol angane cheythu.
kaalavastha.
chila bhookhanda swaadheenangalulla samudra kaalavasthayaanu kalmarilullathu. venalkkaalam choodullathum shaithyakaalam valare thanuppullathum thaapanila saadhaaranayaayi poojyathinadutthaanu. ekkaalatheyum record sthaapicha kalmar ettavum chooderiya sweedish nagarangalil onnaanu. ennirunnaalum, thekkan sweedenil sharashari venalkkaala thaapanila saadhaaranamaanu.
sports.
thaazhepparayunna sports clubbukal kalmaril sthithicheyyunnu
eratta pattanangal-sahodari nagarangal.
pathinonnu nagarangalulla erattakalaanu kalmar