
magma chamber

bhoomiyude uparithalathinu thaazheyulla draavaka paarakalude oru valia kulamaanu magma chamber. atharamoru arayile urukia paara allengil magma, chuttumulla naadan parayekkaal saandrata kuravaanu, ithu magmayil uyarnna sakthikal srishtikkukayum athu mukalilekku nayikkukayum cheiyunnu. magma uparithalathilekkulla oru paatha kandethiyaal, athinte phalam oru agniparvvatha pottitheriyaayirikkum; thalphalamaayi, magma arakalkk mukalilaanu niravadhi agniparvvathangal sthithicheyyunnathu. 
eee arakal bhoomiyude aazhathil kandethaan prayaasamaan, athinaal ariyappedunnavayil bhooribhaagavum uparithalathodu aduthaanu, saadhaaranayaayi 1 kilometerinum 10 kilometerinum idayil thaazheyaan.
magma arakalude chalanathmakatha.
chuttumulla parayekkaal saandrata kuravaayathinaal puramthodinte thaazheyum kuruke ninnumulla villalukaliloode magma uyarunnu. magmaykku mukalilekkulla oru paatha kandethaan kazhiyaathappol athu oru magma arayilekku ozhukunnu. eee arakal saadhaaranayaayi kaalakramena, thudarchayaaya thirashcheenamo lambamo aaya magma kuthivayppukaliloodeyaanu nirmmikkunnath. puthiya magmayude ozhukk munbundaayirunna paralukalkk prathikaranamundaakkukayum arayile marddam vardhikkukayum cheiyunnu.
olivain polulla uyarnna dravananka gadakangal laayaniyil ninnu, prathyekichu arayude thanutha mathilukalkk sameepam, christalise cheyyukayum daathukkalude saandramaaya oru koottam roopappedukayum cheiyunnathinaal jeevikkunna magma thanukkaan thudangunnu (cumulative roock). thanuppikkumbol, puthiya dhaatu gattangal poorithamaavukayum paarayude tharam maarukayum cheiyunnu (udha.jii. fraakshanal chrystalisation), saadhaaranayaayi (1) gabbro, diorite, tonelite, graanait allengil (2) gabbro, diorite, sainait, graanait enniva roopappedunnu. magma oru arayil deerghakaalam vasikkunnundenkil, kuranja saandrathayulla gadakangal mukalilekku uyarukayum saandramaaya vasthukkal mungukayum cheythaal athu sthareekarikkan kazhiyum. parakal paalikalaayi adinjukoodukayum oru paalikalulla nuzhanjukayattam undaakkukayum cheiyunnu. thudarnnulla eathu pottitheriyum vyakthamaaya paalikalulla nikshepangal srishtikkaam; udaaharanathinu, 79 edii leeii vesuvius parvvathatthinte pottitheriyil ninnulla nikshepangalil magma arayude mukal bhaagath ninnu velutha pumisinte kattiyulla oru paali ulppedunnu, koodaathe samanamaaya chaaraniratthilulla pumisinte oru paali pinneedu arayude thaazhathe bhaagath ninnu pottitherichu.
arayude thanuppinte mattoru phalam, uraykkunna paralukal draavakamaayirikkumbol munbu alinja vaathakam (praadhamikamaayi neeravi) purathuvidukayum ithu arayile marddam uyaran kaaranamaakukayum orupakshe pottitheri undakkaan paryapthamaavukayum cheyyum ennathaanu. koodaathe, thaazhnna dravananka gadakangal neekkam cheiyunnathu magma kooduthal viscos aakkum (silikkettukalude saandrata vardhippikkunnathiloode). athinaal, oru magma chembarinte sthareekaranathin arayude mukalbhaagathulla maagmaykkullile vaathakathinte alavu vardhikkunnathinum eee magma kooduthal viscos akkunnathinum kaaranamaayekkam, ithu chamber sthareekarichittillengil undaakunnathinekkaal kooduthal spodanaathmakamaaya pottitheriyilekku nayichekkaam.
puramthodil thaarathamyena aazham kuranja thalatthil asaadhaaranamaaya oru valia magma chamber roopappedumbol maathrame supervolcano pottitherikal saadhyamaakoo. ennirunnaalum, supervolcanos uthppaadippikkunna tectonic krameekaranangalil magma ulppaadanathinte nirakk valare kuravaanu, ekadesham 0.002 km3 varsham-1, athinaal oru superaptionu vendi mathiyaya magma shekharikkaan 105 muthal 106 varsham vare edukkum. thaarathamyena cheria pottitherikalil enthukondaanu kuthichuchaattamulla silisic magma uparithalathilekku kooduthal thavana kadannupokaathathenna chodyam ithu uyarthunnu. chamber melkkoorayile paramavadhi amita sammarddam kuraykkunna praadeshika vipuleekaranathinteyum uyarnna phalapradamaaya wiscoelastity ulla choodulla mathilukalulla oru valia magma chembarinteyum samyojanam raiyolait dike roopeekaranathe adichamarthukayum atharam valia arakale magma niraykkaan anuvadikkukayum cheyyum.
agniparvvatha spodanathil magma uparithalathilekku vent cheythillengil, athu pathukke thanuppikkukayum aazhathil christalise cheyyukayum oru nuzhanjukayatta ignius body roopappedukayum cheyyum, udaaharanathinu, graanait allengil gabro kondu nirmmicha onnu (plutone kaanuka).
palappozhum, oru agniparvvathathinu niravadhi kilometer thazheyaayi aazhathilulla magma arra undayirikkaam, ithu kodumudiykku sameepam aazhamillaatha arra nalkunnu. bhookambashaasthram upayogichu magma arakalude sthaanam mapp cheyyaan kazhiyum bhookambangalil ninnulla bhookambatharamgangal khara paarakalekkaal draavaka paarakaliloode saavadhaanathil neengunnu, ithu magma arakale thirichariyunna mandagathiyilulla chalanatthinte pradeshangal krithyamaayi nirnnayikkaan alavukal anuvadikkunnu.
oru agniparvvatham pottitherikkumbol, chuttumulla paara shoonyamaaya arayilekku thakarnnuveezhum. arayude valippam ganyamaayi kurayukayaanengil, uparithalathile depression oru caldera roopappeduthum.
udaaharanagal.
1974ll guha paryaveshakanaaya aarni bii kandethiya trinukagigarile aislaandil. 2012ll vinodasanchaarathinaayi thuranna stephaansan, sandarshakarkku liftt eduthu surakshithamaayi magma arayilekku erangaan kazhiyunna lokathile eaka agniparvathamaanu.