
albaniayile bectashism

albaniayile automan niyanthrana kaalaghattatthil albanian jaanissarikaliloode albaniayilekku vyaapicha oru islaamika soofi kramamaanu bektashi kramam (bektashi kramam kaanuka). albaniayile muslim janasamkhyayude 20 sathamaanavum raajyathe janasamkhyayude 2.5 sathamaanavum bekthashikalaanu. albaniayil, bektashi kramam desasnehaparavum desheeyavaadaparavumaaya swabhaavam sweekarikkukayum albanian deseeya unarvil pradhana punk vahikkukayum cheythu. svayam nirnnayathinum deseeya svayambharanathinumulla albanian prasthaanangalile pramukha amgangalaanu bektashi nethaakkal, ithu albeniyakkaarkidayil janapreeti nedunnathinu kaaranamaayi, koodaathe albaniayile bektashi samoohathile bhooribhaagathinum, eee kramavumaayulla avarude bandham yadhaartha mathavishwaasathekkaal saamskaarika paithrukathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. daarmmikathaye sambandhichidatholam, "ningalude kaikaludeyum naavinteyum arakkettudeyum yajamaananaakuka" enna varii bektashi paalikkunnu, athaayath moshtikkaruth, nuna parayaruthu, alasanaayi samsaarikkaruth, vyabhicharam cheyyaruthu.
charithram.
automan kaalaghattam.
pathinaram noottaandil devashirma sanbradaayathinte bhaagamaayi automanmaar valarthiya balcan kuttikal ulppedunna automan saamraajyathile uyarnna raankulla sainika saamoohika vibhaagathile amgangalaaya jaanissarikaliloodeyaanu bektashi kramam pradhaanamaayum albaniayil vyaapichath, ithu aadyamaayi saltic (albanian bhashayil saari saltech) enna roopavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. jaanissarikalil palarum yadhaarthathil albeniyakkaaraayirunnu. innathe vadakkan macedoniayile tettovayil sersem alii baabayude "teke" (albanian bhashayil "teke") pathinaram noottaandinte madhyathilaanu sthaapithamaayathennu aitihyam parayunnu, ithu albanian samsaarikkunna pradeshathe ettavum pazhaya tekkeyayi maarum. pershyan, turkish missionarymar abhimukeekarikkunna bhasha thadassangal kanakkileduthu bectashism pathiye albaniayilekku vyaapichu; bektashi missionarymaare demetokayile bektashi kendratthil ninnu albaniayilekku ayachu, saadhaaranayaayi moonnu peradangunna samghangalaayi. 14, 15 noottaandukalilaanu aadyathe missionarymar athiyathu.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil thekkan baalkkanukalile ivlia selibiyude yaathrakalil, 1660 ll mitrovikkayil bektashi tekkukaludeyum kosovoyil kakkaanikkinteyum saannidhyam sradhikkappettu. koodaathe, 1670-leeii venalkkaalath selibiyude thekkan albanian paryadanatthil, kaaninayilum vlorayilum bektashi tekkukalude saannidhyavum addeham shradhichu. 1780-ll aasim baabayude keezhil "tekkeja iii sallit" (graval teke) nirmmaanam albeniyaykkullil bektashi kramatthinte valarchaykku aditharayittu, thudarnnu albeniyayiludaneelam kooduthal tekkukalude nirmmaanam nadannu-prathyekichu 1790 num 1825 num edayilulla kaalayalavil, athil bektashi kramam albanian samsaarikkunna pradeshangalil sakthamaaya saannidhyam nilanirtthi. dakshina albaniayile bektaashisatthinte vipuleekaranam kramavumaayi bandhappedukayum athinte vipuleekaranam prolsaahippikkukayum cheytha ioninayile alii paashayude bharanavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. alii paasha bektashi darvishukale chaaranmaraayum nayatantra ejantumaaraayum upayogichu; ithu bushati kudumbatthile (skudaariyile pashalik bharanaadhikaariyaayirunna) mustafa pasha bushatli bektashi darvishukale aliyude chaaranmaaraanenna aashanka kaaranam thante pravisyakalil praveshippikkaan visammathikkaan kaaranamaayi.eee kaaranathaalaanu addeham vadakkan albaniayil ninnu bektashi oordarine purathaakkiyathu.
1826-leeii shubhakaramaaya sambhavam, automan bharanadhikaari sultan mahmoud randaaman janisari sainyathe nasippikkunnathil kalaashichu, jaanisarikalumayulla sakthamaaya bandham kaaranam bektashi kramatheyum baadhichu. anattoliyayilennapole, albaniayile niravadhi bektashi kettidangal tekkukal ulppede nasippikkappedukayo kathikkappedukayo cheythu. ennirunnaalum, pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyode albaniayile bektashi kramam poornnamaayum veendeduthu. albaniayile bectashism athinte sidhaanthathinte oru pradhana bhaagamaayi albanian deseeyatha sweekarikkukayum aaa matham albeniyakkaarkidayil vardhicha janapreeti kaanukayum cheyyumbol ithaayirikkum. eee samayat albanian desasneha shramangalkk bektaashikal valareyadhikam sambhavana nalkukayum nirakshararaya albanian janataye albanian bhashayil padippikkunnathil nirnaayakamaavukayum cheythu. chila moolyangalkku vendi albaniakkaar bektaashisathilekku akarshikkappettu-prathyekichu, athinte parambaraagatha sahishnutayum mattu mathangalodulla bahumaanavum, mattu achaarangalodum vishwaasangalodum ulla sahishnutayum thuranna manassumulla manobhaavavum. koodaathe, automan janathaykku kooduthal anukoolavum arabi lipi prothsaahippichathumaaya sunni islaaminu vipareethamaayi, praadeshika aashankakalodu kooduthal anukambayulla bectashism albanian bhaashaykk oru laattin lipi upayogikkunnathine anukoolichu. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, albaniayile janasamkhyayude ekadesham 15 sathamaanavum bekthashikalaayirunnu, bectashis techus bhoogarbha albanian bhasha skoolukalaayum albanian bhasha pusthaka vitharanakkaraayum pravarthichu. ennirunnaalum, pala bektashi budhijeevikalum pratheekshichathinu vipareethamaayi, eee vibhaagam albanian deseeya mathamaayi maariyilla, prathyekichu kramam albaniayude thekk anupaathathil kendreekarichirunnathil. bektashi tekkukalil 70 sathamaanavum beraattin thekkum 3 sathamaanam maathram vadakkum kaanapedunnu.
swaathanthryaananthara kaalam.
1912-leeii albanian swaathanthrya prakhyaapanathinushesham, thudarnnundaaya rashtreeya asthiratha albanian bekthaashikalkk doshakaramaayirunnu. balcan yudhangalilum onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte aadya rund varshangalilum albaniayile tekkukalkku kaaryamaaya naashanashtangalum nashavum sambhavichu. albaniayile musleem prakshobhathodoppam, maddhya albaniayil janapriyamaayirunna oru sunni muslim kalapam, albaniayude niyanthranam automanmaarkku thirike nalkanamennum albanian pathaakaykk pakaram automan pathakayum ottoman turkish deseeya bhashayaayi upayogikkanamennum (allengil kuranjathu albanian bhaashaykk arabi lipiyengilum upayogikkuka) mattu niravadhi aavashyangalodoppam oru vinaashakaalaghattam vannu. mathabhranthanaaya hakshi khamiliyude neethrthwathilulla vimathar, baktashisavum albanian deseeyathayum (albanian vidyaabhyaasathinteyum albanian swaathanthryathinteyum purogathikkaayi albanian bektaashikal nadatthiya sramangal ulppede) thammilulla sakthamaaya bandhavum shiah-adhishtitha bektaashikalum sunni muslim vimatharum thammilulla mathaparamaya vyathyaasangalum kaaranam bulkheesile martanesh muthal thekk berat vare niravadhi bectashi tekkukal kathichu.
thekkan albaniayile albeniyakkaarum greekkukalum thammilulla samgharshathinidayil, greak sainyam albaniayude rashtreeya asthiratha muthaledukkukayum kazhiyunnathra albanian pradesham greasil kootticherkkaan sramikkukayum allengil svayambharana republic oof northen epirus srishtikkunnathil vijayikkukayum cheytha samayat, thekkan albaniayile 145 albanian graamangalenkilum kollayadikkappedukayum nasippikkappedukayum cheythu. greak sainyathinte kaiyil ninnu 48 tekkukalude nashavum ithinodu anugamichu. mothatthil, albaniayile 80 sathamaanam tekkukalum 1914-1915 samayat angeyattam kedupaadukal varuthukayo poornnamaayum nasippikkappedukayo cheythu. eee nashtatthinu sesham albaniayile bektashi kramam poornnamaayum veendeduthittilla. onnaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathode, nilanilkkunna albanian bektashi samoohathinu sthiratha thirichukittukayum 1920-kalude thudakkathil niravadhi tekkukal punarnirmmikkappedukayum cheythu.
1920 aayappozhekkum, albaniayile bektashi samudaayathinu rajakumaran vaidinte abhaavathil albania bharichirunna uyarnna regency kaunsilil oraal-akhif pasha bikaku-undaayirikkaan mathiyaya amgeekaaram labhichu; eee kaunsilil oro mathasamoohathinum 4 prathinidhikal undaayirunnu. bekthashiyude aadya deseeya kongrasil (scrapperile pristhayude tekkeyil nadannathum baaba ahmet thurniyude neethrthwathilullathum) albaniayile bektashi samooham turkish bektashi samoohathil ninnu verpiriyal oonnipparanju, avide avar videsha niyanthranatthil ninnu muktharaaya albaniayile aadyathe mathasamoohamaanennu oonnipparanju. 1923ll tiraanayil nadanna oru musleem sammelanathil, bekthaashikalum sunnikalum thammil tharkkangal udaledukkukayum aathyanthikamayi bektashi prathinidhikal yogam vidukayum istamboolile grand mufthiyumaayulla bandham vichedikkukayum cheythu.
1924 juulai 8 muthal 9 vare baba ahamed thuraaniyude keezhil jijirokkaasttaril bekthashiyude randaamathe deseeya kongras nadannu. turkeyude rashtreeya kaalavastha kaaranam turkish bektashi samooham avarude aasthaanam albaniayilekku maattunnathinekkurich chinthikkukayum athuvazhi mathaparamaya chadangukal albanian bhashayil nadathaamennu theerumaanikkukayum cheythu; turkeyile ellah dervish oordarukalum 1925 ll mustafa kemal attaatturkk nirodhichu. bekthaashiyude moonnaamathe deseeya kongras 1929 septambar 23 nuu korkkaykkaduthulla turranile tekkeyil nadannu, ithavana melanile baaba silfoyude keezhil, ithu ettavum nirnayakamaaya aadyakaala bektashi kongrasaayi maari. mukhyadharaa islaamil ninnu svayambharanaadhikaaramulla oru mathasamoohamaayi eee utharavu svayam prakhyapikkukayum, thiraanayile avarude kraigjishatha aasthaanamaakki kraigjish sanbradaayathinu thudakkamidukayum cheythu. 1937 vare kraigjish niyamanathinu king sog amgeekaaram nalki.
darvish oordarukalkkethiraaya turkish nirodhanathinteyum avideyulla ellah tekkukaludeyum adachupoottalinteyum falamaayi, albanian bekthaashikal turkeyile craigjishineyum salih nijasi dede (koloncha mekhalayil ninnulla oru albanian) albaniayilekku madangaan kshanichu, athu addeham 1930 ll nadathukayum 1931 ll tiraanayil bektashi aasthaanam veendum sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 1928 ll 43 muthal 65 vareyum 1933 ll 52 vareyum albaniayile tekkukalude annathekkurichulla kanakkukal, kosovoyil ekadesham oru dussen tekkukalum vadakkan macedoniayile albanian samsaarikkunna pradeshangalil niravadhi tekkukalum undaayirunnu.
communist kaalaghattam.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham albanian pakshakkar raajyathinte niyanthranam pidichedukkukayum oru staalinist bharanam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 1945 meyy 5nuu tiraanayil nadanna bekthashiyude naalaamathe deseeya kongras neethrthwamaattatthilekku nayichu. shaffer saadikkine kraigjish aakkukayum baba faja marthaneshi (oru communist sahapravarthakan) sekrattari generalayi niyamikkukayum cheythu, ennaal 1945 august 2 nuu saadikkuvinte maranam neratthe abas hilmy maattisthaapichu. 1947 march 19 nuu, mathaparamaya kaaryangalil chooderiya tharkkathetthudarnnu aathmahathya cheiyunnathinu munbu baaba faja marthaneshy baaba fejo darvishiyeyum abas hilmy vedivachu konnu. communist svechaadhipathyam shudheekarikkalukaloodeyum baabakale keezhadangunnathino nishabdatha paalikkunnathino bhayappeduthunnathiloodeya bektashi kramatthil poornna niyanthranam sthaapichu; taamasiyaathe tepelenayile baba kaamal glava (1946 ll jijirokaasthrayil vadikkappettu), kroojayile baba alii mirteza (peedippikkappedukayum pinneedu jayil janala ninnu purathaakkappedukayum cheythu), baba alii tomori, tepelenayile baba shefket koshtani (vadikkappettu) thudangiya niravadhi bektashi nethaakkalude maranathode ithu thudarnnu. 1947 juun 8nuu ahamed miftar kraigjishata ettedukkukayum communist bharanakoodatthinte paavayaakendathallaathe mattu maargangalonnum illaayirunnu.
1950 epril 16nuu tiraanayil nadanna bekthashiyude anchaamathe deseeya kongras 1954ll rajyath 43 muthal 68 vare tekkukal undaayirunnu. 1967ll puthiya albanian bharanaghadana mathathe nirodhichu, ithu mathasthaapanagalkkum grooppukalkkumethire theevravaada rashtreeya prachaaranatthinu kaaranamaayi; pallikal, tekkukal, pallikal enniva akramikkaan yuvaakkale prolsaahippikkukayum purohithare communist adhikaarikalkk apalapikkukayum cheythu, athinte falamaayi bektashi samooham pirichuvidappettu. pallikalum pallikalum ulppede mikka tekkukalum tyrebukalum thakarkkappedukayum avarude nethaakkale aabhyanthara pravaasatthilekko jayililekko ayaykkukayum cheythu. ithinu munbu nilavilundaayirunna 53 bektashi tekkukalil 6 ennam maathramaan avasheshichathu. albaniayile bektashi samooham unmoolanam cheyyappettu, ennaal albaniaykku purathu rund tekkukal pravartthikkunnathu thudarnnu-onnu baba cassim bakalliyude keezhilulla kosovoyile jacovayilum onnu 1954 ll baba rexeb sthaapicha amerikkayile mishigaanile detroyittile tailorilum. pinneedu 1999 ll serbian sainyam jacovayude teche kosovo yudhathil pazhaya pattanamaya jacovayude backie bhaagangalum kathichu. 1993ll albaniayile kammyoonisathinte pathanathinushesham oru darvish 5 baabakalum maathramaan rajyath avasheshichathu, 6 tekkukal maathramaan avasheshichathu.
hajarakunnu.
1991 januvari 27nuu tiraanayil bektashi kramatthinte punarujjeevanathinaayi oru thaalkkaalika samiti sthaapikkappettu. baba reshat bardhiyude keezhil puthiya samooham kramam punarujjeevippikkaan pravartthikkukayum 1991 march 22nuu novroosil thiraanayile kraigjishata veendum thurakkukayum cheythu. eee punaraarambhatthil mother terreza polulla albaniayile mattu mathanethaakkal pankedutthu, 1993 joolaiyil bekthaashiyude aaraamathe deseeya kongras nadannu. bekthaashiyude ezhaamathe deseeya kongras 2000 septambaril nadannu, 2005 septambar 21 nuu ettaam kongras nadannu. 2009 juulai 6 nuu onpathaamathe kongras nadannu. american-albanian bektashi samoohathil ninnulla mithamaaya sambhavanakal ozhike, avarude punarujjeevanathinu dhanasahayam nalkaan videsha rakshaadhikaari illaatha bektashi punarnirmmikkunnath budhimuttaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, bektashi oordarinu avarude vipulamaaya muun swathinte bhooribhaagavum niyamaparamaayi thirike nalkaan kazhinju, koodaathe avarude mechilppurangal paattatthinu nalkunnathu polulla reethikaliloode bektashi samooham nalla reethiyil jeevikkunnu.
bectashisavum albanian deseeyathayum.
19-aamm noottaandilum 20-aamm noottaandilum albanian bectashism albanian deseeyathaye athinte sidhaanthathinte kendra gadakamaayi ulppeduthi. shubhakaramaaya sambavathinum automan saamraajyathiludaneelamallu bektashi kramatthe peedippichathinum sesham, desheeyathayodum automan virudha vikaarathodum koodi albaniayil bectashism uyarnnuvannu-automan adikaarikalumaayulla kramatthinte charitraparamaaya samgharsham avarude desheeyavaadathinum turke virudha nilapaadinu kaaranamaayi, ithu albanian bektashi thathwashaasthrathil prabalamaaya vimochana bhinnathayumaayi kaikorthu. ithe bhinna paarambaryavum baahya swaadheenangal swaamsheekarikkaanulla kazhivum aanu kramatthe athinte samvidaanathinullil poornnamaayum samyojippikkaan praapthamaakkiyath, ithu albaniayil angeyattam janapriyamakki.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil albanian bekthaashikalkkidayil deseeya vikaaram thazhachuvalaraan thudangi-karshakaril ninnum sambannaraaya saamoohika vibhagangalil ninnum uthbhavicha bektashi purohitar albanian deseeya prasthaanangalil valare sajeevamaayirunnu. avar deseeya ashayangal pracharippikkukayum samana chinthagathikkaaraaya desasnehikalaaya grouppukalkkum vyakthikalkkumayi avarude tekkukalil deseeya, praadeshika yogangal nadathukayum cheyyum. ekkaaryathil bekthashiyude swaadheenam praadeshika albanian yaadhaasthithika janathayilekkum vyaapichu. prathyekichum, albanian bhaashayude adhyaapanathilum albanian pusthakangalude vitharanathilum bektashi purohitar nirnaayakamaayirunnu, eee kaaryatthil valia purogathi kaivarichu. ottomaan adhikaarikal albanian bhaashayile vidyaabhyaasam niruthsaahappeduthukayo kuraykkukayo poornnamaayum nirodhikkukayo cheytha oru samayat praadeshika albanian janathaykku pusthakangal, aksharangal, pathrangal enniva vitharanam cheiyunna bhoogarbha albanian bhasha skoolukalude oru shringalayaayi bektashi tex maari. keyroyile teke polulla albaniaykku purathulla tekkukal, albanian janavasa pradeshangaliludaneelam albanian pusthakangal vitharanam cheyyaan albanian dervishukale ayachukondu eee shramangale pinthunachu. albanian deseeya unarvinu pradhana sambhavanakal nalkia "atts" allengil "babas", avaril chilare avarude shramangalkk jayililadaykkukayo moshamaayi maarukayo cheythu. avar muslim samoohathinte bhaagamaayirunnuvenkilum arabi lipiyil albanian saahithyathinte purogathikku sambhavana nalkiyengilum, albanian bekthaashikal albanian aksharamaalaykkaayi laattin lipiyude upayogathe pinthunaykkukayum prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. bektashi purohithare keezhadakki arabi lipiyude upayogam prolsaahippikkunnathi imaamukaleyum darvishanmaareyum ayaykkanulla yuva thurkkikalude sramangal paraajayappedukayum avaganikkappedukayum cheythu. irupathaam noottaandile albaniayil niravadhi 'klabbukalum' desasnehikalaaya samoohangalum bektashi purohithanmaar srishtikkukayum pravarthippikkukayum cheythu, avarude praadhamika lakshyam albanian bhaashayile adhyaapanathe prolsaahippikkukayum albanian saahityam vitharanam cheyyukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu. thekkan albaniayil, bektashi sayudha seetta grouppukaleyum avarude automan virudha pravarthanangaleyum shakthamayi pinthunachu; bektashi tekkukal saadhaaranayaayi turkey adhikaarikalkk athicheraanaakaatha otappetta pradeshangalilaayirunnu, athinaal avarkk eee grouppukale pinthunaykkaanum praayogikamaayi albanian deseeya prasthaanangalude aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkaanum kazhiyum. settakalum pinthunaykkunna sivilian janathayum thammilulla ashayavinimaya kendram koodiyaayirikkum tekkukal. oru "atte" yum addehathinte tech albanian deseeya lakshyathekkurich avabodham valarthunnathiloodeyo albanian janataye bodhavalkkarikkunnathiloode seetta grouppukale pinthunaykkunnathiloode abhayam nalkunnathiloodeyo athine munnott kondupoya niravadhi udaaharanagal nilavilundu.
neethrthwam.
bektashi kramatthinu neethrthwam nalkunnathu oru "kraigjish" aanu (mattevideyengilum dedebaba ennariyappedunnu). baaba mondiyaanu ippozhathe kraigjish. albaniayil, bekthashiyude loka aasthaanam raajyathe 6 vyathyastha bharana jillakalaayi (kristhyan edavakakalkkum pithrusathaakalkkum samaanamaayi) vibhajikkunnu, avaa oronnineyum "jishata" ennu vilikkunnu.
kosovoyile albanian bektashi kramam jakova kendreekarichullathaanu, nilavil ithu baba mumin lamayude neethrthwathilaanu. thiraanayile albanian neethrthwathe avar thangalude kramatthinte thalavanmarayi amgeekarikkunnu.
ghadana.
albaniayile bektashi kramatthinu oru sreniparamaaya gadanayunda

