
yugan sconhar

deseeya soshyalistukal adhikaaramettathinusesham oru prathirodha pravartthakanaayi marria oru jarmman rashtreeya pravartthakanaayirunnu (keey. pii. dii) yoojan sconhar (29 october 1898-1 februvari 1934). arasttinu sesham rathrikaala gathaagathathinide rakshappedave gestaapo udyogasthar vedivacha naalu peril oralayirikke addeham marichu. joonn skeer undu genosen" enna peril eric veynerttinte oru kavithayiloode adhehatheyum kollapetta moonnu sakhaakkaleyum anjjaathathayil ninnu rakshappeduthi.
jeevacharitram.
stattgaarttin kizhakkulla sambannamaaya vyavasaya pattanamaya essellingen aam nekkarilaan yoojan sconhar janichathu. addehathinte pithaav oru vidagdha vyavasaya thozhilaalliyaayirunnu. sconhar oru apprenteeshipp poortthiyaakki, athu pithaavinte paatha pinthudaraan addehathe sajjanakki. 1912ll, thante pathinalam janmadinathil addeham athil chernnu. 1914 joolaiyil pottippurapetta yudhathil addeham yudhavirudha spartacus leagil chernnu. 1916ll thudarchayaaya yudhathinethire samsaarichathinaal addehathe arast cheyyukayum moonnu maasathe thadavinu shikshikkukayum cheythu. 1917 leeii sharathkaalathilo sharathkaalathilo, pathonpathaam janmadinathodanubandhichu, addehathe sainika sevanathinaayi nirbandhithanaayi niyamichu.
1918-ll yuddham avasaanikkukayum parajayappetta sainyangal naattilekku madangukayum cheythappol 1919-nte thudakkathil sconhar naattilekku madangukayum cheythu. viplavathinte thudarnnulla maasangalil yudhavirudha spartacus leag aprathyakshamaayi, ennaal rund varsham munbu moscoyile sambhavangalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond athinte amgangalil palarum ippol communist party oof jarmmani sthaapichu, 1918 desember 30 num 1919 januvari 1 num idayil berlinil nadanna moonnu divasathe konfaransil aupachaarikamaayi aarambhichu. randaazhchaykku sesham party nethaakkale yaadhaasthithika ardhasainika vibhagangal (sarkkar pinthunayode) kolappedutthi, pakshe communist party sahikkukayum essellingen enchiniyaring plaantil jolie kandethiya yoojan sconhar athil cherukayum cheythu. addeham pradeshika chairmaanaayum maari.
1920 desemberil yuva kammyoonistukaarude anchaamathe deseeya kongrasil pankeduttha sconhar party deseeya head oafees teamil cheraan thiranjedukkappettu. 1921 meyy vare addeham "dye junch garde" enna party jenalinte edittaraayi sevanamanushtichu. 1921 joolaiyilum veendum 1922 desemberilum addeham yang communist internaashanal (vaii. sii. aii) randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum kongrasukalile jarmman prathinidhiyayi moscoylake pookukayum anthaaraashtra samghadanayude executive kammittiyil amgamaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. kurachukaalam addeham vaii. sii. aiyude berlin offeesil jolie cheythu. 1922 desemberil mosco kongrassinu sesham addeham ekadesham onnara varsham soviyatt yooniyanil thudarnnu, eselinganil nediya factory kazhivukal prayogichu svayam pinthunachu. 1923-nte avasaanabhagam muthal addeham moscoyude pinthunayulla anthaaraashtra thozhilaallikalude rashtreeya kshema samghadanayaaya anthaaraashtra redu aydinte executive kammittiyil (mejdunarodanaya oorgaanijashya porchis bortas mertus revolushis/mopper/ira) jolie cheythu. 1924 meyy maasathil addeham berlinilekk madangi.
1924-laanu addeham losaanil ninnulla deerghakaala theevravaada kammyoonistukaarante makalaaya oodettine vivaham kazhichathu. 1922ll paarees aasthaanamaayulla communist dinapathramaaya ell hyoomaanitteyude typist-sekrattariyaayi jolie cheythirunna avar nagaratthile valia communist internaashanal (kominten) ooppareshanil cherunnathinayi berlinilekk thamasam maari. avarude raashtreeyam bharthaakkanmaarumaayi chernnupoyathaayum avarude patthu varshathe vivaahakaalath addehathinte rashtreeya pravartthanam nayicha yaathraavivarana jeevitam avar pankittathaayum thonnunnu.
berlinil addeham airayile central europe offeesine ("mittelooropaishen baros"/meb ") nayichu. communist party nirddeshaprakaaram bodhapoorvam thettidharippikkunna intelligence sevanamaaya "aam-apparath" enna samghadanayilum addeham sajeevamaayi earppettirunnu. eee bandhathiloodeyaanu thaan arast cheyyappedaanulla saadhyatha neridunnathaayi addeham manassilaakkiyath 1927-ll addeham moscoylake madangi, avide addeham iraa executive kammittikkaayi thante jolie punaraarambhichu. 1928 joolaiyil eee samghadana addehathe amerikkayilekku ayachu, avide addeham 1929 ll "thante niyamaviruddha pravartthanam thudarnnu" addeham jarmmaniyilekku madangi, avide raashtreeyam kooduthal dhruveekarikkappettu.
addeham ippol party kendrakammittiyude sekratteriyattil jolie cheiyukayaayirunnu niyamavirudhamaaya vaayanavasthukkalude achadi ulppedeyulla utharavaadithangal addehathinundaayirunnu. 1932 aayappozhekkum jarmman raashtreeyam dhruveekarikkappeduka mathramalla, nishchalaavasthayilaavukayum cheythu. kammyoonistukaarum deseeya soshyalistukaarum thammilulla juulai thiranjeduppil bhooribhaagam paarlamentari seettukalum nediyengilum avar orumichu oru bharanasakhyathil praveshikkilla, kooduthal mithavaadikalaaya raashtreeyapaarttikal theevravaadikalumaayi sahakarikkillenn bhooribhaagavum theerumaanichu. 1933 januvariyil deseeya soshyalistukalkku adikaaram pidichedukkaan kazhinju. raajyathe oru party svechaadhipathyamaakki maattunnathil puthiya hitlar sarkkar oru samayavum paazhakkiyilla. rashtreeya pravartthanangal (sarkkaarine pinthunaykkunnathozhike) niyamavirudhamaayi. raikstag theepidithatthetthudarnnu sarkkaarukalude lakshya pattikayil kammyoonistukaar uyarnna sthaanangal nirachathaayi pettennu thanne vyakthamaayi. maarchinide palarum videshathekku palayanam cheyyukayum mattu palarum arastilaakukayum cheythu. 1933 februvariyode "evald raakkvits" enna thoolikaanaamathil svayam thirichariyunnundenkum yoojan sconhar berlinil raashtreeyamaayi sajeevamaayi thudarnnu. joonn skeerinte keezhil oru party neethrthwa samghathinaayi ("inlandliting") addeham (niyamavirudhamaayi) pravarthichu.
1933 november 11nuu yugan sconhar sahaparty pravartthakarum arasttilaayi. 1934 februvari randara raathriyil (1933 maarchil veendum arast cheyyappetta) eee moonnu perum berlinte attathu gestappo udyogasthar "rakshappedaan shramikkunnathinide" vedivachu kollappettu. vaasthavathil, sarkkar chaaran kazhinja divasam vedivachathinethudarnnu pettennulla prathikara nadapadiyaayirunnu kolapathakam.
anaadhayum vidhava.
yugan skonhaarinte makan deseeya soshyalistukale athirthirunnu. pithaavinte arasttinu sesham addeham francophone swittsarlandile losanilekku rakshapettu, avide addeham thante maathru muthasshimaarodoppam thaamasichu. pithaavinte kolapaathakathinu thottupinnaale amayum avarodoppam chernnu. jarmmaniyilekku thirichayakkappedumennu adhikrithar bheeshanippeduthukayum, germmaniyile pala rashtreeya pravaasikaleyum pole, taanum amayum anadhikritha kudiyettakkaaraanenkilum, raajyathinte thekk bhaagathulla schoolil pookaan kazhiyunna francilake avar neengukayum cheythu. 1941 aayappozhekkum amayum makan 1940 juun muthal fraansinte adhinivesha vadakkan bhaagathulla pareesilaayirunnu. 1941ll carlo addehathinte "rashtreeya pravartthanangal" kaaranam paarees secondary schoolil ninnu ozhivaakki. addeham oru panimudakkiloo rashtreeya laghulekhakal vitharanam cheiyunnathilo earppettirunnu. eee samayat-neratthe allengilum-addeham prathirodhatthil chernnu. 1942 march 8 nuu soviyatt virudha prachaarana pradarshanatthinu ("leeii bolchevisme kondre ell europe") aathidheyathvam vahichirunna saale vagraminu purathu sphodakavasthukkal niracha oru suitcase upekshichu udan thanne arast cheyyappettappol oru prathirodha poraaliyenna nilayil addehathinte currier avasaanichu. epril 7 num 14 num idayil paareesil jarmman adhinivesha adhikaarikal oru court marshell shhow trial nadatthi, athil 27 prathikalil 25 perkkum vadhasiksha vidhichu. 18 vayassinu thaazheyullavarkk vadhasiksha nalkunnathine vilakkia jarmman niyamaprakaaramaan nadapadikal nadannathennu vyakthamaan. carlo carlo skonhaarinu appozhum 17 vayass maathrame praayamundaayirunnulla. ennirunnaalum, vadhashikshaykk vidhikkappettavaril oralaaya addeham 1942 epril 17 nuu mondu-valeriyanil mattu 24 prathirodha poraalikalaaya sakhaakkalkkoppam firing squad vazhi kollappettu.
yoojan skonhaarinte bhaarya, oodettu pisler enna peril janicha, yadhaarthathil swis aayirunnu. swis niyamaprakaaram avarkk oru jarmmankaarane vivaham kazhichathiloode swis pourathvam nashtappedukayum athu swittsarlandil thudarunnathu apakadakaramaakkukayum cheythu. losanile maathaapithaakkalude veettil ninnu makanodoppam francilake marria sesham avalum prathirodhatthil chernnu makante oru divasam kazhinju 1942 march 9 nuu avale arast cheythu. thudarnnu avar paareesinte thekk bhaagathulla saante jayilil 17 divasam chelavazhichu, thudarnnu berlinile gestaapo thadankalil aarr maasam koodi thadavilaakki, avide ninnu jarmman thalasthaanathinu vadakkulla nananja paranna graamapradesangalile ravensbruck thadankalppaalayathilekku naadukadatthi. 1945 eprilil soviyatt sainyam mochippicha campil ninnu rakshappettavaril odettu sconhar ulppettirunnu. 1945 nuu sesham avar paareesilekk madangiyethukayum communist dinapathramaaya ell 'hyoomaanitteyil veendum jolie cheyyukayum cheythirikkaam.
kolayali.
kolayali vilicha police udyogasthanaanennu valare pinneedu kandethi. yudhavum naasikalude pediswapnavum avasaanichathinusesham, 1947 august 11 nuu, berlin sainika adhinivesha mekhalakalaayi vibhajikkappettathode, soviyatt adhinivesha mekhalayil ninnu oru rahasya ooppareshan nadatthi, athil "vestt berlin" ennariyappettirunnathil ninnu thattikkondupokal ulppedunnu. 1949ll addehathe audyogikamaayi (ennaal thettayi) marichathaayi prakhyaapichu. yoojan sconhar addehathinte moonnu saha erakalum soviyatt adhinivesha mekhalayil veerochitha vyakthikalayi (1949ll jarmman demookratik republic/"kizhakkan jarmmani" enna peril veendum aarambhichu), avarude kolayaliye thattikkondupokukayum shikshikkukayum cheythath orikkalum deseeya school paatyapadhathiyil idam nediyilla. saatlar shiksha anubhavichu, 1972 october 15 nuu 74 aam vayassil jayilil vachu orikkalum poornnamaayum vyakthamallaatha saahacharyangalil marichu. 1942ll janicha addehathinte ilaya makalum kudumbathodoppam 1945ll pithaavinte avasana aalimganathinushesham padinjaaran jarmmaniyilekku rakshappettirunna addehathinte makalkku thante pithaav oru nalla manushyanaanennu bodhyamaayi. punarekeekaranathinushesham addehathinte punaradhivaasatthinaayi sammarddam cheluthunnathil avar utsukayaayirunnu. madhyakala dashakangalil kizhakkan jarmman suraksha sevanangal shradhaapoorvvam samaharikkukayum paripalikkukayum cheytha sookshumamaayi paripaalikkunna fayalukalil vipulamaaya gaveshanam nadatthaan avarkk kazhinju, koodaathe "joonn skeerineyum" addehathinte sakhaakkaleyum kolappeduthiya manushyan thante pithaavaanennu mathramalla, panthrand naasi varshangalil avalude pithaav utharavaadikalaaya vardhichuvarunna athikramangalude thudarchayaaya aadyathethu maathramaanennum amgeekarikkaan avar nirbandhitharaayi, athu athinte thanne adisthaanathil, oru muthirnna gestappo officer enna nilayil valare vijayakaramaya oru kariyaraayirunnu.
aakhosham.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham yoojan skonhaarinte bhoumikaavashishtangal kizhakk berlininte central semitheriyil verpeduthi punarsamskaaram cheythu.
1954 muthal berlin-vaansiyil sconharinteyum addehathinte moonnu saha erakaludeyum kolapaathakatthe anusmarippikkunna moonnu smaaraka kallukal avar kollapetta sthalathu nilakollunnu.
1970kalude thudakkathil oru trollerinu "yoojan sconhar" ennu perittu.
berlinile oru theruvinu addehathinte bahumaanaartham peru nalkukayum 2016-ll addehathinte janana pattanatthil oru stolpersteen sthaapikkukayum cheythu, yoojan skonhaarine anusmarippikkunna oru stolpersteen, koodaathe pinneedu deseeya soshyalistukalude irayaaya mattoru smaarakavum.

