
shaasthrathinte kaalaghattam

23-aamm vayass muthal (vivaahathin moonnu varsham kazhinju), athaayath 1769 muthal 1819 vare, jeevithathiludaneelam maldayile baaran rafale dii amaatt vaii dii courteda ezhuthiya 52 vaalyangalulla oru vyakthigatha diaryaanu caleix dii sastre. ettavum vaividhyamaarnna vasthukkal sookshikkunna sthalathe paraamarshichu rachayithaav thanne nalkia thalakkettaanu "caleix dii sastre". pathinanjaam noottaandinum pathonpathaam noottaandinum edayilulla kaattalan aakhyaanathile ettavum pradhanappetta grandhangalilonnaayi ithu kanakkaakkappedunnu, athupole thanne "coastembrismo", praadeshika pathrapravarthanam ennivayude oru maathrkayaayi ithu kanakkaakkappedunnu. akkaalathe kaattaloniyayile vasthuthakal, sambhavangal, saamoohika perumaattam ennivayekkurichulla vishadamaaya vivaranathinu ithu oru pradhana charitra rekha koodiyaanu. ennirunnaalum, ithu orikkalum poornnamaayum prasidheekarichittil, marichu shakalangalude chila samahaarangal maathramaan. oru pakarpp barsalona nagaratthinte charitraparamaaya aarkkaivukalil sookshichirikkunnu.
prachodanavum lakshyangalum.
calax dii sastre" yude samayat, dayari ezhuthu ellah saamoohika vibhaagangalilum, prathyekichu kadayudamakaleppolulla praayogika dainamdina kurippukal sookshikkenda aalukalkkidayil saadhaaranamaayirunnu. episcopal kottaaratthile prashastha paachakakkaranaaya felip sirera chelavukal niyantrikkaan veettammamaarkk ithu shupaarsha cheythu. karshakar aabhyanthara sambadvyavasthayude vashangale saamoohika sambhavangalumayi samyojippichu. prabhukkanmaar vivarangal shekharikkunnathinulla santhoshathinum avar roopeekaricha koottukettinodu valare shradha pulartthiyathinum vendi vyakthiparamaaya kathakal adangiya dayarikal ezhuthi, ennaal pinneedu sambhavikkunnathinu vipareethamaayi, prasidheekarikkaanulla uddeshyamillaayirunnu, pakshe dayari aduppathilum vyakthiparavumaaya upayogathil parimithappedutthiyirunnu. pinneedu, aathmakathaaparamaaya rachanakal pothujanangalkkayi ezhuthukayum palappozhum vasthuthakaleyum pravarthanangaleyum nyaayeekarikkukayum cheythu.
maldayile baarane sambandhichidatholam athu addehathinu vyakthiparamaaya samthrupthi nalkia oru hobiyaayirunnu. nilavile maadyamangal ithuvare nilavilillaattha oru samayat, ennaal vishwasaneeyamaaya vaarthakal kandethunnathinum avaye vyaja kimvadanthikalil ninnu verthirikkunnathinum valareyadhikam thaalpparyamundaayirunna oru cheria pathrapravartthana gasatt poleyaanu addeham aarambhichath. vividha vaarthakal, raashtreeyam, barsalona nagaratthil enthaanu sambhavikkunnath, mechanical puthumakal allengil addehathinte kudumbam, sevakar ennivayil addehathinu thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, mathramalla innu gosippaayi kanakkakkaavunnathum ayalkkar enthaanu cheiyunnathennathil addehathinu jijnjasayum thaalpparyavumundaayirunnu. kramena, paarttikalum yaathrakalum praadhaanyam nedaan thudangi, pinneedu cheria othucheralukalil thante bhagangal urakke vaayikkunnathaayum shradha vyathichalippikkunnathinum suhruthukkale chirippikkunnathinumaayi addeham thanne thante dayariyil ezhuthunnu. cheria grouppukalaayi urakke vaayikkunnath samoohathil valare vilamathikkappedunnathum vilamathikkappedunnathumaya oru vinodamaayirunnu.
pinneedu, vyakthiparamaaya prathiphalanatthinulla oru puthiya prachodanavum kramena cherkkapettu swantham chinthakalum anubhavangalum krameekarikkunnathinum aduppamulla idam nalkunnathinum. yaathrakalil, addeham swantham pazhaya grandhangalil chilath parishkkarikkanum thiruthaanum edukkumaayirunnu, oru vyathichalanamayum mosham maanasikavastha, aswasthatha, aashankakal ennivaye cherukkunnathinulla rakshappedaanulla margamaayum. mattoru prachodanam, udaaharanathinu samgeethathil, thante prathyeka arivu prakadippikkuka, samgeetham allengil prakrithidrishyangalude vivaranam muthalaayava polulla thanikk ishtappetta kaaryangalekkurichu ezhuthuka ennivayaayirunnu. addeham vivaricha kaaryangalekkurichulla thante kazhchappadum abhipraayavum nalkunnathinupurame.
ulladakkam.
maldayile baaran thante dinacharyayil thaan divasam muzhuvan cheythathellaam, thante kudumbatthinteyum thaan sandarshicha mattu prabhukkanmaarudeyum jeevithavum, vaarthakalum saamoohika charithrangalum ezhuthi. aakhoshangalum vividha saamskaarika paripaadikalum addeham valare vishadamaayi vivarichu. nischitha avasarangalil addeham menuvile ellah vibhavangalum vibhavangalum, avatharanam, meshakkashanangal, kadalarikal enniva pattikappeduthumaayirunnu. shaareerika roopathilum vasthradhaaranathilum addeham valareyadhikam shradha chelutthi. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte ettavum adutha chila sevakar ozhike thaazhnna nagara saamoohika vibhagangal prathifalikkunnilla, orupakshe avarumaayi addehathinu yaathoru bandhavumillaathathukondaayi. karshakarekkurichu dhaaraalam abhipraayangalum illa.
udaaharanathinu, bhakshanakramathe sambandhichidatholam, sambanna vibhaagangalude bhakshanathil anchu kozhsukal ulppettirunnuvennum avaa ellaayppozhum maamsathe adisthaanamaakkiyuvennavayum parayappedunnu. malsyathe payar vilayunnathilekku tharamthaazhthukayum aarogyathinu haanikaramenn karuthiyirunna pashuvin paal rogikalaayirikkumbol doctor nirddeshicha prathividhiyayi maathram kudikkukayum cheythu. sweekaranangalil iscream, sorbattukal ennivayum, outtingukalkkaayi arrie vibhavangalum oomlettukalum saadhaaranamaayirunnu. chila avasarangalil, bhakshanam kazhikkaan kazhiyaathavidham bhakshanam kazhikkunnavaril niranju nilkkum. janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagavum pradhaanamaayum urulakkizhangum ulliyum kazhikkunnathinaal randaamathethu baaranineppole sambannarkku sambhavichu.
shaili.
addehathinte rachanakalude ghadana divasangalkkanusrithamaayi, sariyaaya theeyathiyilaanu cheythath. theeyathi, aazhchayile divasam, vishudhan, kaalavastha ennivayil ninnaan anubandha dinapathrathinte thudakkam. thudarnnu, ellah divasavum, vaarthakal praadhaanyatthinte kramatthil krameekarikkappettu, aadyam ettavum pradhanappettathum pinneedu kathakal. thudakkathil addeham kooduthal nishpakshanaayirunnu, ennaal aalukale chirippikkunnathinaayi ezhuthaan thudangiyappol, addeham ramgangal vivarikkukayum, sathyamaanengilum, parihasikkukayum, aakshepahaasyamaakkaan uddeshichulla bhagangal kooduthal nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. ithu nedunnathinaayi koorkkamvali, forting, mattu skattolajikkal parigananakal ennivayekkurichu samsarikkaan addeham madichilla. akkaalat ithu parushavum mosham ruchiyullathumayi kanakkakkiyirunnilla, marichu athu valareyadhikam aaghoshikkappettirunnuve eee vishayathil oru utsava-skettolajikkal paarambaryavum thadassamillaatha saahityavum undaayirunnuvennum vishadeekarikkendathundu. calax dii sastre" aathmanishtamaanu, thaan amgeekarikkaatha achaarangale vimarsikkaan rachayithaav avasaram upayogikkunnu, prathyekichu thantethaaya samoolamaaya mattangal niranja oru kaalaghattatthil prathyakshappedunna puthiya saamoohika roopangaleyum manobhaavangaleyum vimarshikkunnu. vyaavasaayikaviplavathil ninnu janikkunna puthiya thozhilaalivarggatheyum, nagaratthile saamoohikamaayi ettavum thaazhnna varggatheyum, "factory aalukal" ennu vilikkappedunna aadya faaktarikalil jolie cheiyunnavareyum, avarude perumattavum durithavum kaaranam apakadakaramaanennu karuthunnavareyum addeham eshtappedunnilla. addeham oru prathyeka reethiyillaathe ezhuthunnu, addeham athu ashradhamaayi cheiyunnuvennu thonniyekkaam. albert rossich ithine rococo aayi kanakkaakkiyittundengi eee shaili barok aanennu thonnunnu.
prasidheekaranangal.
muzhuvan "calax dii sastre" orikkalum prasidheekarichittil, ennaal kaalaghattangal anusarichu thiranjeduttha chila sakalangal patthu vyathyastha vaalyangalayi prasidheekarichittundu. thaazhepparayunna vishayangal anusarichu chila samaahaarangalum undaayittund
1954-ll alexander gallie, 1984 muthal vividha vaalyangalil raamon boixerieu thudangiya vividha rachayithaakkalude prameya samahaarangalil "calaics dii sastre" enna kruthiyude sakalangal mattu prasidheekaranangalil adangiyirikkunnu. oru udaaharanam "rivolusio eiii barsalona ell 1789" aanu, athil maldayile baarante dayariyil ninnulla paadangal undu, mathramalla craixalinte kaundu allengil juvan ramis lucressia naadakathodoppam prasidheekaricha "ell kooll-leggy dii laa boonna vida" ennivayum undu.

