
vaalettayude kottakal

maltayude thalasthaana nagaramaya vaalettaye chuttipattiyulla prathirodha mathilukaludeyum mattu kottakaludeyum oru parambarayaanu vaaletta () kottakal. 1552ll nirmmicha aadyathe kotta fort seyint elmo aayirunnu, ennaal 1566ll grand maasttar jeane dii vaalett sthaapichappol nagaratthinte kottakal nirmmikkaan thudangi. thudarnnulla noottaandukaliludaneelam mattangal varuthi, avasaanathe pradhana kootticherkkal 1856 ll poortthiyaaya fort laaskarisaayirunnu. kottakalil bhooribhaagavum innu kedupaadukal koodaathe thudarunnu.
cypressile nicosiaykkoppam vaaletta nagravum navothaanatthinte anuyojyamaaya nagaratthinte praayogika udaaharanamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, ithinu kaaranam athinte kottakalum nagaratthinullile nagarajeevithavumaan. pathinezhaam noottaandode europiludaneelam eee kottakal ariyappettirunnu, koodaathe luxemburg kottayude bhaagatthinte roopakalppanakale swaadheenichittundaakam. 1878-leeii oru pusthakatthil, "lokathile ettavum mikacha kottakettya [nagarangalil] onnaayi" vaalettaye visheshippichu."maltayude kottakalil ettavum pradhaanappettathaanu vaalettayude kottakal, innu avaa yuneskoyude loka paithruka saittinte bhagamaanu.
charithram.
pashchaathalam.
1524ll sent oof dhii oordar prakaram cyberas upadveepil oru kottakettya nagaratthinte nirmmaanam aadyamaayi nirddeshikkappettu. malties dveepukal parisodhikkaan joonn oru kammeeshane ayachu. akkaalat, upadveepil 1488-ll aragoniyakkar nirmmicha oru milishya vaachu tower mathramaayirunnu eaka kotta. 1533-ll gopuram shakthippeduthiyenkilum avarude aditharayaayi marria birguvinte kottakal nirmikkunnathil shradha kendreekarichathinaal nirddishta nagaram nirmikkappettilla.
1551-ll oru automan sainyam malta hrasvamaayi akramikkukayum pinneedu ghazo pirichuvidukayum tripoly pidichedukkukayum cheythu, athinte falamaayi, dveepinte kottakal mechappeduthunnathinaayi oru kammeeshan roopeekarichu. 1552ll aragonese kaaval gopuram polichumaattukayum athinte sthaanathu vishudha elmo kotta nirmmikkukayum cheythu. 1565leeii maltayude valia uparodhathil eee kotta oru pradhana punk vahichu. oru maasathe kadutha poraattatthinu sesham (automan general dragget kollapetta) ithu oduvil thakarnnu. oru durithaashwaasa seena athunnathuvare birguvilum sengliayilum naitukal kaathunilkkukayum uparodham pinvalikkukayum cheythu.
nirmmaanam.
uparodhathil ninnu oordar vijayichathinusesham, cyberas upadveepil puthiya thalasthaana nagaram nirmmikkaan upayogicha europil ninnu ithinu saambathika pinthuna labhichu. itaaliyan enchineeyar francesco laparelli itaaliyan kotta samvidaanathil roopakalppana cheytha nagaratthinte kottakal roopakalppana cheyyaan marpappa ayachu. onpathu arakalum oru kuzhiyum ulla oru kottayulla ensinte aayirunnu laparelliyude yadhaartha roopakalppana. oru grid padhathiyiloode roopakalppana cheyyenda nagaratthil oru naavika aayudhashekharavum oru "manderajio" (cheria kappalukalkkulla thuramukham) ulppeduthendathaayirunnu.
1566 march 28nuu grand maasttar jeane dii vaalett nagaratthile aadyathe kallu sthaapikkukayum addehathinte bahumaanaartham puthiya nagaratthe "vaaletta" ennu vilikkukayum cheythu. nagarathinullil nirmmicha aadyathe nirmmithikalil onnaayirunnu nagara mathilukal, 1570-kalode avaa poortthiyaayi. nagaram nirmmikkumbol roopakalppanayil chila mattangal varuthi, rund kaavaleerukal maathrame nirmmichittulloo, athesamayam aayudhashekharavum manderajiyoyum orikkalum nirmikkappettilla. kotta sent. 1565leeii uparodhathil saaramaayi kedupaadukal sambhavicha elmoy punarnirmmikkukayum nagara mathilukalil samyojippikkukayum cheythu.
1571 march 18nuu vaaletta nagaram audyogikamaayi maltayude thalasthaana nagravum oordarinte aasthaanavumaayi maari, ennirunnaalum athu poortthiyaakaathe kidannu. pathinaram noottaandinte avasaanathode maltayile ettavum valia vaasasthalamaayirunnu vaaletta.
mechappeduthalukalum parishkkaranangalum.
17, 18 noottaandukalil, karappurathu naalu kaundargaardukalum oru rahasyapathayum oru himani ulppedunna vividha auttvarkkukalude nirmmaanathode vaalettayude kottakal shakthippeduthi. kotta sent ulppede upadveepinte vadakkan attathu. 1680kalude avasaanathil kadalil ninnu erangunnathu thadayunnathinaayi elmo oru kottayaaya ensintteyil (carafa ensinte ennariyappedunnu) pothinjirunnu.
mattangal undaayirunnittum, oru neenda uparodhathe neridaan vaalattayude mathilukal shakthamallenn manassilakki. 1635ll floriana lainukalude nirmmaanam aarambhichu, ithu vaalettayude karamukhathe valayam cheythu. pathinettaam noottaand vare floriana lainukalum parishkarikkapettu. pinneedu florianayude praanthapradesham floriana lineukalkkum vaaletta land frontinum edayilulla pradeshathu vikasichu, ippol athu athintethaaya oru pattanamaan.
17-aamm noottaandilum 18-aamm noottaandilum santa margeritta lineukal, kottanera lineukal, grand harber vashathulla fort rickasoli, maarsaamkset vashathulla fort manoval, fort tigney ennivayude nirmmaanathode nagaratthinte vashangal kooduthal samrakshikkappettu. coradino, taa 'exbics ennividangalil kottakal nirmmikkunnath ulppedeyulla kooduthal nirddeshangalum munnottuvannuvenkilum orikkalum nadappakkappettilla.
franch adhinivesavum britiish bharanavum.
1798 juun 9 nuu franch malta adhiniveshathinidayilaanu vaalettayude kottakal aadyamaayi upayogichathu. moonnu divasathinu sesham juun 12 nuu oordar keezhadangukayum vaalettayum athinte kottakalum franchukaarkku kaimarukayum cheythu. kottakal kandappol nepolian ingane abhiprayappettu "avar njangalkkayi vaathil thurannathil enikku valare santhoshamundu."
franch adhinivesham aarambhich eathaanum maasangalkk sesham, malties janatha franchukaarkkethire kalapam nadathukayum britiish, neopolitan, porchugees pinthunayode thuramukha pradeshathu avare thadayukayum cheythu. 1800 septambar vare vaalettayil nilanilkkaan franchukaarkku kazhinju, general vouboyis britteeshukaarkk keezhadangi, avar dveepukalude niyanthranam etteduthu.
britiish bharanakaalathu vaalettayude kottakalil vividha mattangal varuthi. ivayil ettavum pradhaanappettath 1854 num 1856 num idayil fort lascarisukalude nirmmaanamaayirunnu. baattarikalum konkreett thokku sthaanachalanangalum, paaraapattukalilum avayude embressorukalilum mattangal, thokku maasikakalude nirmmaanam enniva mattu mattangalil ulppedunnu. vaalatayilekkulla moonnu yadhaartha hospitallar kavaadangalum polichuneekkukayum avayil randennam valia kavadangalaal maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil britishukaar kottakal takarkkaan niravadhi thavana nirddeshichu. eee noottaandinte thudakkathil mejar general henry pigottaan aadyathe nirddesham munnottuvachathu. 1853ll oru sainika aashupathrikkaayi sent jaims cavaliere polikkaan nirddesham nalki. 1855-ll sarr joonn lysagt pennafather cyberas upadveepinte uyarnna nilathu, vaaletta land frontinteyum chuttumulla pradeshathinteyum sthalathu oru kotta nirmmikkaan nirddeshichu. 1872-ll nagaratthinte puram nirmmanangal polikkaan nirddeshikkappettu, athesamayam 1882-ll muzhuvan karaa frond polikkaan nirddeshikkappettu. oduvil, kottakal valia thothil kedupaadukal koodaathe avasheshikkukayum, polichuneekkiya eaka bhagam sent. nagaratthinte praveshana kavaadathinaduthaayi sthithi cheiyunna madeleans lunet (ippol traittan jaladhara kaivashamulla sthalathu).
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathilo irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilo kottakal nirthalaakkappettu. fort sent polulla chila bhagangal. elmo, fort lascaris, salooting baattari enniva randaam lokamahaayudhathinusheshavum fort sent vare upayogathilundaayirunnu. 1972ll elmo nirthalaakkappettu. kottakal 1925leeii puraavastu pattikayil ulppeduthi.
1960kalil, 19-aamm noottaandile porta riyal oru aadhunika sitti gettinu vazhiyorukkunnathinaayi polichumaatti.
innathe divasam.
birgu, madeena, citadella ennivaykkoppam vaalettayude kottakal punasthaapikkunnathinulla aadya padhathikal 2006-ll thayyarakki. 2010-ll punarudhaarana pravartthanangal aarambhichu, eee padhathi "oru noottaandile ettavum valia kotta" ennu visheshippikkappettu. kottakalkku chuttumulla pothusthalangalil ninnu adhiniveshakkaare purathaakki. kottayaaya seyint elmoyude mukalbhagam punasthaapichu, athesamayam athinte thaazhathe bhagangal vrithiyaakki. sent chaappal. sent. randaam lokamahaayudhathil bombit thakarkkapetta mikkilinte coundergaard 2014ll punarudhaaranatthinte bhaagamaayi punarnirmmichu.
1960kalil nirmmicha sitti gettu 2011ll polichumaattukayum 2014ll oru puthiya sitti gettu poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu.
leauttu.
munvashathe bhoomi.
nagaratthilekkulla karamargamulla sameepanathe valayam cheiyunna valia kottayaan vaaletta land frond. athil thaazhepparayunnava ulppedunnu
karayude munbhagam muzhuvan aazhathilulla oru kuzhiyal chuttappettirikkunnu. 2012ll kuzhikkullil oru baattariyude avashishtangal kandethi.
thaazhepparayunna auttvarkkukal kottakale kooduthal samrakshikkunnu
auttvarkkukalkku chuttum oru noothana kuzhiyundengilum athinte oru bhagam maathrame avasheshikkunnulloo, kaaranam athinte bhooribhaagavum avashishtangalaal niranjirunnu.
maarsaamkset ensinte.
maarsaamkset thuramukhathe abhimukeekarikkunna vashathulla ensinte sent muthal aarambikkunnu. mikkilinte valatta land frontinte kotta sent. grigoriyude kotta sent. elmo. athil thaazhepparayunnava ulppedunnu
grand harber ensinte.
grand harberinu abhimukhamaayi vashathulla ensinte sent muthal aarambikkunnu. peettarum sent. vaaletta land frontinte pooll kotta sent. sent kottayude ubaldesca thirasseela. elmo. athil thaazhepparayunnava ulppedunnu
fort sent elmo.
nagara mathilukalude ettavum pazhaya bhagamaanu fort seyint elmo, ithu grand harberilekkum marsamksettilekkum praveshikkunnu. kotta chuttumulla pradeshavum thaazhepparayunnavayaanu
chila barac blokkukal mukalile stettinu edayilulla pradeshathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. elmoy carafa ensinteyum.
paraamarshangal.
kurippukal