
harwood gaveshanam

irupathaam noottaandinte arambham muthal pakuthi vareyulla naalu pathittaandinide kanyaka adisthaanamaakkiyulla thunithara nirmmaathaakkalaaya harwood manufacturingle nadanna samghadanaa manashaasthratthile gaveshanatheyaanu harwood gaveshanam soochippikkunnathu.
charithram.
1930kalude avasaanathil aarambhich adutha naalu pathittaandukalaayi vyaapichukidakkunna perumatta shaasthrathilum jolisthalathe naveekaranatthilum niravadhi pareekshanangal nadatthiya oru kudumba thunithara kambaniyaanu harwood manufacturing. harwood nirmmaanam nyoo englandil ninnu virjeeniyayilekku athinte pravartthanangal maattiyathin thottupinnaale puthuthayi thuranna factory vidagdha thozhilaallikale niyamikkunnathil budhimuttukal anubhavikkan thudangi. eee neekkatthinte falamaayi vadakke amerikkayile vyavasaayavalkkarikkappetta pradeshangalude uyarnna ulppaadana nilavaaram pularthaan virgenia parvathanirakalil ninnulla parichayamillaattha 300 pere kambanikku parisheelippikkendivannu.
anubhavaparichayamillaatha trainikal (pradhaanamaayum sthreekalaayirunnavar) jolie cheyyaan utsukaraayirunnuvenkilum, joliyil avarude vegatha mandagathiyilaayirunnu, avarude uthppaadanam valare kuravaayirunnu, vittuvarav valare uyarnnathaayirunnu. panthrand aazhchathe parisheelanathinu sesham, puthiya jeevanakkar vadakkan american faaktarikalil samanamaaya jolie cheiyunna aprenteesukalude pakuthiye uthppaadippichulloo. valare theevramaaya malsarathe paraajayappeduthunnathin aavasyamaayathaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna reethikalilum jolikalilum nirantharamaaya mattangal palappozhum kuranja uthppaadanakshamatha, maanejmentinodulla aakramanathmaka perumaattam, uthppaadanathil idivu, hajaraakaathirikkal ennivaykku kaaranamaayi. 1939-ll harwood manufacturing korppareshanile jeevanakkarumaayi thozhilaallikalude pradhana prasnangal charcha cheyyaan faaktariyude managing director alfred maaroo kurt levine kshanichu. harwood patanam vyavasaayathile group theerumaanamedukkalinteyum svayam maanejmentinteyum aadya pareekshanamaayum praayogika samghadanaa manashaasthratthinte aadya udaaharanamaayum kanakkaakkappedunnu. levinte pankaalittha pravartthana gaveshanathinte thudarchayaaya paryaveshanatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu harwood pareekshanam.
harwood padanangale moonnu samayaparidhikalayi tirikkaam levin varshangal, 1939 muthal 1947 vare; levin varshangalkk sheshamulla varshangal, 1947 muthal 1962 vare; veldon varshangal (harwood veldon manufacturing korppareshan etteduthathinushesham), 1962 muthal. faaktariyude udamayum pinneedu kurt levinte jeevacharitrakaaranumaaya alfred maaroyude abhipraayathil, faaktariyil nadatthiya pradhana pareekshanangal group perumaattam, svayam maanejment, neethrthwa pariseelanam, steeriyodaippukal maattuka, maattathodulla prathirodham enniva marikadakkuka ennivayaayirunnu.
harwood pareekshanangal.
aamukham.
kurt levin pariharikkan shramicha aadyathe prashnam jeevanakkaarude vittuvaravaayirunnu. jeevanakkaarude anubhavaparichayakkuravaan faaktariyude pradhana prashnam, ennirunnaalum nirantharamaaya sammarddavum thozhilaallikalodu perumaarunna reethiyum aalukal jolie upekshikkunnathinulla kooduthal pradhana kaaranamaayirikkumenn kurt levin vaadichu. atharamoru prashnathinu saadhyamaaya niravadhi pariharangal levin konduvannu. avarude keezhudyogastharodu avar perumaarunna reethiyilekku supervisormaarude shradha aakarshikkuka ennathaayirunnu pradhana ashayam-sammarddam ozhivaakkuka, pakaram ellah maanadandangalum lakshyangalum kaivarikkanakumennu avare vishwasippikkunnathinu oru maargam kandethuka. thozhilaallikalodu vyakthikalaayittalla, cheria grouppukalile amgangalaayi perumaarendathu anivaaryamaanennum addeham eduthuparanju. eee mattangal jeevanakkaare nilanirthunnathumaayi bandhappett mechappeduthalukal konduvaraan thudangi, pakshe plaantinu kaikaaryam cheyyenda mattu niravadhi prashnangalundaayirunnu. kambani svanthamaayi muzhuvan samaya psychologistine niyamikkukayum svanthamaayi gaveshana paripadi aarambikkukayum cheyyanamennu levin nirddeshichu.
1939-1962 varshangaliludaneelam niravadhi manasshaasthranjar levine sahaayikkukayo allengil addehathinte maranashesham swantham pareekshanangal nadathukayo cheythu. faaktariyil jolie cheythirunna aadyathe manasshaasthranjan alex bavelas aayirunnu. padanatthilekku madangiyethiyappol addehathinu pakaram joonn aarr. pii. franch juuniyar. pinneedu lesttar coach addehathodoppam chernnu. vyavasaayathile pravartthana gaveshana mekhalaykkullil factory maanejmentile manushya gadakangalekkurichu oru koottam pareekshanangal aasoothranam cheyyaanum nadappilakkaanum aavasyappetta baavelakalil ninnaan patanam aarambhichath.
group theerumaanam.
thozhilaallikalkk avarude swantham lakshyangal nischayikkunnathilum avarude uthppaadanam niyanthrikkunnathilum pankedukkaan avasaram nalkunnathinte phalam vishakalanam cheyyuka ennathaanu aadya pareekshanam lakshyamittath. aazhchayil niravadhi thavana kandumuttunna ulppaadana factory thozhilaallikalude oru samghathe bavelas thiranjedutthu. aaa yogangal 30 minitt dairkhyamulla anoupachaarika othucheralukalaayirunnu, avide oro group amgavum group athinte dainamdina uthppaadanam vardhippikkaan aagrahikkunnuvenkil avan allengil aval abhimukeekarikkunna budhimuttukal charcha cheyyaan prothsaahippikkappettu. oro opparettarinteyum pravartthana reethiyekurichum atharam sameepanathinte gunangalum doshangalum vishakalanam cheiyunnathinekkurichum avar orumichu charcha cheiyukayaayirunnu. angane cheyyumbol, ore jolie cheyyumbol thozhilaallikal palappozhum vyathyastha reethikal upayogikkunnuvennu vyakthamaayi. uthppaadanakshamatha mechappeduthunnathinna kambaniyude maanejment varuthenda maattangalum avar thiricharinju. shupaarsha cheytha mattangal nadappakkaan sahayikkaan maanejment sammathichu.
oro yogathinteyum avasaanam group avarude dainamdina uthppaadanam eathu thalatthilekku, eathu kaalayalavil vardhippikkanamo ennathinekkurichu vottu cheyyum. thalphalamaayi, 5 divasathinullil manikkooril 75 yoonittil ninnu 87 unitaayi uthppaadanam vardhippikkaan avar vottu cheythu. eee kanakkilethiya sesham, nirakk 90 aayi uyarthaan avar sammathichu. adutha anchu maasathinullil aaa yogangalude avasaanathode athichernna ganyamaaya valarcha nilanirthaan groupinu kazhinju. faaktariyile mattoru groupinum samanamaaya phalangal nedaan kazhinjilla.
uthppaadanakshamatha valarchaykkulla pradhana pariharam theerumaanamedukkunna prakriyayude janaadhipathya reethiyaanennu levin nigamanam cheythu. ennirunnaalum, athu parishodhikkunnathinaayi, mattu rund oopparettarmaarude grouppukalumaayi bavelas metingukal nadatthi. rund saahacharyangalilum, kooduthal votting nadathaathe uthppaadanakshamatha vardhippikkunnathinekku maathramaan grouppukal charcha cheythath. athinte falamaayi avayude uthppaadanakshamathayil cheria purogathi maathrame undaayittulloo.
svayam maanejment.
uthppaadanakshamathayude thalatthil svayam maanejmentinte swaadheenam kandethuka ennathaayirunnu randaamathe pareekshanam. eee abhiprayam parishodhikkunnathin, maanejment bhaagath ninnu sakthamaaya niyanthranamillathe ulppaadanathinte thoth svayam theerumaanikkaan baval thozhilaallikale anuvadikkunnu. nirbandhitha minimum kwatayo athil kooduthalo nilanirthunnathuvare oru cheria koottam thozhilaallikal avarude swantham manikkoor vegathayum dainamdina joliyum aasoothranam cheythirunnu. pacing cardukal" upayogichaanu vegathayude aasoothranam nadathiyathu. eee thozhilaallikal kashanangalakki paniyedukkunnavaraayirunnu, athinaal, avar minimum kwattaykku mukalil uthppaadippikkunnathine avarude shambalam kooduthalaayirunnu. jolisoukaryam maattaatha oru niyanthrana samghavum bavelas sthaapichu. kantrol grouppinte ulppaadana nilavaaratthil mattamundaayilla, athesamayam pareekshana grouppinte uthppaadanam manikkooril 67 yoonittil ninnu 82 unitaayi uyarnnu. atharamoru nalla phalatthinte pradhana kaaranam maanejment bhaagath ninnu thozhilaallikalkulla sammarddam kuraykkuka ennathaayirunnu ennu levin nigamanam cheythu.
aaa rund pareekshanangalum jolisthalathe theerumaanamedukkalil jeevanakkaarude pankaalitthatthinte praadhaanyam theliyichuvenkilum, joonn aarr. pii. vyakthiparamaaya neethrthwa shailiyumaayi kaikorth pokendathundennu franchukaar vaadichu. athinaal, varkk group perumaattatthe swaadheenikkunna shakthikale parishkkarikkunnathinaayi vyakthigatha neethrthwathinte maanejment shaili maattuka enna ashayam franch avatharippichu.
neethrthwaparisheelanam.
maanejmentinodulla svechaadhipathya sameepanam thozhilaallikalude karyakshamatha vardhippikkunnillenna baavelaasinte pareekshanangalude parambara kaanichu. athukondaanu neethrthwashailiyile maattam harwood nirmmaanatthil kaivarikkenda mattoru pradhana kaaryamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnath. sahakaranm, manoveeryam, achadakka prasnangal, vishwaasam ennivayekkurichu supervisormark aavashyamaaya arivu nalkuka ennathaayirunnu eee parisheelanatthinte ashayam.
svechaadhipathya, janaadhipathya neethrthwa shailikalekkurichulla lippitt-vaitt padanatthe aashrayich, supervisory maanejmentinte ellah thalangalkkumulla neethrthwa pariseelanam enna ashayam levin konduvannu. roll playing, soshyal-drama, svayam parisodhana, feedback sessionukal, group prashnapariharam, mattu aakshan research teknikkukal ennivayaayirunnu ettavum kooduthal upayogicha reethikal.
yogangalil pankedukkunnavarodu jolisthalathu dainamdina adisthaanathil abhimukeekarikkunna ellah prashnangalekkurichum chodichu. pinneedu aaa prasnangal charcha cheyyukayum mattu vividha saahacharyangal nadappilaakkukayum yogangalkkidayil pankedukkunnavar avar abhimukeekarikkunna prashnangalodu vyathyastha sameepanagal pareekshikkukayum avayude phalangal adutha pariseelana sessionil vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheyyum. anchaam metinginu thottupinnaale, pankedukkunnavar avarude paraspara kazhivukal phalapradamaayi vikasippikkanulla oru maargam kandethi. thangalude meludyogastharumaayum samaprayakkaarumaayum ashayavinimayam nadathunnathum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathum eluppamaayitheernnuvennu avaril bhooribhaagavum paranju. keezhudyogastharude sahakaranm nedunnathinulla kazhivukal ganyamaayi mechappettu, athupole avarude keezhudyogastharude uthppaadanakshamathayum.
steeriyodaippukal maarunnu.
akkaalathe pala kambanikaleyum pole harwood nirmmaanathinum muppathukalkk sesham sthreekale recruit cheyyaruthenna nayamundaayirunnu. ennaal yuddham kaaranam avarkk yuva vanita thozhilaallikale niyamikkunnath budhimuttaayirunnu. eee prashnam pariharikkanulla eaka maargam prayamaaya jeevanakkaare niyamikkaan thudanguka ennathaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum eee ashayathe ellah thalangalileyum maanejment pinthunachilla; cheruppakkaaraaya sthreekalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol faaktariyude aavasyangal niravettunnathil prayamaaya jeevanakkaarkk budhimuttukal undaakumenn avar shakthamayi vishwasichu. oro thozhilaalliyudeyum kambaniyude moolyam thaazhepparayunna reethiyil vilayiruthaan franch nirddeshichu uthppaadanakshamatha, puthiya jolikal padikkunnathinulla vegatha, asukham/abhavam, vittuvarav nirakk. vivarangal shekharicha sesham prayamaaya thozhilaallikal cheruppakkaarekkaal mikacha prakadanam kaazhchavaykkunnathaayi kandethi.
maanejmentinu vasthuthakal nalkunnathu avarude abhipraayathe swaadheenikkunnillenna franch majja kandethi, ennaal unnatha maanejment gaveshanathil earppettirikkumbol, vasthuthakal unnatha maanejmentinte swantham kandethalaayirikkumenn, manobhaavangal maari, kaalakramena unnatha thozhilaallikal muthirnna jeevanakkaare niyamikkuka enna ashayam sweekarikkaan thudangi.
maattathinulla prathirodhatthe marikadakkuka.
mattangalodulla prathirodhatthe marikadakkunnathinulla pareekshanam jeevanakkaarude mattangalodulla vimukhathayude prashnatthil ninnaan uthbhavichath. thozhil kaimaattatthil thozhilaallikal samthruptharaayirunnilla. avarkk praaveenyam valarthiyedutha jolikal nirantharam upekshikkendivannu. thalphalamaayi, kambani kuranja uthppaadanam, paraathikal, vardhicha thozhil vittuvarav enniva nerittu. puthiya jolie ethratholam budhimuttaayirunnuvo, athratholam niraashayundaayirunnu. athukondaanu kochum franch naalu pareekshanathmaka grouppukal sthaapichathu. eee gaveshanathil avar rund pradhana chodyangalkku utharam nalkaan sramikkukayaayirunnu 
aadyathe group oru kantrol grooppaayirunnu. jolisthalathe puthiya mattangal saadhaarana reethiyil avarkk prakhyapikkukayum chodyangal chodikkaan avarkk avasaram nalkukayum cheythu. randaamathe groupinu mattangalekkurichu kooduthal krithyamaaya vivarangal nalkukayum puthiya ulppaadana nirakkukal aasoothranam cheiyunnathilum nischayikkunnathilum pankedukkunna prathinidhikale thiranjedukkaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu. grouppukal 3,4 ennivayile amgangal maattatthinte ellah vashangalekurichum maanejmentumaayi charchaa prakriyayil poornnamaayum earppettirunnu. avarkk niravadhi shupaarshakal nalkaanum puthiya jolie cheiyunnathinulla ettavum kaaryakshamamaya reethikal aasoothranam cheyyaan sahayikkaanum kazhiyum. pareekshanatthinte phalam, uthppaadanakshamathayude nilavaravum maanejmentinethire prakadippikkunna aakramanatthinte alavum maattangalile pankaalitthatthinte alavinu vipareethamaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu ennathaanu.
aadya groupile sharashari uthppaadanam 20 sathamaanam kurayukayum maattathinu munbulla nila veendedukkaathirikkum cheythu. prathinidhikal vazhi pankeduttha groupinu athinte pree-chenchu outtputtu veendedukkaan randaazhcha vendivannu, oduvil, grouppukal 3 umm 4 umm avarude preechenju uthppaadanakshamathayude 15 sathamaanam vardhanavu nedi.
kochinteyum franchukaarudeyum parisodhana soochippikkunnathu jeevanakkaarude perumaattatthe avarude nerittulla pankaalitthavum pankaalitthavum swaadheenikkaamennu.
prathyaaghaathavum vimarsanavum.
eee padanangal 30 varshathilereyaayi harwood working prakriyayude bhaagamaayi maari. pareekshanangalude phalangal group perumaattatthe manassilakkunnathinum kambanikalkkulla maatta oopshanukal thirichariyunnathinum upayogichu. samghadanayude vikasanathinu upayogikkunna niravadhi upakaranangalum saankethikavidyakalum srishtikkaan avaa sahayichu.
vimarshanangalude kaaryatthil, pareekshanangalumayi bandhapetta niravadhi vishayangal ettavum kooduthal charcha cheyyappettittund. unnatha thozhilaallikalum avarude keezhudyogastharum thammilulla adhikara bandha prashnathilekku levin shradha aakarshichittillennu klem adelman eduthuparanju. harwood nirmmaanatthile pareekshanangalude parambarayil, maanejmentinte lakshyangal yuktisahavum samshayaaspadavumaanennu levin svayameva anumaanichu.
levinte padanangal janaadhipathyaparamaano atho avayil krithrimaghadakam adangiyirikkunnathaano enna chodyathe kurichu mell vaan eltteren (grabenerude munkaala kruthiye paraamarsikkunnu) oohichu. harwood pareekshanangalile oro kesilum, adisthaanaparamaayi janaadhipathya sameepanamaayi vyaakhyaanikkaan kazhiyaatha munkootty nischayicha lakshyangal maanejment ithinakam nischayichirunnu.
maattathodulla prathirodhatthe marikadakkuka" enna pareekshanam nadatthiya kochum franch varshangalayi vimarshikkappettittundu, kooduthalum avarude gaveshanathinte maanejmentum reethishaasthravumaayi bandhappett. manasshaasthranjar eee pareekshanam aarambhichappol, avar ithinakam thanne niravadhi varshangalayi faaktariyil jolie cheiyukayaayirunnu, koodaathe pankaalittha sameepanathodu nannayi prathikarikkaan jeevanakkaarkk mungananayundaayirunnu.
faaktariyude udama oru certified cycologistaayirunnathil faaktariyil pareekshanangal nadathunnathil poornna thaalpparyavum jijnjasayum ullathinaal harwoodile patanam oru asaadhaaranamaaya kesaanennu pala vimarshakarum avakashappettu.

