
paarkk-davis

farmaceutical kambaniyaaya faisarinte anubandha sthaapanamaanu parke-davis. paarkk, davis & qoo. oru swatantra corporationalla, ithu oru kaalath amerikkayile ettavum pazhakkameriyathum valuthumaaya marunnu nirmmaathaavaayirunnu, koodaathe medical charithratthil oru pradhana punk vahichu. 1970ll warner-lambert paarkk-davis ettedukkukayum 2000ll faisar athu ettedukkukayum cheythu.
charithram.
paarkk, davis aandu kambani sthaapichathu mishigaanile detroyittil doow. saamuval pii. duffield, oru doctor faarmasistum. 1860ll doow. duffieldinu graasiyattinteyum maram kondulla vazhikaludeyum moolayil oru cheria marunnu kada undaayirunnu. doow. hofmante anodine, mercurial thailam ennivayulppede duffield vividatharam farmaceutical thayyaareduppukal nadathiyenkilum bisinasinte pravarthanangalil avar amithamaayi muzhuki.
doow. 1866 octoberil duffield hervy kookk park jorjju ezz. jorjumaayi oru pankaalittham roopeekarichu. 1867ll davis moonnaamathe pankaliyaayi. paarkk bisinesses avasarangal thedunna oru bisinasukaaranum vilppanayil vaidagdhyamulla oru abhilaashamulla vyakthiyumaayirunnu. aarogyanila moshamayathum vaidyashaasthrathil thaalpparyamullathum kaaranam 1869ll duffield pinmari. 1871ll paarkk, davis allengil paarkk-davis enna peru eee pankaalittham sweekarikkukayum 1875ll paarkk, davis & kambani enna peril aupachaarikamaayi samyojippikkukayum cheythu.
1871-ll kambani aushadhasasyangal thedi madhya, thekke amerikkayilekkum vestt indeesilekkum paryaveshanangal ayachu. pasaphik vadakkupadinjaaran mekhalayile thaddesheeya amerikkakkaaril ninnu kandethiya oru herbel poshaka marunnaaya kaskara kambani nirmmichu.
oru kaalath lokathile ettavum valia farmaceutical kambaniyaayirunna ithu aadyathe aadhunika farmaceutical laborattari nirmmikkukayum puthiya marunnukalude klinikkal pareekshanangal nadathunnathinulla aadyathe chittayaya reethikal vikasippikkukayum cheythu. paarkk-davis gaveshana laborattari oru deseeya charitraparamaaya naazhikakkallaan; chuttumulla paarkk-davis aandu kambani farmaceutical kambani plaant charitraparamaaya sthalangalude deseeya rajistarilaanu.
1912-ll paarkk-davis faarmasist wilber skovil vividha kurumulakinte "sugandhavyanjanam" allengil "choodu" alakkunnathinayi "skovil oorgaanooleptik testt" vikasippichu-ippol skovil skeyil ennu staanderd cheythu.
akkaalat eavan tounshippaaya mishiganile (ippol mishiganile rochasttarile saitt) parkdale roadile ulppaadana soukaryavum aaa sameepathulla oru naazhikakkallaayirunnu, ippol ithu paar farmaceuticals upayogikkunnu.
1950kalil paarkk-davis jonas salkine vaxine anubandhangalude upadeshtaavaayi niyamichu. poliyo vaxine nirmmaanatthilum parke-davis earppettirunnu. paarkk-davisinte nirmmaana protocolukal krithyamaayi palikkaan salk valareyadhikam parishramichu. ekadesham aarumaasatholam feeld pareekshanangalkkayi vaxine nirmmikkanulla prathyeka karar parke-davisinu undaayirunnu, ennaal 1954 februvariyil poliyo thadayunnathinulla deseeya foundeshan karar upekshikkukayum mattu kambanikalkkum vaxine uthppaadanam aarambikkukayum cheythu.
paarkk-davis detroit illastrettar roobert thom ennayaale "chithrangalile farmacyude charithram" enna parambaraykkaayi 40 chithreekaranangal nirmmikkaan niyogichu.oro achadiyilum chithreekaricha rangavum charithratthile athinte sthaanavum vishadeekarikkunna oru charitra lekhanamundaayirunnu. 1957ll aarambhicha eee parambara visconsin sarvakalaashaalayile instittyoott phoor histtari oof faarmasiyumaayi sahakarichaan vikasippichath. mayakkumarunnu vidagthare avarude kadakalil kalaasrishtikal pradarshippikkaan prothsaahippichu. vaidyashaasthrathinte charithrathekkurichu toom thaarathamyappeduthaavunna oru parambarayum nadatthi.
franklin vii. yude kaaryatthil. paarkk-davis (2002) enna peril kambanikkethire niyamavirudhamaaya vipanana reethikal aaropikkapettu, athinte aantikanvalsant marunnaaya neurontinte oof-label upayogangal prothsaahippikkunnath ulppede. apasmaramulla rogikalil maathrame eee marunnu upayogikkaan anumathiyundaayirunnumle 2001ll 18 kodi dollarinte vilppanayil 80 sathamaanavum american phudu aandu drugg administration amgeekarichilla enna soochanakalkku vendiyaayirunnu. 2004-ll, faisar "bipolar desorder, vedana, migraine thalavedana, mayakkumarunnu, madyam enniva pinvalikkal ennivayulppedeyulla bandhamillaattha avasthakalkkaayi paarkk-davis nearondine niyamaviruddha maargangaliloode aakramich vipananam cheythathayi sammathikkukayum, 1996-ll lamghanangal aarambhichathayi avakaashappettengilum 43 kodi dollar pizha chumathaan sammathikkukayum cheythu, faisar warner-lambertine ettedukkunnathinu valare munbuthanne.
2007 januvari 22 nuu prakhyaapichathupole, peficer mishigaanile aan aarbarile gaveshana kendrangal adachu.
uthppannangal.
paarkk-davisinte aadyakaala uthppannangalilonn doow. aspergillus oreesayil ninnu verthirichedutha oru amylase aayirunnu. jokkichi takamin. disttilarikalil upayogikkaan uddeshichullathaayirunnu eee ensime, ennaal dispepsiaykkulla "takka-diastase" aayi kooduthal vijayakaramaayi vipananam cheythu.
koodaathe, paarkk-davis austiosaarkkoma chikilsikkunnathinaayi vilyam koolii vikasippichedutha aadyathe cancer vaaksinaya koliyude vishavasthukkal vitharanam cheythu. koodaathe, kambani sent marries (lunden) incollication vakuppumayi oru vitharana karaaril earppedukayum pakarchavyaadhikalkkum mukhakkuru, cancer ennivaykkum polum niravadhi waxinukal vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythu.
tachamine vikasippichedutha kambaniyude mattoru uthppannamaayirunnu adrenaline. 1900ll pettant nediya eee samyuktham "adrenaline" enna vyaapaaramudrayil prasidheekarikkappettu."eee peru" "adrenaline" "ennathumaayi saamyamullathinaal, generixinu" "epinephrine" "enna badal peru upayogikkunnathu amerikkayil nirbandhamaayirunnu, athu innum upayogikkunnu". paarkk-davis echu. yethire cases phayal cheythu. keey. adrenaline pettant lamghichathaayi mulford kambani aaropichu. aadhunika pettant niyamathil nirnaayakamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna vidhiyaan paarkk-davis enna jadjiyude vidhi.
heroine upayogichulla bair pole; kokkeyn kriminalvalkkarikkunnathu, sigaratt, podi, ulppeduthiya soochi upayogichu upayokthaavinte sirakalilekku nerittu kuthivaykkaan kazhiyunna oru kokkeyn misritham ennivayulppede vividha roopangalil paarkk-davis eee marunnu vittu. thangalude kokkeyn uthppannangal "bhakshanathinulla sthalam nalkumennum bheerukkale dheeraraakkumennum nishabdamaaya samsaarasheshiyullavarum aarjjikkunnavarumaakkum kambani vaagdaanam cheythu... vedanayodu iraye samvedanakshamathayillaathavana."1915 octoberil," "dayari oof eiii drugg faid" "," "dhii confessions oof alisttar crolley" "ennivayude rachayithavaaya alisttar crolley, detroyittil paarkk-davis nirtthi, avide crolley parayunnathanusarichu, sahakaranm poortthiyaayi". "anhalonium levini (piot) kurichulla ente gaveshanangalil thaalpparyamullavaraaya avar ente anubhavam soochippikkunna reethiyil chila prathyeka thayyaareduppukal nadatthi, athu muun thayyareduppukalekkaal valare mikachathaanennu thelinju."nilavil amerikkayil shedule II marunnayi pattikappedutthiyirikku fencyclidine (pcp) yude yadhaartha nirmmathaavum pettant udamayum paarkk-davis aayirunnu. 1962ll ithu kettalaar (kettaamain hydrochloride) enna general anaesthetic, desosiative marunum vikasippichu.
paarkk-davis vyaapakamaayi labhyamaya aadyathe apasmara chikilsayaaya delantin 1939 ll amgeekarichu, ennirunnaalum ithu samyukthamo prayogamo svanthamaayi kandethiyilla.
japanese sthaapanamaaya daichi sankio kambaniyumaayi sahakarichu. britiish sthaapanamaaya glaxo velkkam, paarkk-davis enniva 1990 kalude avasaanathil prameha virudha marunnu resulin (troglitaason) vikasippikkukayum vipananam cheyyukayum cheythu. karal vishaamsham kaaranam 2000-ll marunnu pinvalichu.
paarkk-davis aadyathe bacteria vaxine vikasippicheduthu, athinaal kambani vaaksinolaji mekhalayile oru thudakkakkaaranaayi ariyapettu. yadhaartha salk killed-vairas vaxine nirmmikkaan karar cheytha anchu sthaapanangalil onnaanith. kwadraijan ennu vilikkunna dpt, poliyo vaaksinukalude samyojanam 1954 ll vikasippikkukayum 1959 ll amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. prathirodha kuthivayppu edutha kuttikalil prathikoola falangalumaayi bandhapetta niravadhi vyavahaarangalkk sesham 1968 ll kwadraijan vipaniyil ninnu neekkam cheythu. paarkk-davis vishala-spectrum antibiotic chloramphenicolum nirmmichu, ithu aaplaastik anaemiyayumaayi bandhappettathayi kandethunnathinumbu oru blockbuster uthppannamaayirunnu.
kambani janapriyamaakkiya mattu uthppannangalil aanti-infectivukalum braandukalude samyojitha ooral garbhanirodhana gulikakalum ulppedunnu.

