lokathinte pradhana bhagangal

piyari ambroise francois choderlos dii laclosse (18 october 1741-5 septambar 1803) oru franch novelistum audyogikanum freemason armi janaralumaayirunnu, "less liyaasans dangerius" ("apakadakaramaaya bandhangal") (1782) enna epistolari noval ezhuthiyathil prashasthanaayirunnu.
franch saahithyathile oru savisheshamaaya udaaharanamaaya addeham markvis dii sadeh allengil restif dii laa bretonineppole oru apakeerthikaranaaya ezhuthukaaranaayi valarekkaalamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. manushyabandhangalekkurich oru midhyaadhaaranayumillaatha oru sainika udyogasthanum oru amachwar ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu addeham; ennirunnaalum, addehathinte prarambha padhathi "saadhaaranayil ninnu maari, shabdamundaakkukayum, maranashesham bhoomiyil nilanilkkukayum cheiyunna oru kruthi ezhuthuka" ennathaayirunnu; eee veekshanakonil ninnu addeham kooduthalum thante lakshyangal nediyathu thante maasttar varkk "less liyaasans dangetues" enna prashasthiyiloodeyaanu. prabhukkanmaarude pranayaparamaaya goodaalochanakal paryavekshanam cheiyunna pathinettaam noottaandile novelist saahithyathinte maastarpeesukalil onnaanith. niravadhi vimarsanaathmakavum vishakalanaparavumaya vyaakhyaanangal, naadakangal, sinimakal ennivaykku ithu prachodanamaayittundu.
jeevacharitram.
oru boorshwas kudumbatthil amiyansil janicha laclosse 1761ll ekkol polytechnicinte poorvvikanaaya "school oof artilary oof laa ferre" yill patanam aarambhichu. oru yuva leftanantenna nilayil, ezhu varshathe yudhathinte (1763) avasaanam vare addeham laa roshell oru gaarsanilaan hrasvamaayi sevanamanushtichathu. strasburg (1765-1769), grenoble (1769-1775), besancon (1775-1776) ennividangalilekkulla posttingukal pinthudarnnu.
1763ll laclosse toulile "ell 'union" sainika lodjile oru freemesonaayi maari.
kyapttan padaviyilekku (1771) sthaanakkayattam labhichittum, laclosse thante peeranki kaavalkkareyum sainikarude koottattheyum kurichu kooduthal maduthu; addeham thante ozhivu samayam ezhuthinaayi neekkivaykkaan thudangi. addehathinte aadya kruthikal, niravadhi laghuvaaya kavithakal, "almanach dess muses" ll prathyakshappettu. pinneedu addeham maari jeane recobony oru novalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond "ernestin" enna oru opera komikkinaayi libretto ezhuthi. shevelier dii seyint jorjas aanu samgeetham orukkiyirikkunnath. 1777 juulai juulai kween maari aantonettinte saannidhyathil nadanna athinte aadya pradarshanam parajayamaayi. athe varsham thanne addeham addeham madhyathil nepolian bonapart vidyaarthikalil ulppedunna oru puthiya peeranki vidyaalayam sthaapichu. 1778ll besanconilekku madangiyethiyappol laclosinu enchineeyarmaarude randaamathe captanaayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. eee kaalayalavil addeham niravadhi kruthikal ezhuthi, athu jeane-jackwus roosoyodulla addehathinte valia aadarav kaanikkunnu (1712-1778).
1776-ll laclosse paareesile "henry IV" lodjumaayi bandhappedaan abhyarthikkukayum sweekarikkukayum cheythu. fraansinte grand ooriyantine nayikkunna oorliyans rajakumaaranaaya luis philipp randaamane addeham avide sahayichu. 1777-ll, grand ooriyantile vishishtaathidhikalkku munnil, addeham oru prasangam nadatthi, athil sthreekale freemasonaryilekku aarambhikkanamenn abhyarthichu.
1779-ll briteeshukaarkkethire kottakalude nirmmaanatthil maarkk rene, markvis dii montalembertine sahayikkaan addehathe Île-d 'ix (innathe chaarent-maaridaim) lake ayachu. ennirunnaalum, addeham thante puthiya epistolari novalaaya "less liyaasans dangetues", "maadam dii mondelbertinu ezhuthiya kathu" enniva ezhuthunnathinaayi kooduthal samayavum chelavazhichu. aarumaasathe avadikkaalam chodikkukayum sweekarikkukayum cheythappol addeham paareesil samayam chelavazhichu, ezhuthi.
1782 march 23 nuu durand neview naalu vaalyangalayi "less liyaasans dangetues" prasidheekarichu; ithu vyapakamaaya vijayamayi (oru maasathil 1,000 koppikal vittazhichu, akkaalathe asaadhaaranamaaya phalam). brittaniyile thante kaaval senayilekku madangaan laclosinode udan thanne utharavittu; puthiya aayudhashekharathinte nirmmaanatthil sahakarikkunnathinaayi 1783-ll addehathe laa roshalilekku ayachu. ividevechu addeham 1786 meyy meyy vivaham kazhikkukayum jeevithakalam muzhuvan addehathodoppam thudarukayum cheiyunna maari-soulaanchu dupereye kandumutty. adutha varsham addeham paareesile theruvukalude numpering padhathi aarambhichu.
1788-ll, oorliyans rajakumaaranaaya luis philippinte sevanathil praveshicha laclosse sainyam upekshichu, 1789-ll franch viplavam pottippurappettathinum addeham theevramaaya nayatantra pravarthanangalumaayi munnott pooyi. 1790/91 ll addeham "jenal dess amis dii laa konstityooshan" edittaraayirunnu, ithu fuyalantukalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. republican aadarshangalaal pidichedukkappetta addeham yudhamanthraalayathil kammeeshanaraayi sthaanam nedunnathinaayi dukine upekshichu. valmi yudhathil (1792 septambar 20) franch viplava sainyathinte vijayathil addehathinte punasamghadanaykku pankundennu parayappedunnu. pinneedu, general chaals francois dumoorisinte upekshaykku sesham (epril 1793), 1794 juulai 27 leeii thermidorian prathikaranatthinu sesham mochithanaaya oru "oorlinist" aayi addeham arast cheyyappettu.
athinusesham addeham baalistik padanangalil kurachu samayam chelavazhichu, ithu addehathe aadhunika peeranki shellinte kandupiduthathilekku nayichu. 1795ll pothusuraksha samiti sainyathil punasthaapikkanamennu addeham abhyarthichu; abhyarthana avaganikkapettu. nayatantra padavi nedaanum baank kandethanumulla addehathinte sramangalum parajayappettu. oduvil, laclosse yuva generaline kandumuttukayum aduthide (november 1799) aadyathe koonsal nepolian bonapartine niyamikkukayum addehathinte partyil cherukayum cheythu. 1800 januvari januvari addeham raine sainyathil brigadier generalayi sainyathil punasthaapikkappettu; addeham biberac yudhathil (1800 meyy 9) pankedutthu.
italiyile reserve peerankikalude commander-inn-cheefaayi (1803) niyamikkapetta laclosse taamasiyaathe muun konventaaya sent. orupakshe vayarilakkavum maleria moolam, taraantoyile francis oof assisi. addehathinte nirddeshaprakaaram nagaratthinaduthulla aisola dii saan pavloyil addehathinte peru ("fort dii laclosse") vahikkunna kottayil addehathe samskarichu. 1815-ll thekkan italiyile borbon veedu punasthaapichathinethudar addehathinte shavakudeeram nasippikkappettu; addehathinte asthikal kadalilekku erinjathaayi vishwasikkappedunnu.

