slavonia

croatiayile anchu charitraparamaaya pradeshangalil onnaanu dalmasia, croatia, isthriya, dubrovnik mekhala ennivayulla slavonia (;). raajyathinte kizhakk bhaagathekku neengumbol, ithu ekadesham anchu croatian kaundikalumaayi poruthappedunnu broad-posavina, osijek-barancha, pojega-slavonia, virovitica-podravina, vukovar-syrmia, kaundikalude pradeshathu baranya ulppedunnundengilum slavoniayude padinjaaran vyaapthiye oru pradeshamenna nirvachanam vyathyaasappedunnu. croatiayile janasamkhyayude 806, <aii. dii. 1> aalukal adhivasikkunna croatiayude kaundikal allengil <aii. dii. 2> ulkkollunnu. eee mekhalayile ettavum valia nagaram osijekk aanu, thudarnnu slaavonski broad vincovsy.
danube, drava, saava nadikalaal pradhaanamaayum athirthi pankidunna pannonian thadatthilaanu slavonia sthithi cheiyunnathu. padinjaaru bhaagath, saava, drava thaazhvarakalum pojega thaazhvaraykku chuttumulla parvathangalum kizhakk samathalangalum ulkkollunnu. thaarathamyena kuranja mazhayulla mithamaaya bhookhanda kaalavasthayaanu slavonia aaswadikkunnathu.
anchaam noottaand vare aadhunika slavonia pradesham bharichirunna padinjaaran roman saamraajyathinte pathanathinushesham, ezhaam noottaandil lover pannonia principality sthaapithamaayappol avarukaludeyum slaavukaludeyum varavinu munbu austrogothukalum lombaardukalum eee pradesham niyanthrichu. pinneedu ithu croatian raajyathil ulppeduthi; athinte thakarchaykku sesham, hangariyumaayulla vyakthiparamaaya ikyathiloodeyaanu raajyam bharichathu.
panthrandaam noottaandil ithu hangarian kireedatthinte bhaagamaayi maari. maari 1536num idayil ottomaan slavonia keezhadakki. 1699ll, aii. dii. 1 enna mahathaaya turkish yudhathinu sesham, carlovits udambadi slavonia habsburgukalilekku maatti. maatti austro-hungarian othutheerppinu sesham slavonia raajyathinte hangarian bhaagamaayitheerukayum oru varshathinusesham athu croatia-slavonia raajyathinte bhagamaakukayum cheythu. 1918-ll austriya-hungery pirichuvidappettappol, slavonia slovens, crots, serbs ennivayude hraswakaala avasthayude bhaagamaayi maari, athu serbs, crots, slovens ennivayude raajyathinte bhaagamaayi maari, pinneedu yugoslavia ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. croatian swaathanthryasamarathil sambhavichathu vukovar yuddham ulppede slavonia kadutha poraattangalkku saakshyam vahichu.
slavoniayude sambadvyavastha pradhaanamaayum samskarana vyavasaayam, vyapaaram, gathagatham, sivil enchiniyaring ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. croatiayude kaarshika bhoomiyude 45 sathamaanavum ulkkollunna slavonia, croatiayude kannukaali valarthalinteyum sthiramaaya vilakalude ulppaadanathinteyum ganyamaaya anupaathamaan. slavoniayile anchu kaundikalude motham aabhyanthara uthppaadanam (jii. dii. pii) deseeya saraashariyekkaal kuravaaya 6,454 dasalaksham euro allengil aalohari 8,005 euroyaanu. anchu kaundikalude jii. dii. pii croatiayude jii. dii. piyude <aii. dii. 1> prathinidheekarikkunnu.
slavoniayude saamskaarika paithrikam charitraparamaaya swaadheenangalude samyojanathe prathinidheekarikkunnu, prathyekichu pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal, slavonia automan yudhangalil ninnum athinte parambaraagatha samskaarathil ninnum karakayaran thudangiyappol. kala, ezhuthukaar, kavikal, shilpikal, kalayude rakshaakarthruthvam ennivayiloode croatian samskaarathin slavonia sambhavana nalki. parambaraagatha samgeethathil, slavonia croatiayude oru prathyeka pradesham ulkkollunnu, parambaraagatha samskaaram naadodi uthsavangaliloode samrakshikkappedunnu, tamboorikka samgeethathinum yuneskoyude adrishyamaaya saamskaarika paithrukamaayi amgeekarikkappetta parambaraagatha gaanatthinte oru roopamaaya bekkarakkinum praadhaanyam nalkunnu. slavoniayude paachakareeti vaividhyamaarnna swaadheenangale prathifalippikkunnu-parambaraagathavum videsavumaaya gadakangalude samyojanam. slovonia croatiayile wine nirmmaana pradesangalilonnaanu, elok kutjevo wine ulppaadana kendrangalaayi amgeekarikkappettittundu.
charithram.
madhyakaalakhattatthinte thudakkathil ninnaan slavonia enna peru uthbhavichath. avide sthirathaamasamaakkukayum svayam sloven ennu vilikkukayum cheytha adimakalude perilaanu eee pradesham ariyappedunnathu. sutla nadiyude padinjaaru pradeshathu thamasikkunna aalukal samsaarikkunna bhaashakalude vividha bhaashaabhedangalilum athupole thanne saava, drava nadikalkkidayilum-muun illirikkam pradeshathu thamasikkunna thekkan slaavukalilum * sloven-enna verukal prathyakshappettu. aaa nadikalaal chuttapetta pradeshathe proto-slavic bhashayil * slovenje ennu vilichirunnu. eee vaakk pinneedu slavik bhashakalil athinte vividha roopangalilekku parinamichu, mattu bhashakal eee padam sweekarichu.
charitraatheethavum puraathanavum.
croatiayile ellah pradeshangalilum niravadhi navashilaayugam, chalcolithic samskaarangalude avashishtangal kandethiyittundengil slavonia ulppede vadakkan croatiayile nadeethadangalilaanu mikka sthalangalum kaanappedunnath. slaavonski brodinu sameepam kandethiyathum bisi 6100-5200 kaalathethumaaya starsevo samskaaram, vusedol samskaaram, badden samskaaram, costolac samskaaram enniva saannidhyam kandethiya ettavum pradhanappetta samskaarangalil ulppedunnu. vukovar, vinkovi, osijek ennivaykku sameepamulla daanyoobinte valath theerathinaduthulla pradeshathaanu baden, vusedol samskaarangalkk kaaranamaaya mikka kandethalukalum kandethiyathu. slavoniayile badden saamskaarika kendrangal bisi 3600-3300 kaalathethaanu, vusedol saamskaarika kandethalukal bisi 3000-2500 kaalathethaanu. irumbukaalathil aadyakaala ilrian halstaatt samskaarathinteyum celtic laa tenne samskaarathinteyum adayaalangal avasheshichu. valare pinneedu, innathe slavoniayude bhooribhaagavum niyanthrichirunna pannonians ulppedeyulla ilriyakkaarum mattu gothrangalum eee pradeshathu sthirathaamasamaakki. adriatic kadalinodu chernnulla pradeshangale apekshichu illrian vaasasthalangalude puraavastu kandethalukal valare kuravaanengilum, udaaharanathinu, pojegaykkaduthulla kaapttolil kaaryamaaya kandethalukal nadannittundu. bii. sii. 35-ll romakkar sestikka allengil aadhunika sisak keezhadakkiyappozhanu pannoniyakkaar aadyamaayi roman republicumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthiyathu. aadhunika slavonia daanyoobinte valathu theerathulla oru vishalamaaya pradeshavum ulkkollunna roman pravisyayaaya illirikkam sthaapithamaayappol bii. sii. 11-laanu eee adhinivesham poortthiyaayathu. pravishya pannonia ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum rund pathittaandukalkkullil vibhajikkukayum cheythu.
madhyakaalakhattam.
aadhunika slavonia kaivashappedutthiya pradesham ulppedunna padinjaaran roman saamraajyathinte thakarchaykku sesham anchaam noottaandinte avasaanathode eee pradesham austrogothic raajyathinte bhaagamaayi maari. ennirunnaalum, eee pradeshatthinte niyanthranam oru pradhana dauthyamaayi theliyikkukayum aaram noottaandil pannoniayude niyanthranam vardhippikkaan lombardukalkku nalkukayum cheythu, athu 568-ll pinvalikkunnathilum 582-oode pannoniayude niyanthranam sthaapicha pannonian avarukaludeyum slaavukaludeyum varavilum avasaanichu. onpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil avar khagaanett thakarnnathin sesham, thaazhnna pannoniyayil fraankukalude saamanthanmaaraaya slavik bharanadhikaarikal bharikkunna oru principality undaayirunnu. hangarian gothrangalude adhinivesham eee samsthaanathe keezhadakki. onpathaam noottaandil slavoniayude kizhakkan bhagam bulgerukal bharichirunnathaakaam. croatiayile aadya rajaavaaya tomislav hangarian, bulgarian aakramanangale paraajayappedutthukayum croatian rajaakkanmaarude swaadheenam vadakkott slavoniayilekku vyaapippikkukayum cheythu. pathinonnam noottaandil peettar cressimir naalaaman (1058-1074), dimithar swonimir (1075-1089) ennivarude bharanakaalathu madhyakala croatian raajyam athinte unnathiyilethi. 1091ll stjepaan randaaman marichappol, tripimirovic rajavamsham avasaanichappol, hangariyile ladislas onnaaman croatian kireedam avakashappettu. eee avakaashavaadathodulla ethirppu 1102ll coloman bharichirunna croatiayudeyum hangariyudeyum yudhathilekkum vyakthiparamaaya aikyathilekkum nayichu. panthrandaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil, croatia dravan sava thammilulla pradeshavum bharichirunnathu rajaavu niyamicha ellah slavoniayudeyum nirodhanamaayirunnu. 13-aamm noottaand muthal, innathe central croatia, padinjaaran slavonia, vadakkupadinjaaran bosnia, hersegovina ennivayude chila bhagangal oru prathyeka nirodhanam bharichu, slavonia raajyam () enna peril oru puthiya asthithvam uyarnnuvanna oru pradesham, athesamayam aadhunika kizhakkan slavonia hangariyude bhaagamaayirunnu. 1476ll croatia slavonia ore nirodhanathin keezhil (viceroi) onnichuvenkilum 1558 vare avar prathyeka paarlamentukal nilanirtthi.
croatiayile automan vijayangal 1493 leeii krobava feeld yudhathilekkum 1526 leeii mohakkukalude yudhathilekkum nayichu, randum nirnnayaka automan vijayangalil avasaanichu. hangariyile luis randaaman rajaavu mohakkil vachu marichu, 1527ll ottomaan saamraajyathil ninnu croatiaykku samrakshanam nalkanamenna vyavasthayil, athinte rashtreeya avakaashangale maanichukondu, habsburg bhavanathile ferdinand onnaaman croatiayude puthiya bharanadhikaariyaayi thiranjedukkappettu. eee kaalayalavil francopan, shbick thudangiya thaddesheeya prabhukkanmaarude praadhaanyavum aathyanthikamayi rund kudumbangalil ninnulla niravadhi nirodanangalum uyarnnu. croatiayude kottu oof aamsinte bhaagamaayi audyogika padaviyil upayogikkunna slavoniayude ippozhathe kottu oof ams eee kaalaghattatthil ninnaan-ithu 1496 desember 8 nuu vladislos randaaman jagiyallon rajaavu slavoniaykku nalki.
automan adhinivesham.
mohakkukalude yudhathethudarnnu, ottomanmaar 1536 ll dacovo pidichadakki slavoniayilum 1537 ll pojegayilum thangalude swathukkal vipuleekarichu, slavonia thirichupidikkaan sramikkunna johann katsiyanarude neethrthwathilulla oru habsburg sainyathe 1537 septambaril gorjaanil paraajayappeduthi. 1540 aayappozhekkum osijekkum ottomanmaarude uracha niyanthranathilaayirunnu, koodaathe pojegayude sanjak sthaapich slavoniayil pathiv bharanam earppeduthi. athe varsham novska keezhadangiyathode slavoniayile automan niyanthranam vipuleekarichu. turkey adhinivesham thudarnnu-1541-ll nassis, 1542-ll orahovica, slattina, 1543-ll vosin, sirak, 40 divasathe uparodhathin sesham valpovo enniva pidichedutthu. 1544ll automan sainyam pakrak keezhadakki. sathrutha kurayunnathu 1547-ll anchu varshathe vedinirthalum habsburg automan saamrajyangalum thammilulla athirthiyude thaalkkaalika sthirathayum konduvannu, virovitica ettavum pradhanappetta prathirodha habsburg kottayaayi maari, koodaathe sisaakkilekkum kasmayilekkum ottomaan munnettangal nadathiyathinaal, nagarangalude hrasvamaaya adhinivesham ulppede slavoniayile ettavum pradhanappetta automan kendramaaya pojega. turkish sainyathinte kooduthal padinjaaran sramangal sagrebin backie croatiaykkum hangarian rajyathinum kaaryamaaya bheeshani uyarthi, ithu habsburg raajavaazhchayude kooduthal prathirodha prathibaddhathaykku kaaranamaayi. kaaranamaayi vedinirthal avasaanichu oru varshathinu sesham, croatian sainika athirthiyude mungamiyaaya ivaan lenkovic athirthi pradeshangalil kottakaludeyum sainyathinteyum oru samvidaanam aavishkarichu. ennirunnaalum, 1552-ll, virovitica pidichadakkiyappol slavoniayude automan keezhadakkal poortthiyaayi. croatian pradeshathe automan munnettangal 1593 leeii sisak yuddham vare thudarnnu, ithu aadyathe nirnnayaka automan parajayavum athirthiyude kooduthal shaashvathamaaya sthirathayum aayirunnu. mahathaaya turkish yudhathil (1683-1698), 1684 num 1691 num idayil automanmaar eee pradesham upekshichappol slavonia veendeduthu-automan adhiniveshathinu munbu croatiayude bhagamaayirunna padinjaaran bosniyayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi. innathe slavoniayude thekkan athirthiyum croatiaykkum bosniaykkum hersegovinaykkum edayilulla athirthiyum eee phalatthinte avashishtamaan.
ottoman yudhangal valia janasamkhyaaparamaaya maattangalkk kaaranamaayi. austriyayilekku kudiyeriya krottukal, innathe burgenland krottukal eee kudiyettakkaarude nerittulla pingaamikalaan. turkey bharanathinte avasaanathil slavoniayile musleem janasamkhyayil pakuthiyolam thaddesheeyarum, pradhaanamaayum krottukaarum, bosniyayil ninnum serbiyayil ninnum kudiyeriyavarum apoorvvamaayi yadhaartha tarkkukaloo arabikaloo aayirunnu. pathinaram noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil slavoniayil ninnulla vlaakkukal janasamkhyayude oru prathyeka bhagamaayirunnilla, kaaranam vlaakkukal allaathavarkku vlaakkukal avarude padavi nedunnathinaayi vlakkukalumaayi kalarnnathinal vlack aanukoolyangal akarshakamaayirunnu. olichodi varunna krottukaare maattisthaapikkaan, bosniayileyum serbiayileyum yaadhaasthithika janangalodu croatian sainika athirthiyil sainika sevanam nalkaan habsburgs aavasyappettu. 1690-leyum aii. dii. 1-leyum valia serb kudiyettatthinidayil eee pradeshathekkulla serb kudiyettam ettavum uyarnnu. ettavum kooduthal serb saandrata kizhakkan slavoniyayilaayirunnu, koodaathe serbian oorthadoox metropolittanmaarude kazhchayaayi shremsky karlovi maari. maari sesham aarambhicha eee prakriya thudarnnukondu, kolonistukalude oru bhagam saavayude thekk bhaagath ninnu, prathyekichu soolii, usora pradeshangalil ninnu slavoniayilekku vannu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, oru puthiya kolanivalkkarana tharamgam undayirunnathaayi thonnunnu, ekadesham 10,000 kudumbangal klisile sanjakkil ninno bosniyayile sanjak pradeshathu ninno vannathayi karuthappedunnu.
habsburg rajavaazhchayum austriya-hungery.
carlovits udambadiyiloode ettedutha pradeshangal hangariyumaayum habsburgukal bharikkunna unionumaayum chernnu croatiaykku nalkappettu. una, saava, danube nadikalkkaduthulla athirthi pradesham slavonian sainika athirthiyaayi maari. eee samayat, posigayil ninnu puthuthayi roopeekaricha slavonia raajyathinte bharana, sainika kendratthinte punk osijekk etteduthu. etteduthu 1830kalilum romaantik deseeyatha croatian deseeya punarujjeevanathe prachodippichu, saamraajyathile ellah thekkan adimakaludeyum aikyathe pinthunaykkunna oru raashtreeyavum saamskaarikavumaaya pracharanam. croatian saahithyathinteyum samskaarathinteyum prachaaranathodoppam hangarian bhaashaykk ethiraayi oru saadhaarana bhasha sthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu athinte praadhamika shradha. shradha hangarian viplavathil croatia oostriyakkaarude paksham chernnu 1849ll hangarian senaye paraajayappeduthaan sahaayicha josip jelassic nirodhikkukayum jarmmanvalkkarana nayatthinte oru kaalaghattatthilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. cheythu, nayatthinte parajayam prakadamaayi, 1867 leeii austro-hangarian othutheerppilekkum austriyan saamraajyathinte kireedangalum hungery raajyavum thammil oru vyakthigatha union srishtikkunnathilekkum nayichu. udambadi croatiayude padavi translathaniayude bhaagamaayi hungerick vittukoduthu-1868 leeii croatian-hangarian othutheerppiloode eee padavi pariharikkapettu, croatia slavonia croatia-slavonia rajyamaayi ikyappettu. ikyappettu berlin udambadiyethudarnnu austriya-hungery bosnia hersegovina kaivashappedutthiya sesham, sainika athirthikal nirthalaakkukayum croatian-hangarian settilmentinte vyavasthakalkkanusrithamaayi croatian, slavonian sainika athirthi pradesham 1881ll croatia-slavoniayilekku madangukayum cheythu. akkaalat, croatia-slavoniayude kizhakke attathulla sthalam semun aayi maari, kaaranam syrmia muzhuvan raajyam ulkkollunnu.
yugoslavia raajyavum randaam lokamahaayudhavum.
1918 october 29 nuu croatian sabar swaathanthryam prakhyapikkukayum puthuthayi roopeekaricha slovens, crots, serbs ennee rajyangalumaayi cheraan theerumaanikkukayum 1918 desember 4 nuu serbia rajyavumaayi chernnu serbs, crots, slovens ennivayude raajyam roopeekarikkukayum cheythu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathil 1920ll onnaam lokamahaayudhathile sakhyakakshikalum hungery thammil austriya-hangariyude pingaamikalilonnaayaanu trianon udambadi oppuvachathu. kaundiyude vadakkan bhagam maathram hungery nilanirtthiyirunna baranya ozhike, eee udambadi drava, mura nadikalkku kuruke hangariyude thekkan athirthi sthaapichu. osijekkinu sameepamaanengilum, 1918 nuu munbulla bharanaparamaya divisionukal puthiya raajyam vichedichathinaal, baaranyayile pradeshika ettedukkal slavoniayude bhagamaakkiyilla. puthiya raajyathile rashtreeya sahacharyam vashalaavukayum 1929 januvariyil alexander raajaavinte svechaadhipathyathilekka nayikkukayum cheythu. 1931ll rajaavu kooduthal ekapaksheeyamaaya bharanaghadana earppeduthukayum executive adikaaram rajaavinu kaimarukayum raajyathinte peru yugoslavia ennu maattukayum cheythathode svechaadhipathyam aupachaarikamaayi avasaanichu. 1939 augustile kvetkovik-massec karar slavonia ulkkollunna croatiayude svayambharana banovina srishtichu. karar anusarichu, yugoslav sarkkar prathirodham, aabhyanthara suraksha, videsakaaryangal, vyapaaram, gathagatham ennivayude niyanthranam nilanirtthiyappol mattu karyangal croatian sabarinum kireedatthaal niyukthamaaya 'nirodhanathinum' vittukoduthu.
1941 eprilil germmaniyum italiyum yugoslavia kaivashappedutthi. aakramanathethudarnnu slavonia pradesham naasi pinthunayulla paava rashtramaaya croatia enna swatantra samsthaanathil ulppeduthukayum randaam lokamahaayudhakaalathekku jarmman adhiniveshathinu keezhilulla oru mekhalayaayi nischayikkukayum cheythu. bharanakoodam yahooda virudha niyamangal avatharippikkukayum serb, roma janangalkkethire vamseeya shudheekaranathinteyum vamshahathyayudeyum oru pracharanam nadathukayum cheythu, udaaharanathinu jasenovac, staara gradisca thadankalppaalayangal, ennaal slavoniayil mattu pradeshangale apekshichu valare kurachu, pradeshathu samadhaanam nilanirthunnathile achuthandinte thanthraparamaaya thalpparyangal kaaranam. ettavum valia koottakkola nadannathu 1942ll vochinil vechaanu.
eee mekhalayil sayudha prathirodham taamasiyaathe vikasikkukayum 1942 aayappozhekkum yugoslav paarttisinte ganyamaaya pradeshangal, prathyekichu slavoniayude parvathapradeshangal niyanthrikkukayum cheythu. crott sivilian janathaykkethire vamshahathya nadatthiya serbian rajakeeya chetnikal yudhathiludaneelam slavoniayil kaaryamaaya saannidhyam sthaapikkaan paadupettu. 1945 eprilil josip broze taittoyude neethrthwathilulla paartisanmaar slavoniayude poornna niyanthranam etteduthu. yudhathinushesham, puthiya yugoslav sarkkar praadeshika jarmmankaare slavoniayile kyaambukalil thadavilaakki, athil ettavum valuth vaalpovoyilum krandijayilum aayirunnu, avide palarum pattiniyum rogangalum moolam marichu.
federal yugoslavi croatiayude swaathanthryavum.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, slavonia ulppedeyulla croatia kammyoonistukaar bharikkunna, ennaal federationullil oru paridhivare svayambharanaadhikaaram aaswadikkunna, soshyalist federal republic oof yougoslaviayude eaka-party soshyalist federal unitaayi maari. 1974 leeii yugoslav bharanaghadanaykku sesham svayambharanaadhikaaram phalapradamaayi vardhichu, adisthaanaparamaayi croatian spring prasthaanatthinte oru lakshyam niravettukayum federative gadakangalude swaathanthryathinu niyamaparamaaya adisthaanam nalkukayum cheythu. 1947ll muun yugoslav ghadaka republicukalude ellah athirthikalum athirthi nirnaya commissionukal nirvachichappol, nirvachichappol 1943leyum avanojinte theerumaanangalkkanusrithayi, "yugoslav baranya" yude federal oorganaiseshane slavoniayumaayi samyojippikkaan anuvadikkunna croatian pradeshamaayi nirvachichu. 1918 muthal onnaam lokamahaayudham vare nilaninnirunna baiks-bodrog kaundiyum croatia-slavonia raajyavum thammilulla athirthiyumaayi poruthappedunna dravayude samgamasthaanathinu thekkulla bhagam, syrmiayile serbia croatia thammilulla innathe athirthiyum dravayude mukhadvaaraykkum elokkinum edayilulla danube nadiyude theerathum hangarian athirthiyilekkum commissionukal sthaapichu.
sthaapichu serbian saanu memmoraandavum memmoraandavum vojvodina, kosovo, montenegro ennividangalile attimarikalum moolam deseeya samgharsham pottippurappettathode pottippurappettathode yougoslaviayile rashtreeya sahacharyam vashalayi. 1990 januvariyil communist party deseeya thalatthil vibhajikkapettu, croatian vibhaagam oru ayanja federation aavasyappettu. athe varsham, aadyathe multy-party thiranjeduppu croatiayil nadannu, franco tudmante vijayam deseeya samgharshangal kooduthal uyarthi. croatiayil ninnu swaathanthryam nedukayenna uddeshyathode croatiayile serbukal sabar upekshichu taamasiyaathe amgeekarikkappedaatha svayam prakhyapitha republic oof serbian krajina (aarr. ezz. keey) aayi maarunna pradeshangalude svayambharanaavakaasham prakhyaapichu. samgharshangal vardhichathode 1991 juunil croatia swaathanthryam prakhyaapichu; ennirunnaalum 1991 october 8 nuu prakhyapanam praabalyatthil vannu. yugoslav deseeya sainyavum vividha serb ardhasainika vibhaagangalum croatia aakramichappol croatian swaathanthryasamarathilekka samgharshangal vardhichu. 1991 avasaanathode, oru vishalamaaya munnaniyiloode nadanna uyarnna theevrathayulla yuddham croatia athinte pradeshatthinte moonnil rund bhaagavum niyanthrikkunnathilekk kurachu.
slavoniayil, aadyathe sayudha samgharshangal pakraakkilum vukovarinaduthulla borovo seloyilumulla ettumuttalukalaayirunnu. banja lukayil ninnu vadakkott saava nadikku kuruke yugoslav sainyam munneriyathinethudarnnu 1991 augustil padinjaaran slavonia kaivashappedutthi. 1995 meyy maasathil ooppareshan flash vare moonnu varshathilere phalatthil maattamillathe thudarnna okuchaanikkum pakrakkinu thekkum oru munnira sthaapicha okkos 10, oorkkan 91 ennee ooppareshanukalil croatian sainyam ithine bhaagikamaayi pinnott thalli. kizhakkan slavoniayile sayudha samgharsham, vukovar yudhathilum thudarnnulla koottakolayilum kalaashichu, athil kanatha poraattavum osijekkinteyum vinkovichiyudeyum vijayakaramaya prathirodhavum ulppedunnu. munnira sthireekarikkukayum 1992 januvari 2 nuu vedinirthal amgeekarikkukayum pittennu praabalyatthil varikayum cheythu. vedinirthalinu sesham, adhinivesha pradeshangalilekku aikyaraashtrasabhayude samrakshana senaye vinyasichenkilum bosniyayile serb niyanthrana pradeshangalil ninnu vikshepicha edaykkideyulla peerankikalum rokkatt aakramanangalum slavoniayude niravadhi pradeshangalil, prathyekichu slaavonski broadilum jupanjayilum thudarnnu. 1995 augustil croatia aarr. ezz. keikkethire nirnnayaka vijayam nediyathode 1995ll yuddham phalapradamaayi avasaanichu. sheshikkunna adhinivesha pradesangalaaya kizhakkan slavonia 1995 novemberile erdut karar prakaram croatiayilekku punasthaapikkappettu, 1998 januvari pakuthiyode eee prakriya avasaanichu.
yudhaanantharam, eee mekhalayile niravadhi pattanangalum munisippaalittikalum prathyeka samsthaana aashankayulla mekhalakalaayi nischayichu.
bhoomishaasthram.
rashtreeya bhoomishaasthram.
croatian kaundikal 1992-ll veendum sthaapikkappettu, ennaal chila sandarbhangalil avayude athirthikal maari, ettavum puthiya punaravalokanam 2006-ll nadannu. slavoniayil anchu kaundikal ulppedunnu-broad-posavina, osijek-barancha, posega-slavonia, virovitica-podravina, vukovar-syrmia kaundikal-ithu charitraparamaayi slavoniayumaayi bandhapetta pradeshathe ulkkollunnu. anchu kaundi pradeshangalude padinjaaran athirthikal sthithicheyyunnathu ottoman adhinivesham muthal slavoniayude padinjaaran athirthi sthithicheyyunna pradeshathaanu, backie athirthikal croatiayude anthaaraashtra athirthikalilaanu. ithu kizhakkan croatia macrorigian roopeekarikkunna slavonian kaundikalilekku baranyayude croatian bhaagathe sthaapikkunnu. kizhakkan croatia", "slavonia" ennee padangal paryaayapadangalaayi kooduthalaayi upayogikkunnu. broad-posavina kaundiyil rund nagarangal ulppedunnu-slaavonski broad, nova gradisca-koodaathe croatiayile 26 munisippaalittikalum. belii manaastir, belish, donchi miholjack, dacovo, nasse, osijek, valpovo ennee ezhu nagarangalum 35 munisippaalittikalum ulppedunnathaanu osijek-barancha kaundi. kutjevo, lipic, pakrak, pleternica, pojega ennee anchu nagarangalum anchu munisippaalittikalum ulppedunnathaanu pojega-slavonia kaundi. virovitica-podravina kaundi moonnu nagarangalum 13 munisippaalittikalum ulkkollunnu-orahovica, slattina, virovitica. vukovar-sreejaam kaundiyil anchu nagarangalum-elock, autok, vinkovi, vukovar, jupancha-26 munisippaalittikalum ulppedunnu. maddhya croatiayude kooduthal pradeshangalkoppam croatiayude madhya, kizhakkan (pannonian) croatia nutts-2 stattistikkal yoonittinte kizhakkan pakuthiyaanu slavonia muzhuvan. mattu stattistikkal unitukal kaundikal, nagarangal, munisippaalittikal ennivayumaayi poruthappedunnu. croatian pradeshatthinte 22.2% prathinidheekarikkunna anchu kaundikal chernna vistheernna valuppamaan.
bhauthika bhoomishaasthram.
oru bhoomishaasthraparamaaya mekhala enna nilayil slavoniayude athirthikal anchu kaundikalude athirthikalumaayi poruthappedunnilla, saava, danube nadikal avaye nirvachikkunna thekkum kizhakkum ozhike. croatiayude anthaaraashtra athirthikal eee pradeshatthinte rund nirvachanangalkkum pothuvaaya athirthikalaanu. vadakku, athirthikal pradhaanamaayum yojikkunnu, kaaranam drava nadhi oru bhoomishaasthraparamaaya mekhalayaayi slavoniayude vadakkan athirthiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, ennaal eee pradesham slavoniayumaayi bandhapetta oru kaundiyude bhaagamaanenkilum ithu bhoomishaasthraparamaaya mekhalayude nirvachanathil ninnu baraniah ozhivaakkunnu. bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradeshatthinte padinjaaran athirthi prathyekamaayi nirvachikkappettitla, croatiayude rashtreeya vibhajanangale aashrayich charithratthiloode ithu vyathyasthamayi nirvachikkappettittundu. kizhakkan croatia, oru bhoomishaasthraparamaaya padamenna nilayil, slavoniayude mikka nirvachanangalum pradhaanamaayum ovarlaappu cheiyunnu. broad-posavina, osijek-barancha, pojega-slavonia, virovitica-podravina, vukovar-syrmia kaundikalude pradesamaayaanu ithine nirvachichirikkunnathu.
bhooprakrithi.
croatiayude moonnu pradhana geomorphological bhaagangalil onnaaya pannonian thadatthilaanu slavonia poornnamaayum sthithi cheiyunnathu. myosenian nertthathum paleosoic variskaan oorojeniyude avasaanathil roopappetta puramthodinte gadanakalude kshayichathumaaya avasthayiloodeyaanu pannonian thadam roopappettathu. papuk, sunch, mattu slavonian parvathanirakal ennividangalil paleosoic, mesosoic gadanakal drishyamaanu. eee prakriyakal 17-12 miah (dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu) thadatthil oru stratovolcanic shringhala roopappedunnathilekku nayikkukayum 5 miah vare theevramaaya kshayam nireekshikkukayum ekadesham 7.5 miah vare vellapokka basaltukalum kaanukayum cheythu. carpathian parvathanirakalude samakaalika uyarcha karinkadalil vellam ozhukunnathu thadanju, koodaathe nadeethadatthil pannonian kadal roopappettu. uyarnnuvarunna carpathian, dinarik parvathanirakalil ninnu avashishtangal thadatthilekku kondupoyi, transdanubian parvathanirakalude uyarchaykkide plaistoseenil prathyekichu aazhathilulla fluevial avashishtangal nikshepikkappettu. aathyanthikamayi, avashishtam vare thadatthil nikshepikkappedukayum pannonian kadal oduvil irumbu gettu malayidukkiloode ozhukukayum cheythu. thekkan pannonian thadatthil, subduction vazhi roopappedunna depressionukalude madhyabhagangal ozhike, neojeen muthal quaternary sediment aazham saadhaaranayaayi kuravaanu, sharashari-slavonia-syrmia depression, saava depression, drava depression, virovittikkaykkum slaattinaykkum idayil ettavum aazhathilulla avashishtam kaanapedunnu.
kizhakkan slavonia, baranya, syrmia ennividangalile valia samathalangalum nadeethadangalilum, prathyekichu saava, drava, kupa ennividangalile valia samathalangalumaan aaa prakriyakalude phalangal. pannonian samudra uparithalathe dveepukalaayi thakarthathaayi vishwasikkappedunna horst, graben gadanakalaal samathalangal chitharikkidakkunnu. slavoniayile atharam bhooprakrithikalil ettavum uyaram koodiyathu padinjaarum vadakkum ninnu pojega thaazhvaraykku chuttumulla sunch, papuk ennivayaanu. pappukkinodu chernnulla eee randilum crindijayilum 350-300 dasalaksham varsham pazhakkamulla paleosoic parakal kooduthalum adangiyirikkunnu. sunchinu kizhakkum thekk ninnu thaazhvaraye moodunna posesca gorayum dilj valare puthiya neojeen parakal ulkkollunnu, ennaal posesca gorayil mukalile cretatius avashishtangalum agni paarakalum adangiyirikkunnu, ithu kunninte pradhana, ridge roopappeduthukayum croatiayile ettavum valia agni karaa roopathe prathinidheekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. vochinu sameepamulla paappukkil oru cheria agniroopavum undu. pakrakkinu padinjaaru sthithicheyyunna rund parvathangalum moslawaka gorayum alpine oorojeniyumaayi bandhapetta oru agniparvvatha kamaanatthinte avashishtangalaan-dinarik aalpsinte uyarcha. diljil ninnu kizhakode vyaapichukidakkunna, vukaa, bosset nadikalkkidayilulla neertthadatthe prathinidheekarikkunna, dacovo-vukovar loyas samathalangal kramena elokkinu thekk frusca gorayilekku uyarunnu.
jalashasthravum kaalaavasthayum.
slavoniayile ettavum valia nadikal athinte athirthikalilo sameepatho kaanapedunnu-danube, saava, drava. slavoniayude kizhakkan athirthiyiloodeyum vukovar, elock nagarangaliloodeyum ozhukunna daanyoobinte neelam drava vookayumaanu. drava osijekkinu kizhakkayi aljmasinu sameepam danubilekku ozhukumbol vukkayude mukhabhaagam vukovarilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. slavoniayude thekkan athirthiyiloodeyum slaavonski broad, jupanja nagarangaliloodeyum ozhukunna saavayude pradhana poshakanadikal pojegayiloode ozhukunna oorljaavayum slavoniayile bosset-vinkovsiyayiloode kadannupokunnu. slavoniayil valia thadakangalonnumilla. ettavum valuth borovic reservoir covering uparithala vistheernavum vyathyaasappedunna kopasevo thadaakamaan. kopachi ritt thanneerthadatthinullil sthithi cheiyunna hulovsky kanal vazhi danubumaayi kopachevo thadaakam bandhippichirikkunnu, athesamayam 1978 ll vukaa nadiyude mukal bhaagath srishticha oru krithrima thadaakamaan borovic thadaakam.
muzhuvan slavonia danube thadatthilum karinkadal vrishtipradeshathum pedunnu, pakshe ithu rund upa thadangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. avayilonnu saavayilekkum mattonn dravayilekkum allengil nerittu danubilekkum ozhukunnu. rund upa-thadangal thammilulla drainage vibhajanam papuk, krandija parvathanirakaliloode kadannupokunnu, phalatthil virovitica-podravina kaundiyude thekkan athirthiyum pojega-slavonia kaundiyude vadakkan athirthiyum kandethunnu, dacovoic vadakkulla osijek-podravina kaundiyiloode kadakkukayum oduvil vukovarinum vincovsic idayil oodunna vukovar-syrmia kaundiye vibhajikkukayum elokkinu thekkupadinjaraayi frusca gorayilethukayum cheiyunnu. broad-posavina kaundi muzhuvan saava sub-besinil sthithicheyyunnu.
slavonia ulppedeyulla croatiayude bhooribhaagathinum copen kalavastha vargeekaranam nirvachichathupole mithamaaya choodullathum mazhayullathumaaya bhookhanda kaalaavasthayundu. ettavum choodulla masamaaya juulai sharashari vaarshika thaapanila sharashari, athil kurachu thaazheyaan. bhookhandapradeshangalil thaapanilayude ettavum uyarnna thaapanila kooduthal prakadamaanu-ettavum kuranja thaapanila 1963 januvari 24 nuu slaavonski broadle rekhappeduthukayum ettavum uyarnna thaapanila 1950 juulai 5 nuu dakkovoyil rekhappeduthukayum cheythu. slavoniayude kizhakkan bhaagangalil ettavum kuranja mazha rekhappeduthunnathu prathivarshatthil thaazheyaan, ennirunnaalum pinneedulla saahacharyathil ithu kooduthalum valarunna samayathaan sambhavikkunnath. slavoniayude padinjaaran bhaagangalil mazha labhikkunnu. kuranja shaityakaala thapanilayum varsham muzhuvanum mazhayude vitharanavum saadhaaranayaayi manjumoodiyathinum thanuthuranja nadikalkkum kaaranamaakunnu-jalathinteyum naavigeshanteyum ozhukk nilanirthaan aise brakerukalum theevramaaya kesukalil sphodakavasthukkalum upayogikkendathundu. slavoniaykku prathivarsham sharashari 2,000 manikkooriladikam sooryaprakaasham labhikkunnu. vadakkukizhakkan, thekk padinjaaran bhaagangalil ilam muthal mithamaaya kaatt veeshunnu.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
janasamkhyaashaasthram sensus prakaram slavoniayile anchu kaundikalude motham janasamkhya 806,192 aayirunnu, ithu croatiayile janasamkhyayude 19 sathamaanamaanu. slavoniayile motham janasamkhyayude ettavum valia bhagam osijek-barancha kaundiyilum thudarnnu vukovar-syrmia kaundiyilumaanu thaamasikkunnath. slavoniayile ettavum kuranja janasamkhyayulla kaundiyaanu pojega-slavonia kaundi. mothatthilulla janasandrata chathurashra kilometerinu 64.2 aalukalaanu. janasandrata chathurashra kilometeril 77.6 muthal 40.9 vare aalukalaanu, ettavum kooduthal saandrata broad-posavina kaundiyilum ettavum kuravu virovitica-podravina kaundiyilumaanu rekhappeduthiyittullathu. slavoniayile ettavum valia nagaramaan osijekk, thudarnnu slaavonski broad, vinkovi, vukovar ennivayaanu. slavoniayile mattu nagarangalil janasamkhya 20,000-ll thaazheyaan. 2001 leeii sensus prakaram, slavoniayile janasamkhyayude 85.6 sathamaanam krottukal aanu, ettavum pradhanappetta vamseeya nyoonapakshangal serbukalum hangariyakkaarumaanu, janasamkhyayude yathaakramam 8.8 sathamaanavum 1.4 sathamaanavum. serb nyoonapakshatthinte ettavum valia bhagam vukovar-syrmia kaundiyil (15 sathamaanam) rekhappeduthiyittundu, athesamayam ettavum valia hangarian nyoonapakshathe, aapekshikamaayum samboornnamaayum, osijek-barancha kaundiyil nireekshichu. sensus prakaram janasamkhyayude 4.4 sathamaanam serbian oorthadoox sabhayilum 0.7 sathamaanam musleengalilum svayam catholicaraayi prakhyaapikkunnavarude ennam aii. dii. 1 aayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. 3.oru sathamaanam perr svayam mathaparamallaathavarum anjeyavaadikalaanennu prakhyaapikkukayo avarude matham prakhyapikkaan visammathikkukayo cheythu. motham janasamkhyayude aii. dii. 1. onnaam sthaanathulla croatian bhaashayaan eee mekhalayil ettavum kooduthal upayogikkunna bhasha, thudarnnu serbian bhashayum (2.6%) hangarian bhashayum (1%).
aaram noottaandinum onpathaam noottaandinum idayil croatiayude varavil ninnu aarambikkunna slavoniayude janasamkhyaaparamaaya charithratthinte savisheshatha, mothatthil croatiayude kudiyettam pole, ganyamaanu. 1102ll croatiayudeyum hangariyudeyum vyakthigatha union sthaapithamaayathinethudarnnum 1527ll habsburg rajavaazhchayil chernnathinetthudarnnum croatiayile hangarian, jarmman samsaarikkunna janasamkhya kramena vardhikkaan thudangi. magyariseshan, jarmmanvalkkarana prakriyakal theevrathayil vyathyaasappettirunnuve irupathaam noottaandinte arambham vare nilaninnu. ottoman adhiniveshangal croatian janasamkhyayude chila bhaagangalude padinjaaran kudiyettatthinu thudakkamittu; burgenland krottukal aaa kudiyettakkaaril chilarude nerittulla pingaamikalaan. palayanam cheytha krottukalkku pakaramaayi bosniayileyum serbiayileyum yaadhaasthithika janangalodu croatian sainika athirthiyil sainika sevanam nalkaan habsburgs aavasyappettu. 1690-leeii valia serb kudiyettatthilum 1918-leeii austriya-hangariyude thakarchayethudarnnu, kudiyettavum vamseeya pakshapaathavum kaaranam hangarian janasamkhya kuranju. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbu bhooripaksham prathinidheekaricha drava nadiyude vadakkulla pradeshangalilum baranja kaundiyilum mattangal prathyekichum praadhaanyamarhikkunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal croatiayil ninnu pothuve ganyamaaya saambathika kudiyettam undaayirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, yugoslav bharanakoodam 50 sathamaanam swathukkalum kandukettukayum serb sannadhapravarthakarum yudhaveeranmaarum slavoniayil sthirathaamasamaakkaan prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu, avare puratthaakkukayum randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu 70,000 puthiya kudiyettakkaare bharanakoodam maattisthaapikkukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathum yudhathinu thottupinnaleyulla kaalaghattatthilum, jarmman samsaarikkunna janasamkhyayaaya danube swabianmar nirbandhitharaakukayo allengil pookaan nirbandhitharaakukayo cheythathinaal kooduthal ganyamaaya janasamkhyaaparamaaya mattangal undaayi-slavoniayilum innathe croatiayudeyum serbiayudeyum mattu bhagangalilum thamasikkunna 500,000-leeii yugoslaviayile yudhathinu munbulla jarmman janasamkhyayil ninnu avarude ennam 1953 sensus prakaram 62,000 aayi kuranju. kuranju 1940kalilum yugoslaviayil sthaanabhrashtaraaya jarmmankaar thaamasichirunna kudiyettakendrangalude kolanivalkkaranavum bosnia, hersegovina, serbia, montenegro ennee parvathapradeshangalil ninnulla aalukalum vyavasaya vikasanam prothsaahippicha valia nagarangalilekkulla kudiyettavum adayaalappeduthi. adayaalappeduthi 1960kalilum saambathika kudiyettakkaarude mattoru tharamgam canada, austreliya, nyoosiland, padinjaaran europe ennividangalilekku maari.
maari 1991lum nadatthiya sensus samayathaan slavonian kaundikalude vamseeya ghadanayil ettavum puthiya mattangal sambhavichathu. sambhavichathu sensus prakaram krottukal, serbukal enniva ulppedunna vaividhyamaarnna janasamkhya rekhappeduthiyittundu-motham janasamkhyayude yathaakramam 72 sathamaanavum 17 sathamaanavum. croatian swaathanthryasamaravum athinumumbulla yougoslaviayude vamseeya thakarchayum croatian janasamkhyayude palayanam, thudarnnu serbukalude palayanam ennivaykku kaaranamaayi. sathrutha avasaanichathinusesham abhayaarthikalude madakkam poorthiyaayittilla-bhooribhaagam crott abhayaarthikalum thirichethiyappol kurachu serbukal maathrame thirichethiyulloo. koodaathe, vamseeya krottukal bosnia, hersegovina ennividangalil ninnum serbiyayil ninnum slavoniayilekku maari.
sambadghadanayum gathagathavum.
motha, chillara vyapaaram, samskarana vyavasaayam ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu slavoniayude sambadvyavastha. eee mekhalayile kaarshika ulppaadanathe pinthunaykkukayum maamsam packing, pazhangalum pachakkarikalum samskarikkal, panchasaara shudheekaranam, midaayi, ksheera vyavasaayam enniva ulkkollukayum cheiyunna mekhalayile ettavum pradhanappetta samskarana vyavasaayangalilonnaan bhakshya samskaranam. koodaathe, croatiayude sambadvyavasthaykku pradhaanamaaya vainarikalum eee pradeshathundu. furnitureukal, cellulose, paper, cardboard ennivayude uthppaadanam, lohappani, thunithara vyavasaayam, glass uthppaadanam ennivayulppede maram samskaranamaanu slavoniaykku praadhaanyamulla mattu tharam samskarana vyavasaayam. gathagathavum sivil enchiniyaring slavoniayile rund pradhana saambathika pravarthanangalaanu. slavoniayude ettavum valia vyaavasaayika kendram osijekkaanu, thudarnnu mattu kaundi seettukal-slaavonski broad, virovitica, pojega, vukovar, athupole mattu niravadhi nagarangal, prathyekichu vinkovi.
slavoniayile anchu kaundikalude motha aabhyanthara uthppaadanam (jii. dii. pii) (2008-ll) motham 6,454 dasalaksham euro athawa aalohari 8,005 euro aayirunnu-croatiayude deseeya saraashariyekkaal kuravaanu. anchu kaundikalude jii. dii. pii croatiayude jii. dii. piyude <aii. dii. 1> prathinidheekarikkunnu. niravadhi paan-europian gathagatha edanaazhikal slaavoniyayiloode kadannupokunnu eiii5 motorway idanaazhi vii. sii., eiii3 motorway idanaazhi ex, padinjaaru ninnu kizhakode slavoniayil vyaapichukidakkunna eratta track railway, idanaazhi VII-danube nadee jalapatha. danubil thanne sthithi cheiyunna ettavum valia croatian nadeethadamaaya vukovar thuramukhathiloodeyum nadikalude samgamasthaanathu ninnu akale drava nadiyile osijek thuramukhathiloodeyumaanu jalapaathayilekku praveshikkunnathu.
slavoniayude sambadvyavasthayude mattoru pradhana mekhala krishiyaanu, ithu samskarana vyavasaayathin asamskritha vasthukkalude oru bhaagavum nalkunnu. croatiayile upayogicha kaarshika bhoomiyil ninnu, allengil 45 sathamaanathiladhikam, slavoniayil kaanapedunnu, bhoomiyude ettavum valia bhagam osijek-barancha, vukovar-syrmia kaundikalilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. ettavum valia pradeshangal yathaakramam daanyangaludeyum ennakkurukkaludeyum uthppaadanathinaayi upayogikkunnu. daanyangal (<aii. dii. 1>), payarvarggangal (<aii. dii. 5>), ennakkurukkal (<aii. dii. 4>), shugar beatoot (90 sathamaanam), pukayila (<aii. dii. 2>), farmaceutical allengil perfume vyavasaayathil upayogikkunna sasyangal (<aii. dii. 6>), pookkal, thaikal, vithukal (<aii. dii. 3>), thunithara vyavasaayathil upayogikkunna sasyangal (69 sathamaanam) ennivayude ulppaadanathilaanu croatiayude kaarshika ulppaadana bhoomiyil slavoniayude vihitam ettavum kooduthal. kannukaalikalude aii. dii. 1, pannikalude aii. dii. 2, croatiayile kozhi stokkinte 20 sathamaanam ennivayum slavonia sambhavana cheiyunnu. croatiayile motham munthirithottangalude pradeshatthinte 18.6% prathinidheekarikkunna munthirithottangal slavoniayil undu. pazhangaludeyum paripp pazhangaludeyum uthppaadanam ganyamaaya kaarshika mekhalaye ulkkollunnu. croatiayile apple thottangale prathinidheekarikkunna apple thottangal, croatiayile plum thottangal ulkkollunna allengil croatiayile plum thottangal ulkkollunna thottangalil plum uthppaadippikkunnu, koodaathe croatiayile husselnut thottangalkk 72.4% kaaranamakunna husselnut thottangal. cherry, piyar, peechu, walnut ennivayaanu mattu pradhana sthira vilakal.
2010ll slavonia aasthaanamaayulla rund kambanikal maathramaan mikacha 100 croatian kambanikalil idam nediyathu-belje, agrocorinte udamasthathayilulla kaarshika vyavasaayam, belish, paper mill, paper packaging metteeriyal factory, yathaakramam darda, belish aasthaanamaayi, randum osijek-barancha kaundiyil. varumaanathinte kaaryatthil belje 44-aamm sthaanathum belsey 99-aamm valia croatian kambaniyaayum sthaanam pidichittundu. sivil enchiniyaring kambaniyaaya osijek-coatex (rank 103), saponia dittarjant, pezhsanal cair uthppanna factory (rank 138), biljemerkant retail bisinesses (rank 145), nex groupa nirmmaana uthppanna nirmmaana kambaniyude bhagamaaya naasisement simant plaant (rank 165) ennivayaanu kaundiyile mattu pradhana bisinasukal. 101-aamm sthaanathulla panchasaara shudheekarana kambaniyaaya virovitica aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkunna virovitica-podravina kaundiyile ettavum valia kambaniyaanu vairo. duro dacovic montasa dii.dii.slaavonski brodinte loha samskarana vyavasaayathinte bhagamaaya duro dacovic croatian kambanikalil 171-aamm sthaanathaanu, ithu broad-posavina kaundiyile ettavum valia bisinessaanu. mattoru kaarshika vyavasaya kambaniyaaya kuttjevo dii.dii.kutjevo aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkunna eee kambani, posega-slavonia kaundiyile ettavum valia kambaniyaanu, bisinus varumaanathil croatiayil 194-aamm sthaanathaanu. avasaanamaayi, vukovar-syrmia kaundiyile varumaanathinte adisthaanathil ettavum valia kambani mattoru agrokar udamasthathayilulla kaarshika ulppaadana kambaniyaanu-vukovar aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkunna vupik, croatia aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkunna kambanikalil 161-aamm sthaanathaanu.
samskaaram.
slavoniayude saamskaarika paithrikam athinte charithrathiludaneelam, prathyekichu pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal, parambaraagatha samskaarathinte saamoohika swaadheenangalude samyojanathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. automan yudhangal avasaanikkukayum eee pradeshathu sthiratha punasthaapikkukayum cheythathinu sesham slavonia nagarangal vikasikkaan thudangiyappol pathinettaam noottaandile barok kalayum vaasthuvidya oru prathyeka swaadheenam chelutthi. yudhasamayathe sevanathinu pakaramaayi saamraajyathva kodathi slavoniayile estettukal nalkia prabhukkanmaarude valia praadhaanyam eee kaalayalavil kandu. avayil savoyiyude rajakumaran yujeen, esterhaasiyude veedu, odescalchiyude veedu, philipp kaal voonn elts-kempenich, praandau-normaante veedu, pejaasevikkinte veedu, jaangovichinte veedu enniva ulppedunnu. athu eee pradeshathekku samakaalika europian samskaarathinte ozhukkine prothsaahippichu. nagarangaludeyum samoohathinteyum thudarnnulla vikasanam neoclassism, charithravaadam, prathyekichu art noview ennivayude swaadheenam kandu.
eee pradeshatthinte paithrukathil niravadhi landmarkkukal ulppedunnu, prathyekichu 18,19 noottaandukalil prabhukkanmaar nirmmicha mainer houseukal. yathaakramam valpovoyileyum donchi miholjackileyum praandau-norman, praandau-mailat maanar houseukal, biljeyile baranchayile maanar houseukal, dardayile muun esterhaasi estettile, tikwesile, neesevoyile maanar houseukal enniva ithil ulppedunnu. pejaseevikkukal niravadhi thaamasasthalangal nirmmichu, avayil ettavum praathinidhyam vahikkunnath viroviticayile maanar house, naasisile pejaseevik maanar house ennivayaanu. kooduthal kizhakk, danubil, elokkil odescalchi maanar hausum vukovaril elts maanar hausum undu-randaamathethu 1991 leeii vukovar yudhathil vipulamaaya naashanashtangal varuthiyenkilum 2011 aayappozhekkum ithu punarnirmikkappettu. eee pradeshatthinte thekkukizhakk bhaagath, ettavum pramukhamaayathu yathaakramam kutjevoyilum sernicle sthithicheyyunna kutjevo jesuit maanar house, sernic maanar house ennivayaanu. osijekkilum slaavonski broadilum tivarda, broad kottakalude nirmmanavum eee kaalaghattatthil nadannu. pazhaya, madhyakala kottakal avashishtangalayi maathrame samrakshikkappedunnu-avayil ettavum valuth oraahovikkaykaduthulla rusika kottayaan. pathonpathaam noottaandile mattoru naazhikakkallaan dacovo cathedral-venesinum istanbulinum idayil sthithi cheiyunna ettavum manoharamaaya palliyayi joonn xsiii marpappa prashamsichu.
kalakaaranmaarude kruthikaliloodeyum kalayude rakshaadhikaarikaliloodeyum mothatthil croatiayude samskaarathin slavonia ganyamaaya sambhavana nalki-avaril ettavum sradheyamaayathu josip juraj strossmayer aanu. shaasthrangaludeyum kalakaludeyum yugoslav akkadami sthaapikkunnathil strossmayer nirnaayaka punk vahichu, pinneedu croatian akkadami oof sciences aandu arts ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu, koodaathe sagreb sarvakalaashaalayude punasthaapanavum. niravadhi slavonian kalakaaranmaar, prathyekichu ezhuthukaar, croatian samskaarathin ganyamaaya sambhavanakal nalki. pathonpathaam noottaandile croatian saahithyathil ettavum praadhaanyamulla ezhuthukaaril josip yugan tomic, josip kosarak, aadyathe croatian novalinte rachayithavaaya miroslav kraljevik ennivar ulppedunnu. irupathaam noottaandile slavoniayile pramukha kavikalum ezhuthukaarum dobrisa sesaric, dragutin tadijanovic, ivana brlick-masuranic, aantun gustav maattos ennivaraayirunnu. croatian kalaykku valareyadhikam sambhavana nalkia slavoniayumaayi bandhapetta chithrakaaranmaar miroslav kraljevik, belaa sikos sesija ennivaraayirunnu.
parambaraagatha samgeethathile vamseeya gadakangalude kaaryatthil croatiayude oru prathyeka pradesamaanu slavonia. naadodi uthsavangaliloode parambaraagatha samskaaram samrakshikkappedunna oru pradeshamaanith. parambaraagatha sangeetha upakaranangal thamboorikka, bagpipe kudumbatthil pedunnu. slavoniayude parambaraagatha samskaaravumaayi bandhapetta ettavum praathinidyamulla samgeethopakaranamaanu thamboorikka. slavoniayude bharanakaalathu automanmaar konduvanna sangeetha upakaranagalil ninnu ithu vikasichu, parambaraagatha samgeethathinte avibhaajya gadakamaayi maari, athinte upayogam baagpaippukaludeyum gassalinteyum upayogathe marikadakkukayo pakaram vaykkukayo cheythu. slavoniayil ninnu uthbhavicha parambaraagatha gaanatthinte oru vyathyastha roopamaaya beccarac unesco oru adrishyamaaya saamskaarika paithrukamaayi amgeekarikkappettirikkunnu.
122 croatiayile sarvakalaashaalakalilum mattu unnatha vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanangalilum, slavoniayil oru sarvakalashaalayum-osijekkile josip juraj strossmayer sarvakalashaalayum-athupole thanne posega, slaavonski broad, vukovar ennividangalile moonnu polytechnicukalum athupole thanne viroviticayile oru college-ellaam sarkkar sajjeekarikkukayum nadathukayum cheiyunnu. osijek sarvakalashaala, 1975 ll sthaapithamaayi, ennaal nagaratthile unnatha vidyaabhyaasathinte aadya sthaapanam 1707 ll sthaapithamaaya "studiyam philosophicum esekkini" aayirunnu, 1780 vare sajeevamaayirunnu. 1761 num 1776 num idayil posegayil pravartthikkunna "academia posagana" enna mattoru charitra vidyaabhyaasa sthaapanamaayirunnu, 1699 ll slavoniayile aadyathe secondary vidyaabhyaasa skoolaayi thurannathumuthal nagaratthil thudarchayaayi pravartthikkunna oru jimneshyathinte vipuleekaranamaayi.
bhakshanavum wine.
slavoniayile paachakareeti eee pradeshathe saamskaarika swaadheenangale athinte paachaka swaadheenangalude vaividhyathiloode prathifalippikkunnu. avayil ettavum pradhaanappettath hangarian, viennees, madhya europian, athupole thanne niravadhi vijayangalum saamoohika swaadheenangalum konduvanna turkish, arab paachakareethikal ennivayaayirunnu. achaar pachakkarikal, paal uthppannangal, pukavalicha maamsam ennivayaanu parambaraagatha vibhavangalude cheruvakal. thaddesheeya uthppannangalayi europian union samrakshikkunna churukkam chila croatian uthppannangalilonnaya kulen aanu ettavum prashasthamaaya parambaraagatha samrakshitha irachi uthppannam.
croatiayude wine nirmmaana upamekhalakalilonnaaya slavonia athinte bhookhanda wine valarunna pradeshatthinte bhagamaanu. slavoniayile ettavum ariyappedunna veenju valarunna pradeshangal dacovo, elock, kutjevo ennivaye kendreekarichullathaanu, avide grasevina munthirippazham pradhaanamaan, ennaal mattu kalttivarukal kooduthalaayi kaanapedunnu. kazhinja dashakangalil, slavoniayile veenjinte ulppaadanathinte vardhichuvarunna alavu gunanilavaaram vardhippikkunnathinum swadeshathum videshathum vardhichuvarunna amgeekaarathinoppamaayirunnu. eiii. dii moonnaam noottaandil thanne elock pradeshathaanu munthiri mulakal aadyamaayi valarnnathu. ippozhum wine nirmmaanathinaayi thudarchayaayi upayogikkunna ettavum pazhaya slavonian wine sellar sthithi cheiyunnathu kutjevoyilaanu-1232 ll sistezhsiyanmaar nirmmichu.
italiyile peedmond mekhalayil parambaraagathamaayi nebbiolo vainukal nirmmikkaan upayogikkunna valia baaralukalaya "boaty" nirmmikkaan slavonian ookku upayogikkunnu.

