
spiros markisini

oru greak raashtreeyakkaaranum deerghakaala hellenic paarlamentangavum 1973-ll greak sainika bharanathinte mettaapolittefsiyude (janaadhipathyavalkkaranam) sramam nirthalaakkiya samayat hrasvamaayi greasinte pradhaanamanthriyumaayirunnu spiridon "spiros" marcassinis (allengil marcassinis; 22 epril 1909-4 januvari 2000).
aadyakaala rashtreeya jeevitam.
oru kaalath "marchezini" (athaayath marchesini) enna padavi nalkappetta saanthoriniyile oru pazhaya sambanna kudumbatthinte pingamiyaaya ethansilaanu spiros markesini janichathu.iii., "littil markwesses") veneeshyan bharanakaalathu. ethans sarvakalashaalayil ninnu niyamathilum polittikkal sciencilum birudam nediya addeham swakaarya niyama praakteesil praveshichu. 1936ll jorjju randaaman raajaavinte upadeshtaavaayi addeham niyamikkapettu, 1946 vare addeham sevanamanushtichu. randaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathum naasi germmaniyude grease adhinivesavum raajaavine raajyam vidaan nirbandhithanaakki, athesamayam marcassinis prathirodha milishyakalude bhaagamaayi poraadaan thudarnnu.
1946leeii thiranjeduppil cycladeukalil ninnu yunaittad naashanalist partyile amgamaayi paarlamentil (dhii) markasini thiranjedukkappettu. taamasiyaathe addeham party vittu thaan sevikkunna niravadhi paarttikalil randaamathethu enna puthiya party sthaapichu. 1950leeii paarlamentari thiranjeduppil 2.5 sathamaanam vottu nediya puthiya party puthiya paarlamentil (andreas staattos kaivasham vachirunna) oru seettinu mathiyakum.
saambathika parishkkaranam.
1949ll markisiniye vakuppukalillaathe manthriyaayi niyamichu, ennaal vividha saambathika manthraalayangalude pravartthanangal ekopippichu sarkkaarinte saambathika nayatthinte niyanthranam phalapradamaayi ealppichu. 1952ll deerghakaala sakhyakakshiyaya marshell alexandros papagos pradhaanamanthriyaayi thiranjedukkappettathode dhanakaaryamantri enna nilayil markasiniyude phalapradamaaya sthaanam kooduthal sakthippettu.
1953 eprilil marcassinis yuu. ezz dollarinode thaarathamyappeduthumbol greak drackmayude 50 sathamaanam moolyathakarcha aasoothranam cheyyukayum irakkumathi niyanthranangal oresamayam niyanthrikkukayum cheythu. kayattumathiyum upabhokthru aavasyavum vardhippichathinum panapperuppavum vyapara kammi santhulithaavasthayum kurachathinum markasiniyude phalapradamaaya dhananayangalkk bahumati nalkappedunnu. marshell papagos viramichaal party neethrthwathilum pradhaanamanthriyaakunnathil oru pingamiyaayi markasiniye akkaalat kanakkaakkiyirunnu.
pinneedu paarlamentari sthaanangal.
1955ll papagos marichu. addehathinte pingamiyaayi maarkasinikalo (marshalumaayulla bandham pirimurukkatthilaayithnoor) mattu avakaashikalo (panajiotis kaanellopoulos allengil stephanos stephaanopoulos polullava) allathe oru puthiya sarkkar roopeekarikkaan pooll rajaavu niyamicha juuniyar mantriyaaya konstaantinos karamanlis aayirunnu. marshell papagosinte partyile mikkavarum ellah empimaarudeyum pinthuna shekharikkaan karamanilisinu kazhinju, oduvil yaadhaasthithika deseeya theevravaadi union (iii. aarr. iii) roopeekarichu. athe varsham thanne marcassinis purogamana party sthaapichenkilum 1956leeii thiranjeduppil seettukal nedaanaayilla. markasiniyude party oduvil 1958 leeii thiranjeduppil paarlamentil oru seett nedi. 1961ll sentar unionumaayulla sakhyathilum 1964ll naashanal radical unionumaayulla sakhyathilum addeham veendum thiranjedukkappettu. varshangalude rashtreeya prakshubdhatha thudarnnu, 1967 epril 21 nuu georgios papadopoulose aasoothranam cheytha oru sainika attimariyil kalaashichu, ithu 7 varshathe sainika bharanathinu kaaranamaayi.
svechaadhipathyathinte keezhil pradhaanamantri sthaanam.
1973ll pradhaanamaayum rajakeeya hellenic naavikasena sainika bharanakoodatthe attimarikkanulla oru parajayappetta sramam nadatthi. ithinakam thanne svayam naadukadatthappetta rajaavaaya konstaantain randaamane sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayum oru vivaada hitaparisodhanaykku svayam republicinte presidentaayi niyamikkukayum cheythukondu janta sakthanaaya papadopoulose thirichadichu.
sambadvyavasthayumaayi vardhichuvarunna budhimuttukal, janakeeya viyojip, vardhichuvarunna nayatantra ottappedal enniva kanakkileduthu, greak bharanakoodangal eathenkilum tharatthilulla paarlamentari bharanathilekkulla parivarthanatthinulla vazhikal thedukayaayirunnu. papadopoulose pazhaya rashtreeya sthaapanathil ninnu pinthuna thedukayum metapolitephsi ennu vilikkunna oru prakriyayil raajyathe paarlamentari bharanathilekku thirike nayikkaan sahayikkunna dauthyam ettedukkaan maarkkasinikal sammathikkukayum cheythu.
1973 septambaril papadopoulose addehathe greasinte pradhaanamanthriyaayi niyamichu, greasine paarlamentari bharanathilekku nayikkuka enna chumatala addehathinundaayirunnu. eathenkilum tharatthilulla sainika edapedal thadayunnathinulla paappadopoulosinte prathibaddhathaykku vidheyamaayi addeham eee chumatala sweekarichu. papadopoulose sainika niyamam nirthalaakkaanum maadhyamangalude sensorship laghookarikkaanum thudarnnu. swathanthramaaya thiranjeduppu vaagdaanam cheyyappettu, athil parambaraagatha idathumunnaniyude bhagam ulppedeyulla rashtreeya roopeekaranangal pankedukkumennu pratheekshichirunnu.
ennirunnaalum, aabhyantharayudham muthal nirodhichirunna communist party oof grease (keke), janaadhipathya bharanakaalathu kekek vendi kooduthalum munnittirangiya partyaya yunaittad demookratik lephtt (edaa) enniva veendum niyamavidheyamaakkappedukayo pankedukkaan anuvadikkukayo cheiyumennu pratheekshichirunnilla. enthaayaalum, pazhaya kaavalkkaarile mikka pramukha raashtreeyakkaarum bharanasakhyavumayulla oru bandhatthilum pankedukkaan visammathichu, janaadhipathya bharanam nirupaadhikavum udanadi punasthaapikkanamennu nirbandhikkukayum cheythu.
1973 novemberil ethans polytechnic prakshobham pottipurappettu. polytechnicinu munnile vidyaarthi prathishedhangal svechaadhipathyathinethira vyakthamaaya raashtreeyavum valare shabdamullathum samaadhaanaparamaanenkilum vyapakavumaaya kalaapamaayi parinamichu. polytechnicinu munnil ekadesham moonnu pakalum rathriyum thudarchayaayi nadanna kootta yogangalkk sesham, november 17 nuu ratri taankukalum sainika yoonittukalum upayogichu kettidatthilekku athikramichu kayariya prathishedhangal balaprayogathiloode adichamarthi. november 25nuu taxiarcos demetrios ionides paappadopoulasine attimaricha oru ethir attimari nadatthaan eee sambhavangal oru ozhikazhivaayi upayogichu. ionidis maarkkasinikale arast cheyyukayum thiranjeduppu raddaakkukayum sainika niyamam poornnamaayum punasthaapikkukayum cheythu. 1974 joolaiyil macarios III nethiraaya ionidisile greak "syoonda" yude attimarikk sesham addehathinte bharanam thakarnnu, ithu cypress turkish adhiniveshathilekku nayichu.
janaadhipathyathinte punasthaapanam.
1974 joolaiyil nadanna charchakalil markisinis pankedutthathu karamanalisinte deseeya aikya sarkkaarin keezhil janaadhipathya sarkkar thirichuvaravinaayi. 1981ll europian paarlamentilekku oru prathinidhiye thiranjedutthathaayirunnu markasiniyude purogamana party pradhana vijayam. markisinis thante avasana varshangal thante oormmakkurippukal ezhuthunnathinum samakaalika greasinte rashtreeya charithrathekkurichum chelavazhichu.