alexander ezz. weiner

forencic medisin, serology, immunogenetics ennee mekhalakalil vaidagdhyamulla oru american biologistum vaidyanumaayirunnu alexander solomon weiner (march 16,1907-november 6,1976). addehathinte aadyakaala pravartthanangal 1937ll doow. kaal landsteiner, thudarnnu navajaathashishuvinte haemolitic rogamulla ennamatta shishukkalude jeevan rakshicha exchange transfusion reethikal vikasippikkunnathilekku. 1946ll addehathinte nettatthinu addehathinu oru lasker award labhichu.
jeevitam.
1903ll russiayil ninnu kudiyeriya abhibhashakanaaya jorjju veenarinteyum mollie (sukerman) veenarinteyum makanayi newyorkkile brooklinil alexander solomon weiner janichu. addeham brooklin public skoolukalil chernnu, 15-aamm vayassil brooklin boys haiskoolil ninnu birudam nedi. cornell sarvakalashaalayil cherunnathinayi scholarship labhichu, avide addeham ganithashaasthra patanam thudarnnu, koodaathe american ganithashaasthra maasikayil ganithashaasthra prashnangalkk sambhavana nalki. ennirunnaalum addeham jeevashaasthrathil birudam nedi, eiii.bii. 1926-ll addeham long ailand koleju oof medisinil praveshichu, avide addehathinu emm.dii. 1930ll.
norbert veenarumaayulla addehathinte bandhathekkurichu vyakthathayilla.
medical schoolil padikkunna kaalath weiner brooklin jootha ashupathriyil rakthagrooppukalekkurich gaveshana pravartthanangal nadathukayum 1930 muthal 1932 vare avide thadavilaakkukayum janithakashaasthrathinteyum biometrixinteyum (1933-1935) vibhaagathinte thalavanayum 1952 vare rakthappakarcha vibhaagathinte thalavanayum aaa sthaapanavumaayi aajeevanantha bandham nilanirthukayum cheythu. 1932 muthal addehathinu oru medical practies undaayirunnu, 1935 ll klinikkal pathology, blud grouping ennivaykkaayi "winer laborattarikal" sthaapichu. 1938ll newyork yooniversitti school oof medisinil forencic medisin vibhaagathil amgamaaya addeham 1968 aayappozhekkum professor rankilekku uyarnnu. 1930 muthal addeham newyork nagaratthile cheef medical examinerude offeesumaayi sahakarichu.
weiner oru nalla piyaanistaayirunnu, koodaathe tennees goalf aasvadichirunnu. eee mekhalakalile vaayanayiloode addeham ganithathilum bhauthikashaasthrathilum aajeevanantha thaalparyam nilanirtthi. forencic medisinil addeham nalkia sambhaavanakalkk amgeekaaramaayi addehathinu amerikkayile misttari raittezhsinte oonarari amgathvam labhichu.
1932-ll weiner gertrude roadmane vivaham kazhikkukayum avarkk jaine, barbara ennee rund penmakkal janikkukayum cheythu. 1976 november november newyorkkil vachu raktarbudam baadhichu weiner marichu.
hematolajiyil pradhana sambhavanakal.
raktham "viraladayaalam".
jeevithakalam muzhuvan brooklin jootha ashupathriyil thudarnnathinu thottupinnaale 23-aamm vayassil weiner landsteinerinoppam pravartthikkaan thudangi. avarude prarambha pravarthanangalil bhooribhaagavum emm gadakathe chuttippattiyaan, athu yadhaarthathil anchu vyathyasthavum vyathyasthavumaya raktha gadakangalaanennu avar kandethi.
niyamaparavum kriminalparavumaaya kaaryangalil upayogikkaan kazhiyunna oru savisheshamaaya rakthapraroopamaaya "viraladayaalam" srishtikkaanulla avarude anweshanathil ithu avare prothsaahippichu. dnaude kaalaghattatthil ippol saadhaaranamaayitheernna rakthaparishodhanayude mikka tharangalkkum weiner thudakkamittu. brooklin laabile joliyodoppam, winer manhattan labil ganyamaaya joliyum cheythu, avide addeham forencicsil shradha kendreekarichu, ulppettavarude raktham (allengil anubandha draavakangal) vishakalanam cheythukondu niravadhi anweshanangalil poleesine sahayichu.
yadhaartha jeevithathile kuttakrithya kathakalulla niravadhi lekhanangalum pusthakangalude adhyayangalum doow. criminal shaasthrathil veenarude pravartthanam. addehathodoppam abhibhashakanaaya pithaav jorjju winer undaayirunnu. raktha thirichariyalile sameepakaala shaasthreeya munnettangale abhisambodhana cheiyunna oru puthiya koottam niyamangal thayyarakkan winer sahayichu. ellah samsthaanangalilum rakthaparisodhana niyamangal sponsor cheytha american medical association leagal kammittiyil amgamaayirunna addeham athinte 1935 leeii reportinte saha-rachayithaavaayirunnu. raktha gadakangalude janithakashaasthrathile addehathinte pravartthanavum pala pithrthva kesukalilum sahayikkaan addehathe anuvadichu.
oduvil addehathinte kruthikalude peril amerikkayile nigooda ezhuthukaarude oonarari amgamaayi addehathe niyamichu.
rh ghadakam.
1937ll winer landsteiner arh ghadakam kandethiyappol (pareekshana vishayangalayi upayogikkunna reases kurangukalude peru), avarkk athinte praadhaanyam pettennu manassilayilla. viraladayaalathinu" upayogapradamaaya, ennaal kooduthal vipulamaaya prathyaaghaathangalillaathu, emm, enn, pii gadakangalil ninnu valare vyathyasthamallatha mattoru gadakamaayi ithine kandu. ennirunnaalum, avar kandethiya puthiya rakthaghadakam rakthappakarchayile prasnangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave weiner taamasiyaathe manassilakki. aadyamaayi arh positteev raktham arh negatteevu rakthamulla oraalilekk kaimaattam cheyyappedunnundenkum, athu oru doshavum varuthilla, ithu aantibodikalude srishtiye kaaranamaakunnu, ithu randaamathe atharam kaimaattatthe valare apakadakaramaakkunnu. 1940ll adhehavum landsteiner prasidheekarichappozhekkum, intragroup haemolitic prathikaranangalude kaaranamaayi arh censitisationte punk prakadippikkaan veenarinu kazhinju, angane rakthappakarchayude suraksha vardhippichu.
koodaathe, erythroblastosis fetaalis allengil arh rogathinte pradhana kaaranamaayi arh gadakathe thirichariyaan sahaayicha philipp levinte prathyeka pravartthanavumaayi samyojippichu, shishumaranathinte oru pradhana kaaranam pariharikkan addehathinu kazhinju. 1946ll doow. prashnathe cherukkunnathinulla aadyathe medical nadapadikramam weiner srishtichu, athine addeham exchange transfusion ennu vilichu. rogabadhithanaaya kunjinulla samboornna rakthappakarcha ithil ulppedunnu. traansfushanistaaya haari vaalarsteen eee reethi kooduthal parishkarichu.
athinusesham, erythroblastosis fetaalis kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinu valare kuranja theevramaaya reethikal kandethiyittundu. ennirunnaalum, aaa samayat, eee nadapadikramatthinu 200,000-thiladhikam jeevan rakshikkaan kazhinju.
naamakaranavum janithakashasthravum.
arh gadakathinte janithakashasthram parishodhikkunnath veenarude pilkkala pravarthanangalil ulppedunnu. eee prakriyayil addeham vivaadathil akappettu, oru badal sidhaanthamenna nilayil, sidi-naamakaranamenn vilikkappedunna eee sidhaantham nirddeshichathu roobert russell rays ronald fisher aanu, athinaal ithine rays-fisher sidhaantham ennum vilikkunnu, ithu manassilakkaan kurachu eluppamaayirunnu. arh gadakathinte janithakashaasthrathekkuristhurulla veenarude sidhaanthangal aduthide jeenukalude yadhaartha dna gadanayodu kooduthal aduthathaayi theliyikkappettilettum (nilavile shaasthreeya dhaarana rund sidhaanthangaludeyum vashangal samyojippikkunnunde), cde notteshanukal sweekaricha palarum ippozhum undu.
rh anantharaavakaasham inipparayunna reethiyil niyanthrikkappedunnu ennathaanu veenarude sidhaantham
oru arh jeane undaakunna oru arh locus undu, ennaal eee jeeninu onniladhikam alleelukalundu. 
udaaharanathinu, oru jeane r1 oru aglutinojan (aantijan) rh1 uthpaadippikkunnu, ithu moonnu "gadakangal" ulkkollunnu rh ', rh (o), hr'. eee moonnu gadakangalum sii. dii. iii. namakaranam cheiyunnathil yathaakramam sii, dii, iii ennivaykku samaanamaan. veenarude sidhaanthathil dii jeane nilavililla, vaasthavathil, nilavilillenn theliyikkappettittund.
vaasthavathil, winer sidhaantham anusarichu, rund bandhapetta jeenukal undennu aduthide theliyikkappettittund, avayilonninu onniladhikam prathyekathakalundu. athinaal oru jeane maathrame ulppedunnulloo ennu addeham sidhaantham parayunnath thettaanengilum, oru jeeninu onniladhikam alleelukal undakamenna thathwam, akkaalathe oru viplavakaramaaya ashayam, sariyaanennu theliyikkapettu.

