
us california (bibi-44)

1916 octoberil american aikyanaadukalude naavikasenaykkaayi nirmmicha rund yudhakkappalukalil randaamathethaanu us "california" (bibi-44). 1910kalilum 1920kalilum nirmmicha panthrand yudhakkappalukalude staanderd seereesinte bhaagamaayirunnu "tennessi" klaas, munpathe sambhavavikaasangalaayirunnu. moonnu thokkukalulla naalu gopurangalilaayi panthrand thokkukalude baattariyaan avarkk undaayirunnathu. "california" avalude samadhaanakaala kariyarinte kaalayalavil pasaphik samudrathile yudhakkappalukalude munnirayaayi pravarthichu. 1920 kalilum 1930 kalilum vaarshika kappal prasnangal ulppedeyulla pathiv kappal pariseelana abhyasangalil pankedukkukayum 1925 ll oostreliyayilekkum nyoosilandilekkum oru sadbhavana sandarshanam polulla amerikkayilum videshathum sanjarikkukayum cheythu.
"1941 desember 7 nuu japanese thuramukham akramikkukayum americaye randaam lokamahaayudhathilekku konduvarikayum cheythappol "california" muthu thuramukhathu nirmikkappettu. oru jodi torpidokalum bomb kappalin idatharam kedupaadukal varuthiyenkilum theepidithatthil kappalinte vaidyutha samvidaanam pravartthanarahithamaayi, kappal ozhukaan pambukal upayogikkunnathu thadanju. "california" adutha moonnu divasathinullil pathukke vellam niraykkukayum oduvil mungukayum cheythu. aakramanathil avarude samghathinu kanatha naashanashtangal sambhavikkukayum aakramanasamayathe pravarthanangalkku naalu perkku medel oof oonar nalkukayum cheythu. 1942 eprilil valarnna avar attakuttappanikal nadathukayum punarnirmmikkukayum 1944 januvariyil sevanathilekku madangukayum cheythu.
athinusesham mariana, palaavu dveepukalude prachaaranavum (avalkk koottiyidi moolam kedupaadukal sambhavichu, angane pelelu yuddham nashtappettu) phillippines prachaaranavum ulppede pasaphik yudhathil nadatthiya ubhayachara pravartthanangale kappal pinthunachu. 1945 januvariyil lingayen gulf adhiniveshathil oru camicas avale aakramichuvenkilum attakuttappanikalkk vidheyayaya sesham, okinaava yudhathil okinaavayil pooraadunna sainikare pinthunaykkunna kappalppadayil avar veendum chernnu. yuddham avasaanichathinusesham avarude samgham jappan adhiniveshathil pankedukkukayum indian, atlaantik samudrangal vazhi amerikkayilekku madangiyethiya sesham 1946 ll filadelfiyayil niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. 1959 vare avar kappalppadayude inventariyil thudarnnu, thudarnnu avar thakarkkapettu.
design.
rund "tennessi" klaas yudhakkappalukalkku 1915 march 3 nuu amgeekaaram nalki, avaa mikkavarum munkaala dashakangalude aavarthanangalaayirunnu, praadhamika vyathyaasangal valuthakkiya paalangal, pradhana baattari gopurangalkku kooduthal uyaram, dvitheeya baattari mukalile dekkilekku maattuka ennivayaanu.
"california" mothatthil valare neendathaayirunnu, athil oru beam undaayirunnu, oru draaft undaayirunnu. roopakalppana cheythathupole poornnamaaya poraattabhaaram vare aval sthaanabhrashtayaayi. naalu shaaft general electric turbo electric transmission ettu ennayil pravartthikkunna babcock & wilcox boyilarukalum kappalin karuth pakarukayum ithu ettavum uyarnna vegatha srishtikkukayum cheythu. kappalin oru cruising rench undaayirunnu. avarude samghathil 57 offeesarmaarum 1,026 perum undaayirunnu. nirmmichathupole, pradhana thokku baattariykkaayi spotting toppukalulla rund laattis maastukal avalil gadippichirunnu.
naalu, centerlinil moonnu thokku gopurangalulla panthrand/50 caliber thokkukalude pradhana baattari, superstructurinte munnilum pinnilum rund superfiring jodikalaayi sthaapicha kappal aayudhadhaarikalaayirunnu. triple tarattukalulla munkaala american yudhakkappalukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, eee moundukal oro baralinum swathanthramaayi uyaran anuvadichu. secondary baattariyil pathinaalu/51 caliber thokkukal superstructure amidshippukalil klasttar cheytha vyakthigatha kesmettukalil gadippichirunnu. thudakkathil, kappalil irupathirandu thokkukal gadippikkendathaayirunnu, ennaal onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu vadakkan kadalile anubavangal theliyichathu, puramthodil sthaapikkappedumaayirunna adhika thokkukal shaanthamaaya kadalukalallathe mattenthilum upayogashoonyamaakumaayirunnu ennaanu. thalphalamaayi, vellapokkam thadayunnathinaayi kesmettukal pooshiyirunnu. 50 caliber thokkukal upayogichu secondary baattari vardhippichu. avarude thokku aayudhangalkk purame, kaaliforniyayil rund torpido tubeukalum gadippichirunnu, avaa oro veethiyilum oronnumaayi purambhaagathu mungi.
pradhana kavachitha beltt kattiyullathum pradhana kavachitha deck kattiyullathumaayirunnu. pradhana baattari gann gopurangalkku baarbettukalil kattiyulla mukhangalundaayirunnu. coning gopuratthinu kattiyulla vashangalundaayirunnu.
sevana charithram.
yudhathinu munbulla sevanam.
"1916 october 25nuu kaaliforniyayile vallejoyile maar ailand neval ship yardle kaaliforniyayude keel sthaapichu. onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu cheria karakaushalavasthukkal sajjamakkunnathil kappalsala shradha kendreekarikkumbol kurachu samayathekku punny nirtthivachu. 1919 november 20nuu avar kammeeshan cheyyappedukayum 1921 august 10nuu kammeeshan cheyyappedukayum cheythu. sevanathil praveshicha sesham avar yudhakkappalukalil chernnu, athinte munnirayaayi sevanamanushtichu. avarude samadhaanakaala kariyarinte kaalayalavil, samyuktha sainika-naavika vinyaasangalum vaarshika kappal prasnangal ulppedeyulla pathiv pariseelanangalil "california" muzhukiyirunnu. 1924 november 11 nuu ratri lefttanant dixi keyfer kappalil ninnu parannuyarnnu, ithu charithratthile aadyathe ratri vimana vikshepanamaanu. 1925-nte thudakkathil yudhakkappalukalkku march 31-nuu curtis ts-1 floatplayinukalude oru schwadron labhichappol vimaanangalumayulla kooduthal pareekshanangal thudarnnu. 1925 madhyathil, oostreliyayilekkum nyoosilandilekkum oru good will cruisil yudhakkappal pasaphik samudram kadannu; vazhiyil, kappalukal american samovayile pago pagoil nirtthi. "aaa varsham avasaanam washingtonile bremertonile pugettu soundu nevi yardle "california" oru punarnirmmaanatthinu vidheyamaayi.
1926-ll, "california" avarude pradhana baattari gopurangalilonnil oru vimana kaattapultt sthaapikkukayum avar moonnu vottu yuo-1 floatplayinukal vare vahikkukayum cheythu. 1927 juun 4 nuu virjeeniyayile hampton roadukalil thadanjuvecha president calvin koolidjinaayi nadatthiya naavika avalokanathil avar pankedutthu. 1929 avasaanathilum 1930 nte thudakkathilum pazhaya 3 inch thokkukalkku pakaram ettu/25 kalori thokkukalude puthiya baattari kappalin labhichu. 1930 march 10 muthal 15 vare caribean kadalil nadatthiya fleet prablam x-ll avar pankedutthu. epril 14 muthal 18 vare caribean mekhalayil veendum fleet prablam xi vannu. abhyaasangalude samaapanathin sesham, "california" vadakku newyork nagaratthilekku neengi, thudarnnu meyy 20 nuu virgenia keppukalil ninnu president herbert hoovarinaayi oru naavika avalokanathil chernnu. kappal pinneedu pasafikkilekku madangukayum juulai 7 muthal 11 vare washingtonile portt enchals sandarshikkukayum cheythu. august 11 vare avar pugettu soundu ooppareshan cheyyukayum august 17 muthal 24 vare saan franciscoilekku neengukayum cheythu. 1931-nte thudakkathil avalum bakkiyulla yudhakkappalukalum thekk panaama kanal mekhalayilekku kuthichu.
februvari 15 muthal 21 vare kanalinu purathulla vellathil fleet prashnam XIII nadannu; kanal soninethire vimaanavaahinikkappalukale aasrayikkunna oru kappalppadayude akramanam ulkkollunna eee abhyasangal "california" yum yudhakkappalukalum prathirodhikkukayum cheythu. eee thanthrangal annathe carrier vimaanathinte sahishnuthayilum aayudhangalilum nirnaayaka parimithikal velippeduthukayum yudhakkappalukalkku carrier fozhsine eluppathil paraajayappeduthaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. juulai 1 muthal august 16 vare, "california" pugettu shabdathil nilayurappichu, pinneedu augustil avar thekk saan franciscoyilekkum pinneedu saan pedroilekkum kuthichu. 1932-nte thudakkathil saan nicolas dveepil ninnu kappal gunnery parisheelanatthil pankedutthu. 1933 maarchil, yunaittad stetts paryadanatthil, frigate kaaliforniyayiletthi; "california" ulppede 130 kappalukalude oru koottam march 9 nuu long beechil ethiya kappaline swaagatham cheythu. pittennu, 1933-leeii neenda kadaltheera bhookambam nagaratthil kaaryamaaya naashanashtangal varuthukayum 120 oolam perr kollappedukayum cheythu. california" yill ninnulla naavikar ulppede 4,000 tholam pere durithaashwaasa pravarthanangalil sahayikkaan kappalthaavalatthil ninnu karayilekku ayachu.
1934-ll, "california" yeei battleship division (battdivu) 4-lake niyamichu, ennirunnaalum avar fleet flagship enna nilayil thante punk nilanirtthi. epril 19 muthal meyy 12 vare kareebiyanil nadanna fleet prashnam XV-nethudarnnu, kappal randaazhchathekku haiti sandarshichu. meyy 25 nuu, meyy 31 nuu newyorkkil ninnu mattoru naavika avalokanathinaayi kappalukal vadakkott kuthichu, president franklin dii. rooswelt. october 27 muthal november 9 vareyulla kaalayalavil pasafikkilekku madangiyethiya yudhakkappal kanaaliloode kadannupokukayum anugamikkunna distroyarukalude rathrikaala akramanangal ulppede saan pedroilekku neengukayum cheythappol abhyasangal nadatthi. oru koottam laitt cruiserukal kalikkunna simulated yudhakkappalukalude oru sena-carrier niravadhi antharvaahinikalum nadatthiya aakramanathilaanu eee thanthrangal paryavasaanichathu. athinusesham, "california" yum mattu niravadhi kappalukalum november 15 nuu saan klement dveepil ubhayajeevikalude aakramana parisheelanatthil pankedutthu. 1935 epril 29 muthal juun 10 vare nadanna fleet prashnam XVI-naayi, kizhakkan pasafikkil alascan jalam muthal madhya dweep, havaay vare niravadhi thanthrangal eee kappalppada nadatthi.
1937 madhyathil "california" batdeevu 2 lake maattukayum juulai 7 nuu divisionile kappalukal havaay sandarshikkukayum august 22 nuu kaaliforniyayilekku madangukayum cheythu. "california" yum sahodariyum 1938-nte thudakkathil panaama kanaaliloode poons, puerto rico sandarshikkaan march 6 muthal 11 vare neenduninnu. 1939-ll naavikasena aarr pareekshanathmaka saaph radar settukal vaangaan theerumaanichu; naavikasenaykku kaimariyappol avaye cxam radarayi namakaranam cheythu; 1940-ll "california" yill oru settu sthaapichu, backie anchu ennam carrierilekkum moonnu hevi krooyisarukalilekkum pooyi. epril, meyy maasangalil, kizhakkan pasafikkil veendum nadanna fleet prashnatthil "california" pankedutthu. thanthrangalude samaapanathethudarnnu, rooswelt yudhakkappalukalodu havayiyil sthiramaayi thudaraan utharavittu; pasafikkile japanese aakramanathe thadayunnathinaanu puthiya forwade vinyaasam kanakkaakkiyath. europile randaam lokamahaayudhavum eshyayile randaam saino-japanese yudhavum moolam samgharshangal vardhichathode, 1941 ll shedule cheythirunna fleet prashnam naavikasena raddaki. aaa varsham aadyam, kappal oru attakuttappanikalkk vidheyamaayi epril 15 nuu avasaanichu, athinusesham kappal saan francisco sandarshichu.
randaam lokamahaayudham.
muthu thuramukha akramanam.
1941 desember 7 nuu raavile, yudhakkappal nirayile thekke attathulla kappalaya foord dveepinte thekkukizhakkan bhaagath "california" nilamparisaakki. aaa samayat, kappalil avalude 5 inch thokkukalil randennam, avalude. 50-kalori ulla randennam ennivayundaayirunnu. ambathu 5 inch shellukalum naanoor. 50 calorie ulla ready thokkukalaayi nirvachikkapettirikkunna mesheen gannukal. thokkukalil vattamidunnu. muthu thuramukhathinu nereyulla japanese akramanam aarambhichathin thottupinnaale, kaaliforniyayude aadya lefttanant, akkaalat kappalile muthirnna udyogasthanaayirunna lefttanant commander marian littil general kwartezhsilekku utharavu purappeduvichu. cheria thokkukal pravarthanakshamamaakkaan utharavidukayum kappal pravarthanakshamamaakkaan thayyarakukayum cheythu. 08:03 ll, ready thokkukalude jeevanakkar japanese vimanavumaayi edapazhakaan thudangi, athil mitsubishi eiii6emm seero faittarukal kappaline bandhippichu. ennirunnaalum, thokkudhaarikal thayyaraya vedikkoppukal vegathil chelavazhichu, maagasinukal veendum vitharanam cheiyunnathinu munbu avaa anlokku cheyyendivannu. eee sramam nadakkumbol, oru jodi nakajima bii5enn torpido bomberukal aduthuvannu avarude torpidokal "california" yilek irakki. iruvarum kappalil 08:05 ll idikkukayum onnu munnilekkum mattonn pinnilekkum pathikkukayum cheythu. aadyathethu frame 52-ll (nambar 2 gopuratthinum paalatthinum idayil) kavacham belttinu thaazhe pottitherichu, uyarnnathum neelamullathumaaya oru dwaaram srishtikkukayum, aadyathe torpido bulkheadin transwers steefanarukaleyum 47 num 60 num idayil vinaashakaramaayi roopappeduthukayum, randaamathe bulkheadine sakalangal kondu pothinjidukayum cheythu. randaamathethu beltt kavachathinu valare thaazheyulla oru dwaaram keeri. ennirunnaalum interior torpido bulkheadukal pidichunirtthukayum vellapokkam niyantrikkaan sahayikkukayum cheythu.
aakramana samayat kappal parishodhanaykk thayyarayathinaal vellam kettiyitta vaathilukal ellaam thurannirunnu; torpidokal adikkumbozhum vellapokkam aarambhikkumbozhum jeevanakkar vaathilukal adaykkunna prakriyayilaayirunnu. parishodhanaykkaayi pala portholukalum puram vaathilukalum thurannirunnu, ithu kappalil vellam praveshikkaan anuvadichu, prathyekichu kappal torpido hittukalil ninnu vellam edukkunnathinaal. kappaliludaneelam aniyanthrithamaaya vellapokkam padaraan thudangiyappol, "california" 5 muthal 6 digri vare thuramukhamaayi pattikappeduthaan thudangi. pattika 4 digriyil nilanirthaan starboard vashath vellappokkathe prathirodhikkaan kedupaadukal niyanthrikkunna teamukale oordar cheythillengilum thuramukha vashathe vellapokkam thudarnnu. torpido spodanangal forwade indhana taankukalum pottitherichu, ithu indhana samvidaanathilekku vellam praveshikkaan anuvadichu. malineekaranam kappalinte vaidyutha samvidaanam adachupoottukayum kedupaadukal niyanthrikkunna samghangalude shramangale thadassappeduthukayum cheythu. 08:15 num 09:15 num idayil, kappaline aichi dii3eiii dive bomberukal aavarthichu aakramichu; oru bomb starboard vashath pathikkukayum thuramukha vashath oru misinu sameepam cheria kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum cheythu. rund bomberukale vedivachittathaayi kappalile vimana virudha thokkudhaarikal avakaashappedunnundenkum, takarnna vimaanathinte credit sthaapikkaan prayaasamaan.
<aii. dii. 1> ll, kappalinte executive offeesaraaya commander erl stoon kappalil kayarukayum kappalinte command ettedukkukayum cheythu. athesamayam, starboard vashathe ettavum munnilulla casmettinu sameepam oru bomb (ithu parishkkaricha kavacha-thulaykkunna shellukalilonnaayirikkam) "california" yill pathichu. mukalile dekkilekku thulachukayariya sesham bomb randaamathe deckil ninnu recoach cheyyukayum kappalinte ulbhaagathu pottitherikkukayum cheythu, avide athu valia naashanashtangal varuthukayum gurutharamaaya theepiduttham aarambikkukayum 50 oolam perr kollappedukayum cheythu. ekadesham athe samayam, boiler room kroo naalu boyilarukal punaraarambhichu, ithu vaidyuthi punasthaapichu. <aii. dii. 1> aayappozhekkum thee cases nambarilekku vyaapichu. 3, 5, 7, appozhekkum kyapttan joyal bunkley vais admiral vilyam ezz. yudhakkappal kamaandaraaya paii kappalilekku madangiyethiyirunnu. theeyil ninnulla puka oduvil 10:00 leeii forwade enchin roomil athukayum aalukale pradesham ozhippikkaan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. ithu pumping sramangal avasaanippichu, ennirunnaalum akramanam avasaanichathinu sesham mattu kappalukal aadyam thee anaykkaanum thudarnnu vellam puratthekku pump cheyyaanum koode vannu. eee kappalukal upayogikkunna portable pambukalkku vellappokkathe prathirodhikkaan aavashyamaaya vaidyuthi illaayirunnu, adutha moonnu divasathinullil kappalinte purambhaagam pathukke vellam nirayukayum kappal cheliyil kudungukayum cheythu.
aakramanathil 104 perr kollappedukayum 61 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. aakramanasamayathe pravarthanangalkku niravadhi purushanmaarkk medel oof oonar labhichu. jaaksan sii. kappalile thokkudhaarikaliloraalaya farris maasikakalil ninnu vedikkoppukal kondupokaan oru koottam aalukale samghadippikkukayum indhana enna pukayaal keezhadangiya niravadhi naavikare rakshappeduthukayum cheythu. herbert sii. johnsum thomas reaves vedikkoppukal kondupokaan samanamaaya partykal samghadippichenkilum iruvarum aakramanathil kollappettu. roobert aarr. thante yudhakendram vidaan visammathichathine thudarnnu scott kollappettu. bhaaviyile tirichariyalinaayi "california" yill ninnulla anjjaathamaaya irupathiyanchu avashishtangal purathedutthathaayi 2019 desember 6 nuu prathirodha vakupp prakhyaapichu.
rakshappeduthuka, nannaakkuka, sevanathilekku madanguka.
adutha eathaanum maasangalil, thozhilaallikal kappal paachu cheyyukayum vellam pump cheyyukayum cheythathode raksha sramangal thudarnnu, oduvil 1942 march 25 nuu kappal veendum ozhuki. epril 5 nuu, kappalin 13:15 ll oru aakasmika spodanam sambhavichu, mikkavarum indhana enna neeravi, hydrajan sulfide vaathakam ennivayude mishrithatthinte falamaayirikkaam ithu. spodanathil purambhaagatthe muun dwaaram maraykkaan upayogichirunna paachu neekkam cheyyukayum jalanirodhitha vaathilukalkk kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum ithu gurutharamaaya vellappokkathin kaaranamavukayum cheythu. adutha kurachu divasangalil, rakshaasamghathinu purambhaagam veendum paachu cheyth veendum pump cheyyendivannu. epril 9 nuu "california" kku dry doock nambaril praveshikkaan kazhinju. 2 muthu thuramukhathu; praadhamika attakuttappanikal poortthiyaakkiya sesham, juun 9 nuu aval veendum ozhukippokukayum niravadhi maasangal thuramukhathu thudarukayum cheythu.
october 10 nuu, "california" muthu thuramukhathu ninnu purappett kadalil distroyarine kandumutty; rund kappalukalum pugettu shabdathilekku neengi, avide "california" sthiramaaya attakuttappanikalkkum valia naveekaranathinum vidheyamaakum. eee punny 1942 october 20 muthal 1944 januvari 31 vare neenduninnu. kappalinte pradhana baattari ozhikeyulla ellah thokkukalum neekkam cheyyukayum punarnirmmaanathinulla thayyaareduppinaayi athinte uparithala ghadana poornnamaayum nasippikkukayum cheythu. underwater protection skeem mechappeduthunnathinum sthiratha vardhippikkunnathinam avalude purambhaagam vipuleekarichu. laitt cruiserukalil ninnu laitt aircraft kaariyarukalayi parivartthanam cheytha puthiya fayar kantrol sisttangal sthaapikkukayum avarude cxam radar neekkam cheyth ovaahuvil sthaapikkukayum cheythu. avalude dvitheeya baattari puthiya eratta gopurangalil pathinaar 5 inch/38 kaalii eratta-uddeshya thokkukal upayogichu maattisthaapichu, avalkk dhaaraalam closs rench aanti-aircraft thokkukal labhichu. aake, patthu naaliratti moundukalilum naalppathimoonnu oorlikkoon thokkukalilum naalpath bofozhs thokkukal avar gadippichirunnu.
vyoma aakramanathodulla prathirodham mechappeduthunnathinaayi thirashcheena samrakshanam ganyamaayi shakthippeduthi; maasikakalkk mukaliloode deckil 3 inch prathyeka treatment steel (ezz. tii. ezz) cherkkukayum ezz. tii. ezz mattevideyengilum cherkkukayum cheythu. avarude yadhaartha coning gopuratthinu pakaram, aduthide punarnirmmicha 1960-kalil ninnu neekkam cheytha gopurangalilonnu avarkk labhichu. "california" avalude pazhaya koottinte maasttukalum neekkam cheythu, forwade kej maasttin pakaram oru aadhunika tower maast sthaapichu. eee mattangal kappalinte jeevanakkaarude ennam erattiyaakki, motham 114 offeesarmaarum 2,129 perum chernnu. sthalammaattathil vardhanavu undaayirunnittum 20.5 nottu nilanirthaan kappaline anuvadikkukayum cheythu.
1944 januvari 31 nuu, kyapttan henry pooyintar burnet, commanding, pugettu soundu upekshichu, thudarnnu saan pedroyil ninnu oru shakkadoun cruisinu sesham kadal pareekshanangalude oru parambara aarambhichu. praadhamika parisheelanatthil ninnu puthumukhangalaaya kroovine pasafikkile yuddha pravarthanangalkkaayi thayyarakkunnathinaayi kappalil vividha pariseelanangal undaayirunnu. saan fraansiskoyil aayirikkumbol, eprilil kappal mattoru yanthraparishodhanakalkk vidheyamaayi, meyy 5 nuu kappal maddhya pasafikkil cherunna kappalppadayil cherunnathinayi purappettu. avar aadyam havaian dveepukalilekku neengi, avide kahoolaaveyil ninnu theerathe bombakramanam nadatthi. marshell dveepukalile rooy-naamoorile nankooratthilekku pookunna vidhathil meyy 31 nuu avar aaa pradesham vittu. "juun 8 nuu california avide ethi, avide avar rear admiral jessy biyude neethrthwathil fayar support group 1-leeii task groupil (tiji) chernnu. oldendorff.
central pasaphik kaambeynukal.
"california" yum bakkiyulla kappalpadayum mariana, palaavu dveepukalude pracharanam aarambhikkunnathinayi mariana dveepukalilekku kuthichu. juun 13nuu vaiki saippaanil ninnu kappalppada ethi. pittennu raavile, "california" yum tii. jii. aii. dii. 1>-nte mattu kappalukalum avarude bombaakramana sthaanangalilekku neengukayum avarude spotting vimanam vikshepikkukayum dveepile japanese sthaanangalkku nere shellakramanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. "thalasthaanamaaya garappan chuttumulla pradeshathe lakshyangale aakramich "california" 05:58 nuu nere vediyuthirthu. feeld gannil ninnulla oru japanese shell fayar kantrol plaattphominte 09:10 pinnil kappalil idichu, oraal kollappedukayum patthu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. kappalinte eyar serch radar thakaraarilaayathine thudarnnu takaraar niyanthrana samghangal vegathil niyanthrikkunna theepiduthatthinu kaaranamaayi. pittennu pakal, "california" raathriyil pradesham vittu pittennu raavile madangiyethi. 09:54 ll, american nireekshakar garappaanil japanese type 95, type 97 taankukalude oru koottatthe kandethi, "california" avaye earppeduthi, kuranjathu oru tankengilum nashippichu. yudhakkappalil earppettirunna managaha dveepile japanese thokkukalude oru baattari adichamarthaan kappal sahayichu. "california" pakal muzhuvan japanese sthaanangal bombit, 18:30 ll raathriyil pinmari.
juun 15 nuu raavile, american 2nd maraine division theerathu pooyi, "california" aakramanathe pinthunachu, aadyam garappaanilum pinneedu landing beechukalilum vediyuthirthu, appol prathirodhakkar landingine pinthirippikkaan shramichu. naavikark nere shellakramanam nadathiyirunna affetna pooyintil japanese peerankikaleyum kappal aakramichu. avar raathriyil theerathu thaamasikkukayum theerathe naavikarumayi radio ashayavinimayam nadatthiya sesham japanese rathrikaala prathyaakramanangal takarkkaan agnishamana pinthuna nalkukayum cheythu. "naavikar ulnaadukalilekku neengumbol japanese prathirodhatthil bombit "california" niravadhi divasam steshanil thudarnnu. juun 17 nuu avalum "maryland" oru kawasaki kii-61 yudhavimaanathe vedivachu veezhthukayum pittennu "california" mattoru kii-61 aakramanathinirayaakukayum ennaal 40 emm thokkukalilonnu abadhathil vedivacha 5 inch thokkukalilonnu ozhike kedupaadukal sambhavikkathirikkukayum cheythu. juun 22nuu, maarshalukalile eneevettokkile vedikkoppukalum storukalum niraykkaan "california" pinmari.
eneevettokkil ethiya sesham, juun 25 muthal juulai 16 vare attakuttappanikalkk vidheyayaya avar appozhekkum surakshithamaayirunna saipaanilekk madangi. adutha lakshyamaya gwam ooppareshan steevdoril aakramikkappedukayaayirunnu. mariyaanaasilethiyappol, "california" "tennessi" yumayum naalu distroyarukalumaayum chernnu task yoonit 53.1.16 roopeekarichu, athu juulai 19 nuu guwamil ninnu ethi. aakramana beechukalkku chuttumulla japanese prathirodhatthe nirveeryamaakkaan kappalukal sramichathinaal kappalukal annu thayyaareduppu bombaakramanatthil chernnu. juulai 21 nuu landingin thottumumbulla divasam shellakramanam thudarnnu, california tumon agaanaykkum chuttumulla pradeshangalil thante thee kendreekarichu. "california", "aii. dii. 2" ll aarambhichathum ennaal aaa divasam thanne saipaanilekk pookunnathumaaya ubhayajeevikalude aakramanathinu praadhamika pinthuna nalki.
"california" saippaanilvech thante vedikkoppukal niraykkukayum thudarnnu aakramanathinu vidheyamaaya adutha dveepaaya tinionilekku neengukayum cheythu. "california" yum "tennessi" yum juulai 23nuu ethi, dveepinte thekke attathu saan josine bombakramanam nadatthi, kooduthal vadakkulla yadhaartha landing beechukalil ninnu vazhithirichuvidaanayi. rund yudhakkappalukalum avarude pradhana thokkukalil ninnu motham 480 shellukalum 5 inch thokkukalil ninnu 800 roundukalum vedivachu pattanatthe poornnamaayum nashippichu. <aii. dii. 1> ll, rund kappalukalum avarude thee parisodhikkukayum raathriyilekku pinvaangukayum cheythu. pittennu raavile, naavikar dveepil erangiyappol avare pinthunaykkaan avar madangi. adutha kure divasathekku poraattam pottipurappettu, aaa samayat "california" dveepil patrolling nadatthi, japanese senaye shellakramanam nadatthi. yudhathil kappalinte punk juulai 31 nuu japanese prathirodhakkaarude avasana nilapaadil kalaashichu, eee samayat "california" yum mattu bombaakramana kappalukalum avarude sthaanangalkkethire bhayankaramaaya oru vedivayppu nadatthi. "california" pinneedu pradesham vittu guwamilek madangukayum august 9 vare avide pooraadunna sainikare pinthunaykkaan madangukayum cheythu, appol avar eneevettokkil vedikkoppukalum indhanavum niraykkaan purappettu.
august 19 nuu, espirittu santoilekku pookunna yudhakkappalukal, cruiserukal, distroyarukal ennivayude task fozhsinte bhaagamaayi "california" enivettokkil ninnu purappettu; august 23 nuu nadannukondirikkumbol, "tennessi" kku oru steering takaraar anubhavapettu, athu avalkk line puratthaakaanum "california" yumayi koottiyidikkaanum kaaranamaayi, randaamathethinte villil oru dwaaram keeri. california" yile ezhu jeevanakkar apakadatthil kollappedukayum niravadhi perr avare mochippikkaan murichumaattendivanna valanja bulkheadukalaal avarude berthing compartmentil kudungukayum cheythu. kedupaadukal niyanthrana samghangal kedupaadukal sambhavicha bulkheadukal shekharikkukayum purambhaagathu ninnu vellam pump cheyyaan kazhiyukayum cheythu. "tennessi" kku kooduthal gurutharamaaya kedupaadukal sambhavichu, avalkk pell harberil attakuttappanikalkkayi samgham videndivannu; "california" vaahanavyoohavumaayi thudarnnu, avarude lakshyasthaanathu ethiya sesham, august 25 muthal septambar 10 vare neenduninna attakuttappanikalkkayi floating drydockil praveshichu. koottiyidi pelelu yudhathil pankedukkunnathil ninnu kappaline thadanju.
phillippeans pracharanam.
"california" septambar 17 nuu espirittu saantoyil ninnu purappett nyoo giniyayude theerathukoodi kadannupoyi, avide puthiya ginia prachaarana velayil japanese, australian senakal thammilulla yudhangal naavikar nireekshichu. septambar 22nuu kappal maanoosilethi, avide adutha ooppareshanulla thayyaareduppukal aarambhichu. "california", veendum oldendorfinte bombaakramana samghathinte bhagamaaya, athil ippol "maryland", "tennessi", "tennessi" enniva ulppedunnu, october 12 nuu philippainsilekku purappettu. anchu divasathinu sesham aaram renchar bataaliyan dinagat, suluwan dveepukalil praadhamika landingode phillippines akramanam aarambhichu. randaamathethu philippainsinu nereyulla aakramanathekkurichu japanese bodhavanmare bodhavaanmaraakki, ithu oru sakhya landingilekkulla aasootritha prathikaranamaya ooppareshan shhow-goo 1 sajeevamaakkunnathilekk nayichu. thudarnnu, leyteyile pradhana landinginulla thayyaareduppinaayi sakhya mainsweepparmaar leyde gulfilekkulla chaanalukal neekkam cheyyaan thudangi. october 19nuu dveepil bombakramanam aarambhichu, pittennu sainyam karayilethiyappol athu thudarnnu. aaa divasam thanne aadyathe kaamikasukalilonnaaya seero faittar praav kappalilekku neengukayum ennaal kanatha vimana virudha theepiduttham vimaanathe vazhithirichuvidukayum athu starboard villil ninnu apakadamillaathe thakarukayum cheythu.
laith gulf yuddham.
thudarnnulla divasangalil, american sainyam ulnaadukalilekku neengiyappol japanese sthaanangal thakarth "california" adhinivesha beechil ninnu maari. eee kaalayalavil, japanese kappalppada avarude prathyaakramanathinaayi sthaanathekku neengaan thudangi. sakhya rahasyaanveshana vimaanangalum antharvaahinikalum eee pradeshathe sameepikkumbol kappalpadaye kandathayi report cheythu, ithu ubhayachara aakramana kappalukalkk nereyulla japanese akramanam pratheekshichukondu ellah rathriyum bombardment groupine thekkan leyteyilekku pinvalikkaan prerippichu. october 24 nuu, japanese naavika seena eee pradeshathe sameepikkunnathaayi reportukal vannathode oldendorfinte kappalukal surigao kadalidukkil ninnu purathukadakkaan thayyaaredutthu. vais admiral shoji nishimurayude thekkan seena leett gulfile adhinivesha kappalukale akramikkaan surigao kadalidukkiloode aaviyil sanjarichu; addehathinte senayil yudhakkappalukal division 2-yudhakkappalukalum, hevi cruiser, naalu distroyarukalum, vais admiral keohide shimayude randaamathe striking fozhsum-hevi cruiserukalum, laitt cruiser, naalu distroyarukalum ulppedunnu. october 24 nuu ratri nishimurayude kappal kadalidukkiloode kadannupokumbol, avaa american pidi bottukalil ninnum thudarnnu distroyarukalil ninnum aakramanathinu vidheyamaayi, surigao kadalidukkile yudhathinu thudakkamittu. eee distroyarukalilonnu fuso torpido cheyyukayum avale pravarthanarahithayaakkum cheythuvenkilum nishimura thante lakshyathilekku thudarnnu.
california" thante ezz. jii radar upayogichu japanese kappalukal eduthathu "aii. dii. 1"-ll aayirunnu; ettu minittinusesham avalude forwade emm. keey. 8 fayar kantrol radar kappalukale tracuchaian thudangi, appozhekkum kappalukalude rench kuranju. "vestt virgenia" aadyam <aii. dii. 1> ll vediyuthirkkukayum thudarnnu mattu mikka american yudhakkappalukalum vediyuthirkkukayum cheythu. "california" pramukha japanese kappaline aarr thokku salvo upayogichu earppeduthi. yudhathinte prarambha ghattathinushesham, american yudharekha thirinju, ennaal california "oru anchil thirikkuka" enna avyakthamaaya kramatthe thettayi vyaakhyaanichu (150 digri thirikkuka ennartham-kyapttan henry burnet ithu 15 digri thirikkanulla nirddeshamaayi vaayichu) koodaathe "tennessi" yude villiloode kadannupokunna thettayi thirinju. thante thettu manassilakkiya burnet, "tennessi" neey lainil ninnu valicheriyumbol "california" yeei staarbordilekku kadinamaayi tirian utharavittu. rund kappalukalum parasparam cheruthaayi ozhivaakkiyenkilum aashayakkuzhappathil, "california" "tennessi" yeei mukhammoodi dharichu niravadhi minitt vedivaykkunnathil ninnu avare thadanju, ennirunnaalum "california" eee kaalayalavil vediyuthirkkunnathu thudarnnu. kappalinte ettavum valia gopuratthinte valath thokkil oru misshire anubhavapettu, moonnaamathe salvoyil ninnulla thalavedana pinn emm. keey 8 radaarine pravarthanarahithamaakkukayum forwade radaarinte vyaapthi nasippikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum ganleyarukal thokkukal krithyamaayi nayikkunnath thudarnnu. vedivayppu nadatthi pathinaar minittinusesham, athijeevicha japanese kappalukal thirinj oodippoyappool "california" avalude thee parishodhichu. eee samayamaayappozhekkum, japanese kappalukal vikshepicha niravadhi torpidokal american lainine sameepichenkilum avayilonnum yudhakkappalukalil idichilla. eee pravartthanatthinide, "california" thante pradhana baattariyil ninnu motham 63 shellukal prayogichu; yudhathil japanese yudhakkappalukalaaya "abukuma" yum naalu distroyarukalum nashtappettu.
ithinidayil, vais admiral tekko kurittayude keezhilulla kendra senayaaya pradhana japanese kappalppada iruttinte maravil saan bernardino kadalidukkiloode kadannupoyi october 25nuu neratthe ethi. japanese yudhakkappalukalum cruiserukalum samaril ninnulla yudhathil adhinivesha kappalukalkk kaaval nilkkunna escort carrierukaludeyum distroyarukaludeyum oru senayaaya taffy 3 neey aakramichu, ithu athinte commander rear admiral klifttan spraagine adiyanthira sahaayathinaayi vilikkaan prerippichu. oldendorff udan thanne thante kappalukal yudhathil cheraan vadakkott thirikkukayum vazhiyil kappalukal japanese vyomaakramanathin vidheyamaakukayum cheythu. "kaaliforniyayude 5 inch, 40 emm thokkukal vimaanathe akramikkaan shramichenkilum oru hittum nediyilla. bombakramanam nadathunna samgham sambhavasthalathu athumbozhekkum, thaan kooduthal sakthamaaya phaast carrier task fozhsine abhimukeekarikkukayaanenna taffy 3-nte kanatha cheruthunilppil bodhyapetta kurita pinmaariyirunnu. yuddham avasaanichathode bombardment grouppinte kappalukal adutha maasathekku avarude graundu support pravartthanangal punaraarambhichu.
lingayan gulfile yuddham.
november 25 muthal desember 15 vare neenduninna attakuttappanikalkkayi november 20 nuu avar maanuvilekku purappettu. thudarnnu avar palaavuvile kosol rodukalilekku neengi, avide 1945 januvari 1 vare thaamasichu, thudarnnu avar laith gulfilake madangiyethi. bombardment groupil veendum chernna sesham, dveepinte padinjaaran bhaagathulla lingayen gulfill adutha valia akramanam nadatthaan kappalppada padinjaaran luzonylake neengi. yaathraamadhye japanese vimanangal kappalpadaye aakramichu, ennaal aakramanathil kaaliforniyaykku kedupaadukal sambhavichittilla. januvari 5nuu kappal gulfill ninnu ethi, pittennu raavile athil praveshichu. annu pularche thanne "california" thante thokkukal kandethunnathinayi thante floatplayinukal vikshepichu, athinusesham avar lingayen gulfill praveshichukazhinjaal sakhyasenaye bheeshanippeduthiyekkaavunna eathenkilum japanese peerankikale nishabdamaakkaan gulfinte padinjaarulla santiago dveepil vediyuthirthu. kappalppadayude mainsweepparmaar thudarnnu gulfilake chaanalukal neekki, athu "california" cover cheyyaan sahayichu. oldendorfinoppam, avar bombakramanam nadathunna samghathe gulfilake nayichu, lingayen gulf adhiniveshathinu thayyaaredukkunnathinaayi bombakramanam aarambhichu.
aaa divasam 17:15 nuu thottupinnaale, oru jodi seero kaamikaasukal kappaline sameepichu; kaaliforniyayile thokkudhaarikal avaril oraale vedivachu veezhthiyenkilum matteyaal mainmastinte aduthulla thuramukhathu avale adichu. vimaanathinte indhana taankukalil ninnulla petrol theepidikkukayum mattoru kappalil ninnulla 5 inch shell abadhathil kaaliforniyayude 5 inch thokkukalilonnil thatti gopuratthinullil pottitherichu mattoru theepiduttham aarambikkukayum cheythu. panthrand minittinullil rund theepiduthangalum adichamarthappettu, ennaal camicase ganyamaaya naashanashtangal varuthi 44 perr kollappedukayum 155 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. kappal steshanil thudarumbol thaalkkaalika attakuttappanikal nadatthi, japanese sthaanangal bombit thudarnnu. us aaram sainyathil ninnulla sainikar januvari 9 nuu theerathethukayum januvari 10 muthal 18 vare japanese kappalppadayude aakramanathe prathirodhikkunnathinaayi thekkan chaina kadalil patrolling nadatthaan "california" gulf vittu. thudarnnu avar lingayen gulfilake madangiyenkilum januvari 22nuu ulithiyilekku purappett januvari 28nuu avideyetthi.
"california" ulithiyil ninnu purappett muthu thuramukhathekku thudarnnu, avide avar februvari 6 muthal 8 vare thaamasichu, thudarnnu sthiramaaya attakuttappanikalkkum parishkkaranangalkkumayi pugettu shabdathinaayi purappettu. epril 24 nuu, "california" oru hraswa pareekshanatthinaayi aarambhichu, epril 29 nuu thekkott neelamulla beechilekku neengunnu. meyy 2 muthal 10 vare avide kooduthal jolikal nadatthi, aaa samayat avar oru shakkadoun cruisinum vidheyayayi. meyy 10 nuu avar kaaliforniyayil ninnu kappalppadayilekku madangukayum pinneedu okinaavayile aakramanathinu thayyaaredukkukayum cheythu. vazhiyil, meyy 16 muthal 29 vare muthu thuramukhathum juun 9 muthal 12 vare ulithiyilum avar nirtthi, athinusesham vadakkott rucue dveepukalilekku thirinju.
avasaanathe ooppareshanukal.
"california" juun 15 nuu okinaavayil nankooramittu, appozhekkum american sainyam rund maasathilereyaayi dveepil pooraadukayaayirunnu. okinaavayilum parisaratthum nadanna pravarthanangalil japanese oru pradhana camicas kaambayin aarambichirunnu, "california" steshanil aayirikkumbol eee akramanangal thudarnnu. juun 17,18 theeyathikalil avalum hevi cruiserukalum 96-aamath kaalaalppada divisione pinthunachukondu yasu-dake, yusa-dake malancherivukalile japanese sthaanangal bombittu. kanatha moodalmanju kappalinte floatplayinukalude maranjirikkunna japanese sthaanangal kandethanulla shramangale thadassappeduthiyenkilum california rund divasamaayi pradeshathu kanatha bombakramanam nadatthi. aakramana kappalukale akramikkunnathil ninnu japanese navikasena thadayunnathinaayi juulai 14 vare avar dveepil patrolling nadatthi. juulai 15 muthal 22 vare, avar kerama rettoyilaan kidannathu, indhanavum storukalum nirachu, thudarnnu task fozhsu 95 ll chernnu, ithu khanikal neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi kizhakkan chaina kadalilekku ayachu. august 8 nuu philippainsile saan pedro beyile attakuttappanikalkkayi avale tf 95 ll ninnu verpeduthi, august 11 muthal 15 vare neenduninna jolie.
avidevechu, "kaaliforniyayude" samghathinu japanese keezhadangalinekkurichulla vaartha labhichu. punny poorthiyaayikkazhinjaal, avar vadakku okinaavayile nakagusuku ulkkadalilekku aaviyil sanjarichu, thudar utharavukalkkayi kaathirunna avar august 23 muthal septambar 20 vare avide thaamasichu. thudarnnu avar vaakayaamayilekku purappettu, avide septambar 23 nuu aaraamathe sainikare pinthunaykkaan avar jappan adhinivesham aarambhichu. aduthayaazhcha, aval yokosukayilekku kooduthal vadakkott neengi, october 3 nuu ethi, yudhakkappalinu sameepam nankooramittu. "california" athinusesham "tennessi" ykkum mattu niravadhi kappalukalkkumoppam 50.5 enna task groupil chernnu. october 15nuu avar jappanil ninnu philadelphia naavika yardilekku purappettu. avar thekkott singapoorilekku kappal kayari, october 23 nuu avide nirtthi, avide avar britiish, franch, itaaliyan yudhakkappalukale kandumutty. task group pinneedu malakka kadalidukkiloode indian mahaasamudrathilekku neengi, october 30 muthal november 3 vare kolambayil nirtthi. avidevechu avar dakshinaafrikkan sainikarude oru samghathe naattilekku ayachu.
kappalukal pinneedu november 15 muthal 18 vare dakshinaafrikkayile cape tounil nirtthi, avide dakshinaafrikkan sainikar erangi. "california" yum mattu kappalukalum pinneedu atlaantikkilekku kuthichuyarnnu, lakshyasthaanathekkulla vazhiyil sent helena assension dveepilum nirtthi. desember 7nuu avar philadelphiyayilethi, avide 754 udyogasthareyum udyogasthareyum discharge sentarukalilekku ayachu. kappal nirmmikkaan kroo thayyaaraakkiyappol thudarnnulla maasangalil 40 udyogasthareyum 1,345 pereyum discharge cheythu. 1946 august 7 nuu avale audyogikamaayi reservil, ippozhum commissionil, sthaapichu. kappal 1947 februvari 14 nuu nirthalaakkukayum 1959 march 1 nuu naavika kappal rajisttaril ninnu thakarkkappedunnathin munbu mattoru pathittaand naavikasenayude inventariyil thudarukayum cheythu. athinusesham avale juulai 10 nuu bethlahem kappal nirmmaana corporation vilkkukayum thakarkkukayum cheythu. kaast venkala munny samrakshikkukayum california stettu capitol paarkkile sacramentoyil pradarshippikkukayum cheythu.

