
1967 vietnaam yudhathil

1967-nte thudakkathil thekkukizhakkan eshyayil america kramanugathamaayi vikasichukondirunna vyoma, karayudhathil earppettirunnu. 1965 februvariyil aarambhichathumuthal, ooppareshan rolling idiminnal, vadakkan viyatnaminethiraaya bombakramanam, athinte lakshyangalude ennathilum praadhaanyatthilum vardhikkukayum gathagatha shringhala vyavasayathinum petroleum shudheekarana, sambharana soukaryangalkkum valia naashanashtamundaakkukayum cheythu. ennittum
pracharanam athinte prakhyapitha lakshyangalonnum kaivarikkanulla lakshanangalonnum kaanichilla. vyomaakramanam yuddham thudaraanulla hanoy sarkkaarinte ichhaashakthiye thakarthilla, koodaathe avaa vietnaam (pavn) sainyathinteyum thekkan viyatnaamilekkulla vitharanathinteyum ozhukk thadayukayo vilamathikkaanaavaathavidham thadassappeduthukayo cheythilla. vadakkan viyatnaamin kedupaadukal nannakkaanum yuu. esinte vardhichuvarunna vardhanavu prathirodhikkaan mathiyaya vegathil nasippikkappetta soukaryangalkku pakarakkar vikasippikkaanum kazhinju.ezz. vyoma pracharanam. soviyatt, chainees sahaayathode vadakkan vietnaamees valuthum noothanavumaaya vyoma prathirodha samvidaanam nirmmichu. athinte thokkukalum misailukalum oro american reydinum pailattumaareyum vimaanangaleyum vilayil ninnu pinvalichirunnu. thekkan viyatnaamile nilathu, yuu.ezz. 1965 avasaanathode aarambhicha fozhsu bildup poorttheekaranathodu adukkukayaayirunnu. 3, 80, 000-thiladhikam american sainikar raajyathundaayirunnu.
republic oof viyatnaaminte (rvn) 730,000-thiladhikam sainyavum mattu sakhyarajyangalil ninnulla 52,000-tholam sainikarum. oru varshathe bays nirmmaanathinum poraattam theevramaakkunnathinum sesham, yuu.ezz. pawan, viyatt kong (vii. sii) ennivayil ninnu yudhakkala samrambham pidichedukkunna valia aakramanangalkk thante sainyam thayyaaraanenn commander general vilyam westmoreland vishwasichu. ennirunnaalum, pavn/vii. sii., pathiv pavn divisionukalude thekkan viyatnaamilekkulla nuzhanjukayattam ulppede avarude swantham nirmmaanam nadathukayaayirunnu. eee unitukal, vii. sii. garillakal, laitt infantry formationukal ennivaykkoppam american velluvili neridukayaayirunnu. thekkan viyatnaamil, pavn/vii. sii valuthum cheruthumaaya edapedalukalil amerikkakkaarude naashanashtangal varuthanulla avasarangal thedi. avar thekkan viyatnaaminte athirthiyile vividha sthalangalil sainyathe kendreekarichu sainyathe roopeekarichu.
sakhyakakshikalkk oru thanthraparamaaya bheeshaniyum sainika sahaaya kamaandaaya viyatnaamine (makvi) athinte karuthal shekharam pirichuvidaan nirbandhikkukayum cheiyunnu.
januvari.
ezhu vietnaam peeples airfozhs (vii. pii. eiii. eph) maig-21 interceptarukale usaf vedivechittathinu kaaranamaaya yunaittad stetts airforcinte (usaf) vijayakaramaya oru poratta thanthramaayirunnu ooppareshan booloo.
vadakkan vietnaam pradhaanamantri phaam vaan dong "newyork times" lekhakanaaya haarisan salisburic nalkia abhimukhathil yuu. ezz. aanenkil thante raajyam americayumaayi nerittu samadhana charchakal aarambhikkumenn soochippichu.ezz. american bombakramanam nirupaadhikamaayi nirthiyathaayi randaazhchaykku sesham president hoow chii miin sthireekarichu.
republic oof korea armi (roock) kyaapittal division phu yenn pravishyayile haiway 1-ll nadatthiya thirachilum vyakthamaaya pravarthanavumaayirunnu ooppareshan meng hoow VIII. ooppareshan 150 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum 400 pere pidikoodukayum cheythu.
nakhaamg royal lavo aarmiyude (aarr. ell. eiii) moonnaam yudhathil yuu.ezz. naa khaangile lima saitt 36-ll vyomasena nadatthiya oru pawan akramanam vyomasena thirichadichu. paavanin 250 perr kollappedukayum aarr. ell. aykku ombathu perr kollappedukayum cheythu.
mccong nadeethadatthil yunaittad stetts maraine corps (yuu. ezz. emm. sii) southu vietnaamees maraine corps chernnaanu ooppareshan deckhouse five nadathiyathu. usmc, vietnaamees maraine amphibius ooppareshan ennivayude valia samyojanavum aii corpsinte athirthikalkkappurathu nadanna avasaanathe prathyeka landing fozhsu (slf) amphibius landing aayathinal eee ooppareshan shradheyamaayirunnu. ooppareshan 21 vii. sii. yum ezhu naavikarum oru rvn kollappettu.
ooppareshan paam beach moonnaam brigade, onpathaam kaalaalppada division, moonnaamathe bataaliyan 39-aamm kaalaalppada, randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum bataaliyan, 60-aamm kaalaalppada ennivar chernnu oru thirachilum naasha pravartthanavum, dong taam bays camp sthaapikkunnathinum nadatthi. ithu 570 vii. sii. yilum 149 yuu. yilum kalaashichu.ezz. kollappettu.
ooppareshan sedar falls pradhaanamaayum yuu nadatthiya oru sainika ooppareshanaayirunnu.ezz. sakthikal. oru pradhana vii. sii. shakthikendramaayi marria saigonin sameepam sthithi cheiyunna "irumbu trikonam" ennu vilikkappedunna pradeshathe unmoolanam cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu eee vann thirachilum naasha pravartthanatthinteyum lakshyam. ooppareshan 720 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum 218 pere pidikoodukayum cheythu.ezz. 72 perr kollappedukayum 11 perr kollappedukayum cheythu.
baann naadeninethiraaya raidle kendra rahasyaanveshana ejansiyude (sii. aii. eiii) neethrthwathilulla samgham vadakkan lavosile baann nadenile oru paatthett lavo yudhathadavukaarante campil raid nadatthi. 82 thadavukaare ooppareshan vijayakaramaayi mochippichu.
dong taam bays kyaambinte nirmmaanathinaayi dredging cheythirunna dredgeship "jamaikka bay" visi mukki, moonnu kroo amgangal kollappettu.
president jonson kongrasine abhisambodhana cheyth, "korpparettu, vyakthigatha aadaayanikuthikalkku 6 sathamaanam sarcharj njaan kongrasinodu shupaarsha cheiyunnu-2 varshamo viyatnaamile njangalude sramangalumaayi bandhapetta asaadhaarana chelavukal thudarunnidatholam."yudhathekkurichu jonson paranju," samgharsham eathaandu avasaanichuvennu ningalodu report cheyyaan kazhinjirunnenkil ennu njaan aagrahikkunnu. ithu enikku cheyyaan kazhiyilla. naam kooduthal chelavum kooduthal nashtavum kooduthal vedana neridunnu ", addeham record 135 bilyan dollar federal gavanment bajatt nirddesham nalki.
oru sivilian kramarahita prathirodha group (sii. aii. dii. jii) kambani boop campinu sameepam oru paavan senaye vinyasichu, moonnu perude nashtatthinu 41 paavan kollappettu.
foyne pravishyayile onpathaam kaalaalppada vibhaagathile roock 28-aamm rejimentaanu ooppareshan maa duu I nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 160 paavan/vii. sii. kollappedaan kaaranamaayi.
daa naangin thekkupadinjaraayi 24 kilometer akale randaam bataaliyan, anchaam naavikar nadatthiya thirachilum nashavum aayirunnu ooppareshan tuscalusa. ooppareshan 72 paavan/vii. sii. kollappettu.
lefttanant general enguen hyuu koye dakshina viyatnaaminte deputy premiier, prathirodha mantri ennee sthaanangalil ninnu pirichuvidukayum mattu sarkkar amgangalude vottiloode raajyam bharikkunna sainika sarkkaaril ninnu sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayum cheythu.
binh tuwan, ninh tuwan, laam dong pravisyakalil 101-aamath airbone division serch aandu distroy ooppareshan aayirunnu ooppareshan faraghat. shasthrakriyayude falamaayi 115 paavan/vcyum 15 yuu. yum undaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
jillayile ezhaam naavikarude moonnaam bataaliyan nadatthiya ooppareshan desoto. sasthrakriya 383 vii. sii. yilum 76 yuu. yilum kalaashikkunnu.ezz. kollappettu.
yuu.ezz. helikopttar thokkukal curfuvinu sesham sampansil bassack nadhi kadannu 31 thekkan vietnaamees pouranmaare konnu.
khaan hoow pravishyayile roock 9-aamm division serch aandu distroy ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan bake maa aii. ooppareshan 390 paavan/vii. sii. kollappettu.
februvari.
yuu.ezz. samudra aakramana vimaanangalum peerankikalum daa naanginte thekkupadinjaarulla oru graamatthil abadhathil vediyuthirthu ettu saadhaaranakkaar kollappettu.
demilitarized soninu (dii. emm. isad) thekkulla paavan senaye illaathaakkaan moonnaam maraine divisionaanu ooppareshan prairy II nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 694 pawan kollappedukayum 20 pere pidikoodukayum 93 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
196-aamath kaalaalppada brigade 3-aamath brigade 4-aamath kaalaalppada division chernnu thaii niin pravishyayile paavan 271-aamath rejimentinethire nadatthiya oru ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan gadsden. ooppareshan 160 pawan, 29 yuu ennivaykku kaaranamaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
kuranjathu 15,000 uyarnna sphodakavasthukkalulla 155 emm peeranki nirmaanavasthukkalenkilum nasippichukondu vii. sii. long biinn poost vedicope vitharana kendram aakramichu.
jonson mosco vazhi hoow chii minnin oru kathu ayachu, athu "priyappetta misttar. presidenta viyatnaamile samgharsham avasaanippikkaamenna pratheekshayilaan njaan ningalkk kathezhuthunnathu, "ningalude raajyathinethire bombakramanam avasaanippikkaan utharavidunnathinu njaan thayyaaraan" enna addehathinte nirddeshathinu rooparekha nalkunnu... karaa, kadal maarggam thekkan viyatnaamilekkulla nuzhanjukayattam avasaanichuvennu enikku urappaayikkazhinjaal."februvari 10nuu hoow sandesham sweekarikkukayum marupadi thayyarakkukayum cheyyum.
play trap vaaliyilum play dokkilum naalam kaalaalppada divisionaanu ooppareshan saam hoosttan nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 733 pawan, 155 yuu ennivaykku kaaranamaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
onnaam kuthirappada division, moonnaam brigade, 25-aamm kaalaalppada division, rvn 22-aamm division, binh-traanh pravishyayile roock kyaapittal division ennivar pavn-3-aamm divisionethire ooppareshan pershing nadatthi. ooppareshan falamaayi 5,401 paavan kollappettu, 852 yuu.ezz. 22 perr kollappedukayum kaanaathaavukayum 30 + rvn kollappedukayum cheythu.
ooppareshan enterprise-oru samadhana, suraksha ooppareshan-moonnaam brigade, onpathaam kaalaalppada division, praadeshika senakalum janakeeya senakalum oru deerghakaala pravisyayil nadatthi. ooppareshan 241 paavan/vii. sii. kollappedukayum 21 pere pidikoodukayum 80 koorumaattakkaar kollappedukayum cheythu. yuu.ezz. 31 perr kollappettu.
republic oof korea maraine corps 2nd maraine brigade nadatthiya ettavum prashasthamaaya yudhamaayirunnu tra biinn dong yuddham. kambodiayude athirthikkaduthulla tra biinn dong graamathilaanu ithu nadannathu. yudhathil 246 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum rund perr pidikkappedukayum 15 koreakkaar kollappedukayum cheythu.
vitharana lineukal nannakkaanum paripalikkaanum 300,000 vadakkan vietnaamees aavasyamullathinaal thekkan kalaapathilekkulla vitharanangal samanilayaakkikkond vadakkan viyatnaaminte bombakramanam athinte lakshyangal kaivarikkukayaanennu mcnamara avakaashappedunnu.
pathimoonnu yuu.ezz. thekkan viyatnaamiludaneelam helikopttarukal vedivechittathu innuvareyulla ettavum uyarnna dainamdina nashtamaanu, mccong delttayile onpathu ooppareshanukalil ulppede, naalu yuu.ezz. naavikar kollappedunnu.
ooppareshan kaikkooli allengil eiii. pii. mye aan yuddham, paavan regularukal shakthippeduthiya aaraamathe bataaliyan, royal australian rejimentum vii. sii. yum thammil phokku tyoo pravisyayil nadannu.
rvn 4-aamm rejiment, 2-aamm division, 4-aamm kavachitha kuthirappada schwadron, 21-umm 37-umm renchar battaaliyanukal, 1-umm 7-umm 8-umm airbone battaaliyanukal ennivar chernnaanu kwang engaay pravishyayile paavan 40-umm 21-umm rejimentinethire ooppareshan lyon kettu 81 nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 813 paavan kollappedaan kaaranamaayi.
ooppareshan alaa movana, eiii yuu.ezz. 25-aamm kaalaalppada division thirachilum naasha pravartthanavum 38 yuu nashtatthinu 382 paavan/vii. sii. kollappettu.ezz. kollappettu.
moonnaam nang bataaliyan (airbone), III corpsinte mike fozhsinte aadya kambani, boop campil ninnu pravartthikkunnu, paavan 12-aamm rejimentinte oru bataaliyan rund rvn nashtappettathinu 40 paavnukale konnu.
bernard bii. kwang tran pravishyayile theruvil naavikarude ooppareshan chinook II santhoshamillaathe nireekshikkunnathinidayil oru land mainil kaalukuthiya sesham veezhcha marichu.
yuu nadatthiya 82 divasathe sainika ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan junction sitti.ezz. oppam rvn. athaayirunnu ettavum valia yuu.ezz. randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathe ooppareshan maarkkat garden muthal vyomagathaagatham, vietnaam yudhathile eaka pradhana vyomagathaagathavum ettavum valia yuu. eiii. oo.ezz. vietnaam yudhathinte pravartthanangal. ooppareshan 2,728 paavan/vcyum 282 yuu. yum undaakki.ezz. kollappettu.
oru minittinullil 50 140 emm. emm. rokkattukalumaayi daa nang vyomathaavalathil pawan rokkatt akramanam nadatthi.
rahasya sanbarkkangal sthaapikkanamennu abhyarthichu bharthaavinu oru sandesham nalkunnathinaayi vii. sii. central kammitti amgam tran byoo keeminte bhaarya phaam thii yennine thekkan vietnaamees kastadiyilekku vittayakkaan sii. aii. eiii krameekarichu.
march.
vadakkupadinjaaran kwang tran pravishyayile laang veeyil rund usaf eph-4 faantamukal abadhathil bombit 100 graameenarengilum kollappettu.
roobert eph. yuu. esine suspended cheiyunnathu ulppede yuddham avasanippikkunnathinulla moonnu pooyint padhathi kenneddy roopappeduthi.ezz. vadakkan viyatnaamil bombakramanam nadathukayum oduvil thekkan viyatnaamil ninnu american, vadakkan vietnaamees sainikare pinvalikkukayum cheythu; eee padhathi stettu sekrattari deane rusk nirasichu, vadakkan vietnaam orikkalum ithu amgeekarikkillennu addeham vishwasichu.
qaan thonaduthulla vii. sii. jayil gaardukal 12 thekkan vietnaamees thadavukaare orumichu kettukayum vedivaykkukayum kuthiyum munnott pookunna arven sainyathil ninnu rakshappedukayum cheythathine thudarnnu gurutharamaayi parikketta rund thadavukaar rakshapettu; jeevanode rakshapetta iruvarum thonda murichittum jeevichu.
oru ratri raidle, phu yenn pravishyayile winn phuvil rund yuva charaduvela thozhilaallikale vii. sii vadhichu. thudarnnundaaya vedivayppil ezhu adhika coords team amgangal kollappedukayum naalu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
coode-neyim project dye-markerinu keezhil dii. emm. isad.-ll strong pooyint thadassam samvidaanam nirmmikkaan mcnamara utharavittu, allengil mcnamara line ennariyappedunnu.
roock thalasthaanavum onpathaam divisionukalum phu yenn pravishyayile avarude utharavaaditha mekhalakale bandhippikkunnathinaayi ooppareshan ooo jaak kyoo I nadatthi. ooppareshan 831 paavan/vii. sii. yum 23 rockum kollappettu.
eiii yuu.ezz. naavikasenayude vii. sii-47jeey. phaan raing vyomathaavalathin sameepam thakarnn 25 perum marichu.
dakshina vietnaamees assembly oru president, vais president, dvisabha niyamanirmmanasabha ennivayulla oru sivilian gavanmentinaayi oru puthiya bharanaghadana amgeekarichu.
ooppareshan prairi III, ore pravartthana mekhalayil ore senayodoppam ooppareshan prairi II-nte thudarchayaayirunnu. ooppareshan 252 pawan kollappedukayum naalu pere pidikoodukayum 56 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
jonson, mcnamara, rusk ennivar samsthaana medhavi enguen vaan thiyuvumaayum pradhaanamantri enguen cavo keyumaayum thanthraparamaaya charchakalkkaayi guwamil koodikkaazhcha nadatthi.
kova viyatt bessinu vadakkulla ooppareshan beekkan hill, bataaliyan landing team 1st bataaliyan, 4th marains ennivayil 29 naavikar kollappettathin 334 pawan kollappettu.
rund sii. aii. dii. jii kambanikal boopo campinu 10 kilometer kizhakkayi oru paavan kambaniye aakramichu, vyomaakramanathil 20 perr kollappedukayum 40 perr kollappedukayum cheythu. march 24nuu oru sii. aii. dii. jii kambaniyum oru mike fozhsu kambaniyum athe pradeshathu helibon akramanam nadathukayum taamasiyaathe rund paavan battaliyanukalumaayi ettumuttukayum cheythu. moonnu sii. aii. dii. jii kollappedukayum 13 sii. aii. dii. jii/mike kaanaathaavukayum cheythappol pawan nashtangal 98 perr kollappedukayum 170 perr vyomaakramanathil kollappedukayum cheythu.
rvn sainikarude kudumbangalude veedukalkku nere nadatthiya vii. sii. recoiless raifil vedivayppil thalasthaana nagariyaya back liu pravisyayil 200 veedukal thakarukayum 32 purushanmaarum sthreekalum kuttikalum kollappedukayum cheythu.
epril.
viyatnaamile milittari asisttans command-stadees aandu observations group kambodiyayil athirthi kadannulla rahasyaanveshana sramamaaya ooppareshan daniel boonn aarambhichu.
anchu dashalakshathiladhikam vottarmaarumaayi thekkan viyatnaamile 984 gramangalil grama thiranjeduppu nadannu.
athuvareyulla addehathinte ettavum sakthamaaya yudhavirudha prakhyapanam, martin luther king juuniyar" enna thalakkettilulla oru prasamgatthil. yuu. vimarshichu.ezz. newyork nagaratthile reverside palliyil nadanna oru sammelanathil viyatnaamil pankedukkuka.
oru shakthippeduthiya paavan rejiment nagaratthil ninnu pinmaarunnathinumbu 200 paavan/vii. sii thadavukaare jayilil ninnu mochippichu. aakramanathil 125 aarvnum naalu naavikarum kollappettu.
naalam kaalaalppada division, 173-aamm airbone brigade, rvn 23-aamm division, 42-aamm rejiment, plakeu, darlack, koonn thum pravisyakalil 22-aamm division ennivayaanu ooppareshan francis marian nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 1,530 pawan, 300 yuu ennivaykku kaaranamaayi.ezz. 100 rvn kollappettu.
jillayile onnaam kuthirappada divisionaaya randaam brigade aanu ooppareshan lejyoon nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 176 vii. sii kollappedukayum 127 pere pidikoodukayum cheythu.
thayland yuu anuvadichu.ezz. bii-52 bomberukal viyatnaamil thayland thaavalangalil ninnu bombing dauthyangal aarambikkum, aadya dauthyam yuu-tapavo royal thayland nevi airfieldil ninnu paratthum.
daa namginadutthulla luu soong kugramathil oru thekkan vietnaamees vinoda samghamaanu ratri reydinte lakshyam. team medhaviyum deputy amgavum kollappettu; rund team amgangalkku parikkettu.
20 yuu. ulla oru samgham.ezz. viyatnaamil yuddham avasaanippikkunnathinaayi spring mobilisation kammitti samghadippicha prakadanatthil kuranjathu 100,000 prathishedhakkaarude bhaagamaayi newyorkkile central parkkil ninnu aikyaraashtrasabhayude plaasayilekkulla oru paredinte munnirayil sainikar march cheythu, ithu american vettarans yudhavirudha prasthaanatthil cherunna oru puthiya sambhavavikaasathe adayaalappeduthunnu. aarr vettarans maarchinu sesham athe peril oru samghadana roopeekarikkum. pathittaandukalile ettavum valia samadhaanaprakshobham" ennu visheshippikkappetta manhattanil nadanna prakadanam naalu manikkoor neenduninnu.
biinn dhiin pravisyayil rund usaf eph-100 jettukal abadhathil bombit naalppathiyonnu rvn sainikar kollappedukayum 50 perkku gurutharamaayi parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
motham yuu. esinu 201,250 sainikare koodi aavasyamaanennu westmoreland jeey. sii. kalkk upadesham nalki.ezz. pavanil ninnulla bheeshani niyanthrikkunnathinum thanthraparamaaya munkaiyedukkunnathinum 671,616 sainikarude shakti.
saigoninte vadakkukizhakkan bhaagathulla sui choon kugramathe vii. sii akramikkukayum coords team amgangale kollukayum moonnu perkku parikkelppikkukayum ezhu pere thattikkondupokukayum cheythu; kollappettavaril moonnu perr penkuttikalaayirunnu, avarude kaikal thalayil vedivaykkunnathinu munbu purakil kettiyirunnu. kugramathile moonnilonnu veedukalum theepidutthatthil nashichu.
illa. ettu canbera bombarukalulla 2 schwadron raaf phaan rench vyoma thaavalathil ethi. 1971 juun vare avar thekkan vietnaam, lavos, cambodia ennividangalil bombakramanam nadatthi.
letherneck square ennariyappedunna koonn thiyenin chuttumulla pradeshathu moonnaam maraine divisionaanu ooppareshan prairy IV nadathiyathu.
moonnu vyathyastha yuu. kall chernnaanu origon task fozhsu roopeekarichathu.ezz. kaalaalppada brigedukalum kavachitha kuthirappada rejimentum. septambaril task fozhsine 23-aamath kaalaalppada division (american) aayi punarnirmmichu.
pavn randaam divisionumaayi edapazhakunnathinu onnaam maraine rejiment nadatthiya kyoo soonn thaazhvarayile oru thirachilum naasha douthyavumaayirunnu ooppareshan union. ooppareshan 865 pawan kollappedukayum 110 naavikar kollappedukayum rund pere kaanaathaavukayum cheythu.
yuu. ezz nadatthiya oru suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan baker.ezz. jillayile 25-aamm kaalaalppada division, 3-aamm brigade. ooppareshan 1,339 paavan/vcyum 97 yuu. yum undaakki.ezz. kollappettu.
hoow boow woods/benn keyy eriyayile onnum randum brigedukal, 25-aamm kaalaalppada division, 3-aamm brigade, 4-aamm kaalaalppada division ennivayaanu ooppareshan manhattan nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 74 vii. sii. kollappedaan kaaranamaayi.
westmorlaandinte abhyarthanaykku 2101,250 sainikare koodi anuvadikkukayum yuddham vadakkan vietnaam, lavos, cambodia ennividangalilekku vyaapippikkukayum cheyyanamo atho sainika vardhanavu reserve samaaharikkenda aavashyamillaatha oru thalatthilekku parimithappedutthanamo ennum 20-aamm samanthara vadakku bhaagathekku vadakkan viyatnaaminte bombing parimithappedutthanamo ennum avalokanam cheyyaan stettu under sekrattari nicolas catsenback utharavittu.
pawan yuu yum thammilulla oru yudhamaayirunnu malayora poraattangal.ezz. khey saan yudhathaavalathinu 881 vadakkum 881 thekkum 861 vadakkum kunnukalilulla naavikar. ooppareshan 940 pawan, 155 naavikar ennivar kollappettu.
westmoreland jeey. sii. ezz general earl veelarinte chairman jonsanumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi, yudhathinu adhika sainikare nalkaanum eee aavasyakatha niravettunnathinaayi karuthal shekharam samaharikkaanum jonson abhyarthichu, jonson eathu theerumaanavum edukkunnathu maattivachu.
westmoreland yunaittad stetts kongrasinte samyuktha sammelanathe abhisambodhana cheythu.
loka heviveyt boxing chaambyan mohammed alii yuu. esilekku yogyatha nedaanulla sathyaprathinja nirasichu.ezz. texasile hoosttanile oru induction sentaril shedule cheythathupole report cheytha sesham sainyam. athe divasam thanne loka boxing association aliyude boxing kireedam eduthukalayukayum 1970 vare veendum kireedatthinaayi malsarikkaan anuvadikkaathirikkukayum cheythu. juun 20 nuu alii draaft ozhivaakkalin shikshikkappedukayum 10,000 dollar pizha chumathukayum anchu varsham thadavinu shikshikkappedukayum cheyyum, ennaal shikshavidhi yuu. ezz. pii. pii. pii. pii. pii. sii. pii. sii. pii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii. sii.ezz. juun 28nuu supreme kodathi.
kyoo soonn thaazhvarayile vii. sii. thaavalangalkkethire onnaam bataaliyan, moonnaam naavikar ooppareshan beaver kej nadatthi. ooppareshan 181 vii. sii kollappedukayum 66 pere pidikoodukayum 55 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
meyy.
yudhathekkurichulla kaazhchappaadukalilum 1968leeii president thiranjeduppinu munnodiyaayi jonson bharanakoodatthe pinthunaykkano vendayo ennathilum republican party aazhathil bhinnichathaayi velippettu. republicanmaarude oru sarway chodichathu "janaadhipathya thettukal republican utharavaadithangalaano?"ningalude vishayathil raashtreeyam jalathinte arikilaanu avasaanikkendathu.ezz. eshyayile oru karayudhathil pankaalittham.
yudhathil, prathyekichu malayora poraattangalil, emm16 raifilinte vishwaasyathayekkurichulla paraathikaletthudarnnu, athinte vikasanam, charithram, vitharanam, paryapthatha enniva avalokanam cheiyunnathinaayi sayudha sevanangalekkurichulla house kammitti oru upasamithi roopeekarichu. propellant podiyile maattavum vrithiyaakkunnathinulla kuravukalum aayudhathile prashnangaludeyum mechappetta shucheekarana nadapadikramangaludeyum pradhana kaaranangalaanennum emm16eiii1-ll crome pooshiya chamber avatharippichathu vishwaasyathayude paraathikale marikadannuvennum upasamithiyude report kandethi.
paavan laang vee special fozhsu camp akramikkukayum special fozhsu commander executive offeesarum 20 sii. aii. dii. jii sainikarum kollappedukayum 39 pere kaanaathaavukayum cheythu; paavan nashtangal ezhu kollappettu.
hanoiyilum hyphongilum vimaananashtangal kuraykkunnathinu bombing 20-aamm samaanthararekhayil thazheyaayi parimithappedutthanamennu anthaaraashtra suraksha kaaryangalude asisttant sekrattari joonn maknauttan mcnamarayode shupaarsha cheythu.
binh thuy vyomathaavalathin nereyundaaya vii. sii. aakramanathil naalu aarr. vii. enn. eiii. eph. eiii-1echu skyriderukalum rund yuu. echu-34 vimaanangalum nashichu.
thekkan vadakkan viyatnaamile nuzhanjukayatta paathakalilekku bombakramanam kuraykkanamennu walt roostoo jonsaninodu shupaarsha cheythu.
sivil ooppareshans aandu revolutionary development support (coords) eiii yuu.ezz. dakshina vietnaamees samadhana paripadi roobert komarinte niyanthranathilaanu sthaapikkappettathu.
101-aamm vyomavibhagamaaya onnaam brigade nadatthiya sainika nadapadikalude oru parambarayaayirunnu ooppareshan malhyur I, ooppareshan malhyur II enniva. ooppareshan 869 paavan/vcyum 81 yuu. yum undaakki.ezz. kollappettu.
ezhu maig-17 vimanangal usaf jettukal vedivechittirunnu.
khey saan yudhathaavalathinu chuttum 26-aamath maraine rejimentaanu ooppareshan krokkatt nadathiyathu. ooppareshanil 111 pavanmaarum 34 naavikarum kollappettu.
vii. sii unitukale earppeduthunnathinum nuzhanjukayatta pathakal thadayunnathinum randaam brigade, 25-aamm kaalaalppada division ennivar hyungia, thaay ninh pravisyakalil nadatthiya oru thirachilum naasha pravarthanavumaayirunnu ooppareshan kooll kooll. ooppareshan 797 vii. sii kollappedukayum 159 pere pidikoodukayum 34 chiyu hoyiyum 158 yuu. yum cheythu.ezz. kollappettu.
kwang tinn, kwang tran pravisyakalil nadanna rund vyathyastha akramanangalil, vii. sii ettu coords team amgangale kollukayum anchu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
kwang engaay pravisyayil roock 2nd maraine brigade nadatthiya thirachilum nashavum aayirunnu ooppareshan thunder draagan. ooppareshan 147 paavan/vii. sii. yum 14 rokkukalum kollappettu.
150-ladhikam 140 emm rokkattukal dong haah yudhathaavalathil pathichu 11 naavikar kollappedukayum 91 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
letherneck squareil moonnaam maraine division nadatthiya thirachilum nashavum aayirunnu ooppareshan hickery. ooppareshan 362 pawan, 142 naavikar ennivar kollappedukayum muzhuvan sivilian janathayeyum neekkam cheyyukayum oru free fayar soonn srishtikkukayum cheythu.
hang, binh duwang pravisyakalil 25-aamm kaalaalppada division, 1-aamm brigade ennivar nadatthiya samadhana pravartthanamaayirunnu ooppareshan barking sands. ooppareshan 304 vii. sii. yilum 152 yuu. yilum kalaashichu.ezz. kollappettu.
jonsoninu ayacha oru memoyil, dakshina viyatnaamil vardhichuvarunna sainikarude ennathinethire, bombakramanam kuraykkanamennu mcnamara vaadichu, domino sidhaantham anaavashyamaayirunnu, kaaranam suharto indoneshya pidichadakkiyathinaal, pravarthanarahithamaaya dakshina vietnaamees samsthaanathinu orikkalum yuddham vijayikkaan kazhiyaathathinal yuddham jayikkanaavilla, athaayath amerikkakkaarkk varum pathittaandukalaayi viyatnaamil thudarendivarum.
yuu.ezz. naavikasenayude eph-8 crusader jettukal naalu maig-17 vimanangal vedivechittukonnu.
aarr maig-17 vimaanangalum maig-21 vimaanangalum usaf jettukal vedivechittirunnu.
southu karolinayile fort jaxonil ninnaan howard leviyude court marshell aarambhichath. levi enna sainika doctor thekkan viyatnaamilekkulla yaathraamadhye green berettu medikkukale parisheelippikkanulla utharavukal nirasichu. levi kuttakkaaranaanennu vidhikkukayum fort leevanvarthil moonnu varsham thadavinu shikshikkukayum cheythu.
thudarchayaaya bombaakramanathinu pakaramaayi 20 meyy enna apekshaykku marupadiyaayi, 201,250 sainikarkkayulla westmorlaandinte muun abhyarthanaye pinthunaykkunna memoraandukal jessy puratthirakki, koodaathe hyphong thuramukham khananam cheyyaanum chainayil ninnulla gathagatha pathakal bombit nasippikkaanum aavasyappettu.
biyan hova pravishyayile phu thaanile information offeesarum addehathinte rund kuttikalum avarude veettilekku grenadeukal erinjukondu kollappettu.
anchaam maraine rejiment nadatthiya kyoo soonn thaazhvarayile oru thirachilum naasha douthyavumaayirunnu ooppareshan union II. ooppareshan 594 pawan kollappedukayum 23 pere pidikoodukayum 110 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
"time" magazin yudhathil aafrikkan-american pankaalitthatthe profile cheiyunna "dhii neegro inn vietnaam" enna oru cover stori prasidheekarichu, ithu aafrikkan-american-velutha yuddha sainikarude anupatham american aikyanaadukale apekshichu erattiyaanennu avakashappettu.ezz. mothatthilulla janasamkhya, avarude poratta marananirakk kooduthalaayathinaal aafrikkan-american udyogastharude ennam aanupaathikamaayi kuravaayirunnu.
binh dhann pravisyayil onnaam kuthirappada division nadatthiya oru suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan dragnet. ooppareshan 223 vii. sii. yum 12 yuu. yum undaakki.ezz. kollappettu.
anthaaraashtra niyanthrana commissionile oru hotel housing amgangale pottitherippikkaan hyooyile perfume nadiyil ninnu visi frogmen puratthuvannu. anchu thekkan vietnaamees pouranmaar kollappedukayum 15 perkku parikkelkkukayum hotel 80 sathamaanavum nasippikkukayum cheythu.
lockheed eiii-12 jettukal vadakkan viyatnaamile uparithala-tuu-eyar misail (saam) saittukalude aadyathe usaf "black sheeled" rahasyaanveshana sarway nadannu. okinaavayile kadena vyomathaavalathil ninnu parannuyarnna vimanam indhanam nirachu hyphong, hanoi, dian biyan phu ennivaykku mukaliloode parannuyarnnu, thaaylandin mukaliloode veendum indhanam nirachu, thudarnnu dii. emm. isadinu mukalilulla pradeshathinu mukaliloode parannu, ariyappedunna 190 saam thaavalangalil 70 ennathinte photoyedutthu.
yuu-yill nirddishta mattangal varuthiyathayi paranju jonson nalkia 19 meyy memo jessy nirasichu.ezz. nayam ningale durbalappeduthum.ezz. dakshina viyatnaamile pankaalitthavum yuu. esumaayulla vishwaasyathayum.ezz. sakhyakakshikal.
juun.
qaan geok jillayil mobail reverine fozhsaanu ooppareshan coronado nadathiyathu. sasthrakriya 50 yuu. yill kalaashichu.ezz. ekadesham 170 vii. sii. kollappettu.
usaf eph-105 jettukal vadakkan vietnaamees thuramukhamaaya kaam phaa akramikkukayum turkistan enna soviyatt kappal thuramukhathu irikkumbol peeranki akramanam nadathukayum cheythu. soviyatt vyaapaari navikanaaya nikkolaay raibachukku kollappedukayum aarr perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. thurkkisthaanil idichathaayi america aadyam nishedhichuvenkilum 16 divasathinu sesham soviyatt kappalin eph-105 jettukalil ninnulla peeranki akramanam undayathaayi sammathichu.
kizhakkan lavosile paavante "ooskaar ettu" thaavalam oru makvi-sog "haachatt fozhsu" aakramichu. 6 yuu upayogichu sog fozhsu pinwangi.ezz. 40 ladhikam perr kollappedukayum kaanaathaavukayum rund vimaanangalum naalu helikopttarukalum vedivachu veezhthukayum cheythu.
"eee yuddham vijayikkappedukayilla, nyayamaaya oru kanakkanusarichu, bhaviyil athu vijayikkappedukayumilla" ennu "eee yuddham vijayikkaanaavaathathaakam" enna thalakkettil washington poost ward bye ward oru lekhanam prasidheekarichu... athu jayikkan kazhiyaathathaakaam."
onnaam brigade, onpathaam kaalaalppada division, onnum moonnum schwadronukal, 11-aamm kavachitha kuthirappada rejiment, haatt duchill rvn 18-aamm division ennivayaanu ooppareshan akron nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 412 pawan, 9 yuu ennivaykku kaaranamaayi.ezz. 51 rvn kollappettu.
plakeuk nereyundaaya rund paavan mortar akramanangalil 27 perr kollappettu, avaril bhooribhaagavum oru coord pasifikkeshan schoolil padikkunna montagnaardukalaanu.
yuu. ezz nadatthiya thirachilum nashavum aayirunnu ooppareshan billingukal.ezz. 3rd brigade, fockwinninu vadakkulla 1st kaalaalppada division. ooppareshan 347 vii. sii kollappedukayum oraal pidikkappedukayum 57 yuu.ezz. kollappettu.
mccong delttayile chaak pravishyayile rund graamangale vii. sii akramikkukayum 19 saadhaaranakkaar kollappedukayum 41 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. rvn 202 vii. sii kollukayum mccong deltayil 19 pere pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
mcnamara vietnaam stadi task fozhsine niyogichu, athinte anthima report pinneedu "pentagon pepparukal" ennariyappettu.
camp radcliffil ninnu take oof cheiyunnathinide usaf sii-130bii thakarnn 35 perr marichu.
hoyi aante thekkukizhakkayi moonnaam navikasenayaya blait 2nd battaliyanaanu ooppareshan beekkan torch/kaalhoun nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 86 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum 13 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
yuu nadatthiya oru ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan konkordiya.ezz. rvn shakthikalumayi samyojichu mobail reverine fozhsu (emrf). ooppareshan 255 vii. sii. yilum 46 yuu. yilum kalaashichu.ezz. kollappettu.
koonn thum pravishyayile dack toow bays campinu sameepam 1388-leeii kunnin mukalilulla 503-aamath kaalaalppada rejimentum paavan yoonittukalum thammilaan charivukalude yuddham nadannathu. sasthrakriya 79 yuu. yill kalaashichu.ezz. koodaathe 106-475 pavn kollappettathayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
glassboro uchakodiyil johnson kosiginum yudhathekkurichu charcha cheythu.
camp rainiyarinu nereyundaaya vii. sii. mortar aakramanathil 188-aamath aakramana helikopttar kambaniyude 29 yuu. echu.-1 helikopttarukal pravartthanarahithamaayi. 
laay kheikku thekkukizhakkayi binh duong pravisyayil buzz oru vii. sii khaniyil idichukayattathil irupathimoonnu saadhaaranakkaar kollappettu.
sayudha senayude kaunsil thiyuvine president sthaanaarthiyaayum varaanirikkunna president thiranjeduppil kiyaye vais president sthaanaarthiyaayum thiranjedukkaan theerumaanichu.
yuu. esil niravadhi apakadangalkkum kaanathaakunnathinum sesham.ezz. thekkan viyatnaamilum ellah maraine ch-46dii zee naittukalum juun 30 nuu nilamparisaakki, ennirunnaalum ch-46eiii parakkunnath thudarnnu. august 31 nuu vaidyasahaayathodeyulla ozhippikkal dauthyathil oru ch-46eiii athil undaayirunna ellaavareyum kollukayum aakaashat thakarukayum cheythu. adutha divasam mattoru ch-46eiii marble parvatha eyar fesilittiyil samanamaaya oru sambhavam anubhavapettu, ithu adiyanthara saahacharyangal ozhikeyulla ellaavarkkum eee tharam nilamparisaakkunnathinum maraine airlift sheshi pakuthiyaayi kuraykkunnathinum kaaranamaayi. oru samyuktha naavika vyoma samvidaana command/boying vertol apakada anweshana samgham nadatthiya anweshanathil pinn pailaninte pradeshathu gadanaaparamaaya parajayangal sambhavikkunnathayi velippeduthi, athinte falamaayi pinn rotter parakkumbol keerukayum munbathe niravadhi nashtangalkku kaaranamavukayum cheythirikkaam. pinn rotter moundu shakthippeduthunnathinum vimaanathinte nirnaayaka bhaagangalil amithamaya sammarddam kandethunnathinayi oru indikkettar sthaapikkunnathinum gadanaaparavum sisttam parishkkaranangalum team shupaarsha cheythu. parishkaricha ch-46kall 1967 desemberil sevanathilekku madangaan thudangi, 1968 februvariyode ellaam sevanathilekku madangi.
juulai.
yuu.ezz. ambasseder elsworth bunker pathaamatthe faittar schwadroninte (commando) 20 eph-5ekal biyan hova eyar basil kinnu sammaanichu. iva aarvnfinte aadyathe jettu faittar schwadron roopeekarikkum.
koonn thiyeninte vadakkukizhakkaayi dii. emm. isadinte thekk pakuthiyil nadanna oru pradhana ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan pothu. juulai 2 nuu paavan 90-aamm rejiment onnaam bataaliyan onpathaam naavikare aakramichu, naavikar 84 perr kollappedukayum 190 perkku parikkelkkukayum 9 pere kaanaathaavukayum cheythu, ithu viyatnaamile naavikark ettavum valia ekadina nashtamaayi.
1968ll thekkan viyatnaamil nadakkunna pothu aakramanathinum kalapathinumulla padhathikalkku vadakkan vietnaamees poolit beuro amgeekaaram nalki. thekkan viyatnaaminte kendra oafees kamaandaraaya enguen chii thaan hanoyil hridayaaghaatham moolam marichu, thaante sakhyakakshiyaya party nethaavaaya leeii duguganinu ethiraaya aabhyanthara attimariyude bhaagamaayi vyomaakramanathilo voo enguen giapile sakhyakakshikalude visham nalkunnathilo murivukal anubhavapettu.
usaf mejar general vilyam jeey. crum, addeham sanjarichirunna bii-52 bomber dakshina chaina kadalil mattoru bii-52-maayi koottiyidichu aarr perr marichu. yudhathil usfl kollappettavaril ettavum uyarnna raankulla aalaayirunnu crum.
thuy hoyk sameepam pavn/visi nuzhanjukayattam thadayunnathinulla vietnaam yudhathile ettavum valia dakshina corian ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan hong kill dong. ooppareshan 638 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum 88 pere pidikoodukayum 26 koreakkaar kollappedukayum cheythu.
naalaamathe battaliyanaaya 503-aamath vyomasena dack toik sameepam "doock laap" rejimentinte paavan keey-101dii bataaliyan aakramichu, 26 perr kollappedukayum aarr paavan maathram kollappedukayum cheythu.
oru lokkinte kizhakk tanhun thaavalathil paavan 141-aamm rejimentinte akramanam rvn thirichadichu, 15 perude nashtatthil 116 paavan kollappettu.
thaii niin pravishyayile 25-aamm kaalaalppada divisionile 3-aamm brigade aanu ooppareshan diamond head nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 136 pawan, 35 yuu ennivaykku kaaranamaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
onnaam bataaliyan, moonnaam mareenukal, randaam bataaliyan, moonnaam mareenukal, onnaam bataaliyan, naalam mareenukal, randaam bataaliyan, naalam mareenukal, moonnaam bataaliyan, hyuuvinu padinjaaru 26 naavikar ennivaraanu ooppareshan fremond nadathiyathu. ooppareshan falamaayi 123 paavan/vii. sii. yum 17 naavikarum kollappettu.
saigon, mcnamara, westmoreland, wheeler ennividangalil nadanna oru yogathil 525,000 sainikarude paridhi amgeekarichu, athu aaa divasam thanne jonson amgeekarichu.
campinu thekk nadanna ettumuttalil naalam kaalaalppada divisionil ninnulla 35 sainikar pawan kollappettu.
oru hyuu restorantil undaaya spodanathil rund vietnaamees pouranmaar marichu. panthrand vietnaamees, ezhu amerikkakkar, oru philipino ennivarkku parikkettu.
daa nang vyomathaavalathil nadanna oru paavan rokkatt aakramanathil 50 122 emm rokkattukal 10 vimaanangalum baarakkukalum oru bomb dump nasippikkukayum 40 vimaanagalkk kedupaadukal varuthukayum ettu amerikkakkar kollappedukayum 176 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
rvn unifom dharicha vii. sii. hoyi aanile oru jayil pidichedutthu, 1,200 thadavukaaril 1,000 pere mochippichu; avar 30 pere jayil muttathu vadhichu. vii. sii pradeshathu ninnu purathupokaanulla pooraattatthil patthu saadhaaranakkaar kollappedukayum 29 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
letherneck squarinte padinjaaran bhaagath nadanna oru moonnaam maraine division ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan kingfisher. ooppareshan 1,117 pawan kollappedukayum anchu pere pidikoodukayum 340 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
604-aamath eyar commando schwadron biyan hova eyar basil eiii-37eiii dragonfly poratta pareekshanamaayirunnu "combatt draagan" enna padhathi.
gia taann muthal laa nanga nadhi vareyulla root 20-ll nadanna 11-aamath kavachitha kuthirappada rejiment land clearing ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan emporia. 11-aamm ekkar vii. sii 275-aamm rejimentum vii. sii. dong hayy rejimentinte onnaam battaliyanum athikramichu kayari. shasthrakriyayude falamaayi 96 vii. sii. yum 14 yuu. yum undaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
1967leeii detroit kalapam nadannu. 24-aamm theeyathi ratri jonson sainyathe vinyasikkaan utharavittu, kramasamadhanam punasthaapikkaan 82-umm 101-umm airbone unitukale nagaratthilekku ayachu.
paavan 32-aamm rejimentinte oru bataaliyan dack campinu thekk naalam kaalaalppada division patrolling aakramichu. patrolling pinmari peerankikalum vyoma pinthunayum vilichuvaruthi 124 pawan kollukayum 19 perude nashtatthinu ettu pere pidikoodukayum cheythu.
deerghakaalamaayi pravisyayaaya binh triuvile veedukalil prathyakshappetta vii. sii naalu purushanmareyum oru sthriyeyum sthreeyude 16 vayassulla makaneyum thattikkondupoyi. pittennu raavile haiway 13ll kaikal purakil kettiya nilayil thalaykku vediyetta nilayil aarupereyum kandethi.
mccong delttayile vii. sii. shakthikendrangal adachupoottaanulla shramathil emm. aarr. eph, aarr. vii. enn unitukal ooppareshan coronado II nadatthi. ooppareshan 73 vii. sii kollappedukayum 68 pere pidikoodukayum 9 yuu.ezz. kollappettu.
tonkin ulkkadalil pravartthikkunna yuu. ezz. forrestalil undaaya theepidutthatthil 134 naavikar kollappedukayum 21 vimanangal nasippikkukayum cheythu.
1967leeii karupp yudhathil 16 tonn karupp vahikkunna shahn aikya viplava sainyathinte neethrthwathilulla oru kovarkazhutha train khovaan nirodhikkan lavosylake kadannukayariyappol chainees desheeyavaadikalude moonnaamatheyum anchaamatheyum sainyathil ninnulla athiraalikalaaya mayakkumarunnu kallakkadathukaar avare aakramichu. kayattumathi cheyyaan uddeshichirunna royal lavo armi general oovaan raattikon, yudhakkalathil padayottam nadathunnathinaayi sainyavumayi neengumbol irubhaagathum bomb spodanam nadatthi, 82 shahn 70 desheeyavaadikalum kollappedukayum karupp svanthamaayi pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
oru gallup sarveyil 52 sathamaanam yuu. eiii. yuu aanennu kaanichu.ezz. 56 sathamaanam perum yuu. ezz aanennu karuthiya jonson yuddham kaikaaryam cheythathine pothujanangal amgeekarichilla.ezz. nilam nashtappedukayo nilachupokukayo cheythappol 42 sathamaanam perr thekkan viyatnaamilekku sainyathe ayachathu thettaanenn karuthi.
1964 januvari muthal "punaravalokana virudha party" thinte thudarchayaayi hanoyil "party virudha" raajyadrohikalude arasttukalude oru parambara nadannu. hong miin chinnum mattullavarum partikkethire goodaalochana nadathukayum peru velippeduthaatha oru videsha shakthiykk, orupakshe soviyatt union vivarangal nalkukayum cheythathayi aaropikkapettu. october 18nuu randaam taranga arasttukalum 1967 desemberil moonnaam tharamgavum nadannu. arasttukal phalapradamaayi vogyan giyaapinte sakhyakakshikaleyum leeii duvaakkinte neethrthwathinethireyulla athiraalikaleyum neekkam cheythu.
august.
yuu.ezz. compodian sarkkar yuu nirasichathaayi stettu department report cheythu.ezz. compodian pradeshatthinte paavan upayogam thadayukayenna lakshyathode charchakalkkulla nirddesham.
rund yuu.ezz. mccong delttayile phuvin graamatthil ninnu vanna helikopttar ganshippukal thekke vietnaamees pouranmaaraaya 40 pere vadhichu.
origon task fozhsu, roock 2nd maraine brigade, kwang engaay pravishyayile rvn renchar bataaliyan ennivar nadatthiya oru ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan hood rivar. ooppareshan 166 pawan, 21 yuu ennivaykku kaaranamaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
1968leeii nikuthi varshathil vyakthigatha, korpparettu aadaayanikuthikal 10 sathamaanam thaalkkaalikamaayi vardhippikkaan jonson kongrasinodu aavasyappedukayum 1968 juun 30nuu munbu vietnaam yudhathil poraadaan 45,000 american sainikare koodi ayaykkaan thaan amgeekaaram nalkiyathaayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.ezz. thekkan viyatnaamile udyogastharude ennam 525,000 aayi.
7-aamm bataaliyan, royal australian rejiment, haatt duchill vii. sii 274-aamm rejiment enniva thammil nadanna yudhamaanu suyoy chau phaa. yudhathil ezhu vii. sii. kollappedukayum 33 perr kollappedukayum aarr australiyakkaar kollappedukayum cheythu.
"dhii newyork times" aarr ezhuthiya oru lekhanam prasidheekarichu. dablyu. apple juuniyar. viyatnaam sthambhanathinte adayaalangal" enna thalakkett."katha oraale udharichu.ezz. general (pinneedu lefttanant general frederic weynd aanennu velippeduthi) paranju, "njaan moonnu thavana division nashippichu."
vii. sii anchu yuu vedivechu.ezz. brigadier general joonn eph. parikkelppicha saigonil ninnu saigon nadiyil ooppareshan fairfaxine pinthunaykkunna helikopttarukal. frond.
upasamithi anweshikkunna senatt thayyaareduppu samgham yudhathinte nadathippinekkurichu vaadam kelkkaan thudangi. thangal sivilian neethrthwathinte anaavashya niyanthranangalkk vidheyaraanennu sainika nethaakkal saakshyappeduthukayum bombakramanam phalapradamallennu mcnamara saakshyappeduthukayum cheythu.
vadakku bombing nadathunnathinulla niyanthranangal jonson neekkam cheiyunnathuvare dakshina viyatnaamilekku kooduthal sainikare ayaykkaruthenn republican house nyoonapaksha nethaavu jerald foord paranju.
hanoiyile neelamulla beyne paalathe yuu aakramichu.ezz. faittar-bomberukal sentar spaane nasippikkunnu.
kyoo sanninu kizhakkayi blait 1/3 naavikaraan ooppareshan kochis nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 59 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum 65 pere pidikoodukayum cheythu, samudra nashtam ombathu perr kollappettu.
kwang tinn pravishyayile 101-aamath airbone division, 1-aamath brigade, paavan bays eriya 117-nuu ethire ooppareshan benton nadatthi. ooppareshan 503 pavinum 45 yuu-yilum kalaashichu.ezz. kollappettu.
deseeya police medhavi general enguen engock loonn ningale kaanaan pookunna rund vii. sii pravartthakare arast cheyyaan utharavittu.ezz. buttercup" enna coode naamamulla oru rahasya samrambhathinte bhaagamaayi embassy prathinidhikal. atharam "pinvaathilile" edapaadinethiraaya vaaypayude nilayum vii. sii. charchakkaaril oraale mochippikkunathinulla addehathinte ethirppum amerikkakkaare prakopippikkukayum taanum dakshina vietnamese avarude raajyam ulppedunna nayatantra edapaadukalekkurichu nannayi ariyikkaan avare nirbandhikkukayum cheythu.
long aan, goo kong, keane hoow pravisyakalil visikkethiraaya emrf ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan coronado IV. ooppareshan 59 vii. sii. kollappedaan kaaranamaayi.
vadakkan viyatnaamil akramanam nadatthaan shramicha rund yunaittad stetts naavikasenayude eiii-6eiii nuzhanjukayatta jettukal chainees vyomaathirthiyilekku vazhithetti veenu. lefttanant roobert jeey. 1973 march 15 vare fline oru chainees thadavukaaranaayi thudarnnu.
vii. pii. eiii. eph interceptarukal moonnu usaf eph-4dikal vedivechu.
keane hova pravishyayile vii. sii. khaniyil buzz idichu irupathirandu thekkan vietnaamees pouranmaar marikkukayum aarr perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
presidential, senatt thiranjeduppukalkku orazhcha munbu, vii. sii. qaan thonil oru recayless raifilum mortar aakramanavum nadatthi, 46 perr kollappedukayum 227 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. phokku long pravisyayil oru coords teaminu nereyundaaya aakramanathil patthu saadhaaranakkaar kollappedukayum patthu perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. baann mii thuyottinu thekkukizhakkayi vii. sii. mortar vediveppil anchu kuttikaladakkam pathinaalu saadhaaranakkaarkku parikkettu. biinn long pravishyayile oru kugramathinu nereyundaaya aakramanathil rund saadhaaranakkaar kollappedukayum oraalkk parikkelkkukayum cheythu. thia thiin pravishyayile fuooku hung graamatthil ninnu aarr saadhaaranakkaare thattikkondupoyi. oru vii. sii bataaliyan oru yuu. yeei marikadannu aakramichu.ezz. naavika medical komboundu, onpathu vii. sii. yude nashtatthinu oru navikasena corpsman kollappettu, aakramanathil 60 ladhikam thekkan vietnaamees pouranmaarum kollappedukayo parikkelkkukayo cheythu. hooy aansinu chuttumulla thaavalangalil nadanna vii. sii akramanangalil 17 aarr. vii. enn. kollappettu.
dong haah yudhathaavalathil nadanna paavan rokkatt aakramanathil moonnu naavikar kollappettu. marble parvatha vyomakendrathinu nereyundaaya paavan/visi rokkatt aakramanathil naalu naavikar kollappettu.
aadyathe aarr aaa-1 naagangal yuu. esinte poratta parishodhanaykkaayi biyan hova vyoma thaavalathil athunnu.ezz. armi cobra puthiya upakarana pariseelana team.
vii. sii. kwang engaay pravishyayile oru jayil aakramich 1,200 thadavukaare mochippichu, ennirunnaalum 400 pere taamasiyaathe thirichupidichu.
phu baayi yudhathaavalathinu nereyundaaya paavan mortar aakramanathil 13 helicopterukalkku kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum rund seabykal kollappedukayum 32 navikarkkum seabykalkkum parikkelkkukayum cheythu. aduthulla pariseelana kendratthile sikttin arven aakramanathil kollappettu.
vadakkan viyatnaamile bombaakramanathinulla niyanthranangal upekshikkanum hyphong thuramukham adachupoottaanum senatt thayyaareduppu upasamithi anweshikkunna senatt thayyaareduppu jonsaninodu abhyarthichu.
septambar.
dinh tuwong pravishyayile deseeya roottil 4-aamm nambaril aarr garthangal vii. sii. sphodakavasthukkal pottitherichu, oru presher khaniyil idicha rvn ambulance buzz ozhikeyulla ellah vahana gathagathavum nirtthi, 13 yaathrakkaar kollappedukayum 23 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
1967 leeii dakshina vietnaam president thiranjeduppil, thiu dakshina viyatnaaminte presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu, kii addehathinte sahayaathrikanaayi.
thuy hoyil votteduppu aarambhichathin thottupinnaale vii. sii oru polling sthalathu olippicha bomb pottitherichu. moonnu watermar kollappedukayum 42 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. thiranjeduppu prabhatha akramanangalil deerghadoora shellingukal ulppede 48 perr kollappettu.
dong haah yudhathaavalathil nadanna oru paavan rokkatt akramanam vedikkoppukalude kuppiyilum indhana sambharana kendratthilum idichu, ithu oru valia spodanathinu kaaranamavukayum 17 helicopterukalkku kedupaadukal sambharikkukayum 77 naavikark parikkelkkukayum cheythu. 
general jorjju senef pailat cheytha oru aahu-1 naagam eee tharatthilulla aadyathe poraattam nadatthi, oru sampan mukki myook hovayk sameepam naalu visikale konnu.
republican presidential naamanirddeshathinulla pramukha malsaraarthiyaaya mishigan govarnor jorjju romney, yuu thanne "brainwash" cheythathayi paranju.ezz. 1965ll dakshina vietnaam sandarshanathil yudhathe pinthunaykkaan sainika nethaakkal. prasthavana vimarsanangal kshanichuvaruthukayum jonson bharanakoodam "vietnaam yudhathekkurichum nammude aabhyanthara, videsha kaaryangalil athinte poornnamaaya swaadheenathekkurichum american janataye ariyunnathil ninnu thadanjuvennu prasthaavichu romney athine pinthirippikkaan sramikkukayum cheythu."
onnaam maraine division nadatthiya kyoon thaazhvarayile oru thirachilum naasha douthyavumaayirunnu ooppareshan swift. 1967 septambar 4 nuu aarambhicha thudarnnulla yudhangal 600 paavan kollappedukayum 127 yuu kollappedukayum cheythu.ezz. 28 rvn kollappettu.
batangan upadveepil dakshina corian 2nd maraine brigade aanu ooppareshan draagan fayar nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 541 vii. sii. yum 46 koriyakkaarum kollappettu.
yuu" ennathinu nalkia abhimukhathil.ezz. varthayum loka report "yuu.ezz. sainika medaaviyaaya general harold keytt jonson prasthaavichathu, "sainikavalkkarikkappett mekhalaykku thekk, thekkan viyatnaaminte ettavum vadakke attathulla rund pravishyakale ningal ozhivaakkukayaanenkil, shathruvinte pradhana sakthikal ithinakam thanne valia thothil thakarnnittundennu ningal kandethunnu... avarkk inii sthiravum aasoothrithavumaaya shakthippeduthalinte sheshiyundennu njaan vishwasikkunnilla."
septambar 25 nuu 1,200 roundukalude kodumudiyode pawan peeranki koonn thiyenil bombitan thudangunnu. 1967 septambar 11nuu bombaakramanatthinte aadya drishyangal cbs nyoos prakshepanam cheythu. 1967 october 6 lakkathinte puramchattayil "time" enna vaartha ulppeduthiyirunnu. koonn thiyanile naavikarude david dougless dankante phottokal 1967 october 27 leeii life maasikayude lakkathil ulppeduthiyittundu. october 1 nuu cbs nyoos mike valas aathidheyathvam vahicha "dhii etrimelity oof koonn tian" enna prathyeka report prakshepanam cheythu, athil feeldil ninnulla foottejukalum abhimukhangalum ulppedunnu.
101-aamath airbone division 1-aamath kuthirappada division nadatthiya oru ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan wheeler/valova, thudarnnu kramena hype dack distrikt-kyun thaazhvarayile 23-aamath kaalaalppada (american) division etteduthu. ooppareshan 3,300 pawan, 200 yuu ennivaykku kaaranamaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
deseeya esttimettu offeesile vishakalana vidagdhar thayyarakkiya "viyatnaamile prathikoola phalatthinte prathyaaghaathangal" enna thalakkettilulla oru classified report sii. aii. eiii director richard helms jonson avatharippichu. vishakalanam anusarichu, "yuu. esinte samboornna sainika, rashtreeya thakarchayude falamaayi parajayam undaakilla.ezz. viyatnaamile sramam, ennaal samadhana othutheerppil ninnu undaakunna othutheerppu parihaaratthil ninnu parinamikkum... vietnaamees communistukalkku prayojanappeduthunnathi ". koodaathe, sthiramaaya naashanashtangal undaakumenn sii. aii. eiii jonsaninodu paranju... anthaaraashtra thalatthil american ikyanaadukalkku, "yuu. asinullile aabhyanthara viyojip.ezz. thekkukizhakkan eshyayile mattu communist ithara raajyangalude asthirathayum.
padinjaaran jarmman ashupatri kappalaya emvi "helgoland" saigonil ninnu danangilekku maarukayum 1971 desember 31 vare sivilian rogikale chikilsikkukayum athinu pakaram 170 kidakkakalulla oru puthiya ashupatri theerathu sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
vii. sii. 263-aamm pradhana seena bataaliyan pankedukkunnathinaayi danh thung pravisyayil nadanna oru emrf/rvn ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan coronado vii. shasthrakriyayude falamaayi 376 vii. sii. yum 23 yuu. yum undaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
radio hanoi voo enguin giyaapinte lekhanamaaya "bigg victory, gaint task" vaayikkukayum vadakkan vietnaamees yudhathil vijayam nedunnathu addeham engane kanduvennu vivarikkukayum cheythu.
hoow boow vanathile vii. sii bays eriyakalkkethire 25-aamm kaalaalppada division, 1-aamm brigade aanu ooppareshan kunia nadathiyathu. shasthrakriyayude falamaayi 105 vii. sii. yum 40 yuu. yum undaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
royal thaay volunteer rejiment thekkan viyatnaamil athinte vinyaasam aarambhichu.
phu yenn pravisyayil 503-aamath kaalaalppada rejiment nadatthiya thirachilum nashavum suraksha pravarthanavumaayirunnu ooppareshan bolling. ooppareshan 683 pawan kollappedukayum 59 pere pidikoodukayum 67 yuu.ezz. kollappettu.
vietnaam yuddha nayathecholli canada aadyamaayi americayumaayi pirinju, videshakaarya mantri pooll martin aikyaraashtrasabhayude pothusabhaye abhisambodhana cheythappol, yuu.ezz. vadakkan viyatnaamil bombakramanam nirupaadhikamaayi nirthuka. "bombakramanam nirtthiyillengil irupakshavum thammilulla charchakal nadathaanulla ellah sramangalum parajayappedum", martin paranju."
dakshina viyatnaamil sainika vijayam saadhyamaanennu vishwasikkaan johnsone "sainika-vyaavasaayika samuchayam" "braine vaash" cheythathayi republican senattar thrasttan ballard morttan paranju.
texacil saan antoniyoyil nadanna deseeya niyamanirmmaana sammelanathil samsaaricha president jonson thante sadassinode vietnaam yuddham avasaanippikkunnathinekku charcha cheyyaan "naale hoow chii miin, mattu raashtrathalavanmaar ennivarumaayi samsarikkaan njaan thayyaaraan" ennu paranju, ennaal athu "phalapradamaaya charchayilekku udanadi nayikkumennu" vishwasichaal maathrame bombakramanam udan nirtthukayulloo ennum "athu hanoiyude thiranjeduppaanennum" paranju."prasamgatthil neratthe, jonson thudarchayaaya poraattatthinulla kaaranagal nalkki" communist shakthiyude aadipathyamulla thekkukizhakkan eshya oru moonnaam lokamahaayudhathe bhayanakamaaya yaadhaarthyathilekku konduvarumennu enikku ningalodu urappode parayaan kazhiyilla ", addeham paranju," ennaal eee daarunamaaya noottaandil nammal padichathellaam athu anganeyayirikkumennu shakthamayi soochippikkunnu. american aikyanaadukalude president enna nilayil, anganeyallengil choothaadaan njaan thayyaaralla... viyatnaamil eee poraattam ippol kaanunnathiloode, oru valia yudhathinulla saadhyatha naam kuraykkunnundennu enikku bodhyamundu-orupakshe aanavayudham."samaadhaanathinaayulla" "saan antonio formula" "ennu vilikkappedunnava pinneedu vadakkan vietnaamees sarkkar nirsikkum".
puthiya yuu.ezz. saigonil embassy thurannu.
haiway 13ll onnaam kaalaalppada division rvn sena nadatthiya suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan shenandoh II. ooppareshan 956 paavan/visiyil kollappettu.
october.
charchakalude aadyapadiyaayi republican senattar joonn sherman kooppar vadakkan viyatnaamil bombakramanam nirthaan jonson bharanakoodathodu abhyarthichu, janaadhipathya senattar stuvartt simmington yuu. esinode aavasyappettu.ezz. thekkan viyatnaamile ellah sainika nadapadikalum nirthukayum saigon sarkkaarine vii. sii. yumayi charchakalilekku nayikkukayum cheyyuka. demookratik senattar gail dablyu. jonson bharanakoodatthinte sameepanathe mcgee prathirodhichu, republican senattar thomas kuchal nirupaadhikamaaya bombakramanam nirthunnathu vadakkan viyatnaamine sahaayikkumenn paranju.
yuu.ezz. bomberukal chainaykku sameepam vadakkan viyatnaamile lakshyangal akramikkukayum, loock dhiin haiway paalam, athirthiyil ninnulla bavo dang haiway paalam, vadakkan viyatnaamilekkulla vadakke attathulla haah thuvok railway yardukal ennivayil idikkukayum cheythu.
moonnaam brigade, onnaam kuthirappada division ooppareshan valova aarambhichu, athu november 11 nuu ooppareshan veelaraayi madakkum.
yuu.ezz. armi 334-aamath assault helikopttar kambani thekkan viyatnaamile aadyathe pravarthanakshamamaaya eiii. eiii. echu-1 cobra ganshipp unitaayi maari.
phu baayi yudhathaavalathinu 24 kilometer thekk parvathatthil thakarnnuveenu usaf sii-130 vimaanathilundaayirunna 23 perum marichu.
haang jillayil moonnaam maraine division nadatthiya thirachilum nashavum aayirunnu ooppareshan madeena. ooppareshan 53 paavan kollappedukayum moonnu pere pidikoodukayum 34 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
vestten II corpsil naalaamathe kaalaalppada division 173-aamath airbone brigade nadatthiya ooppareshan mccarther. shasthrakriyayude phalam 5,731 paavan/vii. sii. yum 955 yuu. yuu. yum aanu.ezz. kollappettu.
yuu.ezz. naavikasenayude vimanangal hyphongile thuramukha soukaryangal aakramichu. reydukal thuramukhathinu kedupaadukalonnumillatha oru ashupatri nasippichathaayi idathupaksha pathrapravartthakanaaya wilfred barshett avakaashappedukayum septambar 1 muthal nadanna bomb spodanathil nagaratthile paarppida pradeshangalude moonnilonnu nashichuvennu hyphong mayer paranjathaayi udharikkukayum cheythu.
yudhathinte athiraalikalkkethire rusk mccarthiyait thanthrangal upayogichuvennu senattar fulbrait aaropichu.
"yudhathinethire prathishedhikkunna aayirakkanakkin aalukal 30 american nagarangalile selective sarvees sisttam induction sentarukalkku munnil "stopp dhii draaft weak" aarambhichu. ookklaandil, arasttilaaya 125 peril oralaaya naadodi gayakan aaktivistumaaya joonn baise ulppede 600 prathishedhakkaar aaa nagaratthinte kendratthinte praveshana kavaadam thadanju. newyork nagaratthil 300 prathishedhakkaar kendra praveshana kavaadangal thadanju. basukal prathishedhakkaare bostanilekku konduvannu, avide 70 draaft cardukal kathikkukayum 200 cardukal unitarian saarvathrika sabhayile purohitharkk kaimarukayum cheythu. samanamaaya karadu virudha prathishedhangal loss enchalsil nadannu; chikkago; washington, dii.sii.saan francisco; philadelphia; minneyapolis; portland, origon; albani, newyork; atho atho atho newyorkkile itaqa; avide aalukal avarude draaft cardukal federal adhikaarikalkk thirike nalkano cathicano shramichu. oru akkoundu anusarichu, aazhchayil aayirathiladikam cardukal oonn cheythu, "yudhathinte avasaanathode, 600,000 purushanmaar thiranjeduttha sevana niyamangal lamghichu", 3 sathamaanam perr maathramaan yadhaarthathil vichaarana cheyyappettathu.
oong thaan yudhathil 28-aamm infantry rejimentile randaam bataaliyan sainikare nannayi veroonniya vii. sii rejiment athikramichu kayari. yuu.ezz. 64 perr kollappedukayum 2 pere kaanaathaavukayum cheythu, vii. sii. nashtangal kuranjathu 22 perr kollappettu.
oru television abhimukhathil jonson "thante vietnaam nayathekkurichulla ellah vimarsanangalum deshasnehamillaathavayaanne mudrakuthaan shramikkunnu" ennu nishedhichu, addeham vimarshakarude vidhiye chodyam cheythu, avarude uddeshyangaleyalla.
yudhavirudha roock sangeetha "hair" aarambhichu.
kwang tran combatt bessinu chuttum moonnaam maraine division nadatthiya oru suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan oossiyoola. ooppareshan 100 pawan, 19 naavikar ennivar kollappettu.
ekadesham 50,000 amerikkakkar panchabhujathilekkulla maarchil cherukayum 650 oolam pere arast cheyyukayum cheythu.
"life" edittoriyal nayathile maattatthil oru bombing thaalkkaalikamaayi nirthaan aavasyappettu.
tokkiyoyil ninnu oru divasathe theerayaathraykku sesham kappalilekku madangunnathil naalu naavikar parajayappettu. dheeraraaya naaluper, beheerante sahaayathode soviyatt unionilekku koorumari, thudarnnu sweedenil abhayam nedi.
janaadhipathya prathinidhi moow udal ningale vivarichu.ezz. viyatnaamile edapedal "thettayathum apakadakaravumaaya oru paatha" aayi maarukayum yuddham kooduthal vashalaakunnath thirichukonduvaranamennum oduvil yuu.ezz. pinvalikkal.
yuu.ezz. armi lefttanant general levis bii. thiranjeduttha sevana samvidaanathinte director hershey, "hershey directive" ennariyappedunna rund memmorandangalil aadyathethu puratthirakki, raajyavyaapakamaayi karadu boardukalkku sayudha sevanangalilekku yudhavirudha prathishedhakkaare konduvaraan utharavittu. nirddesham nadappakkunnathinethire oru utharavu oru federal kodathi purappeduvikkukayum yunaittad stetts appeel kodathi 1969 juun 6 nuu vidhi parayukayum cheyyum, prathishedha pravartthanangalude adisthaanathil eathenkilum rajistraantukale punarvarggeekarikkaan karadu boardukalkku avakashamilla.
yuu.ezz. naavikasenayude lefttanant commander joonn mccain hanoic mukalilulla bombing dauthyathil addehathinte eiii-4iii skyhock vedivachittappol pidikkapettu.
yuu. ezz. efum yuu.ezz. naavikasenayude naalu maig-17 vimaanangalum oru maig-21 vimaanavum vedivechittirunnu.
pithaav philipp berrigan, sent centile oru roman catholica purohitan. baltimorile peettar claver charchu nagaratthile thiranjeduttha sevana offeesil athikramichu kayarukayum yudhathil prathishedhikkunnathinaayi 16 phayal droyarukalilekku raktham choriyukayum cheythu. jaililekku ayacha beriganoppam yunaittad charchu oof kristhuvinte bahumanappetta jaims mengal, thomas levis, baltimore interfaith pease oorganaiseshante david eberhard ennivarum aakramanathil pankuchernnu.
vii. sii. yum sii. aii. dii. jii sena chernnu nadatthiya aadya loock niin yuddham aarvnum yuu. ezz. sena campine mochippichathode avasaanichu. vii. sii. yude nashtam 852 perum rvn nashtangal 50 perum kollappettu.
yuu pankeduttha oru udghaadana partyil saigonile swaathanthrya kottaaratthinte maitanath vii. sii. mortar roundukal adichu.ezz. vais president hubert humphry, moonnu perkku parikkettu.
november.
humphry presidential yoonit saiteshan moonnaam maraine division rvn ezhaam airbone battaliyanum nalki.
dii. emm. isad. yill ninnum padinjaaru ninnu pavn nuzhanjukayattam thadayunnathinum khe sanh naavikark peerankikalum logistic pinthunayum nalkunnathinumulla oru moonnaam maraine division ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan laankaastar. ooppareshanil 46 pavanmaarum 22 naavikarum kollappettu.
mccong delttayile emrf/rvn ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan coronado ikes. ooppareshan 434 vii. sii. yilum 76 yuu. yilum kalaashichu.ezz. kollappettu.
vadakkan tian pravishyayile moonnaam maraine division suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan niyosho. ooppareshan falamaayi 77 paavan kollappedukayum 9 perr pidikkappedukayum 12 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
koonn tian pradeshathe paavan akramanangalil ninnu samrakshikkunnathinulla moonnaam maraine division ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan kentakki. ooppareshan 3,839 pawan kollappedukayum 117 pere pidikoodukayum 520 naavikar kollappedukayum cheythu.
jonson vaitt hausil oru rahasya yogam nadathukayum "thaan vishwasicha muun udyogastharude upadesham" yudhashramathinu pinnil american janataye onnippikkanulla vazhikal nirddeshikkaan avarodu aavasyappedukayum cheythu. pilkkala charitrangalil "njaanikal" ennu paraamarshikkappedunna panalil deane achesan, mcjorge bundy, clark clifford, henry cabot lodge juuniyar ennivar ulppedunnu. maiks well taylor, yuu. ezz. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. eiii. yuu. yuu. eiii. yuu. yuu. eiii. yuu. yuu. yuu. eiii. yuu. yuu. yuu. eiii. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu. yuu.ezz. yudhashramathil vijayikkukayaayirunnu.
koonn thum pravisyayil nadanna pradhana ettumuttalukalude oru parambarayaayirunnu duck toow yuddham. yuu.ezz. 361 perr kollappedukayum 15 pere kaanaathaavukayum cheythu, 73 perr kollappedukayum 18 pere kaanaathaavukayum cheythu, koodaathe paavan nashtam 1,000-1,664 aayi kanakkakkappettu.
yuu. enn nadatthiya oru suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan saanta phee.ezz. 1st brigade, 9th infantry division, 1st australian task fozhsu, rvn 18th division enniva meyy tavo rahasya mekhalaykkethireyaan. shasthrakriyayude falamaayi 126 vii. sii. yum aarr yuu. yum undaayi.ezz. kollappettu.
pawan/visi unitukale yuu. yilek thallunnathinayi hype dack jillayile "aantina vaali" yile 5-aamm naavikarude randaamathe battaliyanaanu ooppareshan essex nadathiyathu.ezz. ooppareshan wheeler/valova nadathunna sainika unitukal. ooppareshan 60 + pawan, 16 naavikar ennivar kollappettu.
amerikkayile ettavum alankarikkappetta thaddesheeya american sainikanaaya sii kambani 26-aamm infantry rejimentil sevanamanushtikkunna keovayaya phastt sarjant pascal poolo.ezz. loock niin yudhathil oru apakadakaariye sahayikkaan shramikkunnathinide sainyam kollappettu.
kwang tinn pravishyayile kii chaan abhayaarthi kendrathilekku vii. sii nuzhanjukayarukayum naalu pere kollukayum ombathu pere parikkelppikkukayum onpathu pere thattikkondupokukayum cheythu; avar kyaambinte skoolinum theeyittu.
swakaarya mckinley nolan saigoninaduthulla thante unitaaya randaam bataaliyan, 16-aamm kaalaalppada rejiment upekshichu vii. siyil chernnu. addehathinu enthaanu sambhavichathennathinulla thirachil 2010-leeii documentary chithramaaya "mckinley nolante thirodhanam" enna vishayamayirikkum.
299, 000 enna munkaala vilayiruthalinethudarnn thekkan viyatnaamil pavn/visi senayude ennam 242,000 aayi kuranjuvennum "kanatha naashanashtangalum manoveeryam kurayunnathum" moolamaanu eee kuravu sambhavichathennum makvi maadhyamapravarthakarodu paranju; vaasthavathil, pavn/visi seena 300,000 ll thaazheyaanenna pothu nilapad nilanirthunnathinaayi 1967 nte thudakkathil 299,000 aayi kanakkaakkiyirunna chila vibhaagathilulla visi ennam motham esttimettil ninnu ozhivaakkanamenn makvi joolaiyil theerumaanichathinaalaanu eee kuravu undaayath. 1975 ll muun cia jeevanakkaranaaya saamuval eiii. aadams, yuu-yude munbaake saakshyappeduthalil akkangalude vyajavalkkaranam velippeduthum.ezz. house intelligence kammitti. 1967ll shathruvinte shakti yadhaarthathil 600,000 aayirunnuvennu sii. aii. eiii rekhakalekkurichulla addehathinte avalokanam soochippichathaayum adams velippeduthum. dakshina viyatnaamile paavan/vii. sii shakthiyekkurich oru vidyaasambannamaaya kanakk orumichu cherkkaan sramikkunnathil budhimuttukal undengilum eee vishayathekkurichulla sii. aii. eiii reportil "janasamkhyayude valuppam, valarchaa nirakkukal, vadakkum thekkum viyatnaamile praayavitharanam ennivayekkurichulla krithyamaaya adisthaana daatta njangalude pakkalilla" ennu vivarichittundu, athinaal njangalude daattayum nigamanangalum thudarchayaaya avalokanathinum punaravalokanatthinum vidheyamaan, prathyekichu kazhivukal sthiramaayi nilanilkkaathathinaal."
59 sathamaanam amerikkakkarum yuddham thudarunnathine anukoolichathaayum 55 sathamaanam amerikkakkarum yuu. ezz. ennu abhipraayappettathaayum oru gallup sarway kandethi.ezz. sainika parisramavum pankaalitthavum vardhippikkanam.
vii. sii moonnu yuu kaimari.ezz. noom pennil yudhavirudha pravarthakanaaya toom headonylake yudhathadavukaare.
shatru munkaala vedinirthal nadapadikalodu nadatthiya vanjanaaparamaaya reethi" kaaranam 1968 januvariyile avadhikkaalathu vedinirthal anuvadikkaruthennu joyint cheefs oof staaf vaitt housinode shupaarsha cheythu."
kwangnam pravishyayile thaay lack jillayil nadanna randaam bataaliyan moonnaam naavikarude thirachilum naasha pravarthanavumaayirunnu ooppareshan badger hund. ooppareshan falamaayi 125 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum 25 perude samudra nashtatthinu ettu pere pidikoodukayum cheythu.
moonnaam maraine division commander mejar general bruno hochmat mattu anchu perum hyooyude vadakkupadinjaarulla helikopttar apakadatthil marichu.
padinjaaran dinh tuwong pravishyayile vii. sii bays eriya 470 thudachuneekkunnathinulla emrf/rvn ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan keane jiang 9-1. ooppareshan kuranjathu 178 vii. sii kollappedukayum 33 pere pidikoodukayum cheythu.ezz./aarviennin 26 perr kollappettu.
westmoreland ambasseder bankar nalkia shubhaapthivishwaasamulla reportukalil ninnu prathikaricha jonson, oru reporterude chodyathinu marupadiyaayi viyatnaamile yuddham nannayi nadakkunnuvennum athu mattoru tharatthilulla samghattanamaanennum thante upadeshtaakkal thanikk urappu nalkiyittundennum oru pathrasammelanatthil paranju. "njangal march cheyth oru garilla yudhathil ellah divasavum oru valia yuddham nadathaarilla. ithu njangalkk oru puthiya tharatthilulla yudhamaanu. athinaal athu athra vegathil neengunnilla... naam purogamikkukayaanu. njangalkk labhikkuna phalangalil njangal santhushtaraanu. naam edukkunnathinekkaal valia nashtamaanu naam varuthunnathu."eee pathrasammelanam kandavaril ninnu jonsoninu mikacha avalokanangal labhichu, pala pathrangalum ithine" "jonsante puthiya shaili" "ennu vilikkumbol mattullavar ithu" "yadhaartha jonson" "aanennu paranju, kaaranam aakramanathmaka ayalkkaaril ninnulla adhiniveshathil ninnu thangalude sakhyakakshiye samrakshikkaan america thayyaaraanenn president hanoi bullishli ariyichu".
1968 januvari 27 muthal februvari 2 vare neendunilkkunna ezhu divasathe vedinirthal aaghoshikkaanulla sannadhatha vii. sii prakhyaapichu.
usaf brigadier general edward bii. saam-2 misail idicha eph-105ll ninnu puratthekku erangiya sesham vadakkan viyatnaamil pidichadakkiyathinu thottupinnaale bardatt marichu.
samadhana prakriya aarambhikkunnathin iru raajyangalum thammilulla charcha aarambikkaan rahasya charchakal abhyarthikkanamennu aavasyappettu theevu hoow chii minnin kathezhuthi.
yuu.ezz. kwang tinn pravishyayile sainyam oru pothu aakramanathinum pothu kalaapathinum utharavidunna oru vii. sii rekha pidichedutthu.
westmoreland washingtonile deseeya pras clubinode paranju, "1965ll shatru vijayikkumbol innu addeham theerchayaayum paraajayappedukayaanennu enikku poornnamaayum urappund... naam oru supradhana ghattathiletthi... avasaanam drishyamaakaan thudangumbol, "yudhathinte moonnaam ghattam, yuu.ezz. 1968-nte thudakkathil aarambikkunna yudhashramathinte niyanthranam aarviennin kaimar.
sii. aii. eyude upadeshathinethire vii. sii. yude shakti kanakkakkiya thuka makvi, 295,000 ll ninnu <aii. dii. 1> sainikaraayi kurachu.
taann sooan nhut vyomathaavalathil adiyanthara landing nadathunnathinidayil usaf sii-47dii thakarnn 26 perum marichu.
joyint cheefs oof staaf yudhathil adutha naalu maasathekkulla avarude nirddishta padhathikal maknamaaraykk avatharippichu. varaanirikkunna aakhoshangalil vedinirthal kaalayalav amgeekarikkaathirikkuka ennathum shupaarshakalil ulppedunnu.
cambodian raashtrathalavan rajakumaran norodam sihanook yuu. yodu prathikarichu.ezz. ellah videsha pathrapravartthakareyum rajyath ninnu purathaakki vii. sii. kambodiyayile thaavalangale sankethangalaayi upayogikkunnundennu pathra reportukal report cheiyunnu.
mcnamara raaji prakhyapikkukayum lokabaankinte president sthaanam sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
vii. sii. 3rd bataaliyan, 272nd rejiment rvn sena yuu. esum prathirodhicha buu dap camp aakramichu.ezz. onnaam bataaliyan, 28-aamm infantry rejiment, baattari eiii, randaam bataaliyan, 33-aamm peeranki. aakramanathil vii. sii. kku 31 perum yuu. esinu 31 perum kollappettu.ezz. ezhu perr kollappettu.
yuu.ezz. minnesottayile senattar yujeen mccarthy 1968 leeii demookratik party presidential naamanirddeshathinulla thante sthaanaarthithvam prakhyaapichu, president jonsante punar naamanirddeshathinu nerittulla velluviliyaayi. visconsin, nebrasca, origon, california ennividangalile presidential primerikalil praveshikkumennum nyoo hamshire, masaachyusets ennividangalilum thaan pankedukkumennum mccarthy paranju.
yuu. ezz. eiii. eph sii-7 kaaribou vimanam kvi noonn vimaanathaavalathe sameepikkumbol oru parvathapradeshathu thakarnn 26 perum marichu.
ooppareshan nepolian/salain yuu. eiii. yile oru moonnaam maraine divishanaayirunnu.ezz. dii. emm. isinu thekk cova viyatt nadiyil sainyavum rvn onnaam division ooppareshanum. ooppareshan 3,500 + pawan, 395 yuu ennivaykku kaaranamaayi.ezz./arvan kollappettu.
desember.
binh tuwan, laam dong pravishyakal thammilulla athirthiyil randaam bataaliyan, ezhaam kuthirappada rejiment, 101-aamm vyomasena division ennivar chernnaanu ooppareshan klamathu falls nadathiyathu. ooppareshan 156 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum ettu pere pidikoodukayum 25 yuu.ezz. kollappettu.
eiii-7 coursair II athinte poratta arangettam nadathiyathu athil ninnaan.
yuu.ezz. yuu. ezz aanennu prathijnjayeduthu stettu department sihanook rajakumaran oru nayatantra kuripp ayachu.ezz. dakshina viyatnaamil ninnu palayanam cheiyunna pavn/vii. sii. sainyathe pinthudarunnathinum "compodian nishpakshatha, paramadhikaaram, swaathanthryam, praadeshika samagratha" ennivaye maanikkumenn vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinum compodiayilekku kadakkilla."
yuu. ezz nadatthiya oru suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan maanchastar.ezz. taann yuin jillayile 199-aamath kaalaalppada brigade. sasthrakriya 456 vii. sii. yilum 37 yuu. yilum kalaashichu.ezz. kollappettu.
rku sann koottakolayil rund vii. sii battaaliyanukal rku sann graamathe akramikkukayum 114 muthal 252 vare montagnard graamavaasikale kollukayum cheythu.
samadhana charchakalkkaayi jonson saadhyamaayathellaam cheythathayi republican senattarmaaraaya evaratt dirkson jerald ford prakhyaapichu.
yuu. ephil nadanna randaazhchathe yudhamaayirunnu thaam kwan yuddham.ezz. onnaam brigade, onnaam kuthirappada division, onnaam bataaliyan, 50-aamm infantry rejiment enniva thaam kwanile rvn instaaleshanukalkku nere valia akramanam nadatthaan thayyaaredukkukayaayirunna paavan 22-aamm rejimentine thadassappeduthi. yudhathil 650 + paavan kollappedukayum 31 perr pidikkappedukayum 58 yuu.ezz. 31 rvn kollappettu.
rvn sainyam mccong deltayil chuwong tian pravishyayile kiinn ooo moonn kanaalil rund visi battaaliyanukale pidikoodi, 67 rvn nashtamaayathin 365 visi kollappettu.
vii. sii. 3rd bataaliyan, 273rd rejiment, 1st bataaliyan, 2nd kaalaalppada rejiment, baattari bii, 1st bataaliyan, 5th peeranki kauthu oof boow duke enniva aakramichu. aakramanathinte falamaayi 49 vii. sii. yum naalu yuu.ezz. kollappettu.
vadakkukizhakkan thaay niin pravishyayile 25-aamm kaalaalppada divisionile onnum moonnum brigedukal nadatthiya suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan yelloston. ooppareshan 1,254 paavan/vcyum 81 yuu. yum undaakki.ezz. kollappettu.
vadakkukizhakkan haay ngia, thekkan taay niin, padinjaaran binh dung pravisyakalil 25-aamm kaalaalppada division, 2-aamm brigade ennivar nadatthiya thirachilum nashavum aayirunnu ooppareshan saradoga. ooppareshan 2,043 paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum 139 pere pidikoodukayum 275 yuu.ezz. kollappettu.
thekkan viyatnaaminte adhosabhayile amgamaaya buyi kwang saan saigoninaduthulla veettil vachu vediyettu marichu. maranathinu rund divasam munbu, thante jeevan apakadatthilaakkunna oru kathu vii. siyil ninnu labhichathayi saan suhruthukkalodu paranju. addehathinte amayum aadya bharya aarr kuttikalum neratthe hoyi aan vii. sii nadatthiya raidle kollappettu. oraazhchaykkullil motham 232 saadhaaranakkaar bheekarakramanangalil kollappettathayi saigon report cheythu.
dakshina vietnaamees sarkkarum avarude sakhyakakshikalum chrismus dinathil 24 manikkoor nilapaadil earppedumennu prakhyaapichu; thudarnnu desember 31 num januvari 2 num idayil randaamathe vedinirthal nadathumennu prakhyaapichu. 24 manikkoor neendunilkkunna chrismus vedinirthal samayat thekk pawan/visi senaye veendum vitharanam cheiyunnathinaayi vadakkan viyatnaamil ninnu 1,300 trekkukal ayakkumennu aakaashachithrangal pinneedu kanikkum.
ooppareshan fairfaxinte samaapanathode saigoninte prathirodham aarviennin kaimari.
binh dunn pravishyayile roock kyaapittal division nadatthiya thirachilum nashavum aayirunnu ooppareshan meng hoow iks. ooppareshan 749 paavan/vii. sii. kollappettu.
199-aamath kaalaalppada brigade, 3-aamath brigade, 101-aamath airbone division, 11-aamath kavachitha kuthirappada rejiment ennivar beyne hoow, jiya daan pravisyakalil nadatthiya oru suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan yooniyandaun. ooppareshan 922 paavan/vcyum 76 yuu. yum undaakki.ezz. kollappettu.
oru yudhamekhalayilekku kayaran shramichathil vachu ettavum valuthum dairkhyameriyathumaaya sainika airlift" aaya ooppareshan eegil thrastt, yuu. esil ninnulla 10,024 sainikaril avasaanatheth enna nilayil poortthiyaayi.ezz. 101-aamath airbone division biyan hova eyar basil ethi. kentakkiyile fort campbellil ninnu sainyathe konduvaraan 369 sii-141 umm 22 sii-133 vimaanangalum aavashyamaayirunnu.
jcs chairman general earl wheeler "njangal yudhathil vijayikkukayaan" ennu prakhyaapichuvenkilum paavan/visi balj tharatthilulla oru yudhathinu saadhyathayundennu munnariyipp nalki.
maraine corpsinte viramicha kamaandant david emm. dakshina viyatnaamil yuddham cheyyendathu aavashyamaanenna nyaayeekaranangale shoup parihasichu, allengil kammyoonistukaar americaye "shudhamaaya poppi kookk" ennu akramikkum, yuddham "saiganile aaa vanchakar" yum mechappetta jeevitam thedunna desheeyavaadikalum thammilulla aabhyanthara samghattanamaanennu paranju.
kwang engaay pravishyayile moonnaam brigade, naalam kaalaalppada division, 23-aamm kaalaalppada division ennivar nadatthiya oru suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan maskattain. ooppareshan 645 + vii. sii kollappedukayum ezhu pere pidikoodukayum 25 yuu.ezz. kollappettu.
canberayile australian pradhaanamantri harrold holtinte smaaraka shushrooshayil pankeduttha jonson, thekkan viyatnaamil "camicas" akramanangal nadakkukayaanennu australian manthrisabhaykk munnariyipp nalki.
president jonson thekkan viyatnaamile american sainikarkk oru aprakhyapitha chrismus sandarshanam nadatthi, austreliyayil ninnu madangunna vazhiyil praadeshika samayamanusarichu 08:40 leeii kaam rann bays nirtthi. general westmoreland deputy general kraittan dablyu johnson johnsone swaagatham cheythu. abrams ambasseder elsworth bankar. 2, 450 american sainikare abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinu munbu addeham westmorlaandile 30 feeld kamaandarmaarumaayi hrasvamaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. bays hospitalil nadatthiya oru paryadanatthil, jonson rogikalumaayi kaikorkkukayum parikkettavaril chilarkk vyakthiparamayi purple hart medalukal sammanikkukayum thudarnnu <aii. dii. 1> lake pookukayum cheythu.
aii. dii. 1ll 24 manikkoor vedinirthal praabalyatthil varikayum america vyomaakramanavum mattu aakramana pravartthanangalum nirthukayum cheythu. desember 24 nuu <aii. dii. 1> muthal 72 manikkoor vedinirthal vii. sii prakhyaapichirunnu, ennaal yuu.ezz. aadyathe 12 manikorinullil 56 vedivayppu sambhavangal command rekhappeduthi, oru kheikku sameepam oru american sainikan parikkelkkukayum ezhu paavan/vii. sii kollappedukayum cheythu. chrismus divasathinte bhooribhaagavum neenduninna vedinirthalinu sesham, yuu.ezz. yudhavimaanangal vadakkan viyatnaamil <aii. dii. 1> lum athupole thanne paavan/visiyilekku saadhanangal neekkunna kappalukalilum bombing pravartthanangal punaraarambhichu.
bomb nirtthal samayat, vadakkan vietnaamees poolit beuroyude oru prathinidhi hyoovinaduthulla tuwa tian pravishyayile paavan/visi neethrthwathe tettu akramanam ennariyappedunnathinu anumathi nalkunnathinekkurichu abhisambodhana cheythu.
haansan dablyu. yude "dhii newyork times" enna reportil. vietnaam reporta shatru ningale swaadheenikkaan shramikkunnu" enna thalakkettil baldwin.ezz. pothujanangal "addeham paranju, mikkavarum ellaavarum ningal.ezz. 1968leeii pradhana yudhakkalamaaya yunaittad stetts aayirikkum" ennum nilavile pavn/vii. sii. sheetakaala-vasanthakala akramanam "yunaittad stetsile yudhathodulla ethirppu shakthippeduthunnathinum [iii] amerikkakkareyum loka abhipraayatheyum swaadheenikkunnathinum" roopakalppana cheythittullathaanennum saigonile udyogasthar vishwasichu...american potujanam...weatcong vadakkan vietnamese ippozhum shakthavum ishtaanusaranam akramikkaan kazhiyunna lokavum."
rvn onnaam division dmacnu thekk theerathu visi 416-aamm bataaliyan 15 perude nashtatthinu 203 visi kollappettu.
kwang tran pravishyayile joy eriyayillaatha theruvil moonnaam bataaliyan, onnaam naavikar nadatthiya thirachilum naasha pravarthanavumaayirunnu ooppareshan badger tooth. ooppareshan 131 pawan, 48 naavikar ennivar kollappettu.
sihanook yuu-kku parimithamaaya anumathi nalki.ezz. pavn/visi pinthudarunnathinaayi thekkan viyatnaamil ninnu kambodiyayilekku kadakkaan sainyam.
173-aamath vyomasenayude brigade thuy hoyude vadakkupadinjaarulla paavan/visi sthaanangalil helikopttar akramanam nadatthi, 12 yuu nashtatthinu 31 paavan kollappettu.ezz. kollappettu.
kwangnam pravishyayile goo noyi dveepil onnaam maraine division nadatthiya suraksha ooppareshanaayirunnu ooppareshan abarn. ooppareshan falamaayi 37 vii. sii. yum 23 naavikarum kollappettu.
yuu. ezz udan thanne samadhana charchakal aarambhikkumenn vadakkan vietnaam videshakaarya mantri enguen duy trin paranju.ezz. bomb spodanam nirtthi. samaadhaanathinaayulla vadakkan vietnaamees videshakaarya manthriyude roopeekaranathil thaan "yadhaartha mattamonnum kandillennu" thiu prasthaavichu, athesamayam yuu.ezz. vadakkan vietnaamees shaithyakaalath aakramanathinu utharavidukayum avadhikkala niyamangal ithinakam lamghikkukayum cheythathinte velichathil stettu sekrattari deane rusk hanoi bharanakoodatthinte aathmaarthathaye chodyam cheythu. muun yuu.ezz. oru communist parayunna kaaryangalil vishwaasamulla avasthayil naam svayam nilkkaruth" ennu president dwait isenhover pinneedu president jonsoninu munnariyipp nalki."

