
dheerata

baarukal, bays allengil thadavukaar baarukal ennum ariyappedunna, kyaandits bays allengil chevi chase ennum ariyappedunna darebase allengil dair bays, vegathaykkum chadulathaykkum oru premium nalkunna oru thuranna maitanath rando athiladhikamo teamukal thammilulla oru tagg geyimaanu. pinthudaruka, pidichedukkuka, keezhadakkuka ennee adisthaana prameyangalil pathaaka pidichedukkunnathinu darebasine chila samaanathakalund. kalisthalathinte ethir attathu rund team bays kaivashamullathum vijayam nedunnathinulla reethikalum ulkkollunna oru valia noow-mans land ithil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. stilbase enna oru vyathiyaanam vijayam nedunnathinu sparshikkaano moshtikkaano kazhiyunna oru vasthu upayogikkunnu (pathaaka pidichedukkunnathilethu). 
geyim feeldinte valuppam saadhaaranayaayi oru basketball courtinteyum football allengil socker feeldinteyum pakuthiyolam valuppathinteyum idayilaanu. oro bays aaa vashath ninnu aarambikkunna teamintethaanu, bays thammilulla dooram sharashari kalikkaaran sprint cheyyaan kazhiyunnathinekkaal kooduthalaanengil, geyim play badhikkaan thudangum. geyim feeld bays lainukalum avare ulkkollaan paryaapthamaayathra valuthaayirikkunnidathol kaalam patthu kalikkaar vare kuranjavarum nooro athiladhikamo kalikkaarum upayogichu phalapradamaaya geyim play nedaan kazhiyum. 
yunaittad stetsinte pala pradeshangalilum oru vishrama geyimaayum venalkkaala kyaambukalilum darbase janapriyamaan, kaaranam athinte laalithyam, vazhakkam, vyathyastha praayathileyum kazhivileyum kalikkaare ulkkollanulla kazhivu, athupole thanne teamukal thulyamaayi poruthappedumbol polum vegathilum chalanathmakamaayum kalikkaanulla kazhivu enniva kaaranam.
charithram.
eee geyim yadhaarthathil "baarukal", "bays" allengil "thadavukaarude baarukal" ennaanu ariyappettirunnath. ariyappedunna aadyakaala paraamarshangalilonn pathinalam noottaandinte thudakkathil englandile edward moonnaaman rajaavu westminstar kottaaratthinte vazhikalil "baarukal" kalikkunnathu nirodhikkunna oru utharavu purappeduvichappozhaanu.
mesopotemiyayil ninnulla oru kaliyaayi ithine visheshippicha thomas hyde ezhuthiya 'dii ludo jijattukkam chuduni' enna thalakkettilulla 'thadavukaarante adithara' yekkurichulla aadyakaala vivaranam. 1767ll grigory shaarppinte 'sintagma desertation kwas olim thomas hyde ezz' enna pusthakatthil 'jayil-bays', 'thadavukaarkkulla bays' ennee perukalil ithu prasidheekarichu.tii.pii. verthirikkal edittu cheyyuka ". 1796-ll hydinte kalikkunna niyamangal jarmman bhaashayilekku vyaapakamaayi vivarthanam cheyyappedukayum germmaniyil "daas phoppen undu fanken" enna peril prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. johann christoph friedrich gootsmuths ezhuthiya "speele surr ubung undu erholang dess korpezhs undu gisttas" enna geyim pusthakatthil jailermar-bays.
1794 meyy 12-leeii oru dayari entriyil joonn baing, cheshire milishyayile amgangal avarude kaundi geyim oof khaidees baarukal kalikkunnathine paraamarsikkunnu, ithu verum chadulathayudeyum vegathayudeyum kalahangalude ulpaadanakshamathayude kaliyaanu ente abhipraayathil ithu krikkatt, kadjal-playing, mattu pala pravishya kaayika enangalekkaalum valare thaazhnnathaanu... bharam kurayunnathinum oru ethiraali sparshikkunnath thadayunnathinum-avar eathaandu nagnaraayi svayam vasthram maattunnu."
1801-ll ezhuthiya joseph strutt, vyathyasthamaaya praadeshika pathippukal undaayirunnuvennu vyakthamaakkunnu
1830-ll "dhii times" enna pathratthinu ezhuthiya oru lekhakan ingane abhiprayappettu "ekadesham 20 allengil 30 varsham munbu vare, landanu chuttumulla vayalukal, maarilebon-feeldukal, long-feeldukal, spaa-feeldukal & sii.krikkatt, trap booal, phoott booal, thadavukaarude bays, aarogyakaramaya mattu prachodanaathmaka vinodangal ennivayil kalikkarkkoppam jeevichirunnu."
chevi chase" enna badal peru parambaraagatha "chevi chase balled", anglo-scotish athirthiyile ardha-itihaasa yudhathil ninnu uruthirinjathaanu. jii. aarr. 1906-ll sims chevi chesine "oru 'vasha' thinte oru yoonit pidichedukkukayum oru sakhaavu avane rakshikkunnathuvare mochanadravyamaayi sookshikkukayum cheiyunna thadavukaarude thaavalatthinte oru roopamaayi" visheshippichu.
neelakkannukond photoyeduttha oru theruvu rangam, misauri, c.1916 oru praadeshika geyim oof derbesinide eduthathaanennu aaropikkappedunnu.
niyamangalum thanthrangalum.
vijayam neduka.
naalu vyathyastha reethikalil darebase nedaam. aadyam, ethir teaminte ellah kalikkaareyum pidikooduka. randaamathaayi, ethir team avarude aditharayil illaathirikkumbol ethir teaminte adithara kaivashappedutthuka. moonnaamathaayi, kalii kalikkaan samayaparidhi aavashyamillengilum samayam kazhiyumbol ethir teaminte kooduthal kalikkaare pidichedukkunnathiloode. oru kalikkaaran ethir teaminte aditharaykku chuttum oodukayum mattu teamukal tagg cheyyaathe swantham nilayilekku madangukayum cheyyumbol, bays noow-maansil dveepukale prathinidheekarikkunna derbesinte oru vyathiyaanam vijayam nedaan anuvadikkunnu.
puthumayullavarayi maarunnu.
oru kalikkaarane pidikoodunnathinu, aaa kalikkaaran sesham noow-mans landle praveshicha ethir teaminte kalikkaaran avare tagg cheyyanam, eee vyavasthaye saadhaaranayaayi "frusher" ennu vilikkunnu."puthumayullavarakaan kalikkaarkku eppol venamenkilum avarude bays linelake madangaam. avarkk kazhiyumenkil, avarkk ethir teaminte bays line upayogichu "puthumayullavarayirikkaanum" pidichedukkunnathil ninnu surakshitharakaanum kazhiyum. 
havayiyil, "frusher" enna ashayathe "manaa" allengil power ennu vilikkunnu. oraalude manaa kaalakramena kurayukayum oraalude adithattilekku madangunnathiloode recharge cheyyaan kazhiyukayum cheiyunnu. mattoru vyathiyaanathil, oru team amgam manaye mattoru kalikkaaran kaimariyekkaam, ennirunnaalum ithu dhaaraalam kalikkaar ulla geyimukalil aashayakkuzhappathin kaaranamaayekkam.
dheerathayum thiramaalakalum.
kalikkaar saadhaaranayaayi oru parambarayil earppedunnathil ninnaan geyim play aarambhikkunnath. ethir aditharaye sameepikkunna oru kalikkaarante roopathil ethir kalikkaare vettayaadaan prerippikkunnathaanu dhairyam. pinthudarunnayaale pinneedu shathrurekhayilekku valichidunnu. pinthudarunnavar avarude swantham vegathayum churuchuruppum, pinthudarunnayaalude vegatha, avare pinthunaykkunna aarudeyum vegatha ennee gadakangalude samyojanathe adisthaanamaakki avarude vyakthiparamaaya pooyint oof noow ritten evideyaanennu vilayiruthanam. eee pooyint kadakkathe kazhiyunnathra aduthu ethaan kazhiyunnath ettavum valia thanthraparamaaya nettam nalkukayum ettavum chalanathmakamaaya kaliyil kalashikkukayum cheiyunnu. iru teamukalileyum kalikkaar pooyint oof noow ritten shradhaapoorvvam ozhivaakkukayum athinaal pinthudaral shanikkukayum cheiyunnillenkil, oru sthambhanaavasthaykku kaaranamakum.
oru kalikkaarante dhairyam amgeekarikkappettaal, pinthudarunnayaal palappozhum avarude kwari pidichedukkaanulla shramathil swantham pooyint oof noow ritten kadakkum. ithu saadhaaranayaayi pinthudarunna teamil ninnulla onno athiladhikamo kalikkaar pinthudarunnayaale thadayaan avarude lineukal kadakkaan kaaranamaakunnu. oru teamile amgangal avarude swantham varii kadakkumbozhellaam, ethir team puthumukha kalikkarumaayi prathikarikkaan pravanatha kaanikkunnu. ithu feeldinte madhyabhaagathu marimari nettamundaakkunna tharamgangal othucherunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu. oru pinthudarunnayaal oru puthumukha ethiraaliye abhimukeekarikkumbol, avan allengil avalkk avarude swantham lineleco puthumukha teaminte sthaanathekko pinvangano capture poortthiyaakkaan shramikkaano allengil ethir teaminte bays line marikadakkaan shramikkaano kazhiyum.
oru chaaranayi maarunnu.
ethir teaminte bays line kadakkaan kazhiyunnath oru flanking maanuvarin samanamaaya sakthamaaya thanthraparamaaya nettam nalkunnu. eee sthaanam nediya oru kalikkaarane chilappol chaaran ennu vilikkunnu. oru chaaranu ethir kalikkaare pinnil ninnu pinthudaraan kazhiyum, eee prakriyayil onno athiladhikamo kalikkaare phalapradamaayi nirveeryamaakkukayum sookshumamaayi samrakshikkukayum venam. oru chaaran thudarchayaaya bheeshaniyaayi sthaanathu thudaraan theerumaanichekkaam. ennirunnaalum, atharamoru kalikkaaran vishramichathinusesham valarekkalam sthaanathu thudarunnathu apoorvamaanu. ethiraaliyude line kadakkaan kazhivulla oru kalikkaaran, prathyekichu kaliyude thudakkathil, mikkavarum ellaayppozhum ethir teaminte ettavum vegathayeriya kalikkaaril oraale pidikkaan sramikkaan avarude nettam upayogikkum. charanmarodu ethratholam jaagrathayode perumaarunnu ennathine vardhippikkaan maathrame eee vastutha sahaayikkukayulloo.
jailum vyathiyaanangalum.
oru kalikkaaran mattoru kalikkaarane pidikoodumbol, pidikoodiya kalikkaarane jaililekku kondupokunnathu poortthiyaakunnathuvare rund kalikkaarum udan thanne nishkriyaro nishpaksharo aakunnu. oro teaminteyum jayil feeldinte oru moolayilaan sthithicheyyunnathu, koodaathe bays lainil oru feeld koonn allengil oru vasthrathinte inam polulla oru prathyeka adayaalappeduthiya pooyint prathinidheekarikkunnu. jayilil kazhiyunna kalikkaaran rakshappedaan arhata nedunnathinu jayil pooyintumaayi shaareerika sanbarkkam pulartthanam. cross sekshan vardhippikkunnathinu avarkk neettukayo kidakkukayo cheyyaam. oru adhika kalikkaarane pidikoodukayum jaililekku konduvarikayum cheythaal, aaa kalikkaaran aadya kalikkaranumaayi shaareerika sanbarkkam pulartthukayum stretch outtu cheyyukayum venam. jayililadacha kalikkaarude eee shringhala dairkhyameriyathaakumbol athinte avasaanam kalikkaarude adisthaana linelake adukkunnu. ithu rakshaakarthaakkalkk svayam pidikkappedaathe lainil ethaan eluppamaakkunnu. 
kalikkaare jayilil ninnu mochippikkunnathinu, oru rakshaakarthaav jayilil kazhiyunna kalikkaarane tagg cheyyanam. pidikoodiya kalikkaare jayilil ninnu mochippikkunathinulla vyathyastha niyamangale aashrayichirikkunna niravadhi vyathyastha tharam darebaseukal undu. oru vakabhedathil, oru samayat oru vyakthiye maathrame mochippikkaan kazhiyoo eathu kalikkaaran jayilil ettavum kooduthal kaalam kazhinjaalum. eee vyathiyaanathil, ettavum aduthide pidikoodiya kalikkaaran jayilinte pooyintil lainil cherumbol jayilil kazhiyunna kalikkaar laininte maruvashathekku neengunnu. mochithanaakaan ettavum muthirnna thadavukaarane tagg cheyyanam.
jayilil kazhiyunna eathenkilum kalikkaare tagg cheythaal ellah kalikkaareyum mochippikkaan mattoru vyathiyaanam anuvadikkunnu.
mattoru vyathiyaanam yadhaarthathil mukalil paranja randinteyum sankarayinamaanu. ellah kalikkaareyum mochippikkunnathinu, rakshaakarthaav jayilinte pooyint tagg cheyyanam. marimari, oru rakshaakarthaavin variyude avasaanathilulla ettavum muthirnna thadavukaarane nerittu tagg cheythukondu avare mochippikkaan kazhiyum.
oru rakshaakarthaav onno athiladhikamo thadavukaare mochippichukazhinjaal avarkkum mochitharayavarkkum avarude teaminte thaavalatthilekku madangunnathuvare pidikoodanavilla. ithine palappozhum "free vaakk" ennu vilikkunnu."
thanthrangalude swaabhaavika aavirbhavam.
valare kurachu charchakalo neethrthwamo upayogichu kalikkaar saadhaaranayaayi vahikkunna niravadhi pradhana rolukal darebase nalkunnu. chila kalikkaar ethir teaminte ettavum vegathayeriya kalikkaare pinthudaraan shramichu svayam munnil nirthaan thiranjedukkunnu. eee dvamdvayudham oduvil oru teaminte ettavum vegathayeriya kalikkaarane (kalikkaar) pidikoodunnathino allengil mattoru teaminte adisthaana rekha kadakkunnathinte nettam nedunnathino kaaranamaakunnu. swantham groundinodu aduthu thirichuvaraatha mattu kalikkaar swaabhaavikamaayum line, jayil, chaaranmare nizhalippikkal enniva polulla kooduthal prathirodha thanthrangal upayogikkunnu.
saamskaarika paraamarshangal.
christopher marlo, edmund spensor, richard brom, maikkal draiton ennivarulppede aadyakaala aadhunika engleesh saahitya kruthikalude oru shreniyil eee kaliyekkurichulla paraamarshangal kaanapedunnu.
bays" enna nilayil, shakespeareude "simbline" (purathana brittanil sajjeekarichirikkunnu, pakshe 1611 ll aadyamaayi avatharippichu) ll ithinu oru passing paramarsham labhikkunnu
eph. aansttiyude comic noval "thirichum" (1882), doow. grimstoninte boarding skoolile aankuttikal "chevi" enna geyim kalikkendathundu-"baladilum charithratthilum prashasthamaaya vivaahanishchayathil ninnu vilikkappedunnu", "saadhaaranayaayi 'thadavukaar' bays 'ennu ariyappedunnu".
marsell proost ennathu nashtamaaya samayam thedi chaampyanmaraaya eliseesukalil vooliyam onnil ithu kalikkunnathine soochippikkunnu. 
"rex stautt (1886-1975) ezhuthiya 1952 leeii neero wolf misttari novalaaya "thadavukaarante adithara" enna novalinte yadhaartha thalakkettaanu "dair-bays". katha vyakthamaayi kaliye paraamarsikkunnu. "njaan kuttiyaayirikkumbol kansaasil kalicha oru geyimil ninnulla" "dair-bays" "ennathaayirunnu ente kayyezhuthuprathiyile thalakkett", staatt jeevacharithrakaaran joonn mccalerinode paranju. "ente prasadhakanaaya harrold ginsburg paranju, ithu thadavukaarante thaavalam ennaanu kooduthal ariyappedunnathu."

