
decaffination

coffey beans, coco, theyila elakal, mattu kafeen adangiya vasthukkal ennivayil ninnu kafeen neekkam cheiyunnathaanu (dii-) decaffination. decaffinated uthppannangale saadhaaranayaayi decaf enna churukkapperil vilikkunnu. decaffinated paaneeyangalil saadhaaranayaayi yadhaartha kafeen ulladakkathinte <aii. dii. 1> adangiyirikkunnu, chilappol 20 sathamaanam vare. 
kaappiyude decaffination.
jarmman kavi goythe belladona sathil thante pravarthanathekkurichu kelkkukayum coffey beensinekkurichu oru vishakalanam nadatthaan abhyarthikkukayum cheythathinu sesham 1820-ll friedleab ferdinand runch coffey beansil ninnu kafeen aadyamaayi verthirichu. eee samyukthathe verthirichedukkaan ranginu kazhinjenkilum kafeeninte rasathanthrathekkurichu addeham kooduthalonnum padichilla, koodaathe eee prakriya vaanijyaparamaayi upayogichu decaffinated kaappi ulppaadippikkaan addeham sramichilla.
decaffination prakriyakal.
kaappiyude decaffination vividha reethikalil upayogikkaam. eee reethikal varuthedukkunnathinu munbaanu nadakkunnathu, beansil ninnu kafeen verthirichedukkaan dichloromethain allengil ethyl asattett, suuppar critical qoo2 allengil vellam thudangiya jaiva layakangal upayogikkaam, athesamayam ruchiyude mungaamikal avayude yadhaartha avasthaykku kazhiyunnathra aduthu avasheshikkunnu.
jaiva layaka prakriyakal.
nerittulla reethi.
1903ll jarmman vyaapaariyaaya ludwig roselius sahapravarthakarum chernnu aadyamaayi vaanijyaparamaayi vijayakaramaya decaffination prakriya kandupidichu, samudrajalathil abadhathil kuthirtha coffey beensinte oru charakk avayude kafeen ulladakkam nashtappedutthukayum ennaal ruchi nashtappedukayum cheythathayi roselius nireekshichu. 1906 ll pettant nediya eee prakriyayil vividha aasidukalo baseukalo upayogichu coffey beans aaviyil vaykkuka, thudarnnu kafeen neekkam cheyyaan benzene oru laayakamaayi upayogikkuka enniva ulppedunnu. europinte bhooribhaagathum "kaaphi handles-akkatten-jesselshaft" (coffey trading kambani) enna peril kambanikku sesham eee reethiyil decaffinated coffey kaaphi haga fraansil "kaphe sanka" ennum pinneedu amerikkayil sanka brand kofiyaayum vittu. kaphe hagg sanka ippol lokamembaadumulla kraaft bhakshanangalude braandukalaanu. 
roselius aadyamaayi vikasippicheduthathin samanamaaya reethikal aadhipathyam pulartthunnu, avaa chilappol "direct oorgaanik solvant reethi" ennariyappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, benzeenekkurichulla aarogyaprasnangal kaaranam (innu carsinogen aayi amgeekarikkappettirikkunnu), dichloromethain allengil ethyl asattett polulla mattu layakangal ippol upayogikkunnu. varutha (pacha) beans aadyam aaviyil vevikkukayum pinneedu kafeen verthirichedukkunna layakam upayogichu kazhukukayum cheiyunnu, athesamayam mattu gadakangale valia thothil baadikkilla. kafeen ulladakkam aavashyamaaya maanadandam paalikkunnathuvare (us staanderd anusarichu 97 sathamaanam kafeen neekkam cheiyunnu, allengil iyu staanderd anusarichu maas anusarichu 99.9% kafeen rahithamaan) eee prakriya 8 muthal 12 thavana vare aavarthikkunnu.
paroksha reethi.
roselius reethiyude mattoru vyathiyaanam "paroksha jaiva layaka reethi" aanu. eee reethiyil, beans nerittu samskarikkunnathinuparam, avaa aadyam manikkoorukalolam chooduvellatthil mukkivachu pinneedu neekkam cheiyunnu. bakkiyulla vellam layakangal upayogichu samskarikkunnu (udha.jii. vellathil ninnu kafeen verthirichedukkaan dichloromethain allengil ethyl asattett). mattu reethikalilethupole, kafeen lalithamaaya baashpeekaranatthiloode jaiva laayakathil ninnu verthirikkaam. eee rund ghatta prakriyayiloode athe vellam puthiya baachukal upayogichu recycle cheiyunnu. kafeen ozhikeyulla vellathinum beansin samanamaaya gadanayulla niravadhi chakrangalkk sesham oru santhulithaavasthayilethunna. eee ghattathinu sesham, beansil ninnu neekkam cheiyunna oreyoru vasthu kafeenaanu, athinaal kaappiyude shaktiyo mattu ruchiyo nashtappedunnilla. eee prakriyayude prarambha ghattathil vellam upayogikkunnathinaal, paroksha reethi decaffinatione chilappol "vaattar prosessed" ennu vilikkunnu. 1941laanu eee reethi aadyamaayi paraamarshichathu, jaiva laayakangalude upayogathe marikadakkunna vidhathil vellathil ninnu kafeen samskarikkunnathinulla vazhikal kandethunnathiloode eee prakriya kooduthal "prakrithidathavum" yadhaartha jala adhishtitha prakriyayakkaan aalukal ganyamaaya sramangal nadathiyittundu.
swis jala prakriya.
kaappiyil ninnu kafeen neekkam cheiyunnathinulla oru badal maarggam swis jala prakriyayaan. eee prakriyayil jaiva layakangalonnum upayogikkunnilla, pakaram beensine decaffinate cheyyaan vellam maathrame upayogikkunnulloo. 1933ll swittsarlandil aadyamaayi vikasippicheduthathum coffex ezz vaanijyavalkkarichathumaaya oru saankethikavidyayaanithu.eiii. 1980-ll britiish kolambiyayile barnabiyude swis vaattar decaffinated coffey kambaniyaanu 1988-ll swis jala prakriya avatharippichathu.
kafeen verthirichedukkal samvidaanathinaayi eee prakriya green coffey sathil (jii. sii. iii) upayogikkunnu. kafeen ozhikeyulla green kaappiyude vellathil layikkunna gadakangal adangiyirikkunna oru layaniyaan green coffey sathil, green coffey beans chooduvellatthil mukkivachu, thudarnnu kafeen thanmathrakal neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi sajeevamaaya curry filteriloode filter cheiyunnu. kafeen mattu gadakangalum adangiyirikkunna puthiya beans jii. sii. iii laayaniyil cherkkunnu, avide jii. sii. iii (kafeen-leane), green coffey (kafeen adangiya) enniva thammilulla gradient mardha vyathyasam kafeen thanmaathrakale green kaappiyil ninnu jii. sii. iyilekku kudiyeraan kaaranamaakunnu. green kaappiyude mattu vellathil layikkunna gadakangalumaayi jii. sii. iii poorithamaayathinaal, kafeen thanmathrakal maathrame jii. sii. iyilekku kudiyerunnulloo; mattu vellathil layikkunna coffey gadakangal green kaappiyil nilanirthunnu. kafeen veendum neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi puthuthayi kafeen adangiya jise layani sajeevamaaya kaarban filterukaliloode kadannupokukayum eee prakriya aavarthikkukayum cheiyunnu. thudarchayaaya baachu prakriya anthima sheshikkunna decaffinated lakshyam niravettaan 8-10 manikorukal edukkum.
phudu enchineeyar torron aatteraas gaarinum kaappiyil ninnu kafeen neekkam cheiyunnathinulla oru prakriya vikasippicheduthu.
triglyceride prakriya.
eee prakriyayil, kafeen beensinte uparithalathilekku valichedukkunnathinaayi green coffey beans oru chooduvellatthilum coffey laayaniyilum kuthirkkunnu. aduthathaayi, beans mattoru kandeynarilekku maattukayum chelavazhicha coffey groundil ninnu labhikkuna coffey ooyilukalil mukkivaykkukayum cheiyunnu.
niravadhi manikorukal uyarnna thaapanilaykk sesham, ennakalile triglycerideukal beansil ninnu kafeen neekkam cheiyunnu, pakshe sugandha gadakangalalla. beans ennakalil ninnu verpeduthi unakkunnu. ennakalil ninnu kafeen neekkam cheiyunnu, avaa mattoru baachu beensine decaffinate cheyyaan veendum upayogikkunnu. ithu dickfeenationte nerittulla sanbarkka reethiyaanu.
suuppar critical qoo2 prakriya.
bhakshya shaasthranjar dickfeenation maarggamaayi suuppar critical kaarban dye ooksaidilekku (ezz. sii. oo. 2) thirichittundu. maiks plank instittyoottile shaasthranjanaaya kurt sossell vikasippichedutha ithu kafeen verthirichedukkaan athinte nirnaayaka pooyintinu mukalil choodaakkukayum sammarddam cheluthukayum cheiyunna kaarban dye ooksaid (kaarban dye ooksaid) upayogikkunnu. green coffey beans vevichu uyarnna mardhamullah paathratthil cherkkunnu. vellathinteyum kaarban dye ooksaidinteyum misritham 300 atm vegathayil paathratthiloode sanjarikkunnu. eee marddathilum thapanilayilum oru vaathakathinum draavakathinum edayilulla gunangalulla oru suuppar critical draavakamaanu kaarban dye ooksaid. kafeen kaarban dye ooksaidilekku layikkunnu; ennaal undaakkunna kaappiyude ruchiykk kaaranamakunna samyukthangal kaarban dye ooksaidil valia thothil layikkathathum beenil thanne nilanilkkunnathumaanu. oru prathyeka paathratthil, adhika vellam upayogichu kaarban dye ooksaidil ninnu kafeen scrub cheiyunnu. pinneedu kaarban dye ooksaid mardha paathratthilekku punachamkramanam cheyyappedunnu.
decaffinated kaappiyil kafeen adangiyittundu.
uthppannathinte gunanilavaaram urappakkaan, kafeen saandrata thaarathamyena kuravaanennu urappakkaan nirmmathaakkal puthuthayi decaffinate cheytha coffey beans parishodhikkendathundu. american aikyanaadukalile maanadandangalkkanusarichu kafeen adangiyittullathil kuranjathu 97 shathamaanamenkilum kuravundaakanam. kaanadayil decaffinated kaappiyil 0.20 sathamaanathil thaazheyum decaffinated thalkshana kaappiyil 0.3 sathamaanathil thaazheyumaan kafeen. pala coffey kambanikalum coffey beansil ethra kafeen avasheshikkunnuvennu alakkaan uyarnna prakadanamulla liqvid chromatography (echu. pii. ell. sii) upayogikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, echu. pii. ell. sii valare chelaveriyathaayathinaal, chila coffey kambanikal niyar-infrared (nir) spectroscopy polulla mattu reethikal upayogikkaan thudangi. echu. pii. ell. sii valare krithyamaanengilum, nir spectroscopy valare vegathayeriyathum vilakuranjathum mothatthil upayogikkaan eluppavumaanu. avasaanamaayi, bakkiyulla kafeen alakkaan saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna mattoru reethiyil ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ulppedunnu suuppar critical qoo2 ulppedunna decaffination prakriyakalkku upayogapradamaanu, kaaranam qoo2 yuvi-vis shreniyil agiranam cheiyunnilla.
2006ll florida stettu yooniversittiyil nadatthiya oru niyantritha padanatthil coffey shoppukalil ninnu thayyarakkiya decaffinated kaappiyude patthu saambilukal kurachu kafeen avasheshikkunnuvennu kaanichu. pathinaalu muthal irupathu kapp vare atharam decaffinated kaappiyil oru kapp saadhaarana kaappiyude athra kafeen adangiyirikkum. 473 millie (16 auns) kapp kaappiyude saambilukalil 8.6 milligram muthal 13.9 milligram vare kafeen adangiyirunnu. janapriya brandukalaaya decaf kaappikalekkurichulla mattoru padanatthil, kafeen ulladakkam 3 milligram muthal 32 milligram vare vyathyaasappedunnu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, oru 237 millie (8 auns) kapp saadhaarana kaappiyil <aii. dii. 1> milligram kafeen 355 millie (12 auns) kokkakolayil 36 milligram adangiyirikkunnu.
decafito.
2009 leeii kanakkanusarichu, kafeen adangiyittillaatha coffey beans valarthunnathilekkulla purogathi ippozhum thudarukayaanu. itharathilulla kappiye vivarikkaanaan "decafito" enna padam upayogichathu, brazeelil ithu vyaapaaramudrayaayittundu.
2004ll report cheyyappetta swaabhaavika kafeen rahita "coffey chariariana" inam kandethiyathaan decafito-type kaappikalude saadhyatha kaanikkunnath. ithinu kafeen synthase jeeninte kuravundu, ithu kafeenakki mattunnathinupakaram theobromin adinjukoodunnathilekku nayikkunnu. onnukil eee swabhaavam mattu coffey chedikale "sii" upayogichu marikadannu valarthaam. saadhaarana coffey chedikalile kafeen sindesinullah jeane thakarkkunnathiloode 'chariariana' allengil thathulyamaaya oru prabhavam nedaanaakum.
decaffinated chaaya.
mukalil vivarichathupole, saadhaaranayaayi nerittulla reethi allengil kaarban dye ooksaid prakriyaykku samanamaaya prakriyakal upayogichu chayaye decaffinate cheyyaanum kazhiyum. theyila elakale ooksidais cheyth black tea (chainees theyila samskaarathil "chuvapp") allengil green elakalil ninnulla oolong theyila elakal undaakkunnath theyilayile kafeente alavu baadikkilla, ennirunnaalum theyila-chediyude upajaathikal (athaayath.iii. "camellia sinensis sinensis" vezhsas. "camellia sinensis asamikka") swaabhaavika kafeen ulladakkathil vyathyaasappettirikkam. pazhakkamulla elakalekkaalum thandinekkaalum bharam kuranja elakalilum mukulangalilum kooduthal kafeen adangiyittundu. kaarban dye ooksaid prakriya soukaryapradavum spodanaathmakamallaathathum visharahithavumayathinaal anukoolamaanengilum, suuppar critical kaarban dye ooksaid upayogikkunna saadhaaranavum decaffinated green teeyum thammilulla thaarathamyathil mikka asthiravum nonpolaar samyukthangalum (linalool, phenylasetaldehyde polullava), pacha, pushpa ruchiyulla samyukthangal (hexanel, ("iii")-2-hexinal polullava), chila anjjaatha samyukthangal decafinationushesham aprathyakshamaakukayo kurayukayo cheythathayi kaanikkunnu.
kaarban dye ooksaid verthirichedukkunnathi purame, chooduvellam upayogichu chayaye decaffinate cheyyaanum kazhiyum. jalathinte thaapanila, verthirichedukkal samayam, ilayum vellavum thammilulla anupatham enniva niyanthrikkunnathiloode opttimal avasthakal niravettunnu. 100 digri selshyaso athil kooduthalo thaapanila, 3 minitt mithamaaya verthirichedukkal samayam, oru vooliyam anupaathathil 1.20 ilayum jalabharavum 83 sathamaanam kafeen alavu neekkam cheyyukayum motham kaattechinukalude 95 sathamaanam samrakshikkukayum cheythu. oru tharam flavanol aaya kaattechinukal chaayayude ruchiykk sambhavana nalkukayum cancerilekku nayichekkaavunna myoottajanukalude adichamarthal vardhippikkukayum cheiyumennu theliyikkappettittund.
kaappiyilum chaayayilum tannin undu, avayude aastrijant ruchiykk kaaranamaakunnu, ennaal kaappiyile tannin ulladakkathinte moonnilonnu chaayayilund. athinaal, eee ruchi nilanirthunnathinu kaappiyude decafinationekkaal kooduthal shradha tannin ulladakkam nilanirthaan chaayayude decaffination aavasyamaanu. tannin samrakshikkunnath avayude ruchi kaaranam mathramalla, avaykku aanti carcinogenic, antimutagenic, antioxidative, antimicrobial gunangal undennu theliyikkappettathukondum abhikaamyamaanu. prathyekichum, tannins raktham kattapidikkunnath thwarithappeduthukayum rakthasammardham kuraykkukayum serem lipidinte alavu kuraykkukayum rogaprathirodha prathikaranangal krameekarikkukayum cheiyunnu.
saadhaarana ulppaadana samayat chila prakriyakal kafeen ulladakkam nerittu kuraykkunnathino allengil oro infusionilum udaneelam athu purathuvidunna nirakk kuraykkunnathino sahaayichekkam. chainayil, pakam cheytha pala puu-erh chaayakalilum, kooduthal kanatha vedi vekkunna vuyi parvatha oolongukalilum ithu vyakthamaan; saadhaaranayaayi 'songhuyo' (midu-fayar) allengil 'suhuyo' (hye-fayar) ennu vilikkunnu.
oru kapp saadhaarana karutha (allengil chuvapp) chaayayil 40-50 milligram kafeen adangiyirikkunnu ennathaanu pothuvaayi amgeekarikkappetta sthithivivarakkanakku, ithu oru kapp kaappiyude pakuthiyolam ulladakkamaanu.
oru cheria (30 muthal 60 second vare) kuthaneyulla paneeyangal upekshikkunnathinulla oru saadhaarana saankethikavidya, ruchi nashtappedunnathinu sheshamulla oru paaneeyatthinte kafeen ulladakkam kuraykkunnuvennu vishwasikkappedunnumdum, anchu minitt kuthaneyulla kafeen 70 sathamaanam vare nalkumennu gaveshanangal soochippikkunnu, randaamathe kuthaneyulla kafeenil aadyathethinte moonnilonnu kafeen (elakalile motham kafeente 23 sathamaanam) adangiyirikkunnu.

