
parambaraagatha prakshepanam

naravamshashaasthranjanaaya chaals eph vikasippichedutha bhaashayude 13 design savisheshathakalil onnaanu parambaraagatha prakshepanam (saamskaarika prakshepanam ennum ariyappedunnu). mrugangalude ashayavinimayathil ninnu manushya bhaashayude savisheshathakale verthirichariyaan hookkat. vimarsanaathmakamaayi, mrugangalude ashayavinimayam pathimoonnu savisheshathakalil chilath pradarshippichekkaam, pakshe avayellaam orikkalum pradarshippikkilla. mrugangalude ashayavinimayathil ninnu manushyane verthirikkunna nirnaayaka savisheshathakalilonnaayaan ithu saadhaaranayaayi kanakkaakkappedunnath, koodaathe bhasha oru samoohathinullil saamoohikamaayi padikkappedunnu enna vaadathinu ganyamaaya pinthuna nalkunnu, allathe janithaka anantharaavakaashathinte vazhikaliloodeyulla vivarangal nedunna janmana allah.
churukkatthil, parambaraagatha prakshepana ashayam bhasha oru thalamurayil ninnu adutha thalamurayilekku kaimarunna prakriya vishadeekarikkunnu. eee reethiyil, ithu palappozhum saamskaarika kaimaattam ennum ariyappedunnu, avide ithu aavarthichulla padanatthinte oru samvidaanamaanu. saadhaarana prakriyakalil anukaranam allengil adhyapanavum ulppedum. eee maathruka uddeshikkunnathu, athe reethiyil bhasha nediya mattullavaril samanamaaya perumattangal nireekshikkunnathiloode, athaayath eee sandarbhathil bhasha, padithaakkal saamskaarika swabhaavam nedunnu ennaanu. shaasthreeya american "samsaarathinte uthbhavam" ennathil ithu oru pradhana vyathyaasamaan, avide parambaraagatha prakshepanatthe hookkat nirvachikkunnath "eathoru bhaashayudeyum vishadamaaya kanvenshanukal padanathiloodeyum adhyaapanathiloodeyum janithakamattam cheyyappedunnu" ennaanu. samskaaram manushyavamshathinu maathramullathallengilum, manushya samoohathil bhashayaayi svayam prakadippikkunna reethi valare vyathirikthamaan, eee savisheshathayude oru pradhana swabhaavam saamoohika grouppukalude gadakamaanu.
saamoohika samghangal.
saamoohika grouppukalude saamoohika pashchaathalamaanu parambaraagatha prakshepanatthinu udaaharanam. american saamoohyashaasthranjan sii.echu. praadhamika grouppukalile sanbarkkathinte adisthaanathil cooley saamoohika grouppukale tharamthirikkunnu. saamoohika samghadana" (1909) enna thante prabandhatthil addeham praadhamika grouppukale (kudumbam, kalisamghangal, ayalpakkangal, muthirnnavarude samooham) "mukhaamukham aduppavum sahakaranavum" ullava ennu visheshippikkunnu."mattu saamoohikashaasthranjar mattu tharatthilulla vargeekaranangal nadathiyittundengilum, kooliyude vargeekaranavum vivaranavum parambaraagatha kaimaattam enna aashayathin kooduthal baadhakamaan. maathaapithaakkalude adutha thalamurayilekku bhasha engane adisthaana thalatthil kaimaattam cheyyappedunnu ennathumaayi aduppamulla edapedalukalude ashayam poruthappedunnu.
thathfalamaayi, eee chinthadhaara pinthudarunna saamoohika grouppukal oru thalamurayil ninnu adutha thalamurayilekku bhasha kaimaattam cheiyunnathil avibhaajya punk vahikkunnu. eee ashayathe pinthunaykkunna reethiyil, parambaraagatha vyaapanathil saamoohika grouppukalude praadhaanyam saamoohika ottappedalukalude saannidhyathil chithreekarikkappedukayum kuttikalkk oru bhasha phalapradamaayi nedaanulla kazhivillaayma undaakukayum cheiyunnu. saamoohika ottappedalil valarnna oru kutty saadhaaranayaayi "krooranaaya kutty/vanyanaaya kutty" ennu vilikkum. bhaashayude abhaavathiloode kadannupokukayum parambaraagatha pakarchavyaadhiyude vaadathinu vishwasaneeyamaaya pinthuna nalkukayum cheytha rakshappeduthiya "vanya" kuttikalude chila classic cases padanangal inipparayunna udaaharanagal pradarshippikkunnu.
pothuvaayi ariyappedunna chila udaaharanangalil iva ulppedunnu
1) anna-(1932ll janichathu)
pensylvaniayil ninnulla anna niyamavirudhatha kaaranam svakaaryamaayi valarnnu. 
aarr vayassullappol rakshappedunnathuvare, poshakaaharakkuravullathum anangaan kazhiyathathumaaya avale oru melkkoorayil olippichu thadavilaakki. ithu avalude bhaashaasheshiyude abhaavathinu kaaranamaayi. rakshappettukazhinjaal, annaykku bhashaaparamaaya vivarangal labikkukayum nirddeshangal manasilakkaanulla kazhivu kaanikkukayum cheythuvenkilum aathyanthikamayi orikkalum samsarikkaan kazhinjilla.
2) jeaney-(1957ll janichathu)
bhaashaashaasthraparamaayi otappetta kuttikalude ettavum pradhanappetta udaaharanangalilonnaanu jeaney. 13-aamm vayassil maathram rakshapetta jeaney bhasha inputtinu aparyapthamaayi vidheyanaavukayum rakshappeduthumbol bhasha sheshi prakadippikkukayum cheythu. ennittum, avalude saamoohika vrithangalil ninnu vanna bhashaaparamaaya nirddeshangal kondu, jeaney kramena ashayavinimayam nedi, pakshe athu nannayitt allengil sugamamaayittalla.
3) averan vijayi-(1788-ll janichathu)
padicha aadyakaala vanyaraaya kuttikalil oraalaayirunnu victor. 12-aamm vayassil rakshapetta addeham ettu thavana samskaarathil ninnu oodippoyi, oduvil oru yuva medical vidyaarthi addehathe ashayavinimayam nadatthaan parisheelippikkaan shramichu. lalithamaaya vaakkukal vaayikkunnathilum manassilakkunnathilum vijayi sradheyamaaya purogathi kaanichu. ennirunnaalum, addeham orikkalum praadhamika thalathinappuram purogamichittilla.
praadhaanyam.
parambaraagatha prakshepanathekkurichum athu bhasha kaivashappeduthalil oru pradhana naazhikakkallaayirikkunnath enthukondaanennum varumbol oru pradhana pariganana bhaashaapatana reethikalil athinte swaadheenamaanu. saamoohika edapedalukaliloodeyum adhyaapanathiloodeyum nadappaakkaliloodeyum patanam nedunnuvennu parambaraagatha prakshepanam swaabhaavikamaayum soochippikkunnu. bhasha patana reethikalekkurichu parayumbol ithu gaveshanathe swaadheenikkukayum manushyante arivineyum bhasha ghadanayeyum kurichulla nammude daaranaye baadikkukayum cheiyunnu. bhasha engane padippikkanamennum athu engane kaimaranamennum ithu nirnnayikkunnu. saamoohikamaayi padichathum saamskaarikamaayi kaimaattam cheyyappettathumaaya oru samvidaanamaayi bhasha prakadamaakunna parambaraagatha prakshepanatthinte kazhchappadil, bhasha ettedukkal yaanthrikavum vyakthiye sthaapichirikkunna nilavile anthareeksham nerittu baadhikkunnathumaanu. ithu oru jaiva nirmmaanatthil ninnu bhasha ettedukkalinte aamukham neekkam cheiyunnu. parambaraagatha prakshepanam jaivashaasthraparamaayi vishadeekarikkunnathinuparikar, bhaashayude roopakalppana savisheshathakal parambaraagatha prakshepanatthil ninnaan uthbhavikkunnathenna saadhyatha ithu avatharippikkunnu. theerchayaayum, melpparanjava praadhaanyamarhikkunnathil, bhashakal padaneeyathaykkaayi saamskaarika thiranjeduppil earppedunnu ennaanu ithinartham, avide swathasidhathayude anumaanam aprasakthavum athijeevanathinte aavasyakatha kaaranam bhashakal kaalakramena poruthappedunnu. bhaashakalekkurichulla padanatthil, prathyekichu avayude gunangal, ghadana, kaalakramena allengil manushyacharithrathiludam athu innathe samvidaanamaayi engane vikasichu ennathil melpparanjava oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu; bhaashayekkurichum manushyavamshathekkurichum bhaashayekkurichum manushyabodhathekkurichum bhaashayekkurichum athijeevanathilekkulla paathayekkurichum vilapetta ulkkazhchakal nalkunnu.
bhaashayude chila vashangal janmana undakamenkilum, manushyavargam avarude bhasha kazhivu mattu samsaarikkunnavaril ninnu nirnaayakamaayi nedunnu ennathinaal oru design savisheshathayenna nilayil parambaraagatha prakshepanam pradhaanamaan. ithu pala mrugangalude ashayavinimaya samvidaanangalil ninnum vyathyasthamaan, kaaranam mikka mrugangalum athijeevanathinu aavashyamaaya swathasidhamaaya arivum kazhivukalum ullavaraan. udaaharanathinu, thaine theneechakalkku vaglil nritham avatharippikkanum manassilakkaanumulla janmasidhamaaya kazhivundu.
vivaadangalum vimarsanangalum.
parambaraagatha vyaapanathinte saadhuthayekkurichulla pradhana vaadam ellaayppozhum saamoohikavum jaivaparavumaya nirmmaanamaan. bhasha oru sahajamaaya sahajaavabodhamaayirikkunnathim saamoohikamaayi padippikkukayum padikkukayum cheiyunnu enna ashayam varshangalayi charchayude oru minefieldaanu. prathyekichum, bhasha janithakaparamayi padippikkunnathinekkur ashayam ennamatta vimarsanangalkk vidheyamaayittundu. eee vimarsanangal kooduthalum american bhaashaashaasthranjanaaya noom chomskyudeyum addehathinte chinta sanbradaayathinteyum vakthaakkalil ninnaan. ulppaadana vyaakaranathinte pinthunakkaaranaayirunnu chomsky. bhashakal padikkunnathinum ettedukkunnathinumulla swathasidhamaaya kazhivu manushyarkkundennu adhehavum anuyaayikalum vishwasichu. eee sidhaantham oru priming sthalathu ninnu bhasha patanam nadakkunna bhaashayude janmasidhamaaya sheshi oohikkunnu.
athupole, manushyarkk jananasamayath oru prathyeka bhasha inputt undennathaanu chomskyude kaazhchappaad, athinaal vyakthiyil ithinakam nilavilulla vyaakarana ghadanaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla nirvvahanamaayi bhasha patanam nadakkunnu. ulppaadana vyaakarana ashayathe kooduthal pinthunaykkunnathinaayi "oru bhasha samsaarikkunna thaddesheeyarude kaivashamulla bhashaaparamaaya arivinte samvidaanam" enna nilayil bhashaaparamaaya kazhivu enna ashayavum chomsky avatharippichu. bhashaaparamaaya prakadanatthinu vipareethamaayi (yadhaarthathil ucharikkunnathu) bhashaaparamaaya kazhivu maanasikaavasthakal, chinta prakriyakal, bhashayumaayi bandhapetta praathinidyangal ennivayil shradha kendreekarikkunnu. maruvashathu, bhashaaparamaaya prakadanatthe koomptik saahacharyangalilum saahacharyangalilum bhaashayude vyakthamaaya upayogamaayi chomsky nirvachichirikkunnu. bhaashayude uthppaadanavum grahyavum sambandhicha ashayangal ithil ulppedunnu. prakadanavum kazhivum thammilulla pradhana vyathyasam samsara pishakukalude vyathiyaanamaan, avide oraalkk bhaashayude poornnamaaya kazhivu undayirikkaam, pakshe ennittum, prakadanatthile samsara pishakukalkk keezhadangunnu, kaaranam kazhivum prakadanavum adisthaanaparamaayi bhaashayude rund vyathyastha vashangalaan.
generative vyakaranavumaayi bandhapetta, chomsky oru "saarvathrika vyakaranam" enna ashayavum nirddeshichu, athil oru prathyeka koottam bhasha gadanaaparamaaya niyamangal ellah manushya bhashakalkkum saarvathrikamaanennu addeham avakaashappedunnu, ithu valare vivaadaparamaaya vishayamaan, avayilonnu evansinteyum levinsoninteyum (2009) pramukha prabandhamaanu. kuttikal bhasha eluppathil nediyedukkaanulla kaaranam bhasha thathwangalude swathasidhamaaya pravanathayaanennu chomsky vishwasichu, athu sankeernamaaya bhasha pravarthanangalil praaveenyam nedaan avare praptharaakkunnu. kuttikal bhasha nedunnathinaayi muthaledukkunna upakaranamaayi saamskaarika padanavum thalamurakaliludaneelam prakshepanavum avatharippikkunna parambaraagatha prakshepana aashayangalkk ithu prathyekichum vivaadamaanu. mothatthil, chomskyude ashayangalum sidhaanthangalum hokkattinte roopakalppana savisheshathakalkk pradhana ethir kazhchappadayi pravartthikkukayum innum bhaashaashaastra patana mekhalayil valare vivaadaparavum gaveshanathinte prabalamaaya mekhalayaayi thudarukayum cheythu.
mattoru vashath, parinaama bhaashaashaasthrathinte mekhalayil, wasewix siviksinsky hokkattinte roopakalppana savisheshathakalkkum aadhunika bhasha parinaama gaveshanavumaayi addehathinte kaazhchappaad valiyathothil poruthappedaathathu enthukondaanennum mothatthil vaadichu. parambaraagatha prakshepanatthinaayi, avar vaadikkunnathu "angane sangalppikkappetta saamskaarika/parambaraagatha prakshepanatthile prashnam, athu veendum, maadhyamathinte gunangalumayi poornnamaayum bandhappettirikkunnu ennathaanu, athaayath.iii. shabda paattenukal. avarude vaadamanusarichu, ithu upariplavamaayi maathrameyulloo, manushya saamskaarika vyaapanathekkurich yadhaarthathil praadhaanyamullathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. shabdanirmmaanathinte nirnaayaka kaalaghattangal (marler, peettezhs 1987), shabda padanatthinte mattu mekhalakal thudangiya mekhalakalile thaarathamya gaveshanam bhasha parinaamathinu prasakthiyulla badal kaazhchappaadukal uyarthumennu avar avarude prabandhatthil nirddeshikkunnu. athinaal, parambaraagatha vyaapanathodulla avarude vimarsanangal padanathiloodeyum adhyaapanathiloodeyum adhika janithaka vyaapanathe maathram aasrayikkunnathinupakaram bhashaykkulla manushyarude swathasidhamaaya kazhivinekkurichulla oru ithara aashayathilekku viral choondunnathaayi thonnunnu.