
sthaananirnnaya sidhaantham

vyakthikal thammilulla edapedalukalude savisheshatha vyakthamaakkunna saamoohika manashaasthratthile oru sidhaanthamaanu positioning sidhaantham. "avakashangal, kadamakal, kadamakal ennivayumaayi bandhappett oru vyakthiyude vishwaasangalude maattaavunna shekharamaayi "sthaanam" nirvachikkaam. "positioning" ennathu taniko mattullavarko rolukal nalkukayo nirasikkukayo cheiyunna samvidaanamaanu. bhaaviyile pravrithikalude athirukalum aalukal parayukayum pravartthikkukayum cheiyunnathinte ardhangalum nirnnayikkunna melinja veshangalum kathakalum eee sidhaantham vivarikkunnu. manasshaasthranjanaaya leve vaigotsky pravartthanatthe, prathyekichu addehathinte soonn oof proximal development (isad. pii. dii) sidhaanthathe aaspadamaakkiyaanu eee sidhaantham vikasikkunnath. sthaanangal, samsaram, mattu pravrithikal, avayil ninnu undaakunna kathaasaahithyangal ennivayude paraspara aashrithathvathinu ithu oonnal nalkunnu; eathenkilum oru vashathe maattam mattu randineyum badhikkunnu. saamoohikavum vyakthigathavum daarmmikavumaaya gadakangal pariganichukondu oru vyakthiyude prathyeka perumaattam manasilakkunnathinulla oru chattakkood eee sidhaantham nalkunnu.
sthaanangal engane ettedukkunnu ennathine adisthaanamaakki moonnu sthaanakramangalundu onnaam, randaam, moonnaam krama sthaananirnnayam. saahacharyathinte prathyekathakale aashrayich positioning vividha tharangalayi tharamthirikkaam; ivayil svayam, mattu, nishabdam, manahpoorvamaaya, samvedanaathmakam, prathifalippikkunna, dhaarmikam, vyakthiparamaaya, parokshavum maarakavumaya positioning enniva ulppedunnu. 1990kalil positioning sidhaantham uthbhavichath positioninga svayam charcha cheiyunna uthppaadanam enna thalakkettilulla prabandhatthil ninnaan, ithu "swaarthathayude oru saamoohika manahshaasthram vikasippikkunnathil punk enna ashayam upayogikkunnathil antharleenamaaya prashnangalekkurichulla charchayil ninnu" uyarnnuvanna oru prashnam pariharikkan nokki. athinte thudakkam muthal, bronvin davis, roome haare, lukk vaan langenhove, fatali moghattam ennivarude sambhaavanakalode positioning sidhaantham kooduthal vikasippicheduthittundu. eee sidhaantham saamoohika vyavahara vishakalanathin oru ghadana nalkiyittundu, vividha saamoohika saahacharyangal padikkaan ithu upayogichittundu. vidyaabhyaasam, naravamshashaasthram, ashayavinimayam, raashtrashaasthram thudangiya mekhalakalilekku athinte prayogam vyaapichittund.
avalokanam.
vyakthikal avarude munbilulla niravadhi saadhyamaaya perumattangalil ninnu oru prathyeka perumaattatthilo allengil oru idungiya perumaattatthilo pravartthikkaan thiranjedukkunnathu enthukondaanennu manasilakkaan positioning sidhaantham oru chattakkood nalkunnu. "avakashangal, kadamakal, kadamakal ennivayude pashchaathalatthil vyakthikalkk ulla prathyeka vishwaasangalude oru shekharamaanu sthaanangal. avar maattathinu thayyaaraan (nischithamaaya "rolukalumaayi" thaarathamyappeduthumbol) koodaathe oru prathyeka reethiyil engane perumaaranamenn nirnnayikkaan oru vyakthiye sahaayikkunnathin oru adisthaana aditharayaanu. "positioning" ennathu rolukal nalkappedukayo viniyogikkukayo nirasikkappedukayo cheiyunna samvidaanangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu; vaakkaalullathum rekhaamoolamullathumaaya aavishkaaram, bhaashayude upayogam, samsaram, maanadandaparavum daarmmikavumaaya samvidaanangale adisthaanamaakkiyulla mattu pravartthanangal thudangiya charchaa pravarthanangaliloode vyakthikal thangaleyum mattullavareyum kettippadukkunna roopangalum ithil ulppedunnu. aalukalkk pravarthikkaanulla avasarangal mattu niravadhi aalukale aasrayichirikkunnu. jolikal nirvahikkunnathin, vyakthikal avarude swantham vaijnjaanika kazhivukalum mattullavarude kazhivukalum upayogikkunnu.
vyakthikal thangaleyum mattullavareyum sthaanappeduthunnathinu upayogikkunna vivaranagal gaveshakar padichu. avakashangal" (oru vyakthi mattullavarkk kadappettirikkunnath), "kadamakal" (oru vyakthi mattullavarkk kadappettirikkunnath) ennivayekkurichulla vyaakhyaanathe adisthaanamaakki vyakthikal (thangalkkum mattullavarkkum) sthaanangal engane ettedukkunnuvennu eee padanangal prathyekamaayi nokkunnu. eee sidhaanthathil maattaavunna, samshayaaspadavum hraswakaalavumaaya samsaarathinteyum pravrithiyudeyum kanvenshanukal ulppedunnu. rolukal thaarathamyena sthiravum sthiravumaaya roll sidhaanthathinu virudhamaanithu. oru vyakthi avarude katha engane nirmmikkunnuvennum athil avarude athmabodham, avarude kathayilum athiloodeyum prathinidheekarikkunna saamoohika pravartthanangal (samsaram ulppede), avar velippeduthunna sthaanangal enniva anweshikkaan eee sidhaantham upayogikkaam.
leve vaigotsky sidhaanthangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
leve vaigotskyeppolulla muun sidhaanthakarude pravarthanangalil positioning sidhaantham cherkkunnuvenn roome harrey fatali moghaddavum abhipraayappedunnu. positioning sidhaantham padanatthinum adhyaapanathinumulla vaigotskian sameepanangalumayi vyakthamaayi poruthappedunnu, koodaathe vyakthigathavum saamoohikavumaaya attributeukalkku oonnal nalki vidyaabhyaasa gaveshanathinu ithu baadhakamaan. nalla saamoohika pinthuna oru vyakthiye uyarnna maanasika pravartthanam nedunnathilekku nayikkumennu vaigotsky sidhaantham cheythu. vaigotsky soonn oof proximal developmentil (isad. pii. dii), muthirnnavarude pinthuna labhikkumbozho avarude samapraayakkaarumaayi sahakarikkumbozho oru padithaavinu jolikalil avarude prakadanam vardhippikkaan kazhiyum. aaa padithaavine pinthunaykkunna oru groupil varunna sthaanangalude vyathiyaanathin oonnal nalkikkond vaigotsky kruthiyile "vidavu" nikathaan positioning sidhaanthathinu kazhiyumennu harrey moghaddavum vishadeekarikkunnu.
positioning sidhaantham vidyaabhyaasa pashchaathalatthil pankedukkunnavarude vyakthiyum arivum eduthukaanikkunnu. atharam sandarbhangalil, rollum sthaanavum ovarlaappu cheiyunnathaayi thonniyekkaam, palarum oraalude punk vishadeekarikkunnathinula mattoru maargamaayi positioning kaanunnu. oru roll staatik aayathinal sandarbhathe aashrayich oru sthaanam maarunnathinal nirmmithikal thikachum vyathyasthamaan. oru "amma" yude punk udaaharanamaayi davy harrey eee vyathyasam vishadeekarikkunnu. oraalude jeevithathil oru amma vahikkunna pankinekkurichu pothuvaaya daaranayundu, ennaal aaa punk vahikkunna oro vyakthiyodum "amma" yekkurichulla aantharikamaaya daaranayaanu nashtappedunnathu. athaayath, oro vyakthikkum avante allengil avalude sthaanathe badhikkunna savisheshamaaya jeevithaanubhavamund. oraal oru ammayaakumenn pratheekshichekkaam, allengil oraal orikkalum eee sthaanathu undaakilla. koodaathe, aaa vyakthikk swantham ammayumaayi shakthamayatho moshamaayatho aaya bandham undayirikkaam. amma" enna aashayathodulla oraalude sthaanam nirnnayikkunna oro jeevithaanubhavathil ninnumulla vivaranangalude charithramund. oru adhyaapakante "sthaanam" ennathinekkaal oru adhyaapakante "punk" thammilulla vyathyasam nokkumbol ithu vidyaabhyaasaparamaaya sandarbhangalil prayogikkaam.
vyakthiparavum saamoohikavumaaya savisheshathakal.
sthaana trikona.
positioning aakttukalude saamoohika praadhaanyam vishadeekarikkaan oru rekhaachithram upayogikkaam. trikonatthinte ellah konukalum parasparam bandhappettirikkunnu; mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, trikonatthinte oru bhagam maarukayaanengil, mattu bhagangal maarunnu (udha.jii.katha maattunnath sthaanatheyum samsaaraprasthaanatheyum badhikkum). chila karyangal cheyyaanulla aalukalude kazhivu", "chila karyangal cheyyaanulla aalukalkk earppeduthiya niyanthranangal", "aalukal chila karyangal cheyyenda uddeshyangal ennivayude pravarthanamaanu aalukalkk cheyyaan kazhiyunnathennu harrey luke vaan langenhove vishadeekarikkunnu."
sthaanam.
sthaanathinu saamoohikavum vyakthigathavumaya gadakangalundenna ashayathe harrey moghaddavum vipuleekarikkunnu. vividha saamoohika sandarbhangalil oru vyakthiyude "hraswakaala tharkkaparamaaya avakashangal, kadamakal, kadamakal ennivayude oru koottam" ennaanu "sthaanam" ennu haare visheshippikkunnathu. eee avakashangalum kadamakalum kadamakalum vahikkunnath vyakthiyude swabhaavasavisheshathakalum vyakthithva savisheshathakalumaan. sthaanangalude roopeekaranathil paarambaryangalum aachaarangalum pradhana srothassukalaanu. churukkatthil, oru vyakthikk parayaano cheyyaano adhikaaramullath enthaanennu oru sthaanam sthaapikkunnu.
samsaaravum mattu pravartthanangalum.
oro saamoohika ardhavathaaya pravrithiyum, uddeshicha chalanavum, samsaaravum praadhaanyamulla oru pravrithiyaayi kaanam. uddeshicha oru pravrithiyude udaaharanamaanu chaadunnathu. oru vyakthi oru vasthuvin mukaliloode chaadaanum oru physical ejyukkeshan instructore pinthudaraanum vyayaamam cheyyaanum allengil mattoru vyakthikk pakarthaanaayi chalanathe maathrkayaakkaanum eee pravartthanam nadathunnundaakaam. amgeekritha dhaarmikamo saamoohikamo aaya perumattangalkkulla niyamangalkk keezhil thirichariyukayum athu nirvahikkunna pashchaathalatthil ardham nalkukayum cheythaal maathrame eee nadapadi pradhaanamaakoo. uchithamaaya oru sahacharyavum (udaaharanathinu, shaareerika vidyaabhyaasathinte oru vibhaagam) ardhavathaayathum prasakthavumaaya pravartthanangalum (udaaharanathinu, engane chaadanamennu kaanikkunna oru instructor) cheiyunna pravarthanatthinu (vidyaarthi chaadunnathu) munbu varanam. cheytha pravarthanatthinu anantharafalangalum undaakum (avarude chaadaan kazhiyunnathinte adisthaanathil tharamthirikkuka). oru prasamgapravartthanathinu mattoru prasamgapravartthanam nadatthaan kazhiyillengilum, puthiya sthaanangalum mattu prasamgapravartthanangalum sambhavikkunna kathaasaahithyangalude vikasanathilekku athu nayichekkaam, koodaathe mattu prasamgapravartthanangalkk ardhavum utharavaadithavum nalkaan kazhiyum.
katha.
samsaarathinteyum mattu pravrithikaludeyum falamaayi kathaasaahithyangal vikasikkunnu. eee saamoohika sambhavangal oru vyakthiyenna nilayilaanu varunnath, avarkk chuttumullavar aakhyaanangalude oru maathrkaykku sambhavana nalkunnu. aarkkaan pravartthikkaan avakaashamo kadamayo ullathennum allaathathennum avar engane pravarthikkaamennum kathakale kaanaan kazhiyum. oru katha vishadeekarikkumbol, oraalude sthaanam oru naayakanenna nilayil svayam soochippikkunnathinu kaaranamaayekkam, athesamayam mattoru vyakthikk athe vyakthiye villanaayi nilakollunna vyathyasthamaaya kathayundu. athinaal, kathayile oru maattam ulppetta vyakthikalude prarambha sthaanangale mattiyekkaam. vyakthikal parasparam samsaarikkumbol, avarude pravartthanangalum vaakkukalum avarkkum mattullavarkkum uddeshyapoornavum praadhaanyamullathumaayirin avarkk aakhyaanangalo kathaasaahithyangalo upayogikkaam.
dhaarmika maanam.
ellah saamoohika gadanakaleyum sveekaaryamaaya perumaattathinu niyamangal nischayikkunna dhaarmika utharavukalaayi kaanaan kazhiyum. samsaarapravarthanangal dhaarmika kramangal srishtikkukayum sajeevamaakkukayum cheiyunnu. chila dhaarmika utharavukalkku virudhamaayi perumarano puthiya dhaarmika utharavukal sthaapikkaano ulla saadhyathakalil ninnaan vyakthikalude swathanthramaayi pravarthikkaanulla kazhivu uruthirinjathu. oru vyakthi oru pravrithi cheyyumbol, avar oru vyakthiparamaaya dhaarmika kramam vikasippikkunnu (udha.jii.oraal nirutharavaadaparamo anuchithamo aayi kanakkaakkunna swantham perumaattatthe nyaayeekarikkuka). vyakthiparamaaya dhaarmika utharavukal chilappol ellah aalukalum pinthudarunnathinu nischayichittulla dhaarmika utharavukalekkaal shakthamaanenn kaanaan kazhiyum.
saamoohika saahacharyangal.
eee moonnu aashayangalumayi bandhappettirikkunnathil positioning sidhaantham eathoru saamoohika saahacharyathinteyum vishakalanam konduvarunnu
vyakthithvam.
positioning sidhaantham vyakthithvathinte rund vashangalil shradha kendreekarikkunnu
sthaananirnnayathinte tharangal.
sthaananirnnayathinulla oordarukal.
eathenkilum swaadheenathil ninnu swathanthramaayi oru vyakthi ettedukkunna sthaanatheyaanu phastt oordar positioning soochippikkunnathu. oru saamoohika parithasthithiyile mattullavarumayulla edapedalukalil ninnu phastt oordar positioningile maattangale second oordar positioning soochippikkunnu. moonnaam nira sthaananirnayathil, saamoohika paristhithiykku purathulla vyakthikal munkaala saamoohika edapedalukalaal swaadheenikkappedukayum avar nireekshichathinte adisthaanathil sthaanangal ettedukkukayum cheiyunnu.
svayam, mattu sthaanangal.
svayam sthaananirnayathil oru vyakthi svayam engane nilakollunnu ennathu ulppedunnu, athesamayam mattu sthaananirnayangal oru vyakthi mattullavare engane nilakollunnu ennathaanu. avaa kodpendant aanu; svayam sthaananirnayikkunnathinni, mattullavarude sthaanangal nirvachikkendathundu, thirichum.
nishabdavum manahpoorvavumaaya sthaanam.
saadhaaranayaayi sthaananirnayathinte aadya kramatthil, manappoorvamallaatha swabhaavamulla dainamdina edapedalukalil nishabda sthaananirnnayam ulppedunnu. kaalakramena antharleenamaayi padikkukayum aantharikamaakkukayum cheytha kaaryangalaan ithu. manahpoorvamaaya sthaananirnayathil bodhapoorvam anumaanikkappedunna sthaanangal ulppedunnu; anumaanikkappedunna sthaanathinte anthima lakshyathe aashrayich athine naalu bhagangalaayi tharamthirikkaam
samvedanaathmakavum reflexive positioning.
oru vyakthiyo oru koottam aalukalo avarude perumaattatthinteyum avar parayunnathinteyum adisthaanathil mattoru vyakthiye sthaanappeduthumbozhaanu samvedanaathmaka sthaanam pradarshippikkunnathu. mattullavarodu prathikarikkunnathil svayam nilakollunnathaanu reflexive positioning. rund ashayangalum vyakthamakkaan davikalum harrey oru vidyaarthiyum principal thammilulla aashayavinimayathinte oru udaaharanam upayogikkunnu oru vidyaarthi schoolil thoppi dharichu pidikkappedumbol, principal vidyaarthiyodu athu ooriyedukkaan aavashyappedunnu, pakshe vidyaarthi angane cheyyaan visammathikkukayum rund divasathe suspension sweekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. vidyaarthiyodu thoppi neekkam cheyyaan aavashyappettappol principal vidyaarthiyodu samvadikkunnathil earppedukayum addehathe vimathanaayi sthaapikkukayum cheythu. anusarikkaan visammathichappol vidyaarthi reflexive positioning prakadippichu. nirddishta edapedalukalil ninnu undaakunna kathaasaahithyangalo sthaanangalo chilappol bhaviyil bandhamillaattha kathaasaahithyangalilekku munnott kondupokaan kazhiyumennu davikalum harrey nirddeshichu (udaaharanathinu, munkaala edapedalukalumaayi bandhamillaattha bhaaviyile edapedalukalil vidyaarthiye principal vimathanaayi thudarnnekkaam).
dhaarmikavum vyakthiparavumaaya sthaanam.
oraal avarude rollinte avakashangal, kadamakal, kadamakal ennivaykku anusrithamaayi perumaarumbozhaanu dhaarmika sthaanam sambhavikkunnath. eee sthaanangal professor-vidyaarthi, rakshakarthaavu-kutty, allengil palacharakk clerk-upabhokthaav ennivayude roopathilaayirikkaam; oru prathyeka punk oru vyakthi oru prathyeka reethiyil pravartthikkunnathinum prathikarikkunathinum kaaranamaakunnu. oraalude vyakthigatha gunangaleyum jeevithaanubhavangaleyum adisthaanamaakkiyaanu vyakthigatha sthaanam sambhavikkunnath, ithu pothuvaayatho pratheekshichatho aaya rolumaayi poruthappedunnilla. udaaharanathinu, niyamam padicha oru vyakthikk niyama birudam illengilum kodathiyil svayam prathinidheekarikkam.
paroksha sthaanam.
paroksha sthaananirnayathe oru vyakthiye thannodum swantham koottam aagrahangalodum bandhappett anukoolamaayo prathikoolamaayo sthaapikkunnathinulla savisheshathakalude upayogamaayi kaanaan kazhiyum. oru prathyeka thalathinappuram avarude vaijnjaanika prakadanam (nirddishta jolikalumaayi bandhapetta) sariyaakkunnathil ninnu aaa vyakthiye niyanthrikkunna "viddiyaayi" svayam nilakolluka ennathaanu ithinte oru udaaharanam. ithu aareyengilum "nirutharavaadaparan" ennu visheshippikkunnathaayir, ithu oru nischitha thalatthilulla utharavaaditham aavasyamulla jolikal ettedukkunnathil ninnu aaa vyakthiye avarude saamoohika samgham ozhivaakkunnathin kaaranamakum. oru raashtrathinte nethaavine mothatthilulla raashtrathethanne sthaanappeduthunnathinu upayogikkunnathumaayi bandhappett parokshamaaya sthaananirnnayathinte oru udaaharanam harrey moghaddavum upayogikkunnu (udha.jii.europil jorjju dablyu. yeei paraamarshichu "kauboy president" enna vaachakam upayogikkunnu. bush americaye oru anjja raashtramaayi parokshamaayi nilakollunnu).
marakamaaya allengil dushicha sthaanam.
oru vyakthiyekkurichulla sambhashanam mattullavare aaa vyakthiye nishedaathmakamaayi chithreekarikkukayum athinte falamaayi avarodu moshamaayi perumaarukayum cheiyumbozhaanu marakamaaya allengil durudheshyakaramaaya sthaanam. vaikalyamulla oru vyakthiyekkurich oraalkk vimarsanaathmakamaaya veekshanam undayirikkaam, udaaharanathinu, eee pakshapathaparamaaya kazhchappadinekkurichu ariyaathe.
charithram.
1980kalile lingapatanangalil ninnaan positioning sidhaantham uthbhavichath. vestten sidani sarvakalaashaalayile vidyaabhyaasa professoraaya bronvin davis, sthaananirnnaya sidhaanthathile athmanishtatha, katha, vivaranam ennivayil vipuleekarikkaan feminist pandithanmaaril ninnu aakarshichu. thudarnnu, roome haare, lukk vaan langenhove, fatali moghattam ennivar sidhaanthathinte aadyaghattangalil thanne vikasanathinu sambhavana nalki. phastt-oordar sthaanangal, dhaarmikavum vyakthiparavumaaya sthaanam, nishabdavum manahpoorvavumaaya sthaanam, svayam, mattu sthaanam enniva thammilulla vyathyaasangal ulppede harrey vaan langenhove sidhaanthathinu aashayaparamaaya parishkkaranangal avatharippichu.
eee sidhaantham saamoohika vyavahara vishakalanathinulla oru chattakkoodayi maarukayum vividha saamoohika saahacharyangal padikkaan upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee sidhaantham saamoohika manahshaasthrathil veroonniyittundengil, vidyaabhyaasam, naravamshashaasthram, ashayavinimaya padanangal, jolisthala ejansi, rashtreeya aidantitti padanangal, public relations, straattajik communication thudangiya mekhalakalil ithu upayogichittundu.

