
khattharile uragangalude pattika

arabikkadalinte bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna arabikkadalinte kizhakk bhagathaayi sthithi cheiyunna oru rajyamaanu khatthar. 30 inam uragangal
 rajyath thaamasikkunnathayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. raajyathinte bhooribhaagavum varandathaanu, ayalrajyamaaya soudi arabiaykku sameepam thekk bhaagath manalkkunnukalude saannidhyamund.
varanda, nagara, samudra enningane moonnu tharatthilulla paristhithiyaanu khatharilullathu. samudranirappil ninnu 103 meter maathram uyaramullathinal thaarathamyena uyarathilum thaazhnnathilum thulyamaanu raajyam.
apakadakaramennu kanakkaakkappedunna niravadhi enangalundu, athinaal oru vismayam adayaalam (!) manushyarkk dosham varuthunna oru inathe hailait cheyyaan upayogikkum, koodaathe kuranjathu oru manushya maranathinu mrugamaanenkil oru thalayotti ()
kadalamakal.
kramam testudains famili chelonidae
cosmopolitan vitharanamulla kadalaamakalude oru kudumbamaanu chelonidae. anchu janussukalilayi ezhu enangal eee kudumbatthilundu. eee enangalil randennam khattharil rekhappeduthiyittundu.
letherback aama.
kramam testudains famili dermochelidae
charitraparamaayi 7 inam aamakalulla aamakalude oru kudumbamaanu dermochelidae. nilavil, letherback aama enna oru inam maathrame ippozhum nilanilkkunnulloo. ithu athinte kramatthile ettavum valia amgavum sharashari pindatthinte kaaryatthil moonnaamathe valia uragavumaan.
. apoorvamaanengilum ithu rajyath report cheyyappettittund.
jecos.
kramam skvaamaatta famili geconidae
cosmopolitan pallikalude oru valia kudumbamaanu geconidae. aayirathiladikam enangalulla sradheyamaaya vaividhyamaarnna kudumbamaanith. kaalviralukalil prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheytha paadukal vahikkunna gecosinu niravadhi prathalangalil phalapradamaaya ottikkal nalkunnu. praadeshikamaayi "briyasi" ennariyappedunna khattharil kuranjathu 10 enangalenkilum undu.
agamids.
kramam skvaamaatta famili agamiday
niravadhi aavaasavyavasthakalilaayi vyaapichukidakkunna pazhaya loka pallikalude oru valia kudumbamaanu agamiday. aagolathalathil, eee kudumbatthil ekadesham 350 enangalundu. 
charmmangal.
kramam skvaamaatta famili syncidae
skinks ennariyappedunna pallikalude oru kudumbamaanu syncidae. 1500-ladhikam enangal ulkkollunna eee kudumbam eee kramatthile ettavum valia kudumbangalilonnanu.
. avaa praadhamikamaayi bhoumavum keedabhakshanavumaanu. 
nireekshanam.
kramam skvaamaatta famili varanidae
pazhaya lokathile valare kollayadikkunnathum vishamullathumaya pallikalude oru kudumbamaanu varanidae. ekadesham 45 enangalundu, avayilonnu khattharil kaanapedunnu. 
yadhaartha pallikal.
kramam skvaamaatta famili lackertiday
pallikalude oru vaividhyamaarnna kudumbamaanu lacaretidae, athil muzhuvan upavibhaagavum athinte peru uruthirinju.
palearctic puzhu-palli.
kramam skvaamaatta famili trogonophidae
amphisbanian kudumbatthile oru kudumbamaanu trogonophidae. avarkk kaikalukalonnumilla, praadhamikamaayi bhoogarbha jeevitashailiyil earppedunnu. 
collibridukal.
kramam skvaamaatta famili colubridae
230-ladhikam enangalulla paambukalude ettavum valia kudumbamaanu colubridae. avaa praadhamikamaayi kanstraktarukalaanu, ennirunnaalum visham adangiya chila enangalundu.
kadal paambukal.
kramam skvaamaatta famili hydrophyne
hydrophyne paambukalude oru kudumbamaanu, avayil bhooribhaagavum valare vishamullavayaan. avaa theeradesha parithasthithikalil vasikkukayum jalajeevithathin prathyekamaayi anuyojyamaavukayum cheiyunnu.
vypparukal.
kramam skvaamaatta famili vaipparidae
bhooribhaagam pradhana bhookhandangalilum kaanapedunna valare vishamulla paambukalude oru kudumbamaanu vaipparidae. 200-ladhikam enangalulla thaarathamyena vaividhyamaarnna oru kudumbamaanith.
booas.
kramam skvaamaatta famili boiday
ushnamekhalaa, ardha-ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalil vasikkunna visharahithamaaya sankeernna paambukalude oru kudumbamaanu boiday. eee kudumbatthil 40-ladhikam enangalundu.
elapids.
kramam skvaamaatta famili elapidae
valichedukkaan kazhiyaatha nakhangalulla valare vishamulla paambukalude oru kudumbamaanu elapidae. ithil ariyappedunna nagangalum ulppedunnu. eee kudumbatthil 300-ladhikam enangalundu.

