
sinkranas, asinkranas signalingukalude thaarathamyam

sinkranas, asinkranas traansmissionukal transmission synchronisationte rund vyathyastha reethikalaanu. sinkranas traansmissionukal oru baahya clock upayogichu samanvayippikkappedunnu, athesamayam asinkranas traansmissionukal transmission maadhyamathil prathyeka signalukal upayogichu samanvayippikkunnu.
samanvayippikkalinte aavasyakatha.
oru electronic upakaranam digital (chilappol analog) daatta mattonninilekku kaimaarumbozhellaam, rund upakaranagalkkidayil oru nischitha thaalam sthaapikkanam, athaayath.iii.oro yoonit daattayum evide ninnu aarambikkunnuvennum evide avasaanikkunnuvennum nirnnayikkunna, sweekarikkunna upakaranathinu athu sweekarikkunna ettakkurachilukalla signalinte pashchaathalatthil enthengilum maarggam undaayirikkanam.
samanvayippikkal reethikal.
aashayavinimayathinte rund attangalum samanvayippikkaan rund vazhikalundu.
sinkranas signalling reethikal rund vyathyastha signalukal upayogikkunnu.
oru signalil oru pulse soochippikkunnathu mattoru signalil mattoru bitt vivarangal thayyaaraakumbozhaan.
asinkranas signalling reethikal oru signal maathrame upayogikkunnulloo.
traansmittar bitt nirakkum ("autobad") samayavum kandethunnathinum transmission nirakkumayi samanvayippikkunnathinu oru ghattam-loock cheytha lupe (pii. ell. ell) upayogichu sariyaaya samayathilekku oru praadeshika clock sajjamakkunnathinum reseiver aaa signalil parivartthanangal upayogikkunnu.
praadeshika klokkil ninnulla oru pulse mattoru bitt eppol thayyaaraanenn soochippikkunnu.
sinkranas transmission.
sinkranas ashayavinimayangalil, kaimaattam cheyyenda daattayude stream oru vayarile ettakkurachilukalla volteju levalukalaayum ('daatta'), oru prathyeka vayarile ('clock' allengil 'strobe' ennu vilikkunnu) voltejinte periodic pulsayum encode cheiyunnu, ithu reseaverode "nilavile daatta bitt eee samayat 'saadhuthayullathaanu' ennu parayunnu.
praayogikamaayi ellah samanthara ashayavinimaya protocolukalum sinkranas transmission upayogikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, oru computeril, vilasa vivarangal samanvayippichaanu kaimarunnathu-vilasa basile vilasa bittukal, kantrol basinte vaayikkukayo ezhuthukayo cheiyunna strobukal.
poojyatthinte athe samayaparidhiyil rund parivartthanangal undaakumbol oru logical soochippikkunnu. maanchastar codingle thaazhnnathil ninnu uyarnnathilekkulla parivartthanam onnine soochippikkunnu, uyarnnathil ninnu thaazhnnathilekkulla parivartthanam poojyathe soochippikkunnu. thudarchayaayavayo poojyangalo ullappol, adutha parivartthanatthinum signalinumaayi thayyaaredukkunnathinu samayaparidhiyude arikil vipareeta parivartthanam aavasyamaanu.
asinkranas transmission.
ettavum saadhaaranamaaya asinkranas signalling, asinkranas staartt-stopp signalling, oru sthiramaaya 'bitt' samayam upayogikkunnu (kanakshante iruvashathum +/- 5 sathamaanam local oosilettar aavasyamaanu). eee reethi upayogichu, reseiver 'phastt' edju transition kandethunnu... (staartt bitt), 'araa bitt dairkhyam' kaathirikkukayum thudarnnu signalinte moolyam vaayikkukayum cheiyunnu. adutha dattaa bitt 'reed' cheiyunnathinu munbu oru 'muzhuvan bitt dairkhyathinte' kaalathamasam nadappilaakkunnu-muzhuvan seeriyal vaakkinteyum (saadhaaranayaayi 7/8-dattaa bittukal) dairkhyathinaayi aavarthikkunnu. oru oopshanal paarity bitt dattaa bittukale pinthudarukayum stopp bittukalkk (kall) munbaayi pravartthikkukayum cheiyunnu. avasaanamaayi, dattaa vedinte avasaanam thirichariyunnathinum adutha staartt bitt kaimaarumbol oru bitt transition undennu urappakkunnathinum onno athiladhikamo stopp bittukal cherkkunnu.
saadhaarana asinkranas seeriyal ashayavinimayangalil upayogikkunna padaghadana staartt-daatta [0:7]-paarity [oopshanal; 0]-stopp [0:1] aanu. ashayavinimayam nadakkunnathinu munbu traansmit, reseave nodukal krameekarikkumbol eee formatting variableukal vyakthamaakkunnu.
bitt dairkhyam nirnnayikkunnath nominated bitt nirakkil ninnu bitt perr secondil (bitt/seey) aanu... 300, 1200, 9600, 19200, 115200 muthalaayava. seeriyal chaanalukalude aadhunika prayogatthil bowd enna vaakkinte upayogam karsanamaayi shariyalla. 
oru ooppan surcuted avastha (break) thirichariyaan prathyeka level & timing vyavasthakal kandethunnu.