kozhi, naaya, kurukkan

kozhi, naaya, kurukkan enniva eesoppinte kettukadhakalilonnaanu, ithu perry soochikayil 252-aamm nambaraayi kaanapedunnu. kurukkan, kakka, chantikkilar, kurukkan thudangiya pakshikale oru vettakkaaran pongacham paratthunna mattu kettukadhakalumaayi ithinu saamyamundengilum, ithil kozhi irayaakunnathinekkaal vijayiyaan. eee kathayude kizhakkan vakabhedangalum undu.
kathayude pathippukal.
greak kathayil, oru kozhiyum oru naayay orumichu oru yaathraykk pookunnu. raathriyil, kozhi oru maratthil vasikkumbol naaya athinte verukalil valayunnu. raavile kozhi koovumbol, athu oru kurukkane aakarshikkukayum athu souhrudaparamaaya neekkangal nadathukayum paksiye thazheyirakkaan sramikkukayum cheythu. vaathil thurakkaan porterode aavashyappeduka, angane athu puratthuvaraan kazhiyumennu paranju kozhi sammathikkunnu. urangunna naayayude mail kurukkan idari veezhukayum kollappedukayum cheiyunnu.
eee prameyathinte oru purathana indian vakabhedam budhamatha thiruvezhuthukalil "kukkuda-jathaka" enna peril prathyakshappettu. ivide oru kollayadikkunna poocha, matellaa pakshikaleyum konnu, vivaham vaagdaanam cheyth kozhiye keezhppedutthaan shramikkunnu, pakshe avan vanchikkappedaruthu, poochaye athinte muun vadhathinu apalapikkunnu. padinjaarottulla yaathrayil, katha oduvil ayiram oru raathrikalil ulppeduthukayum richard eph vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. kozhiyudeyum kurukkanteyum manoharamaaya charithram" ennaanu burton. kurukkante niravadhi vaachaadopangalaal vipuleekaricha eee pathipp, vettakkaarum vettakkaarum thammil saarvathrika sauhrudam prakhyaapichuvenna vaarthayode mrugam kozhiye oru chumaril ninnu thazheyirakkaan sramikkunnathu enganeyennu vivarikkunnu. kurukkante nalla vaakkukal polum amgeekarikkaan kozhi visammathikkunnu, pakshe mrugangalude raajaavinte doothanmaaraayirikkenda greyhoundukal avarude aduthekku oodunnathu thanikk kaanaan kazhiyumennu oduvil thanikk bodhyamundennu prakhyaapikkunnu. prakopithanaaya kurukkan pookaan thudangumbol, kozhi avanodu kaaranam chodikkunnu; samadhaanam prakhyaapikkumbol naaykkal illaayirunnuvennu thaan bhayappedunnuvennu kurukkan marupadi nalkunnu.
kathayude eee pathipp europile kathayude punarvivaranatthil swaadheenam chelutthi. poggio brachioliniyude (1450) "facisia" yude haasya kathakalil ithu aadyakaalathaayi kaanapedunnu, avide olichodunna kurukkan samadhaanam prakhyaapichathaayi naaykkal ithuvare kettitlennu maathram vishadeekarikkunnu. fraansil gillom gueroltinte (1550) chinnangalude aadya pusthakatthil eee katha veendum prathyakshappettu. avide aaa kettukatha deerghamaayi parayappedukayum kurukkane avishwasikkunnathinaal samshayaaspadamaaya kozhi aduthuvarunna vettakkaarekkurichulla report kandupidichathayi vishadeekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. kathayude ardhathinte sangrahathodeyaanu parayal munkootty parayunnatha "thanthranjanu onnara thanthranjan varunnu" ("oru trompere, trompere ettu demi"). jeane dii laa fontaine kathaye "leeii kookk ettu leeii renard" (ii.15) ennu veendum paranjappol, thante uravidathe prathidhwanikkunna oru dhaarmmikathayode avasaanippichukondu addeham jeroltine upayogichathinu adivarayittu paranju "thanthranjane kabalippikkunnathil santhosham erattiyaayi" ("c 'est double playsir dii tramper leeii trampere").
eee kettukadhayude greak, ooriyantal pathippukal taamasiyaathe aashayakkuzhappathilayi. francis barloyude kettukadhakalude sachitra pathippil (1687), afra benninte engleesh padhya sangraham kizhakkan katha parayunnu, kozhi ingane nigamanam cheiyunnu "njaan ente shakti upekshikkunnilla, innu shariyaanenkil, naale 'twill angane aayirikkum.maruvashathu, eesoppinte vivaranathe anugamikkunna laattin gadya sangraham, vanchanaye vanchanayode neridanamennu nigamanam cheiyunnu.
kalaparamaaya vyaakhyaanangal.
bii. sii. iii. 150 muthalulla bharhat sthoopathil ninnulla "kozhiyudeyum poochayudeyum" oru kothupaniyundu, athu ippol kalkattayile indian myoosiyathil pradharshippichirikkunnu. eesoppinte kettukatha europile gaarhika chainayil kaanam, ennaal "chantikalarum kurukkanum" enna katha naayayude roopamillaathe uddeshichullathaano ennu ellaayppozhum vyakthamalla. chelsey porsaline faaktariyil ninnulla 18-aamm noottaandile alankaara madhurapalahaarathil naaya munvashath undu, athesamayam maarkk chaagalinte 1952 parambarayile laa fontaininte kettukadhakalaaya kothupanikalil naaya akale ninnu oodunnathaayi kaanikkunnu.
laa fontaininte kathayude pathipum niravadhi sangeethanjjar sajjeekarichittund

