
avalambangal

oru srothassinekkurichulla oru paraamarsamaanu oru avalambam. kooduthal krithyamaayi paranjaal, oru boudhika kruthiyude mukhyabhaagathu ulcherthirikkunna oru samkshiptha alphanumeric padaprayogamaanu avalambam, athu udharanikal drishyamaakunna sthalathu charchaa vishayavumaayi mattullavarude kruthikalude prasakthi amgeekarikkunnathinaayi kruthiyude grandhasoochika paraamarsha vibhaagathil oru entriye soochippikkunnu.
saadhaaranayaayi, inn-body saiteshan, bibliographic entry ennivayude samyojanam saadhaaranayaayi oru siteshanaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu (athesamayam bibliographic entrikal svayam allah).
udharanikalkku niravadhi pradhana uddeshyangalundu. boudhika sathyasandhatha uyarthippidikkunnathini avakaashavaadangal shakthippeduthunnathinu avayude upayogangal saadhaaranayaayi adhyapana saamagrikalilum stail guideukalilum (udha.jii.), muun srothassukalilekkulla ulkkaazhchakalude sariyaaya attribution eee uddeshyangalil onnu maathramaan. avalamba-sanbradaayangalude bhashaaparamaaya vishakalanam soochippikkunnathu oru prathyeka vishayathekkurichulla arivinte avastha krameekarikkunnathilum nilavilulla arivile vidavukal thirichariyunnathilum allengil anweshanangal thudaraano aavarthikkaano ulla mekhalakal vivarikkunnathilum avaa nirnaayaka punk vahikkunnu ennaanu. gaveshakar nilapad sthaapikkunnathinulla nirnaayaka margamaayum avalambangal thiricharinjittundu samanamaaya projaktukalil pravartthikkunna saha gaveshakarude upagrooppukalumaayi allengil avarkkethire svayam vinyasikkukayum puthiya arivu srishtikkunnathinulla avasarangal kandethukayum cheyyuka.
avalambangalude kanvenshanukal (udha.jii., paraantheesukalkkullil theeyathikal sthaapikkuka, superscript cheytha endnottukal vezhsas. adikkurippukal, kolanukal allengil peju nambarukalkkulla komakal muthalaayava.) upayogichirikkunna avalambavyavastha anusarichu vyathyaasappedunnu (udha.jii.ooksfoord, harward, emm. ell. eiii, enn. ell. emm, american soshyolajikkal association (eiii. ezz. eiii), american psychological association (eiii. pii. eiii) muthalaayava.). oro samvidaanavum vyathyastha academic vishayangalumayi bandhappettirikkunnu, eee vishayangalumayi bandhapetta academic jenalukal prasakthamaaya stail gaidukal shupaarsha cheyyukayum palikkukayum cheythukondu prasakthamaaya kaatteshanal shaili nilanirthunnu.
ashayam.
oru pusthakam, lekhanam, web peju allengil prasidheekaricha mattu enangalekkurichulla paraamarsamaanu grandhasoochika. inam advitheeyamaayi thirichariyaan avalambangal vishadaamshangal nalkanam. shaasthreeya avalambangal, niyamaparamaaya avalambangal, munkaala kala, kalakal, maanavikavidyakal ennivayil vyathyastha avalamba samvidaanangalum shailikalum upayogikkunnu. shaasthreeya saahithyathile avalambangalude upayogathekkurichu, chila pandithanmaar anuchithamennu karuthunna chila saahacharyangalil "anaavashya udharanikal nirasikkanulla avakasham" munnottuvachu.
ulladakkam.
srothassinte tharatthe aashrayich avalamba ulladakkathil vyathyaasamundaakam, athil inipparayunnava ulppedaam
advitheeya identifierukal.
rachayithaav (kall), prasidheekarana theeyathi, sheershakam, peju nambarukal thudangiya vivarangalkoppam, paraamarsikkunna srishtiyude tharatthe aashrayich avalambangalil advitheeya identifierukalum ulppedaam.
samvidaanangal.
vishaalamaayi paranjaal, vancouver sisttam, parenthittikkal referencing enningane rund tharam saiteshan sistangalundu. ennirunnaalum, kaunsil oof sayans edittarmaar (sii. ezz. iii) moonnaamathethu "saiteshan-neyim sisttam" cherkkunnu.
vancouver samvidaanam.
vancouver sisttam vaachakathil brackettiloo superscriptilo allengil randum aaya thudar samkhyakal upayogikkunnu. uravida vishadaamshangal nalkunna adikkurippukaleyo (pejinte avasaanathilulla kurippukal) allengil endnottukaleyo (pepparinte avasaanathilulla oru pejile kurippukal) akkangal soochippikkunnu. ezhuthukaaran oru phul-nottu foomoo hraswa-nottu foomoo upayogichittundo ennathine aashrayich notts systethinu oru poornna grandhasoochika aavashyamaayi vannekkaam allengil aavasyamillaayirikkaam. grandhasoochikayude samghadanaaparamaaya yukthi srothassukal rachayithaavinte avasana namam aksharamaalaakramathil allah, marichu vaachakathile roopakramathilaanu pattikappeduthiyirikku ennathaanu.
udaaharanathinu, oru pepparinte vaachakathil ninnu oru poornna grandhasoochika "illaathe" oru notts sisttam upayogichu oru bhagam ithupole kaanapedum
pejinte adibhaagatho (adikkurippu) allengil pepparinte avasaanathilo (endnote) sthithicheyyunna kuripp ithupole kaanapedum
oru poornna grandhasoochikayulla oru pepparil, hrasvamaaya kuripp ithupole kaanapedaam
oru hraswa kurippinoppam aavashyamaaya grandhasoochika intri ithupole kaanapedum
hyoomaanitteesukalil, pala rachayithaakkalum upakhyaana vivarangal nalkunnathinu adikkurippukalo endnottukaloo upayogikkunnu. eee reethiyil, oru avalambam pole thonnunnathu yadhaarthathil anubandha metteeriyalo kooduthal vaayanaykkulla nirddeshangalo aanu.
paaranthettikkal referencing.
harward referencing ennum ariyappedunna paarantikkal referencinginu poornnamo bhaagikamo aaya inn-tekst, citationukal vrithaakrithiyilulla braakkattukalil pothinju khandikayil ulcherthittundu.
oru parenthittikkal referencinte udaaharanam
shailiyude thiranjeduppine aashrayich, poornnamaayum udharicha paaranthettikkal referenceukalkku avasana vibhaagam aavashyamaayi varilla. mattu shailikalil rachayithaav aksharamaalaakramathil krameekarichirikkunna oru avasana vibhaagathil poornnamaaya grandhasoochika paraamarsangalulla avalambangalude oru pattika ulppedunnu. eee vibhaagathe palappozhum "referenceukal", "grandhasoochika", "udharicha kruthikal" allengil "koodiyaalochicha kruthikal" ennu vilikkunnu.
oonlain prasidheekaranangalkkulla inn-tekst referenceukal parambaraagatha paaranthettikkal referencingil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirikkam. oru poornna reference maraykkaan kazhiyum, vaayanakkaaran aavashyamullappol maathrame oru tooltippinte roopathil pradharshippikko. eee shaili udharani eluppamaakkukayum vaayanakkaarante anubhavam mechappeduthukayum cheiyunnu.
shailikal.
maanuval shaasthrangalkkum pothuvaaya shailikalaayi avalamba shailikale vishaalamaayi vibhajikkaam, ennirunnaalum ganyamaaya ovarlaappu undu. chikkago maanuval oof stail polulla chila stail gaidukal valare vazhakkamullathum parenthittikkal, nottu saiteshan samvidaanangal ulkkollunnathumaan. emm. ell. eiii, eiii. pii. eiii. stailukal polulla mattullava orotta avalamba samvidaanathinte pashchaathalatthil formaattukal vyakthamaakkunnu. ivaye saiteshan formaattukalum saiteshan shailikalum ennu vilikkam. vividha gaidukal, udaaharanathinu, rachayithaavinte peru pinthudarunna prasidheekarana theeyathi, sheershakam, peju nambarukal enniva koodaathe, viraamachihnangalude kanvenshanukal, itaaliksinte upayogam, oonnal, paranthasis, udharanikal muthalaayava enniva vyakthamaakkunnu.prathyekichu avarude shailiyil.
niravadhi samghadanakal avarude aavasyangalkku anuyojyamaaya shailikal srishtichittundu; thalphalamaayi, niravadhi vyathyastha gaidukal nilavilundu. vyakthigatha prasaadhakarkk palappozhum avarudethaaya inn-house vyathiyaanangalund, chila kruthikalkku avarudethaaya avalamba reethikalum ullathinaal valarekkalam nilanilkkunnu plaattoykk stephaanas pejineshan; aristottilinu becker nambarukal; pusthakam, adhyayam, padyam enniva anusarichu baibil udharikkunnu; allengil naadakam anusarichu shakespeare notteshan.
avalambangaludeyum grandhasoochikakaludeyum formatting vivarikkunnathinulla oru thuranna exml adisthaanamaakkiyulla bhaashayaan saiteshan stail langwej (csl).
maanavikashaastram.
hyumaanitteesile chila mekhalakalil, adikkurippukal referenceukaayi maathramaayi upayogikkunnu, koodaathe parambaraagatha adikkurippukalkkaayi avaa upayogikkunnathu (vishadeekaranangalo udaaharanangalo) ozhivaakkunnu. eee mekhalakalil, "adikkurippu" enna padam yadhaarthathil "reference" ennathinte paryaayamaayi upayogikkunnu, koodaathe edittarmaarum type settarmaarum avarude rachayithakkal eee padam engane upayogikkunnuvennu manassilaakkunnuvenn urappakkaan shradhikkanam.
prasnangal.
ashayavinimaya mekhalayile pandithochitha jenalukalile adikkurippukalekkurippuri avarude gaveshanathil, maikkal bugeja, daniela vii. oonlain srothassukalilekkulla avalambangalkk kshayathinte nirakk undennu dimitrova kandethi (udharicha pejukal neekkam cheythathupole), avar athine "haff-life" ennu vilikkunnu, ithu kaalakramena scholarshippin aaa jenalukalile adikkurippukal upayogashoonyamaakkunnu.
prasidheekaricha pakarppukalkk yadhaartha prasidheekaranangal pole niravadhi avalambangal illennu mattu vidagdhar kandethi.
prasidheekarana prakriyayil gaveshakanteyo jenal edittarinteyo bhaagathe ashradha moolamaanu palappozhum sambhavikkunna avalamba pishakukal ennathaanu mattoru pradhana prashnam. udaaharanathinu, moonnu pradhana bisinus ethics jenalukalil ninnu kramarahithamayi thiranjeduttha 1,200 avalambangal vishakalanam cheytha oru patanam, oru sharashari lekhanathil yadhaartha uravidam parishodhikkathe rachayithakkal mattoru prasidheekaranathil ninnulla oru avalamba entry pakartthukayum ottikkukayum cheyyumbol kuranjathu moonnu koppiyadi avalambangalenkilum adangiyirikkunnuvennu nigamanam cheythu. sariyaaya avalambangalekkurichu udharicha srothassinte rachayithaavumaayi koodiyaalochikkunnathu polulla lalithamaaya munkaruthalukal avalamba pishakukalude saadhyatha kuraykkukayum angane gaveshanathinte gunanilavaaram vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnuvennu vidagdhar kandethi.
oru lekhanathinte swaadheenam bhaagikamaayi upariplavamaaya gadakangalaal vishadeekarikkaamennum oru lekhanathinte shaasthreeya gunangalaal mathramallennum gaveshanangal soochippikkunnu. vividha vishayangalile thaarathamyangal nadathumbol mathramalla, oru vishayathile vividha gaveshana mekhalakale thaarathamyam cheyyumbol kaikaaryam cheyyenda oru prashnamaayi feeld-dependent gadakangal saadhaaranayaayi pattikappedutthiyittundu. udaaharanathinu, vaidyashaasthrathil, mattu gadakangalkkoppam, rachayithaakkalude ennam, referenceukalude ennam, lekhanathinte dairkhyam, sheershakathile oru kolante saannidhyam enniva swaadheenathe swaadheenikkunnu; athesamayam saamoohyashaasthrathil referenceukalude ennam, lekhanathinte dairkhyam, sheershakathinte dairkhyam enniva gadakangalil ulppedunnu.
jenal rank vardhikkunnathinanusaricha niravadhi mekhalakalil prasidheekaricha gaveshana pravartthanangalude vishwaasyatha kurayunnundaakaam" ennu reethishaasthraparamaaya gunanilavaaratheyum vishwaasyathayeyum kurichulla padanangal kandethiyittundu. udharanikal academic vishayangalil vivaadaparavum ennaal pradhaanappettathumaaya alavukolaayi thudarunnuvennu prakrithi soochika amgeekarikkunnu. avar avalambangalude ennam vardhippikkunnathinulla anchu vazhikal report cheiyunnu (1) sheershakathinte dairkhyavum viraamachihnavum kaanuka; (2) munkootty print cheytha phalangal neratthe prasidheekarikkuka; (3) sheershakam, amoorthathvam allengil keevedukal ennivayil oru raajyathe paraamarshikkunnath ozhivaakkuka; (4) oru shekharathile daattaye pinthunaykkunnathumaayi lekhanathe bandhippikkuka; (5) gaveshana lekhanangalude sheershakangalile hyphenukal ozhivaakkuka.
rachayithaakkaludeyum jenal staafukaludeyum adaarmika perumaattam avalamba reethikale baadikkunnathaayum ariyappedunnu. atharam perumaattatthe impact factor boosting ennu vilikkunnu, koodaathe unnatha thalatthilulla jenalukal polum ithil ulppedunnuvennu report cheyyappettittund. lancet", "jaama", "nyoo englandu jenal oof medisin" ennivayulppedeyulla medical sayansile uyarnna raankulla jenalukal atharam perumattavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave karuthappedunnu, eee jenalukalude 30 sathamaanam vare udharanikal kammeeshan cheytha abhipraaya lekhanangal srishtikkunnu. maruvashathu, saiteshan cartalukalude prathibhasam vardhichukondirikkanu. ore vishayathil pravartthikkunna mattu ezhuthukaarude grouppukalekkaal parasparam aanupaathikamaayi udharikkunna rachayithaakkalude grouppukaleyaanu saiteshan cartalukal ennu nirvachichirikkunnathu.
gaveshanavum vikasanavum.
pradhaanamaayum shaasthreeya avalambangalumayi bandhapetta anubandha upakaranangaludeyum samvidaanangaludeyum avalambangaleyum vikasanatheyum kurichulla gaveshanangalundu. mettaasiyansil vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna oru reethiyaanu saiteshan analysis.

