
erikka huggins

oru american aaktivisttum ezhuthukaariyum adhyaapikayumaan erikka huggins (jenkins; jananam januvari 5,1948). black paanthar party (bpp) enna rashtreeya samghadanayile muun pramukha amgamaanu avar. 1968ll avar saha bii. pii. pii amgamaaya joonn hugginsine vivaham kazhichu. 1969ll, puthiya heven black paanthar vichaaranayude bhaagamaayi, alex raakliyude kolapathakavumaayi bandhapetta vividha kuttangalkk hugginsinethire kuttam chumatthi. ellah kuttangalilum avar kuttakkaariyallenn kandethukayum 1971ll jayilil ninnu mochithayaavukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
washingtonil janicha erikka jenkins, dii.sii.moonnu kuttikalude madhyathilundaayirunna kuttiyaanu huggins. 1966 ll haiskool vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkiya sesham huggins cheyni stettu collegil (ippol cheyni yooniversitti oof pensylvania) chernnu. thudarnnu pensylvaniayile filadelfiyayile charitraparamaayi karuthavargakkaaranaaya skoolaaya linkon sarvakalashaalayil chernnu. avide avar vidyaabhyaasam padikkukayum oduvil 1968ll avar vivaham kazhikkunna joonn hugginsine kandumuttukayum cheythu. linkon sarvakalaashaalayude black studant kongras vanita nethaakkale athirthirunnuvenkilum athirppukalkkidayilum samghathil hugginmar earppettirunnu.
eest beyile california stettu yooniversittiyil ninnu sociologyil maasttar oof arts nediyittundu. amerikkayude bahumukha vamshavum linga aaghaathavum kuraykkunnathinu vidyaarthikalkkaayi vidyaarthi kendreekrithavum community adhishtithavumaaya tution rahita vidyaabhyaasam" nirddeshikkunna oru vidyaabhyaasa maathrkayil avarude prabandham shradha kendreekarichu." 
currier.
1972ll avar kaaliforniyayilekku maarukayum berkley community development kaunsilil thiranjedukkappetta amgamaavukayum cheythu. pinneedu, 1976-ll avar almeda kaundi board oof ejyukkeshanilekku thiranjedukkappettu. boardil irippidamulla aadyathe karutha vargakkaariyum athupole thanne aadyathe karutha vargakkaariyaaya vanithayumaayirunnu avar. 2008 muthal 2015 vare peralta community koleju distrikttil soshyolaji, aafrikkan american stadees, viman stadees ennivayude professoraayi huggins pravarthichu. laani collegilum berkley sitti collegilum soshyolajiyum california stettu yooniversittiyil vanita padanavum padippichu. koodaathe, 30 varshathilereyaayi avar stanford yooniversitti, cornell yooniversitti, yooniversitti oof california, loss enchals ennividangalil prabhashanam nadathiyittundu, avide avar vidyaabhyaasam, aathmeeyatha, feminism, jayil parishkkaranam, varnnarahitharaya vichitraraaya aalukal ennivayekkurichu samsaarichu.
aathmeeyathayumaayulla avarude pravartthanavumaayi bandhappett, huggins siddha yoga jayil padhathiyil 15 varsham pravarthichu, avide avar thadavilakkappetta aalukal, public school kuttikal, koleju vidyaarthikal thudangiya grouppukalkku hada yoga dhyanavum nayichu. harward medical schoolinoppam pravartthikkunna mind/body medical instittyoottil, avar 5 varshatholam thante aathmeeyathayum athinte pariseelanangalum pankidunnathu thudarnnu.
black paanthar partyumaayi edapedal.
linkon sarvakalashaalayil padikkumbol, erikkayum bharthaavum school vittu black paanthar partyil cheraan prachodanam ulkkondirunnu. hyuy piyumaayulla krooramaaya perumaattathekkurichu charcha cheiyunna oru praakaara maasika lekhanathil ninnaan avalude prachodanam. jayililayirikke nyoottan. aaa lekhanathile oru chithram nyoottan sharttillaathathum vayattil vediyundayude murivullathum ashupatri garniyil kettiyathumaaya chithramaayirunnu. 1967ll dambathikal loss enchalsil ethi black paanthar partyil chernnu.
oduvil, avarude bharthaav joonn huggins black paanthar party loss enchals adhyaayathinte nethaavaayi. moonnaazhcha praayamulla makalkkoppam veettil aayirikkumbol, black paanthar party eph. bii. aiyude cointalpro prograam indhanamaayi uyarthiya us oorganaiseshan enna black naashanalist group thammilulla kalahathe thudarnnu 1969 januvari 17 nuu avarude bharthaav ucla kaambasil vachu vadikkappettu. maranashesham, erikka thante janmasthalamaaya puthiya abhayakendramaaya connectikkattil addehathinte shavasamskaarathil pankedutthu. addehathinte shavasamskaarathethudarnn, avide thamasam maranum oru puthiya black paanthar party branch thurakkaanum avar theerumaanichu. kathleen neel cleaver, eline braun ennee mattu rund sthreekalkkoppam avar eee puthiya adhyaayathe nayichu.
black paantharukalumaayi bandhappettirikkumbol, huggins niravadhi sthaanangal vahichirunnu black paanthar intercommunal nyoos sarveesinte edittarum ezhuthukaaranum, 1973 muthal 1981 vare party ookklaand community skoolinte director, party kendra kammitti amgavum. rund varsham jayilil kazhinjathinu sesham, 14 varsham amgamaayirunnathinu sesham, black paantharukale upekshikkaan huggins theerumaanichu, ithu athil ulppettirikkunna eathoru sthreeyudeyum ettavum dairkhyameriya amgathvamaanu.
puthiya heven black paanthar pareekshanangal.
1969ll, puthiya heven black paantharile amgangal oru vivaraavakaashiyaanennu samshayicha alex racley peedippikkukayum kolappeduthukayum cheythu. black paanthar party sahasthaapakanaaya bobby sealinoppam hugginsin kolapathakam, thattikkondupokal, goodaalochana ennee kuttangal chumatthi. vichaaranaykkide play cheytha raakliyude chodyam cheyyalinte tape recordingle huggins samsaarikkunnath kettu. pullippulikalkk nyayamaaya vichaarana labhikkumo ennathinekkurichum juurii thiranjeduppu samsthaana charithratthile ettavum dairkhyameriyathaayirikkumo ennathinekkurichum eee vichaarana raajyathudaneelam prathishedhatthinu kaaranamaayi. 1971 meyy maasathil juurii hugginsine kuttavimukthayaakkiyathi 10 muthal 2 vare thadassam nilkkukayum avale veendum vichaarana cheyyukayum cheythilla.
kavitayum rachana.
1969 muthal 1972 vare vichaaranaykkaayi kaathirikkave, sthreekalkkaayulla jayil niyantik stettu faamil huggins thante samayam chelavazhichu. taanum thante samoohavum sahicha mosham saamoohika saahacharyangalekkurichu ezhuthumbol, avar kathaparachiline svayam prathirodham, vyakthiparamaaya ejansi, vidyaabhyaasa pravartthanam ennivayude oru roopamaayi kandu. snehavum vidveshavum, samayavum sthalavum, laingikathayum feminism, aathmeeyatha, vamseeyatha, deseeyatha thudangiya vishayangal avarude kruthikale nirvachikkunnu. jayilil ninnu mochithanayathinusheshavum ellah kuttangalum aavasyappettathinusheshavum, huggins hyuy pii. yum chernnu ezhuthiya "ulkkaazhchakalum kavithakalum" enna kavithasamaharam. black paanthar party sthaapakanaaya nyoottan 1975ll puratthirangi.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
1968ll erikka huggins joonn hugginsine vivaham kazhichu. erikka avarude makal mye hugginsinu 20-aamm vayassil janmam nalki. avarude makal janichu moonnu maasathinullil, 1969 januvariyil joonn huggins ucla kaambasil vachu kollappettappol erikka vidhavayayi.
hugginsinu rund aanmakkalundu. black paanthezhs grouppaaya "lampan" enna gaanasamghathile pradhana gayakanaaya jaims mottinoppam avarkk undaayirunna raasa sann mottu avarude aanmakkalil oraalaan.

