
rocketdine echu-1

rocketdine echu-1 oru thrastt liqvid-propellant rokkatt enchinaanu loaks, aarpi-1 enniva kathikkunnathu. echu-1 yathaakramam saattarn I, saattarn aibi rokkattukalude ezz-aii, ezz-aibi aadya ghattangalil upayogikkunnathinaayi vikasippicheduthaanu, avide ithu ettu enchinukalude klasttarukalil upayogichirunnu. apollo prograaminu sesham, michamulla echu-1 enchinukal punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum 1974 ll deltta 2000 seereesil aadyamaayi upayogicha rocketdine rs-27 enchinaakki punarnirmmikkukayum cheythu. rs-27 veriyant deltta II, deltta III ennivayilum upayogikkunnu.
charithram.
aadyakaala enchinukal.
yudhakaalathe vii-2 baalistik misailil ninnu vikasippichedutha enchinukalude oru parambarayaanu echu-1. yudhasamayathu, north american eviyeshan (naa) kku metrik alavil ninnu seyy alavukalilekku parisodhikkunnathinum parivartthanam cheiyunnathinum niravadhi vii-2 enchinukal nalki. eee jolie kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi avar avarude "propulsion division" roopeekarikkukayum pinneedu rokkatt daine aayi maarukayum cheythu.
enchin sambandhicha saankethika rekhakalude oru shekharavum naakk nalkiyirunnu. avare padikkunna enchineeyarmaar oru puthiya "waterfall" fueval injector upayogichu vii-2 enchin mechappeduthaanulla padhathikal kandethi. jarmmankaarkk design pravarthanakshamamaakkaan kazhinjilla, athu orikkalum sevanathilekku poyittilla. enn. eiii. eiii enchineeyarmaar eee prashnathe akramikkaan theerumaanikkukayum vegathil pariharangal kandethukayum cheythu. ithu roopakalppanayude oorjjam uyarthanum thudarnnu redston misail uyarthanum avare anuvadichu.
ramjett enchinukalkku prakasham pakaraan misailinte vegatha vardhippikkaan boosttarinte athe enchin upayogicha sm-64 nawaho cruis misail padhathiyilum naa pravarthichirunnu. vyomasena nirantharam navaahoyil ninnu uyarnna prakadanam aavasyappedukayum ithu valia misailukalum valia boosttarukalum nirmmikkaan naa nirbandhithayaakkukayum cheythu. 1950kalude thudakkathil, adisthaana enchin roopakalppana uthppaadippikkunnathina vipuleekarichu.
eee designukalellaam, avaye srishticha vii-2 pole, ethanol kathichu, ennaal mannenna, deesal oayil, peyint thinnar, jepi-4, jepi-5 jettu indhanam ennivayulppede mattu indhanangalum pareekshichu. 1953 januvariyil rokkatt enchinukalkkaayi prathyekamaayi nirddishtavum nannayi roopakalppana cheythathumaaya mannenna indhanamaakki eee enchinukale parivartthanam cheiyunnathinaayi rocketdine avarude "koyyal" paripadi aarambhichu, ithu 1954 ll sainika savisheshathakalaaya mill-aarr-25576 ll audyogikamaayi vyakthamakkiya aarpi-1 aayi maari.
1955ll vyomasena avarude atlas misailinu karuth pakarunnathinayi enchinte jepi-4 kathikkunna pathipp thiranjedutthu. us sainyam avarude jupittar misailinu kooduthal uthejanam nalkanamennu abhyarthichu, vyomasena avarude thorinu athe pathipp upayogikkukayum rocketdine ezz-3dii (allengil elr-79) nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
eee enchinukalellaam samanamaaya design ashayathe adisthaanamaakkiyullavayinu, oru "waterfall injector" avatharippikkunnu, avide pradhana jwalana arayilekku kathunna indhanam thalikkaan niravadhi cheria indhana injectorukal upayogichu. pambukal pradhana indhana lineukal sammarddathilekku konduvarunna samayat gyaas janarettarinum pradhana jwalanashaalakalkkum bhakshanam nalkunna oru koottam dvitheeya indhana taankukalum plumbing upayogichu turbopumbukal aarambikkunnathinulla sankeernamaaya oru samvidaanavum avar pankittu. enchin poornnamaayum aarambikkunnathuvare electro numatic vaalvukalude oru sankeernamaaya parambara vividha indhana pravaahangal pravarthippichu.
x-1.
thorinum jupittarinum vendi ezz-3dii vijayakaramaayi pravarthichathode, kambani avarude shradha samoolamaayi update cheytha pathippilekku thirikkukayum, yadhaarthathil ezz-3x ennariyappettirunnave pinneedu ex-1 aayi maarukayum cheythu. eee enchin sankeernamaaya valve samvidaanathinum athil pankeduttha sensarukalkkum electronics ennivaykkum pakaram indhanathinte sammarddathil thanne pravartthikkunna puthiya vaalvukal upayogikkukayum cheythu. ithinartham sankeernamaaya staarttap nadapadikramam poornnamaayum automated aanennum indhanathinte ozhukk thanne illaathaakkiyennum.
koodaathe, ex-1 muzhuvan staartt tank samvidaanavum neekkam cheyyukayum pakaram oru cheria khara indhana rokkatt enchin upayogikkukayum cheythu, athu turbopumbukal karakkan gyaas janarettariloode athinte exhost nalki. eee maattam enchin plumbing naadakeeyamaayi lalithamaakki, roopakalppanaye orotta shoat upakaranamakki maattunnathinte chelavil. munbathe enchinukalkku, sidhaanthathil, parakkalil punaraarambhikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu, ennaal orotta starttar vediyunda upayogichu, x-1 oru thavana maathrame aarambikkaan kazhiyoo.
munkaala designukalude khara indhana pathippukalkk pakaram pyrophoric indhanam upayogichu oru ignittar avatharippikkuka ennathaayirunnu mattoru maattam. munbathe enchinukalkku enchinile dwaarangaliloode jwalana arayilekku ignittarukal cherkkendathundaayirunnu, ennaal puthiya samvidaanam indhanam pradhana injectorilekku thalikkaan anuvadichu. indhanam, triathylaluminium, diaphramukalulla oru cubil vitharanam cheythu, athu injectorile indhana ozhukk oru nischitha paridhiyiletthumbol pottitherikkunnu.
oduvil, vividha gadakangaliloode ozhukunna aarpi-1 indhanathilekku cheria alavil additteev cherkkunna oru puthiya lubrication samvidaanam ex-1 avatharippichu. turbopump samvidaanathile vividha bairingukalilekku sammarddathil ithu nalkukayum athu lubricate cheyyukayum choodu kondupookukayum cheythu.
shaniyazhchayum echu-1 umm.
10, 000 muthal 40,000 poundu vare thaazhnna bhouma bhramanapathathilekku (lioo) uyarthaano vegathayil ninnu rakshappedaan 6,000 muthal 12,000 poundu vare thwarithappeduthaano kazhiyunna oru hevi-liftt vaahanathinte puthiya us prathirodha vakuppinte aavasyakatha niravettunnathinulla oru paper projectaayi shaniyazhcha aarambhichu. nilavilulla launcherukal aavasyathinu thaazhe 10,000 poundu vare leoilek vyaapippikkam. puthiyathum valuthumaaya oru design aavashyamaayi vannu, 1957 eprilil verner voonn braun praadhamika design task hains-herman koyalinu kaimari.
vikasana samayam kuraykkunnathinulla koyalinte pariharam redston, jupittar misailukalil ninnulla indhana taankukalude oru koottam upayogikkukayum avaa orotta thrastt plettinu mukalil vaykkukayum thudarnnu aavashyamaaya enchinukal plettinte adiyil gadippikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu. motham oru dasalaksham poundu oorjjam aavasyamaanennu kanakkukoottalukal theliyichu, ithu avarude enchin thiranjedukkaline valareyadhikam parimithappedutthunnu. anuyojyamaaya designukalkkaayi nokkikkondirunna koyal rokkattdaininte jorjju suttonil ninnu iii-1 nekkurichu padichu. titan misailinaayi rocketdine eee enchin vikasippikkukayayirunnu, arppa verner voonn brouninu "juno vii" ennariyappettirunna enchin vikasippikkaan nalkia samayaparidikkullil avatharippikkaanirikkunna ettavum valia enchinaanithu. airojet general elr-87 vijayikkunnillenkil kazhiyunnathra lalithamaayi vikasippikkaan prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheytha titan misailinte backup enchinaanu iii-1.
octoberil sputnik vikshepichathu us rokkattari sthaapanathil druthagathiyilulla maattangalilekku nayichu. samadhaanaparamaaya uddeshyam prakadippikkunnathinaayi, us athinte vividha sainikethara rokkattari prograamukal oru puthiya ejansiyilekku maattaan theerumaanichu, athu naasayayi vikasikkum. valia rokkattukalodulla thaalparyam nashtappettathinaal, voonn brouninte abma teamine naasaykk kaimaran avar sammathikkukayum marshell bahirakasha parakkal kendramaayi maarukayum cheythu. 1960laanu kaimaattam nadakkuka.
eee padhathikal thayyaaraakkiyathin thottupinnaale, 1958 joolaiyil arppa abma sandarshikkukayum kaimarunnathinu munbu avarude bajattil iniyum 10 dasalaksham dollar chelavazhikkaanundenn voonn brouninodu parayukayum panam phalapradamaayi upayogikkaan enthengilum maargamundo ennu chodikkukayum cheythu. voonn braun koyleye vilichu juno vii-yude oru model kaanichu, ennaal 1960 oode iii-1 enchin thayyarakillennu arppa sandarshakar abhiprayappettu. budhipoorvvam, rokkattdaininte nilavilulla ezz-3dii enchinukalkku oru cheria naveekaranam nadathukayum avaye vardhippikkukayum cheyyuka, naalu iii-1 kalkk pakaram eee enchinukalil ettu upayogikkuka ennathaanu ettavum nalla sameepanamennu avar theerumaanichu.
ezz-3diyude naveekaricha pathipp thedi koyal rocketdainilekku madangiyethiyappol, pakaram avar ex-1 avatharippikkukayum ezz-3 lake kooduthal naveekarikkunathinupakaram ithu upayogikkanamennu nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. pareekshanaathmakamaanenkilum, ex-1 ithinakam sariyaaya thrastt shreniyilaayirunnu, poornna vikasanathinu thayyarayirunnu. 1958 august 15 nuu vikasanathinayulla oru karar tender cheyyappedukayum 1959 nte thudakkathil juunil ninnu shaniyazhchayilekku peru maarukayum cheythu, jupittarin sheshamulla graham enna nilayil pinthudarchaye paraamarsikkukayum cheythu, jupittar misail munbathe abma roopakalppanayaayirunnu.
vivaranam.
rokkattdaininte aadyakaala enchinukaleppole, echu-1 turbopumbukal nalkunna oru vellachatta injector upayogikkukayum enchinte indhanam upayogichu enchine punarujeevippikkukayum cheythu. oru choolayil braze cheytha 292 stainless steel tubeukal upayogichaanu jwalana arra nirmmichathu.
ezz-ivb ghattathil upayogikkunna jeey-2 enchinil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, echu-1 oru single staartt enchinaanu. ithu onniladhikam thavana vedivaykkaamaayirunnu-enchinukal saadhaaranayaayi parakkaan yogyatha nedunnathinulla oru dauthyathinu munbu rando athiladhikamo staatik testt firingukalkku vidheyamaayirunnu-ennaal staarttap seekwansinu aavashyamaaya chila gadakangal punarupayogikkaanaavaathil ithu veendum aarambikkaan kazhinjilla. prathyekichum, turbo pambukal thudakkathil oru soolid propellant gyaas janarettar (ezz. pii. jii. jii) upayogichaanu oodichirunnathu, ithu adisthaanaparamaayi oru cheria soolid rokkattaayirunnu, oro vedivayppinum sesham ithu maattendivannu.
enchin aarambhikkunnathin 500v essy volteju spoggle prayogichu, ithu soolid propellantine jwalippichu. ithu 600-700 psi marddathil athunnathuvare nirmmikkaan anuvadicha choodulla vaathakam ulppaadippichu, athinusesham pottitherikkunna diaphrum athu turbinelake vidukayum athu indhana turbopumbukale nayikkukayum cheythu. ithu gyaas janarettarilekkum enchinilekkum indhanavum ooksidaisarum pump cheiyunna prakriya aarambhichu, koodaathe spoggle ninnulla choodulla vaathakangal indhanam/ooksidaisar misritham kathikkaan aavashyamaaya prarambha oorjjam nalki. ithu turbopumbukal karangaan thudangi. gyaas janarettaril aarpi-1 umm loxes kathikkaan thudangiyappol, enchin shutdown cheiyunnathuvare exhost turbopumbukalkku karuth pakarunnu.