
greak swaathanthryasamarasamayathe koottakkolakal

greak swaathanthryasamarathil (1821-1829) ottoman shakthikalum greak viplavakaarikalum nadatthiya niravadhi koottakkolakal undaayi. sivilian jeevithathodulla bahumanakkuravum samgharshathinte iruvashathumulla yudhathadavukaarum yudhathinte savisheshathakalaayirunnu. greekkukaarude koottakkolakal prathyekichum ionia, kreett, constantinoppil, macedonia, ejiyan dveepukal ennividangalil nadannu. peloponneesil vasikkunna automan vamshajarumaayi thirichariyaan kazhinja turkey, albanian, greekkukal, jootha janatha ennivar koottakkolakku vidheyaraayi, prathyekichu greak sainyam aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna sthalangalil. ejiyan kadal, kreett, madhya, thekkan grease ennividangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiya greak samoohangal thudachuneekkappedukayum sthirathaamasamaakkiya turkish, albanian, greekkukal, peloponese mekhalayile cheria jootha samoohangal enniva nasippikkappedukayum cheythu.
greekkukaarude koottakkolakal.
sthirathayulla aalukal.
greak quarter oof konstantinoppile mikka greekkukaarum koottakkola cheyyappettu. 1821 epril 9-nuu eesttar njaayarazhcha gregory vii yeei automanmaar ecumenical paatriyaarkkettinte madhya puram portalil thookkiletti. addehathinte mrithadeham vikruthamaakki kadalilekku erinjayakkukayum avide greak naavikar athine rakshappeduthukayum cheythu. oraazhchaykk sesham, muun ecumenical pathriarchese siril VI-neey adrianoples cathedralinte kavaadatthil thookkiletti. ithinethudarnnu rund metropolittan pouranmaareyum panthrand bishappukaleyum turkey adhikaarikal vadhichu. epril avasaanathode, konsttanteyn mourosis, levidis salikis, demetrios paparigopolos, antonios soraz, fanariottukal petros sigris, demetrios scanavis, maanuval hotseris ennivayulppede niravadhi pramukha greekkukaare turkish sakthikal shirachhedam cheythu, athesamayam georgios maavrokordaattosine thookkiletti. meyy maasathil derconile metropolitans gregorios, adrianopilinte dorotheos, tyrenavosile ionicios, thessalonikiyile joseph, fanariot georgios kaalimaachi, nicolas mourosis ennivare sulthaante utharavanusarichu konstantinoppilil shirachhedam cheythu.
ejiyan dveepukal.
greak viplavakaalath tarkkukalum egypthukaarum samothres (1821), chios (1822), koos, roads, casos, sasara (1824) ennivayulppede niravadhi greak dveepukal nashippichu. 1821 septambar 1 nuu kapudan pasha nasuhzadeh alii paashayude keezhil oru turkish kappalppada purusha janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagatheyum kollukayum sthreekaleyum kuttikaleyum adimakalaakkukayum avarude veedukal kathikkukayum cheythappol samothres koottakkola nadannu. 1822leeii chios koottakkola yudhathile ettavum kuprasidhamaaya sambhavangalilonnayi maari. eejipthile pashayaya mehmet alii thante kappalpadaye casosylake ayakkukayum 1824 meyy 27nuu janangale kollukayum cheythu. eathaanum aazhchakalkk sesham, kokka husrev mehmed paashayude keezhilulla kappalppada saarayile janasamkhyaye nashippichu.
central grease.
1824-ll loard byroninte maranashesham taamasiyaathe, greekkukaare misolongiyil veendum uparodhikkaan turkukal ethi. turkey commander raizd mehmed paashayodoppam ibrahim pasha koodi, korinth ulkkadal kadakkukayum 1826-nte thudakkathil ibrahiminu kooduthal peerankikalum vitharanavum konduvarikayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte aalukalkk mathilukal akramikkaan kazhinjilla, 1826-ll, oru varshathe uparodhathethudarnnu, turkish-eejipshyan sainyam njaayarazhcha nagaram keezhadakkukayum avidatthe muzhuvan janasamkhyayeyum unmoolanam cheyyukayum cheythu. akramanam padinjaaran europile greak lakshyathinulla pinthuna vardhippichu, yujeen delacroics thante paintingil koottakolaye chithreekarikkunnu, "grease misolongiyude avashishtangalil kaalaharanappedunnu".
crait.
1821 juun 24 nuu heracleonile valia koottakkolaykkide, eee pradeshathu "valia nasham" ("ο εγάλος αρπεντές," ooo megalos aarpentas ") ennu oormmikkappedunna samayat, turkukal crait metropolit, gerasimos pardalis, anchu bishappukal koodi konnu nososinte neophitos, heronisosinte jokim, lambisile irotheokal, sithiyayile sacharia, diopolisinte taittilar bishappaya calinicos.
1825ll eejipthile sulthaante saamanthane eejipshyan kappalppadayil edapedaan ayachathinushesham, mohammed aliyude makan ibrahim kreettil athichernnu bhooripaksha greak samoohathe koottakkola cheyyaan thudangi.
cypress.
1821 joolaiyil cypriot oorthadoox charchu aarch bishop kipriyanosinte thalavan 486 pramukha greak cypriyattukalum, avaril paaphosile metropolittan chrysanthethos, kishen melettiyokal, kaireeniyayile lavrantios ennivare nikkoshyayile automanmaar thookkikkollukayo shirachhedam cheiyukayo cheythu.
franch koonsal emm. 1821 juulai 20 muthal kolla avasaanippikkanulla visinte kalppana undaayirunnittum, praadeshika pashayaya cook mehmet juulai 9 muthal cypressil niravadhi divasathe koottakkolakal nadathukayum naalpat divasam thudarukayum cheythathayi 1821 septambar 15 nuu mechain report cheythu.
october 15nuu oru valia turkey cypriot janakkoottam oru aarch bishop, anchu bishappukal, muppathiyaaru sabhaaprasangimaar ennivare pidikoodi thookkilettukayum larnakayilum mattu pattanangalilum greak cypriyattukalil bhooribhaagatheyum thookkilettukayum cheythu. 1822 septambarilum octoberilum arupathirandu greak cypriot
graamangalum graamangalum poornnamaayum aprathyakshamaakukayum purohithanmaar ulppede niravadhi aalukal koottakkola cheyyappedukayum cheythu.
peloponese.
viplavathinte aadya varshathil oru turkey sainyam pathras nagaratthil erangukayum settilmentile ellah saadhaaranakkaareyum kollukayum nagaram nasippikkukayum cheythathayi charitrakaaranaaya david brewer ezhuthunnu. 
ibrahim paashayude sainyam peloponneesil angeyattam krooramaayirunnu, pradhana thuramukhamaaya kalamata kathikkukayum nagaravaasikale kollukayum cheythu; avar graamapradeshangale nasippikkukayum adimakkachavadathil valareyadhikam earppedukayum cheythu.
macedonia.
macedoniayile greak gramangal nasippikkappedukayum nivaasikalil palarum vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. serukalilum thessalonikiyilum greak siviliyanmaarude vadham, vyaapaarikaludeyum purohithanmaarudeyum shirachhedam, kathicha ezhupathu gramangal enniva thomas gorden report cheiyunnu.
1821 meyy maasathil govarnor yousuf bay thessalonikiyil theruvukalil kaanunna eathoru greekkukaareyum kollan thante aalukalodu utharavittu. pakalum rathriyum vaayu nilavilikalum nilavilikalum kondu niranjirunnu" ennu hairullah ephendi report cheythu."metropolittan bishappine mattu pramukha pramukharkkoppam changalakalilakki, avare maav chanthayude chathuratthil peedippikkukayum vadikkukayum cheythu. chilare rotondaykku chuttumulla samathala marangalil thookkiyidukayum cheythu. mattullavar abhayaarthiyaayi palayanam cheytha cathedralil kollappedukayum avarude thalakal yousuf bake sammaanamaayi shekharikkukayum cheythu.
1822-ll thessalonikiyude pashayaya abdul abud march 14-nuu 16,000 sakthamaaya sainyathinteyum 12 peerankikaludeyum neethrthwathil nausaykkethire ethi. safairakkis theodosiovinteyum anaestasios karattaasosinteyum mothatthilulla neethrthwathil 4,000 sainikarumaayi greekkukaar nausaye prathirodhichu. 1822 march 16num march 18num 19num turkukal nagaram pidichedukkaan shramichenkilum vijayichilla. march 24nuu thurkkikal nagara mathilukalkk nere bombakramanam aarambhichu, athu divasangalolam neenduninnu. pattanatthinte keezhadangal abhyarthanakal greekkukaar thallikkalanjathinethudar march 31 nuu turkukal sent jorjinte gettil charge cheythu. turkey akramanam paraajayappettenkilum epril 6 nuu, ekadesham 3,000 sainikarude puthiya shakthippeduthalukal labhicha sesham, turkey sainyam oduvil greak cheruthunilppine marikadannu nagaratthilekku praveshichu. kuprasidhamaaya oru sambhavathil, niravadhi sthreekal arapitsa enna cheria nadikku mukalilulla malancherivil ninnu veenu aathmahathya cheythu. abdul abud pattanavum parisara pradeshangalum pazhaakki. greak janatha koottakkola cheyyappettu. 1822-ll macedoniayile greak viplavathinte avasaanamaayi nausayude nasham adayaalappeduthi.
thurkkikaludeyum musleengaludeyum koottakkolakal.
peloponese.
charitrakaaranaaya vilyam sent. greak viplavathinte thudakkathil irupathinaayirathiladhikam turkey purushanmaarum sthreekalum kuttikalum eathaanum aazhchakalkkullil avarude greak ayalkkar kolappedutthi. vilyam sent. clair vaadikkunnathu "kalaapathinte thudakkathode, vishwaasamillaatha musleengale unmoolanam cheyyaan bishappumarum purohithanmaarum avarude edavakakkaare udbodhippichu."sent. clair ezhuthi
greasile turkukal kurachu adayaalangal avasheshippichu. avar pettennu aprathyakshamaakukayum oduvil 1821-leeii vasanthakaalath lokathinte mattu bhagangal sradhikkappedaathe avar aprathyakshamavukayum cheythu...raajyathudaneelamulla cheria samoohangalil thamasikkunna, noorukanakkinu varshangalayi mattoru veedum ariyaatha sambannaraaya karshakarum vyaapaarikalum udyogastharum ulppedunna oru valia turkey vamshajar orikkal greasil undaayirunnuvennu vishwasikkaan prayasamaayirunnu...avar manahpoorvvam, samshayamo asuyayo illaathe kollappettu, appozho pinneedo oru khedavum undaayirunnilla.
peloponneesil thamasikkunna turkey pouranmaarkkethiraaya athikramangal greak kalaapathinte thudakkathode march 28 nuu achaayayil aarambhichu. epril 2 nuu, peloponnese muzhuvan pottippurappedukayum aaa divasam niravadhi turkukal vividha sthalangalil kollappedukayum cheythu. 1821 epril 3nuu, suraksha vaagdaanam cheytha kalavrithayile thurkkikal keezhadangi, athu pinneedu lamghikkappettu. thudarnnu, greak viplavakaarikal pidicheduttha peloponese pattanangalil turkey pouranmaarkkethire koottakkolakal nadannu.
shaamam moolam durbalaraaya monemvaasiyayile thurkkikal nagaratthinte vaathilukal thurakkukayum avarude aayudangal vekkukayum cheythu. avaril arunooru perr ithinakam thanne kombukalil kayarukayum, appol maniyottukal pattanatthilekku athikramichu kayarukayum theerathu athaathavareyo pattanatthil thamasikkaan theerumaanichavareyo kollan thudangukayum cheythu. athesamayam kappalukalilullavare vaagdaanam cheythathupole eshya mainarilekku naadukadathunnathinupakaram avarude vasthrangal azhichu, marddikkukayum ejiyanile oru vijanamaaya paarayil upekshikkukayum cheythu. avaril chilare maathramaan emm enna franch vyaapaari rakshichathu. soukhyapoorvam.
1821 august 19nuu navaarinoyude pathanam oru pothu koottakkolaykk kaaranamaayi. navarino koottakkola kaanuka.
erakalude ennathinte kaaryatthil ettavum moshamaaya greak athikramam 1821-ll tripolitsayude pathanathetthudarnnundaaya koottakkolayaayirunnu
moonnu divasathekku durithamanubhavikkunna nivaasikale oru kaattumrigatthinte kaamathinum kroorathaykkum vidheyaraakki. lingabhedamo prayamo ozhivakkiyittilla. vadhikkappedunnathinu munbu sthreekalum kuttikalum peedippikkappettu. kollan valare valuthayirunnathinaal, vaathil muthal kotta vare thante kuthirayude kulambukal orikkalum nilathu sparshichittillenn colocotronis thanne parayunnu. addehathinte vijaya paatha mrithadehangal kondu paravathanikkappettu. rund divasangalude avasaanathil, ellah praayathileyum lingathileyum ekadesham randaayiram aathmaakkale, ennaal pradhaanamaayum sthreekaleyum kuttikaleyum ayalparvathangalile oru malayidukkilekku kondupoyi, avide kannukaalikaleppole kashap cheythu, musleengalude durbalamaaya sheshippukale manahpoorvvam shekharichu.
maranangalude aake kanakkukal vyathyaasappettirikkunnum, peloponneesile turkish, musleem, albanian, jootha janasamkhya oru sthirathaamasamaakkiya samoohamaayi illaathaayi. 40, 000 musleem nivaasikalil 15,000,20,000 allengil athil kooduthal perr muthal tripolitsayil maathram 30,000 vare turkey, muslim albanian sivilian maranangal vimathar nadathiyathaayi chila kanakkukal soochippikkunnu. kalapam pottippurappettathode turkey pouranmaarude koottakkolakal aarambhichu.
charitrakaaranaaya jorjju finley avakaashappettath grameena jillakalile musleengale unmoolanam cheythath munkootty aasoothranam cheytha oru roopakalppanayude falamaanennum athu janangalude prathikara vikaarangalil ninnu allathe aksharangalude nirddeshangalil ninnaan kooduthal munnott poyathennum avakashappettu. vilyam sent. clair ezhuthi "kollan turkukal illaathirunnappol maathramaan peloponikalil vamshahathyayude samgharsham avasaanichathu."
central grease.
ethansil, 180 perkku maathrame aayudangal vahikkaan kazhiyoo ennathinaal 1,150 thurkkikal suraksha vaagdaanangalkku keezhadangi. dablyu. alison phillips ingane abhiprayappettu "eee bhayanakamaaya yudhathinidayil valareyadhikam samanathakal maathram ulla oru bheethiyude rangam pinthudarnnu."
aadhunikakaala agrinio aaya vraachori padinjaaran-madhya greasile oru pradhana pattanamaayirunnu. kristhyan janasamkhyaykku purame anjoorolam musleem kudumbangalum irunoorolam juthanmaarum ithil ulppettirunnu. vrachoriyile koottakkolakal joothanmaaril ninnaan aarambhichath, taamasiyaathe musleengalkkum athe vidhi pankittu.
ejiyan dveepukal.
greak kalaapathinte aadya varshangalil ejiyan kadalile dveepukalile musleem nivasikalkkethiraaya koottakkolakalum nadannu. charitrakaaranaaya vilyam sent. greak viplavakaarikalude lakshyangalilonnaya clair, avarude pooraattatthil kazhiyunnathra greak samoohangale ulppeduthuka ennathaayirunnu. praadeshika turkey janathaykkethire chila athikramangal nadatthuka" ennathaayirunnu avarude saankethikavidya, angane eee vyathyastha greak samoohangalkku ottomanmaaril ninnu prathikaaratthe bhayann viplavakarikalumaayi sakhyamundaakkendivarum. atharamoru saahacharyathil, 1821 maarchil, samos dveepil ninnulla greekkukaar cheosil ethi aaa dveepil thamasikkunna musleem janataye aakramichu.
greak cruiserukal pidicheduttha turkish kappalukalile jeevanakkarum yaathrakkaarum palappozhum vadikkappettu rund adreot briggs vilayeriya charakk niracha oru turkish kappal pidichedukkukayum niravadhi yaathrakkaare vahikkukayum cheythu. ithil aduthide sthaanabhrashtanaaya sheikh-ull-islam athawa yaadhaasthithika muslimkalude pithaavaayirunnu, addeham theerthaadanatthinaayi makkayilekku pookunnuvennu parayappedunnu. krooramaaya prathikaarangal thadayunnathinulla addehathinte shramangalaayirunnu, sthiramaayi aalukalkkidayil, peloponikalile koottakkolayude vaarthakal pinthudarnnu addehathe anishtatthilekku nayikkukayum naadukadatthukayum cheythath. mattu niravadhi turkey kudumbangalum kappalil undaayirunnu. greak kalaapathinte britiish charithrakaaran, dablyu. alison phillips, (finleyil ninnu varachathu): "hydriottukal avare ellaavareyum krooramaayi konnu, nissahayaraaya vrudhanmaar, raankilulla sthreekal, sundarikalaaya adimakal, kochukuttikal ennivare kannukaalikaleppole vadhichu. greekkukaare prathinidheekarichu amithamaya theekshnatha pulartthiyirunna aadaraneeyanaaya vrudhan, thante kudumbam roshakularaakunnathum thante kanmunnilvechu kollappedunnathum kaanaan nirbandhithanaayi..."
joothanmaarude koottakkolakal.
niravadhi juthanmaar kollappettuvenkilum avare prathyekamaayi lakshyamitillenn steevan boomaan avakaashappedunnu "atharamoru durantham joothanmaarkkethiraaya oru prathyeka nadapadiyekkaal thekk juthanmaar pooraattatthil ninnu abhayam thediyirunna automan shakthikendramaaya tripolisile tarkkukale kashap cheythathinte paarshwafalamaanennu thonnunnu."ennirunnaalum, vraachoriyude kaaryatthil, oru jootha janasamkhyayude koottakkola aadyam sambhavichu, noottaandinte avasaanathil greekkukaarum ottomanmaarum thammilulla thudarnnulla niravadhi samghattanangalil ejiyan, epirus, greasinte mattu pradeshangalile ganyamaaya jootha janasamkhyayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi peloponneesile jootha janasamkhya phalapradamaayi nasippikkappettu. ennirunnaalum, greesinakathum europiludaneelamulla niravadhi juthanmaar greak kalaapathe pinthunakkukayum palarum greak lakshyathe sahayikkukayum cheythu. samsthaanathinte sthaapanathethudarnnu, juthanmaarkku niyamaparamaaya thulyatha nalkia lokathile aadyathe europian rajyangalilonnaayi automan saamraajyathil ninnulla niravadhi jootha kudiyettakkaare ithu aakarshichu.

