
galashia

aadhunika turkeyile ankaara, eskisehir pravisyakalkku ekadesham anuyojyamaaya madhya anatoliayile malanirakalile oru purathana pradeshamaayirunnu galashia (;, "galattiya", "gaul"). gaaleshya enna peru threysil ninnulla gaulukalude perilaanu (sii. eph. bii. sii. 279-ll baalkkanmaarude gallic adhiniveshathethudarnnu bii. sii. moonnaam noottaandil ivide sthirathaamasamaakkiya oru cheria shanikamaaya videsha gothramaayi marria tillis). ithine kizhakkinte gallia ennu vilikkunnu.
bhoomishaasthram.
vadakku bithinia paflagonia kizhakk pontus cappadosia thekk silishya lyconia padinjaaru fryjia gaalashyayude athirthikalaayirunnu. athinte thalasthaanam ansira (i.iii. innu aadhunika turkeyude thalasthaanamaaya ankaara).
celtic gaaleshya.
anattoliyayile moonnu celtic janathaykkaayi greekkukaar "galassians" enna padangal upayogikkaan thudangi tektosejukal, trokmi, tolistobogi. bii. sii. onnaam noottaandode, chila greak ezhuthukaar avare "hellenogalaattaay" (λληνογαλάται) ennu vilikkunna tharatthil selttukal hellenise cheyyappettu. romakkar avare "galogracy" ennu vilichu. selttukal oru paridhivare hellenistic eshya mainarumaayi samyojippikkappettenkum avar avarude bhashaaparavum vamsheeyavumaaya swathuam nilanirtthi.
bii. sii. naalam noottaandode, selttukal baalkkanukalilekk thulachukayarukayum threshyan, greekkukaarumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthukayum cheythu. bisi 380-ll avar dalmatiayude thekkan pradeshangalil (innathe croatia) yuddham cheyyukayum mahanaaya alexanderinte pithaav macedoniayile philipp randaamane celtic uthbhavamulla kataara upayogichu aarenkilum kolappeduthiyennu purathana lokamembaadum kimvadanthikal pracharikkukayum cheythu. bii. sii. 335ll gottaykkethiraaya oru prachaaranatthinide mahanaaya alexandere kaanaan vannavaril "ionic theerathu sthaapithamaaya selttukalum" ulppedunnundennu aaraan ezhuthunnu. selttukal syracusile dionysius onnamanumaayi sakhyamundakkiyathaayi niravadhi purathana vivaranagal paraamarsikkunnu, avar avare tebaanukalkkethire maasidoniyakkaarkkoppam poraadaan ayachu. bii. sii. 279ll rund celtic vibhagangal brennesinte neethrthwathil onnikkukayum thekkan bulgariayil ninnu greak samsthaanangalilekku thekkott neengaan thudangukayum cheythu. livi parayunnathanusarichu, oru valia sainyam eee pradhana groupil ninnu verpett eshya mainarilekku neengi.
niravadhi varshangalayi, bysantian, chokkdon ennivayulppedeyulla hellespondin nagarangalude oru federation eshya mainarilekku praveshikkunnathil ninnu selttukale thadanju. bithiniyayile nicomedus onnamanum sahodaran sepoitus thammilulla adhikara poraattatthinidayil, mungamiyaaya addeham 20,000 galasian koolippadayaalikale niyamichu. yathaakramam leonoriasinteyum luteriusinteyum neethrthwathil rund grouppukalaayi galashyakkaar vibhajikkapettu, avaa yathaakramam bosporus, hellespond enniva marikadannu. bii. sii. 277ll sathrutha avasaanichappol, antiocus syriayile thante bharanam urappikkave, galathyakkaar nicomedasinte niyanthranatthil ninnu purathuvannu eshya mainarile greak nagarangalil akramanam aarambhichu. galeeshyakkar cycicus, ilean, ddma, priyen, thiyattira, lavodicia enniva likesil kollayadichu, erithraasile pouranmaar avarkk mochanadravyam nalki. bii. sii. 275 allengil 269 ll, aantiyokkasinte sainyam aanakalude yudhathil sardy samathalathil evideyo galaathiyakkaare nerittu. yudhathinushesham, selttukal pinneedu vadakkan frijiyayil sthirathaamasamaakki, athu oduvil galashia ennariyappettu.
celtic galashyayude pradeshathu ansaira (innathe ankaara), pessinus, tavium, gordian ennee nagarangal ulppedunnu.
roman galashia.
deoterasinte maranashesham, maarkk aantaniyude preethi nediya brutasinteyum kaasiyasinteyum roman sainyathile sahaaya kamaandaraaya amintasinu galashia raajyam nalkappettu. bii. sii. 25-ll addehathinte maranashesham, galathia augustus roman saamraajyathil ulppeduthi, oru roman pravisyayaayi maari. raajaavinte thalasthaanamaaya ansiraykku (aadhunika ankaara) sameepam, raajaavinte anantharaavakaashiyaaya pylamens, vishwasthathayude adayaalamaayi, augustasine (smarakamaaya ansiranam) aaraadhikkunnathinaayi frijian devanmaarude oru kshethram punarnirmmichu. galaathiyayile eee kshethrathinte mathilukalilaanu augustasinte "rez gestte" yude pradhana uravidam aadhunikathaykkaayi samrakshikkappettath. chila pravishyakal rominode kooduthal aaveshathode vishwasthatha pulartthi.
josephus baibil roopamaaya gomarine galashyayumaayi (allengil orupakshe pothuve gaulumaayi) bandhappedutthi "gomar sthaapichavare greekkukaar ippol galashyakkaar ennu vilikkunnu, [galls], ennaal pinneedu avare gomaraittukal ennu vilichirunnu."mattullavar gomarine symmeriansumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
poulos apposthalan thante missionary yaathrakalil galathia sandarshikkukayum galaathiyakkaarkkulla kathililoode avideyulla kristhyaanikalkk kathezhuthukayum cheythu.
yadhaarthathil sakthamaaya saamskaarika swathuam kaivashamundengilum, eiii. dii. randaam noottaandode, galashyakkaar anatoliayude hellenistic naagarikathayilekku swaamsheekarikkappettu (hellenisation). sent kaalaghattatthil gaalashyakkar appozhum galasian bhasha samsaarikkukayaayirunnu. jerom (347-420 ad), aansairayile gaaleshyanmaarum triyarinte trevery (ippol rainlaandilulla) ore bhaashayaan samsaarikkunnathenn ezhuthiyathu ("epistolum aadu galatosil komentaari", sii. 387).
oru bharanaparamaya punasamghadanayil (sii."386-395), frijiyayude oru bhagam ulppedunna" "galashia prima" "," "galashia sekunda" "allengil" "salutaris" "ennee rund puthiya pravishyakal athinte pingamikalaayi". galletian janathayude vidhi chila anishchithathvathinu vidheyamaanengilum avar aathyanthikamayi greak samsaarikkunna anatolian janasamkhyayil ulppettathayi thonnunnu.

