
vaagan train

oru vaagan train ennathu oru koottam vaaganukal orumichu sanjarikkunnathaanu. sainika vaahanangalude vipulamaaya upayogathinu munbu, bagej trainukal saadhanangalum vedikkoppukalum upayogichu oru sainyathe pinthudarnnu.
padinjaaran american bhookhandangalil, samathalangalilum parvathapaathakalilum sanjarikkunna kudiyettakkaar parasparam sahaayathinaayi adachitta vaaganukalil orumichu nilkkunnu. vaagan trainukal pazhaya padinjarumaayi bandhappettathaanenkilum dakshinaafrikkayile trekkbowermaarum pothinja vaaganukalude kaaravanukalilaanu sanjarichirunnathu.
kudiyettatthil.
traansit, trackukal, pathakal.
american padinjaaran mekhalayile niravadhi pathakal pinthudarnna vaagan trainukal mikkavarum ellaam misouriyile swaathanthryathil ninnu uthbhavichu. orupakshe ettavum prashasthamaaya vaagan train paatha origon paathayaayirunnu, athu oru kaalayalavaayirunnu. santa phee paatha, chisholm paatha, california paatha (origon pathayil ninnu thekkupadinjaraayi vibhajikkapetta), mormon paatha, pazhaya spanish paatha ennivayaanu mattu pathakal.
vaagan train" oru vaaganukalude nira nirddeshikkunnundeng, bhoopradesam anuvadikkumbol, mattu vaaganukalilekku veeshunna podiyude alavu kuraykkunnathinu vaaganukal palappozhum puratthekku parakkukayum thottaduthekku sanjarikkukayum cheyyum. 1840-num 1880-num idayilaanu vaagan train yaatra pradhaanamaayum nadannathu, aadyathe bhookhandaanthara railway poortthiyaayathinu sesham ithu kuranju. nannayi sanjaricha paathakaliloode vaagan rattukalude chila avashishtangal innum drishyamaanu.
samghadana.
thudakkathil, padinjaarottulla sanjaaram cheria grouppukalaayi aarambhichuvenkilum nooro athiladhikamo vaaganukalulla nalla dhanasahayamulla yaathrakkaarkk professional vaagan maastarukaleyum (allengil trial maastezhs) ottakappakshikaleyum niyamikkaan kazhiyum.
20 muthal 40 vare vaaganukalulla cheria grouppukal valiyavayekkaal kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyumennu karapradeshathulla kudiyettakkaar kandethi, prathyekichu professional vaagan maastezhs illaathe. palarum janaadhipathya thathwangalkku keezhil pravartthikkukayum niyamangal srishtikkukayum oru kyapttane thiranjedukkukayum cheythu. vaasthavathil, oru captanu parimithamaaya adhikaarame undaayirunnulloo. ellaavareyum raavile sthalam maattunnathilum raathriyil eppol, evide camp cheyyanamennu thiranjedukkunnathilum mathramaayirunnu addehathinte punk.
vaagan trainukalude amgathvam saadhaaranayaayi draavakamaayirunnu, koodaathe vaaganukal avarude udamakalude aavasyangalum aagrahangalum anusarichu pathivayi trainukalil cherukayo upekshikkukayo cheiyunnu. udaaharanathinu, oru apakadamo rogamo aareyengilum pinnott veezhaanum adutha traininayi kaathirikkaanum nirbandhitharaakkaam, allengil oru tharkkathinu sesham oru munnira trainine marikadakkaan oru kudiyettakkaaran "chaattavaaradikkaam". chilar pirinju collado pradeshatho mattu pradeshangalilo sthirathaamasamaakkiyekkaam.
raathriyil, kaattilo kaalaavasthayilo ninnu abhayam nedunnathinum kudiyettakkaarude mrugangal olichodukayo thaddesheeya amerikkakkar moshtikkukayo cheiyunnathu thadayunnathinaayi avaye madhyabhaagathu nirthunnathinum vaagan trainukal palappozhum oru vrithamo chathuramo aayi roopeekarichirunnu. thaddesheeya amerikkakkar iruttinte maravil kuthirakale akramikkaan shramichekkaamenkilum avar apoorvvamaayi maathrame oru train aakramikkaarulloo. janakeeya vishwaasathinu virudhamaayi, vaaganukal prathirodhaparamaayi viralamaayi maathrame chuttikkarangiyittulla.
aadhunikakaalathe trekking.
aadhunika vahanangal kandupidikkunnathin munbu yaatra cheytha pioneermaarudeyum mattu grouppukaludeyum kaalathennapole padinjaaru paryavekshanam cheyyaan aagrahikkunnavarkk oru aadhikaarika anubhavam nalkaan innu covered vaagan trainukal upayogikkunnu.
bagej trainukal.
vedimarunnu yudhathinte varavu ardhamaakkunnathu oru sainyathin inii chuttumulla graamapradesangalil vettayaadunnathine maathram aashrayikkaan kazhiyillennum sthiramaayi aayudangal aavasyamaanennum. pathinettaam noottaandil, vitharanathinte kendreekaranatthinaayi samghaditha commissionary, quartermaster vakuppukal vikasippichu. pradhana sainyathinte pinbhaagathu sanjaricha valia koottam vaganukalaaya "bagej trainukal" enna roopathilaanu delivari nadannathu.
janapriya maadyamangalil.
padinjarottu pookunna koottaaya trekkukal yaathrakalekkurichulla niravadhi pusthakangalilum sinimakalilum television paripaadikalilum prathifalikkunnu. udaaharanangalil iva ulppedunnu emezhsan hoffinte 1922 leeii novalum jaims kroosinte nishabda chithravum, athine adisthaanamaakkiyulla "dhii covered vaagan" (1923); raul vaalshinte chithram "dhii bigg trial" (1930); roobert enn. bradburyude "vestt ward hoow" (1935); joonn fordinte "vaagan maasttar" (1950), athu prachodippicha television parambarayaaya "vaagan train" (1957-1965); vilyam velmaante chithram "vestt ward dhii viman" (1951); a. bii. gutri juuniyar.'1949-leeii "dhii way vestt" enna novalum andrew vii. athine adisthaanamaakkiyulla mcclagleninte 1967-leeii sinimayum 1979 num 1989 num idayil noval gerson (daana phular rooss enna thoolikaanaamathil) ezhuthiya 24 novalukalude "vaagans vestt" parambarayum. 

