
alba roballo

1958 muthal 1971 vare thudarchayaayi moonnu thavana urugvaay senattilum 1990 kalude thudakkathil naalam thavanayum sevanamanushticha oru urugvaayan abhibhaashakayum kaviyum raashtreeyakkaariyumaayiru alba roballo (4 august 1908-septambar 1996). montevideoyile universitid dii laa republicayil ninnu niyama birudam nediya sesham avar ezhuthaan thudangi. 1942ll avarude aadya pusthakamaaya "seey levanta ell soul" (suuryan udikkunnu) vidyaabhyaasa manthraalayathil ninnu onnaam sammanam nedi. pinneedu avar "mujer baatlista" (baatlist vuman), "ell pregon" (taunn cryer) ennee rund jenalukal sthaapichu. 1954ll montevideo departmental kaunsilil irikkunna aadya vanithayayi avar maarukayum colorado party senattaraayi thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. oru pramukha afro-urugvaayan, 1968 ll niyamithayaaya kaabinat manthriyaayi sevanamanushticha thekke amerikkayile aadya vanithayaayirunnu avar; sarkkaarinte svechaadhipathya nadapadikaletthudarnnu avar eee sthaanam raajivachu. 1971ll frent ampliyoyude sthaapakayaaya avar veendum thiranjeduppil malsarichenkilum aaa varsham avar parajayappettu.
1973leeii urugvaayan attimarikk sesham, 1984 vare raajyam bharichirunna sainika bharanakoodatthinethire thurannuparanjathinu roballo adhikaarikalude niravadhi reydukalude lakshyamaayi maari. svechaadhipathyam avasaanichappol avar oru senatt seettilekku parajayappettu. 1993 ll senattil veendum hrasvamaayi sevanamanushtichappol saamoohika mechappeduthalinaayi niyamanirmmaana padhathikal avatharippichukondu avar frent ampliyoyude dayaraktarettil sevanamanushtikkunnathu thudarnnu. 1996ll roballo marichuvenkilum avarude roopathil puratthirakkiya staambukal, theruvukal, avarude perilulla kolanikal, plaasakal, saamskaarika kendrangal ennivayulppede raajyathudaneelamulla niravadhi smarakangal avare oormmippichittund.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1908 august 4 nuu urugvaayile artigas departmentile aisla cabellosil rosa beroninteyum america roballoyudeyum makalaayi alba rosa roballo beron janichu. avalude pithaav taunn kammeeshanaraayirunnu, avalude amma adthyaapika avarude veettil ninnu eskuvela rural nambar 8 (rural school nambar 8) nadatthi. jananam muthal, roballoyum avalude ezhu sahodarangalum ammaye schoolil jolic anugamichu. avalude maathru muthachan vadakkan arjanteenayile corientes pravishyayude orukaala gavarnaraayirunnu, athesamayam avalude pithaav thaddesheeya charuva, aafrikkan vamshajaraaya urguwan ulppedeyulla sammishra paithrukamulla aalaayirunnu.
kuttikkaalathu, kudumbam salto, artigasilekku thamasam maari, avide avalude ammaykku vividha adthyaapana jolikal undaayirunnu, roballo praadhamika vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakki. cheruppam muthal thanne thanikk chuttumulla aalukale badhikkunna avasthakalekkurichu sookshumamaayi nireekshichirunna avar, kadutha vaayanakkaariyaayirikke daaridryam laghookarikkunnathinekkur samsarikkaan thudangi. avar secondary school vidyaabhyaasam lysio nambaril poortthiyaakki. 1 artigasilum thudarnnu republic sarvakalashaalayil vidyaabhyaasam thudarnnu. avar adthyaapanam padikkukayum thathwachinthayil birudam nedukayum amma doow. montevideoyile pablo dii maria street. vidyaabhyaasam thudarnna roballo sarvakalaashaalayile purusha aadipathyamulla niyama schoolil chernnu. padikkumbol thanne avar walter previthali vivaham kazhichu, avarkk sergio previthali enna oru makan janichu. avar federation dii estudientes dii laa universidid dii derecoyil (yooniversitti oof loyude studant federation) cherukayum spanish aabhyanthara yudhathil republicanmaare pinthunachu phaasist virudha prakadanangalil sajeevamaavukayum cheythu.
1933ll gabriel terra oru attimari aasoothranam cheythappol, svechaadhipathiykethire prathishedhavumaayi sarvakalashaala adhiniveshathil roballo pankedutthu. juulioo sezar grewartinteyum baltasar braminteyum neethrthwathilulla colarado partyil avar chernnu. attimariyethudarnnu brum aathmahathya cheythappol, roballo othukoodiya valia janakkoottathinu janaadhipathyathe samrakshikkunna oru shavasamskara prasangam nalki. eaka vanita pankaaliyenna nilayil, avar saamraajyathva virudhavum saamoohika purogamanaparavumaaya gravertinte neethrthwathilulla colorado party oru vibhagamaaya agrupatian avaansaaril (awansar group) chernnu. vivaahithayaayathinaal mattu sthreekalkku praveshanam nirodhichirunna klabbukalilum meating sthalangalilum prakshobham nadatthaan avarkk kazhinju. eee kaalayalavil avar niravadhi soshyalistukale kandumuttukayum kaal maarksinteyum friedrich engalsinteyum ashayangal thurannukaattappedukayum cheythu. aval eiii ennu thiricharinju, pakshe avalude bharthaav oru kammyoonistaayirunnu. 1939ll roballo niyama birudam nedi.
currier.
ezhuthuka (1940-1992).
1940 kalude thudakkathil roballo "mujer baatlista" (baatlist vuman) enna maasika sthaapichu, athu avar thante rashtreeya ashayangal munnottuvaykkaan upayogichu. 1942ll avar thante aadya kavithasamaahaaramaaya "seey levanta ell soul" (suuryan udikkunnu) prasidheekarichu, aaa varshathe saahithyamathsarathil pothuprabodhanamantraalayam onnaam sammanam nalki aadarichu. gadyavum kavithayumaaya avarude rachanakal avarude oorjjaswalavum vimathavumaya manobhaavathe prathiphalippichu. agonist" shailiyil, avar avalude uthkanda, vedana, ksheenam enniva saamoohika saahacharyangaliloodeyum swantham maathrraajyathodulla avalude aazhathilulla snehathiloodeyum paryavekshanam cheythu. roballoyude kruthikalil ulla prameyangal sahanubhoothiyum aashvaasavum prachodanavum nalkaanulla avarude pothu prathibaddhathaye prathidhvanippichuvenkum saamoohika paristhithiyodum jeevithathinte velluvilikalodum ulla samvedanakshamathayodoppam varunna poraattavum vedana thurannukaatti. udaaharanathinu, "teompo dii lobos" (chennaaykkalude kaalam, 1970) svechaadhipathyakaalathu sambhavicha bheekarathayudeyum kashtappaadukaludeyum kaalaavasthaye vilayiruthunnu. chilian kaviyum nayathanthranjanumaaya pablo neruda, meksikkan ezhuthukaaranum thathwachinthakanumaaya alphonso raise, arjanteeniyan thirakkathaakruthaaya sezar teompo ennivaraanu avarude kruthikal videshathu avatharippichathu. avar "ell pregon" (prakhyapanam) enna prathivaara jenalum sthaapichu, athu athe perilulla avarude rashtreeya prasthaanatthinte mukhapathramaayi maari. 1992-ll "laa cassa dell huma" (pukayude veedu) enna avasana prasidheekaranathode avarude saahitya ulppaadanam avarude kariyaril vyaapichu.
rashtreeya jeevitam (1947-1971).
1947ll roballo visenteyile (famili alavans fund, visent) kajas dii asignashiyons faamiliyezhsinte chairmaanaayi. thozhilaallikalude varumanam mechappeduthunnathinum thozhilaallikalude kudumbangalkk, prathyekichu budhimuttukal anubavikkunna kuttikalullavarkku saambathika nashtapariharam nalkunnathinumaayi 1943ll urugvaayil famili alavans fandukal sthaapichu. 1951 muthal 1954 vare avar kaaja dii joobilaasiyons (pension fund) yude vais presidentaayi sevanamanushtichu. 1954ll, roballo chamber oof deputicil oru seettilekku malsarichu, ennaal avar oru cheria maarjinil paraajayappettappol, president luis baatle avare graamapradesangalile pensionukalude vitharanathinu melnottam vahikkunna kaaja rural (rural fund) chairmaanaayi niyamichu.
athe samayam, 1954-ll, kaunsilil oru sthree sevanamanushtikkukayum nagara sarkkaarinte neethrthwathil earppedukayum cheytha aadya thavana adayaalappeduthikkondu avar kansejo depertamental dii montevideo (montevideo departmental kaunsil) yude vais presidentaayi thiranjedukkappettu. raajyathe ettavum pinnakkam nilkkunnavareyum paarshwalkkarikkappettum sahayikkaan samarppichirunna roballo palappozhum munisippal kottaaratthil manikkoorukalkk sesham shucheekarana jeevanakkaare sahaayikkunnath kaanaan kazhiyum. thalasthaanathu rogam unmoolanam cheiyunnathil vijayicha poliyo vaxine irakkumathi cheiyunnathinulla sammarddathinum avar utharavaadiyaayirunnu. 1959 vare munisippal kaunsilil sevanamanushticha avar kaarnivalinte udghaadana velayil (kooll paredu) audyogikamaayi amgeekarikkaanulla padhathi avatharippikkunnathilum nagaratthile paavappettavarkkaayi shavasamskara sevanangal sthaapikkunnathilum saamoohika sevana dayaraktarettu samghadippikkunnathilum ariyappettirunnu. roadukal nirmmikkuka, thurankangal nirmmikkuka, nagaratthinte vikasanathinaayi aadyathe maasttar plan srishtikkuka ennivayulppede niravadhi pothumaraamathu padhathikalum avar samghadippichu.
1958ll senattaraayi thiranjedukkappetta roballo, akkaalat pothusabhayil sevanamanushtichirunna eaka vanithayaayirunnu. 1962lum 1966lum avar veendum thiranjedukkappettu. senattile avarude kaalath, paavappettavarudeyum sthreekaludeyum jeevitam mechappeduthunnathinulla niyamanirmmaanathil avar vijayichu. 1958leeii sessionil avar niyama nambar. 12.572, saadhaaranayaayi "liie madrey" (maathru niyamam) ennariyappedunnu, ithu jolie cheiyunna sthreekalkku garbhaavasthaykku munbum sheshavum aarr aazhcha shambalathodeyulla avadhiyo allengil garbhakaalath thozhilillaatha sthreekalkku samsthaana shambalamo anuvadikkunnu. sthreekalude avakashangalkkulla oru supradhana samrakshanamaayirunnu eee niyamam. avivahita pankaalittham amgeekarikkunnathinulla niyamanirmmaanathilum thulya avasarangal nalkunnathinum thozhilaallikalude chooshanam parimithappeduthunnathinnu nadapadikalilum avar pravarthichu.
1968ll president jorjju pacheko vidyaabhyaasa, saamskaarika manthriyaayi roballo thiranjedutthu. thante niyamanathode, urugvaayilum thekke amerikkayilum kaabinat manthriyaayi sevanamanushtikkunna aadya vanithayayi avar maari. paachekkoyude bharanavumaayi avarkk aazhathilulla abhipraayavyathyaasangalundu, meyy 3 muthal juun 13 vare adhikaarathilirunna roballo thante kaabinat seett raajivachu, pakshe pacheco adiyanthara executive adikaarangal nadappaakkiya divasam senattar enna nilayilulla sthaanam raajivachilla. pathrangalude ulladakkam sensor cheythukondu addeham pathrangalude chila bhagangal adachu. trade unionukaludeyum adichamarthappetta idathupaksha rashtreeya grouppukaludeyum nethaakkale arast cheiyunnathinum pothusammelanangal nirodhikkunnathinum edapedaanulla poleesinte adikaaram vipuleekarikkunnathinum addeham adiyanthara niyamangal earppeduthi. 1968 august 14nuu lieber aars, hugo dii loss santos, susanna pintos ennivayulppedeyulla vidyaarthi prakadanakkaare police kolappedutthi. aaa divasam, colorado party vittu swantham rashtreeya grouppaaya movimiyanto pragon roopeekarikkaan roballo theerumaanichu.
1971leeii thiranjeduppinu munnodiyaayi, colorado partyile muun amgamaaya selmar misheliniyumaayum mattu idathupaksha party amgangalumaayum chernnu roballo puthiya frent amplio (broad frond) sakhyam roopeekarichu. colarado party vittuvenkilum roballo thante kariyariludaneelam baatlist prathyayashaasthram pinthudarnnu. batlism samrakshikkaan party vidanamennu avar avakashappettu, athinte thathwangal unmaadathilekku konduvannu. aaa varshathe frent ampliyoyude sthaapaka amgangalil, munbu baatlistukalaayirunna sthaanaarthikalil mishelini, roballo, enriq martinus moreno, senatt, hugo battalla, sergio privittaali ennivar deputy sthaanathekku. veendum thiranjeduppil malsarichenkilum, 1971ll roballo senattilekku thirichethiyilla, ennirunnaalum sakhyathinte aadya thiranjeduppil anchu senattarmaarum 18 deputy amgangalum vijayichathode apratheekshithamaayi frent amplio vijayichu.
pinneedulla currier (1973-1993).
1973leeii attimarikk sesham sainyathinethire thurannuparanjathinu roballo peedanatthinu irayaayi. 12 varshathe svechaadhipathyakaalathu avarude veedu niravadhi thavana raid cheyyappettu. thante aadyakaala kariyaril, roballo thante aafrikkan paithrukathe apoorvvamaayi maathrame amgeekarichirunnullave palappozhum raalikalil candombe drummermar avarodoppam undaayirunnu.
mattu afro-urugvaayanmaareppole, avale avalude charmmatthinte niram kondu paraamarsikkukayum "laa neegra roballo" ennu vilikkukayum cheythu, athu avahelanakaramaanennu avar karuthi. praayamaakumbol, roballo thante paithrukathekkurichum oru sthree, karuthavarggakkaaran, idathu chaayvulla raashtreeyakkaaran ennee nilakalil thaan neritta vivechanathekkurichum kooduthal thurannuparayaan thudangi. svayam vivarikkunnathil avar paranju, "yoo yugam laa neegra kyoo leeii gustaba ell vino, laa kyoo tennia coastumbrus deficillus vaii seey juntaba koonn loss neegros dell barrio surr". (veenju eshtappedunna karutha vargakkaariyaaya sthriyum kadinamaaya aachaarangalullavalum thekk bhaagathulla karuthavargakkaarumaayi kandumuttunnavalumaayirunu njaan.)
soviyatt yooniyante communist party parishkarikkunnathinayi perestroica nayangal nadappaakkiya sesham roballo yuu. ezz. ezz. aarilekk yaatra cheythu. raajyathin marran kazhiyumenna samshayam undengilum, russiakkaar thangalude bhoothakaalathe bahumanikkukayum ennaal athine vimarsikkukayum cheythathinaal, avarude soshyalist bhoothakaalathe kooduthal aagola sameepanavumaayi layippikkunnathil avar vijayikkumennu avar thante yaathraykk sesham nigamanam cheythu. 1984ll svechaadhipathyam avasaanichappol, roballo veendum senattilekku (swatantra janaadhipathya idathu) party sthaanaarthiyaayi malsarichu, athu frent ampliyoyude bhaagamaayirunnu, pakshe parajayappettu. 1990 kalude thudakkathil frent ampliyoyude director bordinte bhaagamaayi thante swaadheenam thudaraan avarkk kazhinju. 1989ll malsaricha avar democracia awanzada (advanced democracy) party ithara senattaraayi thiranjedukkappettu. 1993ll senattilekku madangiyethiya avar kazhinja varsham oru thavana senattil sevanamanushtichu.
maranavum paarambaryavum.
1996 septambar 3nuu montevideoyil vachu roballo antharichu. avarude smaranaykkaayi, niyamanirmmaana kottaaratthile oru muriykk avarude peru nalki. 2002ll montevideoyude departmental boardil oru anusmaranachadangu nadannu, athil bertha sanseverino ulppede niravadhi board amgangalude sthuthigaanangal ulppedunnu. 2010 leeii anthaaraashtra vanita dinathil, urugvaayan tapal staambu parambarayaaya "mujeras notables uruguayas" (sradheyamaaya urugvaayan sthreekal) ll avar aadarikkappettu. 2012ll, artigasile oru theruvinu avarude bahumaanaartham peru nalki. montevideoyude bella itaaliya parisarathulla oru plaasaykk 2015 ll avarude peru nalki. 2019 augustil kaarshika parishkaarangal niyanthrikkunna 19781 leeii niyamam, sthreekalkku bhoomi ettedukkaanum samyukthamaayi avakashangal kaivasham vaykkaanum avakaashamundenn amgeekarikkunnathinaayi raajyathudaneelamulla 16 kolanikalkku vikasanathe baadhicha pramukha sthreekalude peru nalki. artigas vakuppile colonic roballoyude bahumaanaartham peru nalki. 2020ll montevideoyile newo paarees jillayile oru saamskaarika kendram avarude peril udghaadanam cheythu.