
gooi

netherlandsinte madhyabhaagathulla hilversaminu chuttumulla oru pradesamaanu gooi (duches "hettu gooi"). pachappu niranja bhooprakrithi, charitraparamaaya manoharita, nivaasikaludeyum villakaludeyum sambathu ennivayaal savisheshathayulla cheruthaayi malayora pradeshamaanith. sambannarudeyum prashastharudeyum vaasasthalamaayaanu rajyath gooi ariyappedunnathu.
peru.
oru 'mekhala' yude pazhaya peraaya 'gau' enna dutch padamaaya 'gau' yumayi 'gooi' enna peru bandhappettirikkunnu. dutch bhashayil parambaraagathamaayi gooi ennu vilikkappedunna 'hettu gooi' allengil 'tii gooi' ennaanu aksharaarthatthil 'gooi' ennu ardham. ithine chilappol "gooyil land" ennum vilikkunnu. engleeshil eee pradeshathe saadhaaranayaayi "hettu gooi" (thalasthaanam "echu") allengil "gooi pradesham" ennu vilikkunnu.
sthaanavum ghadanayum.
vadakkan holland pravishyayude thekkukizhakkan moolayil hilversaminu chuttumulla pradesamaanu gooi. aamstardaamin kizhakkum utrechinu vadakkum, amezhsfoorttinum amsterdaminum idayilaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. athirthikal vyakthamaayi verthirikkappettilla. 1356ll utrekt pravisyayumaayulla athirthi nirnnayikkunnathinaayi kuzhicha guergract enna varanda kuzhikkum vektt nadikkum edayilulla pradeshamaanith. vadakkan holland pravisyayil sthithi cheiyunna eee pradeshatthinte bhaagatheyaanu parambaraagathamaayi gooi ennu vilikkunnathu. palappozhum eee padam eee pradeshatthinte uyarnna, manal niranja, vanapradeshathe soochippikkaan maathrame upayogikkunnulloo. hillwaresm (pradeshatthinte madhyabhagavum ettavum valia munisippaalittiyum), bassam, narden, huysen, larren, blaricum ennivayaanu eee pradeshathe pattanangal.
gooyick vadakku ijselmeerinte thekkan vipuleekaranamaaya lake gooi (dutch bhashayil goomir) enna peril oru jalashayamundu. vechtstrek ennu vilikkunna oru pradesham gooyick padinjaraayi sthithicheyyunnu. utrekt pravishyayile eemlaant kizhakkayi sthithicheyyunnu. weasp, eemnes ennee pattanangalum chilappol gooi pattanangalilaanennu karuthappedunnu. avaa ulppeduthunnathiloode eee pradesham padinjaaru aamstardaam-raine kanal vareyum (vechttilekku mathramalla) kizhakk eem nadhi vareyum (gooyergraachtilekku mathramalla) vyaapichukidakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, charitraparamaayum bhoomishaasthraparamaayum eee pattanangal yadhaarthathil gooyiyude bhagamalla. vektstrikkinteyum eemnessum eemlandinteyum bhagamaanu.
padinjaarum thekkupadinjaarum lucedrect thadakangal (lucedrectseplasence), ankaveen thadakangal (unqueensheplassen) enningane rund thadaaka samvidaanangalundu. 2002 januvari 1 nuu eee thadaaka samvidaanangalude pradeshathe pattanangal vijdemeren enna munisippaalittiyaayi samghadippichu. ankeveen, brookaleeveen, s-graveland, courtenhoff, mueveld, netherhorst denne berg, nyoo-lucedrech, oud-lucedrech enniva eee munisippalittiyil ulppedunnu. eee pradeshatthinte chila bhagangal fenlandaanu. charitraparamaayi ellaam anganeyaayirunnillengum annumuthal eee pradeshavum gooyiyude bhaagamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. uttrechtse weylandon" ennu vilikkunna mechilppura bhoomi thekk bhagathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. thekkukizhakk utrekt pravisyayil "laagt vaan pijnenberg" allengil pijnenberg depression ennu vilikkunna oru vanapradesham sthithicheyyunnu, ithu utrekt hill ridjinte madhyabhaagathekkulla parivartthanatthe adayaalappeduthunnu.
rund motorvekal gooyiloodeyaanu kadannupokunnathu eiii1 kizhakkum padinjaarum ozhukunnu; eiii27 vadakkum thekkum ozhukunnu. aamstardaam muthal hillwaresm vareyum (aamstardaam-suttfen reyilveyude bhagamaaya "gooyiljin"), hillwaresm muthal utrekt (hillwaresm-lunettan railway) vareyum pookunna railway eee pradeshathiloode kadannupokunnu. guibog" ennu vilikkunna oru line "gooyiljin" neey weasp-lelistaad reyilveyumaayi ("flevolijn") almerilekkum lelistaadilekkum bandhippikkunnu.
prakrithidrishyangalum prakrithiyum.
utrekt hill ridge (utrekts heuvelrug) ennariyappedunna bhoomishaasthraparamaaya roopeekaranathinte vadakke attathaanu gooi kendreekarichirikkunnathu. eee pradeshatthinte "malancherivu" aapekshikamaan. graamapradeshangalude backie bhagam parannathum samudranirappinu thazheyaayathum kaaranam ithu malayoramaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. guyiyile ettavum uyaram koodiya sthalam taffelberg (samudranirappil ninnu 36.4 meter uyarathil) aanu, ithu blaarikkathinum hyusen idayil pakuthiyolam sthithicheyyunnu.
thudakkathil eee pradeshathe vanangalum mannum kondu moodappettirunnu. oru kaalath ithu uyarnnathum thaazhnnathumaaya fenn pradeshangalaal (peett bogukalulla) chuttappettirunnathil ithu oru swaabhaavika thadassam srishtikkukayum thekk utrekt pradeshathu ninnu verpeduthukayum cheythu. innu gooi pradeshathe bhooprakrithiyil ippozhum nalla vyathyaasamund. varandathum manal niranjathumaaya oru malanjerivaanu bhooprakrithiyil aadhipathyam pularthunnathu. malanirakalude kizhakkum padinjaarum paranna eerppamulla thaazhnna mechilppuramundu. bhoomiyude uyarathile maattangalum eerppathil ninnu varandathilekkulla parivartthanavum pala mrugangalkkum sasyangalkkum pradhaanamaan. pradeshatthinte arikukalile jalaashayangalkk manalkkunnukaliloode ozhukunna vellamaan nalkunnathu.
chila vanangalum vanangalum innum nilanilkkunnu, prathyekichu spanderswowd, hilversoms hyde, hornbogs hyde, bassumer hyde. eee pradeshangalellaam ippol gooi nechar reserve foundeshan niyanthrikkunna prakrithi pradesangalaanu. elapozhiyum, coniferous vanangal, choodu, manal kuzhikalulla pulmedukal, estettukalaayi vikasippicha bhoomi, thuranna uyarnna nilangaludeyum komansinteyum ("engen enn mentten") savisheshamaaya sheshippukal enniva eee pradeshathe sasyajalangalil ulppedunnu. nardermeer (netherlandsile ettavum pazhaya prakrithi samrakshana kendravum black cormorantukalude ("falacrockerax nigra") savisheshamaaya oru kolaniyude aasthaanavum) gooi prakrithi samrakshana kendravum ("goois natureservath") ulppede chila pradeshangal samrakshanathinaayi neekkivachittundu. nagaravikasana kaiyerunnathinethire vilapetta prathirodhamaan eee pradeshangal. vanapradeshangalulla niravadhi pradeshangalude sthiramaaya chuttupaadukal, thadassamillaatha bhooprakrithiyude midhyaadhaarana srishtikkukayum nirmmitha pradeshangal kaazhchayil ninnu akattinirthukayum cheiyunnu ennathaanu gooyiyile bhooprakrithiyude oru savisheshatha. netherlandil ithu apoorvamaanu.
pradhana prakrithi pradeshangaliloode kadannupokunnathinaal eee pradeshathiloode (eiii1, eiii27) kadannupokunna motorvekalekkurichu chila aashankakalundu. hilvezhsathinaduthu lokathile ettavum dairkhyameriya vanyajeevi crossing ovarpaas nirmmichirikkunnathu enn524, aamstardaam-hillwaresm railway lainil aanu. naturbrug sanderij crailo (aksharaarthatthil, "crailo manal kwari prakrithi paalam") ennu vilikkappedunna eee valia gadanaykku 800 meteriladhikam neelamundu, ithu motorway, railway line enniva mathramalla, oru bisinus paarkk, nadhi, sports complexes ennivayum vyaapichukidakkunnu. vanyajeevi samrakshanavum nagaravikasanavum samyojippikkunna eee noothana padhathiyude falaprapti parishodhikkunnathinaayi nilavil nireekshanam nadakkunnundu.
charithram.
charitraatheethakaalam.
uyarnna manal niranja nilathaanu gooi pradesham sthithi cheiyunnathu. charitraatheethakaala hollandile nirantharam maarikkondirikkunna jaladrishyathil, eee pradesham vaasasthalathinu anuyojyamaayirunnu, netherlandsile ettavum pazhakkam chenna janavaasamulla bhaagangalil onnaayaan ithu kanakkaakkappedunnath. charithraatheethakaalatthe kunnukalum hillwaresm samskaarathinte avashishtangalum eee pradeshathu kaanapedunnu. hilvezhsathilum pradeshathum, prathyekichu shmashana kunnukalil kaanapedunna manpaathra avashishtangal soochippikkunnathu hilvezhsam samskaaram aadyakaala, madhya venkala kaalaghattatthil (1800-1200 bce) muthalullathaanennu soochippikkunnu. viralukalum aani mudrakalum kondu arikukalil alankarichirikkunna koost aakruthiyilullathum kattiyullathumaya paathrangalkk eee samskaaram ariyappedunnu. sent. siyude arikil hofland geological museum. joninte semiteri (sent.-jaanskerkhof) eee samskaarathil ninnulla chila vasthukkal pradarshippichittundu.
eee pradeshathu thaazhnna bhaagangalil vellam shekharikkappettu. eee kudivella kendrangal kannukaalikalkk jalasrothass nalkukayum pradeshathe vaasasthalangalude kendrangalaayi maarukayum cheythu. manal manninte phalabhooyishtatha kuravaayathinaal aadukale meyikkalaayirunnu pradhana kaarshika pravartthanam. ithu kambili uthppaadanathinte vikasanathilekku nayichu.
1300 vare gooi kooduthalum avikasithamaayirunnu. bhoomi, kaadukal, thurassaaya vayalukal enniva pothuvaayi upayogikkunna kurachu kaarshika vaasasthalangal maathrame undaayirunnulloo.
madhyakaalakhattam.
eee pradeshatthinte peru "naardinklaant" (aksharaarthatthil, "narden land") ennaayirunnu. 968 muthal 1806 vare, naardinklaantinte mail aadhipathyam saankethikamaayi hoog-elttanile (innathe jarmmani, appol guldermaarude bhagamaayirunna) oru kuleena vanithakalude konvent "godgevijde magdon vaan elttan" (aksharaarthatthil, "daivathinu samarppikkapetta elttante kanyakamaar") ennu vilichirunnu. ghentile kaundu vichmaanaan konvent sthaapikkukayum goik mail konventinu aadhipathyam nalkukayum cheythath.
gooyiyile aadyathe graamam nardhan (oud-nardhan) aayirunnu, 887 muthalulla oru pattikayil "naruthi" ennu paraamarsikkappettu. 1085-ll sent sentinte ippozhathe sthalathu oru chaappal sthaapikkappettu. joninte semiteri (sent.-jaanskerkhof) laaranil. ithu pradeshatthinte mathakendramaayi maari. ithu oru palliyaayum theerthaadana sthalamaayum vikasichu, ithu pinneedu basilikkayude padavi nedukayum larene oru vaarshika sent saittayi maattukayum cheythu. sent johninte thirunaalil johninte ghoshayaathra nadannu. juun 24 nuu joonn. 1285-ll floris vii, kaundu oof holland, konventil ninnu heerlijkhaid avakashangal vaangi. (pinneedu holland kaundiyum utrechu bishoper thammil pradeshatthinte bharanathecholli tharkkangal undaayi.) pradeshathe mattu pattanangalil sthaapithamaaya pallikalkkellaam sent enna peru undaayirunnu. vidus, gooyiyude rakshaadhikaari vishudhan. narden, hillwaresm ennivaykku angane peritta rund pallikalundaayirunnu; busam, blaricum enniva oronnum.
1300 oode eee pradeshathu orutharam karshaka sahakarana samgham ("borenself oorganaisetti") roopeekarikkappettu. netherlandsile savisheshamaaya, athinte amgangal bhoomi oru pothusthalamaayi upayogikkaanum niyantrikkaanumulla avakashangal urappichu. erfgooyers" ennu vilikkappedunna eee madhyakala samghadana 1972 vare shradheyamaayi nilaninnu.
eee pradeshathe janangal (prathyekichu bassam, larren, blericum) "goois" enna dutch loow saaksan bhasha samsaarichirunnu. frisiyayil ninnu huysanilekkulla kudiyettam ardhamaakkunnathu avide oru frisian bhasha samsaarikkappedunnu ennaanu.
aadhunika yugam.
1500 muthal pathinezhaam noottaandil ettavum uyarnna nilayilethiya aamstardaaminte vipuleekaranathinaayi eee pradeshathu manal khananam cheythu. thalphalamaayi niravadhi jalapathakal kallukal, narden, bassam ennivayil kuzhichu. kanal samvidaanavum eee pradeshathe aamstardaamumaayi bandhippikkunna oru kanal boat samvidaanathinte varavum eee pradeshathe kooduthal saambathikamaayi valaraan sahayichu. kambiliyudeyum thunitharangaludeyum uthppaadanathinulla oru kendramaayi hilvezhsam vikasichu.
kanaalukalum pinneedu railway sthaapichathode aamstardaam, utrekt ennividangalil ninnulla sambannar eee pradeshathu mahathaaya naadan veedukal nirmmikkaan thudangi. sambannamaaya ayalpakkangal (udha.jii. tii speegalinte bassam ayalpakkamaan vikasichathu. 1874ll amsterdaminum amezhsfortinum edayilulla reyilveyude falamaayi hilvezhsavum bassum aanu aadyamaayi valarnnathu. 1892ll larren, blaricum, hyusen ennivaye bandhippikkunna tram line sthaapichathinushesham eee pattanangalum vikasichu. 1950kalil motorvekalude (eiii1, eiii27) nirmmaanam eee prakriya thudarnnu.
1918ll hilversathil nirmmicha enn. ezz. eph. factoric (netherlands saintostellan fabric, dutch broadcasting-ekyupment factory) sesham gooi prakshepana vyavasaayam vikasichu. ithu hilversathil ninnu aduthulla mattu pattanangalilekku vyaapichu. netherlandsile aadyathe television prakshepanam bassil ninnaan. innu netherlands pothu prakshepanatthinu pradeshathudaneelam offeesukalum studiyokalum undu.
gooi valia janasamkhyayullathaayi mariyirikkunnu. pradeshathe prakrithiyum charitraparamaaya soundaryavum kaaranam, viramichavar ulppedeyulla sambannarkku gramangal akarshakamaayi mariyirikkunnu. janasamkhya thaarathamyena praayameriyathaanu, koodaathe niravadhi vaardhakyakaala bhavanangalund. eee pradeshathe yadhaartha nivaasikal puthumukhangalude vellappokkathil mungi. ivide samsaarichirunna praadeshika bhasha phalatthil aprathyakshamaayi.
gooi pattanangal.
hillwaresm.
hillwaresm ippol gooyiyile ettavum pradhanappettathum ettavum valuthumaaya pattanamaan, pathinettaam noottaandil nardenil ninnu ithu ettedutha oru punk. netherlandsile radio, television prakshepanatthinte pradhana kendramaanu eee pattanam. parambaraagathamaayi catholica pattanamaya sent palliyaan ettavum pradhanappetta palli. vidus charchu ("sintt-vittaskerkk").
kambili uthppaadanathinteyum thunithara, paravatani nirmmaana vyavasaayathinteyum druthagathiyilulla vikasanathinte falamaayi hillwaresm gooyiyude kendramaayi maari. 1918ll hilversathil "enn. ezz. eph" allengil netherlands saintostellan fabric ennu vilikkunna oru phillips radio, traansmittar factory nirmikkappettu. ithu netherlands pothu prakshepana samvidaanavum avro, varaa, crow, enn. sii. aarr. vii, enn. tii. ezz, enn. oo. ezz. ennivayum mattu nettvarkkukalum sthaapikkunnathilekku nayichu. nagaratthile pradhana saambathika pravartthanamaayi prakshepanam maari. 1965ll pattanatthile janasamkhya 103,000 aayirunnuvenkilum sameepa dashakangalil athinte chila vyavasaayangal nashtappedukayum janasamkhya kurayukayum cheythu. 2016ll janasamkhya 88,000 aayirunnu. prakrithi samrakshana kendrangalaal chuttapetta eee nagarathinu vikasikkaan kazhinjilla.
nardanan.
1300-ll narden athinte nagara avakashangal nalkappedukayum (angane cheytha oreyoru nagaram) pinneedu oru thunithara vyavasayamulla kottakalulla oru gaarisan pattanamayi vikasippikkukayum cheythu. asaadhaaranamaamvidham, pattanatthinte mathilukal ippozhum kedukoodaathe nilanilkkukayum punarudharikkappedukayum cheythu. netherlands fort myoosiyathinte (netherlands vesting museum) aasthaanamaanu narden. ellah varshavum narden deseeya photograph festivalinum good friedale baachinte sent prakadanatthinum aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu. grettu charchu allengil sent ennu vilikkappedunna praadeshika palliyile mathevu abhinivesham. vidus palli. neratthe praadhaanyamundaayirunne, pathinettaam noottaandil nardene marikadannu hillwaresm undaayirunnu, innu athu ayal bassinekkaal valare cheruthaanu. rasakaramaaya charithravum nagaradrishyavumulla onnaanengilum ithu ippol goois merron munisippaalittiyude bhagamaanu.
larren blarikkavum.
pathonpathaam noottaand vare laaranum blarikkavum paavapettathum cheria krishiyidangalumaayirunnu. muun theerthaadana sthalamaaya larren juun 24 nuu avide oru ghoshayaathra nadathunnu. sent semitheriyilekku nayikkunna "marana pathakal" ("doodwegen") undu. laarenile johns charchu ("sintt-jaanskerkhof"). 1882ll neeravi train aarambhicha kaalam muthal 1950 vare eee pradeshathu oru aartist kolaniyundaayirunnu. aantan movu (vinsent vaangoginte adhyaapakan), jaann sluitezhs, ferdinand hart nibbrig, saar dii swart, american art collector vilyam singer ennivar nivaasikalil ulppedunnu, avarude shekharam gaayakan larren myoosiyathinte adisthaanamaayi maari. innu television vyakthikalkkum viramichavarkkum 1990-kalile internettu kuthichuchaattatthil sambannaraaya aalukalkkum thamasikkunna pattanangalaan larren blarikkavum. sthithivivarakkanakkukal anusarichu netherlandsile eathoru munisippaalittiyilum ettavum sambannaraanu blaricum nivaasikal. larren nivaasikalaan ettavum praayam koodiyavar. blaarikkathinteyum laareninteyum rasakaramaaya oru savisheshatha, oronninum ippozhum dutch bhashayil "birg" ennu vilikkunna avayude madhyathil thirichariyaan kazhiyunna oru grama pachayundu ennathaanu. laarenil athinte madhyathil oru kulavum neeruravayum undu. prashastharaaya kurachuper blaarikkatthil jeevikkunnu.
bassam.
eiii. dii. 1000-laanu bassam sthaapithamaayathu. pathonpathaam noottaand vare ithu oru kaarshika graamamaayi thudarnnu. railway sthaapichappol, bassum narden oru steshan nirmmikkukayum ithu eee pradeshathe kooduthal eluppathil athicheraavunnathaakkumku cheythu. ivide svanthamaayi "walden koolani" aarambhicha frederic vaan eedan, herman gorter ennivarulppede kalakaaranmaar pattanatthil sthirathaamasamaakki. irupathaam noottaandil ithu oru residential commuter tounaayi athivegam valarnnu. 1950-kalil studiyo airinil ninnaan (ippol pooyi) aadyathe pothu television prakshepanam nadathiyathu. 1980kalil valarcha mandagathiyilaakukayum athu oru paridhivare viramikkal samoohamaayi maarukayum cheythu. netherlandsile eathoru munisippaalittiyilum ettavum pazhakkamullavaraanu ividathe nivaasikal. innu, hilversom-aamstardaam railway lainil sthithicheyyunnathinaal, bassam-narden-hilversoms meentinte konbareshan hilversom kazhinjaal, hettu gooyiyile randaamathe valia biltt-upp eriyayaanu, pakshe huysanekkaal munnilaanu.
huysen.
noottaandukalaayi huizen parambaraagathamaayi protestant krishiyidamaayirunnu, ennaal pathonpathaam noottaandode ithu vadakkott theerathekku vyaapippikkukayum oru malsyabandhana graamamaayi maarukayum cheythu. afsluitedijku suiderseye thadayukayum flevolant vattikkukayum srishtikkukayum cheythathinushesham malsyabandhana vyavasaayam illaathaayi, pakshe eee pattanam ippozhum ijselmeerinte thekkan vipuleekaranamaaya goomeerilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. yudhaanantharam, avide oru phillips factory nirmmichathinaal (adachathinushesham) nagaram athivegam valarnnu. bassam, hilvezhsam ennivayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, pattanatthile janasamkhya ippozhum vardhichukondirikkanu, koodaathe ithinu oru paarppida swabhaavavumundu. 42, 000 janasamkhyayulla hyusen netherlandsile svanthamaayi railway kanakshan illaatha valia pattanangalilonnaanu.
saamskaarikavum charitraparavumaaya thaalparyamulla enangal.
eee pradeshathu thaalpparyamulla niravadhi saamskaarikavum charitraparavumaaya enangalunda 
pothu chithram.
dutch janataye sambandhichidatholam, gooi pradesham prakshepana vyavasaayathinteyum pradeshathe nivaasikalude sambannathayudeyum uyarnna swath moolyangaludeyum paryaayamaan. "anuvadaneeyamaaya sthalangalkku purathu uyarnna vilayulla vaahanathinte kashwal parkinganu "gooi parking". gooi metha" enna vaachakam prakshepana vyavasaayathinte ayanja daarmmikathaye soochippikkunnu. engleeshil thulyamaayathu orupakshe "casting kauchu" aayirikkum. eee pradeshathu thamasikkunna naalu adhapathicha sthreekalude jeevithathe pinthudarunna janapriya television paripaadiyaaya "gooi viman" ("gooyishe vrouven") hettu gooyiyude prashasthi (orupakshe ennennekkumaayi) adayaalappeduthiyittundu.
aksharangalude avasaanam "r" ennu ucharikkunnathin gooi bhaashayilulla aalukal ariyappedunnu. vayar" polulla oru padatthile "aarr" staanderd dutch bhaashayilullathupole uruttiyitilla. ithu eathaandu american "aarr" pole ucharikkappedunnu, athinaal "dardur" "davardur" pole kelkkunnu. athu yadhaartha praadeshika bhashayalla, marichu aamstardaamil ninnum randstaadil mattidangalil ninnum gooyiyilekk marria aalukalude aadhunika samsara reethiyaanu. gooi pradeshathu ninnulla niravadhi aalukal televisionil prathyakshappedunnathinaal, eee samsara reethi raajyathudaneelam swaadheenamullathaanu.

