
serbian pracharanam

onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu serbia raajyathinethire kendra sakthikal 1914lum 1915lum aarambhicha sainika paryaveshanangalude oru parambarayaayirunnu serbian kaambayin.
1914 juulai 28nuu austriya-hunkery serbiyaykkethire yuddham prakhyaapichathinu sheshamaan aadya akramanam aarambhichath. 
austro-hangarian neethrthwam "shiksha paryaveshanam" () ennu vilikkunna eee paryaveshanam austriyan general ooskaar pottiyorekkinte neethrthwathilaayirunnu. serbiakkaarum avarude montenegrin sakhyakakshikalum parajayappetta moonnu austro-hungarian adhinivesha sramangal pinthirippichathinethnu ithu avasaanichu. serr yudhathile serbian sainyathinte vijayam onnaam lokamahaayudhathile aadyathe sakhya vijayamayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, koodaathe serbiayodulla austro-hungarian sainyathinte paraajayatthe aadhunika sainika charithratthile valia attimarikalilonnu ennu vilikkunnu.
ekadesham oru varshathinusesham, jarmman kamaandinte keezhil randaamathe akramanam aarambhichu, ekadesham oru varshathinusesham, 1915 october 6 nuu, feeld marshell august voonn mckensente neethrthwathilulla bulgarian, austro-hungarian, jarmman sainyam serbia moonnu vashathuninnum vijayakaramaayi akramikkukayum serbia sahayikkaan salonicayil ninnulla sakhyakakshikalude munnettam munkootty nirthukayum cheythu. ithu montenegroyiloodeyum albeniyayiloodeyum valia pinvangalinum greasilekkulla ozhippikkalinum macedonian frond sthaapikkunnathinum kaaranamaayi. serbiayude parajayam kendra shakthikalkk baalkkanukalil thaalkkaalika aadhipathyam nalki, berlinil ninnu konstantinopalilekkal oru karamargam thurakkukayum jarmmankaarkk yudhathinte backie samayangalil automan saamraajyathin veendum vitharanam cheyyaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu. 1915 november 24nuu mckenson eee pracharanam avasaanippichathaayi prakhyaapichu. serbia pinneedu adhinivesham cheyyappedukayum austro-hungarian saamrajyathinum bulgariaykkum idayil vibhajikkappedukayum cheythu.
1918 septambaril sakhyakakshikal vardar akramanam aarambhichathinusesham, athu macedonian munnaniye thakarkkukayum bulgariakkaareyum avarude jarmman sakhyakakshikaleyum paraajayappedutthukayum cheythappol, oru franco-serbian sainyam adhinivesha pradeshangalilekku munnerukayum serbia, albania, montenegro ennivaye mochippikkukayum cheythu. 1918 november 1nuu serbian sainyam belgradil praveshichu.
serbian sainyam athinte ettavum uyarnna samayat ekadesham 420,000 ll ninnu vimochana samayat ekadesham 100,000 aayi ganyamaayi kuranju. maranasamkhyayude kanakkukal vyathyasthamaan serb srothassukal avakaashappedunnathu serbia raajyathin yudhasamayathu (sainika, sivilian nashtangal ulppede) athinte motham janasamkhyayude 29 sathamaanathiladhikam prathinidheekarikkunna athil kooduthal nivaasikal nashtappettu (sainika, sivilian nashtangal ulppede), athesamayam paashchaathya charitrakaaranmaar eee samkhya 45,000 sainika maranangalum 650,000 sivilian maranangalum allengil 127,355 sainika, 82,000 sivilian maranangalumaan. 1924ll yugoslav sarkkar thayyarakkiya kanakkukal prakaram serbiac 265,164 sainikar allengil aniniranna sainikarude 25 sathamaanam nashtappettu. thaarathamyappeduthumbol fraansinu 16.8%, germmanic 15.4%, russiayk 11.5%, italikku 10.3% enniva nashtamaayi.
pashchaathalam.
1878 muthal kaivashappeduthiyirunna muun ottomaan pradeshamaaya bosnia hersegovina kootticherthukondu austriya-hunkery bosnian prathisandhiye thwarithappeduthi. ithu serbia raajyatheyum athinte rakshaadhikaariyaaya paan-slavik, oorthadoox russian saamrajyatheyum prakopippichu. eee mekhalayile russian rashtreeya thanthrangal europile podi kegg ennariyappettirunna samadhana karaarukale asthirappeduthi."
1912lum 1913lum grease, bulgaria, serbia, montenegro ennividangalile balcan leagum takarnna automan saamrajyavum thammilaan aadyathe balcan yuddham nadannathu. thathfalamaayundaaya lunden udambadi albaniayude oru swatantra principality srishtikkukayum bulgaria, serbia, montenegro, grease ennivayude praadeshika kaivashangal vipuleekarikkukayum cheythukondu automan saamraajyathe kooduthal churukki. 1913 juun 16nuu bulgaria serbia greasineyum aakramichappol, athinte macedonian mekhalayude bhooribhaagavum aaa raajyangalkk nashtamaayi, koodaathe, thekkan dobruja mekhala romaniaykkum adrianople (innathe edirne nagaram) tarkkiykkum nashtamaayi, ithu 33 divasathe randaam balcan yudhathil eee pradeshathe kooduthal asthirappeduthi.
1914 juun 28 nuu bosnian serb vidyaarthiyum yang bosnia ennu vilikkappedunna deseeya viplavakaarikalude oru samghadanayile amgavumaaya gavrillo principal, bosniyayile sarjevoyil austro-hangarian simhaasanathinte anantharaavakaashiyaaya austriyayile aarch duke france ferdinandine vadhichu.
pradhaanamaayum austro-hungarian saamraajyathil ninnulla adimakalaal adhivasikkunna thekkan austro-hungarian pravishyakalude swaathanthryamaayirunnu kolapaathakatthinte rashtreeya lakshyam, ennaal ithu russia pradhana europian shakthikaleyum kedutthiya sambhavangalude oru shringalaykku ashradhamaayi kaaranamaayi. ithu austriya-hunkery, jarmmani, russia, france, brittan ennivaykkidayil juulai prathisandhi ennu vilikkappedunna nayatantra thanthrangalude oru kaalaghattatthinu thudakkamittu. serbiayumaayi yuddham prakopippikkaan manahpoorvvam asweekaaryamaakkiya patthu aavashyangalude oru parambarayaaya juulai avasana munnariyipp austriya-hunkery serbiac nalki. patthu aavasyangalil ettu ennam maathram serbia amgeekarichappol 1914 juulai 28 nuu austriya-hungery yuddham prakhyaapichu.
austriya-hungery serbia thammilulla tharkkam ippol onnaam lokamahaayudham ennariyappedunna rajyamaayi uyarnnu, russia, jarmmani, france, britiish saamrajyam ennivayil ithu vyaapichu. oraazhchaykkullil, akkaalat lokathile ettavum valia sainyamundaayirunna serbiayude rakshaadhikaariyaayirunna russiayumaayi austriya-hungerick yuddham neridendivannu. russiayumaayulla austriya-hangariyude athirthiyil pottippurapetta vann pooraattatthil serbia oru anubandha munnaniyaayi maariyathaan phalam. serbiac parichayasambannaraaya oru sainyam undaayirunnengilum, balcan yudhangalude samgharshangalil ninnu athu thalarnnupoyi, mosham upakaranangal ullathinaal oru maasathinullil athu veezhumennu austro-hangeriyakkaar vishwasichu. mattu sakhyakakshikalude sahaayathodeyo sahaayathodeyo russiacarkku pradhana austro-hangarian sainyathe paraajayappeduthaan kazhiyumennu pratheekshikkukayum kazhiyunnathra kaalam nilanirthukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu serbiayude thanthram. serbiac niravadhi yudhangal nadatthiya kizhakkan shathruvaaya ayalrajyamaaya bulgariayekkurichu nirantharam vishamikkendivannu, ettavum aduthide 1913 leeii randaam balkan yudhathil.
sainika sakthikal.
austro-hangarian.
samaadhaanakaalathe austro-hangarian sainyathil 36,000 udyogastharundaayirunnu, avaril noonn-kammeeshand offeesarmaarum 414,000 listt cheytha udyogastharum ulppedunnu. samaaharana samayat, eee ennam ellah raankukalileyum <aii. dii. 1> purushanmaraayi vardhippichu. ooppareshan aarmiyil <aii. dii. 1>-ladhikam purushanmaar undaayirunnu, athesamayam 600,000 pere support, logistic unitukal (train, aayudangal, supply kolangal muthalaayava)kkayi anuvadichu.). bakkiyullavar (ekadesham 1,350,000) nashtam maattisthaapikkunnathinum puthiya unitukal roopeekarikkunnathinum labhyamaya reserve sainikaraayirunnu. eee vishalamaaya sainikashakti austro-hangarian sainyathe avarude nashtam pathivayi maattisthaapikkaanum unitukale avarude roopeekarana shakthiyil nilanirthaanum anuvadichu. chila srothassukal anusarichu, 1914-ll feeld aarmiyile nashtam maattisthaapikkaan prathimasam sharashari 150,000 pere ayachirunnu. 1915ll eee ennam prathimasam 200,000 aayi uyarnnu. audyogika austriyan rekhakal prakaram 1914 septambar muthal desember avasaanam vareyulla kaalayalavil, ekadesham 160,000 pakarakkaare balcan yudhavediyilekku ayachu, athupole puthuthayi roopeekaricha yoonittukalude bhaagamaayi 82,000 sainikare vinyasichu.
serbia akramikkunnathinulla yudhaananthara austro-hungarian padhathi serbiayude padinjaaran, vadakkan athirthikalil moonnu sainyangalude (2,3,5,6) kendreekaranam vibhavanam cheythu, serbian sainyathinte bhooribhaagavum ulkkollukayum nasippikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, russian general mobilisation aarambhichathode, "armeobercomando" (ooku, austro-hungarian supreme command) russian senaye prathirodhikkunnathinaayi randaamathe sainyathe galeeshyayilekk maattaan theerumaanichu. galeeshyayilekkulla railway lainukalude tirakk kaaranam, randaam sainyathin august 18 nuu maathrame purappedaan kazhinjulloo, ithu aaa theeyathikku munbu serbiayile pravarthanangalil pankedukkaan randaam sainyathinte chila unitukale niyogikkaan ayokkine anuvadichu. oduvil, serbiyaykkethiraaya pooraattatthil randaam sainyathinte oru pradhana vibhaagathe (ekadesham naalu divisionukal) vinyasikkaan general ooskaar pottiyorekkine ayok anuvadichu, ithu eee sainikare russian munnaniyilekku kondupokunnathil orazhchayilereyaayi kaalathamasam varuthi. koodaathe, serbiayude aadya adhiniveshathil undaaya austro-hangarian parajayangal randaam sainyathil ninnu pottiyorekkinte senayilekku rund divisionukal sthiramaayi kaimaran ayokkine nirbandhitharaakki. august 12 aayappozhekkum austriya-hankari serbian athirthikalil ekadesham 3,80,000 ooppareshan sainikar ulppede 500,000 sainikare shekharichu. randaam sainyathinte oru pradhana bhagam russian munnaniyilekku purappettathode, eee ennam gaarisanukal ulppede ekadesham 285,000 sajeeva sainikaraayi kuranju. karasenaykku purame, aarr monittarukalum aarr patrolling bottukalum ulkkollunna danube rivar floatila austriya-hankari vinyasichu.
niravadhi austro-hungarian sainikar nalla nilavaaramullavaraayirunnil. avaril naalilonn perum nirakshararaayirunnu, saamraajyathinte vishaya desheeyathakalil ninnulla nirbandhitha sainikaril bhooribhaagavum jarmman allengil hangarian samsaarikkukayo manassilaakkukayo cheythirunnilla. koodaathe, bhooribhaagam sainikarkkum-vamseeya chekkukal, slovaakkukal, dhruvangal, romakkar, thekkan slaavukal-saamraajyathinte vividha shathrukkalumaayi bhashaaparavum saamskaarikavumaaya bandhamundaayirunnu.
serbian.
serbian milittari command juulai 25 nuu sayudha senaye aninirathaan utharavukal purappeduvikkukayum pittennu samgharsham aarambikkukayum cheythu. juulai 30 aayappozhekkum samgharsham poorttheekarikkukayum yudhapadhathi anusarichu sainyathe vinyasikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. august 9-oode sainikar avarude niyukta thanthraparamaaya sthaanangalil athiyappol vinyaasam poortthiyaayi. samaaharana samayat, serbia 21 num 45 num idayil praayamulla kazhivulla ellah purushanmaarum ulppedunna "possive" ennu vilikkunna moonnu praaya nirvachikkapetta vibhagangalil (allengil nirodhanam) ekadesham 450,000 purushanmaare valarthi.
ooppareshan aarmiyil kaalalppadayum (onnaam nirayil aarum randaam nirayil anchum) oru kuthirapadayum ulppettirunnu. moonnaam nirodhanatthile prayamaaya purushanmaare 15 kaalaalppada rejimentukalaayi samghadippichu, ekadesham aii. dii. 1 purushanmaare pinbhaagatthum ashayavinimaya chumathalakalilum upayogikkunnathinaayi niyogichu. ennirunnaalum, avayil chilath ooppareshan aarmiyude bhaagamaayi upayogikkukayum athinte shakti ekadesham 250,000 purushanmaraayi uyarthukayum cheythu. manushya shekharavum pakara sainikarum sambandhicha austriya-hangariyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol serbia valare prathikoolamaaya avasthayilaayirunnu, kaaranam sainika niyamanatthinte praayathilethunna recruitmentukalaanu pakaram vaykkunnathinulla eaka uravidam. avarude paramavadhi vaarshika ennam saidhaanthikamaayi ekadesham 60,000 aayirunnu, 1914 august muthal desember vareyulla pravarthanangalil undaaya 132,000-thiladhikam nashtangalkku pakaramaayi mathiyaayirunnilla. sainika shakthiyude eee kuravu yudhathinte aadyaghattathile nashtam nikathaan praayapoorthiyaakaathavarem praayapoorthiyaakaathavarem niyamikkaan serbian sainyathe nirbandhitharaakki.
serbian sambadvyavasthayude mosham saambathika sthithiyum sameepakaala balcan yudhangalile nashtavum kaaranam, serbian sainyathin avarude valuthum sambannavumaaya athiraalikalumaayi poraadaan aavashyamaaya aadhunika aayudangalum upakaranangalum kuravaayirunnu. 180, 000 aadhunika raifilukal maathrame ooppareshan armic labhyamaayirunnulloo, athaayath serbian sainyathin avarude munnira unitukale polum poornnamaayum sajjamakkaan aavashyamaaya raifilukalude naalilonn muthal moonnilonnu vare illaayirunnu, reserve fozhsu maathram. 1914ll russiayil ninnu 120,000 raifilukal oordar cheythukondu eee kuravu pariharikkan serbia shramichenkilum august randaam pakuthi vare aayudangal varaan thudangiyilla. onnaam nirodhana sainikarkk maathrame poornnamaaya chaaraniratthilulla-pacha niratthilulla emm1908 unifomukal undaayirunnulloo, randaam nirodhana sainikar palappozhum kaalaharanapetta kadum neela niratthilulla emm1896 issue dharichirunnu, moonnaamathe nirodhanathinu sariyaaya unifomukal illaayirunnu, koodaathe sainika grettu kottukalum thoppikalum dharicha avarude sivilian vasthrangal dharikkan churukki. serbian sainikarkk sarvees issue cheytha boottukal undaayirunnilla, avaril bhooribhaagavum "opaanak" ennu vilikkunna panniyude tholi kondu nirmmicha dainamdina paadarakshakal dharichirunnu.
balcan yudhangalil upayogichirunnathinaal sthiramaaya feeld ooppareshanukalkku vedikkoppukalude shekharavum aparyapthamaayirunnu. peeranki vedikkoppukal viralamaayirunnu, oru yoonittin noorukanakkinu shellukal mathramaayirunnu. serbiac kaaryamaaya aabhyanthara sainika-vyaavasaayika samuchayamillathathinaal, athinte sainyam poornnamaayum fraansil ninnum russiayil ninnum vedikkoppukalum aayudangalum irakkumathi cheiyunnathine aashrayichirunnu, avaykku deerghakaalamaayi vitharanakkuravundaayirunnu. pinneedu anivaryamaaya vedikkoppukalude kshaamathil peeranki vedikkoppukalude poornnamaaya abhavam ulppedum, ithu austro-hangarian adhiniveshathinte nirnnayaka nimishangalil ettavum uyarnnu.
thaarathamyena shakti.
1914 august thudakkathil thekkan (serbian) yudhakkalathil shradha kendreekarichirunna ellah austro-hungarian sainikarudeyum ennavum muzhuvan serbian sainyathinteyum vibhavangalum (ennirunnaalum, iruvashathumulla pravarthanangalkku labhyamaya sainikarude ennam kuravaayirunnu) eee kanakkukal vishadeekarikkunnu
serbiayude sakhyakakshiyaya montenegro 14 aadhunika pettennulla vedivayppu feeld thokkukal, 62 mesheen gannukal, 51 pazhaya kashanagal (avayil chilath 1870 kalile purathana modalukal) ennivayumaayi ekadesham aii. dii. 1 purushanmaarude oru sainyathe samaaharichu. austro-hungarian, serbian sainyangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, montenegrin sainyam sariyaaya sainika pariseelanamo currier offeesarude corpo illaatha oru milishya tharamaayirunnu.
eiii prakaram.echu. sainika roopeekaranam, thaazhepparayunna yoonittukalude sharashari yudhashakthi ithaayirunnu
anubandha serbian yoonittukalude shakti samanamaayirunnu 
kanatha peerankikal
yudhathinte kramam.
austro-hungarian sainyam.
1914 augusta
anantharafalangal.
1916-1918.
serbian sainyathe greasylake ozhippikkukayum kizhakkan mekhalayile sakhyasenayumayi koodikkaazhcha nadathukayum cheythu. thudarnnu avar pradhaanamaayum sthirathayulla macedonia frondil balgeriyakkaarkkethire oru kuzhalyuddham nadatthi. franch serbian sena 1916 november 19 nuu bittola thirichupidichu macedoniayude parimithamaaya pradeshangal veendum pidichedutthu, ithu munvashathe sthiratha konduvanna chelaveria monastir aakramanathinte falamaayi.
mikka jarmman, austro-hungarian sainikarum pinmaariyathin sesham 1918-ll franch, serbian sainikar oduvil vardar aakramanathil oru vazhithirivu srishtichu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte anthimavijayathilekku nayicha bulgaria austriya-hungery paraajayappedutthunnathil eee munnettam nirnaayakamaayirunnu. sakhyakakshikalude munnettatthinu sesham 1918 septambar 29nuu bulgaria keezhadangi. thanthraparavum pravarthanaparavumaaya santhulithaavastha ippol kendrashakthikalkkethire nischayamaayum maariyenn hindenberg ludendorf nigamanam cheyyukayum bulgarian thakarchaykku oru divasam kazhinju sarkkar udyogastharumaayulla koodikkazhchayil udan samadhana othutheerppinu nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. 1918 septambar 29nuu jarmmani neridunna sainika sahacharyam niraashaajanakamaanennu jarmman supreme armi command kaisar wilhem randaamaneyum imperial chansalar kaundu jorg voonn hertlingin ariyichu.
jarmman chakravarthiyaaya wilhem randaaman bulgarian saar ferdinand onnaaman ayacha thante telegramil ingane paranju "apamaanakaramaan! 62, 000 serbukal yuddham theerumaanichu!".
macedonian frontinte thakarcha ardhamaakkunnathu budapestilekkum viyannayilekkum ulla paatha ippol general fraanchatt dii esperiyude 670,000-sakthamaaya sainyathinaayi thurannu, kaaranam bulgarian keezhadangal munbu line kaivashappeduthiyirunna 278 kaalaalppada battaliyanukaludeyum 1,500 thokkukaludeyum (ekadesham 25 muthal 30 vare jarmman divisionukalkku thulyamaaya) kendra sakthikal illaathaakki. jarmman hikemand ezhu kaalalppadayeyum oru kuthirapadayeyum maathram ayachukondu prathikarichuvenkilum eee senakal oru frond veendum sthaapikkaan paryapthamaayirunnilla. septambaril, serbian, franch sainikarude neethrthwathilulla enttent sainyam, bakkiyulla jarmman, bulgarian prathirodham thakarkkukayum yudhathil ninnu purathukadakkaan bulgaria nirbandhikkukayum vedinirthalinu randaazhcha munbu serbia mochippikkukayum cheythu.
yudhathinte avasaanam.
yudhathinte prathyaaghaathangal palatharatthilaayirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichappol, neuli udambadi greasinu padinjaaran thress nalki, athesamayam serbiac bulgariayil ninnu chila cheria praadeshika elavukal labhichu. austriya-hungery thakarkkappedukayum trianon udambadiyil hungerick yougoslaviaykkum romaniaykkum dhaaraalam bhoomi nashtappedukayum cheythu. puthiya yugoslavia raajyathil serbia athinte pazhaya sakhyakakshiyaya montenegroicoppam munnira sthaanam etteduthu. athesamayam, itali albaniayil oru ardha-samrakshitha pradesham sthaapikkukayum yudhasamayathu albaniayude nishpakshatha undaayirunnittum praadeshika greak thaalkkaalika sarkkaarin keezhil svayambharanaadhikaaramulla (svayambharanaadhikaara republic oof northen epirus kaanuka) grease albaniayude thekkan bhagam veendum kaivashappeduthukayum cheythu.
naashanashtangal.
yudhathinu munbu serbia raajyathin 4,500,000 nivaasikalundaayirunnu. newyork times" prakaram, loka charithratthile ettavum mosham typhus pakarchavyaadhiyil 1915ll maathram 150,000 perr marichathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. american redu krosinteyum 44 videsha sarkkaarukaludeyum sahaayathode varshaavasaanathode pottippurappedunnathu niyanthranavidheyamaakki. chila srothassukal prakaram, pradhaanamaayum typhus pottippurappettathum shaamavum moolavum, adhiniveshakkaarumaayulla nerittulla ettumuttalukalum moolam 650,000 pouranmaarude maranangal kanakkaakkappedunnu. sakhyakakshikalude motham sainika maranangalil 8 sathamaanavum serbiayude maranangalaan. saadhaarana serbian sainyathinte 58 sathamaanavum (420,000 perr) samgharshathil kollappettu. serb srothassukal parayunnathanusarichu, motham maranasamkhya <aii. dii. 1> aannu serbiayude yudhaananthara valippathinte 25 sathamaanavum motham purusha janasamkhyayude kevala bhooripakshavum (57 sathamaanam). "ell.eiii. times "," enn.vaii. athath lekhanangalil 1,000,000 erakalekkurichu avakashappetta aadyakaala serbian srothassukale times udharichu. aadhunika paashchaathya, serb ithara charitrakaaranmaar maranasamkhya 45,000 sainika maranangalum 650,000 sivilian maranangalum 127,355 sainika maranangalum 82,000 sivilian maranangalumaan kanakkaakkunnath.
serbian janasamkhyaa duranthatthinte vyaapthi bulgarian pradhaanamantri vaasil radoslaavovinte prasthaavanayiloode chithreekarikkaam "serbia illaathaayi" ("newyork times", venalkkaalam 1917). 1918 joolaiyil yuu.ezz. ellah mathathilumulla amerikkakkaarodum athath pallikalil serbiaykkaayi praarthikkaan stettu sekrattari roobert lansing abhyarthichu.
serbian sainyathin njettikkunna ennam naashanashtangal sambhavichu. yudhathinte avasaanathoduthu ithu ganyamaayi nasippikkappedukayum, athinte ettavum uyarnna samayat ekadesham 420,000 ayirunna athu vimochanasamayathu ekadesham 100,000 aayi kurayukayum cheythu.
yudhasamayathu serbia raajyathin 1,100,000 nivaasikale nashtappettathayi serb srothassukal avakaashappedunnu. janangalil 275,000 perr sainika maranangalum 450,000 perr saadhaarana pouranmaarumaayirunnu. bhakshyakshaamavum spanish influvensa polulla pakarchavyaadhikalude prathyaaghaathangalumaanu pradhaanamaayum sivilian maranangalkk kaaranamaayath. sainika maranangalkk purame 133,148 perkku parikkettu. yugoslav sarkkar parayunnathanusarichu, 1924-ll serbiac 365,164 sainikare nashtappettu, athaayath motham aniniranna udyogastharil 26 sathamaanam, fraansinu 16.8%, jarmmani 15.4%, russia 11.5%, itali 10.3% ennivaykku nashtam sambhavichu.
yudhathinte avasaanathil 114,000 bhinnasheshikkaraaya sainikarum 500,000 anaatharaaya kuttikalum undaayirunnu.
vamseeya serb siviliyanmarkkethiraaya akramanangal.
austriyayile aarch duke france ferdinandinteyum hohenbergile dutches aaya addehathinte bhaarya sofiyudeyum kolapaathakatthe thudarnnu 1914 juun 28nuu vaikunneravum pittennu divasathinte bhooribhaagavum nagaratthil krudharaaya krottukaarudeyum musleengaludeyum akramasakthamaaya serb virudha prakadanangal nadannu. mikka krottukalum niravadhi musleengalum habsburg saamrajyathinullil oru thekkan adima rashtreeya asthithvam sthaapikkunnathinulla ettavum mikacha prateeksha aarchdyookkaanenn karuthiyathaanu ithu sambhavichathu. janakkoottam pradhaanamaayum vamseeya serbukalude udamasthathayilulla kadakalilum pramukha serbukalude vasathikalilumaanu thangalude rosham prakadippichathu. juun 28nuu janakkoottathinte akramatthil rund vamseeya serbukal kollappettu. aaa ratri austro-hungarian saamraajyathinte mattu bhaagangalil serb virudha prakadanangal nadannu.
serbian virudha prachaaranavum austro-hangarian sainyathinte kamandumaayulla koottukettum moolam sainikar serbiayileyum austriya-hangariyileyum serbukalkkethire niravadhi athikramangal nadatthi. jarmman-swis criminal vidagthanum nireekshakanumaaya aarr.eiii. punarnirmmikkuka, athu oru "unmoolanam cheiyunna samvidaanamaayirunnu."yudhathadavukaarkku vadhasiksha nalkunnathinu purame, saadhaaranakkaar koottakkolaykkum balaalsangathinum vidheyamaayi. graamangalum pattanangalum kathikkukayum kollayadikkukayum cheythu. serb nivaasikale orikkalum madangivarunnathil ninnu niruthsaahappeduthaanulla shramathil phalavrikshangal vettikkalayukayum austro-hangarian bhaagath kinarukalil visham kalarthukayum cheythu.

