
delphim santos

porchugees academic, thathwachinthakan, vidyaabhyaasa vidagthan, upanyaasakan, pusthaka, chalachithra niroopakan ennee nilakalil prashasthanaayirunnu delphim pintoo doses santos (1907-1966).
jeevitam.
1907ll porchugalile oporttoyil arnaldo pintoyudeyum amelia doses santos olivirayudeyum makalaayi delphim santos janichu. addehathinte pithaav oru svarnnappanikkaaranaayirunu, makanu 15 vayassullappol arnaldo akalamaranam vare aprenteesaayi vijayakaramaayi parisheelippicha addehathinte karakaushalathinaayi addehathe parisheelippichu. sameepakaala anaadhaavasthayude swaadheenathil, yuva delphim kudumba bisinesses kurachukaalam thudarnnu, thante thozhilum prachodanavum mattevideyengilum undennu manassilakkaan maathrame angane padanatthilum boudhika anweshanathilum aajeevanantha edapazhakal thudaraan theerumaanichulloo. appozhekkum addeham mathaparamallaatha valarchayil ninnu protestantisathilkil parivartthanam cheyyukayum porchugees yamkayude saamskaarikavum kaayikavumaya pravarthanangalil sajeeva amgamaavukayum cheythu.
1927 aayappozhekkum, 20-aamm vayassil (aii. dii. 1-nte sharashari maanadandangal anusarichu vaikiyaan) addeham haiskool vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakki 1931-ll charithratthilum thathwachinthayilum birudam nediya porto faakkaltti oof arts sarvakalashaalayil chernnu, taamasiyaathe adhikrithar adachupoottiya eee prashasthamaaya skoolile avasana vidyaarthikalil oraalaayirunnu addeham. vidyaarthikalaayirikke addehathinu texeira rego addehathinte maarganirddeshakaraayirunnu, addehathinte sahapravarthakaril augostinjo daa silva undaayirunnu.
birudam nediya udan thanne addeham haiskool adthyaapakanaayi oru currier aarambhichu, aadyam opportoyilum pinneedu lisbanilum, avide sarkkar nadathunna porchugees haiskoolukalil adthyaapakanaakaan aavashyamaaya "aggregation pareeksha" nadatthi. freebergill martin hydegarinte maarganirdeshaprakaaram padikkunnathinaayi oru pheloshippinu apekshicha addehathinu, 1935 oktobarode porchugees hier kalchar instittyoottile fellow aayi sthirathaamasamaakkiya australiyayile viyannayil samanamaaya oru sthaanam labhichu, moorits shlikkinte keezhil padikkaan, othmaar spaanil, prashasthamaaya vienna sarkkil seminaarukalil chilathil pankedukkukayum, logical posittivisathekkurichu vimarsanaathmaka patanam ezhuthukayum cheythu. 1936leeii shaityakaala semastaril addeham berlin sandarshichu nikkolaay hartman edward sprenchereyum kandu. oduvil, addeham yukeyilekk maarukayum landanile yooniversitti collegil joonn mcmurreyumoth padikkukayum cheythukondu neoposittivisathekkuthi thante vimarsanaathmaka sarway poortthiyaakki, koodaathe neoposittivistukal mattoru shakthikendramundaayirunna kembridjile trinity collegil charley dunber broad, jorjju edward muur ennivarumaayi chernnu (1939-ll pinneedullathinu pakaram vienna sarkilile muun ayanja associate ludwig vitjanstain).
1937 madhyathode addeham oru cheria avadhikkaayi porchugalilekk madangukayum berlin sarvakalaashaalayile luzo-brazilian instittyoottil porchugees bhasha prabhashaka sthaanam ettedukkaan vilikkukayum cheythu, eee sthaanam addeham prathibhaasashaasthravumaayi parichayappedunnathinaayi sajeevamaayi thedukayaayirunnu. jarmman thalasthaanathu nikkolaay hartmante daarshanika seminaaril addeham pathivayi pankedukkukayum martin hydegarinte chila pramukha shishyanmaare parichayappedukayum cheythu. martin hydegarine porchugees prekshakarkku aadyamaayi parichayappedutthiya 1938 leeii "hydegger aandu holderlyn oor dhaa essense oof poyatti" ("hydegger eiii holderlyn ooo eiii essencia daa posia") enna lekhanathil delphim santos ulppedunnu. athesamayam, 1940-ll coyambra sarvakalashaalayil ninnu "arivum yaadhaarthyavum" ("konhesimento iii realidade") enna vishayathil oru prabandham avatharippichu delphim phd nedi, 1942 vare addeham avide thudarenda berlinilekk madangi, aaa varsham addeham portugalil sthirathaamasamaakki.
1947ll lisbon sarvakalashaalayil pedagogi asisttant professor sthaanam nediya addeham, porchugees, brazilian adhyapakarkkum adhyapakarkkum idayil ettavum swaadheenamulla kruthiyaayi kanakkaakkappedunna "pedagogiude asthithvaparamaaya aditharakal" ("fundamentaso eksisttanshyal daa pedagogia") enna lekhanam samarppichu, 1946ll porchugalilum 1952ll brazililum prasidheekarichu. 1950ll addeham porchugalile pedagogiude aadya cheyar professoraayi. mattu vishayangalkoppam, purathana thathwachinthayude charithram, vidyaabhyaasathinte charithram, dhaarmikatha, school bharanam ennivayekkurichum addeham padippichu. porchugees milittari academyil niravadhi varshangalil addeham manashaasthravum padippichu.
delphim niravadhi anthaaraashtra philosophy kongrasukalilum symposiakalilum pankedutthu, athaayath onpathaamath internaashanal kongras oof philosophy-descart kongras, paarees, france 1937, pathaamathu internaashanal kongras oof philosophy-aamstardaam. holland 1948, arjanteenayile mendosayil 1949 'aadyathe deseeya thathwachintha kongras', cuo sarvakalashaala samghadippichu, braseelinte aadya anthaaraashtra thathwachintha kongras, saavo poulo, brazeel, 1954, mygual riyal samghadippichu. swittsarlandile chila prashasthamaaya iranos seminaarukalilum addeham pankedutthu. addehathinte maarganirdeshaprakaaram 1962ll kaloste gulbenkian foundeshan oru "pedagogic patana kendram" srishtichu, athinte director addeham aadyakaala maranam vare 1966ll 58-aamm vayassil sambhavichu.
lisbon akkadami oof sciencesil amgamaayirunna addeham mirsia eliod, konstaantin noyka, herman hess, thudangiya anthaaraashtra pandithanmarumaayum ezhuthukaarumaayum vyakthiparamaaya kathidapaadukal kaimari. porchugees jillakalaaya lisbone, ivora, matosinhos (oporto) ennividangalil oru haiskoolinum niravadhi theruvukalkkum addehathinte peru nalki. 1965ll brazeelile saavo poulo nagaratthile vidyaabhyaasa sekrattari addehathinu oru bahumati nalki aadarichu.
jolie cheiyunnu.
addehathinte rachanakalil bhooribhaagavum kalaashte gulbenkian foundeshan prasidheekaricha naalu vaalyangalayi samaharikkappettu, daarshanikavum vidyaabhyaasaparavumaaya vishayangal muthal addehathinte kaalathe saamskaarikavum prashnangalum vare. addehathinte pradhana pusthakangal ivayaanu
sinimayude vidyaabhyaasaparavum roopeekaranaparavumaaya saadhyathakalekkurich bodhavaanmaraaya addeham "dhii prodigal sann" (luis trenker, jarmmani 1934), "dhii therd maan" (karol reed, usa 1949), "umberto dii" ennivayekkurichu niravadhi chalachithra avalokanangal ezhuthi."(italiyile vittoriyo dii sika, 1952).
addehathinte chila grandhangal oonlainil labhyamaanu
pradhana vishayangal.
delphimte daarshanika rachanakal aadunikavum samakalikavumaaya europian chinthakare, prathyekichu samakaalika jarmman prathibhaasaasthranjarekkurale padanatthe ulkkollunnu, avar ghadanaashaasthranjanaaya nikkolaay hartman samanamaaya daarshanika anweshanathodulla "aporetic", vyavasthaapitha virudha sameepanam sweekarikkunnu. hartmante 'yaadhaarthyathinte thalangalil' ninnu addeham 'yaadhaarthya' thekkurichulla swantham 'pluriversal' allengil 'pluregiational' kaazhchappaadukal sweekarikkukayum kooduthal vikasippikkukayum cheythu, shaasthreeya patana reethiye bhauthika lokathinu maathramaayi visheshippikkukayum, neopositivistukal munnottuvachathupole daarshanika kaaryangalalla. porchugalileyum brazilileyum daarshanikachinthayude charithrathekkurichu addeham samagramaayi ezhuthi, prathyekichu braseelinte aadya thathwachinthakanekkurichum 1597 num 1616 num idayil coyambra sarvakalashaalayil sajeevamaayirunna spanish pandithanaaya francisco surasinekkurichum (1769-1846).
thathwashaasthravum adhyaapanashaasthravum thammilulla asthithvaparamaaya samanvayathe lakshyamit porchugees adhyapana aashayangalude naveekaranatthil vidyaabhyaasathil addehathinte pravartthanangal valareyadhikam swaadheenam chelutthi. professional prabodhanatthinum apranteeshippinumulla sakthamaaya aashanka kaanichu porchugees vidyaabhyaasa sanbradaayathinte samboornna parishkaranatthinaayi delphim vipulamaaya pothu nirddeshangal nadatthi; thozhiladhishtitha maargganirddeshathinu sahayiyaayi addeham swabhaavashaasthrathe shupaarsha cheyyukayum videsha adthyaapakarekkurichu niravadhi lekhanangal prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu, athaayath johann heinrich pestalosi, maria montessori ennivarekkurichu, chila pramukha porchugees vidyaabhyaasa vidagtharekkurichu, prathyekichu (1799-1854), (1847-1919).
saahitya, soundarya mekhalakalil addeham saahitya prasthaanatthinte (porchugees second modenism ennu vilikkappedunna) directormaaril oralum prathyayashaasthranjaril oralumaayirunnu, athu pradhana kathaapaathrangalude aantharika chinthakalkkum manassaakshiyude samgharshangalkkum prathyeka shradha nalkikkond 'psychologisathe' anukoolikkukayum 1946 leeii saahitya nobel jethaavaaya jarmman ezhuthukaaran herman heseyude porchugees pathippukal aavishkarikkukayum cheythu.