
jayil vidyaabhyaasam

jayilinullil nadakkunna eathoru vidyaabhyaasa pravarthanavumaanu jayil vidyaabhyaasam. adisthaana saaksharata paripaadikal, secondary school thulyatha paripaadikal, thozhiladhishtitha vidyaabhyaasam, thritheeya vidyaabhyaasam enniva kozhsukalil ulppedaam. punaradhivasa paripaadikal, shaareerika vidyaabhyaasam, kalayum karakaushala paripaadikalum polulla mattu pravartthanangalum jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte oru roopamaayi kanakkakkaam. vidoora vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalkk thadavukaar panam nalkendivannekkaamenkilum, paripaadikal saadhaaranayaayi jayil samvidaanamaanu nalkunnathu, kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu, dhanasahayam nalkunnathu. jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte charithravum nilavilulla sanbradaayangalum raajyangalkkidayil valareyadhikam vyathyaasappettirikkunnu.
lokamembaadumulla jayil samvidaanangalil praveshikkunnavarkku sharashari pothuvarggakkaare apekshichu kuranja vidyaabhyaasa nilavaaramaan ullathu. jayil vidyaabhyaasam palappozhum thadavukaarane mochithanaaya sesham kooduthal thozhilyogyarakkukayaanu lakshyamidunnathu. jayilukalile vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal niyanthrikkunnathum athil pankedukkunnathum budhimuttaayirikkum. jeevanakkaarudeyum bajatt shaamangaludeyum abhavam, vidyaabhyaasa vibhavangaludeyum computerukaludeyum abhavam, soukaryangalkkidayil thadavukaare maattunnath enniva saadhaarana thadassangalaanu. munkaala vidyaabhyaasa paraajayangalo prachodanatthinte abhaavamo kaaranam thadavukaar pankedukkaan vimukhatha kaanichekkaam.
bhaaviyile jayil shikshayude chelavu laabhikkunna punarnirmmaanatthinte nirakk kuraykkunnathinulla phalapradamaaya maargamaan jaile vidyaabhyaasam ennu padanangal sthiramaayi kaanikkunnu. yunaittad kingdatthil, jayil vidyaabhyaasathinaayi chelavazhikkunna oro poundum nikuthidaayakarkku rund poundil kooduthal laabhikkumenn kanakkaakkappedunnu, yunaittad stetsil, chelavazhikkunna oro dollarinum naalu muthal anchu dollar vare laabhikkunnu. jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalude nettangal undaayirunnittum, pala raajyangalilum jayilukalile vidyaabhyaasa nirakk kuravaanu, koodaathe jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla dhanasahayam vardhippikkaanulla shramangale ethirkkukayum cheythu. jayil vidyaabhyaasam panam paazhaakkunnathaanennum thadavukaar aanukoolyathinu arharallennum athiraalikal vaadikkunnu.
charithram.
europe.
europile jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte charithravum labhyathayum raajyangalkkidayil valareyadhikam vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. thadavukaare vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnathil nordic raajyangalkk neenda charithramund, prathyekichu sweeden eee mekhalayile oru thudakkakkaaranaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1842ll 35 vayassil thaazheyulla thadavukaarkku jayil vidyaabhyaasam nirbandhamaayi, 1874ll upsala kaundi jayil thadavukaare marappani padippikkaan oru marappanikkaarane niyamichappol muthal thozhiladhishtitha vidyaabhyaasam kandethanakum. 1850 muthal denmarkil praayapoorthiyaakaatha kuttavaalikalkk vidyaabhyaasam labhyamaan, 1930-ll avarkk vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal nirbandhamaayi. 1866 muthal muthirnna jayilukalil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal undu, 30 vayassinu thaazheyulla ellah thadavukaarum vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukalil pankedukkanamennu aavashyappedunna niyamanirmmanam 1952-ll nadappaakki. 1851-ll punaradhivasa roopamaayi vidyaabhyaasathil shradha kendreekarikkunnathinaayi norway athinte aadya jayil thurannu. 1875 aayappozhekkum raajyathe ettu jayilukalum thadavukaarkku vidyaabhyaasam nalkukayaayirunnu, noottaandinte avasaanathode, praadhamika, lover secondary school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkaatha eathoru thadavukaaranum jayilil aayirikkumbol angane cheyyanamennu urappaakkunna niyamanirmmanam praabalyatthil vannu. 2007 leeii kanakkanusarichu norwayile oro jayililum thadavukaarkkaayi oru schoolund. 1866ll finlandil ellah thadavukaarkkum praadhamika vidyaabhyaasam labhikkumenn urappaakkunna niyamanirmmanam amgeekarikkappettu, ennirunnaalum utharavu nadappaakkunnathil praayogika budhimuttukal neridendivannu. kooduthal vijayakaramaya oru vidyaabhyaasa parishkkaranam 1899-ll nadappaakki, athu 1975 vare maattamillathe thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum 2011-leeii kanakkanusarichu rajyath sharashari 137 thadavukaar mathramulla island 1971-ll maathramaan vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal nadappakkaan thudangiyathu. 
1939num 1975num idayil francisco francoyude bharanathin keezhil speyinile jayilukal avarude kadinamaaya saahacharyangalkkum adichamarthalinte nilavaarathinum kuprasidhamaayirunnu. 1978leeii bharanaghadana jayilukal nirbandhitha thozhilinekkaal punarvidyaabhyaasathil adhishtithamaayirikkanamenna prakhyaapichathode manobhaavam pinneedu mriduvaangi. sarvakalashaala praveshanam nilaninnirunnappol, 1992 leeii oru manushyavakaasha nireekshana reportil mikka jayilukalum adisthaana vidyaabhyaasavum chila thozhil pariseelanavum maathrame nalkunnulloovennum vanita thadavukaarkku purushanmaarekkaal vidyaabhyaasam kuravaanennum kandethi. 2018 leeii kanakkanusarichu, thadavukaarkku sarvakalashaala vidyaabhyaasam nalkaan anuvadicha eaka sthaapanam deseeya vidoora vidyaabhyaasa sarvakalaashaalayaan. thadavukaare sarvakalashala vidyaabhyaasathinu arhathayullavaraakkunnuve 1976ll italiyile niyamangal vyakthamaakkiyirunnu. ennirunnaalum, shikshakarkk praveshanam nalkaathatho vidyaarthikalkku pareeksha poortthiyaakkaan pookaathathoo aaya thiruthal soukaryangal kaaranam thadavukaarkku kozhsukal poortthiyaakkaan kazhinjilla. 1986 muthal niyamangal laghookarikkukayum 2000 ll kooduthal avakashangal praapthamaakkukayum cheythappol maathramaan thadavukaare sarvakalashaalayil padikkaan phalapradamaayi anuvadichathu, ithu vidyaabhyaasa praveshanam valareyadhikam mechappeduthi. 2000kalude thudakkathinum 2010kalude madhyathinum idayil jayilukalum sarvakalaashaalakalum thammilulla niravadhi pankaalitthangal sthaapikkappettu.
ellah jayilukalilum vaayikkanum ezhuthaanum klaasukal aavashyappedunna 1823 leeii roobert peelinte paarlamentari gavol niyamamaan englandile jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte aadyathe supradhana vikasanam. 1850kalil jayil jeevanakkar adisthaana saaksharathayude praadhaanyam thiricharinjappol, vidyaabhyaasam thanne "dhaarmika unnamanam" nalkilla ennathinte adisthaanathil thadavukaarkku eathenkilum tharatthilulla unnatha vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnathine avar ethirthu. 1877leeii jayil niyamam 1990 vare praabalyatthil undaayirunna jayil samvidaanam sthaapichathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, athu "idungiyathum thiranjedutthathumaaya tharatthilulla" vidyaabhyaasam maathrame nalkiyirunnulloo. 1928ll yukeyile bhooribhaagam jayilukalum ettavum adisthaana vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukal maathramaan vaagdaanam cheythirunnathu. 1958 aayappozhekkum jayilukalile vidyaabhyaasa jeevanakkaarude ennam vardhichappol jayil vidyaabhyaasathil mattu kaaryamaaya purogathikal undayittilla. 1992ll malsaraparamaaya adisthaanathil vidyaabhyaasa nirddeshangal outsozhs cheyyaan theerumaanikkunnathuvare vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal mechappettilla. 150-ladhikam samghadanakal apekshikkukayum 1994 aayappozhekkum secondary, thritheeya vidyaabhyaasangal ulppede vividha tharatthilulla vidyaabhyaasangal nalkunna 125 jayilukalilayi 45 vidyaabhyaasa daathaakkal undaakukayum cheythu.
1819ll russiayile thadavukaare punaradhivasippikkanulla sramangal nadannirunnu, orupakshe raajyathinte charithratthil ithaadyamaayirikkaam. sankeernamaaya saahacharyangal, kadutha daaridryam, mattu sevanangalude abhavam enniva kaaranam ithu asaadhyamaanennu thelinjuvenkilum "bhakthiyilum nalla dhaarmmikathayilum" avare padippikkunnathu parishkaarangalil ulppedunnu. pakaram, saahacharyangalil pothuvaaya mechappeduthalukal aadyam nadathukayum athinusesham kramena "mathaparavum daarmmikavumaaya vidyaabhyaasam" avatharippikkukayum cheythu. 1918ll russian jayilukalile kuttikalkk shikshaykoppam vidyaabhyaasam labhikkanamenn shupaarsha cheyyappettu. ennirunnaalum, vividha adhikaaraparidhiyudeyum ejansikaludeyum malsaraadhishtitha ajandakal kaaranam kurachu vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal nadappaakki. 1920kalil gulag jayil kyaambukalil niraksharatha illaathaakkaanulla sramangal nadannu. mikkavarum ellah kyaambukalilum "rashtreeya vidyaabhyaasam" enna vishayathilulla klaasukalum chilathil prakrithishaasthram, samskaarathinte charithram, videsha bhashakal thudangiya klaasukalum undaayirunnu.
vadakke america.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil amerikkayil thadavukaarkku mathaparamaya prabodhanam nalkukayum thadavukaarkku baibilukalum mattu mathagrandhangalum vaayikkaan sahayikkunnathinaayi mathethara jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal aadyamaayi vikasippikkukayum cheythu. thadavukaare punaradhivasippikkukayenna lakshyathode 1876ll aadyathe pradhana vidyaabhyaasa paripadi aarambhichu. newyorkkile elmira reformatory sooprandaaya sebulan brokewayaanu atharamoru paripadi nadappaakkiya aadya vyakthi. jayil vidyaabhyaasam "manassine achadakkam cheyyukayum athu sweekarikkaan anuyojyamaakkukayum cheiyumennu addeham vishwasichu... avarude udamastharaaya nalla pouranmaare roopappeduthunna chinthakalum thathwangalum. 1900 aayappozhekkum masaachyusets, ohiyo, pensylvania, indiana, illinois, minnesota ennee samsthaanangal "elmira sambradaaya" thiloode vidyaabhyaasa sambradaayam sweekarikkukayum 1930 aayappozhekkum mikka jayilukalilum vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal kandethukayum cheythu. moonnaamghatta vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal adhikam vaikiyum prathyakshappettilla. 1960ll onpathu samsthaanangal maathramaan thadavukaarkku koleju thalatthilulla vidyaabhyaasam nalkiyirunnathu; 1983 aayappozhekkum mikka samsthaanangalilum atharam paripaadikal labhyamaayirunnu.
punaradhivaasatthilum kuttakrithya niyanthranatthilum shradha kendreekarikkunna nayathil maattam vannathinaal amerikkayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalude pinthunayum labhyathayum ettakkurachilukalilaayi. 1972num 1995num idayil, yuu. esile thadavukaarkku vidyaarthikalkku dhanasahayam nalkunna yuu. ezz. federal gavanment nadathunna subsidy programaaya pell graantukalkk apekshikkaan kazhinju. ennirunnaalum, 1994-ll kongras akramasakthamaaya kuttakrithya niyanthranavum niyama nirvvahana niyamavum pasaki, athu thadavilakkappetta arcum pell graantukal nishedhichu. thalphalamaayi, 1990 kalude thudakkathil 350 aayirunnappol 2005 aayappozhekkum oru dussen jayilukal maathramaan secondary vidyaabhyaasathinu sheshamulla vidyaabhyaasam vaagdaanam cheythirunnathu; newyorkkile ennam 70 ll ninnu 4 aayi kuranju. 2015 ll president barak obaama oru pailat prograam srishtichu, athu parimithamaaya ennam thadavukaare pell graantukal sweekarikkaan anuvadichu. 47 samsthaanangalile 200ladhikam collegeukal thadavukaarude vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal nadatthaan thaalparyam prakadippichu. 2020 desemberil pell nirodhanam raddaakkukayum usile aayirakkanakkin thadavukaarkku federal saambathika sahayathinulla yogyatha punasthaapikkukayum cheythu.
kaanadaykkullil jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte vikasanam amerikkayude vikasanathinu samaanamaan. 1914lum 1936lum royal commissionukal thozhil padhathikalkku pakaram vidyaabhyaasam ulppedeyulla punaradhivasa paripaadikal oru paridhivare venamennu shupaarsha cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1940kalude pakuthi vare vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal saadhaaranamaayirunnilla.
caribean.
1945ll barbadosil oru jayil samvidaanam sthaapikkappettu. 1956ll vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal audyogikamaayi athil avatharippikkukayum adisthaana saaksharathayilum samkhyaashaasthrathilum shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum jayil parishkarana niyamam passakkunnathuvare vanita thadavukaare pankedukkaan anuvadichilla. allaavarkkumulla vidyaabhyaasathekkurichu lokasammelanathinte utharavu barbados sweekarikkunnathuvare 1990 vare 25 vayassinu mukalilulla thadavukaare paripaadikalil pankedukkaan anuvadichilla. jayil samvidaanathil thozhil, secondary vidyaabhyaasam vaagdaanam cheiyunnathinum eee utharavu saakshyam vahichu. dominican republic 2003 ll aarambhicha oru jayil parishkaranatthinu vidheyamaayi, raajyathe 35 jayilukalil pakuthiyolam adisthaana saksharatha nirbandhamaakki; thadavukaar pankedukkaan visammathikkukayaanenkil avarkk sandarshanam polulla aanukoolyangal nishedikkappettu. 2012 leeii kanakkanusarichu, najaayo vanita jaile 268 thadavukaaril 36 perum niyamathilo manashaasthratthilo sarvakalashaala birudangal poortthiyaakkukayaayirunnu.
1950-kalile rashtreeya viplavathethudarnnu cubayile jayilukalude avasthayekkurichulla vivarangalum avaykkulla baahya praveshanavum parimithamaanu. 2013ll chila pathrapravarthakarkku parimithamaaya praveshanam sarkkar anuvadichirunnuvenkilum aaa soukaryangal raajyathe jayilukale mothatthil prathinidheekarichirikkaannam vyakthamalla. swakaarya abhimukhangal anuvadichillenkilum marappani polulla vidagdha vyaapaarangalude adhyaapanamulppede samvidaanathinte pravartthanavum patana paripaadikalum udyogasthar eduthukaanichu. instittyoott phoor poolisi stadeesinte 1988leeii oru report anusarichu, thadavukaarkku onpathaam klaas vare vidyaabhyaasam nalkukayum thadavukaarkku saankethika vaidagdhyathil pariseelanam nalkukayum janasamkhyayude 85 sathamaanam perr jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. cuban penologyil rashtreeya punarvidyaabhyaasavum oru pradhana punk vahichu.
thekke america.
europumaayum vadakke amerikkayumaayum thaarathamyappeduthumbol thekke amerikkayil jaile vidyaabhyaasa avasarangal pothuve daridramaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. vardhichuvarunna thadavukaarude nirakkum jayilukalile tirakkum kaaranam vidyaabhyaasathinulla vibhavangal thaarathamyena kuravaanu, ithu mayakkumarunninethiraya yudhathinte oru upolppannamaan. 1950kalil arjanteenayil jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal aarambhichu. paripaadikaleyum avayude falaprapthy kurichulla vishadaamshangal parimithamaanengilum, labhyamaya vivarangalude abhaavathinu kaaranam jayil samvidaanathinullile azhimathi, mosham jeevita saahacharyangal, uyarnna thothilulla akramam ennivayaanu. nirbandhitha onpathu varshathil thaazhe adisthaana school vidyaabhyaasamulla ellah thadavukaarkkum vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankedukkaan kazhiyumennu urappaakkunna oru niyamam 1996 ll pasaki. bharanaparamaya parimithikal kaaranam, 2010 leeii kanakkanusarichu sharashari 25 sathamaanam arharaaya thadavukaar maathramaan eee paripaadikalil pankedutthathu.
2009 leeii kanakkanusarichu, thekke amerikkayile jayil vidyaabhyaasathil ettavum purogamanaparamaaya nayangalilonnayi brazeel kanakkaakkappettirunnu. 1984ll brazeel deseeya kongras thadavukaarude vidyaabhyaasathinum mattu sevanangalkkumulla avakaashathe amgeekarikkunna oru jayil parishkarana niyamam pasaki, ennirunnaalum niyamam phalapradamaayi nadappakkiyittilla. 1998 leeii kanakkanusarichu, chila jayilukal vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnilla, mattullavayil padikkunna thadavukaarude oru bhagam maathrame undaayirunnulloo; saavo poulo samsthaana jaile thadavukaaril ekadesham 23 sathamaanam perr eathenkilum tharatthilulla vidyaabhyaasathil chernnirunnu; vanita jayilukalil vidyaabhyaasathilekkalu praveshanam "kooduthal eluppathil labhyamaayirunnu". federal court oof akkoundas 2002-leeii oru reportil jayilukalkkayulla federal bajattinte 90 sathamaanathiladhikam puthiya jayilukalude nirmmaanathinaayi chelavazhichathaayum vidyaabhyaasam ulppedeyulla paripaadikalkkulla fund "sthiramaaya nayangalkk [allah] upayogichathennum marichu samsthaanangal nirddeshicha samayanishtayum chitharikkidakkunnathumaya samrambhangalaanennum kanakkakki. 2004leeii kanakkanusarichu brazeelile 400,000 thadavukaarkku 20 sathamaanathil thaazhe maathrame vidyaabhyaasam labhyamaayittulloo.
ooshyaaniya.
australian samsthaanamaaya nyoo southu veyilsil nadappaakkiya aadyathe aupachaarika vidyaabhyaasa paripadi 1862-ll darlinghurst gaavalil aayirunnu, avide pankedukkaan aagrahikkunna eathoru thadavukaaranum praadhamikavum daarmmikavumaaya vidyaabhyaasam nalkaan oru schoolmaaste niyamichu. ithinu munbu thadavukaaril oraal mattu thadavukaarkku vidyaabhyaasa paadangal nalkiyirunnu. 1900 kalude thudakkathil, australian jayilukaliludaneelam adisthaana saaksharata paripaadikal saadhaaranamaayirunnu, 1950 kalode raajyathe ellah pradhana jayilukalum eathenkilum tharatthilulla vidyaabhyaasavum pariseelana paripaadikalum vaagdaanam cheiyukayaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum eathenkilum jaile thadavukaaril 15 muthal 20 sathamaanathil kooduthal perkku ore samayam vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankedukkaan kazhiyilla.
senatt thozhil, vidyaabhyaasam, pariseelana reference kammitti 1996-ll "thiruthal soukaryangalile vidyaabhyaasatheyum parisheelanatheyum kurichulla anweshanathinte senatt report" thayyarakki. australiyayile jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte charithrathe "naanakkedaayi visheshippikkaamennu" report prasthaavichu, nilavillillaathatho moshamaayatho aaya soukaryangalil aparyapthavum kaalaharanappettathumaya paatyapadhathiyum vibhavangalum adangiyirikkunnu. oru deseeya thanthram vikasippikkunnath ulppede jayil vidyaabhyaasam engane mechappeduthaam ennathinekkurichu niravadhi shupaarshakal nalki. 2001ll oru deseeya thanthram aarambikkukayum 2006 aayappozhekkum ellah samsthaanangalum pradeshangalum thadavukaarkku eathenkilum tharatthilulla thritheeya vidyaabhyaasam nalkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, oro samsthaanavum pradeshavum athintethaaya jayil vidyaabhyaasa samvidaanangalude niyanthranam nilanirthunnu; vidyaabhyaasam nalkunna reethiyil vyathyaasangal undaakkunna oru deseeya samvidaanavumilla. udaaharanathinu, australian thalasthaana pradeshathe thadavukaarkku 2006 muthal vidyaabhyaasa aavasyangalkkaayi avarude cellukalil laptop computerukal sthaapikkaan anuvaadamundu, ennirunnaalum 2020 leeii kanakkanusarichu ithu nyoo southu veyilsile thadavukaarkku labhyamalla. athanusarichu, oru computer aavasyamulla chila vidyaabhyaasa, punaradhivasa paripaadikal avide vaagdaanam cheyyaan kazhiyilla.
nyoosiland vaarshika vidyaabhyaasa avalokanam" anusarichu, 1959 num 2005 num idayil raajyathe jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte labhyathayum gunanilavaaravum ganyamaayi kuranju, kaaranam sarkkar nayam punaradhivaasatthil shradha kendreekarikkunna jayilukalil ninnu shikshayil shradha kendreekarikkunna jayilukalilekku maari. nyoosilandile thadavukaarkku "punaradhivasavum uthppaadanaparavumaaya pravartthanangal kuranja nilavaaratthilaanennu" 2005 leeii oombudsmaante report prasthaavichu.
eshya.
jappaanile jayil vidyaabhyaasam 1871 ll tokkiyoyile oru jayilil praayogika dhaarmika prabhashanangal avatharippichappol muthal kandethanakum. 1881 aayappozhekkum jayil samvidaanathil vayana ezhuthum klaasukal valia thothil nadappakkaan thudangi. 1880 kalude avasaanathode, thadavukaarude ettavum pradhanappetta vidyaabhyaasa roopamaanu dhaarmika klaasukal ennu vishwasikkappettu, 1890 aayappozhekkum vidyaabhyaasam jayil samvidaanathile ettavum pradhanappetta prashnangalilonnayi kanakkakkappettu. 1910-ll jappaanile jayil niyamam ellah praayapoorthiyaakaatha thadavukaarkkum aavasyamaanennu karuthunna eathoru muthirnna thadavukaaranum vidyaabhyaasam nalkaan utharavittu. prathidinam rund muthal naalu manikkoor vare vidyaabhyaasathinaayi neekkivaykkanamennu vyavastha cheythirikkunna chattangal. 1952ll ellah jayilukalilum kathidapadukalkkulla kozhsukal avatharippikkukayum 1955ll nirbandhitha vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkaatha praayapoorthiyaakaatha thadavukaarkkaayi matsumoto juvenile jayilil oru haiskool sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 2018 leeii kanakkanusarichu, ippozhum raajyathe eaka haiskool jayililaan, raajyavyaapakamaayi purusha thadavukaare abhyarthana prakaram avide mattaam.
republic oof chaina sthaapithamaayathinethudarnna 1920kalil chainayile jayil samvidaanathil mattangal varuthi. akkaalathe thadavukaarkku vidyaabhyaasathinte abhaavathekkurichulla vimarshanathinte falamaayi, jayil samvidaanathil mathaparavum daarmmikavumaaya adhyaapanathil ninnu boudhika vidyaabhyaasathilekkum punaradhivaasatthinte praadhamika maargamaayi kadinaadhvaanathilekkum maattam vannu. phalapradavum vaividhyapoornavumaaya oru vidyaabhyaasa paatyapadhathi vikasippikkaan adhikaarikal ganyamaaya sramam nadatthi. saaksharathayum ganithavum padippikkunnathinoppam, samgeethavum rachana, janakeeya dhaarmikatha, confucianism, desasnehavum raashtreeyavumaaya sidhaantham ennivayum klaasukalil ulppedunnu; 1930-kalil party sidhaanthathinte padippikkal ganyamaayi vardhichu. 1981ll peeples republic oof chaina jayil vidyaabhyaasam athinte deseeya vidyaabhyaasa padhathiyil ulppeduthi, thadavukaarude praveshanam ganyamaayi vardhippichu.
indiayil, jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte aavasyakatha kaanikkunna reportukal pathonpathaam noottaandil thanne thayyarakkappettirunnu, ennirunnaalum, raajyathe jayilukal kooduthalum shiksha nadapadikalilaanu shradha kendreekarichirunnathu. 1983ll pothuvaaya, thozhil paripaadikal nilavilundaayirunnappol, avaa jeevanakkaarude kuravum kuranja dhanasahayavum ullavayayi kanakkakkappettu, koodaathe vaagdaanam cheiyunna thozhil parisheelanatthinte tharangal kaalaharanappettavayaayirunnu. 1994ll tihar jayilil oru patana kendram pravarthippikkunna raajyathe aadyathe sarvakalaashaalayaayi marria indiraagaandhi naashanal ooppan yooniversitti (ignoo) indiayile jayil vidyaabhyaasathil oru pradhana punk vahikkunnathayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 2010 aayappozhekkum ignoovinu ekadesham 1,500 vidyaarthikalulla 52 jayil patana kendrangal undaayirunnu; mattu niravadhi sarvakalaashaalakalum indiayile jayilukalil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal nadathunnundaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, phees adaykkunna vidyaarthikalkku maathrame kozhsukal ettedukkaan anuvaadamundaayirunnulla ennathinaal entolmentukal thaarathamyena kuravaayirunnu. 2010ll ignoo aabhyanthara manthraalayavumaayi sahakarichu thadavukaarkku soujanya vidyaabhyaasam nalkaan thudangi.
aphrica.
paashchaathyalokavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol aafrikkayiludaneelam jayil vidyaabhyaasam pothuve kuravaanu. nigeriayile aadyathe jayil 1872-ll sthaapithamaayi, ennirunnaalum, 2010-leeii kanakkanusarichu, aupachaarika vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalonnum nigerian sarkkar nadappakkiyittilla; 1986-ll, oru jayil thadavukaar nadathukayum dhanasahayam nalkukayum cheythenkilum samghaditha vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal aarambhichu. 1998-ll nigerian president saani abaachayude maranathethudarnnu, niravadhi rashtreeya thadavukaar mochitharaayi, avar abhimukheekaricha "gurutharamaaya saahacharyangalilekku" ganyamaaya maadhyamashradha aakarshichu; nigeriayile jayil poornnamaayum shikshaanadapadiyaayi kaanapettu, vidyaabhyaasam polulla adisthaanasoukaryangalkkum punaradhivasa paripaadikalkkum vibhavangal nalkiyirunnilla. jayilukal pravarthanakshamamaakkaan aavashyamaaya vyapaarangalil anoupachaarika apranteeshippukalekkaal mikachathaayi mattonnum vaagdaanam cheiyunnillenkilum, jayil muthal jayil vare vidyaabhyaasathinulla vyavastha vyathyasthamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, 2016 aayappozhekkum nigeriayile deseeya ooppan yooniversitti aarr nigerian jayilukalil pariseelana kendrangal sthaapikkukayum ellah tution pheesilum thadavukaarkku 50 sathamaanam kizhivu nalkukayum cheythu.
1961ll dakshinaafrikka roban dveepile oru jayilil criminal, rashtreeya thadavukaare paarppikkan thudangi. jayil thurakkumbol padikkaan thadavukaare prolsaahippikkukayum ellah thadavukaarum saakshararaanennu urappakkunnathinulla vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal aarambikkukayum cheythu. tution phees adaykkaan kazhiyunna kudumbangalulla thadavukaarkku maathrame pankedukkaan anuvaadamundaayirunnulla, vidyaabhyaasathilekkalu praveshanam mechappedukayum pinneedu jayilinte nirantharam maarikkondirikkunna nayathode pinnott pookukayum cheythu; 1960 kalude avasaanathode, thadavukaarude manoveeryam valareyadhikam mechappeduthunnu enna aashankayil paripaadikal parimithappedutthi. thadavukaar kaavalkkarekkaal mikacha vidyaabhyaasam nedunnundennu jayil sambradaayam aashankaakulamaayirunnuvennum charitrakaaranmaar anumaanikkunnu. thadavukaarkku lunden sarvakalaashaalayile anthaaraashtra prograamukaliloode kathidapaadukal nadatthaan kazhinju; nelson mandela custadiyilirikke niyamathil birudam poortthiyaakki, ennirunnaalum addeham oru aathmakatha ezhuthukayaanennu jeevanakkar kandethiyathinethudarnn naalu varshathekku addehathinte vidyaabhyaasa aanukoolyangal raddaakkappettu, athu akkaalat nirodhichirunnu. rashtreeya vidyaabhyaasam nedaanulla thadavukaar nadathunna shramangalkk thadavukaare pathrangal, radiokal, television ennivayil praveshikkunnathu nirodhikkanulla jayil nayam ganyamaayi thadassappeduthi. 1970kalude avasaanathil eee niyanthranangal neekkukayum 1980kalil jayilil oru rashtreeya vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikku neethrthwam nalkukayum cheythu. 1993leeii kanakkanusarichu, vidyaabhyaasam thadavukaarude avakaashangalilonnaayirunna, marichu oru prathyekaavakaashamaayirunnu. adisthaana saaksharata kozhsukal nalkiyathu yogyathayulla adhyapakarekkaal shambalamulla thadavukaaraanu, uyarnna thalatthilulla vidyaabhyaasam kathidapaadukal nadatthaan kazhiyunna thadavukaarkku maathrame labhyamaakoo.
aikyaraashtrasabhayude vikasana paripaadiyil ninnulla dhanasahaayathode, thadavukaarkkaayi oru adisthaana saaksharata paripadi 2003 ll ghaanayil aarambhichu, 2008 aayappozhekkum ellah jayilukalum thadavukaarkku vidyaabhyaasam nalkukayaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum padhathiyude falaprapthy vibhavangalude abhavam saaramaayi badhikkunnu. vidyaabhyaasa avasarangal vardhichukondirikkunnum saksharatha, thozhil, mattu vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal enniva vaagdaanam cheiyukayaanennum 2014 leeii oru reportil kandethiyenkilum niravadhi varshangalayi morocoyil vaagdaanam cheythirunna eaka jayil vidyaabhyaasam raajyathe kaarshika jayilukalile kaarshika vaidagdhyamaayirunnu.
labhyamaya prograamukal.
jayil vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukal adisthaana saaksharata kozhsukalum secondary school thulyatha prograamukalum muthal thozhiladhishtitha vidyaabhyaasavum thritheeya vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalum vare aakam. thadavukaarkku kalayum karakaushalavum allengil amachwar naadaka nirmmanangal polulla puthiya kazhivukal padippikkunna anoupachaarika pravartthanangalum oru vidyaabhyaasa roopamaayi kanakkakkaam. athupole, chila rajyangal punaradhivasa paripaadikaleyo shaareerika vidyaabhyaasatheyo vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalaayi kanakkakkunnu, mattullavar anganeyalla. jayilukalkullile vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalkk saadhaaranayaayi jayilukal thanne dhanasahayam nalkunnu, avaa vyakthigatha jayilukal nadathukayo baahya daathaakkalumaayi karar undaakkukayo cheyyaam. chila rajyangalil thadavukaarum avarude kudumbangalum kathidapadukalkkulla kozhsukalkku panam nalkendathundengilum praadhamika, secondary, thozhil vidyaabhyaasam saadhaaranayaayi soujanyamaanu. 2012ll sarway nadatthiya 28 europian rajyangalil 15 ennavum thadavukaarkku soujanya vidoora vidyaabhyaasam vaagdaanam cheiyunnathaayi report cheythu, 13 ennavum thadavukaar bandhapetta ellah chelavukalum nalkendivarumennu report cheythu. chila sandarbhangalil, chila kozhsukal maathrame soujanyamaayirunnulloo; denmarkil, primery, lover secondary thalangalile kathidapaadukal soujanyamaanu, ennirunnaalum uyarnna thalatthil ettedukkunna kozhsukalude oru sathamaanam thadavukaaran nalkanam. pala jayilukalum vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal adisthaana saahitya vaidagdhyathil shradha kendreekarikkanamennu nirbandhikkukayum athinanusarichu chilath unnatha thalatthilulla vidyaabhyaasam nalkaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu. atharamoru sameepanam kooduthal kazhivukal vikasippikkunnathin oru shoonyatha srishtikkunnuvennum ettavum adisthaana kazhivukal mathramulla aalukal inii kuttakrithyangal cheyyillennu thettayi soochippikkunnuvennum vaadikkappettittundu.
australiyayile thadavukaarkku ullathupole pothujanagalkk labhyamaya sarvakalaashaalakalkaayulla sarkkar vidyaarthi vaaypakal axus cheyyaan yukeyile thadavukaarkku kazhiyum. yukeyile thadavukaarkkulla vidyaabhyaasa trastt polulla chaarity grouppukalkku avarude vidoora vidyaabhyaasathinu dhanasahayam nalkaan kazhiyaatha thadavukaaril ninnulla grantukalkkulla apekshakal sweekarikkaan kazhiyum. australiyayilum yukeyilum, kastadiyilulla thadavukaarkko aashupathriyilulla thadavukaarkko vidyaabhyaasa patanam nadatthaan arhathayilla, polandil kastadiyilulla thadavukaarkkum arhathayilla. ennirunnaalum, norway finland kastadiyilullavare vevvere parppikkunnilla, avarkk saadhaarana thadavukaareppole thanne vidyaabhyaasa avasarangal labhikkaan arhathayund. denmarkilum sweedanilumulla thadavukaare mattu thadavukaarkku labhyamaayathinekkaal kuravaanengilum chila vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalkk arhathayund.
velluvilikal.
pala mukhyadharaa adhyapana reethikalum jayil vidyaabhyaasathilekku nerittu kondupookunnu, pothubodhamulla adhyapana parigananakal palappozhum ettavum phalapradamaanennu kandethiyittundu, ennirunnaalum jayil niyanthranangal avaa nadappaakkunnathinu doshakaramaayi pravartthikkum. jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal criminal neethinyaaya samvidaanavumaayulla mathiyaya sahakaranavum ardhavathaaya padanaanubhavangal nalkaanulla yadhaartha sramangalum thammilulla "athilolamaaya santulita pravartthanamaayi" kanakkaakkappedunnu. udaaharanathinu, adhyapakar thudarchayaaya pinthuna nalkaan aagrahichekkaamenkilum, thudarchayaaya prathikaranatthinum patana sahayathinum vendi klaas samayathinu purathu thangale bandhappedunnathil ninnu jayilukal thadavukaare vilakkiyekkaam. chila jayilukalil, vijayakaramaya vidyaabhyaasathinu palappozhum oru pradhana gadakamaayi kanakkaakkappedunna adhyaapakarum vidyaarthikalum thammilulla vishwaasam valarthiyedukkunnathin thadassamaayi, thadavukaare avarude perukal kondu abhisambodhana cheyyaathe pakaram avare "kuttavaalikal" ennu vilikkendathundu.
jayilukalile vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankedukkunnathinum pravartthikkunnathinum mattu niravadhi thadassangalundu. praayam, vidyaabhyaasa nilavaaram, thozhil charithram ennivayil valia vyathyasamulla oru classine padippikkunnathinulla velluvili adhyapakar abhimukeekarikkendi vannekkaam. kuttikalude vyathyasthamaaya academic, vaikaarika aavasyangal kaaranam juvenile jayilukalilum samanamaaya velluvilikal nilanilkkunnu. jayilukal vidyaabhyaasa lakshyangalekkaal suraksha aashankakale pradhanamaayi kanakkakkunnu, ithu thadavukaar aayudangal nirmmikkunnathinekkur aashankakal kaaranam chila thozhiladhishtitha edapaadukal engane nadathunnu ennathine niyanthrikkunnu. jeevanakkaarude ennam, thirayalukal thudangiya saadhaarana suraksha nadapadikal idaykkide thadassangal srishtikkunnu. jayilukal adachidukayaanenkil, thadavukaarkku klaasukalil pankedukkaan kazhiyilla; adachidal aazhchakalolam neendunilkkum.
thadavukaarkku valia alavil ozhivusamayamundenna oru pothu daaranayundu; ennirunnaalum, vidyaabhyaasa vibhavangalilekkulla praveshanathinaayi avarkk valare parimithamaaya samayam maathrame anuvadikkoo. vidoora vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukal kooduthalaayi oonlainil maathrame vaagdaanam cheiyunnulloo, ithu mikka raajyangalum thadavukaare internettu upayogikkaan anuvadikkaathathinaal oru pradhana thadassam srishtikkunnu. ithu nikathunnathinaayi chila jayilukal offline vidyaabhyaasa ulladakkamulla taablett computerukal avatharippichittundu.
nilavilulla vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil labhyamaya sthalathinte kuravu entolmentinaayi ganyamaaya kaathiripp pattikakalilekku nayichekkaam. chila sandarbhangalil thadavukaarkku avarude shikshaavidhikalekkaal dairkhyameriyathinaal vidyaabhyaasam nedaan kazhinjekkilla. bhashaaparamaaya thadassangal kaaranam jayilukalile videsha thadavukaare padippikkunnathum velluviliyaakam; thadavukaare ithinakam thanne mathiyaya maathrubhaashaasaahithyam illengil kozhsukal pareekshikkaan arhathayillayirikkaam, koodaathe avare bhasha padippikkaan vivarthakar labhyamallathathum neridendivannekkaam.
jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla ettavum valia thadassangalilonnu thadavukaare thiruthal soukaryangalkkidayil idaykkide maattunnathaan. tirakk, suraksha vargeekaranathile kuravu, kodathiyil haajaraakal allengil medical appoyintmentukal thudangi vividha kaaranangalal thadavukaare eppol venamenkilum mattoru soukaryathilekku mattaam. vividha jayilukalkk vidyaabhyaasathodulla valare vyathyasthamaaya manobhaavamo labhyamaya praveshanamo undayirikkaam. oru vidyaabhyaasa kozhs jayilil thanne nadathukayaanenkil, oru entolly mattoru jaililekku maattunnath avare phalapradamaayi patanam upekshikkaan nirbandhitharaakkum. kathidapaadukal padikkunna thadavukaar avarude kozhs providere, saadhaaranayaayi meyil vazhi, avarude saahacharyathile maattathekkurichu ariyikkendathundu, koodaathe kozhs providerinteyum puthiya jayil staafukaludeyum nanmaye aasrayikkukayum eathenkilum jolie nashtamaayenkil athu kandethaan sahayikkukayum cheyyum. patana saamagrikal nashtappedukayo traansittil thettayi sthaapikkukayo cheythaal, thadavukaarkku pakaram vidyaabhyaasa daathaakkalkku veendum apekshikkendivarum. soukaryangalkkidayil maattunnath thadavukaar sarvakalashaala thalatthil patanam nirthalaakkaanulla oru pradhana kaaranamaan.
jeevanakkaarude kuravu, lakchararmaarumaayo mattu vidyaarthikalumaayo eluppathil bandhappedaan kazhiyaathath, jayil librarikalile vidyaabhyaasa vibhavangalude abhavam, klaasukal nadatthaan prathyeka murii illaathathu, audiyo-vishwal upakaranangaludeyum computerukaludeyum abhavam (allengil avarkk praveshanamillaayma), padikkaan anuyojyamaaya sthalamillaathathu (pankitta sellukalkk palappozhum descukal illa), klaas murikalkku sesham group varkk pravarthanangalkku anuyojyamaaya sthalamillaathathu ennivayaanu jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla mattu thadassangal. aabhyanthara adhyaapakarkk avarude rolinaayi jayilil ninnu mathiyaya pariseelanam illaayirikkaam, koodaathe jayilukalkk nalkaan kazhiyunna shambala nirakkukalil jolie cheyyaan thayyaarulla baahya adhyaapakare kandethaan oru jayilinu budhimuttundaakam. sarkkar vakuppukal sevanangalkkayi parasparam eedaakkunnathum oru thadassam srishtikkaam. udaaharanathinu, oru sarkkar udamasthathayilulla jayilinte bajatt oru sarkkar udamasthathayilulla vidyaabhyaasa daataav nischayichittulla phees thangaan anuvadichekkilla. jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalkk avar pravartthikkunna jayil udyogastharil ninnulla pinthunayude abhaavamo nerittulla ethirppo neridendivannekkaam. udaaharanathinu, chila jayil jeevanakkar thadavukaarude vidyaabhyaasa avasarangale apalapikkunnundaakam, kaaranam avar svayam mosham vidyaabhyaasam nediyavaraanu, allengil thadavukaarkku avarude vidyaabhyaasam soujanyamaayi labhikkumbol avarude vidyaabhyaasathinu panam nalkendivannu. ennirunnaalum, tution phees adaykkendivarunna thadavukaar, lockdown allengil avarude niyanthranathinu atheethamaaya mattu saahacharyangal kaaranam patanam poortthiyaakkaan kazhiyunnillengil refund labhikkathathinaal rajisttar cheyyaan vimukhatha kaanichekkaam. kadam thinnaan jayilil ninnu purathirangumenna bhayathaal vidyaarthi vaaypa edukkaan avar palappozhum vimukhatha kaanikkunnu. vidyaabhyaasam avare kooduthal shikshikkunnathino niyanthrikkunnathino ulla oru maargamaayi upayogikkamennathinaal thadavukaarkku madikkaam, kaaranam patanam oru prathyekaavakaashamaanu, udyogasthar nissara kaaranangalal athu kondupokaan bheeshanippeduthiyekkaam.
thadavukaarude paripaadikalil pankedukkaan vimukhatha kaanikkunnathinulla mattu kaaranagal vidyaabhyaasathile muun paraajayangalum prachodanatthinte abhaavavumaan. shikshayude avasaanathil naadukadatthappedunna videsha thadavukaarkku palappozhum avar thadavilakkappetta raajyathinte bhasha padikkaano avide yogyatha nedaano ulla prachodanam illa. paashchaathyalokatthe jayilukal vaagdaanam cheiyunna uthppaadanam polulla thozhil pariseelanangal ulppaadana vyavasaayam nannayi vikasikkaatha oru raajyathekku naadukadatthappedunna oraalkk palappozhum upayogapradamalla. chila tharatthilulla thadippani polulla mattu tharatthilulla thozhil pariseelanangal kaalaharanappettathum yaadhaarthyabodhathode thozhilavasarangalilekku nayikkilla. jayilil nadatthiya padanatthinulla kozhs credit thirichariyunnathil prasnangal kaaranam, praayapoorthiyaakaatha thadavukaarkku mochitharaaya sesham saadhaarana school vidyaabhyaasathilekku madangaan budhimuttukal neridendivannekkaam. vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankedukkaanulla oru thadavukaarante theerumaanatthil saambathika prolsaahanangalum oru gadakamaanu. yukeyilum beljiyathilum, patanam nadathunna thadavukaarkku nalkunna alavans shucheekaranam allengil bhakshanam thayyarakkal polulla gaarhika jolikal ettedukkunna thadavukaarkku nalkunnathinekkaal kuravaanu, ithu thadavukaarkku gaarhika jolikalkku munganana nalkunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu. kuttikalulla thadavukaarkku jaile vidyaabhyaasathekkaal jolikkaanu prathyeka munganana, kaaranam ithu avarude kudumbangalkk kooduthal panam ayaykkaan avare praptharaakkunnu.
velluvilikalkkidayilum, chila thadavukaar shradha vyathichalippikkal kuravaayathinaal jayilil padikkunnathu eluppamaanennu report cheiyunnu, koodaathe thadavukaar palappozhum saadhaaranakkaare apekshichu padikkaan kooduthal prachodippikkappedunnu, ithu uyarnna nilanirtthal nirakkin kaaranamaakunnu. jayil reportil jolie cheiyunna adthyaapakar, saadhaarana janasamkhyayile vidyaarthikale apekshichu thadavukaar classukalkku thayyaaredukkukayum kozhs nottukal vaayikkukayum cheythirikkaanaanu kooduthal saadhyatha.
covid-19 mahamari jaile vidyaabhyaasathinu nilavilulla niravadhi velluvilikal vardhippichu, udaaharanathinu, vardhichuvarunna adachupoottal, thadavukaare soukaryangalkkidayil maattal enniva. niyanthranangal kaaranam adhyapakareyum jeevanakkareyum palappozhum jayilukalil praveshikkaan anuvadichilla, ithu vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivaykkaan kaaranamaayi. mattu sandarbhangalil, jayilukalkk vidyaabhyaasam nalkunna baahya sthaapanangal pakarchavyaadhi samayat adachupootti. poost cheytha metteeriyalukal kwaarantain cheiyunnathu thudarnnum nadakkunna paripaadikaleyum baadhichu, athinte falamaayi instructormark palappozhum thadavukaarkku avarkk nalkenda samayathinu sesham thanne kozhs varkk labhikkunnu. pakarchavyaadhi samayat pala vidyaabhyaasa daathaakkalkkum internettu vazhi vidoora padanatthilekku marran kazhinjappol, internettu axus anuvadikkaathathinaal eee thudarchayaaya vidyaabhyaasa reethi pala jayilukalilum nalkaan kazhinjilla.
punaraavishkaaratthil kuravundaakuka.
nirakkukal.
pala raajyangalilum aavarthanasheshi uyarnnathaan, 50 sathamaanathiladhikam nirakk asaadhaaranamalla. niyamangalile vyathyaasangalum aavarthanavum kaaranam raajyangalkkidayil aavarthana nirakkukal thaarathamyam cheyyaan prayaasamaan. chila rajyangal veendum arast cheyyappedunnathu punarkrameekaranamaayi kanakkakkunnu, mattullavar veendum shikshikkappedukayo veendum thadavilaakkappedukayo cheiyunnu. alakkunna samayaparidhiyil sthiratha kuravaanu, chila rajyangal kanakkukal purathirakkunnilla. 23 rajyangalil ninnum svayambharana pradeshangalil ninnum labhyamaya ettavum puthiya kanakkukal vishakalanam cheytha 2019 leeii oru padanatthil, mochitharaayi rund varshathinullil, veendum arast cheyyappedunnavarude nirakk 26 sathamaanam (singapur) muthal 60 sathamaanam (us) vareyum, veendum shikshikkappedunnavarude nirakk 20 sathamaanam (norway) muthal 63 sathamaanam (denmark) vareyum, veendum thadavu shiksha labhikkunnavarude nirakk 14 sathamaanam (origon, us) muthal 45 sathamaanam (austreliya) vareyum aanennu kandethi.
kaaranagal.
lokamembaadumulla jayil samvidaanangalile aalukal saadhaarana janathekkaal sthiramaayi vidyaabhyaasamillaathavarana, koodaathe criminal record illaatha athe praayathilullavare apekshichu muun thadavukaarkku mochitharaaya sesham jolie labhikkanulla saadhyatha kuravaanu. jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal oru thadavukaarante thozhil surakshithamakkaanulla kazhivu vardhippichu aavarthanathe kuraykkaan uddeshichullathaanu. 2002ll yukeyil nadatthiya oru padanatthil thozhil oru muun thadavukaarante veendum kuttappeduthaanulla saadhyatha moonnilonnu kurachathaayi kandethi, 1980num 2011num idayil amerikkayil puratthirakkiya padanangalude samagramaya saahitya thirayal poortthiyaakkiya rand korppareshan nadatthiya oru mettaa vishakalanathil vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukalil pankedukkunnathu oru thadavukaarante mochanathinu sesham jolie cheyyaanulla saadhyatha 13 sathamaanam vardhippichathaayi kandethi.
jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal sthiramaayi aavarthanathe kuraykkunnathil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam cheluthunnu, athesamayam vidyaabhyaasathekkaal jayilil saadhaaranayaayi prachaarathilulla jayil thozhil, kaaryamaaya falamundaakkunnillenna theliyikkappettittund. virasatha laghookarikkuka, aathmaabhimaanam mechappeduthuka, sargaathmakatha uthejippikkuka thudangiya chikitsa gunangalum jayil vidyaabhyaasathinundu, ivayellaam aavarthanathile kuravukalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu; jaile haiskool thulyatha paripaadikalil ninnulla bhooribhaagam nettangalum yogyatha nediyathinushesham undaakunna avasarangalil ninnu varunnathinekkaal padanaanubhavatthil ninnaan varunnathennu padanangal theliyichittundu. jayilukalkullile akramam kuraykkunnathinum vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal kaanichittundu; theevravaadathe cherukkunnathinulla oru maargamaayi thadavukaarkkaayulla pothuvidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal unesco nirddeshichittundu. jayil samoohathil mechappetta anthareeksham prolsaahippikkunnathil orikkalum mochippikkappedumennu pratheekshikkaattha thadavukaarkku vidyaabhyaasavum vaadikkappettittundu, jeevaparyantham thadavu anubavikkunna thadavukaar palappozhum mattullavarkk maathrkakalaayi pravartthikkunnu.
phalangal.
patana roopakalppanakal.
svayam thiranjedukkal pakshapaathatthinu vidyaabhyaasathinte prathyaaghaathangalekkurichallu nireekshana padanangal vimarshikkappettittundu punaravishkaaram vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukal moolamallennum marichu avaykkaayi sannadhapravarthikkunna aalukalude nalla manobhaavathe maathram prathifalippikkunnuvennum vaadikkappettittundu. "jodiyakkiya deference testtukal upayogichu atharam pakshapaathangale niyantrikkaanulla "ardha-pareekshanathmaka" sramangal aavarthanathil swaadheenam nilanilkkunnuvennu kandethi. thadavukaare kramarahithamayi oru chikitsa groupileko niyanthrana groupileko niyogichathum angane svayam thiranjedukkal asaadhyamaakkunnathumaaya vicharanayilum samanamaaya phalangal kandethi. criminal shaasthrathil atharam poornnamaaya pareekshanathmaka edapedalukal (kramarahithamaya niyantritha pareekshanangal) apoorvamaanu; praayogika budhimuttukal palappozhum eee abhaavathinu oru kaaranamaayi udharikkappedunnu, ennaal academic mekhalayude samskaaram kooduthal prasakthamaayirikkam. vadakkan carolinayil nadanna oru padanatthil, 1990-1991 ll ninnulla vivarangal upayogichu, audyogika utharavukal kaaranam vidyaabhyaasathil pankedukkendivannavare apekshichu, prograamukalkkaayi sannadharaayi pravarthicha thadavukaarude phalangalil kaaryamaaya vyathyaasamillenn kandethi, ithu jayilil nirbandhitha saaksharata paripaadikalkkulla aahvaanathe pinthunaykkunnu.
oru thadavukaaran vidyaabhyaasa kozhs poortthiyaakkiyillengil jaile vidyaabhyaasavum punaradhivasavum thammilulla bandhathekkurichulla chila padanangal avaganikkunnu; athinaal atharam padanangal orikkalum kozhsukalil pankedukkunnathinte saadhyathayulla nettangal alakkunnilla. vidyaarthikale vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal poortthiyaakkunnathil ninnu thadayunna apamanakaramaaya gadakangal kaaranam, birudadhaarikalkku maathram phalangal rekhappeduthunna padanangal thiranjedukkal pakshapaathatthinu prathyekichum irayaakunnu, kaaranam avar kazhivumaayum prachodanavumaayum shakthamayi bandhappettirikkunna oru swatantra variable upayogikkunnu, ennirunnaalum avarkk eee gadakangalumaayi poruthappedaan kazhiyilla. jayil vidyaabhyaasathekkurichu padanangalkku aavarthana nirakkukalkkethire maathram falaprapti alakkunnathil prashasthi undu, koodaathe vidyaarthikaludeyo adhyaapakarudeyo veekshanakonil ninnu anubhavam polulla mattethenkilum gadakangalum kanakkiledukkunnilla.
charithravum phalangalum.
1970kalkk munbu amerikkayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalum punaraavishkaaravum thammilulla bandhathekkurichu kurachu padanangal maathrame undaayirunnulloo. aadyathethu 1924ll ohiyo jayilil nadathukayum kathidapaadukal poortthiyaakkiya 200 thadavukaare parisodhikkukayum cheythu. mochitharaaya sesham prograamile thadavukaar kooduthal "vijayakaramaayirunnu" ennu kandethiya phalangal, jayil vidyaabhyaasavum kuranja aavarthanavum thammilulla aadya bandham amerikkayil sthaapichu. 1948ll visconsin samsthaana jayilil nadatthiya oru padanatthil mochitharaayi rund varshatholam muzhuvan samaya padanatthinu hajarakunna 680 thadavukaare parishodhichu. phalangal aavarthanathil "cheruthenkilum sthithivivarakkanakusaricha sradheyamaaya" kuravundaakkiyathaayi soochippikkunnu. eee bandham parisodhikkaan ettedutha aadyathe vipulamaaya padanatthe project newgate ennu vilichirunnu. 1969 muthal, anchu varshathinide minnesottayile 145 thadavukaare padicha phalangal soochippikkunnathu oru vidyaabhyaasa paripaadiyil pankeduttha thadavukaar jaililekku madangaan 33 sathamaanathiladhikam saadhyatha kuravaanennaanu. akkaalathe mattu phalangal ekakandamaayirunnilla. 1975-leeii oru mettaa-vishakalanavum 1983-leeii mattoru vishakalanavum jaile vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal thadavukaarkku prayojanakaramaanenkilum, avayude aavarthanathil avaa cheluthunna prathyaaghaathangal anishchithathvathilaanenna kandethi; eee mettaa-vishakalanagalil upayogikkunna reethikal aadhunika nilavaaratthil mosham nilavaaramullavayayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal veendum kuttakrithyam cheiyunnathinte nirakk kuraykkunnuvennu pilkkala padanangal sthiramaayi kaanikkunnu. 1987ll federal beuro oof jails thadavukaarekkurichulla oru padanatthil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankedutthavar jaililekku madangaan saadhyatha 8.6 sathamaanam kuravaanennum 1997ll maryland, minnesota, ohiyo ennividangalile 3,200 thadavukaaril nadatthiya padanatthil 29 sathamaanam kuravundaayittundennum kandethi. 1990kalil amerikkayil nadatthiya 15 padanangalude mettaa vishakalanathil, jayilil moonnaam thala vidyaabhyaasathil pankeduttha thadavukaarkku veendum kuttappeduthaanulla saadhyatha sharashari 31 sathamaanam kuravaanennu kandethi. rand korppareshan mettaa analysis, vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankeduttha thadavukaarude sharashari nirakk 13 shathamaanamaanennum 1980 num 2017 num idayil usile 57 padanangalude mettaa analysis sharashari residivism kuravu 32 shathamaanamaanennum kandethi. bard jayil samrambham srishticha oru vidyaabhyaasa paripaadiyil kozhsil maathram pankedutthavarkku 4 sathamaanavum poorthiyaakkiyavarkku 2.5 sathamaanavum aavarthana nirakkund.
2001 joolaiykkum 2002 novemberinum idayil mochitharaaya thadavukaarekkurichulla australian padanatthil, mochitharaayathin sheshamulla rund varshangalil, vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankeduttha thadavukaar jaililekku madangaan onpathu sathamaanam kuravaanennu kandethi. 2005leeii oru reportil australian samsthaanamaaya queenslandil vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukal poortthiyaakkiya thadavukaarkkidayil punaradhivasa nirakkil 24-28% kuravundennu kandethi. 2005num 2010num idayil padinjaaran australiyayile 14,643 thadavukaaril nadatthiya oru padanatthil jayil vidyaabhyaasam etteduthavar veendum jayililadaykkappedaanulla saadhyatha 1% kuravaanennu kandethi. englandilum veyilsilum 2014ll 6,000 thadavukaarkkidayil nadatthiya oru padanatthil vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukal etteduthavarkku jaililekku madangaan ezhu sathamaanam kuravaanennu kandethi. 2013ll ukrainile jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadiyil pankeduttha 168 peril moonnu perr (1.8 sathamaanam) maathramaan veendum kuttakrithyam cheythath; 1993ll ukrainile veendum kuttakrithyam cheiyunnavarude nirakk moonnu varshathinullil 30 sathamaanavum anchu varshathinullil 66 shathamaanavumaayirunnu. 2012 leeii kanakkanusarichu, nirbandhitha vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalulla jayilukalil thadavilaakkappedunnavarude dominican republicile veendum kuttakrithyam cheiyunna nirakk moonnu varshathinu sesham 3 sathamaanathil thaazheyaan, atharam paripaadikalillaattha jayilukalil kazhiyunnavarude nirakk 50 sathamaanamaanu.
jayil vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukalude phalangal mothatthil undennu kandethiyittundu; padanangal kaanikkunnath oru vyakthi jayilil aayirikkumbol ethratholam klaasukal edukkunnuvo athratholam avaa veendum kuttappeduthaanulla saadhyatha kuravaayirikkum. uyarnna thalatthilulla yogyathakal kuranja veendum kuttakrithya nirakkukalumayi bandhappettirikkunnavum padanangal kaanikkunnu. texes vidyaabhyaasa vakupp 2000ll nadatthiya oru padanatthil, associate birudamo baachilezhs birudamo poortthiyaakkiya thadavukaarude nirakk yathaakramam 27.2% umm 7.8% umm aanenkilum mothatthilulla veendum kuttakrithyam cheiyunnavarude nirakk 40-43% aanennu kandethi.
vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalum praayapoorthiyaakaatha thadankalil punaraavishkaaravum thammilulla bandhathekkurichu vivarangal kuravaanu. praayapoorthiyaakaatha thadavukaar school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkunnathinu munbu shiksha poortthiyaakkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaayathinaal phalangal alakkaan prayaasamaan. vidyaabhyaasamillaatha" niyanthrana grouppumaayi paripaadikalude phalangal thaarathamyam cheyyaan kazhiyaathathinal ellah praayapoorthiyaakaatha thadavukaarkkum saadhaaranayaayi vidyaabhyaasam labhikkuna rajyangalil kooduthal sankeernathakal undaakunnu, udaaharanathinu yuu. ezz. 2014ll amerikkayil nadatthiya oru mettaa vishakalanathil secondary school thulyatha paripaadikal poortthiyaakkiya praayapoorthiyaakaathavarkkavar kuttappeduthaanulla saadhyatha 47 sathamaanam kuravaanennu kandethi. ennirunnaalum, praayapoorthiyaakaatha kuttavaalikalil thozhiladhishtitha vidyaabhyaasathinte swaadheenathekkurichulla mettaa vishakalanam sthithivivarakkanakku praadhaanyatthinte thalathekkaal cheria purogathi maathrame kaanichittulloo.
chelavukalum saambathika aanukoolyangalum.
2013ll amerikkayil oru thadavukaaranu vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnathinulla chelavu prathivarsham 1,400 muthal 1,744 dolaraayirunnu, thadavukaarude chelavu 28,323 muthal 31,286 dolaraayirunnu, kaanadayil vidyaabhyaasathinu prathivarsham sharashari 2,950 dollar purusha thadavukaarkku thadavinu 111,202 dollarumaayirunnu; vanita thadavukaarkku thadavil vaykkunnathinulla chelavu ekadesham erattiyaayirunnu. englandilum veyilsilum, kuranja aavarthanavumaayi bandhapetta vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukalude vila 2014 leeii kanakkanusarichu ekadesham 250 poundu aanu, oro thadavukaaraneyum thadavilakkaanulla sharashari vaarshika chelavu 37,648 poundaanu. 1988ll austreliyayil oru thadavukaarane thadavilakkaanulla chelavu prathivarsham 40,000 dolaraayirunnu, athesamayam baatharst thiruthal samuchayathile jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla muzhuvan bajattum prathivarsham 120,000 dolaraayirunnu. aaa jayilinte paripadi akkaalat chelavu kuranjathaayitheerunnathina, oraale maathram moonnu varshathekku jayilil ninnu purathirakkendivarum. 2015leeii kanakkanusarichu australiyayile oru thadavukaarane thadavilakkaanulla sharashari chelavu prathivarsham 109,821 dolaraanu.
mochithanaaya sheshamulla vardhicha thozhilavasarangalum jayil vidyaabhyaasavumaayi bandhapetta punaradhivasavum kaaranam, samoohathinte saambathika sambaadyam paripaadikalude chelavu nikathunnathinekkaal kooduthalaanennu padanangal kandethiyittundu. 2003leeii oru padanatthil merilaandile jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripadi punaradhivaasatthe 20 sathamaanam kurachathaayi kandethi. punar thadankalinte chelavukalude adisthaanathil maathram nikuthidaayakarkku prathivarsham 24 dasalaksham dollariladhikam eee padhathi laabhikkumenn sarkkar vishakalana vidagdhar kanakkakki. washington samsthaanathu, 2016-ll seconderic sheshamulla jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte chelavu oru thadavukaaranu 1,249 dolaraayirunnu, athesamayam kozhsukal kaaranam oru thadavukaaranu motham saambathika sambaadyam 26,630 dollaranennu kandethi. 2019-ll, washington stettu instittyoott phoor public poolisi, seconderic sheshamulla vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal kozhs chelavukalekkaal kooduthal aanukoolyangal nalkumenna 100% saadhyathayundennu nigamanam cheythu, athesamayam thozhiladhishtithavum adisthaanavumaaya saaksharata vidyaabhyaasam yathaakramam 98 sathamaanam chelavu kuranjathum oro thadavukaaranum yathaakramam 17,226 dollar 11,364 dollar laabhikkunnathum kandethi. jayil vidyaabhyaasathinte chelavu falapraapthiyekkurichulla kanakkukal saadhaaranayaayi yaadhaasthithikamaanu, kaaranam erakalude kuravu moolam paroksha sambaadyam alakkaan avarkk kazhiyilla, koodaathe police, judicial, saamoohika sevana samvidaanangalile sammarddam kuraykkunnu. thozhil nikuthi labhikkuna muun thadavukaarkku avarude kudumbangale nannayi paripalikkaan kazhiyukayum pothu saambathika sahaayathe aashrayikkaathirikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal nikuthidaayakar adhika panam laabhikkunnu.
2004ll loss enjalsile california sarvakalashaala nadatthiya oru padanatthil jayil vidyaabhyaasathinaayi 10 laksham dollar chelavazhikkunnath ekadesham 600 kuttakrithyangal thadayunnuvennum thadavil chelavazhikkunna athe thuka 350 kuttakrithyangal maathram thadayunnuvennum kandethi. 2009leeii oru padanatthil yukeyil jayil vidyaabhyaasathinaayi chelavazhikkunna oro poundum nikuthidaayakarkku 2.50 poundu laabhikkumenn kandethi. 2013leeii rand korppareshan patanam kanakkaakkunnath vidyaabhyaasathinaayi chelavazhikkunna oro dollar nikuthidaayakarkku 4 muthal 5 dollar vare laabhikkunnu, vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalude chelavu polum marikadakkaan, aavarthanathe 1.9 sathamaanathinum 2.6 sathamaanathinum idayil kuraykkanam. glen sii. yude 2013 leeii oru lekhanam anusarichu. altshular david jeey. skorttan inn forbes", thaarathamyena kuranja vidyaabhyaasachelavum deerghakaala saambathika sambaadyavum kanakkiledukkumbol "ellah [us jayil] soukaryangalilum deseeyavum poornnamaayum dhanasahayamullathumaaya jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripadi illaathathu enthukondaanennu manassilakkaan prayaasamaan".
dhanasahaya vihitavum vyaapanavum.
jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalile labhyathayum pankaalittha nirakkum athupole thanne paripaadikalkk labhyamaya dhanasahayavum lokamembaadum valareyadhikam vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. jayil vidyaabhyaasathinu labhyamaya fundinte alavinekkurichulla ardhavathaaya vivarangal labhikkunnath palappozhum budhimuttaanu, kaaranam panam oru samarppita bajattil ninnalla, marichu vividha srothassukalil ninnaan varunnath. chila sandarbhangalil, oro thadavaraykkum oru nischitha thuka labhikkunnu, koodaathe vidyaabhyaasathinaayi ethra panam chelavazhikkunnuvennu jayil warden nirnnayikkanam. 2012ll europian kammeeshan dhanasahayam nalkia oru sarveyil europile 31 rajyangalil bhooribhaagavum kazhinja moonnu varshathinide jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla bajattil mattamonnum report cheythittillenn kandethi. moonnu rajyangalil pothuvidyaabhyaasathinulla dhanasahayam kurayukayum naalidatthu vardhikkukayum cheythathayi reportund. fund kuracha rajyangal mothatthil jayil bajattukalil kuravundaayennu thonnunnu, athesamayam vardhanavu report cheythava jayil janasamkhyayile valarchayudeyum mothatthilulla chelavukalile anubandha vardhanavinteyum prathiphalanam maathramaayirikkaam. norwayile jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla bajatt 2005-ll 107 dasalakshamaayirunnathil ninnu 2012-ll 225 dashalakshamaayi uyarnnu. amerikkayil jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla chelavu kuranjittundu, jayil samvidaanathinulla bajatt mothatthil vardhichittundenkilum. 2010ll jayil bajattinte 29 sathamaanam vidyaabhyaasathinaayi neekkivachu, ithu moonnu pathittaandinidayile ettavum kuranja nirakkaanu; 1982ll ithu 33 shathamaanamaayirunnu. moonnaamghatta paripaadikalkkulla fund 2008-ll 23 dasalaksham dollaril ninnu 2009-ll 17 dasalaksham dollarayi kuranju. hondurakalil 2012-leeii kanakkanusarichu jayil samvidaanathinte bajattinte 97 sathamaanavum poornnamaayum jeevanakkaarude shambalathinum bhakshanathinum vendi chelavazhikkunnu, ithu shuchithvathino mattu sevanangalkko oru dhanasahayavum avasheshippikkunnilla.
1994ll 34 rajyangalil nadatthiya oru padanatthil pakuthiyum thadavukaarkku adisthaana saaksharata padhathikalum moonnilonnu athilum uyarnna vidyaabhyaasavum vaagdaanam cheiyunnuvennu kandethi. 2004ll 27 sathamaanam thadavukaar oru vidyaabhyaasa kozhsilum 2005ll yuu. ezz jayilukalil moonnaamghatta vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalum vaagdaanam cheythirunnu. aii. dii. 1 prakaram, pankedukkunna yuu. ezz. samsthaanangalile aarr sathamaanam thadavukaar oru moonnaamthala paripaadiyil cherkkapettu. kyrgystante criminal coode thadavukaarkku vidyaabhyaasathinulla avakasham urappunalkunnundengilum, 1991 ll soviyatt union thakarnnathinusesham raajyathe jayil samvidaanam aparyapthamaaya bajattum vidyaabhyaasa jeevanakkarkkulla pariseelanavum ulppede prasnangalaal niranjirikkunnu. 2014 leeii kanakkanusarichu raajyathe 31 jayilukalil aarum thozhil vidyaabhyaasam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, koodaathe motham thadavukaar atharam paripaadikalil cherkkapettu. 1994ll bahamakal oru jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripadi aarambhichu, athu vijayakaramaanengilum,% thadavukaarkku maathrame nalkaanulla vibhavangal undaayirunnulloo. 1996leeii kanakkanusarichu veneswela thadavukaaril 6 sathamaanam perkku maathrame vidyaabhyaasam labhyamaayirunnulloo, avideyulla pala jayilukalum vidyaabhyaasam nalkiyirunnilla.
munvarshathe apekshichu 20 sathamaanam vardhanavu rekhappeduthi, morocoyile 70,675 thadavukaaril 14,353 perr vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankedutthu. 79 sathamaanam thadavukaar nirakshararum 46 sathamaanam thadavukaar kastadiyilumaayathinaal morocoyile thadavukaare padippikkunnathu prathyekichum velluviliyaanu. 2014 leeii kanakkanusarichu dakshinaafrikkayile thadavukaar kuranjathu 9-aamm classilengilum school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkendathu nirbandhamaanu. 2017 leeii kanakkanusarichu keniyayile naivasha jaile thadavukaaril 50 sathamaanavum aupachaarika vidyaabhyaasam nedunnu, raajyathudaneelamulla thadavukaarkku lunden sarvakalaashaalayiloode vidoora vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkaam. 2016 leeii kanakkanusarichu eejipthile jayililulla vidyaarthikalkku sarvakalashaala birudangal poortthiyaakkaan anuvaadamundu, ennaal shaasthra birudangalkk aavashyamaaya laborattari varkk polulla praayogika gadakangal aavasyamillaathavarkku maathrame anuvadikkoo. thadavukaarude thaanaveya amma parisodhanakal poortthiyaakkaanum arhathayund. 1992leeii kanakk prakaram eejipthile 440 thadavukaar (jayil janasamkhyayude 1.3%) secondary allengil sarvakalashaala vidyaabhyaasathil pankedukkunnundaayirunu. rund jayilukalile adisthaana saksharatha padippikkaan upayogikkunna klaas murikal kaanikkunnathayi manushyavakaasha nireekshanakendrathile inspectormaar paranju, ennaal kurachu kaalamaayi murikal upayogikkappettittille avar report cheythu, koodaathe thadavukaarkku aadyam islaamilekku parivartthanam cheythaal maathrame vidyaabhyaasam nedaan anuvaadamulloo enna aaropanavum avar kettu. jordaanile thadavukaarkku secondary, thritheeya vidyaabhyaasangal labhyamaan, ennirunnaalum vanita thadavukaarkku saadhaaranayaayi purushanmaarekkaal kuranja vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal maathrame labhyamaakoo. lebananile thadavukaaril pakuthiyolam varunna rumia jayilil 2014 leeii kanakkanusarichu secondary vidyaabhyaasathil 12 sathamaanavum thritheeya vidyaabhyaasathil 7 sathamaanavum thadavukaarundu. thadavukaarkku aupachaarikamaayi vipulamaaya vyaavasaayika thozhil vidyaabhyaasathilekku praveshanam undaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum, aayudha nirmmaanathekkurichulla aashankakal kaaranam 1975 ll eee paripaadikal avasaanippichu; 2017 leeii kanakkanusarichu vaagdaanam cheiyunna oreyoru thozhil vidyaabhyaasam computer saaksharathayaanu.
manushyaavakaashangalekkuri europian kanvenshanum europian yooniyante moulikaavakaashangalude charter oru vyakthikkum vidyaabhyaasathinulla avakasham nishedhikkappedillenn prasthaavikkunnu, koodaathe europian jayil niyamangal thadavukaarude vidyaabhyaasam "raajyathe vidyaabhyaasa, thozhil pariseelana samvidaanavumaayi samyojippikkumennu prasthaavikkunnu, angane avarude mochanam kazhinju avarkk avarude vidyaabhyaasavum thozhil pariseelanavum budhimuttillaathe thudaraam". ennirunnaalum, niravadhi europian raajyangalile jayil naya rekhakalil vidyaabhyaasathekkurich paraamarsikkunnilla, 2012 leeii europian kammeeshan sarveyil europil 15 raajyangalundennu kandethi (yuke ulppede) 25 sathamaanathil thaazhe thadavukaar vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankedukkunnu. kazhinja anchu varshathinide irupathiyonnu rajyangal pankaalitthatthil vardhanavu rekhappeduthiyathaayi report cheythu, anjennam mattamonnum report cheythilla, moonnennam cheria kuravu report cheythu. praayapoorthiyaakaathavarude pankaalittham ganyamaayi kooduthalaayirunnu; praayapoorthiyaakaatha thadavukaar saadhaaranayaayi school hajar nirbandhitha praayatthil thazheyaayathinaal eee phalangal pratheekshichirunnu. pathinonnu rajyangal 50 sathamaanathiladhikam nirakk report cheythu, koodaathe 10 rajyangal 75 sathamaanathiladhikam nirakk report cheythu. 15 raajyangalile ellah jayilukalilum, aarr raajyangalile bhooribhaagam jayilukalilum, 10 raajyangalile pakuthiyil thaazhe jayilukalilum praayapoorthiyaaya thadavukaarkku pothuvidyaabhyaasam nalkiyittundennum sarway kandethi.
2010num 2015num idayil yukeyil sarvakalashaala thalatthil padikkunna thadavukaarude ennam 1,722ll ninnu 1,079 aayi kuranju, koodaathe unnatha thalatthil padikkunna thadavukaarude ennam pakuthiyaayi kuranju. 2016leeii kanakkanusarichu, yukeyile jayil vittuporunnavaril 16 sathamaanam perr maathramaan vidyaabhyaasamo pariseelanamo poortthiyaakkiyathu. 2014leeii oru report anusarichu, belaarasil 82 thiruthal kendrangalundaayirunnu, avayil anjennam thadavukaarkkaayi praadhamika, secondary school vidyaabhyaasavum 21 ennam thozhil pariseelanavum nalkunnathaayirunnu.
chila europian rajyangalil thadavukaarkku vidyaabhyaasam labhikkaan budhimuttu neridendi vannekkaamenkilum, ithu vyaapakamaayi labhyamaan allengil mattullavayil nirbandhavumaanu. germmaniyilum netherlandilum thadavukaar kastadiyilaayirikkumbol joliyum padanavum nadathendathundu. 2013ll germmaniyile naalil araa muthal moonnu vare thadavukaar vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalil pankedutthu. norwayil jayil vidyaabhyaasam asaadhaaranamaamvidham mikachathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu; niyamaprakaaram ellah thadavukaarkkum vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukalilekku praveshanam undaayirikkanam. austriyayilum denmarkilum samanamaaya niyamangal praabalyathilundu. 2017 leeii kanakkanusarichu, europian union jamaikkayile oru jayil skoolinu dhanasahayam nalkunnu.
austreliyayil vidyaabhyaasam nadathunna thadavukaarude nirakk southu austreliyayil 28 sathamaanam muthal nyoo southu veyilsil 88 sathamaanam vareyum sharashari 57 sathamaanavum aayirunnu. 2006-07 ennathinte deseeya sharashari 36.1% aayirunnu. 2014leeii oru reportil, jayil janasamkhyayile vardhanavu neridaan raajyathudaneelamulla jayil vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukalude kazhivillaymayaanu pankaalitthatthil kuravundaayathennu kandethi. 2018-19 ll deseeya sharashari 38.0% aayirunnu. thozhiladhishtitha vidyaabhyaasathil ettavum uyarnna pankaalittha nirakk <aii. dii. 1> aayirunnu, sarvakalashaala thalatthilulla vidyaabhyaasathil ettavum kuranjathu 1.5 shathamaanamaayirunnu. australiyayile ellah samsthaanangalilum pradeshangalilum jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla aavasyam labhyamaya sthalathekkaal valare kooduthalaanu.
indoneshyayile ezhu jayilukal sandarshicha human raitts vaachu 1990-ll nadatthiya anweshanathil ellah jayilukalum eathenkilum tharatthilulla adisthaana saaksharata klaasukal vaagdaanam cheiyunnuvennu kandethi, ennirunnaalum eee thalathinappuram vidyaabhyaasam valare kuravaanu. rund jayilukalil mathavidyaabhyaasam nirbandhamaayirunnu. 1991ll chainayile 561,000 thadavukaar vidyaabhyaasa kozhsukalil pankedukkukayum atharamoru kozhs poortthiyaakkiyathinu 546,000 perkku certificat nalkukayum cheythu; 1991ll chainayil 12 laksham thadavukaar undaayirunnu. 2016leeii kanakkanusarichu singappoorile 14 jayilukalil onnil maathrame thadavukaarkkaayi oru school ulloo. ennirunnaalum, jaile pankaalittham vardhichukondirikkanu. 2012ll 210 thadavukaar pothu vidyaabhyaasa certificat pareekshayezhuthiyappol 2015ll 239 thadavukaar pareekshayezhuthi.
ethirppu.
jayil vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikalkk ethirppilla. thadavukaarodu pothujanangalude sahathapam palappozhum kuravaayirikkum, rashtreeya pinthunayil ninnu kurachu vottukal maathrame labhikkoo ennathinaal eee vishayathin palappozhum rashtreeya munganana nalkunnilla. jayil vidyaabhyaasathinu pinthunayillaaymaye akramasakthamaaya kuttakrithyangalkku asamamaya oonnal nalkunnathum pothujana bhayam nilanirthunnathum ulppede kuttakrithyangalekkurichu samvedanaathmaka reportingumaayi bandhippichittundu. ithu "kuttakrithyangalkku kadinamaaya" oru rashtreeya aagrahathilekku nayikkunnu. ikyaraashtra pothusabhayude abhipraayathil, eee bhayangal prathifalippikkaanulla "raashtreeyakkaarude sannadhatha" "thadavukaarude vidyaabhyaasathinulla avakashangal ulppeduthaanulla vimukhatha" yilek nayichu.
jayil vidyaabhyaasathinethire unnayikkunna vaadangalil thadavukaarkku vidyaabhyaasam nedaanulla avakasham arhikkunnilla, angane cheiyunnathu "kuttakrithyangalodu mriduvaaya perumaattam" aanennum athu nikuthidaayakarude panam paazhaakkunnathaanennum ulppedunnu. thadavilullavarkku vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnathu kuttakrithyangal cheythathinu avarkk "prathiphalam nalkunnu" ennum niyamam anusarikkunna pouranmaar panam nalkendivarumbol thadavukaarkku soujanya vidyaabhyaasam labhikkunnath aneethiyaanennum vaadikkappettittundu. criminal doctor graant duveyude abhipraayathil, thadavukaarkku soujanya vidyaabhyaasam nalkunnathu saadhaarana pouranmaarekkaal mikacha reethiyil perumaarunnuvenna parati saadhuthayullathaanenkilum kuttakrithyangal kurayunnathinte falamaayi nikuthidaayakarkku ganyamaaya sambaadyam labhikkunnathinaal eee sambradaayam prolsaahippikkanam.
jayil vidyaabhyaasathinaayi vaadikkunna raashtreeyakkaar palappozhum athiraalikalude ethirppu neridunnu. 2014ll newyork govarnor andrew cuomo samsthaanathe 2.8 bilyan dollar bajattil oru dasalaksham dollar jayilukalkkayi thadavukaarkkaayulla oru koleju paripaadikkaayi neekkivaykkaan nirddeshichu. 53 sathamaanam watermar eee nirddeshathe pinthunachenkilum 68 sathamaanam republicanmaar ethirthathode niyamanirmmaathaakkalil ninnum prathipaksha partyil ninnum ethirppu nerittu. pinneedu athu pinvalikkukayum pakaram svakaaryamaayi dhanasahayam nalkunna oru prograam sthaapikkukayum cheythu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, moonnu republican kongras amgangal pell graantukalum jayil vidyaabhyaasathinulla federal saambathika sahayavum neekkam cheiyukayenna lakshyathode 'dhii childran biphore koons act' enna peril oru bill avatharippichu, pakshe bill orikkalum votteduppilekku konduvannilla. australian samsthaanamaaya queenslandil jayil vidyaabhyaasam vipuleekarikkaanulla laber party shramangale liberal party palappozhum athirthirunnu; 2016ll annathe police shado mantri jarod bleeji paranju, "nammude kuttikalekkaal mikacha vidyaabhyaasam [thadavukaarkku] labhikkunnundenn urappakkaan eee panamellaam nikshepikkaan njangal aagrahikkunna oru sthalamaayirikkaruthu jayil".

