
naitrajan dye ooksaid

naitrajan dye ooksaid eee soothravaakyamulla oru raasa samyukthamaanu. niravadhi naitrajan ooksaidukalil onnaanith. naitrik aasidinte vyaavasaayika samanvayathil oru idatharam aanu, athil dasalakshakkanakkinu tonn oro varshavum praadhamikamaayi valangalude ulppaadanathinaayi uthppaadippikkunnu. uyarnna thapanilayil ithu chuvapp-thavitt niratthilulla vaathakamaanu. valia alavil shwasichaal ithu maarakamaayekkaam. sii2vii pooyint group samamithiyulla oru paramagnetic, valanja thanmathrayaanu naitrajan dye ooksaid.
anthareeksha malineekaranatthinte nox kudumbatthil ithu ulppedunnu.
swathukkal.
mukalil theekshnavum theekshnavumaaya gandhamulla chuvapp-thavitt niratthilulla vaathakamaanu naitrajan dye ooksaid, thaazhe manja-thavitt niratthilulla draavakamaayi maarunnu. ithu athinte diamer, dainaitrajan tetroxide () ennivayumaayi oru santhulithaavastha srishtikkukayum eathaandu poornnamaayum thaazhekku parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
naitrajan aattavum ooksijan aattavum thammilulla bondinte neelam 119.7 PM aanu. eee bondinte neelam onnum randum thammilulla boond kramavumaayi poruthappedunnu.
oosoon, oo3 ll ninnu vyathyasthamayi, naitrajan dye ooksaidinte graundu electronic avastha eratta avasthayaanu, kaaranam naitrajan oru jodiyaakkaatha electron undu, ithu naitraittumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol alfa prabhavam kuraykkukayum ooksijan loonn jodikalumaayi durbalamaaya bandhanam srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu. eaka electron ennathinartham eee samyuktham oru free radical aanennum athinaal naitrajan dye ooksaidinte soothravaakyam palappozhum ezhuthappedunnu.
chuvapp-thavitt niram spektrathinte neela mekhalayil (400-500 enm) prakaashatthinte munganana agiranam cheiyunnathinte anantharafalamaanu, ennirunnaalum agiranam drishyamaakunnathiludaneelam (kuranja tharamgadairkhyathil) infraredilekkum (dairkhyameriya tharamgadairkhyathil) vyaapikkunnu. ekadesham 400 enn. emm. ll thaazheyulla tharamgadairkhyathil prakasham agiranam cheiyunnathu photolysisinu kaaranamaakunnu (noow + oo, aattomik ooksijan roopappeduthunnu); anthareekshathil angane roopappedunna ooksijan aattam oo2-lake cherkkunnath oosoonin kaaranamaakunnu.
thayyaareduppu.
naitrik ooksaid vaayuvile ooksijan vazhi ookseekarikkunnathiloodeya naitrajan dye ooksaid saadhaaranayaayi undaakunnath (udha.jii. corona dischaarjinte falamaayi):
mikka jwalana prakriyakalilum vaayu ooksidantaayi upayogichaanu naitrajan dye ooksaid roopappedunnathu. uyarnna thapanilayil naitrajan ooksijanumaayi samyojichu naitrajan dye ooksaid roopappedunnu
naitrik aasidinte nirjjaleekaranam dainaitrajan pentoxide ulppaadippikkunna rund gattangalulla prakriyayil laboratariyil ithu thayyarakkam
ithu pinneedu taapa vighadanathinu vidheyamaakunnu
chila loha naitrettukalude taapa vighadanavum srishtikkunnu
 oru lohathil (chembu polullava) kendreekritha naitrik assid kurayunnathiloodeyaanu ithu ulppaadippikkunnathu
naitrik aasidinte vighadanathil ninnulla roopeekaranam.
mothatthilulla prathikaranatthiloode naitrik assid naitrajan dye ooksaidaayi kramena vighadikkunnu
angane roopappedunna naitrajan dye ooksaid palappozhum eee assid prakadippikkunna savisheshamaaya manja niram nalkunnu.
thiranjeduttha prathikaranangal.
taapa gunangal.
 niramillaatha vaathakamaaya dainaitrajan tetroxidemaayi () santhulithaavasthayilaanu ithu nilanilkkunnath
exothermic aaya santhulithaavasthayude savisheshatha ithaanu. uyarnna thapanilayil n2 anukoolamaanu, athesamayam kuranja thapanilayil n2o4 prabalamaanu. −11.2 digri selshyas dravanaankamulla velutha kharapadaarthamaayi ithu labikkum. jody cheyyaatha electron kaaranam n2 ennathu paragnetic aanu, athesamayam n2o4 diamagnetic aanu.
150 digri selshyasil, oru endothermic prakriyayiloode ooksijan purathuvidunnathiloode vighadikkunnu ():
oru ooksidaisar pole.
n-o bondinte balaheenata soochippikkunnathu pole, ithu oru nalla ooksidaisaraanu. thathfalamaayi, ithu hydrocarbonukalude saannidhyathil chilappol spodanaathmakamaayi kathikkum.
jalavishleshanam.
noow 2 vellavumayi prathipravartthichu naitrik assid naitras assid nalkunnu
amoniayil ninnulla naitrik aasidinte vyaavasaayika ulppaadanathinulla austwald prakriyayile oru gattamaanu eee prathikaranam. anthareekshathinte savisheshathayude kuranja saandrathayil eee prathikaranam valare mandagathiyilaanu, ennirunnaalum ithu uparithalangalilekku noow 2 ettedukkunnathiloode munnott pookunnu. atharam uparithala prathikaranam puram, akathala parithasthithikalil vathaka echu. enn. oo. 2 (palappozhum hoonoo ennu ezhuthappedunnu) uthpaadippikkumennu karuthappedunnu.
nitrettukalilekkulla parivartthanam.
 ooksaidukalil ninnu anhydrus mettal naitrettukal utppaadippikkaan ithu upayogikkunnu
alkail, mettal iodideukal enniva anubandha naitrettukal nalkunnu
paristhithi.
 stratosphereil ninnulla praveshanam, bacteria shwasanam, agniparvvathangal, minnal ennivayulppede prakrithidatha kaaranangalalaanu ithu paristhithiyilekku avatharippikkunnath. eee srothassukal bhoomiyude anthareekshathil oru trace vaathakam undaakkunnu, avide sooryaprakaasham agiranam cheiyunnathilum tropospherinte rasathanthram niyanthrikkunnathilum, prathyekichu oosoon saandrata nirnnayikkunnathil ithu oru punk vahikkunnu.
upayogikkunnu.
 naitrik aasidinte nirmmaanatthil oru intermediattaayum raasa sphodakavasthukkalude nirmmaanatthil nitrating ejantaayum akrilettukalkkulla polymerisation inhibittaraayum maav bleaching ejantaayum muriyile thaapanila vandhyamkarana ejantaayum ithu upayogikkunnu. rokkatt indhanathil oru ooksidaisaraayum ithu upayogikkunnu, udaaharanathinu chuvanna puka naitrik aasidil; titan rokkattukalilum project jemini vikshepikkunnathinum bahirakasha shuttle manuvering thrasttarukalilum vividha grahangalilekku ayaykkunna aalillaatha bahirakasha probukalilum ithu upayogichirunnu.
manushyan moolamundaakunna srothassukalum exposure.
pothujanangale sambandhichidatholam, aantharika jwalana enchinukalaanu ettavum pradhanappetta uravidangal, kaaranam jwalana thaapanila vaayuvile naitrajan ooksijanum thaapaparamaayi samyojippichu roopappedaan paryaapthamaan. purathu, motor vahanangalil ninnulla gathaagathatthinte falamaayirikkaam.
veedinakathu, sigaratt puka, beautain, mannenna heaterukal, stau ennivayil ninnaan exposure undaakunnath.
upayogikkunna vyavasaayangalile thozhilaallikalum thurannukaattappedukayum thozhilparamaaya shwaasakosha rogangalkkulla apakadasaadhyathayundaavukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe niyosh exposure paridhikalum suraksha maanadandangalum nischayichittundu. uyarnna volteju pradeshangalile thozhilaallikal, prathyekichu theeppori allengil plasma srishtikkunnavar apakadathilaanu. daanyangal silosil vighadikkunnathu moolam kaarshika thozhilaallikalkk undakam; vittumaaraatha exposure "silo-fillers disease" enna avasthayil shwaasakoshathinu kedupaadukal varuthiyekkaam.
vishaamsham.
 shwaasakosha eppitheeliyathinte epithelial lining draavakathilekku (elph) vyaapikkukayum layikkukayum cheiyunnu. avide, ithu elphile aantiooksidantukalumaayumam lipid thanmathrakalumaayum raasaparamaayi prathikarikkunnu. prathikarana uthppannangalo avayude mettabolittukalo moolamaanu aarogyaparamaya prathyaaghaathangal undaakunnath, avaa reactive naitrajan speesheesukalum reactive ooksijan speesheesukalum broncoconstriction, veekkam, rogaprathirodha prathikaranam kuraykkuka, hridayathil swaadheenam cheluthuka ennivaykku kaaranamakum. 
exposure moolamundaakunna gurutharamaaya kedupaadukal apoorvamaanu. <aii. dii. 1> ppm mookkinum thondaykkum neriya prakopippikkum, <aii. dii. 2> ppm edimaykk kaaranamakum, ithu bronchitis allengil pneumoniayilekku nayikkum, koodaathe 1000 ppmil kooduthalulla alavu shwaasakoshathile draavakathil ninnulla shwaasammuttal moolam maranathinu kaaranamakum. shanikamaaya chuma, ksheenam allengil ookkaanam enniva ozhikeyulla rogalakshanangalonnum palappozhum exposure samayat undaakilla, ennaal manikkoorukalolam shwaasakoshathile veekkam edimaykk kaaranamaakunnu.
charmmatthilo kanniloo prathyakshappedunnathin, badhita pradesham lavanamsham kondu niraykkunnu. shwasikkunnathinaayi, ooksijan nalkunnu, bronchodylatorukal nalkaam, methemoglobinemy lakshanagal undengil, naitrajan adhishtitha samyukthangal chuvanna rakthaanukkalile haemoglobine baadhikkumbol undaakunna oru avastha, methylene blue nalkaam.
yuu. esinte sekshan 302 ll nirvachichirikkunnathupo ithu amerikkayil angeyattam apakadakaramaaya oru padaarthamaayi tharamthirickunnu.ezz. emarjansi planning aandu community raitt-tuu-noow act (42 yuu.ezz.sii. 11002), ithu ganyamaaya alavil uthppaadippikkunnatho sambharikkunnatho upayogikkunnatho aaya soukaryangalude karsanamaaya reporting aavasyakathakalkku vidheyamaan.
exposurinte aarogyaparamaya prathyaaghaathangal.
cheria dainamdina vyathiyanangal polum shwaasakoshathinte pravartthanatthil maattangalkk kaaranamakum. 
vittumaaraatha exposure aarogyamulla aalukalil shwaasanaala veekkam, aasthmayullavaril shwaasakosha lakshanagal vardhippikkal ennivayulppede shwaasakosha efakttukalkku kaaranamakum.
asthmayum thammilulla bandham manasilakkaanulla shramathil chodyaavalikalum vyakthigatha abhimukhangalum upayogichu aarogyathil vishaamshathinte phalangal parishodhichittundu. lokathile bhooribhaagam aalukalum avarude samayathinte 80 sathamaanathiladhikam veedinullil chelavazhikkunnathinaal indor vaayu malineekaranatthinte swaadheenam aarogyathil pradhaanamaan. bhoomishaasthraparamaaya pradesham, thozhil pravartthanangal, lingabhedam ennivayulppede niravadhi gadakangale aashrayichaan veedinullil chelavazhikkunna samayam. koodaathe, hoome insulation mechappedunnathinaal, ithu indor vaayu malineekaranavasthukkal kooduthal nilanirthaan kaaranamakum. bhoomishaasthraparamaaya mekhalaye sambandhichidatholam, aasthmayude vyaapanam 2 muthal 20 sathamaanam vare vyathyaasamundaakkunnath enthaanennathinekkurichu vyakthamaaya soochanakalonnumilla. nannayi insulate cheythathum kuranja nivasikalullathumaaya veedukalude sangalppangal pidichedukkunna "shuchithva sidhaantham" allengil "paashchaathya jeevitashaili" yude falamaayirikkaam ithu. mattoru patanam veettile naitrajan exposure shwaasakosha lakshanangalum thammilulla bandham parisodhikkukayum asthmayum gyaas stau exposure undennu medical roganirnayam nadathunnavaril sthithivivarakkanakusaricha ganyamaaya 2.23 (95 sathamaanam sii. aii.: 1.06,472) anupaathathil kandethukayum cheythu.
veedukalil paachakam cheiyunnathino choodaakkunnathino gyaas stau upayogikkunnathaanu indor eksposharinte pradhana uravidam. 2000 leeii sensus prakaram, nammalil pakuthiyiladhikam kudumbangalum gyaas stau upayogikkunnu, gyaas stau ulla veedukalil indor exposure level, electric stouvukale apekshichu sharashari moonnirattiyengilum kooduthalaanu, ettavum uyarnna alavu multy famili veedukalilaanu. aasthma baadhicha kuttikalkk ithu exposure cheiyunnathu prathyekichum doshakaramaanu. gyaas stau ulla veedukalil thamasikkunna aasthmayulla kuttikalkk shwaasathadassam, chuma, nench irukkam thudangiya shwaasakosha lakshanagal undakanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanennu gaveshanangal theliyichittundu. koodaathe, gyaas stau upayogam aasthmayulla penkuttikalil shwaasakoshathinte pravartthanam kuraykkunnathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, ennirunnaalum eee bandham aankuttikalil kandethiyilla. gyaas stau pravartthippikkumbol vaayusanjaaram upayogikkunnathu aasthmayulla kuttikalil shwaasakosha lakshanangalude saadhyatha kuraykkum.
2 muthal 6 vayass vare praayamulla kuttikalkk asthmayum asthmayum thammil enthengilum bandhamundo ennu nirnnayikkaan, aasthmayude nilavilulla medical roganirnayavum aasthmayumaayi bandhapetta oru sandarshanavum, thaazhnna saamoohika saambathika nilayilulla kudumbangalkk avarude veedukalil gyaas stau undaayirikkaan kooduthal saadhyathayund. patana janasamkhyayil oru veedinullile uyarnna alavu shwaasakosha lakshanangalude uyarnna thalavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnave patanam nigamanam cheythu. vishaamsham kuttikalkk apakadakaramaanennu ithu kooduthal udaaharanam nalkunnu.
paaristhithika prathyaaghaathangal.
anthareekshathile vellam, ooksijan, mattu rasavasthukkal ennivayumaayulla parasparapravartthanam assid mazhaykku kaaranamakum, ithu thadakangal, vanangal thudangiya sensitiivu aavaasavyavasthakale doshakaramaayi badhikkunnu. uyarnna alavil sasyajaalangalkk dosham varuthukayum valarcha kuraykkukayum vilavu kuraykkukayum cheyyum.