
grensboaton

1841 muthal 1922 vare prasidheekaricha oru jarmman bhashayaaya deseeya liberal maasikayayirunnu dye grensbotten, chilappol aazhchathorum chilappol randaazhchayolavum.
charithram.
1841ll brasselsile ignas kurandayaanu jenal sthaapichathu, 1848 vare athinte edittaraayirunnu. 1842 muthal, "dye grensbotten" prasidheekarana sthaapanam eph. dablyu. leapsigil gruno, pinneedu berlinil. 1848ll gustav freetag juuliyan schmid edittarmaaraayi chumathalayettu. 1861 vareyum veendum 1867 muthal 1870 vareyum freetag eee sthaanam vahichu; shmidt 1861 vare. avarude swantham sambhaavanakaliloode, 1871 ll jarmman reach sthaapikkunnathuvare deseeya-liberal boorshwaasiyude ettavum swaadheenamulla mukhapathramaayi avar maasikaye maatti. 1870 ll, gruno eaka udamayaayi, 1878 ll johannes gruno gustav vustmaanumaayi chernnu prasidheekaranam ettedukkunnathuvare hans blum edittinginte chumatala vahichu. aaa samayam muthal, maasikayude disha poornnamaayum udaaravaadathil ninnu kooduthal yaadhaasthithikathayilekku maari. 1849ll austriyayil "dye grensbotten" nirodhichu. 1856 muthal 1870 vareyum 1878 muthal 1890 vareyum moorits bush athinte ettavum uthppaadanakshamamaaya edittarmaaril oraalaayirunnu.
thudakkathil "blaattar pharr dutch land undu beljian" ("peppezhs phoor jarmmani aandu beljiyam") ennathaayirunnu athinte upasheershakam. ithu 1842-ll "ainn dushe review" ("oru jarmman review"), 1844-ll "seetshrift phur polittik undu littaraachur" ("rashtreeyathinum saahityathinumulla jenal"), 1871-ll "seetshrift phur polittik, littaraachur undu kunst" ("raashtreeyam, saahityam, kala ennivaykkulla jenal") enningane maari.
schmid freetag saahitya yaadhaarthya sidhaantham vikasippicheduthathinaal jenal pradhanamaayirunnu. 1848 muthalulla dashakathil avar germmaniyile saahitya vyavahaarathil nirnnayaka swaadheenam chelutthi.

