
newfoundland koolani

newfoundland oru engleeshukaaranum pinneedu britiish kolaniyumaayirunnu, ithu 1610-ll newfoundland dveepil sthaapithamaayi, ippol newfoundland, labrador pravisyayaanu. pathittaandukalaayi dveepil edaykkideyulla engleesh kudiyettatthe thudarnnu, ithu sthiramalla, thudakkathil seasonalaayirunnu. 1824ll ithu oru kireeda kolaniyum 1907ll oru aadhipathyavum aakki. mahaamaandyakaalathu athinte sambadvyavastha thakarukayum 1934 februvari 16nuu newfoundland niyamanirmmanasabha raajyathe bharikkunnathinayi aarr anga sarkkar kammeeshan roopeekarikkaan sammathikkukayum cheythu. 1949ll kaanadayil newfoundland pravisyayaayi cheraan raajyam vottu cheythu.
charithram.
beauthuk (greenlandic norsil "scriling" ennariyappedunnu), innu thudangiya thaddesheeya janatha newfoundlaandileyum labradorileyum aadya nivaasikalaayirunnu. pathinanjaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, jovo fernandez lavrador, gaspar courte-riyal, joonn cabot, jackwus cartier thudangiya europian paryavekshakar eee pradesham sandarshikkaan thudangi. pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkam muthal engleesh, porchugees, franch, spanish kroovukalulla malsyabandhana kappalukal seasonal adisthaanathil sandarshikkaan thudangi. pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil eee mathsyathozhilaalikalil chilar marupillayil oru anoupachaarika vaasasthalam sthaapichu. europian kolanikkaar avatharippicha pakarchavyaadhikalude falamaayi janasamkhya kurayukayum colonial kudiyettam moolam avarude poorvvika pradesham nashtappedukayum cheythathinaal oru janatha enna nilayil beothuk kramena vamshanasham sambhavichu.
1610 muthal, engleesh kolanikkaar newfoundlaandil colonial vaasasthalangal sthaapichu, udamasthaavakaasha gavarnarmaarude neethrthwathil, englandu vadakke american kaalukal srishtikkaan shramichu. kuppezhs kovile aadyathe settilmentinte gavarnaraayirunnu joonn gaii. 1623ll oru pravisyayaayi samghadippikkappetta bristtolinte hoopp, renews, nyoo cambriol, southu fackland, avalon ennivayaayirunnu mattu vaasasthalangal. 1638ll sarr david kirke aayirunnu newfoundland muzhuvan adhikaraparidhi nalkia aadyathe govarnor. eee kaalayalavil france eee mekhalayil, prathyekichu padinjaaru ippol cubeckil vaasasthalangal sthaapichu. mikmak mattu algongian samsaarikkunna janangalum ulppede atlaantik theerathe niravadhi thaddesheeya janangalumayi ithinu sakthamaaya vyapara bandhamundaayirunnu. 
europil englandum france thammilulla malsaram vadakke amerikkayile samgharshangalil nadannu, avide avar aadhipathyathinaayi paadupettu. kizhakkan theerangalile engleesh colonial vaasasthalangal thekkan newfoundlaandile franch avakaashavaadangalumaayi aduthirunna newfoundlaandil ithu prathyekichum sathyamaayirunnu, franchukaar playsons ennu vilichirunnu. vilyam raajaavinte yudhathinte avalon upadveep prachaaranavelayil newfoundland kolaniye eathaandu illaathaakki. 1696ll franch sakhyakakshiyaya mikmack sayudha sena newfoundland dveepile orupidi engleesh vaasasthalangalozhike matellaam thudachuneekki. adutha varsham engleeshukaar kolaniye punarnirmmikkukayum janavasam vardhippikkukayum cheythu. 1713leeii utrekt udambadi newfoundland muzhuvan britiish kireedatthinu kaimari.
amerikkayile kooduthal thekkan britiish kolanikalil ninnu newfoundland koolani otappettathinaal (appozhum vishwasthamaaya nova scotia colonic sameepamulla), athu 1770-kalile colonial kalaapathil ulppettilla. 1783ll american viplava yuddham avasaanichathinusesham american aikyanaadukalude swaathanthryathode newfoundland kolaniye britiish vadakke amerikkayude bhaagamaayi. kireedavakashi newfoundlaandile chila vishwasthare punaradhivasippichuvenkilum avaril bhooribhaagathinum nova skottiyayilum innathe ontaariyoyilum bhoomi nalki. 1809ll britiish saamraajyathva sarkkar newfoundland kolaniyilekku maattunnathinaayi labradorine lover kaanadayil ninnu verpeduthi.
1825ll ithu oru audyogika kireeda kolaniyaayi maarukayum royal neviyile udyogasthanaaya thomas joonn kokrane athinte aadya govarnoraayi niyamikkukayum cheythu. vilyam kottayudeyum tounshend kottayudeyum edayilulla sarkkar bhavanathinte nirmmaanathinu addeham nirddesham nalki. moonnum deseeya charitraparamaaya sthalangalaayi prakhyaapichittundu. 1832ll colonic oru bharanaghadana nalkukayum cochrain athinte aadyathe sivil govarnoraayi maarukayum cheythu.
1854ll colonic svayambharana padavi nalki. 1855num 1858num idayil newfoundlaandinte aadya premiyaraayirunnu philipp francis littil. 1864-69 kaalaghattatthil kaanadayumayulla konfedareshan raajyam nirasichu. 1907ll newfoundland britiish saamraajyathinte aadhipathyamaaya newfoundlaandinte aadhipathyamaayi maari. 1934-ll saambathika budhimuttukal kaaranam, rajaavu niyamicha aarr amgangal (brittanil ninnulla moonnu perum newfoundlaandil ninnulla moonnu perum) adangunna oru kammeeshan gavanmentinte bharanam newfoundland niyamanirmmanam amgeekarichu. rund deseeya referendakalil, newfoundlaandezhsum labradoriyakkaarum 1948ll kaanadayude bhagamaakaan vottu cheythu. 1949 epril 1nuu. athu newfoundland pravisyayaayi.