
sent maikkal aandu ool enchals charchu (hovic, northumberland)

englandile northamberlandile hovic graamatthile hovic haalinte poonthottangalude groundil sthithicheyyunna oru engleesh edavaka palliyaan sent maikkal aandu ool enchals charchu. englandinte deseeya paithruka pattikayil randaam grade listtucheytha kettidamaayi rekhappeduthiyittulla eee palli prathivarsham irupathinaayiratholam sandarshakare sweekarikkunnu.
charithravum savisheshathakalum.
1158 ll askett enna purohitan rekhappeduthappettappol, addehathinte kaalathinu valare munbuthanne ivide oru palli undaayirunnu. 1746ll theepidutthatthil nasippikkappetta yadhaartha kshethram norman sailiyilaanu nirmmichathu, athinu pakaram palli guide 'oru kauthukakaramaaya ionic kshethram' ennu vilikkunnu. aaa 'ionic' kettidam katthi nashichu, 1848 ll aarkkitekt eph. jeey francis roopakalppana cheytha ippozhathe palli pakaram vannu. vrithaakrithiyilulla kamaanamulla janalukalum vaathilukalum ulla eee neo-norman shailiyilulla kshethram saadhaaranayaayi victorian kettidamaanu. francis oru chansal vasthravum cherthu kizhakode bell-kottu upayogichu padinjarottum palli vyapippichu.
pallikku hovic haalile chaaraniravumayi adutha bandhamund, chaarakudumbatthile pala amgangalum palliyude muttathu samskarikkappedunnu. 1830num 1834num idayil pradhaanamanthriyaayi sevanamanushticha chaals gray, 2nd erl gray aayirunnu avaril ettavum prasasthanum pradhaananumaayavar. addehathinte bharanakaalathaanu 1832leeii parishkarana niyamam pasakkappettathu, ithu praathinidhya janaadhipathyathin vazhiyorukki. ennaal innu addeham ettavum kooduthal ormmikkappedunnathu addehathinte rashtreeya nettangalalla, marichu addehathinte perilulla chaayaykkaan.
chaaranirakkar palliyil pookunnathinekkaal kooduthal cheythu. maria copley, moonnaam kaundes gray (1803-1879), oru shilpiyaayirunnu. puram vadakke mathiline alankarikkunna gaargoyilukal avar kothiyedutthu. anchaam kaundas (1884-1958) aaya mabel pammer, balipeetathinum snapana aksharavinyaasathinum pinnilulla paintingukal kammeeshan cheyyukayum sammishra vikaarangalumayi kanakkaakkukayum cheiyunnu.
sent germmansile randaamathe angleya bishappaya maikkal fisher, anchaamathe eal greyude kudumbavumaayulla anubhavam thante oormmakkurippil vivarikkunnu thalkkaalam oru ormmakkurippu, avar bhaktharaya unnatha sabhaa aamgleyanmaaraayirunnave addeham paraamarsikkunnu, pakshe sent mikkilinte sabhaa vaidagdhyam vyakthamalla.

