khaasim khem-makhaam nirthalaakkuka

pathonpathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil iranian raashtreeyathilum pershyan saahithyathilum pradhana punk vahicha oru iranian udyogasthanum gadya ezhuthukaaranumaayirunnu kheem-makhaam randaaman ennum ariyappedunna mirza elib-khaasim khaim-makhaam farahani (khaim makhaam ennum ucharikkappedunnu; 1779-1835).
farahaanil ninnulla oru bureaucrat kudumbathilppettirunna elib-khaasim, kireedavakashi abbas mirsayude manthriyaayi sevanamanushticha khajaarukalkk keezhilulla pramukha rashtrathanthranjanaaya mirza bosorg kheem-makhaaminte (maranam 1821) makanaayirunnu. pithaavinte maranashesham, albal-khaasim thante padavikalum padavikalum paarambaryamaayi nedi. addeham abbas mirza yudhangalil anugamikkukayum addehathinte parishkaarangalkk pinnile shilpi aakukayum cheythu. ottomanukalumaayulla ersuram udambadiyilekkum rashyakkarumaayulla thurkkmenchaay udambadiyilekkum nayicha charchakalude bhagamaayathinaal iraante nayatantra kaaryangalilum albal-khaasim earppettu.
1834 muthal 1835 vare addeham khajaar rajaavu (shhaa) mohammed shhaa khajaarinte (shhaa) grand visi aayi sevanamanushtichu.
pashchaathalam.
1779ll tehran nagaratthil oru bureaucrat kudumbathilaanu elib-khaasim janichathu. sand bharanaadhikaarikalude muun udyogasthanum khajaarukalkk keezhilulla pramukha raashtrathanthranjaril oralumaaya mirza isaa farahaniyude (mirza bosorg kheem-makhaam ennariyappedunnu) makanaayirunnu addeham. uyarnna saaksharathaykkum raashtrathanthrathil praaveenyathinum peruketta madhya iraanile farahan swadeshiyaayirunnu eee kudumbam. cherupraayatthil thanne thaanayi enna thoolikaanaamathil "khaasidaas" ezhuthikkondu elib-khaasim kavithayil thante vaidagdhyam prakadippichu.
"kheyim-makhaam" enna padavi mirza bosorg aadyamaayi nediya oru bahumanyamaaya padaviyaanu, athu addehathinte pithaavinte maranashesham anantharaavakaashamaayi labhicha khaasim nirthalaakkiyathil ninnu 1809/10 ll grand visiyar mirza shafi masandaraaniyude (maranam 1819) deputy aayi niyamithanaayappol.
jeevitam.
1821-ll pithaavinte maranashesham, kireedavakashi abbas mirsayude (1833-ll antharichu) manthriyaayi elib-khaasim adhikaaramettu, addehathinte vishalamanaskavum purogamanaparavumaaya veekshanam khaasim nirthalaakkaan abhyarthichu. kireedaavakaashiye valare vishwasthathayodum nischayadaarthyathodum koodi sevicha elib-khaasim abbas mirza yudhangalil anugamikkukayum addehathinte parishkaarangalkk pinnile shilpiyaayirunnu. 1823ll, ottomaan saamraajyavumaayi oru samadhana udambadi charcha cheiyunnathil nirmarjana-khaasem oru punk vahikkukayum athu ersuram udambadiyilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. athe varsham thanne russian saamraajyavumaayulla souhrudathekkurichulla samshayam kaaranam albal-khaasim viramikkaan nirbandhithanaayi. pinneedu 1825-ll addeham thante muun sthaanathekku punasthaapikkappettu, ennaal russiayumaayulla yudhathinethiraaya ethirppu kaaranam taamasiyaathe "shhaa" (rajaavu) fatth-alii shhaa khajaarinu () anukoolatha nashtappettu. thalphalamaayi, russo-pershyan yudhathinte muzhuvan samayathum alpam-cassem mashadilekku naadukadatthappettu. oduvil addehathe veendum punasthaapikkukayum yudhasamayathu iraanikalkku dayaneeyamaaya parajayam varuthiya russiayumaayi samadhana udambadi charcha cheyyaan niyogikkukayum cheythu, kokkasasinte bhaagangalum asarbaijaaninte bhooribhaagavum (athinte pravishya thalasthaanamaaya tabris ulppede) kaivashappedutthi.
iranian sainyathinte eathaandu samboornna nashavum nikuthi chumathappetta russian aavasyangalum fatth-alii shaik abbas mirsaykkum kooduthal budhimuttukal srishtichu. fatth-alii shaayude makan khoraasaanile govarnor generalumaaya alii mirza shaja ool-salthaane, eee sahacharyam muthaleduthu puthiya kireedaavakaashiyaayi addehathe amgeekarikkaan pithaavine nirbandhichu, ennirunnaalum ithu hrasvamaayi neenduninnu. ithu abbas mirza nirmarjana-khaasamum russiayumaayulla samadhana charchakal vegathilaakkukayum thurkkmenchaay udambadiyilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. iranian pravisyakalaaya iraan, nakhjavaan, talesh ennivayude kaimaattam ulppede russiayude mikka aavasyangalum amgeekarikkappettu. karaarile mattoru padam abbas mirza iranian simhaasanathinte niyamaanusrithamaaya anantharaavakaashiyaakumennathu. charchakalil, azerbaijane nilanirthunnathinaayi russiacarkku saambathikamaayi panam thirike nalkaan polum sammathichukondu, kazhiyunnathra bhoomi veendedukkaan nirmarjana-khaasim theerumaanichirunnu. iranian parajayam rashyakkaarekkurichulla elibol-khaasiminte kaazhchappaadine maatti, iraante bhaagyathinte maattatthil addeham khedikkunna addehathinte oru "khaasidehil" prakadamaanu. iraanikalalla, marichu rashyakkaaraan kooduthal shakthiyenn addeham ippol sammathichirunnu.
athe varsham thanne fatth-alii shhaa thante priyappetta puthranmaaril oralaaya farokh-siyar mirsayude "athabak-iii asam" (adthyaapakan allengil rakshithaav) aayi albal-khaasimine niyamichu. kheyim-makhaam kudumbatheppolulla raashtrathanthranjar vazhiyaan khajaarukalkk eee muun safavid offeesine parichayamundaayirunnathu. seljuk saamraajyathile pershyan visiyaraaya nissam alle-mulkkine (maranam 1092) "athabak-iii asam", pinneedu grand visiyar ennee padavikalil addeham thante roll modalaayi kandathayi nirmarjana-khaaseminte kruthikal soochippikkunnu. 1833ll abbas mirza marichathode addehathinte mootha makan mohammed mirza simhaasanathinte puthiya anantharaavakaashiyaayi prakhyapikkappettu. 1834ll afghan nagaramaya herathinte uparodhathin neethrthwam nalkaan elib-khaasimine niyamichu. athe varsham thanne fatth-alii shaayude maranashesham, mohammed mirsayude (mohammed shhaa khajaar ennariyappettirunna) simhasanaarohanam nirthalaakkal khaasim urappu nalki.
mohammed shaayude sthaanaarohanam urappakkunnathinaayi, elib-khaasim thante anchu sahodaranmaare ardaabil nagaratthil jayililadachu. eathaanum maasangalkk sesham, "shaay" yethire goodaalochana nadathiyenna samshayam moolam khosro mirza, jahangir mirza ennee sahodaranmaare elib-khaasim andharakki. mohammed shaayude aadyathe grand visi aayi elib-khaasim maariyengilum addeham ithinakam thanne kooduthal athiraalikale nedaanum thante swaadheenam nashtappedutthaanum thudangiyirunnu. videsha, aabhyanthara sammarddangalodulla ethirppu kaaranam britiish, russian sainyangalum addehathinte kendreekarana nayathinu vendi khajaarukalile davulu vibhaagavum addehathe eshtappettilla. mohammed shaayude adthyaapakanaaya haji mirza akaasiyude (maranam 1849) preranayiloode 1835 juun 26 nuu tehranile neegaristaan kottaaratthinte guhayil shhaa elibol-khaasim kazhuthu njerichu kolappedutthi. pinneedu akasi puthiya grand visiyarakki.
adab" ("samskaaram") enna prathivaara pathratthinte sthaapakanum edittarumaaya adib ool-mamalek farahani (1917 ll antharichu) maathaapithaakkal randuperiloodeyum elibol-khaasiminte pingamiyaayirunnu.
saahityajeevitham.
addehathinte "diwan", "shirr kheem-makhaam", "monshat khem-makhaam" ennivayaanu addehathinte ettavum sradheyamaaya kruthikal.
paarambaryavum vilayiruthalum.
samakaalikavum aadhunikavumaaya charithralekhanathil nirmmarjana-casemine kriyathmakamaaya oru kaazhchappadilaanu kaanunnath. scotish sanjaariyum ezhuthukaaranumaaya jaims bailey fraser (maranam 1856) addehathe "oru yadhaartha pershyan nayathanthranjan, theekshnanum deerghaveekshanamullavanum" ennaanu visheshippikkunnathu. check ooriyantalist jaann ripka (1968 ll antharichu) addehathe "asaadhaaranamaaya budhimaanaaya cheruppakkaaran" ennum "azhiyaatheyum manyanum vishwasthanumaaya" oralaayum visheshippikkunnu."
vishishtanum purogamanavaadiyumaaya raashtreeyakkaaranaaya ameer kabir (maranam 1852) addehathe parisheelippicha elib-khaasiminte rakshaakarthruthvathiloode sarkkar sevanathil praveshichu.

