
vilyam putnam mccabe

vilyam putnam mccabe (1776-1821) irelandile oru doothanum aikya airish janathayude kalapa samoohathinte samghaadakanum aayirunnu. 1798leeii kalaapathin kaaranamayathil raajadroham aaropich onniladhikam kuttangal neritta addeham niravadhi dheeramaaya rakshappedalukalkk kaaranamaayi, ennaal aathyanthikamayi addehathinte sarkkar pinthudarunnavar francilake naadukadatthaan nirbandhithanaayi. neppoliyante anukoolathayode addeham oru puthiya yunaittad airish directoryil amgamaayi sajeevamaayi thudarnnukondu ruyanil oru parutthi factory sthaapichu. 1803ll irelandile oru puthiya valarchaye ekopippikkunnathil roobert emmettine sahayikkaan addeham pravarthichu, pinneedu spaa feeld kalaapathilum kaatto street goodaalochanayilum ulppetta landanile spenson sarkkilumayi addeham sanbarkkam pulartthi.
1814-ll irelandilekku neengiya addehathe arast cheyth porchugalilekk naadukadatthi. 1817ll addeham veendum madangiyethukayum pathinettu maasam thadavilaakkappedukayum cheythu. mccabe 1821 januvari 6 nuu paareesil vachu 46-aamm vayassil marichu.
theevravaadi kudumbam.
belfaasttile vaachu maker kottan mill pioneerumaaya thomas mccabeyudeyum aadya bhaarya jeane (nee woolsey) yudeyum moonnu puthranmaaril ilayavanaayirunnu mccabe. american viplavathodulla aaveshathinum thudarnnu pattanatthile sannadhapravarthana prasthaanatthe sajeevamakkiya franch viplavathinum anukoolamaaya oru lattittoodeeneriyan "puthiya velicham" padippichukondu rosemaryile aadyathe presbytarian palliyile amgangalaayirunnu eee kudumbam. bunker hill enna american heroyaya israel putnaminte bahumaanaarthamaanu mccabeyude madhyanamam.
1786ll sambannaraaya vyaapaarikalum padinjaaran indian adimakalaaya wadell kanningham thomas gregg thuramukhathu kappalukal kammeeshan cheyyanamenna nirddeshathe ethirkkaanum paraajayappedutthaanum sabhayile amgangaleyum mattullavareyum nagaratthil aninirathiyathil addehathinte pithaav prashasthanaayirunnu.
1791 octoberil thomas mccabe belfaasttile parishkaranatthinte mattu pramukha suhruthukkalum chernnu 'sosaitti oof yunaittad irishmen' udghaadanam cheiyunnathinaayi chennaaya swarathil koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. belfaasttinte presbetteriyan ulpradeshangalilekkum dablinilekkum catholica madhyapradeshangaliludaneelam athivegam vyaapicha samooham, irelandinu "ellah janangalkkum", catholicarc protestantinum "thulya praathinidhyam" undaayirikkenda oru paarlamentinu utharavaadithamulla oru deseeya sarkkar urappakkaan theerumaanichu.
yunaittad irishmaan.
1793 februvariyil belfaasttile pithaavinte bisinesses parisaram sainikar kollayadichathinu thottupinnaale, maanchasttarile oru tekstail aprenteeshippil ninnu cheruppakkaaranaaya mccabe thirichetthi, swantham vaakkukalil "raashtreeyathil mathramalla, nirbhagyavashaal, vedanayude mathaparamaya abhipraayangalilum ulppettirikkunnu". communication oof yunaittad irishmenil addeham pithavinoppam chernnu, aadyam saamuval neelsaninoppam prasthaanatthinte pepparaaya "northen staar" ll pravarthichu. 1793 eprilil thomas russell mccabeumaayum neelsanumaayum oru abhimukham record cheythu, athil ninnu vadakku janangal sarkkaarinethire (dablinil britiish kireedakkaaran niyamicha executive) "kopam kondu kathukayaanennu" addeham manassilakki, avar "rajyathodu (airish paarlamentil maathram prathinidheekarichirunna protestant aadhipathyam) parishkaranatthil thangalodoppam cheraan kaikal uyarthaan paramavadhi shramichu, pakshe avar visammathichu". 1793 februvariyil brittanethire franch yuddham prakhyaapichathode, aikya airish janatha franch sahaayathodeyulla oru kalapathekkurichu chinthikkaanum athinanusarichu samghadippikkaanum thudangi.
rassalinodum jemmy hoppinodum koodi mccabe alstariludaneelamulla samoohathinte oru samghaadakanaayi maari, avide 1796-ll sarkkar reportukal addehathe sosaittiyude pravishya sekrattariyaayi thiricharinju. thante saha freemasonukal vaagdaanam cheiyunna kondaakttukalum aathidhyamaryaadayum addeham pathivayi upayogichu. ennaal oru vadakkan protestant mccabeik thekk muzhuvan neengaanulla asaadhaaranamaaya kazhivundaayirunnu. britiish dveepukaliludaneelamulla thunithara vyaapaarathile yaathrakalil, mccabe praadeshika uchaaranangalude aadhipathyavum anukaranathinulla kazhivum nediyirunnu, athu addehathe veshammaran oru vidagthanaakki. mattu veshangalkoppam, oru sanjaarapravaachakan (thante prabhaashanatthinte paathivazhiyil annathe raashtreeyathekkurichu oru prabhaashanatthilekku maarunnath), oru sanyasi, oru karshakan, oru peddler, oru britiish armi recruiter (eee veshathil addeham roscomanile oru jadjiye richard dry mattu catholica prathirodhakareyum thante kastadiyilekku vittayakkaan prerippichu) ennivaye addeham etteduthu.
thante lakshyasthaanathu athiyappol, mccabe panthrand peradangunna samghangalaayi pinthunakkaare samghadippikkukayum aikya airish janathayude samghadana manasilakkaan raajyathe janangale sahayikkunnathinaayi "cheria vidyaabhyaasamulla vyakthikalkk polum avar engane pravarthikkanamennu manasilakkaan kazhiyunna vidhathil padhathikal thayyarakkukayum cheyyum.
wexfordil janicha charitrakaaranaaya luis kallan vishwasikkunnathu, kaundiyile rund "kenalukal" mathramaayirunna killaanile joonn kelly (kallante poorvvikaril oraal) manihorile thomas cloney mccabe recruit cheythathayi aanu. kalaapathin munbu kelly cloney aikya airish vamshajaraanenn sathyaprathinja cheythirunnuvenkilum, pothuve, mccabe yadhaarthathil nediya samghadanayude nilavaarathekkurichu parasparavirudhamaaya thelivukal undennu thonnunnu.
ellaatharam veshammari" yaatra cheythukondu airish offeesile sarr chaals flintinu "edward fittsjerald prabhuvinu aduthaayi, 1798 leeii kalaapathinte jeevithavum athmaavum mccabeyanennu" bodhyappettathaayi mccabeyude landanil ethiya reportukal anganeyaayirunnu.
kalapavum naadukadatthalum.
1798.
1798 meyy maasathil, kalapam pottippurappedunnathi thottumunbu, aikya airish nethaavu loard edward fittsjeraaldine akambadi vahikkunnathinidayil mccabe dablinil arasttilaayi. fittsjerald rakshappettappol, thaan jolie thedunna niraparadhiyaaya scotish neythukaaranaanennu mccabe thante thattikkondupoyavare bodhyappedutthi. thudarnnu addeham kildairile vimatharkkidayilum (avide oru sarkkar chaaran nadapadi kandathayi mccabe sammathichathayi report cheiyunnu) septambaril franch general humbertinte cheria landing fozhsinoppam maayoyilum prathyakshappettu.
1798 octoberil mccabe ireland vittu veyilsil kurachu kaalam nishabdamaayi thaamasichu. addeham (liie enna peril) oru vidhavayaya elisabath mcneil (nee lockhart) yeei vivaham kazhichu, avarkk oru makalundaayirunnu, oru makal. 1801 avasaanathinu munbu kudumbam francilake pinwangi. bhookhandathilekku purappedunnathinu munbu mccabe skotlandilekku yaatra cheyyukayum avide jorjju kottayil thadavilakkappetta aikya airish nethaakkalumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthukayum avaril thomas rassalinteyum vilyam daudaalinteyum vishwaasam nedukayum cheythu. pinneedu, oru american pasportil hambergilake yaatra cheytha addeham oduvil paareesil athunnathinumumbu loard edwardinte vidhavayaya pamela fittsjeraaldumaayi bandhapettu.
roobert emmettinoppam, karsanamaaya sainika-goodaalochana adisthaanathil samoohathe punarnirmikkaan theerumaanicha niravadhi yuva theevravaadikalil oraalaayirunnu mccabe. executive directoryaayi yogam cherunna amgangal athinte udyogasthar vyakthiparamayi thiranjedukkendathaayirunnu. punasamghadippicha samoohathinte udanadi lakshyam, irelandilum englandilum oresamayam uyarnnuvannavarodoppam veendum oru franch adhinivesham abhyarthikkuka ennathaayirunnu. pravaasatthilaayirunna puthiya yunaittad airish directoricaayi addeham lunden, maanchastar, nottingham, stockport, glasgo, paisli, belfast, doublin ennividangalil thante saannidhyathekkurichu reportukal sahitam niravadhi dauthyangal etteduthu. yunaittad airishmente aadyakaala charitrakaaranaaya aarr. aarr. 1803 februvariyil rajaavinum paarlamentinum ethiraaya goodaalochanayude chakravarty ennu aaropikkappedunna edward depard, yunaittad irishmaan, yunaittad brittan ennivarude "nirashaajanakamaaya padhathiyumaayi" madden mccabe bandhippikkunnu.
kudiyettakkaaranum doothanum.
1802-ll doublin vyaapaari philipp longumaayi sahakarichu mccabe ruyanil oru kottan mill sthaapichu. engleesh irakkumathikku pakaramaayi athinte uthppaadanathe swaagatham cheytha nepolian factory sandarshichathode 4,000 frank kambanikku nalki. fraansil ethiya airish naadukadatthappettavarude oru koodikkazhchayaayi mccabeyude sthaapanam maari, avide britiish sarkkar manassilakki, 1803 ll roobert emmettinte uyarchaye pinthunaykkunnathinaayi mccabe pariseelanam labhicha doothanmaareyum aayudangalum sambharichu.
emmettinte uyarcha paraajayappedukayum 1805 leeii trafalgarh yudhathinushesham oru franch adhiniveshathinte saadhyathakal illaathaakkukayum cheythappol mccabe britiish sarkkaarumaayi bandhapettu. landanile eliyans offeesinte thalavanaaya sarr chaals flintinte hoome oafees pepparukal anusarichu, alsttaril janicha castlerag prabuvinum kaastlaraaginte pingamiyaaya arther velleslick irelandinte cheef sekrattariyaayi vaagdaanam cheythukondu franch sarkkaarinodulla (nepolian sthiratha paalichilla, irelandil allah, haittiyude punar adimathathil) mccabe thante mohabhangam prakadippichu. pradhaanamanthriyude swakaarya sekrattariyaaya vilyam dacker aadams vazhiyum addeham vilyam pittine sameepichu. englandineyum scotlandineyum sambandhichidatholam charchakal addehathe naadukadatthunnathil kurachu elavu nalkiyengilum ireland nirodhichu.
eratta ejanto?
paareesile naadukadatthappettavaril oralaaya arther oo 'connor 1807ll markvis dii contorsettinte makalumaayulla vivaahathethudarnnu oru naadan vasathi nedunnathinaayi mccabeyil ninnu panam kadam vaangi. ruyanil parutthi nool nirmmaanathinulla nikshepam parajayappetta mccabeyude kadam thirichadaykkunnathil ooo 'connor kaalathamasam varuthiyathinaal niyama nadapadikalkku kaaranamaayi (mccabeyude makal elisabath nesbitt addehathinte maranashesham ithu thudarendathaayirunnu). ooo 'connor pinneedu aarr enna nirddeshathinu pinnil kadamaanennu kaathal ooo' braine soochippikkunnu. aarr. mccabe oru eratta ejantaayirunnuvennu bhraanthan, ithinu franch sarkkar oru vishwaasyathayum nalkiyillennu madden kurikkunnu.
1948 ll emmettinte jeevacharithrathil, helen landreth, ooo 'konarumaayulla mccabeyude bandhathekkurichu valare vyathyasthamaaya oru vivaranam nalkunnu. mccabe eratta edapaadinulla thelivukal franchukaarude pakkalundennu avar nirddeshikkunnu, pakshe aaa ooo 'connor addehathinu vendi madhyasthatha vahichu. 1802 muthal iruvarum vilyam pitt anuvadicha oru plottinte ejantumaaraayirunnuvennum (pinneedu adhikaarathil ninnu puratthaayirunnu, pakshe addeham pradhaanamanthriyaayi madangivarumennu pratheekshichirunnuvennum) cheef sekrattari vilyam vikkamum under sekrattari alexander marsden doublin kottayil ninnu nirddeshichathaayum avar samshayikkunnu. oru franch adhiniveshathinu munnodiyaayi pravarthichu phalapradamaaya kalaapathinulla saadhyathakalil maarakamaayi vittuveezhcha cheyyaan irelandile ettavum apakadakarikalaaya asamthripthare prolsaahippikkunnathiyunu ithu. irelandile saahacharyangalekkurichu mccabeyude thettaaya vivaranavum ooo 'konarinte prothsaahanavum vazhi oru uyarcha samghadippikkunnathinaayi paareesil ninnu veettilekku konduvanna avarude ariyaatha upakaranamaayirunnu emmettu.
landreth ezhuthunnu, "1818ll dablinile gaavalil thaamasikkukayum deerghakaalamaayi subsidy jeevanakkaranaayi vividha sarkkarukal ezhuthukayum cheiyunnathuvare mccabe oru sarkkar ejantaayirunnuvennathinu rekhaamoolamulla thelivukalonnumilla. ennaal avar thante srothassukal udharikkukayo udharikkukayo cheiyunnilla. emettu jeevacharithrakaaran patrick jiogegan landrethinte vaadam poornnamaayum saahacharyaparavum vishwaasayogyamallaathumethu kandethunnu.
avasaanathe goodaalochana bandhangal.
1814-nte thudakkathil, ooo 'konarinoppam thante suit pinthudarunnathinaayi mccabe dablinilekku madangi. addehathe arast cheyth landanilekku maattukayum avide hoome offeesil chodyam cheyyukayum cheythu. thante nashicha bhagyam oru paridhivare punasthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu eaka kaaranamenn vaadicha addehathe naadukadatthukayum porchugalinaayi oru kappalil kayattukayum cheythu. 1817-ll mccabe thante makalkkoppam veendum irelandilekku madangiyethiyenkilum, addehathe antharicha pithaavinte estettil ninnu vettikkuraykkaan aagrahicha addehathinte randaanamma addehathe apalapichu. aarogyathe durbalappeduthiya saahacharyangalil addeham pathinettu maasam kilmainhamile jaililaayirunnu.
suhruthukkal addehathe mochippikkaan apekshichappol, addeham swantham bisinessil maathramaan yaatra cheythathenna apekshayil, aabhyanthara sekrattari marupadi nalkki 'misttar mccabe orikkalum englandinteyo irelandinteyo oru bhaagathum poyittilla ennathu sathyamaayirikkam; pakshe, raajaavinte aadhipathyathinte eathu bhaagathum swantham bisinesses addehathe konduvannalum, chila pothu aswasthathakal undaakumenn valare asaadhaaranamaayirunnu. 1819ll arast cheyyappetta udyogasthare ozhivaakkikkond samgharshangal nadanna glassgoyil veendum prathyakshappettu. 1820 maarchil nagaratthil theevravaadi yuddham ennu vilikkappedunna oraazhchathe panimudakku nadannu.
1816 desemberil spaa feeld kalapavum lunden gopuram pidichedukkaan sramichathum 1820 februvariyil loard castlerag ulppedeyulla britiish manthrisabhayile amgangale vadikkaanulla kaatto street goodaalochanayum. 1814 ll eee sambhavangalil ulppetta eee spenson sarkilile niravadhi amgangal paareesile airish kudiyettakkaarumaayi bandhappettathayi franch police reportukal undu, athil mccabe (aparanamam "kaatto") ulppedunnu. ithu mccabeyude landanilekkulla rahasya thirichuvaravinum 1816 desember 2 nuu nadanna kalaapashramathil addehathinte saannidhyathinum kaaranamaayathaayi reportund. 
1821 januvari 6nuu paareesil vachu mccabe marikkukayum avide vaugiraard semitheriyil samskarikkappedukayum cheythu.

