
syrian oorthadoox sabhayude roopathakal

patthaam noottaandil, athinte ettavum valia vipuleekarana kaalaghattatthil, syrian oorthadoox sabhaykku ekadesham 20 metropolittan roopathakalum nooriladhikam vottar roopathakalum undaayirunnu. pathinezhaam noottaandode 20 roopathakal maathrame avasheshichirunnulloo, irupathaam noottaandil athu 10 aayi churungi. anthiyokyayude syrian yaadhaasthithika paathriyarkkeesinte sthaanam onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbu mardinilum athinusesham deer saafaaranilum 1932 muthal homesilum oduvil 1959 muthal damascasilum aayirunnu.
arab adhiniveshangalkk munbulla syrian oorthadoox sabha.
aaram noottaandil syrian yaadhaasthithika prasthaanam aarambhichappol, kristhyan lokam anchu purushaadhipathyangalaayi samghadippikkappettu roome, constantinoppil, anthiyokya, alexandria, jerusalem. syrian yaadhaasthithika prasthaanam thudakkathil roman saamraajyathinte kizhakkan pravisyakalil, anthiyokyayileyum jarusalemileyum purushaadhipathyathinte pradeshathu parimithappedutthiyirunnu. syrian yaadhaasthithika kristhyaanikal thangalude sabhaye anthiyokyayude niyamaanusrithamaaya purushaadhipathyamaayi vibhavanam cheyyukayum ithinakam nilavilulla sreniye thanippakarppakkaan sramikkukayum cheythathayi thonnunnu.
khaleefayude keezhilulla syrian oorthadoox sabha.
aaram noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil nooriladhikam syrian oorthadoox roopathakalum aayiratholam bishappumarum saakshyappeduthiyittundu. panthrandaam noottaandil samaaharicha syrian vamshajanaaya maikkelinte pattikakalaanu eee roopathaavinteyum bishappukaludeyum pradhana uravidangal. mattu niravadhi roopathakaleyum bishappumareyum mattu saahitya srothassukalil, prathyekichu pathimoonnaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil ezhuthiya baar hebreyasinte kruthikalil paraamarsikkunnundu. maikkal dhii syrian allengil baar hebrius ennivarkku ariyaatha niravadhi bishappukale avasheshikkunna padinjaaran syrian kayyezhuthuprathikalude colophonukalil paraamarsikkunnu.
syria.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu thekkan syriayil, phoeneeshya libaneshyayile chalsedonian pravisyayum euphratansis pravishyayude thekkan bhaagavum ulkkollunna pradeshangalil ettu syrian oorthadoox roopathakal vividha kaalaghattangalil nilavilundayirunnathaayi ariyappedunnu. ezhaam noottaandil aadyamaayi saakshyappeduthiya damascasil oru syrian oorthadoox roopatha undaayirunnu. pathinalam noottaand vare nilaninnirunna roopatha pathinanjaam noottaandilum athinusheshavum aswasthathakalillaathe thudarnna churukkam chila syrian oorthadoox roopathakalil onnaayirunnuvenn thonnunnu. emeza (hoams), palmyra (tadmore) ennivaykkum syriac oorthadoox diosisukal undaayirunnu. onpathaam noottaandil theeradesha thuramukhamaaya lavodicia (lathakia) ykkayi oru kshanika jacobite roopathayum panthrandaam noottaandil damascasinum homesin edayilulla oru pattanamaya sadadinu oru kshanika jacobite roopathayum undaayirunnu.
ezhaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya heliopolisinu (balbeck) oru syriac oorthadoox roopathayum pathinonnam noottaandilum panthrandaam noottaandilum saakshyappeduthiya homsinaduthulla kfar tabinu oru roopathayum undaayirunnu. ariyappedunna chalsedonian diosisukalulla (salamias, evaria, ibruda, abila, chonochora) phoeneeshya libaneshyayile mattu pattanangalile syriac oorthadoox bishappumaarude oru rekhayum nilanilkunnilla, ennirunnaalum ibrudaykku theerchayaayum oru syriac oorthadoox community undaayirunnu. chalsedonian pravisyayaaya yoofrattansisinte thekkan bhaagathe sambandhichidatholam onpathaam noottaandilum patthaam noottaandilum oru syriac oorthadoox roopatha sergiopolis (resafa) aanennu saakshyappeduthiyittundu.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu vadakkan syriayil vividha kaalaghattangalil onpathu syrian oorthadoox roopathakal nilavilundayirunnathaayi ariyappedunnu. ettaam noottaandil oru metropolittan aasthaanamaayirunna apemiya roopatha ezhaam noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiyiriknu; ettaam noottaandilum onpathaam noottaandilum selyushya pearia; ezhaam noottaandilum pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum beroya (aleppo); ettaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum idayil beth balesh; ettaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum idayil sirhaz; ettaam noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum idayil kenneshrin; onpathaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil mabbagh; ettaam noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum idayil gishra; pathinonnam noottaandilum panthrandaam noottaandilum karshena (goodpy).
athanasius naalaamante (987-1003) bharanakaalathu gishra roopatha mabbugh roopathayil ulppeduthukayum mabbugh 1155-ll komajeen jillayile marash roopathayil ulppeduthukayum cheythu. alappo ozhikeyulla eee roopathakalilonnum pathinalam noottaandinte aadya varshangalkk sesham nilanilkkaan saadhyathayilla. pathinaram noottaandinte aadya varshangal muthal alappoyude bishappumaarude eathaandu thakarkkappedaatha pinthudarcha saakshyappeduthiyittundum, pathinalam noottaandilo pathinanjaam noottaandilo alappoyude bishappumaare ariyilla. 1298ll saakshyappeduthiya alappo roopatha athinte bishop mikhaayil marichathinushesham kaalaharanappettathaayum pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil maathrame punarujjeevippikkapedumbledum thonnunnu.
palestine.
ettaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil palastheenil rund sthirathayulla syrian oorthadoox roopathakalundaayirunnu, onnu gollen mekhalaykkum (avarude bishappukal aadyam panniyasilum pinneedu tiberiasilum irunnu) mattonn jerusaleminum. ezhaam noottaandilum ettaam noottaandilum philipeesile siseriyayude classical nagaramaya panniyasilum onpathaam noottaandilum patthaam noottaandilum pathinonnam noottaandilum tiberiasilum golaanile syrian oorthadoox bishappukal thaamasichirunnu. ettaam noottaandinte thudakkathil thanne oru syrian yaadhaasthithika bishappinte aasthaanamaayirunnu jarusalem. syrian maikkalinte pattikakalil ulppettirunna mikka kaalayalavilum rund roopathakalkkum metropolittan bishappumaraayirunnu undaayirunnathu. panthrandaam noottaandil tiberias roopatha kaalaharanappettuvenkilum 1240ll muslimkal jarusalem thirichupidichathinu sesham niravadhi pathittaandukalaayi tripolisil bishappukal thaamasichirunna jerusalem roopatha pathinalam noottaand vare nilaninnirunnathayi thonnunnu. pathimoonnaam noottaandil crusader shakthikendramaaya ekkaril oru hraswakaala syrian oorthadoox roopathayum sthaapikkappettu, 1291 ll ekkar maamlukkukalkk veenathinushesham athu theerchayaayum illaathaayi.
silishya.
silishyayile vividha kaalaghattangalil pathinonnu vyathyastha syrian oorthadoox roopathakal saakshyappeduthiyittundu, avayil ettavum pradhaanappettath tarses, adana, anaserbus ennivayaanennu thonnunnu. ezhaam noottaandil oru syriac oorthadoox roopathayaayi aadyamaayi paraamarshikkappedunna silishya praimayile chalsedonian pravishyayile metropolisaaya tarses, pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare oru syriac oorthadoox bishappinteo metropolitanteyo aasthaanamaayi nilaninnu, ithrayum kaalam nilaninnirunnathayi thonnunna eaka silishyan roopatha. ezhaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil adaanayileyum anaserbusileyum syriac oorthadoox bishappumarum pinneedu metropolittanmaarum saakshyappeduthiyittundu. ezhaam noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya mattu syrian oorthadoox roopathakalil citidiopolis (ezhaam noottaand), hamam (onpathaam noottaand muthal panthrandaam noottaand vare), haansit (onpathaam noottaand), kinisa (onpathaam noottaand), iranopolis (onpathaam noottaand, patthaam noottaand) enniva ulppedunnu.
roman saamraajyathinte athirthi pravishya enna nilayil, yudhathinte vyathyastha bhagyam silikia baadhichu, pilkkaalatthe moonnu roopathakal arabikalkkethiraaya kristhyan vijayangale prathiphalippichu. patthaam noottaandil syriac oorthadoox kristhyaanikal silikkiyayude oru bhagam sthirathaamasamaakkukayum eee kaalayalavil srishticha gihon roopatha panthrandaam noottaand vare nilanilkkukayum cheythu. athinte bishappukal barrid aashramathil irunnu, roopathaye chilappol 'gihon aandu barrid' ennu vilikkunnu. kizhakkan silishyayile kalinagile oru syriac oorthadoox roopatha pathinonnam noottaandil saakshyappeduthiyittundu. pathimoonnaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil, annu armeniyan bharanathin keezhil, sisinaayi oru syrian oorthadoox roopatha sthaapikkappettu, avarude bishappukal saadhaaranayaayi gaavikath aashramathil thaamasichirunnu. pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanathode sis bishappumaril oraal pathriyarshipp padavi avakaashappedukayum pathinanjaam noottaand vare nilaninna oru gothrapithruvrindam sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
kappadoshya.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu kappadoshyayil vividha kaalaghattangalil pathinezh syrian oorthadoox roopathakal nilavilundayirunnathaayi ariyappedunnu. onpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal oru metropolittan aasthaanamaayi thonnunna meliteen roopatha ezhaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiyittundu; patthaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil simandu (oru metropolittante aasthaanavum); ettaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum idayil suptara; onpathaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil gubos klisura; patthaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil arkha, gargar, lakhaabin, klaudiya; pathinonnam noottaandilum panthrandaam noottaandilum tell patrick; pathinonnam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil hiin mansoor, hiin siyad (harpat), semha; panthrandaam noottaandilum pathimoonnaam noottaandilum kappadosiyayile siseriya; pathimoonnaam noottaandil guma. patthaam noottaandinte avasaanathode arabissasinum panthrandaam noottaandil romanaykkum shanikamaaya roopathakalum undaayirunnu. gargar hiin siyad ozhikeyulla eee roopathakalil eathenkilum pathinalam noottaand vare nilaninnirunno ennu samshayamundu. gargaarinteyum hiin siyaadinteyum roopathakal yathaakramam pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathilum pathinanjaam noottaandinte madhyathilum veendum saakshyappeduthiyittundum punarujjeevippikkadikkir, kaaranam oru roopathayude bishappumararum oru noottaandilere kaalam ariyappedunnilla.
komajin.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu komajeen jillayil ombathu syrian oorthadoox roopathakal nilavilundayirunnathaayi ariyappedunnu. ettaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal oru metropolittan aasthaanamaayi thonnunna samosatta roopatha aaram noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiyittundu; ezhaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil germanisia (marash); ettaam noottaandinum onpathaam noottaandinum idayil yoorim; onpathaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum idayil dolikh; ettaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum idayil hadath; ettaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil kaish; onpathaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil syoogma; pathinonnam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil raban; panthrandaam noottaandile tell basheer (kurishuyudha pradeshathe oru kshanika roopatha). eee roopathakalil eathenkilum pathinalam noottaand vare nilaninnirunno ennu samshayamundu.
ausrooyin.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu ezhu syrian oorthadoox roopathakal ausroyinil nilavilundennu ariyappedunnu ezhaam noottaandinum pathinalam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya edessayude metropolittan roopatha; ettaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil onpathaam noottaandil oru metropolittan aasthaanamaayi marria calinicus (raakha); ettaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil saroog (butna); ezhaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil harran; panthrandaam noottaandil sibaberek (severek); ettaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil khaboor; ezhaam noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum idayil tella dii mousalathu (purathana konstanteena, aadhunika viransehir). eee roopathakalonnum pathinalam noottaand vare nilaninnirunnathayi thonnunnilla.
athinidayil.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu eee pradeshathu naalu ganyamaaya syrian oorthadoox roopathakal nilavilundennu ariyappedunnu ezhaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya madhyakaala, maiperkhathu roopathakal; onpathaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya arsamosaatta roopatha; pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanathil aadyamaayi paraamarshichirunna hattaakh roopatha. ettaam noottaandinte madhyathil eathaanum varshangal maathram nilaninnirunna, idatharam roopathayil ninnu kuzhicheduttha, pathriarchese ivanis onnaaman (740-55) nirmmicha, oru kshanika roopathayaaya asparin bishappineyum baar hebrius paraamarsikkunnu. amidin maiperkhathinumulla roopatha pathinalam noottaand vare nilaninnu. 1293ll aadyamaayi paraamarshichirunna hattaakh roopathayekkurichu 1479 vare veendum paraamarshichittilla, pathinalam noottaand vare athijeevicho atho pinneedu punarujjeevippicho ennu vyakthamalla.
arsun.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu arsun mekhalayil moonnu sthirathayulla syrian oorthadoox roopathakalundaayirunnu ezhaam noottaandinum panthrandaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya arsun; onpathaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya armenia (akhlaath); ettaam noottaandil aadyamaayi saakshyappeduthiya hesnah dii kifa. ettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil 'armeniyayude nagaram' enna peril kalinkaala (purathana theodosiopolis, aadhunika erserum) enna peril oru hraswakaala roopathayum sthaapikkappettu. patthaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil lake vaan theerathulla oru nagaramaya vaasttan oru jacobite roopatha koodiyaayirunnuvenkilum pathinonnam noottaand vare nilaninnirunnathayi thonnunnilla.
mardin.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu mardin jillayil vividha kaalaghattangalil naalu sthirathayulla syrian oorthadoox roopathakal nilavilundennu ariyappedunnu. ezhaam noottaandilaanu mardin roopatha aadyamaayi saakshyappeduthunnathu, athu innuvare thadassamillaathe nilanilkkunnu. ettaam noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya tell beshme roopatha panthrandaam noottaandil eathaanum pathittaandukalaayi punarujjeevippikkappedu. ezhaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum edayilulla rishaina roopathayum ettaam noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum edayilulla rish kipa roopathayum saakshyappeduthiyittundu. saadhaaranayaayi mardinumaayi bandhappettirikkunna kafarthuthayude oru kshanika roopatha ezhaam noottaandil saakshyappeduthiyittundum pinneedu punarujjeevippikkadikkir; pathimoonnaam noottaandil baagdashiyaykku orotta bishop saakshyappeduthiyittundu. panthrandaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil daara, nisibis, harran, khabur, karthutha, tell beshme ennee roopathakal eee mekhalayile kristhyaanikalude ennathil kuthane idivundaayathinaal mardin roopathayumaayi thaalkkaalikamaayi ikyappettu. mardin ozhike, eee roopathakalil eathenkilum pathinalam noottaand vare nilaninnirunno ennu samshayamundu.
nisibis.
nisibis mekhalayil nisibis, daara, maar ennivaykku roopathakalundaayirunnu.
thurr abdul.
syrian oorthadoox sabhayude charithratthil pilkkala kendra praadhaanyam undaayirunnittum, pathimoonnaam noottaandinu munbu turabdinile rund syrian oorthadoox roopathakal maathrame nilavilundaayirunnulla. maar gabriyal (cartmin abbe) enna prashasthamaaya aashramathil bishappukal irikkunna cartmin roopatha aaram noottaand muthal saakshyappeduthunnu; pathinonnam noottaand muthal haah graamathinaduthulla kurishinte aashramathil bishappukal irikkunna thurr abdin roopatha. aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunna vidhathil, eee rund roopathakaludeyum bishappukal palappozhum 'thurr abdin' enna padavi vahichirunnu. pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanathode moonnaamathe roopatha undaayirunnu, athinte bishappukal salah graamathinaduthulla vishramasthanaaya maar yaakkobinte aashramathil irunnu, naaliloraal, avarude bishappukal soro graamathinaduthulla maar abay aashramathil irunnu. niravadhi noottaandukalaayi nilaninnirunna saalayudeyum soroyudeyum roopathakal yathaakramam 1283 lum 1312 lum vishwasaneeyamaayi saakshyappeduthiyittundu, koodaathe eee roopathakalude aaram noottaandileyum ezhaam noottaandileyum bishappukalekkurichulla hagiyographikalil paraamarshangal vishwasikkaan kazhiyilla.
iraakh.
aaram noottaandinte avasaanathinu munbu amadia mekhalayil sthaapithamaaya rund syrian oorthadoox roopathakalaaya beth nuhadra, gumal enniva maafriyanmaarude adikaaraparidhiyil sthaapicha roopathakalil ulppedunnu. thudakkathil dheer jundikkaduthulla nardos aashramathilum pinneedu dohukkinaduthulla maaltha pattanatthilum bishappukal irunna beth nuhadra roopatha aaram noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil, saadhaaranayaayi beth nuhadra enna peril, ennaal idaykkide maaltha enna peril saakshyappeduthunnu. marga jilla ulkkollunnathayi thonnunna gumal roopatha aaram noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiyittundum pathimoonnaam noottaand vare nilaninnirikkaam. 1284ll vishudhanaaya beth nuhadrayile avasaanathe bishappin oru pingaamiyundaakaan saadhyathayilla.
ezhaam noottaandil maar mattaay aashramathil bishappukal irunna mosool mekhalaykkayi oru roopatha sthaapikkappettu. eee roopatha innum oru vichedanavumillaathe nilaninnirunnathayi thonnunnu. onpathaam noottaandil gasarthaykkaayi oru roopathayum sthaapikkappettu.
aaram noottaandinum pathinalam noottaandinum idayil beth arabaye mekhalayil yathaakramam balad, shigger (sinchar) enniva kendreekarichu rund syrian oorthadoox roopathakal nilavilundennu ariyappedunnu. aaram noottaandinte avasaanathode maafriyanmaarude adikaaraparidhiyil sthaapicha syrian oorthadoox roopathakalil pettavaraayirunnu avar. aaram noottaandinum onpathaam noottaandinum idayilum panthrandaam noottaandinum pathinalam noottaandinum idayilum beth arabayeyile niravadhi bishappukal saakshyappeduthiyittundu. beth arabaye', 'balad' allengil 'maar sargisinte ashramam' ennivayude vividha shailiyilulla bishappumaraayirunnu avar, orupakshe balaadinaduthulla maar sargisinte aashramathil thaamasichirunnavaraayirikkam. 630num 818num idayil niravadhi shigger bishappukal saakshyappeduthiyittundum 1277 vare roopathayekkurichu paraamarsikkappettilla. madhyakaalakhattathil shigger beth arabaye bishappumaarude adhikaaraparidhiyilaayirunnu. balaadinteyum shigarinteyum roopathakal pathinalam noottaand vare nilaninnu.
erbil mekhalayil beth rahman, beth vaasikh (ezhaam noottaand muthal pathimoonnaam noottaand vare), shahrzoor ennivarkku roopathakalundaayirunnu. pathimoonnaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil beth seideyile erbil graamatthilum parisaratthum sthirathaamasamaakkiya mosool mekhalayil ninnulla syriac oorthadoox abhayaarthikalkkaayi beth takshur (mosoolinaduthulla oru syriac oorthadoox graamam) enna peril oru "adhock" roopatha srishtichu.
madhya iraakhil onpathaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil abbazid khilaafathinte thalasthaanamaaya baagdaadinte oru syriac oorthadoox roopatha saakshyappeduthiyittundu. tagrit, karmma (ezhaam noottaand muthal pathimoonnaam noottaand vare), bahrin, piros shabar, karsaback, akula, bunny taglib arabukal (ezhaam noottaand muthal patthaam noottaand vare) ennivaykkaayi syrian oorthadoox roopathakalum undaayirunnu.
iraanum madhya eshyayum.
padinjaaran iraanil adarbaigan, tabris ennee mathavibhagangal undaayirunnu.
pathinalam noottaandinu munbu kizhakkan iraanilum madhya eshyayilum naalu ganyamaaya syrian oorthadoox roopathakal nilavilundennu ariyappedunnu ezhaam noottaandinum pathimoonnaam noottaandinum idayil saakshyappeduthiya sarang (allengil segastaan); ettaam noottaandinum patthaam noottaandinum idayil caspian kadalinu thekk gurgan (pinneedu abaaskan ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu); ettaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum idayil segastaanile aapra; ettaam noottaandinum pathinonnam noottaandinum edayilulla herat.
mattu rund roopathathvangal oru thavana maathrame paraamarshichittulloo, avaa shanikamaayirikkaam. onpathaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthiyil syriakkaaranaaya mikkilinte pattikayil aprayil ninnum herathil ninnum verthirichariyaan kazhiyunna, praadeshikavalkkarikkatha khoraasan roopathaye paraamarsikkunnundu. beth parseyude roopatha (aksharaarthatthil, 'pershyakkaarude raajyam') athe kaalayalavile syriakkaaranaaya maikkelinte pattikayil ulppedunnu, kizhakkan iraanile dauviliyar thaalkkaalikamaayi praadeshikavalkkarichu.
shanikavum praadeshikavalkkarikkathu diosisukal.
ezhaam noottaandil ibiding (isouriyayil), onpathaam noottaandil juuniya (lebanon), gulia (meliteen jillayil), cuffer baatt (praadeshikavalkkarikkatha), cuffer kila (lebanonil), patthaam noottaandil hallis (vadakkukizhakkan turkeyil), hassasa (tagrithinu sameepam), goodpy (thekkan turkey), hauran (jordanumaayulla syrian athirthikkaduthulla), pathinonnam noottaandil hessa (maiperkhathinaduthulla), panthrandaam noottaandil hiin jabar (iraakhile euphratesil) ennivayulppede niravadhi syrian yaadhaasthithika roopatha shanikamaanennu thonnunnu.
maikkil dhii siriyante pattikayil paraamarshichirikkunna niravadhi syrian yaadhaasthithika roopathakal ekadesham praadeshikavalkkarikkaan polum kazhiyilla harara (685-ll saakshyappeduthiya), dirig (ettaam noottaandinte avasaanam), deboraita (onpathaam noottaand), dula (onpathaam noottaandum patthaam noottaandum), helbon (onpathaam noottaand muthal pathinonnam noottaand vare), khaadmanaaye (ettaam noottaandum onpathaam noottaandum), shalabdin (panthrandaam noottaand).
mangolian kaalaghattatthilum mangolian kaalaghattatthinu sheshavumulla syrian oorthadoox sabha.
pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanam syrian oorthadoox sabhaye badhikkunna oru kaalaghattamaayirunnuvennu vyakthamaan. baar hebreyasinte oru prashasthamaaya bhagam anusarichu, 1270-kalil niravadhi syriac oorthadoox diosisukal janavasam illaathaakkappettu, chilath (ellaam allengilum) orikkalum veendeduthirikkilla
mattu palareyum pole enikkum oru pithaavaakanam enna aagrahamundengilum, kizhakk pala roopathakalum nasippikkappettathinaal niyamanathil enthaanu mohikkendathu? njaan anthiyokyayil ente hridayam vekkano, neduveerppukalum njarakkangalum enne evide kandumuttum? atho mathilil moothramozhikkaan aarum avasheshikkaatha gumal roopathayo? atho aleppo, mabbugh, calinicus, edessa, haaran ennivayellaam upekshikkappettathaano? allengil meliteeninu chuttumulla ezhu roopathakalaaya lacabin, arkha, khlisura, semha, gubos, klaudiya, gargar-oru aathmaav avasheshikkaathidathu?
kizhakk sabhayilennapole, mesopotemiyayile niravadhi syrian yaadhaasthithika roopathakal pathinalam noottaandil avasanichathaayi thonnunnu. pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanathil nilaninnirunna aarr syrian oorthadoox roopathakal maathrame pathinaram noottaand vare nilaninnirunnulloo damascus, gazarta, hahh, mardin, cartmin ennivaykkidayil. hoams, jerusalem, aleppo (pathinalam noottaandilum pathinanjaam noottaandilum oru bishop ariyappedaatha), maar mattaay ashramam (pathimoonnaam noottaandil muzhuvan oru bishop ariyappedaatha), gargar (pathimoonnaam noottaandil muzhuvan oru bishop ariyappedaatha), hiin siyad (pathinalam noottaandil muzhuvan oru bishop ariyappedaatha), maiperkhathu thudangiya mattu roopathakalum aswasthatha koodaathe thudarnnirikkaam, ennaal nilavil urappayi parayaan mathiyaya thelivukalilla, avayellaam deerghakaalathekku kaalaharanappettathin sesham punarujjeevippikkadikkir. 1283ll nagaratthile janasamkhya kuranjathinushesham edessa roopatha avasanichathaayi thonnunnu, pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil edessa garger metropolitans enna padaviyil ulppeduthi.
pathinalam noottaandil iraakhile niravadhi roopathakal avasaanichu, chilath timur lenginte bhayanakamaaya akramanangalil aayirikkam. 1330-ll beth arabayeyudeyum sincharinteyum roopathakal samyojippikkukayum orupakshe balaadinaduthulla maar sargisinte aashramathil thaamasichirunna maar sargisinteyum sincharinteyum oru bishappinte prathishtayum cheythu. eee roopathayekkurichu veendum paraamarsikkappettilla, pathinaram noottaandode beth arabaye mekhalayil avasheshikkunna cheria syrian yaadhaasthithika samoohangal thurr abdinile bishappumaarude adhikaarathin keezhil vannu, avar idaykkide avarude thalakkettukalil sincher ulppeduthiyittundu.
ennirunnaalum, chithram muzhuvan niraashaajanakamaayirunnil. pathimoonnaam noottaandinum pathinaram noottaandinum idayil niravadhi yaakkobait roopathakal srishtikkappedukayo punarujjeevippikkappedu cheythu, prathyekichu thurr abdin mekhalayil, ithu kooduthalaayi syrian oorthadoox sabhayude hridayabhoomiyaayi maari. munbu orikkalum oru yaakkobit bishappinte aasthaanamaayirunnillaatha lebanonil, pathinanjaam noottaandilum pathinaram noottaandilum rund jacobit diosesukal saakshyappeduthiyittundu, onnu hamaykkum hardinum mattonn trypolic. pathimoonnaam noottaandil cypressil thudakkathil jacobite abhayaarthikalkkum pinneedu mosool mekhalayil ninnulla jacobite vyaapaarikalkkumaayi oru jacobite roopatha sthaapikkappettu, ithu edaykkideyulla laattin peedanangalkkidayilum pathinezhaam noottaand vare thudarnnu. pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathode vadakkan mesopotemiyayil madanum pathinanjaam noottaandinte madhyathode sargalinum (maar khuriyaakosu aashramathil bishappukal irikkunna) puthiya roopathakal srishtikkappettu. nebekkinaduthulla ethiopian maar musheyude ashramam 1556-ll punasthaapikkukayum taamasiyaathe oru bishappinte aasthaanamaayi maarukayum cheythu.
mangolian kaalaghattatthilum mangolian kaalaghattatthinu sheshavum thurr abdin mekhalayil anchu roopathakal srishtikkappettu. 1283ll aadyamaayi paraamarsikkappettathum pathimoonnaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil srishtikkappettathumaaya maar yacob sanyasi aashramathil bishappukal irikkunna salah roopatha. maar abai aashramathil bishappukal irikkunna soro roopathayekkurichu aadyamaayi paraamarshikkunnath 1312laanu. moonnaamathe roopathayaaya beth rishe, addehathinte bishappukal habab graamathinaduthulla maar malke aashramathil irunnu, pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanathinu munbu saakshyappeduthiyittundu. pathinalam noottaandil maardinaduthulla naattfa enna naalaamathe roopatha srishtikkappedukayum pathonpathaam noottaand vare nilanilkkukayum cheythu. pathinalam noottaandil midyathinaayi oru puthiya roopatha roopeekarichathaayi thonnunnu. pathinonnam noottaandil kaalaharanapetta syrian oorthadoox roopathayaaya hesnah dii kifa roopathayude thalakkettil ulppedunnu, athinte bishappukal midyathinaduthulla maar abrahaaminte aashramathilaano atho hesnah dii kifaykkaduthulla kurishinte aashramathilaano irunnathennu vyakthamalla. pathinaram noottaandinte avasaanathode roopatha vibhajikkapettu, athinusesham midyathinum hesnah dii kifaykkum svanthamaayi bishappukal undaayirunnu, hesnah dii kiphayile bishappukal alle-ithaafiyayile kurishinte aashramathil irunnu.
valarekkaalamaayi maar mattaay aashramathinte orotta roopatha maathramundaayirunna mosool mekhalayil, pathinaram noottaandinte madhyathil oru puthiya roopatha srishtikkappettu, athinte bishappukal beth khudaidaykku (kharaakosh) sameepamulla maar behnaminte aashramathil irunnu.
pathinaram noottaandode chila perukal prathyeka roopathakalumaayi thaarathamyena uracha bandhamullavayayi maarukayum avarude bishappukal mikkavarum sthiramaayi sweekarikkukayum cheythu. udaaharanathinu, yohannan enna peru cartmin roopathayodum dionysius aleppoyodum bandhappettirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandile syrian oorthadoox sabha.
1792-lum 1793-lum mosoolinaayi oru prathyeka syriac oorthadoox roopatha roopatha roopatha srishtichu, 1790-ll mosoolinaayi oru syriac catholica bishop prathishtichathinu marupadiyaayi, ithuvare maar mattaay roopathayude adikaaraparidhiyil aayirunnu.
1840-kalil, kizhakkan syriakkaaril ninnu purathana aashramamaaya maar oogin veendeduthathinu thottupinnaale, syrian oorthadoox sabha pazhaya roopathayaaya nisibis punarujjeevippichu. onnaam lokamahaayudham aarambhikkunnath vare nisibisile naalu syrian oorthadoox bishappukal maar ooggin aashramathil irunnu.
irupathaam noottaandile syrian oorthadoox sabha.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathil mardin, ghazarta ennividangalile syriac oorthadoox roopathakal nasippikkappettu (gazaarthayile syriac oorthadoox bishappaya dioscorus baar soma, 1915 ll tarkkukalum avarude kurdish sahaayikalum kolappeduthiya syriac oorthadoox shreniyile amgangalil oraalaayirunnu), yudhathinushesham avaa punarujjeevippikkappettilka.
1921ll turkkiyil ninnu siriyayude puthiya franch maandettilekku valia thothil syrian yaadhaasthithika abhayaarthikal kudiyeri. thalphalamaayi, hazake, amuda, raas alle-ainn ennivaykku chuttumulla jillakalile syrian abhayaarthi janasamkhyaye 1929 ll aleppo, jaseera, khabur ennee padavi sweekaricha aleppoyile bishop athanasius thomas sirinte adikaaraparidhiyil konduvannu. 1933ll eee jillakal verpeduthi jaseerayudeyum khaboorinteyum (1943ll jaseera, euphrates ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu) oru prathyeka roopathayaayi samghadippichu, avarude bishappukal hazake pattanatthil irunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham syrian oorthadoox sabha americayileyum europileyum pravaasikalkkayi niravadhi roopathakalum purushaadhipathya vikaariyattukalum sthaapichittundu. amerikkayil 1957ll vadakke amerikkaykkum kaanadaykkum vendi oru roopathayum 1982ll brazilinum arjanteenaykkum vendi purushaadhipathya vikaariyattukalum sthaapichu. europil 1977ll sabha central europinteyum beneluxinteyum roopathayum 1978ll sweeden, scandinavia ennivayude roopathayum sthaapichu. 1987ll yunaittad kingdatthinaayi oru prathyeka roopatha srishtikkappettu, munbu sweeden roopathayude bhaagamaayirunnu. lebananile atshaaneyil bishop irikkunna 'purushaadhipathya sthaapanangalude roopatha' yum palliyilundu.
1962leeii oru catholica sthithivivarakkanakku anusarichu, akkaalat syriac oorthadoox sabhayil motham 130,000 amgangalundaayirunnu, athil 115,000 amgangal middle eesttil thaamasichirunnu.
pithrusathaakatthinte adhikaraparidhi.
anthiyokyayile syrian oorthadoox sabha yadhaarthathil middle eesttileyum indiayileyum muzhuvan pradeshatheyum ulkkollunnu. ennirunnaalum, sameepa noottaandukalil, athinte edavakakkaar lokamembaadumulla mattu raajyangalilekku kudiyeraan thudangi. innu, aarr bhookhandangalil ulppedunna niravadhi rajyangalil syrian oorthadoox sabhaykku niravadhi aarchdiyosisukalum purushaadhipathya vikaarikalum (exaarkkettukal) undu.
eshya.
middle eesttile syrian oorthadoox kristhyaanikal, assyrians/syriakkukal ("suryoy") ennariyappedunnu, middle eesttile padinjaaran syrian aachaaramaaya syrian oorthadoox sabhayey pravaasikaleyum pinthudarunna oru vamseeya upavibhagamaanu, kanakkukal prakaram syria, iraakh, turkey ennividangalile avarude thaddesheeya vaasasthalathu 150,000 muthal 200,000 vare aalukal undu.
madhyakaalakhattathil eee samooham roopeekarikkukayum sameepa kizhakk vikasikkukayum cheythu. middle eesttile syrian oorthadoox kristhyaanikal navaa-aramic (avarude yadhaarthavum aradhana bhashayum) arabiyum turkeyil ninnulla siriyakkaarude kaaryatthil chilappol turkish bhashayum samsaarikkunnu. thekkukizhakkan turkeyile thurr abdun aanu syrian yaadhaasthithikarude parambaraagatha saamskaarikavum mathaparavumaya kendram, avide ninnu niravadhi aalukal ottomaan sarkkar samghadippicha vamshahathya (1914-18) yill ninnu syriayilekkum lebananilekkum vadakkan iraakhile mosoolilekkum palayanam cheythu.
raajyathe ettu kristhyan vibhagangalil onnaanu syrian oorthadoox charchu. mattu syrian kristhyan janavibhagangalkkoppam bhooripaksham varunna thaal taymer polulla khabur nadiyude theerathulla graamangalile alle hazaka govarnarettilaanu (allengil jaseera mekhala) avar kooduthalaayi kendreekarichirikkunnathu. niravadhi kristhyan janangal turkeyil ninnu palayanam cheytha 1915 leeii koottakkolakku sesham avar govarnarettil hazaka, kamishli nagarangalum sthaapichu. 1970kalude madhyathil 82,000 syrian yaadhaasthithikar rajyath thaamasichirunnathaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, ennaal mattu assyrian grouppukal ulppede 2016ll eee ennam ippol 400,000 aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 2003leeii adhiniveshathinushesham iraakhi abhayaarthikalude varavum 40 varshathe swaabhaavika janasamkhya vardhanavumaanu eee vardhanavinu kaaranam. jaseeraykk purathulla syrian yaadhaasthithika janathayude mattu kendrangalil fairuze, alle-hafar, caffer raam, mascana, alle-khariyaathain, sadad, saidal enniva ulppedunnu. 1959 muthal avarude pithrusathaakam kendreekarichirikkunna damascus homes mattu nagarangalil ulppedunnu. 2012-ll hoams shellakramanam nagaratthe nasippikkukayum athuvare vividha vibhaagangalile oru valia kristhyan samoohathinte aavaasakendramaayirunna janasamkhyayude bhooribhaagatheyum chitharichukalayukayum cheythu.
iraakhile syrian samooham pradhaanamaayum vadakkan iraakhile mosool, merkey, iraakh, bartella, bakhdida, karamlesh ennee pattanangalile nineway samathala pradesangalilaanu thaamasikkunnath. 1991ll oru syriac oorthadoox kristhyaanikal avide thaamasichirunnathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1960 muthal palarum thekkott baghdadilekku thamasam maari. iraakhile avarude motham janasamkhyayude ettavum puthiya kanakkukal (2014) prakaram, charitraparamaayi, onpathuve samathalangalileyum vadakkan iraakhileyum syriakkaar thikrithil ninnaan uthbhavichath, ennaal 1089 num 1400 num idayil thimoorinte peedanavum vamshahatyayum kaaranam vadakkott kudiyeri.
lebananile niravadhi kristhyan nyoonapaksha grouppukalil onnaanu syrian oorthadoox kristhyaanikal. madhyakaalakhattatthinte avasaanathil mangolian adhiniveshangalkk sesham oru jacobite samooham maronaitukalkkidayil lebananil sthirathaamasamaakki, ennirunnaalum, eee samooham maronaittukalaal chitharikkidakkukayo agiranam cheyyappedukayo cheythu. pala maronait kudumbangalum jacobite vamshajaraayirunnuvenn aseemani (1687-1768) abhiprayappettu. pathinezhaam noottaandil tripoly oru yaakobaaya samooham undaayirunnu. 1915leeii sambhavangal thurr abdudinil ninnulla syrian yaadhaasthithikare lebanonilekk palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhitharaakki, avide avar bairoot jillakalaaya sahla, musaytbe ennividangalil communitykal roopeekarichu. 1921ll franch sileesiyayil ninnulla syrian abhayaarthikal avarude ennam vardhippikkunnathinaayi ethi. 1944ll 3,753 syrian yaadhaasthithikar lebananil thaamasichirunnathaayi kanakkakkappettu. lebanese aabhyantharayudhathinu munbu (1975-1990) rajyath 65,000 syrian yaadhaasthithikar undaayirunnu. samoohathinte pakuthiyum akramatthinte falamaayi kudiyeri, palarum "raajyamillaatha aalukale" samrakshikkunna sweeden pooyi. 1987 leeii kanakkanusarichu lebananil eathaanum ayiram syrian yaadhaasthithikar maathrame undaayirunnulloo. syrian samgharsham syrian kristhyan abhayaarthikalude varavinu kaaranamaayi, avaril palarum syrian kristhyaanikalaanu.
 turkeyile syrian samooham charitraparamaayi "suroyo" allengil "suroyo" (20 varsham munbu vare) ennu visheshippikkunna "suroyo" ennaanu thirichariyunnathu. thurr abdun syriakkukale nirvachikkunna swathwa savisheshathakal navaa-aramic bhashayum syriac oorthadoox sabhayumaan, avarude mathaparamaya swathuam oru vamseeya swathuavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. athinaal syriakkaarum mattu kristhyan grouppukalum (armeniyakkaarum greekkukaarum) thammilulla paraspara vivaham valare apoorvamaanu. middle eesttile mattu chila syrian kristhyan mathasamoohangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, turkeyile syriakkaar ippozhum navaa aramic bhashakal samsaarikkunnu, prathyekichu thuroyo bhasha. ennirunnaalum, chilar turkish samsaarikkunnu, charitraparamaaya kaaranangalal mardinile samooham parambaraagathamaayi arabi samsaarikkunnu. syriakkaarum mattu kristhyan grouppukalum (armeniyakkaarum greekkukaarum) thammilulla vivaahavum valare apoorvamaanu.
turkkiyil 10,000 syrian yaadhaasthithikarundennu 2016 ll kanakkaakkappettirunnu, avaril bhooribhaagavum istanbulil thaamasikkunnu. thurr abdun pradesham yaadhaasthithika siriyakkaarude charitraparamaaya shakthikendramaanu. 1970-kalinum kurdish-turkish samgharshathinum munbu turdin pradesham turkkiyile syrian janasamkhyayude prabhavakendramaayirunnu, 50-70,000 aseeriyakkaarum syriakkaarum avarude palayanam cheiyunnathinu munbu avide thaamasichirunnathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu. 2012 leeii kanakkanusarichu 2,400 perr thurr abdunil thaamasikkunnundenkilum iraakhil ninnum syriayil ninnumulla abhayaarthikal avide sthirathaamasamaakkukayum pravaasikalil ninnulla syriakkaar kramena madangukayum cheiyunnathinaal ithu ippol ekadesham aii. dii. 1 aayirikkam.
america.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, kizhakkan kristhyaanikalude niravadhi samudaayangal amerikkayil uyarnnuvannu, sameepa kizhakk vividha pradeshangalil ninnulla kudiyettatthinte falamaayi. engleesh bhashayil, padinjaaran syrian aachaarathile ooriyantal oorthadoox kristhyaanikal saadhaaranayaayi "jacobiteukal" ennariyappettirunnu, aaa padam oru denaminational padaviyaayi upayogichirunnu. oru vyathirikthamaya peril niyamaparamaaya "samyojanam" nedunnathinu, "jacobite" mathasamoohangalum associationukalum "syrian oorthadoox charchu" enna padam ithinakam amerikkayile anthiyokyayile kizhakkan oorthadoox paathriyarkkettile communitykal upayogichirunnuvenna vastutha amgeekarikkendathundu. syrian", "oorthadoox" padavikal ithinakam eduthathinaal, amerikkayile "jacobiteukal" "apostolica", "assyrian" padavikal upayogichu badal pariharangal thiranjedutthu ". prarambha padavi ("jacobite charchu") "assyrian jacobite apostolica charchu" aayi vipuleekarikkukayum aaa peru aadyathe edavakakalude niyamaparamaaya samyojanathinu (1919) upayogikkukayum cheythu. irupathaam noottaandinte madhyathode assyrian enna padam "syrian" ennu churukukayum pinneedu "syriac" ennu parishkarikkukayum cheythu. 1952ll amerikkaykkum kaanadaykkum vendi purushaadhipathya vikaariyatt srishtikkappedukayum 1995ll ithu kizhakkan america, padinjaaran america, canada enningane moonnu praadeshika vikariyattukalaayi vibhajikkappedukayum cheythu.
europe.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil niravadhi syrian yaadhaasthithikar saambathikavum raashtreeyavumaaya kaaranangalal sweeden, netherlands, jarmmani, swittsarland ennividangalil sthithicheyyunna padinjaaran europilekku kudiyeri. 1981ll sthaapithamaaya europile aadyathe syrian oorthadoox aashramamaan netherlandsile dairo dii-morr ephrem. dairo dii-morr avjen, aarth, swittsarland, dairo dii-morr yackb dii-sarug, warberg, jarmmani ennivayaanu europil sthithicheyyunna mattu ashramangal.

