
shizoku

1869 muthal 1947 vare meiji punasthaapanathinushesham muun "samuraay" ulppetta jappaanile oru saamoohika vibhagamaayirunnu "shizoku". prathyeka vargga aanukoolyangalonnumillatha "kasoku" (muun "kuge", "diamyo" klaasukalude layanam), "heymin" (saadhaaranakkaar) enniva thammilulla oru vyathyastha vibhagamaayirunnu "shizoku", koodaathe peru rajisttaril mathramaayirunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhathile japanese paraajayathetthudarnnu 1947-ll parishkaricha sivil codil "shizoku" nirthalaakkappettu.
uthbhavam.
edo kaalaghattam ennariyappettirunna 1600 muthal jappan oru fudal rajyamaayi bharichirunna tokugawa shogunettine attimarikkunnathinum jappan chakravarthikku praayogika bharanam punasthaapikkunnathinum 1868 ll meiji punasthaapanam aarambhichu. jappaanile bhooribhaagam aalukaleyum karsanamaaya vargga shreniyilekku niyamicha tokugawa vargga sambradaayam ulppedeyulla fudalism nirmarjanam cheiyukayaayirunnu saamraajyathva viplavakaarikalude pradhana lakshyangalilonn. jappaanile puthiya meiji oligarkkukal kuleena "samuraay" yodhaakkalude vibhaagathile fudal prabhukkalaaya "diamyo" yum avarude "hahn" (domainukal) nirthalaakkanamennum aavasyappettu. 1869-ll, meiji anukoola satsuma, choshu domainukalile "diamyo" avarude bhoomiyum janasamkhyaa rajisttarukalum chakravarthikku thirike nalkumennu audyogikamaayi prakhyapikkaan sammathichu, thudarnnu prefectural gavarnarmaaraayi avarude kaivashamundenn addeham sthireekarikkum. meiji sarkkar muun "kuge", "diamyo" kuleena vibhaagangale "kasoku" aayi layippichu, athesamayam "diamyo" yude ellah "samuraay" nilanirthalkkaarum saadhaaranakkaarude thalathinu mukalilulla orotta vibhaagathilekku maatti. yodhaakkalude kudumbangal" ennartham varunna "shizoku" enna eee puthiya varggathinu vargga aanukoolyangalonnum undaayirunnilla, avarude amgeekaaram sarkkar rajisttaril maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunnu, ithu avare phalapradamaayi saadhaaranakkaaraayi maatti. praadeshika bharanam kaaryakshamamakkaanum nikuthi piriv kendreekarikkaanumulla meiji samsthaanathinte shramathinte bhaagamaayi ekadesham 2 dasalaksham domainukal anantharaavakaashamaayi illaathaakunnathilekku nayichukondu "shizoku" yude vyakthigatha domainukal nirthalaakkappettu. 1871-ll meiji oligarkkukal "diamyo" yude avasheshikkunna 270 domainukal nirthalaakkukayum prefecturukal avarude sthaanathu puthiya bharana vibhagangalaayi sthaapikkukayum cheythu. labhicha ellah "shizoku" yum cheria staippandukalaayirunnu, avaa pinneedu sarkkar bondukalaayi maatti, krishi, vanam, bisinesses, hokkaidoyude kolanivalkkaranam ennivayil mattu jolikal kandethaan meiji oligarkkukal avarodu abhyarthichu.
"shizoku" kalapangal.
pala muun "samuraikal" puthiya japanese samoohavumaayi poruthappedunnathil vijayichu, pakshe palarum angane cheyyaathe taamasiyaathe avarude varumaanavum padaviyum uddeshyavum nashtappettu. meiji punasthaapanatthe pinthunaykkukayum boshin yudhathil pooraadukayum cheythavar ulppede niravadhi "shizoku" kall meiji sarkkaaril ninnulla perumaattatthil roshakularaayi. saamoohika parishkkaranam unnathapadaviyilulla prabhukkanmarkkum saadhaaranakkaarkkum gunam cheythenkilum "samuraay" kalil bhooribhaagathinum gurutharamaaya pinnakkam nilkkunnuvennathil avar nirashappettu. thalphalamaayi, niraasharaaya "shizoku" yill, prathyekichu durbalamaayirikke puthiya sarkkaarine attimarikkukayum shogunett punasthaapikkukayum cheiyumenna pratheekshayil, samoolamaaya ethirviplava vikaaram vikasikkaan thudangi.
1873 januvariyil jarmman, franch modalukale adisthaanamaakki yamagatta arittomo thayyarakkiya oru nirbandhitha sainikasevana oordinans meiji sarkkar purappeduvichu. irupathu vayassinu mukalilulla ellah japanese purushanmareyum puthiya saamraajyathva japanese sainyathilo saamraajyathva japanese navikasenayilo moonnu varshathekku sajeeva dutyil sevikkaan vilippichu, thudarnnu naalu varsham reserveukalil sevanamanushtichu. shizoku" nirbandhitha sainikasevanathe shakthamayi athirthathinaal oordinans prakhyaapichathinu sheshamulla maasangalil pathinaar pradeshangalil prathishedhangalkku kaaranamaayi. oru kuleena yodhru varggamenna nilayil thangalude saamoohika pravartthanam neekkam cheyyappeduka mathramalla, pakaram saadhaaranakkaarude oru sainyathe niyamikkukayum cheythathil niraasharum yaadhaasthithikarumaaya muun "samuraay" kall kooduthal roshakularaayi. 
1874num 1877num idayil kyushuvilum padinjaaran honshuvilum meiji sarkkaarinethire "shizoku" vividha valuppathilulla muppathiladikam kalapangal aarambhichu. 1874 februvariyil koriyaykkethire oru sainika paryaveshanam aarambikkaan sarkkar visammathichathinethudarn saaga domainile muun "samuraay" kalapam aarambhichappol "seikkaanon" ennariyappedunna jappaanile oru pradhana rashtreeya charchayaanu. koriyayude adhinivesham "samuraay" varggathinte antass uddeshyavum punasthaapikkaan sahaayikkumenn niravadhi meiji virudharaaya "shizoku" vishwasichu. rund maasathinu sesham kalapam adichamarthappettuvenkum "shizoku" vimatharodu anubhavam uyarnnathum prasnangal pariharikkappedaathe kidannu. 1876 october 24 nuu kumamoto domainile theevravaadi meiji virudha muun "samuraay" yude samghadanayaaya "shinpuren" aanu shinpuren kalapam aarambhichath. avarude nethaavaaya ottaaguro tomoo praadeshika "shisokuvinodu" avarude lakshyathil cheraan abhyarthichu. pittennu raavile shinpuren kalapam paraajayappettenkilum saamraajyathva japanese sainyathinum kumamoto prefecture udyogastharkkum undaaya athbhuthakaramaaya maranasamkhya mattu "shisokuvine" kalaapathin prerippichu. october 27nuu akisuki kalapavum october 28nuu haggy kalapavum aarambhichu, iva randum parajayappettu. shizoku" kalaapangalil ettavum valuthum avasaanathethumaaya satsuma kalapam saigo thakamoriyude neethrthwathil satsuma domainilaanu nadannathu. vann kalaapathin 65,000 saamraajyathva japanese sainikare aninirathendivarikayum adichamarthaan ettu maasamedukkukayum cheythu. maarakamaayi parikkettathinu sesham saigo "seppuku" cheythu, kalaapathinte parajayam "samuraay" yeei oru anaudyogika vargamaayi phalapradamaayi avasaanippichu. 1878-ll, koriaye akramikkunnathineyum meiji raashtram sthaapicha parishkaarangaleyum addeham athirthathinaal satsumayil ninnulla oligaarkk ookuboo thoshimichiyude kolapaathakathode "shizoku" prathiviplavam avasaanichu.
1870kalil padhathikalkku dhanasahayam nalkunnathinaayi ashradhamaayi panam achadichathinaal 1880-ll meiji sarkkar saambathika durantham nerittu, swakaarya baankukal svanthamaayi nottukal puratthirakki. shizoku" kalaapangale adichamarthaan athu valareyadhikam chelavazhichu, meiji kaalaghattatthile ettavum gurutharamaaya saambathika prathisandhi jappan abhimukeekarikkaanulla oru kaaranamaayirunnu ithu.