
nimrud anakkombu

19-aamm noottaandilum 20-aamm noottaandilum assyrian nagaramaya nimroodil (iraakhile aadhunika ninavayil) ninnu khananam cheytha bii. sii. onpathaam noottaand muthal ezhaam noottaand vareyulla cheria kothiyeduttha anakkombu phalakangaludeyum roopangaludeyum oru valia koottamaanu nimrud anakkombu. mesopotamiaykku purathaanu anakkombu kooduthalum uthbhavichathennum leventilum eejiptilum nirmmichathaanennu karuthappedunnu, koodaathe phoenishyan likhithangal adangiya niravadhi anakkombu kaaranam palappozhum feenishyanmaaraanennu aaropikkappedunnu. phoeneeshyan kalayekkurichulla padanatthile adisthaana puravasthukkalaaya avaa, athe samayam kandethiyathum ennaal kurachu varshangalkk munbu phoeneeshyan ennu thiricharinjathumaaya phoeneeshyan loha pathrangal ulppedunnu. ennirunnaalum, phoeneeshyayilo mattu pradhana kolanikaliloo (udha.jii. kartej, malta, sisili).
mikathum yadhaartha roopangalude sakalangalaanu; aayirathiladikam pradhana kashanangalum niravadhi valare cheria shakalangalumund. aaa pradeshangalude savisheshamaaya roopangal upayogichu kothiyeduttha avaa furnitureukal, rathangal, kuthirappanthalukal, aayudangal, vividha tharatthilulla cheria portable vasthukkal ennivayulppede vividha uyarnna nilavaaramulla vasthukkal alankarikkaan upayogichirunnu. pala aanakkombukalum yadhaarthathil swarnna ilayo ardha vilayeriya kallukaloo kondu alankarichirikkaam, avaa avasana samskaarathin munbu eathenkilum ghattathil avayil ninnu neekkam cheythu. upayogikkaatha furnitureukalkkaayi oru kottara stortoomaayirunna oru valia samghathe kandethi. bisi 616num 599num idayil assyrian saamraajyathinte mosham thakarchayude samayat nagaram kollayadikkappettappol kinarukalude adiyil upekshikkappettathayi prathyakshatthil kaanapedunnu.
aanakkombukalil palathum yunaittad kingdatthilekku kondupookukayum britiish myoosiyathil (udamasthathayilallengilum) nikshepikkukayum cheythu. 2011ll, britiish kaivashamulla aanakkombukalil bhooribhaagavum museum oru sambhaavanayiloodeyum vaangaliloodeyum swanthamaakki, oru thiranjeduppu kaazhchayil vaykkunnu. bakkiyullava iraakhilekku thirike nalkaanaan uddeshikkunnathu. iraakhi sthaapanangalude kaivashamundaayirunna dhaaraalam aanakkombukal yudhathiloodeyum kollayiloodeyum nashtappedukayo kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayo cheythittundu. lokamembaadumulla mattu myoosiyangalil kashanangalude koottangalundu.
vivaranam.
simhangal, sarppangal, manushyar, pookkal, jyaamitheeya roopangal ennivayude sankeernamaaya kothupanikal kondu kothupanikalaayi alankaricha falakangalum penn thalakaludeyum penn prathimakaludeyum kothupanikalum aanakkombukalil ulppedunnu. eejipt, aadhunika syria, lebanon ennivayulppede purathana sameepa kizhakk vividha sthalangalil avaa kothiyeduthittundu, thaarathamyena kurachu praadeshikamaayi kothiyeduthittundu. eee vasthukkal nirmmikkaan upayogikkunna anakkombu yadhaarthathil purathana kaalath middle eesttil thaddesheeyamaayirunna syrian aanakalil ninnu uruthirinjathaayirunnir, ennaal bisi ettaam noottaandode syrian aanaye vamshanaashathodu adukkumbol vettayaadukayum pinneedulla vasthukkalkkulla anakkombu indiayil ninno aafrikkayil ninno irakkumathi cheyyendivarikayum cheythu.
anakkombu falakangal rathangal, furnitureukal, kuthirappalakal enniva alankarikkaan upayogichirunnathaayi karuthappedunnu, avaa yadhaarthathil swarnna ila kondu pothinjatho lapis lasuli polulla ardha vilayeriya kallukal kondu alankarichatho aayirunnirikkanam. chila kashanagal ippozhum swarnna ilayude avashishtangal samrakshikkunnu. avayil palathum sambharana samayat noottaandukal pazhakkamullavayaayirunnu, appozhekkum fashion illaathaayirunnirikkaam. aanakkombukal sambharikkunnathin munbu avayil ninnu swarnam neekkam cheythirikkaam, allengil bii. sii. 612-ll nimprude kollayadikkukayum nasippikkukayum cheythappol babyloniakkaar athu eduthirikkaam.
chila aanakkombukalude purakil phoenishyan aksharangal kothivachittundu, ithu aanakkombukal gadippicha furnitureukalil kashanagal kootticherkkunnathinulla maarganirddeshangalaayi upayogichirikkaamenn karuthappedunnu. aanakkombukalil phoenishyan aksharangalude saannidhyam soochippikkunnathu avaa phoenishyan karakaushalathozhilaalikalude uthppannamaayirunnu ennaanu.
falakangalkku purame, sthree thalakalude niravadhi cheria anakkombu kothupanikal nimroodil kandethiyittundu, mikkavaykkum onno rando inch uyaram maathrameyulloo, ennaal 5 injiladhikam uyaramundu. eee thalakalil palathum aadhunika israelile tell megido saittil ninnu valare munbathe aanakkombukalil chithreekarichirikkunna paranna thoppikalumayi valare saamyamulla oru paranna thoppi dharikkunnu. nimroodil ninnu kandethiya mattoru saadhaarana kothupaniyil rund nagna penkuttikalude prathimakal ulppedunnu, avaa faanukaludeyo kannaadikaludeyo handilukalaayo furnitureukalude alankaara gadakamaayo upayogichathayi karuthappedunnu.
falakangal vaividhyamaarnna prameyangal kaanikkunnu, avayil chilath shudhamaaya assyrian shaili pradarshippikkunnu, avayil chilath eejipshyan swaadheenam kaanikkunnu, eejipshyan janathayudeyo daivangaludeyo kothupanikalum eejipshyan hyroglyphukalum polum. ennirunnaalum, eejipshyan prameyangal palappozhum thettayi vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu, koodaathe hyroglyphukal saadhuvaaya perukal roopappeduthunnilla, athinaal avaa eejipshyan kalayude apakeerthikaramaaya anukaranangalayi thonnunnu.
mattethoru assyrian saittinekkaalum valare kooduthal aanakkombukal nimroodil ninnu kandethiyittundu, avaa medittareniyan theerathe nagarangalil ninnu adambara charakkukalayi irakkumathi cheythatho kollayadichatho aanennu karuthappedunnu. chila noottaandukalkku sesham eee vasthukkal faashanil ninnu maari sambharanathilekku konduvannathayi thonnunnu.
kandethalukal.
layerd (1845).
assyrian thalasthaanamaaya nimroodile shalmanesar III (bisi bharichirunna) kottaaratthinte sthalathu ninnaan aadyathe anakkombu khananam cheythath. 1845ll austin henry layard thante khananathinte aadya divasam thanne kottaram veendum kandethi; randaam divasam addeham aanakkombukalude aadya kandethal nadatthi.
loophttas (1854-1855).
vilyam kennatt lofttasinte <aii. dii. 1> leeii khananathil kooduthal aanakkombukal kandethi. "thekkukizhakkan kottaram" allengil "kathicha kottaram" ennu peritta oru koottam kettidangalil avaa kandethi; 1855 februvariyil "jenal oof sacred littarecharin" ezhuthiya kathil loophttas kandethalinte saahacharyangal vivarichu
mallovan (1949-1963).
1949num 1963num idayil puraavastu gaveshakanaaya maiks mallovante neethrthwathilulla iraakhile britiish school oof archaeology ninnulla oru samghamaanu kooduthal kandethalukal nadathiyathu. bisi 705ll sargon randaamante maranathethudarnnundaaya prakshubdhathayilo bisi 612ll nainveh veenu nashichathilo nagaram kollayadikkappettappol erinja kinarukalude adiyil ninnu aayirakkanakkin aanakkombukal mallovan kandethi. puraavasthushaasthrathil aakrishtayum nimrud khananathil bharthavinoppam pankedutthathumaaya prashastha britiish crime novelistaaya agatha kristti (1890-1976) aayirunnu mallovante bhaarya. khananathinide kandethiya pala aanakkombukaludeyum foto edukkaanum samrakshikkanum kristti sahayichu, oru mikacha neythu soochi, oru ooranchu vadi, oru paathram pheys cream enniva upayogichu anakkombu vrithiyaakkiyathaayi thante aathmakadhayil vishadeekarikkunnu.
mallovan kandethiya aanakkombukalude shekharam iraakhum brittan thammil vibhajichirikkunnu, avide avaa 1987 vare iraakhile britiish school oof archaeology (pinneedu iraakhinekkurichulla padanatthinulla britiish instityoottaayi maari) thudarnnu. 2011 vare avaa britiish myoosiyathil sambharichu, pakshe pradarshippichilla. iraakhiyude kaivashamulla pala aanakkombukalum nashtappedukayo kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayo cheythittundu. 2003leeii iraakh yudhathethudarnnu baghdadile iraakh deseeya museum kollayadikkappedukayum avide sookshichirunna pala aanakkombukalum kedupaadukal varuthukayo moshtikkappedukayo cheythu. baghdadile oru baank nilavarayil sookshichirunna mattu aanakkombukal kettidatthinu nere shellakramanam nadannappol vellathil nashichu.
2011 maarchil, britiish museum iraakhinekkurichulla padanathinaayi britiish instittyoottil ninnu mallovan aanakkombinte moonnilonnu (1,000 poornna aanakkombukalum 5,000 shakalangalum ulkkollunnu) 11.7 dasalaksham poundinu vaangi, aarr maasathinullil 750,000 poundu samaaharicha oru pothu dhanasamaaharana prachaaranathetthudarnnu, deseeya paithruka smaaraka fundle ninnum art fundle ninnumulla graantukalude pinthunayode. randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinusesham britiish museum vaangunna ettavum chelaveria randaamathe saadhanamaanith.
vaangalinu purame, britiish instittyoott phoor dhii stadi oof iraakh kazhinja 24 varshamaayi museum shekharicha shekharathinte amgeekaaramaayi britiish myusiyathinu athinte shekharathinte moonnilonnu sambhavana cheythittundu. shekharathinte backie moonnilonnu bhaviyil iraakhilekku thirike nalkumennu prathekshikkunnu. 2011 march 14 muthal britiish myoosiyathil thiranjeduttha anakkombu pradarshippikkum.
oats (1957-1963).
1957num 1963num idayil david ootsinte neethrthwathilulla oru britiish school samgham nimrad kottaaratthil "anakkombu murii" ennu vilikkappedunna oru murii kandethiyappol ettavum valia otta anakkombu kandethi, ithu assyrian rajaakkanmaar shekharicha anakkombu vasthukkalude pradhana sambharana kendramaayi pravarthichirunnu. thudarnnu iraakhi puraavastu vakupp nadatthiya khananathil kooduthal aanakkombukal kandethi.
mattu kandethalukal.
sameepa varshangalil iraakhi puraavastu vakupp nadatthiya khananangalil kooduthal aanakkombukal kandethiyittundu.
kaanaanait, aramic likhithangal.
aanakkombukalil palathilum kaanaanait, aramic likhithangal adangiyirikkunnu-chilathil niravadhi vaakkukal adangiyirikkunnu, koodaathe palathilum orotta aksharangal adangiyirikkunnu. ivayil chilath pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathil layerd, loophttas (prathyekichu "milky-raaminte swath" ["lmlkrm"] ennu alekhanam cheytha oru noob) ennivayil ninnu kandethi, 1961 ll mallovan ootsum kooduthal kandethi. randaamathethil, ettavum pradhanappetta kandethalukal nimrud saittinte thekkukizhakkan bhaagathulla "fort shalmanesaril" khananam cheythu. 1962ll alaan millard ivayude oru parambara prasidheekarichu; "nimrud dokyumentukal" ennathinulla staanderd ekskaveshan kodaanu "nd".
arslan tash anakkombu likhithavumaayum urr boxes likhithavumaayum avaye thaarathamyam cheythittundu.
nimroodil ninnu kandethiya oru shakalathil haselinte peru undu. ithu orupakshe bybilil paraamarshichirikkunna hazael rajaavaayirikkaam.
shekharangal.
nimroodil ninnulla anakkombu lokamembaadumulla niravadhi sthaapanangalil nadathappedunnu
kaattalogukal.
nimrud aanakkombukal pandithochithamaaya kaattalogukalude oru parambarayaayi prasidheekarikkappedunnu. ivayil palathum britiish instittyoottil ninnu iraakh (bisi) padanathinaayi soujanyamaayi oonlainil labhyamaanu linkukal ivide.