
kombukalil shapatham cheiyunnu

17, 18, 19 noottaandukalil vadakkan lunden praanthapradeshamaaya haigettile vividha pabbukalil sandarshakarkku parambaraagathamaayi nalkiyirunna oru prahasanaparamaaya prathinjayaanu kombukalkku prathinjja cheiyunnathu. santhoshathodum vyabhichaarathodumulla oraalude samarppanathe sthireekarikkunna oru clark vaayikkunna prasthaavanakalude oru parambara prathinjayil adangiyirikkunnu; sathyaprathinja cheiyunnavar oro prasthaavanaykkum sammathikkukayum oru koottam kombukal chumbikkukayo abhivaadyam cheiyukayo cheyyum, thudarnnu bhaavithalamuraykkaayi oru logbukkil nalkukayum cheyyum. 
yajamanan, pithaav, aathidheyan enningane vilikkappedunna bhoovudamayaanu palappozhum abhibhaashakan polulla aupachaarika vasthram dharichu nadapadikalkku melnottam vahichirunnathu. chila veedukalil, sathyaprathinjaykku purame panamo paaneeyangalo "deeksha phees" aavashyamaayirunnu; mattullavayil, chadangu mothatthil marikadakkaan phees nalkaam. thudarnnu pankedukkunnavarkku "freemen oof haigett" enna padavi nalki aadarichu. 
sathyaprathinjaa chadangil pankedukkaan puthumukhangale bodhyappedutthaan paramavadhi sramikkunna saadhaarana upabhokthaakkalkk eee chadangu oru vinoda srothassaayirunnu. sathyaprathinjayude vishadaamshangal varshangalolam pub muthal pub vare vividha roopangal sweekarichu, pakshe honsinte pothuvaaya prameyangalum pala vyakthigatha prasthaavanakalum nilanirtthi. pankedutthavaril bhooribhaagavum ithu oru tourist keniyaanennu manassilaakkiyenkilum athil pankedukkunnathil santhoshamundennu vyakthamaan.
sathyam.
chila pathippukal valare dairkhyameriyathaanenkilum-oru srothass aarr charanangalulla oru chadangine chithreekarikkunnu-ettavum ariyappedunna pooyintukal ivayaanu
sathyaprathinja oru satyamallennum oraalkk ishtamullathu cheyyaamennum apavaada khandangal vyakthamaakkunnu. bhaaryayod daya kaanikkumenna prathinjja, aaa purushanaan thante kudumbatthinte thalavan ennu oormmikkuka, oraalude adutha sandarshanathil puthiya thudakkakkaare konduvarika enniva prathinjayude mattu bhaagangalil ulppedunnu.
prathyekaavakaashangal.
kombukal dharichu sathyaprathinja cheyyukayum haigettinte swathanthraraayitheerukayum cheythukondu niravadhi aanukoolyangal nalkiyengilum, aanukoolyangal niravadhi vyavasthakalkku vidheyamaayirunnu, palappozhum oru padaviyum illennu thelinju. pabbile ettavum sundariyaaya sthriye chumbikkuka ennathaayirunnu udanadi prathiphalam; sundarikalaaya sthreekale kandethaanaayillengil, puthiya thudakkakkaaran kuranja vilaykk sthirathaamasamaakkendivanu. 
vishramam aavasyamulla oru swathanthran haigettil aanenkil, addehathinu oru panniye kuzhiyil ninnu purathaakki athinte sthaanam ettedukkaam. ennaal kuzhiyil moonnu pannikal undaayirunnengil, avanu madhyathilulla panniye thurathi mattu randinumidayil urangaan maathrame kazhiyoo. oru swathanthran haigettil panamillaathathaayi kandethiyaal, ayalkkum suhruthukkalkkum soujanyamaayi paneeyangal kazhikkamaayirunnu, ennaal enthengilum panam kandethiyaal (allengil athu kaivasham vaykkaan suhruthukkalkku nalkiyathaanennu kandethiyaal) ayalkku oru raundu paneeyangal vaangendi vannu.
charithram.
1742ll heymarket thiyettaril avatharippicha oru burlesk dinacharyayilaanu ettavum aadyathe sthireekarana paramarsham. grossinte "classical dictionary oof dhaa vulgar langwej"-nte 1785 pathippil, athidhikaleyum puthumukhangaleyum kurachu panatthil ninnu rasippikkunnathinaayi pothubhavanangalilonninte bhoovudamayaanu eee prathinjja kandupidichathennu abhiprayappettu. gross parayunnathanusarichu, akkaalat eee aacharam upayogashoonyamaayirunnu, ithu-pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil athinte vishalamaaya janapreeti kanakkiledukkumbol-noottaandukalaayi kombukalkku nere sathyaprathinja cheiyunnathu faashanilum puratthum vannathayi soochippikkunnu.
oru kaalath ellah saamoohika vibhaagathilumulla amgangal sathyaprathinjaa chadangil pankedutthu. child harrold theerthaadanam" ennathil bairon prabhu athine soochippikkunnu.:
aakhoshangal anubhavikkunnathinayi yuvakkal nagaratthil ninnu parihasyamaaya theerthaadanangal nadathukayum 1826 aayappozhekkum haigettil kuranjathu 19 vyathyastha pabbukalenkilum chadangu nadathukayum cheythu. chila pabbukal avarude vaathilukalkk mukalil oru koottam kombukal pradarshippikkukayum yaathrakkaare avide sathyaprathinja cheyyaanum swathanthraraakkaanum kazhiyumennu soochippikkukayum cheyyum.
ennirunnaalum, pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathode, eee paarambaryatthinu athinte janapreeti nashtappedaan thudangi, 1875 aayappozhekkum athu eathaandu poornnamaayum illaathaayi.
1874 muthal jorjju walter thonbariyude "ooldu aandu nyoo lunden" enna kruthiyil eee aacharam vishadamaayi parishodhikkappettittund. eee aacharam parishkaranatthinu thulyamaaya pazhakkamundennu thonbari vishwasikkunnu, koodaathe eee vaachakam "catholica sabhayile purohithanmaar mathasamghangalilum konfraattarnittikalim neofiteukale praveshippikkunnathinne oru parihaasyamaayaan uddeshichirunnathu" ennu parayunnu. smithfeeldilekkulla kannukaali paathayile yaathrakkarkkulla oru klabbai "gettu house inn" (haigett athinte peru varaykkunna gettinte sthalam) ll ninnaan chadangu aarambhichathenn addeham karuthunnu. 
1906-ll hampstead anticarian aandu historikkal sosaittiyile amgangal "ooldu gettu house hotel" ennariyappettirunna chadanginte pothu punarnirmmaanam nadatthi. irupathaam noottaandiludaneelam eee paarambaryam veendum punarujjeevippikkappedu chila haigett pabbukalil prathyeka avasarangalil nadathukayum cheiyunnu gustikkaar varshathil randuthavana oru koottam kombukalkku keezhil avarude kombukal nadathunnu. 
2007ll "flask" pub "kooppezhs aayudangalil" ninnu edutha 200 varsham pazhakkamulla aattukottan kombukalode chadangu nadatthi, avar athirthi aakhoshangal adikkunnathinte bhaagamaayi.
2014ll vadakkan kunnile "bull" pabbil eee paarambaryam punarujjeevippichu.
2016 juun 14 chovvazhcha vaikunneram haigett saahitya, shaasthra sthaapanathil nilavilullathum munpullathumaaya pabbukalekkurichu oru avatharanam nadannu. north hill enn6 leeii "bull" public housumaayi sahakarichu landanile bruying kambani 18 gaalan prathyeka, smaaraka bear sambhavana cheythu.
2019ll juuliyan mcdonnell gustikkaar pabbile chadangil pankedukkukayum nadapadikalude oru viidiyoo prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu.

