
gilbert wakefield

gilbert wakefield (1756-1801) oru engleesh pandithanum vivaadavaadiyumaayirunnu. addeham oru purohitan academic vidagthanum ennathil ninnu viyojip prakadippikkunna akkaadamikalil tuteringilekku maarukayum oduvil oru professional ezhuthukaaranum publisistum aayi maarukayum cheythu. prashasthamaaya oru samsthaana vichaaranayil, franch viplava yudhangalude sarkkar nayathe vimarshicha oru laghulekhaykku addeham jayililadaykkappedukayum mochithanaayathin thottupinnaale marikkukayum cheythu.
aadyakaala jeevithavum pashchaathalavum.
1756 februvari 22nuu revinte moonnaamathe makanaaya nottingamilaanu addeham janichathu. jorjju wakefield, appol sent nicolas palliyude rector, nottingam, pinneedu kingsttan-oonn-thaameesil, bhaarya elisabath. maanchasttarile oru vyaapaariyaaya jorj ulppede anchu sahodaranmaaril oraalaayirunnu addeham.
staafordshayarile rolstanil ninnulla addehathinte pithaav 1739ll oru sisaraayi kembridjiletthi. derbile melbornile harding kudumbatthil ninnu addehathinu vidyaabhyaasathil pinthuna labhichu, addehathinte rakshaadhikaarikal nicolas harding, addehathinte doctor sahodaran ennivaraayirunnu. thante aadyakaala kariyaril addeham maargarat nyoottaninte, swantham valathuvashath randaam kaundas coningsbyude, chapplineyirunnu. 1769ll paarlamentinte oru niyamaprakaaram, paarlamentinte oru niyamaprakaaram, paarlamentinte chaappalukalkk avatharanangal vyakthamaakkunna, thante ammavan chaals praatt, 1st baaran camden dhii loard chansalar, jeramiah daisan ennivarumaayi vyakthiparamaaya swaadheenam upayogichathukondu maathramaan kingstaninte jeevitam jorjju wakefieldinu kaimariyathennu gilbertinte maranashesham nicolaasinte makan jorjju hardinch choondikkaatti.
vidyaabhyaasavum fellowship.
saamuval berdmorinte keezhilum pinneedu isak piktaalinte keezhilum wilfordil vechum wakefield kurachu school vidyaabhyaasam nadatthi. thudarnnu richard vuddesan dhii eldarinte (maranam 1774) keezhil kingsttan free schoolil addeham nalla purogathi kaivarichu.
vuddesan adthyaapanathil ninnu viramikkunnathinte falamaayi wakefieldine cheruppatthil thanne sarvakalaashaalayilekk ayachu. ooksfoordile kraist charchil oru sthalam revil ninnu vaagdaanam cheythu. joonn jephries (1718-1798); ennaal pithaav athu nirasichu. roobert marsden sthaapicha scholarshippil addeham kembridjile jeesas collegil chernnu maasttar linford kaaril nottinghamshire ninnullayalum pithaavinte suhruthumaayirunnu. 1772ll metrikkuleshan poortthiyaakkiya addeham bii. birudam nedi.eiii. 1776ll randaamathe rangleraayi. 1776 muthal 1779 vare collegil fello ayirunna addeham 1778ll charchu oof englandil deekkan aayi niyamithanaayi. 
joonn jeb, roobert tairvit ennivarumaayi bandhapetta wakefield. immaanuval kolejile seeniyar tuter vilyam bennatt, 1799-ll wakefield paranjathupole, "ellah abhipraayavyathyaasangalkkum idayil" eee samayam muthal oru deerghakaala suhruthaayi maari.
revu. 1776ll 56-aamm vayassil jorjju wakefield marichu. appozhum yeshu collegil birudadhaariyaayirunna gilbertinte ilaya sahodaran thomasinte avastha, pakshe kingstanile purohitan pithaavinte paricharanakkaranumaayi niyamithanaayirunnenkilum, jorjju hardinginte kazhchappadil athu asaadhaaranamaayirunnu. addehathinte ilaya sahodaran henry harding, eee ghattathil peettarhousil saine upp cheythenkilum ithuvare metrikkulettu cheythitilla, 1778-ll kingstaninte vikariyaayi. thomas wakefield jeevithakalam muzhuvan richmandile sent merii magdalinilaayirunnu, 1806-ll marikkukayum gilbertine avide samskarikkukayum cheythu. thante aathmakadhayude aadya pathippil, richmond chappalil ninnu thomasine purathaakkaanulla hardinginte niyamaparamaaya neekkangale gilbert vimarshichu, aaa avatharanam pithaavinoppamaayirunnu (paarlamentinte niyamaprakaaram). thomas wakefieldinu vendi vidhicha pothu harjikal kodathiyil eee vishayam avasaanichu. 1802-leeii pathippil hardinch ethirtha apahasyangal nishabdamaayi ozhivaakki. hardinch peru velippeduthaatha oru dushtane kuttappedutthi, thomas oru kuttiyaayirunnappol "vyaapaarathinaayi uddeshichullathaayirunnu" ennathaayirunnu addehathinte verpiriyal.
curasikal.
1778-ll, stokkporttilulla sent marries palliyile oru curetaayirunnu wakefield. joonn vaatsan, oru puraavastu gaveshakan. braywood skoolinte thalavanakaan addehathinu thaalpparyamundaayirunnum 39 lekhanangalil veendum oppidaan addeham thayyarayilla. 
wakefield annu livarpoolile curettaayirunnu. avide addeham nirmmaarjjanavaadathekkum svakaaryathaykkethireyum prasamgichu, ithu anglo-franch yudhathil (1778-1783) eee samayat moshamaayi sweekarikkappettu. atlaantik adimakkachavadathinte "aasthaanam" livarpool aanennum franch yudhavumaayulla american viplava yuddham adimathathe thadassappeduthiyathaayum svakaaryathayude uyarchaye addeham yudhathe vashalakkunnathaayi kandathaayum addeham thante aathmakadhayil abhiprayappettu. 
1778 muthal, wakefield englandile sabhayude yaadhaasthithika adhyaapanathinte thiruvezhuthuprathimaye chodyam cheyyaan thudangi; american viplavakaarikalkkethire livarpoolil vaayicha praarthanakalil bhasha parishkarichukondu addeham rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukal prakadippichu. 1779ll addeham vivaham kazhichu, thante sahavasam avasaanippichu.
viyojikkunna adthyaapakan.
wakefield mantraalayam vidukayum 1779 madhyathil jeb shupaarsha cheytha warrington academyil classical tutoraayi maarukayum cheythu. saambathika prasnangalil ninnu wakefieldinte kazhchappadil 1783-ll akkadami adachu. thante kaalath avideyundaayirunna vidyaarthikalil moonnilonnu perum bhinnabhipraaya pashchaathalatthil ninnullavaralla, marichu charchu oof englandu kudumbangalil ninnullavaraayirunnuvennu addeham abhiprayappettu.
wakefieldinte daivashaasthram oru ekeekrithathayallaatha oru sidhaanthamaayi maari. joonn hund thante "englandile mathachintha" yill addehathe edward ivaansan ennu tharamthirichu, englandile sabhayil ninnu purathupokunna pramukha unitarianmaaril oralaayi, "avar thangale prathinidheekarikkunnavari kanakkakkaan kazhiyilla" enna pothuvaaya abhipraayavum undaayirunnu. thaan oru "yadhaartha pandithan" aayi kanakkaakkunna oraale amgeekarikkaan yogyatha nediya theophilus lindseyude shradha addeham aakarshichu. 1783ll glasgoyile rogiyaaya vilyam leachmante pakarakkaranaayi wakefieldine pinthunaykkaathathinte kaaranagal lindsey vilyam tenerode vishadeekarichu. warringtonile wakefield appozhum englandile sabhayude sevanangalil pankedukkukayum "samayam thante swabhaavathe shaanthamaakkukayum thannekkurichu thanikk ulla uyarnna abhiprayam kuraykkukayum cheiyumennu" addeham pratheekshikkukayum cheythu.
academyile wakefieldinte vidyaarthiyaaya roobert malthus warrington adachupoottalinushesham oru varshatholam addehathodoppam thudarnnu. nottinghaminu purathulla bramcottle pinneedu thante sahodaran thomas sent merii magdalans chappalil undaayirunna sareyile richmandilum thaamasichirunna wakefieldil kooduthal vidyaarthikale kandilla. 1784ll american yudhathinte avasaanathinaayi nandi soochakamaayi nischayicha divasam, addeham chappalil oru colonial virudha prabhashanam nadatthi. thomas clarkson thante nirmmaarjjanavaadathinte charithratthil jorjju gregoryude "lekhanangal, charitraparavum daarmmikavumaaya", jaims ramseyude "britiish panchasaara kolanikalile aafrikkan adimakalodulla perumaattattheyum parivartthanatheyum kurichulla" ennee rund samakaalika kruthikalekkurichulla vivaranagal udharichirunnu.
1784 muthal 1790 vare wakefield nottinghamil thaamasichirunnu. ivide addehathinu swakaarya vidyaarthikale kandethaan kazhinju. avaril oraal jamaikkayile oru adima kudumbatthil ninnulla roobert hibert aayirunnu, avar kembridjilekku pooyi. vilyam friendumaayi nalla bandhamullah addeham oru ekapaksheeyanaayirunnu, hibert trastt sthaapichu. thante cussin jorjju hibertmaayum addehathinu abhipraayavyathyaasamundaayinu. wakefieldinte rakshaadhikaariyaayirunnu jorjju hibert, wakefield thante aathmakadhayil nandi paranju; ennaal jayililaayappol saambathika pinthuna nalkiyathu robertaanu.
1790-ll thomas belshamine oru varsham munbu recruit cheytha hackney enna puthiya kolejilekku wakefieldine niyamikkukayum adutha varsham joseph preestli athukayum cheythu. tharkkavishayamaaya moonnu niyamanangalayirunnu athu. nottingaamile uyarnna nadappaatha chaappalile mantriyaaya jorjju wacker oru suhruthum nalkia oru kathapatra paraamarsamaanu wakefieldinte prayogatthe shakthippeduthiyath.
hackneyile wakefieldinte vidyaarthikalil joonn johnsum undaayirunnu. puthiya kolejile addehathinte samayam kurravaayirunnu pothu aaraadhanayodulla mohabhangathinte adisthaanathil 1791-ll addeham pinmari. yukthisahamaya viyojippil nilanirtthiya "ettavum theevramaaya sthaanangalilonnu" wakefieldaanennu thudarnnulla vivaadam kaanichu.
ezhuthukaaranum laghulekhakarum.
annumuthal wakefield thante penaykkanusarichaanu jeevichirunnathu, addeham oru pragatbhanaaya ezhuthukaaranaayirunnu. franch viplavathinte aaveshabharithanaaya prathirodhakkaaranaayirunnu addeham. 1798-ll "jacobin virudha" enna avasana lakkathil "puthiya dhaarmikatha" enna aakshepahasya kavita adangiyirunnu, athil prathipaksha pathrangal, kavikal, joonn telwal, preestli, wakefield ennivarulppedeyulla theevravaadi vibhagangal ennivarodu "lepoxine sthuthikkaan" ahvaanam cheythu.iii. franch directoryude nethaavaaya luis maari dii laa revellier-leepo.
thomas jaims maathyaasinte oru paraamarshatthinu vilyam burden marupadi nalkki
njaan gilbert wakefieldinte peru chinthikkukayum addehathinte kruthikalude pattika nokkukayum cheiyumbozhellaam (kaaranam avayellaam vaayikkaan njaan baadhyasthanalla) enikku mattoru vidhathilulla sankadavum roshavum anubhavappedunnu. 
burden ezhuthi
gilbert wakefieldinte perinum swabhaavathinum anusarichu, manushyaprakrithiyude avakaashangale chilappol vivekashoonyamaayi samrakshikkunna oru theekshnanaaya vyakthiyenna nilayil saadhyamaaya ellah bahumaanavum kaanikkan njaan aagrahikkunnu.
1794ll, maanchastar radical thomas vacarinode wakefield aadarav prakadippichu. saamoohikamaayi parichayamulla iruvarum 1795 januvari 3nuu thomas northmore nalkia lunden radical athaazhavirunnil athidhikalaayirunnu, mattullavar joonn disney, vilyam godwin, thomas brand hollis, bard ayolo morgang ennivaraayirunnu.
wakefieldinethiraaya oru prosecutione prakopippicha 1798-leeii vegathil ezhuthiya yudhakaala squibble merlyn buttler ezhuthi
valare sajeeva valare abhedyavumaaya wakefieldinte laghulekha, oru kaaryam parayaanulla theevravaadi ezhuthukaarude kazhivinum oru deseeya prathisandhiyil britiish janathayude manobhaavam avarude anyavalkkaranathinum udaaharanamaanu.
thadavum maranavum.
landafinte prasamgatthile chila bhagangalkkulla marupadi" (1798) enna vivaada laghulekhayil wakefield addehathinte prasadhakanaaya joseph johnson raajyadrohaparamaaya apakeerthippeduthalin kodathiyilekku kondupoyi. hackney kendreekarichulla pradeshathe daaridryathinte kendreekaranatthe soochippikkunna oru kruthi, landaff bishop richard vaatsan ezhuthiya "grettu brittanile janangale abhisambodhana cheythukondu" (1798) ezhuthiyathaanu. fraansinethiraaya yudhathinu panam nalkunnathinum deseeya kadam kuraykkunnathinum deseeya nikuthikal uyarthanamennu vaatsan vaadichu.
marupadi" vilkkunnathin, jonsoninu 50 poundu pizhayum 1799 februvariyil raajaavinte bench jayilil aarumaasathe thadavum vidhichu. aaa varshavasaanam, wakefield sarr joonn scotinoppam swantham prathirodham nadatthi raajaavinte benchinte kodathiyil loard keniyanin munnil hajaraayi. pusthaka vilppanakkaranaaya joonn kattellinte vichaaranaykk thottupinnaale athe jooriyumaayi addehathinte vichaarana thudarnnu. prosecution kesinte bhooribhaagavum "marupadi" yill ninnaan vaayichath. kodathiyilum prakriyayilum neethiyude abhaavathinethire wakefield vyavasthaapithavum vyakthigathavumaya akramanam nadatthi. apakeerthikaramaaya ulladakkathinayi addeham oru abhibhaashakanodoppam laghulekha parishodhichirunnu. jadji skottine pinthunachukondu samgrahikkukayum juurii viramikkathe kuttabodhamulla vidhi nalkukayum cheythu.
raajyadrohaparamaaya apakeerthippeduthiyathi wakefield dorchester gaavalil rund varsham thadavilaayirunnu. 1801ll roobert southi jayilil ninnu mochithanaayi, 1801 septambar 9nuu typhus panii baadhichu hackneyil vachu marichu. addehathinte library liie, sotarbi & kambani lelathinu vechirunnu. 1802 maarchil.
scholarship.
"nammude pothu pathippil (1789) thettayi vivarthanam cheyyappetta puthiya niyamatthinte bhaagangalude maathram oru puthiya vivarthanathe thudarnnu 1791-ll wakefield" "puthiya niyamatthinte vivarthanam, kurippukalode" "moonnu vaalyangalayi cheythu". addehathinte ormmakkurippukalil, prathyekichu labhicha vaachakavumaayi ooriyantal pathippukale thaarathamyappeduthumbol, eee kruthi advaanakaramaayirunnuvennu wakefield rekhappeduthunnu; ennaal "ente mattu ellah prasidheekaranangalum orumichu cherkkunnathinekkaal enikku valare laabhakaramaayirunnu". 1795ll oru parishkaricha pathipp puratthirangi.
wakefield vividha classical ezhuthukaarude pathippukal prasidheekarichu, addehathinte daivashaasthra rachanakalil "kristhuvinte vyakthithvathekkurichu aadyakaala kristhyan ezhuthukaar" (1784), "silva critica" (1789-95), thiruvezhuthukalude chithreekaranangal enniva ulppedunnu.
kudumbam.
wakefield 1779-ll joonn vaatsan curettaayirunna stockport sent meriyil addehathinte anantharavalaaya aan whatsonine (maranam 1819) vivaham kazhichu. avarkk anchu aanmakkalum rund penmakkalum undaayirunnu. 
avarude makal aan, mosham aarogyathil, gilbert jayililadaykkunnathinu thottumunbu, livarpoolinte arikilulla eettan hausil peettar cromptoninum bharyaykkumoppam thamasikkaan pooyi. mootha makanaaya jorj, wakefieldumaayi nalla bandhamundaayirunna henry joonn richmaante keezhil dorchester vyaakarana schoolil chernnu. eee samayat vilyam sheppered thante ilaya sahodaran gilbertine paripaalichu. wakefieldinte gavlerude makan anishtamaaya shradha nalkia penmakkalil oraal vilyam roscoicoppam thamasikkaan pooyi.

