
kipping palli

denmarkile vadakkupadinjaaran faalstarile vesttar kippingin oosttar kippingin idayilaanu kipping charchu (). ithu redslev maratthinu padinjaraanu. moonnu prashasthamaaya athbhuthangalkk nandi, aadyakaala gothik palli pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare niravadhi theerthaadakare aakarshichu. pathinalam noottaandinte madhyam muthalulla sambannamaaya navothaana furnitureukalkkum chumarchitrangalkkum ithu ariyappedunnu.
charithram.
vishudha neeruravayude rogashanti gunangalude falamaayi palli nilaninnu. 1338 aayappozhekkum, edavaka palliyude iruvashathum vesttar, austerkipping gramangal valarnnu, avaa graamapradesangalil otappetta oru sthalathaayirunnu. madhyakaalakhattathil, palli kanyaka merikkaayi samarppikkappettirunnu. moonnu prashasthamaaya athbhuthangal kaaranam noottaandukalaayi akarshikkappetta theerthaadakarkku eee palli prashasthamaayirunnu. aadyathe athbhutham 1492-leeii rakthasraavam sambandhicha vishudhagrandhamaayirunnu. randaamathethu kanyaka meriye chithreekarikkunna athbhuthakaramaaya balipeetamaayirunnu.
pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil, engleesh "adavosan" ennathinu samanamaaya purohitharude niyamanathinulla avakashangal kireedatthinu undaayirunnu. 1767ll ithu swakaarya udamasthathaykku vittu, pakshe 1868ll edavakayile pouranmaarkku vilkkunnathuvare samsthaanam athu veendum swanthamaakki. 1938ll ithu poornna swaathanthryam nedi.
vaasthuvidya.
moonnu vashangalulla oru chaansalayi avasaanikkunna eee nabhiye aadyakaala gothik shailiyil oru charivulla aditharayil chuvanna ishtika kondaanu nirmmichathu. 1300. vadakke vaathil, athinte konulla kamaanavum purohithante vaathilum ishtikayaal nirmmichirikkunnu, athesamayam kurachu parishkaricha thekke vaathil ippozhum upayogathilundu. gothik kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathilaanu poomukhavum gopuravum chertthathu. theerthaadanavumaayi bandhapetta gopurathodu chernnulla padinjaaran chaappal parishkaranatthinu alppam munbaanu nirmmichathu ennathil samshayamilla. thudakkathil chansalinu anchu cheria pooyint jalakangal undaayirunnu, avaykku pakaram ettavum puthiya vrithaakrithiyilulla kamana jalakangal sthaapichu. 1911-ll barok gopuram naveekarichu. athinte adithara ashtabhujaakrithiyilulla vilakkulla sakthamaaya thaazhikakkudatthinte roopathilaanu. sariyaaya gopuram uyaramullathum nerthathumaanu.
akathalavum fitting.
jorgan ringnis oorikkulaar shailiyil sankeernamaayi kothiyeduttha kruthikalude mikacha udaaharanagal palli nalkunnu. orupakshe anthonius klement varacha oru kendrachithramulla balithadaakatthinu (1633) chuttum maathyoovinteyum adayaalathinteyum roopangalundu. vishwaasam, prateeksha, daanadharmmangal ennivayude pratheekamaaya sthreeroopangalum ithu avatharippikkunnu, koodaathe maalaakhamaar kondu alankarichirikkunnu. peedatthil kristhuvinte rund roopangalundu, onnu addehathinte namakaranam, mattonn avasana athaazham. lookkinteyum joninteyum roopangal kornisinte iruvashathum nilkkunnu.
vipulamaayi kothiyeduttha ashtabhujaakrithiyilulla aksharangalum melappy ringnis (1635) aanu, naalu suvisheshakarude roopangal adisthaanam vahikkunnu. eratta kamaanamulla paanalukal prakhyapanam, kristhuvinte jananam, maanthrikante aaradhana, parichhedana enniva avatharippikkunnu. adithattilullathupole kamana falakangalulla ashtabhujaakrithiyilulla vilakku aakruthiyilulla melaappayil aann, penn aushadhasasyangal undu. madhyabhaagathu nagnachithrangalulla oru snapana rangam undu. uyarnna niramullathum svarnnanirathilullathumaaya finish punasthaapichu. pookkal, hermukal, sadgunangalude chinnangal enniva kondu alankaricha onpathu paanalukalaanu laattis coyer screenil (1650) adangiyirikkunnathu. peedatthil aadaaminteyum eevudeyum nagna roopangal undu, athesamayam mukalile kaarttouch kristhuvine globe vahikkunnathayi avatharippikkunnu. 1680ll hans loridsen eee screen alankarichappol, vividha sthaanangalil oru sthreeyude aarr cheria paintingukalum chertthu. ringnisinte pulpit (1631) naxkov palliyile suvisheshakarudeyum snapakanaaya joonn, kristhu, mosse ennivarude roopangalkku samaanamaan. niramulla alankaarangalum paintingukalum orupakshe anthonius klementinte srishtiyaayirikkaam.
palliyil rund pazhaya kroosheekaranangalundu, onnu pathinalam noottaandil ninnullathum mattonn pathinanjaam noottaandil ninnullathum. padinjaaran chaappalile pazhaya phondu gotland chunnaambukallaanu. athinte adithara naalu thalakalaal alankarichirikkunnu.
chuvarchithrangal.
chaansalile chuvarchithrangal sii yill ninnullathaanu. 1300. 1904ll avaa linewashinu keezhil veendum kandethukayum 1909ll punasthaapikkukayum cheythu. nannayi nirmmicha paintingukal pradhaanamaayum kipping varkshoppile kalakaaranmaar 3,4 adhyayangalil ninnulla chithrangal avatharippikkunnu. kizhakkan panalil, mariyavum snaapanakkaaranaaya john rund maalaakhamaarum kristhuvineyum kaananakum. padinjaaru aadam, eevu ennivayude chumarchithrangalum kaayen, aabel ennivarude yaagangalum undu. vadakke panalil frathricide sent michael dragonine neridunnathaayi kaanikkunnu. vadakkan nilavarayude kizhakk bhagam vellachaattathod chernnulla prakhyapanam avatharippikkunnu. 

