
kafekal

ottoman kottaaratthinte saamraajyathva haraminte bhaagamaayirunnu kafekal (, muthal), aksharaarthatthil "koodu", avide simhaasanathinte pingaamikalkk house-arast, kottara kaavalkkaarude nirantharamaaya nireekshanam enniva nalkiyirunnu.
marichupoya sulthaante athiraalikalaaya puthranmaar thammilulla pinthudarchaavakaasha yudhangalaal ottoman saamraajyathinte aadyakaala charithram niranjirikkunnu. oru puthiya sultan thante sahodaranmaare konnath saadhaaranamaayirunnu, chilappol sisukkal ulppede dussen kanakkinu sahodaranmaare oresamayam. eee sambradaayam simhaasanathilekkulla avakaashavaadikalude ennam kurachu, ithu ottoman vamshavali avasanikkaan uddeshichirunna niravadhi sandarbhangalilekku nayichu. anantharaavakaashikalude thadankal oru bharanadhikaariyaaya sultanu surakshyum raajavamshathinte thudarchayum nalki.
aadya upayogam.
1617ll ahamed onnaaman marikkumbol, addehathinte mootha makanu 13 vayass maathrame undaayirunnulloo, 14 thalamurakalil aadyamaayi, saamraajyathva kaunsil pinthudarchaavakaasham maatti, angane antharicha sulthaante sahodaran 25 vayassulla mustafa onnamanaayi simhaasanathil chernnu. adutha varsham addehathe sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayum (aadyamaayi) kafekalile aadyathe thadavukaaranaakkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum adhehavum muun thalamurakaliludanilamulla mattu rajakumaaranmaarum sukhakaramaaya thadavilulla mattu pala sthalangalilum verpeduthappettirunnu.
seeniyorittiyude bharanam.
adutha thavana 1687ll oru makano ilaya sahodarano thammil pinthudarchaavakaasham thiranjedukkukayum sahodaran veendum munganana nalkukayum cheythu. athinusesham, adutha thalamurayile mootha purushante pinthudarchaykku munbu pazhaya thalamurayile ellah purushanmaarum thalarnnupokunnathinaayi oosmaanude bhavanathile pinthudarchaavakaasha niyamamaayi agnetic seeniority sweekarichu. eee niyamam mattu islaamika raajyangalum pradhaanamaayum sweekarichittundu.
sahodaranmaareyum casinsineyum marumakkaleyum koottilitt nirthunnathu saadhaaranamaayitheernnu, saadhaaranayaayi avar praayapoorthiyaakumbol haramil (vanita kwartezhs) ninnu purathupoyathinu thottupinnaale. ithu avarude vidyaabhyaasathinte avasaanathe adayaalappeduthukayum niravadhi sultaanakal bharanakarthaakkalaakaan thayyarakathe, koodinu purathulla sarkkaarineyo karyangaleyo kurichu oru parichayavumillathe simhaasanathil athukayum cheythu. avide avarkk adimakaludeyum avarude haramukalile sthreekaludeyum koottam maathrame undaayirunnulloo, idaykkide sthaanabhrashtaraakkappetta sulthaanmaarumaayi.
thadavinte alavu oro bharanakaalathum vyathyasthamaayirunnu. abdullaziz (1861-76) thante ardhasahodaranaaya abdulmezid onnaamante pingamiyaayi simhaasanathil irikkumbol thante anantharavanmaare koottil othukkiyenkilum avarkk kurachu swaathanthryam anuvadichu. 1867ll europilekku yaatra cheythappol addeham thante rund mootha anantharavanmaare koode kondupoyi. vyathyastha samayangalil, koodile thadavukaar vandhyayaya veppaattikale maathram kondupokunnuvennu urappaakkendath nayamaayirunnu. thathfalamaayi, chila sultanmar simhaasanathil cherunnathuvare puthranmaare prasavichilla. eee puthranmaar, avarude pithaakkanmaarude maranasamayathe avarude youvanam kaaranam, praayapoortthiyaayavarude bharanam urachunilkkunnuvennu urappakki, angane chilappol oru sulthaante makan pithaavinte simhaasanathil cherunnathinu munbu bandhukkaludeyum mootha sahodaranmaarudeyum bharanakaalathu thadavilakkappettu.
koodile chila thadavukaarkku praayamaakukayum simhaasanathil kayaranullah avasaram labhikkunnathin munbu avide vachu marikkukayum cheythu. koottil thadavilaakkappettavar kafekalile thadavukaarude vyakthithvathil valia swaadheenam cheluthukayum avaril palarkkum maanasika vaikalyangal undaakukayum cheythu. sthaanabhrashtanaaya oru sultan oru anantharaavakaashiyum koodinullil aathmahathya cheythu.
pinneedulla varshangal.
avasaanathe automan sultaanaaya mehmet vii vaahidethin (1918-22) simhaasanathil athumbol 56 vayassayirunnu, jeevithakalam muzhuvan addeham haramilo koodiloo aayirunnu. ammavan (abdul assies) addehathe koottil othukkukayum moonnu mootha sahodaranmaarude bharanakaalathu avide thaamasikkukayum cheythu. oru sulthaante mungaamikal thadavilaakkiya ettavum dairkhyameriyathum avasaanathethumaaya thadavarayaayirunnu athu. 
automan raajavamshathinte pilkkala varshangalil, rajakumaaranmaare thadavilaakkiya yadhaartha sthalathekkaal avare thadavilaakkiyathinte oru roopakamaayi eee koodukal mariyirunnu. avasaanathe sulthaante anantharaavakaashiykk sultan thaamasichirunna dolmabahi kottaaratthil, bosphorusil appaartmentukal undaayirunnu. sthaanabhrashtanaakkappetta avasana sulthaante mootha sahodaran (abdulhamit randaaman) thante avasana varshangalil bailerbay kottaaratthil thiranjeduttha murikalil othungukayum 1918 ll avide vachu marikkukayum cheythu. koottinte yadhaartha sthalamaaya topcapy kottaram valarekkaalamaayi saamrajya kudumbatthinte upayogashoonyamaayirunnu.