ghraana naadi

aadyathe craniel naadi, craniel naadi i, allengil cn i ennum ariyappedunna ghraana naadi, manam enna bodhavumaayi bandhapetta censory naadi naarukal adangiyirikkunna oru craniel naadiyaan.
ghraana risapttar neuronukalude afarant naadi naarukal durgandhathekkurichulla naadi aavegangal kendra naadeevyavasthayilekku (ghraanam) kaimarunnu. bhroona nassel placodil ninnu uruthirinja ghraana naadi thalayotiyile njarambukalil asaadhaaranamaanu, kaaranam kedupaadukal sambhavichaal kurachu punarujjeevanathinu ithinu kazhiyum. ghraana naadi samvedana swabhaavamullathum nassica arayude mukal bhaagathulla ghraana shleshmathil ninnu uthbhavikkunnathumaan. ghraana mucosayil ninnu, naadi (yadhaarthathil niravadhi cheria naadi faasikkalukal) ethmoid asthiyude cribrifom plettiloode sanjarichu thalachorinte uparithalathil athunnu. ivide faasikkalukal ghraana bulbilekku praveshikkukayum avide synapse cheyyukayum cheiyunnu; bulbukalil ninnu (iruvashathum onnu) ghraana vivarangal ghraananaalam vazhi thalachorilekku kaimaattam cheyyappedunnu. ghraana nadiyude faasikkalukal oru mrithadeha thalachoril drishyamaakilla, kaaranam avaa neekkam cheyyumbol vichedikkappedunnu. 
ghadana.
ghraana nadiyude prathyeka ghraana risapttar neuronukal nassica arayude mukal bhaagangalile ghraana mucosayilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. ghraana njarambukalil ghraana epithelium muthal ghraana bulb vare vyaapichukidakkunna niravadhi censory naadi naarukalude oru shekharam adangiyirikkunnu, ithu ethmoid asthiyude arippa polulla gadanayaaya cribrifom plettinte niravadhi thuravikaliloode kadannupokunnu.
shwaasamedukkumbol naasa arayile nassel eppitheeliyathil athunna vyathyastha speshyal, kemikkal, electrical gunangalulla prachoditha vaayuvil cheria thanmathrakal resepterukale uthejippikkunnathil ninnaan gandham undaakunnath. eee uthejakangal ghraana neuronukalile vaidyutha pravarthanatthilekku kaimaattam cheyyappedunnu, athu eee aavegangal ghraana bulbilekku kaimarukayum avide ninnu avaa ghraananaalam vazhi thalachorinte ghraana pradeshangalil athukayum cheiyunnu.
panthrand thalayotti njarambukalil ettavum cheruthaanu ghraana naadi, opttik nadic samaanamaayi, masthishkathil ninnu purathuvarunnilla.
pravartthanam.
ghraana risapttar neuronukalude afarant naadi naarukal durgandhathekkurichulla naadi aavegangal kendra naadeevyavasthayilekku kaimarunnu, avide avaa manam (ghraanam) aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
ghraana naadi special visaral afferent (ezz. vii. eiii) aanu.
klinikkal praadhaanyam.
parisodhana.
eee nadic kedupaadukal sambhavikkunnath ghraana nadiyude pravartthanam parishodhikkunnathinaayi durgandhabodhathinte vaikalyathilekko poornnamaaya nashtatthilekko nayikkunnu, oro naasaarandhravum theekshnamaaya gandham upayogichu parishodhikkunnu. durgandham vamikkunnundenkil, ghraana naadi pravartthikkaan saadhyathayund. maruvashathu, durgandham illengil vishadeekarikkaan kazhiyunna niravadhi kaaranangalil onnu maathramaan naadi. sakthamaaya durgandham kaardukalil ulcherkkukayum oro durgandhathodumulla rogiyude prathikaranangal nirnnayikkaan kazhiyukayum cheiyunna ghraana parisodhanaa paakkattukal undu.
murivukal.
attimari-thirichuvaravu kedupaadukal, meninchaitis, thalachorinte frondall lobinte tumours thudangiya "moorchayulla aaghaatham" kaaranam ghraana naadiyilekkulla murivukal sambhavikkam. eee parikkukal palappozhum ruchiyum manavum kuraykkaanulla kazhivilekku nayikkunnu. ghraana nadiyude shathangal nassel eppitheeliyathil ninnulla vedana thirichariyaanulla kazhivu kurayunnathilekku nayikkunnilla. nassel eppitheeliyathil ninnulla vedana kendra naadeevyavasthayilekku ghraana naadi kondupokaarilla-ithu trigiminal naadi kendra naadeevyavasthayilekku kondupookunnu.
vaardhakyavum manamum.
manam kelkkanulla kazhivu kurayunnathu manushyante vaardhakyathinte oru saadhaarana anantharafalamaanu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi sthreekalil ullathinekkaal purushanmaarilaan kooduthalaayi kaanappedunnath. ruchiyude kazhivu kurayunnathu avar sradhichekkaamennathiko rogikalil ithu palappozhum thirichariyappedunnilla (ruchiyude bhooribhaagavum yadhaarthathil bhakshanathinte gandhathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu). eee kurravil chilath aavarthichulla upper respiratory anubadhakal kaaranam ghraana naadi resepterukalkku aavarthichulla kedupaadukal moolamaanu undaakunnath. alshimezhs rogamulla rogikalkku pareekshikkumbol mikkavarum ellaayppozhum asaadhaaranamaaya manam anubhavappedunnu.
thalachorilekkulla vazhi.
mookkilekku praveshikkunna chila naanoparttikkilukal ghraana naadi vazhi thalachorilekku kondupookunnu. ithu marunnukalude nassel administration upayogapradamaakum. vaayu malineekaranathil kanikakal massie allengil magnettaitt aayirikkumbol ithu doshakaramaanu.
negleriyaasil, "braine-eetting" ameeba nassica koshangalude ghraana mucosayiloode praveshikkukayum ghraana naadi naarukale pinthudarnnu ghraana balbukalilekkum thudarnnu thalachorilekkum praveshikkukayum cheiyunnu.

