
yamas

yoga thathwashaasthrathinulle "sariyaaya jeevitam" allengil dhaarmika niyamangalude oru parambaraye yamangalum avayude poorakamaaya niyamangalum prathinidheekarikkunnu. niyanthranam" allengil "niyanthranam" ennaanu ithinartham. vedangalilum yoga soothrangalilum nalkiyittullathupole sariyaaya perumaattathinulla niyanthranangalaaniva. avaa dhaarmika anivaaryathakal, kalppanakal, niyamangal allengil lakshyangalude oru roopamaanu. mattullavarumaayum svayam bandhatheyum badhikkunna prathibaddhathakale prathinidheekarikkunna svayam niyanthranangalude "iva cheyyaruthu" enna pattikayaanu yama. paripooraka niyamangal "iva cheyyuka" enna aachaarangalude pattikaye prathinidheekarikkunnu, koodaathe yamangalum niyamangalum orumichu nannayi jeevikkanulla vyakthiparamaaya kadamakalaanu.
yama" yekkurichulla aadya paramarsham rigvedathilaanu, hindu mathatthinte ambathiladhikam grandhangal, athinte vividha paarambaryangalil ninnu, yamangalekkurichu charcha cheiyunnu. pathanjaliyude yoga soothrangalil pathanjaliyude anchu yamangal pattikappedutthiyittundu. aida1" enna vaakyathile yaajnjavalkya smrithi, shandilya, varaha upanishathukal, swaraamayude "hada yoga pradeepika", thirumoolatthile thirumanthiram ennivayulppede niravadhi hindu grandhangalil patthu yamangale "niyanthranangal" ennu krodeekarichirikkunnu.
ahimsa (ahimsa), sathya (mithya, sathyam), astheya (moshtikkaathirikkal), mitahara (bhakshanathil amithamaayirikkathirikkal, bhakshanathil mithathwam), shamam (kashtappaadinekkurichulla achanjalatha, kshama), dayaa (munvidhiyillaathathu, anukamba) ennivayaanu ettavum kooduthal paraamarshikkappedunna yamangal. yamangal vishaalamaayi prayogikkukayum oraalude pravarthanangalilum vaakkukalilum chinthakalilum aathmaniyanthranam ulppeduthukayum cheiyunnu.
padavyuthpathiyum ardhavum.
yamangalekkurichulla aadyakaala paramarsham hindu vedagrandhamaaya rigvedathil kaanapedunnu, udaaharanathinu 5.61.2 enna vaakyathilum pinneedu jaina aagamangalilum. rigvedathile vaakkinte ardham "niyanthranam, niyanthranam", oru radhayaathrikano drivero polullavar niyanthrikkunnatho niyanthrikkunnatho aaya pravartthanam ennaanu. jaina aagamangalil eee padam dhaarmika niyanthranamaayum dhaarmika kadamayayum parinamikkunnu. yoga thathwachinthayudeyum parisheelanathinteyum 8 madangu paathayude aadyapadiyaayi pathanjaliyude yoga soothrangalil pathanjaliyaanu yamangale vishadamaayi vishadeekarichathu.
samyamanam" ennartham varunna samskritha padamaaya yamayil ninnaan engleesh padamaaya yamas uruthirinjathu, steefan starjas parayunnu, prathyekichu "dosham varuthunna pravartthanangal, vaakkukal allengil chinthakal" ennivayil ninnu.
uravidam anusarichu yamas.
uravidathinanusarichu yamangalude ennam vyathyaasappedunnu
kuranjathu arupath (60) purathana, madhyakala indian grandhangalenkilum ithuvare ariyappedunnu, avaa yamangalekkurichu charcha cheiyunnu. avayil mikathum samskrithathilaanu, ennaal chilath praadeshika indian bhaashakalilaan. arupathil, eee pathinonnu grandhangalile pattikakal pathanjaliyude pattikaykku samaanamaan, pakshe samaanamalla. mattu grandhangal 1 muthal 10 vare "yama" ennu pattikappedutthunnu, ennirunnaalum 10 aanu ettavum saadhaaranam.
pattikappedutthiya yamangalude kramam, oro yamayudeyum perukalum swabhaavavum, athupole thanne aapekshikamaya oonnalum grandhangalkkidayil vyathyaasappedunnu. chila grandhangal mattu grandhangalil niyamangalude vipareethathe yamangalayi upayogikkunnu; udaaharanathinu, trishikhi braahmana upanishathile 33-aamm vaakyathil yamangalude pattikayil vivarichirikkunna "bairagyam" (bhogavaadathil ninnulla vyathichalanavum niyama "tapas" nuu alppam vipareethavum). pala grandhangalum avarude yamangalude pattikayil onno athiladhikamo vyathyastha aashayangalkk pakaramaayi varunnu. udaaharanathinu, yathidharma samghraham pattikappedutthiya patthu yamangalil, akroda (noonn-enchar) oru yamamaayi ulppeduthiyittundu. 31.19 enna vaakyathile ahirbudhanya samhithayilum 1.14-15 enna vaakyangalile darshana upanishathilum "dayaa" oru yamanayi ulppeduthukayum nigamanangalilekku chaadaathirikkuka, oro jeeviyodum anukamba kaanikkuka, mattullavarude kashtappaadukal svanthamaayi kanakkaakkuka ennivayude dhaarmika niyanthranamaayi athine vishadeekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. 31.21 enna vaakyathil, ahirbudhanya samhithayil shamayudeyum mattullavar cheytha thettaaya pravrithikalil ninnulla thudarchayaaya prakshobhatthil ninnulla niyanthranathinteyum gunamaayi kshamaye ulppeduthiyittundu. ii.11.723 muthal ii.11.738 vareyulla vaakyangalile mahakala samhita mukalil paranjirikkunna 10 yamangalil palathum pattikappedutthunnu, ennaal enthukondaanu ithu mattoru vidhathil oru sadgunamennu vishadeekarikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, "dayaa" (allengil dayaa) oru dhaarmika kalpanayum valareyadhikam kuranja vikaarangalil ninnulla niyanthranavumaanennu eee vaachakam vishadeekarikkunnu. dayaa" oraalude aantharikaavasthaye prathifalippikkunnu, bandhukkal, suhruthu, aparichithan, sathruthayulla vyakthi ennivarumaayulla dayayude prakadanamaanu, saahacharyangal enthuthanneyaayaalum oraal nallavan dayayullavanumaayi thudaranamennum ithu soochippikkunnu. dhaarmikatha nilanirthunnathino padippikkunnathino vittunilkkunnath vanchanaykkum sthaanathum jeevithathilum munnerunnathinaayi oraalude guruvinodu nuna parayunnathinum ozhikazhivu nalkunnu. dayaa" yude yamangalekkurichulla eee kaazhchappaad shaandilya upanishathum jabala darshana upanishathum pankidunnu. 48-aamm vaakyathile athrisamhitha, oraalude pravrithikaliloodeyo vaakkukaliloodeyo chinthakaliloodeyo eathoru jeevajaalathodumulla kroorathayil ninnulla niyanthranamaayi "armshasya" (aarshashya) pattikappedutthunnu. 2. 9-aamm vaakyathile shivayoga deepika "sathya" ennathinu pakaram "suurya" ennu vilikkunnu, sooryane "maduravum sathyavumaya samsaram" ennu nirvachikkunnu.
yogayude aditharayum oru tharam jeevithavum asthithvavumaanu yamangal.
ahimsa, sathya, astheya, mitahara, kshaama, dayaa enniva eee grandhangalil bhooribhaagavum vyaapakamaayi charcha cheiyunna yama dhaarmika ashayangalil onnaanu.

