
cardia

pivatt keelthattil thookkiyidunna purathana roman devathayaayirunnu cardia allengil carda (laattin "cardo, cardinis"). augustan kavi oovid avale kaarna enna mattoru purathana devathayumaayi bandhippikkunnu, avarude utsavam juun maasatthile kaalendukalil aaghoshikkappedukayum avarkk craine allengil crainia enna mattoru peru nalkukayum cheiyunnu. devathakalekkurichulla oovidinte samyojanam addehathinte kaavyathmaka kandupiduthamaayirikkam, pakshe "kaarna" ennathu "cardina" yude oru churungiya roopamaanennum kuranjathu avarude paarambaryangal yojichathaanennum oovid nireekshichuvennum anumaanikkappedunnu.
cardia vaathilukalum.
sabhayude pithaakkanmaarude kristheeya vivaadathil, kardia vaathilukalkk melnottam vahikkunna rund anjjaatha devathakalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu forculus, "munvashath", "vaathil", bahuvachanam roopathil kaaranam pothu kettidangalilum elaitt veedukalilum eratta vaathilukal saadhaaranamaayirunnu ("domukal"); limen, liminis "," threashold "(engleesh" liminal "thaarathamyam cheyyuka). sent. oru manushyakudumbathinu oru vaathil kaavalkkaaran mathiyaakumenkilum, roman daivangalkku moonnu aavasyamaanennu soochippichukondu, "augustin eee" cheria daivangalude "nissaarathaye parihasikkunnu" vyakthamayum forkulasinu ore samayam keelum varanthayum kaanaan kazhiyilla."eee prathyeka devathakal vishudha idam adayaalappeduthunnathinum athirthikal nischayikkunnathinumulla achaarangalil pedunnavayaanennu aadhunika paandithyangal choondikkaanichittundu, idaya samoohathil ninnu kaarshika samoohathilekkulla parivartthana samayat mathaparamaya sambhavavikasangal sambhavichathayi anumaanikkappedunnu. itharathilulla roman devathakalil, terminus ettavum praadhaanyamarhikkunnu.
eee moonnu kavaada devathakalkkum prapanchashaasthrathil "ionitors terrestress", "bhoomiyude vaathil sookshippukaaranmaar", bhouma golatthilekkulla paatha samrakshikkunna sthaanamundennu stephaan weinstock anumaanichu. marsianus capella avatharippicha schemayil, "ianitorus terresterukal" ettavum thaazhnna raankilulla devathakalkkidayil 16-aamm mekhalayilum, divya vaathil kaavalkkaranaaya jaanas "mikacha" mekhala 1-lum sthaapichittundu. eee krameekaranam ayananthangalumaayi thirichariyappedunna aakaashathinte rund vaathilukalaaya "ianuye koyiliye" prathinidheekarikkam. sevilleyile isidor parayunnath, rund "ianuye koyli" undu, onnu uyarunnathum (athaayath kizhakk) onnu asthamikkunnathum (padinjaaru): "suuryan oru kavaadatthil ninnu munnerunnu, maruvashathu avan pinnott pookunnu."
lokathinte golam karangunna achuthandinte vadakku-thekk pivottukalaaya "cardins" ("cardo" yude bahuvachanam) ennathinte vishadeekaranamaanu icidorinte nirvachanathe pinthudarunnathu. iva oru roman vaathilinte mukalilum thaazheyumulla pivatt keelukalkku samaanamaan.
doorr hinch" enna ardhathinu purame, roman sarveyilum nagaraasoothranatthilum "cardo" oru adisthaana ashayam koodiyaayirunnu. oru pattanatthinte pradhana vadakku-thekk theruvaaya "cardo" yaayirunnu, athinte sarveyil bhouma, aakasha bahiraakaashathe vinyasikkunna oogral nadapadikramangal pankedutthu. roman sainyathinte marching kyaambinte leauttile oru thathwamaayirunnu "cardo", athinte kavaadangal cardinalumaayi (laattin "cardo/cardinis" enna vakkil ninnu uruthirinja vaakk) vinyasichirikkunnu, ithu bhoopradesam anuvadikkunna alavilekku viral choondunnu.
carna beans-kaalandukalum.
macrobius (anchaam noottaand) parayunnath "kaarna" enna peru "karoo, carnis", "maamsam, maamsam, bhakshanam" (engleesh "carnell", "carniver" ennivayumaayi thaarathamyam cheyyuka) ennivayil ninnaan uruthirinjathennum aval hridayathinteyum manushyashareeratthinte supradhana bhaagangaludeyum rakshaadhikaariyaayirunnavum parayunnu. conflated cardia-kaarnaykk kaaranamakunna rakthakkuzhalukalude "strijukal" ozhivakkaanulla shakti orupakshe kaarnayudethaayirikkam, athesamayam vaathil posttukalil sthaapichirikkunna akarshanangal sariyaaya cardiayudethaanu.
karnayude virunnu divasam kalandaril "nephaastas" aayi adayaalappeduthiyirunnu; athaayath, oru niyamasabhayo kodathiyo vilikkaan kazhiyaatha oru pothu avadhiyaayirunnu athu. orupakshe varutha beensukalumaayo hoppinjonumaayo thaarathamyappeduthaavunna oru vibhavamaya metha beans pappayayum avarkk "rez divina" ennu vaagdaanam cheyyappettu, athinaal eee divasam "kalande faberia", beane-calends ennariyappettu, kaaranam eee samayat beane vilaveduppu pakwata praapichu. oru bhakshyavilakalenna nilayil avayude praadhaanyathinu purame purathana greasileyum romileyum beensinu niravadhi maanthrika-mathaparamaya gunangalundaayirunnu.
vilyam warde foular carna oru purathana devathayaayi kanakkakki, avarude aaradhana mathaparamaya naveekaranamo parishkaranamo vazhi punarujjeevippikkathilppedathil republicinte avasaanathode avyakthathayilekk pooyi. aarogyathinte devathayaayi karnaye kanakkakkunnu. avalude avyakthamaaya swabhaavam aval prerippicha athisayakaramaaya vyathyasthamaaya pandithochithamaaya anumanangalaal soochippikkappedunnu "avale visova oru chthonik daivathvamaayi kanakkakki, pettaasoni oru chandra devathayaayum, laatte oru beane devathayaayum, dumessil dahanathinte rakshaadhikaariyaayum kanakkakki".
oovidinte "phaasti" yill.
kraanayude balaalsangam.
oovidinte "phaasti" yill, kavi avancular njaaniyumaayaanu chithreekarichirikkunna oru daivamaaya jaanas, nymph krana balaalsangam cheiyunnu. oru kaavyasrishtiyenna nilayil, aadhikaarikamaaya naadodikkadhakal, puraavastu parijnjaanam, saangalppika vipuleekaranam enniva samyojippikkunna savisheshamaaya kettichamacha oru kruthiyaanu "phaasti". purathana punarujjeevanatthinte maravil palappozhum saamraajyathva prachaaranatthinte puthumakalaayirunna augustasinte matha parishkaarangalude nilavilulla yaadhaasthithikathaykethiraaya oovidinte velluviliyaayi ithu vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu.
maasatthile aadya divasam kaarnaykk samarppichirikkunnave sradhichaanu oovid aarambhikkunnath. cardia ennu mattevideyengilum ariyappedunna keel devathayaayi avan avale thirichariyunnu, oovid enna peru upayogikkunnilla "avalude divya saannidhyathiloode (" neumen ") aval adachitta karyangal thurakkukayum thuranna karyangal adaykkukayum cheiyunnu."avalude shakthikalude uravidam (" "adikaarangal" ") kaalakramena (" "eavam" ") avyakthamaayitheernnirinnu, pakshe thante kavita (" "carmen" ") kaaryam vyakthamaakkumenn addeham vaagdaanam cheiyunnu (6.101-104)".
mattuvidhathil anjjaathanaaya devanaaya alarnasinte (cardiayude pithavaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna) vishudha thoppaanu ("lucus"), avarkkayi, samsthaana purohithanmaar ippozhum "sacra", vishudha achaarangal nadathunnu. akkaalat crana ennu perittirunna nymph avide janichu. aval oru vettakkaariyaayirunnu, palappozhum "feebasinte sahodari" ennu thettidharikkappettu, athaayath diana, villum ambum upayogikkunnathinu pakaram vettayaadunna jaavalinukalum valakalum upayogichirunnuvennu maathram. avalude niravadhi pranayithaakkal avale vasheekarikkan shramichappol, aval svakaaryathayude abhavam avakaashappett oororutharkkum ore thanthram prayogichu "otappetta oru guhayilekk nayikkuka, njaan pinthudarum."nishkalankanaaya cheruppakkaar munnott pookumbool, krana kuttikkaadukalkkidayil maraykkunnathuvare (6.105-118) thadanjunirtthi.
janus nimphinodulla aagraham kondu pidichedukkappettu. athe thanthram upayogichu aval addehathinte madhurabhaashanathodu ("verbis molibus") prathikarichu; ennirunnaalum, komadiyudeyum kroorathayudeyum koottiyidikkunna oru savishesha nimishathil oovid choondikkaanikkunnathu, jaanasinte rund mukhangalum pinnil enthaanu sambhavikkunnathenn kaanaan anuvadikkunnu, kraanaykk avane ozhivakkaan kazhinjilla. aval shakthiyillaathavalaayirunnu ("neel agis", "ningalkk onnum cheyyaan kazhiyilla", kavi randuthavana aavarthikkunnu); daivam "avale aalinganam cheyth pidichedukkunnu", thante lakshyam nedaan avale keezhadakkiya sesham, ettumuttaline kararayi kanakkaakkunnu "njangalude laingika bandhathinu pakaramaayi (" proo veppattikku "), keelppaadatthinte avakasham (" ius ") ningaludethaayirikkum; ningal nikshepicha kanyakaathvathinulla prathifalamaayi athu edukkuka" (<aii. dii. 1>).
oru prathinjayaayi, veedukalude praveshana kavaadangalil ninnu doshakaramaaya swaadheenangale pinthirippikkaan kazhivulla waitoon allengil hathon avalkk nalkunnu (6.129-130). ithu perillaattha cardiayude kaattile oru kanyaka nymphil ninnu gaarhikathvathinte paridhi allengil athirukal ("limina") palikkunna oru devathayilekkulla parivartthanatthinte "keel" allengil vazhithirivaan. kraanayude balaalsangatthinte katha, greak roopangalekkaal roman vamshajar shekharichittundenkilum, oovidinte "roopaantharangalil" sthaanamillaathathalla naayika oru maramaayi marunnilla, pakshe avalude parivartthanam waitoon maratthinte adayaalathilaanu.
carna "strijukalum".
vitoninte "aishan" vishadeekarikkunnu, oovid parayunnu, enthukondaanu athinte oru shaakhayo kiliyo "tristtukale" pinthirippikkaan upayogikkunnathu... noxas, "moshamaaya doshangal", vaathilukalil ninnu ("munvashath"). ithu aavasyamaanu, kaaranam, urangunna sisukkalil ninnu raktham kudikkaan thayyaraya athyagrahamullah chirakukalulla jeevikal undu, avar ippozhum mulappal maathrame kazhikkunnulloo. eee jeevikale (6.131-142) oovid visheshippikkunnathu, valippamulla thalayum, pradhana annukalum, thattiyedukkunnathinum kondupokunnathinum anuyojyamaaya kokkukalumaanu; avayude chirakukal veluthathum avayude talonukal kokkukal poleyumaanu. avaykku "strigus", ekavachana "stricks" enna peru nalkiyittundu, ithu oru moongaye asubha shakunathinte pakshiyayi soochippikkunnu, ithu "stridio, strider", "shrike" enna kriyayil ninnu uruthirinjathaanennu karuthappedunnu. athesamayam, thante meshayilninn bhakshanam-athaayath haarppikal-moshtichu kudungiya phineasine peedippicha chirakulla jeevikalaanennu oovid parayunnu. chila shapa gulikakalile chithrangal oormmippikkunna "aswasthappeduthunna samyuktham" aanu avaa, avayilonnu oovidinte vivaranavumayi poruthappedunna "hridayabhakshana hekkett" kaanikkunnu. avaa yadhaarthathil enthaanennu parayaan prayaasamaanennu kavi thanne oonnipparayunnu, avaa pakshikalayi janichathaano atho oru manthraprayogathiloode parivartthanam cheyyappettathaano ("carmen", oovid enna vaakk swantham vivaranathe vivarikkan maathramaan upayogichathu). thudarnnu addeham "carmen" enna padatthe "oru kroninte maarshyan manthram" () ennu vilikkunnu.

