maikkal chiha

oru lebanese banker raashtreeyakkaaranum ezhuthukaaranum pathrapravartthakanumaayirunnu maikkal chiha (1891-1954). chaals corm, petro trade, omar daukku ennivaykkoppam lebanese bharanaghadanayude pithakkanmaaril oralaayi addeham kanakkaakkappedunnu. addehathinte ashayangalum pravartthanangalum aadhunika lebanante roopeekaranathil pradhana swaadheenam cheluthiyittundu.
jeevacharitram.
aadyakaala jeevithavum padanavum.
1891ll moundu lebanon govarnarettile aalee jillayile bamaakkinile oru kristhyan kudumbathilaanu maikkal chiha janichathu. aadhunika iraakhil ninnu kudiyeriya oru chaldo-azrian kudumbatthil ninnaan addeham varunnath. addehathinte pithaav aantoyin oru baankaraayirunnu, addeham 1876 ll lebananile beyroottil pharoon aandu chiha baank sthaapichu. addehathinte amma faravanmaaraaya beyroothile sambannamaaya oru melkkait kudumbatthil ninnullavaraayirunnu.
seyint-josaf sarvakalashaalayil patanam poortthiyaakkiya sesham 1907ll addeham beyroothile baank pharoon & chiha enna kudumba bisinasil chernnu. onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathum svayambharana parvathamaaya lebanon ottomaan adhiniveshathodeyum chiha 1915-ll bairoot vittu eejipthile keyroyil sthirathaamasamaakki. niyamapatanam thudarunnathinu purame, oru koottam suhruthukkalumaayi addeham avide thante raashtreeyajeevitham aarambikkukayum lebanoninte bhaviyekkurichu thante rashtreeya veekshanam vikasippikkukayum cheythu.
yudhathinte avasaanathil addeham lebananilekku madangukayum kudumba baankine nayikkukayum cheythu. ennaal taamasiyaathe, lebanante franch utharavu lebananinekkurichulla thante kaazhchappaad praavarthikamaakkaan addehathinu avasaram nalki. 1919ll beyroottil chaals corm sthaapicha "laa review fenician" enna chithrathinu addeham sambhavana nalki.
rashtreeya jeevitam.
1920 augustil ottomaan syriayil ninnaan lebanon samsthaanam roopeekarikkappettathu.
1920 septambar 1 nuu franch hicommissioner grettar lebanane prakhyaapichu. eee prakhyaapanatthil, prathyekichu athinte athirthikal sthaapikkunnathilum athinte aadyasthaapanangal sthaapikkunnathilum, maikkal chiha oru pradhana punk vahichu. 1925ll lebanese paarlamentil beyroottinte prathinidhiyayi chiha thiranjedukkappettu. 1929ll avasaanicha thante adhikaarathinte kaalath, lebanese bharanaghadanayum dhana, dhana samvidaanangalum sthaapikkunnathil addeham valare pradhana punk vahichu.
1926-ll addeham henry faroninte sahodariyaaya thante cussin maargarait faronine vivaham kazhichu. avarkk moonnu penmakkalundaayirunnu, mishelin (dii. 1940), madeline, maari-clair. 1929-ll, lebanoninekkurichulla thante kaazhchappaadinte pracharam nirthaathe, maikkal chiha thante ellah rashtreeya utharavaadithangalum upekshichu.
1937ll oru koottam suhruthukkalodoppam addeham franch bhasha pathramaya "leeii juur" swanthamaakki. 1954ll marikkunnathuvare, maikkal chiha thante rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukalum kaazhchappaadukalum thurannukaattikkond divasena thante "edittoriyal duu jore" nalki. eee kaalayalavil addeham franch bhashayil kavithakalum lekhanangalum prabhaashanangalum prasidheekarikkaan thudangi. 1940-ll addeham bairoot stokku ekschenchinte aditharayil pankedukkukayum engleeshil "eestten times" enna oru pathram sthaapikkukayum cheythu.
1943ll addehathinte bhaaryasahodaranaaya bechara ell khori puthuthayi swathanthramaaya lebanese republicinte presidentaayi. khuvaariyude bharanakaalathu (1943-1952) chiha oru upadeshtaavaayi sevanamanushtichu.
oru pradhana kaaranam addehathinte maranam vare thaalpparyamullathaayirunnu, prathyekichu prathyekichu arab-israel yudhathinushesham nadanna palasteen vishayam. eee lakshyathe prathirodhikkunnathil addeham sajeeva punk vahichu. 1954 desember desember lebananile beyroottil vachu addeham antharichu.
rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukal.
palasteen chodyam.
1948 meyy maasathil palasteen raajyathinte oru bhaagath israel raashtram prakhyapikkappettu. eee parajayam maikkal chiha thante edittoriyalukalil aavarthichu abhiprayappettu. 1945ll addeham ithinakam ezhuthiyittundu
oru rashtreeya thaalpparyavum palastheenil ninnu nammude shradha thirikkaruth! nammude veettumuttathu, eee lokathile ettavum vedanaajanakamaaya chodyangalilonnu ippol vikasichukondirikkukaya."
addehathe sambandhichidatholam eee prashnam lebanon nerittulla bheeshaniyaanu, 1947 desemberil maikkal chiha ezhuthunnu
(...) jootha raashtram srishtichu palasteene vibhajikkaanulla theerumaanam loka raashtreeyathile ettavum gurutharamaaya thettukalilonnaanu. ettavum athbhuthakaramaaya anantharafalangal prathyakshatthil cheria kaaryangalil ninnaan sambhavikkaan pogunnathu. lokathe athinte aditharayilekku elakkunnathil eee cheria kaaryathinu athinte punk vahikkaamenn parayunnathum aakshepakaramalla."
addehathinte edittoriyalukalil, paalastheenekkurichulla chodyam palappozhum aavarthikkum. puthuthayi janicha lebanon avasthaye apakadatthilaakkunna apakadangalekkurichu maikkal chiha ashraanthamaayi urachunilkkunnu. addehathinte edittoriyalukalil thaazhepparayunna vaakyangal naam kaanunnu
1946 muthalulla oru vaachakam innathe sambhavangalumayi nerittu bandhappettirikkunnu enna ardhathil innu oru prathyeka moolyam edukkum
...palastheenil american edapedalukal kooduthalaayi avar kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu oru poornnamaayum american chodyamaanennu thonnunnu. innu lokathile ettavum shaktharaaya american aikyanaadukalile janangal thangalude anukoolamaaya oru saahasikathayil ninnu atharamoru saahasikathaye marachuvekkunnathu khedakaramaanu; avar avarude ettavum pavitramaaya dhaarmikavum raashtreeyavumaaya thathwangalumaayi krithyamaaya vairudhyathilaanu."

