
kovalant adaptable network

thermosetting polymerukalumaayi (thermosettukal) saamyamulla oru tharam polymer meteeriyalaanu kovalant adaptable netvarkkukal (canukal). ennirunnaalum, polymer shringalayil dynamic kovalant kemistry ulppeduthunnathiloode avaa thermosettukalil ninnu verthirikkappedunnu. oru uthejanam (udaaharanathinu choodu, prakasham, piechu,...) meteeriyalil prayogikkumbol, eee chalanathmaka bondukal sajeevamaavukayum mattu theerppaakkaatha pravartthana grouppukalumaayi takarkkaano kaimaattam cheyyaano kazhiyum, ithu polymer nettvarkkine athinte topology maattaan anuvadikkunnu. ithu thermosett polulla vasthukkalilekku punarroopakalppana, (ree) prosessing, recycling enniva avatharippikkunnu.
pashchaathalam.
charitraparamaayi, polymer metteeriyalukale ellaayppozhum avayude thermomechanical swabhaavathe adisthaanamaakki rund vibhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu. thermoplastic polymer vasthukkal choodaakkumbol uruki viscos draavakangalaayi maarunnu, athesamayam cross-linkinginte falamaayi thermosetting polymer vasthukkal kharamaayi thudarunnu.
sevana thapanilayil kadinamaayathum ennaal vardhichuvarunna thaapanilayode mriduvaayathumaaya neelamulla polymer shringalakal thermoplasticsil adangiyirikkunnu. kuranja thapanilayil, polymer shringalakalude tanmatra chalanam shringhala-entengmentukal kaaranam parimithamaanu, ithu kadinavum glasullathumaaya vasthuvin kaaranamaakunnu. thaapanila vardhippikkunnathu glass transition thapanilayil (tiji) oru haard meteeriyalil ninnu mriduvaaya meteeriyalilekku parivarthanatthilekku nayikkukayum visco-ilaastik draavakam nalkukayum cheyyum. (ardha-) kristalin polymer vasthukkalude kaaryatthil, dravanaankatthil (tm) athukayum krameekaricha kristalin domainile intermolecular fozhsukal marikadakkukayum cheyyumbol viscos phloo kaivarikkappedunnu. thanuppikkumbol thermoplastics avayude kharagunangal veendedukkunnu, athinaal extrusion, injection moulding polulla polymer prosessing reethikal upayogichu punarroopakalppana cheyyaanum avaa recycle cheyyaanum kazhiyum. polystyrine, polycarbonate, polyethileen, nailon, acrylonitrile beautadien stairin (eiii. bii. ezz) muthalaayavayaan thermoplastic polymerukalude udaaharanagal.
maruvashathu, multifunctional samyukthangalude sthiramaaya raasa cross-linkingiloode roopappedunna trimana shringalakalaanu thermosettukal. mikka thermoplasticsumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol mikacha gunangalulla infusible, insolable polymer netvarkkukalkku kaaranamakunna oru maattaanaavaatha prakriyayaanith. oru thermosett choodinu vidheyamaakumbol, athu athinte dimensional sthiratha nilanirthunnu, athinaal punarroopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyilla. eee polymer vasthukkal saadhaaranayaayi aavasyamulla prayogangalkkaayi upayogikkunnu (udha.jii."wind turbineukal, aerospace muthalaayava.) ithinu raasa prathirodham, dimensional sthiratha, nalla mechanical gunangal enniva aavasyamaanu. epoxy resinukal, polisttar resinukal, polyurethanese muthalaayava saadhaarana thermosetting vasthukkalil ulppedunnu.
susthirathayude chattakkoodil, chalanathmaka bondukalude aamukhathiloode thermosettukalude mechanical gunangalum thermoplasticsinte punarsamskaranakshamathayum samyojippikkunnath niravadhi gaveshana padanangalude vishayamaan. polymer shringalakal thammilulla bhauthika cross-linkukalilekku nayikkunna hydrajan bonting, paii-stacking allengil chrystalisation polulla noonn-kovalant edapedalukalude upayogam dynamic cross-linking avatharippikkunathinulla oru maargamaan. physical cross-linkukalude thermoriversible swabhaavam punarsamskaranam nashtappedaathe mechappetta mechanical gunangalulla polymer metteeriyalukalkk kaaranamaakunnu. eee bhauthika shringalakalude gunangal upayogicha nattellineyum sahavarthithvamillaatha edapedalukaleyum valareyadhikam aasrayichirikkunnu, pakshe saadhaaranayaayi avaa kuranja thapanilayil pottunnavayakukayum tii. jii. kku mukalilulla ilaastik allengil rabbari aayi maarukayum cheiyunnu. kooduthal choodaakkumbol, physical cross-linkukal aprathyakshamaakukayum metteeriyal oru visco-ilaastik draavakamaayi pravartthikkukayum athu veendum prosess cheyyaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee vasthukkale thermoplastic elaastomarukal ennum vilikkunnu.
pakaram, kovalant adaptable netvarkkukal (canukal) dynamic kovalant bondukal upayogikkunnu, avaykku baahya uthejanam prayogikkumbol, saadhaaranayaayi choodum prakashavum upayogichu kaimatta prathikaranangalkk vidheyamaakkaan kazhiyum. oru uthejakathinte abhaavathil, eee vasthukkal uyarnna raasa prathirodhavum alavilulla sthirathayum kaanikkunna thermosettukalaayi pravartthikkunnu, ennaal uthejanam prayogikkumbol, chalanathmaka bondukal sajeevamaakunnu, ithu nettvarkkine athinte topology oru tanmatra thalatthil punakrameekarikkaan prapthamaakkunnu. thalphalamaayi, eee vasthukkalkk sthiramaaya roopabhedangalkku vidheyamaakaanum punarroopakalppana, punarsamskaranam, svayam sukhappeduthal muthalaayava praapthamaakkaanum kazhiyum. athinaal, thermosettukalkkum thermoplasticsinum edayilulla oru idatharam paalamaayi kyaanukale kaanaan kazhiyum.
2011-ll franch gaveshakanaaya ludwick leblerude gaveshana samgham oru associative exchange mekkaanisathe adisthaanamaakki oru prathyeka klaas canukal vikasippichu (upavibhaga vargeekaranam kaanuka). epoxy/assid polisttar adhishtitha shringalakalilekku anuyojyamaaya oru uthejakathe cherkkunnathiloode, choodaakkumbol kramena viscosity kurayunna oru sthiramaaya epoxy shringhala thayyarakkan avarkk kazhinju. itharathilulla perumaattam vitrius silikkayude savisheshathayaanu, ithu munbu jaiva polymer vasthukkalil kanditilla. athinaal, rachayithakkal itharathilulla vasthukkalkk vitrimarukal enna peru avatharippichu.
kyaanukalude mekhalayile sameepakaala munnettangal oru divasam parambaraagatha punarupayogikkaanaavaatha thermosetting vasthukkale maattisthaapikkaanulla kazhivu kaanikkunnu. saahithyathil kaanapedunna canukal ulppedunna prasidheekaranangalude ganyamaaya valarcha academica mekhalayil ninnulla vardhichuvarunna thaalpparyathe soochippikkunnu. koodaathe, vyavasaayathil ninnulla kyaanukalil vardhichuvarunna thaalpparyamund, udaaharanathinu, aadyathe vitrimar staarttap kambaniyaaya malinda academic, vyavasaya pankaalikal (vitrimatt, puresmart, nipu-ejd polullava) thammilulla sahakaranathode onniladhikam europian union dhanasahayamulla gaveshana padhathikalum.
vargeekaranam.
boond exchange prathikaranangalude adisthaana samvidaanathe adisthaanamaakki kyaanukale nilavil rund grouppukalaayi thirichirikkunnu, desosiative kyaanukalum associative kyaanukalum ("i.iii."boond roopappedunnathum thakarunnathum sambhavikkunna kramavum) avayude falamaayundaakunna thaapanila aashrithathvavum.  
desosiative canukal.
desosiative kyaanukalude exchange mekkaanisathinu oru puthiya boond roopappedunnathinu munbu oru boond breaking ivant aavasyamaanu ("i.iii."oru elemination/addition pathway). oru uthejanam prayogikkumbol, santhulithaavastha verpeduthiya avasthayilekku maarunnu, athinte falamaayi nettvarkkile cross-link saandrata thaalkkaalikamaayi kurayunnu. jell pooyintinu thazheyaayi santhulithaavastha maattunnath moolam mathiyaya alavil dynamic bondukal verpiriyumbol, meteeriyalinu dimensional sthiratha nashtappedukayum pettennullathum theevravumaaya viscosity kurayukayum cheyyum.  uttejaka neekkam cheytha sesham, bondukal parishkarikkukayum anuyojyamaaya saahacharyathil, yadhaartha cross-link saandrata punasthaapikkukayum cheiyunnu. cross-link saandrathayile eee thaalkkaalika kuravu viscos phloo, stress relaxation thudangiya desosiative kyaanukalil valare vegathil topology punakrameekaranangal saadhyamaakkunnu, ithu kovalanti cross-linked polymer nettvarkkukalude punarsamskaranatthe anuvadikkunnu. koodaathe, desosiative canukal nalla layakangalil layikkan kazhiyum.
associative canukal.
desosiative kyaanukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, associative kyaanukalile netvarkkukal oru uttejaka prayogatthil depolymerise cheyyilla, koodaathe sthiramaaya cross-link saandrata nilanirthunnu. ivide, mattoru bondinte vighadanathinu munbu oru puthiya bondinte roopeekaranathe kaimatta samvidaanam aasrayikkunnu ("i.iii."oru kootticherkkal/illaathaakkal paatha). ithinartham thaalkkaalikamaayi kooduthal cross-link cheytha intermediat avasthayiloodeyaanu boond exchange sambhavikkunnath ennaanu. ennirunnaalum, praayogikamaayi, eee cheria vardhanavu palappozhum valare kuravaayirikkum, ithu praayogikamaayi sthiramaaya cross-link saandrathaykku kaaranamaakunnu. thalphalamaayi, uyarnna thapanilayil polum nishkriya layakangalil associative canukal layikilla.
vitrimarukalude kaaryatthil, thapam associative ekschenjinu kaaranamaakukayum eee vasthukkalude viscosity raasa exchange prathikaranangalaal niyanthrikkappedukayum cheiyunnu, ithu arenius niyamamanusarichu vipareeta thaapanilayodoppam viscosityude rekheeya aashrithathvathilekku nayikkunnu. drutha chalanathmaka boond kaimattangal moolamundaakunna viscosity kurayunnathu eee meteeriyalukalile stress relaxation network topology punakrameekaranavum prapthamaakkunnu.
aaplikkeshanukal.
puu nurakalude punarulppaadanam.
metha, insulation, automotive, paadarakshakal, nirmmaana saamagrikal thudangiya vaividhyamaarnna aaplikkeshanukalkkaayi upayogikkunna valare vaividhyamaarnna enchiniyaring meteeriyalukalaanu polyurettheyn (puu) nurakal. cross-linked metteeriyalukalo thermosettukalo aanu parambaraagatha puu nurakal. puu nurakal yaanthrikamaayi recycle cheyyaam (puu nurakal arachu fillarukalaayi upayogikkumbol), allengil raasaparamaayi recycle cheyyaam (puu nurakal raasa nasheekaranatthiloode polyolukalaayo mattu monomeric gadakangalaayo thaazhthumbol). ennirunnaalum, mikka puu nurakalum landfillukalil avasaanikkunnu.
nilavil, parambaraagatha nurakalkk pakaramaayi canukal anweshikkunnu, ithu puu maalinyangalude eluppathilulla punarupayogam anuvadikkum. udaaharanathinu, puu foomukalil disulfide bondukal ulppeduthunnathu avayude melinjathilekkum elaastomarukalilekku punarsamskarikkunnathil nayichuvennu aduthide kaanichu. yuritheyn bondukalude kaimaattam sajeevamaakkukayum avaye punarupayogikkaavunnathaakku cheiyunna poost-kansyoomar puu-yilek kaattalist cherkkuka ennathaanu mattoru saadhyamaaya pariharam.
svayam sukhappeduthunna vasthukkal.
polymer netvarkkukal avayude upayoga samayat kedupaadukalkk vidheyamaakum. plaastik maalinyangal oresamayam kuraykkumbol polymerinte ayussum prakadanavum vardhippikkunnathinulla oru vagdana upakaranamaan svayam-rogashanti.
svayam-rogashaanthikk baahyamo aantharikamo aaya samvidaanangaliloode pravartthikkaan kazhiyum. kedupaadukal/pottalukal ennivaykkide purathuvidukayum metteeriyal sukhappeduthukayum cheiyunna rogashanti ejantukal adangiya cheria gulikakal ulppeduthunnathine baahya samvidaanangal aasrayikkunnu, athesamayam aantharika samvidaanangalkku avayude samagratha punasthaapikkaan kazhiyum, udaaharanathinu, polymer netvarkkilekku chalanathmaka bondukal ulppeduthunnathiloode. aantharika svayam-rogashaanthiyude ettavum ariyappedunna udaaharanam deals-alder aadkttukalulla thaapaparamaayi sukhappeduthaavunna cross linked netvarkkukalaanu, ennaal traansesterifikkeshan, olephin metathasis, alcoxamine kemistry ennivayulppede mattu vividha rasathanthrangalum anweshikkappettittund.
photothermal, photoriversible kemistry polulla laitt-activated sisttangal mattoru vagdana thanthrathil ulppedunnu. prakaashatthe chikilsikkunnathu saadhyamaakkunna shanikamaaya uthejanamaanengilum, photothermal sisttangale sambandhichidatholam, choodaakkalaanu rogashaanthikk kaaranamaakunnath. dynamic exchange prathikaranangal palappozhum photothermal fillarukalude sahaayathode nerittulla infrared choodaakkal vazhi sajeevamaakkunnu (udha.jii."kaarban black, graphene, gold nanoparticles). nerittulla foto reversible rasathanthrathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla svayam-rogashanti vasthukkalil thathwathil choodaakkal ulppedunnilla. ultraviolet (yuvi) vikiranam aavasyamulla photoriversible cyclododitione adisthaanamaakkiyulla samvidaanangalum sulfur adisthaanamaakkiyulla dynamic kovalant bondukalude foto-triggard radical rushflingukalum ithinte chila udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu.
naanokamposaittukal.
bharam kuranja enchineeyaringilum ultrahai perfomence mechanical bhagangalilum valareyadhikam aavasyamulla uyarnna perfomence komposittukalkku thermosettukalkku nilavil uyarnna demandaanu. packaging, parihara, oorjja sambharanam, vaidyuthakaanthika agiranam, sensing aakchveshanum, gathagathavum surakshyum, prathirodha samvidaanangal, thapapravaha niyanthranam, vivara vyavasaayam, kaattalistukal, soundaryavardhaka vasthukkal, sports muthalaayava ithil ulppedunnu. polymer ghattathil chitharikkidakkunna naanopaarttikkilukalumayi samyojippicha oru "sophtt" polymer gattamaanu atharam vasthukkalil adangiyirikkunnathu. eee naanoparttikkilukale aakruthi vadikal muthal golangal vare, platelettukal vare, naarukal muthalaayava vare vyathyaasappedaam.
boond exchange kainattiks prachodippikkunna kyaanukalude savisheshamaaya thermo-responsive propertykal vividha baahya efakttukale adisthaanamaakkiyulla property svichukal avatharippikkunathinulla rasakaramaaya saadhyathakal thurakkunnu. udaaharanathinu, electrothermal parivarthanatthinaayi oru resisteevu heater cherkkunnath ("iii.jii."otta mathil kaarban nanotubeukalkku) oru vaidyuthadhaarayiloode aavasyamulla mechanical property switch anuvadikkaan kazhiyum. pakaramaayi, graphene ooksaid polulla oru filler cherkkunnathiloode, prakasha-vikiranathodulla prathikaranamaayi mechanical gunangal maattaan anuvadikkunna oru induced foto-thermal efakttinaayi prakasha vikiranam upayogikkaam. kaliman naanosheettukal, graphene, cellulose ennivayaanu kyaanukalil prayogikkunnathinulla mattu rasakaramaaya naanoparttikkilukal.
3D printing.
sameepa varshangalil, 3 dii printing allengil additteev manufacturing (am), saankethikavidya kooduthal janapriyamaayathode athivega vikasanam kandu. nilavil, plaastikkukal avayude vishalamaaya labhyatha, vaividhyam, bharam kuravu enniva kaaranam 3 dii printinginaayi upayogikkunna ettavum saadhaaranamaaya asamskritha vasthukkalaan. aam-nte vaividhyavum athinte ganyamaaya vikasanavum uthppaadanam, medical mekhalakal muthal ishtaanusritha kala, roopakalppana mekhala vareyulla niravadhi aaplikkeshanukalkku ithu upayogikkaan kaaranamaayi. varum varshangalil 3dii printinginte vipani kooduthal valarumennu pratheekshikkunnathinaal, parambaraagatha thermosettukalkku pakaramaayi emminte vibhavamayi kyaanukalude upayogam anweshikkappedukayaanu, ithu 2029 avasaanathode emminte aagola vipaniyude 22 sathamaanamaakum.
parambaraagatha thermosett mashiye qaan adisthaanamaakkiyulla mashi upayogichu mattisthaapikkunnathiloo, sankeernamaaya 3D jyaamithikal ippozhum achadikkaan kazhiyum, avaa sevana saahacharyangalil mikacha mechanical gunangalulla parambaraagatha thermosettukal pole pravartthikkunnu, ennaal pinneedu adutha raundu 3D printinginaayi puthiya mashiyilekku recycle cheyyaanum kazhiyum. oru udaaharanathil epoxy mashiyude 3 dii printing ulppedunnu, ithu printinginu sesham traansesterifikkeshan prathikaranangalkk vidheyamaakkaan kazhiyum. printing sykkilil, mashi aadyam aavasyamulla 3 dii gadanayilekku uyarnna thapanilayil print cheiyunnathinu munbu cheruthaayi sukhappeduthunnu, thudarnnu printinginu sesham aduppil randaamathe curing ghattam nadathunnu. achadicha epoxy bhagangal uyarnna thapanilayil ethylene glycolil layikkukayum puthiya achadi chakratthil mashiyayi veendum upayogikkukayum cheythukondu recycle cheyyaan kazhiyum.
kyaanukalil upayogikkunna rasathanthrangal.
vividha chalanathmaka rasathanthrangal ithinakam kyaanukalil ulppeduthiyittundu; traansesterifikkeshan, dials-alder exchange, disulfide exchange, vinailgas yurethan transamination, yurethan trans carbamoilation, olephin metathasis, 1,2,3-triasolium lavanangalude trans-enn-alchylation enniva kooduthal sradheyamaayavayil ulppedunnu.

