thomas gilovic

thomas dashif gilovic (jananam januvari 16,1954) oru american psychologistum cornell sarvakalaashaalayile airin blecker rosenfeld saikkolaji professorumaanu. saamoohika manahshaasthram, theerumaanamedukkal, perumatta saambathikashaasthram ennivayil addeham gaveshanam nadathukayum eee vishayangalil janapriya pusthakangal ezhuthukayum cheythittundu. danielle kahneman, richard nisbett, liie rooss, amos twersky ennivarumaayi gilovic sahakarichittund. cognitive pakshapaathangal polulla vishayangalekkurichulla piyar-reviewed jenalukalile addehathinte lekhanangal vyaapakamaayi udharikkappettittundu. koodaathe, santhoshathil vaangalukalude swaadheenam muthal saamoohika saahacharyangalile vidhinyaayathekkurichu dhaarana vareyulla vishayangalekkurich gilovic maadyamangalil udharichittundu. samshayaanveshana samithiyile amgamaanu gilovic.
aadyakaala charithravum vidyaabhyaasavum.
gilovichinu bii. eiii. birudam labhichu.eiii. santa barbarayile california sarvakalashaalayil ninnu stanford sarvakalashaalayil oru abhibhashakanaakaan aagrahichu. saikkolaji klaasukal edukkukayum amos twersky daniel kahneman avide vidhinyayathekkurichum theerumaanamedukkalinekkurum oru prabhashanam nalkunnathu ketta sesham, manahshaasthra mekhalayilekku pookaan addeham theerumaanichu. addeham pii. echu. dii nedi.dii. 1981ll staanfordil ninnu manahshaasthrathil birudam nedi.
saamoohikavum vaijnjaanikavumaaya manahshaasthrathil gaveshanam nadatthuka.
saamoohika manahshaasthra mekhalayile huristicsilum pakshapaathatthilumulla gaveshanathiloodeyaanu gilovic kooduthal ariyappedunnathu. aalukal avarude dainamdina anubhavathinte thelivukal engane vilayiruthunnu, vidhinyaayangal edukkunnu, vishwaasangal roopappeduthunnu, pravartthanareethikal theerumaanikkunnu, avar chilappol aaa thelivukale engane thettidharikkukayum thettaaya vidhikal nalkukayum cheiyunnu, samshayaaspadamaaya vishwaasangal roopappeduthunnu, prathikoolamaaya pravartthanangal aarambikkunnu" ennivaye kaikaaryam cheiyunnathaanu thante gaveshanamennu addeham vivarikkunnu."google scholarude abhipraayathil, addehathinte prasidheekaricha ellah academic prabandhangalkkum 72 enna echu-indux undu, ithu asaadhaaranamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
koodaathe, "hyooristiks aandu bayas": dhii saikkolaji oof intuitive jejarmeshan (dayle griffin, daniel kahneman ennivarodoppam), "soshyal saikkolaji" (serena chenn, datcher keltnar, roobert nisbett ennivarodoppam) ennee rund paatapusthakangalum addeham ezhuthiyittundu, iva randum amerikkayiludaneelamulla saikkolaji, soshyal saikkolaji ennivayile academic kozhsukalile paatapusthakangalaayi upayogikkunnu.
oru abhimukhathil gaveshanathe samgrahichukondu, nettangal enthaanennu chodichappol addeham marupadi nalki, "aaa mekhalaykku valia thuka vaagdaanam cheyyaamennu njaan karuthunnu, kaaranam njangal ellaayppozhum anantharafala theerumaanangal edukkunnu, avaa ellaayppozhum eluppamalla, njangal ellaayppozhum avaa nannayi cheiyunnilla", koodaathe addehathinte gaveshana paripadi manass engane pravarthikkunnuvennu kandethaan sramikkunnathinekkurinu, athinaal "chila theerumaanangal eluppamaayirikkunnathu enthukondaanennum chila karyangal valare nannayi cheyyaan pravanatha kaanikkunnuvennum chila theerumaanangal budhimuttaayathum enthukondaanu nammal avaa moshamaayi cheiyunnathennum manassilakkunnu."taanum sahapravarthakarum "aaa budhimuttulla theerumaanangal manasilakkaan njangale sahaayikkunnathin dhaaraalam vivarangal nalkukayum aalukalkk mikacha theerumaanangal edukkaan kazhiyunna upakaranangal nalkukayum cheiyunnu, athinaal jeevithathil avar kurachukoodi vazhithirichuvidunnu, athu avare nannayi sevikkunnilla."
vidhinyaayathilum theerumaanamedukkalilum thante academic gaveshanam "anganeyallaathath enthaanennu namukk engane ariyaam" enna oru janapriya pusthakamaayi gilovic churukki. samshayaathmaka anweshanakaari" ennathil ezhuthiya kaal sagon ithine "ettavum prakaashapoornamaaya oru pusthakam" ennu visheshippichu, athu "samkhyakal manasilaakkunnathilum asukhakaramaaya thelivukal nirasikkunnathilum mattullavarude abhiprayangalaal swaadheenikkappedunnathilum aalukal engane chittayayi thettu cheiyunnuvennu kaanikkunnu. chila kaaryangalil nammal nallavaraan, pakshe ellah kaaryangalilum allah. nammude parimithikal manassilakkunnathil njaanamundu."newyork timesinaayi pusthakam avalokanam cheythukondu jorjju jonson ezhuthi," "kaalakramena, paadangal thettaanengilum, durbalamaaya thelivukalil ninnu lokam engane pravarthikkunnuvennu anumanikkaanulla kazhivu athijeevana nettam nalkunnu". parinaamatthinte kazhchappadil, shamikkanam ennathinekkaal surakshitharaayirikkunnathana nallath."oru abhimukhathil, gilovic" "anganeyallaathath namukkenganeyaanu ariyunnathu" "enna prabandham samgrahichu, aalukal enna nilayil kaaryangalkk yadhaarthathil thelivukal njangalude pakkalundennu karuthunnu, [aaa] lokam nammodu enthengilum parayunnu, pakshe vaasthavathil lokam nammodu kurachukoodi sankeernamaaya enthengilum parayunnu, nammude dainamdina anubhavathinte thelivukal engane thettayi vaayikkaan kazhiyum, athu yadhaarthathil illaathappol enthengilum sariyaanennu bodhyappedaam"."sophomor jinks", prakrithi duranthangal polulla karyangal moonnil varunnuvenna ashayam, nammal mandagathiyilaanenkilum nammal upekshikkunna varikal vegatha vardhippikkunnu enna vishwaasam ennivayulppede thante pusthakam charcha cheiyunna chila thettaaya vishwaasangalekkurichu addeham kooduthal vishadeekarichu. athe abhimukhathil addeham sthireekarana pakshapaathatthe "ellah pakshapaathangaludeyum maathaav" ennu vilichu."
pakshapaathangalilum huristic gaveshanathilum sradheyamaaya sambhavanakal.
pakshapaathatthilum huristicsilum prasidheekaricha thante kruthikaliloode, thaazhepparayunna aashayangaliloode gilovic eee mekhalaykku sradheyamaaya sambhavanakal nalkiyittunda
choodulla kaikal.
hoott hand" efakttinekkurichulla gilovichinte gaveshanam, allengil oru prathyeka shramathile vijayam, saadhaaranayaayi sports, kooduthal vijayathin kaaranamakumenna vishwaasam, prathyekichum swaadheenichittundu. 1985ll amos twerskyumaayi chernnu addeham ezhuthiya oru prabandham varshangalolam eee vishayathekkurichulla maanadandamaayi maari. 1985 leeii prabandhatthil ninnulla chila gaveshanangal aduthide malsarichu, oru puthiya jenal lekhanam yadhaartha padanatthil ninnulla daatta vyaakhyaanikkunnathil gilovich addehathinte saha rachayithaakkalum thanne vaijnjaanika pakshapaathatthinu irayaayi ennu vaadikkunnu. prathyekichum, yadhaarthathil kramarahithamaya oru saahacharyathil, oru hittine thudarnnu 50 sathamaanathil thaazhe samayam mattoru hitt pratheekshikkappedumenkil oru hitt mattonnine pinthudarnnaal 50 sathamaanathil, athu choodulla kaiyude thelivaayirikkum. gilovic marupadi nalki, "oru kalikkaarante daattayude sample ethra valuthaano athra prashnam kuravaanu...njangalude saambilukal valare valuthayathinaal, ithu choodulla kaiyekkurichulla yadhaartha nigamanagalil maattam varuthunnuvennu njaan vishwasikkunnilla."
spotlight prabhavam.
spotlight ephakt, aalukal yadhaarthathil ullathinekkaal kooduthal shradhikkappedunnuvennu vishwasikkunna prathibhasam, gilovic enna padam srishtichu. 1999ll rund biruda vidyaarthikalumaayi chernnu ezhuthiya oru prabandhatthil addeham vishadeekarichu, "nammude swantham perumaattatthil naam shradha kendreekarikkunnathinaal, mattullavar nammude perumaattam athramaathram allengil athramaathram shradhikkunnu ennathinekkurichulla krithyamaaya vilayiruthalil athicheraan prayaasamaan. theerchayaayum, sookshumamaaya parisodhana nammude prakadanatthe naam kaanunna reethiyilum (mattullavar athine kaanumenn karuthunnu) mattullavar yadhaarthathil kaanunna reethiyilum edaykkideyulla asamathvangal velippeduthunnu." 
pepparinaayi, gilovich addehathinte saha rachayithaakkalum koleju vidyaarthikalodu baari manilo shirt dharichu vaathilinu abhimukhamaayi aparichitharude oru muriyilekku nadakkaan oru pareekshanam nadatthi. yadhaarthathil sathyamaayathinekkaal kooduthal aalukal thangalude tii-shirt shradhikkumennu vidyaarthikal anumaanikkumenn gaveshakar pravachichu. phalangal pravachichathupole aayirunnu, pankedutthavar karuthiyath ekadesham pakuthiyolam aparichithar baari manilo shirt thiricharinjirikkumenna, vaasthavathil eee ennam 20 shathamaanathinaduthaayirikkum.
pakshapathaparamaaya andhamaya sthaanam.
pakshapathaparamaaya andhathayekkuricho mattullavaril pakshapaatham thirichariyaanulla pravanathayekkuricho manassilakkaan gilovic sambhavana cheythittundu, pakshe nammilalla. addeham sahakarichu nadatthiya niravadhi padanangal, oru nischitha prasnavumaayulla avarude vyakthiparamaaya bandham krithyathayudeyum prabudhathayudeyum uravidamaanennu aalukal vishwasikkunnuvennum ennaal vyathyastha kaazhchappaadukal pulartthunna mattullavarude kaaryatthil atharam vyakthiparamaaya bandhangal pakshapaathatthinte uravidamaanennum kandethi. athupole, mattullavarude pakshapaathangal vilayiruthunnathil aalukal baahya swabhaavathilekku nokkunnuvennum ennaal swantham pakshapaathangal vilayiruthumbol aathmaparisodhanayil earppedunnuvennum addeham kandethi. oru prasamgatthil addeham nalkia rund udaaharanagal, moothavarum ilayavarumaaya sahodarangalkku matoraal uyarnna nilavaaratthilaanennu thonni, janaadhipathyavaadikalum republicanmaarum thangalude swantham partyekkaal electoral koleju maruvashathe sahaayichuvenn karuthi.
koottamaaya midhyaadhaarana.
hoott hand" bhraanthiyumaayi adutha bandhamullathum daattayude kramarahithamaya kramatthil daattayude "klasttarukal" kramarahithamayi kaananulla pravanathayullathumaaya clustering illutionile aadyakaala rachayithaavaayirunnu gilovic. enthaanu anganeyallennu njangalkk engane ariyaam" ennathil, aasoothranam cheythathupolulla oru kramam aalukal engane kaanaan aagrahikkunnuvennu gilovic vishadeekarikkunnu, athu ekapaksheeyamaayirunnu. koodaathe, ore nambar thudarchayaayi 4 thavana pakarppukalil uruttunnath yadhaarthathil kramarahithamallenn karuthiya aalukal kramarahithathaye thettayi vilayiruthunnuvennu addeham prasthaavichu.
suthaaryathayude midhyaadhaarana.
spotlight efakttinekkurichulla thante gaveshanathe adisthaanamaakki, gilovic suthaaryathayude midhyaadhaarana allengil aalukal avarude aantharika chinthakalum vikaarangalum ethratholam telegraph cheiyunnuvennu amithamaayi kanakkakkaanulla pravanatha kandethaan sahayichu. 1998ll rund saha rachayithaakkalumaayi addeham nadatthiya oru padanatthil, vyakthikal soochika kaardukalil ninnulla chodyangal vaayikkukayum avaykku urakke utharam nalkukayum cheythu. avar onnukil kallam parayukayo card avarkk maathrame kaanaan kazhiyoo enna labelil paranjathinte adisthaanathil sathyam parayukayo cheythu. nuna parayunnavaril pakuthiyum thangal pidikkappettuvenn karuthi, ennaal vaasthavathil naalilonn perr maathramaan, athinaal suthaaryathayude midhyaadhaarana. koodaathe, athe padanatthil, oru adiyanthira saahacharyathil, aalukal adiyanthiraavasthayum ashankayum avarude aavishkaarathilum perumaattatthilum kaanikkumenn avar kandethi, pakshe athu kaanikalude phalathe bhaagikamaayi vishadeekarikkunnillenn rachayithakkal vishwasikkunnu "oru adiyanthiraavasthaye abhimukeekarikkumbol, aalukal saadhaaranayaayi athu nannayi kalikkunnu, ashradhayude oru nottam sweekarikkunnu, oru prathisandhi sarikkum aduthaano ennu nirnnayikkaan mattullavarude prathikaranangal nireekshikkunnu. athu oru yadhaartha adiyantharaavasthayallengil, aarum amithamaayi prathikarikkaan agrahikkunnilla. ennirunnaalum, oro vyakthiyum pinnott nilkkukayum ashradhamaayi kaanukayum mattullavarude prathikaranangal nireekshikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal, chilappol ellaavarum (orupakshe thettayi) sahacharyam oru adiyantharaavasthayallennum athinaal edapedal aavasyamillennum nigamanam cheiyunnu."
khedam.
khedathinte kaaranagal gilovic gaveshanam cheythittundu. 1994ll addeham nadatthiya oru padanatthil, aalukal thangal edukkaan aagrahikkaatha nirddishta pravartthanangal hraswakaalathekku kooduthal khedam prakadippikkumennu kandethi, ennaal aathyanthikamayi, deerghakaalaadisthaanathil nishkriyathvathil kooduthal khedam thonnunnu. aalukal cheytha kaaryangalekkal kooduthal cheyyaatha kaaryangalil khedikkunna pravanathayundennu addeham oonnipparayunnathu thudarunnu.
nankooramidunnu.
amos twersky danielle kahneman pinthudarnnu, gilovich sahapravarthakarum nankooramidunnathil gaveshanam nadathiyittundu, theerumaanangal edukkumbol vishwasaneeyamaaya oru esttimettil athunnathuvare manassil varunna vivarangalil nankooramidukayum krameekarikkukayum cheiyunna pravanatha. nicolas epliyumaayi chernnu addeham rachicha oru padanatthil nankooramidunnathu yadhaarthathil niravadhi vyathyastha falangalaanennum onniladhikam kaaranagal kalathilaanennum kandethi. gilovich nicolas epliyum saha rachayithavaaya mattoru padanatthil oru aankar sajjeekarichukazhinjaal, aalukal athil ninnu akannupokunnuvennu kandethi, ennirunnaalum avarude krameekaranangal aparyapthamaanu, athinaal avarude anthima anumaanam prarambha aankarinu aduthaanu.
svayam-vaikalyam.
thante saamoohika manahshaasthra gaveshanathil, gilovic "svayam-vaikalyamulla" prathibhasam kandethi, athine addeham visheshippichathu "nammude prakadanatthinaayi avar undaakkunna aatribyushanukal niyanthrikkunnathiloode mattullavar namme engane kaanunnu ennu niyantrikkaanulla sramangal" ennaanu."gilovichinte abhipraayathil, svayam-vaikalyathinte oru udaaharanam, prakadanatthe thadassappeduthunna gadakangalilekku shradha aakarshikkuka, athinaal mattullavarude kannil parajayam kuraykkuka, allengil marikadakkaan kazhiyaatha prathibandhangale marikadakkunnathinte falamaayi vijayam neduka ennathaanu. svayam-vaikalyam onnukil yadhaarthamaayirikkaam (padikkunnathil paraajayappedukayo amithamaayi madyapaanam cheiyukayo cheyyuka) allengil vyaajamaayirikkaam (budhimuttulla thadassangal undennu avakaashappeduka maathram). sports, biruda academic mekhalakalil eee thanthram ettavum saadhaaranamaanennu gilovic prasthaavichittundel ithu palappozhum thirichadiyaayi maarunnu.
perumatta saambathikashaasthrathil gaveshanam.
saamoohika manahshaasthra mekhalaykkulla addehathinte sambhaavanakalkk purame, cognitive saikolajiyile gilovichinte gaveshanam perumatta saambathikashaasthra mekhalayeyum swaadheenichittundu. eee mekhalayile thante academic gaveshanathe sankeernnamaakkunna oru janapriya pusthakam gilovic ezhuthiyittundu, athu "anganeyallaathath njangalkk engane ariyaam" enna vishayathe sparsikkunnu, muriyile ettavum budhiyulla onnu saamoohika manashaasthratthinte ettavum sakthamaaya ulkkaazhchakalil ninnu ningalkk engane prayojanam nedaanaakum ". bryan lehrarumaayulla oru abhimukhathil, gilovic pusthakavum athu sparsikkunna vishayangalum charcha cheythu, athaayath budhiyum njaanavum thammilulla vyathyasam, randaamathethu mattullavarekkurichulla arivum avarumaayi engane bandhappedaam, varumaana asamathvathinte negatteevu swaadheenam santhosham, prachodanam, oru sarvakalashaala parithasthithiyil "sadguna chakrangal" srishtikkaan kazhiyunnath enniva. "kirkas avalokanangal" ithinu oru nalla avalokanam nalki, ezhuthi ", aadya pakuthiyile vyakthiparamaaya perumaattatthil ninnum prachodanatthil ninnum saamoohikavum saamskaarikavum anthaaraashtravumaaya maattathilekku polum rachayithakkal kuthichuchaattam nadatthi, aagola paaristhithika utharavaaditham polulla lakshyangal engane nedaam ennathinulla nirddeshangal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. ithonnum vayana aakarshikkunnavayalla, pakshe ithu apoorvvamaayi maathrame academic padaprayogatthil illaathaakunnulloo."
anubhavaparamaya vaangalukal.
bhauthika vasthukkalude udamasthaavakaashathekkaal anubhavathinte praadhaanyamaanu perumatta saambathikashaasthrathile gilovichinte kruthiyile oru pradhana aavarthichulla vishayam. udaaharanathinu, leaf vaan bovanumaayi chernnu addeham rachicha oru prabandhatthil aalukal "metteeriyal vaangalukal" ennathinekkaal "pareekshanathmaka vaangalukal" aanu kooduthalaayi eshtappedunnathennu kandethi."atlaantik" ennathil jaims hamblin ezhuthiyathu, gilovichinte thudakkamaaya valarnnuvarunna gaveshanavibhagam, anubavangal aalukalkk swathukkalekkaal santhosham nalkunnuvennu kaanikkunnu "" pareekshanathmakamaaya vaangalukalude shanikathayaanu namme avare eshtappedunnathu ". onnukil avaa apoornnamaakaan paryaapthamalla, allengil avaa apoornnamaanu, pakshe avayekkurichulla nammude oormmakalum kathakalum kaalakramena madhurappedunnu. oru mosham anubhavam polum oru nalla kathayaayi maarunnu."nandiyilekkulla thadassangalekkurichulla oru prasamgatthil, cornelle thante vidyaarthikalil nadatthiya oru sarveyil avar avarude bhauthika vaangalukalekkaal avarude anubhavangalekkurichulla sambhashanangal aaswadichuvennum praayogika vaangalukalil ninnulla santhosham bhauthika vaangalukalil ninnullathinekkaal nilanilkkunnathaanennum gilovic abhiprayappettu. anubavangal mikacha kathakal srishtikkukayum vyakthiparamaaya swathuam kooduthal valarthiyedukkukayum aalukale parasparam bandhippikkukayum cheiyunnu ennathaanu kaaranam. pareekshanathmaka vaangalukal kooduthal nandiyilekkum angane kooduthal saamoohika anukoola perumaattathilekkum nayikkunnu ennathaanu ithinte ardhamennu gilovic vishadeekarichu. koodaathe, sajeevamayirikkukayum lakshyangal thedukayum cheiyunnathinte praadhaanyam gilovic oonnipparanju "naam lakshyangal nedunna jeevikalaayi parinamichu. ningal cheytha kaaryangalekkaal ningal cheyyaatha kaaryangalil ningal kooduthal khedikkum."samanamaaya reethiyil, oru prasamgatthil addeham thante prekshakarodu abhyarthichu," ningalude kodumudikalum avasaanangalum manassil vaykkuka. ningalude avadhikkala anubhavathinte dairkhyam ningal oorkkukayilla, pakshe athinte theevratha ningal oorkkum. avasaanam prathyekamaayi enthengilum cheyyuka."
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
thomas gilovic carren dashif gilovichine vivaham kazhichu, avarkk ilana, rebecca ennee rund penmakkalundu. oru shaasthranjanaayirikkunnathu ettavum mikacha bhagam ellah divasavum jolie cheyyaan pookunnu, "innu enikku enthaanu cheyyendathu" ennu chodikkuka, paraajayathodu engane prathikarikkanamennu ariyuka ennathaanu oru shaasthranjante ettavum mikacha gunamennu gilovic oru abhimukhathil paranju. koodaathe, saamoohika manahshaasthra mekhalayil thaalparyam prakadippichathinu amos twersky daniel kahneman addeham prashamsikkunnu.

