
tereza bentsoon

tereza bentsoon (21 septambar 1840-1907) enna thoolikaanaamathil ariyappedunna maari-tereza blank, oru franch pathrapravartthakayum upanyasakanum novalistumaayirunnu, varshangalolam "review dess dukes montus" enna sthaapanathil jolie cheythu. paareesinadutthulla oru cheria gramamaaya saine-porttil janicha avar amerikkayil vyaapakamaayi sanjarikkukayum american saahithyathekkurichum saamoohika sahacharyangalekkurichum ezhuthukayum cheythu.
kuttikkalam.
paareesile wortemberginte koonsal edward voonn solminteyum olampe adrian bentsoninteyum makalaayirunnu maari-tereza. muthasshimaarude udamasthathayilulla kudumba veettilaanu avar janichathu. avalkk oru sahodaranundaayirunnu, avanekkurichu njangalkk onnum ariyilla. thante muthasshiyum, thaan oru "hasyaseela soundu parician" aanennu parayukayallathe orikkalum kathukalil paraamarshikkaattha oru sthriyum, akkaalat franch viplavathinu munbu janicha, eee kaalaghattathekkurichulla kathakal parayumaayirunnu, oru pazhaya franch prabhuvaya markvis dii vitriye punarvivaham cheythu.
amma valare cheruppamaayirunnappol avalude maathru muthachan marichuvenkilum, 1816 muthal 1820 vare danish vestt indees gavarnaraayirunna mejar adrian benchamin bentsoninodulla aadaravodeyaanu thaan valarnnathennu theodor staantaninu ezhuthiya kathil avar paraamarsikkunnu. denmarkinu kanyaka dveepukal nashtappettathinusesham mejar, thante karimbu thottangal thirike nalkanamennu vaadichu us supreme kodathiyil oru cases phayal cheythu. kudumbathodoppam amerikkayil thaamasicha sesham adrian bentson europilekku madangiyenkilum pinneedu kaaribinukalil vachu marichu. addehathinte bhaarya pinneedu saine-portt enna cheria graamatthil sthaapicha markvis dii vitriye vivaham kazhichu.
merii-theresine bhaagikamaayi valarthiyathu avalude muthasshiyum ammayude puthiya bharthaavumaaya kaundu aantoyin cartier dii aureyaanu, avalude amma pithaavinte maranathinu thottupinnaale vivaham kazhichu (avalude janana certificat kaanikkunnath pole avalude pithaav ammayekkaal 13 vayass moothayaalaayirunnu). muthasshimaarude veettilvechu avarkk oru cosmopolitan vidyaabhyaasam labhichu, pithaavinte uthbhavam kaaranam jarmman, engleesh bhashakal padikkukayum oru engleesh nazhs undaayirikkukayum cheythu. graamatthile school adthyaapika ellah divasavum avarude veettil avale padippikkukayum addehathil ninnu greak, laattin, ezhuthuka enniva padikkukayum cheythu.
1856-ll avar oru luis blankine vivaham kazhichu, ennaal moonnu varshathinu sesham, avarkk oru makan janichathinu sesham, bharthaav avale upekshichu. addeham maricho atho avar vivaahamochanam nediyathaano ennu vyakthamalla, ennaal moonnu varshathe neendathum dukhakaravumaaya samayathinu sesham oduvil thanikk mochanam labhichuvennu avar staantanu ayacha kathil paraamarsikkunnu. ennaal eee swaathanthryathodoppam peru ariyaatha avalude makane paripalikkaan panatthinte aavasyavum vannu (goncourt sahodaranmaar avane "maadam blankinte makan" ennu paraamarsikkunnu).
vividha pathrangalilum maasikakalilum jolie cheytha sesham, avarude muthachan, kaundu aantoyin cartier dii our, jorjju sandine parichayappedutthukayum nohaantile saandinte veettil dhaaraalam samayam chelavazhikkukayum ivide nadakkunna sambhavangal recorducheyyan sahayikkukayum cheythu. sand avalude jenalil avale paraamarsikkunnu. avalude muthachanum manalum kuthirakalodu thaalparyam prakadippikkukayum vishudha inathilulla chila kuthirakale vaangaan addeham ezhuthukaarane sahayikkukayum cheythu. nandi enna nilayil addehathinte kochumakal ezhuthiya oru hraswa noval vaayikkanum "review dess dukes montus" enna pathradhipar francois bulosinu avale sammanikkaanum avar sammathichu. athaayirunnu avarude ezhuthu jeevithathinte yadhaartha thudakkam. oru aparanaamamaayi, avar ammayude kanninamam sweekarichu, pothuve "theodor bentsoon" ennu ariyappettirunnu, pathonpathaam noottaandil oru sthreeyude ezhuthu athra maanyamallaathathinaal avale oru purushanaayi swamedhayaa thiricharinja oru pullinga penneyim.
review dess dukes montus".
manalinte nirbandhatthinte adisthaanathil, victor cherbuleesinte sahaayathode, oru vimukhanaaya bulos 1872-ll avarkk oru saahitya niroopakayaayi jolie nalki. marikkunnathin oru varsham munbu vare avar maasikayil thudarnnu. avalude engleesh bhashayil praaveenyamullathinaal, valare pradhanappetta american, engleesh ezhuthukaare vivarthanam cheyyaanum avalokanam cheyyaanum avale niyamichu, ithu amerikkayil oru sakthamaaya shringhala kettippadukkaan sahayichu.
anglo-saaksan, jarmman, russian lokavumaayi bandhapetta vimarsanangal ezhuthunnathil pradhaanamaayum maasikayile avarude pravartthanangal ulppedunnu. thante kaalathe pradhana saahitya pramukharumaayulla sauhrudam valarthiyedukkumbol thante mikka saangalppika kruthikalum maasikayiloode avar prasidheekarichu. ferdinand brunieriye maasikayude director niyamikkumbozhekkum avar athinte ettavum pramukha ezhuthukaaril oralaayi mariyirunnu. maasikayude ettavum mikacha varshangalaayirunnu avar jeevichathu.
1893ll amerikkayile "review dess dukes montus" avare avidatthe sthreekalude avasthayekkurichu report cheyyaan ayachu. 1893-nte aadya pakuthiyil avar france vidukayum newyork nagaratthil ninnu chikkagoyilekku pookukayum cheythu. avide kurachu maasangal chelavazhicha sesham, avar bostanilekku trainil kayari, avide louisianayilekkum midu vestt ennividangalilekkum yaathrakalumaayi ekadesham oru varsham chelavazhichu. thaamasamide avar hull housinte sthaapakanaaya jaine aadamsine sandarshikkaan pooyi, olivar wendell holms esaarine kandumutty. marikkunnathin thottumunbu, jacob reesine addehathinte ettavum puthiya novalukalilonninekkurilonu prabhaashana velayil kandu.
rashtreeya, feminist, unmoolanavaadikalaaya vyakthikaleyum avar kandumutty.
amerikkayil ninnu madangiyethiyappol, 1896 ll calman-levi prasidheekaricha oru yatra jenalaayi avar thante lekhanangal samaaharichu. 1897ll avar veendum oru hraswakaalathekku america sandarshichu. avarude yatra jenal bestt sellaraayirunnu, ettu thavana, vividha pathippukalil, ettavum puthiyath 1904-ll achadichu.
"amerikkayile sthreekalude avastha". "
1896-ll aadyamaayi prasidheekaricha avarude yatra kurippukal american sthreekalekkurichu avar nadatthiya nireekshanangale chuttippattiyaan. amerikkayekkurichulla avarude abhipraayangale sambandhichidatholam avarude yatra kurippukalkk valia puthumayillennu kanakkaakkappedunnu, ennaal avar thiranjeduttha vishayangal (sthreekalude vidyaabhyaasam, samoohathile sthreekal, amerikkayile chaarity sisttam) vilyam chevinte gaveshanangal anusarichu avarude nireekshanangal moulikamaakkunnu.
1895 meyy maasathil mcclure maasikayude lakkathil oru lekhanam prasidheekarichu. eiii prairi koleju" ll bentson ettu maasathe kaalayalavil ilinoyisile koleju tounaaya galesburgilekkulla thante sandarshanathekkurichu ezhuthi, avide avar pattanatthilum koleju samskaarathilum svayam muzhuki, sthreekalil prathyeka shradha chelutthi. eee lekhanathinte idaa tarbellinte aamukham avarude uddeshyam vishadeekarichu "american sthriye avarude vikasanathinte ellah ghattangalilum ellah velichangalilum shedukalilum kaanukayum avarude ippozhathe pravanathakal padikkukayum cheyyuka... ."nox kolejile sahavidyaabhyaasa sanbradaayathil shradha kendreekarichukondu, kaarshika vanithakaludeyum koleju vanithakaludeyum jeevithathekkurichu bentsoon nireekshanangal nadatthi, koodaathe purushanmaarum sthreekalum collegil kandumuttukayum taamasiyaathe vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythathinte udaaharanangalum. avalude gailsburg aathidheyante makal bentsoninode oru velluvili avatharippichu
"athe, pala vivaahangalum collegil theerumaanikkappedunnu; athil enthengilum doshamundo? nissaarathakalkkidayilum samoohathil andumuttunnathaanu nallath? varshangalolam orumichu padikkumbol avar kooduthal parichayamullavarum kooduthal rasakaramaaya rithiyilumullavarumalle?"
prairy collegil thaan nireekshicha sanbradaayathinu doshangalonnumillennu bentsoon nigamanam cheythenkilum, "nirantharamaaya dhaarmika nireekshanam nadatthaan kazhiyaathatho mathaparamaya swaadheenangal kuravaayirikkukayo pralobhanangalo shradha vyathichalippikkalo polum undaakunna oru valia nagaratthil athu vijayikkillenn avar nigamanam cheythu."
avarude pusthakam nagara americaykku valia praadhaanyam nalkukayum athinekkurichu samagramaya chithreekaranam nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
avalude jolie.
littarachar ettu myezhs etraantezhs" (1882), "less novox romanciers americans" (1885) ennivayaanu avarude lekhanangalil ulppedunnathu. avarude novalukalil iva ulppedunnu 
nauvele france ettu nauvele angletere notes dii ooriyeju" (1899); "chosas ettu jenz dii 'americ", "kvasttas americans", "femms dii' americ" ennivayum avar ezhuthukayum dickens, brettu hart, ooyida, aldrich, maarkk twayne ennivarude kruthikal vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheythu.

