
manushyane unmoolanam cheyyuka

sii. 1943ll ezhuthiya oru pusthakamaanu dhii emilition oof maan. ezz. levis. skoolukalude uyarnna roopangalil engleesh padippikkunnathine prathyeka paraamarshatthode vidyaabhyaasathekkurichu prathiphalanangal" enna upasheershakathil, vasthunishta moolyathinteyum prakrithi niyamathinteyum prathirodhatthinulla oru prarambha pooyintaayum avaa illaathaakkunnathinte anantharafalangalekkurichulla munnariyippayum ithu upayogikkunnu. prakrithiyude mail manushyante adhikaarathe pinthudarenda onnaayi athu prathirodhikkunnu, ennaal moolyangale thallikkalayaan athu upayogikkunnathine vimarshikkunnu, shaasthrathinte thanne moolyam avaykkidayilundu. 1943 februvariyil durham sarvakalaashaalayude bhagamaaya newkaasttilile kings collegil riddle memorial prabhashanangalaayi moonnu sayahna prabhaashanangalude oru parambarayaayi eee pusthakam aadyamaayi vitharanam cheythu.
dhaarmika athmanishtatha virudhamaayi. prakrithi niyamam.
1939ll alexander (alak) king martin ketliyum chernnu prasidheekaricha "bhaashayude niyanthranam vaayanaykkum ezhuthinumulla oru vimarsanaathmaka sameepanam" enna "guius aandu titius" enna pusthakathodulla vimarsanaathmaka prathikaranathodeyaanu levis aarambhikkunnath. "britiish skoolukalile unnatha vidyaarthikalkkulla oru paatamaayi 'green book' upayogichirunnu.
vidyaarthi moolyangale attimarichathinu ezhuthukaare vimarshikkunna levis, moolyamulla ellah prasthaavanakalum ("eee vellachaattam udaathamaanu" polullava) prabhaashakante vikaarangalekkurichulla prasthavanakal maathramaanennum vasthuvinekkurich onnum parayillennum avar padippikkunnuvennu avakaashappedunnu. atharamoru veekshanam moolyabodhathekkurichulla viddithamaanennu levis vaadikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, chila pravrithikale nindyamennu apalapikkunna oru prabhashakan yadhaarthathil "enikku nindyamaaya vikaarangalund" ennu maathramaan parayunnath."
moolyangal yadhaarthamo vikarangal nyaayayukthamo aanennu nishedhikkunnathiloode, athmanishtatha dhaarmika prachodanatthe illaathaakkukayum saahityathileyum lokathileyum yadhaartha nanmayudeyum yadhaartha soundaryathinteyum anubhavangalodu vaikaarikamaayi prathikarikkanulla kazhivu aalukale kollayadikkukayum cheiyunnu. koodaathe, sthirathayulla oru dhaarmika aathmanishtanaayirikkuka asaadhyamaanennu luis avakaashappedunnu. harita pusthaka" thinte rachayithakkal polum mechappetta vidyaarthi patanam polulla chila karyangal sarikkum nallathum abhikaamyavumaanennu vyakthamaayi vishwasikkunnu.
plaatto, aristottil, sent thudangiya purathana chinthakare levis udharikkunnu. kuttikale "snehathe kramappedutthuka" ennathil parisheelippikkuka, avar eshtappedunnathum ishtappedaathirikkunnathum, nanmaye snehikkukayum thinmaye verukkukayum cheyyuka ennivayaanu vidyaabhyaasathinte lakshyamenn vishwasichirunna augustin. atharam moolyangal saarvathrikamaanenkilum avaa kuttikalil yaanthrikamaayo anivaaryamaayo vikasikkunnillenn levis avakaashappedunnu. athinaal, avaa aaa ardhathil "swaabhaavika" maanu ennalla, marichu avaa vidyaabhyaasathiloode padippikkappedanam. avaa illaathavarkku prathyekamaayi manushyaghadakam, boudhika manushyane visaral (mruga) manushyanumaayi onnippikkunna thumbikkai illa, avare "nenchukalillaattha manushyar" ennu vilikkam.
nench illaatha purushanmaar oru dystopian bhaavi.
prakrithi moolyangale nyayamaaya adisthaanathil nishedhikkaanulla aadhunika shramangale levis vimarshikkunnu, udaaharanathinu vellachaattathin vasthunishtamaaya moolyam nishedhikkunnava. oro samskaaravum cheria vyathyaasangalode pankitta vasthunishta moolyangalude oru koottam undennu addeham parayunnu, avaye "kizhakkum padinjaarum, kristhyan, purajaatheeyar, juthanmaar ennivarude parambaraagatha dhaarmikatha" ennu addeham paraamarsikkunnu...". yaadhaarthyathinteyum manushyante perumaattatthinteyum athyanthikamaaya "vazhi" allengil "paatha" ennathinulla taavoyist padatthil ninnu levis athine "tavo" ennu vilikkunnu. (levis prakrithi niyamathe uthbhavathil amaanushikamaayi kanduvenkilum, "verum kristhumathatthil" daivavaadatthinte thelivaayi athu upayogichathinte thelivaanu, pusthakatthile addehathinte vaadam daivavaadathil adhishtithamalla.)
tavo" illaathe, moolyanirnnayangalonnum nadatthaan kazhiyilla, chila "yukthisahamaya" kaaranangalal parambaraagatha dhaarmmikathayude chila bhagangal illaathaakkaanulla aadhunika sramangal ellaayppozhum "tavo" yude oru bhagam ekapaksheeyamaayi thiranjedukkukayum mattullavaye thallikkalayunnathinulla adisthaanamaayi upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu.
avasana adhyayam eee nishedhathinte aathyanthika prathyaaghaathangale vivarikkunnu bahubhooripakshathinte moolyangalum daarmikathayum niyanthrikkunnath manashaasthrathekkurichu thikanja dhaaranayiloode bharikkunna oru cheria grouppaanu, koodaathe oru prathyeka reethiyil pravartthikkaan avare prerippikkunna dhaarmmikathayude eathu samvidaanathiloodeyum kaanaan kazhiyunna oru vidoora bhaviye niyanthrikkunnath avarude swantham maattamillaatha mohangalaal maathrame bharikkanakoo. swantham prachodanangalekkurichulla yukthisahamaya prathiphalanam samarppikkumbol, kantrolarmaar inii thirichariyaavunna manushyaralla, niyantrithar robot poleyaayirikkum, manushyane nirmmarjanam cheiyunnathu poortthiyaakum.
manushyane unmoolanam cheyyuka" ennathinulla oru anubandham vividha samskaarangalil ninnulla udharanikalaal pinthunaykkappedunna "tavo" yude bhaagamaayi levikal kaanunna niravadhi adisthaana moolyangale pattikappedutthunnu.
manushyane unmoolanam cheiyunnathinulla" dystopian projakttinte oru saangalppika chikitsa looyisinte "aaa bheemakaaramaaya shakti" enna novalinte oru prameyamaanu.
vilyam bennattinte 1993 leeii 'dhii book oof verches' enna pusthakatthil 'manushyane nirmmarjanam' ennathil ninnulla bhagangal ulppeduthiyittundu.

