
1961leeii paarees koottakkola

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1961leeii paarees koottakkola (fraansile 1961 october 17 koottakkola ennum ariyappedunnu) paareesil thaamasichirunna aljeeriyakkaare franch deseeya police koottakkola cheythu. 1961 october 17 nuu aljeeriyan yudhathinidayilaanu ithu sambhavichathu (1954-62). paarees poleesinte thalavanaaya mouris paappante utharavanusarichu 30,000 deseeya anukoola liberation frond (efln) aljeeriyakkaarude prakadanatthe deseeya police aakramichu. 37 varshathe maadhyamangalude nishedhathinum sensorshippinum sesham, 1998-ll sarkkar oduvil 40 maranangal amgeekarichu, athesamayam chila charitrakaaranmaar 200 muthal 300 vare aljeeriyakkaar marichathaayi kanakkakkunnu. police udyogasthar prathishedhakkaare saine nadiyilekku erinjappol police kanatha mardhanavum kootta mungimaranavum moolamaanu maranam sambhavichathu.
1999ll paappaninethiraaya vichaarana vijayicha charitrakaaranaaya jeane-luke ainodi sthireekarikkunnathanusari koottakkola manapoorvamaayirunnu. (randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu vichi sahakarana bharanakoodathinu keezhilulla punk kaaranam 1998ll manushyaraashikkethiraaya kuttakrithyangalkku paappan sikshikkappettu.) paarees police vakuppinullile audyogika rekhakalum driksaakshikalude vivaranangalum soochippikkunnathu paappon thanneyaanu koottakkolaykk neethrthwam nalkiyathennu. prathishedhangal adichamarthunnathil oru steshanile udyogasthar "attimari" kaanikkanamenn addeham aavasyappettathaayum avar pankedutthaal prosecutionil ninnu samrakshanam nalkumennu urappu nalkiyathaayum police rekhakal kaanikkunnu.
koottakkolaykk naalpat varshathinu sesham, 2001 october 17 nuu paareesile soshyalist meyaraaya bertrand delano pondu sent-mishelinethiraaya koottakkolayude smaranaykkaayi oru phalakam sthaapichu. ethra prathishedhakkaar kollappettuvennu ippozhum vyakthamalla. audyogika kanakkukal illaathathinaal, koottakolaye anusmarippikkunna phalakathil "1961 october 17-leeii samadhaanaparamaaya prakadanatthinte raktharookshithamaaya adichamarthalinide kollapetta niravadhi aljeeriyakkaarude smaranaykkaayi" ennu ezhuthiyirikkunnu. 2007 februvari 18nuu (paapponinte maranatthinte pittennu) koottakkolayude smaranaykkaayi jenevilliyezhsil nirmmaanathilirikkunna oru paarees metro steshane "1961 october 17" ennu vilikkaan vilichirunnu.
pashchaathalam.
kooduthal akramaasakthamaayitheernna aljeeriyan yudhathinte (1954-62) pashchaathalatthilaanu koottakkola nadannathu. 1958 meyy prathisandhi ghattathil chaals dii gaul adhikaarathil thirichethiyathinusheshavum aljeeriyan swaathanthryathekkurichu addehathinte pettennulla naya maattatthinum sesham, yudhathe metropolysilekku kondupoya deseeya vimochana munnaniye (efln) ethirkkaan oas saadhyamaaya ellah maargangalum upayogichu, avide jeanson network polulla pravartthakar athine sahayichu. aljeeriyayilum france metropolittanilum franch adhikaarikalude adichamarthal valare kadinamaayirunnu.
franch deseeya police.
koottakkolayekkurichulla vidagdhanaaya charitrakaaranaaya jeane-luke ainodiyude abhipraayathil, 1961 october 17-leeii prakadanatthinte akramasakthamaaya adichamarthalinte chila kaaranagal franch police senayude gadanayude adisthaanathil thanne nannayi manassilakkaan kazhiyum, athil joothanmaare thadankalil vaykkaan gestappoyumaayi sahakaricha vichi bharanakaalathu undaayirunna niravadhi muun amgangal ulppedunnu, udaaharanathinu 1942 juulai maasatthile well dii hiv roundappil.
1944ll paarees vimochanathinushesham suspended cheyyappetta bhooribhaagam police udyogastharum (party populayar francaisinum samanamaaya grouppukalkkum nalkia sahayam ulppede) theevramaaya sahakaranathin sesham police senayil veendum samyojippikkappettu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, sheethayudhathinte bhagamaayirunna franch prathirodhatthinte bhagamaayirunna chila poleesukaarkku avarude currier purogathi thadassappettu, kaaranam prathirodham bhaagikamaayi communistum communist manthrimaare 1947 meyy maasathil sarkkaaril ninnu puratthaakkukayum cheythathinaal. koodaathe, prathirodhatthil amgangalaaya police udyogasthar vichi bharanakaalathu joothanmaarkkum mattu peedippikkappedunna grooppukalkkumethiraaya vividha reydukalil pankedutthittundaakam, allengil avare pirichuvidumaayirunnu.
1960kalil paarees police senayude thalavanayum 1970kalil valeri giscard dii estaayinginte presidencyil dhanamantriyaayum paapponinte currier soochippikkunnathu kuranjathu 1960kall vare franch poleesil sthaapanaparamaaya vamsheeyathayundaayirunnuve. vaasthavathil, 1942 num 1944 num idayil kuttikalum praayamaayavarum ulppede 1,560 joothanmaare naadukadatthiyathinu utharavaadiyaaya manushyaraashikkethiraaya randaam lokamahaayudha kuttangalkk paappan kuttaropithanaakukayo shikshikkappedukayo cheythilla.
paappan police prefecturinte thalavanayi niyamithanaayi (march 1958).
paarees poleesinte thalavanayi niyamikkappedunnathinu munbu, 1956 muthal paappon aljeeriyayile konsttantain departmentinte prefectaayirunnu, avide addeham sivilian janathaykkethiraya adichamarthalilum peedanatthilum sajeevamaayi pankedutthu. 1958 march 13nuu 7,000 poleesukaar police aasthaanathinte muttathu yuddham kaaranam avarkk nalkia "" "kaalathaamasathinethire prakadanam nadatthi, ennirunnaalum efln ithuvare police udyogasthare lakshyamidaan thudangiyittilla. theevra valathupaksha deputy jeane-maari leeii penninte prothsaahanam labhichu avaril 2,000 perr deseeya asambliyude aasthaanamaaya palays borbanil praveshikkaan shramichu, "(" vrithiketta juthanmaar! ") enna nilaviliyode. saine (nadhi)! (aljeeriyan) vimatharkk maranam!"). aabhyanthara mantri mouris borgus-mounoriyude shupaarsha prakaram, adutha divasam paappane prefect aayi namakaranam cheythu. rund varsham munbu, aljeeriyayile konstantainil addeham "(igame-asaadhaarana dauthyathilulla bharanakoodatthinte general inspector)" enna chumatala etteduthu. "nirodhitha mekhalakal, thadankal kendrangal (), peedanam, vichaaranayillathe vadhashikshakal ithaanu addeham [paappon] avide melnottam vahichirunna yudhathinte yaadhaarthyam."ainaudi parayunnathanusarichu, thudarnnulla varshangalil addeham eee reethikal paareesilum saine vakuppilum prayogichu.
1958 meyy prathisandhikkum 'free france' nethaavu chaals dii gaulinte neethrthwathil franch anchaam republicinte sthaapanathinum sesham paappan nilanirthappettu. addeham (jilla kambanikal), adichamarthalil vaidagdhyamulla police senakal srishtichu, avide puthiya police recruitmentukalkk pariseelanam nalki. eee kambanikal pradhaanamaayum onnaam indochina yudhathile (1947-54) muthirnna pouranmaaril ninnum aljeeriyayil ninnu madangiyethiya yuva franchukaaril ninnumaanu roopeekarichathu.
1958 august reydukal.
1958 august 25nuu paareesile efln aakramanathil 13-aamm arontismentil bollyward dii ell hoppittalil moonnu poleesukaarum mattoru poleesukaaranum kollappettu. paareesilum athinte praanthapradeshangalilum aljeeriyan janathaykkethire vanthothilulla aakramanangalumaayi paappon thirichadichu. muun byoojon aashupathriyilum jappy jimneshyathilum (11-aamm arrontisment) veldhivilum 5,000-thiladhikam aljeeriyakkaare thadavilaakki. jappy jimneshyavum veldhivum vichi bharanathin keezhil thadankal kendrangalaayi upayogichirunnu. eftipi prathirodhatthile muun amgamaaya reporter madeline refod "ell hyoomaanitte" yill ezhuthi
"kazhinja rund divasamaayi paareesil oru vamseeya thadankalppaalayam aarambhichittund. paarees vimochanathinte vaarshikam aaghoshikkunna franch deshasnehikale oormmippikkaatha oru sthalam thiranjedukkaan polum avarkk nalla bodham undayittilla."
sivi, fpa milishya ennivayude srishti (1959-1960).
ainodiyude abhipraayathil, "ithinakam thanne eee samayat, poleesukaar aljeeriyakkaare saine nadiyilekku eriyunnathinekkurichu abhimaanikkukayaayirunnu". 1959 januvariyil police prefecturinte adhikaarathin keezhil vinsensinte "identification sentar" (sii. aii. vii-"sentar dii identification dii winsense") srishtichu. paarees mekhalayil police reydukalkkidayil thadavilakkappetta aljeeriyakkaare aidantitti parishodhanaykkaayi avide konduvaraan kazhiyumenkilum prefect avare veettuthadankalilaakkaanum kazhiyum. "eee reydukal palappozhum akramatthinte avasaramaayirunnu", ainodi ezhuthi.
ooksilari police fozhsu" (eph. pii. eiii-"fozhsu dii police accelior") 1959-ll roopeekarikkappettu. eee prathyeka constabulary fozhsu, prefecture oof poleesinte ("sentar dii coordination dess afayezhs algerians dii laa prefecture dii police") aljeeriyan afayezhs coordination sentarinte adhikaarathinu keezhil sainyathinte melnottatthil paappante niyanthranathilaayirunnu. kyapttan reymond montanarude neethrthwathilulla romanvilleyile fort dii noysiyil sthithicheyyunna ithu poornnamaayum algeriayilo francillo recruit cheyyappetta aljeeriyan musleengal chernnathaanu. 1960 leeii sharathkaalathil eph. pii. eiii. yill 600 amgangalundaayirunnu. ithu aadyamaayi pravarthichathu 13-aamm arontismentilaanu, avide athu kaphe-hotelukal aavasyappettu. 9, ruu harway, 208, ruu duu chaattau dess rentier ennividangalil peedanangal upayogichathayi abhyoohamundu. nirbandhitha thirodaanangal nadannu. thudarnnu eph. pii. eiii. 18-aamath arontismentilekku athinte pravartthanam vyapippichu, avide ruu dii laa gautte-dii 'ooril moonnu hotelukal aavasyappettu. 1961 leeii venalkkaalam muthal, prathyekichu nantereyude bidonvillesil, praanthapradeshangalilum eph. pii. eiii sajeevamaayirunnu. police prefecture nishedhicha eee kuttakrithyangale chila shabdangal ethirthu. kristhyan maasika ezhuthi "nammude paareesil purushanmaar gestappoyude reethikale punarujjeevippikkumbol nishabdatha palikkaan kazhiyilla".
1961.
1961 august avasaanathode franch poleesinu ethiraaya bombakramanam punaraarambhikkaan efln theerumaanichu; 1961 august avasaanam muthal october thudakkam vare paareesilum athinte praanthapradeshangalilum 11 poleesukaar kollappedukayum 17 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu. "eee bombaakramanangal paarees poleesinte raankukaliludaneelam bhayam parathunnathinte phalamaayirunnu, mathramalla muzhuvan samoohathodum prathikaram cheyyaanum vidvesham prakadippikkaanum aagrahikkukayum cheythu. septambar muzhuvan aljeeriyan janatha kadutha adichamarthappettu. praayogikamaayi, eee valia adichamarthal shaareerika roopathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu ", ainodi parayunnu. aljeeriyakkaarkkethireyum, mikkappozhum magrebi janathaykkethireyum (morocar allengil tunisiakkaar), spanish allengil itaaliyan kudiyettakkarkethireyum divasena reydukal nadannirunnu. aljeeriyakkaare jolisthalatho theruvukalilo arast cheyyukayum mattu reethikalkoppam mungimarikkaan kaikal kettiyukondu seenil eriyukayum cheythu, udaaharanathinu mission dii fraansil ninnulla purohithanaaya joseph kerlante oru reportil kaanikkunnu.
ainodiyude abhipraayathil, "eee kaalaavasthayilaanu, october 2 nuu, efln kollapetta oru poleesukaarante shavasamskara velayil, police prefector [paappon] prefecturinte muttathu prakhyaapichu 'edutha oru adikku njangal patthu thirike nalkum!'eee vilii aljeeriyakkaare kollaanulla prothsaahanamaayirunnu, athu udan thanne manassilakkappettu. athe divasam thanne montrujinte police steshan sandarshicha police prefect sannihitharaya police udyogastharodu ingane prakhyaapichu 'mattullavarodu ningale ethirkkunna yudhathil ningalum attimarikkunnavaraayirikkan. ningalkk samrakshanam nalkum, athinekkurichu njaan ningalkk ente vaakk nalkunnu '.
sambhavangal.
1961 october 5 nuu ratri 8:30 muthal curfue earppeduthiyathaayi prefecture oof police oru pathra prasthavanayil prakhyaapichu.emm. pularche 5:30 vare.emm. paareesilum athinte praanthapradeshangalilum "aljeeriyan musleem thozhilaallikal", "franch muslimkal", "aljeeriyayile franch muslimkal" (paappon upayogikkunna moonnu padangalum, akkaalat paareesil thaamasichirunna ekadesham 150,000 aljeeriyakkaare audyogikamaayi franch aayi kanakkaakkukayum franch thirichariyal card kaivasham vaykkukayum cheythirunnu). 1961 october 17nuu vamseeya bharana nadapadiyaayi parakke kanakkaakkappedunna curfuvinethire prakadanam nadatthaan france federation paareesile purushanmaarodum sthreekalodum kuttikalodum ahvaanam cheythu. charitrakaaranaaya jeane-luke ainaudiyude abhipraayathil, eee prakadanam thadayaan paappanin 7,000 poleesukaarum 1,400 kodiyum "gendarms mobailukalum" (kalapa police) undaayirunnu, ithinu police prefecture karar nalkiyirunnilla (niyamaparamaaya prakadanangalkku nirbandham). angane police seena thalasthaanam, metro steshanukal, railway steshanukal, paarees 'porttukal' muthalaayavayilekkulla ellah praveshanavum thadanju. paareesil thamasikkunna ekadesham 150,000 aljeeriyan janasamkhyayil, avaril 000 perkku prakadanatthil cheraan kazhinju. nagaratthiludaneelam police raid nadatthi. 11, 000 pere arast cheyyukayum raatt buzz vazhi paarkk dess expositionilekkum vichiyude keezhil upayogikkunna mattu thadankal kendrangalilekkum kondupookukayum cheythu. thadavilaakkappettavaril aljeeriyakkaar mathramalla, vividha police steshanukalilekkum police prefecturinte muttathekkum palays dess sports oof porte dii vezhsaays (15-aamm arontisment), stade piyar dii coobertin thudangiyavayilekkum ayacha morocan, tunisian kudiyettakkaarum ulppedunnu.
eee reydukal undaayirunnittum, 4,000 muthal 5,000 vare aalukal republic muthal opera vareyulla grands boulevaardukalil oru sambhavavumillathe samaadhaanaparamaayi prakadanam nadatthi. police seena operayil thadanjathode prathishedhakkaar pinmari. rex sinimayilekku ("grands boulevaardukalile" ippozhathe leeii rex klabbinte sthalam) ethiya police janakkoottathinu nere vediyuthirkkukayum kuttapathram samarppikkukayum cheythu, ithu niravadhi maranangalkk kaaranamaayi. neuli paalatthil (paareesine praanthapradeshangalil ninnu verthirikkunna), police dittaachmentukalum eph. pii. eiii amgangalum janakkoottathinu nere vediyuthirkkukayum chilar kollappedukayum cheythu. nagaratthileyum athinte praanthapradeshangalileyum pooyintukalil, prathyekichu paareesinte madhyabhaagathulla pondu seyint-mishelilum paareesinu valare aduthulla police prefecturilum, aljeeriyakkaare seenil eriyukayum mungimarikkukayum cheythu.
raathriyil, police aasthaanathinte muttathu oru koottakkola nadannu, pathinaayirakkanakkin irakal kollappettu. palays dess sportsil, thudarnnu "porte dii vezhsaaysinte" paarkk dess exposionsil, thadavilakkappetta aljeeriyakkaar, ithinakam thanne parikketta palarum, oru 'swaagatha samithiyude' chittayaya irakalaayi. eee sthalangalil ganyamaaya akramam nadakkukayum thadavukaare peedippikkukayum cheythu. aazhchaavasaanam vare purushanmaar avide marikkum. coobertin stadiyathilum samanamaaya ramgangal nadannu... reydukal, akramam, mungimaranam enniva thudarnnulla divasangalilum thudarum. aazhchakalolam nadiyude theerathu anjjaathamaaya mrithadehangal kandethiyittundu. koottakkolayude irakal kuranjathu 200 perr marichathaayi kanakkakkaam.
1961ll police prefecture "2 perr vediyettu marichathine" kurichu maathramaan samsaarichath. 1990kalude avasaanathil paappon vichaaranaykkide charitrakaaranaaya jeane-luke ainodiyude saakshyathethudarnnu, idathupaksha police mantri jeane-piyari chevanment aarkkaivukalude bhagangal thurakkaan utharavittu. eee bhagika rekhakalude anweshanathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla mandelken reportil 32 perr marichathaayi kanakkakki. reportinte reethishaasthratheyum koodiyaalochicha rekhakaleyum vimarshichukond eee audyogika vyakthiye ethirthu 1998 meyy 20nuu ainodi "leeii monde" enna lekhanathil oru lekhanam prasidheekarichu. niravadhi rekhakal nasippikkappettu enna vasthuthayilekku addeham shradha kshanichu. aabhyantharamanthri rogger free, pradhaanamantri, sarkkar medhavi chaals dii gaul ennivarkkaayi paappon thayyarakkiya oru report koodiyaalochicha rekhakalil ulppeduthiyitla. koodaathe, police prefecturinte muttathu nadanna koottakolaye mandelkan report avaganichu, reportil paappante peru thanne evideyum prathyakshappettilla. 1961 october 17nuu ratri mouris paappante nirddeshaprakaaram pravarthicha police seena nadatthiya oru koottakkola nadannathaayi paranju ainadi thante lekhanam avasaanippichu."1999 februvariyil paappon oru pothupravartthakane apakeerthippeduthiyenna aaropich eee shiksha kaaranam addehathinethire cases phayal cheythu.
athesamayam, 1998ll nadanna koottakkola samsthaanam amgeekarikkukayum 40 perr marichathaayi parayukayum cheythu.
paapponinte abhyarthanayodu prathikaricha kodathi avyakthamaaya oru vidhi purappeduvichu. ainaudi pappane apakeerthippeduthiyennum ennaal ainaudi "nalla vishwaasathil" pravarthichuvennum ainaudiyude gaveshanathinte "gauravatheyum gunanilavaaratheyum" prashamsichathaayum athil parayunnu. angane pappanum ainaudiyum kodathiyude vidhiyil theliyikkapettu.
1998ll franch gavanment kammeeshan 48 perr maathramaan marichathennu avakashappettu. charitrakaaranaaya jeane-luke ainadi ("laa baatteyli dii paarees", 1991) 200 oolam aljeeriyakkaar kollappettathayi avakashappettu. charitrakaaranaaya jeane-pooll brunet 31 aljeeriyakkaarude kolapaathakathinu thripthikaramaaya thelivukal kandethi, athesamayam yadhaartha erakalil 50 perr vare vishwasaneeyamaanennu soochippikkunnu.
1997ll saamskaarika mantri catherine trotman (pii. ezz) police rekhakalude (2012 vare tharamthirikkendava) oru bhagam parisodhikkaan parimithamaaya praveshanam anuvadicha david assolin ithu virudhamaanu. kollapetta 70 perude pattika addeham kandethi, athesamayam eee sambhavangal pariganikkaan erakalude kudumbangal vilicha majistrettukal poleesukaare vyavasthaapithamaayi veruthevittuvenna ainaudiyude paraamarshangal grandhangal sthireekarichu. 1997-ll directore udharicha "leeii monte" prakaram, october randaam pakuthiyode rajisttaril 90 pere pattikapedutthi.
2001 ll "espritt" enna lekhanathil, 1961 october 17 nuu 200 perr kollappettathaayum 1961 leeii sharathkaalathil 325 perr police kollappettathaayum samsaaricha jeane-luke ainaudiyum 50 perr maathram kanakkakkiya jeane-pooll brunetum (1961 septambarinum desemberinum edayilulla naalu maasangalil imml medisico-leagal instittyoottiloode kadannupoya 160 maranangalum, kolapaathakathinu irakalaakaan saadhyathayulla 160 perum) thammilulla vivaadathekkurichu pooll tibod charcha cheythu. chila kaaryangalil ainaudiye vimarshichenkilum, brunet police aarkkaivukal maathrame koodiyaalochichittullavum iml medico-leagal instittyoottinte rajisttarukal mukhavilaykku eduthittundennum tiboud adivarayittu paranju. mattu srothassukale adisthaanamaakki, marichavarekkurichulla bharanaparamaya abhiprayavyathyaasangal nadannittundennum imline eaka srotassaayi aashrayikkaan kazhiyillennum tiboud (brunattineppole) choondikkaatti. 1961 septambar 1 num desember 31 num idayil 300 aljeeriyan kolapathakangal (poliso mattullavaro aakatte) kanakkakkaan ainaudiyude pravartthanangal saadhyamaakkiyenn tiboud nigamanam cheythu.
koottakolaye chuttipattiyulla sambhavangalum athinte maranasamkhyayum pathittaandukalaayi valia thothil anjjaathamaayirunnu. akkaalat mikkavarum maadyama vaarthakal undaayirunnilla. 1962 februvari 8 nuu nadanna shaaron metro steshan koottakolayil franch maadyamangal avaye marachuvechathinaal eee sambhavangal bhaagikamaayi anjjaathamaayi thudarnnu, athinte irakal aljeeriyakkaar mathramalla, franch communist partyile franch amgangalum aayirunnu.
prathikaranangal.
1961 october 26 nuu, "france obsarvetter" edittar claude bordettinte edittar georges montaron, "liberation" edittar immaanuval dii aastiyar dii laa vigeri, "telerama" edittar avril, edavaka purohitan lochard, "espritt" maasikayude edittar jeane-maari domenac, jeane shafert, andrey suukviyer ennivar "police akramathinum paareesil 1961 october 17 nuu nadanna prakadanatthinte adichamarthalinum" ethiraaya prathishedhathinaayi "maisan dii laa myoochvalaittil oru yogam samghadippichu.
kurachu divasangalkku sesham, chila anjjaatha poleesukaar "oru koottam republican poleesukaar prakhyaapikkunnu" enna peril oru vaachakam prasidheekarichu..."() october 31nuu ingane prasthaavichu
1961 october 17num thudarnnulla divasangalilum samadhaanaparamaaya prathishedhakkaarkkethire enthaanu sambhavichathu, avarude mail aayudangalonnum kandethiyilla, dhaarmmikamaayi njangalude saakshyam konduvarikayum pothujanabhipraayam ariyikkukayum cheiyunnu...) ellah kuttavaalikalum shikshikkappedanam. utharavaadithamulla ellah aalukalkkum, utharavukal nalkunnavarkkum, athu sambhavikkaan anuvadikkunnuvennu nadikkunnavarkkum, avarude uyarnna padavi enthuthanneyaayaalum (shiksha nalkanam...) porte dii vezhsaaylisile paarkk dess expossionsilekku konduvanna aayirakkanakkin aljeeriyakkaaril pathinaayirakkanakkin perr raifil battukalil ninnum picax handilukalil ninnum (...) mattullavar niyamapaalakarum poleesukaarum gendermar amgangalum avarude viralukal murichumaatti, avar "swaagatha samiti" ennu svayam punarnaamakaranam cheythu. neuli paalatthinte oru attathu, oru vashath poleesukaarude samghangalum maruvashathu sii. aarr. esum pathukke parasparam neengi. eee valia keniyil kudungiya ellah aljeeriyakkareyum thakarth chittayode seenil erinju. noorukanakkinu aalukal eee chikilsaykku vidheyaraayi (...) [paarees police aasthaanathu,] peedanangal nadatthiyavar thangalude irakale forencic vidagtharude parisodhanayil ninnu thadayunnathinaayi muttathu ninnu eathaanum meter maathram akaleyulla seenil pathinaayirakkanakkin aalukal erinju. avarude vaachukalum panavum edukkaathe allah. police prefect shree paappan, shree. aaa bhayanakamaaya ramgangalil sitti poleesinte general director lege sannihithanaayirunnu...) eee avasana naalukalil enthaanu sambhavichathennum enthaanu thudarnnukondirikkunnum eee tharkkamillaatha vasthuthakal oru cheria bhagam maathramaan. avar sitti poleesinu idayil ariyappedunnu. brigades speciales dess distrikts", "brigades dess agraganans entu violences" ennivar haarkkikal cheytha kuttakrithyangal inii rahasyamalla. warta ejansikal nalkunna cheria vivarangal sathyavumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol onnumalla (...) njangal eee vaachakathil oppidilla, athil aathmaarthamaayi khedikkunnu. nilavile saahacharyangal angane cheyyaan anuvadikkunnillennu sankadamillaathe naam nireekshikkunnu...) 
mouris paappan avare kandethaan shramichenkilum 1990 kalude avasaanam vare rachayithakkal anjjaatharaayi thudarnnu. 1999 februvariyil, athinte pradhana ezhuthukaaranum yudhasamayathe deseeya frond resistans oorganaiseshanile muun amgavumaaya emil portser, paappon thanikkethire nadatthiya vichaaranayude samayat charitrakaaranaaya jeane-luke inodic anukoolamaayi saakshyappeduthi (pinneedu ainodi vijayichu). 1962 januvari 1nuu paappon thante utharavanusarichu police senayodu ingane prakhyaapichu
october 17nuu ningal vijayichu... aljeeriyan bheekarathaykkethiraaya vijayam... oru anweshana samiti sthaapikkuka enna police prefecturinte athiraalikalude lakshyam parajayappettathinaal ningalude dhaarmika thalpparyangal vijayakaramaayi samrakshikkappettu.
1962 februvari 8-nuu nadanna shaaron koottakkola.
1962 februvari 8nuu, samsthaanam nirodhichirunna oaasinethiraaya mattoru prakadanam shaaron metro steshanil adichamarthappettu. sijiti trade unionile ombathu amgangal, avaril bhooribhaagavum franch communist party amgangal, athe sarkkaarin keezhilulla paappan nirddeshicha police senayude aakramanathil kollappettu, aabhyanthara manthriyaayi rogger free, pradhaanamanthriyaayi maikkal debre, presidentaayi chaals dii gaul ennivar "october 17 leeii kuttakrithyatthinte vyaapthi" (jeane-luke ainodi) marachuvekkaan aavunnathellam cheythu. 1962 februvari 13nuu nadanna maranananthara chadangukalil (avaril franch charithrakaarante ammayaya phaani deverp ulppedunnu) lakshakkanakkin aalukal pankedutthu. 2007 februvari 8 nuu metro steshanu sameepamulla oru chathuramaaya duu 8 favour 1962 paarees mayer bertrand delano, kolapathakangal nadanna metro steshanu ullil sthaapicha oru smaaraka phalakathinte chuvattil pookkalude sprekal nikshepichathinu sesham samarppichu.
report cheiyunnu.
jaims jeey. times", "time" magazin, "newyork times" thudangiya pradhana britiish, american maadyama srothassukal koottakkolayekkurichulla report cheytha napoli koottakkolayude kaadinyatheyum sambhavangalude paarees sarkkaarinte utharavaadithatheyum kurachukaanunnu.
charithralekhanavum sameepakaala sambhavangalum.
aarkkaivukalilekkum maranasamkhyayilekkum praveshanam.
1961ll nadanna koottakkolayethudarnnu, 1990kalil veendum thurakkunnathuvare anweshikkaan aagrahikkunna arcum police aarkkaivukal seal cheythu. jeane-luke ainadi prasidheekaricha "laa baatteyil dii paarees" enna pusthakatthil maranasamkhya 200-nuu aduthaanennu addeham kanakkaakkiyathine thudarnnaanu ithu. eee pusthakam prasidheekarichathode koottakkolaykk kooduthal amgeekaaram labhikkaan thudangi, ithu aarkkaivukal veendum thurakkunnathilekku nayichu. ennirunnaalum, maranasamkhya ekadesham 30 aanennu kanakkakkiya mattoru charitrakaaranaaya jeane-pooll brunetinu praveshanam anuvadichathinethudarnnu 30 maasathekku ainaudikk praveshanam nishedikkappettu.
1998ll koottakkola nadannathaayum "niravadhi dussen" aalukal kollappettathaayum franch sarkkar amgeekarikkunnathinumbu audyogika maranasamkhya thudakkathil moonnaayirunnu.
prosecutionukal.
kolapathakangalil pankedutthathinu aareyum vichaarana cheythitilla, kaaranam avaa aljeeriyan yudhasamayathu nadanna kuttakrithyangalkku pothumaapp nalkappettu.
anusmaranavum audyogika amgeekaaravum.
koottakkolaykk naalpat varshathinu sesham, 2001 october 17 nuu, police prefecturinu (prefecture dii police) thottaduthulla pondu seyint-mishalinu sameepam 1961 leeii erakalkkulla oru smaaraka phalakam sthaapikkukayum anaachaadanam cheyyukayum cheythukondu paarees nagaram eee sambhavam audyogikamaayi amgeekarichu.
oru audyogika smaarakathinte sthaapanavum angane rashtreeya idathupaksham nirddeshikkukayum paareesile soshyalist mayer bertrand delanoyude pinthunayode smaaraka phalakavum oru tharatthilum tharkkamillaathavayaayirunna. 2001 septambar 24nuu paarees sitti kaunsilil (konseyil dii paarees) nadanna smaaraka phalakathinaayulla karadu prameyathekkurichulla charchakalilum ithu vyakthamaayi. valathupaksha prathinidhikal nirddishta phalakathe ethirthu, 1961-ll rashtreeya adhikaarikale kuttappeduthunnathinulla oru maargamaayi ithine kandu, allathe eflnum police thammilulla paraspara akramathe amgeekarikkaanalla. koodaathe, aabhyanthara aswasthathakaludeyum bheekaravaadathinteyum vardhichuvarunna bheeshaniyekkurichu aashankakal uyarthappettu. theevra valathupakshakkaaraan aadyam eee theerumaanathe shakthamayi athirthathenkilum, muun aabhyantharamanthri jeane-piyari chevanment ulppede niravadhi madhyavarga, idathupaksha raashtreeyakkaarum angane cheythu, randaamathethu athu deseeya aikyathe doshakaramaayi badhikkum. karadu prameyam aathyanthikamayi nirasicha prathipaksha grouppukal dii. ell, aarr. pii. aarr, tibaristukal, yuu. dii. eph ennivayaayirunnu. 1961 october 17-leeii erakalkkulla adaranjali police unionukal (alayans, sgp-phoo) vimarsikkukayum eee nadapadi senaye apamanikkunnathaayi kaanukayum sambhavangal uyarthunnathu deseeya police (police naashanal) franch janangalum thammilulla anyavalkkaranathilekku nayikkumennu bhayappedukayum cheythu.
soshyalist gavanmentinteyum elysse kottaarathinteyum audyogika prathinidhiyude saannidhyamillaathe, praadeshika valathupaksha raashtreeyakkaaranonnum illaatheyaanu phalakathinte anaachaadana chadangu nadannathu. koodaathe, pondu seyint-mishelil ninnu kurachu akale rashtreeya prathinidhikalum valathupaksha, theevra valathupaksha pravartthakarum adaranjali oru "prakopanamaayi" kaanukayum, adaranjaliyil prathishedhikkaan mattoru prakadanam samghadippikkukayum cheythu.
phalakathile likhitham "eiii laa memoire dess nombrex algerians tyoos lorse dii laa saamglaant repression dii laa maanifesteshan paciphic duu 17 october 1961" (engleesh.: 1961 october 17 nuu samadhaanaparamaaya prakadanatthinte raktharookshithamaaya adichamarthalinide kollapetta niravadhi aljeeriyakkaarude oormmaykkaayi) athinaal kuttavaalikalude ejansiyeyo oru tharatthilulla utharavaadithatheyo abhisambodhana cheyyaathe valare avyakthamaayi thudarunnu. 1961 october 17nuu association president aaya charitrakaaranaaya oliviyar lecor grandmison thiranjeduttha paatatthe vimarsikkukayum "ell hyoomaanitte" ennu prakhyapikkukayum cheythu.
"pondu seyint-mishelinu oru smaaraka phalakam sthaapikkaanulla paarees nagaratthinte theerumaanathode oru padi munnott poyaal, athinaayi thiranjeduttha vaachakam manushyaraashikkethiraaya kuttakrithyam enna aashayatheyo kuttakrithyatthinte rachayithaavinte utharavaadithatheyo prolsaahippikkunnille addeham khedam prakadippichu. athinaal, oru saahacharyathilum eee paarees samrambham ettavum uyarnna deseeya adhikaarikale utharavaaditham ettedukkunnathil ninnu ozhivaakkunnilla. koodaathe, [muun soshyalist pradhaanamantri] lionel jospin kazhinja varsham [2000-ll] "daarunamaaya sambhavangale" kurichu samsaarichukond svayam prakadippichittundel, kuttakrithyatthil poleesinte utharavaadithamo akkaalathe rashtreeya utharavaadithamullavarude utharavaadithamo vyakthamaayi sthaapichittilla, audyogikamaayi apalapikkappedunnathil valare kuravaanu."
chadanginushesham, enthaanu sambhavichathenn manasilakkukayum aikyathode munnott pookukayum cheyyendathu pradhaanamaanennu bertrand delano prasthaavichu. phalakam archethireyum allennum marichu erakalude pingaamikal paarees samoohathinte bhaagamaanenn urappu nalkaanaan uddeshikkunnathennum mayer paranju.
anchaam arontisementinu akkaalat oru golist mayer undayirunnathinaal, smaaraka phalakam oduvil seyninte idathu karayil sthaapikkunnathinupakaram Île de l cité (4th arrondissement) ll sthaapichu enna vasthuthayilum praadeshika rashtreeya vivaadangal prathifalikkunnu.
aaa divasam thanne, vettaranmaarude utharavaadithamulla prathirodha sekrattari jackwus floach deseeya assemblic munnil delanoyude aamgyathe nyaayeekarikkukayum 1961 leeii curfue vamshathe adisthaanamaakki baadhakamaayirunnuvennum athinusesham niravadhi aarr. pii. aarr, demokraatti liberal prathinidhikal assembly vittathayum daarunamaaya sambhavathinte rashtreeya veendedukkalinekkurichu avarude viyojip prakadippichathaayum prasthaavichu.
2001leeii sambhavangal praadeshika thalathilaanu nadannathu. paarees samoohathe vyakthamaayi paraamarsikkunna paarees nagaratthile thiranjedukkappetta udyogasthanenna nilayil phalakathinteyum bertrand delanoideyum anaachaadanathil oru sarkkar udyogasthanum pankedutthilla. praadeshika thalatthil amgeekaaram nadappaakkiyenna vastutha pinneedu kooduthal sookshmaparishodhanaykku vidheyamaayi, koodaathe paarees samrambham deseeya amgeekaarathinulla abhyarthanakal kuraykkunnathinaanu uddeshichathennu chilar soochippikkunnu. ennaal audyogika sarkkar pankaalittham illengilum, phalakam sthaapichathu paareesinappurathu swaadheenam chelutthi.
mahathaaya deseeya aakhyaanathinte thiruthal nadapadiyaayi paareesinu chuttumulla mattu nagarangalilum phalakathinte chithram prathidhwanikkunnu. colonial kaalaghattatthinum colonial kaalaghattatthinum edayilulla takarnna rekhakaliloode ulchernna aaghaathakaramaaya saahacharyangaliloninte charitraparamaaya parivarthanatthilekku samsthaanathu ninnulla parivartthanam urappaakkunna oormma samrambhangalaan falakangalum theruvukal, chathurangal, pothu lokki ennivayude punarnaamakaranam '1961 october 17' ennu cheiyunnathu. varthamaanakaalath aaghaathangale jeevanode nilanirthunnathiloode rogashanti prakriyayude bhagamaaya falakangal oormmayude sthalangalkku samaanamaan, koodaathe nishabdamaaya charithratthinte valachodikkalukal thiruthunnathinulla colonial kaalaghattatthinte edapedaline prathinidheekarikkunnu."
2012 october 17nuu president francois holland 1961ll paareesil nadanna aljeeriyakkaarude koottakolaye amgeekarichu. oru franch president koottakolaye amgeekarikkunnathu ithaadyamaayaanu addeham eee sambhavathe amgeekarichathu. aljeeriyan paarlamentine abhisambodhana cheiyunnathinu rund maasam munbaanu eee amgeekaaram labhichathu. aljeeriyan paarlamentine abhisambodhana cheythukondu addeham 1961 october 17nuu nadanna koottakkola ulppedeyulla fraansinte colonial bhoothakaalathe kooduthal upekshikkukayum amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. president holland franch kolanivalkkaranavum prasamgathilulla mattu ulladakkangalum engane roopappeduthiyennathinaal eee prasangam valare vivaadaparamaanennu kandethiyittundu. sambhavathe president holland amgeekarichittum fraansinteyum avarude saamraajyathva charithrathinteyum kaazhchappaadine maattunnathil ithinu valia moolyamundaakillennu chilar vaadikkunnu.
2021 october 16 nuu, president immaanuval maakron koottakolaye athinte 60-aamm vaarshikathodanubandhichu apalapichu, franch republic eee avasarathil "mapparhamaaya kuttakrithyangal" cheythuvennu audyogikamaayi amgeekarichu, atharam "mapparhamaaya kuttakrithyangalkku" aupachaarikamaayi mapp parayaathe, munkaalangalil franch republic cheytha colonial kuttakrithyangal amgeekarikkukayum amgeekarikkukayum cheiyunnathil ulppedunna athinte prakhyapitha nayathinu anusrithamaayi, avaykku aupachaarikamaayi mapp parayukayo mapp chodikkukayo cheiyunnathinupakaram. pinneedu maakron erakalude anusmarana chadangil pankedutthu angane cheiyunna aadya franch presidentaayi.
baahya linkukal.
 

