
land rover enchinukal

britiish kambani land rover athinte 4x4 vahanangalil upayogikkunna enchinukalil naalu silindar petrol enchinukalum naalu silindar deesal enchinukalum ulppedunnu. licensinu keezhil nirmmicha land rover vaahanangalkk strait six silindar enchinukal upayogichittundu. mattu kambanikal vikasippichedutha vividha naalu silindar, vii8, vii6 enchinukalum land rover upayogichittundengilum eee lekhanam land rover vaahanangalkkayi prathyekamaayi vikasippicha enchinukalekkurichu maathramaan.
thudakkathil, upayogicha enchinukal staanderd rover kaar petrol enchinukalude parishkaricha pathippukalaayirunnu, ennaal samarppita inn-house yoonittukalude aavasyakatha vegathil manassilakki. eee parambarayile aadyathe enchin 1948 leeii 1.6-litre petrolaayirunnu, eee roopakalppana mechappeduthukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu. 1958ll 2286 sisi oru puthiya petrol enchin avatharippichu, eee adisthaana enchin petrol, deesal roopathil nilaninnirunnu, varshangalolam kramanugathamaayi parishkarikkappedukayum 200tiai aayi maarukayum cheythu. gauravameriya punarroopakalppana 1994leeii 300tdiyil kalaashichu, athu 2006ll uthppaadanam nirtthi. eee shreniyile 12 lakshathiladhikam enchinukal nirmmichu.
1998 muthal tidi5 enchin land rover uthppannangalil gadippichu. naalu silindar designukalumaayi oru tharatthilum bandhamillaattha eee anchu silindar turbodiesil yadhaarthathil rover kaarukalilum land rover 4x4s-lum upayogikkaan uddeshichullathaanenkilum, ithu land rover roopathil maathramaan uthppaadanathilethiyathu. 1998num 2007num idayil nirmmicha ithu 310,000 roopaykkaanu nirmmichathu.
eee enchinukalude uthpaadanam yadhaarthathil birminghamile acox greenil roverinte saattalait faaktariyilum (ex-bristtol herculese enchin plaantilum) solihalile pradhana rover varkkukalilum vahana assembly nadannu. 1979ll britiish leylandumaayi land rover oru prathyeka vibhaagamaayi srishtichathinushesham, 1982ll solihalil rover kaarukalude uthpaadanam nirtthi. kaar lineukal ozhinja sthalathu oru puthiya enchin assembly line nirmmikkukayum 1983ll solihalil enchin uthpaadanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. 2007ll dagenham (deesal enchinukal), bridge (petrol enchinukal) ennivayil land rover nirmmicha foord, jagwar enchinukal upayogikkaan thudangiyappol solihalile enchin line adachu.
chila land rover enchinukal kaarukal, vaanukal, bottukal ennivayilum upayogichittundu.
land rover vaahanangalkkayi prathyekamaayi vikasippikkukayum nirmmikkukayum cheytha enchinukal maathrame eee lekhanathil ulkkollunnulloo. kambanikku purathu vikasippichedutha enchinukal ithil ulppedunnillengilum rover vii8, rover ioe petrol enchinukal allengil nilavile foord/jagwar-derived enchinukal enniva polulla uthppannangalil ithu upayogikkunnu. enchinukal avayude aamukhathinte kaalakramatthil chuvade pattikappedutthiyirikku.
vivaranavum savisheshathakalum.
2 littar deesal.
1950kaliludaneelam deesal enchin ulla land roverinulla aavasyam vardhichukondirunnu. deesal saankethikavidya mechappettu, cheria seshiyullathum athivegathilullathumaaya enchinukal praayogikamakki. deesal oorjjam lokamembaadumulla vyaavasaayika, kaarshika upayogangalilum pramukhamaayitheernnu, land roverukalude fleet upayokthaakkal palappozhum avarude land roverukal maathramaan petrol enchin vahanangal, ithu bhagangal, sarvees, indhana vitharanam enniva kooduthal sankeernamaakkunnu. 1954ll rover motor kambani staanderd triumfumaayi layanathinulla saadhyathayekkurich charcha nadathukayaayirunnu. ferguson tractorukalil gadippicha 20sii enchinum staanderd wangard kaarum (brittanile aadyathe deesal kaar) rodiloode pookunna cheria deesal enchinukalude thudakkakkaaraayirunnu staanderd. ithinte bhaagamaayi rover enchineeyarmaarkku staanderdinte deesal designukal padikkaan kazhinju. layanam nirthalaakkiyenkilum cheria deesal enchinukal vikasippikkunnathil roverinu supradhana anubhavavum arivum labhichirunnu. athinte phalam oru "vettu-liner" naalu silindar enchinaanu. indhana kuthivayppu upakaranangal guhayil ninnullathaayirunnu, enchin recardo "vaalnakshatram" chuzhalikkaatt arakal upayogichu, ennaal shaanthavum sugamavumaaya oottam srishtikkaan rover vikasippicha "dimpleukal" upayogichirunnu. arambham mechappeduthunnathinaayi oro jwalana arayilum heater plugukal gadippichu. 1957ll land roverilaanu enchin vikshepichathu. puthiya enchin phitt cheyyaan vaahanathin enchin beyile chesiyilekku adhika lettu undaayirikkanam. ellah vaahanangalilum ore transmission yoonit upayogikkaan anuvadikkunnathinu enchinte power aouttputtum speed rench nilavilulla petrol enchinumaayi valare aduthaayirunnu.
land rover seerees I, seerees II ennivayil upayogikkunnu
2.25 littar petrol (enchin kodukal 10h, 11h, 13h).
1958ll vikshepicha seerees II land rover yadhaarthathekkaal valuthum bhaarameriyathum sankeernnavumaayirunnu, uyarnna power enchinukalude aavasyam eppozhum undaayirunnu. koodaathe, akkaalat upayogichirunna rover petrol enchinukal, purathana inlettu-ovar-exhost valve leauttu, roopakalppanayude kaaryatthil 20 vayass aduthukondirunnu. land roverinaayi prathyekamaayi vikasippichedutha oru puthiya, valia petrol enchin aavashyamaayirunnu. nilavilulla 2 littar deesal enchin adisthaanamaayi upayogichirunnuvenkilum aantharika ghadanayil samoolamaaya maattam varuthi. puthiya enchin dry-liner tharatthilaayirunnu, kuranja vegathayulla tork outtputtu mechappeduthunnathinna vishalamaaya booar upayogichu. niravadhi mattangal undaayirunnittum, petrol enchinu deesalinte athe mesheening line upayogikkaan kazhiyum, ithu land roverinte petrol, deesal enchinukalkkidayil saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunna oru design sthaapikkukayum athu pathittaandukalolam nilanilkkukayum cheyyum. 1980kalude pakuthi vare ettavum janapriyamaaya enchin oopshanaayirunnu <aii. dii. 1> petrol, ithu vishwaasyathaykkum deerghaayussinum lokamembaadum prashasthi nedi. enchinte thaarathamyena kuranja compression anupaathavum pothuvaaya sakthamaaya roopakalppanayum mosham gunanilavaaramulla indhanathodum ennayodum sahishnutha pulartthukayum apoorva sarveesukal nadathukayum cheythu. sariyaaya attakuttappanikalode, eee enchinukalkku sevanathekkaal eluppathil athijeevikkaan kazhiyum. petrol, deesal pathippukal thammilulla saamyam kaaranam petrol pathipp jolikkayi alppam amithamaayi roopakalppana cheythathaanu; avar deesalinte asaadhaaranamaaya shakti savisheshathakal nilanirtthi, athesamayam sammarddam valare kuravaayirunnu. silindarukalkkaayi aabhyantharamaayi vikasippicha irumbu "bilcrom" upayogichu shefield aasthaanamaayulla foundariyaaya beane industries limittadaan enchin castingukal nirmmichathu. 1980-ll anchu bharamullah kraankshaafttinte phitting aayirunnu roopakalppanayile oreyoru pradhana maattam, ithu bottom-end shakthiyum parishkaranavum mechappeduthi. upayogapradamaaya uthbhavam undaayirunnittum, 2.25-litre petrol shaanthavum sugamamayi pravarthikkunnathumaaya enchinaanu, ithu roverine avarude pii4 saloon kaarumaayi rover 80 aayi gadippikkaan praapthamakki. compression anupaathatheyum emission-regulation upakaranangalude alavineyum aashrayich eee enchininu vividha power aouttputtukal labhyamaayirunnu.
upayogichathu land rover seerees II, seerees III, thonnootti/onnu patthu/127; koodaathe rover pii4 80
2.25 littar deesal (enchin coode 10 jeey).
seerees II land rover vilppana vijayamaayirunnuvenkilum mechappeduthalukalkku idam avasheshichu. 1962ll cheruthaayi maattam varuthiya aii. aii. eiii. seerees puratthirangi. ettavum valia update mechappetta deesal enchinum chila suspension, steering sisttam mattangalumaayirunnu. block, valve gear, cooling sisttangal, lubrication sisttangal ennivayulppede petrol indhanamulla sahodarangalumaayi ithu niravadhi bhagangal pankittu. kooduthal karuthinaayi oru vyaja crankshaft upayogikkukayum vyathyastha pisttanukal aavashyamaayi varikayum cheythu. silindar head ore adisthaana casting upayogichirunnuvenkilum aantharikamaayi valare vyathyasthamaayirunnu, saaraamshathil yadhaartha 2 littar enchinil upayogichathinte update cheytha pathippayathinaal puthiya deesalinu sakthamaaya baahya saamyam undaayirunnu. 2.25-litre petrol pole, 2.25-litre deesal oru dry-liner roopakalppanayaayirunnu. petrol enchinte athe ulppaadana nirayilaanu ithu nirmmichathu, adisthaana roopakalppanayude vazhakkam valare thelivaanu; udaaharanathinu, deesal enchinukalkku avayude indhana injector pambukal undaayirunnidathu, petrol enchin athinte vitharanakkaarane gadippichirunnu. pavaril mithamaaya mechappeduthalum torkil upayogapradamaaya kuthichuchaattavum vaagdaanam cheythenkilum, puthiya deesal enchinte pradhana nettam pazhaya unitinekkaal valare shaanthavum kooduthal kaaryakshamavumayirunnu ennathaanu. sevanathil ithu kooduthal vishwasaneeyamaanennu thelinju. petrol enchin pole, 1980-ll deesal anchu bharamullah crankshaftaayi naveekarichu. 1982-num 1985-num idayil austin efx 4 "black kyab"-ll enchin gadippichu. enchin gadippicha efx 4-kalkk efx 4 aarr (roverinu aarr) ennu namakaranam cheythu. eee aaplikkeshanil, enchin valare hrasvamaaya sevana jeevithathinum vishwaasyathayillaaymaykkum prashasthi nedi. land roverinekkaal kooduthal samayam black cabil nishkriya vegathayil chelavazhichathaanu ithinu kaaranam. nishkriyamaaya vegathayil enchinte enna marddam kurayukayum timing cheyinte automatic tensioner yoonit poornnamaayum pravarthikkaathirikkum cheiyunnathinaal ithu prashnangalkk kaaranamaakumenn efx4aarinte nirmmaathaakkalaaya carbodykalkku solihal enchineeyarmaar munnariyipp nalkiyirunnu. nishkriyamaaya vegathayil chelavazhikkunna uyarnna manikkoorukalil (taxi drivermar yaathrakkaare kaathirikkumbozho duty illaathappozho enchinukal deerghaneram nishkriyamaayi nirthunna pravanatha kaanikkukayum athupole thanne landanile nischala traafikkil chelavazhikkunna ellah samayavum) ithu samaya shringalakal neettaan kaaranamavukayum thettaaya indhana kuthivayppu samayathinu kaaranamaakukayum ithu enchin ayuss valareyadhikam kuraykkukayum cheythu. 10jeey enchin american merkuri oru maraine enchinaakki maattukayum mercruiser 165 enna peril vilkkukayum cheythu.
land rover seerees II, seerees III, vann tenne ennivayil upayogikkunnu; carbodykal efx 4 (austin efx 4 ennum vilikkunnu) merkuri maraine enchinaakki vittu. koodaathe, oru beljiyam aasthaanamaayulla kambani volga saloon kaarukalkk parivarthanamaayi 10 jeey enchin vaagdaanam cheythathinte thelivukalum nilavilundu.
2.5 littar deesal enchin (enchin coode 11 jeey, 12 jeey, 13 jeey, 14 jeey, 15 jeey).
land roverinte samoolamaayi naveekaricha uthppanna nira 1983 ll aarambhichu. thudakkathil long-wheelbase vann tenne maathrame labhyamaayirunnulloo, muun seerees III model-2.25-litre petrol, deesal enchinukalum 3.5-litre rover v8 umm athe enchin lainappilaan ithu vittath. ennirunnaalum, land rover rolling mechappeduthalukalude oru parambara aasoothranam cheythu. 1984-ll short wheelbase thonnooru model oru aii. dii. 1 deesal enchinaakunnathinu thottumunbu puratthirakki. nilavilulla deesal yoonittinte (ippol 22 varsham pazhakkamulla) update cheytha pathippinekkaal alpam kooduthalaanithu. tork mechappeduthunnathinaayi strock neettiyirunnu, shabdavum udvamanavum kuraykkunnathinu oru update cheytha silindar head upayogichu. kooduthal aadhunikamaaya oru injector pump indhanakshamatha mechappeduthukayum mechappetta glow plug sisttam colled-starting prakadanam mechappeduthukayum cheythu. ettavum pradhanappetta maattam, reposition cheytha injector pump oodicha fiber-tooth beltt oodichathinu cheyin-drivend kaamshaaft maattuka ennathaayirunnu. injector pump ozhinja drive break servo systethinaayi oru vaakvam pambinu power nalkaan upayogichu. enchin bharam kuraykkunnathinu, cambelt cases, vaakvam pump, rocker cover, mattu bhagangal ennivaykkaayi aluminium castingukal vipulamaayi upayogichu. pazhayathum maattaan prayasamullathumaaya moolaka tharatthinu pakaram spin-oonn cartridge oayil filter fitment, under-pisttan oayil jettukalude phitting thudangiya mattu cheria mechappeduthalukal nadatthi. 1980kalude madhyathil charakk rover vaaninte uthppaadanathinte utharavaadithamulla land rover grouppinte bhaagamaayirunnu land rover. charakk rover 300 seereesilum efx 4 taxiyilum (eee aaplikkeshanukalkkulla enchinukalkku uyarnna moundu cheytha injector pambukal, noonn waterproof cambelt kesukal enniva polulla cheria design maattangalundaayirunnu. avarkk yathaakramam 14 jeey, 15 jeey ennee padavikal labhichu. oru cheyinekkaal timing beltt gadippichathinaal, 15 jeey enchinu athinte 10 jeey mungaamikal neritta efx 4 leeii vishwaasyatha prasnangalonnum neridendi vannilla. turbodiesel enchinukal avatharippichathinushesham enchin oru prathyeka oordar mathramulla oopshanaayi maari (chuvade kaanuka), pakshe 1994 vare ulppaadanathil thudarnnu (sainyathilum chila vaanijya vaangunnavaril janapriyavum). 1985 num 1994 num idayil vangiya 20,000 land roverukalil bhooribhaagavum britiish sainyam eee enchin upayogichu. pisttanukalulla nirmmaana takarar sainika attakuttappanikalum (sambil enna amithamaayi niraykkaanulla pravanatha polullava) enchinukal amithamaayi shwasikkaanum avayude enna kudikkanum kaaranamaayi, ithu pisttan paraajayatthilekku nayichu. vaikiyulla sainika-specification enchinukalkku breather sisttathil oru centrifugal sepparettar undaayirunnu, ithu adhika ennaye sambilekku thirike ozhukaan anuvadikkunnu. eee enchinukalkku 13jeey ennaanu peru nalkiyirikkunnath. koodaathe 11 jeey (ref land rover defender milittari 110 1991 supplementary parts kaattalog). pinneedu, parishkaricha enchinukal prathirodha manthraalayathinte 500 manikkoor kadinamaaya durability trialil vijayikkunna avarude classile aadyathethaanu (cheria sheshi, athivega deesalukal).
land rover thonnootti/oru patthu/127, defender; charakk rover 300, carbodykal efx 4 (austin efx 4 ennum vilikkunnu) ennivayil upayogikkunnu.
2.5 littar petrol enchin (enchin coode 17 manikkoor).
thonnoottinte vikshepana velayil, aii. dii. 1 petrol enchin vikasippikkillenn land rover urappichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, vaangunnayaalude aavasyavum saambathikashaasthravum eee maattathe anivaryamaakki. valia petrol enchin 1985-ll puratthirangi ("project harrier" enna coode naamatthil vikasippicheduthath), athinte mungamiyaaya "aii. dii. 1" pole ithinu deesal enchinumaayi valareyadhikam saamyamundaayirunnu. mikka anubandha bhaagangalum pole block samanamaayirunnu. oru injector pump oodikkenda aavasyamillaathathinaal petrol enchin athinte samaya shringhala nilanirtthi ennathaanu pradhana vyathyasam. silindar head unleaded indhanam upayogikkunnathinu anuyojyamaanu. munbatheppole, enchin sugamavum parishkarichathum land roverinu mathiyaya rooad prakadanam nalkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, indhana vila uyarukayum deesal enchinukal mechappedukayum cheythathode petrol enchinukalude vilppana kuranju, prathyekichu europil. indhanavilayo enchinte laalithyamo athine aakarshakamaaya oru oopshanaakkiya aafrikkayilum mattu mekhalakalilum ithu oru janapriya oopshanaayi thudarnnu. 1994 vare ithu labhyamaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum eee samayamaayappozhekkum oru puthiya thalamurayude shudheekaricha deesal enchinukalude vilppana eathaandu onnumillatheyaayi. eee samayamaayappozhekkum, petrol enchin vahanangal vaangaan prathyeka kaaranangalullavaril maathram vaangunavar parimithappedutthiyirunnu-udaaharanathinu, 1990 kalude madhyathil yukeyile niravadhi police senakal 2.5 petrol defendermaarude kappalukal vaangi, kaaranam deesal enchin vahanangal saadhaarana patrolling kaarukalkkoppam pravartthikkumbol attakuttappanikalum logistic prashnangalum undaakkumaayirunnu, avayellaam petrol indhanamullavayaayirunnu.
ithil upayogikkunnu land rover thonnootti/oru patthu/127, prathirodham
deesal turbo (enchin coode 19 jeey).
valiathum kooduthal shakthavum kooduthal sukhakaravumaaya vahanangal vaagdaanam cheiyunna videsha malsaram kaaranam 1980 kalude thudakkathil land roverinte aagola vilppana thakarnnu. 1970kalil land roverinu mosham nirmmaana nilavaravum vasthukkalum anubhavapettu, 1983 aayappozhekkum, sameepakaala mechappeduthalukal undaayirunnittum annathe nilavile seerees III model vyakthamaayi kaalaharanapettu. land rover athinte thonnootti/oru patthu/127 shreniyude vilppana yukeyilum europilum kendreekarikkaan theerumaanichu, athinu ulppaadanathil undaayirunna 2.5-litre tharathekkaal mikacha prakadanamulla oru deesal enchin aavasyamaanu. eee enchininte turbocharged pathipp vikasippikkunnathinayi 1984laanu project faalkkan aarambhichath. thathfalamaayundaaya enchin land roverinte aadyathe ulppaadana turbodiesilaayirunnu, avayude aadyathe enchinu oru maarkkatting namam nalki-deesal turbo, vm motori-biltt turbodiesiline verthirichariyaan nalkia peru, pinneedu rench roveril upayogichu, athu turbo dii aayi vittu. deesal turbo, adisthaanaparamaayi aidi1 deesalinu samaanamaanengilum, turbocharginginte sammarddangale neridaan anuvadikkunnathinu niravadhi kootticherkalukalum parishkkaranangalum undaayirunnu. uyarnna jwalana thapanilaye neridaan tephlon pooshiya kireedangalum pneumonic steel exhost vaalvukalum ulla puthiya pisttanukal upayogichu. mechappetta sakthikkum thanuppikkunnathinumaayi crankshaft cross drill cheythu. turbochargerilekku oru oayil pheed/draine samvidaanam anuvadikkunnathinaayi block parishkkarichu, ettu blade viscos fanum integral oayil cooler upayogichu cooling sisttam mechappeduthi. enchiniloode vaayuvinte ozhukk kooduthal vardhikkunnathine neridaan enchin uyarnna sheshiyulla breather sisttam gadippichirunnu. roopakalppanayude antharleenamaaya praayam undaayirunnittum, athiraalikalkkethiraaya pareekshanangalil ithu mikacha prakadanam kaazhchavaykkukayum land roverinu varshangalayi aavashyamaaya prakadanatthinteyum sambadvyavasthayudeyum supradhana misritham nalkukayum cheythu. petrol enchinte 4 tonn toying paridhiyumayi poruthappedunna aadyathe deesal modalum yuke deseeya vegatha paridhi kavian kazhiyunna aadya modalum aayirunnu ithu. ennirunnaalum, aadyakaala enchinukalkku niravadhi parajayangal neridendi vannu. ettavum gurutharamaayath parajayappetta pradhana, valia end bairingukalum blokkile pilarppukalum villalukalumaayirunnu. 1988ll oru puthiya block mechappetta bairing, bairing toppiyum gadippichu, ithu eee prasnangal pariharichu. enchinte uyarnna aantharika thaapanila ardhamaakkunnathu thanuppikkal samvidaanavum munbathe enchinukale apekshichu valare uyarnna nilavaaratthil nilanirthendathundu ennaanu. 1989ll eyar filterilekku enna valichedukkunnathu thadayunnathinaayi ithavana breather sisttathil kooduthal mattangal varuthi. eee prashnangalkkidayilum deesal turbo sakthamaaya vilppanakkaaraayirunnu. ithu yuke, europian vipanikalude staanderd enchinaanu, land roverinte vilppana athinte avatharanathinu sesham vardhichu. pala aadyakaala turbodiesilukaleyum pole, attakuttappanikalude abhavam paraajayathinu kaaranamakunna eee enchinukalkku aavashyamullathupole paripaalikkukayaanenkil deerghakaala sevana jeevitam nalkaan kazhiyumennu samayam theliyichittundu.
land rover thonnootti/oru patthu/127, land rover laama prototype ennivayil upayogikkunnu.
200tdi (enchin kodukal 11ell, 12ell, 13ell, 14ell).
1989ll land rover athinte rench rover adhishtitha famili 4x4 enna kandethal aarambhichu, athu vegathil europil ettavum kooduthal vittazhikkappedunna 4x4 aayi maari. athinte vijayathinte pradhana kaaranangalilonn athinte thakarppan turbo-deesal enchinaanu. sisttam konduvarunna oorjjathilum kaaryakshamathayilum attandant mechappeduthalukallu vanthothil uthppaadippikkappedunna, cheria sheshiyulla direct-injection deesalukalil onnaayirunnu 200tdi. jemini" enna rahasyanaamathil vikasippichedutha 200tdi thudakkam muthal ellah land roverinteyum uthppannangalil upayogikkaan padhathiyittirunnu. ulppaadana kaaranangalal, nilavilulla yanthrangalil ithu yanthravalkkarikkendivu, athinaal nilavilulla 2.5-litre deesal enchinukalude athe block crankshaftum upayogichu. pazhaya enchinukalil upayogikkunna niravadhi anubandha bhaagangalum ithu upayogichu. ennirunnaalum, athu bhoothakaalavumaayulla oru yadhaartha edavelayaayirunnu. aluminium aloy silindar head bharavum shabdavum kurachu, oru puthiya boshh injection samvidaanam mechappetta oottam savisheshathakalum mikacha prarambha prakadanavum nalki. oru intercoolar shakthiyum kaaryakshamathayum kooduthal vardhippichu. crank cases vaathakangal vaayuvilekku thirichethunnathinumbu enna neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi breather sisttathil oru inertial sepparettar gadippikkunnathu polulla deesal turboyil ninnu padicha paadangal ulppeduthiyittundu. thudakkathil turbocharged, naturally aspirated deesal pathipum carburator-phed petrol pathipum nirmmikkendathaayirunnu. direct-injection sisttam ardhamaakkunnathu theeppori plugukal gadippikkaan anuvadikkunnathinu injector sokkattukalude yanthram maathrame aavashyamulloo ennaanu. ennirunnaalum, turbodiesil pathippinte prakadanavum sambadvyavasthayum mattu vakabhedangal uthppaadippikkappedaathu tharatthilaayirunnu. 1989-ll kandethiya 200tdi pinneedu yoottility land roveril (defender ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu) gadippichu. eee aaplikkeshanaayi, enchin cheruthaayi verthirichu, kandethalil 200tdi ellah puthiya gadakangalum upayogichappol, defenderile packaging niyanthranangal ardhamaakkunnathu eee rolile 200tdi deesal turboyumaayi niravadhi baahya bhagangal (timing beltt sisttavum kesum polullava) pankittu ennaanu. ettavum vyakthamayum, yadhaartha kandethal pathippile maanifoldukalkku keezhil tuck cheiyunnathinupakaram, deesal turboyude uyarnna mounting sthaanathu defenderile maanifoldukalkku mukalil turbocharger nilanirtthi. 1992ll rench roveril enchin gadippichu. rench roveril ithinu 14ell enchin nambar undu. pazhaya petrolum naturally aspirated deesal yoonittukalum saidhaanthikamaayi ippozhum labhyamaayirunnuvenkilum, 200tdiykku avayil onninekkaalum mikacha prakadanavum sambadghadanayum undaayirunnu, athinaal vilppana kanakkukal aadhipathyam pulartthi. land rover premikal ippozhum ithine valareyadhikam bahumaanikkunnu, sariyaaya attakuttappanikalode upayogathe kavian kazhiyunna shakthavum deerghakaalavumaaya oru unitaayi ithu svayam sthaapichu.
upayogichathu land rover defender, discovery, rench rover
300tdi (enchin kodukal 16ell, 20ell, 21ell, 25ell).
200tdi enchin saankethikavum vilppana vijayamaayirunnuvennathil samshayamillengilum, athinu chila parimithikalum kuravukalum undaayirunnu, athu pariharikkendathundu. niravadhi vyathyaasangal undaayirunnittum, ithu ippozhum adisthaanaparamaayi pazhaya deesal turbo enchinte direct-injection pathippaayirunnu. ithu valare parushavum shudheekarikkappedaathi kanakkaakkappettirunnu, prathyekichu kandethalilum rench rover modalukalilum ithu upayogichu. prathirodhakkaaran anuyojyamaaya reethiyil enchinte oru prathyeka pathipp nirmmikkendivannu, koodaathe durbalamaaya head gaskettile prasnangal kandethukayum cheythu. radio upakaranagalkk oorjjam nalkunnathinu 24 wolt janarettar gadippikkaan kazhiyaathathinal britiish sainyavum (mattu chila sainika vaangunnavarum) 200tdi thiranjedutthirunnilla-pakaram sainyam swaabhaavikamaayi aspirated deesalukalulla vahanangal vaangunnath thudarnnu. varaanirikkunna europian deesal emission regulations (euro aii) ardhamaakkunnathu land rover enganeyengilum enchinil samoolamaaya maattam varuthaan nirbandhithanaakum ennaanu. thathfalamaayundaaya vikasana padhathi (coded romulus) 300tdi enchin nirmmichu. mungamiyude kandethal/rench rover pathippumayi baahyamaayi valare saamyamundengilum 208 mattangal varuthi. block, silindar head, fueval injector sisttam, anubandha samvidaanangal ennivayile parishkkaranangal ithil ulppedunnu. crank shaaft, pisttanukal, connecting vadi enniva 200 tii. dii. aii. yill ganyamaayi maatti. shabdam kuraykkunnathinu enchinu mukalil oru rubber acoostic cover gadippikkukayum pazhaya enchinukalude onniladhikam vii-belttukalkk pakaram anubandhangal oodikkunnathinaayi orotta sarppan belttilekku maattukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu ettavum vyakthamaaya baahya mattangal. puranthallal niyanthranatthil oru exhost gyaas resurculation sisttam gadippikkunnathu ulppedunnu. power, tork aouttputtukal athepadi thudarnnu, land rover shreniyile ellah modalukalumaayum maattangalonnumillathe poruthappedunna tharatthilaanu enchin prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. ithinartham defender enchinukal discovery/rench rover enchinukalude athe tunil gadippichirikkunnu ennaanu. 200tdiyekkaal sugamavum shaanthavumaayirunnu 300tdi, ennaal yadhaartha loka upayogathil ithu athra laabhakaramallenn pothuve kandethi. euro I udvamana niyanthranangal land rover pratheekshichathupole kadinamallennum athinaal euro III niyamangal avatharippikkunnathuvare 300tdik uthppaadanathil thudaraan kazhinjuvennum athu maari. automatic transmissionulla vahanangalil gadippikkumbol, traansmissionile vaidyuthi nashtam nikathunnathinaayi vaidyuthi vardhippichu. eee enchinukalkku (23ell ennu namakaranam cheyyappetta) boshh electronic deesal niyanthrana samvidaanangalundaayirunnu, avide puranthallal kuraykkunnathinaayi mechanical injector systethe drive-bye-vayar electronic throttil niyanthrikkunnu. 1998ll 300tdiykku pakaram 5 silindar tidi5 sthaapichu, ithu 1957 muthal kandethaan kazhiyunna land rover 4 silindar enchinukalude nira avasaanippichu. tidi5 enchin rover grouppinte ell-seerees deesal enchine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu. 300tdi brazeelil uthppaadanathil thudarukayum lokathinte mattu bhaagangalil (yuu. keey/europe ithara) modalukalil oru oopshanaayi vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. 2000-ll foord land rover etteduthathinethudarnnu, brazilian nirmmitha foord pick-upp trekkukalilum enchin upayogichu. lokamembaadumulla vardhichuvarunna niyantritha udvamana niyamangalum vilppana kurayunnathum 2006ll avasaanicha 300tdiyude ulppaadanathilekku nayichu. 2010 vare brazeelile anthaaraashtra enchinukal valareyadhikam parishkaricha oru 2.8-litre pathipp nirmmikkukayum specialist kanverttarukaliloode land roverukalkku maarkkattin sheshamulla fitmentaayi labhyamavukayum cheythu. internaashanal pinneedu emm. dablyu. emm internaashanal motorukalaayi maarukayum 300tdi roopakalppanayude kooduthal update 3 power strock aayi aarambikkukayum cheythu. 300tiyude athe blockineyum adisthaana vaasthuvidyayum adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane power strockinu electronic kooman reyil injection, overhead kaamshafttulla puthiya crossflo silindar head thudangiya pradhana vyathyaasangalund.
land rover defender, discovery, rench rover "classic" ennivayil upayogikkunnu; vividha brazeel-assemblid foord pickup trekkukalum.
tidi5 (enchin kodukal 10pii, 15pii, 16pii).
1990 kalude madhyathode rover group athinte enchin shrenikale yukthisahamakkaanum bhaaviyile kaarban bahirgamana niyamanirmmanam niravettaan kazhiyunna puthiya designukal nirmmikkanum sramikkukayaayirunnu. aduthide puratthirakkiya keey-seerees petrol enchin shreni aaa mekhalayilekku vyapippikkum, ennaal roverinu athinte kaarukalkkum 4x4s-num anuyojyamaaya inn-house deesal enchinukal undaayirunnilla. 300tdi oru kaar renchilum gadippikkaan kazhinjilla, varaanirikkunna euro III emission maanadandangal lamghikkaan pookukayaayirunnu. nilavilulla ell-seerees 2 littar deesal land rover uthppannangalil upayogikkaan anuyojyamallaathathinaal atharamoru unitaayi vikasippikkaan kazhinjilla.
roverinte ellah aavasyangalkkum anuyojyamaaya vividha sheshikalilum tyoon avasthakalilum ulppaadippikkaan kazhiyunna oru puthiya deesal enchin kudumbam roopakalppana cheyyaan theerumaanichu. vikasanathinu project stoom enna rahasyanamam nalkukayum enchinukal nirmmikkenda land roverinu roopakalppanayude utharavaaditham nalkukayum cheythu. ell-seereesine oru aditharayaayi upayogikkunna enchinukalude oru sreniyaanu phalam-booar/strock alavukal onnuthanneyaayirunnu, koodaathe stoom enchin ore pisttanum bandhippikkunna vadi asamblikalum upayogichu. lucassinte electronic yoonit injection (akkaalat eee saankethikavidya cheria sheshiyulla enchinil apoorvamaayirunnu, valia vaanijya vahanangalil maathram upayogichirunnu) oru kaast-irumbu blockil cross-phloo aluminium aloy silindar head kodunkaattu upayogichu. sarvees edavelakal vardhippikkukayaanu designermar lakshyamittirunnath, athinaal enchin parambaraagathavum kendrathyaageekrithavumaaya oayil filterukal ulppeduthi. electronic samvidaanangalil nishkriya vegathayil vishramathil ninnu kanatha lodukal aarambikkaan anuvadikkunna oru 'aanti-staal' samvidaanavum rooad, oof-rooad upayogathinaayi rund prograam cheytha operating modukalum ulppedunnu. overhead kaamshaaft (vaalvukalum yoonit injectorukalum pravarthippikkunnu) oru duplexes cheyin asambliyaanu nayichathu. kodunkaattu roopakalppanayil 4,5,6 silindar enchinukal (yathaakramam 2,5,3 littar) ulppedunnu.
svanthamaayi deesal enchinukal konduvanna bii. emm. dablyu rover group etteduthathode stoom enchin valia thothil anaavashyamaayi. 5 silindar pathipp maathramaan defenderude powerplaantaayi nirmmichathu, puthiya discovery seerees II 1998 ll 'tidi 5' aayi. 300tdiyekkaal kooduthal shakthiyum kooduthal parishkkaranavum vaagdaanam cheytha tidi 5 kandethalinte aakarshanam valareyadhikam mechappeduthi, ennaal muun land rover deesal enchinukalil upayogichirunna mechanical injection samvidaanangale apekshichu vishwasaneeyamallaathathum 'feeldil' nannakkaan kooduthal budhimuttullathumaayi kanakkaakkappettirunna electronic enchin maanejment sisttangal kaaranam defenderinte pala oopparettarmaarkkum aashankayundaakki. eee aashankakale maanichukondu (britiish sainyam unnayichava ulppede) land rover prathyeka oordar vaahanangalkk anuyojyamaaya 300tdi uthppaadanathil sookshichu (mukalil kaanuka). aadyakaala enchinukalkku rund otappetta mechanical parajayangal neridendi vannu-oayil pump drivinte pettennullathum poornnavumaaya parajayam, durbalamaaya nilanirtthal stadukal moolamundaakunna 'silindar head shuffle'. enchin uthppaadanam aarambhich 2 varshathinullil eee rund thakaraarukalum pariharichu, injector harness polulla chila saadhaarana electrical gremlinukal enna malineekaranathinu saadhyathayullavayaanenkilum tidi 5 ippol kurachu vishwasaneeyamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 2002ll euro 3 malineekarana virudha ghattathiletthaan enchin mechappeduthukayum oru iii. jii. aarr valve samvidaanam avatharippikkukayum cheythu. oof-rooad allengil toying saahacharyangalil oru mandagathiyilulla power delivari ulppaadippikkaan saadhyathayulla kuranja vegathayulla throttil prathikaranam mechappeduthunnathinaayi electronics update cheythu.
shathruthaaparamaaya bhoopradeshangalile niravadhi paryaveshanangalil (land roverinte swantham jii 4 chalanchu ulppede) enchin svayam theliyichittundu. enchininte mechanical shakthiyum electronic niyanthrana samvidaanangalum pazhaya enchinukale apekshichu tidi5-neey kooduthal tunable akkunnu. niravadhi vipanikk sheshamulla kambanikal tuning upgradukal nirmmichu. 2004ll tidi5nuu pakaram ejedi-vii6 yoonittum 2007ll defenderil foord isadsdi-424 umm kandethi. solihalil tidi5-nte uthpaadanam aaa varsham nirtthi, ithu avasana land rover roopakalppana cheythathum nirmmichathumaaya enchinaakki.
land rover defender land rover kandethalum.
shantana enchinukal.
1956ll spanish enchiniyaring kambaniyaaya metallurgica dii santa anaasumaayi rover kambani charcha nadatthi.eiii.'speyinil land rover assembly aarambikkuka enna lakshyathode (pinneedu shantana motor ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyappettu). karaarinte nibandhanakal prakaram brittanil ninnu kayattumathi cheytha samboornna noock daun kittukalil ninnu santana thudakkathil land roverukal nirmmikkumenkilum speyinil muzhuvan vaahanangalum aadyam muthal nirmmikkunnathuvare praadeshikamaayi nirmmicha ulladakkam kramena vardhippikkum. spain, thekke america, madhya america, vadakke aphrica ennividangalil saanthaanaykk prathyeka vilppana avakashamundaakum, aavashyamullidathu eee vipanikalil santana, land rover badge cheytha vahanangal vilkkum. 1958ll saanthaanayil uthppaadanam aarambhichu. 1962 muthal swantham vipanikalude aavasyangal niravettunnathinaayi shantana land rover roopakalppana mechappeduthaanum parishkkarikkanum thudangi. kooduthal oorjjam, mikacha sawari soukaryam, mechappetta parishkkaranam ennivayude pothuvaaya aavashyangalaayirunnu iva. eee lakshyathinaayi, land rover enchin designukalude niravadhi savishesha pathippukal shantana nirmmichu. 1977ll petrol, deesal aarr silindar pathippukal, 1982ll 2.25 turbocharged deesal pathippukal enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
1980kalude thudakkathil land rover athinte enchin shreni, prathyekichu deesalukal mechappeduthunnathinulla vazhikal thedumbol, shantana enchinukal parishodhichu. 6 silindar pathipp rench roverinu valare valuthum bharamullathumaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnum turbocharged 5 silindar veriyant pariganichathu ithu oorjjam, bharam, valuppam ennivayude anuyojyamaaya samyojanam nalkunnathinaal. deesal turbo enchininte vikasana vivarangal nalkunnathinaayi 2.25td padichu. avasana ulppaadana kaaranangalal land rover pakaram rover vii8-nte deesal pathippine anukoolichu. aaa enchin ulppaadana shreniyil athaathappol rover deesal enchinukal vm motoriyil ninnu vaangi.
grandhasoochika.
samakaalika rooad testtukalude punarmudranangal prasidheekarichathu
audyogika prasidheekaranangal

