
breaker morantinte court-maarshyal

1902 leeii court-maarshyal oof breaker morant oru yudhakkutta prosecutionaayirunnu, athu aarr officermaaraaya haari "breaker" morant, peettar handcock, jorjju vittan, henry picton, kyapttan alfred tailor, mejar roobert lenanoff dhii bushweld carbiners (bii. vii. sii) ennivare vichaaranayilekku konduvannu, ithu randaam boyer yudhathil gadippicha raifilukalude kramarahithamaya rejimentaayirunnu.
bii. vii. sii sainikanaaya roobert michel cochrain ezhuthukayum jaims kristhiyum mattu 14 amgangalum oppidukayum cheytha "parati kathu" bhaagikamaayi prerippicha kuttangal, lefttanant morant sahaprathikale 20 pere kollan prerippichuvennathaayinnu, parikketta yudhathadavukaaran (poow) floris visar, naalu boyer yudhathadavukaarude (poves) oru samgham, naalu dutch school adhyapakar, boyer sivilian muthirnnavar, kuttikal, revu enna lutheran missionary. danielle hease. morantineyum handcokineyum heesine kolappeduthiya kesil kuttavimuktharaakkiyenkum mattu rund kuttangalkk vadhasiksha vidhikkukayum shiksha vidhichu 18 manikorinullil vadikkukayum cheythu. avarude maranavaarandukalil loard kichanar vyakthiparamayi oppuvachu.
1907ll vittan "saamraajyathinte balipashukkal" prasidheekarichappol vichaaranayudeyum vadhashikshakaludeyum vaarthakal austreliyayil parasyappeduthunnathuvar aayirunnilla athu. onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu thangalude oru sainikan britiish sainyam vichaarana cheyyillennu australian sarkkar pinneedu urappakki.
floris visser pathiyirunnu akramanam nadathukayum pidichedukkukayum maranappedukayum cheiyunnu.
floris jeey. randaam anglo-boyer yudhathil transwall republicinaayi poraadiya lettaaba commandoyile amgavum oru aafrikkakkaaranumaayirunnu visser (-1901 august 11). court maarshyal oof breaker morant" ll vichaarana cheyyappettathayi aaropikkappedunna yudhakkuttangalilonna parikketta oru yudhathadavukaaranaayirikke visarinte samkshiptha vadhasiksha. maranasamayathu visarinu ekadesham irupathu vayassayirunnu praayam.
pidikkuka.
1901 august 6 nuu ratri kyapttan persey frederic hundinte neethrthwathilulla britiish sainyathinte kramarahithamaya unitaaya bushweld kaarbineermaarude patrolling thante boyer commandoyude pathiyirippinide floris visarinu kanankaalinu parikkettu. deuvelsclufile viljon homstedilaanu pathiyirunnu akramanam nadannathu. athe aakramanathil, commandoic feeld cornet barend viljon, addehathinte sahodaran jeey.jeey. viljon, eph.jeey. skill. bushweld carbineermark kyapttan hund sarjant frank eland nashtappettu.
pathiyirunnu nadatthiya aakramanathinu sesham, lettaaba commandoyude sheshippine looyattinte neethrthwathilulla bii. vii. sii patrolling pinthudarnnu. thante suhruthu kyapttan hundinte maranathil roshakulanaaya haari morant. kyapttan hundinte shavasamskaarathin sesham maathramaan fort edwardil ninnu morant athiyathenkilum, vettayude mrithadeham vikruthamaakkiyathaayi kimvadanthikal addehathodu parayappettirunnu.
1901 august 9 nuu raavile, bushweld carbinermaarum praadeshika lobedu janathayil ninnulla yodhaakkalum adangunna oru patrollinginu morant neethrthwam nalki. annu vaikunneram, oru kulatthil lettaaba commandoyude paalayatthil ethiya sesham patrolling akramikkaan thayyaaredutthu. morantinte africanar adjustant, trooper theunis botha pinneedu oormmippichu, "morantinte swantham bheeruthvathinu patrollingile matellaa aalukalum saakshyam vahikkunnathupole muzhuvan party pidikkappedumennu njaan ivide paranjekkaam. eluppathil cheyyaan kazhiyunnathanusarichu aduthekku pookunnathinupakaram, angane corden adaykkunnathinupakaram addeham 2000 yardle vediyuthirkkaan thudangi, kooduthal aduthekku pookilla."
vediyochakal kettu lettaaba commando chitharippoyi. addehathinte sakhaakkal oodippoyappool nadakkaano sawari cheyyaano kazhiyaatha visar avasheshichu. bushweld carbinermar avane oru vaaganinte keezhil kidakkunnath kandethi.
sainikan botha pinneedu oormmippichu, "njaan saadhaaranayaayi ell. tii. morantinte vyaakhyaathaavaayi pravarthichu. visar pidikkapetta vaikunneram njaan aaa padaviyil abhinayichu. lefttanant morantinte abhyarthana prakaram njaan visarinodu engane kyapttan ennu chodichu. vettayaadal kollappettu. nenjil vedivacha nyayamaaya poraattatthilaanu thaan kollappettathenn addeham marupadi nalki. kazhuthu odinjathaayi lefttanant morant paranju. visar athu shakthamayi nishedhichu. eee chodyangal chodikkaan thudangunnathinumbu lefttanant morant paranju, 'ningal sathyam paranjaal ningalude jeevan rakshikkappedum, ningal nuna paranjaal ningalkk vediyelkkum.'thudarnnu addeham boyezhsinte padhathikalekkurichu chodichu. boyermar avide thamasikkaan uddeshikkunnillennu visar marupadi nalki (cheria lettaaba) ennaal njangal beyezhsinte commandoicoppam cherunnathinayi wood bushilek trekking nadathukayaanu."
patrolling viljoen commando pinthudarunnathu thudarnnappol visar koode kondupoyi. sainikan botha thudarnnu, "raavile samanamaaya chodyangal veendum lefttanant morant addehathodu chodichu, addeham sathyasandhamaayi utharam nalkiyaal thante jeevan rakshikkumennu veendum vaagdaanam cheythu. thudarnnulla sambhavangal theliyikkunnathupole visar ellah chodyangalkkum sathyasandhamaayi utharam nalki."
maranam.
bii. vii. sii sainikanaaya edward povalinte abhipraayathil, "pidikoodiya sesham pathinanju mile akaleyulla oru keppu cartle addehathe athichu. njangal akannuninnappol leftanants morant, handcock, picton ennivar oru court-maarshyal nadathumennum aaa visar orupakshe vedivaykkappedumennum njaan kettu. visar ellaayppozhum ente ettavum mikacha vishwaasaprakaaram kaarttilundayirunnu, court-marshyalil hajaraayirunnilla."
trooper bothayude abhipraayathil, "thanikk vediyelkkaan pookukayaanennu [henry] ledboyer visarinodu paranjappol, thante ellah chodyangalkkum utharam nalkiyittundenkil thante jeevan rakshikkumennu vaagdaanam cheythathayi visar lefttanant morantine vyaakhyaathaaviloode ormmippikkunnathu njaan kettu. lefttanant morant paranju, 'ithu veruthe samsaarikkunna kaaryamaan. njangal ningale vedivaykkaan pookunnu, allengil aaa kaaryatthilekku."
oru puthumukha sainikanaaya jaims kristti parayunnathanusarichu, morant patrollinginode oru firing squad roopeekarikkaan utharavittappol, aaa aalukal ethirkkukayum leftanantumaaril oraal "ningal valare moshamaaya kozhimuttiyaanengil njaan thanne avane vedivaykkaam" ennu nilavilichu."
firing squadil thante sthaanam ettedukkunnathinu munbu, trooper botha, visarinekkurichu trooper kristhiyodu paranju, "enikku avane nannayi ariyaam. njaan addehathodoppam schoolil pooyi. enikku athu ishtamalla, pakshe njaan cheythillengil avar enne vedivaykkum."
bii. vii. sii. truperse eiii. ennivaraayirunnu samghathilullathu.jeey. petri, jeey.jeey. gill, wilde, tii.jeey. randuperum. lobedu keppu cartle ninnu visar oru puthappil uyarthukayum irupathu yard akale oru irippidathil firing squadilake puram thallukayum cheiyunnathu truper kristti kandu.
vedivaykkunnathinu munbu lobedu visarinu munbaayi yuddha nritham cheythathayi sainikan powell aaropichu."
oru voolii muzhangukayum visar irikkunna sthaanathu ninnu pinnott veezhukayum cheythu. bii. vii. sii. limittad oru koopp dii grays nalki. haari pictoon.
thudarnnu lefttanant morant truper kristhiye sameepikkukayum paranju, "ithu addehathinu budhimuttulla samayamaanenn enicariyaam, pakshe athu cheyyendathundu, boyezhs kyapttan vettaye engane adikkunnuvennu nokkuka."
trooper kristti parayunnathanusarichu, "kyapttan hund oru sainikante maranathil marichuvennu njaan paranju-addeham oru 'fair goo' yill kollappettu, koodaathe vasthram dharichathinushesham addehathodu oru mosham perumattavum undaayirunnilla; koodaathe kafeerukal addehathe engane vasthram dharippichirikkaam. illa ennu addeham paranju; kyapttan hundinte adivasthravum trouserum keppu cartle ninnu kandethiyittundu. 'pakshe,' njaan paranju, 'kutty avaa dharichirunnilla.'enthaayaalum,' addeham paranju, 'athu cheyyanam. aadyam kashtappedunnathu addehamaayirikkuka ennathu nirbhagyakaramaanu.'addehathe vedivaykkunnathu sariyallennu njaan appozhum karuthiyirunnu. 
ithuvare avane vahichathin sesham. ennaal innuvare njaan nalla suhruthukkalaayirunnathil njaan inii parayaathe ente bii valicherinju.vii.sii.'atharamoru sainikane adichu shapichu. pinne njangal ezhunnettu veettilekku nadannu."
udyogastharude nirddeshaprakaaram, coidos nadiyile blass pererayude kadaykku sameepamulla aazham kuranja shavakudeerathil lobedu visarine adakkam cheythu.
kathu.
1901 october 4 nuu fort edwardile bushweld carbineeyezhs (bii. vii. sii) gaarisanile 15 amgangal oppitta kathu kenal eph.echu. haal, peettezhsbargile britiish armi officer. padinjaaran australiyayile kalgoorliyil ninnulla muun samadhana neethinjanaaya bii. vii. sii sainikanaaya roobert michel cochrain ezhuthiya kathil, kottayile edward gaarsan amgangale aarr "apamanakaramaaya sambhavangal" aaropichirunnu
bii. vii. siyude feeld commander mejar roobert lenahan eee durmanthravaadikale rahasyamaayi sookshikkunnuvennu kathil kuttappedutthi. eee ashayavinimayam ningalodu nerittu abhisambodhana cheyyaanulla swaathanthryam njangal eduthathu ekkaaranathaalaanu."thangalude aropanangal sthireekarikkaan kazhiyunna niravadhi sivilian saakshikale pattikappedutthiya sesham, truper cochrain upasamharichu," sarr, nammalil palarum yudhathiludaneelam poraadiya australiyakkaaraanu, mattullavar ithuvare colonsoyil ninnu poraadiya aafrikkakkaaraanu. eee kuttakrithyangalude kalankam nammude perumaayi cherthu njangalkk veettilekku madangaan kazhiyilla. athinaal, sathyam purathuvarikayum neethi nadappaakkukayum cheiyunnathinaayi saamraajyathva udyogasthar poornnavum samagravumaaya anweshanam nadathanamennu njangal thaazhmayode praarthikkunnu. anweshanam poortthiyaakunnathuvare ellah saakshikaleyum peettezhsbargile campil paarppikkanamennum njangal apekshikkunnu. eee kuttakrithyangalumaayi verpeduthaanaavaathavidham bandhappettirikkenda ethirppine njangal aazhathil apalapikkunnu, oru manushyan maathrame samayam kazhinjukazhinjaal eee corpsil veendum cheraan kazhiyoo. chinthayude credit vishwasichaal njangal anweshikkunna anweshanam ningal nalkum."
arast.
trooper cochrain ezhuthiya kathinu marupadiyaayi, kenal haal 1901 october 21 nuu ellah fort edward offeesarmaareyum noonn-kammeeshand offeesarmaareyum peettezhsbargilekku vilippichu. 1901 october 23 nuu raavile peettezhsbarginu anchu mile akaleyulla kuthirappadayude oru samgham ellaavareyum kandumuttukayum "kuttavaalikaleppole pattanatthilekku konduvarikayum cheythu". marichupoya thante suhruthine vettayaadunnathinte karyangal theerppaakkaan pooyirunna prattoriyayile avadhiyil ninnu madangiyethiya sheshamaan morentine arast cheythath.
kuttaaropithar.
1850num 1914num edayilulla matellaa vichaarana traanscriptukaleyum pole, pinneedu sivil sarvees nashippichuvenkilum, britiish sainyathinte grand juric thulyamaaya oru anweshana kodathi 1901 october 16nuu vilichathayi ariyappedunnu. kodathiyude president kenal echu aayirunnu.emm. cartere kyapttan iii sahayichu. evens mejar wilfred enn. peettezhsbargile provost marshalaaya bolton. 1901 november 6nuu nadanna kodathiyude aadya session naalazhcha neenduninnu. randaazhcha koodi charchakal thudarnnu, aaa samayat kuttapathram iprakaaramaayirikkumennu vyakthamaayi.
yuddha offeesile oru rahasya reportil, kenal jeey. sent. clair ezhuthi
court marshell.
1902 januvari 16nuu lefttanant-kenal echu.sii. aarr jadjimaarude panalinu denny adhyakshatha vahichu. nyoo southu veyilsile tenterfieldil ninnulla australian abhibhashakanaaya mejar jaims francis thomasine lenahane prathirodhikkaan nilanirtthiyirunnu. ennaal thaledivasam ratri aarr prathikaleyum prathinideekarikkaan addeham sammathichu.
times oof lunden" enna kruthiyil prathyakshappetta vichaaranayudeyum ormmakkurippukaludeyum vishadamaaya sangrahathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu thudarnnulla sangraham. jorjju vittan.
visar vichaarana.
1902 januvari 17nuu vichaaranaykk vanna aadyathe kesaayirunnu "visar sambhavam". lefttanant-kenal denny mattu anchu udyogastharum adangunnathaanu kodathi. mejar koplaant jadji abhibhashakanum kyapttan aarr. bains-begg public prosecuteraayirunu. nuna. morant, hancock, pictoon, vittan ennivarkkethire "visser enna parikketta boyer thadavukaarane kolappeduthiyathinu" kuttam chumatthi. avar kuttam sammathikkukayum nyoo southu weils gadippicha raifilukalaaya mejar jaims francis thomas avare prathirodhikkukayum cheythu."
prosecution sarjant ezz. kyapttan persey frederic hund sarjant frank eland kollapetta deuvelsclufile viljon homstedinu nereyundaaya aakramanathekkurichu saakshyappeduthiya robinson.sarjant. pinneedu yudhakkalathilekku madangiyethiyappol kyapttan hundinte mrithadeham neekkam cheythathayi robinson saakshyappeduthi. robinson mrithadehangal menden mission steshanilekku kondupoyi, avide addehathinte party pinneedu liauttukal shakthippeduthi. morant, handcock, picton, vittan.
ezz. jii. tii. pittennu raavile, "avar boyezhsine pinthudarnnu avare marikadannu avarude lagarine pidikoodi, avide parikketta oru boyezhsine kandethi" ennu robinson saakshyappeduthi."pittennu, parikketta boyaraaya visar", kurachu dooram sainyathodoppam pooyi."athaazhasamayathu, kidakkuka. aarr yard akaleyulla oru kaar cartle undaayirunna visar pankedukkaathathaayi thonniya oru sambhashanam morant nadatthi."kallam. dhaarmikanum rahasyaanveshana vidagthanumaaya henry ledboyer visarine sameepichu, "avar khedikkunnu, pakshe antharicha kyapttan hundinte vasthram kaivasham vachathilum khaakki dharichathilum addeham kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethi.sarjant. robinson kooduthal enthaanu paranjathennu kettilla, pakshe duticayi purushanmaarkk sambaadikkaan paranju."sarjant. robinson "nirasichu, aarude utharavilaanu eee manushyane vedivaykkendathennu pictoninode chodichu. oru nischitha theeyathikku peru nalkikkond, aaa theeyathi muthal kaakki dharicha ellah boyarukaleyum vedivaykkaanullathinaal, eee utharavukal adukkala prabhuvil ninnullathaanennum lefttanant picton marupadi nalki. rejimentalaayi poost cheyyaano vaayikkano paadulla atharam utharavukalonnum thaan kandittillenn sakshi paranju."
mejar thomas, ezz. jii. tii. yude cross-examination samayat. kyapttan hundinte shareerathil moshamaayi perumaarunnathinte lakshanangalundennu robinson paranju."koodaathe, visar, pidikoodiyappol", orutharam kaakki jacket dharichirunnu."sarjant. thadavukaare edukkaruthennu thanikk nerittulla utharavukal undennu antharicha kyapttan vetta thannodu paranjathaayi robinson velippeduthi. oru avasarathil, ezz. jii. tii. utharavinethire moonnu thadavukaare konduvannathinu kyapttan hund robinsone "adhikshepikkukayum" cheythu."sarjant. duivelsclufil kyapttan hundinte maranathinu munbu, "dhaarmikatha munbu thadavukaarodu pariganana pulartthiyirunnu", ennaal athinusesham ", visarine vadhicha firing party chumatala thanikkaayirunnuvenn robinson velippeduthi."
prosecutionte adutha sakshi morantinte muun oordariliyum interprettaran aafrikkanarumaaya truper theunis jeey. aayirunnu. iruvarum "muun sakshi sthireekarikkukayum visarinu shiksha nadappaakkiya vedivayppu nadathunnavaril oraalaanenn parayukayum cheythu, avane oru nadiyilekku kondupoyi vedivachu."thaan munbu ore krishiyidathil visarinoppam thaamasichirunnuvennum" "firing partyilonnu roopeekarikkunnathil ethirppundennum sainika botha koottichertthu."
corporal sharp pinneedu nilapad sweekarikkukayum "sthireekarikkunna thelivukal nalkukayum" visarine vedivachathinushesham lefttanant pictoon oru attimari nalkiyathaayi koottichertthu.
vichaaranayude "times oof lunden" vivaranathil ithinekkurichu oru vivaranavumillengilum, marichu. mejar thomasinte cross-eksaamineshanil prathikale vadhikkunna firing squadil undaayirikkaan avasaram labhichathinu pakaramaayi kaalnadayaayi dakshinaafrikka kadakkaan thaan sannadhatha prakadippichathaayi corporal sharp sammathichathayi vittan thante ormmakkurippukalil aaropikkunnu.
kyapttan taylorude intelligence skauttaaya henry ledboyer eee nilapad sweekarikkukayum chodyam cheyyappetta divasam "visarine vedivachukollunnathine apalapicha oru court-maarshyalinte shiksha addeham vivarthanam cheythathayi saakshyappeduthukayum cheythu."ennirunnaalum," "court-maarshyal" "naalu udyogasthar thammilulla charcha mathramaayirunnu ennu leed boyer sammathichu". morant, pictoon, handcock, vittan.
times" anusarichu, thadavukaar thangalkkuvendi thelivukal nalkaan theerumaanichu."
nila nilkkunnu, liftt. vadakkan jilla boyezhs vrithiyaakkaanulla chumatalayilulla senayodoppam" kyapttan hundinte neethrthwathil thaan sevanamanushtichuvennum "athu pathiv garilla yudhamaayirunnuvennum" morant paranju.kallam. thadavukaare vedivaykkaan utharavidunnathil kyapttan hund "pretoriyayil ninnu konduvanna utharavukalanusarichaanu pravarthichathennu morant saakshyappeduthi."kallam. thaan orikkal "30 thadavukaare konduvannu" ennum "avare konduvannathinu kyapttan hund thanne shaasikkukayum veendum angane cheyyaruthennu parayukayum cheythu" ennum morant vishadeekarichu."
nuna. kyapttan vettayaadappettathinusham thaan command ettedukkukayum kooduthal shakthikalumayi pookukayum cheythathayi morant saakshyappeduthi. kyapttan hundinte maranatthinte saahacharyangalum thannodu moshamaayi perumariya reethiyum addeham arinjappol, "kallam parayuka. morant "boyezhsine pinthudarukayum avarude lagerine akramikkukayum cheythu. oru sainikante shirt dharichirunna visar upekshichu kyapttan hundinte trouserukal thalayinayaayi upayogichukondu boyezhs athu neekkam cheythu. eee kaaranathaal addehathe court marshell cheyyukayum vedivaykkukayum cheythu."kallam. kyapttan hundinte utharavukal mattullavarkkellam ariyamaayirunnu" ennu moorant aaropichu."kallam. thaan munbu avare avaganichirunnuvennu morant avarodu paranjirunnuvenkilum kyapttan vettakkaarumaayi boyezhs perumariya reethikk sesham, thaan niyamaanusrithamaayi kanakkakkiya utharavukal addeham paalikkumenn addeham paranju."
kaalangal" ennathil ezhuthiyirikkunna vivaranathil athinekkurichu paraamarshikkunnillenkum, marichu. kodathi president pinneedu nuna chodichathaayi vittan aaropikkunnu. visarinte "court-maarshyal" morantinte "swantham" court-maarshyal pole roopappeduthiyittundu ennum naalu "jadjimar" raajaavinte niyanthranangal paalichittundo ennum dhaarmikatha kaanikkunnu. vittan parayunnathanusarichu, morantinte marupadi ithaayirunnu "ithu inganeyaayirunno? illa; athra sundaramaayirunnilla athu. niyamangaleyum niyanthranangaleyum sambandhichidatholam, njangalkk chuvanna pusthakangalonnum undaayirunnilla, avayekkurichu onnum ariyillaayirunnu. barb vayar keniyil sukhamaayi irikkaathe njangal boyarukalodu pooraadukayaayirunnu; njangal avare pidikoodi 303-aamm niyamaprakaaram vedivachu!"
mejar thomasinte cross-examination keezhil, liauttu. kyapttan hundinte utharavukal spellongane neekkam cheyyaanum thadavukaare edukkaathirikkaanumaanu" ennu morant aaropichu."ennirunnaalum," eee utharavukal thaan orikkalum rekhaamoolam kanditilla ", ennaal" kyapttan hund adukkalakkaaranteyum straatkonayudeyum kuthirayude pravartthanangal mungamikalaayi udharichu "ennu morant sammathichu."kallam. kyapttan vettaye anusarikkaathathinte kaaranam "pidikoodiyavar" nallavar "aayathinaanennu morant vishadeekarichu.kallam. visarinu munbu thaan oru thadavukaareyum vedivachittillennu morant sammathichu."
visarinte "court-maarshyal" nekkurichu chodichappol, nuna parayunnu. sannihitharaayavarellam driksaakshikalaayathinaal "saakshikaleyonnum vilichilla" ennu morant sammathichu. nadapadikramatthinidayil, liauttu. pictoon "visarine vedivechathine ethirthu, thaledivasam ratri thanne vedivaykkanamaayirunnu."thadavukaare edukkaruthennu kyapttan hund aavarthichu thannodu utharavittuvennum aaa utharavukalude saadhuthaye thaan orikkalum chodyam cheythitillennum" morant nirbandhichu.
mejar. thomas pinne nuna chodichu. aaraan utharavukal nalkiyathennu ariamo ennu dhaarmikatha kaanikkukayum ennaal jadji abhibhaashakan chodyathinethire prathishedhikkukayum koodiyaalochanaykk sesham kodathi athu sharivaykkukayum cheythu."
1902 januvari 18nuu vichaarana punaraarambhichappol kodathi chodyam anuvadichu."kallam. thadavukaare edukkaruthennu kenal hubert hamiltonil ninnu antharicha kyapttan pezhsi frederic hundinu utharavukal labhichathayi morant pinneedu aaropichu."kallam. nunaparachilukal ulppede niravadhi perr undennum morant aaropichu. peettar handcokin kyapttan hundle ninnum ithe utharavukal labhichirunnu.
liauttu oordar cheiyunnathil kenal haalinte punk undaayirunnittum. visarinte maranam kazhinju randaazhchaykkullil kenalinu sathyasandhamaya oru report ayachathinaal, "court-maarshyal", visarinte vadhasiksha ennivayekkurichu kenalinu ariyaamaayirunnuvenn morantinte arast, morant aaropichu. samanamaaya oru report kyapttan tailorilum athiyathaayi morant aaropichu. ennirunnaalum, amarthumbol, uranguka. thadavukaare kollan kenal haamilttan utharavittuvenna kyapttan hundinte vaakk maathrame thanikkundaayirunnullanu morant sammathichu.kallam. kenal haalilekk thante report ethikkaan oru shramavum nadathiyittilla" ennum morant sammathichu."
vichaaranayude avasaanathode, kodathi pretoriayilekku neengi, avide kenal haamilttan "vadakkan transwalile thante chumathalakalekkurichu kyapttan hundinode orikkalum samsarichittilla" ennu saakshyappeduthi. njettippoyengilum, mejar thomas thante kakshikal "utharavukalkkanusrithamaayi pravarthichuvennu" vishwasichathinaal avar kuttakkaarallenn vaadichu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, bains-begg avaa "niyamavirudhamaaya utharavukal" aanennu vaadikkukayum "oru saayudhane kollaanulla avakasham avan athirkkunnidatholam kaalam maathrame nilanilkkoo; avan samarppichaaludan avan oru yudhathadavukaaranaayi kanakkakkaan arhanan" ennu parayukayum cheythu."prosecution anukoolamaayaanu kodathi vidhi prasthaavichathu.
morant kolapaathakatthil kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethi. handcock, vittan, picton ennivar narahathyayude cheria kuttatthinu sikshikkappettu.
vichaarana nireekshicha sesham kenal eiii.aarr. pemberton yuddha offeesinu ezhuthi, "njaan aaa nuna pariganikkunnu. morant shariyaayi sikshikkappettu... kodathi ennu vilikkappedunna kodathi oru kodathiyaayirunnilla; athine kooduthal nyaayamaayi 4 udyogasthar thammilulla koodiyaalochana ennu vilikkam, athu oru kakshi keezhudyogasthare kolappeduthaan utharavidunnathilaanu avasaanichathu. munkootty chinthicha duruddeshyathinte sakthamaaya cases oru tribunalinum munnil apoorvvamaayi maathrame prathinidheekarichittulla. mattu 3 thadavukaar narahathyaykk maathram kuttakkaaraanennu kandethiyathinte kaaranagal enthaanennu enikku manassilakunnilla. eee kandethalinodu njaan viyojikkunnu hajarakkiya thelivukalil ninnu visarinte maranathinum kolapaathakatthinum 4 udyogasthar samyukthamaayum vevvere utharavaadikalaanennu njaan karuthunnu. visar britiish unifom dharichirunnuvennu ithu theliyichathaayi njaan karutunnilla."
"ettu bovezhs" cases.
1901 august 23 nuu raavile elemination ashupathriyil morentinteyum handcokinteyum neethrthwathilulla oru partic keezhadangiya naalu aafrikkakkaarum naalu dutch school adhyaapakarum 1902 januvari 31 nuu vichaarana punaraarambhichu.
prosecution kaunsal, kyapttan bains-begg, mejar oasli, kyapttan marshell ennee rund jadjimaare maattunnathin munbu cases aarambhichirunnilla. kesumaayi bandhapetta rekhakal velippeduthunnathu mejar aarr. vighaamum kenal jaims sent. clair mejar wilfred enn. oru abhibhaashakane niyamikkunnathinekkaal chelavu kuranjathaayi kanakkakkappettirunnathil prosecution vendi hajarakan bolton. mapp nalkanamennu bolton vyarthamaayi abhyarthichu, ezhuthi, "ithrayum sankeernamaaya oru vishayathin niyamathekkurichulla ente arivu aparyapthamaanu."athesamayam, oasli, marshell ennivarude sthaanam captanmaaraaya maachavum brounum etteduthu.
muun bii. vii. sii corporal albert vaan derr westerhuysante mozhi, jorjju vittante oormmakkurippukal, transwall vaar museum aarkkaivukal enniva thadavukaare kondupoya sesham aduthulla oru kunnin mukalilekku avare march cheyyukayum avarude swantham koottakkuzhi kuzhichedukkaan nirbandhitharaakukayum cheythathayi velippeduthunnu. thudarnnu, munkootty aasoothranam cheythathupole, henry lebior misttar. kyapttan taylorude staafinu niyogikkappetta rund praadeshika aafrikkan vamshajanaaya schwarts, sotpansberg commando party akramichathaayi thonnippikkaan moonnu vediyuthirthu. ettu thadavukaareyum pinneedu vedivachu avar kuzhicha koottakkuzhimaadatthil samskarichu. dakshinaafrikkan charitrakaaranaaya chaals leachinte abhipraayathil, irakalaaya ettuperil anchu perr maathramaan soutpansburg commandoyile amgangal.
thanikk nere kuthiya oru boverine vedivachu thokku pidikkaan sramichathaayi vittan thante akkoundil aaropichu. athe manushyan oru dutch parishkaricha charchu deakon sii enna soutpansberg commandoyile amgavumaayirunnu ennu mattu srothassukal aaropikkunnu.jeey. smitt.
dakshinaafrikkan charitrakaaranaaya doow. sii.eiii.aarr. schulenberg, "dhaarmikatha, handcock, vittan ennivar ettu boyezhsukalude kolapaathakatthil kuttakkaaraanennu kandethi. kooduthal thadavukaare konduvarendathillennu muthirnna udyogastharil ninnulla utharavukal maathramaan addeham paalikkunnathennathaayirunna morantinte prathirodham.
ettu boyezhs" vaadam kettathinushesham, thadavukaare irumbil iruthi, kanatha kaaval nirvahichu reyil maarggam pretoriayilekku kondupookukayum moonnaamathe pradhana kaundil vichaarana cheyyukayum cheythu.
hayee cases.
valdesiyayile ettu aafrikkan, dutch irakale aathmeeyamaayi upadeshicha lutheran missionary aadaraneeyanaaya danielle heesinte kolapathakavumaayi bandhappettathaan kuttam.
februvari 17 nuu athu thurannu, dhaarmmikathayude utharavanusarichu heesine handcock akramikkukayum vedivaykkukayum cheythuvennu mejar bolton aaropichu. handcokinethire kolapaathakatthinum daarmikathaykkum prerana nalkunnathinum kuttam chumatthi.
three boyezhs cases.
rolph vaan staadaneyum rund aanmakkaleyum vedivaykkaan chila sainikarodum oru corporalinode utharavittathayi morantum handcocumkethire aaropikkapettu. avar kuttakkaaraanennu kandethi.
peettezhsbarginu nereyulla akramanam.
vichaarana nadakkunna samayat, boyer commandokal peettezhsbargil apratheekshitha akramanam nadatthi. morantineyum addehathinte sahaprathikaleyum avarude cellukalil ninnu mochippikkukayum prathirodhatthil pankedukkunnathinaayi aayudangal nalkukayum cheythu. avar nerittulla thee variyil dhairyathode pooraadukayum aakramanakaarikalude paraajayathinu sahayikkukayum cheythathayi reportund. mejar thomas oru "shamaapanam" phayal cheythenkilum, athu prathirodhatthile avarude punk kaaranam avarkk daya nedendathaayirunnu, addehathinte abhyarthana kodathi thallikkalanju.
sainika niyamathile shamaapana thathwam 1832 march 4 nuu vellington prabhuvu purappeduvicha "shaareerika shikshayekkurichulla memmoraandam" ll ninnu kandethunnu
klodinte 'kireedatthinte sainika sakthikal' (1869) anusaricha
uyarnna oordar prathirodham.
samarppikkapetta boyer commandokalude amgangalude samkshiptha vadhasiksha aranoottaandinu sesham neuremberg prathirodham enna peril ariyappettathin keezhil nyaayeekarikkappettuvenna mejar thomas vaadichu athaayath, "thadavukaare edukkaruthu" enna loard kichanarude utharavukal maathram paalichathinaal prathikale criminal allengil dhaarmika utharavaadithathode nirnnayikkaan kazhiyilla.
vichaaranayil thanne, lefttanant kenal hubert haamilttan kyapttan persey frederic vettaykkulla utharavukal nalkunnathine vyakthamaayi nishedhichu; loard robertsinu thannil ninnu oru coode cheytha telegram undayirunnathaayum addeham nishedhichu. ennirunnaalum, thomas appozhum thante kakshikale kuttavimuktharaakkanamenna aavasyappettu, avar utharavukalkkanusrithamaayi pravarthichuvennu avar vishwasichu. prathikarichukondu, thadavukaarkku nere vediyuthirkkaan adukkalakkaaran utharavittirunnenkilum, avaa "niyamavirudhamaaya utharavukal" aanennum prathikalkk avare anusarikkaan avakashamillennum prosecutor vaadichu. jadjimar prosecutionode yojikkukayum prathikal kuttakkaaraanennu kandethukayum cheythu.
peettar voonn hagenbakkinte vichaarana.
1474-ll vishudha roman saamraajyathinte oru adhock tribunal peettar voonn hagenbakkinte vichaarana niyamaparamaayi pravarthikkaanulla kamaandarmaarude baadhyathakalude aadyathe "anthaaraashtra" amgeekaaramaayirunnu. burgundian yudhangalil niyamalamghanathinirayaaya saadhaaranakkaarkkethire nadatthiya athikramangalkk hagenbackine vichaarana cheythu. koottakola yuddha balaalsangavum nadatthaan thante sainyathe anuvadichathinum, "oru kuthirayenna nilayil thanikk thadayenda kadamayundennu karuthappettathinum" vyakthiparamayi vyajasaakshyam paranjathinum, hagenback marupadi nalki, dhaarmikathayeppole, bargandi prabhuvinte utharavukal maathramaan thaan pinthudarnnathennu, chaals dhii boold, aarude bharanathinethire breesack nagaram kalapam nadatthi. ennaal, unnatha utharavu kodathi nirasichu. peettar voonn hagenback yudhakkuttangalil kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethukayum 1474 meyy 4 nuu breesgachilvechu shirachhedam cheyth vadhikkappedukayum cheythu. "command responsibility" enna padam vyakthamaayi upayogikkappettilkittil, peettar voonn hagenbakkinte vichaarana eee thathwathe adisthaanamaakkiyulla aadyathe yudhakkuttangalude prosecutionaayi kaanapedunnu. aduthide, peettar voonn hagenbakkinte vichaarana aadhunika austreliyayil breaker morant, peettar handcock, jorjju vittan, henry picton ennivarude punarvichaarana allengil maranananthara mapp thedunna shramangalkkethire vadikkaan udharikkappettittundu.
leapsig yudhakkuttangalkkulla vichaarana.
ennirunnaalum, onnaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinusesham jarmman yudhakkuttangal nadathiyathaayi aaropikkappedunna leapsig yudhakkutta vichaaranakalil, oru yudhakkuttavaali "utharavukal maathram paalichu" () enna prathibhagam abhibhaashakante avakaashavaadam valare gauravamaayi edukkukayum kuttavimukthanaakkunnathum neriya shikshaykk kaaranamaakukayum cheythu.
dover kaasil" vichaarana.
1917 meyy 26 nuu medittareniyan kadalil britiish ashupatri kappalaya "dover kaasil" torpido cheyyukayum mukkukayum cheytha yuu-bottile kaapittaanlyootnt kaal neuman uyarnna kadalile yudhakkuttangalkku prathiyaanu. ennirunnaalum, saamraajyathva jarmman naavikasenayile thante meludyogastharude utharavanusarichaanu thaan pravarthichathennu theliyikkaan neumanu kazhinju. saamraajyathva jarmman sarkkar sakhyakakshikal ashupatri kappalukal sainika aavasyangalkkaayi upayogichuvennu aaropikkukayum 1917 march 19 nuu yuu-bottukalkku chila vyavasthakalil ashupatri kappalukal mukkan kazhiyumennu prakhyapikkukayum cheythirunnu. mungal niyamaparamaaya pravrithiyaanennu neuman vishwasichirunnuvennum yudhakkuttangalil addeham kuttakkaaranallenn kandethiyathayum kodathi vidhichu.
landavari kaasil" vichaarana.
oberlutenants ludwig dithmar, joonn boult ennivarum uyarnna kadalile yudhakkuttangalkku prathikalaayirunnu. avar antarvaahini sm "yuu-86" leeii rund offeesarmaaraayirunnu, avar canaden ashupatri kappalaya "landwari kaasil" torpido cheyyukayum mukkukayum cheyyuka mathramalla, life bottukalil rakshappettavare mesheen gann cheyyukayum cheythu. 1918 juun 27nuu ireland theerathu nadanna mungal onnaam lokamahaayudhathile ettavum marakamaaya canaden samudra duranthamaayirunnu. mungimarikkunnathilum thudarnnu rakshappettavarude mesheen ganningilum yuu-86-nte kroo life bottukale idichidunnathilum 234 doctormar, nazhsumaar, canadian armi medical corpsile amgangal, canadian sainikar, naavikar ennivar marichu. oru life kraafttil undaayirunna 24 perr maathramaan rakshappettath.
yudhaanantharam, "yuu-86" ll ninnulla moonnu udyogasthar, kaapittaanlootnant helmut brummer-paatsig, oberlootnants ludwig dithmar, joonn boult ennivarkkethire uyarnna kadalil oru yudhakkuttam chumatthi. 1921 juulai 21 nuu, leapsig yudhakkuttangalude vicharanayilonnil dithmer bold kuttakkaaraanennu kandethukayum iruvarkkum naalu varsham thadavu shiksha vidhikkukayum cheythu. avar utharavukal palikkuka maathramaan cheythathennum avarude commanding officer maathramaan utharavaadiyennum paranju dithmaarinteyum boltinteyum shiksha pinneedu raddaki. ennirunnaalum, paatsig annathe oru swatantra nagaramaya dansigilekku palayanam cheyyukayum athinte falamaayi orikkalum vichaarana cheyyappedathirikkukayum cheythu. germmanic purathu, vichaarana cheyyappetta kesukalude ennavum kodathiyude dayayum kaaranam vichaaranakal neethiyude parihaasamaayi kaanapettu. american charitrakaaranaaya alfred dii sayaasinte abhipraayathil, "pothuve paranjaal, jarmman janatha eee vichaaranaye ozhivaakki, prathyekichu sakhyakakshikal samanamaaya reethiyil swantham sainikare niyamathinu munnil konduvarunnilla ennathinaal."(vijayiyude neethi kaanuka.)
ottomaan sainika tribunalukal.
kaisarinte jarmmani cheythathinekkaal valare chittayullathum heenavumaaya turkish yudhakkuttangal, automan yudhakkuttavaalikale vichaarana cheyyaanulla sramam paarees samaadhaanasammelanam (1919) ettedukkukayum aathyanthikamayi automan saamraajyavumaayulla sever udambadiyile (1920) ulppeduthukayum cheythu.
yudhathinushesham, britiish sainikarkkethiraaya kuttangalkk 141 tarkkukaare vichaarana cheyyanamennum armeniyan vamshahathyayil pankedutthathinu 17 pere vichaarana cheyyanamennum britiish videshakaarya oafees aavasyappettu.
1919num 1920num idayil turkish kammitti oof union aandu proogras sthaapicha yudhakkuttavaalikalude prarambha vichaarana, bharanaghadanaye attimarichathinum yuddha laabhamundakkiyathinum pontic greekkukalkkum armeniyakkaarkkumethiraaya vamshahathya ennu ippol vilikkappedunnathinu niravadhi muun nethaakkaleyum udyogasthareyum kuttappedutthi. athesamayam, turkish court maarshyal eee prakriya vendathra kaikaaryam cheiyunnuvennu avar samshayichathinaal britiish videshakaarya oafees turkish yudhakkuttangalekkuri svanthamaayi anweshanam nadatthi.
1919 epril muthal 1920 march vare ekadesham oru varshatholam kodathi irunnu, ennirunnaalum eathaanum maasangalkk sesham tribunal prameyangaliloode kadannupokukayaanennu vyakthamaayi. jadjimaarude aadya koottam prathikale (enver pasha, talat pasha muthalaayava) jadjimar apalapichirunnu.) avar raajyathin purathaayirunnappol maathram, ennaal ippol, mattu turkish jeevanukal varaanthayilaayathinaal, oru mikacha prakadanam nadathiyittum, yadhaarthathil aareyum kuttakkaaranaanennu kandethanulla uddeshyam tribunalinu undaayirunnilla. admiral sarr somerset goff-calthorp gambheeramaaya thuramukhathu prathishedhichu, vichaaranakal thurkkiyude kaikalil ninnu eduthukalayukayum maltayilekkulla nadapadikal neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu. avide oru anthaaraashtra tribunal sthaapikkaan shramichu, ennaal thurkkikal manahpoorvvam anweshanangal paraajayappedutthukayum avarude pravarthanangalil onnum kodathiyil upayogikkaan kazhiyaathavidham thelivukal thettayi kaikaaryam cheyyukayum cheythu.
athesamayam, ankaarayile turkey republican sarkkar prathikalaaya yudhakkuttavaalikale prosecute cheyyaanulla eathoru shramatheyum karsanamaayi ethirthu. maltayile thadavukaarekkurichu mustafa kemal athathurk paranju "...thadavukaaril aareyengilum ithinakam konduvarikayo sthiramaayi aalukalilekku konduvarikayo cheythaal, neechamaaya constantinoppil gavanmentinte utharavanusarichu polum, njangalude kastadiyilulla ellah britiish thadavukaareyum vadhikkunnath njangal gauravamaayi pariganikkum."1921 februvariyode sainika kodathi thadavukaare vichaaranayillathe mochippikkaan thudangi.
automan vichaaranakalodulla prathikaranam.
armeniyan charitrakaaranaaya vaahakn enn. prosecutionile sakhyakakshikalude sramangal "rashtreeya anuranjanathinu vazhiyorukkiya prathikara neethiyude" udaaharanamaanennu dadrian abhiprayappettu.
yudhaananthara automan sainika tribunalukalonnum maltacomil nadannillennu peettar balakian paraamarshichu, "vichaaranakal yudhakkutta tribunalukalude charithratthile oru naazhikakkalline prathinidheekarikkunnu."rashtreeya sammarddangalaal avaa oduvil vettimaattappedukayum oru anthaaraashtra tribunalinekkaal turkeyude aabhyanthara niyamangalal nirddeshikkappedukayum cheythenkilum, 1919-20-nte turkish court-marshell randaam lokamahaayudhathinusheshamal neuremberg vichaaranayude mungamiyaayirunnu.
casserta us milittari tribunal.
1945 october 8 nuu, randaam lokamahaayudham avasaanichathinusesham yudhakkuttangalkku vichaarana cheyyappedunna aadyathe jarmman udyogasthanaayi vermact general aantan dostlar maari. italiyile casserta casserta kottaarathinullil oru american sainika tribunalinu munbilaanu vichaarana nadannathu. 1944 maarchil pidikoodiya 15 american paavukale morantineyum addehathinte saha-prathikalaaya generalineyum pole churukkatthil vadhikkan utharavittathayi general dostlarkkethire aaropikkapettu. kuthirakale vedivaykkaan utharavittathayi dostlar sammathichuvenkilum utharavukal paalichathinaal thanne criminal utharavaadiyaayi kanakkakkaan kazhiyillennu paranju.
feeld marshell albert kesalringinte nerittulla utharavinum jarmman sainyam pidikoodiya ellah sakhyakakshikalkkum vadhasiksha nalkanamennu aavasyappetta adolph hitlarude commando oordarinum anusarichaanu 15 american yudhathadavukaare kolappeduthiyathennu general dostlarinu theliyikkaan kazhinju. ennirunnaalum, morantinte court-maarshyalile jadjimaareppole, american jadjimaarum unnatha utharavukal nirasikkukayum prathirodham kandethukayum cheythu. yudhakkuttangalkku kuttakkaranaaya dostlar. 1945 desember 1nuu avarsayilvechu firing squad addehathe vadhashikshaykk vidhikkukayum vadikkukayum cheythu.
neuremberg vichaarana.
1945 novemberil aarambhicha naasi nethaakkalude neuremberg vichaaranayude mungamiyaayi dostlar cases maari, athaayath, unnatha utharavukalude thelivu yuddha niyamangalum aachaarangalum lamghikkunna aajnjakal anusarikkunnathin niyamaparamo dhaarmikamo aaya utharavaadithathil ninnu oru prathiye ozhivaakkunnilla. eee thathwam neuremberg thathwangalude thathwathil krodeekarichathaanu, samana thathwangal saarvathrika manushyavakaasha prakhyaapanatthinte vibhagangalil kaanapedunnu.
sikshayum sikshayum.
vidhikk 18 manikorinullil februvari 27 nuu raavile morantinum handcokinum vadhasiksha vidhikkukayum firing squad vadikkukayum cheythu. vittaninum vadhasiksha vidhichirunnuvenkilum ithu kichanar jeevaparyanthamaayi kurachu (1904 august 11 nuu britiish house oof koomans addehathe mochippikkukayum 1942 ll marikkukayum cheythu). pictoninu cashier nalkukayum lenehane shaasikkukayum discharge cheyyukayum cheythu. britiish intelligence officer kyapttan tailorinethiraaya ellah kuttangalum (maranam 1941) thallappettu.
anantharafalangal.
1902 maarchil rund oostreliyakkaarude vadashikshayekkurichulla vaarthakal prasidheekarikkukayum australian sarkkar kesinte vishadaamshangal abhyarthikkukayum cheythu.
1907ll vittan oostreliyayilekku madangiyethukayum "saamraajyathinte balipashukkal" enna thante katha prasidheekarikkukayum cheythathode australian samvaadam punarujjeevippikkappedu. onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu thangalude sainikare aarum britiish sainyam vichaarana cheyyillennu australian sarkkar urappichu.
avarude sellil oru rekhaamoolamulla kuttasammatham avasheshippichittum, morantum handcock aadhunika austreliyayil naadodi naayakanmaraayi mariyirikkunnu.
dakshinaafrikkan charitrakaaranaaya chaals leachinte abhipraayathil, "pala dakshinaafrikkakkaarum abhipraayathil, prathyekichu erakalude pingaamikaludeyum vidoora vadakkan transwall ulppetta mattu vyakthikaludeyum abhipraayathil, vicharana athinte falamaayundaakunna shikshaavidhikalum bhaagikamaayi maathrame neethi kaivarikkaan kazhinjulloo. kuprasidhanaaya kyapttan tayloraanu ettavum vyakthamennu ellah kuttakkareyum kaikaaryam cheythitillenna vikaaram ippozhum nilanilkkunnu."
floris visar.
thante sakhaakkale apakadatthilaakkunna vivarangal floris visar velippeduthiyirunnuve, maranananthara bahumathiyayi soutpansburg commandoyude roll oof oonaril addehathinte peru cherkkapettu. ennirunnaalum, randaam anglo-bower yudhathil kollapetta ellah praadeshika aafrikkan pouranmaarudeyum perukal pattikappedutthunna deuvelsclufile heros ekkar smaarakathil visserinte peru kaanapedunnilla. ennirunnaalum, fort edwardile sivilian maranangalude smaarakathilum blass pererayude storile smaarakathilum viljon kudumba vasathiyile smaarakathilum addehathe chertthittundu.
dakshinaafrikkan sarkkarum pradeshavaasikalum addehathinte shavakudeeram kandethaanum adayaalappeduthaanum oru noottaandilere parishramichenkilum, visarinte shavakudeeram evideyaanennu ippozhum duroohamaayi thudarunnu.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
avarude court-marsial maranavum pusthakangalude vishayamaayirunnu, kennathu jii. yude oru steju naadakam. rooss, samvidaayakan broose beresfordinte oru australian puthiya taranga chalachithram.
1980ll purathirangiya beresfordinte chithram morantinte jeevithakatha lokamembaadumulla prekshakarkku munnil konduvarikayum "prathikalaaya udyogastharude chithrangal australian aikkanukaludeyum rakthasaakshikaludeyum thalatthilekku uyarthukayum cheythu."pala oostreliyakkaarum ippol ell. tii. esine bahumaanikkunnu. neethinishtanum kaithandayum balipashukkalaayo judicial kolapaathakatthinte irakalaayo polum. avarkk maranananthara mapp allengil oru puthiya vichaarana polum nedaanulla sramangal vyapakamaaya pothu pinthunayumaayi thudarunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee shramathe ethirkkunna dakshinaafrikkakkaar, peettar voonn hagenbakkinte vichaarana, nepolian yudhangalil skotlandile penkuikkinu sameepamulla glencourse baarakkukalil franch paav chaals kottiyare kolappeduthiyathinu 1813 ll ensign hyuu maiks well prosecution, vietnaam yudhathil mye laay koottakkolaykk utharavaadikalaaya sainikarude yunaittad stetts sainyathinte court marshell enniva mungamikalaayi udharichittundu. mejar jaims thomasinte superior oordar defense aargyumentum neuremberg vichaaranayile naasi yudhakkuttangalkku vichaarana cheyyappettavaril palarum kuprasidhamaayi upayogichirunnathinaal athine ippol neuremberg defense ennu vilikkunnu enna vasthuthayum oru vaadamaayi udharikkappettittundu. 
1999 leeii oru abhimukhathil, court-maarshyal nadapadikalude award nediya chalachithra parivarthanathekkurichu bruses beresford paranju, "loss enchals timesil njaan ithinekkurichu aduthide oru lekhanam vaayichu, ithu britishukaar vazhi sanjaricha eee aalukalude kathayaanennu ezhuthukaaran paranju. ennaal athu athra kaaryamalla. oru nimisham polum thangal kuttakkaarallenn nadichu sinima munnott vannilla. avar kuttakkaaraanennu avar paranju. ennaal eee saahacharyathil purushanmaar avarude jeevithathil munbu orikkalum perumaaraatthathupole perumaarunnath enthukondaanennu athu vishakalanam cheythu ennathaanu athil rasakaramaaya kaaryam. yudhasamayathu aalukalude mail chumathunna sammarddangalaanu. yougoslaviayile athikramangal nokkoo. valare saadhaaranakkaaraayi thonnunna aalukal eee rajyangalil cheiyunna ellah kaaryangalum nokkuka. athaayirunnu enikku parisodhikkaan thalpparyam. britishukaar kettichamacha pavapetta oostreliyakkaarekkuriyachuri chithramaanithennu aalukal ennodu parayumbol njaan eppozhum athbhuthappedunnu."

