cambray

munbu cambray charitraparamaayi engleeshil cameric allengil camericilum ulla cambray (,;;), nord departmentilum fraansile houts-dii-france mekhalayilum praadeshikamaayi escout nadhi ennariyappedunna skiild nadiyile oru nagaramaan.
departmentinte oru upavibhagamaaya cambray 2018 ll 32,501 nivaasikalulla oru pattanamaan. 46,772 nivaasikalulla kaambraayiyude nagara yoonittinte hridayabhaagathaanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu. 2018ll 94,576 nivaasikal ulppetta kooduthal vipulamaaya eee pravarthanameghalayil lilly muun nord-paas dii callays khanana thadatthile pattanangalum ulppedunnu, ithu 38 lakshathiladhikam nivaasikalulla pradeshatthinte bhagamaanu.
roman saamraajyathinte avasaanathode, bawake pakaram cambray nervi raajyathinte "thalasthaanam" aayi maari. merovingian kaalaghattatthinte thudakkathil, cambray oru valia athiroopathayude aasthaanamaayi maari, ithu skeeldinte valath theeram muzhuvan ulkkollunnu, oru cheria sabhaa principaalittiyude kendramaayi maari, ekadesham thaazhnna raajyangalude madhyabhagam ulppede braabandinte shayarumaayi poruthappedunnu. bishopershippin parimithamaaya mathethara adhikaaramundaayirunnu, 1678-ll fraansumaayi kootticherkkunnathuvar vishudha roman saamraajyathe aashrayichirunnu. "kaambraayiyude swan" ennu vilipperulla fenalon aayirunnu aarch bishappumaril ettavum prashasthan.
ithinu chuttumulla phalabhooyishtamaaya bhoomiyum thunithara vyavasaayavum madhyakaalakhattathil ithinu samriddhi nalkiyengilum aadhunika kaalath ayalrajyangalaaya nord-paas-dii-kalaisinekkaal kuranja vyavasaayavalkkaranamaan ivideyullathu.
1815 muthal 1818 vare britiish adhinivesha sainyathinte aasthaanamaaya vellingtoninte duke aayirunnu cambray. onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmman sainyam kaivashappedutthiya kaambraayinte aadya yudhathil britiish peeranki akramanangalil ninnu cambrike bhagika nasham sambhavichu, aduthulla borlon maram ulppede. cambray yuddham ennariyappedunna cambraic chuttumulla poraattam (20 november 1917-3 desember 1917) yudhathil taankukalude aadya bahujana upayogamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. nooru divasathe aakramanathinte bhaagamaayi 1918 october 8 num 10 num idayil randaamathe cambray yuddham nadannu. randaam lokamahaayudhathe thudarnnu punarnirmmanangalum athivegam vikasichukondirunna sambadvyavasthayum janasamkhyayum undaayi, pinthudarnnilla enna prathisandhi pettennu thirichupoyi.
innu cambray oru sajeevamaaya nagaramaan, munkaala naashanashtangalkkidayilum sambannamaaya smaaraka paithrikam nilanirthunnu. cambraisisinte nagara kendramaayi cambray sthireekarikkappedunnu. pradhana praadeshika haiveyilum nadiyilum athinte sthaanam athinte saambathika jeevithathe shakthippeduthunnu.
bhoomishaasthram.
sthalam.
nord departmentinte thekkan bhagathaanu cambray pattanam sthithicheyyunnathu, athil ithu arontismentinte shef-liu aanu. eathaanum pathinaayirakkanakkin kilometerukal verthirikkappettirikku pradeshathe nagarangalude idathoornna shringalayil pedunna eee nagaram duvaay akaleyaan, valencienness, araz, seyint-kventtin ennivayellaam kakka parakkunnathupole alakkunnu. praadeshika thalasthaanamaaya lillie cambraayil ninnaan.
cambray niravadhi europian thalasthaanangalil ninnu valare akaleyalla brassels akaleyaan, paarees akaleyaan, lunden akaleyaan.
praadeshikamaayi escout ennariyappedunna skiild nadiyude valathu theerathaanu eee nagaram janikkukayum vikasikkukayum cheythath. nadiyude uravidam kurachu akaleyulla aisne vakuppilaan.
bhoomishaasthravum bhooprakrithiyum.
paarees thadatthinte vadakkan athirthiyaaya creatasius kaalaghattatthile chokku aditharayil, kizhakk, thiyaaraacheykkum avesnoyisinumulla kunnukal, artoisinte thaazhvarakal, vadakkupadinjaaru kunnukal ennivaykkidayilaanu cambray sthithi cheiyunnathu. cambray threashold" allengil "bapoom threashold" ennu vilikkappedunna eee rund pradeshangalekkaal thaarathamyena thaazheyulla oru ghattathilaanu ithu, ithu thekkum vadakkum thammilulla kadannupokal sugamamakkunnu bapoom (artois) samudranirappinu mukalilaanu, avesness-surr-help (avesnois) cambrayiyil maathramaan. seyin nadeethadatthinum nord departmentinte samathalangalkumidayilulla eee paathayellam seyin nadeethadatthinum nord departmentinte samathalangalkkum edayilulla seyin-kventtin kanal, kanal duu nord, eiii1, eiii2, eiii26 oottarauttukal enniva kadamedukkunnu.
pala madhyakala nagarangalileyum pole, nagarathinu keezhilulla nilavarakal, thurankangal, kwaarikal ennivayude oru shringhala kuzhikkaan chokki sabsoyil anuvadichu. cambray chokkinte mosham gunanilavaaram chunnaambu allengil poorippikkal, athupole saadhaarana nirmmanangal ennivaykkaayi neekkivachirunnu. prashasthamaaya kettidangalkkayi, aduthulla gramangalaaya noelles-surr-escout, rumilli allengil marcoing ennivayil ninnulla kallukal upayogichirunnu.
nagaratthinte padinjaaran bhaagathum vadakkum thekkum skiild thaazhvarayude mettal mekhalakalumaayaan athirthi pankidunnathu.
hydrography.
skeldinte valath theerathaanu cambray nirmmichirikkunnathu. cambraayil ippozhum valare mithamaaya ozhukkulla eee nadhi, purathana kaalam muthal manushyarudeyum charakkukaludeyum gathagatham anuvadikkunnathu ulppede onniladhikam pravartthanangal nalkikkond nagaratthinte charithratthil nirnaayaka punk vahichu. ennirunnaalum, ithu avikasithavum niravadhi chathuppukal kadannathumaayirunnu. 1734ll aansinil kalkari kandethiyathodeyanu 1780ll cambrai muthal vadakkan kadal vare eee skelled vipuleekarikkukayum navigable aayi prakhyapikkukayum cheythath. innu kaambraayiyude thaazhekkulla kanal dii escout aanu skelled.
koodaathe, aaram noottaand muthal, idathu karayile thurnaay bishappukalum valathu karayile cambrai thammilulla athirthiyaayi eee nadhi thudakkathil pravarthichu. 843ll chaalmeyninte saamraajyathinte vibhajanam nadannappol, lotheyar onnaaman, chaals dhaa balled ennee raajyangalude athirthi nilanirthukayum 1677 vare cambrai vishudha roman saamraajyathinte nagaramakki maattukayum cheythu.
tanning, milling, uppu, sopp ennivayude nirmmaanam, athupole thanne linan ritting thudangi niravadhi saambathika pravarthanangalkkum eee skiild anivaryamaayirunnu, ithu nagaratthinte pradhana pravarthanangalilonnaanu.
oduvil, madhyakaalakhattathil eee nadhiyum pinneedu vellapokka prathirodha mekhalakal sthaapich nagaratthinte prathirodhatthinaayi vaubaan upayogichu.
nagaratthinte charithratthil pradhana punk vahichittum, innathe nagara bhooprakrithiyumaayi eee padhathi valare kurache samyojippichittulloo.
kaalavastha.
eee pradeshathe kaalaavasthayil uyarchayum thaazhchayum thammil neriya vyathyaasamund, varsham muzhuvanum mathiyaya mazha labhikkunnu. eee kaalaavasthayude copen kalavastha vargeekarana upavibhagam "(maraine vestt koost klaimat/oshyaanik klaimat) aanu. ennirunnaalum, nagaram ettavum aduthulla theerathu ninnaan.
vasanthakaalathum sharathkaalathum ettavum uyarnna mazha labhikkuna varsham muzhuvanum februvariyaanu ettavum varanda maasam. eee pradeshathe mazhayude prathichaayayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, motham vaarshika mazha thaarathamyena cheruthaanu, cambray-epinoyil; athe uyarathilulla montsuris paarees steshanu samaanamaayi, ithu tolousinekkaal kuravo nallatho aanu. ennirunnaalum, mazhayude divasangalude ennam (naisil 63 umm cambraayil 120 umm) kaalaavasthayude samudra swabhaavathe sthireekarikkunnu.
shaithyakaalathinum venalkkaalathinum edayilulla sharashari taapa vyaapthi 15 digri selshyasil kaviyaruth. paareesumaayi veendum thaarathamyam cheyyaamenkilum, ellah samyuktha seasonukalilum cambrai 1.5 muthal 2 digri selshyas vare thanuppaanu. prathivarsham sharashari 71 divasam moodalmanjum (paarees-montsurisinu 13 divasam) 15 divasam kodunkaattum (paarees-montsurisinu 19 divasam) 20 divasam manjum (paarees-montsurisinu 15 divasam) undu.
cambrayiyudeyum dankirkk allengil boulogne polulla pattanangaludeyum daatta thaarathamyam cheythaal, cambraayil thanuppulla kuranja thapanilayum chooderiya paramavadhi thapanilayum undu, vyathyasam ekadesham 2 digri selshyas athupole thanne kooduthal freesing divasangalum kuranja kanatha mazhayum undu chila bhookhanda swaadheenangalulla oru "parivartthana" samudra kaalaavasthaye ithu vivarikkunnu.
2003 august 6 nuu sthaapithamaaya kaambraayiyile thaapanila record (1954 muthal shekharicha daattayum 2013 septambar 5 lake update cheytha record).
ombrothermic diagram
aashayavinimayathinteyum gathaagathathinteyum vazhikal.
rooad.
1973ll thuranna comblesil ninnu (paareesil ninnu varunna varunna junction) franco-beljian athirthiyilekkulla eiii2,1992ll thuranna kalaisil ninnu troisilekkulla eiii26 ennee rund franch oottaroottukalude koottan paathayilaanu cambray sthithicheyyunnathu. eee oottaroottukal bhaagikamaayi aamstardaam muthal paarees vare brassels vazhi europian rodukalumaayi lille reams vazhi aantverppil ninnu byoon vare vare layipikkunnu.
cambraic athinte pradeshathinum naalu oottarauttu interchenchukal undu paareesil ninnulla eksitt 14 (cambray), brasselsil ninnulla eksitt 15 (boucheyn), eiii 26 ll kaaleyil ninnulla eksitt 8 (maarkviyon), reamsil ninnulla 9 (masniyarukal).
bapoom muthal kwivrain (franco-beljian athirthi) vareyulla deseeya paatha 30, seyint-raffin (metts) muthal kalais vareyulla deseeya paatha 43, cambray muthal vitriyilekkulla (2006 muthal eee avasana moonnu tharamthaazhthukayum thalphalamaayi thalphalamaayi ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu), kaambraayiyude kaambraayiyude (muun) muthal araz vareyulla vazhikalude koottan paathayilaanu cambray sthithicheyyunnathu.
eiii2, eiii26 oottaroottukalil ninnu cambressisinte kizhakode praveshanam sugamamakkunnathinum, nagaram kadakkunna gathagatham laghookarikkunnathinum bhaaviyile neargneys bisinus sonil sevanam nalkunnathinum, oru thekkan bipass 1999 epril 22 nuu public yoottility (dpu) prakhyaapanatthinte vishayamaayirunnu. cambressisinte eaka pothu prakrithidatha harita idamaaya inn provilile nagara paaristhithika paarkkiloode kadannupokunnathinaal athinte root aavarthichu parishkkarikkukayum velluvilikkukayum cheythittundu. 2010 septambar 17 muthal baipas sevanathilaanu.
2011 oode aarambhikkenda pradhana vakupputhala padhathikalude bhagamaanu vadakkottulla oru baipas.
railway.
cambray railway steshan lillie, duvaay, valencienness, seyint-kventtin, reims ennivayumaayi nerittulla trainukal (terr) vazhi bandhippichirikkunnu.
1993ll single track vaidyutheekaranathinu sesham, duvaay vazhi tii. jii. vii vazhi paareesumaayi kaambraayiyilekk cherunnathinu vendi duvayiyilekkum lilliyilekkum ulla link mechappettu, athu pinneedu raddaki. aazhchaadinangalil nerittulla kanakshanukal prathidinam pathinanju trainukalaanu, dauvaaykkum cambraik idayil ekadesham 30 minitt yaatra samayamundu; ettu trainukal, palappozhum oru manikkooril thaazhe yaatra samayamulla lillie-flandress steshanilekku; sharashari 40 minittil kooduthal samayamulla patthu trainukal valensiansilekkum oru dussen trainukal, ekadesham 50 minitt yaatra samayamulla seyint-kventinilekkum.
eathoru europian nagaravumaayum cambray nerittu reyil maarggam bandhippichittundel ayal nagarangalumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol paareesilekkulla (gaare duu nord) linkukal saadhaaranamaanu. valencians, duvaay, araz enniva paareesumaayi divasathil niravadhi thavana tii. jii. vii vazhi bandhippichirikkunnu. rund manikkooril thaazhe yatra samayamulla terr allengil intersittes trainukal vazhi seyint-kventin bandhippichirikkunnu. professional upayogathinaayi alppam anuyojyamaaya shedyoolode rund manikkoor dairkhyamulla orotta nerittulla intersittes sevanathiloode 2010 ll cambray paareesumaayi bandhippikkappettu. duvaay allengil seyint-kventin vazhiyulla mattu trainukalude samayam rando naalo onnara manikkoor vareyaanu.
railway charithram.
1833-ll thanne munisippal kaunsil cambray vazhi oru railway line kadannupokaan shramichu. ennirunnaalum, araasiloodeyum duvaayiyiloodeyum lilleyilekkum oru shaakhayulla valencyennasilekkulla oru paatha 1845-ll munganana nalkappettu. athinaal, cambrai eee paathayumayi bandhippikkaan athu thudarnnu, ithu 1878-ll cambraic duvaik idayil orotta, valanja line vazhi cheythu. athesamayam, 1858-ll, basni yill ninnu oru branch line vazhi paarees-brassels lainumaayi cambrai bandhippikkukayum dauvaaykku sameepam somainil cherukayum cheythu.
praadeshika thaalpparyamulla mattu railway lineukal pathonpathaam noottaandil vikasanam kandu, prathyekichu 1880 ll cambray, kaudri, seyint-kventin, leeii kattiyo, denine ennivaykkidayilulla cambressisile moonnu roottukal pravarthippicha sosaitti dess chemin dii ferr duu cambressis. ippol oof line aaya cambrai muthal maarkviyon vareyulla kaarshika upayogavum 1898 ll aarambhichu.
markvian boislux-ooo-montineyum bandhippikkunna oru staanderd gej secondary roottinte terminus koodiyaayirunnu cambray railway steshan.
railway padhathikal.
praadeshika gathagatha padhathi kaambraayiyumaayi bandhapetta moonnu achuthandukalo padhathikaloo uyarthunnu duvaay-cambray kanakshanukal mechappeduthuka, cambraik maarkviyon-araasinum idayil oru puthiya railway laininte nirmmaanam, large gej saine-north europe kanal padhathiyumaayi samyojippichu, maarkviyoninte oru bisinus soonn sthaapikkuka, athupole "oorkkikalil ninnu kaambraayiyilekk oru link thirayuka".
jalapathakal.
fraansile navigable jalapaathakalude nord-paas-dii-kalaisinte praadeshika maanejmentinte ezhu praadeshika upavibhagangalil onnaanu cambray. seyint-kventin kanaalinteyum oays, paarees, kanal dii escout ennivayude samgamasthaanathaanu eee nagaram sthithicheyyunnathu, ithu dunkerk-escout kanalilekku nayikkunnu. kaambraayinte mukalilekku 250,000 tonn, thaazhekku 420,000 tonn enningane eee kanaalukalile vaanijya gathagatham kuravaanu.
rund kanaalukaludeyum samgamasthaanathu cambray-kaantimpreyil oru mareena sthithicheyyunnu.
jalapaathakalude charithram.
cambraik valenciansinum edayilulla kanal dii escout (skiild kanal) 1780-ll naavigeshanaayi thurannu.
koodaathe, parees nord departmentum thammilulla oru nadeebandham masarin, colbert kaalathaanu pravachichirunnathu. 1802ll nepolian onnaamante kramatthil oaysi, cambray ennividangalile chounikku idayil seyint-kventin kanaalinte nirmmaanam ettedukkukayum 1810ll recuval thurankam thurankam thurathiya sesham poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. 1810 epril 28 nuu chakravarty chakravarty merii-louis valia aadambarathode kanal thurankavum thurannu. seyint-kventin kanalinu kanatha gathagathakkurukku anubhavapettittund, ennaal 1966 muthal, kanal duu nord thuranna theeyathi muthal, athinu athinte praadhaanyam nashtappettu.
jalapatha padhathikal.
bhaaviyile trans-europian gathagatha shringalayude 30 munganana padhathikalude bhagamaanu saine-escout link project ennu vilikkunna wide gej rivar link project. cambrike padinjaaru markviyoniloodeyaanu eee padhathiyude paatha. athil pravartthanangalude oru vedhi aasoothranam cheythittundu. 2015 oode kanaalinte kammeeshan nadakkaam.
vimaanathavalangal.
cambray rund vyomaathirthikalodu aduthaanu vadakkupadinjaaru cambray-epinoy, 2012 ll adachupoottunnathuvare athinte upayogam book cheythirunnu, thekkukizhakk cambray neergnees vinoda vyomayaanathinaayi thurannu.
rooad maarggam ekadesham 1 manikkoor 30 minitt chuttalavil anchu pradhana vimaanathaavalangalund lillie-leskvin ettu, brassels southu charleroi ettu, brassels naashanal ettu, paarees beauways-tille ettu, paarees chaals-dii-gaul ettu.
nagara gathagatham.
1897 aayappozhekkum, athaayath kottakal polikkunnath poortthiyaayappol, nagaram electric tram lainukalude nirmmaanathekkurichu aalochichirunnu. athu akkaalathe valare aadhunikamaaya oru pariharamaayirunnu, kaaranam electric traction 1881-ll maathramaan prathyakshappettath, eee gathagatha maarggathinte vikasanam 1895 vare paareesilum paarees mekhalayilum yadhaarthathil sambhavichilla. 1903ll anchu lainukalulla eee shringhala thurannu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, saambathikamallaatha shringhala punakrameekarichittilla.
1933 muthal cambrai samuchayathinu sevanam nalkunna sii. eph. sii (railway oof cambressis) nadathunna 2010 ll anchu nagara roottukal pravarthichirunnu
2013 januvari 7 muthal, kaambraayiyile samuchaya samooham nagarathinu chuttumulla pathinezh stoppukalkku sevanam nalkunna oru soujanya shuttle nadappaakkiyittund.
2008ll, 59,326 nivaasikalulla kaambraayiyude "nagara gathagatha paridhi" (pidiyu), nord-paas-dii-kalais mekhalayile panthrand pidiyu-kalil ettavum cheruthaanu, prathivarsham ekadesham 740,000 yathrakal poortthiyaakki.
kaambraayiyile samuchaya samoohamaanu nagara gathaagathatthinte samghaadaka authority. ennirunnaalum, ithinu irupathimoonnu kammyoonukalundengilum, 2006 ll aarr nagara gathagatham maathrame undaayirunnulloo. mattu pattanangalkkum nagarangalkkum, nagara samooham vakuppinu adhikaraparidhi nalkiyittundu.
thaarathamyena janasandrata kuravullathum vipulamaaya pothugathagatham kuravullathumaaya oru koottatthil, athu vaahanavumayi eluppathil malsarikkaan kazhiyilla. ennirunnaalum, swakaarya kaariloodeyulla yaathrayude oru bhagam pidichedukkunnathinum kaar gathagathavum kaarban dye ooksaid udvamanavum kuraykkunnathinum pothugathaagathatthinte vitharanam shakthippeduthukayenna lakshyathode susthira vikasanathinte veekshanakonil ninnu kaambraayiyile samuchaya samooham nagara gathaagathatthinte bhaviye prathifalippikkunnu. cambray railway steshante paadatthil puthiya multimodal transport hubb yaadhaarthyamaakkunnathu eee nayatthinte bhagamaanu.
nagaravaadam.
nagara roopaghadana.
uthbhavam.
valathukadalil ninnu, skilled thaazhvarayude chathuppunilatthe abhimukeekarikkunna oru cheria uyarathilaanu kaambraayiyude pazhaya kendram sthaapichathu. kaambraayiyile khananangalude kuravu puraavastu thelivukalonnum nalkiyittillengilum eee sthalathu oru kaastram nirmmichathaayi soochanakal soochippikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, valare mithamaaya kaastram athinte vistheernnathil, boulogne ettu, reims ennivayekkaal valare cheruthayirikkum.
vikasanam.
merovingian samriddhiyude samayat, aadima kaastraminte vadakkum padinjaarum, sent-vaast, sent-oobertt pallikalkk chuttum fouborgukal vikasippichu. 880 desemberil wikingukal nagaram kollayadichathode kottakal shakthippeduthaanum vipuleekarikkanum bishop dodilonine bodhyappedutthi addeham nirmmicha puthiya enclosure nagaratthinte valippam moonnirattiyaayi. thekkukizhakk, mondu-dess-beaufs enna kunnin mukalil, bishop gaujericus 595-ll oru abbe sthaapichu, athu yadhaarthathil sent medardinum sent lupinum samarppichirikkunnu, thudarnnu sthaapakanaaya gaujerikkasinte maranashesham. eee madam theerchayaayum oru aavaranathaal samrakshikkappettirunnu. eee rund nagara korukale verthirikkunna sthalam vipanikalkkum melakalkkum aathidheyathvam vahichu.
pathinonnam noottaandil bishop jerard onnaaman nagaratthinte thekkukizhakkan bhaagathum mondu-dess-buffsinu kizhakkum sent nicolaasinteyum sent sepulturinteyum pallikal nirmmichappol eee rund bhaagangalum chernnu. bishop lietbert oru bhouma praakaaratthaal samrakshicha eee puthiya nagara sthalathu tounhaal, maarkkat, kashap, vividha karakaushala vidagdhar ennivar thamasamaakki. innum "grand plays", moodappetta maarkkat, theruvukalude chila perukal ("ruu dii liniyezhs", "ruu dess rottisiyezhs", "ruu dess choudroneers", "ruu dess cordiers") nagaravikasanatthinte eee ghattathe oormmippikkunnu.
bishop jerard randaaman pinneedu bhoomiyude kothalatthinu pakaram gopurangal, kavaadangal, kuzhikal enniva upayogichu oru kallu mathil sthaapikkukayum nirmmicha sthalam muzhuvan ulkkollukayum cheythu. athinaal cambray pathonpathaam noottaand vare nilanirthaavunna paridhiyiletthiyappol eee mekhalayile mattu nagarangalaya bragukal, ghent allengil duvaay enniva pathinalam noottaand vare vipuleekarichu, kaambraayiyude chuttupaadukal punarroopakalppana cheyyukayum shakthippeduthukayum cheythu, pakshe rooparekhaye baadhikkathe. pathinonnam noottaandil nirmmicha eee mathilinte rooparekha ippozhum nilavile boulevaardukalil kaanam.
pathinonnam noottaandil bishappumaraaya jerard onnaaman, libert, jerard randaaman ennivarude keezhilayirikkaam nagaratthinte vadakkupadinjaaru bhaagathulla skeldinte attathu sthithi cheiyunna oru kotta nirmmichathu. pathimoonnaam noottaandil bishop nicolas III dii fontains athine "nalla prathirodhatthil" vaykkaan utharavittu. bishop kaundukalude udamasthathayilulla eee kotta, nagaram nireekshikkunnathinum prathirodham urappakkunnathinum uddeshichullathaanu. pathinaram noottaandil chaals vii nagaram pidichedukkukayum pattanatthinte vadakkukizhakkan mondu-dess-beaufil oru kottayude nirmmaanathinu utharavidukayum cheythappol athinte sainika punk avasaanichu, athinaayi 800 veedukalum sent gejarikkasinte madavum polichumaatti. chaatto dii sels pinneedu oru jayilayi upayogichu.
kottakalude thakarcha.
pathonpathaam noottaandil, nagaram athinte kottakettya mathilukalkkullil idungiyirunnu, ithu athinte vikasanam parimithappedutthukayum nagaraasoothranam nirodhikkukayum cheythu.
1862ll thanne harjiyil aavasyappetta kottakal polichuneekkunnathu 30 varshathinusesham oduvil samsthaanam amgeekarichu. 6 varsham neenduninna eee punny, vishalamaaya oru beltt nirmmikkunnathiloodeyum puthiya bhoomi vilkkunnathiloodeyum nagaratthe athinte praanthapradeshangalumaayi bandhippikkunnathiloode pothu udyaanangal sthaapikkunnathiloodeyum nagaratthinte roopathe maattimarichu.
drainage jolikal.
nagaratthinte padinjaaran bhaagathe chuttipattiyulla chathuppunilatthinte vishalamaaya chathuppunilatthinte attathaanu cambray nirmmichirikkunnathu, vadakku thekk vishudha kallarayude kavaadatthil eerppamulla poonthottangal, kulangal, pulmedukal, kulangal, chathupp enniva chilappol nagaratthinte prathirodhatthinaayi upayogikkunna vellapokka mekhalayaayi maari. purathana hridayathe padinjaaru thaazheyulla skeldumaayi bandhippikkunna kaantimpreyude praanthapradesham niravadhi meterukal uyarnnirunnu. madhyakala pattanatthilekku praveshikkunnathinu munbu skeldinte (escout) rund kaikal, escoutins, verthirikkappedunnu pazhaya nagara korinte mathilukal kulikkunna eskouttum clicodioyum. eee aruvikal orupakshe manushyante kaii moolamaayirikkaam, kaaranam avaa prakrithidatha bhooprakrithiyumaayi poruthappedunnilla. ennirunnaalum, avarude uthbhavam roman kaalaghattatthilaano atho pilkkaalatthaano ennu anjjaathamaanu.
madhyakaalakhattatthiludaneelam, aadhunika kaalaghattatthilum, eee sheldin athinte aayudangalkkum nirantharamaaya pravartthanam aavashyamaayirunnu thadaakangalude attakuttappanikal, nadappaatha mechappeduthal, kidakka nereyaakkal, athupole nadiyude gathi niyanthrikkunnathinum vellapokkam thadayunnathinum millukalum charmakkashanashaalakalum aasrayikkunna sthiramaaya jalanirapp saadhyamaakunnidatholam urappakkunnathinum kuzhikal kuzhikkal. eee jolikal nadannittum, idaykkide vellapokkam undaayittund. nagaratthinte mukal bhaagangalil ninnu thaazhekku veezhunna mazhavellavum garhikajalavum agiranam cheiyunnathum oru prashnamaayirunnu. 1842-ll, "cambrai, leeii cambrisis ennivayude charithratthil", "innu roopamkonda athivega torrentukal [kodunkaattu jalam]", bouli samsaarichu. madhyakaalakhattathil nilavile "mahathaaya sthalathinu" aduthulla "ell keyarinte ozhukk" (allengil "kaserayude ozhukk") "aakaashathile veezhunna vellathinte jalagathagatham" ennathinaayi oru jalasambharani kuzhichirunnu.iii. mazhavellathinte ozhukk niyantrikkaan. pathonpathaam noottaandil eee jalam vahikkunnathinaayi jalasambharanikal nirmmikkukayum theruvukalkk melkoora nalkukayum cheythu. koodaathe, 1926-ll "ruu bleriyattil" oru drainage azhukkuchaal nirmmichu.
pattanatthinu chuttumulla thanneerthadangalude vattal 1804 ll aarambhichu. 1951 ll purathana nagara mathilukalil aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna eee thanneerthadatthil thanne nirmmicha liberty stediyathinaduthulla sent benoyittinte cheria aruvi unakkiyum 1953 ll klikkottiyuvinte moodalmanjum kondu punny avasaanichu.
irupathaam noottaand.
onnaam lokamahaayudham moolamundaaya naashanashtangal kendratthinte punarnirmmaanam aavashyamaayi vannu. munisippaalitti oru malsaram samghadippikkukayum athil vijayikkukayum cheythu. praadeshika abhiruchiyilum hazmanian shailiyilum ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda addehathinte padhathi madhyakaalakhattatthile rodukalude leauttu poornnamaayum punarroopakalppana cheythu. oru aadhunika nagaramaayi ithu punarnirmikkappettu. aarkkitekt luis maari cordonaire thiranjedukkappetta prathinidhikalodu saadhyathakal vivarichu
leprins-ringvatt padhathi bhaagikamaayi maathrame nediyulloo, pakshe theruvukal neekkam cheyyukayum mattullava vipuleekarikkukayum "avanyoo dii laa victoire" [vijayathinte vazhi] enna nilayil puthiya pathakal srishtikkukayum cheythu.
1944 epril-august maasangalile sakhyakakshikalude bombakramanam moolamundaaya kooduthal naashanashtangalkk veendum punarnirmmaanam aavasyamaanu. prathyekichum, randaam lokamahaayudhathinu sheshamulla varshangalil, irakale punaradhivasippikkunnathum vardhichuvarunna janasamkhyaye neridunnathinum vendiyaayirunnu ithu. verthiricha veedukalkku munganana nalkukayum nagaratthinte thekk-kizhakk "martin-martin" upavibhagam polulla puthiya kwartezhs prathyakshappedukayum cheythu. cheythu purathana paithrikam punasthaapikkaanum vikasippikkaanum munisippaalitti pravarthichu.
veedu.
2017ll cambraayil 18,112 bhawana unitukalundaayirunnu, athil 15,925 ennam praadhamika vasathikalaayirunnu. vyakthigatha bhavanangalude anupatham 54.2% aanu. praadhamika thaamasasthalangal <aii. dii. 1> aanu, kaambraayiyile dvitheeya thaamasasthalangalude valare kuranja anupatham 1% ennathu prathyekam sradhikkaam.
<aii. dii. 1> enna nilayilulla veettudamastharude anupatham raajyathinte mattu bhaagangale apekshichu kuravaanu (<aii. dii. 2>). fraansil 40 sathamaanathil alpam kooduthal ullathil, cambraayil kudiyaanmaarude ennam valare kooduthalaanu. vaadaka bhavanangalil, echlm bhavanangalude anupatham, 16.7%, deseeya sharashariyaaya 14.8% nekkaal valare kooduthalaanu.
kaambraayiyile thaamasatthinte praayam praadeshika, deseeya sharashariye apekshichu vyathyasthamaan. raajyathinte mattu bhaagangale apekshichu sharashari cambraayil bhavanangal pazhakkamullathaanu. (1945-nuu munbu) "pazhaya" bhavanangalude anupatham, 33.5% aanu, ithu franch sharashariyaaya 22.2% nekkaal valare kooduthalaanu. athesamayam, athesamayam 1946num idayil nirmmicha veedukal kaambraayiyile motham veedukalude aii. dii. 2 aanu, ithu raajyathe aii. dii. 1 nekkaal valare kooduthalaanu. randaam lokamahaayudhathe thudarnnundaaya aavashyamaaya punarnirmmanavum punarnirmmanavum 1960kalilum maisan familiae group homukalude paripaadikalum eee anupatham vishadeekarikkaam. fraansinte mattu bhaagangalekkaalum eee pradeshathekkaalum thaarathamyena kuranja bhavanangalaan nagaratthilullathu fraansile aii. dii. 2 neey apekshichu apekshichu 1991num idayil kaambraayiyile thaamasoukaryathinte 7.3 sathamaanam nirmikkappettu; fraansile aii. dii. 1 neey apekshichu 2006 muthal 5.2 sathamaanam nirmikkappettu. sameepa varshangalil nagaratthinte chalanathmakatha kuranja sambadvyavasthayudeyum janasamkhyayudeyum anantharafalamaayirikkaam ithu.
ozhinjukidakkunna vasthukkalude punaradhivasam prolsaahippikkuka, praayamaayavarkko bhinnasheshikkaarkko anuyojyamaaya thaamasoukaryam vipuleekarikkuka, vaadakayude vitharanam vardhippikkuka, kooduthal oorjjakshamathayulla bhavanangalude nirmmaanam prolsaahippikkuka enningane vividha maargangaliloode thaamasoukaryathinte gunanilavaaram mechappeduthaan samuchaya samooham shramikkunnu. 2008 muthal 2014 vareyulla aarr varshathinide 960 puthiya saamoohika bhavanangal srishtichu.
2007ll nagaravumaayum nagara samoohavumaayum oppuvacha nord departmentile aadyathethaanu. sensitiivu nagarapradeshangal" ennu tharamthirikkappedaatha anjilonnu vishayangal pazhaya aavaasavyavastha avasheshikkunna pazhaya kendram, praadhamikamaayi multy-famili housing ulkkollunna "ell 'americ", "laa forret" estettukal, single-famili housing aadhipathyam pulartthunna "dii' esness", "dii gyoos" estettukal ennivayekkurichaanu.
vikasana padhathikal.
2010ll munisippaalittiyude padhathikalil iva ulppedunnu
maruvashathu, ettu vishayangale chuttippattiyaan chithram parayunnatha "graamapradesangalile oru nagara kendramaaya cambray", "prakrithidathavum grameenavum karshikavumaaya idam samrakshikkukayum vardhippikkukayum cheyyuka", "punarnirmmikkukayum punarnirmmikkukayum cheyyuka", "cambrai athinte" nagarathvathil poornnamaayum nalkuka "," charitra nagaratthe kettippadukkuka "," paristhithiye samrakshikkukayum samrakshikkukayum cheyyuka, jeevita paristhithiyude gunanilavaaram mechappeduthuka "," saambathikavum susthiravumaaya vikasanam urappaakkuka ", koodaathe" yaathrayil praaveenyam neduka allengil gathagatha reethikalil mattangal prolsaahippikkuka ".
toponymi.
naalam noottaandil putinger table "cameracom" ennum "cameracom" (theeyathiyilla) ennum eee sthalam saakshyappeduthiyittundu. celtic uthbhavathinte "sthalam", "swath", urappode thirichariyaattha oru moolakathinu munbulla gallo-roman prathyayam ithu thirichariyunnu. albert dausaattum chaals roasteying camerous enna vyakthiyude gallo-roman tharam peru vaagdaanam cheythu.
chambre (yoor) ("cambracus" 1011, "cameragus" muthal 1025 vare) enna naravamshanaamatthilum ithu kaanapedunnu. camberius", "camarius" ennee vakabhedangal cambairack, chambri inn ainn, saine-ettu-maarne, chamari, chemeri muthalaayavayil vishadeekarikkum. ithu oru pree-laattin "camer" allengil "camber" theem aayirikkaamenn francois dii beurapayer abhipraayappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, "cambo-" "karvu" (cf) enna gallic padatthe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayi addeham karuthunna "cambarius" enna vyakthiparamaaya peru seviyar delamare udharichu. pazhaya airish "camb", "kaam" "valanja", "valanja" allengil "valanja"). "valanjirikkunnathu" ennartham varunna eee gallic vilipperude oru vakabhedamaayirikkum "camerous".
cambray aakruthi jorettu laininte vadakku bhaagathulla kadinamaaya "sii" ulla normanno-picardaanu, athinaal ithu francian tharam chambreyude roopavumaayi poruthappedunnu. koodaathe, franch viplavam vare pattanatthinte peru "cambrey" ennu ezhuthiyirunnu.
dutch bhashayil "comeric" ennum jarmman bhashayil munbu "comeric" ennum engleeshil "camberic/cambric" ennum ithu ariyappedunnu.
charithram.
purathanakaalam.
kaambraayiyude thudakkathekkurichu valarekkurache ariyoo. "romacarc ariyappettirunnathupole "cameracom" allengil "cameraco" naalam noottaandinte madhyathil putinger table aadyamaayi paraamarshikkappedunnu. innathe baway aaya "bagakkam" aayirunnu roman thalasthaanamaaya nerviyile roman pravishyayude pradhana pattanamayi ithu maari.
naalam noottaandinte madhyathil, vadakku ninnulla frankish reydukal baveye bheeshanippeduthukayum koloon muthal baway muthal cambray rooad vare kottakal nirmmikkaan romakkare nayikkukayum avide ninnu bolognailekku nayikkukayum cheythu. angane cambray oru pradhana thanthraparamaaya sthaanam vahichu. anchaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, orupakshe fraankukalude reydukalkku vidheyamaakukayum orupakshe valare kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum cheytha bawake pakaramaayi eee pattanam nerviyude bharana kendramaayi maari.
ekadesham athe samayathaan kristhumatham eee pradeshathetthiyathu. naalam noottaandinte madhyathil "superior" enna peril oru nervi bishappine paraamarshikkunnundenkum addehathekkurichu mattonnum ariyilla.
430ll klodiyoyude neethrthwathil neelamulla mudiyulla salian fraankukal nagaram pidichedutthu. 509ll clovis thante bandhukkale ozhivaakkikkond frankish raajyangale ekeekarikkaan theerumaanichu. avaril oralaaya ragnachar cambraayil ninnu oru cheria raajyam bharichu.
madhyakaalakhattam.
merovingian kaalaghattatthil cambray oru grameena vipaniyil ninnu oru yadhaartha nagaramaayi valaraan thudangi, araasukalileyum cambraiyileyum bishopermar aadyamaayi ekeekrithamaaya oru neenda samadhana kaalayalav (orupakshe akkaalat avasheshichirunna purohithanmaarude cheria ennam kaaranam) pinneedu eee pradeshatthinte bharana kendramaaya kaambraayiyilekk maatti. gosericus (franch jerry) ulppedeyulla thudarchayaaya bishappukal avashishtangal sthaapikkunnathinaayi madangalum pallikalum sthaapichu, ithu oru nagaratthinte roopavum pravartthanangalum cambraic nalkunnathinu sakthamaaya sambhavana nalki.
843-leeii verdoon udambadi chaalmeyninte saamraajyathe moonnu bhagangalaayi vibhajichappol cambray kaundi lotheyarinte raajyathilekku veenu. ennirunnaalum, anantharaavakaashiyillaatha lotheyar randaamante maranashesham, chaals rajaavu mettsil svayam vishudhanaakki thante raajyathinte niyanthranam nedaan shramichu. angane cambray padinjaaran frankish raajyathekku madangiyethi, pakshe hrasvamaayi maathram. 870ll eee pattanam normanmar nashippichu.
925 aayappozhekkum henry dhii foular lotheyarinte muun domainukalude niyanthranam veendeduthu. ettu noottaandukalkku sesham 1677ll luis pathinaraman pidichadakkiya sesham france pidichadakkunnathuvare france athirthiyil aswasthamaaya oru sthaanathu vishudha roman saamraajyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu cambray.
madhyakaalakhattathil cambressis ennu vilikkappedunna cambraic chuttumulla pradesham oru kaundiyaayirunnu. nagravum kaundiyum bharichirunna kaundum bishop thammilulla sathrutha 948ll ottoo I bishappin nagaratthinmel thaalkkaalika adikaarangal nalkiyappol avasaanichu. 1007-ll henry randaaman chakravarty bishappinte laukika adikaaram cambraic chuttumulla pradeshathekku vyapippichu. appol bishappukalkk aathmeeyavum laukikavumaaya adikaarangal undaayirunnu. ithu vishudha roman saamraajyathinte bhagamaayirunna leej enna swatantra raashtratheppole cambrai cambrisisineyum oru sabhaa naatturajyamaakki. bishappinte athmeeya shakti oru vishalamaaya roopathayude mail prayogikkappettu, athu moons, brassels, antwerp enniva vare skeldinte valath karayil vyaapichu. 953ll magyarmar cambray uparodhichu, athu avarude ellah akramanangaleyum prathirodhichu.
958ll europile aadyathe vargeeya kalaapangalilonn cambrayiyilaanu nadannathu. bishop berencharude adhikaarathinum durupayogathinum ethire nivaasikal kalapam nadatthi. kalapam kadinamaayi adichamarthappettuvenkum 10,11 noottaandukalil athrupthi veendum pottipurappettu. pottipurappettu 1077num idayil bergermark kuranjathu naalu thavanayenkilum charter franchisee undaayirunnu. oro thavanayum, bishappumaarudeyum chakravartthimaarudeyum samyuktha parishramatthiloode iva pinvalikkapettu. 1227-ll, mattoru aswasthathayude kaalaghattathetthudarnnu, kaambraayiyile bergermark oduvil avarude charterukal upekshichu bishappinte adikaaram sweekarikkendivannu. ennirunnaalum, bishop prakhyaapicha "loyi godfroid", vaasthavathilo niyamathilo, vargeeya kaaryangalude nadatthippil janangalkk niravadhi swaathanthryangal nedi.
airish mathagrandhangalkkum cambray prashasthamaan.
saambathika pravartthanangal.
kambili thuni, linan, cambric enniva uthppaadippikkunna neythu vyavasaayam kaaranam madhyakaalakhattathil nagaram kooduthal sambannamaayi valarnnu. pathinanjaam noottaandil cambray, prathyekichu vasthranirmmaanam saambathikamaayi thakarnnu. shampainileyum pareesileyum melakalumaayi vyapaaram vikasippikkuka enna lakshyathode pathinezh thaazhnna raajya nagarangalile oru vaanijya hansayil pettathaayirunnu cambray. pathinonnam noottaandode nagara mathilukal pathonpathaam noottaand vare nilanirthaavunna paridhiyiletthiyirunnu.
sangeetha charithram.
cambraic, prathyekichu pathinanjaam noottaandil, oru vishishtamaaya sangeetha charithramund. pathinezhaam noottaand vare oru sangeetha kendramaayirunna avidatthe cathedralil thaazhnna raajyangalile ettavum sajeevamaaya sangeetha sthaapanangalilonnundaayinu; burgundian skoolile niravadhi sangeethanjjar onnukil avide valarukayum avarude karakaushalavidya padikkukayum cheiyukayo padippikkaan madangukayo cheythu. 1428-ll philipp dii luxemburg, cathedral athinte paattinte bhangi, prakasham, manikalude madhuryam enniva kaaranam kristhumathatthil ettavum mikachathaanennu avakashappettu. pathinanjaam noottaandile ettavum prashasthanaaya europian samgeethajnjanaaya gillom dufay 1409 muthal 1412 vare nicolas malin, richard lokville ennivarude keezhil cathedralil padikkukayum niravadhi varshangal italiyil chelavazhicha sesham 1439-ll madangukayum cheythu. pathinanjaam noottaandinte avasaanathil cambray cathedralil mattu prashastha sangeethanjjar undaayirunnu johannes tinctoris okegemum dufeyumaayi padikkaan cambrayilekku pooyi. nicolas grenon, alexander agricola, jacob obrekt ennivaraanu mattu samgeethasamvidhaayakar. pathinaram noottaandil philipp dii monde, johannes looppi, jacobus dii kerle ennivarellaam avide jolie cheythirunnu.
nooru varshathe yuddham.
bishop thante cheria samsthaanamaaya cambressisinte swaathanthryam nilanirthaan shramichenkilum, kaundi athinte kooduthal sakthamaaya ayalrajyangalaaya flandezhs, hainaut, fraansile rajaakkanmaar ennivaykkidayilaayathinaal, prathyekichu nooru varshathe yudhakaalathu, eee dauthyam eluppamaayirunnilla. 1339-ll, yudhathinte praarambhaghattangalil, engleesh rajaavaaya edward moonnaaman nagaram uparodhichuvenkilum oduvil pinmaarendivannu. pathinalam noottaandode kaundi ellah bhaagathum bargandiyude swathukkalaal chuttappettirikkukayum joonn dhii fearlessinte niyamavirudhanaaya makanaaya joonn oof burgandy bishappayi niyamikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1477-ll chaals dhii boldinte pettennulla maranathode bargandi samsthaanangalilekku cambressis kootticherkkappedumennu thonniyirunnathu asaadhyamaakki. luis pathinaar udan thanne kaambraayiyude niyanthranam ettedukkaanulla avasaram prayojanappedutthi, pakshe oru varshathinusesham nagaram vittu.
martin, martin ennivarude ithihaasam.
martinum martinum thangal rakshichathaayi parayappedunna nagaratthe prathinideekarikkaan vanna rund itihaasa kathaapaathrangalaanu. kathayude vyathyastha pathippukalundu. ettavum saadhaaranayaayi amgeekarikkappetta pathipp inipparayunnavayaanu 1370-ll, bishop robarttinte kaalath, combrayil sthaapithamaaya moorish vamshajayaaya oru kammaranaaya martin, nagaratthe vittupoya bergermaaril oraalaayirunnu, thudarnnu nagarathinu chuttumulla janangale mochanadravyamaayi nalkunnathinum pothuve eee pradeshathe baadikkunnathinum peruketta thun-levekkinte prabhuvinodu yuddham cheyyaan. thante kanatha irumbu chuttika maathram upayogichu aayudhadhaariyaaya martin taamasiyaathe shathruvine nerittu. thante ethiraaliyude thalaykku addeham kanatha praharam ealppichathinaal, karthaavinte helmet thakarnnillengilum, athu nalla urukk kondu nirmmichathinaal, athu addehathinte annukalilekku thaazhtthi. vismayichu andhanaya thunnile prabha vegathil keezhadangi. innu tounhaalinte mukalil nilkkunna martinteyum martinteyum automaattanukal aaa sakthamaaya praharatthinte oormmappeduthalaayi oru chuttika upayogichu manikorukal adikkunnu.
aadyakaala aadhunika yugam.
vadakkan yooroppinte saambathika kendram thakarchayil ninnu maari, saamskaarika thakarchayude kaalaghattatthode eee pradesham kooduthal daridramaayi. ennirunnaalum, nagaratthinte nishpakshathayum habsburg saamraajyathinteyum fraansinteyum swathukkal thammilulla sthaanavum 1508-ll juuliyas randaaman marpappa republic oof venissinethire roopeekaricha leag oof cambray ulppede niravadhi anthaaraashtra charchakalude vediyaayi maari. 1510ll poppu thante muun sakhyakakshiyaya fraansinethire venisumaayi sakhyamundaakkiyappol eee sakhyam thakarnnu. 1508 muthal 1516 vare neenduninna eee samgharsham cambray leaginte yuddham ennum ariyappedunnu. 1529-ll pikes dess daamesil avasaanicha cambray charchakalude sthalamaayirunnu, ithu leag oof kognakkinte yudhathil ninnu france pinmaarunnathilekku nayichu.
1543ll vishudha roman chakravarthiyaaya chaals vii. cambray keezhadakkukayum addehathinte vishalamaaya swathukkalilekku kootticherkkukayum cheythu. addeham madhyakala sanyasi-sepulturinte ashramam polichumaatti, athinte sthaanathu oru kotta nirmmichu.
1595-ll ettaamatheyum avasaanatheyum franch mathayudhangalil spanish eee nagaram pidichedutthu.
1623 desemberil engleesh benedikttin sabhayile kanyaasthreekalude samooham cambraayil sthaapithamaayi. 1793-ll franch viplavathinte falamaayi purathaakkappetta athinte pingamikalaaya samooham 1838-ll maalveninaduthulla staanbrookk abby pinneedu yorkshayarilumaanu.
1630-ll chakravarthiyudeyum speyininteyum adhikaarathe prathirodhikkaan aagrahicha richeliu, fraansinte aikya pravisyakalumaayulla sakhyam puthukki. fraansinte pradhana sramam spanish netherlandukalil shradha kendreekarikkendivannu, dachukaarumaayi oru pankidal padhathi sthaapichu, fraansumaayi hainaut, cambressis, artois, flandersinteyum luxemburghinteyum valiyoru bhagam, naamoor kaundi enniva sweekarikkaan. 1635ll speyininethire yuddham prakhyapikkappettu thudarnnu upajeevanamargavum pakarchavyaadhikalum chernnu, campressisine thakarkkunna prathisandhikalkk kaaranamaaya oru neenda yuddha parambara nadannu.
1649ll henry dii loraine-harcourt vikkomett dii turren uparodhikkunna nagaram pidichedukkaan masarin parajayappettu. bocheynil ninnu vanna oru spanish rejiment nagaratthilekku praveshikkunnathil vijayikkukayum uparodham pinvalikkukayum cheythu. 1657ll vicomte dii turren cambray pidichedutthu. veendum kondeyude neethrthwathil 4,000 kuthirappadayaalikal speyininte sevanathil nuzhanjukayarukayum turren nagaram upekshikkukayum cheythu.
1666-ll, ettavum rahasyamaayi, luis pathinaraman spanish kottakalude padhathikal thayyarakki puthiya vijayangal thayyarakkukayum thudarnnu adhikara vibhajana yuddham aarambikkukayum cheythu. 1668 muthalulla ikes-laa-chappelle udambadi france raajyathin dhaaraalam shakthikendrangal nedaan anuvadichu, pakshe cambray avayude bhagamaayirunnilla, boucheyn, valencians allengil konde-surr-escout ennivayaayirunnilla.
france pidichadakki.
1672ll netherlands protestant republicinethire sathrutha punaraarambhichu, thudarnnulla varshangalilum ithu thudarnnu. 1676-ll, luis pathinaraman, "thante athirthikalude samadhaanam ennennekkumaayi samrakshikkaanulla" shramathil ("ashwarar eiii jamais leeii repos dii sess frontiyezhs"), speyininethireyum adhinivesha konde, boucheyn ennivaykkethireyum thante mikka sramangalum kendreekarichu. 1677 march 17 nuu franch sainyam valencyenne akramikkukayum netherlandsile ettavum sakthamaaya sthalamaaya kaambraayiyilekk neengukayum march 20 nuu athu athicherukayum cheythu. march march luis pathinaalaaman nerittu nagaratthilundaayirunnu. epril epril franchukaar aaa sthalathinte oru bhaagath nikshepam nadatthi. 1667-ll lilleyude athe aanukoolyangal nalkikkond epril 5-oode nagaram keezhadangiyengilum spanish gaarisan kottayil abhayam thedukayum uparodham epril 17 vare thudarukayum cheythu. 29 divasathe uparodhathinusesham rajaavu epril 19, eesttar thinkalaazhcha nagaratthil praveshichu. luis pathinaraman markvis dii sessione govarnoraayi namakaranam cheyyukayum athe provost nilanirthikkondu 14 puthiya aaldarmaanukale niyamikkukayum cheythu.
cheythu nijmegan udambadiyiloode spain fraansinte bhaagamaayi nilaninnirunna cambray innuvare upekshichu.
franch swaadheenam nagaratthinte vaasthuvidyayum nagarathwatheyum parivartthanam cheyyum. theruvile veedukalude gableukal thadayukayum nagaram maalikakalaal alankarikkappedukayum cheythu. vipulamaaya pravarthanangaliloode kottakal shakthippeduthi. fraansile rajaavu niyamicha aadyathe aarch bishop francois fenalonaayirunnu. thante suhruthum ethiraaliyumaaya bosuitaaya "eegil oof meox" ("ell 'aigil dii meox") neey ethirthu addeham "kaambraayinte swan" ("leeii signe dii cambray") ennariyappedukayum nagaratthil thaamasikkumbol thante "vishudhanmaarude upavaakyangal" ezhuthukayum cheythu. vishwaasikale prabudharaakkaanum avishwasthare parivartthanam cheyyaanumulla asraanthamaaya theekshnatha addehathinundaayirunnu.
franch viplavam.
nagaram viplavathaal durithamanubhavichu communication oof saloot pothujanangal ayacha joseph leeii boonn 1794-ll kaambraayiyilethi. 1795-ll vichaarana cheyyappedukayum vadhikkappedukayum cheiyunnathuvare addeham "bheekaratha" yude oru yugam sthaapikkukayum palareyum gillattinilekku ayakkukayum cheythu. addehathinte ettavum prashasthamaaya erakalil oraal besileyarinte moonnaamathe markwas francois III maximilian dii laa vonesti aayirunnu.
nagaratthile mikka mathaparamaya kettidangalum aaa kaalaghattatthil polichumaatti 1797-ll, "thaazhnna raajyangalude athbhutham" ennu vilikkappettirunna pazhaya cathedral, 1796 juun 6-nuu oru vyaapaariykk vittu, cathedraline oru kallu kwaariyaayi chooshanam cheytha sesham gopuram maathram avasheshichu. 1809ll kodunkaattil thakarunnathuvare pradhana gopuram nilaninnirunnu. ennirunnaalum cathedralinte aarkkaivukal samrakshikkappettittund (avaa ippol lilleyile aarkkaivukalaya departmentalus duu nordilaanu) koodaathe pinneedu oru puthiya cathedral nalki.
pathonpathaam noottaand.
noottaand franco-russian yuddham cambrai vyaapakamaayi ozhivaakki. 1892ll nagaram athinte chelavil polikkaan anumathi nediya kottakalude nishfalatayum ithu kaanichu. puram boulevaardukal nirmmikkukayum mathilukalude sthaanathekku maattukayum cheythu, cheythu irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathinum idayil. nagaratthinte roopam samoolamaayi parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum pravartthanangal nagaratthinte sambadvyavasthaye uthejippikkukayum cheythu.
irupathaam noottaand.
1914-ll jarmman sainyam nagaram kaivashappedutthi naalu varsham neenduninna eee adhinivesham kollayadi, aavashyappedal, bandikale arast cheyyal ennivayude ramgangalaal adayaalappeduthi. 1917 november 20 muthal desember 17 vare cambray pattanatthinte sameepapradeshangal cambray yudhathinte vediyaayirunnu, ithu aadyamaayi taankukalude vann upayogam kandu.
1918ll jarmmankaar pookunnathinumumbu nagara kendram kathikkukayum sitti haalum munisippal aarkkaivukalum nasippikkukayum cheythu. cambray ulppetta 3,500 kettidangalil 1500-ladhikam kettidangal poornnamaayum nashichu. aarkkitektine ealppicha oru joliyaaya kendram punarnirmmikkendathaayinu.
randaam lokamahaayudham cambrai baadhichu. 1940 meyy 17 nuu france yudhathil looftwaff nagaram bombit thakarkkukayum adutha divasam sent-kventinte athe samayat veezhum. onpathaam franch sainyathinteyum general giraudinteyum avashishtangal jarmmankaar thadavilaakki.
epril 27 muthal 1944 august 18 vare, 18 sakhyasenakalude vyomaakramanangal railway tracukalkkethire nadatthi, 250 perr kollappedukayum 1,700 kettidangal nasippikkukayum cheythu, allengil nagaratthinte 50 sathamaanathiladhikam. septambar 2 nuu aadyathe american taankukal nagaratthilekku praveshichu.
yudhathinushesham punarnirmmaanamaayirunnu veendum munganana. mithamaaya soshyalisathe prothsaahippichukondu 1981 vare nagaratthinte thalavanayi thudarnnavarude neethrthwathil 1945ll "union oof dhii lephtt" enna oru munisippaalitti thiranjedukkappettu. 1947ll thanne nagaram punarnirmmaana manthraalayathinte oru vikasana padhathikku samarppikkappettu. munisippaalitti veedukalude nirmmaanathinu munganana nalkki "maisan duu cambressis" [house oof leeii cambressis], pinneedu "maisan familial" group, oru echlm sahakarana samgham, nagaratthinte punarnirmmaanatthinu ganyamaaya sambhavana nalki. nagaratthile janasamkhya purogamikkumbol, janasamkhya kuranju. athesamayam, nagarathinu vyaavasaayika jolikal nashtappedukayum moonnaam mekhalayilekku neengukayum cheythuvenkilum pothubharanasthaapanangalaanu bhooribhaagam thozhilukalum nalkiyathu.
raashtreeyavum bharanavum.
rashtreeya pravanathakalum phalangalum.
mothatthil, kaambraayiyile votting deseeya vottil ninnu alppam vyathyasthamaan, pakshe vittunilkkal nirakk palappozhum kooduthalaannu udaaharanathinu, 2005 leeii hitaparisodhanayil ithu 34.86% aayirunnu (30.63% nuu ethire); 2007 leeii president thiranjeduppinte aadya roundil 22.07% (16.23%-maayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol), 2002 leeii niyamasabha thiranjeduppinte aadya roundil 38.13% (35.58%-maayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol).
europian union pothuve franchineyum sambandhichidatholam cambressin watermar kooduthal jagrata pulartthunnu 1992 leeii europian union udambadi amgeekarikkunnathinulla hitaparisodhana 53.35% nirasikkapettu, athesamayam deseeya thalatthil ithu 51.04% enna idungiya bhooripakshathaal amgeekarikkappettu. 2005ll europinaayi oru bharanaghadana sthaapikkunna udambadi amgeekarikkunnathinulla karadu niyamam deseeya thalathekkaal (54.67%) cambraayil (59.8% ennathil "illa" ennu vottu cheythu) kooduthal vyaapakamaayi nirasikkapettu.
nirasikkapettu president thiranjeduppil randaam roundinte phalangal deseeya kanakkukalumayi valare aduthaayirunnu nicolas sarcosic 54.07%, segolen royalinu 45.93%, deseeya thalatthil yathaakramam 53.06%, 46.94%. aadya roundil fraansinekkaal (10.44%) cambraayil (13.28%) alpam mikacha phalam nediya jeane-maari leeii penn, francois bairo vipareeta saahacharyathilaayirunnu (18.57% nethire 16.77%). aarlett luggiller (2.02%), oliviyar besancenote (4.77%) enniva maathramaan 1.5 sathamaanathiladhikam kadannath. rekhappeduthiyathu president thiranjeduppinte randaamghattathil jackwus chirak raajyathinte mattu bhaagangalilennapole cambrayilum valia thothil munnilethiyenkilum jeane-maari leeii penninte phalam kooduthalaayirunnu (17.79% neey apekshichu 21.11%).
2007 leeii niyamasabha thiranjeduppil, amparumaayi bandhapetta sthaanaarthiyum kaambraayiyude nilavile meyarumaaya francois-javier villan aadya roundil (mandalathil 48.03%) 57.42% nedi. mattu sthaanaarthikalellaam avarude party deseeya sathamaanathil thaazheyaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, soshyalist party 24.73% nethire 22.91%, communist party 4.29% neey apekshichu 3.10%, yuu. dii. eph 6.21% neey ethirthu 7.61% enniva nedi. deseeya munnaniyude thakarcha mattevideyekkaalum (4.24%) cambrai (4.14%) yilaanu kooduthal rekhappeduthiyathu. rekhappeduthiyathu thiranjeduppinodu adutha oru sahacharyam oraal kandethunnu.
kandethunnu president thiranjeduppinte aadyaghattathil, nicolas sarkosi (empi, 28.29%), francois holland (ps, 27.56%), maraine leeii penn (efn, 20.81%), jeane-luke melenchon (idathu munnaniyil, 10.14%) ennivar 72.61% polling rekhappeduthi. randaam roundil francois holland 50.75% vottil munnilaayirunnu, pankaalittha nirakk 73.09% aayirunnu.
munisippal sarkkar.
nord departmentile aarr arondismentukalilonni shef-liyuvaan cambray. cambray ulppede 27 communeukalulla cambray kantoninte aasthaanamaanu cambray.
1992 desember 22 muthal 33 kammyoonukalum ekadesham 68,000 nivaasikalum ulppedunna cambrai nagaratthinte aasthaanamaanu. thaazhepparayunna vargeeya virudha gadanakalum nagaram palikkunnu
1971ll cambray morenchis communeumaayi layichu.
meyarmaarude pattika.
1945 muthal cambrike moonnu meyarmaarundu. 1977 vare vimochanathil ninnu reymond gernesinte vyakthithvathil oru soshyalist meyarine thudarchayaayi veendum thiranjedutthathinushesham, 1992 vare aarr. pii. aaril ninno bandhapetta ampera jackwus legenderil ninno meyarmaarum pinneedu francois-javier villanum aanu nagaram bharichirunnathu. randaamathethu 2002 juun 16 nuu nordile 18-aamath niyojakamandalathilekku thiranjedukkappedukayum thiranjedukkappedukayum 2007lum veendum thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu.
judicial, administrative adhikaarikal.
1709 muthal 1713ll duvaayiyilekk maattunnathuvare franch flaandezhsinte paarlamentinte aasthaanamaayirunnu cambray.
nagaram ippol adikaaraparidhiyilaanu. punasthaapikkapettathil sthaapichirikkunna oru vyaavasaayika tribunal, oru tribunal dii instans, oru adhikaraparidhi ennivayude athirthikalumaayi yojikkunna oru adhikaaraparidhiyude aasthaanamaanithu. 2007ll aarambhicha judicial bhoopadatthinte parishkaranatthode nagarathinu athinte vaanijya kodathi nashtappedukayum athu dauvaayiyumaayi bandhappettirikkukayum cheythu.
paristhithi nayam.
2010 muthal, nagaratthinte paristhithi nayam vaayikkaan prayaasamaanennu thonnunnu mayer offeesil paristhithikkaayi oru dayaraktarettu undengilum saitt oru vivaravum nalkunnathil paraajayappedunnu.
paristhithi nayam paristhithi nayatthinte kazhivukalilonnanu.
anthaaraashtra bandhangal.
cambray erattakalaana
janasamkhyayum samoohavum.
janasamkhyaashaasthram.
2018ll kammyoonil 32,501 nivaasikalundaayirunnu. 
2018ll kaambraayiyude arban yoonittil (yoonit arbaine) 46,772 nivaasikalum nagarapradeshathu (eyar arbaine) 94,576 nivaasikalumaan undaayirunnathu. janasamkhya kuranja mattu pradeshangalil cambray oru pradhana nagaramayirikkum, ennaal janasaandrathayum nagaravalkkaranavumulla nord-paas-dii-kalaisil, nagravum athinte praanthapradeshangalum lillie (<aii. dii. 1> nivaasikal), duvaay-lense (552,682), valencians (399,677), dankirkk (265,974), moubyoog (125,000) ennivayekkaal valare pinnilaanu.
noottaandukalaayi kaambraayiyile janasamkhyayil cheria vardhanayundaayi pathinanjaam noottaandil 10,000 athmaakkal ennu kanakkaakkappedunna oru memmoraandam oof insentant prakaram, 1698-ll 12,000 aayi "valare kuranju" ennu visheshippichu. viplavathinte avasaanathil, 1801-ll, athu ekadesham 15,000 nivaasikal mathramaayirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil udaneelam ithu pathukke ennaal kramanugathamaayi vardhichu, irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil motham idivu fraansile matellaa sthalangaleyum pole janananirakkum kuranju. athesamayam, sisumarananirakku uyarnna nilayilayi (1900-ll <aii. dii. 1>, yudhathinte thalennu <aii. dii. 2>), ithu kuranja swaabhaavika valarchaye vishadeekarikkunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathinum avasaanathinum thudakkathinum idayil (trent glorius), swaabhaavika vardhanavu (bebi boomerukalum sisumarananirakkil kuthane idivum), grameena palayanam ennivayiloode janasamkhyaa valarcha athivegam punaraarambhichu, ithu avarude janasamkhyayude (bhaagikamaayi) cambray pattanathilekkulla graamangale pathukke shoonyamaakki. ennirunnaalum, eee chalanathmakatha 1968 muthal nilachathinte lakshanagal kaanichu vaasthavathil, jolikalude purogathi (+ 27.5% 1952 muthal 1975 vare) janasamkhyayude (+ 44.2%) purogathiye pinthudarnnilla.
pinthudarnnilla enna prathisandhiyiloode eee vakrarekha krooramaayi thirichupoyi. thirichupoyi sensus prakaram nagaratthile janasamkhya kuranju, kuranju positteev ayirunna motham kudiyettam negatteevu aayi, athesamayam positteev aayi thudarunna swaabhaavika santhulithaavastha churungunnu. niravadhi parambaraagatha pravartthanangal (choklettu uthppaadanam, madyanirmmaanashaala, chikkori, neythu, lohashaasthram muthalaayava) aprathyakshamaayi.), aayirakkanakkin jolikale prathinidheekarikkunnu.
praaya ghadana.
chuvadeyulla graphics 2017 leeii cambray communileyum nord departmentileyum janasamkhyayude praaya ghadanaye prathinidheekarikkunnu. cambrayile janasamkhya thaarathamyena pazhayathaanu, ithu bhaagikamaayi <aii. dii. 1> vayass praayaparidhiyilullavarude uyarnna praathinidhyam nalkunnu.
janasamkhyayude vitharanam.
2017ll franch sharaashariyumaayi (16.3%) maanejarmaarudeyum uyarnna boudhika professionalukaludeyum (10.0%) praathinidhyam kuravaanennum thirichum maanuval thozhilaallikaludeyum (21.5% neey apekshichu 28.3%) jeevanakkaarudeyum (28.5% neey apekshichu 30.2%) anupaathathil alpam kooduthalaanennum kaambraayiyude (joliyil 15 vayaso athil kooduthalo praayamulla sajeeva janasamkhya) janasamkhyaa vitharanam kaanichu. ithinte anupatham kuravaanu (24.8% nuu pakaram 22.8%). swaabhaavikamaayum karshakarude sathamaanam cambraayil (0.20%) kuravaanu.
padanatthil cheraatha 15 vayassinu mukalilulla janasamkhyayude vitharanam 2017 ll metropolittan fraansinekkaal kuranja vidyaabhyaasa nirakk kaanichu, ettavum pradhanamaayi uyarnna thalangalil (baachaloriyett allengil baaku + 5 varshathe patanam).
vidyaabhyaasam.
nord, lillie akkadami ennivaye aashrayich moonnu jillakalaayi (cambray-north, cambray-southu, cambray-leeii kattiyo) vibhajichirikkunna pariseelana samuchayathinte aasthaanamaanu cambray.
schoolukal.
panthrandum pathinonnum nagarangalaanu bharikkunath.
jools-ferry, fenalon, lamartin, pooll-dues ennee naalu karyangal eee vakupp kaikaaryam cheiyunnu.
nord-paas-dii-kalais mekhala naalu pravartthanangal nadathunnu fenalon, pooll-dues, vokkeshanal luis dii bettignees, luis-bleriyat. 2009 septambaril layippicha moonnu muun swakaarya skoolukalaaya koleju jeane dii arck, instityooshan notter daam dii grays (koleju, haiskool oof general aandu technological ejyukkeshan), vokkeshanal haiskool laa sagrez ennivaye orumichu konduvarunna sent-lukkinte koottamaaya oru swakaarya sthaapanavum kaambraaykkund.
sarvakalaashaala jeevitam.
valencians sarvakalashaalayudeyum hainaut-cambressis (uvhc), lillie-2 ennivayude rund shaakhakal cambrike undu.
uvhc aantina pathinonnu diplomakal thayyarakkunnu, athil dute, aii. yuu. pii, maasttar proo, professional licensukal ("saamskaarika pravartthanangalum paithrukathinte prachaaranavum", "puraavasthushaasthrathinte vyaapaarangalum" ulppede), licensukal enniva ulppedunnu.
lillie-2-nte shaakha "mend droit" allengil "mend economic aandu soshyal administration" enna licenses moonnu professional licensukalum nedaan thayyaaredukkunnu cherukida-idatharam bisinasukalude maanejmentinum charakkukalude gathaagathathinum suraksha thozhilukalkkum.
avasaanamaayi, catholica padippikkal. seyint luke dii cambray muzhuvanum bac + 1 muthal bac + 5 vare unnatha vidyaabhyaasathinte (suuppar ejessi) kendramaayirunnu bii. tii. ezz opttishyan, bii. tii. ezz insurance, enn. aarr. sii, myook, eiii. jii, eiii. emm., rund professional licensukal ("ooppareshan maarkkatting maanejar", "kandeenjansi insurance aandu maanejment oof goods"), oduvil "samrambhakathva thanthrathinteyum maanejmentinteyum" oru professional maasttar, samrambhakarkkayi thurannu.
500 oolam vidyaarthikal alternation, laining allengil school trackilulla supesajesse oru boarding school ulkkollunna oru yadhaartha sitti sentar kaambasaanu.
kaambraayiyile unnatha vidyaabhyaasathinte mattu sthaapanangal instittyoott oof nazhsing ejyukkeshanaanu.
ippol lammer millinte udamakalum bristtarile curetermaarumaanu kaambraayiyile ekkol dess beaux aartsinte poorvva vidyaarthikalil merii-aan, ludovic bellevel ennivar.
saamskaarika paripaadikalum aakhoshangalum.
august juulai nadakkunna saamudaayika utsavamaaya cambray janapriyamaaya praadeshika jeevithathinte pradhana aakarshanangalilonnaan. eee mahathaaya utsavam (allengil) "plays dii ell hotel dii ville" [sitti haal square] yill patthu divasam neendunilkkunnu. agastha 15-aamm theeyathi bheemanmaarude parambaraagatha paredu, nagaratthinte chinnangal, vedikkettu pradarshanam ennivayaal viraamamidunnu. trinity njaayaraazhchayude pittennu nadanna oru ghoshayaatrayaaya eee utsavam 1220 muthal aarambikkunnu. kaalakramena ithu vedikkettu, virunnu, kuthirappada ennivayaal alankarikkappedukayum kaambrisisinte ezhu athbhuthangalil onnaayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheythu. noottaandukalaayi utsavam maari, samakaalikarude aashankakale prathifalippikkunnu fransumaayulla aduppam kaaranam, august 15 nuu ithu aaghoshikkappettu, bhaavanayude utsavam, raajyam kanyakaykku samarppikkanamenna luis pathinaaraamante aagrahathin marupadiyaayi; 1790 ll ithu manushyante avakaashangalude prakhyapanavum fette dii laa federation aakhoshichu; 1802 ll, konkordaattinte oppode, ouvar lady oof gracinte chithram veendum ghoshayaathrayil vahikkukayum fenaloninte prathima shakthippeduthukayum cheythu. aadya saamraajyathinte keezhil athu addehathinte saamraajyathva mahathvam aakhoshicha nepolian onnaaman. pathonpathaam noottaandil, oduvil, thalpparyangal praadeshika jeevithathilekkum shaasthrathinteyum vyavasaayathinteyum purogathiyilekkum maari.
samgeethaparamaayi cambray pattanatthinu rund uthsavangal labhikkunnu. onnamathaayi, "juventus" classical sangeetha utsavam. yuvantas association yuva europian solosttukale adayaalappeduthunnu. avar athu sweekarikkukayaanenkil, oru juventus uthsavathile avarude aadya pankaalitthatthil "juventus vijayikale" niyamikkunnu. ellah venalkkaalathum pazhayavarum puthumukhangalum asaadhaaranamaaya saahacharyangalil chamber sangeetha kacherikal thayyarakkan utsavathil randaazhchathekku othukoodunnu. "1991ll arck-ettu-senancile royal saltworkkukalil sthaapithamaaya "juventus" 1998 muthal departmentinte general kaunsilinte sahaayathode cambraayil sajjeekarichu. athesamayam, 2003 muthal samghadippikkunna oru badal sangeetha uthsavamaanith. ithu epril maasathilaanu samghadippikkunnathu. "madhyakaalakhattathe prathinidheekarikkunna oru theruvu paripaadiyaanu less pheodels. pheodels avasana pathipp nadannathu.
traatt duu nord" enna kuthira inam yooniyante deseeya aasthaanamaanu cambray sitti haal. parambaraagathamaayi juulai avasana vaaraanthyathil palays dess grotsilaanu trettu duu nord deseeya malsaram nadakkunnathu. eee inathile varenyavarggakkaare orumichu konduvannu, fraansile ettavum pradhanappetta utsava avatharanamaaya draaft kuthirakalude oru inamaaya "plays dii ell hotel dii ville" yill njaayarazhcha uchathirinju oru valia paredode avasaanikkunnu.
aarogyam.
praadeshika, deseeya sharaashariyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol cambraayil medical saandrata valare mikachathaanu. oru koottam samoohathil 1,000 nivaasikalkk 2,4 general praakteeshanarmaarum (nord paas-dii-kalais mekhalayum metropolittan france 1.65) 1,000 nivaasikalkk 1.98 specialist doctormaarum (mekhala 1.39, metropolittan franza 1.74) undu.
pavappettavareyum rogikaleyum paarppichirunna sent juuliyan ashupatri 1070ll sthaapithamaayi. innu ithu munisippal theaterinu sameepamulla oru chappalaayi thudarunnu. thudarnnulla noottaandukalil, mattu aashupathrikal sthaapikkappettu kushtarogikalkkayulla seyint-lazare ashupatri, charitte ashupatri, seyint-jeane ashupatri, theerthaadakare swaagatham cheiyunnathinulla seyint jackwus ooo bois ashupatri, prayamaayavar, yachakar, paarshwalkkarikkappettavar ennivare ulkkollunnathinayi 1752 ll sthaapithamaaya laa chaaritteyude general hospi.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham oru aadhunika ashupatri nirmmikkaan vibhavanam cheythu.
kaambraayiyile central ashupathriyil 770 kidakkakalum 108 seettukalumaan ullathu. 150 udyogastharulla oru staafum 1,200 perr adangunna vaidyethara staafum ulla eee sthaapanathil idatharam, deerghakaalam thamasikkaan, prasavavadhi (1982), saikyatri (1983-1884) rogikalkkaayi moonnu anubandha kettidangal neekkivachittundu. 1967ll oru nazhsing pariseelana sthaapanam thurannu.
nilavile sthalathinte nirmmaanam 1959ll aarambhichu, aarambhichu 1966num idayil rogikale sthaapichu. 2007ll central hospital aadunikavalkkarikkunnathinum vipuleekarikkunnathinumalla pravartthanangal aarambhichu.
purappedalum "ettavum surakshithamaaya aashupathrikalude" sammana pattikayil cambrayile central ashupatri deseeya rankingle 11-aamm sthaanathaanu.
sambraayil moonnu swakaarya klinikkukalundu seyint-merii clinic, seyint-roach clinic, cambressis clinic.
sports.
fraansile vanita feeld hockey chaambyanshippil kalikkunnathum athupole thanne leagil (randaam division) kalikkunna team ulppede nooriladhikam klabbukaloo kaayika associationukalo kaambraaykkund, ithu leeii cambressisinte eaka professional klabbaanu.
aarr jimneshyangal, 2008ll liberty neenthal kendram punarnirmmikkukayum veendum thurakkukayum cheytha rund neenthalkkulangal, neenthalkkulangal 1581num idayil nirmmicha aarsanal dii balagni, 1967ll sainyam upekshikkukayum pinneedu jiim, oru ozhivusamaya kendram, oru hockey stadium, oru rugby stadium, essy kaambraayiyude aasthaanamaaya liberty stadium ulppede niravadhi football pichukal ennivayulppede niravadhi soukaryangal ithil ulppedunnu.
union nauttik dii cambray" enna peril oru roying club kaambraaykkund. roying franch chaambyanshippil club pathivayi pankedukkunnundu. 2000-kalude thudakkathil, athile vanita team amgangaliloraal loka chaambyanshippil idam nedi. annumuthal, club puthukkiya team amgangale, prathyekichu yuvaakkale adisthaanamaakki oru puthiya saikkil aarambikkunna ghattathilaanu.
ellah varshavum, vadakkan fraansil ninnulla clubbukal 1000 meter doorathil sprint-resukalkkaayi othukoodunna cambrayile regaattakalude aasthaanamaanu eee club.
cambray, dauyi pradeshangalil parambaraagathamaayi eee kalii parisheelikkappedunnu.
parisheelikkappedunnu touur dii fraansinte naalam ghattathilekkulla purappedalum purappedalum touur dii fraansile naalam ghattathilekkulla purappedalum cambraayiyaayirunnu. 2015 juulai 7 nuu sereyingil ninnulla oru roottiloode touur dii fraansil naalam ghattatthinte avasaanathinu cambray aathidheyathvam vahichu.
2010ll, "ell 'ekwip" enna pathram pathram nivaasikalulla fraansile ettavum sporty nagarangalil onnaaya cambrai sthaanam nalki, koodaathe loriyant, colmer, aantibikkukal, tarbukal ennivayum. bhinnasheshikkaarkk kaayika enangal labhyamaakkiyathin nagarathinu "sports aandu disability" enna prathyeka sammanam nalki.
maadyamangal.
laa voix duu nord" praadeshika dinapathram oru praadeshika pathipp prasidheekarikkunnu. ell obsarvettar duu cambressis" oru prathivaara praadeshika varthayum prakhyaapanavumaan. munisippal pathramaya "leeii cambressian" nagaratthile ellah meyil boxukalilum vitharanam cheyyappedunnu.
kaudriyil ninnu paripaadikal prakshepanam cheiyunna community radio steshanaaya radio bii. ell. sii. sevanam nalkunna pradeshatthinte bhagamaanu cambray. cambrai nivaasikalkk chila deseeya radio steshanukalkku purame france blue nord, cherry efm cambray, rfm nord ennivayude paripaadikalum undu.
france 3 nordinteyum deseeya dii. tii. tii chaanalukaludeyum paripaadikal eee nagaratthe ulkkollunnu. praadeshika chanalum ithinu labhichu. praadeshika vivarangalkkayi neekkivachirikkunna "kaambraayiyude <aii. dii. 1>" enna oru web tivi chaanalaan ooksijan tivi.
aaradhana.
kaambraayiyile janangalkk catholica, protestant, musleem aaraadhanaalayangalundu.
2008 march 29 muthal lilleyile oru catholica aarch bishappinte aasthaanamaanu cambray. athuvare, cambray athiroopatha metropolittan athiroopathayaayum lille, araz enniva athinte votermaaraayum ullathinte vipareeta saahacharyamaayirunnu athu. cambray athiroopathayil cambray, valencians, avesness-surr-help ennivayude arontismentukal ulppedunnu. kaambraayiyile deanary 13 pallikale rund edavakakalaayi tharamthirickunnu ouvar lady oof grays, sent vaast-seyint jerry.
fraansile parishkaricha sabhayude oru edavaka ullathupole, snapana samoohathil oru suvisheshaka snapana sabhayundu.
kombraayiyude morocan saamskaarika, matha samghadanayaanu escoudaininte alle mohsinin palli niyanthrikkunnath.
2010-nte thudakkathil cambraayil sinagog undaayirunnilla.
sambadghadana.
cambrayiyaanu aasthaanam. 2007 eprilil chamber oof komezhs aandu industriyumaayi layippikkaan theerumaanichu, eee theerumaanam 2007 october 4 nuu chamber oof komezhs aandu industry melnotta mantraalayam chodyam cheythu.
2012-ll aasoothrithamaaya adachupoottalinte falamaayi, cambrai cambrisisineyum 2010 januvari 1 muthal 2012 desember 31 vare swatantra mekhalayaaya "prathirodha punasamghadanayude mekhala" yill tharamthirickunnu, ithu nikuthi, saamoohika suraksha elavukal srishtikkaanum pariharikkanum vikasippikkaanum samrambhangale anuvadikkunnu.
saambathika charithram.
madhyakaalakhattathil thanne cambray pradhaanamaayum daanyangalum kambiliyum uthppaadippikkunna oru kaarshika vipaniyum neythu kendravumaayirunnu (sheettukal, kambili, thuni, linan, shiphon). eee eratta vesham valarekkalam nilanilkkum. pathimoonnaam noottaandinte avasaanathode vasthradhaaranam kuranjuvenkilum pathinezhaam noottaandil athinte ettavum valia pravanatha anubhavicha nagaratthinte savisheshathayaaya baattiste athine maatti. adutha noottaandil uthppaadanam kuranjuvenkilum 1775ll 58,000 baattistukal cambrike adayaalappeduthiyirunnu.
yudhangalum britiish uparodhavum kaaranam aadya saamraajyathinte keezhil saambathika pravartthanangal kuranju. pathonpathaam noottaandil, 1848ll 2,546 thozhilaallikalum purushanmaarum sthreekalum kuttikalum ulppetta thuni vyavasaayam nagaratthinte pradhana pravartthanamaayi thudarnnu. sopp, shudheekaricha kadal uppu thudangiya mattu uthppannangalumayi baattiste kaambraayiyude vyaapaarathinte bhooribhaagavum nadatthi. bhakshya vyavasaayam valarnnu brassery, chikkori; 1850-laanu bettis dii cambray kandupidichathu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil, prathyekichu ayalkkaarumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol, nagaram vyavasaayavalkkarikkappettu. shuchithvathino sthalakkuravino vendi munisippal udyogasthar palappozhum puthiya faaktarikal sthaapikkaan visammathichirunnu. 1872ll jools linard escoudwaras pattanatthinte pradeshathu sukrari central dii cambray srishtichu. ennirunnaalum, 1886 leeii sensus prakaram, vyavasaayam 9,000-thiladhikam aalukale pinthunaykkunnu, athesamayam krishi paramavadhi 2,000 pere maathrame upayogichulloo. nagaram pradhaanamaayum athinte vaanijyaparamaaya pravartthanam vikasippichu irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil cambraayil ninnulla baank oof fraansinte shaakha fraansil 12-aamm sthaanathaayirunnu, naisinum toolousinum munbu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham punarnirmmaanam kettida vyavasaayathe uthejippichu. 1950 muthal puthiya samrambhangal srishtikkappettu hossiery, mechanics, marappani ennivayil aayirakkanakkin aalukal jolie cheythu, athesamayam parambaraagatha uthppaadanam aprathyakshamaakukayaayirunu chikkori, choklettu, brewery, neythu. neythu saambathika prathisandhi thozhil saahacharyathe saaramaayi thakarthu.
kadakalum vyaapaarasthaapanangalum.
eee samuchayathil naalu mekhalakalum pravartthana paarkkukalum undu
kaambraayiyude sambadvyavastha naalu sthambhangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu
kaambraayiyile central ashupatri, cambray kammyoon, auchaan, less paappilons blanks, cora, thaani (rasathanthram, rubber, plaastik), kompagni dess enchranejas ettu reductures messian darrand (mechanical upakaranangal), departmental fayar aandu rescue sarvees enniva 2008 ll pattanatthile ettu pradhana thozhiludamakalaayirunnu.
kaazhchappaadukal.
2016ll kammeeshan cheyyaan uddeshikkunna bhaaviyile saine-sheld link innu nagaratthinum cambray pradeshathinum saambathika vikasanathinte ettavum prateeksha nalkunna gadakangalilonnaanu. europian logistics, vitharana kendrangal, kaarshika bhakshya vyavasaayangal ennivaykku aathidheyathvam vahikkunnathin cambrike padinjaarum athinusheshavumulla maarkviyoninte pravartthanangalude multimodal plaattphom upayogikkanam.
janasamkhyayude varumaanavum nikuthiyum.
2009ll, sharashari 15,302 euro aayirunnu, ithu metropolittan fraansile 50 ladhikam veedukalulla 31,604 kammyoonukalil 25,917-aamm sthaanathaanu cambray.
2008ll 263 cambray nikuthi kudumbangal sambathinu melulla aikyadaartyam nikuthiyum sharashari sambathu €1 dashalakshathinum sharashari nikuthi thuka 5,017 euroic nadappaakki.
thozhil.
2017 leeii sensus phalangal anusarichu, kammyoonile 15 vious athil kooduthalumulla saambathikamaayi sajeevamaaya janasamkhyayil 14,454 perr ulppedunnu, 24.3% thozhillaathavaraayirunnu (franza 13.9%).
pravartthana mekhala anusarichu thozhilavasarangalude vitharanam moonnaam mekhalayude pradhana bharam (ekadesham 90 sathamaanam) kaanikkunnu. chuttumulla graamapradeshangalkkaayi kammyoonil bharana, vaanijya kendram vahikkunna punk eee vitharanam prathifalippikkunnu.
saamoohika-professional vibhagangal vazhi thozhilukalude vitharanam "executiveukaludeyum boudhika thozhilukaludeyum" "karshakarudeyum" praathinidhyam kuravaanennum "idanila thozhilukaludeyum" "jeevanakkaarudeyum" amita praathinidhyam kaanikkunnu.
jolisthalathekkulla yathrakal kooduthalum kaarilaan (75.9%, france 70.5%), pothugathaagathatthinte bharam kuravaanennu oraalkk sradhikkaam (fraansile sharashari 15.1% neey apekshichu 5.8%).
praadeshika samskaaravum paithrukavum.
franch sartorial paithrikam.
eee nagaram mulkvinaryude oru pradhana kendramaayirunnu.
sthalangalum smaarakangalum.
kaambraayiyude smaaraka paithrukathinte valiyoru bhagam noottaandukalaayi aprathyakshamaayi. 1543ll gothik shailiyilulla abbe seyint-gerry nasippikkaan utharavitta mondu-dess-buffsil oru kotta nirmmikkunnathinayi aadyam chaals vii aayirunnu.
franch viplavakaalath pattanatthile ellah mathaparamaya kettidangalum deseeya swathaayi vilkkukayum pazhaya cathedral ulppede nasippikkukayum cheythu. naalu pallikal, parivartthanam cheytha oru melkoora, oru ashupatri, yukthiyude kshethram, oru jayil enniva maathramaan rakshappettath.
1894 muthal kottakal polichuneekkiyathu niravadhi kavaadangal aprathyakshamaakaan kaaranamaayi. nagaratthinte anukarana samoohathinte edapedalukal kaaranam chilath samrakshikkappettittund.
onnaam lokamahaayudham veendum ganyamaaya naashathinu kaaranamaayi, 1918 septambaril pinmaarunnathinumbu jarmman sainyam nagarakendrathe durbalappeduthukayum kathikkukayum cheythu. viplavathinu munbu aarkkidekttukalaaya jackwus denis aantoyin, nicolas-henry jardine ennivar neoclassical shailiyil punarnirmmicha sitti haal ulppede motham 1,214 kettidangal nasippikkappettu.
oduvil randaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathil, 1944 eprilil, thudarnnu veendum meyy maasathil, joolaiyilum august 11 vare cambrai sakhyakakshikalude bombaakramanangalkk vidheyamaayi. motham kettidangalil 55 sathamaanavum kanatha kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum 13 sathamaanam poornnamaayum nasippikkappedukayum cheythu.
eee ganyamaaya naashanashtangalkkidayilum, nagaram oru pradhana smaaraka paithrikam nilanirtthi. eee abhimaanakaramaaya label nediya nord departmentinte aadya pattanamaya cambrai 1992 muthal kalayudeyum charithrathinteyum nagaramaayi tharamthirichittundu.
mathaparamaya paithrikam.
1703ll akkaalathe classical shailiyil vishudha kallarayude abbe palliyayi ouvar lady oof grays cathedral poortthiyaayi. 1794 muthal franch viplavathinte prakshubdhathaye athijeevicha palli, 1789 leeii viplavathinu sesham 12-aamm noottaandile prashamsaneeyamaaya gothik cathedral nasippikkappettu. muun kettidatthinte ippozhathe "plays fenalonil" oru soochanayum illa. 1801ll bishop luis belmas muun abbe palliye puthiya cathedralaayi sweekarichu.
shilpi david dii 'aamgezhsinte maastarpeesaaya fenaloninte smaaraka shavakudeeravum "ell' aikkan notter daam dii grass" [ouvar lady oof gracinte aikkan] ulla semitraanseptukalum aantverppinte geerarttukalude ombathu prashastha grisailukalum eee apsil adangiyirikkunnu. 1897ll house oof ixellus aanu eee valia avayavangal nirmmichathu. onnaam lokamahaayudha sambhavangalethudarnnu, 3,670 paippukalulla nilavile upakaranathe 49 stoppukalilekku konduvanna oorgan builder auguste kanvers vipulamaaya punarudhaarana pravartthanangal nadatthi. 1906 august 9 nuu charitra smaarakangalude pattikayil eee kettidatthe tharamthirichu.
1692ll poortthiyaaya jesuit chaappalinte koleju ennu saadhaaranayaayi vilikkappedunna paareesinu vadakkulla fraansile barok kalayude savisheshamaaya udaaharanamaanu. 1794ll aduthulla viplava kodathiyude jayilayi pravarthicha eee chaappal 1920 epril epril charitra smaarakangalude pattikayil ulppeduthi.
1919 november 26 muthal pattikappedutthiya charitra smarakamaaya eee smaarakam kaambraayiyile ettavum pazhaya smaarakangalilonnaanu. cambray thaddesheeya gaspard marsey kothiyeduttha polychromatic marble sradheyamaaya oru gaayaka screen 1616 muthal peettar pooll rubens nirmmicha "laa maise aou tombue" yum ithil adangiyirikkunnu. 1867 ll merclin nirmmicha mahathaaya avayavangal 1978 ll kaaryamaaya parivarthanatthinu vidheyamaayirunnu. nilavile upakaranathinu 41 stoppukalundu. naalu varshathinide (2011-2015) munvashavum melkkoora punasthaapikkunna vishayamaan eee palli.
kaambraayiyile mattu kettidangalum charitra smarakangalaayi tharamthirikkukayo pattikappedutthukayo cheythittundu. aadyathethu 1943 march 2 muthal rajisttar cheyyappedukayum 1949 muthal charitra smarakangalaayi tharamthirikkappedukayum cheythu.
sainika paithrikam.
kotta pathonpathaam noottaandil athu thakarkkappettenkilum, chaals vii kotta innu kuzhichittirikkunna kaundar-mine gaalarikal nilanirtthi; 1932 epril 14 nuu charitra smaarakangalude pattikayil tharamthiricha rajakeeya kavaadavum drobridge, rund kaavalshaalakaludeyum pathinaram noottaandile oru aayudhappurayudeyum pinbhaagathu. thudarnnulla sambhavavikasangalil, oru podi maasika, udyogastharkkulla paarppidam, pathonpathaam noottaandile "bomb proof" baarakkukal ennivayum sradheyamaanu.
pathinonnam noottaandil nirmmicha oru pazhaya kottakettya chaattoyaan ithu. orikkal eee guhayile vellathaal ottappettappol, athu athinte gopurangalum mathilukalum prathyekichu kuzhichitta naalangalum nilanirtthi. kaundu-bishappinte utharavanusarichu thadavukaarude nirashaye saakshyappeduthunna niravadhi graafittikal eee nalakalil ulppedunnu.
(pathinalam noottaandinte avasaanam), (pathinezhaam noottaand), (allengil vishudha-chakravarty), kaudron (pathinanjaam noottaandinte aadya pakuthi), (pathinaram noottaand) ennivayaanu madhyakala chuvarukalude avashishtangal.
poura paithrikam.
munbu sent martin palliyude bell tower aayirunnu. pathinanjaam noottaandil nirmmicha eee smaarakam 1550ll kaambraayiyude oru belfriyaayi maari. 1965 juulai juulai charitra smaarakangalude pattikayil tharamthiricha 2005ll belfreeyude vaasthuvidyaykkum europile munisippal shakthiyude charithratthile praadhaanyathinum amgeekaaramaayi belfree france saittum yuneskoyude loka paithruka pattikayil ulppeduthi.
1932ll naveekaricha sitti haal, oru gambheeramaaya greak shailiyilulla munvashath thurakkunnu, oru bell tower mukalil, bheeman, moorish tharatthilulla rund venkala bell ringerukal, valia gadikaarathinu mukalilulla oru valia maniyil manikorukal adikkunnu, nagaratthinte samrakshakar. vivaha haalil chuvarchithrangalude oru parambarayundu, abhyarthana prakaram sandarshikkaam.
1994ll ganyamaayi vipuleekarikkukayum naveekarikkukayum cheytha hotel dii frankvilleyude (pathinettaam noottaand) sambannamaaya shekharangal undu. pathinezhaam noottaandinte avasaanathil undaayirunnathupole nagaratthinte durithaashwaasa bhoopadamaanu nagaratthile avashya guided toorukalude arambham.
1595 muthalulla tourist offeesinte aasthaanamaaya "maisan espagonol" [spanish house], praadeshika shailiyilulla theruvil pakuthi maram kondu nirmmichathum gable cheythathumaaya avasana veedaanu. pathonpathaam noottaandil athinte munvashathe alankaricha ookku shilpangal (chimerakalum kaaryaattidukalum) gurutharamaaya punarudhaaranatthinu vidheyamaaya sesham onnaam nilayil thurannukaattappedunnu. oraalkk athinte madhyakala nilavarakal sandarshikkaam. 1920 august august eee kettidatthe charitra smaarakangalude pattikayil ulppeduthiyittundu.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham nirmmicha cover maarkkat sajeevamaaya less halls maarkkat divasangalude aasthaanamaanu.
mattu madhyakala nagarangalilennapole nagaratthinte madhyabhaagathinu thazheyaayi vyaapichukidakkunna bhoogarbha pradesham pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathilum irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum paryavekshanam cheyyappettu. velutha chokkil kothiyeduttha gaalarikal, romanesk, gothik nilavarakal enniva ithil ulppedunnu. kinarukalum prathimakalkkulla edangalum undu. eee khananagal nirmmaana saamagrikal verthirichedukkunnathinu kwaarikalaayum chunnaambinu kallaa pravarthichittundu [bhoogarbha kwaarikal] adithattil aazhathilum veethiyilum ulla vipareeta kuzhalkkinarukalaanu. 1944 vare eee bhoogarbha sthalam uparodham, adhinivesham allengil bombing ennivaykkide abhayakendrangalkkum kashukalkkum upayogichirunnu. avarude theeyathi anishchithathvathilaanu eee khananangalil chilath roman kaalaghattatthil kothiyeduthathaanennu asaadhyamalla, pakshe aavasyangalkkanusarichu avaa deerghakaalathekku akalam paalichirikkaam. tourist offeesaanu toorukal samghadippikkunnathu.
smaaraka paithrikam.
root dii solsemus", cambray eest milittari semiteri ennivayude jarmman milittari semiteriyum "root dii solsemus" ennivayum 1917 maarchil jarmman sainyam srishtichu. 1914 muthal kaivashappedutthiya cambray, thaamasakkaarante command, logistics, aarogyam ennivayude oru pradhana kendramaayirunnu. araz yudhathinteyum (1917 epril-meyy) cambray yudhathinteyum (1917 november-desember) avasaanavum ulppede nagaratthile aashupathrikalil maricha sainikarude mrithadehangal ulkkollunnathinayi semiteri thurannu. semitheriyil nilavil 10,685 jarmman shavakudeerangalum 192 russian yudhathadavukaarum aarr romakkarum undu. cambray eest milittari semitheriyaayi roopappedunna rund sthalangalil britiish saamraajyathva sainyathile 501 sainikarude shavakudeerangalundu.
paristhithi paithrikam.
nagarangaludeyum graamangaludeyum phoral malsarathil "fraansile pushpanagarangaludeyum graamangaludeyum deseeya kaunsil" nalkunna moonnu pookkalulla "pushpa nagaram" enna label kaambraaykkund.
nilavile pothu udyaanathinte thudakkam pathonpathaam noottaandil ninnaan, ithu shuchithvathe prolsaahippikkunnathi madhyathil pachappu niranja edangal srishtikkukayum kottakal kaivashappedutthiya pradeshangalkk purame swathanthramaakkukayum cheythu. moonnu vyathyasthavum ennaal aduthullathumaaya bhagangalaayi thirichirikkunna eee poonthottam chaals vii. yude keezhil nirmmicha kottaye chuttipattiyulla pazhaya kottakalude sthalathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.
eee poonthottangalkkum prathyekichu avayude prathimakalkum rund lokamahaayudhangal moolam kedupaadukal sambhavichu. 1972-ll, "palays dess grots" [guhakalude bhavanam] ennu peritta oru aadhunika haal, pradarshanangal, vyapara melakal, kacherikal enniva samghadippikkukayum athe perilulla poonthottatthinte madhyathil nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
mattu chila chathurangalo poonthottangalo kaambraayiyude pachappu edangalkku poorakamaanu purathana metropolisinte saittil baarillett-deshaambukalude roopakalppanaykku 1861 ll sthaapithamaaya fenelon square, 1864 ll oru jaladhara upayogichu alankarikkukayum cheythu, ithu 1911 muthalulla "plays marsellin berthalot" aanu. ithu athe varsham muthalulla chaatto dii seyilsinte chuvarukalude chuvattilaanu. 1954 muthalulla aarkvetts gopurangalilonnu poortthiyaakkaan marangalum pookkalum natta vazhikalum boulevaardukalum cambrai oru "pacha" nagaramakki maattunnu.
saamskaarika paithrikam.
viplavakaramaaya pidichedukkalukal avatharippikkunnathinaayi 1847-ll thuranna musey dess beaux-arts dii cambray, 1893 muthal pathinettaam noottaandile oru bhavanamaaya hotel dii frankvilleyil sthaapichittundu. 1994ll naveekaricha ithinu moonnu vakuppukalundu (puraavasthushaasthram, phine arts, kaambraayiyude paithrikam) athil ettavum pradhanam kalayaanu. pathinezhaam noottaandile flemish, dutch paintingukalum pathonpathaam noottaandileyum irupathaam noottaandileyum franch kalakaaranmaarum ithil avatharippikkunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyile jyaamitheeya amoorthathakalude oru shekharam avatharippikkanum sameepakaalathe oru sambhavana athine anuvadichu.
1975ll pothujanangalkkayi adachupoottiyenkilum diosession museum oof hoolid art ippozhum audyogikamaayi "musey dii france" enna label nilanirthunnu. eee swakaarya museum niyanthrikkunnath roopathayaanu, ithu shekharangal pothujanangalkkayi veendum thurakkaanulla vazhikal thedunnu. eee shekharathile vasthukkal thaalkkaalika pradarshanangalkkulla vaaypa vishayamaayirikkam, koodaathe cambray nagaratthile puraavastu khananangalil ninnulla vasthukkal, vasthuvidyaa gadakangal, shilpangal, paintingukal, aabharanangal, aradhana aabharanangal enniva ulppedunnu. 1926ll kaambraayiyile aarch bishop monsaignar roopathayude aarkkaivukalum chalikkavunna paithrukavum shekharikkaanum samrakshikkanum lakshyamit mathacharithrathinteyum vishudha kalayudeyum oru kammeeshan sthaapichathodeyaanu eee myoosiyathinte charithram aarambhichath. canon siril thelees sekrattariyaayi. 1958-ll roopathayil ninnulla niravadhi mathaparamaya vasthukkal orumichu shekharikkukayum fraansil thuranna aadyathe mathaparamaya art myoosiyamaaya diosession museum thelees sthaapikkukayum cheythu. grand seminariyude muun chaappalilaan museum sthaapichathu.
onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu nasippikkappetta pathinaram noottaandile oru chaappalinte sthalathu 1924 ll aarkkitekt nirmmichathaanu thiyettar dii cambray. 1999ll punaradhivasam etteduthappol 25 varshamaayi eee chaappal upekshikkappettirunnu. 2003ll naveekaricha thiyettar udghaadanam cheyyappettu. 700 seettukalulla oru itaaliyan theateraanith, ithu "sains maitoyennes" [sameepa gattangal] association [aduthulla gattangal] association ulppede vividha paripaadikalkk aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu.
pothu udyaanathil sthithi cheiyunna "palays dess grots" (guhakalkkulla bhavanam), 1,500 perkku irikkaavunna oru valia vividhodheshya haalaan, koodaathe kacherikal, melakal allengil pradarshanangal enniva ulkkollaan kazhiyum. 1974ll annathe noothana saankethikavidyakal upayogichaanu hyperbolic paraboloid (allengil "saddle") roopappeduthiya athinte sradheyamaaya melkoora aakruthi nirmmikkappettath, koodaathe irupathaam noottaandile vaasthuvidyayude oru konkreett roopavum ithu pradarshippikkunnu.
media library oru classified munisippal libraryaanu viplava kaalaghattatthil pidichedutthathu muthal nagaratthil valare pradhanappetta matha samoohangalkkum pradeshathe kudiyettakkaarkkum 956 kayyezhuthuprathikallu oru pradhana pazhaya fondukal ivideyundu, ezhaam noottaandilethaanu ettavum pazhayath. eee nanayangal pinneedu sammanangal, swathukkal, vaangalukal ennivayaal sambannamaayi. 1975ll "media library" enna padavi sweekaricha aadya sthaapanangalilonnaayirunnu ithu. yuvakkal, muthirnnavar, library, praadeshika charithram, pazhaya pusthakangal enningane naalu sevanangalayi ithine thirichirikkunnu.
2007ll "kansarvettoyar eiii rayonment departmental" enna label nediya oru deseeya sangeetha, naadakeeya kalaaroopamaanu cambray.
paachaka savisheshathakal.
parambaraagathamaayi graundu wheel kondu nirmmicha sosej (2015 vare maadu kau disease episode pinthudarnnu europian niyanthranangal nirodhichirunnu), eee mekhalayile ettavum praathinidyamulla oru bhakshana samoohamaanu, koodaathe fraansinte ettavum pratheekathmakamaaya gaurmettu savisheshathakalilonnaaya coated mint mitaayiyaaya bettis dii cambray ennivayaanu kaambraayiyude rund ettavum ariyappedunna bhakshana savisheshathakal.
kaambraayiyude paachakareeti ariyappedaatha mattu savisheshathakalkkum kaaranamaakunnu tripe, plum ulla liver paatt, munthirippazhamulla muyal, purid payarvarggangalulla paartridjinte hochepot, mathramalla, sookshumamaaya aushadhasasyangalulla framej blank, koodaathe oru chees, allengil padakkangal, "paine crott" [mudd bread] (oru tharam franch toast) ennivayum.
ghoshayaathra, mudraavaakyam.
nagaratthinte mudraavaakyam niravadhi thavana maari
cathedralinte steppilukal, sent-gerry palli, doore ninnu drishyamaakunna nagaratthinte drishyaparamaaya oppu ennivayude sailiyaanu nagaratthinte logo. praadeshikamaayi cambray "moonnu gopurangalude nagaram" ennaanu ariyappedunnathu.
sainika jeevitam.
1711-1712 ll, spanish pinthudarchaavakaasha yudhasamayathu, rejimentukaludeyum royal-comtoisinteyum baarakkukal cambraayil undaayirunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal rund sainika unitukal cambraayil nilayurappichirunnu. onnaam kaalaalppada rejiment 1870 muthal 1914 vare cambraayil quarter cheythu, 1919 ll madangunnathinumumbu athu beljiyathilekku purappettu. ithu kottaykkum renal barakkukalkkum idayil vibhajikkapettu. 1942ll free sonil pirichuvidunnathinumbu 1940ll ithu veendum beljiyathilekku ayaykkappedukayum kaambraayiyilekk madangaathirikkukayum cheythu. 1889ll kaambraayiyilethiya eee sthalam mortier kwarteraanu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinte avasaanathil eee rejiment pirichuvittu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham selection sentar nambar 1-nuu mortier quarter nalki. 2, innu pirichuvittu.
2012 vare, 1953 ll sthaapithamaaya "rene mouchottu" nagarathinadutthaayirunnu, 1952 ll srishticha "aii. dii. 2" yuddha schwadron "cambressis", "aii. dii. 1" "picardy", "aii. dii. 3" "kornauyles" [cornwall], koodaathe oru graundu-tuu-eyar defense schwadron ennivaykku aathidheyathvam vahichu.
cambrai philaattiliyum.
cambray nagaravumaayi bandhappett naalu tapal staambukal purathirakkiyittundu
grandhasoochika.
 : eee lekhanathinte karadu thayyarakkunnathinulla uravidamaayi upayogicha rekha.

