
johannas dideric vaan derr walls

vaathakangaludeyum draavakangaludeyum avasthayude samavaakyathekkurichulla pioneering pravarthanatthinu peruketta oru dutch saidhaanthika bhauthikashaasthranjanum thermodynamistumaayirunu johannes dideric vaan derr walls (; 23 november 1837-8 march 1923). vaan derr walls oru school adthyaapakanaayaanu thante currier aarambhichath. 1877ll pazhaya athenium munisippal sarvakalaashaalayaayi uyarthappettappol addeham aamstardaam sarvakalaashaalayile aadyathe bhauthikashaasthra professoraayi. vaathakangaludeyum draavakangaludeyum avasthayude samavaakyathekkurichulla addehathinte pravarthanangalkku 1910 leeii bhauthikashaasthrathinulla nobal sammanam vaan derr vaalsinu labhichu.
vaathakangalude swabhaavavum draavaka ghattathilekkulla avayude ghaneebhavanavum vivarikkunna vaan derr walls avasthayude samavakyavumaayi addehathinte peru praadhamikamaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. vaan derr walls fozhsukal (sthirathayulla thanmathrakal thammilulla sakthikal), vaan derr walls moleculukal (vaan derr walls fozhsukalaal bandhippichirikkunna cheria tanmatra klasttarukal), vaan derr walls radia (thanmaathrakalude valuppangal) ennivayumaayum addehathinte peru bandhappettirikkunnu. jaims clerk maxwell paranjathupole, "vaan derr vaalsinte peru udan thanne tanmatra shaasthrathile munnirayil varumennathil samshayamilla."
1873 leeii thante prabandhatthil vaan derr walls yadhaartha vaathakangalude anuyojyamallaathathinekku paraamarsikkukayum tanmatra edapedalukalude nilanilppin kaaranamavukayum cheythu. ghadaka thanmathrakal kaivashappeduthiyirikkunnu oru parimitha vooliyam enna anumaanathaal uruthirinja avasthayude aadya samavaakyam addeham avatharippichu. 19-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathode thanmaathrakalude nilanilpp nishedhicha sakthamaaya daarshanika pravahamaaya ernst maakkinteyum wilhem austwaldinteyum neethrthwathil uthbhavichu. tanmatra asthithvam theliyikkappedaathathum tanmatra sidhaantham anaavashyavumaanennu kanakkakkappettu. vaan derr vaalsinte prabandham ezhuthappetta samayat (1873), draavakangalude tanmatra ghadana mikka bhauthikashaasthranjarum amgeekarichirunnilla, draavakavum neeravi palappozhum raasaparamaayi vyathyasthamayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. ennaal vaan derr vaalsinte pravartthanangal thanmaathrakalude yaadhaarthyam sthireekarikkukayum avayude valupavum aakarshakamaaya shakthiyum vilayiruthunnathin anuvadikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte puthiya soothravaakyam avasthayude samavakyangalekkurichulla padanatthil viplavamundaakki. thante avasthayude samavaakyathe pareekshanathmaka daattayumaayi thaarathamyam cheythukondu, vaan derr vaalsinu thanmaathrakalude yadhaartha valipavum avayude paraspara aakarshanathinte shakthiyum kanakkakkaan kazhinju.
irupathaam noottaandil molecular physixil vaan derr vaalsinte pravartthanatthinte swaadheenam nerittullathum adisthaanaparavumaayirunnu. thante avasthayude samavaakyam nirmikkunnathil tanmatra valupavum aakarshanavum savisheshamaakkunna paaraamettarukal avatharippichukondu vaan derr walls aadhunika tanmatra shaasthrathin swaram nalki. valippam, aakruthi, aakarshanam, multy pollar edapedalukal thudangiya tanmatra vashangal draavakangalude thermodynamic, gathagatha gunangalude ganitha soothravaakyangalude adisthaanam aayirikkanam nilavil oru svayamsidhamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnath. vaan derr vaalsinte avasthayude samavaakyathinte sahaayathode, valare uyarnna thapanilayil nadatthiya thermodynamic alavukalil ninnu vaathakangalude nirnaayaka-pooyint paaraamettarukal krithyamaayi pravachikkaan kazhiyum. naitrajan, ooksijan, hydrajan, healium enniva pinneedu draveekaranathinu keezhadangi. vaan derr vaalsinte pioneering pravarthanangalaal haike commerling oons ganyamaayi swaadheenikkappettu. 1908-ll, draavaka healium nirmmicha aadya vyakthiyayi oons maari; ithu 1911-ll soopparkandaktivitti kandethunnathilekku nerittu nayichu.
jeevacharitram.
aadyakaala varshangalum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1837 november 23 nuu netherlandsile lidenil johannes dideric vaan derr walls janichu. jacobus vaan derr vaalsinteyum elisabath vaan denne berginteyum patthu makkalil moothayaalaayirunnu addeham. addehathinte pithaav lidenile oru marappanikkaaranaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandil ellah penkuttikaludeyum thozhilaalivarggathile aankuttikaludeyum pathiv pole, sarvakalashaalayil pravesikkaanulla avakasham nalkunna tharatthilulla secondary schoolil addeham poyilla. pakaram addeham "advanced primery ejyukkeshan" enna schoolil pooyi, athu pathinanjaam vayassil poortthiyaakki. pinneedu addeham oru praadhamika vidyaalayathil adthyaapakante apprentis aayi. 1856num 1861num idayil addeham kozhsukal pinthudarukayum oru primery school adthyaapakanum pradhana adhyaapakanumaayi marran aavashyamaaya yogyathakal nedukayum cheythu.
1862-ll addeham thante janmanagarathile sarvakalashaalayil ganitham, bhauthikashaasthram, jyothishaasthram ennivayile prabhashanangalil pankedukkaan thudangi, ennirunnaalum classical bhashakalil vidyaabhyaasathinte abhavam kaaranam oru saadhaarana vidyaarthiyaayi cheraan addehathinu yogyatha undaayirunnilla. ennirunnaalum, leaden sarvakalashaalayil oru vyavastha undaayirunnu, athu purathuninnulla vidyaarthikalkku oru varshathil naalu kozhsukal vare edukkaan praapthamakki. 1863ll dutch sarkkar oru puthiya tharam secondary school (uyarnna madhyavargathile kuttikale lakshyamitulla oru school) aarambhichu. vaan derr walls-akkaalat oru praadhamika vidyaalayathinte thalavan-ganithathilum bhauthikashaasthrathilum oru echbs adhyapakanaakaan aagrahikkukayum aavashyamaaya pareekshakalkkayi thante ozhivusamayangalil rund varsham padikkukayum cheythu.
1865-ll addeham deventarile echbsil bhauthikashaasthra adthyaapakanaayi niyamikkappedukayum 1866-ll addehathinu hageyil atharamoru sthaanam labikkukayum cheythu, athu liden aduthaayirunnu, avide vaan derr vaalsine sarvakalashaalayil thante kozhsukal punaraarambhikkaan anuvadichu. 1865 septambaril, deventarilekku maarunnathin thottumunbu, vaan derr walls pathinettukariyaaya anna magdalana smittine vivaham kazhichu.
professor.
oru saadhaarana vidyaarthiyaayi sarvakalashaalayil praveshikkaanum pareekshakal ezhuthaanum addehathinu avakasham nalkunna classical bhaashakalekkurichulla arivu vaan derr vaalsinu appozhum illaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, sarvakalaashaalayile praveshanathe niyanthrikkunna niyamam maattukayum classical bhaashakalude padanatthil ninnu vidyaabhyaasa manthrikk vitharanam nalkukayum cheythu. vaan derr vaalsinu eee vitharanam nalkukayum doctoral padanathinaayi bhauthikashaasthrathilum ganithathilum yogyathaa pareekshakal vijayikkukayum cheythu.
1873 juun 14 nuu lyden sarvakalashaalayil addeham thante doctoral prabandhathe "ovar dii condinuit vaan denne gyaas-enn vloistophostaand" (vathaka, draavaka avasthayude thudarchayekkurichu) peettar rescake keezhil prathirodhichu. eee prabandhatthil addeham tanmatra alavum tanmatra aakarshanavum enna ashayangal avatharippichu.
1877 septambaril vaan derr walls puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya aamstardaam munisippal sarvakalashaalayil bhauthikashaasthrathinte aadya professoraayi niyamithanaayi. bhauthika rasathanthranjanaaya jacobus henricus vaan 'tii hoff, jeevashaasthranjanaaya hugo dii vrees ennivaraayirunnu addehathinte sradheyamaaya rund sahapravarthakar. 70-aamm vayassil viramikkunnathuvare vaan derr walls aamstardaam sarvakalashaalayil thudarnnu. addehathinte makan johannes dideric vaan derr walls juuniyar addehathinte pingamiyaayi.addeham oru saidhaanthika bhauthikashaasthranjan koodiyaayirunnu. 1910-ll, 72-aamm vayassil, vaan derr vaalsinu bhauthikashaasthrathinulla nobal sammanam labhichu. 1923 march 8nuu 85-aamm vayassil addeham antharichu.
shaasthreeya pravartthanangal.
vaan derr vaalsinte pradhana thaalparyam thermodynamics mekhalayilaayirunnu. über die art der bewegung, welche vir wwarme nennen ("naam choodu ennu vilikkunna chalanathe") enna peril über die art der bewegung, welche virme nennen "enna peril rudolph klosiyasinte 1857 leeii prabandham addehathe swaadheenichu. jaims clark maxwell, ludwig boltsman, willard gibbs ennivarude rachanakal vaan derr vaalsine pinneedu valareyadhikam swaadheenichu. 1869ll draavakangalil nirnaayaka thaapanilayude nilanilpp velippeduthiya thomas aandroosinte pareekshanangalekkurichu oru vishadeekaranam thedaan klosiyasinte pravartthanangal addehathe prerippichu. 1873 leeii thante prabandhatthil "ovar dii condinuit vaan denne gyaas-enn vloistostost" (vaathakathinteyum draavakathinteyum avasthayude thudarchayekkurichu) enna thalakkettil ghaneebhavanathinteyum nirnaayaka thapanilayudeyum prathibhaasangalekkurichu ardha-alavilulla vivaranam nalkaan addehathinu kazhinju. eee prabandham bhauthikashaasthrathile oru mukhamudraye prathinidheekarikkukayum udan thanne amgeekarikkappedukayum cheythu.jii. jaims clerk maxwell athine prashamsichukondu avalokanam cheythu.
eee prabandhatthil addeham thante perilulla avasthayude samavaakyam uruthirinju. eee pravartthanam oru padaarthatthinte draavakavum vathaka ghattavum thudarchayaayi parasparam layikkunna oru maathruka nalki. rund ghattangalum ore swabhaavamullavayaanennu ithu kaanikkunnu. vaan derr walls thante avasthayude samavaakyam uruthirinjappol thanmaathrakalude nilanilpp (akkaalat aattangalude nilanilpp tharkkatthilaayirunnu) mathramalla, avaa parimithamaaya valippamullathum parasparam aakarshikkunnathum aanennum anumaanichu. oru anthar tanmatra shakti aadyam anumaanichavaril oralaayathinaal, athu ethra adisthaanaparamaanenkilum, atharam sakthiye ippol chilappol vaan derr walls shakti ennu vilikkunnu.
randaamathe pradhana kandethal 1880 leeii anubandha avasthakalude niyamamaayirunnu, ithu vaan derr walls avasthayude samavaakyathe nirnaayaka marddam, nirnaayaka vooliyam, nirnaayaka thaapanila ennivayude lalithamaaya pravartthanamaayi prakadippikkaan kazhiyumennu kaanichu. eee pothuvaaya roopam ellah padaarthangalkkum baadhakamaan (vaan derr walls samavaakyam kaanuka.) yadhaartha samavaakyathile samyuktha-nirddishta sthiraankangalaaya "a", "b" ennivaykku pakaram saarvathrika (samyuktha-swatantra) alavukal sthaapikkunnu. 1898ll jaims dewar hydrajan draveekarikkunnathilekkum 1908ll heykku commerling oones healium draveekarikkunnathilekkum aathyanthikamayi nayicha pareekshanangalil oru maargganirddeshamaayi pravarthichathu eee niyamamaan.
1890-ll vaan derr walls archives nerlandisesil "bainari parihaarangalude sidhaantham" ennathinekkurichulla oru prabandham prasidheekarichu. thante avasthaasamithiye thermodynamicsinte randaam niyamavumaayi bandhappeduthunnathiloode, aadyam willard gibbs nirddeshicha roopathil, thante ganitha soothravaakyangalude oru graaphikkal praathinidhyathilekku athicheraan addehathinu kazhinju, athine addeham gibbukale pinthudarnnu si (psi) uparithalam ennu vilichu, addeham santhulithaavasthayile vyathyastha gattangalulla oru sisttathinte swatantra oorjjathinaayi si enna greak aksharam upayogichu.
vaan derr vaalsinte kappilaaritti sidhaanthathekkurichum paraamarsikkanam, athu athinte adisthaana roopathil 1893 ll aadyamaayi prathyakshappettu. piyari-saiman laplace neratthe nalkia vishayathekkurichulla mechanical veekshanathinu vipareethamaayi, vaan derr walls oru thermodynamic sameepanam sweekarichu. brouniyan chalanathekkurichulla albert ainsteente saidhaanthika vishadeekaranathekkurichlu jeane baptist perinte pareekshanathmaka parishodhanaykk munbu thanmaathrakalude nilanilppum avayude sthiravum druthavumaaya chalanavum saarvathrikamaayi amgeekarikkappedaathinaal ithu akkaalat vivaadamaayirunnu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
1865-ll addeham bhaarya anna magdalana smittine vivaham kazhichu, eee dambathikalkku moonnu penmakkalum (aanne madeleen, johanna diderica) oru makan undaayirunnu, addeham aamstardaam sarvakalashaalayil jolie cheythirunnu. jackvillin oru shradheya kaviyayirunnu. vaan derr vaalsinte anantharavan peettar vaan derr walls oru kaabinat nirmmathaavum saaparttan, gloucestershire school oof arts aandu crafts prasthaanatthile oru pramukha vyakthiyumaayirunnu. addehathinte bhaarya 1881-ll 34-aamm vayassil kshayarogam baadhichu marichu. vidhavayaya vaan derr walls orikkalum punarvivaham cheythilla, bhaaryayude maranathil addeham oru pathittaandolam onnum prasidheekarikkaathirunnathu kondu addeham njettippoyi. makal jackvillin marichu oru varshathinu sesham 1923 march 8 nuu addeham aamstardaamil vachu marichu.
bahumathikal.
1910 leeii bhauthikashaasthrathinulla nobal sammanam nedunnathinu purame niravadhi bahumathikalum bahumathikalum vaan derr vaalsinu labhichu. addehathinu cambridge sarvakalaashaalayude oonarari doktarettu labhichu; moscoyile imperial sosaitti oof naachuralistukal, royal airish akkadami, american philosophical sosaitti (1916) ennivayude oonarari amgamaayi; instittyoott dii fraansinteyum royal akkadami oof sayansasinteyum berlin amgamaayi; beljiyathile royal akkadami oof sciencesile associate amgamaayi; landanile kemikkal sosaittiyile videsha amgamaayum, american aikyanaadukalile naashanal akkadami oof sciences (1913), romile academia dee linsey ennivayilum. 1875ll vaan derr walls royal netherlands akkadami oof arts aandu sciencesil amgamaayi. 1896 muthal 1912 vare addeham eee sosaittiyude sekrattariyaayirunnu. 1912ll netherlands kemikkal sosaittiyude oonarari amgamaayum addeham thiranjedukkappettu.
addehathinte bahumaanaartham 32893 vaan derr walls enna cheria grahathinu eee peru nalkiyittundu.

