taifula avatharam

typhulase kudumbatthile oru fungus sasya rogakaariyaan taifula inkarnaatta.
aathidheyar, lakshanagal.
"taifula issuriences" ennathinoppam "taifula inkarnatta" ennathum chaaraniratthilulla manjumoodalinte (speckled snow mould allengil taifula blaitt ennum ariyappedunnu) kaarana ejantaanu.  eee sasya rogakaarikal neenda kaalayalavilulla manjumoodiya pradeshangalil valarunna thanutha seasonile turfgrassukale nasippikkunnu.  turfgrass hosttukalil ulppedunnu, ennaal ivayil maathram parimithappedunnilla vaarshika bluegrass, colonial bentgrass, creeping bentgrass, phine-leaf fescuse, kentakki bluegrass, vattaatha raigras, uyaramulla fescue".  ekadesham 15 centimeter vyaasamulla mysiliyathinte vrithaakrithiyilulla chaaraniratthilulla thavittuniratthilulla paadukalaayi vasanthakaalath rogakaariyude adayaalangal nireekshikkaam.  "tii. avathaarathe 'tii' yill ninnu verthirichariyaan kazhiyum. ishkikaariyensis "athinte sclerotia vazhi.  "tii. tii" ennathinte vyaasamulla "avathaarathinu" <aii. dii. 1> millimeter vyaasamulla chuvapp-thavitt sclerottiayundu. iskikariyensis "nuu 0.5-1.5 milleemettar vyaasamulla black sclerottiayundu.
rogachakram.
vellachaattathinte thanutha (-1-13 °C), nananja avasthakal enniva "taifula avathaarakane" sclerotia utppaadippikkaan anuvadikkunnu.  tii yude yuva sclerotia. avatharam "velutha-pink niratthil aarambikkukayum oduvil ekadesham 5 millimeter vyaasamulla kadinamaaya chuvapp-thavitt golangalaayi parinamikkukayum cheiyunnu.  pakwathayulla sclerotia clavula ennariyappedunna beejakoshangal vahikkunna gadanakal srishtikkum, avide basedia basidiosporukalum roopappedaam.  shaithyakaalath sclerotia mulaykkaan thudangukayum manju moodalil mysilium uthpaadippikkukayum cheiyunnu. mysilium oduvil vyaapikkukayum anubaadhayulla thalayanakal uthpaadippikkukayum sasyakoshangalilekku thulachukayarukayum cheiyunnu.  gurutharamaaya oru rogam pottippurappedanamenkil sthiramaaya manju moodalmanju undaayirikkanam, ennirunnaalum manju kuranjatho illaathatho aaya oru pottippurappedal sambhavicha chila udaaharanangalund.  vasanthakaalath, manju urukumbol sclerotty chaaraniratthilulla mysilia chediyude chattha tissuevil kaanaan kazhiyum.  chediyude tissue vighadippikkaan thudangumbol sclerotia avar venalkkaalath nilathekku veezhunnu. venalkkaalathudaneelam, fungus sclerotty badhikkunnu. avatharam, "mulaykkunna nirakk 90 sathamaanam vare kuraykkunnu.
paristhithi.
"manninte thaapanila maravippikkunnathinekkaal (-1 Â 4.4 digri selshyas) kooduthalulla oru thanutha nilathu neenda manju moodumbol (ekadesham 60 divasam) "taifula avatharam" vikasikkunnu.  "tii. manju adinjukoodunnathinu munbu bhoomi maravichaal "avatharam" saadhaaranayaayi vikasikkunnilla.
manju pooppal avasaravaadikalaaya rogakaarikalaan, athaayath aathidheya prathirodhasheshi kuravaayirikkumbol maathrame avaa rogakaarikalaakoo.  shaithyakaalath, carbohydrate shekharam kuravaayathinaal sasyangalkk saadhaaranayaayi rogangalodu prathirodham kuravaanu.  durbalamaaya eee rogaprathirodha prathikaranavum mattu sookshumaanukkalil ninnulla cheria malsaravum manjinte pooppalkku avarude aathidheyane baadikkaanulla mikacha avasaram nalkunnu.
manjinte pooppal roopangalude ettavum pradhanappetta savisheshathakalilonnaanu thanutha sahishnutha.  "tii. extra sellular antifrees proteinukal uthppaadippichukondu "avathaaravum mattu inam chaaraniratthilulla manjumoodukalum shaithyakaalathe athijeevikkunnu.  eee antifrees proteinukal taapa unmaadathinu kaaranamaakunnu. santhulithaavasthayil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya nirakkil oru padaarthatthilekku thapam vitharanam cheiyunnathaanu taapa unmaadam.  antifrees proteinukal aise paralukal bandhippikkukayum valanja aise frondukal srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu, avaa jalathinte kooduthal agiranam cheiyunnathinu oorjjaparamaayi prathikoolamaanu.  ithu aise paralukal roopappedaathirikkaan kaaranamaakunnu.
maanejment.
taifula avathara" baadhicha turf vasanthakaalath valarcha punaraarambhikkumbol saadhaaranayaayi veendedukkum.  kaaranam "tii. avatharam' pullinte kireedangale kollunnilla.  tii ozhivakkaan. avatharam "durbalamallatha enangal nadunnathinu sramikkuka (udha.jii., phine fescuse).  koodaathe, sharathkaalathinte avasaanathode uyarnna naitrajan valangal prayogikkunnathu ozhivaakkuka. uyarnna alavilulla naitrajan rogathe prothsaahippikkunna avasana season valarchaye prolsaahippikkum.  avasaanamaayi, sharathkaalathiludaneelam vettiyedukkaan sramikkuka. ithu "taifula kooduthal eluppathil badhikkunna amithamaya turf topp valarcha thadayaan" sahayikkum.
fungasideukal saadhaaranayaayi tii chikilsikkaan upayogikkunnilla. avatharam" kaaranam pullinu saadhaaranayaayi vasanthakaalath swaabhaavikamaayi veendedukkaan kazhiyum.   manju pooppal kedupaadukal undaakunnath thadayaan maathrame fungisideukal upayogikkaavoo.  manju sthiramaakunnathinu munbo manju urukaan thudangumbozho avaa prayogikkanam.  chlorothalonil uthppannathodukoodiya demethylase inhibittar (dmi) allengil theophanett-methyl uthppannathodoppam fangisaidukalude mishrithangalum manjinte pooppal kedupaadukal thadayunnathil valare falapradamaanu.
praadhaanyam.
"visconsinilum madhya padinjaaran pradeshangalilum "taifula avatharam" saadhaaranamaanu.  eee rogam venalkkaala maasangal vare turfinte gunanilavaaram kuraykkaan idayaakkum.  manjinte pooppal thadayunnathinaayi oro varshavum ekadesham 20,000 dollar fangasaidukalkkaayi chelavazhikkunnu. eee rogam thadayaan valia thuka upayogichenkilum, palathavana venda. avathara' vum mattu inam manjumoodukalum vikasikkum, prathyekichu kadinamo vyathyaasappedunnathumaaya shaityakaala saahacharyangalkk sesham.

