
europian yooniyante paristhithi nayam

1973ll 'paristhithi pravartthana paripadi' yiloodeyaanu europian union (iyu) paristhithi nayam aarambhichath, aaa samayat paristhithi yoonit roopeekarikkappettu (1981ll paristhithi dayaraktarettu general ennu namakaranam cheythu). athinusesham nayam "niravadhi pathittaandukalaayi nadappaakkiya vividha vishayangalude vishalamaaya bhooprakrithi ulkkollunnathinayi" (ruters) vikasichu, 2015 ll instittyoott phoor europian envayonmental poolisi "europian union paristhithi niyamatthinte body" 500 + nirddeshangal, niyanthranangal, theerumaanangal ennivaykku thulyamaanennu kanakkakki."kazhinja dashakangalil europian union vishalamaaya paristhithi niyamanirmmanam nadappaakkiyittund. thalphalamaayi vaayu, jalam, mannu ennivayude malineekaranam ganyamaayi kuranju. raasa niyamangal naveekarikkukayum niravadhi vishavasthukkaludeyo apakadakaramo aaya vasthukkaludeyo upayogam niyanthrikkukayum cheythu. innu, europian union pouranmaar lokathile ettavum mikacha jala gunanilavaaram aasvadikkunnu "(europian kammeeshan, iii. iii. pii 2020)
charithram.
1972leeii paarees uchakodiyil ninnaan thudakkam.
1972 octoberil europian saambathika samoohathinte (iii. iii. sii) raashtrathalavanmaarudeyum gavanmentinteyum paarees uchakodi yogam palappozhum europian yooniyante paristhithi nayatthinte thudakkam choondikkaanikkaan upayogikkunnu. paristhithi samrakshanathinaayi oru karma paripadi thayyarakkan europian commissioninode abhyarthicha paristhithi, upabhokthru nayathekkurichulla oru prakhyapanam eee uchakodiyil amgeekarikkappettu. 1973 joolaiyil amgeekaricha eee (aadya) paristhithi pravartthana paripadi europian yooniyante aadyathe paristhithi nayathe prathinidheekarikkunnu. koodaathe, eee aakshan prograam thayyarakkiya commissionile task fozhsu oduvil paristhithikkaayi oru dayaraktarettu generalinte roopeekaranathilekku nayichu.
oru pothu paristhithi nayam avatharippikkunathinulla praadhamika kaaranam vaividhyamaarnna paaristhithika maanadandangal pothuvipaniyil vyapara thadassangalkkum malsaraparamaaya valachodikkalukalkkum kaaranamakumenna aashankayaayirunnu. petrolinte pradhana ulladakkathinu vaahanangalude puranthallalile parimithikal polulla prathyeka uthppannangalude vyathyastha deseeya maanadandangal saambathika samoohathinullile (iii. sii) eee uthppannangalude swatantra vyaapaarathin kaaryamaaya thadassangal srishtichu. europian yooniyante uyarnnuvarunna paristhithi nayathinu oru adhika prachodanam vardhichuvarunna paristhithi prashnangalude anthaaraashtra rashtreeyavalkkaranavum 1970 kalude thudakkam muthal valarnnuvarunna paaristhithika malineekaranam deseeya athirthikalil avasaanichilla, marichu athirthi kadannulla nadapadikaliloode pariharikkendathundennu manassilacal aayirunnu. akkaalat europian yooniyante sthaapaka udambadiyil paristhithi nayathekkurichu paraamarsamundaayirunnilla, athinaal europian union paristhithi nayathinu adithara paakunna vyakthamaaya udambadi adisthaanamilla. ennirunnaalum, udambadiyude vaachakam chalanathmakamaayi vyaakhyaanikkappettu, paristhithi nayam vyakthamaayi paraamarshichittillenkum athu samoohathinte oru pradhana lakshyamaayi kanakkakkaan praapthamakki. 1980kalude madhyathilum 1986ll eaka europian niyamathil oppuvaykkunnathilum saambathikavum paaristhithikavumaaya lakshyangal samoohathinullil kooduthal thulya nilavaaratthilaayi.
niravadhi abhinethaakkal pankedutthu.
europian union paristhithi nayam roopappeduthunnathu ellah pradhana europian union sthaapanangalum vishalamaaya brassels nayam nirmmikkunna samoohathe roopappeduthunna lobby grouppukalum ulppede vividha abhinethaakkalaanu.
manthrisabhaykkullil pravarthichu amgaraajyangal europian union paristhithi nayam roopappeduthunnu. saadhaarana niyamanirmmaana nadapadikramangal' prakaram europian paarlamentumaayi theerumaanamedukkaanulla adikaaram pankidunna europian unionile theerumaanamedukkunnathil kaunsil oru kendra nadanaanu. vividha kaunsil roopeekaranangalundu (prathyeka naya mekhalakalude utharavaadithamulla mantrimar ulkkollunnu) athilonnaanu paristhithi kaunsil. paristhithi kaunsil yogangalude ennam kaalakramena ganyamaayi vardhichu. raashtrathalavanmaar mattoru kaaryathilaanu koodikkaazhcha nadathunnathu-europian kaunsil-adutha kaalam vare paristhithi nayavumaayi valare kurachu maathrame bandhamundaayirunnulloo. ennirunnaalum, aduthide europian union kalavastha vyathiyana nayathil europian kaunsil oru pradhana punk vahichittundu.
europian commission puthiya paristhithi nayam nirddeshikkaan prathyeka avakaashamundenn mathramalla, paristhithi niyamangal nadappaakkunnathu urappaakkenda utharavaadithavumundu. athinaal, 1950-kalil europian kammeeshan roopeekarichathumuthal europian yooniyante hridayabhaagathaanu. ennirunnaalum, 1970kall vare paristhithi prashnangalkkayi samarppicha oru yoonittum 1981 vare paristhithikkaayi oru poornna dayaraktarettu generalum sthaapichittilla. thudakkathil paristhithi thaarathamyena durbalamaaya dijiyayi kanakkaakkappettirunnum saankethikavum raashtreeyavumaaya vaidagdhyathinte vikasanathiloode ithu kramena kooduthal dridathayode mariyirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, kammeeshan ippozhum athinte nayangal nadappakkaan amgaraajyangale aashrayikkendathund.
parambaraagathamaayi, europian paarlament europian unionullil paristhithi thaalpparyangalude chaambyan enna prashasthi nedi, avide theerumaanamedukkunnathil ninnu ozhivaakkappettavarkk oru praveshana pooyintum harita rashtreeya partykalkku oru shabdavum nalki. ennirunnaalum, ithu oru prathipravarthanaparavum thaarathamyena durbalavumaaya sthaapanamaayirunnu. aduthide manthrisabhayumaayi saha-niyamanirmmaathaavaayi marria udambadi mattangalil ninnu paarlamentinu prayojanam labhichu. ennirunnaalum, paarlamentinte shaaktheekaranam athinte harita yogyatha kurachathaayi thonnunnu, kaaranam ippol harita bhedagathikal sweekarikkaan thayyaaralla.
kazhinja 40 varshamaayi paristhithi samghadanakaladakkam niravadhi lobisamghangalude thaalparyam europian union aakarshichittundu. 1974-ll thanne, ellah amgaraajyangalil ninnumulla paristhithi grouppukal europian paristhithi beuro sthaapich brasselsil oru kendra praathinidhyam sthaapichu. mattu paristhithi samghadanakal 1980kalude avasaanam muthal brasselsil maathramaan shope aarambhichath. chila deseeya gavanmentukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol europian sthaapanangal, prathyekichu europian kammeeshan, eee grouppukalilekku thaarathamyena eluppathil praveshanam nalkunnu. europian kammeeshan consultative kammittikalum mattu sthaapanangalum roopeekarikkukayum chila pradhana grouppukal sthaapikkunnathinum paripalikkunnathinum fund nalkukayum cheythukondu nayaroopeekaranatthil avarude pankaalitthatthe sajeevamaayi prothsaahippichittundu.
sankeernamaaya nayaparamaaya prakriyakal.
europian unionile nayanirmmanam sankeernamaayirikkum. nayanirmmaana prakriyayil veetto kalikkaarude ennam valare kooduthalaanennu nirddeshikkappettittund (athaayath.iii. nayanirmmaanatthinte disha sthiramaayi niyantrikkaan eathenkilum oru nadano allengil oru koottam abhinethaakkalo (europian union amgaraajyangal ulppede) oru nayam sweekarikkunnathinu karar aavasyamulla abhinethaakkal. paristhithi nayanirmmaanatthinte phalam prathyekichum pravachanatheethavum asthiravum chilappol kuzhappakaravumaanennu parakke chithreekarikkappettundu. ennirunnaalum, nayaroopeekarana prakriyayile oru pradhana kalikkaaranenna nilayil, prosessing nayathinaayi 'staanderd operating nadapadikramangal' vikasippikkaan europian kammeeshan sammarddathilaanu. ithu sameepa varshangalil nayanirmmaana prakriyakalil niravadhi maattangalilekku nayichu, avayil koodiyaalochanayude minimum maanadandangal sweekarikkuka; ellah pradhana naya nirddeshangaludeyum aaghaatha vilayiruthal; athinte pravartthana paripaadikalude muun prasidheekaranam enniva ulppedunnu.
sameepa varshangalil paristhithi naya nirmmaanatthinte shradha mariyirikkunnu, paristhithi nayathil europian yooniyante punk kettippadukkunnathinnekal nilavilulla nayangal update cheiyunnathil kooduthal shradha kendreekarikkunnu. 1970kalilum 1980kalilum europian union thalatthil munbu kaikaaryam cheyyaatha niravadhi prasnangal ulkkollunna niyamanirmmaanangalude oru koottam athivegam roopeekarikkunnathaayirunnu europian union paristhithi nayam. 1980kall muthal mattu puthiya vishayangal ettedukkappettittundum nilavilulla niyamanirmmaanatthinte punaravalokanathekkurichu charchakal paristhithi ajandayude vardhichuvarunna anupaathavum etteduthittundu. thalphalamaayi, muun niyamangal bhedagathi cheiyunna europian union paristhithi niyamanirmmaanatthinte anupatham kaalakramena kramanugathamaayi vardhichu. thathfalamaayi, mikka paaristhithika prashnangalilum, pradhana chodyam inii illah 'europian union edapedanamo?pakshe' europian union enthaanu cheyyendathu?europian yooniyante rashtreeya ajandayil eee vishayam ulppeduthunnathinulla yukthi europian unione athu ettedukkaan prerippikkukayalla, marichu nilavilulla nayangal maattuka (oru rashtreeya nadante lakshyangale aashrayich avaye shakthippeduthukayo durbalappeduthukayo cheyyuka) ennathaanu. ajanda krameekarana thanthrangalile pradhana pooraattatthile eee maattam 'puthiya vishayangalil' ninnu 'thudarunnatho aavarthichullatho aaya aashankakalilekkulla' maattathe adayaalappeduthunnu.
nayanirmmaana prakriyakalil europian union oru prathyeka tharam naya ekopanam ettedukkaan ganyamaaya sramam nadathiyittundu, athaayath ellah naya mekhalakaludeyum pravartthanatthil paaristhithika parigananakale samyojippikkuka. paristhithi naya samyojanathinte saadhyathakal theerchayaayum abhilashakaramaanu krishi, oorjjam, gathagatham thudangiya saambathikamaayi sakthamaaya mekhalakal avarude swantham nayangalude vikasanathil paaristhithika prasnangal 'roopakalppana' cheyyanam. ennirunnaalum, europian kammeeshante paristhithi dayaraktarettu generalil jolie cheiyunnavarenkilum palarum aadyam pratheekshichathilum valare budhimuttaanennu ithu theliyikkappettittund. europian yooniyante vibhajithamaaya sthaapanaparavum raashtreeyavumaaya gadanayaanu ivide oru pradhana kaaranaghadakam, ithu oru vashath darshanaparamaaya nayaparamaaya lakshyangal sweekarikkaan sahayikkukayum avayude nadappaakkaline durbalappeduthukayum cheythu.
europian union naya prakriyayude 'moorchayulla avasaanathilaanu' nadappaakkal. europian union nayangalude vijayavum avayodoppam muzhuvan samyojana padhathiyum palappozhum avayude phalangalkkanusarichaanu vilayiruthappedunnathu. ennirunnaalum, ettedukkal (europian union niyamatthinte body) poornnamaayum nadappaakkiyillenkil, europian union nayangal paaristhithika gunanilavaarathil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam cheluthaathe, ennaal eaka vipaniyil gurutharamaaya valachodikkal prathyaaghaathangalulla paper vyaayaamangalaayi maarum. europian unionile nayam nadappaakkunnathu prashnakaramaanennu parakke kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, europian union naya prakriyayude eee nirnaayaka ghattathekkurichulla pothujanangaludeyum akkaadamikarudeyum dhaarana thaarathamyena parimithamaanu. theerchayaayum, valarekkaalamaayi, mosham nadappaakkal enna muzhuvan prashnatheyum rashtreeya ajandayil ninnu thaazheyo purattho nirtthiya niravadhi gadakangal, innu athu kooduthal raashtreeyavalkkarikkunnatu, europian paarlament polulla enn. jii. oo. kaludeyum ekeekarana anukoola pravartthakarudeyum prachaarana pravartthanangal ithu munnott kondupookunnu. europian yooniyante nadappaakkal prashnangalkk niravadhi pariharangal vaagdaanam cheythittundu, avayil chilath vinyasichaal prashnam koottiyekkaam. ennaal pala kaaryangalilum, mosham (allengil kuranjathu apoornnamaaya) nadappaakkalinte kaaranagal europian yooniyante gadanayilaanu. thathfalamaayi, oru prathividhi undakanulla saadhyathayumilla.
puthiya paristhithi nayangal vikasippikkunnathin, ithinakam sweekarichava aadyam vilayiruthendathu pradhaanamaan. ennirunnaalum, eee avabodhajanyamaaya lalithamaaya ashayam praayogikamaayi prayogikkaan prayaasamaan, bahu-thala bharanathinte sankeernamaaya samvidaanam nayangal vilayiruthunathinulla praayogika budhimuttilekku ganyamaayi cherkkunna europian unionilethinekkaal kooduthalalla. daatta, reethikal, vishakalana vidagdhar, sidhaanthangal, moolyanirnnaya maanadandangal ennivayude bahuswarathayiloode prathyaaghaathangal vilayiruthukayum nayangalude paarshwafalangal kandethukayum cheiyunnathu mikachathaanu. moolyanirnnayathinte praadhaanyam kooduthal vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappettathinaal sameepa varshangalil europian union nayangaludeyum paripaadikaludeyum moolyanirnnayathinulla aavasyam vardhichu. moolyanirnayangal (europian paristhithi ejansi ulppede) kammeeshan cheiyunnathilum nirmmikkunnathilum upayogikkunnathilum niravadhi abhinethaakkal earppettittundu, ennaal moolyanirnnayathinte punk palappozhum valare durbalamaanu.
europian paristhithi gaveshanavum naveekarana nayavumaanu europile paristhithi nayavumaayi samanvayippikkunnathu. yadhaartha susthira vikasanam kaivarikkunnathinu sambadvyavasthayeyum samoohatheyum mothatthil harithavalkkarikkunnathinu parivartthana ajanda nirvachikkukayum nadappilaakkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu ithu lakshyamidunnathu.
aagola swaadheenam.
anthaaraashtra paristhithi charchakalil europian union oru pradhana-oru 'swaadheenamulla' nadanaanu. athinaal, anthaaraashtra paristhithi charchakalude prakriyakalum phalangalum manasilakkaan oraal aagrahikkunnuvenkil, europian union vahikkunna punk oraalkk parichithamayirikkanam. koodaathe, anthaaraashtra thalatthilulla sambhavavikasangal europian union athinte nayangaleyum athu ethratholam aagola nadanaakumennathilum swaadheenam cheluthunnu. athinaal, europian, anthaaraashtra paristhithi raashtreeyavum nayangalum nirantharam parasparabandhithavum parasparabandhithavumaan.
vaividhyamaarnna paaristhithika prasnangal ulkkollunna ellah pradhana bahumukha paristhithi karaarukalilum europian union oru kakshiyaanu. anthaaraashtra paristhithi charchakalil poornnamaayum pankedukkaanum europian union kazhiyum, onnukil yuu. enn pashchaathalatthil oru nireekshakanenna nilayilum allengil kakshikalude (poleesukaarude) vividha konfaransukalilum (emm. oo. pii. ezz) kakshikalude yogathilum (emm. oo. pii. ezz) maathru udambadiyude oru kakshiyenna nilayilum. aagola paristhithi raashtreeyathil europian unione palappozhum oru nethaavaayi kaanappedunnundengilum, prathyekichu kalavastha vyathiyana mekhalayil athinte neethrthwaparamaaya punk ippol chodyam cheyyappedaam. europian yooniyante anthaaraashtra kalavastha vyathiyana nayathil moonnu nirmmaana blokkukal (paaristhithika samagratha, bahuraashtravaadam, niyamaparamaayi bandhippikkunna upakaranam) adangiyirikkunnu, avaa nilavile kalavastha vyathiyana charchakalude pashchaathalatthil sammarddathilaanu. baahyapravartthanathinte mattu mekhalakalilennapole, europian yooniyante baahya paristhithi nayatthinte savisheshatha palappozhum athinte abhilaashangalum praayogikamaayi nadappakkaanulla kazhivum thammilulla poruthakkedu aanu.
anthaaraashtra karaarukalude bhaagamallaathathum yooniyante pradeshathu maathram praabalyathilullathumaaya paaristhithika nadapadikal polum chilappol valia anthaaraashtra prathyaaghaathangal undaakkunnu. udaaharanathinu, 2022-ll europian paarlament vananaseekaranavumaayi bandhapetta irakkumathi nirthaan lakshyamitulla valare pradhanappetta oru billinu amgeekaaram nalki. soya, beef, paam oayil, thadi, coco, kaappi, panniyirachi, aadu, aadu maamsam, kozhi, cholam, rubber, curry, achadicha paper enningane 14 uthppannangal irakkumathi cheyyaan aagrahikkunna kambanikalil ninnu europian unionilekku aaa charakkukalude uthppaadanam 2019 desember 31 nuu sesham vananaseekarana pradesangalumaayi bandhappeduthiyittilne theliyikkaan bill aavashyappedunnu. athillathe irakkumathi nirodhikkum. udaaharanathinu, kaarshika uthppaadanathinaayi vananaseekaranam nirthaanum nilavilulla kaarshika bhoomiyil uthppaadanakshamatha vardhippikkaanum bill brazeeline prerippichekkaam.
paristhithi samrakshanam.
iii. iii. sii sthaapithamaayappol, susthira vikasanam enna vishalamaaya ashayam oru pradhana naya vishayamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnil. susthira vikasanam enna aashayathil paaristhithikavum saamoohikavum saambathikavumaaya manangal adangiyirikkunnu; iva moonnum santhulithamaakkaanulla praayogika vazhikal kandethunnathu oru pradhana velluviliyaayi parakke kanakkaakkappedunnu. aabhyanthara rashtreeya chaalakar thammilulla edapedalukaludeyum niravadhi pradhana yuu. enn. konfaransukalkkulla europian yooniyante prathikaranatthinteyum falamaayaanu susthira vikasana mekhalayile europian union nayangal vikasichathu. 1972ll stockhomil nadanna manushya paristhithiyekkurichulla aadyathe yuu. enn. sammelanamaayirunnu atharamoru swaadheenamulla sammelanam. ithu vadakku vyaavasaayika raajyangalude paaristhithika aashankakale mathramalla, thekk raajyangalude vikasana aashankakaleyum abhisambodhana cheythu. 1988-ll aadyamaayi europian kaunsil nigamanagalil maathramaan susthira vikasanam paraamarshichathu. 'susthira valarcha' ykkum/allengil 'susthira vikasana' thinum vendiyulla rashtreeya pinthuna kurachu varshangalolam thudarukayum aashayathodulla avyakthamaaya manobhaavam athrayaanennu velippeduthukayum cheiyunnu. 1997leeii aamstardaam udambadi oduvil udambadikalkku keezhilulla niyamaparamaaya lakshyamaayi susthira vikasanathe aupachaarikamaayi amgeekarikkunnathu urappakki. thudarnnu, susthira vikasanathodulla europian yooniyante prathibaddhatha europian yooniyante adisthaana lakshyangalilonnayi aupachaarikamaakki.
1997ll, 2002oode susthira vikasanathinaayi oru 'deseeya' thanthram thayyarakkan europian union svayam prathijnjaabadhamaayi. 2001ll europian union susthira vikasana thanthrathekkurichu kammeeshan oru ashayavinimayam prasidheekarichu, athu goteborg europian kaunsilil charcha cheythu. ennirunnaalum, eee thanthram nadappaakkunnathil thadassam srishticha niravadhi bharanaparamaya balaheenatakal anubhavichu. prathyekichum, valarchaykkum thozhilinum vendiyulla lisbon thanthravumaayulla avyakthamaaya bandham eee thanthrathe valareyadhikam baadhichittundu, ithinu valare uyarnna rashtreeya munganana labhichu.
europian union bharanaghadana nirasikkappettathinethu 2005ll europian union neritta raashtreeyavum sthaapanaparavumaaya prathisandhi susthira vikasana thanthrathe rashtreeya ajandayilekku thirike nalki. 2006ll europian union kaunsil oru 'puthukkiya' ezz. dii. ezz. pinneedu sweekarichu. puthukkiya thanthrathil nadappaakkal, nireekshanam, thudarnadapadikal ennivaykkulla kooduthal vishadamaaya krameekaranangal adangiyirunnu.
oru nayaparamaaya lakshyamenna nilayil susthira vikasanathodulla europian yooniyante prathibaddhathayude niyamaparamaaya aupachaarikavalkkaranam lisbone udambadiyiloode poortthiyaayi. susthira vikasanam ippol udambadikalil aavarthichu paraamarshikkappedunnu puthiya article 3 ll europian yooniyante adisthaana lakshyamaayi; yooniyante baahya pravarthanathekkurichu article 21 ll; article 11 ll ekeekarana thathwam vyakthamaakkunnu. aabhyantharamaayum bahyamaayum susthira vikasanam pinthudaraan europian union ippol niyamaparamaayi prathijnjaabadhamaanu (athaayath.iii. vishalamaaya loka' thumaayulla athinte bandhatthil).
eee niyamaparamaaya prathibaddhatha "munkootty" cheyyenda oru aaghaatha vilayiruthal prakriya sthaapikkunnathilekku nayichu.iii. vasthuthaykk munbu, bhaaviyile ellah europian union niyamanirmmanangalum susthira vikasanathinayulla europian union thanthrathil paranjirikkunna susthira vikasana thathwangalumaayi poruthappedunnuvennu urappaakkuka. vaasthavathil, aaghaatha vilayiruthalinte onniladhikam prakriyakal uyarnnuvannu bhaaviyile ellah europian union niyamanirmmanangalkkum kammeeshan-wide impact asasment, diji vyaapaarathinaayulla susthirataa aaghaatha vilayiruthal (sia), europian union dhanasahaayathodeyulla gaveshana padhathikalil vibhavanam cheythathupole samyojitha susthirataa vilayiruthal (isa), bhaaviyile aagola vilayiruthalukalkulla oru reethishaasthramaayi pariganikkaan shupaarsha cheytha mattis, inn-kontekst, vision ardy4esdie.
europian yooniyante paristhithi nayathinu swatantra vyapara velluvilikal.
europian union america thammilulla atlaantik vyapara, nikshepa pankaalitthatthinte (ttip) susthira vikasana vibhaagathinte karadu 2015 octoberil "guardian" lake chorthappettu. rekhayekkurichu abhiprayam chodichappol, oru franch paristhithi abhibhaashakan nirddishta paaristhithika surakshakale nikshepakarkku nalkia samrakshanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol "phalatthil nilavililla" ennum kazhinja rund pathittaandukalaayi ubhaykakshi vyapara karaarukal prakaram europian unionethire ithinakam konduvanna 127 ists kesukalil 60 sathamaanavum paaristhithika kesukalaanennum visheshippichu. joseph iii. tippinu niyanthranatthil oru "thanutha" swaadheenam cheluthaanum angane "paarees karar aavashyappedunna kaalaavasthayil adiyanthiramaayi aavashyamaaya nadapadiye kuraykkuka" cheyyaanum kazhiyum.
tippinte karadu oorjja adhyayam 2016 joolaiyil rakshaakarthaavin chornnu. nirbandhitha oorjja laabhikkal nadapadikal nadappaakkunnathinum punarupayogikkaavunna vaidyuthi ulppaadanathilekku maarunnathine anukoolikkunnathinumulla europian shramangale eee karadu attimarikkum.
nayatthinte pradhana gadakangal.
jalam muthal kalavastha vyathiyaanam, vaayu, rasavasthukkal, prakrithi, jaivavaividhyam, shabdam, mannu, vanangal, maalinyangal, theeradesha, samudra paristhithi, vyavasaayam, malineekaranam, paristhithi ejansikal/niyanthranangal thudangiya vishayangal vare paristhithi nayathil ulppedunnu. paristhithi pravartthana paripaadikaliloodeyaanu (iii. eiii. pii) ithu roopappeduthunnathu, athil ettu ennam innuvare prasidheekarichittundu.
nayaparamaaya udaaharanagal.
europian paristhithi gaveshanavum naveekarana nayavum.
europian paristhithi gaveshanavum naveekarana nayavum lakshyamidunnathu prakrithi paristhithiyumaayi samanvayippichu vibhavakshamathayullathum kalavastha-prathirodhasheshiyullathumaaya oru samoohavum sambadvyavasthayum kettippadukkunnathinaayi gaveshanavum naveekaranavum prolsaahippikkuka ennathaanu. europile gaveshanathinum naveekaranathinum lokamembaadumulla pankaalitthatthinu thuranna 2020leeii paripaadiyude chakravaalatthinte saambathika pinthuna undu.
jala chattakkoodinulla nirddeshavum pakshikalude nirddeshavum.
2015 oode nadikal, thadakangal, bhoogarbha, theeradesha jalam enniva "nalla nilavaaramulla" acan lakshyamidunna jalanayathinte oru udaaharanamaanu jala chattakkood nirddesham. 1979 ll thanne sthaapithamaaya pakshikalude nirddeshavum aavaasavyavasthayude nirddeshavum jaivavaividhyathinteyum prakrithi aavaasavyavasthayudeyum samrakshanathinaayulla europian union niyamanirmmaanatthinte bhagangalaanu. ennirunnaalum eee samrakshanangal mrugangaleyum sasyangaleyum nerittu ulkkollunnu; europian union niyamaprakaaram fangasukalkkum sookshumajeevikalkkum samrakshanamilla. prakrithidatha 2000 padhathiyiloode nadappaakkunna eee nirddeshangal europiludaneelamulla 30,000 saittukale ulkkollunnu.
paristhithi kuttakrithya nirddesham.
criminal niyamatthinte upayogathiloode paristhithiye samrakshikkaan lakshyamitulla 2008 leeii oru upakaranamaan paristhithi kuttakrithya nirddesham. prasidheekarichu oru pathittaandilere kazhinjappol, europian harita karaarinte bhaagamaayi, europian kammeeshan saadhaarana pizhayum thadavum ozhikeyulla vyakthamaaya nirvachanangalum uparodhangalum upayogichu paaristhithika kuttakrithyangalude nadapakkalum prosecution shakthippeduthukayenna lakshyathode oru puthiya nirddeshathinulla nirddesham samarppichu.