
skotlandile mahathaaya viplavam

skotlandile mahathaaya viplavam 1688 leeii mahathaaya viplavathinte scotish gadakathe soochippikkunnu, athil jaims VII-nuu pakaram addehathinte makal merii randaman bharthaav vilyam randaman scotlandileyum englandileyum samyuktha rajaakkanmaaraayi. 1707 nuu munbu, rund raajyangalum oru pothu rajaavu pankittirunnuvenkilum vyathyastha niyamaparamaaya sthaapanangalaayirunnathil onnil theerumaanangal mattonnumayi bandhippichirunnilla. iru raajyangalilum, viplavam kireedatthinu mail paarlamentinte praadhaanyam sthireekarichu, athesamayam scotland charchu episcopal raashtreeyathekkaal oru presbitteriyanaayi veendum sthaapikkappettu.
iru rajyangalileyum vyapakamaaya pinthunayode 1685 februvariyil jaims raajaavaayengilum, addehathinte vyakthiparamaaya katholikkathayodulla sahishnutha pothuve mathathinu baadhakamalla. englandileyum scotlandileyum paarlamentukal katholikkarkkulla niyamaparamaaya niyanthranangal pinvalikkaan visammathichappol, jaims avare suspended cheyyukayum utharaviloode bharikkukayum cheythu. 1688 juunil oru catholica anantharaavakaashiyude jananam skotlandilum englandilum vyapakamaaya sivil disorderinu kaaranamavukayum engleesh raashtreeyakkaarudeyum sainikarudeyum oru sakhyam vilyaminu kshanam nalkukayum cheythu. engleesh simhaasanathinte anantharaavakaashiyenna nilayil meriyude avakashangal nadappilakkunnathinaayi dutch sainika edapedaline pinthunaykkaan avar sammathichu; 1688 november 5 nuu vilyam thekk-padinjaaran englandil ethi, desember 23 nuu jaims francilake palayanam cheythu.
shanathil skotlandinte pankaalittham illengilum, muthirnna scots brigade dutch adhinivesha senayude bhagamaavukayum irubhaagathum skottukal pramukhamaavukayum cheythu. vilyaminte upadeshtaakkalil palarum leven, melville thudangiya protestant naadukadatthappettavaraayinu, jayimsinte ettavum adutha upadeshtaakkal rund scots catholicaraayirunnu, pertthinte erl, addehathinte sahodaran melfort. 1689 januvari 7 nuu scotish privy kaunsil scotland estettu kanvenshan thiranjeduppu nadakkunnathuvare reejantaayi pravartthikkaan vilyaminodu aavasyappettu. 1689 februvariyil, vilyamum meriyum englandinte samyuktha rajaakkanmaaraayi niyamikkappedukayum maarchil, skotlandumaayi samanamaaya oru othutheerppinu kanvenshan othucherukayum cheythu.
englandil viplavam vegathilum thaarathamyena raktharahithavumaayirunnu, jayimsine pinthunachu scotish uyarnnuvannathu ganyamaaya naashanashtangalkk kaaranamavukayum pathinettaam noottaandinte pakuthi vare jacobitism oru rashtreeya shakthiyaayi thudarukayum cheythu. 2016-ll, viplavathinte bhedagathikalilonnaaya 1689-leeii avakaashavaada niyamam, scotland brexittumaayi bandhappettathaano ennathinekkurichulla niyamaparamaaya vaadangalil paraamarsikkappettu.
pashchaathalam.
"skotlandile mahathaaya viplavam moshamaayi manassilakkappettittund...poornnamaaya chikilsayilla...englandil namukkullathumayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunna reethiyil nilavilundu, 1689 leeii scotish bharanaghadanaa othutheerppinekkurich (avakasha avakaashavaadathilum paraathikalude lekhanangalilum ulppeduthiyittullathu) thulyamaayi namukk pandithochithamaaya vishakalanamilla...avakaashangalude engleesh prakhyapanam.
scotlandileyum englandileyum mahathaaya viplavathinte vyathyastha pathakal rund raajyangalum thammilulla raashtreeyavum mathaparavumaya vyathyasangalil ninnaan uthbhavichath, avaa 1638 muthal 1651 vareyulla moonnu raajyangalude yudhangalum 1660 leeii punarudhaaranavum vyathyasthamayi anubhavichu. mathavum rashtreeya prathyayashaasthravum thammilulla adutha bandhatthinte ardham tharkkangal valia sthaanachalanathinum naashathinum kaaranamaayi ennaanu; aabhyanthara yudhangalile maranangal onnaam lokamahaayudhathil yunaittad kingdom pinneedu anubhavichathinekkaal aanupaathikamaayi sathamaanathil kooduthalaayirunnu.
presbytarian vezhsas episcopalian ippol ghadanayilum sidhaanthathilum vyathyaasangal soochippikkunnu, pakshe pathinezhaam noottaandil ithu anganeyayirunnilla. "episcopalian" ennaal rajaavu niyamikkunna bishappumaarude bharanam ennaanu ardhamaakkunnathu, athesamayam "presbytarian" gadanakal sabhakal naamanirddesham cheytha mooppanmaaraanu bharichirunnathu; skotlandil, irupakshavum saidhaanthika kaalvinistukalaayirunnu. scotish paarlamentil bishappukal irunnathinaal, avarude pankinekkurichulla vaadangal mathaparamaya aachaaratheppole raashtreeyathekkurichaayu. 1638, 1651, 1661 ennee varshangalile bharanamattangal athiraalikale ozhivakkiya vijayikalilekku nayichu, ithu kirkkinte niyanthranathinulla malsaram kooduthal kayperiyathaakki.
chaals randaamanu niyamaanusrithamaaya kuttikallillaathathinaal, addehathinte sahodaran jaims scotish, engleesh simhaasanangalude anantharaavakaashiyaayirunnu. 1669ll addeham rahasyamaayi catholica mathathilekku parivartthanam cheythu; 1679ll ithu pothu arivaayappol, engleesh paarlament addehathe engleesh simhaasanathil ninnu ozhivakkaan shramichu.
skotlandinte chila bhaagangalil, prathyekichu thekk padinjaaru, 1684 novemberile aduthide upekshicha sathyaprathinja ithinakam thanne pirimurukkamulla saahacharyathe sajeevamaayi prakopippicha oru sankeernamaaya sahacharyam jaims paarambaryamaayi nedi. chaals raajaavinte keezhil sameepakaalath nadanna janapreethiyillaathathum krooravumaaya sarkkar adichamarthalaayirunnu kolapathakakaalam, aargil raajaavinte uyarchayude roopathil addehathinte bharanathodulla protestant sainika ethirppu eluppathil adichamarthappettappol, skotlandinte mattu bhaagangalil jaimsinu pinthuna valare kooduthalaayi thonni; 1681leeii scotish pinthudarchaavakaasha niyamam 'matham pariganikkathe' niyamaparamaaya anantharaavakaashiyenna nilayil addehathinte padavi sthireekarichu. engleesh simhaasanathil ninnu addehathe ozhivaakkunnath asaadhyamaakkukayennathaayinu thangalude lakshyamennum niyamam prasthaavichu...oru aabhyantharayudhathinte bhayanakamaaya prathyaaghaathangal.'1681leeii scotish testt aaktil ithu veendum sthireekarikkappettu, nirnaayaka yogyathayulla ellah sarkkar udyogastharum emm. pii. esum yadhaartha protestant mathathe uyarthippidikkumennu vaagdaanam cheythu.'jayimsinte vyakthiparamaaya vishwaasangalodulla sahishnutha pothuve catholica mathathilekku vyapichirunnilla, aaa vyathyaasathe vilamathikkunnathil addeham paraajayappettath aathyanthikamayi addehathinte mozhiparayalilekk nayichu.
jaims VII-nte mozhimattam.
1685ll skotlandile jayimsinte sthaanam englandilethinekkaal surakshithamaayirunnu. 1681leeii scotish pinthudarchayum pareekshana niyamangalum 'matham pariganikkathe' raajaavine anusarikkuka ennathu niyamaparamaaya baadhyathayaayi maattiyengilum pakaram scotland sabhayude athawa kirkkinte praadhaanyam sthireekarichu. janakeeya pinthunayude abhavam moolam aargil uyarnnuvannathu thakarnnu; testt act raddaakkiyathu jayimsinte episcopalian aditharaye durbalappeduthukayum aargil pinthunaykkunna vimatha presbetteriyanmaarkku prathiphalam nalkukayum cheythu.
jaims thante prathibaddhathakal avaganikkaan thayyaaraanenna dhaarana, addehathinte kireedadhaarana prathinjayum swantham anuyaayikalum addehathinte nayangale durbalapedutthi. 1685 oktobarile fontainblue saasanam franch protestantumaarodulla sahishnutha raddaakkiyathinaal adutha anchu varshathinullil 200,000 muthal 400,000 vare protestantukal fraansil ninnu palayanam cheyyaan kaaranamayathinaal avar samayakramam moshamaayirunnu. 1686-ll 2,000-thiladhikam swis valdensianmaarude vadham franch neethrthwathilulla catholica ethir-parivarthanatthaal protestant europe bheeshani neridumenna aashanka shakthippeduthi.
1688 juunil, rund sambhavangal viyojippukale oru prathisandhiyakki; juun 10 nuu jaims francis edwardinte jananam oru catholica anantharaavakaashiye srishtichu, avar jayimsinte protestant makal meriye pinthudarnnu vilyam oof ooranchine vivaham kazhichu. katholikkarude swaathanthryam vardhippikkuka maathramaan thaan aagrahikkunnathenn jaims vaadichenkilum, ezhu bishappukalethiraya addehathinte prosecution ithinappurathekku pookunnathaayi thonnukayum episcopal sthaapanathinethiraaya akramanamaayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheythu; juun 30 nuu avare veruthevittathu jayimsinte rashtreeya adikaaram nashippichu.
1685-ll jayimsine marikadannaal aabhyantharayudham undaakumenn palarum bhayapettu; 1688 aayappozhekkum catholica virudha kalapangal addehathe neekkam cheythaal maathrame athu thadayaan kazhiyoo ennu thonni. englandile sambhavangal jayimsinte mukhya upadeshtaavine athivegam vardhippichappol, sunderlandile earl henry sidniyumaayi rahasyamaayi ekopippichu vilyathilekkulla kshanam thayyarakki, sayudha edapedalinaayi engleesh rashtreeya varggathil udaneelam ninnu pinthuna urappunalki. fraansinethire engleesh saambathikavum sainikavumaaya pinthuna nedunnathinaayi utkandaakulanaaya vilyam november 5 nuu 14,000 aalukalumayi brixamil ethi; addeham munnerumbol, rajakeeya sainyathinte bhooribhaagavum upekshikkukayum desember 23 nuu jaims naadukadatthappedukayum cheythu.
sambhavangalil scotland thaarathamyena nishkriyamaayi thudarnnappol, rajaavu francilake palayanam cheythukazhinjaal, edinburghile alkkootta kalapam hollrudile chaappal royalil ninnu jesyoottukale neekkam cheythu. englandile sambhavangal oru scotish parihaarathe munkootty nirthalaakki. 1689 februvariyil engleesh paarlament vilyathinum merikkum avarude simhasana vaagdaanam cheythappol, 1689 epril 4 vare jaims skotlandile rajaavaayi thudarnnu. englandil bhooripaksham perum meriye avalude pithaavin pakaram maattanamenn sammathichappol, vilyam addehathe samyuktha rajaavaayum avar marichupoyaal eaka bharanadhikaariyaayum niyamikkanamenn aavasyappettu. ithu churukkipparanjaal maathrame amgeekarikkappettulloo. skotlandil, kirkkinullile pilarpp vilyamine kooduthal praadhaanyamarhikkunnu; addehathinte calvinism ardhamaakkunnathu presbitteriyakkaar addehathe oru swaabhaavika sakhyakakshiyayi kaanumbol episcopal nyoonapakshathinu niyanthranam nilanirthaan addehathinte pinthuna aavasyamaanu ennaanu.
estettukalude kanvenshan.
1689 januvari 7nuu scotish privy kaunsil oru othutheerppinu sammathikkunna oru scotish kanvenshan nilanilkke sarkkar ettedukkaan vilyaminodu aavasyappettu. maarchil thiranjedukkappetta 125 prathinidhikalil 70 pere presbytarian aayi tharamthirichu, jaimsinu vishwasthanaaya oru cheria nyoonapakshavum; ithu kanvenshane kirkkinteyum rajakeeya adhikaarathinteyum niyanthranathekkurichu episcopalianukalum prisbitteriyanmaarum thammilulla malsaramaakki.
march 12nuu jaims irelandil ethi, 16nuu kanvenshanulla oru kathu vaayikkukayum anusarikkathirikkukayum anusarikkaathathinu shiksha nalkumennu bheeshanippeduthukayum cheythu. pothujanangalude rosham ardhamaakkunnathu chila episcopalmaar kanvenshanil pankedukkunnathu nirtthi, thangalude surakshayekkurich bhayappedunnathaayi avakaashappedukayum mattullavar paksham maarukayum cheythu. duke oof gorden jayimsinaayi eddinberg kotta viscant dundy hyland levikale recruit cheythathode pirimurukkangal uyarnnirunnu. swantham sainikarude kaavalkkararil adacha vaathilukalkk pinnil koodiya kanvenshanile presbytarian bhooripakshathe ithu athishayokthippeduthi.
1689 march 16nuu kireedatthinaayulla rund malsaraarthikalil ninnu labhicha kathukal pariganikkunnathinayi scotish estettukalude kanvenshan yogam chernnu. raajavaazhchayude karar swabhaavathekkurichulla jorjju buchanante vaadathe adisthaanamaakki epril 4 nuu avar jaims VII-neey padaviyil ninnu neekkam cheyyaan vottu cheythu.
aaa masavasanam, kanvenshan avakaashathinte avakaashavaadavum paraathikalude lekhanavum sweekarichu, scotish bharanaghadanaa niyamatthinte samakaalika aavasyakathakalaayi avar kandathu kanakkakki. eee niyamangal lamghichukondu jaims cheytha pravartthanangal kaaranam scotish simhasana nashtappettathaayum athu prakhyaapichu.
kazhinja desemberil jaims thante simhasana 'upekshichu' ennu engleesh paarlament nireekshichu, athuvazhi mattoraalkk sthaanam labhyamaayi; skotlandil 1689 epril 4 nuu moonnu estettukalude oru kanvenshan jaims VII niyamaprakaaram aavashyamaaya kireedadhaarana prathinjja edukkaathe thanne rajabharana adikaaram etteduthu "kramarahithamayi pravarthichathaayi" prakhyaapichu. angane, addeham "kireedatthinulla avakasham nashtappedutthukayum simhasana ozhinjukidakkukayum cheythu". ithoru adisthaanaparamaaya vyathyasamaayirunnu; sariyaaya niyamatthinte vaakkukalil paranjaal, "raajakudumbathinte adisthaana bharanaghadanaye akramikkukayum athine niyamaanusrithamaaya parimithamaaya rajavaazhchayil ninnu ekapaksheeyamaaya svechaadhipathya shakthiyilekku maattukayum cheytha" pravarthanangaliloode jaims thante simhasana nashtappettuvennu paarlamentinu theerumaanikkaan kazhiyumenkil, rajaakkanmaarude daivika avakaashathinte thathwam avasaanippikkunna vidhathil paarlamentil ninnaan rajaakkanmaar niyamasadhutha nediyathu.
episcopalism samrakshikkaanulla shramathil scotish bishappukal englandumaayi union nirddeshichenkilum ithu engleesh paarlament nirasichu. epril 11 nuu, kanvenshan jayimsinte bharanam avasanippikkukayum paraathikalude lekhanangalum skotlandile praadhamika niyamanirmmaana adhikaaramaakki paarlamentine mattunna avakasha niyamatthinte avakaashavaadavum sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
1689 meyy 11 nuu vilyamum meriyum scotish simhasana sweekarikkukayum juun 5 nuu kanvenshan oru samboornna paarlamentaayi maarukayum cheythu. dundyude uyarcha, presbetteriyan pinthunaye vilyam aasrayikkunnathine eduthukaanikkukayum addeham bishappukale nilanirthaanulla sramangal avasanippikkukayum cheythu, ithu 1690 leeii settilment act oof presbytarianism punasthaapikkunnathilke nayichu. skotlandile mahathaaya viplavam paarlamentinum kirkinum kooduthal swaathanthryam nalki, ennaal episcopacy avasaanichathu rashtreeya varggathinte oru pradhana bhaagathe ottappeduthi; 1707 leeii union niyamatheyum scotish jacobite prasthaanatheyum kurichulla charchakalil ithu oru pradhana gadakamaayirikkum.
paarlament.
puthiya sarkkaarile pradhana vyakthikal 1683-ll netherlandsile vilyathil chernna loard melville aayirunnu, jaims VIII-nte bharanathile muun amgamaaya raie house plottinum erl oof stairsinum sesham. 1689-ll, melville skotlandile stettu sekrattariyaayi niyamichu, paarlamentinte presbytarian aadhipathyam kuraykkaan uddeshichulla oru kompineshan loard advakkettu aayi.
paarlamentinu eathu niyamanirmmanam charcha cheyyaamennu theerumaanikkunna thiranjedukkappedaatha oru sthaapanamaaya articles kammittiyum kirkkile episcopacy nirthalaakkunnathinekkurruku oru sthambhanamaayirunnu aadya session. thalphalamaayi, niyama udyogastharkkulla nikuthiyo naamanirddeshangalo amgeekarikkaan paarlament visammathikkukayum niyama kodathikal phalapradamaayi adachupoottukayum paarlament amgeekaricha niyamangalkk rajakeeya sammatham thadanjukondu niyamanirmmanam thadayukayum cheythu.
munbu vilyaminte mukhya pinthunakkaaril oralayirunna sarr jaims montgomeriyude neethrthwathil bhooribhaagam empimaarum club enna sarkkar virudha groupaayi svayam roopeekarichu, ennaal melville stettu sekrattariyaayi thiranjedutthathil deshyappettu. montgomeriyeppolulla chilar padaviyil ninnu ozhivaakkunnathine veruthe ethirthappol, mikkavarum rashtreeya adisthaanathil sarkkaarine ethirkkukayum praadhamikamaayi lekhanangalude samitiye illaathaakkaan aagrahikkukayum cheythu. bishappukale kirkkil ninnu neekkam cheyyaan sammathichukondu sarkkar vittuveezhcha cheythuvenkilum killikranki yudhathethudarnnu august 2 nuu paarlament suspended cheyyappedunnathinu munbu articles kammitti nirthalaakkunnathine ethirthu.
irelandile jacobite yuddham, skotlandile airish adhinivesham, malayora pradeshangalil thudarunna aswasthatha enniva kaaranam uyarnna pirimurukkamulla anthareekshathil 1690 eprilil paarlament veendum yogam chernnu. annandelinteyum loard rosinteyum marcus aaya montgomery ulppedunna montgomery plott ennu vilikkappedunna oru jacobite goodaalochana kandethi. ithinte falamaayundaaya paribhraanthiyil, articles kammitti nirthalaakkaan melvil sammathichu, ennirunnaalum goodaalochana yadhaarthathil ethratholam gurutharamaayirunnuvennu ippozhum vyakthamalla. athinte pradhana lakshyam nediyathode club vighadikkukayum juun 7 nuu paarlament episcopacy nikuthi graantum avasaanippikkunna oru niyamathinu amgeekaaram nalkukayum cheythu.
1689, 1690 paarlamentari sammelanangalil ninnu uyarnnuvanna bharanaghadanaa othutheerppu 1641-neey apekshichu samoolamaayirunnilla. paarlament vilikkaanum pirichuvidaanum pirichuvidaanumulla avakasham ulppedeyulla pradhana prathyekaavakaashangal kireedatthinu nilanirtthiyirunnuvenkum articles kammitti nirthalaakkiyathinu pakaramaayi paarlamentinu niyamanirmmaana ajandayude niyanthranam nalki.
mathaparamaya othutheerppu.
1660 nuu sesham episcopalianukalum cameronianmaarum thammilulla samgharshangal aazhathilulla vibhajanam srishtichappol parajayappetta athiraalikale ozhippikkunnathum saadhaarana nilayilekku konduvannu. 1690 novemberil nadanna kirkkinte pothusabhaayogam 1654 nuu sheshamulla aadyathethaanu, athu vilikkunnathinu munbuthanne 200 ladhikam kanformist, episcopal manthrimaare avarude jeevithathil ninnu neekkam cheythirunnu.
ithinartham, episcopalisathinte eathenkilum alavukol nirasikkukayo ithinakam purathaakkappettavare punasthaapikkukayo cheytha theevravaadi presbytarianmaar chernnathaanu sammelanam. oru saha kaalvinist aayirunnittum, oru pradhana rashtreeya niyojakamandalathe anyavalkkarikkunnathinte apakadangal thirichariyumbol thanne, episcopalinmarode kooduthal sahishnutha pulartthiyirunna vilyam avare saadhyathayulla sakhyakakshikalayi kandu. ennirunnaalum, niyamasabha episcopacy illaathaakkukayum teyude thekkum vadakkum rund commissionukal srishtikkukayum cheythu, athu adutha 25 varshathinullil ellah manthrimaaril moonnil rund bhaagatheyum neekkam cheythu. 1692 leeii potusabha, pala prisbetteriyakalilum edavaka purohithanmaar kuravo illayo aayi, presbetarianism sweekarikkumennu prathijnjayeduttha episcopal manthrimaare polum punasthaapikkaan visammathichu.
vilyam 1693lum 1695lum addehathe rajaavaayi amgeekaricha manthrimaare punasthaapikkunna rund pravrithikal purappeduvichu; noorolam purohithanmaar ithu muthaledukkukayum 1707ll kooduthal edapedal nadathukayum cheythappol jacobite episcopalianukaludeyum chila samoohakkaarudeyum oru cheria sheshipp maathrame avasheshichulloo. anthima othutheerppu 1649leeii kooduthal samoolamaaya sthaanathekkaal 1592leeii sthaanathodu aduthirunnathinaal kirke bharanakoodavum thammilulla swaathanthryathinte alavu avyakthamaayi thudarnnu. saadhaarana rakshaakarthruthvam saidhaanthikamaayi nirthalaakkappettengilum, paarambaryakkaarum mooppanmaarum sabhaykku "vilikkaan" kazhiyunna avarude swantham edavakakalilekku sthaanaarthikale naamanirddesham cheyyaanulla avakasham nilanirtthi.
jacobite prathirodham.
scotish paarlamentil presbetteriyanmaarude aadhipathyamundaayirunnu, laattin bhashayil jaims ennartham varunna jacobusil ninnulla jacobiteukal ennariyappedunna oru cheria koottam stuvartt vishwastharundaayirunnu. ithil roman catholica nyoonapakshatthile amgangal, yaadhaasthithika episcopalianmaar allengil skotlandile addehathinte sainika medaaviyaaya viscant dandiyeppolulla vyakthiparamaaya bandhamullavar ennivar ulppedunnu. bhooribhaagavum jamesineo vilyamineyo kurichu utsaahamillaathavaraayirunu, athesamayam jacobiteukal protestant, roman catholica vibhaagangalkkidayil vibhajikkapettu.
vilyam allengil jayimsinodulla kooru kooduthal praadhaanyamulla vamshavidveshangalo lalithamaaya avasaravaadamo ulla irelandile jayimsinte irakkathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi skotlandil oru prachaaranatthinu dundy neethrthwam nalki. 1670-kalil campbellukalkku nashtappetta pradeshangal veendedukkunnathinaayi presbetteriyan maculance jacobiteukalumaayi chernnu, athesamayam jacobite keppoch mcadonalds invernessine pirichuvidaan sramikkukayum dundy edapettathinushesham maathrame avare vaangukayum cheythulloo. joolaiyil killikrankiyil vijayam nediyengilum, yaakkobaayikalkk dundy ulppede kanatha nashtam neridendi vannu. puthiya bharanakoodathodulla vishwasthatha nadappilakkaan rund varsham koodi vendivannuvenkilum 1690 meyy 1 nuu cromdale yudhathil paraajayappettathode samghadithamaaya cheruthunilppu avasaanichu.
vilayiruthal.
mahathaaya viplavam scotland sabhayile presbitteriyanmaarudeyum raashtreeyathile vigsinteyum aadhipathyam sthirappeduthiyenkilum rashtreeya varggathile oru pradhana vibhaagathe anyavalkkarichu. pathinettaam noottaandinte pakuthi vare skotlandilum englandilum wig aadhipathyam thudarnnu.
englandilennapole, viplavam kireedatthinu mail paarlamentinte aadhipathyam sthireekarichu, ennaal bishappukale kirkkil ninnu neekkam cheythathiloode athu rashtreeya varggathile oru pradhana vibhaagathe anyavalkkarichu. deerghakaalaadisthaanathil, 1715lum 1745lum highlander allengil lolander ennathinekkaal episcopalianism jacobite pinthunayude pradhana nirnnayaka gadakamaayirunnu. onpathu varshathe yudhathilum spanish pinthudarchaavakaasha yudhathilum skotlandinte pankaalittham aathyanthikamayi union pravarthanangalilekkum grettu brittan srishtikkunnathilekkum nayichu, kaaranam scotland englandum thammilulla vibhajikkapetta pinthudarchaavakaashatthinte apakadam shaashvathamaaya oru prameyathinte aavasyakathaykku kaaranamaayi.