
freeman echu. emm. murre

freeman echu. emm. washington dii. sii. yile oru boudhika, pouraavakaasha pravartthakanum pathrapravartthakanumaayirunnu murey (septambar 22,1859-februvari 20,1950).sii. alexandria, virgenia. karuthavarggakkaarude bhawana udamasthaavakaasham prolsaahippikkunnathum jiim kakka niyamangaleyum alkkootta kolapathakangaleyum athirkkunnathilum pothu kalayil aafrikkan amerikkakkaarude nalla praathinidhyathe pinthunaykkunnathilum addeham sajeevamaayirunnu. nayagra prasthaanatthinte sthaapaka amgamaayirunna addeham athinte jenalaaya "dhii horizoninte" edittaraayirunnu. iii. bii. duu bois, laafayettu emm. hershah. thante mattu kruthikalkkoppam, oru pradhana boudhika neethaavaayirunna murey kalaa vimarshanathinte swaadheenamulla oru pusthakam ezhuthukayum cheythu. ithil, aafrikkan american kalayude aadya charitrakaaranmaaril oraalaayirunnu murey. aafrikkan amerikkakkaarude praathinidhyam kala gauravamaayi edukkanamennum pothu kalayil naayakanmaarude praathinidhyathinum mahatwatinum anukoolamaayi adimatham avaganikkappedaruthennum addehathinte kruthikal aagraham prakadippichu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
freeman henry morris murey 1859 septambar 22 nuu ohaayoyile clevelandil janichu. addehathinte pithaav joonn emm aayirunnu. scotish vamshajayaaya mureye oru karutha vargakkaariye vivaham kazhichathinu addehathinte kudumbam nirasichu. american aabhyantharayudhathile panthrandaamatthe ohiyo kaalaalppadayile amgamaayirunna joonn 1862 august 27 nuu bull rann bridjil vachu randaam bull rann yudhathinte aamukhathil marichu. addehathinte amma maartha bentli aayirunnu, pithaav airish aayirunnu, amma thaddesheeya amerikkakkaariyum aafrikkan amerikkaariyumaayirunnu. dambathikalkku clevelandil oru thayyal bisinesses undaayirunnu. pithaav marichathinushesham, addehathinte amma kudumbatthe ohaayoyile sinsinnaattiyilekku maatti. primery skoolinu sesham, moonnu karutha vargakkaraaya vidyaarthikalil oralaaya oru adhyapakanaakaan pariseelanam nedunnathinaayi murey moundu helipili academic pooyi. 1875-ll addeham academyil ninnu birudam nedi. oru grandhalekhakanaayirunna murey, ammayude pithaav daniel bentliyotoppam vaitt washing, painting bisinessil thudarnnum pravartthikkumbol franch, laattin bhashakal padichu. adimathakaalathu bhoogarbha reyilveyil oru steshan pravarthippikkukayum aabhyantharayudhathinusham aafrikkan american purogathikkaayi pravartthikkunnathu thudarukayum cheytha daniel bentli murreik oru pradhana prachodanamaayirunnu. taamasiyaathe, oru adthyaapana jolie ettedukkunnathinaayi murey kentakkiyile kovingtonilekku maari. sinsinnatti inquirer" enna sthaapanathil addeham oru aprenteeshippum sweekarichu, avide editting prasidheekarana parichayavum nedi. pinneedu jeevithathil addeham washington dii. siyile howard sarvakalashaalayil padikkukayum oduvil anchu bhashakal padikkukayum cheythu.
1883ll murey lora hamiltone vivaham kazhichu. avarkk anchu kuttikalundaayirunnu. oru makal, kathleen paige murey, nayagra prasthaanathinaayi pravarthichu. 1898-ll addehathinte makal merii vivian bharya kshayarogam baadhichu marichu. 1898 septambar 1 nuu, murey thante liv-inn nania yajamanathiyaaya delila vivaham kazhichu-avar lorayude cussin aayirunnu. avarkk florence rogezhs enna oru makalundaayirunnu. mureykk kuranjathu rund penmakkalenkilum undaayirunnu, kathleen (lakkett), florence, rund aanmakkal, eph. morris vilyam emm. freeman echu. emm. pramukha alexandria doctor vilyam aalan phular oodichirunna kaaril idicha murey rund divasathinu sesham 1950 februvari 20 nuu washington dii. siyil vachu marichu.
washingtonilekku maaruka, dii.sii..
1884-ll ohaayoyile sivil sarvees pareekshayil vijayicha murey washington dii. sii. pradeshathekku thamasam maarukayum avidevechu yudhavakuppinte pension divisionile oru sthaanathekku niyamikkappedukayum ohiyoyil ninnu oru federal sthaanathekku niyamikkappedunna aadyathe karuthavargakkaaranaayi maarukayum cheythu. murre virjeeniyayile alexandriayilekku thamasam maari, avide addeham oru riyal estettu bisinesses aarambhichu. peedanatthinum alkkootta kolapaathakatthinum irayaakunna aafrikkan amerikkakkaarkk surakshithamaaya oru veedaayi addeham "aabhyantharayudhaananthara bhoogarbha railway samvidaanam" aayi kanakkakkiya oru valia maanar house vaangi. thante sahodaran joninoppam addeham mure sahodaranmaarude printarukalum prasidheekarana kambaniyum srishtichu.
aafrikkan-american raashtreeyathilum aakdivisathilum murey valare sajeevamaayirunnu. addeham frederic dougless, idaa bii ennivarodoppam pravarthichu. wells, laafayettu emm hershah, jaims emm vaaldron, vilyam moonroo trotter, dablyu. iii. bii. neeyoru booy. alkkootta kolapaathakathinethire pooraadunnathinaayi kinarukalumaayi pravartthikkunnathil murey prathyekichum sajeevamaayirunnu. dougless marichathinushesham, frederic dougless memorial semiteriyude kaavalkkaaranaayi murey maari. booker tii. yeei ethirthu murey pathivayi ezhuthukayum samsaarikkukayum cheythirunnu. aavashyamaaya maattatthinte samoolamaaya swabhaavam thirichariyunnathil paraajayappettathin washingtoninte thanthrangale chodyam cheythukondu washington.
1890 eprilil, dablyu. bii. dulani, revu. aarr. echu. porter, vilyam gray, murey ennivar karuthavargakkaare veedukal vaangunnathinum sambaadyam nikshepikkunnathinum sahayikkunnathinaayi nyoo eraa building association roopeekarichu. 1891 desemberil, murre, revu. echu. echu. yuddham cheyyukayum revu cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. richmandile virgenia niyamanirmmaanasabhaykk munnil verthiricha coach niyamangale ethirkkunnathinaayi oru koottam alexandria karuthavarggakkaar porttare thiranjedutthu.
hoome nyoos" enna peril oru pathram nadathiyirunna murey trotterinte "boosttan guardian" enna vaarthayude washington karaspondantum mattu niravadhi pathrangalkkum jenalukalkkum vendi ezhuthukayum cheythu. 1901ll edward hill saha edittu cheytha dhii hoome nyoos enna jenal murey aarambhichu. guardianil mureyude sthaanam 1909 januvariyil aarambhichu. 1910kalil american neegro academyile udyogasthanaayirunnu murey. washington tribune enna mattoru prabandhavum addeham sthaapichu.
nayagra prasthaanam.
dablyu sthaapicha nayagra prasthaanatthinte sthaapaka amgamaayirunnu murey. iii. bii. 1906 augustil haarpezhs ferriyil nadanna grouppinte randaamathe deseeya yogathil udghaadana prasangam nadatthiya addeham prasthaanatthile oru pramukha amgamaayirunnu. nayagra prasthaanam enn-nte mungamiyaayirunnu.eiii.eiii.sii.pii.
1907ll mureyum mattullavarum booker tii. yeei ethirthu. black pressil washingtons tuskeggy instittyoottum theodor roosvelttum. washington thante sahayiyaaya newyork kasttams ejantu chaals dablyu. aandezhsan roosvelttinodu radikkalukalkkethire nadapadiyedukkaan nirddeshikkunnu. nayagra prasthaanatthile amgangal federal jolikal vahikkunna ashayathe aandezhsan ethirkkukayum murre sthaanabhrashtanaakkanamenn president roosvelttine bodhyappeduthunnathil vijayikkukayum cheythu.
chakravaalam.
nayagra prasthaanatthinte kaazhchappaadukal pracharippikkunnathinaayi, duu bois, hershah, eph. echu. emm. dhii horisoon" enna maasikayude prasidheekaranam murre aarambhichu. 1907 muthal 1910 vare jenal prasidheekarichu; mure printarum duu bois hersha saha-edittarmaaraayirunnu. emm. synclair vilyam moonroo trotter prasthaanatthile mattu pradhana kalikkaraayum maasikayil ulppettavarumaayum ariyapettu. chakravaalathinu hershaayude ettavum pathiv sambhavana "outtu-lukk" enna kolamaayirunnu, velutha lokathinte veekshanakonil ninnulla karutha anubhavathekkurichulla oru kazhcha, athesamayam karutha, karutha maadhyamangalude kazhchappadil ninnulla karutha anubhavathekkurichu "inn-lukk" nalki, duu bois thanikk aavasyamaanennu thonniya karutha anubhavathile eathu prashnathekkurichum "ovar-lukk" ezhuthi. booker tii yude samoolamaaya sthaanangale murreyude "dhii inn-lukk" palappozhum vimarshichu. washington anuyaayikalum. paper ellaayppozhum thikanja saamarasyathilaayirunnil, koodaathe "chakravaalatthil" ulppeduthenda metteeriyalinekkurich hersha mureyum idaykkide tharkkichirunnu. 1908ll duu bois, hershah, klement jii. morgan, dablyu. echu. ferris kellie miller troterumaayi bandham thakarkkukayum trotter jenalum chalanavum upekshikkukayum cheythu. kooduthal theevravaadatthinaayi trotter neegro american polittikkal leag srishtichu.
kalayude charithram.
1916ll addeham "emensipation aandu dhaa frieded american inn shilpa" enna swaadheenamulla oru pusthakam ezhuthi, athil addeham shilpathil aafrikkan amerikkakkaarude punk charcha cheythu. aafrikkan american samskaarathilum kalayilum purogathi kaivarikkaan murey vaadichu. vimochanam aaghoshikkunna shilpangalude pravanatha athinte veeranmaareyum mahathaaya yudhangaleyum kendreekarikkunnathilum avaa adimathathe avaganikkunnathilum athuvazhi deseeya bodhatthil athinte punk kuraykkunnathilum mureyude pusthakam shradha kendreekarikkunnu. adimathathinteyum karuthavargathinteyum charithrathinteyum praathinidhya raashtreeyavum oormmayum sambandhicha eee aashanka 20,21 noottaandukalile niravadhi pandithanmaare swaadheenichittundu.
pinneedulla jeevithathil.
thante jeevithathinte pilkkaalathu addeham alexandria naadakeeya club samghadippikkukayum samvidaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. alexandriayile oru mathanethaavum adthyaapakanum koodiyaayirunnu addeham. addeham padippicha roberts chaappal methadist palliyude primery sanday skoolinte thalavanaayirunnu.