
victorian kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil dakshinaafrikkayile cape tounile veshyaavrithi

dakshinaafrikkayile cape tounil victorian kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil veshyaavrithi oru kuttamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnum apoorvvamaayi maathrame vichaarana cheyyappettirunnulla. eee kaalayalavil bhooribhaagam veshyakalum praadeshika varnnakkaraaya sthreekalaayirunnu, ennirunnaalum laingika jolikalil pankedukkunna europian sthreekalum kuravaayirunnu. kaalakramena, pakarchavyaadhi niyamangalkk keezhil veshyakalkkethiraaya niyanthranangal vardhichu, dhaatu viplavathinteyum randaam boyer yudhathinteyum falamaayi cape tounil europian veshyakalilum veshyaavrithiyilum vardhanavundaayi.
veshyakalude tharangal.
victorian kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil keppu taunn veshyakal pradhaanamaayum naalu pradhana sevana vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkappettu doxide veshyakal, swatantra veshyakal, "vanchaka penkuttikal", veshyalaya sthreekal.
keppu tounile thuramukhangalil nirtthiya videsha naavikarumayi maathram edapedunna sthreekalaayirunnu doxide veshyakal. eee veshyakal bhakshanasaalakal, clubbukal, naavikar orumichu vinodam thedunna mattu pradeshangal ennivayil pathivayi pookukayum avarude kakshikalkk laingikavum saamoohikavumaaya sevanangalil earppedukayum cheythu (udha.jii. samsaarikkuka, kudikkuka, nritham cheyyuka). koodaathe, avarude upabhokthaakkalude anthaaraashtravum saamoohikavumaaya swabhaavam kaaranam, keppu tounile doxide veshyakalkk saadhaaranayaayi onniladhikam bhashakalil praaveenyamundaayirunnu.
cape tounile veshyakalil ettavum daridraraayirunnu swatantra veshyakal. eee veshyakal saadhaaranayaayi purathu thaamasikkukayum pravartthikkukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe avarude idapaadukaare beach, paarkkukal allengil table moundan ennividangalilekku vaanijyaparamaaya laingika kaimaattatthinaayi kondupookukayum cheiyunnu.
vanchaka penkuttikal" saamoohikamaayi sveekaaryamaaya thozhilukalulla sthreekalaayirunnu, pakshe panatthinaayi laingikabandhathil earppettukondu avarude kuranja vethanam nalki. avarude laingika kaimattangal avarude pothu amgeekritha joliyil ninnu vyathyasthamaayathinaal, eee "vanchaka penkuttikal" palappozhum adhikaarikalude shradhayil ninnu rakshapettu.
victorian kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathode, keppu tounile veshyakalil bhooribhaagavum veshyalaya vanithakalaayirunnu (veshyalayangalil jolie cheiyunna sthreekal). eee sthreekal veedinullil pravartthikkukayum chila sandarbhangalil murii, board thudangiya kaaryangalkkayi avarude veshyalaya sookshippukaaril ninnu kanatha chaarjukal neridendivarikayum cheythu. 1901 aayappozhekkum cape tounil motham 200 veshyaalayangal pravarthikkunnundenna police reportukal kanakkakkunnu.
veshyaavrithiyodulla dakshinaafrikkan manobhaavathil victorian prathyayashaasthra swaadheenam.
akkaalat oru britiish kolaniyenna nilayil, victorian samskaaravum aadarshangalum cape tounile samskaaratheyum aadarshangaleyum vyaapikkukayum swaadheenikkukayum cheythu. angane, laingika adichamarthalinum laingika shudheekaranathinum victoria nalkia oonnal brittanil ninnu keppu kolaniyilekku neengi.
victorian prabhaashanatthil, sthreekal vishudhiyum pavithrathayum nilanirtthanamennum avarkkulla laingika agrahangal adichamarthanamennum pratheekshichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, laingikathayude kaaryatthil purushanmaarum sthreekalum thammil erattathaappu nilaninnirunnu. sthreekaleppole, purushanmaarum oru paridhivare pavithratha nilanirthumennu pratheekshichirunnu; ennirunnaalum, purushanmaarkk sthreekalekkaal kooduthal laingika aagrahangalundennu parakke amgeekarikkappettu, athinaal aaa laingika agrahangal niravettunnathinaayi veshyakaleppole "dhaarmikatha kuranja" sthreekalilekku thiriyunnath saamoohikamaayi sveekaaryavum prothsaahippikkappudanu. eee yukthiye pinthudarnnu, keppu tounile veshyaavrithi "thripthikaramallaatha purusha vishappil" ninnu nilakollunna sthreekale samrakshikkunna oru "aavashyamaaya thinma" aayi kanakkakkappettu.
eee ashayam vyaapakamaayirunnuvenkil ellaavarum laingika erattathaappinodu yojichilla. laingika erattathaappinum purusha laingika adaarmikathaykkum ethire prachaaranatthinaayi vanita samghangal samghadippikkaan thudangi. thangalude pracharanangalil, eee vanita samghangal veshyakale irakalaayi visheshippikkukayum adaarmika purusha laingika mochanathinulla oru maarggamaayi laingika joliye lakshyamidukayum cheythu. veshyakalilekkum avarude purusha edapaadukaarilekkum vardhicha shradha cape tounil veshyaavrithiyude dhaarmika policinginu kaaranamaayi, ennirunnaalum akkaalat aupachaarika policing valare apoorvamaayirunnu.
laingika erattathaappum ethirppum keppu kolaniyilekku mattunnathinupurame, englandinte saamoohika vishudhi prasthaanam oduvil dakshinaafrikkayilekku praveshikkukayum 1893-ll aarambikkukayum cheythu. dakshinaafrikkayil, mithathwathinteyum saamoohika vishudhiyudeyum prasnangal colonial sthreekalumaayi prathidhwanikkukayum madyavum veshyaavrithiyum sambandhicha puthiya niyanthrana niyamanirmmanam avatharippikkan prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. 1898-ll, veshyaavrithi niyantrikkaanulla sramangalil eee prasthaanam vijayam kandu, oru police kuttakrithya bhedagathi niyamam pasaki, ithu pimpinginu shiksha nalkukayum abhyarthanaykkulla shiksha vardhippikkukayum cheythu.
pakarchavyaadhikal pravartthikkunnu.
1868leeii pakarchavyaadhi niyamam.
1868leeii pakarchavyaadhi niyamam (sii. dii. eiii) paasaakkiyathode keppu kolaniyile veshyaavrithi sthaapanavalkkarikkappedum niyanthrikkappedukayum cheythu. thudakkathil, keppu kolaniyile laingika rogangale lakshyamitulla niyamanirmmaanathinu praadeshika nivaasikalkkidayil valare kurachu aavashyakkaarundaayirunnu. pakaram, dakshinaafrikkayil nilayurappichirikkunna thangalude sainikarkkidayil laingika rogam padarunnathinekkurichu valareyadhikam ashankaakularaaya britiish saamraajyathva adhikaarikalil ninnaan sii. dii. eiii. pasakanullah sammarddam vannath. 1868-ll sii. dii. eiii. paasaakkiyat cape tounile veshyaavrithiyude avasthayilekku pothujanashradha aakarshikkukayum thaazhnna saamoohika vibhagangalil ninnu uyarnna saamoohika vibhaagangalilekku laingika roga malineekaranathekkurichu aashanka uyarthukayum cheythu.
1868 leeii sii. dii. eiii. yill veshyakalude rajistreshan aavasyappedukayum laingika rogangalkkayi aavarthichulla yoniyile parisodhanakal nirbandhamaakkukayum cheythu. veshyakal rogikalaanennu kandethiyaal avare chikilsaykkaayi poottiya aashupathrikalil praveshippikkum. victorian erattathaappil veroonniya ashayangalil pravartthikkunna eee niyamam veshyakale laingika rogathinte uravidamaayum laingika rogathinte prashnathinulla parihaaramaayi avarude shareerathinte niyanthranamaayum thiricharinju. sii. dii. eiii nadappaakkiyathu poleesaanu, ithu veshyakalum police thammil avishwaasavum pirimurukkavum srishtichu.
1868leeii pakarchavyaadhikal niyamathodulla prathikaranam.
1868 sii. dii. eiii. yude kadannupokal keppu kolaniyil pettennu ethirppu nerittu; athu kadannupoyi oru varshathinullil, oru nirmarjana pracharanam ithinakam aarambichirunnu. laingikarogam padarunnathinu veshyakale sii. dii. eiii anyaayamaayi kuttappeduthukayum avarude purusha idapaadukaarude punk avaganikkukayum cheythuvennum veshyayude shareerathekkurichulla sarkkaarinte niyanthranathodu avar viyojikkukayum cheythuvennum keppu tounile vanita grouppukal billine ethirthu. veshyakalum eee pravarthanatthinethire shakthamayi pinmaarukayum, yoni parishodhanakalude apamaanathinum loock ashupatri doctormaarude kaiyil ninnu avahelanathinum avar chila avasarangalil kalapam nadathukayum cheythu.
raddaakkaanulla aadya sramam doow. 1870ll koolani doktaraaya jorj vaitt, eee sramam parajayappettu. cape aargasinte udamayaaya soul solomon veshyakalodulla niyamavirudhamaaya police durupayogathinte oru parambara pracharippichappol maathramaan cda nirmmarjana prasthaanam shradha nediyathu. eee prasidheekaranangalethundar, 'pothujanagalkkulla appeel' prasidheekaricha 'association phoor dhii repire oof dhii panfectius diseases act' roopeekarikkappettu.eee appeelinu marupadiyaayi, keppu kolaniyude vividha bhaagangalil ninnulla kolanikkaar oduvil 1872ll vanna sii. dii. eiii raddaakkanamennu aavasyappettu niyamasabhayilekku kathayakkukayum nivedanangal ayaykkukayum cheythu.
pakarchavyaadhikal punasthaapikkal niyamam.
1868 cdaic atharamoru sakthamaaya ethirppu neridendi vannuvenkilum, keppu kolaniyil vardhichuvarunna syphilis pakarchavyaadhiyude saannidhyam kandethiyathode niyamam punasthaapikkaanulla aavasyam srishtichu. keppile sifilisinekkurichulla vardhichuvarunna pothujana paribhraanthikk saamraajyathva adhikaarikal avarude shabdam chertthu, athinusesham colonial medical kammitti taamasiyaathe chernnu. syphilis niyanthrikkanamenna eee puthiya pothu aavasyam 1885-ll eathaandu ethirppillaathe randaamathe sii. dii. eiii vegathil passacan vazhiyorukki. 1885leeii sii. dii. eiii veshyakalude rajistreshan nirbandhamaakkukayum laingikarogam baadhicha eathoru vyakthiyeyum vaidyaparicharanathinu keezhil sthaapikkaan jilla shasthrakriya vidagtharkku adikaaram nalkukayum cheythu. pothujanangale samadhaanippikkunnathinum muun niyamathil ninnulla tharkkavishayangal ozhivaakkunnathinum, oru majistrettu aavasyappedunnillenkil eratta parisodhanakal ozhivaakkukayum, poleesukaarkku pakaram veshyakale veendedukkaan saadhaarana inspectormaare niyamichu veshyakale police upadravikkunnathu abhisambodhana cheyyukayum cheythu. 1885leeii sii. dii. eiii 1919ll maathramaan keppil ninnu raddaakkappettathu.
dhaatu viplavam.
1880kalil transwall jambil swarnam kandethiyathode dakshinaafrikkayilekkula oru kootta kudiyettam aarambhichu. oru thuramukha nagaramenna nilayil, cape tounil kudiyettakkaarum, vettakkaarum, mattu kakshikalum dakshinaafrikkayil sambannaraayi marran shramichathode valia gathagathakkurukku anubhavappedukayum 1800kalude avasaanathode nagaratthile janasamkhya erattiyaayi. purusha kudiyettakkaarude uyarnna ennam kaaranam druthagathiyilulla janasamkhya vardhanavu purushanmaarilekku aanupaathikamaayi valanju, ithu cape tounil linga asanthulithaavastha srishtichu, ithu veshyaavrithiyiloode laabhathin valia avasaram thurannu. angane, niravadhi pimpukalum veshyakalum cape touniloode sanjarichu, chilar avide sthirathaamasamaakki.
dhaatu viplavam prachodippicha linga asanthulithaavasthayum janasamkhyaa valarchayum muthaleduttha oru praadhamika samgham aayirakkanakkin pavapetta jootha europian sthreekale dakshinaafrikkayilekku kadathaan thudangiya jootha europian pimbukalaayirunnu. eee europian sthreekale "kondinental womens" ennu vilichirunnu, 1896-ll boyer sarkkar veshyaavrithi niyamangal karshanamakkaan thudangiyappol, eee sthreekalil palarum theerathekku maarukayum keppu taunn polulla thuramukha nagarangalil kendreekarikkappedukayum cheythu. keppu tounile "bhookhanda vanithakalude" varavu niravadhi praadeshika veshyakale puratthaakkukayum nagaratthil veshyaavrithiyude professionalisathinu kaaranamaakukayum cheythu. eee "bhookhandathile sthreekale" kurichu keppu taunn nivaasikalkkidayil aashankakal uyaran thudangi, avarkk palappozhum madyapaanam, ashleelata, pothu durupayogam ennivaykku paraathikal labikkum.
randaam bower yuddham.
1899ll randaam boyer yuddham aarambhichathode dakshinaafrikkan thuramukha nagarangalil veendum valia thothil aalukalude varavu kandu. cape taunn uyarnna pradeshangalile abhayaarthikal, sainikar, naavikar ennivarumaayi niranjunilkkaan thudangi, ithu pimbukalkkum veshyakalkkum abhivridhippedaan anuyojyamaaya anthareeksham srishtikkunnu. moshanathinu eluppathil lakshyamitirunna abhayaarthikale irayaakkaan yudhakaalathe janasamkhya kudiyeriyathinethudarnnu kuttavaalikalum theerathekku neengaan thudangi. athanusarichu, cape tounil kuttakrithyangalude nirakk vardhikkaan thudangi, koodaathe veshyakalkkidayil cheria kuttakrithyangalum vardhichu. koodaathe, veshyaavrithi abhivridhippettathode veshyaalayangalude vyaapanavum nadannu.
randaam boyer yudhathinu munbu, keppu tounile veshyakal pradhaanamaayum europian sthreekalil oru cheria bhagam varunna praadeshika varnnakkaraaya sthreekalaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, yudhathinu thottumunbu dhaaraalam "bhookhanda vanithakalude" varavode, keppu tounile athivegam vikasichukondirikkunna veshyaalayangal vardhichuvarunna europian sthreekale ettedukkaan thudangi. koodaathe, dakshinaafrikkan veshyaalayangalilekk penkuttikale kadathunna anthaaraashtra kadathu aarambhichu. cape taunn veshyalayangalil velutha, europian sthreekalude vardhichuvarunna saannidhyam cape tounile madhyavargathil palareyum aashankappeduthi, kaaranam cape taunn nivaasikalkk thettaaya vamshavardhanavu (vividha vamshangalude parasparaprajananm), vamseeya vishudhi ennivayekkurichu aashankayundaayirunnu. vardhichuvarunna eee vamseeya aashankakalkku marupadiyaayi 1901ll paarlamentil pasakia 1902leeii dhaarmikatha niyamam avatharippichu. veshyaalayangalude vyaapanam mandagathiyilaakkaanum karuthavargakkaarum vella veshyakalum thammilulla laingikabandham nirodhikkanum eee niyamam lakshyamidunnu.