
moonnaam kaii puka

sigaratt, sigaratt allengil mattu jwalanakshamamaaya pukayila uthppannangal anachathinusesham nilanilkkunna pukayila puka moolamundaakunna malineekaranamaanu moonnaam kaii puka. "aadyakaala puka" ennathu pukavalikkunnayalude swantham shwaasakoshathilekku shwasikkunnathine soochippikkunnu, athesamayam "second hand puka" ennathu sigarattinte pukavalikkunna attathu ninnu puranthallunna pukayum mattu padaarthangalum chernna misrithamaanu, athu anthareekshathilekku praveshikkukayum mattullavarkk shwasikkaan kazhiyukayum cheiyunnu. "moonnaam kaii puka" allengil "ths" ennathu daana-farber/harward cancer sentaril ninnulla oru gaveshana samgham srishticha oru puthiya padaprayogamaanu, avide "moonnaam kaii" ennathu "second hand puka" neekkam cheythathinu sesham uparithalathile pukavali avashishtangale paraamarsikkunnu.
exposure aarogyaparamaya prathyaaghaathangalum.
shwasikkunnathiloodeyo charmma sanbarkkathiloodeyo allengil kazhikkunnathiloodeyo manushyarkk ths badhikkaam. furnitureukal, mathilukal, thara, vasthrangal ennivayulppede niravadhi saadhaarana prathalangalkk eee samyukthangal shekharikkaan kazhiyum. cheria kuttikal avarude kaikalil kaivekkukayo charmmatthilum vasthrangalilum vishavasthukkal ulla oru pukavalikkaarane kettippidikkukayo cheiyunnathinaal sisukkalkkum kochukuttikalkkum ithu ettavum valia dosham varuthaan saadhyathayundennu karuthappedunnu. shishukkalum tharayil izhayukayum aadyam kazhukippokaathe kaikondu bhakshanam kazhikkukayum cheiyunnu, vishavasthukkal avarude ippozhum vikasichukondirikkunna samvidaanangalilekku agiranam cheiyunnu.
northrap nadatthiya oru padanamanusarichu, prathivarsham 22 sathamaanam shishukkalum kuttikalum avarude veedukalil thanne shs/ths baadhitharaakunnu, ithil 126 dasalaksham pukavalikkaathavar prathivarsham doshakaramaaya pukayila uthppannangalkk vidheyaraakunnu.
gaveshanam parimithamaanengilum, eee eksposharumaayi bandhapetta niravadhi doshakaramaaya aarogya prathyaaghaathangalundu. shareerathinte swaabhaavika virudha bahyaavishkaara prathikaranatthil maattam varuthunnathiloodeyum, shwaasanaalangalile vardhicha kolajan nikshepam kaaranam shwasana ghadana punarnirmmikkunnathiloodu, dnaic sthiramaaya kedupaadukal varuthunnathiloodeyum murivu sukhappeduthunnathu durbalappeduthaanulla saadhyathayund. aasthma, chumayude rogaavastha vardhikkal, mattu shwaasakosha sambandhamaaya avasthakal ennivayaanu mattu aarogyaparamaya prathyaaghaathangal. garbhinikalaya ammamaarkk ths baadhayundengil, moonnaam thrimaasathil garbhapindatthinte shwaasakosha vikasanam mandagathiyilaakkum. kuttikalil, eee exposure pettennulla shisu marana syndrome (sids) ennathinoppam oru kaarana gadakamaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, koodaathe valarunna kuttikalil vaijnjaanikavum oormmakkuravum bandhappettirikkunnu. eee pradhaanamaayum saidhaanthika bandhangal yadhaarthathil manushyaril yaadhaarthyabodhamulla exposure thalangalil kaaryakaaranamaano allayo ennathu kaanendathundu.
vividha sell parishodhanakalilum moonnaam kaii puka pareekshichittundu. koshangalude exposure dna strand breakkukal, vyaapanam thadayal, koshangalude maranam ennivayude nireekshanatthilekku nayikkumennu theliyikkappettittund. acrollin prathyekichum sakthamaaya oru moonnaam kaii puka vaathakamaanennu theliyikkappettittund.
raasaghadanayum jalasambharanikalum.
vividha indor parithasthithikalil moonnaam kaii pukayum athinte gadakangalum kandethiyittundu. vaahanangalude uparithalathil nitrosamine roopappedaanulla saadhyatha cellulose substrateukalil "uyarnnathum ennaal nyayayukthavumaaya" alavilulla naitras assid (saadhaaranayaayi veedukalil kaanappedunnathinte ekadesham 4-12 madangu) thalikkunnathiloodeyum kanatha pukavali anubhavicha oru vaahanathile uparithalangal thudaykkunnathiloodeyum thiricharinju. pukavali undaakumbol moonnu divasam cellulose substrateukal ore vaahanathil (thudaykkaathe) sookshichappol samanamaaya phalangal kandethi. koodaathe, kambili, parutthi, polisttar naarukal ennivayil vividha moonnaam kaii puka gadakangalude sthiratha alakkapettu, avaa kambiliyil ettavum sthirathayullathum polisttaril ettavum kuranja sthirathayullathumaayirunnu. dittarjant upayogichu vasthrangal kazhukunnathu chila ths neekkam cheiyumennu kandethi, ennirunnaalum saadhaarana kallappanam veluppichathinushesham ganyamaaya thuka avasheshikkunnu.
vardhichuvarunna parihara shakthiyum vishakalana upakaranangalude mechappetta kandethal paridhikalum kaaranam, vividha maadyamangal vazhi mattu edangalilekku ths-nte gathagatham pradarshippikkaan padanangalkku kazhinju. udaaharanathinu, kanangalil moonnaam kaii puka signecharukal kandethiyittundu, avaykku atharam samyukthangale indor, outtdoor vaayukkalkkidayil phalapradamaayi kondupokaan kazhiyum. koodaathe, moonnaam kaii pukayumayi bandhapetta gyaas-ghattavum aerosol-ghatta samyukthangalum oru pukavalikkaatha sinima thiyettaril kandethukayum alakkukayum cheythu, orupakshe sinima kaanikalude vasthrangaliloodeyum shwaasathiloodeyum.
paaristhithika pukayila pukayilaykku paaristhithika naitras assid upayogichu ooksidais cheyth carcinogenic pukayila-nirddishta nitrosaamainukal (tsna) srishtikkaan kazhiyum. pukayila pukayilum pukavalikkaarude veedukalilum sarvvyaapiyaaya shwaasakosha-nirddishta carsinogen aanu 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-beautanon (nicottin-derived nitrosamine kettoon allengil ennke ennum ariyappedunnu), ithu vasthra naarukalilum podiyilum vaayuvilum kandethiyittundu. uparithala-ghatta prathikaranangalude falamaayi roopappetta uparithalathilo samyukthangalilo nikshepikkunna mattu pukayila puka raasavasthukkalodoppam nitrosaamainukalum vishaamshathinte pradhana uravidamaakaam, prathyekichu sisukkalkku. veedukalude uparithalangalumayi idaykkide aduthidapazhakunnathum uparithalangalil ninnum podiyil ninnum moonnaam kaii puka avashishtangal kazhikkaanulla pravanathayum shishukkale prathyekichum prathikoolamaayi badhikkum.
rogathinte biomarkerukal.
rogathinte theevrathayum saannidhyavum soochippikkunnathinaal moonnaam kaii pukayude biomarkerukale amgeekarikkendathu pradhaanamaan. elikal ulppetta sameepakaala padanatthil, pukavalikkaarude veedukalil kaanappedunnathin thulyamaaya thalatthil naalu aazhchathe prarambha exposurinu sesham thsinte biomarkerukal kandethi. manushyarumayulla sanbarkkathe anukarikkunna oru samvidaanam gaveshakar upayogikkukayum elikalil serem, karal, mastishka koshangal ennivayil kaanapedunna biomarkerukal thedukayum cheythu. elikal pinneedu vyathyastha maasangalil ths-nuu vidheyamaayi, oru maasathinullil thanne, avaa vardhichuvarunna koshajwalana cytokainukal, tumour necrosis ghadakam, granulosite macrophage kolaniyude uttejaka ghadakam, stress hormon epinephrine ennivayude vardhanavu ennivayude lakshanagal kaanikkan thudangi. eee exposuril ninnulla naashanashtangal randum naalum aarum maasangalkk sheshavum thudarnnu. atharam naashanashtangalil auxidative sammarddavum tanmatra nashavum ulppedunnu. chila elikal hyper glycemic, hyperinsulinemic ennivayaayi maari, athaayath insulin prathirodham deerghakaala eksposharinte anantharafalamaakaam. eee patanam soochippikkunnathu ths-lekkulla vardhicha exposure samayam naadakeeyamaaya phalangal undaakkum ennaanu. thsinte prathyaaghaathangal poornnamaayum manasilakkaan manushya vishayangalumayi kooduthal padanangal ippozhum aavasyamaanu.
pothu avabodhavum parihaarangalum.
thaarathamyena puthuthayi anumaanikkappedunna aashayamaanu moonnaam kaii puka, ithinekkurichulla pothu avabodham second hand pukayekkaal kuravaanu. metroyileyum rural jorjiayileyum (yuu. ezz. eiii) aarr focus grouppukalumaayi 2013-leeii oru patanam pankedutthavarodu avar ithinekkurichu kettittundo ennum pankedutthavaril bhooribhaagavum ithinekkurichu kettitillennum moonnaam kaii puka enthaanennu ariyillennum chodichu. tsnekkurichulla gaveshanam valarukayaanu, pakshe second hand pukayude phalangalekkurichulla 40 varshathe gaveshanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthunnil. ennirunnaalum, second hand pukayumayi bandhapetta doshangalude 5%-60% yadhaarthathil moonnaam kaii puka exposure kaaranamaayirikkaamenn kanakkaakkappedunnu. second hand pukayekkaal kooduthal kaalam athinte exposure nilanilkkunnathinaal ths atharamoru apakadasaadhyatha srishtikkunnu. moonnaam kaii puka malinamaaya uparithalangalaya paravatani, mathilukal, kaarinte inteeriyarukal ennivayum vrithiyaakkaan prathyekichum budhimuttaanu, athesamayam second hand puka vaayusanjaaram upayogichu neekkam cheyyaan kazhiyum.
1965leeii uyarnna aii. dii. 1ll ninnu 2016ll ekadesham aii. dii. 2 aayi amerikkayil pukavali nirakk ganyamaayi kuranju. ennaal thaazhekkulla pravanatha mandagathiyilaakukayum kuranja vidyaabhyaasamo daaridryathil jeevikkunnavaro aaya amerikkayile muthirnnavaril 23 muthal 42 sathamaanam vare ippozhum pukavalikkunnathayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ithu dasalakshakkanakkinu pukavalikkaathavare thurannukaattunnu, avaril palarum kuttikalaanu.
avabodha prachaaranangal kramaatheethamaayi vardhichukondirikkum praadhamikamaayi kochukuttikalude aarogya apakadangalil shradha kendreekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. pediatrics" ll prasidheekaricha 2014 leeii oru patanam theliyichathu, moonnaam kaii puka kuttikalkk doshakaramaanennu bodhyappettal maathaapithaakkal pukavali upekshikkaan sramikkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanennum moonnaam kaii pukayude apakadangalekkurichu bodhavaanmaaraanengil pukavali rahita veettilum kaarilum poolisikal undakaan saadhyatha kooduthalaanennum. pukavali rahita mekhala urappaakkikkond kuttikale samrakshikkanamennu maathaapithaakkalkk shupaarsha cheythu. kudumbatheyum suhruthukkaleyum mattullavareyum samrakshikkaan pukavalikkaarkk shupaarsha cheiyunna atharamoru maarggam mattullavarumayi sanbarkkam pularthunnathinu munbu purathu pukavalikkukayum kulikkukayum vasthram maattukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu. ennirunnaalum, amithamaayi pukavalikkunna maathaapithaakkal (prathidinam 10 sigarattukal) moonnaam kaii puka kuttikalkk doshakaramaanennu vishwasikkaanulla saadhyatha kuravaanennu gaveshanangal theliyichittundu. indor pukavali nirodhanam prothsaahippikkunna prasnangalilonnaanu moonnaam kaii puka, prathyekichu samgeethajnjareppolulla kalakaaranmaar pinthunaykkunnu, malinamaaya upakaranangaliloodeyum kesukaliloodeyum moonnaam kaii puka malineekaranam avarude veedukalilekku konduvaraan nirbandhitharaakunnu.