
level sensor

level censorukal draavakangaludeyum mattu draavakangaludeyum alavu kandethunnu, slarikal, granular metteeriyalukal, podikal ennivayulppede draveekritha kharapadaarthangal, mukalile swatantra uparithalam pradarshippikkunnu. guruthwaakarshanam kaaranam ozhukunna padaarthangal avayude kandeynarukalil (allengil mattu bhauthika athirukal) thirascheenamaayi maarumbol mikka bulk solidukalum oru topp konil koombunnu. alakkenda padaartham oru kandeynarinullilaayirim allengil athinte swaabhaavika roopathilaakaam (udha.jii.oru nadhi allengil thadaakam). level alavu thudarchayaayatho pooyint moolyangalo aakam. thudarchayaaya level censorukal oru nirddishta paridhikkullil level alakkukayum oru prathyeka sthalathe padaarthatthinte krithyamaaya alavu nirnnayikkukayum cheiyunnu, athesamayam pooyint level censorukal padaartham sensing pooyintinu mukalilaano thaazheyaano ennu maathrame soochippikkunnulloo. saadhaaranayaayi randaamathethu amithamaya uyarnnatho thaazhnnatho aaya alavukal kandethunnu.
vyaavasaayika, vaanijya prakriyakalkkayi opttimal level monittaring reethi thiranjedukkunnathine badhikkunna niravadhi bhouthikavum prayogaparavumaaya variableukal undu. physical ghattam (draavakam, khara allengil slurry), thaapanila, marddam allengil vaakvam, rasathanthram, maadhyamathinte dialectric sthiraangam, maadhyamathinte saandrata (nirddishta guruthwaakarshanam), prakshobham (pravartthanam), shabda allengil vaidyutha shabdam, vibration, mechanical shock, tank allengil biinn valupavum aakruthiyum enniva thiranjedukkunna maanadandangalil ulppedunnu. aaplikkeshan parimithikalum pradhaanamaann vila, krithyatha, roopam, prathikarana nirakk, calibration allengil prograaminginte eluppam, physical valupavum upakaranathinte mounding, thudarchayaaya allengil vyathirikthamaya (pooyint) thalangalude nireekshanamo niyanthranamo.
churukkatthil, level censorukal valare pradhanappetta sensarukalilonnaanu, koodaathe vividha upabhokthru/vyaavasaayika aaplikkeshanukalil valare pradhana punk vahikkunnu. mattu tharatthilulla sensarukaleppole, level censorukal labhyamaan allengil vividha sensing thathwangal upayogichu roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyum. aaplikkeshan aavasyakathaykku anuyojyamaaya oru tharam sensor thiranjedukkunnathu valare pradhaanamaan.
kharapadaarthangalkkulla pooyint, thudarchayaaya level kandethal.
kharapadaarthangalude pooyint level kandethunnathinayi vividha censorukal labhyamaan. vibrating, rotteshan paddle, mechanical (diaphrum), microwave (radar), kappaasittans, opttikkal, pulsed-ultrasonic, ultrasonic level censorukal enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
vibrating pooyint.
iva valare mikacha podikal (bulk densiti), mikacha podikal (bulk densiti), granular solidukal (bulk densiti allengil athilum kooduthal) ennivayude alavu kandethunnu. vibration freekwansiyude sariyaaya thiranjeduppum anuyojyamaaya censitivity krameekaranangalum upayogichu, uyarnna draveekritha podikaludeyum electrostaattik metteeriyalukaludeyum alavu avarkk manassilakkaanum kazhiyum.
bulk poudar levelinu single-probe vibrating level censorukal anuyojyamaanu. oru sensing ghadakam maathrame podiyumaayi sanbarkkam pularthunnulloo ennathinaal, rund probe gadakangal thammilulla bridging illaathaakkukayum media build-upp kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu. probinte vibration probe gadakathile metteeriyal nirmmikkunnath illaathaakkunnu. vibrating level censorukale podi, dialectric podikalil ninnulla staatik charge build-upp allengil chalakatha, thaapanila, marddam, eerppam allengil eerppathinte alavu ennivayile mattangal baadikkilla. tuning-fork stail vibration sensarukalaanu mattoru badal. avayude vila kuravaayirikkumenkilum avaa tainukalkkidayil metteeriyal nirmmaanathinu saadhyathayund.
karangunna paddle.
bulk soolid pooyint level indikkeshanulla valare pazhayathum sthaapithavumaaya saankethikavidyayaanu rotteshan paddle level censorukal. eee saankethikavidya oru paddle wheel karakkunna kuranja vegathayulla gear motor upayogikkunnu. paddle kharavasthukkalaal nirtthumbol, motoril gadippichirikkunna oru flanch oru mechanical svichumaayi bandhappedunnathuvare motor athinte shafttil athinte swantham tork upayogichu karakkunnu. paddle vividha vasthukkalil ninnu nirmmikkaan kazhiyum, pakshe paddle tackie metteeriyal nirmmikkaan anuvadikkaruthu. hopparile uyarnna eerppathinte alavo uyarnna anthareeksha eerppamo kaaranam prakriyayude metteeriyal kaduppamullathaanengil build-upp sambhavikkam. perlite, bentanaitt allengil fly aashh polulla yoonit voliyathil valare kuranja bharamullah vasthukkalkkaayi prathyeka paddle designukalum loow-tork motorukalum upayogikkunnu. hopparilo binnilo paddle shariyaayi sthaapikkukayum uchithamaaya mudrakal upayogikkukayum cheythukondu sookshumamaaya kanikakal allengil podi shaaft bairingukalilum motorilum thulachukayarunnathu thadayanam.
admittans-tharam.
admittansile maattam alakkaan oru rf admittans level sensor oru rooad probe rf sozhsum upayogikkunnu. cable kappaasittans nilathekku maattunnathinte phalangal illaathaakkaan oru sheeled coxial kebililoodeyaanu probe pravarthippikkunnathu. probinu chuttumulla level maarumbol, dialectricle anubandha maattam nireekshikkappedunnu. ithu eee apoornna kappaasittarinte praveshanathe maattukayum levalinte maattam kandethunnathinayi eee maattam alakkukayum cheiyunnu.
draavakangalude pooyint level kandethal.
draavakangalile pooyint level kandethunnathinulla saadhaarana samvidaanangalil magnetic, mechanical floatukal, presher censorukal, electroconductive sensing allengil electrostaattik (kappaasittans allengil inductans) dittaktarukal enniva ulppedunnu-koodaathe vaidyuthakaanthika (magnetostrictiveti polullava), ultrasonic, radar allengil opttikkal censorukal ennivayiloode draavaka uparithalathilekkulla oru signalinte parakkal samayam alakkunnu.
kaanthikavum mechanical float.
kanthika, mechanical, cable, mattu float level censorukal ennivaykku pinnile thathwathil palappozhum oru mechanical switch thurakkukayo adaykkukayo cheyyuka, onnukil svichumaayi nerittu sanbarkkam pulartthukayo allengil oru naanalinte kanthika pravartthanam nadathukayo cheyyuka enniva ulppedunnu. magnetostrictiveti censorukal polulla mattu sandarbhangalil, float thathwam upayogichu thudarchayaaya nireekshanam saadhyamaan.
kaanthikamaayi actuated float censorukal upayogichu, oru floatinullil seal cheytha oru sthiramaaya kantham actuvation levelilekku uyarukayo veezhukayo cheyyumbol switching sambhavikkunnu. yaanthrikamaayi pravarthanakshamamaaya oru float upayogichu, oru miniyechar (micro) svichinethire oru floatinte chalanatthinte falamaayaanu switching sambhavikkunnath. kanthika, mechanical float level sensarukalkku, raasa anuyojyatha, thaapanila, nirddishta guruthwaakarshanam (saandrata), boyancy, viscosity enniva stemminteyum floatinteyum thiranjeduppine badhikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, kuthichuchaattam nilanirtthumbol 0.5 vare kuranja prathyeka guruthwaakarshanamulla draavakangalkkoppam valia floatukal upayogikkaam. float metteeriyalinte thiranjeduppine prathyeka guruthwaakarshanathilum viscosityilum thaapanila prerithamaaya mattangal swaadheenikkunnu-ithu boyancy nerittu badhikkunnu.
float type censorukal roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyum, angane oru sheeled floatine prakshubdhathayil ninnum taranga chalanatthil ninnum samrakshikkunnu. float censorukal naashamundakkunnava ulppede vaividhyamaarnna draavakangalil nannayi pravartthikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, jaiva laayakangalkkayi upayogikkumbol, eee draavakangal sensor nirmmikkaan upayogikkunna vasthukkalumayi raasaparamaayi poruthappedunnuvennu parishodhikkendathundu. float-stail censorukal uyarnna viscosity (kattiyulla) draavakangal, stem allengil floattukalil ottippidikkunna cheli allengil draavakangal allengil mettal chippukal polulla malineekaranangal adangiyirikkunna vasthukkal enniva upayogichu upayogikkaruthu; mattu sensing saankethikavidyakal eee aaplikkeshanukalkku anuyojyamaanu.
float-type censorukalude oru prathyeka prayogam oayil-vaattar seppareshan sisttangalile interface level nirnnayikkunnu. oro floatinteyum valippathil oru vashath ennayudeyum maruvashathu vellathinteyum prathyeka guruthwaakarshanavumaayi poruthappedaan rund floatukal upayogikkaam. oru multy-paaraameettar sensor srishtikkunnathinaayi thaapanila allengil presher censorukal sthaapikkuka ennathaanu stem type float svichinte mattoru prathyeka prayogam. magnetic float svichukal laalithyam, ashrayakshamatha, kuranja chelavu ennivaykku janapriyamaan.
oru mechanical gejinte soochanakalude kanthika samvedanam upayogikkunna "haal ephakt" sensaraanu magnetic sensinginte oru vyathiyaanam. oru saadhaarana prayogatthil, oru magnettism sensitiivu "haal ephakt sensor" oru mechanical tank gejil gadippikkunnu, athil magnetised indikkettar soochi undu, angane gejinte soochikayude sthaanam kandethaam. magnetic sensor indikkettar soochi sthaanam oru electrical signalilekk vivarthanam cheiyunnu, ithu mattu (saadhaaranayaayi vidoora) indication allengil signalling anuvadikkunnu.
numatic.
apakadakaramaaya avasthakal nilanilkkumbozho vaidyuthorjjam illaathappozho athinte upayogam parimithappeduthiyirikkumpo allengil kanatha cheli allengil slurry ulppedunna prayogangalilo numatic level censorukal upayogikkunnu. oru diaphraminu ethiraaya vaayuvinte oru nirayude compression oru switch pravarthippikkaan upayogikkunnathinaal, oru prakriya draavakavum sensarinte chalikkunna bhagangalumaayi sanbarkkam pularthunnilla. eee censorukal grease polulla uyarnna viscos draavakangalkkum jalathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathum nasippikkunnathumaaya draavakangalkkum upayogikkaan anuyojyamaanu. pooyint level monittaringinulla thaarathamyena kuranja chelavilulla saankethikavidya ennathinte adhika nettamaanithu. eee saankethikavidyayude oru vyathiyaanamaan "bubbler", ithu tyoobinte adiyil ninnu vaayu kumilakale puranthallaan vaayu marddam uyarunnathinaal marddam vardhikkunnathu nirthunnathuvare taankinte thaazheyulla oru tubilake vaayuvine amarthunnu. sthirathayulla vaayu marddatthinte alavu taankinte thaazheyulla marddatheyum athinaal mukalilulla draavakathinte pindattheyum soochippikkunnu.
chaalaka.
vellam polulla vaividhyamaarnna chaalaka draavakangalude pooyint level kandethalinu chaalaka level censorukal anuyojyamaanu, koodaathe koostik sooda, hydrochloric assid, naitrik assid, ferric chloride, samanamaaya draavakangal enniva polulla uyarnna naashakaramaaya draavakangalkku ithu prathyekichum anuyojyamaanu. keduvaruthunna aaa chaalaka draavakangalkku, sensarinte electrodukal titanium, haasteloy bii allengil sii, allengil 316 stainless steel ennivayil ninnu nirmmikkukayum spacerukal, separettarukal allengil seramic, polyethileen, tephlon adisthaanamaakkiyulla vasthukkal enniva upayogichu insulate cheyyukayum venam. avayude roopakalppanaye aashrayich, oru holderinoppam vyathyastha neelamulla onniladhikam electrodukal upayogikkaam. thapanilayum mardhavum vardhikkumbol naashamundaakkunna draavakangal kooduthal aakramanaathmakamaakumennathil, eee censorukal vyakthamaakkumbol eee angeyattatthe avasthakal pariganikkendathundu.
conductive level censorukal vyathyastha electrodukaliludaneelam prayogikkunna kuranja volteju, karant-parimithamaaya vaidyuthi srothass upayogikkunnu. kuranja chaalaka (uyarnna prathirodham) maadyamangalil pravartthikkaan roopakalppana cheytha uyarnna volteju pathippukalulla vaidyutha vitharanam draavakathinte chaalakathayumayi poruthappedunnu. uyarnna-kuranja allengil alternating pump niyanthranam polulla niyanthranatthinte chila vashangal oorjja srothass palappozhum ulkkollunnu. ettavum dairkhyameriya probe (saadhaarana), hrasvamaaya probe (ritten) ennivayumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthunna oru chaalaka draavakam oru chaalaka surcuted poortthiyaakkunnu. kuranja voltejukalum vaidyuthadhaarakalum upayogikkunnathinaal conductive censorukal valare surakshithamaan. vyakthigatha suraksha kaaranangalal, upayogikkunna vaidyuthadhaarayum voltage swaabhaavikamaayum cheruthaanu ennathinaal, apakadakaramaaya sthalangalkkulla anthaaraashtra maanadandangal paalikkunnathin saankethikavidyaye aantharikamaayi surakshithamakkaanum kazhiyum. chaalaka probukalkku soolid-stettu upakaranangalude adhika nettamundu, avaa instaal cheyyaanum upayogikkaanum valare eluppamaanu. chila draavakangalilum prayogangalilum, attakuttappanikal oru prasnamaakaam. anweshanam chaalakamayi thudaranam. bildup meediyathil ninnu probe insulate cheiyukayaanenkil, athu shariyaayi pravartthikkunnathu nirtthum. anweshanathinte lalithamaaya parishodhanaykk samshayaaspadamaaya anweshanathilum graundu referencilum udaneelam bandhippichirikkunna oru oommeettar aavasyamaanu.
saadhaaranayaayi, mikka jala, malinajala kinarukalilum, govani, pambukal, mattu loha instaaleshanukal ennivayulla kinner thanne oru graundu ritten nalkunnu. ennirunnaalum, raasa taankukalilum mattu nilamparishaakkaatha kinarukalilum, instaalar oru graundu ritten, saadhaaranayaayi oru erthu vadi nalkanam.
stettu dependent freekwansi monittar.
oru microprosessor niyantritha freekwansi stettu chenchu dittakshan reethi vyathyastha neelamulla onniladhikam sensor probukalil srishtikkappedunna kuranja amplitude signal upayogikkunnu. oro probinum shreniyile matellaa probukalil ninnum vyathyasthamaaya oru aavruthiyundu, vellam sparshikkumbol swathanthramaayi avastha maarunnu. onniladhikam jalanirapp niyanthrana pravartthanangal nadatthaan kazhiyunna oru microprosessor oro probileyum aavruthiyude avastha maattathe nireekshikkunnu. 
sensing probukalude deerghakaala sthirathayaanu stettu dependent freekwansi monittaringinte shakti. malinamaaya vellathile vaidyuthavishleshanam moolam sensarukalkku takaraar, apachayam allengil kedupaadukal enniva undakkaan signal shakti paryaapthamalla. sensor vrithiyaakkal aavasyakathakal valare kuravo illathakkalo aanu. vyathyastha neelamulla onniladhikam sensing vadi upayogikkunnathu vividha jala uyarangalil niyanthrana svichukal avabodhapoorvvam sajjeekarikkaan upayokthaavine anuvadikkunnu.
oru stettu dependent freekwansi monittarile microprosessorinu valare kuranja vaidyuthi upabhogamulla vaalvukalum koodaathe/allengil valia pambukalum pravarthanakshamamaakkaan kazhiyum. microprosessor upayogichu sankeernavum aaplikkeshan nirddishtavumaaya pravartthanam nalkumbol onniladhikam switch niyanthranangal cheria paakkejilekku nirmmikkaan kazhiyum. valuthum cheruthumaaya feeld aaplikkeshanukalil niyanthranangalude kuranja vaidyuthi upabhogam sthirathayullathaanu. eee saarvathrika saankethikavidya vishalamaaya draavaka gunanilavaaramulla prayogangalil upayogikkunnu.
pooyint level ditakshanum thudarchayaaya nireekshanatthinumulla censorukal.
ultrasonic.
uyarnna viscos draavakangaludeyum bulk solidukaludeyum kondaakt level sensinghinaayi ultrasonic level censorukal upayogikkunnu. pump niyanthranathinum ooppan chaanal phloo alakkunnathinumulla jalasamskarana aaplikkeshanukalilum avaa vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnu. censorukal uyarnna aavruthi (20 kiloherts muthal 200 kiloherts vare) shabda tharamgangal purappeduvikkunnu, avaa puranthallunna transducerilekku prathifalikkukayum kandethukayum cheiyunnu.
eerppam, thaapanila, marddam enniva kaaranam shabdathinte maarunna vegatha ultrasonic level censorukale badhikkunnu. alavinte krithyatha mechappeduthunnathinna level alavil thiruthal gadakangal prayogikkaam.
prakshubdhatha, nura, neeravi, raasa moodalmanju (neeravi), prakriyayude vasthukkalude saandrathayile mattangal ennivayum ultrasonic sensarinte prathikaranatthe badhikkunnu. prakshubdhathayum nura shabda tharamgathe sensarilekku shariyaayi prathifalippikkunnathil ninnu thadayunnu; neeravi, raasa moodalmanjum neeravi shabda tharamgathe valachodikkukayo agiranam cheiyukayo cheiyunnu; saandrathayile vyathiyanangal shabda tharamgatthile oorjjathinte alavil maattangalkk kaaranamaakunnu, athu sensarilekku thirike prathifalikkunnu. eee gadakangal moolamundaakunna pishakukal thadayaan stilling kinarukalum waveguideukalum upayogikkunnu.
prathifalikkunna shabdathodu mikacha prathikaranam urappakkaan traansdyoosarinte sariyaaya mounting aavasyamaanu. koodaathe, thettaaya varumaanavum thathfalamaayundaakunna thettaaya prathikaranavum kuraykkunnathinu hopper, biinn allengil tank thaarathamyena veldmentukal, brackettukal allengil govani polulla thadassangalil ninnu mukthamayirikkanam, ennirunnaalum mikka aadhunika samvidaanangalkkum enchiniyaring mattangal valiyathothil anaavasyamaakkunnathinu mathiyaya "intalijant" ekko prosessing undu. ultrasonic transducer shabda oorjjam kaimarunnathinum sweekarikkunnathinum upayogikkunnathinaal, ithu "ring" ennariyappedunna mechanical vaibreshante oru kaalaghattatthinu vidheyamaan. prathidhwanikkunna signal prosess cheiyunnathinu munbu eee vibration kurayanam (nirthuka). andhavum oru vasthuvine kandethaan kazhiyathathumaaya traansdyoosarinte mukhathu ninnulla dooramaanu motham phalam. traansdyoosarinte vyaapthiye aashrayich ithu saadhaaranayaayi 150 millimeter muthal 1 meter vare "blanking soonn" ennariyappedunnu.
ultrasonic censorine oru budhiparamaaya upakaranamakki maattaan electronic signal prosessing sarkyoottinte aavasyakatha upayogikkaam. pooyint level niyanthranam, thudarchayaaya nireekshanam allengil randum nalkunnathinu ultrasonic censorukal roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyum. microprosessorinte saannidhyavum thaarathamyena kuranja vaidyuthi upabhogavum kaaranam, mattu computing upakaranagalil ninnulla seeriyal ashayavinimayathinulla seshiyum undu, ithu sensor signalinte calibration filtering krameekarikkunnathinum remot wireless monittaring allengil plaant network ashayavinimayangal enniva krameekarikkunnathinum oru nalla saankethikathayaanu. kuranja vilayudeyum uyarnna pravarthanakshamathayudeyum sakthamaaya misritham kaaranam ultrasonic censorinu vyapakamaaya janapreeti labhikkunnu.
kappaasittans.
vaividhyamaarnna kharapadaarthangal, jaleeya, jaiva draavakangal, slarikal ennivayude saannidhyam manassilakkunnathil kappaasittans level censorukal mikavu pulartthunnu. kappaasittans sarcutil prayogikkunna radio freekwansi signalukalkku eee saankethikavidyaye palappozhum rf ennu vilikkunnu. 1. 1 (kookk, fly aashh) vare kuranjathum 88 (vellam) allengil athil kooduthal uyarnnathumaaya dialectric sthiraankangalulla metteeriyal manassilakkaan censorukal roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyum. nirjjaleekaranam sambhavicha kekku, malinajala slurry (dialectric sthiratha ekadesham) thudangiya chelikalum slarikalum. 50), quicklime (dialectric sthiraangam ekadesham) polulla draavaka rasavasthukkal. 90) ennathum manassilakkaam. oayil-vaattar interface" aaplikkeshanaayi melpparanja magnetic float swichinu oru soolid stettu badal nalkunna, ganyamaayi vyathyasthamaaya dialectric sthiraankangalulla rund immixible draavakangal thammilulla interface manassilakkaanum duval-probe kappaasittans level censorukal upayogikkaam.
kappaasittans level censorukal electronic upakaranangalayathinaal, phase modulation uyarnna freekwansikalude upayogavum dialectric sthiraangangalkk samanamaaya aaplikkeshanukalkku censorine anuyojyamaakkunnu. censoril chalikkunna bhagangalonnumilla, parukkan, upayogikkaan eluppamullathum vrithiyaakkaan eluppamullathum uyarnna thapanilaykkum marddathinum vendi roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyunnathumaanu. kuranja dialectric vasthukkalude rubbing chalanavum moolam uyarnna volteju staatik charge nirmmikkunnathilum discharge cheiyunnathilum oru apakadam nilanilkkunnu, ennaal sariyaaya roopakalppanayum grounding upayogichu eee apakadam illaathaakkaan kazhiyum.
probe metteeriyalukalude uchithamaaya thiranjeduppu urachilum naashanashtavum moolamundaakunna prasnangal kuraykkukayo illaathaakkukayo cheiyunnu. pashakalude pooyint level sensing enna, grease thudangiya uyarnna viscosity metteeriyalukalum probil metteeriyal nirmmikkunnathin kaaranamakum; ennirunnaalum, oru selph-tuning sensor upayogichu ithu kuraykkaan kazhiyum. nurakalkk saadhyathayulla draavakangalkkum splashing allengil prakshubdhathaykku saadhyathayulla prayogangalkkum, kappaasittans level censorukal mattu upakaranagalkoppam splashgaardukalo stilling kinarukaloo upayogichu roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyum.
bulk solidukal sambharikkunnathin upayogikkunna uyaramulla paathrangalilaanu kappaasittans probukalkku oru pradhana parimiti. alanna shreniyude adiyil vare vyaapikkunna oru chaalaka probinte aavasyakatha prasnakaramaanu. binnilo sailoyilo thookkiyidunna neelamulla chaalaka cable probukal (20 muthal 50 meter vare neelam), sailo bulk poudarinte bharavum kebilil prayogikkunna gharshanavum kaaranam valia mechanical pirimurukkatthinu vidheyamaan. atharam instaaleshanukal palappozhum cable pottitherikkaan kaaranamakum.
opttikkal interface.
opttikkal censorukal avashishtangalude pooyint level sensingin suspended solidukalulla draavakangalkkum draavaka-draavaka interfaseukalkkum upayogikkunnu. oru infrared diodil (elidi) ninnu puranthallappedunna infrared prakaashatthinte kaimaattatthile kuravo maattamo eee censorukal manassilakkunnu. nirmmaana saamagrikalude sariyaaya thiranjeduppum mounting location upayogichu, eee censorukal jaleeyavum jaivvum nasippikkunnathumaaya draavakangal upayogichu upayogikkaam. 
cheruchoodukal/jalasambharanikalile cheli/jalasambharanikal kandethuka ennathaanu saambathika infrared adhishtitha opttikkal interface pooyint level censorukalude oru saadhaarana prayogam. pulse modulation teknikkukalum uyarnna power infrared diode upayogikkunnathiloode, oraalkk ambiyant laittil ninnulla edapedal illaathaakkaanum uyarnna nettatthil elidi pravarthippikkaanum probil build-upp cheiyunnathinte phalangal kuraykkaanum kazhiyum.
thudarchayaaya opttikkal level sensinghinulla oru ithara sameepanathil laserinte upayogam ulppedunnu. lazer prakasham kooduthal saandrathayullathinaal podipadalamo neeravi niranjatho aaya anthareekshathilekku thulachukayaraan kooduthal kazhivullathaanu. lazer prakasham mikka khara, draavaka prathalangaleyum prathifalippikkum. censoril ninnulla uparithalathinte vyapthiyo dooramo nirnnayikkaan krithyamaaya samaya surcuted upayogichu parakkal samayam alakkaan kazhiyum. chelavu, attakuttappanikalile aashanka enniva kaaranam vyaavasaayika aaplikkeshanukalil laserukalude upayogam parimithamaanu. prakadanam nilanirthaan optiks idaykkide vrithiyaakkanam.
microwave ovan.
eerppamullathum neeravi niranjathum podiyullathumaaya anthareekshathilum thapanilayum mardhavum vyathyaasappedunna prayogangalilum upayogikkaan microwave censorukal anuyojyamaanu. microvevukal (palappozhum radar ennum vivarikkappedunnu), ultrasonic polulla mattu saankethikavidyakalkku prasnangal undaakkunna thapanilayilum neeravi paalikalilum thulachukayarum. microvevukal vaidyuthakaanthika oorjjamaanu, athinaal oorjjam kaimaran vaayu thanmathrakal aavasyamilla, ithu vaakvamkalil upayogapradamaakkunnu. vaidyuthakaanthika oorjjamenna nilayil microvevukal prathifalikkunnathu lohav chaalaka jalavum polulla uyarnna chaalaka gunangalulla vasthukkalaal aanu. pakaramaayi, avaa 'loow dialectric' allengil plaastik, glass, paper, niravadhi podikal, bhakshyavasthukkal, mattu kharapadaarthangal thudangiya insulating maadhyamangaliloode vividha alavil agiranam cheyyappedunnu.
microwave censorukal vaividhyamaarnna saankethikavidyakalilaanu nadappilaakkunnathu. rund adisthaana signal prosessing teknikkukal prayogikkunnu, oronnum athintethaaya gunangal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu pulsed allengil time-domaine reflectometry (tdr), ithu parakkunna samayathinte alavaanu, ithu maadhyamathile vaidyuthakaanthika tharamgangalude vegatha kondu harikkunnu (prakaashatthinte vegathaye maadhyamathinte dialectric sthiraankathinte varggamoolathaal harikkunnu), ultrasonic level sensarukalkku samaanamaayi, efmcdablue teknikkukal upayogikkunna doppler samvidaanangal. ultrasonic level sensarukaleppole, microwave censorukalum 1 Ghz muthal 60 Ghz vareyulla vividha aavruthikalil nadappilaakkunnu. saadhaaranayaayi, aavruthi kooduthal, kooduthal krithyavum kooduthal chelaveriyathumaanu. microwave ennathu noonn-kondaakt technic allengil guided aanu. aadyathethu swatantra idathiloode (vaakvam ulppede) kaimaattam cheyyappedukayum thirike prathifalikkukayum cheiyunna oru microwave signal nireekshicho allengil saadhaaranayaayi guided wave radar allengil guided microwave radar ennariyappedunna "radar oonn eiii vayar" saankethikavidyayaayi nadappilakkaavunnatho aanu. randaamathe saankethikavidyayil, podikalilum kuranja dialectric mediayilum prakadanam saadhaaranayaayi mechappedunnu, avaa oru shoonyathayiloode kaimaattam cheyyappedunna vaidyuthakaanthika oorjjathinte nalla reflectorukalalla (kondaakt allatha microwave censorukalil ullathupole). eee saankethikavidyaykku kooduthal krithyamaaya phalangalo sensor aaplikkeshanu aavashyamaaya adhika vivarangalo labhikkunnathin aaplikkeshan nirddishta taranga gaidukal upayogikkaam (udha.jii. chila sensarukalkku tank bhaagangalo mattu upakaranangalo oru taranga gaidaayo athinte bhagamaayo upayogikkaam). electronic bhaagath ninnu (saadhaaranayaayi kadinamaaya avasthakalulla jalasambharanikal, vikiranam, allengil uyarnna mardhamullah draavakangal/vaathakangal muthalaayavayil thilappikkal ennivaykku) taranga guide akaleyaayirikkumbol vidoora taranga gaidukal upayogikkunnathu saadhaarana reethiyaanu.). ennaal guided technicle athe mechanical parimithikal nilavilundu, athu kappalil oru probe undaayirikkunnathiloode munbu soochippicha kappaasittans (rf) teknikkukalkku prasnangal srishtikkunnu.
noonn kondaakt microwave adhishtitha radar sensarukalkku kuranja chalakathayulla 'microwave-traansparant' (noonn-conductive) glass/plaastik vindokaliloodeyo paathratthinte mathilukaliloodeyo microwave beam kadannupokaanum akathu oru 'microwave reflective' (conductive) draavakam alakkaanum kazhiyum (microwave ovanil oru plaastik bowl upayogikkunnathupole). uyarnna thaapanila, marddam, vaakvam allengil vibration ennivayum avaye baadikkunnilla. eee sensarukalkku prosess metteeriyalumaayi shaareerika sanbarkkam aavasyamillaathathinaal, thaapanila kuraykkunnathinu niravadhi meter aantina ekstenshan undengilum, traansmittar/reseiver prakriyaykku mukalil/athil ninnu surakshithamaaya akalatthil gadippikkaan kazhiyum, ennittum levelilo dooratthilo ulla maattangalodu prathikarikkunnu.jii. 1200 digri selshyasil urukia loha uthppannangalude alavinu avaa anuyojyamaanu. microwave traansmittarukalum ultrasonixinte athe pradhana nettam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu signal prosess cheiyunnathinum niravadhi nireekshanam, niyanthranangal, ashayavinimayam, sajjeekaranam, diagnostic kazhivukal enniva nalkunnathinum oru microprosessorinte saannidhyam, avaa saandrata, viscosity, electrical propertykal ennivayil ninnu swathanthramaanu. koodaathe, avaa ultrasonixinte chila prayoga parimithikal pariharikkunnu uyarnna marddathilum vaakvam, uyarnna thaapanila, podi, thaapanila, neeravi paalikal ennivayile pravartthanam. guide taranga radaarukalkk idungiya parimithamaaya edangalil valare vijayakaramaayi alakkaan kazhiyum, kaaranam guide ghadakam alanna draavakathilekkum athil ninnum sariyaaya kaimaattam urappaakkunnu. akathe nischalamaaya tubeukal allengil baahya bradils allengil koodukal polulla aaplikkeshanukal float allengil displacement upakaranagalkk mikacha badal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, kaaranam avaa chalikkunna bhaagangalo linkejukalo neekkam cheyyukayum saandrathayile maattangalo nirmmaanamo baadhikkaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu. sealing krameekaranagalilum apakadakaramaaya pradesha amgeekaarangalilum shradhikkendathundenkum kuranja thaapanila/uyarnna marddathil sambharikkunna draavaka vaathakangal (eleng, elpiji, amonia) polulla valare kuranja microwave reflectivity uthppannangalum avaa mikachathaanu. bulk solidukalilum podikalilum, radar allengil ultrasonic sensarukalkku mikacha badal gdabluar vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, ennaal uthppanna chalanatthiloode cable ware roof loading kurachukoodi shradhikkendathundu.
level monittaringinulla microwave allengil radar teknikkukalude oru pradhana poraayma atharam censorukaludeyum sankeernamaaya sajjeekaranathinteyum thaarathamyena uyarnna vilayaanu. ennirunnaalum, kazhinja kurachu varshangalayi vila ganyamaayi kuranju, deerghadoora ultrasonicsumaayi poruthappedunnathinu, rund saankethikavidyakaludeyum lalithamaaya sajjeekaranavum upayogathinte eluppam mechappeduthunnu.
draavakangalude thudarchayaaya alavu.
magnetostrictive.
magnetostrictiveti level censorukal float type sensarukalkku samaanamaan, athil oru floatinullil seal cheytha oru sthiramaaya kantham oru magnetostrictiveti vayar seal cheytha oru stem mukalilekkum thaazhekkum sanjarikkunnu. sambharana, shipping kandeynarukalile vaividhyamaarnna draavakangalude uyarnna krithyatha, thudarchayaaya alavu ennivaykku anuyojyamaaya eee sensarukalkku draavakathinte nirddishta guruthwaakarshanathe adisthaanamaakki floatinte sariyaaya thiranjeduppu aavasyamaanu. magnetostrictiveti level sensarukalkkaayi float, stem metteeriyalukal thiranjedukkumbol, magnetic, mechanical float level sensarukalkku vivarichirikkunna athe maargganirddeshangal baadhakamaan.
magnetostrictiveti level position upakaranangalum magnetostrictiveti vayarine vaidyuthadhaara upayogichu charge cheiyunnu, feeld floattukalude kaanthikakshethrathe murichukadakkumbol oru mechanical twist allengil pulse srishtikkappedunnu, ithu ultraasoundu allengil radar pole shabdathinte vegathayil vayarilekk thirike sanjarikkunnu. madakka pulse kandethunna censoril ninnulla dooravumaayi parakkal samayam poruthappedunnu.
magnetostrictiveti saankethikavidya upayogichu saadhyamaaya krithyatha kaaranam, ithu "kasttadi-transfer" aaplikkeshanukalkku janapriyamaan. vaanijya edapaadukal nadathunnathinulla thookkangaludeyum alavukaludeyum oru agencic ithu anuvadikkaam. kanthika kazhcha vaathakangalilum ithu pathivayi prayogikkunnu. eee vyathiyaanathil, oru gej glassino tubino ullil sanjarikkunna oru floatil kantham sthaapikkunnu. gejil baahyamaayi gadippichirikkunna censorilaanu kantham pravartthikkunnathu. boyilarukalum mattu uyarnna thaapanila allengil mardha aaplikkeshanukalum eee prakadana gunanilavaaram prayojanappeduthunnu.
prathirodha shringhala.
resisteevu cheyin level censorukal magnetic float level sensarukalkku samaanamaan, athil oru floatinullil seal cheytha oru sthiramaaya kantham aduthulla svichukalum resistarukalum seal cheytha oru stem mukalilekkum thaazhekkum neengunnu. svichukal adaykkumbol, prathirodham samgrahikkukayum draavakathinte nilaykk aanupaathikamaaya karant allengil volteju signalukalaayi parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
float, stem metteeriyalukalude thiranjeduppu raasa anuyojyatha, nirddishta guruthwaakarshanam, kuthichuchaattatthe badhikkunna mattu gadakangal ennivayude kaaryatthil draavakathe aasrayichirikkunnu. samudra, raasa samskaranam, farmaceuticals, bhakshya samskaranam, maalinya samskaranam, mattu prayogangal ennivayile draavaka nila alakkunnathinu eee censorukal nannayi pravartthikkunnu. rund floatukal sariyaaya reethiyil thiranjedukkumbol, 0.6 ll kooduthal prathyeka guruthwaakarshanasheshiyullathum ennaal 0.01 yoonit vare vyathyasamullathumaaya rund immixible draavakangal thammilulla oru interfasinte saannidhyam nireekshikkaan resisteevu cheyin level censorukal upayogikkaam.
magnetorasistive.
magnetoresistans float level censorukal float level sensarukalkku samaanamaan, ennirunnaalum float aam pivattinullil oru sthiramaaya maagnett jody seal cheythirikkunnu. float mukalilekku neengumbol chalanavum sthaanavum kaanthikakshethrathinte koneeya sthaanamaayi kaimaattam cheyyappedunnu. eee kandethal samvidaanam 0.02 digri chalanatthilekku valare krithyamaanu. feeld compass sthaanam float sthaanathinte bhauthika sthaanam nalkunnu. float, stem metteeriyalukalude thiranjeduppu raasa anuyojyatha, nirddishta guruthwaakarshanam, floatinte kuthichuchaattatthe badhikkunna mattu gadakangal ennivayude kaaryatthil draavakathe aasrayichirikkunnu. electronic monittaring samvidaanam draavakavumaayi sanbarkkam pularthunnilla, ithu aantharikamaayi surakshithamo spodanam thadayunnatho aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. samudram, vahanam, vyomayaanam, raasa samskaranam, farmaceuticals, bhakshya samskaranam, maalinya samskaranam, mattu prayogangal ennivayile draavaka nila alakkunnathinu eee censorukal nannayi pravartthikkunnu. 
microprosessorinte saannidhyavum kuranja vaidyuthi upabhogavum kaaranam, mattu computing upakaranagalil ninnu seeriyal ashayavinimayathinulla seshiyum undu, ithu sensor signalinte calibration filtering krameekarikkunnathinulla oru nalla saankethikavidyayaanu.
hydrostatic marddam.
aazhathilulla taankukalilo jalasambharanikalilo naashamundaakkunna draavakangalude alavu alakkaan anuyojyamaaya submersible allengil baahyamaayi gadippichirikkunna presher sensarukalaanu hydrostatic presher level censorukal. saadhaaranayaayi, draavakathinte alavu nirnnayikkunnath draavaka niyanthranatthinte (tank allengil reservoir) thaazheyulla marddamaanu; draavakathinte saandrata/nirddishta guruthwaakarshanathinaayi krameekarichirikkunna thaazheyulla marddam draavakathinte aazhathe soochippikkunnu. eee censorukale sambandhichidatholam, sariyaaya prakadanam urappaakkunnathin raasaparamaayi anuyojyamaaya vasthukkal upayogikkunnathu pradhaanamaan. 10 emm. bii. aarr muthal 1000 baar vare censorukal vaanijyaparamaayi labhyamaan. 
eee censorukal aazhathil vardhichuvarunna marddam manassilakkunnathinaal draavakangalude prathyeka guruthwaakarshanasheshi vyathyasthamaayathinaal, oro application sensor shariyaayi kaalibrett cheyyanam. koodaathe, thaapanilayile valia vyathiyanangal nirddishta guruthwaakarshanathile maattangalkk kaaranamaakunnu, athu marddam levelilekku parivartthanam cheyyumbol kanakkaakkanam. diaphrum malineekaranamo nirmmaanamo illaathe nilanirthunnathinu eee censorukal roopakalppana cheyyaan kazhiyum, angane sariyaaya pravartthanavum krithyamaaya hydrostatic mardha nila alavum urappaakkunnu.
tankinteyo pippinteyo adiyil sensor gadippikkaan kazhiyaatha ooppan eyar aaplikkeshanukalil upayogikkunnathinu, hydrostatic presher level sensarinte oru prathyeka pathippaya oru level probe, oru kebilil ninnu tankilekk thaazheyulla poyintilekku suspended cheyyaan kazhiyum. draavaka parithasthithiyil ninnu electronics adaykkunnathinu sensor prathyekamaayi roopakalppana cheythirikkanam. cheria thala mardhamullah (100 indablyusiyil thaazhe) taankukalil, sensor gejinte pinbhagam anthareeksha marddathilekku neekkendathu valare pradhaanamaan. allengil, barometric marddatthile saadhaarana mattangal sensor outtputtu signalil valia pishak konduvarum. koodaathe, draavakathile thaapanila maattathinu mikka censorukalum nashtapariharam nalkendathundu.
ooppareshan.
mardhanirapp probukal nerittu draavakathilekku mungukayum taankinte adiyil sthiramaayi pongikkidakkukayum cheiyunnu.  hydrostatic thathwaprakaaramaanu alavu nadathunnathu. draavaka nirayude guruthwaakarshana marddam marddam-sensitiivu sensor moolakatthinte vipuleekaranathinu kaaranamaakunnu, ithu alanna marddathe oru electrical staanderd signalayi parivartthanam cheiyunnu. level probukalude connecting kebilinu niravadhi jolikal niravettaanundu. vaidyuthi vitharanathinum signal forwading purame, level sensor cable sthaapichirikkunnu. ambiyant eyar marddam level probylake nayikkunna nerttha eyar tube kebilil ulppedunnu. athinaal level probukal saadhaaranayaayi aapekshika mardha sensarukalaayi roopakalppana cheythittullavayaanu, avaa nilavile ambiyant marddathe avayude alavedukkal shreniyude poojya binduvaayi upayogikkunnu.
eee aapekshika mardha nashtapariharam ennu vilikkappedaathe, level probukal hydrostatic marddam mathramalla, draavaka nirayile vaayu mardhavum alakkum. samudranirappil ithu ekadesham 1013 emm. bii. aarr aanu-ithu patthu meter uyaramulla oru jala nira cheluthunna marddavumaayi poruthappedunnu.  koodaathe, oru variable vaayu marddam alaveduppinte phalathe badhikkum. +/- 20 emm. dablyu. ezz (jala nira) yumayi bandhapetta ekadesham +/- 20 emm. bii. aarinte saadhaarana vaayu marddatthile ettakkurachilukal.
aazhathilulla kinarinte roopakalppanakalkkaayi seal cheytha gej alakkal thathwavum upayogikkunnu. ekadesham aazhathil ninnu. 20 meter, aapekshika marddam nerttha hoose vazhi parimithamaaya alavil maathrame nikathaan kazhiyoo. level sensor pinneedu oru samboornna mardha traansmittayi roopakalppana cheythirikkunnu, athinte poojyam pooyint upayogathinte sthaanathe aashrayich aavasyamulla sharashari vaayu marddavumaayi krameekarikkunnu. ithinartham level censorinu anthareekshavumaayi oru bandhavumilla ennaanu. vaayu marddatthile saadhyamaaya ettakkurachilukal alaveduppinte phalathe baadhichekkaam, pakshe aazhathilulla kinarukalil avaa cheria punk vahikkunnu.
roopeekaranam.
hydrostatic marddam, guruthwaakarshana marddam allengil guruthwaakarshana marddam, oru nischala draavakathinullil sambhavikkunnu. ithu guruthwaakarshanam moolamaanu undaakunnath, ithu draavaka nirayude sandrathayeyum uyaratheyum aasrayichirikkunnu. draavakathinte pindam prashnamalla-hydrostatic paradox-i kaanuka. iii. kandeynarile draavakathinte motham bharamalla, marichu poorippikkal nila nirnnaayakamaan.
evide
level sensarinte thala attathinaduthulla alakkunna moolakatthinte poornnamaaya moodalil ninnaan alakkunna minimum level aarambhikkunnath. level probinu thaazheyulla filling levelukal kandethiyitla. application mounting uyaravum anusarichu, moolyanirnnaya yoonittile level athath mounting uyaravumaayi oru offset krameekaranam upayogichu krameekarikkendathu aavasyamaanu.  
design tharangal.
saittinte aavashyakathakale aashrayich, level probukal vyathyastha savisheshathakal vaagdaanam cheiyunnu
eyar bubbler.
oru eyar bubbler sisttam draavaka nilayude uparithalathinu thaazhe oru dwaramullah oru tube upayogikkunnu. tyoobiloode oru nischitha vaayu sanjarikkunnu. tubile marddam tyoobinte autlettinu mukalilulla draavakathinte aazhathinum (saandrathaykkum) aanupaathikamaanu.
eyar bubbler samvidaanangalil chalikkunna bhagangalonnumilla, ithu malinajalam, drainage vellam, malinajalam, ratri mannu allengil valia alavil suspended kharapadaarthangalulla vellam ennivayude alavu alakkaan anuyojyamaakkunnu. draavakavumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthunna sensarinte eaka bhagam alakkenda metteeriyalumaayi raasaparamaayi poruthappedunna oru bubble tubaanu. alaveduppinte poyintinu vaidyutha gadakangalillaathathinaal, tharamthiricha apakadakaramaaya pradeshangalkk eee saankethikavidya oru nalla thiranjeduppaanu. numatic plumbing apakadakaarikale surakshithamaaya sthalathu ninnu verthirikkunnathode sisttathinte niyanthrana bhagam surakshithamaayi akale kandethanakum.
anthareeksha marddathil thuranna tankukalkku eyar bubbler samvidaanangal oru nalla thiranjeduppaanu, athinaal bubble tube adachekkaavunna kharavasthukkale neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi uyarnna mardhamullah vaayu oru baipas vaalviloode nayikkaan kazhiyum. swaabhaavikamaayi svayam vrithiyaakkalaanu eee saankethikavidya. ultrasonic, float allengil microwave teknikkukal aashrayayogyamallenn theliyikkapetta draavaka level mesherment aaplikkeshanukalkku ithu valare shupaarsha cheiyunnu. alakkunna samayat systethinu sthiramaaya vaayu vitharanam aavasyamaanu. kuzhal adayunnathu ozhivakkaan kuzhalinte attam oru nischitha uyarathinu mukalilayirikkanam.
gamma reey.
oru nuclear level gej allengil gaama reey gej oru prosess kappaliloode kadannupokunna gaama kiranangalude ksheenathiloode level alakkunnu. urukk nirmmaanatthinte thudarchayaaya casting prakriyayil urukia urukkinte alavu niyantrikkaan eee saankethikavidya upayogikkunnu. oru vashath cobalt-60 allengil seesiyam-137 polulla vikirana srothassukalum maruvashathu sinttileshan kaundar polulla sensitiivu ditaktarum upayogichu vaattar-cooled pooppal krameekarichirikkunnu. pooppalil urukia urukkinte alavu uyarumbol, sensor gamma vikiranam kuraykkunnu. urukia lohathinte choodu kondaakt teknikkukale apraayogikamaakkunna kondaakt allatha alavu eee saankethikavidya anuvadikkunnu.
nucleonic level censorukal palappozhum mineral crushing sarcuteukalil upayogikkunnu, avide gamma reey kandethunnathile vardhanavu ayiril niraykkunnathine apekshichu shoonyathaye soochippikkunnu.

