
ettavum valia granchar

oru franch raashtreeyakkaaranum 1871 leeii paarees kammyoonile muthirnnayalum blankvist soshyalistum pinneedu oru boulaangist desheeyavaadiyumaayirunnu ernest granger (20 epril 1844-21 meyy 1914).
aadyakaala jeevitam randaam saamraajyathin keezhilulla blankism.
mortainil oru thaazhnna madhyavarga karshaka kudumbathilaanu ernest henry granger janichathu. vezhsaayile lysiyil vidyaabhyaasam nediya addeham rashtreeya pravarthanangalil svayam samarppikkunnathinaayi patanam avasaanippikkunnathin munbu niyamam padichu. 1866ll raajyadrohakkuttam chumatthi addeham aadyamaayi jaililaayi. eee samayathaan jayilil kazhiyunna muthirnna kalapakaariyaaya luis-auguste blankyude anuyaayikal samghadippicha rahasya viplava samoohangalil addeham earppettathu. gustav triden, emily yoods, mattullavar ennivarumaayi chernnu granger randaamathe franch saamraajyathe attimarikkaan padhathiyittu. 1870 august 14 nuu blaankistukal oru sainika aayudashekharam pidichedukkaanum oru pothu prakshobhatthinu thudakkamidaanum shramichu; grencher samghaadakaril oraalaayirunnu. attimari" akaalamaayirunnu, ennaal franco-russian yudhathinte (1870-71) nadatthippil apakeerthippeduthiya nepolian III, adhikaarathil ninnu purathaakkappettu. aagast kalaapathin sesham arast ozhivakkiya grencher, septambar 1 nuu nepolian III nethiraaya avasana prakadanatthilum 1870 septambar 4 nuu niyamasabhayude adhiniveshathilum pankedutthu.
paarees kammyoon.
1870-1871 ll, granger blankvist jenalaaya "laa patrie enn resari" nte saha-edittarum sambhaavanakkaaranumaayirunnu. naashanal gaardinte 159-aamath bataaliyan kamaandaraaya addeham jarmman sainyathe enthuvilakoduthum prathirodhikkaan franchukaare aninirathaan shramichu. october 31nuu granger addehathinte battaliyanum paareesile hotel dii villeyude sayudha adhiniveshathil pankedutthu. kalaapathil pankeduttha mattu naashanal gaard commandermarkoppam, grancher commandle ninnu mochithanaayi, pakshe addehathinte sainikar addehathe veendum thiranjedutthu, vezhsaay sarkkar addehathe amgeekarichillenkilum addeham 159-aamm battaaliyante command punaraarambhichu. blaankist vibhaagathinte prathinidhikalil oralaayi granger paarees kammyoonil pankedutthu. blanky (addehathinte sthaanam sarkkar rahasyamaayi sookshichirunnu) kandethukayum mochippikkukayum cheyyaanulla chumatala addehathinu nalkiyengilum dauthyam poortthiyaakkunnathinu munbu paarees kammyoon adichamarthappettu.
naadukadatthalum thirichuvaravum soshyalisathinum deseeyathaykkum edayilulla andhamaya raashtreeyam.
grancher englandil ninnu rakshapettu, oru pothumaapp francilake madangaan praapthamaakkunnathuvare landanil naadukadatthappettu. 1870 kalude avasaanathilum 1880 kalilum addeham blankvist jenalaaya "nii diu nii maithre" ("daivamo yajamaanano allah") yude pradhana edittarmaaril oraalaayirunnu. (addeham "ell hoome libre" yilekkum sambhavana nalki, 1888 ll emily yoodsinte maranashesham "leeii krii duu peeppil" enna pusthakatthinte edittar-inn-cheefaayi addehathe maatti.) blaankistukal avarude prayamaayathum durbalanumaaya nethaavine mochippikkunnathinaayi oru pracharanam aarambhichu, 1879 ll blanky bordo deputy aayi deseeya asambliyilekku thiranjedukkaan avarkk kazhinju. blanky appozhum jayililayathinaal thiranjeduppu raddaakkiyenkilum 1880ll addeham mochithanaayi. mochithanaaya sesham blanky grancharinoppam thaamasikkukayum 1881ll veettil vachu marikkukayum cheythu.
blankyude maranashesham taamasiyaathe, granger, edward vailantum mattullavarum chernnu blaankist party kendramaaya kendra viplava samiti sthaapichu. ennirunnaalum, eee samayathe blaankist prathyayashaasthram radical jacobin republicanism, samathwa soshyalisam, clericalism virudhatha, theevramaaya deseeya vamseeyatha, senophobia yahoodavirudhathayudeyum sakthamaaya pravaham ennivayude asthiramaaya samyojanamaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil franch theevra raashtreeyathil ithu oru asaadhaarana mishrithamaayirunnillenge, eee prathyayashaasthra mishrithatthinte gadakangal parasparam vairudhyathilaanennu sambhavangalude gathi kooduthal vyakthamaakkunnu. blaankist prasthaanatthile oru vibhaagam blankyude soshyalist paithrukathe uyarthikkattukayum jools guzede maarksist partyumaayi kooduthal adukkukayum cheythu, yahoodavirudhatha nirasikkukayum kuranjathu sidhaanthathil, soshyalisathinte anthaaraashtra thathwangale amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. ithaayirunnu edward vailantinte gathi. mattoru vibhaagam kooduthal kooduthal theevramaaya desheeyathayudeyum yahoodavirudhathayudeyum dishayilekku neengi. granger edutha kozhs ithaayirunnu. addehathinte cheria vibhaagamaayirunnenkilum, blankyumaayi vyakthiparamayi aduppamundaayirunna grencher, blaankisatthinte yadhaartha staanderd vahikkunnayalaayum vailaant oru vaikia interlopparaayum svayam kanakkakki.
boulaangisavum blaankisatthile pilarppum.
kendra viplava samithiyil vailntistukalum grangeraittukalum thammilulla samgharsham kurachukaalathekku pottipurappettu. 1886ll bharanaghadanayude punaravalokanatthinaayi kooduthal sakthamaaya oru pracharanam aarambhicha general georges boulaancharinte uyarchayode ithu kooduthal theevramaayi. republicanmaarum prathyekichu blaankistukalum boulaancharil vibhajikkappettirunnu. palarum addehathe pilkkala luis bonapartaayi kandu, addehathinte janakeeya vaachaadopangal addehathinte siseriyan abhilaashangal marachuvechu. boulaanchar oru "attimari" kku thayyaaredukkukayaanennum republicine thante vyakthiparamaaya svechaadhipathyathode maattisthaapikkaan uddeshichirunnuvennum avar bhayapettu, oorliyan rajavaazhchakkaarumaayulla addehathinte saambathikavum raashtreeyavumaaya bandhangalil avar aashankaakularaayi. mattu republicanmaar republicinodulla generalinte vishwasthathayude prathishedhangal vishwasikkukayum saamoohika parishkaranathekkurichulla addehathinte vaachaadopangal, 1871 leeii paraajayathinu prathikaram cheyyaanum alsays-loraine veendedukkaanumulla addehathinte viplavakaramaaya aagraham, sainyathile addehathinte parishkaarangal, addehathinte purohita virudha aamgyangal ennivayaal aakarshikkappedukayum cheythu. vayalant boulaangarinodu sathrutha pulartthiyirunnappol, grencher generalinte prachaaranathodu kooduthal kooduthal parasyamaayi sahathapam prakadippichu.
kurachukaalathekku, blaankistukal audyogika nishpakshathayude nayam sweekarichu avarude abhipraayavyathyaasangalekku ezhuthi boulamgisttukalum boorshwa republicanmaarum thammilulla tharkkam boorshwaasikkullile oru tharkkamaayirunnu, athil thozhilaallivargam paksham cheranamennilla. ennaal boulancharude pracharanam aakkam koottiyathode eee nilapad kooduthal amgeekarikkaanaavaathathaayi maari. 1888ll henry rochefortinte sthaanaarthithvathil blaankistukal bhinnichappozhaanu eee prashnam thalakeezhaayi vannath. soshyalist anubhavavum niravadhi blaankistukalodum muun communardukalodum vyakthiparamaaya bandhavumulla oru muthirnna republicanaayirunnu rochefort, ennaal 1880-kalil addeham boulaangarinte pinthunakkaaranaayi maarukayum oru boulaangist sthaanaarthiyaayi malsarikkukayum cheythu. granger addehathe pinthunachu; vailant thante republican ethiraaliyaaya susini pinthunachu. eee lamghanam pariharikkaanaavaathathaayi maari; grancher anuyaayikalum kendra viplava samiti upekshichu soshyalist-viplava kendra kammitti roopeekarichu, athesamayam vailantinte anuyaayikal svayam soshyalist-viplava party ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. 1901ll gusdistukalumaayum 1905ll mattu pradhana soshyalist vibhagangalumaayum layichu veyilantinte party soshyalist mukhyadhaarayilekku kooduthal neengi, varkkezhs internaashanal (ezz. eph. aii. oo) rashtreeya party ekeekritha soshyalist franch vibhaagam roopeekarichu. grancher samghavum desheeyathayude pinvaangalilekku kooduthal neengukayum oduvil illaathaavukayum cheythu.
deseeyathayum yahoodavirudhathayum.
1880kalude avasaanathil, grencher "ell 'intraansijant" enna jenalil sambhavana nalki. 1889ll grencher kammitti boulaangistukalumaayi oru thiranjeduppu sakhyathil earppettu. avar thiranjeduppu jillakal avarkkidayil vibhajichu, paareesile (saine) 19-aamath arontismentinaayi granger deseeya asambliyilekku thiranjedukkappettu. addeham oru thavana sevanamanushtichu; 1893-ll addeham veendum thiranjeduppil malsarichilla. 1890kalude avasaanathil, dreyfus vishayam franch republican soshyalisathinte mukhyadhaarayil ninnu grancharine kooduthal vibhajichu. bhooribhaagam franch soshyalistukalum germmanic vendi chaarappani nadathiyennu thettayi aaropikkappedunna jootha udyogasthanaaya alfred drayfasine pinthunaykkunnathil jeane jaurasine pinthudarnnu, allengil "boorshwas" drayfusaardukalum drewfusard virudharum (vailantum guzed cheythathupole) thammilulla nishpakshathayude nayam nilanirtthi. ennirunnaalum, chila muthirnna republicanmaar dreyfasine raajyadrohiyaayi apalapichavarude paksham chernnu. grencher avaril oraalaayirunnu. dreyfusard virudha pracharanam kooduthal parasyamaayi yahoodavirudhamaayi maari. granger svayam prakhyaapichu, 'blanky, triden ennivareppole... thathwachinthaaparamaayi oru yahoodavirudhanaaya addeham, fraansile yahoodavirudhathayude pradhana apposthalanaayirunna, theevra deseeyavaada avakaashathilekku kudiyeriya muun soshyalistaaya edward drumontinode sahathapam prakadippichu. mukhyadharaa soshyalistukal dreyfus virudha prachaaranatthil republicinethiraaya akramanam kaanukayum rajakeeya raashtreeyakkaarumaayulla dreyfus virudharude bandham shradhikkukayum cheythu; dreyfus bandham soshyalistukalude yahoodavirudhathaykkum vamsheeyathaykkumulla audyogika ethirppu urappikkaan sahayichu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, dreyfus bandham granchareyum addehatheppolulla mattu chilareyum franch soshyalisathinteyum republicanisathinte mukhyadhaarayil ninnu poornnamaayum puranthallukayum irupathaam noottaandil franch faasisathinu vazhiyorukkiya pravaahangalilekku nayikkukayum cheythu.
fraansilum europiludaneelavum desheeyathayude pottitheriyilekku nayicha sambhavathin saakshyam vahikkaan granger jeevichilla, ithu randaam anthaaraashtrathinte audyogika anthaaraashtravaadatheyum sainikavirudhathayeyum thurankam veeshukayum mukhyadharaa soshyalist prasthaanatthe vibhajikkukayum cheythu 1914 augustil onnaam lokamahaayudham pottipurappettu.

