tianjin thuramukhathinte charithram

munbu tangu thuramukham ennariyappettirunna tianjin thuramukham ("tianjin gyang") vadakkan chainayile ettavum valia thuramukhavum beijingilekkulla pradhana samudra kavaadavumaan. pradhana thuramukha pradeshathe maathram karsanamaayi soochippikkunna "tianjin singhang" () enna peru chilappol muzhuvan thuramukhatheyum soochippikkaan upayogikkunnu. baijing 170 kilometer thekk kizhakkum tianjin nagarathinu 60 kilometer kizhakkum haihe nadiyude azhimukhathe kendreekarichulla bohaay ulkkadalinte padinjaaran theerathaanu eee thuramukham sthithi cheiyunnathu. chainayile ettavum valia manushyanirmmitha thuramukhavum lokathile ettavum valia thuramukhangalilonnumaanu ithu. 2010 avasaanathode 31.9 kilometeriladhikam theerapradeshavum, 151 ulppaadana berthukalum ulppede 121 chathurashra kilometer bhoopradesamaanu ithu ulkkollunnath.
haay nadee thuramukhangal.
haiheyude thaazhnna pathayum azhimukhavum oru valia navigable basinte pradhana thandu, athupole thanne vadakke chaina samathalathinte ettavum padinjaarulla kadaltheeramaanu, ithu oru pradhana naavigeshan habinte vyakthamaaya sthalamaakki maattunnu. raashtreeyavum prakrithidathavumaaya maattangalkk anusrithamaayi roottukal maarikkondirikkunna ulnaadan, samudra jalapaathakalude kendramenna eee eratta swabhaavamaanu haihe thuramukhangalude charithram pinthudarunnathu.
kizhakkan hahn raajavamshathinte avasaanathil cavo cavo wuwan virudha prachaaranangale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi haihe bandhippikkunna rund kanaalukal nirmmichathaanu haiheyile thuramukha pravartthanatthinte aadya rekhakal. ennirunnaalum, sui raajavamshathile yang chakravarty aadyathe grand kanal poorthiyaakkiyathinushesham maathramaan vadakkukizhakkan chainayile sainika autposttukalilekku thekkan daanyangal athikkunna lover haihe oru logistic hubb enna nilayil praadhaanyam nediyathu. athe sainika aavasyakathayaanu sanhui thuramukhathe (<unk>) oru fluevial hubb aayum yongji kanal (<unk>), huttuvo nadhi (<unk>), luhe nadhi (<unk>) ennivayude samgamasthaanathu oru thuramukhamaayum aadhunika junliyaangengil (<unk>) sthaapikkaan taangine prerippichathu, ithu ippozhum pattanatthinte peril samrakshikkappedunnu. khithaanukalkkum goguriyoykkum ethiraaya taanginte prachaaranangalkk oru forwade logistic aditharayaayi sanhui thuramukham pravarthichu, theeradesha kappalukalum kanal baarjukalum oro varshavum 500,000 "daan" daanyangal kondupookunnu.
960ll haihe soong rajavamshathinum liavo rajavamshathinum edayilulla athirthiyaayi maari. haihe thuramukham vibhajikkappettu haiheyude thekk bhaagathulla nigu thuramukhavum vadakku janliyaanchengilaayirunnu liavo thuramukhavum. 1043ll manja nadiyude pathiv duranthagathiyilulla gathimaattangalilonn undaayi, 1194 vare athu haiheyude gathi etteduthu. aaa 150 varshathe kaalayalavil, "ozhukunna cheliyil" ninnulla valia cheli theerapradeshathu valia maattathinu kaaranamaayi junliyaangengile yadhaartha sthaanathu ninnu, theerarekha ekadesham 23 kilometer munnott pooyi innathe tanku, baitang, gavshaling ennee lainukalilekku. ithu junliyaangenginte thakarchayilekku nayichu, koodaathe oru puthiya pradhana thuramukham sigu (<unk>, ippol tianjin nagaram) yill sthaapichu.
1153ll jiinn rajavamsham athinte thalasthaanam songduvilekku (ippol baijing) maatti. thalasthaana nagariyude vanthothilulla aavasyangal jiguvine oru nirnaayaka dhaanya kendramaakki maatti, prathivarsham 17 laksham "daan" daanyangal vare neekkunnu. 1264ll yuwan rajavamsham aadhunika baijing pradeshamaaya daaduvil thalasthaanam sthaapichappol mangolian adhinivesham eee vyapaaram kooduthal aavasyamaakki.
daaduvinte valia aavasyangal niravettunnathu ulnaadan jalapaathakalkk poorakamaayi pathivayi kadalpaathakal srishtikkunnathinulla prachodanamaayirunnu, avaa (valareyadhikam vipuleekaranam undaayirunnittum) avayude parimithamaaya sheshiyilethukayaayirunnu. sejiang pravishyayile liyujiyagangineyum jhiguvinte yaankan (Â) warfine bandhippikkunna kadal pathakal 1276-lum (tang theerathe kettippidikkal root, poortthiyaakkaan 120 divasamedukkum) 1282-lum (poortthiyaakkaan 30 divasamedukkunna oru root) sthaapichu. 1293ll liyujiyagangil ninnu yaankoonilekku kooduthal nerittulla thuranna kadal paathayiloode moonnaamathe kadal paatha thurannappol, yangsi mukhathu ninnu kizhakode "black vaattar ooshyan" (manjakkadalinte ettavum aazhameriya bhagam), chengshan keppinu chuttumulla shandong upadveepinte attathekku thiriyukayum miyavodavo kadalidukkiloode bohaay kadalilekku praveshikkukayum thudarnnu laishovil ninnu nerittu haihe mukhathekku pookukayum cheythu. eee roottinu kooduthal sankeernamaaya naavigeshan aavashyamaayirunnu, pakshe kappal kayaran patthu divasathil thaazhe samayameduthu, saaraamshathil shanghaik tianjin edayilulla shippinginaayi innum ithu upayogikkunnu. valarnnuvarunna eee kadal vyaapaarathe sahayikkunnathinaayi, 1318-ll haihe mukhathe longwangmiyawo kshethrathil eee mekhalayile naavika samvidaanathinulla aadya record sahayam sthaapichu. pakal samayat uyarnna thoonukalil velutha thunitharangal uyarthiyirunnu. raathriyil, aduthuvarunna bottukale nayikkaan vilakkukal kathikkukayum uyarthukayum cheythu.
yuvaante pathanathodeyum thalasthaanam nanjingilekku maariyathiloodeyum pravartthanam kuranju. vijayicha oru nirbandhitha nadhi kadakkunnathinte smaranaykkaayi 1400-ll yonkle chakravarty jhigu thuramukhathe "tianjin" ("chakravartthiyude foord") ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. 1405ll yonkle saamraajyathva thalasthaanam baijingilekku maattiyath dhaanyakendramenna nilayil tianjinte praadhaanyam puthukki. taamasiyaathe, thuramukham prathivarsham 4 dasalaksham "daan" daanyangal neekkunnundaayirunnu, ithu ming, kwing samayangalil valare sthirathayode thudarnnu.
mingum pinneedu king kadal vyaapaarathodu idaykkide sathrutha pularthiyirunnathinaal noottaandukalaayi "kadal nirodhanam" enna nayam baadhakamaayirunnu. kadalkkollakkarkkethiraaya prathirodham shakthippeduthunnath muthal theerapradeshathe janasamkhya poornnamaayum kuraykkunnathu vare eee nayam vyathyasthamaayirunnu. athinaal, nadikalum kadal paathakalum thammilulla vyaapaarathinte shradha eee kaalayalavil theevramaayi kuthichu.
haiha nadeemukha thuramukhatthinte vikasanam.
kizhakkan eshyayil paashchaathyashakthikalude vardhichuvarunna saannidhyathode, beijingilekkulla samudra praveshanathinte praadhaanyam vardhichu. 1816ll dagu pradeshathe haihe azhimukhathekkulla praveshanam samrakshikkunnathinaayi taaku kottakal punarnirmmichu. randaam karupp yudhathil kottakal oru nirnaayaka yudhakkalamaayi maari. yudhathinushesham, yudhathinushesham tianjin udambadi tianjine videsha vyaapaarathin thurannukodukkukayum tianjinil aadyathe videsha elavukal sthaapikkukayum cheythu. pradhana vyapara thuramukham sichulin (<unk>) enna nadiyude mukalilaayi sthithicheyyumbol, tianjin nagarathinu thottaduthaayi, daguvum tanguvum nirnaayaka traanshipment pooyintukalaayi maari, taaku baar (δι′) kaaranam, haihe mukhathe rund mile veethiyulla manalkkallin 3 meettaril thaazhe uyarnna veliyetta aazhamundaayirunnu. ithinartham mikka kadalyaathra kappalukalkkum bohaay ulkkadalil nankooramidukayum aazhamillaatha baarjukalilekku avarude charakk laghookarikkukayum venam. eee aavashyathinaayi, sino-britiish "taaku tugg & laittareju kambani" (δικα τογιν) 1864 ll sthaapikkappedukayum tanguvile aadyathe aadhunika warf thurakkukayum cheythu (innathe huwanhay kappalsaalayaaya lanjingdavoyile "tongu littil warf"). taamasiyaathe mattu traanshipment soukaryangal, prathyekichu butterfield & swayar, jardine maathisan enniva nadathunnava. kwing gavanmentinte nirnaayaka thanthraparamaaya oru kendramaayi tangu thudarnnu, lii hongshang avide taaku naavika doock yard sthaapikkukayum kiping tramwayude daguvilekku-pinneedu jingtang (baijing-tangu) reyilveyude vipuleekaranam valarthukayum cheythu.
boxer kalapam orikkalkkoodi taaku kottakalkkaayi oru nirnaayaka yuddham kandu. ettu rashtra sakhyam baijing pidichedutthathinushesham, boxer protocolil oppuvaykkaan kwing kodathi nirbandhithayaayi, ithu elavukalude valuppam (ippol ombathu rajyangal ulppede) kooduthal vardhippikkukayum taamguvinte videsha adhinivesham anuvadikkukayum cheythu. ithu vividha videshashakthikalude tanku thuramukhathinte ganyamaaya vikasanathilekku nayichu. britiish, jarmman, japanese, american kambanikal nirmmicha vaarvukal (kooduthalum haiheyude vadakkan theerathu), 1940 aayappozhekkum tanguvinu 56 berthukal undaayirunnu, athaayath 6,090 meter kayside.
tanggu singaanginte sthaapanam.
tanku singhang thuramukhatthinte (pinneedu tianjin singhang thuramukham) charithram aarambhichath chainayile japanese adhiniveshakaalathaanu. 1938-ll, tianjinileyum tanguvileyum nilavilulla nadeethadangal vadakkan chainayilekkum athil ninnumulla gathagatha aavasyangal niravettaan paryaapthamallenn japanese adhinivesha seena theerumaanichu. siltting shaityakaala ising kaaranam haihe prashnakaramaayirunnu, taaku baar valare aazhamillaatha kappalukalilekku maathrame kadannupokaan anuvadichirunnulloo, athinaal haihe azhimukhathinu purathu oru thuramukham nirmmichu sheshi vipuleekarikkaan theerumaanichu. oru paryavekshana, aasoothrana kaalayalavinusesham, 1940 october 25 nuu nirmmaana pravartthanangal aarambhichu. 1941 octoberil, tangu puthiya thuramukha thuramukha beuro sthaapichu.
30 kilometer break vaattar sthaapikkuka; 13.4 kilometer veethiyulla 200 meter shipping chaanal dred cheyyuka; haiheyude praveshana kavaadatthil oru shipock nirmmikkuka; 27 meter projected throoputtinaayi 12 berthukalulla moonnu vaarvukal sthaapikkuka ennivayaanu yadhaartha japanese padhathi aavasyappettathu. 1947 oode padhathi poortthiyaakumennu pratheekshichirunnu. jappanil yuddham thettaan thudangiyathode pravartthanangal mandagathiyilaayi, vibhavangal (prathyekichu kalkari) kooduthal kuranju. 1945ll jappan keezhadangumbozhekkum padhathi pakuthiyil thaazhe poortthiyaayi shipping chaanal moonnil rund bhaagavum dred cheythu, break waterukal 11 kilometer vyapippichu, 700 meter keysaidulla oru terminal maathrame poorthiyaayittulloo, randaamathe terminal barj terminal eathaandu poortthiyaayi. kappalnirapp 85 sathamaanam poortthiyaayi, 11 kilometer railway sthaapichu, kappal doock (ippol singhang kappalsala) sthaapichu.
1945 septambar septambar aadyathe maraine division tanguvil ethi, deseeya sarkkaarin niyanthranam kaimaarunnathinumumbu 1945 october october jappankar tianjin keezhadangiya kaaryam amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. kumintang adhikaarikal apoornnamaaya jolikal punararambhikkukayum thuramukham veendum thurakkukayum cheythu. ennaal chainees aabhyantharayudham pottippurappettathode vibhavangal vattukayum thuramukhathinte nadatthippil kramakkedukal vardhikkukayum cheythu. vibhavangalude abhavam, yudhanaasham, oduvil pinvaangunna deseeya sakthikal polikkunnath enniva tangu puthiya thuramukhathe keduvaruthukayum upayogashoonyamaakkukayum cheythu.
1949 septambar october kammyoonistukaar tangu pidichadakkiyenkilum thuramukham oonlainil punasthaapikkunnathu mandagathiyilulla prakriyayayirunnu. 1950 septambar 15 nuu, tianjin mekhalayile thuramukhangalude aadyathe ekeekritha maanejment nalkunnathinaayi gathagatha vakuppinte tianjin portt beuro audyogikamaayi sthaapikkappettu. 1951 august 24 nuu, tanguvile thuramukhangal veendum "tangu puthiya thuramukham" aayi punasamghadippikkukayum naavigeshan chaanal veendum azhukunnathinum naalu kadaltheerangal punaradhivasippikkunnathu pravartthanangal aarambikkukayum cheythu. 1952 october october thuramukham gathaagathathinaayi veendum thurannu. akkaalat, pradhana chaanal 6 meter aazhathil kuzhikkukayum 7,000 dablyudi vare kappalukal kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyukayum 800,000 tonn vaarshika throoput maathrame undaayirunnulloo-nilavile sheshiyude aidi 1 ll kuravaanu.
adutha dashakangalil thuramukha vipuleekaranam mandagathiyilaayirunnu. 1956 aayappozhekkum, uthppaadanam 10 dasalaksham tannilethi, adutha rund pathittaandukalolam athu ekadesham aaa nilayilaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, peeples republic oof chainayile thuramukha vikasanathinte thudakkakkaaranaayirunnu tanggu singhanga 1973 septambaril, tianjin thuramukham chainayile aadyathe anthaaraashtra container kappal paatha vijayakaramaayi thurannu. 1970 kalude avasaanathil beijiyaanginte naalu peerukal nirmmichathode vipuleekaranathinte mandagathiyilulla kaalayalav thudarnnu. 1980ll tianjin thuramukham chainayil aadyathe samarppita container terminal sthaapichu.
parishkaranavum thurakkalum.
1979-nuu sheshamulla parishkaranavum udghaadana kaalaghattavum chainayile durghadamaaya thuramukha adisthaana soukaryangalil valia sammarddam chelutthi. tirakk kendra sarkkar parishkaranatthinu nirbandhithamaakkunnathra gurutharamaayi 1984 juun 1 nuu, tianjin thuramukham vaarthaavinimaya manthraalayathinte nerittulla niyanthranatthil ninnu kendra, praadeshika niyanthranatthinte "eratta" samvidaanathilekku maatti.
eee kaimaattatthil line pravartthanangal, manavavibhavasheshi, saambathika utharavaaditham enniva tianjin munisippal gavanmentinu kaimarukayum gathagatha mantraalayam thanthraparamaaya aasoothranavum ekopana chumathalakalum nilanirthukayum cheythu. 1984 juulai 19 nuu gathagatha vakuppinte tianjin portt beuro tianjin authority thuramukham ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. vimarsanaathmakamaayi, eee puthiya thuramukha authoritic aapekshika saambathika svayambharanathinte oru digri nalki ("rwans payment, rwang ching" enna nayam), saaraamshathil nilanirtthiya varumaanathil ninnu vipuleekaranathinu dhanasahayam nalkaan thuramukhathe anuvadikkunnu.
eee bhagika udaaravalkkaranam undaayirunnittum, undaayirunnittum thudakkathil valarcha valare mandagathiyilaayirunnu. niravadhi vaarvukalude aadhunikavalkkaranathinum vipuleekaranathinum dhanasahayam nalkia locabank adisthaana soukarya vikasana vaaypakalude thaarathamyena aadyakaala sweekarthaavaayi maarunnathuvare thuramukham bhoomiyum mooladhana shaamavum moolam durbalamaayirunnu. purogamanaparamaaya vaanijya vijayathodum mooladhanam vardhippichathinum sesham thuramukham valippathilum seshiyilum athivegam vikasikkaan thudangi.
thudarnnu uthppaadanam kuthichuchaattathode vardhichu. 1988ll uthpaadanam 20 dasalaksham tonn enna naazhikakkall marikadannu, 1993 muthalulla patthu varshangalil vaarshika uthpaadanam valarcha oro varshavum sharashari 10 dasalaksham tonn aayirunnu. 2001 desemberil 100 dasalaksham tonn enna nilayilethiya vadakkan chainayile aadyathe thuramukhamaayirunnu eee thuramukham, 2004ll ithu 200 dasalaksham tonn, 2007ll 300 dasalaksham tonn, 2010ll 400 dasalaksham tonn ennivayilethi. 1992ll 40 laksham tiu ennathil ninnu 2002ll 24 laksham tiu enna nilayilum 2007ll 7.1 dasalaksham tiu enna nilayilum 2010ll 10 dashalakshathiladhikam tiu enna nilayilum thuramukhathinte container kaikaaryam cheyyaanulla sheshi vardhichu.
thuramukhatthinte ghadanayum maari. 1992ll tianjin portt storeju aandu transportation kambaniye tianjin portt beuroyude poornna udamasthathayilulla oru joyint stokku kambaniyaayi maatti. 1996ll ithu tianjin portt holdings kambaniyaayi (tpc) parivartthanam cheyyukayum shanghoy stokku maarkkattil listt cheyyappedukayum cheythu. 1997ll, thuramukhathinte container kaikaaryam cheiyunna swathukkalude udamasthathayilulla tianjin development holdingukal hongongil pattikapedutthi. athinte thuramukha asthikal pinneedu tianjin portt development kambaniyaayi (tii. pii. dii) vibhajikkappedukayum 2006 ll hongong ekschenchil pattikappedutthukayum cheythu.
2001ll, chainayile ellah sosukalinteyum vyapakamaaya parishkaranatthinte bhaagamaayi, vividha thuramukha adhikaarikale korppareshanukalaayi parivartthanam cheythukondu samsthaana bharanavum ellah thuramukhangalileyum pravartthanavum verthirikkenda maargganirddeshangal samsthaana kaunsil pasaki. poornnamaayum vaanijya samrambhangalayi chainayude thuramukha pravartthanatthe niyantrikkunnathinaayi 2003 ll thuramukha niyamam pasaki. thuramukha oopparettarmaarude videsha udamasthaavakaasham aadyamaayi niyamam anuvadichu.
thuramukhathinaayulla pathinonnaamatthe panchavatsara vikasana padhathi paasakkunnathinaayi korpparetvalkkaranam pii. tii. eiii vaikippichu. 2004 juun 3 nuu maathramaan parivartthanam poortthiyaayathu, chainayile avasaanathe pradhana thuramukha athorittiyaayi pii. tii. eiii oru korppareshanaayi maariyappol tianjin portt (group) kambani (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>
<unk> saambathika sunami chainees thuramukhangale prathyekichu kadinamaayi baadhichu, kaaranam avaa videsha vyapara pravaahathe valareyadhikam aasrayichirikkunnu. vaividyavalkkaranam kaaranam tianjin thuramukham saraashariyekkaal mikacha prakadanam kaazhchavachu container bisinesses edinjappol, bulk vyapaaram (prathyekichu irumbayiru) shakthamayi thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, prathisandhi laabhathe saaramaayi baadhichu, ithu tianjin sarkkaarine thuramukhathinte ghadana punasamghadippikkaanum kaaryakshamamakkaanum bodhyappedutthi, 2009 ll avar tii. pii. dii (cheria oopparettar, ennaal upayogapradamaaya videsha rajistreshanum videsha mooladhana vipanikalilekkulla praveshanavum ulla onnu) tii. pii. sii. ettedukkukayum cheythu. athesamayam, tianjin development holdingukalil (tianjin vaanijya manthraalayathinte anubandha sthaapanam) ninnu tpdyude udamasthaavakaasham tpjiyilekku maatti. layanam avasaanikkumbozhekkum, 2010 februvari 4 nuu, tianjin thuramukhathe ellah pravartthanangalum tii. pii. jii. kku keezhil ekeekarichu.
ekeekarichu spodanangal.
2015 augustil valia vyavasaya apakadangal tianjin thuramukhathe prathikoolamaayi baadhichu. august 12 nuu binha oru thuramukha raasa sambharana kendratthil spodanangalude oru parambara nadannu, ithu 173 maranangalkkum 800 oolam perkku parikkelkkunnathinum kaaranamaayi. chainayile bhookamba shringalayude kendram parayunnathanusarichu spodanathil 21 metrik tonn tnt allengil oru oru bhookambathinu thulyamaayirunnu. mattu ettu pere kaanaathaayittund. 2015 august august ettu spodanangal koodi undaayi.

