iso/aiisi 2022

iso/aiisi 2022 "information teknolaji-caractor coode structure ekstenshan teknikkukalum", prateeka encoding mekhalayile oru iso/aiisi staanderdaanu (ikma staanderd ikma-35, aansi staanderd aansi x3.41, japanese industrial staanderd jiss x 0202 ennivaykku thulyamaanu). 1971ll uthbhavicha ithu ettavum aduthide 1994ll parishkarichu.
graaphikkal pratheekangalkk pakaram, printing ithara niyanthrana kodukal formattinginum inn-baand nirddeshangalkkum (line breakkukal allengil tekst terminalukalkulla formatting nirddeshangal polullava) upayogikkunna baittukalude (0x 00-1 f, 0x7f-9f) prathyeka shrenikal samarppichukond prateeka encodingukalkku anuyojyamaaya oru pothu ghadana iso 2022 vyakthamaakkunnu. escape seekwansukalkkaayulla oru vaakyaghadanayum ithu vyakthamaakkunnu, kantrol codil ninnu aarambikkunna multiple-baitt sequenceukal, inn-baand nirddeshangalkkum ithu upayogikkaam. iso 2022 upayogichu upayogikkaan roopakalppana cheythirikkunna nirddishta niyanthrana kodukalum escape sequenceukalum iso/aiisi 6429 ulppedunnu, avayude bhagangal aansi nadappilaakkunnu.sii. aii. ezz., terminal emulettarukal.
iso 2022 thanne prathyeka niyanthrana kodukalum escape sequenceukalum nirvachikkunnu, avaa vyathyastha coode cheytha prateeka settukalkkidayil (udaaharanathinu, aassiyikkum japanese jisinum idayil x 0208) maattaan upayogikkaam, angane orotta documentil onniladhikam upayogikkaam, avaye phalapradamaayi samyojippichu orotta avasthayulla encodingilekk (unicodinte varavinushesham praadhaanyamillaatha oru savisheshatha). 8-bitt parithasthithikalilum 7-bitt parithasthithikalilum (oru baittil ezhu bittukal maathram upayogikkaan kazhiyunnava, 8-bitmaim illaatha iii-meyil polullava) upayogikkaan kazhiyunna tharatthilaanu ithu roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu.
encodingukalum anuroopavum.
greak, cyrillic, arabic, hebru thudangiya thaarathamyena kurachu aksharangalulla ezhuthu samvidaanangalum diacritics allengil iso basic laattin aksharamalayil illaatha aksharangal upayogikkunna laattin aksharamaalayude roopangalum charitraparamaayi vyathyastha 8-bitt, single baitt, extended aski encodingukalulla computerukalil prathinidheekarikkappettittu. aii. ezz. oo 8859 seerees polulla ivayil chilath aii. ezz. oo 2022-nuu anusrithamaanu, doses coode peju 437 polulla mattullava saadhaaranayaayi 0x <aii. dii. 1> eph bitukal niyanthrana kodukalkkaayi reserve cheyyaathathinaal cheiyunnilla.
chila kizhakkan eshyan bhashakal, prathyekichu chainees, japanese, corian (koottaayi "sijeke"), oru baittil prathinideekarikkaan kazhiyunna paramavadhi 256-nekkaal valare kooduthal aksharangal upayogichaanu ezhuthappedunnathu, avaa bhasha-nirddishta double-baitt encodingukalo variable-width encodingukalo ulla computerukalil aadyam prathinidheekarichirunnu; ivayil chilath (lalithamaaya chainees encoding polullava) anuyojyamaanu, mattullava (parambaraagatha chainees encoding bigg 5 polullava) allah. graaphikkal pratheekangalkkayi upayogikkunna baittukalude ennam pariganikkathe thanne iso 2022 leeii niyanthrana kodukal ellaayppozhum orotta baitt upayogichu prathinidheekarikkunnu. akshara settukalkkidayil marran samvidaanangal upayogikkunna 7-bitt parithasthithikalil upayogikkunna sijeke encodingukalkku palappozhum "iso-2022-" ll aarambikkunna perukal nalkunnu, prathyekichu iso-2022-jepi, ennirunnaalum yousi-jepi polulla mattu chila sijeke encodingukalum iso 2022 mekkaanisangal upayogikkunnu.
unicodinte aadyathe 256 coode pooyintukal iso 8859-1 ll ninnaan eduthathu ennathinaal, iso 2022 niyanthrana kodukalkku purame printing ithara pratheekangalum cherkkunnundenkilum, ico 2022 ll ninnu yathaakramam, sii0 niyanthrana kodukal enna ashayam unicodine paarambaryamaayi labhikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, utf-8 polulla unicode parivartthana formaattukal saadhaaranayaayi iso 2022 ghadanayil ninnu vividha reethikalil vyathichalikkunnu, avayil iva ulppedunnu
ennirunnaalum, iso 2022 escape sequenceukal utf-8 lake athil ninnum maarunnathin "iso 2022 ll ninnu vyathyasthamaaya coding sisttamaayi" nilavilundu, avaye eksterm polulla chila terminal emulettarukal pinthunaykkunnu.
avalokanam.
gadakangal.
iso/aiisi 2022 inipparayunnava vyakthamaakkunnu
coode pathippukal.
oru prathyeka nadappaakkal ellah maanadandangalum nadappilaakkendathilla; anuroopa nilavaravum pinthunaykkunna prateeka settukalum nadappakkalaanu nirvachikkunnath. iso/aiisi 2022 staanderd nirvachichirikkunna pala samvidaanangalum apoorvamaayi maathrame upayogikkunnulloovenkum, niravadhi sthaapitha encodingukal iso/aiisi 2022 sisttathinte upavibhaagathe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. prathyekichum, aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii 2022 samvidaanangal upayogikkunna 7-bitt encoding samvidaanangalil aii. ezz. oo-2022-jeey. pii (allengil jiss encoding) ulppedunnu, ithu praadhamikamaayi japanese bhasha iii-meyilil upayogikkunnu. iso/aiisi 2022-nuu anusrithamaaya 8-bitt encoding sisttangalil iso/aiisi 4873 (ikma-43), iso/aiisi 8859 ennivaykku anusrithamaayi, kizhakkan eshyan bhashakalkkaayi upayogikkunna extended unix coode enniva ulppedunnu. iso 2022-nte kooduthal prathyeka prayogangalil maarkk 21 library recordukalil upayogikkunna maarkk-8 encoding sisttam ulppedunnu.
escape sequenceukal enna peru.
prathyeka prateeka settukalilekko encodingukalilekko maarunnathinulla escape sequenceukal aiso-ir rajistriyil rajisttar cheythittundu (swakaarya upayogathinaayi verthirichirikkunnava ozhike, avayude ardhangal wendermar nirvachikkunnu, allengil arib ezz. tii. dii-bii 24 polulla protocol savisheshathakal) koodaathe staanderdinullil nirvachicha paattenukal palikkuka. eee escape sequenceukal upayogikkunna caractor encodingukalkku daatta thudarchayaayi oru munnottulla dishayil prosess cheyyendathundu, kaaranam daattayude sariyaaya vyaakhyaanam munbu neritta escape seekwansukale aasrayichirikkunnu.
iso-2022-jepi polulla nirddishta profileukal oru variyude avasaanathinu munbu nilavile prateeka settu us-aisiyilekku reesett cheiyunnathupolulla adhika vyavasthakal earppeduthiyekkaam. koodaathe, oru prathyeka aii. ezz. oo-2022 adisthaanamaakkiyulla encoding anuvadikkukayo aavashyappedukayo cheythaal deseeya prateeka settukal prakhyaapikkunna escape sequenceukal illaayirikkaam, koodaathe prathyeka deseeya prateeka settukal upayogikkanamennu nirddeshikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, iso-8859-1 parayunnath escape sequence nirvachikkenda aavasyamilla ennaanu.
multy-baitt pratheekangal.
valia prateeka settukale prathinidheekarikkunnathin, iso/aiisi 2022 iso/aiisi 646-nte propertyil nirmmikkunnu, oru ezhu-bitt pratheekangal saadhaaranayaayi 94 graphik (achadikkaan kazhiyunna) pratheekangale nirvachikkum (sthalathinum 33 niyanthrana pratheekangalkkum purame); yathaakramam niyanthrana kodukal (churukki nirvachichirikkunnu) maathram ozhivaakkukayaanenkil, ithu 96 pratheekangalayi vikasippikkaan kazhiyum. athinaal rund bitukal upayogichu 8,836 (94x94) pratheekangalum moonnu bitukal upayogichu 830,584 (94x94x94) pratheekangalum vare prathinideekarikkaan kazhiyum. staanderd ithu nirvachikkunnundenkilum, oru rajisterdu prateeka settum moonnu bitukal upayogikkunnilla (yook-twuvinte rajisttar cheyyaatha jii 2 cheiyunnuvenkilum, athupole thanne rajisttar cheyyaatha ccci).
rund-baitt prateeka settukalkku, oro pratheekatthinteyum coode pooyint saadhaaranayaayi "roow-sell" allengil "kuden" roopathil vyakthamaakkunnu, athil 1 num 94 num idayil rund samkhyakal ulppedunnu, athuvazhi mekhalaykkullil aaa pratheekatthinte oru variyum koshavum vyakthamaakkunnu. moonnu baitt settinu, thudakkathil oru adhika "playin" nambar ulppeduthiyittundu. escape sequenceukal eathu prateeka settaanu upayogikkunnathennu mathramalla, settu single-baitaano multy-baitaano (multy-baittaanengil athu ethra bitukal upayogikkunnuvennalla), koodaathe oro baittinum 94 allengil 96 anuvadaneeyamaaya moolyangalundo ennum prakhyaapikkunnu.
coode ghadana.
notteshanum naamakaranavum.
iso/aiisi 2022 coding prateeka kodukalum pradharshippicha pratheekangalum thammilulla rund-paali mapping vyakthamaakkunnu. escape sequenceukal graphik caractor settukalude eathenkilum valia rajistriye ennivaykku muthal jii2 vare ennu perittirikkunna naalu working settukalilonnil "niyukthamakkaan" anuvadikkunnu, koodaathe cheria niyanthrana sequenceukal streamile baittukale vyaakhyaanikkaan "abhyarthikkunna" working settu vyakthamaakkunnu.
encoding baitt moolyangal ("bitt kombineshanukal") palappozhum koolam-line notteshanil nalkunnu, avide 00-15 shreniyile rund dasaamsha samkhyakal (oronnum orotta hexadesimal akkavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu) oru slash upayogichu verthirikkunnu. athinaal, udaaharanathinu, 2/15 (0x2f) ulppedunna 2/0 (0x20) kodukale "koolam 02" ennu vilikkam. iso/aiisi 2022/ikma-35 staanderdil thanne upayogikkunna notteshanaanith. eee lekhanathil palappozhum upayogikkunnathupole hexadesimal upayogicho allengil anubandha aassiai pratheekangal upayogicho avaa mattevideyengilum vivarikkaam, ennirunnaalum escape sequenceukal yadhaarthathil baitt moolyangalude adisthaanathil nirvachikkappedunnu, koodaathe aaa baitt moolyathinu nalkiyirikkunna graphik niyanthrana sreniye baadhikkathe mattiyekkaam.
7-bitt aassiai graphik shreniyil ninnulla (hexadesimal 0x 20-0 x7f) baitt moolyangal, oru prateeka coode tableinte idathuvashathullathinaal, "jii. ell" kodukal ("jii. ell" ennathu "graphics lephtt" ennu soochippikkunnu) ennum "hye aassiai" shreniyil ninnulla bitukal (0xa0-0xff) labhyamaanengil (i.iii. 8-bitt parithasthithiyil), "graa" kodukal ("graphics raitt") ennu vilikkunnu. cl" (0x 00-0 x1f), "cr" (0x 80-0 x9f) ennee padangal niyanthrana srenikalkkaayi nirvachikkappettirikkunnu, ennaal cl shreni ellaayppozhum praadhamika (c0) niyanthranangal abhyarthikkunnu, athesamayam cr shreni ellaayppozhum dvitheeya (c1) niyanthranangal abhyarthikkunnu allengil upayogikkappedunnil.
nischitha coode cheytha aksharangal.
delete pratheekamaaya dell (0x7f), escape pratheekamaaya eske (0x1b), space pratheekamaaya espi (0x20) enniva "fixed" coode cheytha pratheekangalayi naamanirddesham cheyyappedunnu, eathu prateeka settukal niyukthamaakkiyittundu ennivaykku jii. ellil vilikkumbol ellaayppozhum labhyamaan. avaa graaphikkal prateeka settukalil ulppeduthiyittillaayim, ennirunnaalum mattu valuppangalo whitespace pratheekangalude tharangalo aakam.
escape seekwansukalude pothuvaaya vaakyaghadana.
asc (escape) pratheekangal upayogikkunna sequenceukal kokvi _ 1 enna roopathil edukkunnu, avide asc pratheekatthe pinthudarunna 0x 20-0 x2f shreniyil ninnu poojyamo athiladhikamo intermediat baittukalum 0x 30-0 x7e shreniyil ninnu oru avasana baittum () undu.
aadyathe baitt allengil athinte abhavam, escape seekvansinte tharam nirnnayikkunnu; udaaharanathinu, ithu oru working settine nirddeshikkukayo orotta niyanthrana pravartthanatthe soochippikkukayo cheythekkaam. ellaatharam escape sequenceukalilum, 0x 30-0 x3f shreniyile bitukal kakshikal thammilulla munkoor karar nirvachichirikkunna rajisttar cheyyaatha swakaarya upayogangalkkayi neekkivachirikkunnu.
chila settukalil ninnulla niyanthrana pravartthanangal sariyaaya escape sequence pinthudarnnu kooduthal bitukal upayogichekkaam. udaaharanathinu, oru escape sequence upayogichu prathinideekarikkaan kazhiyunna "aii. ezz. oo 6429 kantrol functione" 0x 30-0 x3f shreniyil poojyamo athiladhikamo bitukal pinthudarunnu, thudarnnu 0x 20-0 x2f shreniyil poojyamo athiladhikamo bitukal, thudarnnu 0x 40-0 x7e shreniyile orotta baitt, muzhuvan sreniyeyum "kantrol sequence" ennu vilikkunnu.
graaphikkal prateeka settukal.
ennivaykku muthal jii2 vareyulla naalu pravartthana settukalil oronnum 94-prateeka settu allengil allengil multy-baitt settu aakam. koodaathe, jii0 muthal jii2 vareyulla oru 96-allengil 96-allengil koottam aakam.
oru 96-allengil 96-n-prateeka settil, jii. ell-invoc cheyyumbol 0x20 muthal muthal vareyulla bitukal, allengil jii. aarr-invoc cheyyumbol 0xa0 muthal 0xff vareyulla bitukal, settilekku anuvadikkukayum avaa upayogikkukayum cheyyaam. 94-allengil 94-n-pratheekangalude koottatthil, 0x20,0x7f ennee bitukal upayogikkunnilla. jii. ell. mekhalayil oru 96-allengil 96-enn-prateeka settu vilikkumbol, 94-allengil 94-enn-prateeka settu kazhiyum settu polullava) jii. ell. ll vilikkunnathuvare space, delete pratheekangal (kodukal 0x20,0x7f) labhyamalla. 96-aksharangalulla settukale ennivaykku ennu nirvachikkaan kazhiyilla.
oru settine 96-prateeka settaayi rajisttar cheiyunnathu 0x20/a0,0x7f/ff bitukal yadhaarthathil settu nalkiyirikkunnu ennalla ardhamaakkunnathu; 96-settukalaayi rajisttar cheythittullathum ennaal aaa bitukal upayogikkathathumaaya graaphikkal prateeka settukalude chila udaaharanangalil i-yude g1 settu ulppedunnu.ezz. 434, iso/aiisi 10367, iso-ir-164 ennivayil ninnulla boxes droying settu (aisit upayogikkunna aksharangal maathram ulla iso-8859-8 nte jii0 settinte oru upavibhagam).
kathaapaathrangalude samyojanam.
graaphikkal settu vyakthamaakkunnillengil, pratheekangal samyojippikkathe, aksharangal spacing pratheekangalaayirikkumenna prathekshikkunnu. iso 2022/ikma-35 backspace, kyarej ritten kantrol pratheekangal ennivayude upayogavum mattuvidhathil spacing pratheekangalum csi sequence "graphik caractor kompineshan" (jisisi) (cocks _ 2) samyojippikkunnathinulla maargamaayi amgeekarikkunnu.
baxpacinteyum kyarej ritteninteyum upayogam iso/aiisi 646 anuvadikkunnu, ennaal iso/aiisi 4873/ikma-43 umm iso/aiisi 8859 umm ithu graaphikkal prateeka shekharathe nirvachikkappedaathathinte adisthaanathil nirodhichirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, iso/aiisi 4873/ikma-43, vyathyastha ardhamulla oru pratheekatthe roopappeduthunnathinu ovar-staambu cheiyunnathinupakaram, pratheekangalude kramam athepadi nilanirthukayum oru sthalathu maathram pradarshippikkukayum cheythaal jisisi function upayogikkaan anuvadikkunnu.
kathaapaathrangalude settukal niyanthrikkuka.
kantrol caractor settukale yathaakramam "c0", "c1" kantrol coode settukal ennum vilikkunna "primery" allengil "secondary" kantrol coode settukal ennu tharamthirickunnu.
oru yathaakramam kantrol settil settil yill asc (escape) kantrol pratheekangal adangiyirikkanam (asc maathram adangiyirikkunna oru yathaakramam settu aiso-ir-104 aayi rajisttar cheythirikkunnu), athesamayam oru sii0 kantrol settil escape kantrol oru tharatthilum adangiyirikkilla. athinaal, avaa poornnamaayum vyathyasthamaaya rajistreshanukalaanu, oru yathaakramam settu oru yathaakramam settu maathravum sii0 settu oru sii0 settu maathravumaan.
aii. ezz. oo 6429/iii. sii. emm. eiii-48 nte yathaakramam settil ninnulla kodukal aanenkil, i.iii. yathaakramam settil drishyamaakunna aassiai niyanthrana kodukal avarude iso 6429/ikma-48 lokkeshanukalil drishyamaakanam. iso 6429/ikma-48 (soh, ezz tii ex, etks, iodi, enn kyu, akku, dii leeii, naak, siin, ettu bii) enniva ulppeduthiyittulla patthu transmission kantrol pratheekangalkk purame sii 0 settil transmission kantrol pratheekangal ulppeduthunnathum allengil sii 1 settil aaa patthil eathenkilum ulppeduthunnathum iso/aiisi 2022/ikma-35 staanderd nirodhichirikkunnu.
oru yathaakramam kantrol settu 0x00 muthal muthal vareyulla sii. ell. shreniyil abhyarthikkunnu, athesamayam oru sii0 kantrol function 0x80 muthal muthal vareyulla sii. aarr shreniyil (8-bitt parithasthithiyil) allengil escape sequenceukal (7-bitt allengil 8-bitt parithasthithiyil) upayogichu abhyarthikkaam, pakshe randum allah. sii0 abhyarthanayude eathu sailiyaanu upayogikkunnathu ennathu coode pathippinte nirvachanathil vyakthamaakkanam. udaaharanathinu, iso/aiisi 4873 athu upayogikkunna sii0 niyanthranangalkkayi niyanthranangalkkayi, (ss2 cr bitukal vyakthamaakkunnu. aavashyamenkil, eathu abhyarthanayaanu upayogikkunnathu ennu anaunsar sequenceukal upayogichu ariyikkaam.
randaamathe saahacharyathil, sii 1 kantrol coode settil ninnulla single kantrol functionukal "type phee" escape sequenceukal upayogichu abhyarthikkunnu, athaayath asc kantrol pratheekatthe pinthudarunna kolangal 04 allengil 05 ll ninnulla oru baitt (athaayath, cocks 3 muthal cocks 4 vare).
mattu niyanthrana pravartthanangal.
fs" escape sequenceukal type cheiyunnathinu adhika niyanthrana pravartthanangal nalkiyittundu (kokvi _ 5 muthal kokvi _ 6 vareyulla shreniyil); ivaykku c0 allengil c1 padavikale aashrayichirikkunnathinne sthiramaayi ardhangal nalkiyittundu. efs" sequenceukal type cheiyunnathinulla niyanthrana functionukalude rajistreshan aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii. jeey. tii. sii 1/ezz. sii 2 amgeekarichirikkanam. mattu eaka niyanthrana functionukal "3 adii" escape sequenceukal type cheiyunnathinu rajisttar cheythekkaam (cockways 7 muthal cockways 8 vareyulla shreniyil), ennirunnaalum nilavil "3 adii" seekwansukalonnum nalkiyittilla (2019 leeii kanakkanusarichu).
single kantrol functionukalkkaayi inipparayunna escape sequenceukal nalkiyittunda
kakshikal thammilulla munkoor karar prakaram "fp" (cocew _ 9 muthal cocew _ 10 vare) allengil "3fp" (cocew _ 11 muthal cocew _ 12 vare) tharam escape sequenceukal otta swakaarya upayoga niyanthrana kodukalkkaayi neekkivachirikkunnu. rund tharatthilumulla atharam niravadhi sequenceukal vidi 100 polulla deck terminalukal upayogikkunnu, athinaal avaye terminal emulettarukal pinthunaykkunnu.
shift functionukal.
sthirasthithiyaayi, jii. ell kodukal ennivaykku pratheekangalum jii. aarr kodukal (labhyamaakunnidathu) jii0 pratheekangalum vyakthamaakkunnu; ithu munkoor karar prakaram vyakthamaakkam. oro pradeshathum vilikkunna settu chuvadeyulla pattikayil kaanichirikkunnathupole shifttukal ennu vilikkunna niyanthrana kodukal upayogichu parishkkarikkam.
oru 8-bitt codil jii0 pratheekangal vyakthamaakkunna jii. aarr kodukal undayirikkaam, athaayath.iii. settukalkkidayil maarunnathin shift inn, shift outtu enniva upayogichu athinte anubandha 7-bitt coode upayogichu (udha.jii. gs x 0201), pakaram chilarkk jii 2 pratheekangal vyakthamaakkunna graa kodukal undengilum, randaamathe settu axus cheiyunnathinu single-shift coode upayogikkunna anubandha 7-bitt coode (udha.jii. tii. 51).
chuvadeyulla pattikayil kaanichirikkunna kodukal iso/aiisi 6429-nuu anusrithamaaya eee niyanthrana kodukalude ettavum saadhaaranamaaya encodingukalaanu. encodingukalaanu, els2, els0aaarr, els1aarr, els2aaarr shifttukal single kantrol functionukalaayi rajisttar cheyyukayum ellaayppozhum chuvade listtucheythirikkunna escape seekwansukalaayi encode cheyyukayum cheiyunnu, mattullava oru yathaakramam allengil sii0 kantrol coode settinte bhagamaanu (chuvade kaanichirikkunnathupole, sii sii, athinaal athinaal yathaakramam kantrolukalum (i.iii, (i.iii enniva sii0 kantrolukalumaanu), athaayath avayude coding labhyathayum eathu niyanthrana settukal niyukthamaakkappedunnu ennathine aashrayich vyathyaasappedaam avayude pravartthanam upayogikkukayaanenkil avaa nirddishta niyanthrana settukalil undaayirikkanam. mukalil soochippichathupole, sii 1 svayam niyanthrikkunnu, escape sequenceukalo 8-bitt baittukalo upayogichu prathinidheekarikkam, pakshe randum allah.
yathaakramam kantrol kodukalaayi single shifttukalude badal encodingukal chila kantrol coode settukalil labhyamaan. udaaharanathinu, (i.iii, (i.iii enniva saadhaaranayaayi tii 51, tii 61 ennivayil yathaakramam yathaakramam ennivayil labhyamaan. eee coding nilavil iso/aiisi 2022/ikma-35 shupaarsha cheiyunnathu (i.iii, (i.iii ennivayude 7-bitt single-baitt praathinidhyam aavasyamulla aaplikkeshanukalkkaanu, koodaathe koodaathe maathrame ithu upayogikkaavoo, ennirunnaalum ennirunnaalum (i.iii ulla pazhaya coode settukalum nilavilundu, staanderdinte muun pathippil ithu paraamarshichirunnu. thaazhe kaanichirikkunnathupole iso/aiisi 4873 levelukal 2,3 ennivaykku single shifttukalude 0x8e, 0x8f coding nirbandhamaanu.
shift kodukalaayi audyogikamaayi kanakkaakkukayum athinanusarichu namakaranam cheyyukayum cheythittundenkilum, single-shift kodukal ellaayppozhum shifttukalaayi kaanapedunnilla, avaa prefix baittukalayi (i.iii. oru multy-baitt shreniyile aadyathe bitukal), kaaranam locking shift kodukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, nilavil sajeevamaaya settu avasthayaayi nilanirthaan encoder aavasyamilla. 8-bitt parithasthithikalil, jii. ell allengil jii. aarr, pakshe randum allah, single-shift eriyayaayi upayogikkaam. coode pathippinte nirvachanathil ithu vyakthamaakkanam. udaaharanathinu, aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii 4873 jii. ell. vyakthamaakkunnu, athesamayam paaykk cheytha yook jii. aarr. vyakthamaakkunnu. 7-bitt parithasthithikalil, jii. ell. maathramaan single shift eriyayaayi upayogikkunnathu. aavashyamenkil, eathu single shift eriyayaanu upayogikkunnathu ennu anaunsar sequenceukal upayogichu ariyikkaam.
locking shift seero" (ls0), "locking shift vann" (ls1) ennee perukal "shift inn" (si), "shift outtu" (angane) ennee perukalude athe jody c0 niyanthrana pratheekangale (0x0f, 0x0e) soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, 8-bitt parithasthithikalil upayogikkumbol avaye avaye, els0 ennum 7-bitt parithasthithikalil upayogikkumbol sii ennum staanderd paraamarsikkunnu.
aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii 2022/iii. sii. emm. eiii-35 staanderd permittukal, ennaal niruthsaahappeduthunnu, oresamayam jii. ell, jii. aarr ennivayil jii0, mukalilum allengil jii2 enniva abhyarthikkunnu.
graaphikkal, kantrol coode settukalude rajistreshan.
escape seekwansukalodoppam upayogikkaavunna coode cheytha prateeka settukalude iso internaashanal rajisttar" (iso-ir) iso/aiisi 2022-ll upayogikkunnathinaayi rajisttar cheythittulla graaphikkal prateeka settukal, kantrol coode settukal, single kantrol kodukal thudangiyava pattikappedutthunnu. iso-ir rajistriyumaayi kodukalum settukalum rajisttar cheiyunnathinulla nadapadikramam iso/aiisi 2375 vyakthamaakkunnu. oro rajistreshanilum oru advitheeya escape sequence athu thirichariyaan oru advitheeya registry entry number labhikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, lalithamaaya chainees bhashaykkulla sisitt aksharathe aiso-irr-165 ennu vilikkunnu.
aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii 2022 svakaaryamallaatha upayogathil ninnulla rakshappedal kramavumaayi bandhapetta prateeka ganam allengil niyanthrana pravartthanam vyakthamaakkunna rekhakal aii. ezz. oo-aii. aarr rajistriyile coode cheytha prateeka ganangalude rajistreshan thirichariyunnu. ithu oru staanderd documentaayirikkaam; ennirunnaalum, rajistreshan oru puthiya iso staanderd srishtikkunnilla, iso allengil aiisi athine oru anthaaraashtra staanderdaayi sweekarikkaan prathijnjaabadhamalla, koodaathe iso allengil aiisi athinte pratheekangalonnum saarvathrika coode cheytha prateeka settilekku cherkkaan prathijnjaabadhamalla.
sgmlile (iso 8879) prateeka settukal thirichariyaan oru aupachaarika pothu identifieril ulchertha iso-ir rajisterdu escape sequenceukalum upayogikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, iso 646-1983-nte anthaaraashtra reference pathipp thirichariyaan string upayogikkaam, koodaathe unicode thirichariyaan echu. tii. emm. ell. 4.01 specification upayogikkunnu. efpiaiyude moonnaamathe gadakathil ulppeduthiyittulla escape seekvansinte vaachaka praathinidhyam pinthunaykkunna prateeka settukalkkaayulla sgml nadappaakkalukal vazhi thirichariyum.
kathaapaathrangalude settu sthaanapperukal.
akshara settukale nirddeshikkunnathinulla escape sequenceukal cacos _ 13 roopathil edukkunnu. mukalil soochippichathupole, intermediat () bitukal 0x 20-0 x2f shreniyil ninnullathaanu, avasana () baitt 0x 30-0 x7e shreniyil ninnullathaanu. aadyathe baitt (allengil, oru multy-baitt settinaayi, aadya rund) pratheekangalude tharavum athu nirddeshikkenda pravartthana settum thirichariyunnu, athesamayam baittum (koodaathe eathenkilum adhika baittukalum) pratheekangalude settu svayam thirichariyunnu, aiso-irr rajisttaril (allengil, swakaarya-upayoga escape seekwansukalkkaayi, munkoor karar prakaram).
baitt shreni vipuleekarikkunnathin baittin munbu adhika bitukal cherkkaam. nilavil 94-pratheekangalulla settukalil maathrame ithu upayogikkunnulloo, avide kokvi _ 14 enna foominte kodukal nalkiyittundu. maruvashathu, multibite 96-settukalonnum rajisttar cheythitilla, athinaal chuvadeyulla sequenceukal karsanamaayi saidhaanthikamaanu.
mattu escape sequence tharangaleppole, 0x 30-0 x3f shreni swakaarya-upayoga baittukalkkayi neekkivachirikkunnu, eee saahacharyathil swakaarya-upayoga prateeka settu nirvachanangalkkayi (ithil arib estidi-bii 24 allengil maarkk-8 polulla protocolukal nirvachichirikkunna rajisttar cheyyaatha settukal allengil deck special graphics polulla ventor-nirddishta settukal ulppettekkaam). ennirunnaalum, oru graaphikkal settu designation sequencil, randaamathe baitt (single-baitt settinu) allengil moonnaamathe baitt (eratta-baitt settinu) 0x20 (space) aanenkil, soochippikkunna settu munkoor karar nirvachichirikkunna "chalanathmakamaayi punarnirvachikkaavunna prateeka settu" (dii. aarr. sii) aanu, ithu swakaarya upayogamaayum kanakkaakkappedunnu. oru graaphikkal settu oru dii. aarr. sii aayi kanakkaakkunnath athu amoorthamaaya pratheekangalude oru koottathekkaal krithyamaaya glifukalude oru fondine prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu soochippikkunnu. dii. aarr. sii. settukalum anubandha fondukalum kaimarunnathum anuvadikkunnathum kaikaaryam cheiyunnathum iso/aiisi 2022/iii. sii. emm. eiii-35 thanne nirnnayikkunnilla, ennirunnaalum baitt 0x40 (qoq. 15) ll ninnu aarambikkunna avaa thudarchayaayi anuvadikkaan ithu shupaarsha cheiyunnu; ennirunnaalum, waled sisttam teletext polulla chila telecommunication protocolukalkullil dii. aarr. sii. fondukal kaimarunnathinulla oru reethi nirvachikkappedunnu.
multy-baitt kodukalkkaayi moonnu prathyeka kesukalum undu. kookk 16, kookk 17, kookk 18 ennee coode sequenceukalellaam staanderdinte samakaalika pathipp multy-baitt settukal ennivaykku-ll maathram anuvadikkumbol rajisttar cheythathaayirunnu, athinaal ennivaykku prateeka settilekku nirddeshikkunnathinu kookk 19 muthal kookk 20 vareyulla sequenceukalkku pakaram ithu sweekarikkanam.
kantrol caractor settukal maattunnathin adhika (apoorvvamaayi maathrame upayogikkunnulloo) savisheshathakalundu, ennaal ithu oru single level lukkappaan, athil (mukalil soochippichathupole) c0 settu ellaayppozhum cl-nuu mukalilaanu vilikkunnathu, koodaathe c1 settu ellaayppozhum cr-nuu mukaliloo escape kodukal upayogicho vilikkunnu. mukalil soochippichathupole, eathu c0 prateeka settilum 0x1b sthaanathu asc pratheekangal ulppeduthendathundu, angane kooduthal mattangal saadhyamaakum. aansi escape kodukal prosess cheiyunnathu uchithamaaya sandarbhangalil, kantrol settu designation sequenceukal (graaphikkal settukalkku vipareethamaayi) aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii 10646 (yuu. sii./unicode) ll ninnu upayogikkaam, kramatthile oro baittum encodinginte coode yoonit valuppathilekku paadu cheythittundenkil.
escape sequence baittukalude oru patikayum avar cheiyunna padanaamamo mattu pravartthanamo chuvadeyundu.
baittukalude registry vividha tharangalkk swathanthramaanennu shradhikkuka. cocks _ 21 muthal cocks _ 22 vare nirddeshichittulla 94-prateeka graphik settu cocks _ 23 muthal cocks _ 24 vare nirddeshichittulla 96-prateeka settumaayi oru tharatthilum bandhappettirikkunnil. avaa randum cocks _ 25 muthal cocks _ 26 vare nirddeshichittulla 94n-prateeka settumaayi bandhappettirikkunnil; avasana bitukal sandarbhathil vyaakhyaanikkanam. (theerchayaayum, intermediat baittukalonnumillathe, c1 niyanthrana coode 0x81 vyakthamaakkunnathinulla oru maargamaan cockways _ 27.)
c0, c1 niyanthrana prateeka settukal swathanthramaanennum shradhikkuka; cocue _ 28 (ithu pathra vaachaka prakshepanathinaayulla naatts niyanthrana settaanu) nischayichittulla c0 niyanthrana pratheekangal cocue _ 29 (videotexinulla ccitt attribute niyanthrana settu) nischayichittulla c1 niyanthrana pratheekatthinu thulyamalla.
mattu coding samvidaanangalumaayulla edapedal.
swantham ghadana pinthudarunnilla ennu coding samvidaanangal vyakthamakkaanulla oru maarggavum staanderd nirvachikkunnu.
iso/aiisi 2022 lake madangunnathinum oru kramam nirvachikkappettittundu; iso/aiisi 2022 ll encode cheythirikkunnathupole eee kramatthe pinthunaykkunna rajistreshanukalil (2019 leeii kanakkanusarichu) vividha videotex formaattukalaaya utf-8, utf-1 enniva ulppedunnu. ulppedunnu (kokwo _ 30) nte randaamathe baitt iso 2022 lake madangaan aaa baitt kramam upayogikkaatha kodukalude padanaama shreniyil ulppeduthiyittundu; iso 2022 lake madangaan avarkk avarudethaaya maargangal undayirikkaam (vyathyasthamo padd cheythatho aaya kramam polullava) allengil onnumilla. nilavilulla ellah rajistreshanum (2019 leeii kanakkanusarichu) sutharyamaaya asamskritha daatta, unicode/yusi formaattukal allengil athinte upavibhagangalaanu.
iso/aiisi 2022 ghadana pinthudarunnilla ennu iso/aiisi 10646 (unicode) formaattukalilekku maarunna seekwansukalaanu prathyeka thaalpparyamullath. ithil utf-8 (niyanthrana pratheekangalkkayi 0x 80-0 80-0 shreni reserve cheyyaatha), athinte mungamiyaaya utf-1 (multy-baitt kodukalil grum gl baittukalum kalarthunna), utf-16, utf-32 (vishalamaaya coding unitukal upayogikkunna) enniva ulppedunnu.
utf-8, utf-16, utf-32 ennivayude upavibhagangalkkum (levelukal 1,2) ucs-2 nte moonnu levelukalkkum niravadhi kodukal rajisttar cheythittundu. ennirunnaalum, nilavil iso/aiisi 10646 vyakthamakkiya oreyoru kodukal utf-8, utf-16, utf-32 ennivayude level-3 kodukalum utf-8 nte vyakthamaakkaatha level code maathramaan, bakkiyullava kaalaharanappettathayi pattikappedutthiyirikku. utf-16, utf-32 ennivayude bigg-endian formaattukal avayude escape seekvansukalkkanusrithamaayi nirnnayikkunnuvennu iso/aiisi 10646 vyavastha cheiyunnu.
utf-8 lake maarunna sequenceukalil, udaaharanathinu, eksterm pinthunaykkunna onnaanu cockways _ 31.
utf-16, utf-32 ennivayil ninnulla staanderd ritten seekvansinte oru vakabhedam upayogikkaan anuvaadamundengilum, escape seekvansinte bitukal encodinginte coode yoonittinte valuppathilekku paadu cheyyanam (athaayath.iii. yuu. tii. eph-16-nuu cockways _ 32), i.iii. staanderd ritten seekvansinte coding iso/aiisi 2022-maayi krithyamaayi poruthappedunnilla. ekkaaranathaal, utf-16, utf-32 ennivaykkulla padanaamangal staanderd-ritten vaakyaghadana upayogikkilla.
labelukal upayogichu encodingukal vyakthamaakkunnathin, x kansorshyathinte samyuktha vaachaka formet anchu swakaarya-upayoga doxes seekwansukale nirvachikkunnu.
coode ghadana prakhyapanangal.
oru prathyeka coode ghadanaye allengil oru prathyeka coode pathippil upayogikkunna iso 2022 soukaryangalude oru prathyeka groupine "prakhyapikkaan" "coode ghadana prakhyapikkuka" (cockves _ 33) enna kramam upayogikkunnu. prakhyapanangal samyojippikkaan kazhiyumenkilum, chila vairudhyamulla kombineshanukal (prathyekichu, 1,3,4 prakhyapanangalkkoppam locking shift prakhyapanangal <aii. dii. 1> upayogikkunnathu) staanderd nirodhichirikkunnu, athupole thanne iso/aiisi 4873 level prakhyaapanangalkk mukalil adhika prakhyapanangal upayogikkunnu (ithu anuvadaneeyamaaya gadanaaparamaaya savisheshathakal poornnamaayum vyakthamaakkunnu). prakhyapana sequenceukal iprakaaramaanu
iso/aiisi 2022 coode pathippukal.
aarr 7-bitt iso 2022 coode pathippukal (iso-2022-cn, iso-2022-cn-ekst, iso-2022-jepi, iso-2022-jepi-1, iso-2022-jepi-2, iso-2022-kr) aii. iii. tii. eph. aarr. eph. sii. kall nirvachichirikkunnu, avayil iso-2022-jepi, iso-2022-kr enniva munkaalangalil vyaapakamaayi upayogichirunnu. ibm ulppede mattu niravadhi vakabhedangal wendermar nirvachikkunnu. echu. tii. emm. ell. 5-ll yuu. tii. eph-8 aanu mungananayulla encoding aanenkilum, cross-saitt scripting polulla coode injection aakramanangalekkurichulla aashankakal kaaranam, iso-2022-kr, iso-2022-cn, iso-2022-cn-ext enniva poornnamaayum maattisthaapikkunna pratheekatthinu vipareethamaayi, iso-2022-jpyile legazy ulladakkam vendathra vyaapakamaayi thudarunnu, vaadu dablyuji encoding staanderd athinu pinthuna nilanirthunnu.
8-bitt coode pathippukalil extended unix coode ulppedunnu. iso/aiisi 8859 encodingukalum iso/aiisi 4873 ll nischayichittulla oru upavibhaagathil iso 2022 pinthudarunnu.
japanese iii-meyil pathippukal.
iso-2022-jepi.
 japanese bhashayil, prathyekichu iii-meyilil vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna encodinganith. ithu juunett netvarkkil upayogikkunnathinaayi avatharippikkukayum pinneedu 1993 leeii aii. iii. tii. eph. aarr. eph. sii 1468 ll krodeekarikkukayum cheythu. 8-bitt clean transmission aavasyamillaathathinaal japanese bhaashayilulla mattu encodingukale apekshichu ithinu oru gunamundu. microsopht ithine coode peju 50220 ennu vilikkunnu. ithu aassiyil aarambikkukayum inipparayunna escape sequenceukal ulppeduthukayum cheiyunnu
jiss x 0208-1990 ll cherttha rund pratheekangalude upayogam anuvadaneeyamaanu, ennaal irr sequence ulppeduthaathe, i.iii. jiss x 0208-1983 enna athe escape sequence upayogichu. koodaathe, ennivaykku ozhikeyulla multy-baitt settukal nirddeshikkunnathinu munbu rajisttar cheythathinaal, jiss x 0208-nulla escapil randaamathe-baitt ulppedunnilla.
nilavilulla chila samvidaanangal kookk 34 neey kookk 35 ll ninnu verthirichariyukayo kookk 16 neey kookk 18 ll ninnu verthirichariyukayo cheythittillenn rfc abhipraayappedunnu, ennaal iii-meyilukal polulla sandeshangal rile cheiyunna sisttangal vazhi escape sequenceukal maattaruthenn vyavastha cheiyunnu. echu. tii. emm. ell. 5 paraamarsikkunna vaadu dablyu. jii encoding staanderd cacos _ 34, cacos _ 35 enniva vyakthamaayi kaikaaryam cheiyunnu, ennaal cacos _ 16 decode cheyyumbol cacos _ 18 nuu thulyamaayi kanakkakkunnu, koodaathe encode cheyyumbol jiss x 0208 nuu cacos _ 18 maathrame upayogikkunnulloo. chila muun samvidaanangal jiss x 0208 ll ninnu maari kookk 47 enna sequence thettayi upayogichathaayum rfc rekhappeduthunnu, ithu yadhaarthathil aiso-ir-11 (iso 646-nte sweedish vakabhedam, waled sisttam teletext) ennathinaayaanu rajisttar cheythirikkunnathu.
pakuthi veethiyulla kadakana pathippukal.
jiss x 0201-1976 kaana settilekku (oro pratheekatthinum 1 baitt) marran kokwish _ 48 upayogikkunnathu aii. ezz. oo-2022-jeey. pii. profilinte bhagamalla, marichu chilappol upayogikkunnu. paitthan athine iso-2022-jepi-ekst ennu label cheiyunna oru veriyantil anuvadikkunnu (thaazhe vivarichirikkunnathu jiss x 0212 ulkkollunnu, yook-jpyude kavarej poortthiyaakkunnu); ithu perilum ghadanayilum iso-2022-jepekst bye deck ennu soochippikkunna oru encodinginu aduthaanu, ithu suuppar deck kaanchiyude kavarej poortthiyaakkaan conc _ 49 upayogichu axus cheytha rund-baitt upayokthru nirvachikkapetta mekhalayum cherkkunnu. whats dablyu jii/echu tii emm ell 5 veriyant iso-2022-jeey pii inputtil jiss x 0201 kadakana decode cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu, ennaal encodinginu sesham pratheekangale avayude jiss x 0208 thulyamaayavayilekku parivartthanam cheiyunnu. jiss x 0201 kaanayodukoodiya iso-2022-jepic vendi microsophttinte coode peju 50221 aanu.
jiss 7, jiss 8 ennariyappedunna mattu pazhaya vakabhedangal jiss x 0201 nirvachicha 7-bitt, 8-bitt encodingukalil nerittu nirmmikkukayum jii 1 ll ninnu jiss x 0201 kaana escape seekwansukalillaathe upayogikkaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu, yathaakramam shift outtu, shift inn allengil ettaam bitt (graa-invoced) krameekarikkuka. avaa vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunnilla; extended 8-bitt jiss x 0201-leeii jiss x 0208 pinthuna saadhaaranayaayi shift jiss vazhiyaan nedunnathu. shift outtu aandu shift inn vazhi single-baitt kadakana ulla jiss x 0201 adisthaanamaakkiyulla iso 2022-nulla microsophttinte coode peju coode peju 50222 aanu.
iso-2022-jepi-2.
 iso-2022-jpyude bahubhasha vipuleekaranamaanu iso-2022-jpyude rfc 1554 (theeyathi 1993), ithu iso-2022-jepic purame inipparayunna escape sequenceukal anuvadikkunnu. aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii 8859 bhagangal 96-prateeka settukalaanu, avaa ennivaykku ennu nirnnayikkaan kazhiyilla, single shift coode ss 2-nte 7-bitt escape sequence phoom upayogichu jii 2-ll ninnu axus cheiyunnu
jisinte x 0212-nte iso-2022-jepi-2 praathinidyamulla iso-2022-jp pinneedu 1997 leeii rfc 2237 iso-2022-jepi-1 ennu vilichu.
aii. bii. emm japanese tcp.
ibm japanese bhashayil onpathu 7-bitt iso 2022 adisthaanamaakkiyulla encodingukal nadappilaakkunnu, oronnum vyathyastha escape sequenceukal upayogikkunnu ibm-956, ibm-957, ibm-958, ibm-959, ibm-5052, ibm-5053, ibm-5054, ibm-5055, aii. ezz. oo-2022-jepi, ivaye mothatthil "tcp/aipi japanese coded caractor settukal" ennu vilikkunnu. cccd 9148 aanu staanderd (rfc 1468) aiso-2022-jepi.
jiss x 0213.
2000-ll aadyamaayi prasidheekaricha jiss x 0213 staanderd, aiso-2022-jepi-2 ekstanshanukalillaathe, aiso-2022-jepi-3 ennu perittirikkunna iso-2022-jepi-2-nte update cheytha pathippine nirvachikkunnu. bays jiss x 0208 staanderdumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol jiss x 0213 chertthathu extended jiss playin 1-naayi puthiya rajistreshan nadatthaan kaaranamaayi, athesamayam puthiya playin 2-nuu athintethaaya rajistreshan labhichu. staanderdinte 2004-leeii pathippil playin 1-lake kooduthal kootticherkkalukal iso-2022-jepi-2004 ennu vilikkunna profilinte kooduthal punaravalokanatthilekku adhika rajistreshan cherkkaan kaaranamaayi. adisthaana iso-2022-jepi padanaama kodukalkku purame, inipparayunna padavikal amgeekarikkappedunnu
mattu 7-bitt pathippukal.
 pathippukal rfc 1557ll ithu nirvachichirikkunnu. ithu assiye corian double-baitt ks x 1001-1992, munbu ks sii 5601-1987 ennu perittirunnavayeyum encode cheiyunnu. iso-2022-jepi-2 ll ninnu vyathyasthamayi, ithu shift outtu upayogikkukayum aksharangal maattukayum cheiyunnu, oru variyude thudakkathil cacks 59 orikkal ulppeduthi ks x 1001 muthal jii 1 vare nirddeshikkunnu.
 nirddeshikkunnu rfc 1922ll iso-2022-cn-extine nirvachichittundu. avaa 7-bitt encodingukalaanu, avaa shift outtu, shift inn functionukal kazhiyum, jii0 ennivaykkidayil maarunnathin), single-shift functionukalaaya (i.iii, (i.iii ennivayude 7-bitt escape coode foomukal foomukal, jii2 enniva axus cheiyunnathinu) enniva upayogikkunnu. avaa jibi 2312 (lalithamaaya chainees bhashayil), cns 11643 (parambaraagatha chainees bhashayil) ennee prateeka settukale pinthunaykkunnu.
adisthaana iso-2022-cn profile acci athinte ennivaykku (shift inn) settaayi upayogikkunnu, koodaathe jibi 2312 umm cns 11643-nte aadya rund playinukalum ulppedunnu (eee rund playinukalum saadhaarana bigg 5-ll ninnulla ellah parambaraagatha chainees pratheekangaleyum prathinideekarikkaan paryapthamaayathinaal, rfc oru anubandhathil oru kathidapaadukal nalkunnu):
iso-2022-cn-ext profile inipparayunna adhika settukalum playinukalum anuvadikkunnu.
aii. ezz. oo-2022-cn-ext profile adhika gubio staanderd graaphikkal settukal anuvadaneeyamaayi pattikappedutthunnu, ennaal avaa rajisttar cheytha aii. ezz. oo 2022 escape sequenceukal nalkunnathinu vyavasthayunda
cockways 69 (single-baitt caractor settukalkku) allengil cockways 70 (multy-baitt caractor settukalkku) nuu sheshamulla caractor, eathu tharatthilulla caractor settum working settum ennu vyakthamaakkunnu. melpparanja udaaharanangalil, coco _ 71 (0x28) enna aksharam g0 akshara ganathilekku 94-aksharangalude oru ganathe nirddeshikkunnu, athesamayam coco _ 72, coco _ 73 allengil coco _ 74 (0x 29-0 x2b) g1-g3 aksharaganangale nirddeshikkunnu.
aii. ezz. oo-2022-keey. aarr, aii. ezz. oo-2022-cn enniva aii. ezz. oo-2022-jeey. pii. yekkaal kuravaanu, suraksha aashankakal kaaranam chilappol manappoorvvam pinthunaykkilla. prathyekichum, klayantum server thammilulla encoding pinthunayile vyathyasam upayogikkunna chila cross-saitt scripting anubandha aakramanangalum thadayunnathinaayi, ellah inputtukalum replacement pratheekatthilekku () mapp cheiyunna "replacement" decoderilekk (athupole thanne echu. jii. jii. bii-2312) echu. tii. emm. ell. 5 maappukal is. oo-2022-keey. aarr, is. oo-2022-cn, is. oo-2022-cn-ext enniva upayogikkunna vaadu. dablyu. jii encoding staanderd. athe suraksha aashanka (aassiai baittukalude sequenceukal vyathyasthamayi vyaakhyaanikkaan anuvadikkunnu) aii. ezz. oo-2022-jeey. pii, yuu. tii. eph-16 ennivaykkum baadhakamaanengilum, vinyasicha ulladakkathil kooduthal pathivayi upayogikkunnathinaal avaykku eee chikitsa nalkaan kazhinjilla.
iso/aiisi 4873.
8-bitt single-baitt encodingukalil prayogikkunna iso 2022-nte oru upavibhaagathe iso/aiisi 4873 nirvachichirikkunnu, ithu ikma internaashanal ikma-43 ennum prasidheekarichu. iso/aiisi 8859 iso/aiisi 4873 (allengil ikma-43) level 1-nulla 8-bitt kodukale nirvachikkunnu.
iso/aiisi 4873/ikma-43 encodinginte moonnu thalangal nirvachikkunnu
iso/aiisi 646 invariyant sthaanangal samrakshikkukayum mattu sthaanangal spacing (samyojippikkathe) pratheekangalkk nalkukayum, 0x23 onnukil £ allengil #nuu nalkukayum, 0x24 $allengil Â nuu nalkukayum cheythuvenkil, jii 0 settil anuvadichittulla staanderd noonn-aci asainmentukalude muun pathippukal anuvadichu. udaaharanathinu, jiss x 0201-nte 8-bitt encoding muun pathippukalkk anusrithamaanu. pinneedu ithu iso/aiisi 646:1991 irv/iso-ir nambar poornnamaayum vyakthamakkaan maatti. 6 settu (eiii. ezz. sii. aii. aii).
sii0 allengil jii0 settu illaathe iso/aiisi 4873 level 1 ll iso/aiisi 646 irv (1991 muthal aassiyumaayi samanvayippichirikkunnu) upayogikkunnathu, athaayath.iii. shift kodukal upayogikkathathum uyarnna bitt ellaayppozhum poojyamaayathumaaya 8-bitt parithasthithiyil irv upayogikkunnathu aii. ezz. oo 4873 divi ennariyappedunnu, athil divi "sthira pathipp" ennaanu soochippikkunnathu.
vyathyastha settukalil duplicate pratheekangal labhyamaya sandarbhangalil, iso/aiisi 4873/ikma-43-nte nilavile pathipp eee pratheekangal avaa drishyamaakunna ettavum kuranja nambar working settil maathrame upayogikkaan anuvadikkoo. udaaharanathinu, jii0 settilum jii2 settilum oru pratheekamundengil, athu jii0 settil ninnu upayogikkanam. ennirunnaalum, mattu settukalil ninnulla upayogam muun pathippukalil anuvadaneeyamaanennu shradhikkappedunnu.
iso/aiisi 8859, iso/aiisi 4873 leeii level 1-ll poornna encodingukal nirvachikkunnu, koodaathe onniladhikam iso/aiisi 8859 bhagangal orumichu upayogikkaan anuvadikkunnilla. iso/aiisi 4873 leeii levelukal 2,3 ennivaykku pakaram iso/aiisi 10367 upayogikkanamennu ithu vyavastha cheiyunnu. iso/aiisi 8859 (i.iii. 1991 muthal, athu prasidheekarichappol), koodaathe chila anubandha settukalum.
kooduthal protocol aavashyamaanenkil maathrame vivara kaimatta samayat pathippukal thirichariyunnathino avaykkidayil maarunnathino prateeka settu padanaama escape sequenceukal upayogikkukayulloo, eee saahacharyathil staanderdinu iso/aiisi 4873 level vyakthamaakkunna oru iso/aiisi 2022 anaunsar sequence aavasyamaanu, thudarnnu yathaakramam yathaakramam, sii0, ennivaykku, jii0, mukalilum, jii2 ennivaykkulla akshara settu padavikal vyakthamaakkunna oru samboornna escape settu aavasyamaanu (ennaal level 1-nulla mukalilum, jii2 padanaamangal ozhivaakkunnu), shoonyamaaya settine soochippikkunna soochippikkunna. oro aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii 4873 levelinum athintethaaya otta aii. ezz. oo/aii. iii. sii 2022 anaunsar sequence undu, avaa inipparayunnavayaanu
vipuleekaricha unix coode.
pradhaanamaayum japanese, corian, lalithamaaya chainees bhashakalkkaayi upayogikkunna 8-bitt variable-width prateeka encoding samvidaanamaanu extended unix coode (iyusi). ithu aii. ezz. oo 2022 adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, aii. ezz. oo 2022 gadanayumaayi poruthappedunna caractor settukalkku maathrame yook roopangal undaakoo. naalu coode cheytha prateeka settukal vare prathinideekarikkaan kazhiyum kazhiyum, jii0, mukalilum, jii2 ennivayil). ennivaykku settu jii. ell.-nuu mukalilum jii0 settu jii. aarr.-nuu mukalilum, mukalilum, jii2 settukal (undengil) sinkle shifttukalaaya (i.iii, (i.iii enniva upayogichu vilikkunnu, avaa sii. aarr. baittukalayi (i.iii. yathaakramam 0x8e, 0x8f) koodaathe gr-nuu mukaliloode vilikkuka (gl-ll allah). locking shift kodukal upayogikkunnilla.
g0 settinu nalkiyittulla coode asiai allengil raajyathe deseeya iso 646 prateeka settaaya ks-roman (ks x 1003) allengil jiss-roman (jiss x 0201 nte thaazhathe pakuthi) aanu. athinaal, yook-jpyude chila pathippukalil yenn chinnatheyum yook-keaarinte chila pathippukalil vijayicha chinnatheyum prathinideekarikkaan prathinideekarikkaan (us-asiyiyile baxlash) upayogikkunnu.
rund baittukalil prathinidheekarikkunna 94x94 coode cheytha prateeka settinaayi jii 1 upayogikkunnu. yook-cn roopavum yook-kr atharam rund-baitt yook kodukalude udaaharanangalaan. moonnu bitukal vare prathinidheekarikkunna pratheekangal (i.iii. (i.iii plus rund bitukal) ennaal yook-twille orotta pratheekatthinu naalu bitukal vare edukkaam (i.iii. (i.iii plus moonnu bitukal).
aii. ezz. oo 2022 ll ninnulla anaunsaro padanaama sequenceukalo yuu. yuu. sii coode thanne upayogikkunnilla; ennirunnaalum, ithu inipparayunna naalu anaunsar seekwansukalude sreniyumaayi poruthappedunnu, ardhangal inipparayunna reethiyil vibhajikkunnu.
samyuktha vaachakam (x11).
1989ll ex kansorshyam komboundu tekst enna perilulla oru iso 2022 profile oru interchange formaattaayi nirvachichu. ithu naalu niyanthrana kodukal maathrame upayogikkunnulloo (), enl (neuline, coode cheythirikkunnathu,), (), (athinte 8-bitt praathinidhyatthil), sds () csi sequence dvidishayilulla tekst niyanthranathinaayi upayogikkunnu. ithu jii. ell, jii. aarr ennivaykku ennivaykku, jii0 enniva upayogikkunna 8-bitt kodaanu, koodaathe athinte prarambha avasthayil aii. ezz. oo-<aii. dii. 1> pinthudarunnu. thaazhepparayunna eph-bitukal upayogikkunnu
labelukal upayogichu encodingukal vyakthamaakkunnathin, x11 samyuktha vaachakam anchu swakaarya-upayoga doxes seekwansukale nirvachikkunnu () variable-dairkhya encodingukalkkum, yathaakramam onnu muthal naalu bitukal vare upayogichu nischitha-dairkhya encodingukalkkum. iso 2022 lake madangaan mattoru escape sequence upayogikkunathinupakaram, prarambha escape seekwansine pinthudarunna rund bitukal backie dairkhyam baittukalil vyakthamaakkunnu, bitukal upayogichu bays-128 ll coode cheythirikkunnu. encode cheytha vaachakathin munbu encoding label aii. ezz. oo <aii. dii. 1> ll ulppeduthukayum () ennathil avasanippikkukayum cheiyunnu.

