
italiyile prabhukkanmaar

itaaliyan upadveepile vyakthikalum avarude kudumbangalum athumaayi bandhapetta dveepukalum, madhyakaalakhattam muthal itaaliyan nagara-samsthaanangalude paramaadhikaarikalum, eee pradeshathe itali rajyamaayi ekeekarichathinu sesham italiyile rajaakkanmaarum amgeekarichathum ulppedunnathaanu italiyile prabhukkanmaar (itaaliyan "noobiltaa itaaliyan").
prabhukkanmaarkk oru prathyeka niyamaparamaaya padavi undaayirunnu, mattu vibhaagangalkk, pradhaanamaayum raashtreeyakkaarkk nishedhikkappettirunna sambathinteyum vividha aanukoolyangaludeyum bhooribhaagavum avarkkundaayirunnu. muun itaaliyan ekeekaranathinu munbulla mikka samsthaanangalilum, unnatha thalatthilulla sarkkar sthaanangalilekku praveshanam undaayirunna oreyoru varggam ithaayirunnu. nagara-samsthaanangalilum catholica sabhayilum valarekkalam avar praayogikamaayi ettavum vishishtamaaya sthaanangal kuthakayaakki. kaalakramena vividha pradeshangalilum prabhukkanmaarude niravadhi vyathyastha samvidaanangal undaayirunnu.
madhyakaalakhattam muthal 1861 march vare, "itali" oru rajyamaayirunnilla, marichu niravadhi rajavamshangalulla niravadhi prathyeka raajyangalum mattu samsthaanangalumaayirunnu. iva palappozhum parasparam vivaahathiloodeyum mattu europian raajakudumbangalumaayum bandhappettirunnu. keezhadakkiya erithriyayilum kizhakkan aafrikkayilum itaaliyan saamrajyam roopeekarichathode itaaliyan prabhukkanmaar aafrikkayilekku vyaapichu.
1946ll itaaliyan republicinte roopeekaranathode itaaliyan prabhukkanmaarude amgeekaaram avasaanichu. niravadhi padavikal ippozhum nilanilkkunnundenkil, avaa saamoohika maryaadayude kaaryamaayi upayogikkunnu, koodaathe laattaran udambadiyude article 42 prakaram ippozhum aupachaarikamaayi amgeekarikkappettirikkunnu marpappa nalkia parimithamaaya ennam shreshta padavikal ozhike niyamaprakaaram amgeekarikkappedunnilla.
charithram.
ekeekaranathinu munpu.
itaaliyan ekeekaranathinu munbu italiyil kuleena vibhaagathile amgangalude ennam thaarathamyena kooduthalaayirunnu.
16, 17, 18 noottaandukalil, itali (navothaanathinushesham) judicial niyamanam, vividha praadeshika senattukalilekkulla thiranjeduppu allengil catholica sabhayile niyamanathiloode praadhaanyathilekku uyarnna niravadhi kuleena kudumbangalude aasthaanamaayirunnu.
pathittaandukalo noottaandukalo itaaliyan prabhukkanmaarude bhagamaayirunna kudumbangalum undaayirunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandil leopold voonn rank ezhuthi
maarppaappayude prabhukkanmaar.
eee kaalayalavil, italiyiludaneelam swaadheenamulla vividha kudumbangal oru kudumbaamgatthe maarppaappayaayi thiranjedutthathiloode adhikaarasthaanangalilekku varikayo sabhaa sthaanakkayattathiloode prabhukkanmaarude raankukalilekku uyarthappedukayo cheythu. eee kudumbangal prabhukkanmarodu swathanthramaayi vivahitharaayi. mattu kuleena kudumbangaleppole, maarppaappayude adikaaravum panavum ullavarkku kammyoonukalo mattu pradeshangalo vaangaanum kudumbapithripithaavukaleyum mattu bandhukkaleyum shreshta padavikalilekku uyarthanum kazhinju. 16-aamm noottaandileyum 17-aamm noottaandileyum vividha "naatturaajyangalile" "duke", "markvis", "prins" ennivayeppolum paarambarya paathriyarkkarmaare niyamichu. rank anusaricha
poppukal saadhaaranayaayi pramukha kudumbangalile amgangale kardinal sthaanathekku uyarthi; prathyekichu paarambarya padavikal anantharaavakaashikal aakaan kazhiyaatha randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum puthranmaar. poppukal avarude swantham kudumbamgangale-prathyekichu marumakkale-kardinal-marumakkalude prathyeka sthaanathekku uyarthi. pramukha kudumbangalkk avarude aanmakkalkkayi curiel offeesukal vaangaanum makan oru bishopo kardinalo akunnathinaayi sabhayile raankukaliloode uyarumennu pratheekshichukondu pathivayi cheyyaanum kazhiyumaayirunnu, aaa sthaanathu ninnu avarkk mattu kudumbaangalkk kooduthal padavikalum adhikaarasthaanangalum nalkaan kazhiyum.
eee kaalaghattam maarppaappayude swajanapakshapaathathinu prashasthamaayirunnu, barberini, laghulekha thudangiya niravadhi kudumbangalkk oru maarppaappayude bandhu undayathil ninnu valareyadhikam prayojanam labhichu. munbu kaarshika allengil vaanijya samrambhangalil maathramaayi parimithappedutthiyirunna kudumbangal, chilappol onno rando thalamurakalkkullil, oru bandhu maarppaappayude simhaasanathilekku thiranjedukkappettappol roman prabhukkanmaraayi uyarnnu. aadhunika itali avarude vijayathinte falangalaal niranjirikkunnu-vividha kudumba "palaasikal" innu avarude chilappol adhikaarathilekkulla ulkkrishtamaaya uyarchayude thelivaanu.
genois prabhukkanmaar.
republic oof genova kaaryatthil, 1528,1548,1575 leeii bharanaghadanaa parishkaranatthiloodeyum niyamangaliloodeyum, 1797 vare neenduninna oru prabhukka republic udghaadanam cheyyappettu. 1528 leeii bharanaghadanaa parishkaranatthode, albergoil ulppettava oopshanalil ninnu nirbandhithamaayi maari, albergi sarkkar amgeekaricha nagara prabhukkanmaarude rajistreshan listukalaayi phalapradamaayi maatti. aaroo athiladhikamo veedukal kaivashamulla ettavum sambannaraaya pouranmaarkku oru prathyeka albergo undaakanamenn parishkaranatthinu aavashyamaayirunnu. aaa avasarathil, pazhaya prabhukkanmaar ennariyappedunna kuleena pouranmaarude orotta kramam sthaapikkaan theerumaanikkukayum irupathimoonnu pazhayathum ithinakam nilavilullathumaaya albergiyayi vibhajikkukayum anchu puthiyava eee avasarathinaayi srishtikkukayum cheythu. purathana shathruthayude punarujjeevanam thadayunnathinum ettavum sambannamaaya kudumbangalude sambathum adikaaravum samrakshikkunnathinumaayinu eee associationukal.
florenteenile prabhukkanmaar.
florence, pinneedu tuscan prabhukkanmaar, 1532 nuu munbu vishudha steefan kramatthil pettavarum purathana kuleena maathrraajyangalil maathram thaamasikkunnavarumaya florence, siena, pisa, pisttoya, arezzo, voltera, montepulsiano, cortona ennee rund vibhaagathilulla paatrisiyanmaaril svayam verthirichu. sansepolcro, saan miniyaatto, livorno, pessia, praatto ennee "puthiya" kuleena maathrraajyangalude thaamasthalamulla prabhukkanmaar, lalithamaaya prabhukkanmaar, poura prabhukkanmaar, senattarmaar, commandermar. mothatthil, florentan prabhukkanmaare fudal, senatteevu, munganana enningane vibhajichu.
milanese prabhukkanmaar.
milan nagaratthil, 1377 epril 20-nuu oottoon visconti ezhuthiya "metricula nobilium femilium mediolani" aayirunnu prabhukkanmaarude aadyathe audyogika pattika, ennirunnaalum, milan munisippaalittiyude mail adikaaram pidichedukkaan visconti kudumbatthe sahaayicha kuleena milanese kudumbangal maathrame pattikayil undaayirunnulloo, athinaal nagaratthinte bhaavi jeevithathile ettavum vishwasthavum purathanavumaaya prabhukkanmaraayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1395 septambar 5 muthal milan rajakumaranmar milan raajakumaaranmaarude amgeekaarathinu anusrithamaayi ethra prabhukkanmaar undaayirunno athra prabhukkanmaarkk prabhukkanmaar nalkaanulla avakasham audyogikamaayi nedi. ducal kaalaghattatthiludaneelam, aadyam wiscondy pinneedu sphorsa, nagaratthil thamasikkunna prabhukkanmaar raajasabhayile prabhukkanmaraakaan kooduthal munkaiyedutthu, dukinte nerittulla sevanathil, prathyekichu aayudha mekhalayilum yuddha aavasyangalkkaayulla sakhyangalilum. eee kaalayalavil eee kudumbangal dukinte vyakthithvathe orikkalum poornnamaayum marikadakkaathe pradeshatthinte raashtreeyathil oru adisthaana punk vahichu. milanese paatrisiyettinte bhooribhaagavum eee kaalaghattavumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, ithu thudarnnulla noottaandukalil "milanese rajakumaran" nalkia prabhukkanmaarum "videshikal" nalkia prabhukkanmaarum thammilulla vyathyaasathinte adayaalamaayirikkum.
veneeshyan prabhukkanmaar.
pouranmaarum videshikalum ulppede republic oof venees samooham vibhajikkapetta moonnu saamoohika sthaapanangalil onnaayirunnu veneeshyan paatrisiyett. "venis nagravum republic bharikkunna prabhukkanmaarude mahathaaya padaviyaayirunnu "patricio". perinte munvashath, n enna aadyaksharangalaal thalakkett churukki.echu. ("nobil homo"), sthreelinga vakabhedamaaya enn.dii. ("nobildona"). oru veneeshyan patrician enna padavi kaivasham vaykkunnathu oru valia bahumathiyaayirunnu, koodaathe niravadhi europian rajaakkanmaarum rajakumaaranmaarum videsha kuleena kudumbangalum eee abhimaanakaramaaya padavi aavasyappedukayum nedukayum cheythathayi ariyappedunnu.
kuleena bhavanangale praadhamikamaayi pazhaya (cases vechi), puthiya veedukal (cases new) enningane vibhajichirunnu, aadyathethu parambaraagathamaayi eiii. dii 697 ll aadyathe dogg thiranjedutthathil shradheyamaayirunnu. republic oof venees charithrathe swaadheenikkunnathil avayil palathum valare praadhaanyamullathum pradhaanappettathumaayi mariyathinaal puthiya veedukalkku kaaryamaaya praadhaanyamundaayirunnil. koodaathe, ducal veedukal (naaykkal nalkunnava), ettavum puthiya veedukal (cases newissime), veneeshyan ithara patricianmaar, panatthinaayi nirmmicha veedukal (saadhaaranayaayi valare sambannamaaya bhoovudama allengil vyaapaarathiloode sambannamaaya burjois kudumbangal) ennivayulppede kudumbangale mattu niravadhi "vibhagangalaayi" thirichirikkunnu.
venisinte swadeshathum videsha bhoovudamakalilum niravadhi kuleena kudumbangal undaayirunnuvenkilum, vaasthavathil venisinte nagara prabhukkanmaarude 20 muthal 30 vare kudumbangal republicine oru kuleenavarggamaayi bharichu, avar doge thiranjedukkukayum rashtreeya, sainika offeesukal vahikkukayum samsthaanathinte dainamdina bharanathil nerittu pankedukkukayum cheythu. avar pradhaanamaayum vyaapaarikalaayirunnu, avarude pradhana varumaana maarggam kizhakkumaayulla vyapaaravum mattu samrambhakathva pravarthanangalumaayirunnu, athil avar avishwasaneeyamaamvidham sambannaraayi. kondaarini, cornaro, dandolo, gyoostiniyaani, lorden, mosenigo, morosini, veneer kudumbangal enniva samsthaanathinte raashtreeyathilum charithratthilum aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna chila pradhana kudumbangalil ulppedunnu.
itaaliyan raajyam (1861-1946).
itaaliyan upadveepile vividha samsthaanangale orotta samsthaanamaayi ekeekarikkaan kaaranamaaya raashtreeyavum saamoohikavumaaya prasthaanatthinu munbulla varshangalil, itaaliyan raajyam, sardinia raajyathinte nilanilpp, rund sisilikalude raajyam (1816 nuu munbu naples raajyavum sisili raajyavum), grand duchy oof tuscani, duchy oof parma, duchy oof modena, duchy oof saavoy, marpappa samsthaanangalum austriyan rajyamaaya lombardy-venesia vyathyastha paarambaryangalumaayum niyamangalumaayum samaantharamaayi.
ekeekaranam.
1861 march 17 nuu resorgimento samayat aadhunika itali oru rashtra-samsthaanamaayi maari, upadveepile mikka samsthaanangalum rund sisilikalude raajyavum saavoy raajavamshathile rajaavaaya immaanuval randaamante keezhil onnichu, ithuvare sardinia raajyathinte rajaavaayirunnu, athil peedmond ulppedunnu. itaaliyan ekeekaranathinte shilpi victor immaanuvalinte mukhyamanthriyaaya kaundu camillo benzo dii kaavar aayirunnu. roome thanne oru pathittaand koodi maarppaappayude keezhil thudarnnu, 1870 ll maathramaan itaaliyan saamraajyathinte bhaagamaayi maariyath. aaa varsham septambaril, itaaliyan sainyathe aakramich maarppaappayude samsthaanathekku praveshichu, thudarnnulla adhinivesham piyus onpathaam marpappa thante kottaratthilekku nirbandhithanaakki, avide addeham svayam prakhyaapichu, 1929 leeii laattaran udambadikal vare addehathinte pingaamikalum angane cheythu.
raajyathile prabhukkanmaar.
yunaittad kingdom oof italikku keezhil oru puthiya deseeya prabhukkanmaar, oru ekeekritha nobiliary niyamam adichelppikkaanulla sramam (poornnamaayum vijayichilla), purusha pinthudarchaavakaasham ulppede (purathana padavikal rajakeeya adikaaram vazhi sthree vamshathile oru anantharaavakaashiykk kaimaran saadhyamaayirunnuvenkilum) srishtikkappettu, koodaathe naadukadatthappetta rund sisilikalil francis randaaman nalkia padavikalekkurichu italiyile rajaavu athe peril puthiya graantukal nalki. maarppaappayod vishwasthatha pulartthiyirunna prabhukkanmaar karutha prabhukkanmaar ennariyappettu.
italiyude ekeekaranathinushesham, athile rajaakkanmaar pramukha itaaliyanmaarkkaayi prabhukkanmaarude padavikal srishtikkunnathu thudarnnu, ithavana ellah itaaliyan pradeshangalkkum saadhuthayullathaanu. udaaharanathinu, ekeekaranasamayathu addehathinte punk pariganichu general enrico sialdini "duca dii gaita" aayi srishtikkappettu. irupathaam noottaand vare eee sambradaayam thudarnnu, appol itaaliyan pradhaanamantri naamanirddeshangal nadathukayum kireedatthinte amgeekaaram labikkukayum cheythu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, musolini sarkkaarinte rakshaakarthruthvathiloode unnatha sthaanathethiya mikka itaaliyanmaarkkum avarude padavikal labhichu. general armando dias ("duca della vittoriya"), admiral pavlo thaavon dii rival ("duca dell maare"), comodore luigi rizo ("contex dii grado iii dii primuda"), costanso siano ("contex dii cortellaso aii bukkari"), dino grandy ("contex dii mordano"), siser maria dii vechi ("contex dii wall sismoon") enniva udaaharanangalil ulppedunnu. ivayil palathum mahayudhathil raajyathin nalkia sevanangalude vijaya kireedangalaayirunnu. ezhuthukaaranum eaviyettarumaaya gabriel dii 'annunsio 1924 ll "principe dii montenevoso" aayi srishtikkappettu, koodaathe bhauthikashaasthranjanum kandupiduthakkaaranum nobal sammana jethaavumaaya guglielmo marcony 1924 ll "marchez marconi" aayi sthaanamurappichu. 1937ll ettor tolomi "contex della vettaa" ennu namakaranam cheythu. 1939ll kardinal eugenio passelli maarppaappayaayappol, musoliniyude jeevithakaalathu vishudhasanyaasimaar ithinakam "marshes" aakkiyirunna puthiya maarppaappayude sahodaran francesco passellic maranananthara bahumathiyayi "principe" enna padavi nalkiyirunnu.
1929-ll, laattaran udambadi aaa theeyathikku munbu srishticha ellah marpappa padavi padavikalum amgeekarikkukayum bhaviyil itaaliyan pouranmaarkku hollie zee nalkunna padavikku chodyam cheyyappedaattha amgeekaaram nalkaan ettedukkukayum cheythu.
abissiniyayile itaaliyan vijayakaramaya adhiniveshathinu sesham, musolini sarkkar chila itaaliyan pouranmaare kuleenapadavikalkkaayi itaaliyan rajaavinu shupaarsha cheythu. udaaharanathinu, marshell pietro badoglio "marshes dell subtobino", pinneedu "adis abebayude prabhukkan" enningane srishtikkappettu, general rodolfo grassiani "marshes dii neeghelli" aayi.
itaaliyan republic.
1946ll itali raajyam oru republicayi maari. 1948ll amgeekaricha itaaliyan bharanaghadana prakaram, prabhukkanmaarude padavikal ippozhum maryaadayaayi upayogikkunnundengil niyamaparamaayi amgeekarikkappettilla.
1922 nuu munbu amgeekarikkappetta chila "predicatti" (praadeshika padavikal) kudumbapperukalil gadippikkukayum niyamaparamaaya rekhakalil upayogikkukayum cheyyaam. palappozhum iva kuleena kudumbangalude charitraparamaaya fudal pradeshangalaayirunnu. 1967leeii oru haikodathi vidhi itaaliyan saamraajyathinte (1861-1946) vamshapaarambarya-niyamaparamaaya niyamanirmmanam nilavile niyamamallenn urappichu paranjenkilum, kuleena kudumbatthinte thalavan enna padavi ippozhum ellah pingaamikalkkum maryada padavikal aayi nalkappedunnu.
prabhukkanmaarude padavikal.
thekkan rajyangalaaya naples, sisili, sardinia ennivayum marpappa samsthaanangalum spain, france, englandu thudangiya raajavaazhchakalilethupole duke, markvis, kaundu, baaron ennee padavikal nalki. ennirunnaalum, viskaundu enna padavi mattidangaleppole italiyil pathivayi undaayirunnilla. joseph bonapart thante mcculkkum kochumakkalkkum paarambaryamaayi "rajakumaran" enna padavi nalki.
vadakkan italiyilum tuscanyilum palatharam adhikaarikal padavi nalkiyathode sthithi sankeernamaayi.
palappozhum, itaaliyan kammyoonukalum (naples rajyath) republicukalum italiyile prabhukkanmaarude oru rankayi maathram kanakkaakkappedunna patrician enna padavi nalkukayo amgeekarikkukayo cheythu. oru fudal prabhukkan ennathinekkaal nagara prabhukkanmaar aayirunnu paatrisiyett.
republic oof venis fudal padavikalum nalki.
madhyakaalakhattathil 
navothaanakaalathu, venis, genova, luca, saan marino, ragusa ennee republicukal ozhikeyulla mikka itaaliyan nagara-samsthaanangalum kuleena kudumbangal keezhadakki.
1806 vare innathe italiyude chila bhagangal vishudha roman saamrajyathilppetta itali raajyam roopeekarichu. rajakumaaranmaareyum rajakumaaranmaareyum srishtikkaanulla avakasham chakravarty nilanirtthi. eee rajaakkanmaar palappozhum rajakumaaranmaarum rajakumaaranmaarum aayathinal vadakkan itaaliyan raajaakkanmaarkk kuranja fudal padavikal (marks muthal thaazhekku) nalkaanulla avakasham chakravartthiyude pakkal ninnu labhichirunnu.
1861ll sardiniyayile rajaavu mattu itaaliyan samsthaanangal pidichadakkiyappol, kansaltta araldica (itaaliyan koleju oof ams) eee vyathyasthavum vaividhyapoornavumaaya samvidaanangale chuvade vivarichirikkunna shreniyil samyojippichu. praayogikamaayi ithinu pathittaandukal vendivannu.
raankukal.
itali raajyathin keezhilulla audyogika raankukal (1861-1946) ivayaayirunnu
eee shreniyude phalam ekeekaranathinu munbulla samsthaanangal nalkia padavikalude ovarlaappingil ninnaan, ennirunnaalum iva parasparam vyathyasthamaayirunnu. thalphalamaayi, raajyathudaneelam sheershakangal thulyamaayi vitharanam cheyyapettilla, oro pradeshathum chila sheershakangal poornnamaayum illaathirunnirikkaam.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinu sheshamulla kaalam.
1946 aayappozhekkum rajavaazhcha nirthalaakkiyathode ekeekaranathinu munbulla samsthaanangalile kudumbangal vahichirunna niravadhi padavikal (rund sisilikal, maarppaappayude samsthaanam muthalaayava).) appozhum kansaltta araldica matriculation nadathiyittilla. 1861num 1946num idayil sthaanam kramappeduthaattha kudumbangal (avakaashavaadikalum) chila padavikal upayogichathine ithu vishadeekarikkunnu.