
cladia goldin

oru american saambathika charitrakaariyum thozhil saambathika shaasthranjayumaanu cladia goldin (jananam meyy 14,1946), nilavil harward sarvakalaashaalayile henry liie saambathikashaasthra professoraanu. 1989 muthal 2017 vare enber development oof american ikkanomi prograaminte directoraayirunna avar economy stadi groupile enber jendarinte qoo-directoraan. vanita thozhil shakti, varumaanathile linga vidavu, varumaana asamathvam, saankethika maattam, vidyaabhyaasam, kudiyettam ennivayulppede niravadhi vishayangal goldinte gaveshanam ulkkollunnu. avarude gaveshanangalil bhooribhaagavum bhoothakaalathinte annukaliloode varthamaanakaalathe vyaakhyaanikkukayum nilavile aashankaajanakamaaya prashnangalude uthbhavam paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. aduthide poortthiyaakkiya avarude "currier & famili womens senchwari long traine tuu ikvitti" (prinsettan yooniversitti pras) enna pusthakam 2021 october 5 nuu puratthirangi.
aii. dii. 1 adhyayana varshathil american economic associationte prasidantaayirunnu goldin. 
1990ll haarvaardinte saambathikashaasthra vibhaagathil jolie cheiyunna aadya vanithayayi goldin maari.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
1946ll newyork nagaratthil oru jootha kudumbatthil janicha goldin bronxile paarkchesttar housing complexilaanu valarnnathu. kuttikkaalathu, oru puraavastu gaveshakanaakaan avar dridanishchayathilaayirunnum juuniyar haiskoolil pooll dii croofinte "dhii microba handezhs" (1927) vaayichathode avar bacteriologyilekku akarshikkappettu. haiskool juuniyar enna nilayil, cornell sarvakalashaalayil microbiology oru summer school kozhs poortthiyaakkiya avar bronks haiskool oof sayansil ninnu birudam nediya sesham microbiology padikkuka enna uddeshyathode cornell sarvakalashaalayil praveshichu.
thante randaam varshathil, avar alfred kaanumaayi oru klaas eduthu, "maranjirikkunna sathyangal velippeduthaan saambathikashaasthram upayogikkunnathil poornnamaaya santhosham pooll dii croofinte kathakal microbiology cheythath saambathikashaasthrathinu cheythu."niyanthranatthilum vyavasaya samghadanayilum avar akarshikkappettu, qaan thaalpparyamulla vishayangal, ashayavinimaya upagrahangalude niyanthranathekkurichu avar thante muthirnna prabandham ezhuthi. avalkk bii.eiii. cornell ninnu saambathikashaasthrathil, vyaavasaayika samghadana padikkuka enna uddeshyathode goldin chikkago sarvakalashaalayil saambathikashaasthrathil phd prograamil praveshichu. avar aaa mekhalayil doctoral prograam aarambhichu, ennaal gaari becker chikkaagoyilethiya sesham avar thozhil saambathikashaasthram cherkkukayum pinneedu roobert dablyu. pongacham. american aikyanaadukalile antibellum nagarangalilum thekkan vyavasayathilumulla adimathathekkurichu avar phd prabandham ezhuthi. 1972 ll phd nedi. birudapatanathinushesham, goldin visconsin-maadisan sarvakalaashaalayilum prinsettan sarvakalaashaalayilum pensylvania sarvakalaashaalayilum padippichu, 1990 ll harward sarvakalaashaalayile saambathikashaasthra vibhaagathil cherunnathinu munbu, aaa vibhaagathil kaalavadhi vaagdaanam cheytha aadya vanithayaayirunnu avar.
currier.
birudapatanathinushesham nerittu maadisanile visconsin sarvakalashaalayil goldin padippichu. 1972ll prinsettan sarvakalaashaalayilekkum 1979ll pensylvania sarvakalaashaalayilekkum thamasam marria avar avide oru kaalavadhi poortthiyaakkiya professoraayi. 1990ll harward sarvakalaashaalayile saambathikashaasthra vibhaagathil chernna avar aaa vibhaagathil kaalavadhi vaagdaanam cheyyappetta aadya vanithayaayirunnu. 1978 muthal goldin oru enn. bii. aarr. affiliate aanu.
goldin american economic association oof polittikkal aandu soshyal sayans, sosaitti oof laber economists, econometric sosaitti, american akkadami oof arts aandu sciences ennivayulppede niravadhi samghadanakalude fellow aayi thiranjedukkappettittundu. naashanal akkadami oof sciencesile 53,54 vakuppukalil avar amgamaanu. nebrasca sarvakalashaala, lund sarvakalashaala, europian yooniversitti instittyoott, soorich sarvakalashaala, dartmouth koleju, rochasttar sarvakalashaala ennivayulppede niravadhi oonarari doktarettu avarkk labhichittund. 1984 muthal 1988 vare jenal oof economic histtariyude edittaraayirunnu avar, 1990 muthal 2017 vare economic development monograph seereesile deerghakaala gadakangalude edittaraayirunnu.
2015ll, alfred pii. yill ninnulla dhanasahaayathode. saambathikashaasthrathile biruda mejarmaaril sthreekalude bhinnasankhya kuravaayirunnathu enthukondaanennu manasilakkaan sloon foundeshan, goldin saambathikashaasthrathile biruda vanithakalkk (yuu. yuu. iii) velluvili nalki. kuranja chelavil edapedunnathu saambathikashaasthrathile pramukha vanita vidagtharude ennam vardhippikkumo ennu nokkaan irupathu sthaapanangale chikilsakalaayum mattullavaye niyanthranangalaayum upayogichu avar kramarahithamaya niyantritha trial nadatthi.
gaveshanam.
sthreekaleyum sambadvyavasthayeyum kurichulla charitraparamaaya pravartthanangalude perilaanu goldin kooduthal ariyappedunnathu. aaa mekhalayile avarude ettavum swaadheenamulla prabandhangal, kariyarinum kudumbatthinumulla sthreekalude anweshanam, unnatha vidyaabhyaasathile sahavidyaabhyaasam, sthreekalude kariyarilum vivaha theerumaanangalilum "gulika" yude swaadheenam, vivaahathin sheshamulla sthreekalude kudumbapperukal oru saamoohika soochakamaayi, sthreekal ippol birudadhaarikalil bhooribhaagamaayathinte kaaranagal, sthreekalude puthiya jeevitachakram ennivayumaayi bandhappettathaan.
american aikyanaadukalude thekkan sambadvyavasthayude charithrathekkurichu gaveshanam nadathiyaanu goldin thante currier aarambhichath. avarude aadya pusthakamaaya arban slavery inn dhaa american southu, chikkago sarvakalaashaalayile phd prabandhamaayirunnu. parethanaaya frank louisinoppam avar vyaapakamaayi udharicha "american aabhyantharayudhathinte saambathika chelavu" (1978) enna prabandham ezhuthi. pinneedu amerikkayile aadyakaala vyavasaayavalkkaranathekkurathu vanita thozhilaallikal, balavelakkaar, kudiyetta, thozhilaallivarga kudumbangal ennivarude punk ennivayekkurichum avar kennathu socolophinoppam pravarthichu. aaa samayat, saambathika charithratthil vanita thozhilaallikale valia thothil avaganichittundennu avar manassilakkukayum vanita thozhil shakti engane parinamichuvennum saambathika valarchayil athinte punk engane vikasichuvennum padikkaan avar purappedukayum cheythu. aaa gaveshana shramathil ninnulla avarude pradhana prabandhangalil "chelavukalum laingikathayude adisthaanathil thozhilparamaaya verthirivum nireekshikkuka" (1987), "vivahita sthreekalude jeevithachakra thozhil pankaalittham" (1989), "sthreekalude thozhil valarchayil randaam lokamahaayudhathinte punk" (1991) enniva ulppedunnu. pathinettaam noottaand muthal irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanam vare usil sthreekalude thozhil vardhana, saambathika valarchayil athinte punk, varumaanathilum thozhililum linga vidavukal nilanilkkunnathum nilanilkkunnathum enthukondaanennathinekku kathayaanu avarude 'aantarsting dhii jender gappa aan economic histtari oof american viman' (1990) enna pusthakam parayunnath.
vanita thozhilshakthiyude saambathika charithrathekkurichu thante pusthakam ezhuthiya sesham, goldin yuu. ezz. vidyaabhyaasathinte charithram gaveshanam cheyyaan purappettu. haiskool prasthaanatheyum amerikkayile unnatha vidyaabhyaasathinte roopeekaranatheyum kurichulla lekhanangalude oru parambarayil ninnaan avar aarambhichath, athu avarude saambathika charitra association presidential prasamgamaaya "human kyaapittal senchwari american leadership bhoothakaalathinte gunangal" (2001) ennathil paryavasaanichu. amerikkayile saambathika asamathvathinte charithravum vidyaabhyaasa purogathiyumaayulla bandhavum manasilakkaan avar laurence kaatsinoppam pravarthichu. avarude gaveshanam eee vishayathil niravadhi prabandhangal nirmmikkukayum vidyaabhyaasavum saankethikavidyayum thammilulla malsaram (2008) prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. thozhil vipaniyile oru koleju vidyaabhyaasathinte moolyam nirnnayikkunnathinum avarude 2016 leeii prabandhatthiloode "thozhil vipaniyile poost secondary credentialukalude moolyam oru pareekshanathmaka patanam" ennathiloode eee jody orumichu pravarthichu.
goldin nilavile aashankayude vividha vishayangalil pravartthikkunnathu thudarnnu, avayil palathum avar samyukthamaayi edittu cheytha vaalyangalude bhaagamaayi. kudiyetta niyanthranatthinte uthbhavam, yuu. ezz. thozhilillaayma insurance srishtikkal, azhimathi kuraykkunnathil maadhyamangalude punk enniva ithil ulppedunnu.
aaa varshangalil, lingabhedathekkurichulla pradhana prabandhangalude oru parambarayilum avar pravarthikkukayaayirunnu. nishpakshathayude oorkkastretting vanita samgeethajnjaril 'andha' oodishanukalude swaadheenam" (rousinoppam, 2000) avarude ettavum uyarnna udharicha prabandhangalil onnaanu. gulikayude shakti garbhanirodhana maargangalum sthreekalude currier vivaha theerumaanangalum" (kaatts, 2002), "saambathika vikasanathilum saambathika charithratthilum yuu-aakruthiyilulla vanita thozhil shakti pravartthanam" (1995) ennivayaanu avarude chila munnira prabandhangal. thudarnnu koleju vanithakalude kariyarinum kudumbatthinumulla anweshanathilum varumaanathile lingavyathyaasathinte karanangalilum avar shradha kendreekarikkaan thudangi. avarude american economic association presidential prasangam, "oru mahathaaya lingasamathvam athinte avasana adhyayam" thozhil vipaniyil purushanmaarum sthreekalum thammilulla samathvam nilanilkkunnathin avasana adhyaayathil enthaanu adangiyirikkendathennu vyakthamaakkunnu. avarude pusthakamaaya currier & famili ekvittiyilekkulla sthreekalude noottaand neenda yaathrayil poornna charithramund, koodaathe sthreekalude kariyarilum dambathikalude ekvittiyilum pakarchavyaadhiyude swaadheenathode avasaanikkunnu.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
harward saambathika shaasthranjanaaya laurence ephine goldin vivaham kazhichu. caths. 1970 muthal avarkk kelsoyil ninnu aarambhich golden retreaverukal undu. avarude nilavile naayayaya pika, malsara sugandhathinulla awardinu parakke amgeekarikkappettittundu, anusarana malsarangalkku pariseelanam nediyittundu, koodaathe oru praadeshika nazhsing homil therapy naayay aayirunnu. goldinum kaatsum pakshivelakkaarum malakayattakkarum aanu.

