
kooll-purogathi toonn

telephonyil, kooll proogras tonukal upayokthaavin oru telephone kolinte avasthayekkurichulla soochana nalkunna kelkkaavunna tonukalaanu. oru central oafees allengil oru swakaarya branch exchange (pbx) vazhi colling partyilekku tonukal srishtikkunnu.
dial toonn, tirakkeriya toonn thudangiya chila tonukal thirichariyaan roopakalppana cheythittullathaanu phaaks mesheenukal, modam thudangiya telecommunication upakaranangal.
aii. tii. yuu-tii <aii. dii. 1>, <aii. dii. 2> ennee shupaarshakal eee tonukalil chilathinte saankethika savisheshathakalum uddeshicha upayogavum nirvachikkunnu. toonn vyakthamakkaan upayogikkaavunna oru toonn vivarana formaattaanu tonscript. pala europian samvidaanangalum europian telecommunication staanderds instityoottaaya ettsiyude shupaarshakal pinthudarunnu.
praadeshikavum deseeyavumaaya maanadandangal.
deseeya telephone samvidaanangal lainukaludeyo upakaranangaludeyo nilayo prathyeka tonukalulla kolukalude falamo soochippikkunnathinu tonukale nirvachikkunnu. 
atharam tonukal saadhaaranayaayi oro rajyath staanderd cheythirikkunnu, avayil ottayoo onniladhikam aavruthikalo adangiyirikkaam.
mikka europian raajyangalum 425 hearts adisthaanamaakkiyulla tonukalude samvidaanavumaayi poruthappettittundu, athesamayam yunaittad stetts eratta aavruthi samvidaanam upayogikkunnu.
prathyekichum swakaarya netvarkkukalilum chila voypp upakaranagalilum ozhivaakkalukal nilavilundu. europil, chila rajyangal sthaapithamaaya pazhaya maanadandangale adisthaanamaakki deseeya ozhivaakkalukal palikkukayum ettsi shupaarshakal poornnamaayum sweekarikkaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu. 
ettavum sradheyamaaya ozhivaakkalukal yuu. esil kaanapedunnu.keey. (tonukalude vyathyastha samvidaanam chuvadeyulla pattika kaanuka), ireland (britiish shailiyilulla ringback toonn), itali (thudarchayaaya dial toonn), france (440 hearts toonn freekwansikal).
europinum vadakke amerikkaykkum purathu, toonn plaanukal oro rajyathinum vyathyasthamaanenkilum videshathu ninnu vilikkunna anthima upayokthakkalkkum phaaks mesheenukal, modam enniva polulla automatic dialing upakaranagalkkum eluppathil thirichariyaan kazhiyunnathra samaanamaan.
pala raajyangalum ettsi shupaarsha cheiyunnathinu samanamaaya padhathikal sweekarichittundu, mattullavaykku vadakke american allengil britiish maanadandangalude swaadheenamundu, athesamayam jappan, austreliya polulla chilath aaa raajyangalkk savisheshamaan.
pala kesukalilum, videshathu ninnu vilikkumbol, thirakkilayirikkukayum reorder cheyyukayum mattu kooll failer tonukal praadeshika switch play cheyyukayum cheyyaam. ss 7 polulla aadhunika signalling protocolukal eee vivarangal digitalaayi ayaykkunnu, athinaal oru videsha netvarkkil vidoora switch vazhi srishtikkappedunna ringback toonn allengil prakhyapanam maathrame mattu rajyangalil ninno netvarkkukalil ninno vilikkunnavar kelkkoo.
oru videsha netvarkkil roaming cheiyunna mobail phonukalkku palappozhum avar thaalkkaalikamaayi hosttucheytha netvarkkil ninnu oru ringback toonn nalkum. udaaharanathinu, europil oru us phoon vilikkunnathu oru europian ringback toonn allengil visa thirichuvaravu nalkum. kooduthal kooduthal, netvarkkukal pakaram swantham aabhyanthara tonukal play cheyyaan thiranjedukkaam, ithu romingine thadassamillaathathaakkunnu. eee saahacharyathil ring cheiyunna avastha hoost network ayaykkukayum toonn srishtikkunnathu hoome netvarkkaanu.
chila sandarbhangalil, tonukal poornnamaayum praadeshika nettvarkkiloodeyo telephone vazhiyo srishtikkappedunnu, ithu voy pii adisthaanamaakkiyulla sevanangalil kooduthal saadhaaranamaanu. eee saahacharyathil vidooramaayi srishtikkappetta tonukal kelkkilla.
kelkkaavunna tonukalekkaal signalling protocolukalude upayogam ardhamaakkunnathu oru kooll connectucheythittillengil vidoora svichilekkulla oru voys chaanal anaavasyamaanu ennaanu. ithu network bandwidth, switch sheshi enniva laabhikkunnu, koodaathe anthima upayokthaakkalkk praadeshika tonukalo oonn-screen feedbaco nalkaan kazhiyunnathinaal ithu palappozhum kooduthal upayokthru sauhrudamaanu.
vadakke american tonukal.
krithyamaaya toonn plan nirvachichirikkunnathupo, toonn freekwansikal harmonics intermodulation uthppannangalum vishwasaneeyamallaatha signalinu kaaranamaakaatha vidhathil thiranjedukkunnu. freekwansi onniladhikam allah, eathenkilum rund freekwansikal thammilulla vyathyasam freekwansikalkku thulyamalla, eathenkilum rund freekwansikalude koottupalisha freekwansikalkku thulyamalla. freekwansikal thudakkathil roopakalppana cheythath 21/19 enna anupaathathilaanu, ithu oru muzhuvan toninekkaal alpam kuravaanu. aavruthikal avayude naamamaatra aavruthiyekkaal ± 1.8 sathamaanathil kooduthal vyathyaasappedaathirikkaam, allengil switching sentar signal avaganikkum. uyarnna aavruthikal line kuruke ayaykkumbol kuranja aavruthikalekkaal athe vooliyam allengil uchathilaayirikkaam. uyarnnathum thaazhnnathumaaya aavruthikal thammilulla uchathilulla vyathyasam 3 desibel (db) vare valuthaakam, ithine "twist" ennu vilikkunnu."toninte dairkhyam kuranjathu 537 millie sentar aayirikkanam.
australian tonukal.
australian pii. ezz. tii. enn. leeii supervisory tonukale communications alayans prasidheekaricha/caa ezz002 aayi nirvachichirikkunnu.

