
minimalism (vishwal arts)

vividha tharatthilulla kalayileyum roopakalppanayileyum chalanangale minimalism vivarikkunnu, prathyekichu vishwal art, samgeetham, avide ellah athyaavashyamallaatha roopangalo savisheshathakalo ashayangalo illaathaakkunnathiloode oru vishayathinte saaramsham, avashyangal allengil swathuam enniva thurannukattunnathinaayi srishti sajjeekarichirikkunnu. kalayile oru prathyeka prasthaanamenna nilayil ithu randaam lokamahaayudhaananthara paashchaathya kalayile vikasanangalumayi thirichariyappedunnu, 1960 kalilum 1970 kalude thudakkathilum american vishwal aarttukalumayi ettavum shakthamayi. aadu reinhard, nassos daphnis, tonny smith, donald juudu, joonn mccracken, agnez martin, daan flavin, roobert morris, laari bell, aan truit, yavs clain, frank stella ennivaraanu eee prasthaanavumaayi bandhapetta pramukha kalakaaranmaar. kalaasrishti lalithamayathinaal labelinethire kalakaaranmaar thanne chilappol prathikarichittundu. amoortha aavishkaaravaadathodulla prathikaranamaayum poost minimal art practisukalilekkulla palamaayum minimalism palappozhum vyaakhyaanikkappedunnu.
charithram.
minimal art", "" "lettalist art", "" "abc art" enningane pothuve ariyappedunna vishwal artile minimalism 1960 kalude thudakkathil newyorkkil uyarnnuvannu ". puthiyathum pazhayathumaya kalakaaranmaar jyaamitheeya amoorthathayilekku neengiyappol 60-kalil newyorkkil thudakkathil minimal art prathyakshappettu; frank stella, kenneth noland, aall hold, elsworth kellie, roobert raiman thudangiyavarude kaaryangalil paintingiloode paryavekshanam nadathukayum david smith, aanthani karoo, tonny smith, soul levitt, kaal andrey, daan flavin, donald judd thudangiyavarulppede vividha kalakaaranmaarude srishtikalile shilpangal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheythu. 1964ll maanhattanile green galleryil flavinte aadyathe fluorescent laitt varkkukalayi jaddinte shilpam pradharshippichappol lioo castelli gallery, pays gallery thudangiya mattu pramukha manhattan gaalarikalum jyaamitheeya amoorthathayil shradha kendreekarikkunna kalakaaranmaare pradarshippikkaan thudangi. koodaathe rund adisthaanaparavum swaadheenamullathumaaya museum pradarshanangalum undaayirunnu "praadhamika ghadanakal yuva american, britiish shilpam" 1966 epril 27 muthal juun 12 vare newyorkkile jootha myoosiyathil pradharshippichu, myoosiyathinte curator oof painting aandu silpamaaya kainaasttan mcshine, solaman aaril "systemic painting" enniva samghadippichu. 1966ll laurence levve kyoorett cheytha guggenheim museum aakruthiyilulla kyanwas, kalar feeld, haard edju painting ennivayiloode american kalaa lokathile jyaamitheeya amoorthathvam pradharshippichu. aaa pradarshanangaludeyum mattu chilarudeyum pashchaathalatthil "minimal art" enna kalaa prasthaanam uyarnnuvannu.
bouhousumaayi bandhapetta chithrakaaranmaarude jyaamitheeya amoortheekaranangalilum, kasimir malvichu, peett mondriyan, dii stijl prasthaanavumaayi bandhapetta mattu kalakaaranmaar, russian kanstrakttivist prasthaanam, roman shilpi konstaantin brancusiyude srishtikal ennivayilum minimalisatthinte europian verukal kaanapedunnu. baarnett neuman, aadu reinhard, joseph albers ennivarude paintingukalum pablo picaso, marsell duchamp, georgio morandi thudangiya vaividhyamaarnna kalakaaranmaarude srishtikalum minimal aarttin bhaagikamaayi prachodanamaanu. 1940kalilum 1950kalilum newyork schoolil prabalamaayirunna amoorthamaaya aavishkaaravaadathinte peyintari aathmanishtathaykkethiraaya prathikaranam koodiyaayirunnu minimalism.
paintingukal.
kazhinja dashakathile kooduthal aathmanishtamaaya amoortha aavishkaaravaadikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, chila minimalistukal thangalude kala svayam aavishkaarathekkurichalla, thangaludethu 'vasthunishta' maanennu vyakthamaayi prasthaavichu. pothuve, jyaamitheeyavum palappozhum valare roopakangal, bhaagangalude samathvam, aavarthanam, nishpaksha prathalangal, vyaavasaayika vasthukkal ennivayil ninnu shudheekaricha ghanaroopangalum minimalisatthinte savisheshathakalil ulppedunnu.
newyorkkile museum oof moden artle dorothy miller samghadippicha 1959 leeii shoyil ulppeduthiya painter frank stella aayirunnu minimalisavumaayi prathyekamaayi bandhapetta aadyathe kalakaaranmaaril oraal. stellaasukalude pinstrip paintingukalile varakalude veethi nirnnayikkunnath stretureukalkkaayi upayogikkunna maratthinte alavukal anusarichaanu, vashath ninnu nokkumbol paintinginte aazhamayi kaanapedunnu, kyanwas neettiya supportive chassis nirmmikkaan upayogikkunnu. athinaal canvasinte munvashathe uparithalathile gadanakalekkurichulla theerumaanangal poornnamaayum aathmanishtamaayirunnil, marichu pinthunayude bhauthika nirmmaanatthinte "nalkia" savisheshathayaal munkootty vyavastha cheythathaayirunnu. shhow kaattalogil kaal andrey abhiprayappettu, "kala anaavasyamaayavaye ozhivaakkunnu. varakal varaykkendathu aavasyamaanennu frank stella kandethi. addehathinte paintingil mattonnum illa."eee kuraykkunna kruthikal oorjjam niranjathum prathyakshatthil valare aathmanishtavum vaikarikavumaaya chithrangalaaya villem dii cooning allengil france klainil ninnu thikachum vyathyasthamaayirunnu, muun thalamurayile amoortha aavishkaaravaadikalil mungamiyaayi, baarnett neuman, maarkk rohtko ennivarude kuranja aamgya, palappozhum somber, kalar feeld paintingukalilekku kooduthal chaayunnu. moma shoyil ninnu stellaykku udanadi shradha labhichenkilum, kenneth noland, jeane davis ennivayulppedeyulla kalakaaranmaar 50 kalude avasaanam muthal 1960 vare varakalum monochromatic, haard edju formaattukalum paryavekshanam cheyyaan thudangi.
monocrome punarujjeevanam.
1882ll paareesil nadanna aadyathe asambandhamaaya kalakalude pradarshanatthil kavi pooll bilhoudinte "combatt dii neggers dance anaan tunnel" ("neegros phaitt inn eiii tunnel") enna karutha paintingaanu ekavarnna paintinginu thudakkam kurichathu. thudarnnulla asambandha kalakalude pradarshanangalil (1880kalilum) ezhuthukaaranaaya aalphons alleys mattu ezhu ekavarnna paintingukal nirddeshichu, athaayath "premiier communion dii jeeyoons phillus chloroticukal paar anaan temps dii neej" ("manjile anaemic penkuttikalude aadya communion", veluthathu), allengil "recolte dii laa tomet paar dess cardinax apoplecticukal ooo board dii laa merr rooj" ("chenkadalinte theerathulla apoplectic kardinalmar vazhi thakkaali vilavedukkal", chuvapp). ennirunnaalum, itharathilulla pravarthanangalkku 20-aamm noottaandile daadaa allengil neo-daadaa, prathyekichu 1960 kalile flexes grouppinte kruthikal, 20-aamm noottaandile monocrome paintinginekkaal kooduthal saamyam undu.
1949 ll thanne yavs clain monochromukal varaykkukayum 1950 ll eee kruthiyude aadya swakaarya pradarshanam nadathukayum cheythu, 1954 novemberil aarttistinte pusthakam prasidheekarikkukayaayirunu addehathinte aadya pothu pradarshanam.
eathaandu muzhuvan karutha paintingukalum minimalism munkootty kandathayi thonniya aadu reinhart, kalayodulla oru reductive sameepanathinte moolyathekkurichu ezhuthi "athil kooduthal karyangal, kalaasrishtikalude tirakk, athu moshamaan. kooduthal kuravaanu. kuravaanu kooduthal. kazhcha shudhamaakunnathinu kannu oru bheeshaniyaanu. svayam nagnanaakkunnath ashleelamaan. prakrithiyil ninnu mukti nedunnathiloodeyaanu kala aarambhikkunnath."
reinhardinte paramarsham, hans hofmante prakrithiyodulla aadarav thante amoorthamaaya aavishkaaravaadachithrangalu uravidamaayi nerittu ethirkkunnu. 1942ll hofman jaaksan polokkum thammilulla oru prashasthamaaya kaimaattam liie crassner smithsonian instittyoott archives oof american artinaayi dorothy stricklerumaayulla oru abhimukhathil (1964-11-02 ll) record cheythu. crassnerude vaakkukalil
prathyeka vasthukkal.
lalithamaaya kalayil chithraathmakavum, midhyaabodhavum, saangalppikavum aksharaarthatthil ozhivakkaanulla pravanatha chitrakalayil ninnu akannupokunnathilekkum silpaparamaaya aashankakalilekkum nayichu. donald judd oru chithrakaaranaayi aarambikkukayum vasthukkalude srashtaavaayi avasaanikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte adisthaana lekhanamaaya "nirddishta vasthukkal" ("arts earbook 8,1965" ll prasidheekarichathu) minimalist soundaryashaasthrathinte roopeekaranathinulla sidhaanthathinte oru touchston aayirunnu. eee lekhanathil, american kalayude oru puthiya pradeshathinu oru thudakkavum avasheshikkunna paarambarya europian kalaa moolyangal oresamayam nirasikalum jadji kandethi. jasper johns, daan flavin, liie bonteco ennivarulppede akkaalat newyorkkil sajeevamaayirunna kalakaaranmaarude oru nirayile eee vikasanathinte thelivukal addeham choondikkaatti. paintinginte roopangale moorchayullathum kadinavum thathwashaasthraparamaayi charjju cheythathumaaya jyamithikalaayi konkreett cheyyukayum vaattiyedukkukayum cheytha jorjju erl oortmaante kruthiyaanu jadjinu "praadhamika" praadhaanyam nalkiyathu. painting allengil shilpam ennu sukhakaramaayi tharamthirikkaanaavaatha oru sthalathu eee nirddishta vasthukkal vasichirunnu. atharam vasthukkalude varggeekritha swathuam thanne chodyam cheyyappedunnathaayum nannayi dharichathum amithamaayi parichithavumaya kanvenshanukalumaayi eluppathil bandhappedunnathu avaa ozhivaakkunnuvennum avaa nyaayavidhiyude moolyathinte bhaagamaayirunnu.
vimarsanam.
eee prasthaanatthe aadhunika aupachaarika kalaa vimarshakarum charitrakaaranmaarum shakthamayi vimarshichu. 1960kall vareyulla kaalaghattatthile chithrakalayude prabalamaaya american vimarsakanaaya klement greenberg nirvachichathupole chithrakalayudeyum shilpathinteyum aadhunika vairudhyathekkurichu thettidhaaranaye minimal art prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu chila vimarshakar karuthi.
minimalisathekkurichulla ettavum sradheyamaaya vimarsanam nirmmichathu aupachaarika vimarsakanaaya maikkal friedaanu, avar athinte "naadakakshamatha" yude adisthaanathil eee kruthiye ethirthu. 1967 juunil aarttforathil prasidheekaricha "art aandu objecthood" enna kruthiyil, ettavum kuranja kalaasrishti, prathyekichu ettavum kuranja shilpam, kaazhchakkaarante bhouthikathayumaayulla edapazhakaline adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane addeham prakhyaapichu. roobert morris polulla srishtikal kaazhchayude pravrithiye oru tharam kazhchayaayi maattukayum athil abhinaya nireekshanatthinte karakaushala vasthukkalum srishtiyile kaazhchakkaarante pankaalitthavum anaachaadanam cheyyappedukayum cheythuvennu addeham vaadichu. akathe soundaryaparamaaya edapedalil ninnu kalaasrishtikalkku purathulla oru sambhavathilekku kaazhchakkaarante anubhavathinte eee sthaanachalanathe minimum aarttinte parajayamaayi fried kandu. 
aarttforathinte october lakkathil edittarkku ezhuthiya kathil poost minimalistum erthu aartistumaaya roobert smithson freedinte lekhanathe udan thanne velluvilichu. smithson prasthaavichu "thaan enthaanu cheiyunnathennu ettavum kooduthal bhayappedunnathu avan enthaanu cheiyunnathennu bodham-athaayath svayam naadakakkaaranaayirikkuka ennathaanu".
pala kalakaaranmaarum padhathikalude designermar mathramaayirunnu enna vasthuthayekkurichulla mattoru vimarsanam, athesamayam yadhaartha kalaasrishtikal anjjaatha karakaushalathozhilaalikalanu nadappilaakkiyathu.

