backus-keho-kidland pasil

saambathikashaasthrathil, bii. keey. keey pasil ennum ariyappedunna backus-keho-kideland upabhoga parasparabandham pasil, ulppaadanathekkaal raajyangaliludaneelam upabhogam valare kuravaanu enna nireekshanamaanu.
prasthavana.
ambu-debru sambadvyavasthayil, i.iii. samsthaana-aakasmika vipanikalude oru samboornna koottamulla oru sambadvyavastha, raajya-nirddishta ulppaadana apakadasadhyathakal koottukayum aabhyanthara upabhoga valarcha raajya-nirddishta varumaana aaghaathangale valareyadhikam aashrayikkaathirikkukayum venam. athinaal sidhaanthamanusarichu uthppaadanathekkaal raajyangaliludaneelam upabhogam valareyadhikam parasparabandhithamaanennu naam nireekshikkanam. 1992 muthal avarude lekhanathil backus, keho, kideland enniva kandethiyathin vipareethamaayirunnu, athaayath ulppaadanathekkaal raajyangaliludaneelam upabhogam valare kuravaanu.
backus, keho, kideland (1992) enniva americayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol 11 vikasita raajyangalile echpi-filter cheytha upabhogathinteyum ulppaadanathinteyum parasparabandham kanakkakkunnu. alanna sharashari upabhoga sahakaranm. 19 aayirunnu, athesamayam sharashari ulppaadana sahakaranm. 31 aayirunnu. obstfeldum rogoff (1996) loka upabhogavumaayi (35 "maanadanda" rajyangal) okedi raajyangalude sharashari sahakaranm report cheiyunnu. 43, athesamayam sharashari okedi raajyathinte ulppaadana sahakaranm loka maanadandavumaayi 0.52 aanu. eee phalangalude sarikkum aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunna bhagam upabhoga nilavaaram poornnamaayum parasparabandhithamallenalla, marichu avaa ulppaadanathekkaal kuranja parasparabandhamullathaan ennathaanu. prathyakshatthil, apakadasaadhyatha pankidal valare kuravaanu.
anthaaraashtra saambathikashaasthrathile aarr pradhana pasilukalil onnaayi obstfeldum rogoff (2000) ithine thirichariyunnu. trade pasil, ikvitti hoome bayas pasil, feldstein-horeoca savings-investment korileshan pasil, purchasing power, exchange rettu disconnect pasil, exchange rettu rejiment pasil ennivayude baakstar-stokkmaan neutraality ennivayaanu mattullava. ithu backus-smith upabhoga-yadhaartha vinimaya nirakk pasil ennivayumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
manassilakkiya apaakathakalkk kaaranam kandethanulla sramangal.
stokkmaanum tesrum (1995) vilakalum alavukalum thammilulla bandham thakarkkunnathinum vyaapaarathiloode kudumbangalkk upabhogam sugamamaakkunnath budhimuttakkunnathinum rund marggangal nirddeshikkunnu. aadyathethu vyaapaaramillaatha charakkukalaann chila sevanangal pole vyapaaram cheyyaan kazhiyaatha saadhanangal upayogikkaan kudumbangal eshtappedunnuvennu karuthuka. avarude vitharanam vardhippikkunna oru nalla saankethika aaghaatham undengil, videshathekku kayattumathi cheythukondu avarkk eee charakkukalude upabhogam sugamamakkaan kazhiyilla. randaamathethu "ruchi aaghaathangal" aannu saambathika anthareekshathil oru maattavumillathe oru rajyath upabhogam vardhikkukayaanenkil, athu videshathu vaaypayedukkukayum palisha nirakk vardhippikkukayum upabhogam kuraykkaan videsharaajyathe prerippikkukayum cheyyum. athinaal upabhogam raajyangaliludaneelam prathikoolamaayi bandhappettirikkam.

