aval-aval-aval kyaambukal

thozhilillaatha purushanmarkkaayi roopakalppana cheytha sivilian kansarveshan corps (sisi) prograamukalude prathiroopamaayi amerikkayil elanor rooswelt (err) samghadippicha thozhilillaatha sthreekalkkaayulla campukalaayirunnu shee-shee-shee kyaambukal. sii. sii. sii. prograaminte purushanmaar mathramulla shradha samrakshanathilum vanavalkkaranathilum pravartthikkaanum kudumbatthil ninnum adutha pinthunayilum ninnu akannu thamasikkunna aarumaasathe paripaadikalil pankedukkaanum thayyaarulla yuvathikale ozhivaakkiyathaayi err kandethi. yuvathikalkkayulla oru sahodari samghadanaykkaayi avar sisisiyilekk lobby cheythu. thozhilillaatha sthreekalkkum residential worker skoolukalkkumulla kyaambukal ithil ulppedumennu eleanor rooswelt nirddeshichu. 1933 ll presidentinte utharaviloodeyaanu shee-shee-shee campukalkku dhanasahayam nalkiyathu. 1934 epril 30 nuu thozhilillaatha sthreekalkkaayi vaitt house konfarans nadathiyathinu sesham laber sekrattari frances perkins atharamoru camp samghadippichu, thudarnnu raajyavyaapakamaayi thozhilillaatha vanita camp enna ashayam kaivarichu. puthiya deale prograamukale pothujanangal valia thothil pinthunaykkukayum ccc valia vijayamaakukayum cheythappol, 1936 aayappozhekkum vanita pathipp prathivarsham 5,000 vanithakalil onnaamathethukayum mothatthil 8,500 perkku sevanam nalkukayum cheythu.
vanasamrakshanavum samrakshanavum.
grameena jeevithathodulla abhiniveshavum vilyam jayimsinte thathwashaasthravum sii. sii. sii. kku aakkam koottiyathinaalaanu president franklin rooswelt athine vilamathichathu. yudhathodulla abhiniveshathe ulppaadana sevanathilekku nayikkunna itharathilulla paripadiye jaims "yudhathinu daarmmikamaaya thulyam" aayi kanakkakki. yuu. ezz. armi offeesarmaaraanu kyaambukal bharichathenkilum, germmaniyile hitlar yuvakkalumaayi oru saamyam bharanakoodam aagrahikkaathathinaal sainikavaadikalallaatha tharatthilaanu kyaambukal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. eee vrukshasainyangal yuvakkalaaya purushanmaare pidichunirtthukayum samrakshanam, kaattutheekkethire pooraadal, anakkettukal nirmmikkal, manushyanirmmitha thadakangal srishtikkal ennivayil earppedukayum cheythu. desheeyodyaanangalkku munbuthanne samsthaanathe paarkklaandinte bhooribhaagavum mechappeduthiyenkilum eleanor rooswelt chodichu, "sthreekalude kaaryamo?"
camp terra.
vanita kyaambukalil pankedukkunnathinulla maanadandangal sii. sii. siyil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu. eleanor rooswelt bharanakoodatthil ninnulla cheruthunilppine ethirthu, avaril palarum amerikkayile thozhilillaatha sthreekale oru maandyathinte madhyathil sarkkar sponsor cheytha avadhikkaalamaayi visheshippikkaavunnathin ayaykkunnathine ethirthu. niravadhi sthreekalude duravasthayekkurichu avar aswastharaayirunnu, avaril palarum rottikkoottukalil prathyakshappettilleng sabway tonnelukalilum "trampingilum" thaamasikkunnathilekku tharamthaazhthappettu, nagarapradeshangalkk purathulla upajeevanathinaayi vettayaadi. "oru koottam sthreekal enna nilayil mattullavarumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol avaganikkappedunnu", pradhama vanitha paranju, "eee vishaadathiludaneelam ettavum budhimutteriya samayamaan kadannupoyathu."1933 aayappozhekkum jolie thedunna sthreekalude ennam 20 lakshamaayi uyarnnu. feminist ezhuthukaariyaaya meridal leeii suur ezhuthi, jolie theernnukazhinjaal, sthreekal" "aazhchakalolam pattiniyilekku neengukayum, eathenkilum kuzhiyil izhayukayum, theruvukaliloode lajjayode nadakkukayum, librarikalilum paarkkukalilum irikkukayum, naadukadatthappetta mrugatheppole oru jeevanodum samsaarikkathe divasangalolam pookukayum cheyyum".
puthiya deale vidyaabhyaasa vidagthayaaya hilda worthington smith 1921ll jolie cheiyunna sthreekalkkaayi brin morr summer school sthaapicha sesham parichayamulla efdrinaayi jolic pooyi. ithinu niravadhi maasangal vendivannu, pakshe, sthaanakkayattavum joliyum moolam, aadyathe camp bear moundan camp terrayil (thaalkkaalika adiyanthara durithaashwaasa sahayam) nilampathichu, pinneedu camp jaine adams ennu vilikkapettu. marian tinker athinte aadya samvidaayakanaayi thiranjedukkappettu. masaachyusetsile maanchasttarile haiskoolil padicha avar connectikkattile nyoo hevensile arnold collegilum haarisburgile pensylvania sarvakalaashaalayilum patanam poortthiyaakki. oru saamoohika pravartthakayenna nilayil, yuvka, gales scouts thudangiya vividha samghadanakalilum niravadhi skoolukalilum yuvathikalodoppam pravarthichathil avarkk anubhavaparichayamundaayirunu. 1933 juun juun newyorkkil ninnulla 17 yuvathikalumayi camp terra aarambhichu. nilavil newyorkkile bair moundan stettu parkkil 1934ll ccc entolikalkkaayi 12 kyaambukal undaayirunnu. corps avalokanam cheiyunnathinaayi fdr aaa varsham camp ezz. pii-20 sandarshichu. vinoda kendram, mess haal, baarakkukal, camp library ennividangalil addeham samayam chelavazhichu, 200-ladhikam entolleemaare avarude kadinaadhvaanathinu prashamsichu. pookunnathinumumbu, vinodasanchaarikalkkaayi niravadhi neenthal thadaakangalil aadyathethu srishticha pine pulmedukal thaazhvarayude purathekkulla anakkett, samrakshanathinum vanavalkkaranathinumulla efdiaarinte bahumaanatthinte nerittulla prakadanamaaya signature project addeham sandarshichu.
camp terra aadyamaayi sandarshichappol 200 ekkar visthruthiyulla campil 30 penkuttikale maathrame avar kandethiyulloo. 200 perkku thaamasikkanulla sheshi labhikkunnathuvare aazhchayil randuthavana 20 penkuttikal athanamennu smith padhathiyittirunnu. ennirunnaalum, valia chuvanna tape ashayakkuzhappavum nilaninnu. avar campine abhinandichu, pakshe aavasyakathakal valare karsanamaanennu theerumaanichu. jolie sweekarikkaan thayyaraya sthreekal mathiyaayillenn avarkk vishwasikkaan kazhinjilla, koodaathe ennam vardhikkendathundennu allengil ashayam upekshikkappedumennu munnariyipp nalki. ithu samsthaana durithaashwaasa bharanaprathinidhiyaya walter dablyu. cheria, apekshicha 700 sthreekalil 30 pere maathram thiranjedutthathu enthukondaanennu vishadeekarikkaan hoott seettil. samagramaya" anweshanathe prathirodhikkaan chilar cheyyendivannu, prograam yogyatha 40 vayass vare neettiyengilum, "yogyathaykkulla yogyathakalude karkkashathe" kuttappeduthunnathu padhathi vaikippikkunnathil thante pankine ozhivaakkiyilla. kaalathamasam undaayirunnittum, kyaambukalkkaayi kooduthal swathukkalum pankedukkaanulla vyakthikalil ninnulla abhyarthanakalum vaitt housilekku meyil supporting camp terra ozhuki. camp terra vijayichaal kooduthal campukalkku sarkkar udyogasthar pinthuna vaagdaanam cheythu. kyaambukalude swabhaavathekkurichu chodyangalum maadhyamashradhayum undaayirunnu. chila sthreekal karuthi, eee camp thangalkk manushyavela upayogichu vananasheekaranathinaayi pravartthikkaan uddeshichullathaanennum athinanusarichu avarkk kurachu maathram kaanikkan kazhiyaathe kadinaadhvaanam nalkumennum. purusha entol cheiyunnavar prathimasam kudumbatthinu 30 dollaril ninnu $<aii. dii. 1> pinvalikkunnathinaal, jolie vaagdaanam jolie avasaram nashtappedutthaan aagrahikkaathavare aakarshikkukayum pankaalikalil ninnu thilangunna reportukal madangivarikayum cheythathode, aval-aval-aval-yude vakthaakkal 1933 avasaanathode prograam vipuleekarikkaanulla sramangal puthukki. ennaal ennaal pala amerikkakkarum vyakthikale, prathyekichu sthreekale pinthunaykkaan pothu vibhavangal upayogikkunnathine ethirthu. sthreeyude punk veettilaanennu palarum karuthi. samshayaaspadamaaya kazhivukal padikkaan sthreekale kaattilekku thalluka enna ashayam thettaanenn mattullavar karuthi.
vimarshakar.
sii. sii. sii kyaambukalil jolie cheiyunna purushanmaare sthree counderpart valareyadhikam rasippichu. oru sii. sii. sii pathratthinu vendi ezhuthumbol, camp terrayile sthreekal athramaathram jolie cheiyunnuvennu oraal shradhichu, "chila penkuttikal sundarikalaanu. ellaavarum santhushtaraanu. avar paranjathupole, avar vanna sthalamaaya newyorkkilekku thirichupokaan avar orikkalum agrahikkilla. avaril mikkavarudeyum jeevitam dushkaramaayirunnu." 
pinneedu abhibhaashakayum ezhuthukaariyum karuthavarga pouraavakaasha pravartthakayum episcopal purohithayumaaya poolii murey 1933 avasaanathode doctorude upadesaprakaaram camp terrayilethi. daaridryathinte vakkilaayirunna avarkk pleurisy undennu kandethukayum campinte director miss millukalumayi ettumuttiyathode avide samayam kuranju. onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu oru ambulance driver svechaadhipathiyumaaya millukal ardha sainika lainukalil camp nadatthaan shramichu. murreyude bagil "daas kaapittal" ennathinte oru pakarpp undaayirunnu, director mills athu kandethiyappol avale campil ninnu purathaakki. pinneedu elanor roosvelttinte adutha suhruthaayi maari. campil aalapicha idathupaksha ganangal athirkkunnavarude kendramaayi maari. hoovarvillukalil" ninnu adhikam akaleyallaathathinaal kyaambukalil idathupakshakkaar undaayirunnathil athishayikkanilla, gayakanaaya woody gutriyeppolulla sahayaathrikarude troubeder shaili eee gaanangalkk aakkam kootti. 1936ll communist swaadheenathekkurichulla vivaadangal campine valayam cheythathil athishayikkanilla. 1936 joolaiyil rockland kaundiyile american sainyam camp terra udyogasthar federal fund communist aavasyangalkkaayi upayogichuvennu aaropichu. puthiya samvidaayakanaaya bernis miller aropanangal ethirthu, "campermark avarkk enthaanu vendathennu parayanum charcha cheyyaanum avarkk ishtamulla eathu gaanavum paadaanum poornna swaathanthryam anuvadichirunnu" ennu paranju. sarkkaarine ettavum kooduthal pinthunachuvennum avar koottichertthu. anthaaraashtra", "samoolamaaya parihasangal" enniva aalapikkunnathinekkurim vivaadaparamaaya karyangal vaayikkunnathinekkurichu ulla paraathikalekkurichu, miller sammathicha chilar "communist, soshyalist anunaya" thaayirunnu. camp terrayil ninnulla sthreekal "rakshappedukayum" aduthulla purushanmaarude sisi camp sandarshikkukayum cheythath naanakkedundaakkukayum cheythu. camp terrayile oru adthyaapikayaaya haari gersh abhiprayappettu, "eee sthreekalkku ithu ettavum prakrithivirudhamaaya anthareekshamaayirunnu. laingika ottappedal oru prashnamaakumenn aarum karuthiyirunnilla.
camp terrayil ninnu newyork nagaratthilekku madangiyethiya sesham chila sthreekal theevravaadi thozhilaalli sakhyathil chernnu. shee-shee' kyaambukalude nettatthe nishithamayi vimarshikkunna samghadanayude vakthaav saaraa rosenberg paranju, 'onniladhikam penkuttikal parayunnath aathmahathyayo roadukalil chaadukayo cheiyukayallaathe mattonnum avasheshikkunnillennu'.
thaddesheeya abhimaanam.
yuu. asiludaneelam asiludaneelam kyaambukal srishtichu.ezz. 1936 aayappozhekkum 8,500-ladhikam sthreekal saikkil chavittukayum avaa adachupoottunnathinumbu saikkil chavittukayum cheythu. oronnum avarude sthalangalile thaddesheeyamaaya vyathyastha samskaarangale prathifalippikkukayum praadeshika vibhavangaludeyum kazhivukaludeyum kaaryatthil labhyamaayavaye valareyadhikam aasrayikkukayum cheythu. pazhaya soukaryangal vrithiyaakkunna samoohangalude shabdacharithrangalum sthreekalkkaayi kidakkakal, vasthrangal, bhakshanam, mattu pradhana vasthukkal enniva sambhavana cheiyunnathinte audiyo charitrangalumundu. niravadhi vadakkan dakota indian sthreekal camp paripaadikalil pankedukkunnathinaayi aadyamaayi reservation upekshichu. oberlin koleju oafees jeevanakkarkkaayi athinte venalkkaala schoolil stenographermaareyum clerical thozhilaallikaleyum swaagatham cheythu. newyork nagaratthile barnard koleju thozhilillaatha unionukal aaya sthreekalkkaayi klaasukal samghadippichu. thekk karutha vargakkaraaya pankaalikal arkkansaasile oru kaarshika collegil padichu. philadelphiyayile vaii. dablyu. sii. eiii 40 sthreekalkku padikkaanum jeevikkanum idam nalki. nyoojezhsiyile thozhilillaatha professional sthreekal prathyekamaayi srishticha oru paripaadiyil pankedutthu. mishiganile vaadakaveettukal thozhilillaatha sthreekalkku veettujolikkulla kazhivukal nalki. oosaarkkukalil sthreekal saaksharata klaasukalil pankedutthu.
vishadaamshangal.
sthreekalkkulla vyakthigatha alavans purushanmaarkkullathin thulyamaayirunnu, camp varkk projaktukalil prathimasam 56-70 manikkoor jolic pakaramaayi vyakthigatha aavasyangalkku prathimasam 5 dollar. sii. sii. sii purushanmaarude alavans pole panamonnum veettilekku ayachilla. venalkkaala hotelukal, upekshikkappetta sisi kyaambukal, ozhinjukidakkunna schoolukal enningane choodu, velicham, shuchithva soukaryangal ulla sthalathaanu kyaambukal sthithicheythirunnathu. vanita camp directormaar, project supervisormaar, staaf adhyapakar, kaunsilarmaar ennivaraayirunnu avar kaikaaryam cheythirunnathu. sharashari campil 100 oolam sthreekal undaayirunnu, paachakakkaarum oru nazhsum ulppede aii. dii. 1 nte supervisory staaf undaayirunnu. chila kyaambukalile phoorast nazhsarikalil jolie cheiyunnathulppede oro entollic camp assainmentukalil nischitha manikkoor jolie nalkiyirunnu. mattullavar kalippaattangalum kalisthala upakaranangalum nirmmikkukayum nannaakkukayum cheythu, chilar pothu skoolukalkkaayi vishwal training aidukal srishtikkunnathil pravarthichu. kazhcha vaikalyamullavar (andharkkaayi kyaambukal undaayirunnu) finished bedd nirmmikkukayo neytha uthppannangal srishtikkaan prakrithidatha vasthukkal upayogikkukayo cheiyumaayirunnu. thayyal upakaranangal sthreekale avarude swantham vasthrangal nirmmikkaan praaptharakki (oru janapriya klaas ozhinja thuni pheed baagukalil ninnu vasthrangal nirmmikkuka ennathaayirunnu) koodaathe unifom aavashyamillaayirunnu. dablyu. pii. eiii. prograamukal vasthrangalum vitharanam cheythu, koodaathe kaannarikal adhyapana sahayikalaayum uthppanna ulppaadanamaayum upayogichu. pothu sthaapanangalkkum mattu dablyu. pii. eiii nazhsing padhathikalkkumaayi leyattukalum ashupatri sandarikalum nirmmichu. moonnu muthal naalu maasam vare neenduninna residential prograaminte avibhaajya gadakamaayirunnu baarakkukal, veettujolikkal, adukkala chumathalakal ennivayude paripalanam, saambathika shaasthrathilum paachakatthilum prabodhanam, ithu veendum rajisttar cheyyaan vidheyamaayirunnilla. thaddesheeya american sthreekalkku vaadaka veedu kandethunnathinayi oru adhika allotment nalkukayum jolic reservation vitta purushanmaarodoppam yaatra cheyyukayum cheythu. thaddesheeya american purushanmarkkaayi maathramaayi kyaambukalonnum sthaapichittilla, athinaal palarum oru kudumba samghamaayi yaatra cheythu. eee samayat karuthavarggakkaar verpirinjirunnuvenkum avarude kyaambukalil athe vidyaabhyaasa avasarangal nalkiyirunnu.
engleesh, muthirnnavarkkulla vidyaabhyaasam, gaarhika shaasthram, shuchithvam, pothujanaarogyam, saambathikashaasthram enniva vidyaabhyaasa padhathiyil ulppedunnu. geyimukal, athlattik malsarangal, malakayatangal, samgeetham, naadaka grouppukal enniva vinoda padhathikalil ulppeduthukayum karakaushala pravartthanangal prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. skoolukalile chila kyaambukalil typing, sekratteriyal klaasukal undaayirunnu. oro entollic 39 dollar veethavum vyakthigatha chelavukalkkayi 5 dollar chelavaakumenn kanakkaakkappettirunnu. bhakshanachelavu (5 dollaril ninnu eduthathu), thamasam, vaidyasahaayam enniva vahikkaan avar pravarthichu. kyaambukal varsham muzhuvanum pravarthippikkukayum niya (deseeya yuvajana bharana) thozhilinulla yogyatha oru aavashyamaayirunnu. (ferra (federal emarjansi releaf administration) niyanthrikkunnathil 1936 ll terrayil ninnu nya chumathalayettu).
1937ll bhawana, abhaya prathisandhi laghookarichappol, vanita paripadi valare chelaveriyathaanennu niya theerumaanikkukayum athu adachupoottukayum cheythu. amgeekritha sthreekalil bhooribhaagavum maandyathinidayil kadinamaaya jeevitam nayikkukayum nagarangalile cheria upajeevanathil ninnu eee chumathalakal aashvaasam kandethukayum cheythu, palarum ccc kyaambukalil jolie cheiyunna yuvakkalumaayi poruthappedunnathinu oorjjaswalathayode outtdoor sweekarikkunnu.
sthreekalkkaayulla shee-shee kyaambukal 1937 october 1 nuu adachu. paripaadiyude chumatala vahichirunna nyaa (deseeya yuvajana bharanakoodam) kyaambukalude lakshyangaleyum aavasyakathayeyum vimarsikkukayum athu valare chelaveriyathaanennu theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. pattiniyudeyum paarppidatthinteyum prathisandhi laghookarichathode sthreekalkkaayulla camp paripadi nyaayeekarikkaanum avasaanippikkaanum kazhinjilla. eleanor rooswelt orikkalum vanita campukalilo purusha campukalilo santhushtaraayirunnilla. sii. sii. siyude sainika vashathe avar thudakkam muthal ethirthuvenkilum sii. sii. siyudeyum mattu puthiya edapaadu paripaadikaludeyum vijayam mattu daaridrya virudha paripaadikalum sthreekendreekrutha samrambhangalum pinthudaraan avare anuvadichu. samrakshanam, aarogya samrakshanam, vidyaabhyaasam, settilment houseukal thudangiya aabhyanthara padhathikalkkaayi samarppikkenda yuvakkalkkum sthreekalkkumulla rund varshathe paripaadiyaayirunnu avarude kaazhchappaad. 1933 avasaanathode, camp terra sthaapithamaayathinushesham, avar prasthaavichirunnu, "oru puthiya saamoohika kramam kettippadukkunnathinnekal aaveshakaramaaya matonnumilla."

