
aadhunika yunaittad stetts naavikasenayude vimaanavaahinikkappal

aadhunika yunaittad stetts naavikasenayude vimaanavaahinikkappal vyomapravarthanangalil yuddha allengil noonn-combatt douthyangalude prakadanatthinaayi oru vimaanavaahinikkappalinathum parisaratthum sthira-wing, rottari vimaanangalude pravartthanam ulppedunnu. 1922 muthalulla anubhavangale adisthaanamaakki vimana pravartthanangal valare vikasichathaanu.
flaitt deck kroo.
oru vimaanavaahinikkappal flaitt deckil, vyoma pravartthanangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil upayogikkunna vyathyastha rolukalkkaayi prathyeka kroovine niyamikkunnu. vyathyastha flaitt deck crewes avarude pravartthanangal drishyaparamaayi verthirichariyaan niramulla jezhsikal dharikkunnu.
flaitt dekkumayi bandhapetta ellaavarkkum oru prathyeka joliyundu, athu addehathinte deck jezhsi, float kottu, helmet ennivayude niram soochippikkunnu. flaitt deck kroo dharikkunna paantsinte maathrkayum raankine soochippikkunnu
oru vishishta sandarshakan (dii. vii) vimaanathil kappalil athumbol, "rainbo sideboymaare koottuka" enna kooll nalkunnu. saadhaaranayaayi oro niratthilulla jezhsiyilum randennam dii. vii. kku adaranjali arppikkunnathinaayi kappalinte praveshana kavaadathinu munnil parasparam ethirvashathu nilkkunnu. niramulla jezhsikalilulla eee naavikare "rainbo sideboy" ennu vilikkunnu.
eyar officer.
eyar booas ennum ariyappedunna eyar officer (minibose enna thante sahaayiyodoppam) hanger deck, flaitt deck, airbone aircraft ennivayulppede vimanangal ulppedunna ellah pravarthanangaludeyum utharavaadithamaanu vahikkunnath. praadhamika flaitt kantrolile (prifly allengil "tower") thante perchil ninnu, addeham thante sahaayiyodoppam, carrier kantrol sonil pravartthikkunna ellah vimaanangaludeyum vishwal niyanthranam (uparithalathilekkum ulppede, carrieril ninnu thirashcheena aaram nirvachichirikkunna vrithaakrithiyilulla paridhikkullil) paripaalikkunnu, koodaathe kantrol sonil pravartthikkaan aagrahikkunna vimanangal praveshikkunnathinu munbu addehathinte amgeekaaram nedanam. eee udyogasthan saadhaaranayaayi oru commanderaanu, saadhaaranayaayi captainilekku sthaanakkayattathinaayi thiranjedukkappedunna muun sii. vii. dablyu schwadron commanderaanu.
oru eyar bosinte saadhaarana working jezhsi niram manjayaanu, ennaal oru eyar booas flaitt deck, hanger bay, eviyeshan fuevals udyogasthar ennivayil jolie cheiyunna ellaavareyum prathinidheekarikkunnathil avan eshtappedunna eathu niratthilulla jezhsiyum dharichekkaam.
kaattapaltt officer.
shootermar ennum ariyappedunna kaattapultt officermaar kammeeshan cheytha offeesarmaaraanu, koodaathe kaattaapulttinte paripaalanatthinteyum pravartthanatthinteyum ellah vashangaludeyum utharavaadithavumundu. deckinu mukaliloode kaatt (dishayum vegathayum) mathiyaakumennum kaattapolttukalkkulla neeravi krameekaranangal strockinte avasaanathil vimaanathin mathiyaya parakkal vegathayundennu urappakkumennum avaa urappaakkunnu. avan allengil aval parannuyarumennu pailattine signal cheiyunnathinum avar utharavaadikalaanu.
aircraft handling officer.
aircraft handler (acho, allengil verum handler) ennum ariyappedunna acho, flaitt, hanger dekkukal ennivaykku chuttum vimaanangalude krameekaranatthinte utharavaadithamaanu. oru punakrameekaranathinu munbu erangaan kazhiyaathavidham niravadhi vimanangal nashtamaaya oru "loock deck" ozhivakkaan handlerk mail kuttam chumathunnu. flaitt deck kantrolil handler pravartthikkunnu, avide flaitt dekkile yadhaartha vimana nilaye prathinideekarikkaan oru flaitt deck praathinidhyatthile skeyil-model vimanam upayogikkunnu.
vimana directormaar.
avarude peru soochippikkunnathu pole, hangerileyum flaitt dekkukalileyum ellah vimana chalanangalum nayikkanulla utharavaaditham aircraft directormaarkkaanu. avar vyomayaana boat veyinukalude koottukaaraanu. avar samsaarabhashayil "karadikal" ennum haangaril jolie cheiyunnavar "hanker elikal" ennum ariyappedunnu. chila vimaanakkambanikalil, flaitt deck officermaar ennariyappedunna kammeeshan cheytha offeesarmaarum aircraft directormaaraayi sevanamanushtikkunnu. flaitt ooppareshan samayatho allengil oru flaitt deck "respot" samayatho, saadhaaranayaayi ekadesham 12-15 manja sharttukal flaitt deckil undaayirikkum, avar nerittu "handlerinu" report cheiyunnu. aircraft directormaare palappozhum vimaanathavalangalil upayogikkunnundengil, vimanangal pathivayi parasparam inch paridhikkullil taxi eedaakkunna parimithamaaya flaitt deck parithasthithiyil avayude pravartthanam prathyekichum nirnaayakamaan, palappozhum kappal urulukayum thaazhekku pitch cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. directormaar manja vasthram dharikkukayum vimanangal nayikkaan sankeernamaaya kaii signalukalude (raathriyil velichamulla manja vaalukal) upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu.
landing signal officer.
landingin thottumunbu sameepanathinte anthima ghattathil vimaanathinte vishwal niyanthranatthinte utharavaadithamulla yogyathayullathum parichayasambannavumaaya pailattaanu landing signal officer (elso). sameepikkunna vimanangal shariyaayi krameekarichirikkunnave elsos urappakkukayum avaa vimaanathinte glidepath angle, uyaram, lineup enniva nireekshikkukayum cheiyunnu. avar landing pailattumaarumaayi voys radio, laitt signalukal ennivayiloode ashayavinimayam nadathunnu.
gear offeesare arast cheiyunnu.
gear ooppareshan, krameekaranangal, landing eriya deck staattas enniva nireekshikkunathinulla utharavaaditham arast cheiyunna gear offeesaraanu (deck onnukil "vyakthavum" vimanam irakkaan thayyaaraan allengil "faul" aanu, landingin thayyaaralla). aircraft landinginte tharatthe adisthaanamaakki arast cheiyunna kebilil vyathyastha prathirodham (bharam krameekaranam) prayogikkaan arast cheiyunna gear enchinukal sajjeekarichirikkunnu.
chaakrika pravartthanangal.
chakra pravartthanangal ennathu vimaanangalude vikshepana, veendedukkal chakrathe grouppukalaayo "cycleukalaayo" soochippikkunnu. vimaanavaahinikkappalukal vimanam vikshepikkunnathum veendedukkunnathum ettavum mikachathaanu, koodaathe chaakrika pravartthanangal yuu. esinte maanadandamaanu.ezz. vimaanavahinikkappalukal. oru manikkoor vare hraswamo allengil oru manikkoor 45 minittum vare dairkhyamullatho aaya cycleukal saadhaaranayaayi ekadesham onnara manikkoor dairkhyamullathaanenkilum asaadhaaranamalla. saikkil ethra cheruthaano athra kuranja vimanangal vikshepikkaano veendedukkaano kazhiyum; saikkil ethratholam dairkhyamulluvo athratholam nirnayakamaaya indhanam vyomayaana vimaanagalkk labikkum.
"evantukal" saadhaaranayaayi ekadesham <aii. dii. 1> vimanangal chernnathaanu, 24 manikkoor parakkunna divasathiludaneelam avaa thudarchayaayi ennappedunnu. flaitt ooppareshanukalkku munbu, flaitt dekkile vimanangal krameekarichirikkunnu ("spott"), athinaal ivant 1 vimanam aarambhich parishodhichukazhinjaal kaattaapolttukalilekk eluppathil taxi cheyyaan kazhiyum. ivant 1 vimanam vikshepichukazhinjaal (saadhaaranayaayi ekadesham 15 minitt edukkum), ivant 2 vimanam ekadesham oru manikkoorin sesham vikshepanathinu thayyarakum (upayogathilulla saikkil samayathe adisthaanamaakki). eee vimaanangalellam vikshepikkunnathu flaitt deckil pinneedu land vimaanagalkk idam nalkunnu. ivant 2 vimanam vikshepichukazhinjaal, ivant 1 vimanam veendedukkukayum indhanam nalkukayum punaraayudhamaakkukayum punarnirmmikkukayum ivant 3-naayi upayogikkaan thayyarakukayum cheiyunnu. ivant 3 vimanam vikshepippikkukayum thudarnnu ivant 2 vimanam veendedukkukayum cheiyunnu (parakkunna divasam muzhuvan). divasathinte avasaanathe veendedukkalinu sesham, ellah vimaanangalum saadhaaranayaayi villil sookshikkunnu (kaaranam avasana vimanam erangunnathu vare pinbhaagathe landing eriya vyakthamaayi sookshikkendathundu). pittennu raavile aadya vikshepanathinaayi avar flaitt dekkinekkurichu prathikarikkunnu.
purappedunnathinteyum veendedukkal pravarthanangaludeyum vargeekaranam.
puratthekkum veendedukkal pravarthanangaleyum kalavastha saahacharyangalkkanusarich cases I, cases II, allengil cases III enningane tharamthirickunnu.
pravartthanangal aarambikkuka.
vikshepanathinu munbu.
vikshepana samayathinu ekadesham 45 minitt munbu, flaitt kroo nadattham-roundukalum manushyane niyogicha vimaanangalum nadathunnu. vikshepanathinu ekadesham 30 minitt munbu, preflight parisodhanakal nadathukayum vimana enchinukal aarambikkukayum cheiyunnu. vikshepanathinu ekadesham 15 minitt munbu, ready aircraftukal avayude paarkk cheythirikkunna sthaanangalil ninnu taxi cheyyukayum kaattaapolttukalil allengil thottupinnilaayi kandethukayum cheiyunnu. vikshepanathe sahaayikkunnathin, kappal swaabhaavika kaattayi maarunnu. oru vimanam kaattapulttil taxi cheiyunnathinaal, chirakukal vyaapippikkukayum enchin exhostinu pinnilulla flaitt deckil ninnu oru valia jettu blaast deflector paanal uyarukayum cheiyunnu. avasana kaattapultt hookuppin munbu, avasana checkermar (inspectormaar) vimaanathinte anthima baahya parisodhanakal nadathukayum looad cheytha aayudangal oordanansmaar aayudhangalaakkukayum cheiyunnu.
kaattapultt vikshepanam.
vimaanathinte mookk landing gearinte munvashath gadippichirikkunna aircraft lonch baar catapult shuttle (flaitt deckinu thaazheyulla catapult gearil gadippichirikkunna) sthaapichaanu catapult hook upp poortthiyaakkunnathu. oru adhika baar, holdback, nose landing gearinte pinbhaagathu ninnu carrier dekkilekku bandhippichirikkunnu. kaattapultt firinginu munbu vimanam munnott neengunnathil ninnu holdback baar vimaanathe thadayunnu, neeravi marddam vimaanathinte nirddishta holdbackinte munkootty nischayicha looad krameekaranatthe kaviyunnillengil oru vikshepanam sambhavikkillenn urappaakkunnu. vikshepanathinulla anthima thayyaareduppil, kaii/prakasha signalukal soochippikkunna sambhavangalude oru parambara athivegam thudarchayaayi sambhavikkunnu 
kaattapultt theepidichukazhinjaal, shuttle athivegam munnott neengumbol hold-back swathanthramaayi thakarukayum vikshepana baariloode vimaanathe valichidukayum cheiyunnu. vimanam poojyathil ninnu (carrier dekkumayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol) ekadesham 2 secondinullil vegatha vardhippikkunnu. saadhaaranayaayi kaatt (swaabhaavikamo kappal chalanamo srishtikkappedunnu) flaitt deckinu mukaliloode veeshunnu, ithu vimaanathin adhika liftt nalkunnu.
vikshepanathinu sesham.
vikshepanathinushesham upayogikkunna nadapadikramangal kalavastha, paaristhithika saahacharyangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu. purappedunnathinte praadhamika utharavaaditham pailattinaanu; ennirunnaalum, kaalavastha anusarichu nirnnayikkappedumbol ulppede kappalinte purappedunna niyanthrana radar oopparettarmaaraanu upadeshaka niyanthranam nalkunnathu.
vikshepanathinu munbulla deck sthaanathe adisthaanamaakki vimanangal palappozhum carrieril ninnu kramarahithamaya kramathilaanu vikshepikkunnathu. athinaal, ore dauthyathil orumichu pravartthikkunna vimanangal aakaashat koodicheranam. munkootty nischayicha sthalathaanu ithu cheiyunnathu, saadhaaranayaayi inn-flaitt indhanam niraykkunna tankerilo carrierinu mukaliloo allengil vazhiyile sthalatho aanu. shariyaayi sajjeekarichirikkunna eph/eiii-18iii/eph suuppar hornattukal "oorgaanik" indhanam niraykkunnu, allengil yuu.ezz. vyomasenayude (allengil mattu raajyangalude) tankerukal "ajaiva" tanking nalkunnu. koodikkaazhcha/tanking ennivaykku sesham, vimanam douthyathilekku neengunnu.
veendedukkal pravartthanangal.
kaariyarinte radar kavarejinullile ellah vimaanangalum (saadhaaranayaayi noorukanakkinu mile) track cheyyukayum nireekshikkukayum cheiyunnu. vimanangal carrier kantrol eriyayil praveshikkumbol, avaykku chuttum kooduthal sookshumaparishodhana nalkunnu. airving vimanangal thiricharinjukazhinjaal, marshell paattenilekk kooduthal clearancinaayi avaa saadhaaranayaayi marshell kantrolinu kaimarunnu.
purappedunnathupole, veendedukkalinte tharam kalavastha saahacharyangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu
oru vimanam kappalil athumbol valareyadhikam (aaril kooduthal) vimanangal landing paattenil undengil, flaitt leader oru "spin" aarambikkukayum cheruthaayi mukalilekku kayarukayum kappalinullil 360 digri thiriyukayum cheiyunnu.
180° tiriyunna oru levalaanu break, kaattuveeshumbol thaazhekku veezhunnu. landing gear/flaappukal thaazhthukayum landing parisodhanakal poortthiyaakkukayum cheiyunnu. kaattuveeshumbol landing eriya abeem (nerittu vinyasikkappedumbol) cheyyumbol, vimanam kappalinte kozhsil ninnu 180° aanu, kappalil ninnu 180° aanu, ithu "180" ennariyappedunna oru sthaanamaanu (angled flaitt deck kaaranam, ithu yadhaarthathil 190° nuu aduthaanu eee ghattathil aavashyamaaya thiriv). pailat thante oozham finalilekku aarambikkukayum ore samayam soumyamaaya oru irakkam aarambikkukayum cheiyunnu. 90" enna samayat vimanam kappalil ninnu ekadesham 90 digri thiriyunnu. pailattinte avasana chekkpoyint kappalinte unarvu kadakkunnu, aaa samayat vimanam avasana landingine sameepikkanam. eee ghattathil, landinginte terminal bhaagathinu upayogikkunna opttikkal landing samvidaanam pailat ettedukkunnu. eee samayat, pailattinte muzhuvan shradhayum sariyaaya glideslope, lineup, aakramana koonn enniva touchdown cheiyunnathuvare nilanirthunnathil neekkivachirikkunnu.
landing eriya centerlinil varii nirnnaayakamaan, kaaranam ithinu veethi maathrameyulloo, koodaathe vimanangal palappozhum iruvashathum ninnu eathaanum adikkullil paarkk cheiyunnu. landing eriyayude vashangalil varacha "ladder lineukal" upayogichum centerline/drope line upayogichum (graphik kaanuka) ithu drishyaparamaayi poortthiyaakkunnu.
flaitt leedezhs purathu cases-III sameepanam nadapadikramangal pinthudarunnu. kappal 10 enn. emm. aii. yill kaanumbol, vimanangal tower niyanthranathilekku maattukayum, athaayath, munnott pookukayum cheiyunnu.
ellah vimaanangalum oru marshell fixil, saadhaaranayaayi kappalinte bays recovery kozhsil ninnu 150 digri akale, savisheshamaaya doorathilum uyarathilum kaivasham vaykkunnu. idathu kaii, 6 minitt (oval) rays track paatten aanu holding paatten. oro pailattum nischitha samayat maarshaline krithyamaayi vittupokaan thante holding paatten krameekarikkunnu. marshell purappedunna vimanangal saadhaaranayaayi oru minittinakam verthirikkappedunnu. aavashyamenkil, sariyaaya verthiriv urappaakkunnathin kappalinte carrier eyar traaphik kantrol sentar krameekaranangal nirddeshichekkaam. vimaanangalude sariyaaya verthiriv nilanirthunnathinu, paaraamettarukal krithyamaayi paratthanam. vimanam thaazhekku erangunnathu vare, oru uyarathilethunnathuvare, erangunnathu kuraykkumbol. kappalil ninnu 10 enn. emm. aii. yill oru landing konfigareshanilekku (chakrangal/flaappukal) vimanam maarunnu. avasana bairingle ninnu (kappalilekkulla kozhs) 10° ll kooduthal akale staakk pidichuvekkukayaanenkil, appol pailat arck cheyyum, thudarnnu aaa avasana bairing thadassappeduthukayum cheyyum.
landing eriya kappalinte achuthandil ninnu ekadesham 10 digri konilaayathinaal, vimaanathinte anthima sameepanam (anthima bairing) kappalinte thalayekkaal (bays recovery kozhs) ekadesham 10 digri kuravaanu. oru arck illaathe staanderd sameepanathilulla vimaanagalkk (sivi-1 ennu vilikkunnu) ippozhum marshell radialil ninnu avasana bairingilekku sariyaakkendathundu, atharam sandarbhangalil ithu cheiyunnu. kappal vellathiloode neengumbol, anthima bairingle thudarunnathinulla avakaashathil vimanam thudarchayaayi cheria thiruthalukal varuthanam. aapekshika kaatt (swaabhaavika kaattum kappalinte chalanavum srishtikkunna kaattum) nerittu angle dekkilekku pogunnathino thadassangal ozhivaakkunnathino kappal kozhs thiruthal nadathukayaanenkil-madhyarekhayilekkulla varii sariyaakkanam. kappalil ninnu vimanam ethratholam munnott pookunnu, athratholam valia thiruthal aavasyamaanu.
vimanam landing konfigareshanil uyarathil fixiniloode kadannupokukayum anthima sameepana vegathayilekku mandagathiyilaakkaan thudangukayum cheiyunnu. vimanangal take daun cheiyunnathuvare kramena (allengil 3-4 digri) erangaan thudangunnu. landing drishyaparamaayi poortthiyaakkaan (kappalin pinnil) krithyamaayi athunnathinu, niravadhi upakarana samvidaanangal/nadapadikramangal upayogikkunnu. pailat opttikkal landing aydukalumaayi vishwal kondaakt nediyukazhinjaal, pailat "panthu vilikkum". rogger booal" kooll upayogichu anthima landing clearance nalkunna ell. ezz. oo. aanu niyanthranam ettedukkunnathu. mattu samvidaanangal labhyamallaathappol, anthima sameepanathilulla vimanangal dooram/uyaram chekkposttukal upayogichu (udha.jii., attu, attu, attu, attu, attu dhaa "booal" kooll).
sameepanam.
kappalinte krithyathayulla sameepana radar upayogichu karasthamaakkiya sameepanathin samaanamaan carrier niyantritha sameepanam. glydeslopumaayum avasana bairingumaayum (udha.jii., glideslopin mukalil, madhyarekhayude valath"). pailat pinneedu oru thiruthal nadathukayum kantrolaril ninnu kooduthal vivarangalkkayi kaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu.
instrument carrier landing sisttam (aii. sii. ell. ezz) sivilian instrument landing sistangalumaayi valare saamyamullathaan, ithu phalatthil ellah cases-III sameepanagalilum upayogikkunnu. glydeslopumaayum avasana bairingumaayum bandhappett vimaanathinte sthaanam soochippikkunna oru "bulsai" pailattinaayi pradharshippichirikkunnu. glydeslopumaayum avasana bairingumaayum bandhappett vimaanathinte sthaanam soochippikkunna "soochikal" pradarshippikkunna automatic carrier landing sisttam aii. sii. elsinu samaanamaan. eee samvidaanam upayogikkunna oru sameepanam "mooad II" sameepanamaanennu parayappedunnu. koodaathe, chila vimaanagalkk avarude oottoo pailattukale kappalil ninnulla dattaa link vazhi labhikkuna glideslope/asimat signalukalumaayi "bandhippikkaan" kazhiyum, ithu "hands-oof" sameepanam anuvadikkunnu. pailat touchdown cheiyunnathuvare oottoo pailattine bandhippichittundel, ithine "mooad aii" sameepanam ennu vilikkunnu. vishwal aproach pooyint (attu) vare pailat oru dambathikale nilanirthukayaanenkil ithine "mooad iaa" sameepanam ennu vilikkunnu.
deerghadoora lazer lineup sisttam (ells) pailattumaarkk centerlineumaayi bandhappett avarude lainappinekkurichu oru drishya soochana nalkunnathinu kappalinte pinbhaagathu project cheytha aii-saphe laserukal upayogikkunnu. landing eriya chuttum kaanaan kazhiyunnathuvare 10 enmi vare ells saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu.
cases recovery allengil sameepanam tharam pariganikkathe, landinginte avasana bhagam (touchdownilekku) drishyaparamaayi paratthunnu. landing eriyayude madhyabhaagathu laitt lineukal line cheyth flaitt dekkinte pinbhaagathu ninnu oru koottam laittukal pathippichaanu landing eriyayumaayi lineup cheiyunnathu. fresnell lense opttikkal landing sisttam (flolukal), mechappetta flolukal allengil maanuvalayi pravartthikkunna ols enniva upayogichu opttikkal landing sisttam ("meetbol") upayogichaanu sariyaaya glideslope paripaalikkunnath.
oru vimanam sameepanam pinvalikkukayo (udaaharanathinu, landing eriya vyakthamalla) allengil elso (mosham paaraamettarukal allengil fould deck) kondu chalippikkukayo allengil ellah arast vayarukalum ("bolterukal") nashtappedutthukayo cheythaal, pailat nere mukalilekku kayarukayum sameepanam niyanthranatthil ninnulla nirddeshangalkkaayi kaathirikkukayum cheiyunnu.
landing.
vimaanathinte krameekaranatthe aashrayich randaamatheyo moonnaamatheyo madhyathilulla arast cheiyunna vayaraan pailat lakshyamidunnathu. touchdownil, throttilukal moonnu secondinaayi sainika/poornna shakthiyilekku vikasippikkunnu. oru boulter (ellah vayarukalum nashtappettu, chuttum) sambhavikkumbozho cable snappinginte saadhyathayillaatha sambhavathilo polum enchinukal spool cheiyunnathinum thrastt nalkunnathinum vendiyaanu ithu cheiyunnathu. pinneedu, throttles nishkriyamaayi kuraykkukayum aircraft directorude signalil hook uyarthukayum cheiyunnu. tailhook taargett vayar (allengil cross deck pendant) pidikkunnu, ithu ekadesham rund secondinullil vimaanathe sameepikkunna vegathayil ninnu phul stoppilekku pettennu mandagathiyilaakkunnu.
adutha landinginulla thayyaareduppinaayi landing eriya vrithiyaakkaan aircraft director vimaanathin nirddesham nalkunnu. bakkiyulla aayudangal niraayudheekarikkukayum chirakukal madakkukayum vimanangal parking sthalangalilekku taxi cheyyukayum adachupoottukayum cheiyunnu. adachupoottunna udan thanne (allengil chilappol athinumumbu), vimanam indhanam niraykkukayum punarnirmmikkukayum parisodhikkukayum cheiyunnu; cheria attakuttappanikal nadathukayum adutha vikshepana chakratthinu munbu palappozhum punarnirmmikkukayum cheiyunnu.
carrier yogyathakal.
sthira-wing, carrier adhishtitha vimanangal pravarthippikkunnathi bandhapetta adisthaana kazhivukal vikasippikkunnathinum yogyathaykku aavashyamaaya sveekaaryamaaya praaveenyam prakadippikkunnathinum pailattumaarkk oru samarppita avasaram nalkuka ennathaanu carrier yogyathakalude (sii. kyu) uddeshyam. sii. kyu samayat, saadhaaranayaayi chaakrika pravartthanangale apekshichu valare kurachu vimanangal maathrame flaitt deckil undaakoo. ithu vimaanangalude oresamayam vikshepanathinum veendedukkalinum valare eluppamaakkunnu. arakkett kaattappolttukal (landing eriyayil sthithicheyyunnu) saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnilla. vikshepanathinaayi vimaanathe udan thanne oru boow kaattaapaltilekku keniyil pedutthaanum taxi cheyyaanum kazhiyum.
tharangalum aavasyangalum.
puthiya pailattumarkkum parichayasambannaraaya pailattumarkkum idaykkide carrier landing currency nedunnathinum paripalikkunnathinum sii. kyu nadathunnu. pailattinte anubhavavum avasaanamaayi arast cheytha landingin sheshamulla samayadairkhyavum adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu aavasyakathakal (aavashyamaaya landingukalude ennam/touch-aandu-goo). sivilian pailattumaarkk yogyatha labikkum; 1964ll lockheed yuu-2 upayogichaanu sii. aii. eiii pailattumaar angane cheythath.

