
suuppar maraine aakramanakaari

royal neviyude fleet eyar aam (efaa) naayi vimana nirmmaathaakkalaaya supermerine roopakalppana cheyth nirmmikkunna oru britiish single seett neval jettu faittaraanu supermerine aakramanakaari. eph. eiii. eiii. yumayi pravartthana sevanathilekku praveshicha aadyathe jettu faittar enna prathyekatha eee tharatthinu undu.
naavikasenayude sevanathilekku jettu vimanangal athivegam avatharippikkunnathinaayi, supermerine avarude ettavum noothanamaaya pisttan power designaaya supermerine vidveshapoorithamaaya rolls-roys nene enchininu oru puthiya fuselage upayogichu poruthappedutthaan nirddeshichu. 1946 juulai 27 nuu athinte kanni parakkal nadatthiya vikasanathinte flaitt testing ghattam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathil budhimuttukal ulppede niravadhi prasnangal kaaranam neenduninnu. 1951 augustil aadyathe aakramanakaarikale eph. eiii. eiii. sarveesil parichayappedutthi.
aadya thalamurayile bhooribhaagam jettu yudhavimaanangalkkum saadhaaranamaaya aakramanakaarikk pakaram vaykkunnathinu munbu thaarathamyena hrasvamaaya sevana jeevithamundaayirunnu; 1950 kalilum 1960 kalilum jettu enchin upayogikkunna vipulamaaya vimanangal athivegam vikasippichathaan ithinu kaaranam. 1954ll eph. eiii. eiii viramichenkilum, athu avatharippichu moonnu varshathinu sesham, aakramanakaariye puthuthayi roopeekaricha paakistaan vyomasena dathedukkukayum, avar 1964 vare eee tharam pravartthanam thudarukayum cheythu.
vikasanam.
uthbhavam.
royal eyar fozhsinu (raaf) vendi nadatthiya yudhakaala yudhavimaana padhathiyil ninnaan aakramanakaariyude uthbhavam kandethunnathu. 1944 ll vyoma mantraalayam purappeduvicha specification <aii. dii. 1> (pareekshanaathmakamaayi "iii" nilakollunnu) prakaram roopakalppanayude pala pradhana savisheshathakalum prakadana aavashyakathakalum nischayichirunnu, ithu oru laminar phloo wing orotta jettu enchinum nalkia oru jettu faittar vikasippikkanamenn aavasyappettirunnu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, britiish vimana nirmmaathaakkalaaya supermerine svanthamaayi oru samarppikkal nirmmikkaan theerumaanichu, athil oru puthiya fuselage roopakalppana cheiyunnathu ulppedunnu, rolls-roys nene turbojet enchininu vaayusanjaaram nalkunnathinaayi vibhajicha intekkukal poortthiyaakkunnu. supermerine spittfayarinu pakaram vaykkaan uddeshichulla pisttan enchin yudhavimaanamaaya supermerine spittafullinaayi roopakalppana cheytha munkootty nilaninnirunna laminar phloo strait vingukalumaayi eee fuselage inacherthirunnu. roopakalppanaye audyogikamaayi "aakramanakaari" ennu vilikkunnathinu munbu, vimaanathe yadhaarthathil "jettu vidvesham" ennu vilichirunnu.
yadhaarthathil uddeshichathupole, aakramana paripadi raaf sajjeekarikkunnathin oru idakkaala jettu faittar nalkendathaayirunnu, athesamayam mattoru vimanamaaya glosttar e.1/44, athe rolls-roys nene enchin upayogichu pravarthippikkukayum vikasanam poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. 1944 august 30 nuu, supermerine upayogichu moonnu prototyppukalkkulla oordar nalki; randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum prototypeukal naavikavalkkarikkanamenn vyavastha cheythu. 1945 juulai 7 nuu, raafinu aarr vimaanangalum fleet eyar aam (efaa) kku backie 18 vimaanangalum ulppede 24 pree-production vimaanagalkk fooloo-oonn oordar nalki.
vidveshapoorithamaaya prototypile prasnangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathu jettu power pathippinte purogathi vaikippikkukayum 24 nte pree-production oordar nirthalaakkunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum moonnu prototypeukalude pravartthanangal thudarnnu. kaalathamasam kaaranam, eph. eiii. eiii pakaram 18 dii havilland vampire emm. keey. yude oru baachu vaangi. jettu vimaanathil anubhavam nedunnathinaayi 20 kall. jettu vidveshaparavum <aii. dii. 1> umm vilayiruthiya sesham, raafinte aadyathe rund pravarthanakshamamaaya jettu vimaanangalaaya glosttar mettiyor, dii havilland vampire thudangiya samakaalika poraalikale apekshichu rund vimaanangalum prakadamaaya prakadana nettam nalkaathathinaal rund designukalum nirasikkaan raaf theerumaanichu.
parakkalil.
raaf design nirasichathinethudarnnu, padhathiyude naavikavalkkaricha pathipp vikasippikkanulla oofarumaayi navikasena sameepikkaan supermerine theerumaanichu. 1946 juulai 27 nuu testt pailat jephri kwill prototype type 392 seeriyal nambar "ts 409" enna karaa-adhishtitha pathipp upayogichu itharathilulla kanni parakkal nadatthi. vimaanangalude uthppaadanathinaayi vyoma mantraalayam prathyekathakal <aii. dii. 1> purappeduvichu; athinte vividha aavasyangal niravettunnathinu parishkaricha phiin, tailplane krameekaranavum vardhicha aantharika indhana seshiyum ulppede roopakalppanayil vipulamaaya mattangal varuthendathundu. athanusarichu, oru valia baahya ventral indhana tank vipuleekaricha dorsal phiin, madakkikkalayunna chirakukal ennivayum sweekarichu.
muun raaf chilboltonile supermaraininte puthuthayi srishticha pareekshana sthaapanathilaanu flaitt testing pradhaanamaayum nadathiyathu. aakramanakaariykk niravadhi poraaymakalundaayirunnu, athilonnu oru mookk-chakra andarkarejinu pakaram vidveshakaramaaya teyil-wheel andarkarej upayogichirunnu, ithu aakramanakaariye oru vimaanavahinikkappalil irakkaan valare budhimuttilaakki. vyomayaana rachayithaav bill gansttan parayunnathanusarichu, eee teyil-dragger andarkarej ardhamaakkunnathu, pullu airfieldukalil ninnu pravartthikkumbol, jettu exhost "moonnu perkku kidakkaan kazhiyunna" nilathu oru neenda romamundaakkum ennaanu. ennirunnaalum, vyomayaana aanukaalika parakkal anusarichu, pollalettatho uzhuthumarichatho aaya uparithalangal, pullu polum, athishayokthiparamaayirunnu. pareekshanathmakamaaya hinkel hii 178, niravadhi aadyakaala messershmit mii 262 vimaanangalilum upayogichirunna atharam andarkarej sajjeekarichirikkunna eaka jettu vimaanamo aadya jettu vimaanamo aakramanakaari aayirunnilla. vikkezhs-suuppar maraine cheef designer shree. jeey. teyil-dragger andarkarejinte prakadanam sveekaaryamaanennu parisodhana saakshyappeduthiyathaayi smith avakashappettu.
1947 juun 17 nuu, aadyathe naavikavalkkarikkappett prototype, type 398 "ts413", athinte aadya parakkal nadatthi, testt pailat mike litgo paratthi; ulkkashila athinte aadya parakkal nadatthi naalu varshathinu sheshamaan ithu sambhavichathu. 1949 novemberil eph. eiii. eiii. kku vendi ulppaadana oordarukal suuppar maraine sweekarichu. 1950 meyy 5 nuu, "aakramanakaari eph. 1" ennu perittirikkunna vimaanathinte aadya ulppaadana vakabhedam athinte aadya parakkal nadatthi; oru varshathinu sesham, itharathilulla delivarikal aarambhichu.
design.
eph. eiii. eiii. sevanathilekku avatharippicha aadyathe jettu power vimanamaaya naavikavalkkaricha jettu-propeled yudhavimaanamaayirunnu supermerine aakramanakaari. raafinte yudhakaala aavasyakathaykku anusrithamaayi roopakalppana cheythirunnenkilum, 1950 kalude arambham vare ithu avatharippikkappettil, aathyanthikamayi vimaanavaahinikkappalukal upayogikkunnathinaayi ithu vikasippicheduthu. oru jettu vimaanathe sambandhichidatholam, aakramanakaariyude roopakalppana asaadhaaranamaayirunnu, eratta teyilveelukalulla teyil-dragger andarkarej athupole thanne answept wing undaayirunnu. vidveshamullavarude niyanthranangale adisthaanamaakki vimana niyanthranangal thaarathamyena parambaraagathamaayirunnu. kokkpittinte munvashathe sthaanam mikacha sveekaaryatha nedukayum pailattin asaadhaaranamaaya nalla kazhcha nalkukayum cheythu.
aakramanakaarikk thaarathamyena sakthamaaya gadanayundaayirunnu, hevi-gej metteeriyalukal, pradhaanamaayum aluminium aloy, stressed-skin nirmmaanathinaayi upayogikkukayum 24 aduthulla stringerukalum formerukalum pinthunaykkukayum cheythu. mookkinu asaadhaaranamaaya "lobsttar-kloo" gadanayundaayirunnu, mukalil thaazheyum kattiyulla laminated aluminium-aloy sheett ulkkollunnu, karsanamaaya amgangalonnumilla; ithu pailattin kavacham samrakshanam nalkukayum sammarda bharangal vahikkukayum cheythu. oru thokku camerayo baalasto ulkkollaan mookkinte attam verthirichedukkaavunna tharatthilaayirunnu; ithinum kokkpittinum idayil oru avionics bay undaayirunnu. kokkpittinte pinbhaagathu semi-monocock fueval tank thudarnnu enchin beyum undaayirunnu.
aerodynamicsinte kaaryatthil, aakramanakaari nannayi kaaryakshamamaayirunnu, "mattethoru yudhavimaanathekkaalum thikanja" ennu parakkal visheshippikkunnu. fuselage nerrekhakalillaathe thudarchayaayi valanjirunnu. chirakinte chila laminar phloo swabhaavasavisheshathakal ulla aakruthiyilulla ithinu faired kokkpitt melappy kokkpittinte iruvashathumulla enchin eyar intekkum maathrame thadassappeduthiyulloo. intekkukal munvashathe fuselage athirthi paali enchinil praveshikkunnathu thadayunnathinaayi vazhithirichuvittu; diverterukal faired-ovar cheytha pareekshanangal thrastt ulppedeyulla enchin prakadanam kurachu.
valia aakramanakaariyumaayi poruthappedunnathinu cheruthaayi valuthakkiyathozhichaal, vinginte roopakalppana vidveshathil ninnu valia thothil maattamillathe aayirunnu. pinnil bhaagathulla splitt flaappukalum sloated ileronukalum vaidyuthiyil pravartthikkunna trim taabukalum ithu upayogichu. oru pradhana sparum oru sahaaya sparum ullathinaal, sentar sekshan illaathathinaal chirakukal stub sparr boommukalilekku nerittu boult cheythu. kaattil ninnulla turanka parisodhanakalil ninnu pravachikkapetta laminar ozhukk nedaanulla shramathil puram charmmangal flush-rivett cheyyukayum ganyamaaya shradhayode nirmmikkukayum cheythu. aakramanakaariye shathruthayude paramavadhi vegatha manikkooril 100 mylil kooduthal kavian praapthanaakkiyath laminar-phloo vingaanenn parakkal parayunnu. ennirunnaalum, aakramanakaariyude chirak spittfayarinte yadhaartha deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla chirakinekkaal aerodynamicamaayi thaazhnnathaanennum kuranja critical mack nambar polulla prathikoola swabhaavasavisheshathakalundenum mattu reportukal avakaashappedunnu.
orotta rolls-roys nene emm. keey. yaanu aakramanakaariyude karuth. 101 turbojet enchin; akkaalat, 5,000 poundu oorjjamulla lokathile ettavum sakthamaaya jettu enchinaanu nene. enchin oru kanatha boxes-sekshan pinn sparr frame pinthunaykkunnu, athu pradhana spaarilekk munnilum pinnilum braze cheythirikkunnu. jettu-pipe thaarathamyena neelamullathinaal, jettu-pipe anurananakalum amithamaya turbine thapanilayum thadayaan enchin aarambhikkumbol oru maanuvalayi pravartthikkunna variable exhost outlettu upayogichu. upabhogathinu chuttumulla baahya charmmathinu aarambikkunna samayat sammarddam niyantrikkaan niravadhi louverukal undaayirunnu; aarambhichathinusesham enchin bay adaykkunnathinu avaa yaanthrikamaayi adaykkunnu. enchin beyil pailat pravartthikkunna agnishamana samvidaanam ulppeduthi. oru automatic indhana kaimatta samvidaanam yadhaarthathil ulppeduthiyittille, prarambha prototaippukalumaayulla anubhavam athinte samyojanathilekku nayichu.
aayudhangalude kaaryatthil, akramanakaariyaaya eph. 1 nuu naalu 20 emm (. 79 inch) hispano emke undaayirunnu. vii peeranki; akkaalat, ithu oru munnira raaf faittarinte saadhaarana aayudhamaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. electronic reethiyil pravartthikkunna maxifiax-staar unitukal upayogichaanu eee peerankikal prayogichathu. inboard peerankikku paramavadhi 167 raundu vedikkoppukal veethavum outboard peerankikku 145 raundu veethavum undaayirunnu. baahya storukalil rund 1,000 poundu bombukaloo naalu 300 poundu rokkattukaloo ulppedunnu.
pravartthana charithram.
brittan.
1951 augustil, aakramanakaari eph. eiii. eiii. yumayi pravartthana sevanathil praveshichu; ulppaadana vimanam sweekaricha aadyathe schwadron aarr. enn. eiii foord aasthaanamaayulla 800 naavika vyoma schwadranaayirunnu. aakramanakaari eph. 1 avatharippichathinethudar, vimaanathinte rund vakabhedangal koodi vikasippikkukayum eph. eiii. eiii. kku vendi nirmmikkukayum cheythu. aakramanakaari efby 1" oru yudhavimaana bombaraayirunnu, athu yadhaartha eph 1 modalil ninnu alpam vyathyasthamaayirunnu, athu oru graundu attaakk vimaanamaayi pravartthikkumennu pratheekshichirunnu. moonnaamatheyum avasaanatheyum vakabhedam "aakramanakaari efby 2" aayirunnu, ithu athinte ghadanayil vividha parishkkaranangalkkoppam kooduthal kazhivulla nene enchin model nalki. eee maathrkayil, supermerine aakramanakaariye motham ettu underving haard pooyintukal nalkiyirunnu, avaykku 1,000 poundu (454 kilogram) bombukaloo paramavadhi ettu unguided rokkattukaloo vahikkaan kazhiyum.
eph. eiii. eiii. sweekarikkunna moonnu vakabhedangaliludaneelam, motham 146 production aakramanakaarikale sevanathilekku ethikkum. efaaumaayi thaarathamyena hrasvamaaya oru currier undaayirunnu, 1954 ll phastt-line sarveesil ninnu ozhivaakkappettathum efaaumaayulla sevana jeevithathil oru nadapadiyum kaanaathathumaaya athinte vakabhedangalonnum. munnira schwadronukalil eee tharam hocker zee hoock, dii havilland zee veenam ennivayulppede onniladhikam kazhivulla jettu-propuld faittarukalaal maattisthaapichu. thudarnnulla niravadhi varshangalil, aakramanakaari royal neval volunteer reservinte (rnvr) schwadronukalil sevanamanushtichu, eee tharam oduvil 1957 nte thudakkathil reserve sarveesil ninnu neekkam cheyyappettu.
pakistan.
1950-kalude thudakkathil, royal paakistaan airfozhs (aarr. pii. eiii. eph) (pinneedu paakistaan airfozhs (pii. eiii. eph)) thangalude aadyathe jettu-power vimanam vaangaan shramichu. britiish vitharanakkaar cheluthiya saambathikakkuravum rashtreeya sammarddavum chernnu aakramanakaariyude oru vakabhedamaaya "type 538" swanthamaakkaan sevanathe prerippichu, ithu adisthaanaparamaayi eph. eiii. eiii upayogicha vimaanathinte "dii-navalised" vakabhedamaayirunnu.
1951ll paakkisthaan aadyathe aakramanakaarikale labhichu, oduvil delivarikal 36 yoonittilethi. oru schwadronil maathrame eee vimanangal undaayirunnulloo, oru interceptar yoonit, nambar. 11 schwadronukalum aakramanakaarikalum paafinte aadyathe eriyal display teamaaya "pables" sajjeekarikkunnu. nambar. 11 schwadronukalude aakramanakaarikal ezhu varshatholam pravarthanakshamamaayi thudarnnu, avasaanathe udaaharanagal 1956 ll vadakke american eph-86eph saabarukal upayogichu sevanathil ninnu pinvalichu. aakramanakaarikal 1958 vare audyogikamaayi paakistaan sarveesil thudarnnenkilum aakramanakaarikale 1964 vare paff upayogichirunnathaayi chila srothassukal avakaashappedunnu.
athijeevicha vimanam.
1956ll sarveesil ninnu viramichathinusesham, aakramanakaariyude eph. 1 seeriyal nambaraaya "dablyu. eiii 473" aarr. enn. eiii. ezz. abotsinchinte gettil pradharshippichu. 1951 joolaiyil vaas southu maarsttan faaktariyil poortthiyaakkiya ithu 702,736 naavika schwadronukalumaayi pravarthichirunnu. 1961 avasaanathode ithu yukeyile somersettile fleet eyar aam myoosiyathilekk maatti.