
menopheren kwari

north veyilsile blainow festiniyog pattanatthile oru pradhana slate kwariyum festiniyog reyilveyude pradhana upayokthaakkalil oraalumaan mainopheren kwari (mainopheren kwari ennum ariyappedunnu). aduthulla letchwed kwaariyude udamasthathayil parimithamaaya thothil podicha slate uthppaadippikkunnathu thudarunnu. 
charithram.
1800 nuu thottupinnaale aduthulla difvis kwaariyil ninnulla purushanmaaraan menopheren aadyamaayi slettinaayi nirmmichathu. 1848 aayappozhekkum festiniyog railway vazhi slate kayatti ayaykkappettu, pakshe 1850 ll reyilveyile gathagatham nirtthi. 1857 ll gathagatham hrasvamaayi punaraarambhichu, 1865 ll oru vidavu koodaathe, railway vazhi slettinte sthiramaaya ozhukk ayachu. eee sthalathe prarambha kwari david johns kwari ennariyappettirunnu, ithu vipulamaaya menopheren complexaayi maariyathil ettavum uyarameriyathum kizhakkullathumaayirunnu.
1861ll menopheren slate kwari kambani. ell. tii. dii. sarr vilyam fothergil kukum misttar misttarum chernnaanu ithu samyojippichathu. vessie. aaa varsham kwari ekadesham 400 tonn slate uthpaadippichu. 1862ll kambani porthmaadogil oru warf paattatthinu edukkukayum adutha varsham 181 tonn finished slate festiniyog reyilveyiloode kayatti ayaykkukayum cheythu.
pathonpathaam noottaandil kwari abhivridhippedukayum vikasikkukayum cheythu, athinte pravartthanangal bhoogarbhathilekkum thaazhekku blainow festiniyogilekkum vyapippichu. 1897 aayappozhekkum 429 perkku jolie nalkukayum athil pakuthiyolam perr bhoogarbha jolikal cheyyukayum cheythu. festiniyog railway athinte uthppannangalkulla kwaariyude pradhana gathagatha autlettaayi thudarnnu, pakshe athil ninnu dufvessile festiniyoginte terminesumaayi nerittu bandhamundaayirunnilla. pakaram kwaariyiloode kadannupokunna rivback tramway vazhiyaan slate ayachathu. athiraalikalaaya kwaarikalkku vahikkendivarikayillaatha adhika shipping chelavukal ithinu kaaranamaayi.
1908-ll kambani minfordil warf sthalam paattatthinu nalki, avide staanderd gej reyilveyilekku poortthiyaaya slettukal kaimaran anuvadikkunnathinaayi tentebilukalum siding sthaapichu.
1920-ll kambani athinte milline votti & booid kwaariyumaayi bandhippikkunna oru puthiya charivu nirmmikkukayum duffsile festiniyog reyilveyilekkulla aaa kambaniyude charivu kanakshan vazhi uthppannangal kayatti ayaykkanulla karaarilethukayum cheythukondu uyarnna shipping chelavu pariharichu.
1928-ll menopheren rivback kwari vaangi, 1953 vare athinte pravartthanam thudarukayum anubandha tramway upayogikkukayum cheythu.
1946ll festiniyog railway pravartthanam nirtthiyappol, duffs steshanum blainow festiniyoginu padinjaaru elms railwayumaayulla interchenchinum edayilulla railway tracukalude oru cheria neelam menopheren paattatthinu nalki. 1962 vare eee bhaagathukoodi slate trainukal oodunnathu thudarnnu, pinneedu festiniyog reyilveyude roottinte eathenkilum bhagam upayogikkunna avasana slate kwaariyaayi maari. 1962 muthal kwaariyil ninnu rooad maarggamaan slate kayatti ayachirunnathenkilum rivback tramwayude bhagangal ulppedeyulla aantharika kwari tramvekalude upayogam kuranjathu 1980 vare thudarnnu.
1975ll aduthulla letchwed kwari bovidinoppam eee kwari vaangi, athil pazhaya votti pravartthanangalum ulppedunnu iva menopheren kambaniyude udamasthathayilullathaanu. 1999 novemberil menopheranile bhoogarbha uthppaadanam avasaanikkukayum athode north veyilsile slettinaayi valia thothilulla bhoogarbha pravartthanangal avasaanikkukayum cheythu. arakalude pinthunaykkunna thoonukalil ninnu slate veendedukkunnathinaayi "antopp" bhoogarbha pravartthanangal ulkkollunna samyojitha menopheren saittil slate uthppaadanam punaraarambhichu. kwari tippukalil ninnu kandedutha vasthukkalum polikkunnathinum thudarnnulla upayogathinumaayi kandethum.

