
swaayiminte prathividhi

ekadesham 1820 muthal philadelphiyayile vilyam swime (1781-1846) vilkkunna oru american pettant marunnaan swimes panesia (swimes prashasthamaaya panesia ennum ariyappedunnu), formulationukal ippozhum kuranjathu 1920 vare vilkkappedunnu. scrofula, mercurial rogam, aazhathil irikkunna syphilis, vaatham, vranangal, veekkam thudangiya vividha rogangal chikilsikkunnathinaayi ithu parasyam cheyyappettu.
charithram.
swime yadhaarthathil oru book binderaayirunnu, newyork kadayil addeham bined cheiyunna oru pusthakatthinte pejil ninnaan paachakakkuripp kandethiyathenn janapriya katha. orupakshe addehathinu eee paachakakkuripp doow. enn.jeey. svayam neenthaanaayi athu nalkia kwakinbose. munbu oru doow. prasidheekaricha oru formulationaanu kwakinbose upayogichirunnathu. franch apothecary piyar boyway kandupidicha "roob dii lafecture" enna prathividhi fraansil ninnu uthbhavicha mcneavan valare janapriyamaayirunnu.
swime philadelfiyayilekku thamasam maarukayum, kuranjathu 1820 aayappozhekkum, orupakshe 1811-ll thanne, chikilsayude swantham pathipp vipananam cheyyaan thudangukayum cheythu. chila praadeshika abhayaarthikalkku gunakaramaya phalangal nalkaamennu aaropich (praadeshika doctormaaril ninnu ulppede niravadhi amgeekaarangal shekharikkukayum cheythu), thante uthppannam uyarnna vilaykk (kuppiykk 3 dollar, akkaalathe ganyamaaya thuka) wilkan addehathinu kazhinju, ekadesham 500,000 dollar aasthiyumayi addeham valare sambannanaayi.
1825 aayappozhekkum chathuraakrithiyilulla kuppikalilum 1829 aayappozhekkum pacha silindar kuppikalilum kuppikalil ittirunna thante uthppannathinte aadyakaala parasyangalil herculese hydra kollunnathinte oru chihnam swime upayogichu. swime valareyadhikam parasyam cheyyukayum 1830-kalil vaanijyaparamaaya lithography sambhavavikasangal muthaledukkukayum nancy lintan enna sthreeyude chhaayaachitram upayogichu thante misritham parasyappedutthukayum cheythu, rogamukthayaayathin sheshavum avalude "yadhaartha roopam" parasyappedutthukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum eee roopam ippozhum aadhunika annukalkku valare bheekaramayi kaanapedunnu. eee raamabaanathil merkuri adangiyirunnu, lintaninte roopam merkuri vishabaadhayude lakshanangale prathifalippikkunnuvennu thonnunnu. mercuric chloridine (akkaalat corrosive sublimate ennu vilikkapettu) syphilis chikilsikkaan upayogichathinte munkaala charithramundaayirunnu. wintergreen ennayum sarsaparilla sweyiminte uthppannathile pradhana cheruvakalaayirunnu.
1828 aayappozhekkum newyork medical sosaittiyeppole, philadelphia medical sosaittiyum sweyiminte prashamsaathmakamaaya avakaashavaadangaleyum janapriya raamabaanathe munkaala amgeekaarangaleyum shakthamayi nishedhikkunna oru report prasidheekarichu. thudakkathil eee uthppannathe prateeksha nalkunnathaanennu amgeekaricha bahumanappetta doctormaaraaya pinneedu american medical association sthaapicha nathaneel chapman avarude aadyakaala amgeekaarangal nirasichu. uthppannathil merkuri illennu swime avakaashappettengilum medical reportukal marichaanu kaanichathu.
1846ll vilyam swime marichathinushesham, addehathinte makan jaims 1870ll marikkunnathuvare philadelphia doctor sweyiminte "medical directorumaaya" franklin stuvarttinoppam bisinesses thudarnnu. (stuvaarttinte makan saamuval swime stuvaartt banjiorin kandupidichu.) "sweyiminte laborattari" 113-kalilaanu philadelphiyayil sthithicheyyunnathu. ezhaam klaas, chestnattinu thottumukalil varshangalolam. 1890 nuu sesham, nirmmaanam newyorkkile staattan dveepaaya cliftanilekku maatti.
1900ll jaims eph. ballard oof sent. niravadhi pettant marunnukal nirmmicha luis, sweyiminte raamabaanathinum matellaa swime ulppannangalkkum swime kudumbatthil ninnu avakashangal nedi. 1910-kalil, 90 varshathilereyaayi nadatthiya athbhuthakaramaaya avakaashavaadangalumaayi uthppannam parasyappeduthunnathu thudarunnathinaal, 1906-leeii shudhamaaya bhakshya, mayakkumarunnu niyamaprakaaram sweyiminte ramabaana ulppede uthppannangalude thettaaya brandinginu yunaittad stetts sarkkar ballardinu 30 dollar pizha chumatthi. kuranjathu 1920 vare eee uthppannam vilkkunnath thudarnnathaayi thonnunnu.
koppi kyattukal.
sweyiminte ramabaanathinte vijayam "swanes ramabaana", "swins ramabaana", "paarkarmaarude naveekarikkunna pachakkari ramabaana" ennivayulppede niravadhi koppi kaatt uthppannangal srishtichu, avayil avasaanatheth sweyiminekkaal pazhaya oru vamshavali avakaashappedukayum herculese ithinakam hydra konnathayi athinte parasyatthil oru chithram upayogikkukayum cheythu. noock-oof ozhivaakkaanum avarude kuppikaludeyum labelinginteyum savisheshathakal kandethaanum swimes vaangunnavarkk munnariyipp nalki.
janapriya samskaarathil swaayiminte prathividhi.
eee rogashaanthiyude janapreeti akkaalathe prasidheekaranangalil prathifalikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, "dhii connecticut peddler" enna gaanathil eee uthppannam paraamarshichittundu (sii. 1851), peddlerude daanangalude pattikayil "sweyiminte ramabaanavum jonsinte thullikalum ulppedunnu."1849-ll" "thekkan saahitya sandeshavaahakan" "ezhuthiya kathil, edger allen poow bared tailorinte kavithaye vimarsakarkkethire prathirodhichu" "sweyiminte ramabanathino morrison gulikakalkko pothuvaayi thaalkkaalika vijayam urappunalkunnathinekkaal mattu kazhivukalonnumilla"."adimatha nirmmaarjjanavaadiyaaya vilyam lloyd gaarisan 1836 leeii oru kathil" "ente moonnaamathe kuppi sweyiminte ramabaanathinaayi" "scrofulakkaayi paraamarsikkunnu".
1961ll jaims harvy yanginte 'jaims harvy yung' enna pusthakathilaanu swaayiminte ramabaanathinte kathayude ettavum samagramaya vivaranangalilonn.

