
syrtophora exandamatica

ushnamekhalaa eshyayilum australiyayilum saadhaarana kaanapedunna koodaara chilanthikalaanu syrtophora exandamatica. vayarinte attathu moorchayulla oru jody projectionukal ullathinaal avaye saadhaaranayaayi eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikal ennu vilikkunnu. avaa manushyarkk doshakaramalla.
eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikal rund bhaagangalulla valia nonstikki web nirmmikkunnu-oru tankle web, nannayi kettiya thirashcheena bhramanapatha web. eee inathile penthumbikal aanthumbikalekkaal valuthaanu, avayude niratthil ganyamaaya vyathyaasamundaakam. avayude aakruthi, purakile adayaalangal, sareerathinu mukalil muttakal kalikkunna seelam ennivayaal avaye eluppathil verthirichariyaan kazhiyum.
vivaranam.
avarude pothuvaaya peru 'eratta-vaalulla tent spider' ennathu avarude vayarinte pinbhaagathulla moorchayulla projakshanukalil ninnaan varunnath. thaazhikakkudam chilanthi, bowl chilanthi, paan-web chilanthi, scoop-web chilanthi ennivayulppede australiyayile mattu saadhaarana perukalilum iva ariyappedunnu.
syrtophora" janussile mattu amgangaleppole, eratta vaalulla koodaara chilanthikalude sephalothoraxinte mukalbhagam parannathaanu. sephalothorax, adivayarinte vashangal, kaalukal enniva velutha romangalaal moodappettirikkunnu. athinte legg formula i, ii, iii, IV aanu-athaayath, ettavum neelamulla kaalukal munvashathe aadya jody, randaamathe jody adutha neelam koodiyathu, moonnaamathe jody randaamathethinekkaal cheruth, avasana jody ettavum cheruth ennivayaanu. ettu annukalkku eathaandu thulya valippamund, avaa rund aavarthichulla varikalaayi krameekarichirikkunnu.
avayude adivayarinte munvashath oru prathyeka jody koombukalum undu, ithu 'tholukal' poleyaanu, avaykku vyathirikthamaya thrikonaakrithiyum nalkunnu. mukalile bhaagath rund varikalaayi krameekarichirikkunna ettu pramukha sigillakal (cheria kuzhikal polulla mardhanam) undu. adivayarinu uparithalavum vashangal parannathum munvashath cheria tuberculukalumundu. veethiyullathinekkaal neelamulla ithu pinbhaagathekku thaazhekku thaazhunnu. vayarinte thaazhathe bhagam saadhaaranayaayi manja niratthilullathum vaayusanchaaramullathumaayiriki. spinnattukal vella niratthil chuttappettirikkunnu. sthreekalile epijinathinu oru hraswa thrikonaakrithiyilulla (allengil oviposittar) aakruthiyundu. beejagrooppukal (spermathekke) golaakrithiyilullavayaanu.
avayude niratthil ganyamaaya vyathyaasamundaakam. avaa chuvapp, pink, ooranchu, manja, thavitt, chaara, ilam thavitt allengil poornnamaayum karupp aakam. chila vyakthikalil alppam alasam chilappol 'beed' chokku-vaitt line paattenukalum vyakthamaayi kaanapedunnu, ithu vayarinte munvashath ninnu 'humpsinte' attam vareyum athinte jody 'vaalukalkk' thaazheyum oodunnu. mattullavayil avaa mangiya varakalayi maathrame kaanappedunnulloo.
eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikal laingikamaayi dviroopamaanu, aann chilanthikal saadhaaranayaayi penn chilanthikalekkaal valare cheruthaanu. muthirnna penkuttikalude sharashari neelam (kaalukal ozhike), pakshe avarkk neelatthil ethaam. muthirnna purushanmaarude sharashari wier sephalothoraxinte athe valipavum pradhana pedippaalppukalum ullathaanu.
eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikal philippainsile "syrtophora parangexandamatic" yumayi saamyamullathaan. philippinoyil "exandamatica poleyulla" ennartham varunna athinte shaasthreeya namam prathifalippikkunna oru vastutha.
vargeekaranam.
1859ll dutch sainyathodoppam jaavayil nilayurappichirunna slovakian sainika sarjan kaal ludwig dolshall aanu eratta-vaalulla koodaara chilanthikale aadyamaayi vivarichathu. addeham aadyam ithine "epaira" janussil (ippol "aranius" januss) tharamthirichu. avaye nilavil syrtophorine upakudumbathinu keezhil "syrtophora" (tent-web chilanthikal) janussil tharamthirickunnu. avaa valare valia oorbu-neythukaaran chilanthi kudumbatthil (aranidae) pedunnu.
syrtophora" enna pothuvaaya perinte ardham "karvu bairer" ennaanu, greekkil ninnu (',' valanja 'allengil' valanja '), (', 'vahikkunnayal' allengil 'vahikkunna' ennartham), ithu janussile amgangalude vayarinte aakruthiye soochippikkunnu. exandemetica" enna nirddishta peru greak (',' mukhakkuru 'ennartham), prathyayam (', 'bandhapetta' ennartham) ennivayil ninnaan vannath, ithu athinte roopathe soochippikkunnu.
paristhithi.
eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikal saadhaaranayaayi marangalude shaakhakalilo kuttichedikalilo chuttumulla elakalum kilikalum oru chattakkoodayi upayogichu avarude valakal nirmmikkunnu. rund vyathyastha bhagangal chernnathaanu eee jalakangal. kramarahithamaya idathoornna kramarahithamaya pinthunaykkunna jaalangalude pindamaanu ('tankle web' ennariyappedunnu). web complexinte mukalil ninnu iraye praveshikkunnathil ninnu niruthsaahappeduthaan ithu sahayikkunnu. thaazhe thirascheenamaayi ooriyantad, asaadhaaranamaayi sookshumamaayi meshed cheytha oru web ('oorbu web') ekadesham vyaasamullathaan. mattu koodaaram-web chilanthikaleppole, eee vala oru paridhivare koodaaram poleyaanu. ennirunnaalum, mattullavaril ninnu vyathyasthamayi, eratta-vaalulla koodaara chilanthikalude bhramanapatham palappozhum oru paan allengil oru paathram poleyaanu. mattu bhramanapatha neythukaarude valakalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi valayude oru bhaagavum ottikkunnilla.
thalakeezhaayi thoongikkidakkunna thaazhathe bhramanapathatthinte madhyathilaanu chilanthi nilkkunnath. ennirunnaalum, bheeshani thonnumbol, athu webinte arikilekku oodukayum sasyangalkkum avashishtangalkkum idayil olichirikkukayum cheyyum. chilanthikku valayude attathu chattha elakalaal chuttapetta oru sankethamundu, athu svayam maraykkaan upayogikkaam. eee inathile aanpakshikalkkum penpakshikal thamasikkunna athe valayil vasikkaan kazhiyum.
eee jalakangal sthiramaanu. kaalakramena avaa elakalum mattu avashishtangalum shekharikkaan thudangum. eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikal pathivayi avarude vala vrithiyaakkum, saadhaaranayaayi raathriyil, ennirunnaalum avaa maraykkanaayi chila kashanangalum avashishtangalum nilanirtthum. valakalkku saaramaayi kedupaadukal sambhavikkumbol chilappol avaa punarnirmmikkendivarum.
venalkkaalath eratta-vaalulla web chilanthikal inacherunnu. inacheralinushesham, penpakshi avalude sankethathile oru mutta sanjiyil (chilanthi putt kondulla oru andavayava panthu) muttayidum. thudarnnu aval mutta sanjiyude uparithalathil thante shareeram neekkukayum athine samrakshikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee swabhaavam vyathirikthavum jeevivargathe eluppathil thirichariyaan sahaayikkunnathumaan. muttakal viriyunnathuvare amma bhakshanam nalkukayo sanketham vidukayo cheiyunnilla, athaayath saadhaaranayaayi rando moonno aazhchakalkk sesham. appol maathrame aval webinte madhyabhaagathekku madangukayum avalude saadhaarana pravartthanangal punararambhikkukayum cheiyukayulloo. chilanthikal svanthamaayi purappedunnathinu munbu eathaanum aazhchakal koodi avalude sankethathil thudarum.
thaarathamyena valia valippamulla web kaaranam, avaa palappozhum cleptoparacitic splitt-faced silver chilanthikalaal ("argirodes physsibroneukal") baadhikkappedunnu. svanthamaayi jalakangal nirmmikkaan kazhiyumenkilum, manjuveezhchayulla chilanthikal ("aarjirodukal" januss) mattu chilanthikalude valayil jeevikkanum punarulppaadippikkaanum eshtappedunnu, eee prakriyayil iraye moshtikkunnu. avaa oru vebbumaayi sthiramaayi bandhappettirikkam allengil sameepathulla mattu niravadhi koodaara jaalakangalkkidayil neengaam. webinte valippam "a" nte ennathinu nerittu aanupaathikamaanu. physsiphroneukal avayil vasikkunnu. bandhangal chilappol pothuvaayatho parasparamullatho aakam, "a". valia eratta vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikalkku valare cheruthaanu physsiphroneukal. ennirunnaalum, aathidheyar kazhikkunna prakriyayil avar palappozhum bhakshana storukalilekko bhakshanathilekko polum svayam sahayikkunnu. valia vyakthikal kooduthal dheeraraanu, pakshe avar saadhaaranayaayi changala jaalangalilum avarude aathidheyarude vazhiyil ninnu akannupookunnu. eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikal avayude saannidhyam sahikkunnathayi thonnunnu, ennirunnaalum avaa valia iraye pidikoodumbol chilappol avaye thallikkalayendi varunnu.
vitharanavum aavaasavyavasthayum.
ushnamekhalaa eshyayilum australiyayilum eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikal vyaapakamaanu. avarude janmadesha shreni austreliya muthal thekkan jappan vareyum phillippines, pappuva nyoo ginia muthal india vare padinjaaru vare vyaapichukidakkunnu. avar saadhaaranayaayi marangalude kombukaliloo kuttichedikalilo sthiramaaya valakal nirmmikkunnu.
manushyarumayulla bandham.
mattu koodaaram-web chilanthikaleppole, eratta-vaalulla koodaaram chilanthikalum valare lajjayullavayaan. bheeshanippeduthumbol avar saadhaaranayaayi oodippookukayo marikkukayo cheyyum (thanatosis ennum ariyappedunnu). avaa manushyarodu aakramanaathmakamallaathinaal kadinamaayi prakopippikkathe avaa manushyare kadikkaan saadhyathayilla. kadiyettathaayi rekhakalilla.
naanokaapsyulukalum microcapsuleukalum srishtikkunnathil saadhyamaaya prayogangalkkaayi padikkunnavayil eratta-vaalulla koodaara chilanthikalude pattum ulppedunnu.

