
clostridium perfringence

clostridium perfringence (munbu "sii" ennariyappettirunnu. velchi, allengil "basilus velchi") clostridium janussile oru gram positteev, vadi aakruthiyilulla, vaayurahitavum beejaanukkal roopappeduthunna rogakariyaaya bacteriayaanu. "sii. perfrinchens "prakrithiyil eppozhum kaanapedunnu, koodaathe nashichukondirikkunna sasyangal, samudra avashishtangal, manushyarudeyum mattu kasherukkal, praanikal, mannu ennivayude kudalbhagam ennivayude oru saadhaarana gadakamaayi ithu kaanapedunnu. theoglycolate maadhyamathil 6.3 minittulla eathoru jeevajaalathinteyum ettavum kuranja utppaadana samayamaanith.
"norovirus, salmonella, campylobacter, staphylococcus ooriyas ennivaykkoppam amerikkayil bhakshyavishabaadhayude ettavum saadhaaranamaaya kaaranangalilonnaanu clostridium perfrinchens. ennirunnaalum, ithu chilappol kazhikkukayum oru doshavum varuthaathirikkukayum cheyyaam.
sii moolamulla anubadhakal. tissue necrosis, bacterialimia, emphysematus collesistitis, clostridial mionecrosis ennum ariyappedunna gyaas gangreen ennivayude thelivukal perfringence kaanikkunnu. gyaas gangreen samayat sambhavikkunna tissue thadassappeduthunnathine soochippikkunna laattin ("vazhi" ennartham), ("pottal") ennivayil ninnaan "perfrinchens" enna prathyeka peru uruthirinjathu. koshangalude plasma membranilekku cherkkunna α-toxin aanu gyaas gangreenil ulppedunna vishavasthukkal, ithu saadhaarana sellular pravartthanatthe thadassappeduthunna membranile vidavukal srishtikkunnu. "sii. perfrinchensinu polymicrobial vaayurahita anubaadhakalil pankedukkaan kazhiyum. saadhaarana sasyajaalangalude oru gadakamaayi anubaadhakalil ithu saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunnu. eee saahacharyathil, rogathil athinte punk cheruthaanu.
sii aayirikkumbozhaanu tissue vaathakam uthppaadippikkunnathu. perfrinchen mrithadehangalumaayi samvadikkunnu. ithu valare thwarithappeduthiya vighadanathinu kaaranamaakunnu, saadhaarana embamming nadapadikaliloode ithu thadayaan kazhiyilla. eee bakteeriyakal saadhaarana saandrathayil formaldehydinte saannidhyathe prathirodhikkunnu.
genome.
"clostridium perfringencinu 27-28% nuu chuttum sthirathayulla jii + sii ulladakkavum sharashari genome valupavum 3.5 emby aanu. 56 'sii. ulla genomeukal. shaasthreeya gaveshana samoohathinaayi enn. sii. bii. aii genomeukal daattaabesil perfrinchens strainukal labhyamaakkiyittund. genomic gaveshanam sii yill athishayakaramaamvidham uyarnna vaividhyam velippeduthi. report cheyyappetta ettavum vyathyasthamaaya gram positteev baakteeriyaayi perfringence pangenomil, 12.6% coor jeenukal maathrame ulloo. ennirunnaalum, 16s rrna pradeshangal "c" nuu idayilaanu. perfrinchens strainukal valare samrakshikkappettathayi kaanapedunnu (sequence aidantitti> 99.1%).
chalanathmakatha.
avaykku flazella illengilum, "sii. perfringen baakteeriyakalkk uparithalangaliludaneelam sanjarikkaan kazhiyum, kaaranam avayude shareerangal avasaanam muthal avasaanam vare philamentukalaal pothinjirikkunnu. sm101 polulla hypermotyle vakabhedangal palappozhum aggar plettukalile kolanikalude arikukalil undakunnathaayi kaanapedunnu. avarude gliding chalanatthinte viidiyoo microscopy soochippikkunnathu avaa neelamullathum nertthathumaaya philamentukal undaakkunnu, athu flazella ulla baakteeriyakaleppole vegathil neengaan anuvadikkunnu. hypermotyle phenotypinte kaaranangalum avayude nerittulla derivetteevukalum thirichariyaan genome sequencing upayogichu. avaye thaarathamyam cheyyumbol, sm101, sm102 ennee strainukalude hypermotyle derivetteevukalaaya sm124, sm127 strainukalil avayude maathru strainukalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol 10 umm aarr nucleotide polymorphisangalum (snp) adangiyirikkunnu. sell division jeenukalile mutationukal hypermotyle strainukalude saadhaarana savisheshathayaanu.
bhakshyavishabadha.
manushyaril bhakshyavishabaadhayundaakkunnathu "sii" utppaadippikkaan kazhiyunna tharam eiii strainukal moolamaanu. perfrinchens "entotoxin". eee entotoxin 35.5 keey. dii. eiii. yude polypeptideanu, ithu sporuleshante thudakkathil adinjukoodukayum sporuleshante avasaanathil laisettu cheyyumbol mediayilekku visarjjikkappedukayum cheiyunnu. oru tharam vakabhedangalude 5 sathamaanathil thaazhe maathrame ulloo enna "sii. pii. iii" jeane aanu ithu coode cheiyunnathu, ithu chromosomilo baahya plasmidillo sthithicheyyaam.
yunaittad kingdatthilum amerikkayilum, "sii. mosham reethiyil thayyarakkiya mamsavum kozhiyum allengil bhakshanam shariyaayi thayyarakkiyathum ennaal valarekkalam nilkkaan avasheshikkunnathumaaya perfringence bacteriayaanu bhakshyajanyarogangalude moonnaamathe ettavum saadhaaranamaaya kaaranam, ithu bacteria samrakshikkunnathile pradhana kuttakrithyamaanu. sii. rogathinu madhyasthatha vahikkunna perfringence entotoxin heett-label (nishkriyamakkappetta) aanu. malinamaaya bhakshanathilum (shariyaayi choodaakkiyillenkil) malam ennivayilum ithu kandethaam. malinamaaya bhakshanam kazhichu 6 muthal 25 manikkoor vareyaanu (saadhaaranayaayi 10-12) incubation samayam.
sii. paachaka thapanilaye neridaan kazhiyunna beejaanukkalaan perfrinchens, pakam cheytha bhakshanam vendathra kaalam nilkkukayaanenkil, mulaykkal sambhavikkukayum anubaadhayundaakkunna bacteria kolanikal vikasikkukayum cheyyum. vayaruvedana, vayarilakkam, panii ennivayaanu saadhaaranayaayi rogalakshanangal. muzhuvan kozhsum saadhaaranayaayi 24 manikorinullil pariharikkappedunnu, pakshe pazhayatho durbalamaayatho aaya hosttukalil 2 aazhcha vare neendunilkkum.
"clostridium perfrinchens vishabaadha entaittis necroticans allengil clostridial necrotising entaittis (pigbell ennum ariyappedunnu) ennariyappedunna mattoru rogathilekku nayichekkaam; ithu sii moolamaanu undaakunnath. perfringence tharam sii. eee anubadha palappozhum maarakamaan. sii" yude valia ennam. perfrinchanukal kudalukalil valarukayum exotoxin sravikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee exotoxin kudalile necrosis, rakthasraavam, kudalile sushirangal ennivaykku kaaranamaakunnu. veekkam saadhaaranayaayi cherukudalinte madhyabhagamaaya jejunathinte bhaagangalil sambhavikkunnu. eee rogam oduvil septik shokilekkum maranathilekkum nayikkunnu. eee prathyeka rogam amerikkayil apoorvamaanu; saadhaaranayaayi, ithu uyarnna apakadasaadyathayulla janasamkhyayilaanu sambhavikkunnath. entaraittis nekrottikkaanukalude apakada gadakangalil protein-kurravulla bhakshanakramam, shuchithvamillaatha bhakshana thayyarakkal, edaykkideyulla maamsam (protein-kurravulla bhakshanathinte deerghakaalathinu sesham), valia alavil tripsin inhibittarukal (madhurakkizhang) adangiya bhakshanakramam, parannabhojiyaaya "ascaris" anubaadhaykk saadhyathayulla pradeshangal (oru tripsin inhibittar ulppaadippikkunnu) enniva ulppedunnu. nyoo ginia, aafrikkayude chila bhagangal, madhya america, thekke america, eshya ennividangalil thamasikkunna janasamkhyayilaanu eee rogam baadhikkunnath.
sii" yude niravadhi kesukal. vishavasthukkalodulla aantibodikal janasamkhyayil saadhaaranamaayathinaal perfrinchensinte bhakshyavishabadha subclinical aayi thudaraam. ithu janasamkhyayil bhooribhaagavum "sii" kaaranam bhakshyavishabadha anubhavichuvenna nigamanatthilekku nayichu. perfringence ".
athinte apakadasadhyathakal undaayirunnittum, "sii. uppu vardhippikkunna appatthil pulippikkunna ejantaayi perfrinchens upayogikkunnu. baking prakriya prathikoola phalangal ozhivaakkikkond bacteria malineekaranam kuraykkumennu karuthappedunnu.
anubadha.
"gyaas gaangreeninte ettavum saadhaaranamaaya bacteria ejantaanu clostridium perfringence. kumilakal, tachycardia, veekkam, manjappitham ennivayaanu chila lakshanagal.
sii" yude oru strain. multiple sclerosis (ems) navjata (paatten III) murivukalil perfringence ulppettekkaam. elikalil nadatthiya parisodhanayil sii enna apoorva vakabhedam undaakkunna vishavasthuvundennu kandethi. perfrinchens thalachoril ems polulla kedupaadukal varuthi, munkaala padanangal sii yude eee vakabhedam thiricharinjirunnu. ems ulla oru manushyanil perfringence. aarogyamulla aalukale apekshichu ems rogikal epsiloon toxininode 10 madangu kooduthal rogaprathirodhasheshiyullavari kandethiyittundu. 
perfringolisin oo ("piphova")-positteev "sii. perfrinchens strainukal akaala sisukkalil necrotising entocolitis vegathil aarambhikkunnathumayi bandhappettirikkunnu.
roganirnayam.
"clostridium perfrinchens" roganirnayam nadathunnathu naglerude prathikaranathiloodeyaanu, athil samshayaaspadamaaya jeevi muttayude manjakkaru media plettil samskarikkunnu. plettinte oru vashath aanti-alfa-toxin adangiyittundu, maruvashathu illa. samshayaaspadamaaya jeevikalude oru varii iruvashathum sthaapichittundu. aanti-alfa-toxin illaatha oru prakshubdhatha pradesham vashath roopappedum, ithu thadassamillaatha lesithiness pravartthanatthe soochippikkunnu. "clostridium perfrinchens" kramarahithamaya maarjinukalulla valia kolanikal srishtikkunnu, palappozhum eratta haemolysis mekhalayundu. koodaathe, malam bakteeriyakalude ennam nirnnayikkunnathiloode laborattarikalkk bacteria nirnnayikkaan kazhiyum. rogam aarambhichathinusesham 48 manikorinullil, oru vyakthikk oru gram malam bacteriayude 106-ll kooduthal beejaanukkal undengil, rogam "sii" ennu nirnnayikkappedunnu. perfrinchens phudu pooyisans cheiyunnu.
mattu parisodhanakal/prathikaranangal kaattales-negatteevu, spott indoll-negatteevu, lesithiness-positteev, lipace-negatteevu, litmas paal-kodunkaattu pulippikkal; reverse camp plate-positteev; gyaas liqvid chromatography uthppannangal-asattik, beauteric, laaktik aasidukal.
saadhaaranayaayi, "sii" yude lakshanagal. ithu nirnnayikkaan perfrinchens vishabaadha upayogikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, oru malam samskaara parisodhana upayogichu roganirnayam nadatthaam, athil bacteria ulppaadippikkunna vishavasthukkalkkayi malam parishodhikkunnu.
prathirodham.
sii" yude valarcha. mikka paachaka bhakshanangalum, prathyekichu beef, kozhi enniva shupaarsha cheiyunna thapanilayil perfrinchens beejakangal thadayaan kazhiyum. bakkiyulla bhakshanam thayyarakki rund manikorinullil thapanilayil thazheyaayi sheetheekarikkanam. suupp allengil maamsathodukoodiya stoo polulla valia bhakshanapaathrangal cheria alavil vibhajichu rafrijareshanaayi moodanam. bakkiyullava kuranjathu vilambunnathinu munbengilum veendum choodaakkanam. bhakshanathinte ruchiyum manavum thonnunnuvenkil allengil athu vendathilninnu vyathyasthamaanenkil athu ozhivaakkanam ennathaanu oru niyamam. surakshithamaanennu thonniyalum, valarekkaalamaayi purathulla bhakshanavum kazhikkaan apakadakaramaanu.
ithinu 12 digri celsiusinum 50 digri celsiusinum idayil gunikkaan kazhiyum.
chikitsa.
chikilsayude ettavum pradhanappetta vasham ulppetta pradeshatthinte vegathilullathum vipulavumaaya shasthrakriyayude debridmentum jeevikal valaraan saadhyathayulla ellah vyathichalicha tissue kalum aanu. antimicrobial marunnukal, prathyekichu pensilin, ore samayam nalkaanum thudangunnu. "mattu rogakarikalaaya clostridiayumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol "clostridium perfrinchens" vancomycin badhikkaan kooduthal saadhyathayund. clostridial tissue anubaadhayude medical maanejmentinu hyperbarric ooksijan sahaayakamaayekkaam.
epidemiology.
"clostridium perfrinchens" amerikkayilum canadayilum bhakshyavishabaadhayude oru pradhana kaaranamaan. stoo, suupp, gravy ennivayile malinamaaya maamsam saadhaaranayaayi pottippurappedaan kaaranamaakukayum oro varshavum amerikkayil 250,000 bhakshyajanya rogangalkk kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. rogam moolamulla maranangal apoorvamaanu, kooduthalum praayamaayavarilum rogam varaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalulla aalukalilumaan sambhavikkunnath. 1998 muthal 2010 vare 289 perr sii. yude pakarchavyaadhikal sthireekarichu. perfringence rogam 15,208 rogangalum 82 pere ashupathriyil praveshippikkukayum ettu maranangalum report cheythu.
tissue gyaas.
manushya postmortem mrithadehangalil "sii. perfrinchanukal "valare vegathilulla vighadanathinu kaaranamakum. tissue gyaas ennu vilikkunna upolppannam prathyeka additteev rasavasthukkal upayogichu shareerathil sugandham purattunnathiloode mandagathiyilaakkukayo nirthukayo cheiyunnu. gangreen, valia decubitus alsar, necrotising faasiyaittis allengil mannu, malam allengil vellam ennivayil murivukal moolam maricha aalukalude sareerathilaanu ithu saadhaaranayaayi sambhavikkunnath.
bhakshyavishabadha sambhavangal.
2010 meyy 7 nuu louisiana (yuu. ezz. eiii) stettu cycatric hospitalile 42 thaamasakkaarum 12 staaf amgangalum rogabadhitharaavukayum chharddi, vayaruvedana, vayarilakkam enniva anubhavappedukayum cheythu. 24 manikorinullil moonnu rogikal marichu. vilambunnathinu oru divasam munbu pakam cheytha kozhiyumaayi eee pottippurappedal bandhappettirikkunnu, ashupatri maargganirddeshangal anusarichu athu thanuppichilla. ashupathriyil thamasikkunnavaril 31 sathamaanavum kozhi kazhicha 69 sathamaanam jeevanakkarum eee rogavyaapanathinte pidiyilaayi. rogabadhitharaaya thaamasakkaril ethraper kozhi kazhichuvennu anjjaathamaanu.
2011 meyy maasathil, atlaantik kadannu pookunna american airlines vimaanathil bacteria malinamakkiya bhakshanam kazhichathaayi aaropich oraal marichu. infite bhakshanam thayyarakkiya jarmman kambaniyaaya amerikkakkaaranum elsg skye shefs ethire aaa manushyante bharya makalum cases phayal cheiyukayaayirunnu.
2012 desemberil englandile essexile honcharchile oru pabbil chrismus divasam bhakshanam kazhichu rund divasathinu sesham 46 kaariyaya oru sthree marichu. bhakshanam kazhicha sesham rogabadhithayaaya 30 peril oraalaayirunnu avar. erakalil ninnu edutha saambilukalil "sii" undaayirunnu. perfringence ". sambhavathil ninnu udaledutha kuttangalkk hotel manejar paachakakkaaraneyum jayililadachu.
2014 desemberil kaanadayile nyoo brunswickile naakkavikkil oru charchu potluck athaazham kazhichu moonnu divasathinu sesham 87 kaaranaya besi scott marichu. mattu 30-ladhikam aalukal dahananaala sambandhamaaya asukham, vayarilakkam, vayaruvedana ennivayude lakshanagal report cheythu. clostridium perfrinchens" aanu sthreeyude maranathinu kaaranamaaya bacteria [sic] ennu pravishyayude acting cheef medical officer parayunnu.
2016 octoberil, 66 kaaranaya alex sdravic amerikkayile indiaanayile vestt laafayettile bhoovarggathile asulil oru enchilada, buritto, taco enniva kazhichu naalu divasathinu sesham marichu. athe divasam bhakshanam kazhicha mattu moonnu perr bhakshyajanya rogathinte lakshanagal report cheythu, avaa lakshanangalumayi poruthappedukayum sii yude druthagathiyilulla thudakkavum aayirunnu. perfrinchens anubadha. pinneedu bacteriayude saannidhyam avarkk positteev aanennu thelinjuvenkilum sdravic veettilekku konduvanna bakkiyulla bhakshanam negatteevu aayi.
2016 novemberil, "sii" enna padaartham malinamaaya bhakshanam. amerikkayile kaaliforniyayile anthiyokyayile oru palli aathidheyathvam vahicha nandiparayal uchabhakshanathinu sesham perfrinchens moonnu pere marippikkukayum 22 pere rogabaadhitharaakkukayum cheythu.
2017 januvariyil, oru amayum makan amerikkayile newyorkkile rochasttarile oru restorantinethire cases phayal cheythu, kaaranam avarkkum mattu 260 perkkum "sii" malinamaaya bhakshanagal kazhichathine thudarnnu asukham pidipettu. perfringence ". "moonroo kaundi pothujanaarogya vakuppile udyogasthar nandiparayal dinathil naalilonn athidhikal rogabaadhitharaayathinethudarnnar swarnna kulangal adachu. oru parisodhanayil bhakshanathinte chorchayum pooppal ulla oru vaakk-inn rafrijarettar, vaathil adaykkunnathil ninnu thadayunna kedupaadukal sambhavicha oru vaathakam, ullil pooppal valarunnathu enniva kandethi."
2018 joolaiyil amerikkayile ohaayoyile povalile oru chippottil meksikkan grill restorantil bhakshanam kazhichathinu sesham 647 perr rogalakshanangal report cheythu. cdc parishodhicha malam saambilukal "sii" ykku positteev aayi. perfringence ".
2018 novemberil, amerikkayile north karolinayile konkordil ekadesham 300 perkku oru palli barbicuvil bhakshanam moolam asukham pidipettu, athu sii. perfringence ".