
duchy oof modena aandu rejio

1452ll vadakkupadinjaaran italiyil innathe emilia-romagna mekhalayil sthithicheyyunna oru itaaliyan samsthaanamaayirunnu duchy oof modena aandu rejio (;;). sthaapithamaayathumuthal ithu bharichathu estteyude kuleena kudumbavum 1814 muthal kudumbatthinte austriya-estte shaakhayumaanu. eestte rajavamsham kalakalude oru valia sponsaraayirunnu, ithu navothaana, barok kaalaghattangalil duchy oru saamskaarika paraamarsamaakki.
estteyude veedu.
1452-ll frederic moonnaaman chakravarty noottaandukalaayi modena nagravum aduthulla rejio emilia bharichirunna borso dii 'esteykku duchy vaagdaanam cheythu. 1450-ll borso thante sahodarante pingamiyaayi aduthulla poppu dachiyile margrave aayi, avide addehathinu 1471-ll ducal padavi labhichu. vishudha roman saamraajyathinte thekkan athirthiyilulla estte pradeshangal marpappa rajyangalumaayi chernnu iru raajyangaludeyum thalpparyangal kanakkileduthu sthirathayulla oru buffer stettu roopeekarichu.
aadyathe estte dukeukal nannayi bharikkukayum nagaram saambathikavum saamskaarikavumaaya oru kodumudiyil athukayum cheythu borsoyude pingamiyaaya duke ercol onnaaman biaggio rossetti roopakalppana cheytha padhathikalkkanusarichu modena nagaram punarnirmmichu, addehathinte pingaamikal taitiyan, ludovico ariosto thudangiya kalakaaranmaarude rakshaadhikaarikalaayirunnu. 1508 muthal cambray leag yudhathil, modenayil ninnulla sainikar republic oof veniskethire maarppaappayude sevanathil poraadi. 1597ll duke alphonso randaamante maranashesham ducal vamshavali vamshanasham sambhavichu. eee bhoomi alphonsoyude cussin siser dii esteykku anantharaavakaashamaayi nalkappettu; ennirunnaalum, pingami klement VIII marpappa amgeekarikkukayum oduvil ferrara marpappa pidichedukkukayum cheythu. modena rejiyoy saamraajyathva kottakalaayi nilanirthaan siserinu kazhinju.
1628 leeii maanduvaan pinthudarchaavakaasha yudhathil, modena rajakumaranmar speyinile habsburghinoppam nilkkukayum ferdinand randaaman chakravartthiyude kaiyil ninnu corregio pattanam sweekarikkukayum cheythu. spanish pinthudarchaavakaasha yudhathil, duke renaldo franch sainyam purathaakki, vendominte duke luis josafinte keezhil, 1707 vare addehathinu madangaan kazhinjilla. 1711 ll mirandola cheria duchy estte agiranam cheythu. 1740leeii austriyan pinthudarchaavakaasha yudhathil addehathinte pingamiyaaya francesco moonnaaman fraansine pinthunaykkukayum habsburg sainyam puratthaakkukayum cheythuvenkilum 1748leeii ikes-laa-chappelle udambadiyiloode addehathinte duchy punasthaapikkappettu.
1796-ll neppoliyante keezhil oru franch sainyam modena veendum kaivashappedutthi, avar duke ercol moonnaamane sthaanabhrashtanaakkukayum thante pradeshathu ninnu syspaden republic srishtikkukayum cheythu. 1801 leeii luneville udambadiyiloode, avasaanathe estte dukinu thekkupadinjaaran germmaniyile muun austriyan pradeshangalude breesgau mekhala nashtapariharam nalkukayum 1803 ll marikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte maranathethudarnnu, francis randaaman chakravartthiyude ammavanaaya austriyayile habsburg-loraine archduke ferdinand addehathinte marumakanu ducal padavi paarambaryamaayi labhichu.
austriya-estteyude veedu.
waterloo yudhathinushesham nepolian onnaaman chakravartthiyude avasaanathe pathanathetthudarnnu 1814-ll italiyile nepolian raajyam pirichuvidappettathode ferdinandinte makan francis naalaaman veendum modena rajakumaaranaayi bharanam etteduthu. 1829-ll addeham thante amma maria beatrisil ninnu maasa, karara ennee pradeshangal paarambaryamaayi nedi. 1830-60 kaalaghattatthile itaaliyan ekeekarana kaalaghattatthil, 1831-1848 kaalaghattangalile viplavangalil "austriya-estte" rajakumaaranmaare hrasvamaayi puratthaakkiyenkilum taamasiyaathe thirichetthi.
majanta yudhathethudarnnu nadanna randaam itaaliyan swaathanthryasamarathil (epril muthal juulai 1859 vare), avasaanathe duke francis vii veendum palayanam cheyyaan nirbandhithanaayi, ithavana sthiramaayi. desemberil, modena tuscanyumaayum parmayumaayum chernnu "central italiyude yunaittad pravishyakal" roopeekarichu, avaa 1860 maarchil valarunna sardinia rajyavumaayi kootticherkkappettu, ithu itaaliyan ekeekarana prasthaanatthinu kaaranamaayi, ithu 1861 ll itali saamraajyathinte prakhyaapanathilekku nayichu.
parambaraagatha thalakkettukal.
modenayude prabhuvundaayirunnu
nitehood oordarukal.
francis vii muthal modenayude prabhuvu grand maastaraayirunnu

