
rettesaath parvathangal

thekkan kaarpaathiyanmaarude bhagamaayathinaal romaniayile ettavum uyaram koodiya malanirakalilonnaanu rettesaatt parvathangal. ettavum uyaram koodiya kodumudi peliyaga (warful peliyaga) aanu. papusa (warful papusa, "paavayude kodumudi"), rettesatt kodumudi (warful rettesatt) ennivayaanu mattu pradhana kodumudikal. romanian bhashayil eee perinte ardham 'murichumaattappettavan' ennaanu. 
bhoomishaasthram.
romaniayile ettavum valia himanada thadaakam, bukura thadaakam (lakul bukura) ulppede niravadhi himanada thadakangal rettesaatt parvathanirakalil undu, ithu ulkkollukayum sthithicheyyukayum cheiyunnu. romaniayile aadyathe desheeyodyaanamaaya rettesaatt desheeyodyaanavum eee pradeshathu ulppedunnu.
nadee samvidaanangalum thadaakangalum.
pradhana vaayu pindangalilekkulla malancherivukalude ooriyanteshanumaayi bandhapetta rettesaatt parvathanirakalil nilavilulla tectonic, lithologic, morphological avasthakal eee parvathasamoohathe roman carpathiansile ettavum eerppamulla pradeshamaakki maattunnu.
jalasamvidhaanathe rund pradhana dishakalaayi thirichirikkunnu vadakku, nadhi paathayilekku (murus drainage thadam), avide pindatthinte padinjaaru, vadakku, vadakkukizhakkan pradeshangalil ninnulla ellah nadikalum ozhukunnu, thekk, jiul dii vestt nadiyilekku (jiyu drainage thadam). ettavum pradhanappetta nadeepata rawal maareyaan, vaarshika sharashari ozhukk. paarkkile ellah jalapaathakalilum vellachaattangalund.
himanitala thadaakangalude vyapakamaaya saannidyamaanu rettesaath parvathanirakalude savisheshathakalilonn. romaniayile ekadesham 38 sathamaanam himanica thadaakangalum kaalderakalude adithattil kaanapedunnu, thadaaka klasttarukalaayo ottappettatho aayi tharamthirickunnu, ithu paarkkile ettavum valia vinodasanjaara aakarshanangalilonnaan. pindaparidikkullil 58 sthiramaaya himanikkadavukalundu. chila srothassukal 80-ladhikam thadaakangalekkurichu paraamarshikkunnundenkum ivide thaalkkaalika thadaakangalum ulppettirikkaam.
thadaakangalude uparithalam (staanisora I), (bukura) ennivaykkidayil vyathyaasappedunnu, ithu romaniayile ettavum valia himanithadaakamaanu. thadaakangalude aazham (staanisora i) num (sinovaga) num idayil vyathyaasappedunnu, athesamayam vooliyam (galezul II) num (sinovaga) num idayilaanu.
sasyajaalangal.
romaniyayil kaanapedunna ekadesham 3,500 sasya enangalil moonnilonnu (ekadesham 1,200) ivide kaanam. eee pradeshathe desheeyodyaanamaayi prakhyaapikkunnathinulla pradhana kaaranam ithaanu. eee pradeshathu thaddesheeyamaayi kaanapedunna 90-ladhikam sasyajaalangalund, 1858-ll aadyamaayi kandethiya onnu flemansica ("draba dornery").
jenshyana", "pottanshyilla", "palsaattilla" ennee janussile amgangal polulla mikka alpine enangalum ivide kaanappedunnathinal alpine pulmedukal prathyekichum pradhaanamaan. edelweiss ivide kaanam. paarakkettukalum alpine vayalukalum thammilulla paridhiyil rhododendron ("rhododendron kotshiyi") enangale kaanam. romaniayile samrakshitha inamaaya parvatha pine rettesaatt parvathanirakalude kuthaneyulla ellah charivukalilum kaanapedunnu, athesamayam swis pine ("pinas sembra") mattethoru roman pindatthekkaalum vishalamaaya vitharanamundu.
ivide kaanapedunna mattu enangal ivayaanu hockweed (hyrasium borsa, hyrasium nigrilacus), centoria janussile amgangal (centoria seudophrigia retsaattansis, oru thaddesheeya inam), poochayude chevi (hypocheris maakulatta), lokkoveedinte oru thaddesheeya inam (auxitropis jackwiny rettesaattansis), jenshyana lutia (roow. ginthura galbena).
kaalsyam adangiya pradeshangalil, "barberia lepusnica" (vintar cress janussile oru inam) allengil "pedicularis bangartani", "pedicularis" janussile oru inam polulla apoorvamo thaddesheeyamo aaya niravadhi enangale kaanam.
niravadhi aadukalude koottam ullathinaal paarkkile sasyajaalangalkk (prathyekichu alpine vayalukalil kaanappedunnava) ettavum valia bheeshani amita mechilppuramaanu. eee pradeshathe prathyeka enangalkku pakaram durbalamallathava varunnu.
janthujaalangal.
romaniyayil kaanapedunna enangalil pakuthiyiladhikam varunna 185-ladhikam inam pakshikal eee desheeyodyaanam sandarshikkunnu. ithil 122-ladhikam enangal ivide koodundaakkunnu. golden eegil (paarkkinte logoyil prathinidheekarichirikkunnu), lesser spotted eegil, short-tooad eegil, peregrin faalkkan, vestten kaperkaili, eurasian eegil-ool, eurasian pigmi-ool, black storkk thudangiya apoorva pakshikal ivide vasikkunnu.
paarkk paridhikkullil 55 inam sasthanikalund. europile ettavum valia vettakkaarkk athijeevikkaan anukoolamaaya saahacharyangalund chaara chennaaya, thavitt karadi, eurasian links; chamois, chuvanna maan, roow maan thudangiya chila valia sasyabhukkukal, athesamayam cheria mamsabhojikalaaya kaattupoocha, europian ottar ennivayum kaanam.
1973ll austriyan alpsil ninnu konduvanna 20 alpine maarmottukal parkkil avatharippikkukayum jemenel glacier thadaakamaaya calderayil vidukayum cheythu. innu avaa paarkkiludaneelam kaanapedunnu, ennaal eee thaddesheeyarallaatha inam mattu sasyangalilo mrugangalilo cheluthiya swaadheenam ithuvare anjjaathamaanu. 1960 nuu sesham chila paarkk thadaakangalil braun trout avatharippichu. kazhinja varshangalil nireekshicha eee thadaakangaliloode ubhayajeevikalude ennam kurayunnathinu avaa kaaranamaano ennu parisodhikkaan padanangal ippol nadakkunnu.
minusamarnna nyoottinte ("l". chaarpaashyan parvathanirakalil kaanapedunna vulgaris ampelensis) ivide vasikkunnu, athesamayam europian saadhaarana thavalaye paarkkiludaneelam kaanam. valare kurachu saadhaarana europian wiper kadiyettathaayi report cheyyappettittunde vinodasanchaarikalum graamavaasikalum palappozhum avaye kaanumbol thanne kollunnu. ivide niravadhi thaddesheeya akasheruka enangal kaanapedunnu onpathu thaddesheeya inam chithrashalabhangal, plecoptera kramathilppetta kuranjathu aarr enangal, tricoptera kramathilppetta naalu enangal.
praveshanam.
thekkan rettesatt mekhala.
thaazhvarayude kizhakke attathulla jiyu thaazhvara nagaramaya valkkan muthal thaazhvarayude padinjaaran attathulla campusel vare retesaattilekkulla thekkan sameepanagal vyaapichukidakkunnu. valkkan, lupeni, euricani, kampul lui neeg pattanangalil ninnu rettesaatt parvathanirakalilekku praveshikkaan niravadhi pooyintukalum athinidayilulla pooyintukalum undengilum, desheeyodyaanathilekkalu nerittulla praveshanam cheyil butty pradeshathu (petrosaniyude ekadesham padinjaaru) aarambhich padinjaaru campusel vare vyaapikkunnu.
vadakkan rettesatt mekhala.
rettesaatt parvathanirakalum rettesaatt desheeyodyaanavum vadakku ninnu romaniayude root 66 (dii. enn-66) vazhiyo koodaathe/allengil 66-aamm roottil ninnu thekk kizhakotto vadakotto simeriya vazhiyo train vazhiyo athicheraam. roottil ninnu 66, rettesaath parvathanirakalilekku niravadhi kavaadangalundu. haiveyiludaneelamulla mikkavarum ellah gramangalilum, ohaba dii sub piyatra muthal, haattegin thottupurathu, petrosaniac thottupurathu merisore vare, thekk rettesaatt parvathanirakalilekku pookunna praveshana rodukalundu.
ettavum uyaram koodiya kodumudikal.
2, 300 meteriladhikam uyaramulla rettesaatt massif kodumudikal ivayaanu 

