glookagan (marunnu)

baximi enna brand naamatthil vilkkunna glucagon oru marunum hormonumanu. rakthathile panchasaarayude alavu kurayuka, beetaa blocker amithamaayi kazhikkuka, kaalsyam chaanal blocker amithamaayi kazhikkuka, epinephrine mechappedaatha anaphylaxis ullavar ennivarkku ithu oru marunnayi upayogikkunnu. oru sirayilo peshiyilo charmmathinu thaazheyo kuthivaykkalaanu ithu nalkunnathu. mookkil nalkiyirikkunna oru pathipum labhyamaan.
saadhaarana paarshwafalangalil chharddi ulppedunnu. kuranja rakthathile pottasyam, kuranja rakthasammardham ennivayaanu mattu paarshwafalangal. pheochromocytomyo insulinomo ullavaril ithu shupaarsha cheiyunnilla. garbhakaalath upayogikkunnathu kunjinu doshakaramaanennu kandethiyitla. glucogon marunnukalude glycogenolytic kudumbathilaanu. karal glycojane glucosacki vibhajikkunnathiloode ithu pravartthikkunnu.
1960ll amerikkayil vaidyashaasthraparamaaya upayogathinaayi glucagoninu amgeekaaram labhichu. ithu lokaarogya samghadanayude avashya marunnukalude pattikayil ulppedunnu. glucagon hormon nirmmitha roopamaanithu. 2020 desemberil amerikkayil oru generic pathipp labhyamaayi.
medical upayogangal.
rakthathile panchasaarayude alavu kuraykkuka.
vyakthi abodhaavasthayilaayirikkum mattu kaaranangalal glucose vaayiloodeyo intravinus vazhiyo edukkaan kazhiyaathappozho rakthathile panchasaarayude alavu kurayunna kesukalil kuthivaykkaavunna glucagon praadhamika chikilsayude bhagamaakaam. intramuscular, intravinus allengil subcutaneous kuthivayppiloodeyaanu glookagan nalkunnathu, ithu rakthathile glucosinte alavu vegathil uyarthunnu. kuthivaykkaavunna roopam upayogikkunnathinu, upayogikkunnathinu munbu ithu punarnirmikkanam, podicha glookagan adangiya kuppiyil oru sterail dayaluvant kuthivaykkendathundu, kaaranam hormon laayaniyil layikkumbol valare asthiramaanu. draavakaavasthayil layikkumbol, glucagoninu amyloid fibrils allengil vyakthigatha glucagon pepttaidukal kondu nirmmicha proteinukalude irukiya neytha shringalakal roopappeduthaan kazhiyum, glucagon fibrilise cheyyaan thudangiyaal, kuthivaykkumbol athu upayogashoonyamaakum, kaaranam glucagon sareerathinu agiranam cheyyaanum upayogikkaanum kazhiyilla. punarnirmmaana prakriya glookagan upayogikkunnathu budhimuttaakkunnu, ennirunnaalum uthppannam upayogikkaan eluppamaakkuka enna lakshyathode niravadhi kambanikalil ninnu niravadhi uthppannangal ippol vikasippichukondirikku.
beetaa blocker amithamaayi kazhikkuka.
beetaa blockerukal upayogichu amithamaayi kazhikkunna chikilsayil uyarnna alavil glookagan upayogikkunnathinte gunam upakhyaana thelivukal soochippikkunnu; mayokaardiyathile kyaambinte vardhanavaanu pravartthanatthinte saadhyathayulla samvidaanam, phalatthil β-adrenergic second messenture systethe marikadakkunnu.
anaphylaxis.
anaphylaxis ullavarum beetaa blokkarukalullavarumaaya chila aalukal epinephrine prathirodhikkum. eee saahacharyathil glookagan intravinus avarude thaazhnna rakthasammardhathinu chikilsikkaan upayogapradamaakum.
ithu bhakshya bolasine baadhichu.
glookagan thaazhathe annanaala sphinktarine vishramikkunnu, koodaathe annanaalathil ("steekku house syndrome") baadhicha phudu bolas ullavaril ithu upayogikkaam. eee avasthayil glucagoninte falapraapthiykku thelivukal kuravaanu, glucagon ookkaanam, chharddi ennivaykku kaaranamakum, ennaal glucagoninte suraksha kanakkiledukkumbol ithu mattu chikilsakal krameekarikkunnathil kaalathaamasathilekku nayikkaathirikkunna kaalatholam ithu sveekaaryamaaya oru oopshanaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
endoscopic retrograde colangiopancriatrogrogro.
camp vardhippikkunnathinte glucagoninte prabhavam splanknik minusamarnna peshikalude vishramathin kaaranamaakunnu, ithu endoscopic retrograde colangiopancriatrogrogro (ercp) nadapadikramatthil duvodenum canulation anuvadikkunnu.
prathikoola phalangal.
glookagan valare vegathil pravartthikkunnu; saadhaarana paarshwafalangalil thalavedana ookkaanam ulppedunnu.
mayakkumarunnu edapedalukal glookagan ooral aantikogulantukalumaayi maathrame edapedunnulloo, ithu rakthasraavam vardhippikkunnu.
ethirvashangal.
vividha tharatthilulla hypoglycemia chikilsikkaan glookagan vaidyashaasthraparamaayi upayogikkaamenkilum, pheochromocytomayulla rogikalil ithu virudhamaanu, kaaranam ithu tumourine catecolamines purathuvidunnathinu prerippikkukayum rakthasammardhathil pettennulla uyarchayilekku nayikkukayum cheyyum. athupole, insulinoma ulla rogikalil glucagon virudhamaanu, kaaranam athinte hyper glycemic prabhavam tumourine insulin purathuvidunnathinu prerippikkukayum ithu hypoglycemy veendedukkunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheyyum.
pravartthana samvidaanam.
glookagan plasma membranilulla jii protein-cuppled resepteraaya glookagan resepterumaayi bandhippikkunnu. resepterile conformation maattam α, β, γ subunitukalulla heterotrimeric proteinaaya jii proteinukale sajeevamaakkunnu. jii protein resepterumaayi samvadikkumbol, athu oru roopeekarana maattathinu vidheyamaakunnu, ithu α subunitumaayi bandhippichirikkunna gdp thanmatra jidipi thanmatra upayogichu maattisthaapikkunnu. eee pakarakkaaran β, γ sabyoonittukalil ninnu α subunit purathuvidunnathinu kaaranamaakunnu. alfa subunit cascadil adutha ensaimaaya adenilate cyclasine prathyekamaayi sajeevamaakkunnu.
adenilate saikles cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic aambu allengil camp) nirmmikkunnu, ithu protein kinace eiii (camp-dependent protein kinace) sajeevamaakkunnu. eee ensime phosphorylase kainesine sajeevamaakkunnu, athu pinneedu glycojan phosphorylase bii aayi phosphorilettu cheyyukayum phosphorylase eiii enna sajeeva roopathilekku parivartthanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. glycojan polymerukalil ninnu glucose-1-phoosphett purathuvidunnathinu kaaranamakunna ensaimaanu phosphorylase eiii.
koodaathe, karalile glycolysisinteyum gluconiogenesinum ekopitha niyanthranam fructose-2,6-bisphosphate enna glycolysisinte sakthamaaya aaktivettarinte roopeekaranathe uthejippikkunna ensaimukalude phosphorylation avasthayaal krameekarikkappedunnu. glucagon aarambhicha cascade uthejippicha protein kinace eiii enna ensime fructose-2,6-bisphosphates, phosphophractokines-2 ennee ensimeukal adangiya dvipravarthana polypeptide shringalayude orotta serin avashishtathe phosphorylate cheyyum. glucagon aarambhicha eee kovalant phosphorylation aadyathethu sajeevamaakkukayum randaamathethu thadayukayum cheiyunnu. ithu fructose-2,6-bisphosphettine (glycolysisinte praadhamika niyanthrana gattamaaya ensaimaaya ensaimaaya sakthamaaya aaktivettar) athinte roopeekarana nirakk mandagathiyilaakkunnathiloodi uthejippikkunna prathikaranatthe niyanthrikkukayum athuvazhi glycolysis paathayude ozhukk thadayukayum gluconiogenesis prabalamaakaan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu. glucagoninte abhaavathil (athinaal, insulin saannidhyam) eee prakriya reversible aanu.
pkaude glookagan uthejanam glycolitic ensaimaaya pairuvettu kainesine nishkriyamaakkunnu.
charithram.
charithram kimbol marlinum pancreatic sathil padikkukayum hyper glycemic gunangalulla oru adhika padaartham kandethukayum cheythu. 1923ll avar glucagonine vivarichu. glucagoninte amino assid shreni shreni avasaanathilaanu vivarichathu. shareerashaasthrathilum rogathilum athinte pankinekkurichu kooduthal poornnamaaya dhaarana 1970-kalil oru prathyeka radio immunoasse vikasippikkunnathuvare sthaapikkappettilla.
2019ll amerikkayilum canadayilum nassel pathipp upayogikkaan amgeekaaram nalki.
2020 desember 10 nuu, europian medisins ejansiyude (iii. emm. eiii) manushya upayogathinulla aushadha uthppannangalkkayulla samiti (ch. emm. pii) oru nalla abhiprayam sweekarichu, pramehathile kadinamaaya hypoglycemy chikilsaykkaayi uddeshichittulla aushadha ulppannamaaya ogloovoykku oru vipanana amgeekaaram nalkaan shupaarsha cheythu. eee aushadha uthppannathinulla apekshakan seris farmaceuticals ireland limittad aanu. 2021 februvariyil europian yooniyanil ithu medical upayogathinaayi amgeekarichu.

