
atlaantik meridian overtaining sarkkuleshan

samudrangalile aagola termohalin sarkkuleshante bhagamaaya atlaantik meridian overtaining sarkkuleshan (amok) atlaantik samudrathile uparithalathinteyum aazhathilulla pravaahangaludeyum sonali integrated gadakamaanu. atlaantik samudrathinte mukal paalikalil choodullathum uppuvellamullathumaya vellathinte vadakkottulla ozhukkum thanuppullathum aazhameriyathumaaya vellathinte thekottulla ozhukkum ithinte savisheshathayaanu. nordic, labrador kadalukalilum thekkan samudrathilum marinja pradeshangalaal eee "kaikaalukal" bandhappettirikkunnu, ennirunnaalum labrador kadalile marinjathinte vyaapthi tharkkavishayamaan. bhoomiyude kalavastha samvidaanathinte oru pradhana gadakamaaya amok, anthareeksha, termohalin chaalakarude falamaanu.
samudrathile thaapatthinte alavu vardhikkunnathiloodeyum urukunna aise sheettukalil ninnulla uyarnna shudhajala ozhukkiloodeyum kalavastha vyathiyaanathin amokkine durbalappedutthaan saadhyathayund. samudrashaasthraparamaaya punarnirmmaanangal pothuve soochippikkunnathu vyaavasaayika viplavathinu munbullathinekkaal amok ithinakam durbalamaanennu, ennirunnaalum kalavastha vyathiyaanathinte pankinekkurichum rakthachamkramanathinte noottaand thothilum sahasraabda thothilum ulla vyathiyanathekkurichum sakthamaaya charchakal nadakkunnundu. 21-aamm noottaandil amok kooduthal durbalamaakumennu kalavastha maathrkakal sthiramaayi pravachikkunnu, ithu vadakke atlaantik driftt choodaakkunna scandinavia, brittan thudangiya pradeshangalile sharashari thapanilaye baadikkukayum vadakke americaykku chuttum samudranirappu uyarunnathu thwarithappeduthukayum vadakkan atlaantikkile praadhamika uthppaadanam kuraykkukayum cheyyum.
amokkinte gurutharamaaya durbalata rakthachamkramanathinte poornnamaaya thakarchaykku kaaranamakum, ithu eluppathil thirichedukkaan kazhiyilla, athinaal kalavastha samvidaanathile tipping poyintukalilonnaanu. samudra, chila bhouma aavaasavyavasthakalil maandyathekkaal valare valia prathyaaghaathangal oru adachupoottal undaakkum ithu europile sharashari thapanilayum mazhayum kuraykkukayum mekhalayile kaarshika ulppaadanam kuraykkukayum theevramaaya kaalaavasthayil ganyamaaya swaadheenam cheluthukayum cheyyum. cuppled model intercompaarisan projakttil upayogikkunna erthu sisttam modalukal soochippikkunnathu 2100 nuu sesham uyarnna thaapanila nilanirthiyathinushesham maathrame adachupoottal saadhyamaakoo, ennaal chila gaveshakar amithamaya sthirathayaayi kandathin avaye vimarsikkukayum niravadhi kuranja sankeernnatha padanangal vaadikkukayum cheiyunnu. maruvashathu, paleosynographic gaveshanam soochippikkunnathu amok mikka modalukalum anumaanikkunnathinekkaal kooduthal sthirathayullathaayirikkaam ennaanu.
mothatthilulla ghadana.
samudrangalile aagola termohalin sarkkuleshante bhagamaaya atlaantik meridian overtaining sarkkuleshan (amok) atlaantik samudrathile uparithalathinteyum aazhathilulla pravaahangaludeyum sonali integrated gadakamaanu. loka samudrangaliloode ozhukunna jalathinte oru maathrkayaanu general termohalin sarkkuleshan. greenlandino antarttikkaykko sameepamulla chila prathyeka sthalangalil orennathil athunnathuvare chooduvellam uparithalathiloode ozhukunnu. avide, vellam mungukayum thudarnnu noorukanakkinu varshangalil mailukal/kilometer aazhathil samudrathinte adithattil izhayukayum kramena pasaphik, indian samudrangalil uyarukayum cheiyunnu. vadakkan uparithala ozhukk ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalil ninnum thekkan ardhagolathil ninnum vadakkan atlaantikkilekku ganyamaaya alavil thaporjjam athikkunnu, avide sakthamaaya thaapanila gradient kaaranam choodu anthareekshathilekku nashtappedunnu. choodu nashtappedumbol vellam saandramaavukayum mungukayum cheiyunnu. eee saandrata nordic, labrador kadalukalile samvahana pradeshangalile choodulla, uparithala avayavathe thanutha, aazhathilulla madakka avayavavumaayi bandhippikkunnu. uparithala jalathinte vyathichalanathin kaaranamakunna ekmaan sakshan aazhathilulla jalathinte mukalilekkulla ozhukkum undaakunna uyarnna pradeshangalilum kaikaalukal bandhippichirikkunnu.
amokkil mukalilum thaazheyumulla koshangal adangiyirikkunnu. vadakkottulla uparithala ozhukkum vadakkan atlaantik aazhathilulla jalathinte (enn. eiii. dii. dablyu) thekottulla madakka pravaahavum ulkkollunnathaan mukalile koshatthinte ghadana. thaazhnna koshatthinte ardhasamudramaaya antartic thaazhathe jalathinte (aabu) vadakkottulla ozhukkine prathinidheekarikkunnu-ithu agaadha samudrathe kulikkunnu.
vadakkan atlaantik samudranirappil, prathyekichu vadakke amerikkayude vadakkukizhakkan theerathu amok oru pradhana niyanthranam earppeduthunnu. 2009-10 shaithyakaalath asaadhaaranamaaya amok durbalamaakunnathu newyork theerapradeshathu 13 centimeter samudranirappu uyarunnathinu kaaranamaayi.
amokkinu rund sthiramaaya avasthakal undaakaam sakthamaaya rakthachamkramanam (sameepakaala sahasraabdangalil kandathupole), durbalamaaya rakthachamkramana reethi, anthareeksham-samudram koottiya pothu rakthachamkramana maathrkakal, idatharam sankeernathayude bhouma samvidaana maathrkakal enniva soochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, niravadhi bhoumavyavastha maathrkakal eee baistability thirichariyunnilla.
kaalaavasthaye badhikkunnu.
atlaantikkile vadakkottulla taapa gathagatham aagola samudrangalil savisheshamaan, koodaathe vadakkan ardhagolathinte aapekshika choodinum ithu kaaranamaakunnu. vadakkan ardhagolathile vadakkottulla aagola anthareeksham-samudra taapa gathaagathatthinte 25 sathamaanam vare amok vahikkunnu. ithu vadakkupadinjaaran europile kaalaavasthaye mechappeduthumennu pothuve karuthappedunnu, ennirunnaalum eee prabhavam charchaavishayamaanu.
oru heett pump, uyarnna akshamsha heett sink ennivayaayi pravartthikkunna amok, vadakkan ardhagolathile ettavum valia kaarban sink aanu, ekadesham c/varsham verthirikkunnu. eee sequestation naravamshajanya aagolathaapanathinte parinaamatthil kaaryamaaya prathyaaghaathangal undaakkunnu-prathyekichu sameepakalathum bhaaviyilum amok oorjjathil prathekshikkunna idivumaayi bandhappett.
termohalin rakthachamkramanavum shudhajalavum.
bhoomadhyarekhayil ninnu dhruvathilekku choodu kooduthalum kondupokunnathu anthareekshathiloodeyum samudra pravaahangaliloodeyum aanu, uparithalathinu sameepam chooduvellavum aazhathilulla thanuppulla vellavum undu. caribean samudrathil ninnu vadakkott cheruchooduvellam kondupookunna kaattil pravartthikkunna gulf aruviyaanu eee rakthachamkramanathinte ettavum ariyappedunna bhagam. gulf aruviyude vadakkottulla shaakhayaaya vadakkan atlaantik driftt termohalin sarkkuleshante (thc) bhagamaanu, ithu choodu vadakku atlaantikkilekku kondupookunnu, avide anthareeksham choodaakkunnathil athinte swaadheenam europine choodaakkaan kaaranamaakunnu.
vadakkan atlaantikkile samudrajalathinte baashpeekaranam jalathinte lavanathvam vardhippikkukayum thanuppikkukayum cheiyunnu, eee rund pravartthanangalum uparithalathile jalathinte saandrata vardhippikkunnu. kadal aise roopappedumbol uppu samudrathilekku puranthallappedunnathil kadal aise roopappedunnathu lavanathvavum saandrathayum kooduthal vardhippikkunnu. eee idathoornna vellam pinneedu mungukayum rakthachamkramanam thekk dishayilekku thudarukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, atlaantik meridian overtaining sarkkuleshan (amok) samudra thapanilayum lavanatha vyathyaasangalum nayikkunnu. ennaal shudhajalam samudrajalathinte lavanathvam kuraykkukayum eee prakriyayiloode thanutha vellam mungunnath thadayukayum cheiyunnu. eee samvidaanam orupakshe greenlandinu sameepam (colled blobe (vadakkan atlaantik)) nilavil nireekshikkunna thanutha samudra uparithala thaapanilayile kramaraahithyathinu kaaranamaayi.
aagolathaapanathin kaaranam vadakkan samudrangalile shudhajalathinte vardhanavu, greenlandile himanikal urukunnathiloodeyum mazha vardhippikkunnathiloode, prathyekichu cyberian nadikaliloode.
florida pravaahathekkurichulla padanangal soochippikkunnathu, cheria himayugathil (~10% prakaram) ettavum durbalamaaya gulf aruvi thanuppinoppam durbalamaakunnu ennaanu.
tiriyunna pradeshangal.
nordic kadalukalile samvahanavum thirichuvaravum.
uyarnna akshaamshangalile kuranja vaayu thaapanila ganyamaaya samudra-vaayu thaapapravaahathinu kaaranamaakukayum jala nirayile saandrata vardhippikkukayum samvahanam nadathukayum cheiyunnu. thuranna samudra samvahanam aazhathilulla ploomukalil sambhavikkunnu, shaithyakaalath kadal-vaayu thaapanila vyathyasam ettavum kooduthalaayirikkumbol ithu prathyekichum shakthamaan. gsrinu (greenland-scotland ridge) mukaliloode thekkott ozhukunna 6 serdrup (esvi) idathoornna vellathil, 3 esvi denmark kadalidukkiloode denmark kadalidukkiloode (disso) ozhukunna vellam (disso) roopappeduthunnu. 0.5-1 ezz. vii. aislaant-pharoo ridjiloode ozhukunnu, backie <aii. dii. 1> ezz. vii. pharoo-shetlaand chaanaliloode madangunnu; eee rund ozhukkukalum aislaant scotland overflo vaattar (aiso) undaakkunnu. pharoo-shetlaand ridjile bhooribhaagam ozhukkum pharoo-baank chaanaliloode ozhukukayum taamasiyaathe island-pharoo ridjiloode ozhukunnathil cherukayum raikjanes ridjinte kizhakkan vashath aazhathil thekkott ozhukukayum cheiyunnu. aiso gsr (greenland-scotland ridge) ozhukumbol, ithu sub-pollar mooad vaattar, labrader kadal jalam thudangiya idatharam saandrathayulla vellathil prakshubdhamaayi praveshikkunnu. jala-pindangalude eee koottam pinneedu reakjains ridjinte kizhakk vashath charley gibbs fracture soniloode bhoomishaasthraparamaayi thekkott neengukayum thudarnnu vadakkott dsoyil cherukayum cheiyunnu. eee jalathe chilappol nordic kadal overflo vaattar (ensove) ennu vilikkunnu. labrador kadalinu chuttum ezz. pii. jii. yude (sub-pollar gyre) uparithala paatha pinthudarnnu enn. ezz. oo. vaii chuzhalikkattaayi ozhukukayum labrador kadaljalathe (ell. ezz. dablyu) kooduthal entraine cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
eee uyarnna akshamshangalil samudra-aise cover vazhi samvahanam adichamarthunnathaayi ariyappedunnu. floating zee aise uparithalathe "pothinju", kadalil ninnu vaayuvilekku thapam neengaanulla kazhivu kuraykkunnu. ithu eee mekhalayil ninnulla samvahanavum aazhathilulla thirichuvaravum kuraykkunnu. 1979ll upagraha rekhakal aarambhichathinusesham venalkkaala artic kadalmannu naadakeeyamaayi pinwangi, ithu 39 varshathinide septambar manjumannu ekadesham 30 sathamaanam nashtamaayi. kalavastha maathrukaa simulationukal soochippikkunnathu bhaaviyile 21-aamm noottaandile kalavastha pravachanagalil septambar artic aise nashtam vegathilum susthiramaayum undakaan saadhyathayund ennaanu.
labrador kadalile samvahanavum praveshanavum.
madhya labrador kadalile aazhathilulla samvahanathiloode, prathyekichu shaityakaala kodunkaattukalil, idatharam aazhathil savisheshamaayi puthiya ell. ezz. dablyu roopappedunnu. eee samvahanam labrador kadalinte aazhathilulla vellathil roopappedunna enso paaliyilekku thulachukayaraan paryaapthamalla. labrador kadalil ninnu thekkott neengaan ensovumaayi cherumbol, vadakkupadinjaaran moolayil enso eluppathil ensic keezhil kadannupokumbol, kurachu elsdablue nilanirthunnu. gsr (greenland-scotland ridge) karakavinjozhukunnathinathu athinte saannidhyavum praveshanavum ezz. pii. jiyude eee vazhithirichuvidalum nilanirthalum vishadeekarikkunnu. ennirunnaalum vazhithirichuvitta ell. ezz. dablyu. yude bhooribhaagavum sii. jii. eph. isadinu (charley-gibbs fracture soonn) munbu vibhajikkukayum padinjaaran ezz. pii. jiyilaanu avasheshikkukayum cheiyunnathu. ell. ezz. dablyu uthppaadanam kadal-vaayu thaapapravaahathe valareyadhikam aasrayikkunnu, vaarshika uthppaadanam saadhaaranayaayi 3 muthal 9 vare ezz. vii. aanu. island-scotland ridjiludaneelamulla saandrata gradiantinu aanupaathikamaayi aiso uthppaadippikkappedunnu, athinaal thaazhekkulla saandrathaye kooduthal parokshamaayi badhikkunna ell. ezz. dablyu ulppaadanathodu sensitiivu aayathinal, vardhicha ell. ezz. dablyu uthppaadanam oru sakthamaaya ezz. pii. jiyumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, koodaathe isoyumaayi paraspara virudhamaanennu anumaanikkappedunnu, eee parasparabandham vyakthigatha overflo vellathil kuravundaakunnathinte eathenkilum lalithamaaya vipuleekaranathe amokkil kuraykkunnathilekku aashayakkuzhappathilaakkunnu. 8. 2 qaa evantinu munbu ell. ezz. dablyu uthppaadanam valare kuravaayirunnuvennu manassilaakkappedunnu, ezz. pii. jii munbu durbalav noonn-convective avasthayil nilavilundaayirunnuvennu karuthappedunnu. amok rakthachamkramanathil, prathyekichu labrador kadal vyathiyaanavum amok vyathiyaanavum thammilulla bandhatthil, labrador kadalile samvahanam ethratholam oru punk vahikkunnu ennathinekkurichu charchakal nadakkunnundu. eee bandham nilavilundo ennathinekkurichu nireekshana padanangal anishchithathvathilaanu. oosnaappu shreniyilulla puthiya nireekshanangal labrador kadalil ninnulla valia sambhavana kanikkunnilla, 1990 muthalulla kappalukalil ninnulla hydrographic nireekshanangal samanamaaya phalangal kaanikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, vyathyastha saankethikavidyakal upayogichu ell. ezz. dablyu roopeekaranathekkurichulla pazhaya kanakkukal valia thirimariyundaakunnathayi soochippikkunnu.
atlaantik uyarcha.
pindatthinte samrakshanathinte kaaranangalal, aagola samudravyavastha thaazhnna pradeshathulla jalathinu thulyamaaya alavil vellam uyarthanam. atlaantikkile uyarcha kooduthalum sambhavikkunnath theeradesha, madhyarekhayile uyarcha samvidaanangal moolamaanu.
karayum kaattil pravartthikkunna vaidyuthadhaarayum thammilulla interfasiloode ekmaan gathaagathatthinte falamaayaanu theeradesha uyarcha sambhavikkunnath. atlaantik samudrathil kaanari vaidyuthadhaaraykkum bengwela vaidyuthadhaaraykkum chuttum ithu prathyekichum sambhavikkunnu. eee rund pradeshangalileyum uyarnna nilavaaram "up welling zee-zoo" ennariyappedunna oru prabhavam aantifesil maathrkayaakkiyittundu.
bhoomadhyarekhayude iruvashathumulla coriolis balatthinte ethir disha kaaranam anthareeksha balaprayogavum vyathichalanavum moolamaanu bhoomadhyarekhayile uyarcha saadhaaranayaayi sambhavikkunnath. thermoclininte kudiyettam polulla kooduthal sankeernamaaya samvidaanangal atlaantik savisheshathayaanu, prathyekichu kizhakkan atlaantikkile.
thekkan samudrathinte uyarcha.
vadakkan atlaantik aazhathilulla jalam praadhamikamaayi thekkan samudrathile atlaantik traansekttinte thekke attathaanu. eee uyarcha saadhaaranayaayi amokkumaayi bandhapetta uyarchayude bhooribhaagavum ulkkollunnu, ithu aagola vyaapanavumayi bandhippikkunnu. aagolathalathil, nireekshanangal soochippikkunnathu thekkan samudrathile aazhathilulla kinarukalude 80 sathamaanavum.
eee uyarcha uparithalathilekku valia alavil poshakangal nalkunnu, ithu jaiva pravartthanatthe pinthunaykkunnu. deerghakaala kaalayalavil kaarban sink enna nilayil samudrathinte pravarthanatthinu poshakangalude uparithala vitharanam nirnaayakamaan. koodaathe, vellam saadhaaranayaayi 1000 varsham pazhakkamullathum anthareekshathile naravamshajanya vardhanavinodu samvedanakshamatha illaathathumaayathinaal, kinattilulla vellathil layikkunna kaarbaninte saandrata kuravaanu. kaarban saandrata kuravaayathinaal, eee uyarcha oru kaarban singhai pravartthikkunnu. nireekshana kaalaghattatthile kaarban singhile vyathiyaanam sookshumamaayi padikkukayum charcha cheyyukayum cheythittundu. 2002 vare sinkinte valippam kurayukayum pinneedu 2012 vare vardhikkukayum cheythathayi manassilaakkappedunnu.
mukalilekku kayariya sesham, vellam rund paathakalilonn sweekarikkumennu manassilaakkappedunnu kadal-manjinaduthulla uparithalam saadhaaranayaayi idathoornna thaazhathe vellamayi maarukayum amokkinte thaazhnna koshavumayi bandhappettirikkukayum cheiyunnu; ikman gathagatham kaaranam thaazhnna akshamshangalil vellam uparithalam kooduthal vadakkott neengukayum mukalile koshavumayi bandhappettirikkukayum cheiyunnu.
trendukal.
punarnirmmaanangal.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil undaayirunnathinekkaal amok ithinakam durbalamaanenna sidhaanthathe kalavastha punarnirmmaanangal pothuve pinthunaykkunnu. udaaharanathinu, 2010 leeii oru sthithivivarakkanakku vishakalanam 1930 kalude avasaanam muthal amokkinte durbalata thudarukayaanennu kandethi, 1970 oode oru vadakkan atlaantik overtaining sellinte pettennulla maattathode. kalavastha shaasthranjaraaya penn stettile maikkal maan, potsdam instittyoott phoor klaimat impact researchil ninnulla stephaan ramstorf ennivar soochippichathu thaapanila recordukalude varshangalil nireekshicha thanutha paatten atlaantik samudrathinte meridian overtaining sarkkuleshan (amok) durbalamaakumennathinte soochanayaanu. avar 2015-ll avarude kandethalukal prasidheekarikkukayum irupathaam noottaandiludaneelam amok sarkkuleshan mandagathiyilaakukayaanennum 1975-nuu sesham athu prakadippicha balaheenata kazhinja sahasraabdathil abhoothapoorvamaanennum nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu. 1975 nuu sesham amok bhaagikamaayi veendedukkappettengilum, bhaaviyile greenland aise sheett urukunnath athine kooduthal durbalappedutthaan saadhyathayundennu avar abhiprayappettu. 2015leeii mattoru patanam soochippikkunnathu 200 varshathinide amok <aii. dii. 1> durbalamaayi ennaanu. 2018ll mattoru punarnirmmaanam irupathaam noottaandinte madhyam muthal ekadesham 15 sathamaanam durbalamayathaayi soochippichu. ennirunnaalum, eee kandethalukalellaam 2022 leeii gaveshanangal velluvilichu, ithu 1900 num 2019 num idayil, kalavastha vyathiyanathaal prerithamaaya oru pravanatha 1980 vare uyarnnuvaraan thudangiyitillennum athu rakthachamkramanathinte swaabhaavika vyathiyanavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ippozhum mangukayaanennum soochippikkunnu.
chila padanangal vyavasaayathin munbulla bhoothakaalathilekku aazhathil pookaan shramikkunnu. 2018-ll atharathilulla oru prabandham, kazhinja 1500 varshathe amokkumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol kazhinja 150 varshathe amok asaadhaaranamaaya balaheenata kaanikkunnuvennum cheria himayugathinu sesham amok kurayunnathinte maathrkayilulla samayakramathil oru poruthakkedundennum soochippichu. 2021 februvariyil, "nechar jio sayansil" prasidheekaricha oru patanam, muun sahasraabdathil amokkinte abhoothapoorvamaaya durbalata kandathayi report cheythu, ithu manushyarude pravartthanangal moolamaanu eee maattam sambhavichathennathinte soochanayaanu. amok ithinakam ekadesham 15 sathamaanam mandagathiyilaayirunnuvennum athinte saha-rachayithaav paranju, ippol athinte prathyaaghaathangal kaanapedunnu "20 muthal 30 varshathinullil ithu kooduthal durbalamakan saadhyathayund, athu anivaryamaayum nammude kaalaavasthaye badhikkum, athinaal europile kodunkaattukaludeyum choodu thiramaalakaludeyum vardhanavu naam kaanum, koodaathe amerikkayude kizhakkan theerathu samudranirappu uyarunnu."2022 februvariyil, 17 shaasthranjar saha-rachayithavaaya" "nechar jio sayans" "oru" "uthbhavikkunna karyangal" "enna vyaakhyaana lekhanam prasidheekarichu, athu aaa kandethalukale tharkkikkukayum deerghakaala amok pravanatha anishchithathvathil thudarukayaanennu vaadikkukayum cheythu". 2021 leeii padanatthinte rachayithaakkalil ninnulla "uyarnnuvarunna karyangal" enna lekhanathodulla prathikaranavum jenal prasidheekarichirunnu, avide avar avarude kandethalukale nyaayeekarichu.
2021 februvariyil, oru patanam kazhinja 30 varshathe amok vyathiyaanathe punarnirmmikkukayum idivu undaayathinulla thelivukalonnum kandethukayum cheythu. 2021 augustil, "prakrithi kalavastha vyathiyaanam" enna prasidheekaranathil prasidheekaricha patanam ettu swatantra amok soochikakalil kaaryamaaya mattangal kaanikkukayum avaa "sthirathayude eathaandu poornnamaaya nashtam" soochippikkumennu nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, samudra thapanilayudeyum lavanathvathinteyum oru noottaandilere kaalathe daattaye ithu aakarshikkumbol, ettu soochakangaludeyum sthiramaaya rekhakal nilanirthunnathinaayi 1900 nuu munbum 1980 nuu sheshavumulla 35 varshathe ellah daattayum ozhivakkaan ithu nirbandhithamaayi. 2022 eprilil, "prakrithi kalavastha vyathiyaanam" enna prasidheekaranathil prasidheekaricha mattoru patanam 1900 num 2019 num idayil ekadesham 120 varshathe daatta upayogikkukayum 1900 num 1980 num idayil oru maattavum kandethukayum cheythu, amok shakthiyil otta-serdrup kuravu 1980 vare uyarnnuvannilla-ithu swaabhaavika vyathiyaanathinte paridhiyil avasheshikkunna oru vyathiyaanamaan. 2022 maarchil oru avalokana lekhanam, aagolathaapanathethudarnnu amok deerghakaalathekku durbalamaakaamenkilum, 1980 muthalulla athinte parinamam vishakalanam cheyyumbol athu kandethuka prayaasamaanennu nigamanam cheythu, kaaranam aaa samayaparidhi durbalamaakunnathinum shakthippeduthunnathinu rund kaalaghattangalum avatharippikkunnu, koodaathe maattatthinte vyaapthi anishchithathvathilaanu (5 sathamaanathinum 25 sathamaanathinum idayil). kooduthal sensiteevum deerghakaalavumaaya gaveshanathinulla aahvaanathode avalokanam avasaanichu.
nireekshanangal.
amokkinte shakthiyekkurichulla nerittulla nireekshanangal 2004 muthal atlaantikkile 26°n-ll inn sittu mooring shreniyil ninnu maathrame labhyamaayittulloo, munbathe amok swabhaavathinte paroksha thelivukal maathrame avasheshikkunnulloo. kalavastha maathrkakal aagolathapana saahacharyangalil amokkinte durbalata pravachikkumbol, avaa palappozhum vaidyuthadhaarayude nireekshanangalumaayo punarnirmmaanangalumaayo poruthappedaan paadupedunnu. prathyekichum, cuppled model intercompaarisan projakttinte (sii. emm. aii. pii5) anchaam ghattathil pankedukkunna kalavastha modalukal pravachichathinekkaal 10 sathamaanam kooduthalaanu aii. dii. 1. kaalayalavil kanduvarunna idivu ennirunnaalum, chila shaasthranjar ithinu kaaranam kalavastha-nirbandhitha pravanathayekkaal pratheekshichathilum valia interdecadal vyathiyaanamaan. 2021 februvariyil, oru patanam soochippichathu amok yadhaarthathil aaa idivil ninnu karakayarukayum kazhinja 30 varshathinidayil mothatthilulla amok idivu undaayathinulla thelivukalonnum kandethukayum cheythuvennaanu. athupole, 2020-ll prasidheekaricha oru "shaasthra purogathi" padanatthil, athe kaalayalavil vadakkan atlaantik samudrathil kaaryamaaya mattangal undaayittum, 1990 kalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol amok rakthachamkramanathil kaaryamaaya mattamonnum kandethiyilla.
2010lum athinu munbum.
2004 eprilil, gulf stream switch oof cheiyunnu enna sidhaanthathinu yuu-yude munkaala vishakalanathil oru uthejanam labhichu.ezz. gulf aruviyude vadakkan chuzhalikkattaaya vadakkan atlaantik gairinte vegatha kurayunnathaayi upagraha daatta kaanikkunnu.
2005 meyy maasathil, peettar wadhams "dhii times" (lunden) ll artic aise sheettinu keezhilulla oru antharvaahiniyile anweshanathinte falangalekkurichu report cheythu, athil thanutha idathoornna vellathinte bheeman chimmanikal alakkunnu, athil thanutha idathoornna vellam saadhaaranayaayi kadaltheerathekku mungukayum pakaram chooduvellam upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu, ithu vadakkan atlaantik drifttinte enchinukalilonnaanu. chimmanikal phalatthil aprathyakshamayathaayi adhehavum samghavum kandethi. saadhaaranayaayi ezhu muthal panthrand vare bheeman nirakalundenkilum vaadhangal rund bheeman nirakal maathrame kandethiyulloo, randum valare durbalamaanu.
gulf aruviyil ninnu vellam vadakkott kondupookunna choodulla pravahangalil 2005-ll 30 sathamaanam kuravu 1992-leeii avasaanathe alavil ninnu nireekshikkappettu. alavukalile anishchithathvangal rachayithakkal shradhichu. maadyama charchakaletthudarnnu, briden muthalaayavarude kanakkukoottalukalude anishchithathvam detlef quadfassel choondikkaatti."ithu uyarnnathaan, ennaal mattu gadakangalum nireekshanangalum avayude phalangale pinthunaykkunnuvennum paaliyoklaimettu recordukale adisthaanamaakkiyulla prathyaaghaathangal pathittaandukalkkullil vaayuvinte thaapanila 10 digri selshyas vare kurayunnuvennum oru nischitha paridhi athumbol samudrapravaahathinte pettennulla mattangalumaayi bandhappettirikkunnavum parayunnu. rakthachamkramanathinte vinashakaramaaya thakarchayekkurichu munkootty munnariyipp nalkunnathinu kooduthal nireekshanangalum modeling nirnaayakamaanennu addeham nigamanam cheythu. prathikaranamaayi kwirin shearmeyer nireekshanangalkk swaabhaavika vyathiyaanamaan kaaranamenn nigamanam cheythuvenkilum saadhyamaaya prathyaaghaathangal eduthukaanichu.
2008ll, veju thudangiyavar. " "aii. dii. 1> shaithyakaalath labrador, irminger kadalukalile sabpolar gairilekk aazhathilulla samvahanam madangiyethiyathaayi report cheythu," "aazhathilulla mixing rekhappeduthunnathinaayi argo prograamil ninnulla profiling float daatta upayogikkunnu", "koodaathe" "vaividhyamaarnna inn sittu, saattalait, reanalysis daatta" "eee prathibhaasatthinte sandarbham sajjamaakkunnathin". thanutha vellathile chimmani swabhaavathile vyathiyaanangalekkurichu nireekshanangalumaayi ithinu valareyadhikam bandhamundakaam.
termohalin rakthachamkramanam mandagathiyilaakkukayo allengil saadhyamaaya adachupoottalo cheyyuka.
oru pradhana samudrasanchayathil kalavastha vyathiyaanathinte anumanaparamaaya falamaanu termohalin rakthachamkramanathinte mandagathiyilo adachupoottalilo sambhavikkunnath. gulf aruvi eee rakthachamkramanathinte bhagamaanu, vadakkan europe saadhaaranayekkaal choodullathinte bhagamaanu; edinburghinu moscoyude athe akshaamshamund. termohalin rakthachamkramanam lokamembaadumulla kaalaavasthaye swaadheenikkunnu. amokkinte thakarchayudeyum adachupoottalinteyum prathyaaghaathangalil kaarshika ulppaadanathile nashtam, aavaasavyavasthayile mattangal, mattu kalavastha tipping pooyintukalude prachodanam enniva ulppedaam. madhya akshaamshangalile mazha kurayuka, ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalilum europilum sakthamaaya mazhayude reethikal maaruka, vadakkan atlaantik paatha pinthudarunna kodunkaattukale shakthippeduthuka ennivayaanu amok idivu undakkaan saadhyathayulla mattu prathyaaghaathangal. oduvil, oru idivu vadakke american theerathu sakthamaaya samudranirappu uyarunnathinoppam undaakum.
amok sthiratha.
atlaantik overtaining aagola rakthachamkramanathinte oru sthiramaaya savisheshathayalla, marichu thapanilayudeyum lavanatha vitharanathinteyum anthareeksha shakthiyudeyum sensitiivu pravarthanamaanu. amok weerd, konfigareshan ennivayude paleosynographic punarnirmmaanangal bhoomishaasthraparamaaya samayathe apekshichu ganyamaaya vyathiyanangal velippeduthi, ithu cheria skeyilukalil nireekshikkunna vyathiyaanangalkk poorakamaanu.
vadakkan atlaantikkinte "shutdown" allengil "heinrich" modile punarnirmmaanangal aagola kalavastha vyathiyaanam moolam vyathiyaanathilaakunna rakthachamkramanathinte bhaaviyile thakarchayekkurichulla aashankakalkku aakkam koottiyittundu. oru adachupoottalinte bhauthikashaasthram stomal vibhajanathinu adivarayidum, avide vardhicha shudhajalam allengil choodulla uparithala jalam ovarteningil pettennulla kuravinu kaaranamaakukayum athil ninnu punaraarambhikkunnathin munbu balam ganyamaayi kuraykkukayum venam. 2022-ll, sisttathinte rakthachamkramanathile munkaala multidecadal vyathiyaanangalude shakthamayi vardhichuvarunna "memory" oru tipping pooyintinte neratheyulla munnariyipp soochakamaayi pravartthikkumennu oru patanam soochippichu.
thaazhnna pradeshangalile shudhajalathinteyum thaapathinteyum shekharanamaaya rund positteev prathikaranangal oru amok shattdauninu indhanam pakarunnu. amok vadakkan atlaantik samudrathil ninnu shudhajalam kayattumathi cheiyunnu, marinju kurayunnathu jalathe puthumayullathaakkukayum thaazhnna pradeshathe vellachaattathe thadayukayum cheyyum. shudhajalathinte kayattumathikk samaanamaayi, amok aagolathapana bharanathil aazhathilulla samudrathile choodu vibhajikkunnu-durbalamaaya amok aagola thaapanila vardhippikkunnathinum kooduthal stareekaranathinum mandagathiyilekkum nayichekkaam. ennirunnaalum, durbalamaaya amokkinu keezhil vadakkan atlaantikkilekkul chooduvella gathaagathathil oru anubandha kuravundaakunnathiloode eee prabhavam mandeebhavikkum, ithu samvidaanathekkurichulla negatteevu feedbaakkaanu. koodaathe, 2022 muthalulla oru paleosynographic punarnirmmaanatthil, samudranirappu ekadesham 50 meter uyarnnappol, 000 varshangalkk munbu avasana holocene deglation-aidi1-neey nirbandhithamaakkunna valia shudhajalathil ninnu parimithamaaya swaadheenam maathrame kandethiyittulloo. amokkil shudhajalathinte swaadheenam mikka modalukalum amithamaayi kanakkakkunnuvennu athu nirddeshichu.
thapanilayeyum lavanathvatheyum kurichulla positteev, negatteevu prathikaranangalude prashnam sankeernamaakkunnathinu, amokkinte kaattil pravartthikkunna ghadakam ippozhum poornnamaayum parimithappedutthiyittilla. anthareekshathil nirbandham vaykkunnathinte thaarathamyena valia punk mukalil listtucheythirikkunna termohalin gadakangale aashrayikkunnath kuraykkunnathilekku nayikkukayum aagolathaapanathin keezhil thapanilaykkum lavanathaykkum amokkine durbalamaakkukayum cheyyum.
onniladhikam santhulithaavasthayum eaka santhulithaavasthayum.
palio ausianographic punarnirmmaanathodoppam kalavastha maathrkakal upayogichu thakarchayude samvidaanavum saadhyathayum anweshikkappettittund. intermediat sankeernathayude (emics) bhouma maathrkakal charitraparamaayi oru aadhunika amokkinu onniladhikam santhulithaavasthayundenna pravachichittundu, ithu choodulla, thanutha, adachupoottal reethikal aayi savisheshamaan. orotta santhulithaavasthayude savisheshathayilulla sthirathayulla amokkilekku pakshapaatham kaanikkunna kooduthal samagramaya modalukalil ninnu ithu vyathyasthamaan. ennirunnaalum, nireekshanangalumaayi vairudhyamulla oru model vadakkottulla shudhajala pravaham eee sthirathayekkurichu samshayam prakadippikkunnu. modalukalile bhouthikamallaatha vadakkottulla ozhukk thiriyunnathinekkurichu negatteevu feedbaakkaayi pravartthikkukayum sthirathayodu thettaaya pakshapaatham kaanikkukayum cheiyunnu. maruvashathu, classic emixukalil upayogikkunna nischalamaaya shudhajalam nirbandhikkunnathu valare lalithamaanennum 2022 leeii oru padanatthil kooduthal yaadhaarthyabodhamulla shanikamaaya shudhajala fluxes upayogikkunnathinaayi oru stommalinte dvibhajana emic parishkarichathaayum eee maattam 1000 varshathilere modelle tipping swabhaavathe vaikippichathayi kandethi. samanamaaya neenda kaalathamasam nireekshikkappettappol, meltt vaattar pulse 1ayodulla amok prathikaranatthinte punarnirmmaanavumaayi eee simuleshan kooduthal poruthappedunnuvennu patanam soochippichu.
maandyathinte prathyaaghaathangal.
yooniversitti oof southu florida koleju oof maraine sayansile doonn chambers prasthaavichu "mandagathiyilulla amokkinte pradhana phalam vadakkan atlaantikkinu chuttumulla thanutha shaithyakaalavum venalkkaalavum, vadakke american theerathe samudranirappil cheria praadeshika vardhanavumaanu."jaims hanson makkiko saattoyum prasthaavichu 
vardhichuvarunna sthareekaranavum samudra paalikal thammilulla poshaka kaimaattatthile gurutharamaaya idivum kaaranam vadakkan atlaantik plankton ennam avayude thadassathinu munbulla biomassinte pakuthiyil thazheyaayi kurayumennu 2005 leeii oru prabandham soochippichu. 2019-ll, vadakkan atlaantikkile phaittoplanktan uthppaadanakshamathayil kanda ~10% idivu eee sidhaanthathinu thelivukal nalkumennu oru patanam soochippichu.
atlaantik meridian overtaining sarkkuleshante maandyam praadeshika samudranirappu uyarunnathumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu. 
2015 leeii oru prabandham amok maandyathinum thakarchaykkum keezhilulla aagola samudra mattangal anukarikkukayum mattu samudrangaliludaneelam valia vardhanavu kaaranam aagolathalathil ithu cheruthaayi vardhikkunnathupole vadakkan atlaantikkile alinja ooksijan alavu valareyadhikam kuraykkumennu kandethukayum cheythu. 2018ll amok maandyam theeradesha deeksijaneshan vardhikkunnathumaayi bandhappettirunnu. 2020ll ithu thekkan atlaantikkile vardhichuvarunna lavanathvavumaayi bandhappettirunnu.
2016ll prasidheekaricha oru padanatthil yuu. esinu chuttumulla samudranirappu uyarunnathil maandyam ganyamaaya swaadheenam cheluthunnathinu kooduthal thelivukal kandethi.ezz. kizhakkan theeram. aagola saraashariyekkaal 3 muthal 4 madangu vare valarchaa nirakk thirichuvidaan saadhyathayulla eee pradeshathe uyarunna samudrangalude oru hotspottayi thiricharinja muun gaveshana kandethalukal patanam sthireekarikkunnu. amokkinte vegatha kurayunnathu moolam kurayunna aazhathilulla jala roopeekaranam enna samudra rakthachamkramana samvidaanamaanu saadhyamaaya vardhanavinu kaaranamenn gaveshakar parayunnu, ithu uparithalathinu thaazhe kooduthal choodulla jalasanjayangalilekku nayikkunnu. koodaathe, patanam abhiprayappettu, "aagola saraashariyekkaal uyarnna kaarban udvamana nirakkum eee mekhalayile [samudranirappu uyaran] kaaranamaakunnuvenn njangalude phalangal soochippikkunnu."
2020-ll, oru patanam 21-aamm noottaandil prathekshikkunna amok durbalappedunnathinte phalangal vilayiruthiyathu, ithu thudarchayaayi vardhichuvarunna udvamanathinte bhaviye chithreekarikkunna praathinidhya saandrata paatha 8.8 nuu keezhilaanu. eee saahacharyathil, durbalamaaya amok artic kadal manjuveezhchaye mandagathiyilaakkukayum ekadesham 6 varshathekku manjumukthamaaya articayude aavirbhaavathe vaikippikkukayum cheyyum, athupole thanne labrador kadal, greenland kadal, baarants kadal, okhotsku kadal ennivayude arikukalil 50 sathamaanathiladhikam kadal aise nashtam thadayukayum cheyyum. ithu thekkott idunna anthar ushnamekhalaa kanverjans sonine kandethi, anubandha mazha ushnamekhalaa atlaantik samudrathinu mukaliloode vadakkott vardhikkukayum thekkott kurayukayum cheiyunnu, ennaal arcp 8.5-maayi bandhapetta mazhayile valia mattangalaal aaa pravanathakal durbalamaakumennu munnariyipp nalki. oduvil, eee maandyam padinjaaran jettukalude sthaanachalanathethudarnnu islandic thaazhnnathum aleusian thaazhnnathumaaya pradeshangale kooduthal aazhathilaakkumenn kandethi.
2021-ll, amok, greenland aise sheett, vestt antartic aise sheett, aamason mazhakkaadukal (ariyappedunna kalavastha tipping pooyintukal) ennivaye lalithamaaya samavaakyangaliloode bandhippikkunna oru aashayaparamaaya network model vikasippichu. amokkile mattangal kalavastha samvidaanathinte mattu gadakangalil tipping swabhaavathinu kaaranamaakumenn pratheekshikkunnillengum, tippingilekk maarunna mattethenkilum kalavastha ghadakam amok maandyam madhyasthatha vahikkunna oru bandhatthiloode mattullavareyum badhikkumennum ithu soochippikkunnu. thathfalamaayi, amok maandyam aagolathapana paridhi kuraykkum, athinappuram aaa naalu gadakangalil (amok ulppede) eathenkilum onnu avasaanikkumenn pratheekshikkaam, aaa gadakangale otappetta padanatthil ninnu sthaapicha paridikk vipareethamaayi.
kalavastha tipping pooyintukalude saambathika prathyaaghaathathekkurichu 2021 leeii vilayiruthal, tipping pooyintukal pothuve kaarbaninte saamoohika vila ekadesham 25 sathamaanam vardhippikkumennum, tipping pooyintukal erattiyaakunnathinekkaal 10 sathamaanam kooduthal saadhyathayundennum, amok maandyam vipareethamaayi pravartthikkaanum kaarbaninte saamoohika vila ekadesham 1.4 sathamaanam kuraykkaanum saadhyathayund, kaaranam ithu europile choodinte prathyaaghaathangale prathirodhikkaan pravartthikkum, ithu kooduthal vikasichathum angane aagola gdpyude oru valia bhaagathe prathinidheekarikkunnathum. adutha varsham, eee kandethalum padanatthinte vishalamaaya kandethalukalum steevu inshiyettu, timothi lentan ennivarulppedeyulla oru koottam shaasthranjar kadutha vimarsikkukayum aaa kandethalukal gurutharamaaya kurachukaanal aanennu kanakkaakkukayum cheythu. thangalude prabandham anthima vaakkinekkaal tipping pooyintukalude saambathika vilayiruthalinte prarambha pooyintaayi kanakkakkanamennum avarude mettaa vishakalanathil ulppeduthiyittulla mikka saahityangalkkum vipaniyallaatha kalavastha naashanashtangal kanakkakkaanulla kazhivillaathathinaal avayude ennam kurachukaanaanaan saadhyatha ennu abhipraayappettukondu rachayithakkal eee vimarshanathodu prathikarichittundu.
adachupoottalinte prathyaaghaathangal.
amok oru baistabil systemayirikkaanulla saadhyatha (athu "oonn" allengil "oof" aanu), pettennu thakarnnekkaam ennathu valarekkaalamaayi shaasthreeya charchaavishayamaanu. pettennulla amok adachupoottalinte falamaayi 2010 num 2020 num idayil europile sharashari vaarshika thaapanila 6 fahrenheit kurayumennu soochippikkunna pentagon prathirodha upadeshtaavu andrew marshell niyogicha oru reportinte kandethalukal 2004 ll guardian parasyappedutthi.
pothuve, aagolathaapanathethudarnnu termohalin sarkkuleshan adachupoottunnathu vadakkan atlaantik, europe, vadakke america ennividangalil thanuppin kaaranamakum. vadakkan atlaantik driftt choodaakkunna britiish dveepukal, france, nordic rajyangal thudangiya pradeshangale ithu prathyekichum badhikkum. praadeshika thanuppikkal koodaathe, valia vellappokkathinteyum kodunkaattinteyum vardhana, plankton stokkukalude thakarcha, ushnamekhalaa pradeshangalilo alaskayileyo antarttikkayileyo thapanam allengil mazhayile mattangal, crushio, leuvin, gulf stream, allengil oru samudra anoxic ivant ennivayude athe termohalin rakthachamkramanavumaayi bandhapetta kizhakkan australian pravaahangal ennivayude anubandha adachupoottal moolam kooduthal pathivaayathum theevravumaaya ell nino sambhavangal enniva pradhana prathyaaghaathangalil ulppedaam-nischalamaaya samudrangalude uparithalathinu thaazheyulla ooksijan () poornnamaayum illaathaakunnu-ithu munkaalathe vanthothilulla vamshanasha sambhavangalude oru kaaranamaan.
2002-ll, oru amok shattdauninu kazhinja himayugathil sambhavicha pettennulla valia thaapanila maattangalude tharam prachodippikkaan kazhiyumennu oru patanam soochippichirunnu dansguard-oashar sambhavangalude oru parambara-drutha kalavastha ettakkurachilukal-uyarnna akshaamshathil shudhajalam thc thadassappeduthunnu. 2002 modalil thc adachupoottaan nirbandhithamaakkunna thanuppikkal kaanikkunnu-praadeshikamaayi 8 digri selshyas (14 digri fahrenheit) vare. 2017 leeii oru avalokanam, cheruppakkaaraaya driakalum niravadhi heinriq sambhavangalum polulla pettennulla kalavastha sambhavangalil amokkinte shakthiyilum ghadanayilum munkaala maattangalkk sakthamaaya thelivukalundennu nigamanam cheythu.
jaims haansante neethrthwathilulla 2015 leeii oru padanatthil amokkinte adachupoottal allengil ganyamaaya maandyam, kadutha end-eemiyan sambhavangalkk kaaranamakunnathinoppam, kadutha kaalaavasthayude kooduthal pothuvaaya vardhanavinu kaaranamaakumenn kandethi. aise urukunnathil ninnulla adhika uparithala thanupp uparithalavum thaazhnna troposphere thaapanila gradiantukalum vardhippikkukayum model simuleshanukalil madhya akshamsha troposphereludanilam madhya-akshamsha eddi oorjjathinte valia vardhanavinu kaaranamaakukayum cheiyunnu. ithu sakthamaaya thaapanila gradiantukal uthppaadippikkunna baroclinisity vardhippikkunnathilke nayikkunnu, ithu kooduthal kadinamaaya kalavastha sambhavangalkk oorjjam nalkunnu. superstaarms" ennariyappedunna shaityakaala, shaityakaala chuzhalikkaattukal ithil ulppedunnu, ithu chuzhalikkaatt-shakthiyodu koodiya kaattum palappozhum valia alavil manjuveezhchayum srishtikkunnu. amok adachupoottalil ninnu vadakkan atlaantikkile sakthamaaya thanupp vadakkukizhakkan pradeshangalude seasonal sharashari kaattinte vegatha vyavasaayathin munbulla avasthakalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol 10-20% vare vardhippikkaan saadhyathayundennu eee phalangal soochippikkunnu. kaattinte oorjjam shayikkunnathu kaattinte vegathayude cubinu aanupaathikamaayathinaal, ithu kodunkaattinte oorjjam kshayikkunnathinte vardhanayilekku vivarthanam cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, simulated mattangal soochippikkunnathu valia grid boxukalil sharashari seasonal sharashari kaattineyaan, vyakthigatha kodunkaattukaleyalla.
2017 ll, ell nino-sathen oosileshan (enso) ennathil oru shattdauninte phalangal oru patanam vilayiruthi, pakshe mothatthilulla oru phalavum kandethiyilla, vyathyasthamaaya anthareeksha prakriyakal parasparam raddaakkunnu. 2021-ll, oru community erthu sisttam model upayogichulla oru patanam soochippikkunnathu oru amok maandyam ennirunnaalum ell nino-sathen aandolanathinte shakti vardhippikkukayum angane kalavastha athirukal vardhippikkukayum cheiyumennu, prathyekichu amok maandyathodulla prathikaranamaayi pasaphik samudrathil mattoru meritional overtaining sarkkuleshan vikasikkukayaanenkil. ithinu vipareethamaayi, 2022 leeii oru patanam kaanikkunnath oru amok thakarcha pasaphik vyapara kaattum wacker sarkuleshanum thwarithappeduthumennum athesamayam indian, thekkan atlaantik uposhnamekhalaa uyarangale durbalappeduthumennum. athe teamil ninnulla adutha patanam kaanikkunnath, aaa marria anthareeksha paattenukalude phalam enso variabilityil 30 sathamaanam kuravum theevramaaya ell nino sambhavangalude aavruthiyile 95 sathamaanam kuravumaanu. innathethil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, kizhakkan pasaphik ell nino evantukalekkaal madhyabhaagathaanu ell nino evantukal kooduthalaayi sambhavikkunnath. athesamayam, ithu lokamembaadum oru laa nina samsthaanathe aadipathyamullathaakkum, ithu kizhakkan austreliyayil kooduthal thudarchayaayi kanatha mazhaykkum thekkupadinjaaran yunaittad stetsil kooduthal varalchaykkum kaattutheeykkum kaaranamakum.
2020ll, grettu brittanile krishiyilum bhakshya ulppaadanathilum amok thakarchayude swaadheenam oru patanam vilayiruthiyirunnu. amok thakarcha grettu brittanile aagolathaapanathinte aaghaathathe vipareethamaakkukayum sharashari thaapanila 3.4 digri selshyas kurayukayum cheiyumennu ithu kanakkakki. koodaathe, valarunna seasonil mazha ekadesham 123 millimeterinu thaazhe kurayum, ithu krishiyogyamaaya krishiykku anuyojyamaaya bhoopradesam 32 sathamaanathil ninnu 7 shathamaanamaayi kuraykkum. britiish krishiyude motham moolyam prathivarsham ekadesham 34.6 kodi poundu allengil 10 sathamaanathiladhikam kurayum.
2021 leeii oru patanam aamason mazhakkaadukalil adachupoottalinte swaadheenavum chila kalavastha vyathiyana saahacharyangalil athinte sidhaanthithamaaya diaback oru savanna samsthaanathilekkulla parivartthanavum vilayiruthaan lalithamaaya modeling sameepanam upayogichu. oru anthar ushnamekhalaa kanverjans soninte maattam kaaranam oru adachupoottal thekkan aamasonil mazha vardhippikkumennum angane diabockine prathirodhikkanum mazhakkaadukalude thekkan bhaagathenkilum sthirappeduthaanum sahayikkumennum athu nirddeshichu.
pravachanangal.
amokkinte bhaavi shakthiyekkurichulla gaveshanam kaalakramatthil chuvade kaanichirikkunnu. ithu praadhamikamaayi anthareeksham-samudra pothu sanjarana modalukalude pravachanangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, ennirunnaalum ipcc reportukal polulla valia avalokanangal innathe nireekshanangalum charitraparamaaya punarnirmmanangalum vazhi ariyikkappedunnu, ithu vishalamaaya saadhyathakal kanakkiledukkaanum modalukal vyakthamaayi ulkkollaatha sambhavangalkk saadhyatha nalkaanum avare anuvadikkunnu.
2001 oode, ipcc moonnaamathe vilayiruthal report thc nirthunnathinekkaal durbalappeduthumennum europil polum choodu phalangal thanuppikkunnathinekkaal kooduthalaayirikkumennum uyarnna aathmavishwaasam pravachichu.
2014ll ipcc anchaam moolyanirnnaya report prasidheekarichappol, amokkinte druthagathiyilulla parivartthanam "valare saadhyathayillaathathaanu" ennu kanakkakkappedukayum eee vilayiruthal "uyarnna aathmavishwaasa" thalathilaanu vaagdaanam cheythath. aaa vilayiruthalinu niravadhi parimithikalundaayirunnu, amok sthirathayodulla cmip modalukalude pakshapaatham, greenland aise sheett urukia vellathinte nuzhanjukayattam moolamundaakunna rakthachamkramanathekkurichulla aparyapthamaaya vishakalanam.
2016ll, ettu athyaadhunika kalavastha maathrkakalil ninnulla pravachanagalil greenland aise sheett meltt esttimettukal cherthu eee kuravu pariharikkaanaan oru patanam lakshyamittath. intermediat" praathinidhya saandrata pathayil amok ekadesham 18 sathamaanam (3 muthal 34 sathamaanam vare durbalappedaanulla saadhyatha) durbalamaakumennum athesamayam prathinidhi saandrata pathayil ithu 37 sathamaanam (15 muthal 65 sathamaanam vare) durbalamaakumennum ithu kandethi. rund saahacharyangalum 2100nuu sesham neettumbol, amok aarr. sii. pii 4.5nuu keezhil sthiratha kaivarikkukayum ennaal aarr. sii. pii. 8.8nuu keezhil kurayukayum cheiyunnu, sharashari 74 sathamaanam kuravum oru samboornna thakarchayude 44 sathamaanam saadhyathayum undu.
2017-ll, mattoru patanam community kalavastha samvidaana maathrkayil pakshapatha thiruthal prayogikkukayum 1990 leeii nilavaaratthil ninnu pettennu erattiyaayi sthiratha nilanirthunna oru aadarshaparamaaya sahacharyam anukarikkukayum cheythu rachayithaakkalude abhipraayathil, atharam saandrathakal ekadesham arcp 4.5 num arcp 6.0 num idayil choodaakkunnathinu kaaranamakum. amok oru staanderd modalil sthirathayode thudarnnu, pakshe 300 varshathe simuleshanushesham oru pakshapaatham-thiruthiya modalil thakarnnu.
2020ll, oru patanam 2005num 2250num idayil arcp 4.5, arcp 8.5 ennivayude simulationukal oru noothana samudra bhauthikashaasthra modyoolumaayi samyojippicha oru community erthu sisttam modalil nadatthi, ithu antartic aise sheett meltt vaattarinte kooduthal yaadhaarthyabodhamulla praathinidhyam anuvadichu. kantrol rannumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol parishkaricha arcp 4.5 saahacharyathil shudhajala inputt 4 muthal 8 madangu vare kooduthalaayirunnu (0.1 muthal 0.4-0.8 swerdrup vare vardhana), koodaathe parishkaricha arcp 8.5 saahacharyathil 5 muthal 10 madangu vare shakthamaayirunnu (0.20 muthal sharashari 1 swerdrup vare, rooss aise shelf thakarnnathinethudarnnu 2125 oode 2 swerdrappinekkaal uyarnna moolyangal). rund arcp 4.5 simuleshanukalilum, amok 2100 oode athinte nilavile sakthiyaaya 24 serdruppil ninnu 19 serdruppaayi kurayunnu 2200 nuu sesham, ithu niyanthrana simuleshanil veendedukkaan thudangunnu, pakshe parishkkaricha simuleshanil 19 serdruppil thudarunnu. rund arcp 8.5 simuleshanukalkkum keezhil, 2100 nuu sesham 8 serdrup aayi kurayukayum simuleshan kaalayalavinte avasaanam vare aaa thalatthil thudarukayum cheiyunnathinaal vaidyuthadhaarayude thakarchaykku sameepamunda parishkkaricha simuleshanil, niyanthrana oottathekkaal 8 serdruppil ethaan 35 varsham kooduthal edukkum.
2020ll prasidheekaricha mattoru patanam, thaapanila 1.5 digri, 2 digri (rund paarees karar lakshyangal, arcp 4.5-nuu thaazheyulla thaapanilayekkaal valare kuravaanu) allengil 2100-oode 3 digri (arcp 4.5-nuu keezhil pratheekshicha thaapanilayekkaal alpam kooduthal) sthiratha vaykkunnathu amokkine engane baadhikkumenn vishakalanam cheythu. moonnu kesukalilum, thaapanila vardhanavu avasaanichathinu sesham amok oru adhika <aii. dii. 1> varshathekku kurayunnu, pakshe athu thakarunnathin aduthethukayum ekadesham 150 varshathinu sesham athinte shakti veendedukkukayum cheiyunnu.
2021ll, ipcc aaram moolyanirnnaya report 21-aamm noottaandil amok kurayaan "valare saadhyathayund" ennu veendum vilayiruthukayum thapanam maattimarichaal noottaandukalkkullil athile mattangal thirichedukkaanaakumenna "uyarnna aathmavishwaasam" prakadippikkukayum cheythu. anchaam moolyanirnnaya reportil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, noottaandinte avasaanathinu munbu thakarcha ozhivaakkunnathil amokkil "uyarnna aathmavishwaasam" prakadippikkunnathin pakaram "idatharam aathmavishwaasam" maathrame athu prakadippichulloo. aathmavishwaasathile eee kuravu, pothuvaaya rakthachamkramana modalukalkkullile rakthachamkramana sthiratha pakshapaathatthilekku shradha aakarshikkunna niravadhi avalokana padanangalum, athupole thanne lalithamaaya samudra modeling padanangalum swaadheenichirikkaam, valia thothilulla modalukal nirddeshikkunnathinekkal amok pettennulla maattathinu kooduthal irayaakumennu soochippikkunnu.
2022-ll, aerosol, kemistry model intercompaarisan projakttil pankedukkunna moonnu kalavastha modalukalumaayi oru patanam modeling pareekshanangal nadatthi, koodaathe kanikakal, bhootala oosoon thudangiya vaayu malineekaranam valare aakramanaathmakamaayi laghookarikkunnathu, kalavastha-thanuppikkal stratosphere sulfur aerosolukalude kuravu kaaranam, noottaandinte avasaanathode amok rakthachamkramanathe 10 sathamaanam durbalappeduthumennu kandethi. meedheynum (sakthamaaya thaapana ejantu) sulfate aerosolukalum (oru thanuppikkal ejantu) anthareekshathil samanamaaya hraswakaalamaanu, oresamayam iva randum kurayunnathu avayude phalangal raddak ennathinaal eee phalam ozhivakkaan vaayu malineekarana laghookaranavum meedhane udvamanam laghookarikkalum jodiyakkaan rachayithakkal shupaarsha cheythu.
2022ll, saadhyathayulla ellah kalavastha tipping pooyintukaludeyum vipulamaaya vilayiruthal amokkinte thakarcha ulppede 16 vishwasaneeyamaaya kalavastha tipping pooyintukal thiricharinju. aagolathaapanathinte 4 digri selshyas moolamaanu thakarchayundaakaan saadhyathayundennu athu soochippichu, ennaal 1.4 digri vare kuranjatho 8 digri vare uyarnnatho aaya thapanilayil ithu undakaan kaaranamaakumenn soochippikkaan mathiyaya anishchithathvamundu. athupole, amok thakarchaykku kaaranamaayikkazhinjal, athu 50 varshathinullil sambhavikkumennu ithu kanakkakkunnu, ennaal muzhuvan shreniyum 15 muthal 300 varsham vareyaanu. oduvil, eee thakarcha aagola thaapanila ekadesham 0.50 digri selshyas kuraykkumennum europile praadeshika thaapanila 4 muthal 10 digri selshyas vare kurayumennum athu nigamanam cheiyunnu. aaa vilayiruthal vadakkan sabpolar gairinte thakarchaye oru prathyeka tipping pooyintaayi kanakkakki, ithu 1.1 digri muthal 3.8 digri vare thaapanathil sambhavikkam (ennirunnaalum ithu kalavastha modalukalude oru bhagam maathrame anukarikkukayullu). ettavum saadhyathayulla kanakk 1.8 digri aanu, orikkal pravarthanakshamamaayaal, gairinte thakarchaykku thudakkam muthal avasaanam vare 10 varshamedukkum, 5 muthal 50 varsham vare. eee samvahanathinte nashtam aagola thaapanila 0.50 digri kuraykkum, athesamayam europile sharashari thaapanila ekadesham 3 digri kurayunnu. praadeshika mazhayilum kaaryamaaya prathyaaghaathangalundu.
samoohavum samskaaravum.
janakeeya samskaarathil.
naalatthe divasam" enna chithravum britiish television parambarayaaya "aise" umm amok shattdaunumaayi bandhapetta athishayokthiparamaaya saahacharyangal paryavekshanam cheiyunnu.
"oru asoukaryakaramaaya sathyam" ennathil amokkinte adachupoottalinekkurim aise sheettukal uruki vadakkan atlaantik samudrathil uyarnna shudhajala pravaahathinu kaaranamaakukayaanengil europile thapanilayil athu cheluthunna swaadheenathekkurichum paraamarsikkunnu.
kiim staanli robinsante sayans fiction novalaaya "fiftti degriss bill", addehathinte "sayans inn dhii kyaapittal" parambarayile oru vaalyam, termohalin rakthachamkramanathinte adachupoottalineyum samudrathilekku valia alavil uppu cherthu athine prathirodhikkanulla manushyaraashiyude sramangaleyum chithreekarikkunnu.
iyaan daglasinte staar corpsman novalukalil, 22-aamm noottaandinte madhyathode kaanadayudeyum vadakkan europinteyum bhooribhaagavum aise sheettukalil ulkkollunna oru amok shutdown aadyakaala glacial maximum aarambikkunnu.

