
tongyangsi

chainees aksharangal upayogichulla hokkian transcriptionil shim-puwa vivaham ennum ariyappedunna tongyangsi (тонгянси), pree-moden chainayil nadanna krameekaricha vivaahathinte oru paarambaryamaayirunnu, athil oru kudumbam avarude pree-adolesant (saadhaaranayaayi shisu) aanmakkalil oraalkk bhaaviyile vadhuvayi oru pree-adolesant makale dathedukkukayum kuttikale orumichu valarthukayum cheyyum.
siim-puu" () enna aksharangal marumakale ardhamaakkunnathum "eiii" (allengil) enna kanika aksharam oru cheria aksharathe soochippikkunnathumaanu "siim-puu-eiii" enna taywanese (hokkian) vaakkinte nerittulla vivarthanam. samanamaaya manderine chainees padamaaya "tongyangsi" (<unk>) enna vaakkinte ardham aksharaarthatthil "valarthiya kutty (<unk>) marumakal (Â)" ennaanu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi "baala vadhu" enna engleesh padatthinte vivarthanamaayi upayogikkunnu.
paavappettavarkkidayil eee saisava vivahangal kooduthalaayum kaanapettirunnu, avide avar pavapetta oru makanu bhaarya urappu nalki. penmakkale upekshicha kudumbangalkk oru divasam vivaham kazhichu kudumbam vidaan baadhyasthayaaya oru makale nalkendivarunna tharatthil avarkk prayojanam labhichu. atharam vivahangal palappozhum paraajayappedukayum 1949ll chainayil avaa nirodhikkappedukayum cheythu. thaayvaanil nirbandhitha vidyaabhyaasam eee penkuttikale avarude veedukalil ninnu puratthaakkukayum vishalamaaya lokathekku thurannukaattukayum cheythu, ithu palappozhum datheduttha kudumbangale upekshikkaan avare prerippichu. 1970kalode eee sambradaayam avide avasaanichu.
saamoohika naravamshashaasthrathinte veekshanam.
chainees vivahathekkurichulla saamoohika naravamshashaasthra gaveshanathil, shim-puwa vivaahathe "cheria vivaham" ennu vilikkunnu, kaaranam iruvarum praayapoorthiyaakumbol marumakal avalude bhaavi bharthaavinte veettil cherunnu, chainees pradhana vivaahathin vipareethamaayi, vivaha divasam vadhuvum bharthaavinte veettil cherunnu. ellaayppozhum anganeyaayirunnillengum, shim-puva makale palappozhum datheduttha oru kudumbatthil ithinakam thanne oru makanundaayirunnu, avalkk avalkk vivaahanischayam nadakkumaayirunnu. pakaram, chila kudumbangal oru makane janippikkunnathin munbu oru shim-puwa makale dathedutthu, ithu oru shim-puwa dathedukkunnathu oru bhaaryaykk oru makane prasavikkanulla saadhyatha vardhippikkumenna parambaraagatha vishwaasathil ninnu prachodanam ulkkollunnu. shim-puva makal kuttikkaalathu kudumbatthil chernnenkilum iruvarum praayapoorthiyaayathinu sesham maathrame vivaham nadakkukayulloo. kudumbatthinte saamoohika saambathika nilaye saambathika maargangaleyum aashrayich, oru valia vivaahathin thulyamaaya oru valia virunnu muthal oru cheria kudumba chadangu vare, allengil ettavum lalithamaaya kesukalil "poorvvikarkkulla oru villum kudumbatthinte urakka krameekaranangalil cheria maattavum" aakam."
shim-puwa vivaham vividha saamoohika saambathika vibhagangalil nadannuvenkilum paavappettavarum graameenarumaaya kudumbangalkkidayil ithu prathyekichum saadhaaranamaayirunnu. oru valia vivaahathil oru makane vivaham kazhikkunnath abhimaanakaravum padaviyude pradarshanavumaayirunnu, pakshe chelaveriyathumaayirunnu. daridrarum kooduthal graameenarumaaya samoohangalil, shim-puwa cheria vivaham chelavukuranjathum oru kudumbam ethra daridraraanengilum, avarude anmakkalkk vivaahapraayamaakumbol bharyamaar undaakumennum angane pingaamikale srishtikkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaanennum urappakkaan sahayichu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, oru makan oru pradhana vivaahathil vivaham kazhikkunnathinu vadhuvine nedunnathinulla uyarnna vadhuvinte vila nirodhanaarhamaan, chilappol kudumbatthinte oru varshathe varumanam vare. valia vivaahathin atharamoru vadhuvine thangaan kudumbatthinu kazhiyunnillengil, ithu pingaamikale srishtikkunnathil paraajayappedunnathinum kudumba vamshavali avasanikkunnathinum kaaranamakum. ithinu vipareethamaayi, oru shishuvine dathedukkunnathinulla chelavu kuravaayirunnu, avale oru shim-puvayayi valarthunnathinulla chelavukalil palappozhum bhakshanavum vasthravum maathrame ulppettirunnulloo. pavapetta samudaayangalil, parimithamaaya sambatho padaviyo oru shim-puva makale kudumbatthilekku dathedukkunnathinum mattu kudumbangalkk shim-puvayayi jeevashasthraparamaaya penmakkale upekshikkunathinum prachodanamaayi. parimithamaaya maarggangalo saamoohika padaviyo ulla oru kudumbatthinu, oru jeevashasthraparamaaya makal cheria jaamyamaan vaagdaanam cheythath; parambaraagathamaayi aval mattoru kudumbatthilekku vivaham kazhikkappedukayum vaardhakyathil maathaapithaakkale paripaalikkukayo kudumba vamshavali vipuleekarikkukayo cheyyilla. ithinu vipareethamaayi, oru shim-puwa makal veettil thanne thaamasikkukayum vaardhakyakaalathu maathaapithaakkale paripalikkukayum avarude pingaamikale prasavikkukayum cheyyum. eee kaaranangalal, oru sisuvaaya shim-puva makale dathedukkunnathu palappozhum oru jeevashasthraparamaaya sisuvaaya makale dathedukkunnathinaayi upekshikkukayum pinneedu shim-puva makale avalude sthaanathu valarthukayum cheiyunnu.
eee vivahangal palappozhum parajayappettu. westermark efakttinte prakadanamaayaanu ithu vishadeekarichirikkunnath.
parisheelanatthinte avasaanam.
chainees communist viplavathethudarnnu chainayile pradhana bhoopradeshathu 1949ll chainees communist party eee sambradaayam nirodhichu.
1950kalil shim-puva penmakkale datheduttha penmakkalaayi rajisttar cheythappol allengil avarude purusha thulyaraaya datheduttha aanmakkalaayi rajisttar cheythappol thaayvaanil niravadhi niyamaparamaaya prasnangal uyarnnuvannu. dambathikale niyamaparamaayi randaanachanmaaraayi kanakkakkiyirunnathinaal, thaayvaanile pothu niyamam avarude vivaham nirodhichu. avarude vivaham anuvadikkunnathinaayi judicial yuwan moonnu judicial avalokanangal nadatthi. thaayvaante saambathika vijayathinte falamaayi sambathu vardhichathinaal 1970-kalode shim-puva vivaham praayogikamallathayi, atharam krameekaranangal anaavasyamaakki. shim-puwa vivaahathinte thakarchaye thwarithappeduthiya oru ghadakam thaayvaanil nirbandhitha pothu vidyaabhyaasam sthaapikkuka ennathaayirunnu, ithu penmakkalum dathedukkunna shim-puwa penmakkalum ulppede ellah kuttikaleyum schoolilekku ayaykkaan kudumbangale nirbandhitharaakki. veedinum vidyaabhyaasathinum purathulla kooduthal exposure palappozhum shim-puwa penkuttikalkku vivaha krameekaranatthe cherukkano athil ninnu rakshappedaano avasarangal srishtichu.
bandhapetta ashayangal.
"shavoshui" (allengil) ennathu oru anantharaavakaashiyillaatha oru sambanna kudumbam oru aankunjine sweekarikkaavunna oru anubandha aachaaramaan, ennirunnaalum atharam vivahangalil saadhaaranayaayi oru prajananam-praayathilulla purushan ulppedunnu. eee vivaahangalkk bharthaav bhaaryayude veettil praveshikkendivannathil (parambaraagatha chainees maanadandangalkku virudhamaayi), avare thaazhnna saamoohika padaviyilekku tharamthaazhthappettu. kwing raajavamshathinte kaalath, anantharaavakaasha raktharekha nilanirthunnathinaayi eee vivahangal kooduthal saadhaaranamaayitheernnu. aankutti thante puthiya kudumbatthinte kudumbanamam sweekarikkukayum saadhaaranayaayi kudumbatthinte makale vivaham kazhikkukayum cheyyum.

