tharam vi srava samvidaanam

sellular kavariludaneelam oru bacteria koshatthinte ulbhaagathu ninnu (cytoplasm allengil cytosol) aduthulla taargett sellilekku effectorukal ethikkaan vishalamaaya gram-negatteevu bacteria enangal upayogikkunna tanmatra yanthramaan type vi srava samvidaanam samvidaanam. kolarayude kaaranaghadakamaaya "vibrio collara" yekkurichu padikkunna gaveshakar 2006-ll shaanthamaaya kandethiyathayi palappozhum report cheyyappedunnundenkum, shaanthamaaya jeenukal oru protein kayattumathi upakaranathe encode cheiyunnuvennu theliyikkunna aadya patanam 2004-ll malsya rogakariyaaya "edwardiella tarda" protein sravathekkurichulla padanatthil prasidheekarichu.
athinusesham, mrugangal, sasyangal, manushyar, mannu, paristhithi allengil samudra bakteeriyakal ennivayude rogakarikalaaya jeevikal ulppede ellah rogakarikalaaya, rogakaarikalallaatha proteobacterial genomukalilum naalilonn naalilonn encode cheiyunnuvennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. kanakkaakkappedunnu jeenukalude encoding saadhaaranayaayi chromosomaly aayi kaanapedunnu, ennaal mobail janithaka gadakangalilum plaasmidukalilum avayude kaimaattatthinum janithaka vaividhyathil vardhanavinum madhyasthatha vahikkanum kazhiyum. type vi sravathekkurichulla aadyakaala padanangalil bhooribhaagavum uyarnna jeevikalude rogakaarikalil athinte pankine kendreekarichirunnavilum, ithu ippol praadhamikamaayi bakteeriyakal thammilulla vairudhyathilaanu pravarthikkunnathennu ariyappedunnu. 
ghadanayum samvidaanavum.
bacteria kosha uparithalathil ninnu puratthekku vyaapikkunna oru vipareeta fejinodu saamyamullathayi shaanthamaaya karuthappedunnu. ithil 14 proteinukal adangiyirikkunnu, avaa moonnu upa-samuchayangalayi kootticherkkunnu oru fej teyil polulla tubul, oru fej bays plate polulla ghadana, sell-envalappu spanning membran complexes. eee moonnu upasamkulangalum orumichu pravarthichu bacteria kosha kavariludaneelam proteinukalum oru taargett sellilekkum oru kontraakttail samvidaanathiloode kondupookunnu.
fej wall poleyaanu.
shaanthamaayasaiiinaarey fej teyil polulla ghadakam asambliyudeyum disasmbly chakrangalkk vidheyamaakunna oru chalanathmaka tubular gadanayaanu. ithinu 600 enm vare neelamundakaam, electron micrographukalile baakteeriyal cytoplasathiludaneelam ithu vyaapichukidakkunnathayi drishyavalkkarikkappettittu. haemolysin qoo-regulated protein (echsipi) yude staakk cheytha hexameric valayangalil ninnu nirmmicha oru tubinu chuttum oru aavaranamaayi krameekarichirikkunna tssa, tssb (vipa/vipb) proteinukalude aavarthichulla unitukal tubuleukalil adangiyirikkunnu. echsipi tyoobinte attathu fej teyil spike polulla protein vii. jii. aarr. jiyude oru trimmer irikkunnu, ithu pooyint cheytha paar domaine adangiya protein kondu moodunnu. aavaranathinte sankochathe bacteria koshathinu purathu echsipi tube, vgrg, anubandha substrateukal enniva munnott nayikkumennu karuthappedunnu, avide vgrg/paar spike ayal koshatthinte membran thulachukayaraan sahayikkunnu. tuble adithattil irikkunna eiii. tii. pii-degrading protein cl. pii. vii. yude pravarthanatthiloodeyaanu tuble ghadana thakarkkappedunnathu.
bays plate.
shaanthamaayasaiiinaarey fej teyil polulla tuble bacteriophage bays plettukalkku samanamaaya oru ghadanayil kootticherkkunnu. tsse, tssf, tssg, tssk ennee proteinukalaanu ithil adangiyirikkunnathu. bays plettum fej teyil polulla complexes bacteriayude cytoplaasathil prathipravartthikkukayum thudarnnu membran complexes sell envalappilekku recruit cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
membron.
shaanthamaaya membran complexes upakaranathe sellular membranilekku nankooramidunnathinu utharavaadiyaanu, koodaathe fej teyil polulla tubulinte sankochathaal substrateukal munnott nayikkunna chaanal nalkunnu. tssj, tssm, tsl enniva adangiya hetterotrimarinte 10 interacting yoonittukalil ninnaan eee valia (1.7 millie) complexes roopappedunnathu. aantharika stharam muthal gram negatteevu baakteeriyal sell envalappinte puram stharam vare vyaapichukidakkunna ithu oru advitheeya airis polulla samvidaanathode thurakkukayum adaykkukayum cheiyunna oru chaanal roopappeduthunnathaayi vishwasikkappedunnu.
substrate thirichariyal.
mattu srava samvidaanangalude (general srava paatha allengil srava samvidaanangal III, IV enniva polullava) substrateukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, vyathyasthamayi saarvathrikamaayi thirichariyunna savisheshathakalonnumillenn ariyappedunnu. pakaram, upakaranathinte rund gadanaaparamaaya gadakangalil onniloode avaa thirichariyukayum sravathinaayi thiranjedukkukayum cheiyunnu. oru klaas substrateukal oru echsipi hexamerinte sushirathinullil bandhippikkunnu. eee prathipravartthanatthinte abhaavathil substrateukal asthiramaayathinaal, substrateukal kadannupokunna oru nishkriya tubulaayi pravartthikkunna echsipiyekkaal substrate-echsipi complexukal orumichu sravikkumennu karuthappedunnu. randaam klaas substrateukalile amgangal fej teyil spike polulla protein vii. jii. aarr. jiyumaayulla prathipravartthanathiloode sravathinaayi lakshyamidunnu. eee substrateukal palappozhum arhs toxinukal polulla modular proteinukalaanu, avaa oru attathu vgrgyumaayulla prathipravartthanathinaayi paar domaine kaivashappeduthunnu. oru vii. jii. aarr. jii. yum oru substrate ore proteente bhagamaaya udaaharanangalum undu.
eucariotic virudha.
virudha poorvvika pravartthanam bakteeriyakale lakshyamidunnathaayi thonnumenkilum, eucariotic koshangale lakshyamidunnathinaayi parinamicha orupidi samvidaanangal thiricharinjittundu. pothuve, eee eucariot-targetting samvidaanangal rogamundaakkunnathil earppettirikkunnu. udaaharanathinu, intra sellular rogakariyaaya "francisella tularensis" nuu phagosomukalil ninnu rakshappedunnathinum maakrofejukalude cytoplaasathil aavarthikkunnathinum oru oru pravartthanam aavasyamaanu. sravikkunna proteinukal "eph" sugamamakkunna samvidaanam. tularensis "viralence ippozhum anjjaathamaanu. bacteria, eucariotic koshangale lakshyamidunna "vibrio collara" yude yude erattapankaanullathu. cytoskelittan protein aaktin cross link cheythukondu pravartthikkunna eucariotic sell taargettinginaayi ithu sravikkunna oru substratengilum prathyekathayullathaanu. "eucariotic taargettinginaayi samarppichirikkunna shaanthamaaya ulla mattu rund jeevikalaanu "barkholderiya seudomalli", "edwardiella tarda" enniva. sasya rogakariyaaya "santomonas sitri" yude shaanthamaaya athine kollayadikkunna ameeba "dictiostelium discoidiathil" ninnu samrakshikkunnu.
aanti baakteeriyal.
manushya kudalile (baakteeroyidukal) komansal speesheesukale nirbandhikkunna "seudomonas erujinosa" polulla avasaravaada rogakaarikal ulppede, gram-negatteevu bakteeriyakalude vishalamaaya shreniyil aanti baakteeriyal shaanthamaaya undennu theliyikkappettittund.), koodaathe "agrobacterium tumafacians" polulla sasyavumaayi bandhapetta baakteeriyakalum. eee samvidaanangal avayude srava substrateukalude pravartthanatthiloode aanti baakteeriyal pravartthanam nadathunnu. bacteria lakshyamidunna shaanthamaaya proteinukalellaam taargett cellukalude valarchaye kollunnathiloodeyo thadayunnathiloodeyo vishavasthukkalayi pravartthikkunnu. shaanthamaaya substrateukal pradarshippikkunna taargett sellukalilekkulla vishaamshathinte samvidaanangal vaividyamaarnnathaanu, ennaal saadhaaranayaayi ammedays allengil glycohydrolase pravartthanatthiloode koshabhithi nashikkunnath, lipace pravarthanatthiloodeyo sushirangalude roopeekaranathiloodeyo kosha stharangalude thadassappedutthal, dnaude pilarpp, avashya mettabolitt naad + nte apachayam ennivayulppede uyarnna samrakshitha bacteria gadanakale lakshyamidunnathu ulppedunnu. ulppedunnu bacteria enangal sravikkunna oro vishavasthuvinum prathyekamaaya prathirodha proteinukal ulpaadippikkunnathiloode svayam, bandhukkalaya koshangalodulla koshangalodulla lahari thadayunnu. palappozhum avayude sajeevamaaya sthalathu visha proteinukalumaayi bandhippichukondu rogaprathirodha proteinukal pravartthikkukayum athuvazhi avayude pravartthanatthe thadayukayum cheiyunnu.
niyanthranam.
gass/aarr. ezz. emm. samvidaanam.
rund ghadaka samvidaanangal vazhi shaanthamaaya niyanthrikkunnathilekk chila gaveshanangal pooyittundu. pii. erujinosa, "gass/aarr. ezz. emm. rund ghadaka samvidaanangal type vi srava samvidaana niyanthranatthil ulppettittundennu nireekshikkappettundu. eee samvidaanam "aarr. ezz. emm" cheria regulatory aarr. enn. eiii. thanmaathrakalude aavishkaarathe niyanthrikkunnu, koodaathe biophilim roopeekaranathilum ulppeduthiyittundu. gass/aarr. ezz. emm. paatha uthejanathil, "aarr. ezz. emm" thanmaathrakalude vardhanavu marnah-binding protein aarr. ezz. emm. eyude thadassathilekku nayikkunnu. shaanthamaaya jeane expressionaayi ribosome-binding saittin sameepamulla seekwansukalumaayi bandhippikkunna oru translation inhibittaraanu rsma. eee thalatthilulla niyanthranavum "pii" yill nireekshikkappettundu. fluorescence pii. siringe ".
koram sensing.
koram sensing shaanthamaaya niyanthrikkunna vividha udaaharanangalund. vibrio collara" shaanthamaaya padanangalil, serotype oo37 nuu uyarnna "vaas" jeane expression undennu nireekshikkappettundu. maruvashathu serotypeukal oo139 umm oo1 umm nere vipareethamaayi prakadamaakkunnu, "vaas" jeane expression valare kuravaanu. koram sensing thalangalile vyathyaasangalaan aavishkaarathile vyathyaasangalkk kaaranamenn abhipraayappettittund. 
vibrio collara" yill, autoinduser-1 (iai-1) signalukal sensor kainesaaya luxk aanu kandethunnathu. luxk laxuvine sajeevamaakkunnu, athu pinneedu "haprar" jeane expressione adichamarthunna dna-binding proteinaaya laxoyil pravartthikkunnu. laxo deletionukal "vaas" jeane eksprashante sakthamaaya induction undaakki, athinaal shaanthamaaya expression, shaanthamaaya eathenkilum roopathil koram sensing vazhi niyanthrikkappedunnu theliyikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, laxo illaathaakkalukalulla oo1 strainukalkku ippozhum oo37 strainumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol thaarathamyena shaanthamaaya shaanthamaaya undaayirunnu, ithu adhika gadakangalum ulppettittundennu soochippikkunnu.

