eksilitteraattoor

kendrangal 1933num idayil naasi jarmmani, naasi austriya, adhinivesha pradeshangal ennivayil ninnu palayanam cheytha abhayaarthi ezhuthukaar jarmman pravaasikalil ezhuthiya jarmman saahithyathinte kruthikalkku jarmman "eksillideraattoor" (, "naadukadatthal saahityam") ennaanu peru. eee vimatha ezhuthukaar, kavikal, kalakaaranmaar, avaril palarum jootha vamsajarum koodaathe/allengil naasi virudha vishwaasangal pulartthiyirunnavarum, 1933ll naasi party germmaniyil adhikaarathil vannathinushesham naadukadatthappedukayum naasi jarmmani 1938ll "anshless" austriya pidichadakkiyathinusesham pathraswaathanthryam nirthalaakkukayum ezhuthukaare vichaarana cheyyaanum kruthikal nirodhikkanum thudangukayum cheythu.
pramukha ezhuthukaar.
palayanam cheiyunnavaril bhooribhaagam pramukha ezhuthukaarum ulppedunnu.
avar aadyam abhayam kandethiya pala europian raajyangalum pinneedu naasi jarmmani akramikkukayum adhinivesham nadathukayum cheythu, ithu abhayaarthikalkku veendum mattevideyengilum suraksha thedaan kaaranamaayi, udaaharanathinu adhinivesha europil ninnu palayanam cheythathiloodeyo "prathirodhatthil" olichodiyathiloodeyo allengil aantharika kudiyettatthinte akatho.
naadukadatthal kendrangal.
kendrangal 1933num idayil paarees, aamstardaam, stockholm, soorich, lunden, pragg, mosco, atlaantik kadaltheerathu newyork nagaram, loss enchals, meksikoo nagaram ennivayulppede niravadhi europian nagarangalil naasi virudha jarmman ezhuthukaarudeyum prasaadhakarudeyum samriddhamaaya kendrangal uyarnnuvannu. avarude prasidheekaranangalkku peruketta prasadhakar curido verlag, soorichile aamstardaam, oprektt ennivayaayirunnu. 
october viplavathinushesham berlin, paarees, lunden, newyork ennividangalile communist virudha russian ezhuthukaareyum prasidheekarana sthaapanangaleyum pole, naasi virudha jarmman ezhuthukaarum budhijeevikalum naasi party vikruthamaakkiya pazhayathum mikachathumaaya germmaniyude thudarchayaayi svayam kandu.
ithu manassil vechukondu, avar jarmman pravaasikalkk saahitya kruthikalum bharanakoodatthe vimarshikkunna badal maadyamangalum nalki, naasi germmaniyile sensarshippine dhikkarichukondu avarude pusthakangalum pathrangalum maasikakalum maathrraajyathekku kallakkadathu nadathukayum jarmman janatha rahasyamaayi vaayikkukayum vitharanam cheyyukayum cheythu.
germmaniyile communist partyile abhayaarthi amgamaaya bertolt brech loss enchalsil ethi, "hollywood eligies" enna thante kavithayil eee nagaram swarggavum narakavumaanennu rekhappeduthiyittundu. 
naadukadatthappetta mattu jarmman ezhuthukaarkku avarude yadhaartha vikaaram prakadippikkaan palappozhum budhimuttundaayirunnu. thante rashtreeya trillaraaya 'dhaa blond spider' (1939) enna chithratthil hans flesh-brunan vinsent bayne enna thoolikaanaamathil rund jarmmankaarumaayi bandhapetta oru katha ezhuthi. martino enna kathaapaathrathil addeham prayamaaya, budhiyulla, kurachu nigoodamaaya oru jarmmankaarane srishtichu. addeham puraathanavum dheeravumaaya phaasist virudhanaanu, koodaathe bornmaante aathyanthikamayi parajayappetta mullarinte avyakthathakalellaam ozhivaakkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, martinoyeppole prathibadhanum maathrukaaparavumaaya addeham oru parimithamaaya punk vahikkunnu, kendra jarmman kathaapaathramaaya naasi chaaran hesmertinte krooramaaya perumattangalaal maranjirikkunnu. novalile martinoyude nilanilppinte lalithamaaya vastutha oru "nalla" jarmmaniyekkurichu britiish avabodham valarthaanulla rachayithaavinte aagrahathe soochippikkunnathupole, ithivrithathile addehathinte paarshwavalkkaranam jarmman samskaarathekkurichulla oru janapriyamallaatha kazhchappadinekkurichu flesh-brunante jaagrathayude bodhathe soochippikkunnu.
villa arora layan futchwanger.
amerikkayil naadukadatthappetta pramukha ezhuthukaaranaaya layan futewanger, loss enjalsile pasaphik paalisedil villa orora ennu vilikkunna oru bhavanam vaangukayum naadukadatthappetta jarmman samsaarikkunna kavikalkkum ezhuthukaarkkum budhijeevikalkkum oru samgamasthalamaayi athu upayogikkukayum cheythu. pravaasatthil aayirikkumbol futchwangerinu ellaam eluppamaayirunnilla. 
moskau 1937" enna thante pusthakatthil, futchwanger, joseph staalinte svechaadhipathyathin keezhilulla soviyatt unionile jeevithathe athyuthsaahapoorvam prashamsichirunnu. yadhaarthavum sangalppithavumaaya trotskiteukalkkum samsthaanathinte shathrukkalkkumethire nadanna grettu pyoorj, mosco shhow trials ennivaye futewanger prathirodhichu. staalinisathekkurichu futewangerinte prashamsa naadukadatthappetta saha-naasi virudharaaya arnold sweig, france werfell ennivaril ninnum athinusheshamulla varshangalil futewanger nishkalankan ennu vilikkunna trotskaittukalil ninnum prakopanatthinu kaaranamaayi.
mccarthy kaalaghattatthil, futchwangerine ithe kaaranathaal house ann-american aaktivittees kammitti sookshumaparishodhana nadatthi. videshathekku poyaal veendum praveshanam labhikkillenn bhayann futewanger orikkalum america vittilla. varshangalude immigration hearingukalkk sesham, american pourathvathinaayulla futchwangerinte apeksha oduvil amgeekarikkappettu, ennaal futchwangerine vastutha ariyikkunna kathu addehathinte maranathinu thottaduttha divasam maathramaan athiyathu.
naadukadatthappetta ezhuthukaar.
theoder arnero, gunthar aandezhs, hannah arrend, johannes aarr ennivaraanu ettavum ariyappedunna naadukadatthappetta ezhuthukaar. becker, bertolt brachu, ernst bloach, elias kaanetti, vesa kaanetti, alfred doblin, layan futchwanger, bruno frank, ooskaar maria graph, maiks horkheimer, heinrich edward jacob, herman kesttan, anettu colb, seagfried kraakkour, allel lasker-schular, emil ludwig, heinrich maan, klaas maan, erikka maan, thomas maan, ludwig marcuse, roobert myoosil, roobert neuman, erichiya remar, ludwig renn, joseph raath, alis ruul-stel, ohle, sell, anse, sell, anse, anse, anse, anse, anse, anse, anse, anse, anse, anse

