
awas

santa cruze janatha ennum ariyappedunna avaswakal, vadakke amerikkayile kaaliforniyayile thaddesheeya janathayude oru koottamaayirunnu, charitraparamaayi 600 muthal 1,400 vare upagrooppukalullavar. avarude poorvvikar ekadesham 12,000 varshamaayi santa cruze parvathapradeshathaanu thaamasichirunnathennu academic gaveshanangal soochippikkunnu. pathinettaam noottaand muthal spanish kolanikkaar eee pradeshathu sthirathaamasamaakkunnathinu munbu avaswakal praadeshika samskaarangalumayi pathivayi vyapara shringalakal nilanirtthi.
eee mekhalayile mattu ohlon janathayumayi bhashaaparavum saamskaarikavumaaya bandhamullah ohlon janathayaayirunnu awas nivaasikal. "ohlon" ennathu eee pradeshathe janangalkulla oru aadhunika koottaaya padamaanu; ennirunnaalum, eee padam charitraparamaayi thaddesheeya janangal upayogichirunnilla. hoppy, navajo, cheyenne thudangiya oru valia gothratthinte bhaagamaayi avar svayam kanakkakkiyilla, pakaram parasparam swathanthramaayi pravarthichu. 
noottaandukalaayi, santa cruze parvathanirakalile thaddesheeya nivaasikal kolanivalkkarikkappett puthumukhangalumaayi saambathika malsaravum sainika samghattanavum anubhavichu. bhasha maattavum saamskaarika swaamsheekaranavum valarthunnathinayi roopakalppana cheytha kendreekritha gavanmentum matha nayangalum, vyapaaram, antharvivaaham, mattu anthar saamskaarika prakriyakal ennivayiloode kolanikkarumaayulla thudarchayaaya sanbarkkavum, bhaashayude maranathinum yadhaartha saamskaarika swathuam nashtappedunnathinum kaaranamaayi.
avaswas samsarikkunnavar munbu vadakkan monterry ulkkadal pradeshatthinte bhooribhaagathum pasaphik theerathum santa cruze parvathanirakalude theeradesha parvathanirakalilum innathe santa cruze, saan maattiyo kaundikalile pooyint aanoo newoykkum pajaro nadikkum edayilulla pradeshangalilum thaamasichirunnu.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
vadakku" ennu soochippikkukayum vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheiyunna muttsan bhashayil ninnu uruthirinja oru padamaanu avaswas enna padam. vadakku bhagathaayi thaamasichirunna avaswakale soochippikkaan muttsan ithu upayogichirikkaam. nirbhagyavashaal, awas bhaashayude valare kurachu maathrame ippozhum prachaaratthilo rekhakalilo ulloo ennathinaal awas pradeshathe graamangalude vivarthanangal orumichu cherkkaan prayaasamaan. monterry ulkkadal sthalangalude pala perukalum muttsan padangalil ninnaan varunnath.
saan francisco bay ohlonumaayi chila gadanaaparamaaya bandhavum muttsan ohlonumaayi chila bandhavumulla oru ohlon bhaashayaan awas vaas samsaarichirunnath. saan francisco ulkkadalinte vyathyastha roopathil ninnu muttsan bhaashayilekku maariyirunna pradeshavaasikal samsaarikkunna vyathyasthamaaya bhaashaabhedangale prathinidheekarikkunnathaanu avaswakalude vishakalanam kaanikkunnath. eee grouping bhaashayekkaal bhoomishaasthraparamaayirunnum 'santa cruze kostaanon' bhaashayude rekhakal vaasthavathil niravadhi vaividhyamaarnna bhaashaabhedangale prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu thelivukalundu. avaswas ohlon oru prathyeka bhashayaayi ippozhum kanakkaakkappedunnundu innathe santa cruze kaundiyude kizhakk bhaagathekku ithu ethratholam vyaapichirunnuvennu poornnamaayum anjjaathamaanu.
vibhagangal.
aarr vyathyastha gothrangalaayirunna avaassakal kooduthal samghangalaayi shaakhakalaayi. athirthikalaayi ridgeline ulla neerthadangalaal adayaalappeduthiya pradesangalilaanu avar thaamasichirunnathu. 
kvirost.
santa cruze parvathanirakalile ettavum valuthum saambathikamaayum raashtreeyamaayum shakthavumaya gothramaaya kvirost pasaphik theerathe parvathanirakalude vadakkan attathu beane pollayaya thekk muthal aanoo newo creak vareyum ulnaadan beautano ridge vareyum thaamasichirunnu. monterry chert ambadayaalangaludeyum olivella snell shell muthukaludeyum uthppaadanam niyanthrikkunnathil ninnaan kvirost avarude rashtreeya swaadheenam nediyathu, randaamathethu thaddesheeya kaaliforniyayiludaneelam karansiyaayi upayogichu.
vaitt house kreekkile "churmuttse" (innathe pescaderoyile "ooljonsinu" thekk), "mitten" ("chipplettakkin" padinjaaru) ennivayaayirunnu ariyappedunna rund gramangal. 1769 october 23nuu "mittenne" yilaanu portola paryaveshanam aadyamaayi avaswakale nerittathu. spaanishukaarumaayulla avarude aadya edapedalukalude samayat, kvirosttinte thalavan chaarkvinaayirunnu. spanish janataye "saan rafael" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
kotoni.
kvirosttinu thekkum yuypiyude vadakkum, kotoni pasaphik samudrathinaduthaayi, innathe davenportinu sameepam, boony doonn pradeshathe benn lomand parvathatthinte ulnaadan ridge ulppede thaamasichirunnu. avar theerathu ninnulla shelfishukalil upajeevanam nadathukayum avarude gramangal sthithicheyyunna kunnukalilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. azar", "jlee" ennivayaayirunnu ariyappedunna rund gramangal.
yuipi.
innathe santa cruze, sockwell creak ennividangalil saan lorenzo nadiyude mukhathu yuppi kendreekarichirunnu. vayalukalum theeradesha terresukalum kondu sambannamaayirunnu yuppi pradesham. ariyappedunna moonnu gramangal "aulintak" (nadeemukhatthinaduthulla "chuvanna abaloninte sthalam"), "chaalumu" (innathe westlake ayalpakkamaaya "aulintakkil" ninnu ekadesham oru mile vadakkupadinjaaru), "hotrochtack" (oru mile vadakkupadinjaaru) ennivayaayirunnu. aptos, sayamta, kajastaka, chaalaktakka, kotoni, pittaakk, chittaaktaakk ennivayumaayi avar bandhuthwabandham pulartthi. spaanishukaarumaayulla avarude aadya edapedalukalude samayat, yuypiyude thalavan sockwell ("loral trea") aayirunnu.
spanish "aulintak" mission santa crusinu anuyojyamaaya oru vaasasthalamaayi thirichariyukayum janangale "saan danielle" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu. 1810 aayappozhekkum spanish yooppi gothrathe sockwell gothram ennu vilikkaan thudangi.
aptos.
uypi pradeshatthinte thekke attathu, avarude bhoomiyude padinjaaran attathu aptos creak monterry ulkkadalum, kizhakk pajaro nadiyude pakuthiyolam, aptos ("janangal") thaamasichirunnu. eee mekhalayile valia avaswas grouppukalil onnaayirunnu aptos gothram. yuppi, kalandar (muttsan samsaarikkunna aalukal), kajastaka ennivarumaayi avar bandhuthwabandham pulartthi. spaanishukaarumaayulla avarude aadya edapedalukalude samayat, aptosinte thalavan molegnis aayirunnu. spanish janataye "saan lucas" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
seyanta.
sayaanta creak drainageinu chuttumulla santa cruze parvathanirakalil, innathe scots thaazhvara, glenwood, vadakkum kizhakkum loral ennivaykku sameepam thaamasichirunna oru cheria avaswas grooppaayirunnu sayaanta gothram. chaaloktakka, achistaakka ennivayumaayi avar bandhuthwabandham pulartthi. spanish janataye "saan juvan capistrano" ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
chaalaktakka.
loma priyata kreekinu chuttumulla santa cruze parvathanirakalude mukalbhaagathaanu chaalaktakka thaamasichirunnathu. avar sayaamthayodoppam oru valia grouppinte oru prathyeka grama samoohamaayirunnirikkaam. sayamta, achistaakka, kotoni, santa clara thaazhvarayile partaxy, somontok ennivayumaayi avar bandhuthwabandham pulartthi. spanish janataye "jeesas" (mission santa cruze), "saan carlos" (mission santa clara dii assis) ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu.
charithram.
muttsan, ramaytush, rumsen, tamian thudangiya mattu ohlon grouppukalumaayi bhashaaparavum janithakavumaya bandhamullah ohlon janathayaayirunnu thaddesheeya avaassakal. valia ohlonian bhasha kudumbatthile oru shaakhayaaya avaswas enna bhasha samsaarikkunnathinaal santa cruze parvatha gothrangal bhaashaaparamaayi ikyappettu. pankitta chinnangaliloodeyum aachaarangaliloodeyum saambathika, vyapara, sankeernamaaya bandha bandhangaliloodeyum parasparam bandhapetta bahubhasha pradeshangalil avar vasichu. deerghadoora vyapara bandhangalum ashayavinimayavum aayirakkanakkin varshangalayi aathmeeyavum shaareerikavumaaya vaividhyamaarnna vibhavangalum prayogangalum pankitta bhaashaashaasthraparamaayi vaividhyamaarnna samoohangale savisheshamaakkunna oru valia thaddesheeya kaaliforniyayumaayi bandhapetta eee pankitta samskaaram.
12, 000 varshathilereyaayi monterry ulkkadalinte theeradesha jaivamekhalayil svayamparyaapthamaaya samskaaram avare pinthunacha avaswa janathayude vaasasthalamaayirunnu santa cruze. puraavastu khananagal eee aadyakaala theeyathikal soochippikkunnundengi manushyavaasam kooduthal pinnott pookaan saadhyathayund, kaaranam munkaala vaasasthalangal aruviyude pravarthanatthaal ozhukippoyirikkaam allengil bhookhanda shelfill mungiyirikkaam ennu pothuve vishwasikkappedunnu. ekadesham 1,000 varsham pazhakkamulla oru valia maattathilekku puraavastu thelivukal viral choondunnu, nochu line sinkarukal, vrithaakrithiyilulla shell fishhukkukal, villukalum ambukalum, flanged steettaitt paippukal, kallu "flover-pottu" mortaarukal, puthiya olivella shell beed tharangal, kuksui rahasya samoohathinte vikasanathe soochippikkunna "banjo" prathimakalude aabharanangal thudangiya puthiya saankethikavidyakalude varavode.
europian kaalaghattam (1769-1821).
spanish bharanathin keezhil.
1769 october 23nuu portola paryaveshanam aanoo newoyk sameepam athiyappol, "mitten" graamatthil ninnulla awaswas samsaarikkunna kvirost prathinidhikal paryaveshanatthe swaagatham cheythu, spanish glass muthukalkkum thunikkum bhakshanam kaimari; ithu spanish eluppathil sweekarichu. sharathkaalath eee pradeshathiloode sanjarikkukayaayirunnu paryavekshanam, avaswas gothrangal avarude theeradesha graamapradeshangal avarude shaityakaala vanasthalangal vettayaadunnathinum othucherunnathinum vittupoya oru samayamaayirunnu, aalukale kandumuttathe, bhoomiyekkurichu parichayamillaathathinaal, avarkk bhakshanam aavashyamaayirunnu. portola paryaveshanam monteriyilekku madangiyethiyathinu thottupinnaale, 1770 juunil mission saan carlos boromio dii carmelo sthaapithamaayathode eee pradeshathu sthiramaaya spanish kudiyettam aarambhichu. 
1776 octoberil mission saan francisco dii assis, 1777 juunil mission santa clara dii assis enniva sthaapithamaayathinu sheshamaan avaswakalude mandagathiyilulla parivartthanam aarambhichath. 1787lum 1788lum mission saan fraansiskoyil snaapanametta aadyakaala saan francisco upadveep theeradesha grouppukalil kviroste aalukal prathyakshappedunnu.
spanish avaswakale "santa cruze janatha" ennu vilikkukayum avarude bhaashayaan mission santa cruisil samsaarikkunna pradhana bhashayaayi maarukayum cheythath. fraansiskanmaar praadeshika gothrangalkk vishudharude peru nalki. kaaliforniyayile spanish douthyangalude kaalaghattatthil, avarude pradeshathu nirmmicha mission santa cruze (1791 ll sthaapithamaayathu) kondu avaswas janathayude jeevitam maari. 1834ll meksikkan sarkkar dauthyangal nirthalaakkunnathuvare, eee dauthyathil bhooribhaagavum adimakalaakaan nirbandhitharaakukayum, jnjaanasnaanamelkkukayum, jeevikkukayum, mission indiakkaar ennum ariyappedunna catholica "neofiteukalaayi" vidyaabhyaasam nedukayum cheythu.
awas janatha innu.
amaa mutsun gothravargakkaar samsaarikkunna avaswakalil jeevichirikkunna aarum illa.
2011ll branchifort kreekinu sameepam sthithi cheiyunna oru kuttiyude 6,000 varsham pazhakkamulla shmashana sthalamaaya "dhaa noll" samrakshikkunnathinaayi santa cruisil oru march nadannu.
saan juvan bouttista, santa cruze douthyangalude rekhappeduthiya pingamikalaaya" avaswas janatha gotravarga samghathil amgangalaayi. 2012ll amaa muttsun gotra chairman vaalantain lopez prasthaavichathu "gothraamgangal chitharikkidakkunnu ennaanu. innu kurachuperkku maathrame avarude charitraparamaaya rajyangalil thamasikkaan kazhiyoo ", palarum ippol maddhya thaazhvarayil avarude veedukal nirmmikkunnu.

