
irunda europiloode

haari turtledove ezhuthiya oru charitra novalaanu throo daarkkest europe (munbu daivathinte ishtam pole prakhyapikkappetta). islaamika rajyangal sambannavum janadhipathyaparavum purogamanaparavumaaya oru aadyalokam roopappeduthunna oru ithara varthamaanakaalathilaanu pusthakam sajjeekarichirikkunnath, athesamayam avikasithamaya kristhyan rajyangal mathabhraanthukalaal kashtappedunnu.
plott.
eee itharalokathu, vadakke aafrikkayileyum middle eesttileyum aadipathyamulla musleem samskaarangal "udaaravum sahishnuthayullathum ellaattinumupariyaayi sambannavumaanu."athesamayam, akvinistukal polulla theevravaada grouppukal nadathunna kolapathakangal, thattikkondupokalukal, bombakramanam ennivayulla europe kristhyan moulikavaadathinte oru pradhana sthalamaanu. muthirnna anweshakanaaya khaalid alle-sarsisiye thante pankaali anweshakanaaya davood ibn moosaykkoppam grand dukine (ellah italikaludeyum rajaavu) samrakshikkuka, europian asthirathaye aadya lokathe baadikkunnathil ninnu thadayuka ennee dauthyangalumaayi romilek ayaykkunnu.
aadya adhyaayathil vishadamaakkiyathupole, kristheeya daivashaasthrathileyum islaamika daivashaasthrathileyum vyathyastha sambhavavikasangal kaaranam 11-aamm noottaandinum 13-aamm noottaandinum idayilaanu ithara charithratthinte vyathichalana pooyint sambhavichathu. yadhaartha lokath mathatheyum yukthiyeyum samanvayippikkaan shramicha thomas akwinas, kristhumathavum yuktiyum poruthappedaathathaanennum mathavishwaasam yukthiye marikadakkanamennum padippichu. neremarichu, yadhaartha lokath islaamika vishwaasam thathwashaasthrathekkaalum shaasthrathekkaalum mikachathaanennu vaadicha alle-ghazali, iva randum poruthappedunnathaannenna karuthi.
vikasita pradhama lokathinu turkish chandra landingukal ulppede noothana shaasthramund. classical arabic bhasha vidyaasambannaraaya aalukal samsaarikkukayum saadhaarana chinnangalil upayogikkukayum cheiyunna oru lokabhashayaayi upayogikkunnu. aadhunikathayude vyaapanathode muslim samskaaravum bhashayum sailiyum lokamembaadum vyaapichu.

