
vilyam dixon kayyezhuthuprathi

northamberlandil 1733num 1738num idayil ezhuthappetta vilyam dixon kaiyezhuthuprathi britiish dveepukalil ninnulla pipe samgeethathinte ettavum pazhaya kayyezhuthuprathiyum athirthi paippukalude ettavum pradhanappetta sangeetha srothassumaanu. ithu nilavil ayilaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu.keey. bell library, perth, scotland. eee kayyezhuthuprathiyil ninnum northamberlandile edavaka rekhakalil ninnum padichathozhike vilyam dixante jeevacharithrathekkurichu valarekkurache ariyoo.
aaa manushyan.
rachayithaavinte vyakthithvathinu nerittulla eaka thelivu kayyezhuthuprathiyil ninnaan varunnath, addehathinte perum addehathinte makkalaya parsival, joonn ennee rund perum nalkunnu. 1733 muthal 1738 vareyulla theeyathikalum ithu nalkunnu. kaiyezhuthuprathiyile pala raagangalum northamberlandil nilavilundaayirunnu, chilath avasheshikkunnu, allengil eee pradeshathe sthalangalude perilaanu ariyappedunnathu. 1678ll northamberlandile stamfordhaamil oru vilyam dixon enna peru nalkappettathaayum 1708lum 1710lum vilyam dixante makkalaya parsiwal john staamfordhaaminaduthlathu fenvikkil jnjaanasnaanamettathaayum aaa kaundiyude snapana rekhakal kaanikkunnu. juuliya parayunnath ivar adutha kaalam vare kudumbatthil chilar thaamasichirunna fenvikkinaduthulla ingo southu haalil thamasikkunna dixon kudumbatthinte oru shaakhayil pettavaraayirunnuvennu kandethiyittundu. pala thalamurakalilum vilyam, parsival ennee perukal upayogikkunna paarambaryatthaal eee kudumbatthinte kandethal eluppamaakkunnu, prathyekichu parsival valare apoorvamaayathinaal; maruvashathu, pankitta perukal vyakthikale thirichariyunnathu budhimuttaakkunnu. kudumbatthile palareyum stamfordham palliyil samskarichu, avide avarude manoharamaaya oru smaarakamund. parsival oru ezhuthukaaranaayi pariseelanam nediyathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu; ithu soochippikkunnathu pusthakatthile chila likhithangal, alankaricha kaiyilullathum ennaal vyathyastha shailiyilullathum addehathinte kruthikalaanennu. ennirunnaalum eee pusthakam vilyamintethaanennu ivayil ninnu vyakthamaan-udaaharanathinu 'vilyam dixon thante pusthakam 10th 1733' ennu vaayikkunnu.
eee vilyam dixon thanneyaayirunnenkil, addeham kayyezhuthuprathiyude rachayithaavaayirunnenkil, athu samaharikkaan thudangumbol addehathinu 55 umm avasaanikkumbol 60 umm vayassaakumaayirunnu. collary udama joonn dixante makanaaya mattoru vilyam (1788-1859) eee noottaandinte avasaanathil central skotlandil anchu spotana choolakalulla oru pradhana irumbu bisinesses sthaapichu, athu addehathinte makan kooduthal vikasippichu. '1958 vare glassgoyil oru bisinasaayi nilaninnirunna 'dixons blaze' enna sthalathinu ippozhum oru sthalanaamamundu. anganeyaan kaiyezhuthuprathi skotlandil athiyathennu juuliya parayunnu.
kaiyezhuthuprathi.
18, 19 noottaandukalile kaiyezhuthuprathiyude sthaanam sambandhichu onnum thanne urappayi ariyilla.
ennirunnaalum, irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, ithu inver, perthshireile samgeethasamvidhaayakanum cellistumaaya chaals maakkintoshinte shekharathilaayirunnu. addehathinte muthachan athe graamatthil thaamasichirunna neel goyude sishyanaayirunnu. 1909-ll addeham athu sangeetha collector dorothea ruggles-braisinu vaagdaanam cheythu, "enikku mukalilathe nilayil oru pazhaya keeriya pusthakam undu; athu arcum prayojanamilla; ningalkk venamenkil athu ningalkk labhichekkaam" ennu paranju. aval marupadi nalki, "ithoru kauthukamaanu, njaan ningale kollayadikkukayalla vendathu. athu vaangaan enne anuvadikkumo?". prakopithanaaya addeham marupadi nalkki "anganeyaanengil njaan athu theeyil eriyum."kedupaadukal sambhavikkunnathin munbu aval athu purathedutthu. athirthi raajyathe pipe jigukalude shekharam" ennaanu avar samgeethathe shariyaayi amgeekarichathu. eee pusthakavum avarude vyakthigatha shekharathile athal shekharam ennariyappedunna mattu sangeetha pusthakangalum 1938-ll avarude maranashesham pothu libraric vittukoduthu.
1995-ll piper fiddler maatt siyaattil athirthiyude thekk ninnulla pipe samgeethamaayi kaiyezhuthuprathiye kooduthal krithyamaayi thiricharinju; munbu ithu vichithramaanenkilum chilar fiddle samgeethamaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. athe varsham thanne "maasttar piper" enna peril vipulamaaya kurippukalulla oru transcription prasidheekarikkaan addehathinu kazhinju; ithu aduthide moonnaam pathippil veendum puratthirakki. saadhaaranayaayi oru aksharathil soochippichirikkunna aadhunika athirthi paippukalkk anuyojyamaaya reethiyil ithu uravidathil ninnu oru toonn transpose cheythu.
puraathanathakk purame, oru sangeetha srothass enna nilayil kayyezhuthuprathiyude praadhaanyamaanu samgeethathinte eathaandu savisheshamaaya swabhaavam. kaiyezhuthuprathiyile 40 kashanangalum nritha raagangalile neenda vyathiyana settukalaanu-onnu, "doorington", 14 vakabhedangal vare. chithrangalude bhooribhaagavum aadyakaala northambrian smallpipe samgeethathinu samaanamaan, ennaal pala raagangaludeyum compass akkaalathe ankeedu northambrian smolpaippukalude orotta ashtakathekkaal, eph muthal jii vare, moorchayullatho parannatho allatha 9 svarangalaanu. athinaal scotish smolpaippukal polulla ooppan end chaantarulla smolpaippukalkko allengil ippol boarder paippukal ennariyappedunnavayko vendiyaanu samgeetham ezhuthiyathennu thonnunnu. pathonpathaam noottaandinte madhyathode aaa rund upakaranangalum erekkure illaathaayi, avayude shekharam sakalangalaayi maathrame nilaninnulloo, kooduthalum fiddle, northambrian smolpaippukal allengil lute polulla mattu upakaranangalude poruthappeduthalukalil.
samgeetham.
eee kayyezhuthuprathiyil scotish smolpaippukalilo boarder paippukalilo eluppathil play cheyyaavunna ganyamaaya sankeernathayulla oru valia sangeetha shekharam kandethi. upakaranangalude niravadhi pothuvaaya savisheshathakal undaayirunnittum, sangeetha shaili hyland pipe samgeethathil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaan. prathyekichum, evideyum vyakthamaayi nirddeshichittulla alankaarangalonnumilla, chila nottukal alankarikkunnathinulla edaykkideyulla disha maathram. ithinu vipareethamaayi, hyland pipe samgeetham saadhaaranayaayi grays nottukal sankeernamaaya paattenukal vishadamaayi vyakthamaakkunnu. koodaathe, dixon samgeetham aavarthichulla svarangal ozhivaakkukayum vishalamaaya edavelakalekkaal pradhaanamaayum ghattam gattamaayo moonnilonnum neengukayum cheiyunnu.
eee raagangal ganyavum vaividhyapoornavumaaya oru shekharam roopappeduthunnu. avayil chilath northambrian, thaazhnna scotish paarambaryangalile mattu pathippukalil ariyappedunnu-ennaal chila raagangal mattevideyengilum ariyilla, koodaathe ellah dixon pathippukalum avayude ariyappedunna samaantharangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. oru hraswa minittum oru jody vaividyangalulla oru gaana-tune koodaathe, vyathyastha thaalangalil nritha-samgeethathinte oru nirayundu. iva ulppedunnu
samaya oppukal vyakthamaayi nalkiyittillengilum madhura paattenukalil ninnum baar-dairkhyangalil ninnum kanakkakkaam. kayyezhuthuprathiyil mikka triple-time honpaippukalum chila slip-jigukalum thettayi rekhappeduthiyittundu, yathaakramam 4 allengil 6 krochattukalude baar neelam, 6 allengil 9 enniva meladic paattenukal pinthudarumbol. transcriptionil samaya oppukal 3/2,9/4 aayi thiruthi. atharam thettaaya notteshan akkaalat valare saadhaaranamaayirunnu, orupakshe vaayanayude eluppathinaayi. thaalangal ellaayppozhum nereyalla-moonnil rund honpaippukal roopathinte swabhaavasavisheshatha samanvayam kaanikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi eratta akkangalulla baarukalil randaamathe beettiludaneelam. moonnil rund honpaippukalude mattu mikka vadakku-vadakku udaaharanangalilum ullathupole, syncopated nottu kettiyitilla, marichu oru jodi aavarthichulla nottukal. 6/4, 9/4 jiggs polulla mattu tharatthilulla raagangalile chila strainukalum samanvayippichirikkunnu.
eee samahaarathe rund vyathyastha bhagangalaayi vibhajikkaamenn dick hensold vaadichu, oru kudumbatthil orotta ashtaka raagangal adangiyirikkunnu, avayil palathum ariyappedunna northambrian smallpipe tuneukalumaayi poruthappedunnu, allengil ivayude ariyappedunna udaaharanangalumaayi saamyamullathaan, mattonnil, alppam valuthayi, groupil ombathu-nottu sangeetha shreni upayogikkunna tuneukal adangiyirikkunnu, athinte valia harmonic saadhyathakalode. prathyekichum, pala raagangalum subtonic coord, maatt siyaattil transcriptionil jii mejar, dronukalumaayi poruthappedunna oru pradhana coord enniva upayogikkunnu. rund grouppukalileyum mikka tuneukalkkum rund cordukale adisthaanamaakkiyulla strainukalundu, saadhaaranayaayi jii mejar onpathu-nottu tuneukalkku oru mejar, ennaal palathum, prathyekichu "doorington", ganyamaayi sambannamaanu, desonent coord strain muthal strain vare vyathyaasappedunnu.
smallpipe groupil ninnulla oru tyoon, "jingling jeordi", dragonfly music websaittil oonlainil sthaapichittundu. dixon tyoonukalude shailiyudeyum kandupiduthathinteyum oru thithreekaranamaanithu, ithu pinneedulla pathippukalumayi nannayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu. ivayil palathum pathinezhaam noottaandile rund pathippukalum faarn aarkkaivukalil kaanam; kooduthal aadhunika pathippukal, oru thiranjeduppu gaanamaayi upayogichathinaal, "vailam away" ennariyappedunnu. 
avayellaam (orotta minitt ozhike) 'dairkhyameriya vyathiyana settukal' aanu; aadyathethinte athe adisthaana harmonic paatten adisthaanamaakkiyulla naalo athiladhikamo strainukalude settukal (saadhaaranayaayi 2 cordukal maathram), ellah vyathiyaanangalum oru pothu meladic 'taggle' avasaanikkunnu. vyathyastha raagangalude taagukal vyakthamaayi thirichariyaan kazhiyunnavayanu, koodaathe hormonic skeeminte oru savisheshatha dronukalumaayi adisthaana cordukal engane yojikkunnu ennathaanu, thathfalamaayundaakunna yojippinteyum vairudhyathinteyum thaalamaanu. udaaharanathinu, "jingling jeordi" yill, saadhaaranayaayi smallpipe tuneukalkku, adisthaana cordukal tonic, oru mejar, supertonic, bii minor aanu-randaamathethu oru shabdathil shabdamundaakkunna dronukalkkethire poruthakkedullathaanu, ivide oro strain eee cordil athinte madhyabinduvil athunnu.
raagaparamaayi, strainukal nirmmikkunnath lalithamaaya staanderd motifukalil ninnaan, orupakshe aavarthikkunnu, "jingling jeordi" yill iva aadya 2-baar vaakyathinte avasaanathil supertonicilekkum avasaanam tonikkile tagilekkum nayikkunnu. chila ragangalil harmonic paatten maarunnathinal tonic coord avasaanam veezhanamennilla. niravadhi vyathyastha ragangalil upayogikkunna dhaaraalam madhuraroopangal 'floating' aanu-orupakshe vyathyastha svarangalil vyathyasthamaaya oru samanvayathinu anuyojyamaayirikkaam. kalikkaarane sambandhichidatholam eee gadanayude praadhaanyam eee roopangal athirthi paippukalile viralukalkk thaazheyaan ennathaanu, athinaal samgeetham saankethikamaayi kelkkunnathupole budhimuttullathalla, onnukil kalikkukayo padikkukayo cheyyuka. ennirunnaalum, sravikkaanulla prabhavam gadanaaparamaaya mechappeduthalaanu.
aadhunika prathikaranam.
1995-ll samgeethathinte prasidheekaranam oru ganyamaaya prathikaranatthilekku nayichu-athirthi piperukalkku upakaranathinu anuyojyamaaya parambaraagatha samgeethathinte oru valia body labhyamaayirunnu, ithu athu engane sameepikkaamennathinekkur samoohathil ganyamaaya charchakalkku kaaranamaayi. prathyekichum, loland aandu boarder paippezhs sosaittiyude 1997 leeii collog poornnamaayum dixon samgeethathinum anubandha chodyangalkkum vendi samarppikkappettu. avide nalkia charchakal pinneedu ell. bii. pii. ezz "outtu oof dhaa flames" ennu prasidheekarichu. 1999-ll, maatt siyaattil "outtu oof dhaa flamous" ennum vilikkunna oru sidi, dgm 9907 puratthirakki, athil niravadhi dixon tuneukal record cheythu-athinusesham niravadhi paipparukalum mattullavarum dixon tyoonukalude recordingukal purathirakkiyittundu. maatt siyaattil dixon samgeethathinte ellah recordingukaludeyum oru 'dixography' paripaalikkunnu. 23 ganangal ulppede 40 recordingukal undaayittund. rund raagangal perth libraryile kayyezhuthuprathiyil ninnu nerittu aalapichu. maasttar piper" ennathinte sameepakaala moonnaam pathippil, mattu karyangalkkoppam, dixon tuneukalum mattu prasidheekarichathum kayyezhuthuprathiyumaaya srothassukalil ullavayum thammilulla bandhathekkurichu kooduthal poornnamaaya charcha ulppedunnu. aadya pathipp prathyakshappettathumuthal eee bandhangalil palathum valareyadhikam vyakthamaakkappettund.
2015 eprilil, kaiyezhuthuprathiyude prasidheekaranatthinte 20-aamm vaarshikam aaghoshikkunnathinaayi, maatt siyaattil, paippezhs kriss oormsttan, ainn jelsttan, peett stuvartt, fiddler morag braun ennivarodoppam, staamfordaam edavaka palliyil oru "veettilekku madangivarunna kacheri" nadatthi, avide dixon kudumbatthile palareyum samskarichu. jedbergile kaanon pabbil othukoodunna samgeethajnjaraanu ellah aazhchayum eee ganangal aalapikkunnath.
grandhasoochika.
moonnaam pathipp, edittu cheytha maatt siyaattil 2011,.

