alabama house oof representatives

alabama samsthaana niyamasabhayaya alabama niyamasabhayude adhosabhayaan alabama samsthaana prathinidhi sabha. thulya ennam jillakale prathinidheekarikkunna 105 amgangal adangunna sabhayil oro niyojakamandalatthilum kuranjathu 42,380 pouranmaaraanullathu. veettil kaalavadhi paridiyilla. naalu varshathilorikkal thiranjedukkappedunna amerikkayile samsthaana niyamanirmmaanasabhakalude anchu adhosabhakalil onnaanu eee sabha. yunaittad stetts house oof representatives ulppedeyulla mattu adhosabhakale rund varshathe kaalaavadhiyilekkaanu thiranjedukkunnathu.
montgomeriyile alabama stettu housilaanu veedu kandumuttunnath.
niyamaparamaaya vyavasthakal.
alabama niyamasabhayude adhosabhayaan alabama house oof representatives, uparisabha alabama senattaanu. rund samghadanakalum bharanaghadanaaparamaayi ellah varshavum alabama stettu hausil yogam cheranam. naalu varshathilorikkal thiranjeduppu varshangalil (udha.jii. 2018), avar januvariyile randaamathe chovvazhcha yogam cherunnu. naalu varshathilorikkal thiranjeduppu varshangalkk sheshamulla aadya varshathil (udha.jii. 2019), avar maarchile aadya chovvazhcha yogam cherunnu. kwaadrenniyathinte randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum varshangalil (udha.jii. (udha.jii 2020lum februvariyile aadya chovvazhchayaanu niyamasabha yogam cherunnathu. kanvenshan nadanna aaa theeyathi muthal, 105 kalandar divasangalilaayi 30 niyamanirmmaana divasathekku prathinidhikalude sabha yogam cheranam.
prathyeka sessionukal vilikkaan niyamanirmmaanasabhaykk anuvaadamilla, ennirunnaalum avaa nadakkunna saahacharyathil moonnil rund vottinaal aaa sessionukalude vishayam avarkk nirnnayikkaam. alabama niyamasabhayile prathyeka sessionukal 30 kalandar divasangalilaayi neendunilkkukayum avayil 12 ennam yogam cherukayum cheiyunnu.
angathwa aavasyakathakal.
alabaamayile prathinidhikalude sabhayil 105 amgangalundu, oronnum thulya valippamulla eaka anga niyamanirmmaana jillakale prathinidheekarikkunnu. samsthaana prathinidhikalude kaalavadhi naalu varshamaan, yunaittad stetsile thaazhnna niyamanirmmaana sabhakalil ithu asaadhaaranamaamvidham dairkhyameriyathaanu. 1902 muthal yunaittad stetts idakkaala thiranjeduppu varshangalumayi poruthappedunnathaanu amgangal thiranjedukkappettathu.
sabhayil sevanamanushtikkunnathinu, oru vyakthikk 21 vayass thikanjirikkanam. kuranjathu moonnu varshamenkilum alabama samsthaanathum kuranjathu oru varshamenkilum avarude niyamanirmmaana jillayilum thaamasicha yogyathayulla vottar aayirikkanam. alabaamayude bharanaghadanayude sekshan 46 anusarichu, "senattarmaarudeyum prathinidhikaludeyum kaalavadhi avar thiranjedukkappedunna pothu thiranjeduppinu sheshamulla divasam aarambikkukayum avarude thiranjeduppu kazhinju naalam varsham nadakkunna pothu thiranjeduppinu sheshamulla divasam avasaanikkukayum cheyyum."thalphalamaayi, november aadyam thiranjeduppu divasam kazhinju divasam prathinidhikal audyogikamaayi avarude sthaanangal ettedukkunnu.
neethrthwam.
sabhayile ettavum sakthanaaya vyakthi sabhayude speakeraanu, addehathe 105 prathinidhikalum thiranjedukkunnu. speaker proo tempore (muzhuvan chamber thiranjedukkunna), bhooripaksha nethaavu (bhooripaksha party cocus thiranjedukkunna) ennivayaanu mattu neethrthwa sthaanangal.
nyoonapaksha party cocus thiranjedukkunna nyoonapaksha nethaavaanu nyoonapaksha party neethrthwam vahikkunnath.
nashtapariharam.
bharanaghadanaa bhedagathi 57 niyamanirmmaana nashtapariharam nischayikkunnathinulla reethikal nalkunnu. 2021 muthal prathinidhikal prathivarsham 51,734 dollar sambaadikkunnu. ottaraathrikond thaamasikkunnathin prathinidhikalkk prathidinam 85 dollar thaamasa aavasyangal niravettunnathinaayi onniladhikam rathrikaala thaamasathinu prathidinam 100 dollar anuvadikkunnu. prathinidhisamghathile presiding officer prathivarsham 18,000 dollar adhikamaayi sambaadikkunnu.
prathinidhikalkk viramikkal aanukoolyangalonnum labhyamalla.
niyamanirmmaana prakriya.
house billukal speaker avarude adhikaaraparidhiyilulla kammittikalkk ayaykkunnu. niyamasabhaasammelanathinte eathu ghattathilum billukal avatharippikkam.
viniyoga billukal athu maattivaykkunnathinu munbu niyamasabhayilekku thirike nalkunnidattholam kaalam avayil line-aittam veetto upayogikkaan alabama gavarnarkk adhikaaramund. mikka saahacharyangalilum, niyamanirmmaana sammelanathil, niyamanirmmanam swamedhayaa niyamamaakunnathin munbu athu veetto cheiyunnathu pariganikkaan gavarnarkk aarr divasamundu. session avasaanichittundenkil niyamanirmmanam pariganikkaan gavarnarkk 10 divasathe samayamundu. alabama niyamanirmmaanasabhayude irusabhakalilum bhooripakshathode veetto asaadhuvaakkaam.
niyamanirmmaana udyogasthar.
samsthaana prathinidhikalkk thalasthaanathu varsham muzhuvanum vyakthigatha jeevanakkarum amgangalkkidayil pankitta chila jeevanakkarum nalkunnu. thiranjeduttha kaundikalile prathinidhikalkk pankitta jilla oafees staafukalkku arhathayund. ellah kammittikalum clerical staafukalkku shambalam nalkiyittundu, athesamayam chila kammittikalkk maathrame adhika professional staafukalulloo.
kammittikal.
kammitti amgangaleyum kammitti chairpersonmaareyum speaker niyamikkunnu.
nilavil 33 staanding kammittikalaanu sabhayilullathu. avaa thaazhepparayunnavayaanu
veedinte munkaala ghadana.
samsthaanathinte charithrathiludaneelam, kurachu hrasvamaaya ozhivaakkalukal ozhike demookratik party alabama house oof representativesilaanu bhooripaksham nediyathu. nediyathu veendum 1821 muthal 1823 vareyum 1837 muthal 1838 vareyum avasaanamaayi wig party adhosabhaye niyanthrichu.
aabhyantharayudhathinum vimochanathinum sesham, pourathvam nalkukayum swathanthrarkku vottavakaasham nalkukayum cheythathil bhooribhaagavum republican partyil chernnu. varshangalolam raashtreeyam mathsaraadhishtithamaayi maari. 1868 muthal 1870 vareyum 1872 muthal 1874 vareyum punarnirmmaana kaalayalavil rund vamshangalum ulppedunna republicanmaar bhooribhaagam seettukalum pidichedutthu.
sabhayude charitraparamaaya aadyathethu 1868-ll 27 karuthavargakkaar thiranjedukkappetta aadyathe aafrikkan-american amgangalude thiranjeduppaayirunnu. 1872ll adhosabhayilekku thiranjedukkappetta aafrikkan amerikkakkaaril revu aayirunnu. guru dotson, oru adhyaapakan. 1930-ll addehathinte kochumakal helen elsie austin sinsinnaatti yooniversitti loow schoolil ninnu birudam nediya aadyathe aafrikkan-american vanithayum 1937-ll ohaayoyile stettu asisttant attorni generalayi niyamithayaaya aadyathe karutha vargakkaariyum aadya vanithayumaayirunnu. niravadhi federal ejansikalude kaunsilaraayi avarkk oru currier undaayirunnu, pouraavakaashangalil sajeevamaayirunnu, aafrikkayil us forin sarvees offeesaraayi oru pathittaand sevanamanushtichu.
1876 muthal, republicanmaarkkethir vanchana, bheeshanippeduthal, sayudha akramanangal ennivayiloode velutha janaadhipathyavaadikal samsthaana sabhayude niyanthranam veendeduthu. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, karuthavargakkaareyum pavapetta vellakkareyum vottar pattikayil naadakeeyamaaya idivinu kaaranamaaya reethiyil vottavakaasham nishedhikkunna niyamangal avar pasaki. kongrasil sakthamaaya thekk roopeekarikkaan alabama vaitt demokraattukal sahayichu. pathittaandukalaayi sensus retainukal anusarichu punarvitharanam cheiyunnathil parajayappettathinaal samsthaana niyamanirmmanasabhayil grameena kaundikalum yaadhaasthithika janaadhipathyavaadikalum aadhipathyam pulartthi.
1922-ll aadyathe vanita amgam stettu housilekku thiranjedukkappettu naalu varshathe orotta kaalavadhi sevanamanushticha dallas kaundiyile haatti hooker wilkins.
irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil party affiliationukalude punarkrameekaranam undaayi. undaayi yuu. ezz. supreme kodathi purappeduvicha "oru manushyan, oru vottu" enna vidhi nagara adhikaaraparidhikale avarude janasamkhyayude valuppam prakadippikkunna samsthaana hausil rashtreeya adikaaram nedaan praapthamakki. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode, pouraavakaasha prasthaanathinushesham, velutha yaadhaasthithikar republican president sthaanaarthikale pinthunachukondu punarkrameekarikkan thudangi. samsthaanathe mikka karuthavargakkaarum bharanaghadanaaparamaaya avakaashangale pinthunacha naashanal demookratik party pinthunachu. praadeshika, samsthaana thalangalil niravadhi janaadhipathyavaadikale thiranjedutthu.
samsthaana sabhayude ekadesham 136 varshathe janaadhipathya niyanthranam 2010 novemberil avasaanichu. 2010 leeii pothutheranjeduppil ninnu aarambhich republicanmaar samsthaana sabhayil valia bhooripakshathilekku kuthichu. kuthichu 2014lum nadanna thiranjeduppukalil avar eee marjin vardhippichu.

