
joonn mckinley

scotish vamshajanaaya australian paryavekshakanum kannukaali makeal, dakshina australian burk durithaashwaasa paryaveshanatthinte neethaavumaayirunnu joonn mckinley (26 august 1819-31 desember 1872). chaals sturttinte central exploring paryaveshanatthil amgamaayirunna mckinley, vadakkupadinjaaran kweenslandile mckinley pattanatthinu addehathinte peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1819 august 16nuu skotlandile kaundi aargili, beaute ennividangalile clyde nadiyile manalkkinarilaan joonn mckinley janichathu. oru vyaapaariyaaya dugald mckinleyudeyum catherine "nee" mckellerinteyum moonnaamathe makanaayirunnu addeham. dalnlongart schoolil vidyaabhyaasam nediya joonn mckinley 1836ll sahodaran alexanderinoppam australiyayile nyoo southu veyilsilekku kudiyeri.
1840 vare sahodaranmaar oru schwater ammaavanodoppam jolie cheyyukayum pinneedu priyappetta nadiykkum thekkan australian athirthikkum idayil victoria thadaakathil "jambro" enna oru vasthu ettedukkukayum cheythu. eee pradeshathu adhivasichirunna thaddesheeya australiyakkaaril joonn mckinlake thaalpparyamundaayirunnu, pinneedu addeham oru paryavekshakanaayappol avarude vazhikalekkurichulla addehathinte arivu valare upayogapradamaayirunnu.
1844-ll, 25-aamm vayassil, chaals sturttinte central australian paryaveshana paryaveshanatthinte bhagamaakaan joonn mckinley thiranjedukkappettu. mckinley, <aii. dii. 1> ll ninnulla sturttinte paryaveshanatthil vijayakaramaayi pankedutthu, athu addehathinu oostreliyayekkurichulla paryaveshanaanubhavam nalki, akkaalat athu addehathinu thikachum videsha rajyamaayirunnu.
southu australian burk durithaashwaasa paryaveshanam.
vidhi anjjaathamaaya burk aandu wills paryaveshana samghathe thirayunnathinulla oru paryaveshanathinu neethrthwam nalkunnathinaayi 1861 augustil southu australian house oof assembly mckinleye thiranjedutthu. 1861 august 16nuu mattu onpathu purushanmaar, 70 aadukal, rund paakkhozhsukal, naalu ottakangal ennivarodoppam mckinley adelide vittu. 1861 october 20nuu kooppar kreekinu sameepam chaals gray ennu karuthappedunna oru europiante shavakudeeram kandethi. ennirunnaalum, burk aandu wills paryaveshanatthil ninnu rakshapetta eakanaaya joonn king, innu koonki thadaakam ennariyappedunna kooppar kreekinu vadakku chaals gray marichathaayi kandethiya sambhavangal vivarichu. mckinley kandethiya avashishtangal innum anjjaathamaanu. mckinley ithu sarkkaarine ariyikkukayum taamasiyaathe roobert oo 'haara barkkinteyum vilyam joonn vilsinteyum avashishtangal kandethiyathayi ariyukayum cheythu. mckinley central moundu stuvaarttinte dishayilekku paryavekshanam cheyyaan theerumaanichenkilum kanatha mazhayum vellappokkavum addehathe pinthirippichu. barkkinte party kaanaan ayacha echmvikal "victoria" kandethaamenna pratheekshayil mckinley pinneedu marappanikkarkkulla gulfilake pookaan theerumaanichu. 1862 meyy 20 aayappozhekkum gulfinte theeram ekadesham anchu mile (8 kilometer) akaleyaanennu karuthappettirunnuvenkum edayilulla raajyam valare budhimuttaayirunnu, kizhakode tiriyanum vadakkan queensland theerathu thuramukham nirmmikkanum theerumaanichu. 1862 august 2 nuu portt denisoninaduthulla bovan nadiyile oru steshanil ethi, kurachu divasangal vishramicha sesham paryaveshanam portt denisonilethi. party pinneedu kadalmargam adelydelake madangi. mckinlake sarkkaaril ninnu 1000 poundu graantum royal geographical sosaitti oof englandil ninnu oru swarnna vaachum labhichu.
madhyakala jeevithavum vadakkan pradesha paryaveshanavum.
1863 januvari 17nuu mckinley jaine pail (c. 1837-14 februvari 1914), jaims pailinte makal (c. 1799-19 march 1885) oru pazhaya suhruthum idayanum kuthira pariseelakanumaaya joonn pailinte pithavum, ennaal taamasiyaathe veendum paryavekshanam aarambhichu. 1865 septambaril vadakkan pradesham paryavekshanam cheiyunnathinum paarakkettukalil ninnu rakshappedunnathinekkaal vaasasthalathinu anuyojyamaaya oru sthalam kandethunnathinum panthrand peradangunna oru party nayikkaan addehathe thiranjedutthu. tii. finnis thante prashasthi vardhippikkukayum vilayeriya naanakkedundaakkukayum cheythu. asaadhaaranamaaya oru mazhakkaalamayirunnu athu, kizhakkan muthalakalude nadiyil eee paryaveshanam vellappokkathal chuttappettirunnu. valia vibhavangal upayogichu mckinley, thante kuthirakale konnu, avayude tholiyum thaikalum upayogichu oru raaft nirmmikkukayum edmandukalum addehathinte party theerathekku apakadakaramaaya yaatra nadathukayum cheythu. portt darvinum aansan bayke chuttumulla raajyathil vaasasthalathinu anuyojyamaanennu mckinley anukoolamaayi report cheythu.
vaikia jeevitam.
1866-ll vadakkan pradeshathu ninnu thekkan oostreliyayilekku madangiyethiya sesham, mckinley thekkan australiyayile golar pattanathinaduthulla edayavelakal aarambhichu. 1872 desember 31nuu joonn mckinley golaril vachu marichu. 1914ll maricha bhaarya jaine pailinoppam mckinleye villaastan general semitheriyil samskarichu. 1875ll joonn mckinleyude oormmaykkaayi oru smaarakam golar, maray streettile pradhana theruvil sthaapichu.

