
sheldon peck

sheldon peck (august 26,1797-march 19,1868) oru american naadodi kalakaran bhoogarbha reyilveyile conductor saamoohika pravarthakanumaayirunnu. pekkinte chhaayaachitram-athinte vyathirikthamaya shailiyode-pathonpathaam noottaandile american naadodi kalayude oru pradhana udaaharanamaanu. unmoolanam, vamseeya samathvam, manodhairyam, pothu vidyaabhyaasam, sthreekalude avakashangal, samaadhaanavaadam ennivaykku vendi vaadikkunnathilum addeham prashasthanaayi.
aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum.
jacobinteyum elisabath pekkinteyum onpathaamathe makanayi vermontile konvaalilaanu peck janichathu. pekkinte poorvvikar puthiya abhaya kolaniyude nirmmaanathinu sahayichu; addehathinte pithaav oru kammaranaayi jolie cheyyukayum viplava yudhathil svakaaryanaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu.
peck 1825-ll haariyat koriye (1806-1887) vivaham kazhikkukayum oduvil dambathikalkku pathimoonnu kuttikalundaavukayum cheythu. 1828ll peck kudumbam newyorkkile jordanilekku thamasam maarukayum 1836ll padinjarottu chikkagoyilekku maarunnathuvare avide thaamasikkukayum cheythu. oru varshathinusesham peck oduvil chikkaagoyil ninnu ekadesham irupathiyanchu mile padinjaaru baabkokkinte thottil (ippol lombard) thamasamaakki. thante 160 ekkar krishiyidathil peck oru thadi frame house nirmmichu (1839 ll poortthiyaayi) athu innum nilanilkkunnu. addeham vilakal valarthukayum merino aadukale valarthukayum cheythu, randaamathethu thekk aasthaanamaayulla parutthi vyavasaayatheyum aafrikkan adimavelayude upayogatheyum pinthunaykkaathe vasthrangalkkayi asamskritha vasthukkal uthppaadippikkunnathinu oru margamaayirunnu.
pekkinu aupachaarika kalaa vidyaabhyaasam labhichathayi soochippikkunna rekhakalonnumilla. peck avide thaamasichirunna samayat vermontil sajeevamaayirunna oru aadima chhaayaachithra chithrakaaranaaya vilyam jennis addehathinte srishtikale swaadheenichittundaakam. konvaal yang gentlemens sosaittiyude libraryil sookshichirunna kalaa nirddesha grandhangalilekkum pekkinu praveshanam undaayirunnene.
kalaasrishti.
peck praadhamikamaayi chhaayaachithrangal varachu (alankaara furniture paintingilum addeham earppettirunnu). pekkinte chhaayaachithrathe addeham akkaalat thaamasichirunna sthalathe adisthaanamaakki moonnu vyathyastha kaalaghattangalaayi thirikkam.
vermont kaalayalav, sii. eiii. 1820-1828.
pekkinte aadyakaala kruthikal ekadesham 1820 kaalaghattatthil nirmmichavayaanu, praadhamikamaayi thadi paanalukalil arakkett neelamulla enna chhaayaachithrangal adangiyirikkunnu; addehathinte aadyakaala kruthikalil palathum swantham kudumbatthile amgangale chithreekarichirikkunnu. aadyakaalangalil thanne peck chaayaachithrangalodulla thante savisheshamaaya lalithamaaya sameepanam sthaapichu. eee kaalayalavil pekkinte paintingukalile roopangalkku kadinavum koneeyavumaaya thalangalum nischalamaaya bhaavangalumulla mangiya mukhangalundu. irundathum uncuted pashchaathalatthilaanu eee chithrangal varachirikkunnath. chhaayaachithrangal arayil vachukondu, peck poornna roopangal varaykkunnathinulla velluvilikal ozhivaakki.
pekkinte signature alankaara rooparekha-muyal track-eee kaalaghattatthil ithinakam thanne nannayi sthaapithamaanu. moonnu brush strockukal (rund cheriyava kondu chuttapetta oru neenda stokku) oru muyalinte kaalppadukalumaayi saamyamullathum pekkinte chhaayaachitrangalil palappozhum veendum prathyakshappedunnathum saadhaaranayaayi vasthrathilo pashchaathalatthil evideyengilum kaanapedunnu. eee moonnu brush strock roopakalpana aaa kaalaghattatthil janapriyamaayirunnuvenkilum-prathyekichu furnitureukalilo tinveyarukalilo jolie cheiyunna alankaara chithrakaaranmaarkkidayil-ithu pekkumaayi valare adutha bandhamullathinal addeham thante paintingukalil oppidaathathinaal athu addehathinte yadhaartha oppayi maari (akkaalathe oru saadhaarana reethi).
newyork kaalaghattam, 1828-1836.
1828ll newyorkkil athiyappol, peck vermontilennapole thadi paanalukalil pakuthi neelamulla chhaayaachithrangal varaykkunnathu thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, addeham kurachu thilakkamulla varnna paalat upayogikkaan thudangi, aabharanangal, baibilukal, pazhangal, alankaricha furnitureukal, pashchaathalatthil vasthrangalude swaagukal thudangiya vyakthigatha aaksasarikal upayogichu thante vishayangal alankarikkaan thudangi. eee kaalaghattatthile janapriya chhaayaachithra kanvenshanukalaayirunnu iva, mattu kalakaaranmaarude srishtikalaal peck swaadheenikkappettirunnu soochippikkunnu-allengil kuranjathu, nireekshichenkilum.
illinois kaalaghattam, 1836-1869.
1836-ll peck chikkagoyilekku thamasam maari, avide addeham kurachu maasangal maathram thaamasichu, orikkal koodi maarukayum baabkokkinte thottil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu. orikkal illinoyisil, canvassinu anukoolamaayi upekshikkappetta thadi paanalukal peck cheyyuka. samsthaanathe thante aadya varshangalil, peck kizhakk peyint cheythathinu samanamaaya pakuthi neelamulla chhaayaachithrangal varaykkunnathu thudarnnu.
ennirunnaalum, pekkinte joliyil ettavum samoolamaaya maattam sambhavikkunnath illinoyisilaanu. 1845ll daagyoorodaippukal amerikkayil janapreeti nedukayaayirunnu. photographic athu vaagdaanam cheiyunna nettangalkkumethire malsarikkunnathinu, peck thante srishtiyil thilakkamulla oru kalar paalat avatharippichu. photography ninnu soochanakal edukkunna onniladhikam poornna neelamulla roopangal ulkkollunna oru thirashcheena formaattum addeham upayogichu. ("valathuvashathulla chithram kaanuka") koodaathe, peck canvassil nerittu varacha oru "tromp-ell 'ail" frame cherkkum. kyanwas frame cheiyunnathinulla chelavu upabhokthaavin ozhivaakkikkond paintinginte mothatthilulla chelavu kuraykkunnathinaanu ithu cheythathennu karuthappedunnu.
activism.
1828 muthal 1836 vare, 19-aamm noottaandile unmoolanam, manodhairyam, sthreekalude avakashangal, pothu vidyaabhyaasam ennivayulppede vividha parishkarana prasthaanangalude choodulla aditharayaaya bayne-ovar distrikt ennariyappedunna newyorkkile oru pradeshathaanu peck thaamasichirunnathu. peck eee vishwaasangalil palathum sweekarikkukayum thante jeevithathiludaneelam saamoohika maattathinaayi vaadikkukayum cheythu.
unmoolanam.
adimatham udan avasanippikkunnathinum aafrikkan-amerikkakkaarkk thulya avakashangal nalkunnathinum vendi vaadikkunna oru "samoolamaaya unmoolanavaadiyaayi" pekkine kanakkaakkiyirunnu. illinoyisil thaamasikkumbol addeham "vestten sittisan" enna nirmmaarjjanavaada pathratthinte sannadha ejantaayirunnu, athaayath addeham pathratthinu vendi kudissika shekharikkukayum "pouranmaarude" adimatha virudha kaazhchappaadukal pracharippikkukayum cheyyum.
paashchaathya pouranu" vendi pravarthikkunnathinu purame, adimatham nirmarjanam ennathil pradhana shradha kendreekaricha oru rashtreeya partyaya liberty party prathinidhiyaayirunnu peck. dupage kaundi aanti slavery sosaittiyilum (illinois stettu aanti slavery sosaittiyude bhagam) peck amgamaayirunnu. 1856-ll, peck illinois stettu abolitionism kanvenshanile oru dupage kaundi prathinidhiyayi sevanamanushtichu, akkaalat "newyork times" lekhanam "radical abolitionistukalude kanvenshan" ennu vilikkapettu, athaayath prakadippicha ashayangal adimatham avasaanippikkunnathinpumpu vamseeya samathvavum ulkkollunnu.
adimatha nirmmarjana partykalumaayi pravarthikkunnathinu purame, adimathathinte thinmakalekkurichu prabhashanam nadatthaan peck palappozhum athidhi prabhaashakare thante veettilekku kshanikkaarundaayirunnu. peck hausil vanna rund pramukha aafrikkan-american samsarikkunnavar johnny johns (chikkago adimatha virudha prasthaanatthil sajeevamaayirunna swathanthramaayi janicha mulaatto, joonn brouninte koottaaliyaayirunnu), echu. foord dougless (prashasthanaaya prabhashakanum frederic daglasinte suhruthumaaya oru rakshapetta adima).
bhoogarbha railway.
bhoogarbha reyilveyil peck oru kandakdaraayi sajeevamaayi pravarthichuvennu sthireekarikkunna niravadhi vivaranagal nilavilundu. peck thante swathil swaathanthrya anweshakare olippikkukayum thudarnnu avare vaagan vazhi chikkagoyilekku maattukayum cheiyumennu pothuve vishwasikkappedunnu. ithu swaathanthrya anweshakarkku reyil vazhiyo valia thadaakangaliloodeyo kaanadayilekk pookaan sahayikkum. kurukkan thaazhvarayiloode (avaril palarum avarude chhaayaachithrangal varaykkaan pekkine vaadakaykku eduthirunnu) vadakkott kurukkan nadiyude theerathu kalnadayayo kanoyilo viskonsinilekkum avide ninnu kaanadayilekkum pookunnathaayirunnu mattoru saadhyathayulla paatha. (1850leeii olichodiya adima niyamam niyamamaayathin sesham kaanadayilekk rakshappedendathu aavashyamaayirunnu, kaaranam rakshapetta adimakal vadakku swatantra samsthaanangalil athiyaalum avare adimakalilekku thirike konduvaraan kazhiyum.) peck thante prajakale varaykkaan vadakkukizhakkan illinoyisiludaneelam pathivayi sanjarichu, eee yaatra addehathinte bhoogarbha railway jolikalkku oru cover nalki.
addehathinte ilaya makanaaya frank peck, pithaavinte pravarthanangalekkurichu vishadaamshangal jenalukalil rekhappeduthukayum addehathinte kudumbatthinte veedu bhoogarbha reyilveyude bhaagamaayirunnathenneyenna palappozhum pankuvaykkukayum cheythu.
ente aankuttikalude kaalathu, adimathathilninnu rakshappedaan thekk neegrokkale sahaayicha oru adimathavirudhavaadhiyaayirinu ente pithaav. bhoogarbha reyilveyude steshanaaya raajyathinte eee bhaagathe adimathathe ethirkkunna ellaavarudeyum aasthaanamaayi njangalude veedu upayogichirunnu. oru sambhavam enikku vyakthamaayi oormmayundu, athu innale ennapole-oru ratri, njaan oru kochukuttiyaayirunpol, chikkago jillayilekkulla vazhiyil avare sahayikkunna ezhu neegrokkale ente pithaav samrakshichu.
thante kudumbatthinte veettil swaathanthrya anweshakarkkoppam thaan paadiya adima aathmeeyagaanangalum frank peck vivarikkunnu, prathyekichu "ooldu charley" ennariyappedunna oru bhoogarbha railway conductor (rakshapetta adima) paadiya gaanangalum
<kavita>
tibbler moonil uruttuka, vazhithettikkaathirikkaani tablerine nayikkuka
naittingel gaanam poornnamaaya tunilaanu
athesamayam njaan chandranode paraathippedunnu.
</kavita>
(adima bhashayil alapikkunna "tibbler moonn" "sanjarikkunna chandran" aanennu karuthappedunnu-avarude yaathraykkide rakshappedaan prakasham sahayikkunna oru poornnavum thilakkamullathumaaya chandran.) frank pekkinte makal swaathanthrya anweshakar engane "[peck] veedinu chuttumulla kalappurakalil olichirikkukayum pittennu canaden athirthiyilekkum swaathanthryathilekkula vazhiyil oru pullu chumannu kondupookukayum cheythu" ennum oormmippichu."
shaantatha.
pathonpathaam noottaandil adimatha virudhavum samyamana prasthaanangalum adutha bandhamullavayayirunnu, peck rund kaaranangalkkum vendi vaadichu. peck thante swathil samyamana yogangal nadathukayum avaa palappozhum unmoolanaavaadiyaaya "paashchaathya pouran" pathratthil parasyam cheyyukayum cheythu. koodaathe, peck kudumbam "grovil temperance piknikkukal" samghadippikkum, ithu chicagocarc baabkokkinte grovil pekkinte familake oru divasam neendathum madyarahithavumaaya oru vinodam aaswadikkaanulla avasaramaan.
akkaalathe palareyum pole, madyam vividha saamoohika, aarogya prashnangalilekku nayikkunnuvennu pekkum vishwasichirunnu. addehathinte ilaya makan frank peck, valarnnuvarunna samayat samyamanam enna ashayam ethratholam prachaarathilundaayirunnu vivarichu
mitatwa prasthaanam valareyadhikam charcha cheyyappettu...ente pala suhruthukkaludeyum parichayakkaarudeyum akaala shavakudeerangalil strong drinkinte falamaayundaakunna prakshubdhathakalum palappozhum athilninnu undaakunna prashnangalum nirachuvennum avayil chilath paripalikkaan njaan sahaayichittundennum oru nigamanathil maathrame athicherunnulloo ennum parayumbol enikku khedamundu, poornnamaayum ozhivaakkunnath oru nalla kaaryamaan.
pothuvidyaabhyaasam.
1820kalkk munbu soujanya pothu vidyaabhyaasam sarkkaarinte utharavaadithamaayi kanakkakkiyirunnilla. ennirunnaalum, pathonpathaam noottaandile parishkarana prasthaanangal aaa kaazhchappaadine maattimarichu, anjjathayil ninnu janaadhipathyathe samrakshikkunnathinulla oru maargamaayi peck prathyekichu soujanya pothu vidyaabhyaasathe pinthunachu.
1836ll baabkokkinte thottil athiyappol peck thante veettil oru school sthaapichu. addeham vyakthiparamayi schoolinte adthyaapakante shambalam nalkukayum pradeshathe ellah kuttikaleyum klaasukalil pankedukkaan shanikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu addeham thante swathil oru schoolaayum pothuyoga sthalamaayum upayogikkunnathinaayi mattoru kettidam nirmmichu. praadeshika methadist charchu samghadippicha oru njaayarazhcha skoolinte sooprandaayi peck pinneedu sevanamanushtichu.
maranavum paarambaryavum.
1869 march 19nuu peck bharya pathimoonnu makkalil pathuvareyum athijeevichu. lombard semitheriyil addehathe samskarichu. addehathinte ilaya makan frank oru dayari sookshichu, athu neegro aathmeeyavum bhoogarbha railway rekhappeduthunnathinu charitrakaaranmaarkku valare upayogapradamaanennu karuthunnu.
sheldon peck homsted.
sheldon pekkinte 1839-leeii veedu addehathinte kochumakal lombard historikkal sosaittikk sambhavana cheythu. oru aaktivisttum kalakaranenna nilayilulla pekkinte pravarthanangalkkaayi samarppichirikkunna myoosiyamaaya sheldon peck homstedaayi ithu ippol pravartthikkunnu. deseeya bhoogarbha railway shringalayude rajisttaril eee veedu oru sthireekarikkappetta bhoogarbha railway saittayi pattikappedutthiyittundu.
thante pravartthanatthinte moolyam.
naadan, aadima kalakalude nilavaaratthile uyarchaye prathifalippikkunna pekkinte kalayude moolyam varshangalayi ganyamaayi uyarnnu. chikkagoyile art instittyoott, chikkago histtari museum, newyork nagaratthile american phokku art museum ennivayulppede americaykku chuttumulla myoosiyangalil addehathinte paintingukal kaanaan kazhiyum. peck orikkalum thante kruthiyil oppidaathathinaal, "puthiya" peck chhaayaachithrangal nirantharam kandethunnund.