itaaliyan cruiser etruria

1891ll cantier naavale fratelli orlando livorno nirmmicha itaaliyan "rejia maarina" (royal nevi) yude samrakshitha cruiseraayirunnu etruria. italiyile muun pradesangalaaya "etruria" yude perilo nilavile perilo peritta aarr kappalukalil moonnaamatheyaalaayirunnu avar. naalum aarum thokkukalulla pradhana aayudangal kappalil sajjeekarichirunnu, avalkk oru vegathayil neeravi cheyyaan kazhiyum.
"etruria" medittareniyan kadalile pradhana kappalppadaykkoppamaanu thante aadyakaala currier chelavazhichathu. 1900 kalude thudakkathil, avar vadakkum thekkum american jalapradeshangalil kooduthal samayavum chelavazhichu; 1907 lum 1909 lum jaimstown pradarshanathinum hudson-fulttan aaghoshathinumaayi avar america sandarshichu. pradhaanamaayum vadakke aafrikkayile itaaliyan sainikarkk vedivayppu pinthuna nalkikkond kappal itaalo-turkish yudhathil pankedutthu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathode oru pariseelana kappalayi churungiya etruria, austreliya-hangariyude chaara shringhala eratta ejantumaar vittuveezhcha cheythittillenn bodhyappeduthunnathinayi livornoyile "reejiya maarina" manappoorvvam mukki.
design.
"etruria" mothatthil valare neendathaayirunnu, athinte oru beam undaayirunnu, athinte oru draaft undaayirunnu. classile vyakthigatha amgangalkku nirddishta sthaanachalana kanakkukal nilanilkkunnillenkilum avaa saadhaarana nilayilum poornna bhaarathilum sthaanabhramsham varuthunnu. kappalukalkk oru raam villum oru flush deck undaayirunnu. oro kappalilum oru jodi pooll maastukal gadippichirunnu. avarkk 233 num 278 num idayil oru samghamundaayirunnu.
avalude propulsion sisttathil rund scru propellerukale oodikkunna oru jodi thirashcheena triple-expansion steem enchinukal ulppedunnu. rund fanalukalaayi vent cheytha naalu silindar fayar-tube boyilarukalaanu neeravi vitharanam cheythath. avalude speed trialsil aval paramavadhi eiii. tii. yill ethi. kappalin ekadesham oru cruising radius undaayirunnu.
"etruria" ottaykku gadippicha naalu ell/40 thokkukalude pradhana baattariyodoppam aayudhadhaariyaayirunnu, rund vashangal vashathum rund vashangal vashathum. oro broadsidelum moonnennam veethamulla aarr ell/40 thokkukalude oru dvitheeya baattari avaykkidayil sthaapichu. torpido bottukalkkethiraaya aduthunilkkunna prathirodhatthil ettu thokkukalum rund thokkukalum oru jodi mesheen gannukalum ulppedunnu. rund torpido tubeukalum avalkk undaayirunnu. "etruria" oru kattiyulla deck kondu samrakshikkappettu, avalude coning gopuratthinu 50 milleemettar kattiyulla vashangalundaayirunnu.
sevana charithram.
"1889 epril 1 nuu livornoyile odero-terney-orlando kappalsaalayil "etruria" sthaapichu. dhanasahaayathinte kuravu "etruria" yudeyum avalude sahodari kappalukaludeyum poorttheekaranatthe mandagathiyilaakki. sajeevamaaya kappalpadaye sevanathil nilanirthaan panam upayogikkaan kazhiyunna vidhathil nirmmaanatthinte vegatha kuraykkaan karsanamaaya bajattukal navikasena nirbandhitharaakki. thalphalamaayi, 1891 epril 23 nuu samaarambhicha avalude kappal poortthiyaakkaan rund varshameduthu. phitting outtu jolikal kooduthal saavadhaanathil thudarnnu; avar kammeeshan cheyyaan thayyarayilla; avar kammeeshan cheythathinetthudarnnu, "etruria" yeei itaaliyan kappalinte randaam divishanilekku ionclad yudhakkappalukal, rund cruiserukal, aarr torpido bottukal ennivaykkoppam 1894 octoberil niyamichu. 1895-ll avalkkum mattu kappalukalkkum pakaram irumbu kappalukalum torpido cruiser sthaapichu. 1895 juun 20 nuu, "etruria" yum "surdegna", "ruggiero dii loria" enniva ulppedunna oru kappal kaisar wilhem kanaalinte udghaadana chadanginaayi jarmmani sandarshichu. brittan, france, russia, spain, mattu niravadhi rajyangal ennividangalil ninnulla samghangal aaghoshathil pankedutthu.
"1902ll itaaliyan erithriyayile colonial senaye pinthunaykkunnathinaayi "etruria" chenkadalil nilayurappichu. 1907 eprilil, amerikkayile aadyathe sthiramaaya engleesh vaasasthalamaaya jaimstown kolaniyude 300-aamm vaarshikathinte smaranaykkaayi jaimstown pradarshana velayil italiye prathinidheekarikkunnathini "etruria" yum kavachitha cruiser atlaantik kadannu. austro-hangarian prathinidhi samghathinu purame, anthaaraashtra kappalppadayil grettu brittan, jappan, jarmmani, austriya-hungery, mattu niravadhi rajyangalil ninnulla yudhakkappalukalum ulppettirunnu. "1909 septambaril newyork nagaratthil nadanna hudson-fulttan aaghoshathinaayi "etruria" amerikkayilekku madangi, athil aathidheya us naavikasenaykku purame jarmman, britiish, franch kappalukal ulppedunnu. eee avasarathil, pariseelana cruiser avarkoppam chernnu.
"1910 october october fraansil ninnu italiyilekku alps kadakkaan shramicha apakadatthil kollapetta peruvian pailat jorjju shaavesinte smaranaykkaayi nadanna chadangil italiye prathinidheekarichathum "etruria" aayirunnu. franch cruiser eee paripaadikkaayi "etruria" yumayi chernnu. 1911 maarchil kappal amerikkayilekku mattoru sandarshanam nadatthi, ithavana saan fraansiskoyil. march 17 nuu itali saamraajyathinte prakhyaapanatthinte 50-aamm vaarshikathodanubandhichaanu avarude sandarshanam; vaarshikathodulla bahumaanaartham "etruria" 21 thokku salute nadatthi, athu thuramukhathe us naavika pariseelana kendram thirike nalki.
1911 septambar october libia pidichedukkunnathinaayi itali automan saamraajyathinethire yuddham prakhyaapichu. aaa samayat, "etruria" appozhum american jalathilaayirunnu, pakshe aval pettennu thirichuvilichu. october october avar bengassyilekku pookunna oru sainika vaahanavyoohathinaayi escortinoppam chernnu. automan aakramanathinu saadhyathayulla naalu pree-dreadnote yudhakkappalukal, avarude sahodariyum mattoru cruiser, anchu distroyarukalum ulppedunna escortil vaahanavyooham valareyadhikam samrakshikkappettu. pittennu raavile automan gaarisan keezhadangan visammathichathine thudarnnu itaaliyan kappalppada nagaram bombittu. bombaakramana samayat kappalukalil ninnulla paarttikalum sainika kappalukalil ninnulla kaalalppadayum theerathekku pooyi. vaikunnerathode nagaratthilekku pinwangan itaaliyanmaar udan thanne ottomanmaare nirbandhichu. oru hrasvamaaya uparodhathinusesham, october october ottoman sainyam pinmari, nagaram italikkaarkku vittu.
disambarode, "etruria" tobrakkilekku mattappettu, avide avar nagaratthe prathirodhikkunna itaaliyanmaarkku vediyuthirkkaan pinthuna nalki. etna" yum panthrand torpido bottukalum avarkoppam avide chernnu. ithinidayil, kappalppadayude bhooribhaagavum refittinginaayi italiyilekku madangiyethiyirunnu. 1912 januvariyil "etruria" bengassyilekku maatti. adutha aarumasam avar ivide thudarnnu, automan prathyaakramanangalkkethir kaavalkkaare pinthunachu. nagarathinu purathulla automan campukalkku nere kappal aavarthichu shellakramanam nadatthi. october october automans keezhadangi yuddham avasaanippichu.
"pazhaya irumbu pothinja yudhakkappalukalum niravadhi cheria kappalukalum ulppedunna praadeshika prathirodha senayude bhaagamaayi "etruria" libiyayil nilayurappichirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathode kappal oru pariseelana cruiseraayi churungi. italiyile austro-hungarian ejantumaar nadatthiya attimariyude bhaagamaayi 1918 august august itaaliyan naavikasena manappoorvvam livornoyil "etruria" pottitherichu. uddeshicha ejantumaar yadhaarthathil eratta ejantumaaraayi thiranjedukkappettirunnu, koodaathe "etruria" yude nasham avarude chaara shringalayilulla aastro-hangarian aathmavishwaasam shakthippeduthunnathina uddeshichathu.

