
protestant daarmikathayum muthalaalithatthinte athmaavum

jarmman saamoohyashaasthranjanum saambathika shaasthranjanum raashtreeyakkaaranumaaya maiks weber ezhuthiya oru pusthakamaanu dhii protestant ethikku aandu dhii spiritt oof capitalism. 1904lum 1905lum rachicha eee yadhaartha jarmman grandham 1930ll american saamoohyashaasthranjanaaya talcott paarsans aadyamaayi engleeshilekku vivarthanam cheythu. ithu saambathika saamoohikashaasthrathile oru sthaapaka grandhamaayum pothuve saamoohikachinthaykku nalkia naazhikakkallayum kanakkaakkappedunnu.
mathethara lokath jolie cheyyaanum swantham samrambhangal vikasippikkaanum vyaapaarathil earppedaanum nikshepathinaayi sambathu shekharikkaanum protestant (prathyekichu kaalvinist) dhaarmikatha dhaaraalam aalukale swaadheenichappozhaanu vadakkan europile muthalaalitham parinamichathennu pusthakatthil weber ezhuthi. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, aadhunika muthalaalithatthinte aasoothrithamallaathathum ekopithamallaathathumaaya aavirbhaavathin pinnile oru pradhana shakthiyaayirunnu protestant thozhil dhaarmikatha. kaalvinisttukalkk purame, weber lutherance (prathyekichu peettistukal, ennaal parambaraagatha lutheranmaarum kaalvinisttukalum thammilulla vyathyaasangal rekhappeduthunnu), methadistukal, baapttistukal, kwekarukal, moravians (kaundu voonn syncendorfinte athmeeya neethrthwathilulla herenhat adisthaanamaakkiyulla samoohathe prathyekamaayi paraamarsikkunnu) ennivayekkurichum charcha cheiyunnu.
1998ll internaashanal soshyolajikkal association eee kruthiye vebarinte "sambadvyavasthayum samoohavum", milsinte "saamoohika bhavana", merttante "saamoohika sidhaanthavum saamoohika ghadanayum" ennivaykku sesham irupathaam noottaandile naalaamathe ettavum pradhanappetta saamoohika pusthakamaayi pattikapedutthi. 1950 nuu munbu prasidheekaricha saamoohika shaasthrathil ettavumadhikam udharikkappedunna ettaamathe pusthakamaanith.
sangraham.
adisthaana ashayangal.
protestantisathuklatheku vishadamaaya padanamalla, marichu vividha matha ashayangalum saambathikashaasthravum ('1915,1916,' purathana joothamatham '1917) thammilulla edapedalinekkurichulla vebarinte pilkkala padanangalude aamukhamaanenkilum, "protestant daarmikathayum muthalaalithatthinte athmaavum" purittan daarmikathayum ashayangalum muthalaalithatthinte vikasanathe swaadheenichuvennu vaadikkunnu. muthalaalithatthinte aathmaav' ennathu adhibhouthika ardhathil aathmaavine soochippikkunnilla, marichu moolyangalude oru koottatthe, kadinaadhvaanathinteyum purogathiyudeyum aathmaavine soochippikkunnu.
mathaparamaya bhakti, weber vaadikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi sambathum swathukkalum thedunnathu ulppedeyulla laukika kaaryangale nirasikkunnu. thante sidhaantham vyakthamakkaan, benchamin franklinte dhaarmika rachanakal weber udharikkunnu
ithu verum athyaagrahathinte thathwashaasthramallennum dhaarmikabhaasha niranja oru prasthaavanayaanennum weber abhipraayappedunnu. sathyathil, daivam thanikk sadgunathinte prayojanam velippeduthiyennu franklin avakaashappedunnu.
parishkaranangal joliyekkurichulla kaazhchappaadine aazhathil baadhichu, ettavum laukikamaaya thozhilukaleppolum pothu nanma vardhippikkunnathaayi maanyamaakkukayum angane daivathaal anugrahikkappedukayum cheythu, eathu "vishudha" viliyum (jarmman <unk>). thante joliye vettayaadunna oru thunnalkkaaran thante muzhuvan shramavum daiva sthuthikkayi samarppikkunnathaan oru saadhaarana udaaharanam.
katholikkarumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol protestantisathile thozhil dhaarmmikathaykk oonnal nalkunnathinaayi, muthalaalithathinu munbulla thozhilaallikale niyamikkumbol vyavasayikal abhimukeekarikkunna oru pothu prashnam addeham shradhikkunnu thozhilaallikal chelavazhikkunna samayam kooduthal moolyavathaayathaayi kaanukayum kooduthal samayam chelavazhikkukayum cheiyumenna pratheekshayode kaarshika samrambhakar uyarnna vethanam vaagdaanam cheyth vilaveduppu samayam prolsaahippikkaan sramikkum. ennirunnaalum, pree-kaapittalist samoohangalil ithu palappozhum thozhilaallikal vilaveduppinu "kuranja" samayam chelavazhikkaan kaaranamaakunnu. jolie cheyyaanum kooduthal samayam chelavazhikkanum kazhiyumbol thanne thangalkk athe varumanam nedaan kazhiyumennu thozhilaallikal vidhikkunnu. kooduthal protestantukallulla samoohangal kooduthal vikasithamaaya muthalaalitha sambadvyavasthayullavayaanum addeham abhipraayappedunnu.
saankethika thozhilukalil thozhilaallikalkk avarude karakaushalathil angeyattam arppanabodham pularthunnathu prathyekichum prayojanakaramaanu. karakaushalathe oru avasaanamaayi kaanuka, allengil oru "vilii" enna nilayil eee aavasyam nannayi niravettum. mathavidyaabhyaasam nilanirtthiya chila vibhagangalil, prathyekichu oru peettist pashchaathalatthil, eee manobhaavam nannayi paraamarshikkappedunnu.
saambathika nettatthinte yukthisahamaya pinthudaraline anukoolikkunna ashayangalum "pinthunaykkunna" aashayangalumaanu muthalaalithatthinte aathmaavenn addeham nirvachikkunnu "ennirunnaalum, oru aahvaanathe pinthudarunnathil []", benchamin franklin udaaharanam nalkia reethiyil swantham nanmaykkaayi labhathinaayi chittayayi parisramikkunna manobhaavathinaayi 'muthalaalithatthinte aathmaav' enna prayogam njangal thaalkkaalikamaayi upayogikkum."
atharamoru manobhaavam paashchaathya samskaarathil maathram othungunnillennum, athu vyakthikalude manobhaavamaayi kanakkaakkukayaanenkil, marichu atharam vyakthikalkk-addeham avare veerochitha samrambhakar ennu vilikkunnathupole-svayam oru puthiya saambathika kramam (muthalaalitham) sthaapikkaan kazhiyillennum weber choondikkaanikkunnu. muthalaalithatthinte aathmaavine mathathil ninnu verpeduthaamennum thante kaalaghattatthile abhiniveshamulla muthalaalikal onnukil sabhayodu abhiniveshamullavaro allengil kuranjathu athinodu nissamgathayullavaro aanennum addeham abhiprayappettu. kuranja parishramatthode labhathinaayulla aagrahavum joliye ozhivaakkenda oru bhaaramaayi kaanunnathum mithamaaya jeevithathinu mathiyaayathil kooduthal cheyyaathirikkunnathum pothuvaaya manobhaavangalaayirunnu. addeham thante lekhanangalil ingane ezhuthi
muthalaalithatthinte aathmaav" nirvachichathinushesham, parishkaranatthinte mathaparamaya ashayangalil athinte uthbhavam kandethaan niravadhi kaaranangalundenn weber vaadikkunnu. vilyam petti, montesqui, henry thomas buckle, joonn keats thudangiya palarum protestantisavum vaanijyavaadathinte vikaasavum thammilulla aduppam rekhappeduthiyittundu.
saambathika nettatthinaayi samarppichirikkunna laukika pravartthanangale pinthunaykkukayum avaa dhaarmikavum aathmeeyavumaaya praadhaanyamullavayaayi kaanukayum cheythathayi protestantisathinte chila shaakhakal weber kaanikkunnu. eee amgeekaaram oru lakshyamaayirunnilla; marichu laukika sambathu pinthudarunnathil aasoothranam, kadinaadhvaanam, svayam nirasikkal ennivaye prothsaahippicha mattu vishwaasa sidhaanthangalude upolppannamaayirunnu avaa.
protestant thozhil dhaarmmikathayude uthbhavam.
madhyakaalakhattathil thanne mathethara dainamdina thozhilaallikalodulla kurachu bahumanam addeham amgeekarichuvenkilum protestant dhaarmmikathayude uthbhavam parishkaranatthil ninnaan weber kandethiyathu. sabhayude koodaashakal sweekarikkukayum purohita adhikaarathinu keezhadangukayum cheytha vyakthikalkk roman catholica sabha raksha urappu nalki. ennirunnaalum, parishkaranangal atharam urappukal phalapradamaayi neekkam cheythu. manashaasthraparamaaya kazhchappadil, sharashari vyakthikk eee puthiya lokaveekshanavumaayi poruthappedaan budhimuttundaayirunnu, martin lutherineppolulla protestantisathillethinu ettavum bhaktharaya vishwaasikalkko "matha prathibhakalkko" maathrame eee krameekaranam nadatthaan kazhinjulloo ennu weber parayunnu.
mathaparamaya adhikaarikalil ninnu atharam urappukalude abhaavathil, protestantukal thangal rakshappettuvennathinte mattu "adayaalangal" tirayan thudangiyennu weber vaadichu. kaalvinum anuyaayikalum eratta munkoor theerumaanatthinte oru sidhaantham padippichu, athil thudakkam muthal daivam chilare rakshaykkum mattullavare shikshaykkum thiranjedutthu. swantham rakshaye swaadheenikkaanulla kazhivillaayma kaalvinte anuyaayikalkk valare budhimuttulla oru prashnam avatharippichu, vebarinte kazhchappadil, oraale rakshaykkaayi thiranjedutthuvennu vishwasikkunnathum athinekkurichulla eathu samshayavum illaathaakkunnathum oru samboornna kadamayayi avar kanakkakki aathmavishwaasakkuravu aparyapthamaaya vishwaasathinte thelivum shikshayude adayaalavumaayirunnu. athinaal, daivakripayekkurichulla purohitharude urappinu pakaram aathmavishwaasam vannu.
laukika vijayam aaa aathmavishwaasathinte oru alavukol aayi maari. europinte uyarnnuvarunna vibhajanangale luther neratthe amgeekarichu. daivathil ninnulla oru "thozhil" purohithanmaarilo sabhayilo maathramaayi parimithappedutthaathe, eathenkilum thozhilo vyaapaarathilo baadhakamaayirunnuvennu weber lutherinte nigamanangalude prayogakshamatha thirichariyunnu. bureaucratic bharanakoodathodulla adimathathinte peril lutheranisathe webber ellaayppozhum veruthu. protestant dhaarmikatha" yill addeham athine charcha cheythappol, sanyaasiyude bhavavumaayi moorchayulla vyathyasamulla "unio mistikka" yude pradhana udaaharanamaayi addeham lutheranisathe upayogichu. pinneedu addeham bureaucratic svechaadhipathyathinte pratheekathmaka vakthavaaya lutherine erosinodulla sanyasa shathruthayumaayi bandhappedutthi-bureaucratic, sanyasi jeevita reethikale orumichu bandhippikkunnathinum nigoodavum kuleenavumaaya kaazhchappaadukalil ninnu athirkkunnathinumulla vebarinte edaykkideyulla pravanathayude oru udaaharanam."
ennirunnaalum, aathmaavil divyaathmaavine sweekarikkunnathumaayi valareyadhikam bandhappettirunna lutheranisathilalla, marichu kristhumathatthinte kaalvinist roopangalilaayirunnu protestant dhaarmmikathayude poorttheekaranam weber kandathu. peettisatthil eee pravanatha kooduthal munnott pooyi. snaapanavaadikal kaalvinistukalumaayi bandhapetta ahvaanam enna ashayam durbalapedutthi, ennaal mattu vashangal muthalaalithatthinte vikasanathinaayi athinte sabhakale phalabhooyishtamaakkiyirunnu-athaayath, thalarnnupoya sanyaasathinte abhavam, samsthaana padavi sweekarikkaanum athuvazhi raashtreeyamaayi vikasikkaanum visammathikkal, karsanamaaya sathyasandhathaykk kaaranamaaya manassaakshiyude niyanthrana sidhaantham.
weber lalithamaayi vaadichathu
eee ashayakkuzhappam pariharicha reethi, eee panatthinte nikshepamaayirunnu, ithu puthiyathayi valarnnuvarunna muthalaalithathinu angeyattam uthejanam nalki.
vebarinte kaalathe protestant thozhil dhaarmikatha.
weber thante lekhanam ezhuthumbozhekkum, protestant dhaarmmikathayude mathaparamaya adithara pradhaanamaayum samoohathil ninnu pooyittundennu addeham vishwasichu. mithavyayathinum kadinaadhvaanathinum mithavyayathinum oonnal nalkia benchamin franklinte rachanakal addeham udharichu, ennaal avaa kooduthalum athmeeya ulladakkathil ninnu mukthamaayirunnu. vanthothilulla uthppaadanathinte vijayathin bhaagikamaayi kaaranam protestant daarmmikathayaanennum weber paranju. vilakoodiya aadambarangal avaganikkapettathinushesham maathrame vyavasayavalkkaranam vaagdaanam cheiyunna vasthrangalum furnitureukalum polulla unifom uthppannangal vyakthikalkk sweekarikkaan kazhiyoo.
pusthakatthinte samaapanathil, muthalaalithatthinte aathmaavin mathaparamaya adithara nashtappedunnathu yaanthrika vyavasaayathodulla orutharam swamedhayaa ulla adimathathilekku nayichuvennu weber vilapichu.
purittan mathaparamaya ashayangal europileyum americayileyum saambathika samvidaanangalude vikasanathe ganyamaayi baadhichuvenkilum mattu gadakangalum ithil ulppettittundennu weber paranju. ganithavum nireekshanavum thammilulla adutha bandham, scholarshippinte mechappetta moolyam, sarkkar bharanathinte yukthisahamaya vyavasthaapithamaakkal, samrambhakathva samrambhangalude vardhanavu enniva avayil ulppedunnu. oduvil, vebarinte abhipraayathil, paashchaathya samskaarathinte savisheshamaaya savisheshathayaayi kaanaan kazhiyunna maanthrikathayil ninnulla verpiriyalinte oru bhagam protestant dhaarmikathayekkurichulla patanam anweshichu.
nigamanangal.
thante sahapravartakanum professional daivashaasthranjanumaaya ernst troltsh "kristhyan pallikaludeyum vibhaagangaludeyum saamoohika padippikkalukal" enna vishayathil pravartthikkaan thudangiyathinaal protestantisathuklatheku gaveshanam upekshichathayi avasana endnottukalil weber parayunnu. vebarinte theerumaanathinu mattoru kaaranam, troeltshinte pravartthanangal aaa mekhalayil addeham aagrahichathu ithinakam nediyedutthittundu ennathaanu, ithu mathatheyum samoohatheyum kurichulla thaarathamya vishakalanathin adithara paakunnu. weber thante gaveshanathiloode protestantisathinum neengiyengilum pilkkala kruthikalil (joothamathathekkurichum aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu aandu
yukthisahamaakkal enna ashayavumaayi bandhapetta vebarinte aadya pusthakam koodiyaanithu. aadhunika muthalaalithathekkurichu addehathinte ashayam, sambathinte mathaparamaya anweshanathil ninnu valarunnathinartham nilanilppinte yukthisahamaya maarggamaaya sambathilekkulla mattamaayirunnu. athaayath, oru ghattathil muthalaalithatthinte "aathmaavine" ariyikkunna kaalvinist yukthi athinu pinnile adisthaana matha prasthaanatthe aashrayikkaathathaayi maari, yukthisahamaya muthalaalitham maathram avasheshichu. saaraamshathil, vebarinte "muthalaalithatthinte manobhaavam" phalapradavum kooduthal vishalavumaaya yukthivalkkaranathinte aathmaavaanu.
sweekaranam.
kaal marxineyum addehathinte sidhaanthangaleyum weber vimarshichathilum eee lekhanathe vyaakhyaanikkaam. maarksinte charitraparamaaya bhauthikavaadam matham ulppede ellah manushya sthaapanangalum saambathika aditharakale adisthaanamaakkiyullavannaya abhipraayappettappol, oru matha prasthaanam muthalaalithathe valarthiyeduthuvennu soochippichukondu "protestant dhaarmikatha" eee sidhaanthathe thalayil thirikkunnathayi palarum kandu, marichu matonnalla.
mattu pandithanmaar vebarinte vaadathekkurichu kooduthal sookshumamaaya veekshanam sweekarichittundu. eee lekhanathinte samaapanathil weber parayunnu "theerchayaayum, samskaarathinteyum charithrathinteyum ekapaksheeyamaaya bhouthikavaadathinum thulyamaaya ekapaksheeyamaaya athmeeya kaaranaparamaaya vyaakhyaanathinum pakaramavukayalla ente lakshyam. oronnum thulyamaayi saadhyamaan, ennaal oronnum thayyaareduppaayi pravartthikkunnillengil, pakshe oru anweshanathinte samaapanamenna nilayil, charitraparamaaya sathyathinte thaalpparyathil thulyamaayi kurache nedaanaakoo."marks vivaricha charitraparamaaya bhauthikavaada uthbhavangale ozhivaakkaatha muthalaalithatthinte saamskaarika uthbhavathekkurichulla dhaarana aazhathilaakkaanulla sramamaayi vebarinte vaadam manassilakkaam aadhunika muthalaalitham 'bhauthika', 'aadarsha' gadakangalude thiranjedukkappetta aduppathil ninnaan uyarnnuvannathu.
ulladakka pattika.
1958 leeii scribnerude pathippil ninnulla ulladakka pattika, talcott paarsans cherttha vibhaga sheershakangal
vimarsanam.
reethishaasthram.
protestant dhaarmikatha muthalaalithathilekku nayichuvenna vebarinte kaaryakaaranaparamaaya avakaashavaadam endogenity prashnangaludeyum cases selection prashnangaludeyum peril vimarshikkappettittundu. muthalaalithathilekku nayikkunna protestantisathekkal, muthalaalithathilekku kooduthal irayaakunna vyakthikalum samoohangalum protestantism sweekarikkaanulla saadhyatha kooduthalaayirikkaam.
saambathika vimarsanam.
saambathika shaasthranjanum charitrakaaranumaaya henrique grossman vebarinte vishakalanathe rund vashangalil vimarshikkunnu, onnamathaayi maarksinte vipulamaaya pravartthanangale paraamarshichu, daaridryathinum naadodi bandhatthinum ethire sweekaricha karsanamaaya niyama nadapadikal pothusamoohatthinte avaranangal polulla gadakangal moolamundaakunna vanthothilulla janasamkhyaa mattangalodulla prathikaranamaanennu kaanikkunnu. randaamathaayi, thangalude bhoomi maattivachavarkkethiraaya eee "raktharookshithamaaya niyamanirmmanam" europiludaneelam, prathyekichu fraansil engane praabalyatthil vannuvennu grossmante swantham kruthiyil kaanikkunnu. eee niyamanirmmanam, alasathayum avar sthaapicha daridra veedukalum niyamavirudhamaakkunnathu aalukale adimathathil ninnu vethana-thozhilaallikalaayi nirbandhitharaakki. addehathe sambandhichidatholam, eee pothuvaaya vastutha protestantisavumaayi bandhappettirunnilla, athinaal muthalaalitham pradhaanamaayum vannath protestantisathinte aantharika-laukikathayekkurichulla oru thozhil parisheelanathiloodeyalla, marichu balaprayogathiloodeyaanu. ennirunnaalum, protestant "varkk ethics" oru valia saamskaarika pashchaathalatthil eee niyamaparamaaya nadapadikal shakthippeduthukayo niyamavidheyamaakkukayo cheythekkaam.
2015 leeii oru padanatthil, david kaantoni jarmman nagarangalekkurichulla vebarinte protestant sidhaantham pareekshichu, saambathika valarchayil protestantisathinte phalangalonnum kandethiyilla. 
sameepakaalathe mattu scholarshippukal charitraparavum samakalikavumaaya vikasana reethikalil saadhuvaaya protestant dhaarmika phalangal kandethunnathu thudarunnu.
dudley blum ezhuthunnu
daaron asemoglu, jaims eiii. robinson avarude "enthukondu rajyangal paraajayappedunnu" enna pusthakatthil saambathika purogathiyum protestantisavum thammilulla bandhathe nirasikkunnu
punaravalokana vimarsanam.
hector mentteyth robartsan thante 'saambathika vyakthivaadathinte vashangal' (1933) enna pusthakatthil vebarinte charitraparavum mathaparavumaya avakaashavaadangalkkethire vaadichu. brittanilalla, pathinalam noottaandil italiyilaayirunnu muthalaalitham thazhachuvalaraan thudangiyathennum athinaal muthalaalithatthinte uyarchaykku kaaranam aadam smith, protestant parishkaranangal muthalaayava ennu parayaanaavillennumaan robartsan choondikkaanichathu. robartsan kooduthal munnott pookukayum brittanil sambhavichathu noottaandukalkku munbu italiyil nediyathil ninnulla oru pinvaangalaanennu prasthavikkukayum cheiyunnu.
aadam smith david recardo saambathika shaasthram "dii novo" kandethiyillennu robartsan kaanikkunnu. vaasthavathil, panditharude swaadheenathil franch, itaaliyan catholicaraanu udara saambathika sidhaantham vikasippichath. salamanga school ithinakam thanne thettaanenn theliyicha moolyathinte thozhil sidhaanthathe pinthunaykkunnathinaal britiish saambathika chintha oru padi pinnottaayirunnu.
mattu vimarsanangal.
protestantism athath saamoohika samvidaanangalude muthalaalitha vikasanathe "protestant dhaarmikatha" yiloodeyalla, marichu saksharatha prothsaahippikkunnathile kriyaathmakamaayi swaadheenichathennu aduthide abhipraayappettittund. mathamekhalakalile saaksharathayude nilavaaram vyathyasthamaanenkil weber udharicha saambathika vidavukal vendathra vishadeekarikkaan kazhiyumennu myoonichu sarvakalaashaalayile sasha becker ludger woseman kaanichu. vittanbargil ninnulla dooram oru maathrkayaayi upayogichu protestantisathinte concentric defusion modalinu keezhilum phalangal pinthunaykkappettu.
vamseeya manangal avaganichathinu vebarinte nigamanavum vimarshikkappettittundu. weber mathathil shradha kendreekarichu, pakshe germmaniyil oru valia poolish nyoonapakshamund enna vastutha avaganichu (polandinte vibhajanam kaaranam); dhruvangal praadhamikamaayi catholicar jarmmankaarum protestantukalumaayinu. athinaal, jarmmankaarum dhruvangalum thammilulla varumanam, sambaadyam, saksharatha ennivayude vividha thalangalil prathyakshappedunna "poolish virudha vivechanam" yadhaarthathil weber nireekshichu ennu pandithanmaar abhipraayappettittund.
aadhunika charitrakaaranmaaril ettavum mahanaaya oralaayi kanakkaakkappedunna prashastha franch charitrakaaranaaya fernand browdal, vebarinte sidhaanthathe shakthamayi vimarsikkukayum athinte aditharayudeyum sathyasandhathayudeyum abhavam choondikkaatti ingane prasthavikkukayum cheythu
pinthuna.
1958-ll american saamoohyashaasthranjanaaya gerhard lensky michile detroyittil "raashtreeyam, saambathikashaasthram, kudumbajeevitam ennivayil mathatthinte swaadheenam" ennivayekkurichu oru anubhavaparamaya anweshanam nadatthi., pradesham. mattu ulkkazhchakalkkoppam, oru vashath catholicar maruvashathu (velutha) protestantukalum juthanmaarum thammil saambathikashaasthrathilum shaasthrathilum kaaryamaaya vyathyaasangalundenn athu velippeduthi. lenskyude daatta vebarinte "protestant daarmikathayum muthalaalithatthinte athmaavum" enna kruthiyude adisthaana sidhaanthangale pinthunachu. lenskyude abhipraayathil, "bhauthika purogathikku protestantisatthinte sambhavana pradhaanamaayum chila vyathirikthamaya protestant swabhaavasavisheshathakalude aasoothrithamallaatha upolppannangalaan. vebarinte sidhaanthathinte kendrabinduvaayirunnu ithu."vebarinu nooriladhikam varshangalkk munbu, methadist sabhayude sthaapakariloraalaaya joonn wesley," "utsaahavum mithavyayavum" "methadistukale sambannaraakkunnuvennu nireekshichirunnathaayi lensky abhiprayappettu". "aadyakaalakhattathil, wesley weber soochippichathupole, protestant sanyaasavum joliyodulla samarppanavum saambathika purogathikku sambhavana cheiyunna pradhana pravartthana reethikalaanennu thonnunnu. raashtrangalude saambathika valarchaykkum vikasanathinum valare pradhanappetta mooladhana shekharanathinu iva randum soukaryamorukki."
jarmman daivashaasthranjanaaya friedrich wilhem graph ingane parayunnu "peettar ell. yeppolulla mathatthinte saamoohikashaasthranjar. berger david martinum laattin amerikkayile protestant viplavathe vebarinte prabandhatthinte adisthaana gadakangalude parokshamaaya pinthunayaayi vyaakhyaanichu. [...] enthaayaalum, avideyulla pala bhaktarum roman catholica sabhayil ninnu protestant penthakosth sabhakalilekkulla avarude parivartthanatthe sakthamaaya aantharika sanaathanthrathiloode deerghakaala saambathika nettangal vaagdaanam cheiyunna oru dhaarmika aashayathinte adisthaanathil vyaakhyaanikkunnu. penthakosth sabhakalil vijayakaramaayi sthaapanavalkkarikkappetta karsanamaaya sanyasa svayam achadakkam, kooduthal parishramatthode pravarthikkaanulla sannadhatha, kurachu shaanthamaaya manobhaavangal sweekarikkuka enniva pala penthakosth kristhyaanikaleyum daivathilulla avarude puthiya vishwaasathe pinthunaykkunnuvennu vishwasikkaan nayikkunnu."
2019ll prasidheekaricha oru jenal lekhanathil, mathapandithanaya benchamin kirbi peettar ell. yeei vimarshikkunnu. lokamembaadumulla navaa-penthakosth pallikalude vardhichuvarunna swaadheenathe avaganichukondu vishudhiye adisthaanamaakkiyulla penthakosth pallikalude swaadheenathinu amita oonnal nalkunnathinu bergerinte vishakalanam. samakaalika navaa-pentecostalukalum vebarinte sanyasi protestantumaarum thammil samanathakal varaykkaan prayaasamaanennu kirbi vaadikkunnu, prathyekichum muun koottam pariseelakar, avaril palarum samriddhiyude daivashaasthrangale pinthunaykkunnu, palappozhum vebarinte kaalvinistik purittanmaareppole "shaanthamaaya saambathika sadgunathodum" "yukthisahamaya boorshwa saambathika jeevithathodum" athe prathibaddhatha prakadippikkunnilla. ennirunnaalum, kristhumathavum muthalaalithavum thammilulla shaashvathamaaya aduppam manasilaakkunnathin vebarinte vaachakam pradhaanamaanennu kirbi oonnipparayunnu. samakaalika penthakosthalisavum navalibaral muthalaalithavum thammilulla oru "puthiya elective aduppam" kirbi sthaapikkunnu, navaa-penthakosth pallikal navalibaral saambathika prakriyakal ulcherkkunnathinulla vaahanangalaayi pravartthikkumennu soochippikkunnu, udaaharanathinu, samrambhakathvavum utharavaadithamullathumaaya pouranmaaraakaan parisheelakare prothsaahippikkunnathi.