chaals josia galpin

oru american academic vidagthanaayirunnu chaals josia galpin (march 16,1864-juun 1,1947). grameena janasamkhya, grameena jeevithanilavaram, grameena saamoohika samghadana, saamoohika gadanakal ennivayude vishakalanathil gaveshanam munnott kondupokunnathinu peruketta galpin grameena saamoohikashaasthrathinte oru pathapradarshakanaayirunnu. galpin oru grameena saamoohikashaasthranjanum professor ezhuthukaaranum paasttarumaayirunnu, grameena janathayude vakthaavumaayirunnu. oru kaarshika samoohathinte saamoohika shareeraghadana" (1915); "grameena jeevitam" (1918); "grameena saamoohikashaasthrathilekkalu ente neekkam" (1938); "grameena saamoohika prasnangal" (1924) ennivayulppede 245 prasidheekaranangalilaayi 112 kruthikal addeham oru bhashayilum 2,667 library holdingukalilum prasidheekarichu. addehathinte aadyakaala currier kaarshika janasamkhyayudeyum grameena jeevithathinteyum vibhajanathinte thalavan enna nilayil addehathinte swaadheenamulla sambhaavanakalkk vediyorukki, beuro oof agrikalcharal economics, yunaittad stetts kaarshika vakupp. addehathinte sambhaavanakalude vyaapthi grameena saamoohikashaasthrathinpu paristhithiyilum pothujanaarogyathilum sambhavanakal ulppeduthunnu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
newyorkkile hamiltonil oru karshakarude pingami oru karshaka manthriyude makanumaayi janicha addehathinte grameena amerikkayile verukal aarambhichath pathinaram noottaandil englandil ninnu connectikkattile phaam thaazhvarayilekku kudiyeriya galpin kudumbathodeyaanu. gaalpinte thaddesheeya grameena chuttupaadum mathaparamaya valarchayum addehathinte bhaaviyile professional paathayude avibhaajya gadakamaayirunnu. 1862-leeii colgate yooniversitti classil ninnu (pithaavinte koleju klaas) addehathinu scholarship labhichu, athu colgate academyilum colgate sarvakalaashaalayilum cheraan addehathe anuvadichu. eee scholarshippinte nalla melnottakkaaranaakaan theerumaanicha addeham colgate academyil ninnu klaasikkukalilum ganithathilum prathyeka bahumathikalode valedictorianaayi birudam nedi. jeevithakalam muzhuvan padichirunna galpin niravadhi vishayangalil ninnulla arivu pinthudarunnathu thudarnnu. galpin harwardil thathwachintha vibhaagathil thante vidyaabhyaasam thudarnnu. heckelinte "srishtiye" kurichulla vimarsanaathmaka vishakalanamaayirunnu addehathinte prabandham. dhaarmikavum saamoohikavum shaasthreeyavumaaya kazhchappadil ninnu addehathinte kaazhchappaad moorcha koottiyathinaal harwardile professormaariloode galpin valareyadhikam swaadheenikkappettu. kuttikalekkurichum manushyavikasanathekkurichum thante arivu vardhippikkunnathinaayi, galpin clark sarvakalaashaalayiloode manahshaasthrathilum naravamshashaasthrathilum kozhsukal poortthiyaakki.
currier.
union academyude headmaster enna nilayil, galpin newyorkkile phaam kammyoonittiyile bellevilleyil svayam muzhuki, community nayathil thante swaadheenam "njaan bharicha school kaarshika samoohathinte yadhaartha naadi kendramaayirunnu" ennu thiricharinju. krishiyude shaasthreeya swabhaavathekkurichum karshakareyum krishiyeyum shaasthreeya veekshanakonil ninnu kaanunnathinte praadhaanyathekkurichum arian addehathinte anweshana manobhaavavum prathiphalana swabhaavavum addehathe prerippichu. thudarnnu 1901ll yunaittad stetts haiskoolil union academyil aadyathe kaarshika vakupp sthaapikkaan galpin nirbandhithanaayi. eee kaarshika samoohathile innathe vidyaarthikalkkum bhaavi talamurakalkkum anivaryamaaya kaarshika shaasthrathinte adithara addeham thiricharinju.
addeham vidyaabhyaasathil ninnu kurachu samayam akale chelavazhikkukayum grameena jeevithathil muzhukukayum cheythu, aadima upakaranangal upayogichu krishi cheythu, oru paal plaantinte melnottam vahichu, grameena karshakarumaayi edapazhakukayum cheythu.
1905-ll, thante sahodarante bandhangaliloode, galpin visconsin sarvakalaashaalayile vidyaarthikalude oru yooniversitti paastaraayi maari. eee kaalayalavil galpin doow. echu.sii. tailor, visconsin sarvakalaashaalayile kaarshika saambathika shaasthranjan. galpin, tailor ennivar thammilulla grameena jeevithathekkurichulla chinthakalum ashayangalum kaimaattam gaalpinte kariyarile oru vazhithirivayi maari.
saamoohyashaasthrathil aupachaarika parisheelanamillathe galpin 1911 ll visconsin sarvakalaashaalayile kaarshika saambathikashaasthra vibhaagathil faakkaltti amgamaayi niyamikkapettu. doow. moulikathayude oru theeppori kaanikkukayum chinthikkaanulla shakthiyum kaaryangalude bandhangalum kaananulla shakthiyum pothuvaaya kaaryangalude praadhaanyavum prakadippikkukayum cheythathukondaanu galpin thiranjedutthathennu tailor abhiprayappettu. visconsin sarvakalaashaalayile ettu varshathe adhyaapanathiloodeyum gaveshanathiloodeyum sevanathiloodeyum galpin thante mekhalayile oru pioneeraayi prashamsikkapettu. bullattinukal, sarkkularukal, raajya jeevita sammelanangalkkayulla avatharanangal, "oru kaarshika samoohathinte saamoohika shareeraghadana", grameena jeevitam enniva ezhuthunnathinupurame. naadan jeevitam mechappeduthaanulla gaalpinte abhinivesham academica mathilukalkkappurathekk vyaapichu. pravartthikkaan addeham nirbandhithanaakukayum raajyajeevithathinte gunanilavaaram nirnnayikkunna community ejansikale engane mechappeduthaamennu samghadippikkaanum padikkaanum raajyathe janangale prachodippikkaan thante swaadheenam upayogikkukayum cheythu.
1919ll gaalpinte 14 varshathe sahapravarthakan echu.sii. washington dii. yile yunaittad stetts kaarshika vakuppinte oafees oof phaam maanejmentinte medhaaviyude niyamanam tailor sweekarichu.sii. 1919 meyy maasathil, galpin gaveshana vibhaagathin neethrthwam nalkaan shanikkappettu, oafees oof phaam maanejment, pinneedu ithu kaarshika janasamkhyayudeyum grameena jeevithathinteyum vibhajanam, beuro oof kaarshika saambathikashaasthram, yunaittad stetts kaarshika vakupp ennu vilikkapettu.
sambhavanakal.
grameena saamoohikashaasthram.
kaarshika janasamkhyayudeyum grameena jeevithathinteyum vibhajanathinte thalavan enna nilayil galpin amerikkayile grameena jeevithathekkurichu oru vijnjaana adithara kettippadukkanulla shramangalkk neethrthwam nalki. kaarshika janasamkhya, grameena samghadana, kaarshika kudumba jeevithanilavaram enningane moonnu gaveshana mekhalakal galpin vikasippichu.
kaarshika janasamkhya
kaundi thalatthil kaarshika janasamkhyayude moolyangal pradarshippikkaan sensus beuro bodhyappedutthaan galpin thante swaadheenam upayogichu. kaarshika janasamkhyayum grameena jeevithavum vibhajikkunnathil gaalpinte neethrthwathilulla grameena kudiyetta padanangal grameena kudiyettavum saamoohika saambathika gadakangalum thammilulla bandhatthinte sankeernathayekkurichu aazhathilulla dhaarana nalki. eee padanangalil vishakalanam cheytha chila gadakangalil iva ulppedunnu grameena prathyulpaadana anupatham, bhoomiyude gunanilavaaram, vidyaabhyaasa soukaryangal, grameena jeevita soochika, nagarangalilekkulla dooram.
grameena saamoohika samghadana
grameena saamoohikashaasthrathile saamoohika gaveshanathinte uthbhavam walworth kaundiyile kaarshika samoohathekkurichulla gaalpinte samagramaya vishakalanathil ninnu kandethaamenn porter aandu howell (2004) abhipraayappedunnu. thante vishakalanathil, aashayavinimayangalude oru paatten srishtikkukayum paripalikkukayum staanderd cheyyukayum cheiyunna oru samghaditha idam galpin thiricharinju. athe community soochakangal ippozhum sangalppikkappedunnathil gaalpinte yadhaartha bhoopadangal innum prasakthamaanu. gaalpinte aadyakaala pravartthanangal jio-soshyal gaveshanathil upayogapradamaayi thudarunnu. prathyekichum school mekhalakal vishakalanam cheyyaan upayogikkunna pooyint aandu grid mapp galpin, vidyaarthikalude veettuvalappinu chuttumulla oru "convex hull" thirichariyunnu. perumatta prathibhaasangalekkurichu bhoomishaasthraparamaaya vivara shaasthra padanangalil "convex hull" saankethikavidya upayogikkunnu.
kaarshika kudumba jeevithanilavaram
kaarshika janasamkhyayudeyum grameena jeevithathinteyum vibhajanathinulla pradhana gaveshana mekhalakalilonnaaya kaarshika kudumba jeevita gaveshanathinu galpin munganana nalki. thante neethrthwathil galpin iii sthaapichu.ell. karshaka kudumbangalude jeevita saahacharyangalekkurichulla gaveshanathinu neethrthwam nalkunnathinaayi karshaka janasamkhyayudeyum grameena jeevanakkaarudeyum vibhajanathinu kirkpatrick. 1920-leeii karshikavilayile thakarchayum kaarshika jeevita saahacharyangalum krishiyum thammilulla bandhatthilulla thaalpparyavum eee gaveshanathinte oonnal nalki.
manushya paristhithi.
amerikkayile aadyakaala manushya paristhithiyil galpin nalkia sambhavanakal athra parichithamalla. ennirunnaalum, oru grameena samoohathil ninnu mattonnilekkulla athirthi vyathyasam nirvachikkunnathil paristhithishaasthrathinth galpin nalkia sambhaavanakale mourar (1938) vivarikkunnu. pinneedu, gaalpinte pravarthanangalil swaadheenam cheluthiya saamoohikashaasthra vibhagamaaya chikkago sarvakalashaala, chikkagoyile niyukta rashtreeya athirthikalkkullil 75 vyathyastha mekhalakal kandethi. paarkkukal, jalapathakal, vyaavasaayika swathukkal, saamoohika gadakangalile ozhinjukidakkunna swathukkal ennivayude eee thirichariyal vazhi sradhikkappettu.
pothujanaarogyam.
galpin grameena american janathayude abhibhashakanum kurishuyudhakkaaranumaayinu. walworth kaundiyile addehathinte aadyakaala pravartthanangalum pinneedu pravarthicha "grameena jeevitam", "grameena saamoohika prasnangal" enniva aarogyathinte saamoohika nirnnayaka gadakangale abhisambodhana cheiyunnu (ezz. dii. oo. echu), avaa aalukal janikkunna, jeevikkunna, padikkunna, jolie cheiyunna, praayam ennivayaayi nirvachikkappedunnu, ithu aarogyatheyum jeevithathinte gunanilavaaratheyum apakadasaadhyathakaleyum badhikkunnu. graameenathvathinte pashchaathalatthil saambathika sthiratha, vidyaabhyaasa labhyathayum gunanilavaaravum, aarogya parirakshaa labhyatha, ayalpakkavum saamoohika samoohavum ulppede sadohinte anchu mekhalakalekkurichu addeham charcha cheiyunnu.
bahumathikalum paarambaryavum.
thante professional jeevithathiludaneelam, galpin thante samoohatheyum raajyatheyum anthaaraashtra thalatthilum sradheyamaaya niyamanangalumayi sevichu. 1932ll "american kantri life association" yude oonarari presidentaayi sevanamanushticha galpin american soshyolajikkal sosaittiyude vais presidentaayi sevanamanushtichu. internaashanal instittyoott oof agrikalcharinte" (roome & brassels) pothusabhayilekku american aikyanaadukalude prathinidhiyayi addeham niyamithanaayi.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
23-aamm vayassil galpin newyorkkile hamiltonil ninnulla miss zoo vikwayarine vivaham kazhichu. grameena saamoohikashaasthrathilekkalu ente vyathiyaanam" (1938) enna thante kruthiyil addeham thante bharyayekkurichu abhiprayappettu, "aval njangalude veedu nirmmikkukayum 50 varshamaayi enne prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu".
galpin addehathinte sahapravarthakar bahumaanichirunnu. henry sii. kaarshika saambathika shaasthranjan tailor abhiprayappettu, "amerikkayile mattethoru vyakthiyeyum apekshichu ningalude swaadheenam kaaranam kaarshika saambathikashaasthram oru kaarshika saambathikashaasthramaayi maathram avasaanichu...jeevithanilavaarathilum jeevithanilavaarathilum manassinteyum karshakarude hridayangaludeyum saamskaarika vikasanangalilum prapanchatthil vyaapichukidakkunna mahanaaya vyakthithvathinte uddeshyangalkku anusrithamaayi thaalpparyatthinte kendram kandethiyittundu."
thiranjeduttha kruthikal.
"oru kaarshika samoohathinte saamoohika shareeraghadana" (1915) gaalpinte classic kruthiyum ettavum sradheyavumaanu. visconsinile walworth kaundiyekkurichu padikkunnathinulla addehathinte vishakalanam, saankethikavidyakal, kaazhchappaadukal enniva saamoohyashaasthra pandithanmaare swaadheenikkunnathu thudarunnu.
gaalpinte aadya pusthakamaaya "grameena jeevitam" (1918) karshaka samoohangalekkurichulla vishakalanavum aavarthikkunna saamoohika saambathika yoonittinte kandethalum nalkunnu.
grameena saamoohika prasnangal" (1924) enna vishayam krishiyudeyum deshajeevithathinteyum prashnangale chuttipattiyulla maanushika gadakamaanu. karshakarude jeevithanilavaarathinte nirvachanam, alavukal, vidavukal pariharikkal enniva oru multidisciplinary sameepanathiloode pariganikkunnu. koodaathe, gaalpinte pusthakam grameena saahacharyangaleyum patana reethikaleyum kurichulla arivu nalkunnu.
gaalpinte ormmakkurippaaya "mye driftt inn tuu rural soshyolaji" (1938) addehathinte professional pathayeyum rural soshyolaji gaveshanatheyum prathifalippikkunnu.
"american rural sosaittiyude shaasthrathinteyum thathwashaasthrathinteyum vikasanam" (1938), gaalpinu grameena saamoohyashaasthrathile bhaavi pandithochithamaaya sramangalkkaayi oru kaazhchappaad nalkaan avasaram nalkunnu. vyathyastha saamoohikavum saambathikavumaaya paraspara bandhangalulla grameena samooham manushyaprakrithikkullil maanasika saamoohika nirmmithikalude oru pravarthanamaanu. grameena samoohathe poornnamaayum thathwachinthaaparamaayi kaanaan kazhiyilla; galpin soochippikkunnathu grameena samskaarathe oru naravamshashaasthra sameepanathiloode kooduthal anweshikkendathundenna.
udharanikal.
"prateeksha 'vitaamin illa' aanu. 1 'sevanathil. sevikkunna purushanteyo sthreeyudeyo hridayathil pratheekshayillathe, manthristhaanam rahasyamaayi manthriyaayi paraajayappedunnu "

