
govarnor kodathi

pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil nyoo southu weils kolaniyil sthaapithamaaya oru kodathiyaanu gavarnarmaarude kodathi. 1901ll kolaniye australian samsthaanamaayi maattukayum kolaniyile tarkka thuka 50 poundil koodaattha sivil tharkkangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan kodathikku adhikaraparidhi undaayirikkukayum cheythu. 1823ll moonnaamathe charter oof justice vazhi supreme kodathi roopeekarikkappettappol nyoo southu veyilsile supreme kodathi kodathikku pakaram vannu.
pashchaathalam.
pinneedu kudiyettam prolsaahippikkuka enna uddeshyathode britiish sarkkar nyoo southu weils koolani praadhamikamaayi oru shiksha kolaniyaayi sthaapichu. kolaniyude aadya govarnoraayi kyapttan arther philipp niyamikkappedukayum kolaniye athijeevikkaan valareyadhikam karyangal cheyyukayum aadhunika colonial autposttaayi maattukayum cheythu. 
oru shiksha kolaniyaayi thudakkam kurichenkilum, taamasiyaathe athu valarnnuvarunna oru kaarshika, vaanijya kolaniyaayi abhivridhippettu. vardhichuvarunna samriddhiyode sivil neethiyude roopangalilekku mechappetta praveshanam aavashyamaayi vannu. britiish adhishtitha niyamavyavasthakalile, prathyekichu niyamavaazhcha sthaapikkunnathinoppam, vaanijya tharkkangal pariharikkunnathinulla samvidaanangal pothu niyama paarambaryatthinte oru pradhana bhagamaanu.
koolani aadyamaayi sthaapithamaakumbol oru sivil neethinyaaya samvidaanam sthaapikkendathinte aavasyakatha britiish adhikaarikal munkootty manassilakki. grettu brittanile hye admiralttiyil ninnulla lettezhs pettant anusarichu aadyathe charter oof justice vais admiraltti kodathiyum chernnaanu "sivil adhikaraparidhi kodathi" ennu visheshippicha oru kodathi sthaapichathu. eee yadhaartha sivil kodathikalude samayam edukkunna cheria kadam avakaashavaadangal nirnnayikkaan nyoo southu veyilsile govarnor samayabandhithamayi majistrettukale (akkaalathe kolaniyile samadhaanathinte jadjimaarude pothunamam) adhikaarappeduthum. 1789ll koolani aarambhich oru varshathinusesham majistrettukal yadhaarthathil cheria kadam sambandhicha kleyimukal kaikaaryam cheythirunnuvennu hilari golder gaveshanathilekku viral choondunnu.
kolanikkaayi deputy jadji abhibhashakanaayi niyamithanaaya aadyathe baaristaraaya ellis bent, oru shiksha kolaniyil ninnu oru vyapara kolaniyilekku maarunna samoohathinte swabhaavam prathifalippikkunnathina puthiya sivil kodathikal sthaapikkunnathinaayi govarnor lachlan mcwarick shupaarshakal nalki. niyamaparamaaya yogyathayulla oru sainika udyogasthanekkaal niyamaparamaayi yogyathayulla oru jadji kolaniyile oru unnatha kodathiye nayikkenda samayamaanithenna nyoo southu veyilsile pothujana vikaarathe ithu prathiphalippichu. makwari ithine pinthunaykkukayum oduvil britiish adhikaarikal sivil kodathikalude parishkaranatthinaayi puthiya charterukal purappeduvikkaan krameekarikkukayum cheythu.
bharanaghadana.
britiish adhikaarikal kolaniyil moonnu puthiya sivil kodathikal avatharippichu. nyoo southu veyilsile sivil avakaashavaadangalkkum vaan diamens bhoomiyile settilmentinum adikaaraparidhiyulla oru supreme kodathi (saadhaaranayaayi "supreme kodathi" ennu vilikkappedunnu) undaayirunnu. vaan demente bhoomiyile sivil avakaashavaadangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi oru lefttanant govarnorude kodathiyum sthaapichu.
nyoo southu veyilsine sambandhichidatholam, "gavarnarmaarude kodathi" enna peril oru kodathi sthaapikkappettu. akkaalat englandinte paramaadhikaariyaayirunna jorjju moonnaaman rajaavu 1814 februvari 4 nuu purappeduvicha aksharangalude pettantiloodeyaanu kodathi srishtichathu. kolaniyil saadhaaranayaayi "jadji-abhibhaashakan" ennariyappedunna deputy jadji-abhibhashakanum nyoo southu weils govarnor niyamicha mattu rund vyakthikalum ulppettathaayirunnu ithu. jadji-abhibhaashakanaayirunnu presiding officer. pakaramaayi, jadji-abhibhashakanum govarnor niyamikkunna rund vyakthikalil oralum maathram kodathi roopeekarikkaam.
bhoomi, veedukal, kadam, karar, athikrameekaranam, 50 poundu vare moolyamulla mattethenkilum pothu niyamamo nyayamaaya kesukalo ennivayumaayi bandhapetta nadapadikal kelkkaanum nirnnayikkaanum kodathikku adhikaraparidhi undaayirunnu. 
oru gavarnarkk orupakshe kodathi "adukki vaykkaanulla" kazhivaayirunnu kodathiyile oru vaikalyam. kolaniyude avasaanathe jadji-abhibhashakanum adhyakshatha vahicha avasaanathe jadji-abhibhashakanumaaya sarr joonn wilde, britiish adhikaarikalkk nalkia reportil niyamaparamaaya arivillaatha saadhaaranakkaare kodathiyil niyamikkaan atharamoru saadhyathayundennu abhiprayappettu. jeey. govarnor thomas brisbane yadhaarthathil ithu cheyyaan sramichathaayi mccay abhipraayappedunnu. 
kodathi yogangal.
1815 meyy maasathilaanu kodathi aadyamaayi irunnathu. puthiya kodathiyil irikkaan richard brookkukaleyum chaals hookin manyaraaya vyakthikalayi makwari niyamichu. sahodaran jephari hart bentinte swaadheenathil aayathinal, abhibhaashakarude pattikayil ninnu pirichuvitta oru abhibhaashakaneyum kodathiyil practies cheyyaan anuvadikkaruthenna niyamam aruvikalum hook ekakandamaayi sweekarichu.
mochitharaaya kuttavaalikalude padaviyecholli valanjathum mcwire thammilulla abhipraayavyathyaasathilka ithu nayichu. kuttavalikalaayi kolaniyil ethaatha abhibhaashakar illaathirunnathinaal niyamam prathyekichum kadinamaayirunnu. oro kuttavaaliyudeyum abhibhaashakane joliyil ninnu pirichuvittathinaal, kodathiyil hajarakan oru abhibhashakanum undaayirunnilla.
bentinte maranashesham frederic garlinginoppam acting deputy jadji abhibhashakanaayi kodathi pinneedu irunnu. 1815ll britiish adhikaarikal bentinte pingamiyaayi sarr joonn wildine niyamikkukayum 1823ll athu nirthalaakkunnathuvare kodathiyil adhyakshatha vahikkukayum cheythu.
1817 muthal varshathil randuthavana kodathi sydnic purathu irikkukayum cheythu. nyoo southu weils stettu archives rekhakal kaanikkunnath, kaaranangalude vichaaranaykkaayi kodathi kuranjathu parramatayilum windserilum irunnuvennaanu.
appeel.
kodathiyude theerumaanangalil appeel nalkaan avakashamilla. ithu sivil judiciary supreme kodathiyile saahacharyathin virudhamaayirunnu, avide appeel kodathiyaayi irikkunna gavarnarkk appeel nalkaanulla avakashamundaayirunnu, koodaathe privy kaunsilinte judicial kammittiyil appeel nalkaanulla avakasham undaayirunnu. appeel avakaashathinte abhavam britiish adhikaarikal kodathiye kooduthal samkshipthamaaya reethiyil neethi nalkunna abhyarthanakalude kodathiyaayi uddeshichuvenna vastutha prathiphalippichu. kodathikku munbaake ulppettirikkunna thukakal saadhaaranayaayi valare cheruthayathinaal, oru appeelinte chelavu eathu saahacharyathilum veendeduthathinekkaal kooduthalaayirikkum.
kodathi niyamangal.
govarnor kodathiyude niyamangalum utharavukalum roopappeduthiyathu kodathi roopeekarikkunna samayat deputy jadji-abhibhaashakanaayirunna ellis bentaanu. abhibhaashakarude practies cheyyaanulla avakasham, rittukal engane purappeduvichu, thirike nalki, kodathi rekhakal sookshikkuka, vidhikal nadappaakkuka, vaada nadapadikramangal ennivayumaayi bandhapetta vyavasthakal niyamangalil ulppedunnu. aaa niyamangalude yadhaartha pakarpp nyoo southu veyilsinte stettu libraryude kaivashamund, pinneedu bentinte pingamiyaaya wilde vyaakhyaanangal nalki.
nirmmarjanam.
ekadesham ettu varshatholam neenduninna kodathi 1823ll nirthalaakkappettu. 1823 october 13-leeii lettezhs pettant sthaapicha puthuthayi srishticha nyoo southu weils supreme kodathi ithinu pakaram vannu. aaa kathukalkku britiish paarlament nyoo southu weils act 1823 (yuke) paasaakkiyathiloode amgeekaaram nalki.

