
berlin potts damer banhoff

germmaniyile berlinile oru muun railway terminasaanu potts damer banhoff. 1838ll thuranna berlinile aadyathe railway steshanaayirunnu ithu. brandenberg gettinu thekk ekadesham 1 kilometer akaleyulla potts damer plaatsil sthithicheyyukayum tyregarten paarkkinte thekkukizhakkan moolayilulla shaanthamaaya villakalude pradeshathu ninnu potts damer plaatsine tirakkeriya kendrabinduvaayi parivartthanam cheyyaan aarambikkukayum cheythu. oru noottaandilereyaayi deerghadoora, suburban trainukalude terminalaayirunnu ithu. berlin yuu-baann, ezz-baann ennividangalile bhoogarbha steshanukalum innathe puthiya bhoogarbha "regional banhoff", banhoff potts damer plaits ennariyappedunnu, athesamayam hraswakaala emm-baann muun terminasinte saitt kadakkunnu.
aadyakaalangal.
nagaratthile aadyathe reyilveyude berlin terminasaaya potts daamarumaayi bandhippikkunna potts damer banhoff aayirunnu. 1835ll aarambhicha ithu 1838 septambar 22nuu potsdam attathu ninnu sehlendorff vare thurakkukayum october 29nuu 26 kilometer neelatthil thurakkukayum cheythu. 1835-ll roobert steefansan thante nyookaastal-oonn-taine varkkukalil nirmmichathum "adler" (eegil) ennu vilikkappettathumaya britiish nirmmitha locomotive aanu aadyathe train valicheduthathu. 1848-ll bhaaviyile jarmman samsthaanathudaneelam vyaapichukidakkunna paathakalumayi bandhippikkunnathinaayi eee lineukal padinjaaru magdeburgilekku vyapippichu. berlin terminasinu chuttumulla pradesham muzhuvan athinte udghaadanathinu sesham nagaravalarchayude pradhana kendramaayi maari. anchu pradhana theruvukal oduvil ivide othuchernnu, avayil mikathum tyregarten paarkkiloodeyum sameepathulla vayalukaliloodeyum verum parukkan paathakalayi aarambhichu.
oru puthiya terminal.
aadyathe potts damer banhoff 1869 vare neenduninnu, vardhichuvarunna gathaagathathinu marupadiyaayi juuliyas ludwig kwasowski (1824-1909) anchu plaattfomukalulla oru valia ghadana, 173 meter neelavum 36 meter veethiyumulla oru train shhed melkoora, naalu klaas ticket udamakalkku prathyeka kaathiripp murikalum soukaryangalumulla oru booking haal, royaltti sandarshikkaan padinjaaru bhaagath oru prathyeka praveshana, sweekarana pradesham enniva athine marikadannu. 1872 august 30 nuu aarambhicha ithu oduvil koloon, paarees, frankfurt/maine, strasburg, ikes enn provence ennividangalilekkum purathekkumulla train sarveesukal kaikaaryam cheythu. 1890 aayappozhekkum prathivarsham 3 dashalakshathiladhikam aalukal ithu upayogichu, roadile oru valia athiraalikkethire (unhaulter banhoff) ithu svanthamaayi pidichirunnu.
ringbanhoff vancy banhoff.
appozhum soukaryangalkku athu thangaan kazhinjilla, athinaal aii. dii. 1-ll hraswadura, suburban gathaagathathinaayi athinte iruvashathum rund adhika terminikal nirmmichu kizhakk bhaagath, ringbane sevikkunnathinaayi 1891 epril 1 nuu "ringbanhoff" thurannu, 1877 november 15 muthal ellah pradhana terminikalumaayum bandhippichukondu nagaratthinte paridhiyil ninnu vrithaakrithiyilulla root athinte neelatthiludaneelam thurakkunnu; padinjaaru bhaagathulla vancy banhoff 1891 october 1 nuu vansiyilekkum thekk padinjaaran praanthapradeshangalilekkum trainukalkkaayi thurannu. eee rund steshanukalum kooduthal thekk sthithicheyyunnu, vadakkulla entrikal "bernberger strash" line vadakku bhagathaanu.
1901ll, unhaulter baann muthal litcherfeld-oostt vareyulla suburban laininaayi niravadhi puthiya steshanukalumaayi prathyeka trackukal nirmmichu. berlin sitti terminus unhaulter banhoffil ninnu potsdam ringban steshanilekku maatti. 1903 juulai 2 nuu thuranna moonnaamathe reyil upayogichu vaidyutheekaricha aadyathe berlin suburban lainayirunnu eee line. yadhaarthathil 550 vii. dii. sii upayogichaanu, 1929 eprilil berlin nagaram, ring, suburban lainukalude coor "grand vaidyutheekarana" thil ithu 800 vii aayi parivartthanam cheythath.
potts damer banhoff vancy steshanilum mainline terminasilum avasaanikkunna lineukal vaidyutheekarikkunnathinayi 1933 meyy 15 vare kaathirikkendivannu. ringbanhoff aathyanthikamayi mainline terminessinekkaal eratti yaathrakkaare kaikaaryam cheythu.
1930kalude parakke.
unhaulter banhofinekkaal cheruthaanenkilum, potts damer banhoff randinekkaalum thirakkeriyathaayirunnu. 1939 aayappozhekkum prathidinam 83,000 aalukal ithu upayogichirunnathinaal ithu berlinile ettavum tirakkeriya steshanaayi maari. ivayil bhooribhaagavum prathyekamaayi ringbahnoff upayogichirunnathinaal, muzhuvan terminus short toll sevanangal maathram kaikaaryam cheiyunna oru suburban allengil commuter steshan maathramaanenna dhaarana nalki, ennittum pareesilekkum mattu franch lakshyasthaanangalilekkum ulppedeyulla pradhana line sevanangal theerchayaayum ippozhum pravarthikkunnundaayinu. kazhinja varsham, terminus potsdamil ninnulla line athinte nooram vaarshikathilethiyirunnu, aakhoshangalil 100 varsham munbu aadyathe train valichedutha "adler" locomotteevinte pravarthanaparamaaya oru pakarpp ulppeduthiyirunnu (yadhaartha loco 1857 ll augsburgil thakartthirunnu). 1935ll kaisarslaattarnile dii. aarr. jii. restoration varkshoppinte paniyaayirunnu eee pakarpp. 1939ll padinjaaru bhaagathulla vancy banhoff adachu, thaazhe vivarichirikkunna puthiya ezz-baann north-southu link athine marikadannu.
randaam lokamahaayudhavum athinte anantharafalangalum.
potts damer banhoffinte vidhi nirnnayichathu randaam lokamahaayudhamaanu, ennirunnaalum yuddham nadannillaayirunnenkil valia mattangal sambhavikkumaayirunnu. adolph hitlarude (1889-1945) mahathaaya padhathi prakaram, berlin "welthoupstaad" (loka thalasthaanam) jermaniayakki mattunnathinulla, albert speer (1905-81) yaadhaarthyamaakkunna kettidam oru railway terminasaayi avasaanikkumaayirunnu. padhathiyude linchpin aaya puthiya vadakku-thekk achuthandu athinte sameepa trackukal vichedikkukayum terminus athinte thettaaya vashath kudungikkidakkukayum cheiyumaayirunnu. berlinil athunna ellah trainukalum madhyabhaagathu yathaakramam vadakkum thekkum ringbaanil sthithi cheiyunna rund vishalamaaya puthiya steshanukalilethenkilum oodumaayirunnu, avaa vivaahathilum sudcruzilum sthithicheyyunna "nordbahnoff" (north steshan), "sudbahnoff" (southu steshan) ennariyappedum. potts damer banhoffinte uddeshicha upayogam rekhappeduthiyittil. enthaayaalum karyangal valare vyathyasthamaaya oru paathayilekku neengi.
randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu berlinte mikka bhaagangaleyum pole terminus royal airforce us airforce bombukalum soviyatt peeranki shellukalum kondu nasippikkappettu. chila avashishtangal neekkam cheyyukayum adiyanthara attakuttappanikal nadathukayum cheythittum, railway adisthaana soukaryangalkku kedupaadukal sambhavichathu valare valuthaayirunnu, mainline terminasil mattoru train polum kandilla, athu oduvil 1944 august 3 nuu ringbanhoff adachu.
yuddham avasaanichathinu thottupinnaale ringbahnofinu orutharam elavu labhichu, 1945 august 6 nuu wansiban trainukalude terminalayi thaalkkaalikamaayi veendum thurannu, athesamayam yuu-baann, ezz-baann ennivaykku vipulamaaya attakuttappanikal labhichu, aayirakkanakkin tonn vellam puranthallunnathil ninnu thudangi. juun 2 nuu yuu-baann, vadakku-thekk thurankathil chila vighadippicha train pravartthanangal punaraarambhichathinetthudar 1946 juulai 27 nuu ringbanhoff nallathin adachu. 1951ll sevanangal kooduthal vipuleekarichu.
potts damer banhofinu yudhaananthara berlinil oru savisheshamaaya sthaanamundaayirunnu. lover friedrichsworstad ennu vilikkappedunna potsdammer banhoff 1920 ll puthiya cruisberg baroyude bhaagamaayi maari. 1938 ll baroo athirthikal maariyathinusesham, teargarten, cruisberg barokal potsdammer banhoffinte iruvashathum kidannu, ennaal mitt baroyude athirthi potsdammer banhoffinte sthalathinu chuttum scurt cheythu, athinaal mittinullil oru neelamulla nerttha deerghachathuram roopappettu, ithu mittinte backie bhaagangalil ninnu landwer kanalilekku thekk bhaagathekku neelunnu. athinte falamaayi potts damer banhoff kizhakkan germmaniyude yadhaartha thalasthaanamaaya berlin soviyatt sektarilaayirunnu, athesamayam kizhakkulla sameepa track ayalpakkavum american sectoraaya berlinilum padinjaaru britiish sectorilum aayirunnu.
eest berlinullile oru terminus enna nilayil, ennaal vestt berliniloode varunna sameepa trackukal, stettinar banhofinepole, dushe reachsban steshanilekku niravadhi sevanangal punasthaapikkaan prathyekichum utsukaraayirunnilla.
1953ll kizhakkan germmaniyil nadanna kalaapathe thudarnnu mattoru thadassamundaayi, prakshobhadivasamaaya juun 17num juulai 9num idayil trainukal oodiyittilla. punarudhaaranatthinulla avyakthamaaya sramam nirthalaakkiyathinethudnar 1957 num 1960 num idayil terminasinte avashishtangal ghattam ghattamayi neekkam cheythu. dressedner, hamberger banhoff (randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu pravarthikkaathava) ennivaykku purame berlinte mattu reyil terminikalkkellaam samanamaaya vidhi nerittu, ithu pathittaandukalaayi vighadichathum asoukaryakaryavumaayi thudarunna oru shringhala avasheshikkukayum, berlin vibhajanavum 1961 ll berlin mathil nirmmikkunnathum (chuvade kaanuka) vashalaakkukayum cheythu.
berlin mathilinte nirmmaanam kooduthal swaadheenam chelutthi. ippol shoonyamaaya steshante sthalathinu upayogikkaatha <aii. dii. 1> pradeshathinu chuttum rando athiladhikamo kilometer mathil aavashyamaayirunnu. 1971 desember 21 vare audyogikamaayum niyamaparamaayum soviyatt mekhalayude bhaagamaayi thudarnnuvenkilum, vishalamaaya bhoomi kaimaattatthinte bhaagamaayi kizhakkan germmanic eee kashanathinu 31 dasalaksham dollar nalkunnathuvare, kizhakkan jarmman bharanakoodam potts damer banhoffinte sthalam mathilinu purathu vidaan theerumaanichu. ithinu vipareethamaayi, berlin nord-sudd thurankathiloodeyulla ezz-baann paatha veendum thurannathinaal, mukalil vivarichathupole, anhaulter banhoffin potts damer plaits ezz-baann steshanum edayilulla berlin mathilinadiyil kadannu, vadakku-thekk lainile kizhakkan berlinile mattu steshanukaleppole (friedrichstrass ozhike) potts damer plaits ezz-baann steshan adachu. ippol vestt berlinil maathram upayogikkunnathinaayi upayogichirunna trainukal unhaulter banhofinu idayil friedrichstrass vazhi nirthaathe sanjarichu, thudarnnu humboldtheynilekku. potts damer plaits ezz-baann steshan 1992 march 1 vare adachu.
berlin mathil nirmmikkukayum potts damer plaits ezz-baann steshan adachupoottukayum cheythathode potts damer banhoff enna sthalathinte padinjaaru bhagam druthagathiyilulla gathagatha shringalakalil ninnu valare akaleyayi. vestt berlin kizhakk ninnu saitt vaangunnath aaa prashnam pariharikkanulla avasaram thurakkukayum trainukal, orutharam, steshan saittilekk madangukayum cheythu, teargarten kwaarttarinte oru bhagam muthal, hraswakaala emm-baann aakruthiyil, saitt kadannu. ennirunnaalum, mathil veenathode emm-baante uddeshyam aprathyakshamaakukayum athu vegathil polichuneekkukayum neekkam cheyyukayum cheythu, kaaranam glaisdrakele trackbed yuu 2 bhoogarbha laininte attangal veendum ekeekarikkunnathinulla thadassamaayirunnu, ithu veendum instaal cheythathinushesham emm-baann phalapradamaayi maatti.
innu potts damer banhoff saitt.
innu potts damer plaatsinu chuttum niravadhi puthiya sambhavavikasangal kaanaan kazhiyum. chila prarambha reservation undaayirunnittum, puthiya paadam oru vaanijya vijayamayi maari, berlinilekkulla bhooribhaagam sandarshakarum theerchayaayum kaanendathaanu. orikkal potts damer banhoff nilakondirunna sthalathu 450 meter neelatthil landwerkanal vare vyaapichukidakkunna austriyan nadi thilla duriouxinte (1880-1971) perilulla oru neenda bhooprakrithiyulla bhoopradesamaanu.
uparithalathil prathyakshappettenkilum, deerghadoora trainukal saittilekk madangi, kaaranam
berlin vadakku-thekk mainline potts damer banhoffinte saittin keezhilaanu, potts damer plaits steshan potts damer banhoffinte chila saittukalkk thazheyaayi vyaapichukidakkunnu.
2005 october ratri neurembergile db myoosiyathil (jarmman stettu railway museum) undaaya oru valia theepidutthatthil 1938-leeii potts damer banhoffinte shatabdi aakhoshangalil ulppeduthiya "adler" replica ulppede 25 locomotteevukal nashichu. 2010-leeii 175-aamm vaarshika aakhoshangalkkaayi dushe baann mattoru pravarthanaparamaaya replicaic samayabandhithamayi oordar nalki, germmaniyude aadya neuremberg-farth railway laininaayi.

