
ellah demokaludeyum maathaav

"ellah demokaludeyum maathaav" ennathu oru landmark computer demonstationil munkaala praabalyathode prayogikkunna oru peraanu, ithu association phoor computing meshinari/instittyoott oof electrical aandu electronics enchineeyarmaar (acm/iee)-saan fraansiskoyil nadanna computer sosaittiyude phaal joyint computer konfaransil dougless engelbart 1968 desember 9 nuu nalki.
oonlain sisttam allengil kooduthal saadhaaranayaayi, enls ennu vilikkunna oru samboornna computer hardware, software sisttam avatharippikkunnathine thalsamaya pradarshanatthil avatharippichu. 90 minitt dairkhyamulla avatharanam aadyamaayi aadhunika pezhsanal computinginte niravadhi adisthaana gadakangal pradharshippichu windos, hypertext, graphics, kaaryakshamamaya navigation command inputum, viidiyoo conferencing, computer mouse, vaid prosessing, dynamic phayal linking, revision kantrol, oru sahakarana thalsamaya edittar. eee gadakangalellaam orotta samvidaanathil parasyamaayi pradharshippicha aadya vyakthiyaan engelbartinte avatharanam. eee prakadanam valare swaadheenamullathum 1970 kalude thudakkathil syrox parkkil samanamaaya padhathikalkku kaaranamayathum aayirunnu. adisthaana ashayangalum saankethikavidyakalum 1980kalilum 1990kalilum apple macintoshineyum microsopht windos graaphikkal user interface operating sistangaleyum swaadheenichu.
pashchaathalam.
randaam lokamahaayudhathinteyum aadyakaala sheethayudhathinteyum "gaveshana samskaarathil" ninnaan addehathinte vardhana gaveshanakendrathinteyum (arck) oonlain samvidaanathinteyum vikasanathilekku nayicha engelbartinte chinthakalude bhooribhaagavum uruthirinjathu. 1946ll philippeensil us nevi radar technicianaayi jolie cheythirunnappol engelbart vaayicha "atlaantik" maasikayil vannevar bush ezhuthiya "nammal chinthikkunnathupole" enna lekhanam engelbartinu prachodanatthinte oru sradheyamaaya uravidamaayirunnu. engelbartinte kazhchappadil, yudhathil ninnu uruthirinja shaasthreeya vijnjaanathinte sariyaaya upayogathilekku samoohathe nayikkunnathinu, aaa arivu mikacha reethiyil niyanthrikkukayum niyanthrikkukayum cheyyendathundu.
kaundar kalchar tuu saibar kalchar" enna thante pusthakatthil, yudhaananthara lokath saankethikavidyayude aasoothrithamallaatha prathyaaghaathangal kandathil ninnu uyarnnuvanna eee kaazhchappaadin fred turner shabdam nalkki
[american sainyam lokathe nasippikkaan kazhiyunna saankethikavidyakal vikasippicheduthirunnu. athinte pashchaathalatthil, shaasthranjarum saankethika vidagtharum lokamembaadum vyaapippikkaan thudangi, palappozhum moonnaam loka raajyangalude sheethayudha vishwasthatha nedaanulla shramathil, rogathe unmoolanam cheyyaanum bhakshya uthppaadanam vardhippikkaanum avarude arivu upayogikkaan shramichu. eee sramangalekkurichu engelbart vaayikkukayum avaa palappozhum thirichadiyundaakunnathu kaanukayum cheythu. druthagathiyilulla bhakshya uthppaadanam manninte kshayam vardhippichu; praanikalude unmoolanam paaristhithika asanthulithaavasthayilekku nayichu.
ithu aathyanthikamayi kanakkukoottalukal nadathunnathinappuram manushyamanassinte kazhivukal vardhippikkaan computerukal upayogikkaamenna aashayathilekku nayichu.
prakadanam.
1960 kalude thudakkathil stanford sarvakalaashaalayile stanford research instittyoottil (ezz. aarr. aii) sthithicheyyunna thante ogmenteshan research sentaril (arck) computer enchineeyarmaarudeyum prograamarmaarudeyum oru teamine enchelbart koottichertthirunnu. computingine nambar crunchingle ninnu mochippikkuka, athu ashayavinimayathinum vivarangal veendedukkunnathinumalla oru upakaranamaayi maaruka ennivayaayirunnu addehathinte ashayam. oru vyakthi edapedunna oru yanthrathin avarude buddhi vardhippikkaan kazhiyunna oru memex mesheenekkurichulla vannevar bushinte ashayam yaadhaarthyamaakkaan addeham aagrahichu.
aarr varshathinide, naasayudeyum arppayudeyum dhanasahaayathode, atharamoru computer samvidaanathe yaadhaarthyamaakkunna ellah gadakangalum addehathinte team orumichu chertthu. aarppayude director roobert taylorude nirddeshaprakaaram, saan fraansiskoyude sivik audittoriyathil 1968 leeii phaal joyint computer konfaransil enls aadyamaayi parasyamaayi prathyakshappedum.
manushyante buddhi vardhippikkunnathinulla oru gaveshana kendram" enna thalakkettil konfarans session avatharippichu. avatharanathinu saakshyam vahikkaan ekadesham 1,000 computer professionalukal audittoriyathil sannihitharaayirunnu. prekshakaril sradheyamaayavaril alan keeii, chaals irbi, andy vaan daam, bob sproll ennivar ulppedunnu.
enn. ell. ell. esinte pravartthanangal enn. ell. esinte saankethika gadakangal bill engleesh samvidaanam cheythukondu enn. ell. ell. esinte pravartthanangal enn. ell. ell. esinte pravartthanangal pradarshippichukondu enn. ell. ell. esinte bhoomishaasthraparamaaya vitharana samghathinte (bill paaksttan ulppede) sahaayathode enn. enls computeril ninnulla viidiyoo outtputtu oru valia hye screenil pradarshippikkaan anuvadikkunna oru idophore viidiyoo projector avatharanam upayogichu, angane prekshakarkku enchelbart enthaanu cheiyunnathennu kaanaan kazhiyum.
sivik audittoriyathile computer varkksteshan keyboardil ninnum mousil ninnum avarude menlo paarkk aasthaanathe ezz. dii. ezz-940 computerilekku daatta kaimarunnathinaayi paattatthinu nalkia line vazhi bandhippichukondu 1968-ll 1200 bowd-hye-speedil rund ishtaanusrithamaakkiya veettupakaranangalum gaveshakar srishtichu.
labin konfarans haalinum idayil thalsamaya dvimukha viidiyoo nalkunnathinu rund microwave linkukal upayogichu. valia screenil pradarshippikkunnathu niyanthrikkunna oru viidiyoo switcherinum engleesh command cheythu. menlo paarkkile camera oopparettar stuvartt braandaayirunnu-akkaalat, oru computer ithara vyakthi, "hole erthu kaattalog" edittar ennariyappettirunnu-demo engane avatharippikkaamenn enchelbartinum teamin upadesham nalki.
90 minitt dairkhyamulla avatharanathil, engelbart thante mouse prototype upayogichu screenin chuttum neengaanum tekst hailait cheyyaanum vindokalude valuppam mattaanum upayogichu. screenil vaachakam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinulla oru samyojitha samvidaanam aadyamaayittaanu parasyamaayi avatharippikkunnath.
vyathyastha samayangalil, addehathinte koottaalikal jeff rulifson bill paakstanum screeninte mattoru bhaagath prathyakshappettu, ithu arkkil ninnu vidooramaayi vaachakam edittu cheyyaan sahayikkunnu. editting nadathumbol avarkk parasparam screen kaananum samsarikkaanum parasparam kaananum kazhiyumaayirunnu. adivarayitta vaachakathil klikkucheyyunnathu hypertext enna ashayam prakadippikkunna vivarangalude mattoru pejilekku link cheiyumennu addeham theliyichu.
addeham prakadanam poortthiyaakkiyappol prekshakar addehathe nilkkunna kayyadi nalki. eee samvidaanam kooduthal pradarshippikkunnathinaayin, pankedukkunnavarkku enls varkksteshanukal sookshumamaayi parisodhikkaanum engelbart chodyangal chodikkaanum oru prathyeka murii maatti. avasaanathe oru ashayam engelbartinte enls samvidaanathekkurichaanu. fred tainer thante pusthakatthil "kaundar kalcharil ninnu saibar kalcharilekku" prasthaavichathupole
engelbart 'bootstrapping' enna oru thathwachintha prakhyaapichu, athil enls enna saamoohika-saankethika samvidaanathinte oro pareekshanathmaka parivartthanavum samvidaanathilekku thanne thirike nalkukayum athu vikasikkukayum (orupakshe mechappeduthukayum cheyyum).
swaadheenam.
prakadanatthinu munbu, computer sayans samoohathinte oru pradhana bhagam enchalbartine "oru crackpot" ennu karuthi. poortthiyaayappol, "rund kaikalaalum minnal kaikaaryam cheiyunnu" ennu addehathe visheshippichu. vaan daam samanamaaya oru samvidaanathil pravarthikkukayaayirunnu, ennaal 1967 ll maathrame athil pravartthanam aarambhichirunnulloo, enls ethra pakwathayullathaanennu kandu addeham njettippoyi avatharanaananthara chodyothara sessionil addeham thante chodyavali upayogichu engelbartine praayogikamaayi ethirthu. engelbartine chodyam cheytha sesham, enls demo thaan kandittullathil vachu ettavum valia kaaryamaanennu vaan daam sammathichu. 1970kalil computer graphics padippikkunnathil vaan daam oru nethaavaayi maari. ennirunnaalum, computer shaasthrathil yadhaartha swaadheenam parimithamaayirunnu
1970kall thudangiyappol, enchalbaarttinte teaminte bhooribhaagavum arck vittu avarudethaaya vazhikaliloode pooyi, avaril palarum serox paalo alto research sentaril (paarkk) ethi. eee aalukalil bill engleesh undaayirunnu, avar eliye kooduthal mechappeduthum. paarkkilekk kudiyeriyathum nasayileyum aarppayileyum engelbartinte muun pinthunakkaaranaaya roobert taileraayirunnu. demoyil pankedutthirunna alan keeii, parkkil aayirikkumbol smoltock enna object ooriyantad computing envayonment roopakalppana cheiyumaayirunnu.
1973 aayappozhekkum, 1968 ll enchelbart pradharshippicha enls terminalinu samanamaaya poornnamaayum pravarthanakshamamaaya oru pezhsanal kambyoottaraayirunnu serox alto, pakshe valare cheruthum shaareerikamaayi parishkarichathumaayirunnu. mouse-drivend gwi upayogichu, alto 1980 kalil steevu jobsine aappilinte mackintosh computerineyum operating systetheyum swaadheenichu. oduvil, microsophttinte windos operating sisttam maakkintoshine pinthudarukayum alto enls sisttavum pole oru multy-button mouse upayogikkukayum cheyyum.
konfaransil engelbartinte swaadheenam ettavum uyarnnu, 1970kalilum 1980kalilum appilum microsophtum prashasthamaayi sweekaricha mousinteyum hypertexinteyum kandupiduthakkaaranaayi addeham kooduthalum oormmikkappettu. 1998-ll demoyude 30-aamm vaarshikathil, stanford sarvakalashaala computingilum waled wide webilum engelbartinte darshanaparamaaya swaadheenam aaghoshikkunnathinaayi oru pradhana sammelanam nadatthi. 40-aamm vaarshikam aaghoshikkumbozhekkum, computer charithratthile ettavum pradhanappetta onnaayi engelbartinte demo amgeekarikkappettu.
2015ll "demo" enna peril oru kalaa sangeetha avatharanam eee paripadi chithreekarichu. staanfordinte bing kacheri haalil athinte premiier nadathikkondu maikkal rausum benn neelum chernnaanu ithu rachikkukayum avatharippikkukayum cheythath.
vilipperude uthbhavam.
1994ll pathrapravartthakanaaya steevan levi ezhuthiya 'insanuli grettu dhii life aandu times oof mackintosh, dhii computer dattu chenchu end elthu' enna pusthakathilaanu engelbartinte prasamgathinu eee peru aadyamaayi upayogichathu. ellah demokaludeyum maathavaayirunnu avar."ellaavarudeyum maathaav" enna padaprayogangalude samakaalika upayogam eee padavali prathiphalippichu..."1991leeii gulf yudhathinu munnodiyaayi annathe iraakh president sadaam hussain" "ellah yudhangaludeyum maathaav" "ennu prasthaavichukondu currency nalki".

