
khandoba

pradhaanamaayum indiayile decan peedabhoomiyil, prathyekichu maharashtra samsthaanathu shivante aavirbhaavamaayi aaraadhikkappedunna oru hindu devanaan khandoba khandoba (aii. eiii. ezz. tii khandoba), marthend baravu marthanda bhairava, malhari malhari, allengil malhar malhar. mahaaraashtrayile ettavum janapriyamaaya kuladevatanaanu addeham. kshatriya maraathakal, kaarshika jaathikal, dhangarh samudaayam, braahmana (purohita) jaathikal thudangiya edayanmaarudeyum eee pradeshathe kunnukalilum vanangalilum vasikkunna niravadhi vettayaadal/shekharana gothrangaludeyum (badder, nayik) rakshaadhikaari koodiyaanu addeham. hindu, jaina paarambaryangalumaayi bandhamullah khandoba vibhaagathin musleengal ulppede jaathi pariganikkathe ellah samudaayangaleyum ulkkollaan kazhiyum. onpathaam noottaandilum patthaam noottaandilum oru naadodi devanil ninnu shivan, bhairavan, suuryan, karthikeyan (skandan) ennee gunangalulla oru samyojitha daivamaayi khandobayude swabhaavam vikasichu. onnukil oru lingathinte roopathilo allengil kaalayilo kuthirayilo sawari cheiyunna oru yodhaavinte chithratthilo addehathe chithreekarichirikkunnu. mahaaraashtrayile jejuri shethramaanu khandoba aaraadhanayude pradhana kendram. malhari mahaathmya" enna grandhatthil kaanapedunna khandobayude aithihyangal naadodi gaanangalilum vivarikkappedunnu, ithu bhoothangalkkum munny-mallaykkum melulla addehathinte vijayath vivaahangaleyum chuttippattiyaan.
padavyuthpathiyum mattu perukalum.
raakshasanmare kollan khandoba upayogikkunna aayudhamaaya "khadga" (vaal), "baa" (pithaav) ennee vaakkukalil ninnaan "khandoba" enna peru vannath. "khanderaaya" ennaal "khandoba rajaavu" ennaanu ardham. mattoru vakabhedam "khanderaavu" aanu, avide "raavu" (rajaavu) enna prathyayam upayogikkunnu.
samskritha grandhangalil, khandobaye marthaanda bhairava allengil suurya ennu vilikkunnu, ithu souradevanaaya marthandayudeyum shivante ugraroopamaaya bhairavayudeyum samyojanamaanu. mallari allengil malhari enna peru "mallah", "aarii" (shatru) enningane vibhajikkappettirikkunnu, athinaal "rakshasa mallayude shatru" ennaanu ardham. "mallayude dheerathayil santhushtanaaya marthanda bhairavan mallari (mallayude shatru) enna peru sweekarichu ennu "malhari mahaathmya" rekhappeduthunnu. malanna (mallanna), mylara (mylar) ennivayaanu mattu vakabhedangal.
thelankaanayile dharmapuri mallanayile muneeswaran, aandhraapradeshile mallikarjunaswamy, karnaadakayile mylara/mallaiah ennee perukalilaanu khandobaye chilappol thirichariyunnathu. khandu gavda, malsa-kaanth ("malsayude bharthaav"), jejurica vaani ennivayaanu mattu perukal.
iconography.
khandobayude oru janapriya oleograph praathinidhyatthil, malsa thante velutha kuthirayil khandobaykku munnil irikkunnu. oru naaya thudayil kadikkumbol kuthira thalayil adikkumbol malsa oru kunthamkondu oru raakshasante nenjil thulachukayarunnu. mattoru raakshasan kuthirayude niyanthranam pidichedukkukayum khandoba kuthiraye irakkukayum raakshasane vaal upayogichu akramikkukayum cheyyumbol oru club upayogichu khandobaye akramikkukayum cheiyunnu. mattu praathinidyangalil, kuthirayude kaalinadiyil bhoothangalude thalayo allengil kaandobayude kaalmuttukalkk keezhil avarude thalayodichu oru kuthirappurathu irikkunnathu kaanam.
moortthikalil (chinnangal), khandoba allengil mylaraykku naalu kaikalullathayi chithreekarichirikkunnu, oru damaru (drum), trisula (trisulam), bhandara-pathra (manjal podi niracha paathram), khadgam (vaal) enniva vahikkunnu. khandobayude chithrangal palappozhum oru maraatha sardar allengil oru musleem pathan aayi vasthram dharikkaarund. palappozhum, onno athiladhikamo naaykkalodoppam onno rando bharyamaarodoppam kuthirappurathu irikkunna oru yodhaavaayaanu khandobaye chithreekarichirikkunnathu. shivante pratheekamaaya aniconic lingamaayum addehathe aaradhikkunnu. palappozhum khandoba shethrangalil, khandobayude rund praathinidyangalum-aniconic lingavum anthropomorphic kuthirappura roopavum.
ithihaasangal.
devtayum rakshasanmaaraaya mallah maniyum thammilulla yudhathekkurichu khandobayile aithihyangal saadhaaranayaayi parayunnu. puraanatthinte adisthaana likhitha uravidam samskritha grandhamaaya brahmaandapuraanathile "kshetra-kaanda" adhyaayathil ninnullathaanennu avakaashappedunna "malhari mahaathmya" ("mallari mahaathmya") aanu, ennaal puraanatthinte saadhaarana pathippukalil ithu ulppeduthiyitla. aarr.sii. samskritha mahathmyam rachichathu AD-ll ekadesham, kooduthalum khandoba kudumbadevanaaya oru deshastha brahmananaanu ennu dhere sontaimarum soochippikkunnu. siddhapal kesasree (1585) enna kruthiyude oru pathipp maraathiyilum labhyamaan. gangaadharayude (1821) "jayadri mahaathmya", "marthanda vijaya" ennivayude pilkkala grandhangalum devanmaarude pakshikalaaya vaghyarude vaakkalulla kathakalum mattu srothassukalil ulppedunnu.
brahmaavil ninnu ajayyathayude varam nedukayum bhoomiyil araajakathvam srishtikkukayum rishimaare upadravikkukayum cheytha rakshasa mallah ilaya sahodaran maniah kurichu aitihyam parayunnu. indranum vishnuvum thangalude kazhivillaayma sammathichathinethudarnna ezhu munimar samrakshanathinaayi shivane sameepichappol, mahaathmya khandoba ennu vilikkunnathupole shivan "marthanda bhairavan" enna roopam (avatharam) sweekarichu, nandi kaalaye sawari cheyth daivangalude oru sainyathe nayichu. haridra ennum ariyappedunna manjalil pothinjathum, nettiyil chandran chandran ullathum, svarnnavum suryan pole thilangunnathumaanu marthanda bhairavan. rakshasasainyam devanmar vadikkukayum oduvil khandoba mallah maniah kollukayum cheythu. marikkumbol, munny thante velutha kuthiraye khandobaykku anuthaapathinte oru nadapadiyaayi samarppikkukayum oru varam aavasyappedukayum cheiyunnu. khandobayile ellah kshethrangalilum addeham sannihithanayirikkukayum manushyakulam mechappedukayum attin maamsam arppikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaanu varam. aaa anugraham nalkappedukayum angane addeham oru daivamaayi parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum cheythu. oru anugraham chodicho ennu devan chodichappol mallah lokathinteyum manushya maamsathinteyum naashatthinaayi aavashyappedunnu. raakshasinte abhyarthanayil prakopithanaaya khandoba avante shirachhedam cheyyukayum, bhaktharude paadangalaal chavittimethikkappetta kshetra padikalil thala veezhukayum cheiyunnu. bhoothangal kollapetta sthalamaaya preemburiyil rund lingangal engane prathyakshappettuvennu aitihyam vivarikkunnu.
khandobayude "samskrithavalkkarana" prakriya-oru naadodi devathayil ninnu classical hindu paanthiyoninte devanaaya shivanilekk uyarthal-vaakkalulla kathakal thudarunnu. khandobayude bharyamaaraaya malsa banaiyum shivante parambaraagatha hindu bharyayaaya parvathi, ganga ennee perukalilum ariyappedunnu. khandobayude mantriyum bhaaryaasahodaranumaaya hegadi pradhanan khandobaye bhoothangale kollan sahayikkunna vishwastha naayayaya lingawat vaani malsayude sahodaran munny, rakshasa sahodaranmaar nalkunna kutirayum yathaakramam vishnu, nandi, rakshasanmaaraaya madhu-kaitabha ennivarude avathaarangalayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. khandoba manimalla enna orotta raakshasane paraajayappedutthukayum chilappol munny ennu vilikkappedunna thante velutha kuthiraye daivathinu samarppikkukayum cheiyunnuvennu mattu puraana roopangal vivarikkunnu. mattu aithihyangal mhalsa (allengil parvathi), banaay allengil baanu (allengil ganga) enniva yudhathil khandobaye munny raktham shekharikkaan sahayikkunnathaayi chithreekarikkunnu, athinte oro thulliyum oru puthiya raakshasane srishtikkunnu. oduvil, khandobayile naaya muzhuvan rakthavum vizhungunnu. chilappol, mhalsa, allengil apoorvvamaayi banaay, kuthirappurathu khandobaykku pinnil irikkunnathum vaalum kunthavum upayogichu pooraadunnathaayum visheshippikkappedunnu.
thante jejuri kottayil ninnu bharikkukayum swarnam vitharanam cheiyunna rajasabha nadathukayum cheiyunna oru rajaavaayaanu khandobaye aithihyangal thithreekarikkunnathu. koodaathe, khandoba rajaavu vettayaadal paryaveshanangal nadathukayum athu palappozhum "laingika saahasikathakalayi" maarukayum thudarnnulla vivahangal nadathukayum cheiyunnu.
bharyamaar.
daivavum samoohangalum thammilulla saamskaarika bandhamaayi pravartthikkunna rund bhaaryamaaraan khandobaykku ullathu. addehathinu rund bhaaryamaarund, malsa (mahalsa), banaay (banayi) (baanu baanu, banubai) ennivayaanu ettavum pradhaanappettava. khandobayude aadya bhaarya malsa lingayat vyaapaari (vaani) samudaayathil ninnullayaalaan, addehathinte randaamathe bhaarya banaay oru dhangarh (idaya jaathi) aanu. khandobayumaayi malsa pathivayi aachaaraparamaaya vivaham nadathiyittundu. maruvashathu, banaay daivavumaayi bandhappedunnathiloode oru pranayavivaham nadathunnu. malsa asuya nalla paachakkaaranumaayi visheshippikkunnu; banaay kamasaktan dridanishchayamullavanumaanu, pakshe paachakam cheyyaan polum ariyilla. palappozhum naadodi ganangal avarude kalahangalekkurichu parayunnu. malsa "samskaarathe" prathinidheekarikkunnu, banaay "prakrithiye" prathinidheekarikkunnu. khandoba rajaavu avarkkidayil nilkkunnu.
malsa parvathiyude samyojitha avathaaramaanennu vishwasikkappedunnu. tirmarshet enna nevaseyile oru sambanna vyaapaariyude makalaayi malsa janichu. tirmarshet enna swapnathile khandobayude daivika aajnjaprakaaram, pousha pournimayil (hindu kalandar maasatthile poushatthile poornnachandran divasam) paali (pempar) enna sthalathaanu avar khandobaye vivaham kazhichathu. eee avasarathil rund shivalingangal prathyakshappettu. eee paripadi adayaalappeduthunna oru vaarshika utsavam paliyil ellah paush pournimakalilum aaghoshikkunnu.
gangadeviyude srashtaavum avatharavumaaya brahmaavinte makalaanu banaay ennu vishwasikkappedunnu. dhangarh idayanaanu banai kandethiyathu. banaay valarnnappol, jejuriyil avalkk avalude malsaram labhikkumenn pravachikkapettu. avidevechu aval khandoba devanumaayi pranayathilaayi. khandobayum avalumayi pranayathilaayi. bhaarya malsayodu oru chess (saripat) kalii manappoorvvam paraajayappeduthi khandoba 12 varshathekku svayam naadukadatthal sweekarichu. addeham oru idayante veshammari banaayiyude pithaavine sevikkaan thudangi. oru divasam, khandoba banaiyude pithaavinte ellah aadukaleyum aadukaleyum kollukayum banaiye vivaham kazhichaal avaye veendum jeevippikkumenn vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. vimukhanaaya banaay naldurgile veshammariya idayanaaya khandobaye vivaham kazhichu. jejuriyilekkulla madakkayaathrayil khandoba thante yadhaartha roopam banayiyodu velippeduthi.
jejuriyilethiyappol, khandobaye malsayude roshavum randaam vivaahathodulla avalude sakthamaaya prathishedhavum swaagatham cheythu. bhaaryamaarude kalahangal ozhivakkaan khandoba kunninte mukal pakuthi malsaykkum thaazhathe pakuthi banaikkum nalki. jejuriyile kunnin mukalilulla pradhana kshethrathil khandobaykkoppam malsayude vigraham sthaapichittundu. banaik oru prathyeka kshethram kunninte paathivazhiyil sthithicheyyunnu.
khandobayude moonnaamathe bharyayaaya rambhay shimpin oru swargeeya nymph allengil "devangana" ayirunna oru thayyal sthreeyaan, chilappol banaay ennu thirichariyappedunnu. aval chuvarchithrangalude oru maathrkayaanu-penkuttikal khandobaye "vivaham kazhichu". vettaykku sesham khandoba sandarshikkunna devathayaayi rambhai aaradhikkunnu. jejurikkaduthulla dhalewadiyil ninnu graamatthil ninnaan avar vannathennu parayappedunnu. naalaamathe bharyayaaya phulaay malin, thottakkaaran allengil maalii jaathiyil ninnulla avar oru prathyeka bhithichithramaayirunnu, athinaal avar khandobayude oru daivabhakthayaanu. davna maal" (khandobaykku priyappettathaanennu parayappedunna thekkan maratthinte vayal) ll addeham avale sandarshikkunnu. anchaamathe bhaarya, canday bhagavin, oru telin aanu, ooyilprassar jaathiyil pettayaalaan. avale musleengal oru musleemaayi amgeekarikkunnu. iva koodaathe, khandobaykku samarppikkunna penkuttikalude chuvarchithrangal daivathinte bhaaryamaraayo veppaattikalaayo kanakkaakkappedunnu.
mattu associationukalum thirichariyalukalum.
aandhraapradeshile mallana (mallikarjuna), karnaadakayile mylara enniva chilappol khandoba (mallari, malhari, mairala) ennaanu thirichariyappedunnathu. braahmanahathya (oru braahmanante kolapathakam) yumayi bandhappettirikkunna bhairavanumaayum khandoba bandhappettirikkunnu. bhairavanteyo veerabhadranteyo bhagika avathaaramalla, marichu shivante poornna avathaaramaan khandoba ennu bhakthar oonnipparayunnu. rakshasa raajaavinte kuthira, aayudangal, rajakeeya chihnam ennee savisheshathakal addeham sweekarikkunnu.
kalimannumaayum chithal kunnukalumaayum khandobayude bandhathe sonthaimar oonnipparayunnu. khandobayude "moortthikal" chithal kunnukaliloo "bhoomi kondu nirmmichatho" aayi kaanappedunnundennu vaakkalulla aithihyangal parayunnu. sonthaimar parayunnathanusarichu, sooryadevanaaya suryan chandranumaayi bandhapetta shivan chernnathaanu marthanda bhairavan (khandoba). sooryante oru peraanu marthaanda ("blazing oorbu"), athesamayam bhairavan shivante oru roopamaanu. njaayarazhchakalil, sooryanumaayi saamskaarikamaayi bandhappettirikkunna svarnnavum manjalum khandobayude aachaarangalude oru pradhana bhagamaanu. sooryane prathyulppaadanathinaayi chithal kunnukalaayum rogashanti enna nilayilulla addehathinte pankine vivahangalil prathyulppaadanakshamathayude daanyam enna nilayilulla khandobayude pankumaayum manjalinte rogashanti shakthikalumaayum sonthaimar bandhappeduthunnu.
mattoru sidhaantham karthikeyane (skanda) khandobayumaayi thirichariyunnu. sidhaanthathinte sidhaanthangal skanda khandobayum thammilulla samaanathakale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, athaayath parvathangalumaayum yudhavumaayumulla avayude bandham, avarude perukaludeyum aayudhangaludeyum saamyam (skandayude eettiyum khandobayude vaalum), iruvarkkum rund pradhana bhaaryamaarund. rund devathakaludeyum uthsavangalaaya chamba shashtee, khandobayudeyum skandathinteyum skanda shashtee enniva ore divasamaanu varunnath. khandobayumaayi bandhapetta mattu chinnangal naayay kuthirayumaanu.
aaradhana.
shivane maharashtrayiludaneelam addehathinte yadhaartha roopathil aaraadhikkunnundenkilum, chila maharashtrian samudaayangal addehathe addehathinte avathaarangalude roopathil aaradhikkaan eshtappedunnu, khandobayaanu ettavum janapriyamaayath. mahaaraashtrayile ettavum janapriyamaaya kuladevatanaanu addeham. decan peedabhoomiyile ettavum vyaapakamaayi aaraadhikkappedunna devanmaaril oralaaya khandobaye "sakama bhakthiyude" (aagraham nalkunna bhakti) pradhana daivamaayum prathijnjakalodu ("navaa") prathikarikkunna ettavum sakthamaaya devanmaaril oralaayum kanakkakkunnu. aaa samoohathile ellah vibhagangalil ninnumulla bahubhooripaksham marathi hindukkalum addehathe aaradhikkunnu. yodhaakkal, krishi, kannukaali valarthal, chila braahmana (purohita) jaathikal, kunnukalileyum vanangalileyum vettakkaarum shekharanakkaarum, vyapaarikal, rajaakkanmaar ennivarude rakshaadhikaariyaanu addeham. decanile khandoba aaradhanayil pradhaanamaayum karshaka vibhagangalaaya maraathakalum kunaabikalum, idaya dhangaarukalum, grama kaavalkkaarum kaavalkkaarum-oru "denotified gothram", muun "thottukoodaattha" mahaarukalum maamgukalum, mathsyathozhilaali-naadodi kolikalum, thottakkaar ("maalii"), thayyalkkaar ("shimpy") thudangiya "balutedar" jaathikalum ulppedunnu, ennirunnaalum athil kurachu braahmanarum chila musleengalum ulppedunnu. addehathinte vibhaagathil braahmana saannidhyam naamamaathramaanengilum, deshastha braahmanarum kokaanastha braahmanarum-nassic, satara bhashakalil-khandobaye aaradhikkunnu, chilar deshastha braahmanare anukarikkunnu. deshastha braahmanar, chandrasenia kaayastha prabhukkanmaar, athupole gaikwadukal, holkermar thudangiya raajakudumbangal khandobaye avarude kuladevathayaayi aaradhikkunnu. jainer lingaayathukalum addehathe aaradhikkunnu. thante anuyaayikalude oru "rajaavaayi" addehathe kanakkakkunnu.
aachaarangalum aradhana reethikalum.
kudumba chumathalakalkkanusarichu sariyaaya reethiyil thripthippeduthiyittille prasnangal srishtikkunna oru "kadak" (ugran) devathayaayaanu khandoba vishwasikkappedunnathu. manjal ("bhandar"), bell pazhangal, ulli, mattu pachakkarikal enniva upayogichaanu khandobaye aaraadhikkunnath. devanu "puran poolii"-ulliyum vazhuthanayum chernna "bharit rodaga" enna madhuramulla allengil lalithamaaya vibhavam arppikkunnu. addehathinte bhaktharil chilar addehathe oru mamsaahaariyaayi kanakkaakkunnundenkilum shethrangalil khandobaykku karsanamaaya sasyahaaramaaya "naivedya" (bhakshanam arppikkal) arppikkunnu. shethrathinullil maamsam nirodhichirikkunnathil shethrathinu purathaanu ithu cheiyunnathenkilum attin mamsavum deviykku arppikkunnu.
nalla vilaveduppu, aankunju, saambathika vijayam muthalaayavaykkulla anugrahathinu pakaramaayi daivathe sevikkunnathinulla prathinjayaaya "nawaz" aanu khandoba vibhaagathinte oru pradhana bhagam. nawaz" poortthiyaakumbol, kuttikalkk khandoba nalkappedukayo allengil chila bhaktharkk hook-swing allengil fayar-wacking vazhi vedana anubhavappedukayo cheyyum. nawaz" upayogikkunna itharathilulla aaradhanaye "sakama bhakti" ennu vilikkunnu-madangivaravu pratheekshayode cheiyunna aaradhana "thaazhnna bahumanamullathaayi" kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennaal ettavum vishwastharaaya bhakthar (bhakthar) avarude yajamanante sahavaasathil maathram athyagrahamullavaraayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, khandobaye "bhukkela" ennum vilikkunnu-marthaanda vijayathile atharam yadhaartha "bhakthar" kalkkayi vishakkunnu.
vaaghya" (allengil "vaaghya", aksharaarthatthil "kaduvakal") ennu vilikkunna aankuttikalum "muraayi" ennu vilikkunna penkuttikalum munbu khandobaykku samarppikkappettirunne ippol penkuttikale khandobayilekku vivaham kazhikkunna reethi niyamavirudhamaanu. vaghyakal khandobayile pakshikalayi pravartthikkukayum khandobayile naaykkalumaayi svayam thirichariyukayum cheyyumbol chuvarchithrangal addehathinte veshyakalaayi ("devaamganakal"-nymphukal allengil devadaasikal) pravartthikkunnu. vaghyanmaarum avarude vanita athiraalikalum khandobayude bahumaanaartham paadukayum nritham cheyyukayum cheiyunnu, koodaathe addehathinte kathakal "jaagaran"-raathrimuzhuvan nadakkunna gaana-uthsavangalil vivarikkunnu, avaa chilappol "nawaz" poorttheekaranatthinu sesham nadakkunnu. aaraadhanayile veeranmaarude (naayakanmar) aachaaraparamaaya aathmahathyayayirunnu mattoru aacharam. aithihyamanusarichu, thodappedaattha oru maang (mathanga) ennayaal jejuriyil ennekkum thamasikkaan khandobaye prerippikkunnathinayi jejuriyile kshethrathinte aditharaykkaayi svayam thyagam cheythu. khandobaykku oru vaaghya allengil "devarsi" (shaman) yude shareeram undenna vishwaasam aaraadhanayile mattu sanbradaayangalil ulppedunnu. aaraadhanayile mattoru aacharam oru prathinjayo vaarshika kudumba achaaramo niravettunnathile changala thakarkkunna pravrithiyaanu; pooraattatthil bhoothangal muricha shivante kazhuthil paambumaayi changala thirichariyunnu. khandobaye preethippeduthunnathinu kudumba chumathalakalumayi bandhapetta mattoru aacharam ellah pournnami divasangalilum nadathappedunna "thaali bharne" aanu. thenga, pazhangal, vettila, kunkumappoo, manjal (bhandar), bell elakal enniva kondu niraykkunnathaanu oru "thaali" (vibhavam). thudarnnu, vellam niracha oru paathratthil oru thenga vaykkukayum aaa paathram khandobayude aalroopamaayi aaraadhikkukayum cheiyunnu. thudarnnu, anchu perr "thaali" uyarthi, "elcott" allengil "khande rayaka elcott" ennu paranju moonnu thavana paathram aavarthikkuka. thudarnnu thaaliyile thenga potti panchasaarayo sharkarayo kalarthi suhruthukkalkkum bandhukkalkkum nalkunnu. thaali bharne" yodoppam oru "gondhal" nadathunnu. gondhali kalakaaranmaar devanmaare praarthikkunna oru aachaaraparamaaya naadodi kalayaanu gondhal.
prathyulppaadanasheshi nalkunnayalaayi khandoba kanakkaakkappedunnu. vivaahasesham mahaaraashtrayile hindu dambathikal khandoba kshethram sandarshichu khandobayude anugraham nedumennu prathekshikkunnu. parambaraagatha maharashtrian kudumbangalum vivaahachadanginte bhaagamaayi oru "jagaranam" samghadippikkukayum vivaahathin daivathe shanikkukayum cheiyunnu. kuthirappurathu (chilappol malsayodoppam) sawari cheiyunna khandobayude chembu prathimakale bhakthar divasena gruhakshethrathil aaradhikkunnu.
samskrithathile "malhari mahaathmya" khandobaykku dhoopam, vilakkukal, vettila, mrugangal enniva arppikkan nirddeshikkunnu. marathi pathippil maamsam arppikkunnathinekkurum "chedapaadadiyude" aaraadhanayekkurichum paraamarsikkunnu-"svayam murichumaattunnu", "hook-swing," veera "kall svayam-mortification enniva. marathi pathipp eee bhakti (bhakti) roopathe "ugra" (akramasakthavum paishachikavumaaya) "bhakti" ennu vilikkunnu. "mrgabaliyiloodeyum svayam peedanatthiloodeyum nadakkunna 'rakshasi bhakti' yekkurichu 'marthanda vijaya' vivarikkunnu. kaattinte roopathil khandobayude kaivashamullath thaazhnna paishachika aaraadhanayaanu ("pishaachi aaradhana"). vishudhamaaya aaraadhanayaaya saathvika aaradhana, oru braahmanante roopathil khandobaykku bhakshanam nalkunnathaayi vishwasikkappedunnu.
shethrangal.
dakkanile khandobaykku samarppichirikkunna 600-ladhikam shethrangalundu. vadakku nassic, maharashtra muthal thekk davangere, karnataka, padinjaaru konkan, maharashtra muthal kizhakk padinjaaran andhraapradesh vare addehathinte shethrangal vyaapichukidakkunnu. deviye unarnnirikkuka allengil "jaagritham" ennu vilikkenda khandoba allengil "jaagritham shethrangal" enna pathinonnu pradhana aradhana kendrangal amgeekarikkappettirikkunnu; avayil aarr maharashtrayilum bakkiyullava vadakkan karnadakayilumaanu. khaandobayile shethrangal kottakalodu saamyamullathaan, addehathinte raajyathinte thalasthaanam jejuri aayirunnu. ividuthe purohithanmaar brahmanaralla, gurukkalaan. addehathinte ettavum pradhanappetta shethrangal ivayaanu
uthsavangal.
hindu masamaaya maargashirshathile thilakkamulla randaazhchayile aadya divasam muthal aaram chaandradinam vare aarr divasathe utsavam, khandobayude bahumaanaartham, bhoothangal munny-mallayumaayulla pooraattatthinte smaranaykkaayi jejuriyil aaghoshikkunnu. aaram divasam (chamba-shashtee) khandobayaanu bhoothangale konnathennu vishwasikkappedunnu. chamba-shashtee dinathil pemperil oru "yaatra" (kshetra utsavavum melayum) nadakkunnu, eee utsavam amavaasya divasam vare thudarunnu. thinkalaazhcha varunna amavaasyayaaya somavati amaavasya enna mattoru utsavam jejuriyil aaghoshikkunnu. khandobayudeyum malsayudeyum prathimakalude oru "paalakhi" (pallakki) ghoshayaathra gadh-kottu kshethrathil ninnu karha nadiyilekku kondupookunnu, avide chithrangal aachaaraparamaayi kulikkunnu.
deshastha braahmanarum maraathakalum vaarshika chamba-shashtee utsavavum acharikkunnu. khandobayudeyum mallayudeyum chithrangal vrithiyaakkukayum aaraadhikkukayum cheiyunnu. aarr divasam upavaasam anushttikkunnu. ezhaam divasam, "chambasaashtliche paarne" ennariyappedunna oru virunniloode bhakthar avarude upavaasam avasaanippikkunnu. eee virunnilekkulla kshanam khandobayil ninnulla kshanamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, athu nirasikkaan prayaasamaan.
paali-pemperil, khandobayum malsa thammilulla vivaha chadangu varsham thorum nadathappedunnu. manjal devanmarkku samarppikkunnu. karnaadakayil khandoba ennariyappedunnathinaal mylarayude bahumaanaartham rund uthsavangal aaghoshikkunnu. devaraguddayile dasara utsavavum bellary jillayile mylarile maagha maasatthile (februvari-march) pathinonnu divasathe utsavavumaanu iva. rund uthsavangalilum mylar bhoothangalum thammilulla yudhathinte niyamangalund. chaithrapoornimayum (poornnachandran dinam) shubhamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. pothuve, sooryadevanumaayi bandhapetta njayarazhchakal khandoba aaraadhanaykk shubhakaramaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
aaraadhanayude vikasanam.
oru naadodi mathamaaya khandoba vibhaagam, braahmana mathathil lingamaayi aaraadhikkappedunna puraana sivanaaya vaidika rudrayudeyum nath, lingayat vibhaagangaludeyum phalathe prathifalippikkunnu. khandobayeppole moshtaakkal, kuthirakal, naaykkal ennivarumaayi bandhappettirunna veda rudrathinte uthppannamaayirikkam khandoba. sayana "malhari" enna peru thaithiriya samhithayilekku kandethunnu, malhari malhayude (prajapati) shatru (aarii) ennu vishadeekarikkunnu-rudrayude oru visheshanam, addeham devathayaaya prajapathiyude ethiraaliyaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. staanliyude abhipraayathil, khandoba oru parvathashikharatthile devanayum souradevanaayum praadeshika rakshaadhikaariyaayum uthbhavichu, thudarnnu vividha pradeshangalileyum samoohangalileyum daivangalaayi svayam swaamsheekarichu. staanliyude abhipraayathil, sooryadevanaaya sooryanil ninnum chandranumaayi thirichariyappedunna shivanil ninnum khandobaykku savisheshathakal paarambaryamaayi labhikkunnu. malhari mahathmyayil shivante chandra chithram khandobayude souraprathimakalaayi engane maarunnuvenn oonnipparayunna staanli khandobaye "sooryadevanaayi marria oru chandradevan" ennaanu visheshippikkunnathu.
aarr prakaram. sii. 1063 sii. yill rund silaashaasanangal.iii. koodaathe 1148 sii.eee kaalaghattatthil karnaadakayil mylara janapreeti nediyathaayi soochippikkunna naadan devathakalaaya mylara addehathinte bhaarya malavvayeyum paraamarsikkunnu. taamasiyaathe, eee pradeshathe raajakudumbaamgangal eee naadodi devanu shethrangal nirmmikkaan thudangi, ithu mylaraye apamaanicha sthaapitha mathatthile varenya vibhaagathe aswastharaakki. shivante avathaarathaal thudakkathil uyarthappetta mylara sivabhakthanaaya lingayat vibhaagathinte sthaapakanaaya basava apalapichu-avar pinneedu deviye prothsaahippichu. chakradhar swami (c.1270, mahanubhava vibhaagathinte sthaapakan), vidyaaranyaswaami, sheikh mohammed ennivarum daivathe vimarshichu. varkkari kaviyum sanyasiyumaaya eknaadhum khandobayude aaraadhanaakramathekkurich "nindyamaayi" ezhuthiyengilum addehathinushesham khandobayekkurichulla "thuranna" vimarsanam avasaanichuvenkilum addehathinte aaraadhanayude "krooratha" reethikal appozhum lakshyamitirunnu.
khandoba praadhamikamaayi edayanmaarude daivamaayirunnuvennum khandoba aaradhana kuranjathu panthrandaam noottaandilere pazhakkamullathaanennum jaina, lingayat grandhangalileyum likhithangalileyum paraamarshangal vazhi nirnnayikkaan kazhiyumennum sonthaimar soochippikkunnu. panthrandaam noottaandile jaina ezhuthukaaranaaya brahmashivan avakaashappedunnathu thante dheerathayude prakadanatthinu sesham yudhathil maricha oru jainane pinneedu mylara ennu namakaranam cheythuvennaanu. pathimoonnaam noottaandode rajaakkanmaarum braahmanarum lalithamaaya naadodikalum yodhaakkalum malhari allengil mylarayude vishalamaaya aaradhana acharikkunnu. musleem saamraajyathinte uyarchayode, parambaraagatha hindu shethrangal thakarnnu, ithu khandoba polulla naadodi mathathinu kaaranamaayi. chakradhaarante jeevacharitramaaya leelachitrayil paraamarshichirikkunna oru paramarsham, 'kaliyugathinte avasaanathode vishnuvinteyum shivanteyum shethrangal nasippikkappedum, pakshe myralayude shethrangal nilanilkkum' ennathaanu. vaarankalinaduthulla inavoluvile 1369 edii likhithathil mallariyekkurichu oru vivaranam parayunnu, athu malhari mahathmyayil ninnu vyathyasthamaan-shivan itihaasa nayakanaaya arjunane rakshasa mallah kollan sahayichu, angane mallari enna padavi nedi. kakatia raajavamshathinte (1083-1323 AD) kudumbadevanaayirunnu mylara; avarude bharanathil ninnulla oru vaachakam mylara bhaktharude svayam-peedana achaarangal rekhappeduthukayum deviye vivarikkukayum cheiyunnu. addehathinte vikasanathiludaneelam, lingayat maharashtriya bhakti sanyasimaarum ishwara (daivam) nte thaazhnna prakadanamaayi mylara kaanunnu. 
pathinettaam noottaandode khandoba maraatha saamraajyathinte gothradevanaayi maari. 1752-ll, maraatha rajakumari tarabai, deviyude saannidhyathil peshwa bharanadhikaariyaaya balaji bajiraavuvumaayulla karar oppidunnathinaayi khandobayile jejuri kshethram thiranjedutthu.
beedarinaduthulla pember (adimylar, mylarapur) ennu ariyappedunna premapoorile chambashasthi dinathilaanu khandoba aadyamaayi prathyakshappettathenn malhari mahaathmya prasthaavikkunnu. ippol karnaadakayile pember aaya premapuriyil ninnaan khandoba vannathennum pinneedu naldurgilekkum paaliyilekkum oduvil jejuriyilekkum poyathaayum marathi paarambaryangal parayunnu. mylara aaradhana pemberil ninnu uthbhavichathaakam, thudarnnu maharashtrayilekku vyaapichirikkamennum paitthaante rakshaadhikaariyaaya yakshan (demi-gooad) enna khandaka aaraadhanayumaayi layippichu athinu athinte prathyeka maharashtra savisheshathakal nalkunnuvennum sonthaimar soochippikkunnu. maharashtrakkaar daivathe vilikkunnu-karnaadakayil ninnulla daivamaaya "canadia khanderaaya". orupakshe lingayat, jainan, mylara-khandobayumaayi bandhapetta mattu vyapaarikal ennivar eee aaradhana dekkaante mattu bhaagangalilekku vyaapippichirikkam. mylaraykku purame, karnadakayileyum aandhraapradeshileyum mattu devathakalumaayi khandobaye thirichariyunnu, mallanna, mairala, mallu khaan enningane vilikkunnu. naadodi devathakalude shakta vibhagangal polulla mattu paarambaryangal khandoba vibhaagathilekku swaamsheekarikkappedukayum, devathakale khandobayude bharyamaaraaya malsa allengil banaay ennivayumaayi thirichariyukayum cheythu.
marathi saahityathinu khandoba vibhaagathodu sammishra prathikaranamundu. khandobaykku samarppichirikkunna sthothrathil (sthuthigeethathil) naranjanamadhwa (1790) addehathe "sambannamaaya vasthrangalulla oru prashastha rajaavum aabharanangal pathicha oru thadiyulla oru kutirayum" ennu vilikkunnu, addeham orikkal "oru pazhaya kaalaye oodichu urumbukadiyetta oru club (khatwanga) vahichirunna oru sanyasi yachakanaayirunnu"-puraana sivanekkurichulla oru hasyaparamaaya sweekaranam. mattoru udaaharanathil (1855), oru kristhyan missionary koknastha brahmanan deshastha brahmananethiraaya oru samvaadathil addehathe pretham ennu vilikkunnu. shudrar sandarshikkukayum purohithanmaar braahmanarallaatha gurukkanmarayirikkum cheiyunna khandoba kshethrathinte ashudhiyekkurichu mattoru braahmanan apahaasyathode paraamarsikkunnu. pothuvaaya upayogathil "nasham" ennu ardhamaakkunna "khel-khandoba" enna marathi padam, bhakthane thante vibhaagathil daivam kaivashappeduthunnathine soochippikkunnu.