manushyabodhatthinte saamoohikashaasthram

manushyabodhatthinte saamoohikashaasthram allengil bodhatthinte saamoohikashaasthram, bodham paryavekshanam cheiyunnathinum parisodhikkunnathinum saamoohikashaasthrathinte sidhaanthangalum reethishaasthravum upayogikkunnu.
avalokanam.
eee kruthiyude adithara kandethunnathu thathwachinthakanum saamoohikashaasthranjanumaaya jorjju herbert meedle ninnaan, addehathinte pravartthanangal manassinte roopeekaranam, svayam, mattullava ennivayekkurichulla ashayangal, vyakthigatha saamoohika jeevikalil samoohathinte aantharikavalkkaranam ennivayekkurichu pradhana ulkkazhchakal nalki, iva manushya edapedalukalil ninnum ashayavinimayathil ninnum uyarnnuvarunnathayi kaanunnu. sameepakaalathe kruthikal bodhatthinte niravadhi pradhana vashangal vahikkaan atharamoru saamoohikavum saamoohikavumaaya manashaasthraparamaaya veekshanam konduvarunnu, angane cheyyumbol vishadeekaranathe vipareethamaakkunnu koottaaya prathibhasangalil ninnu aarambhich, oraal vyakthigatha bodhathe vishakalanam cheiyunnu. 
eee vipareethamundaakkunnathil, avar kuraykkunnathinulla sameepanangale poornnamaayum nirasikkukayo koottaayathum saamoohikavumaaya manashaasthraparamaaya prakriyakal pravartthikkunna "hardware" thirichariyunnathile avarude moolyam nishedhikkukayo cheiyunnilla. ennirunnaalum, poornnamaayum saamoohika samvidaanangalude adisthaanathilo allengil adisthaana shaareerika, raasa, neurological, hormon, allengil manashaasthraparamaaya gadakangaludeyum prakriyakaludeyum adisthaanathilo oru samboornna vishadeekaranam roopappeduthaamenna ashayam avar nirsikkum. aadhunika bhouthikashaasthrathinteyum jeevashaasthrathinteyum veekshanakonil ninnu reductionisathekkurichlu vimarsanathinaayi morovits (1981) kaanuka. 
manushyajeevithathinte jaiva, jaiva-bhauthika aditharakal amgeekarikkappettirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee sameepanangale poornnamaayum aashrayikkaan kazhiyilla. bhaagikamaayi, bodha prathibhaasangalude chila vibhagangalekkurichu parayumbol vishakalanathinte nila thettayi nayikkappedunnu; prakrithishaasthra sameepanagalil bhooribhaagavum thettaaya thalangalilum manushyabodhatthinte ettavum nigoodavum vairudhyaparavumaaya chila savisheshathakal vishadeekarikkunna thettaaya gadakangalilum shradha kendreekarikkunnu.
sidhaantham.
bhasha, koottaaya praathinidhyam, svayam daaranakal, svayam prathifalippikkal ennivayude praadhaanyam saamoohika sameepanam oonnipparayunnu. manushyabodhatthinte roopavum bhaavavum valareyadhikam saamoohikamaanennum ithu nammude "koottaaya bodhatthinte" anubavangalil vyakthigatha bodhatthinte anubhavangalilninn ottum kuranjathallennum eee saidhaanthika sameepanam vaadikkunnu. 
samooham, bhasha, bhasha adisthaanamaakkiyulla ashayavinimayam, sthaapanaparavum saamskaarikavumaaya krameekaranangal enningane manushyasamoohathil ninnum koottaaya prathibhasangalil ninnum aarambhich bodhatthinte prashnathe phalapradamaayi sameepikkaan kazhiyumennu sidhaantham soochippikkunnu. avaa" ennathinu vipareethamaayi "njangal" enna aashayavinimayathiloode koottaaya praathinidhyangalo modalukalo kaivashamullatho vikasikkunnatho aaya vyakthikalude oru groupo janasamkhyayo aanu koottukettukal oru group, community, oorganaiseshan allengil raashtram "mattullava" ennathumaayi vyathyaasappettirikkunnu; athinte moolyangalum lakshyangalum, athinte ghadanayum pravartthana reethikalum, paristhithiyumaayum mattu ejantukalumaayum ulla bandham, athinte saadhyathakalum balaheenathakalum, thanthrangalum vikasanangalum thudangiyava. 
oru koottatthinu athinte savisheshathakalekkuricho, eee svayam enthaanu (engane) manassilaakkunnath, vidhikkunnu, cheiyunnu, allengil athinu enthucheyyaan kazhiyum (kazhiyilla), allengil enthucheyyanam (allengil cheyyaruthu) ennivayekkurichulla koottaaya praathinidhyangalilum ashayavinimayangalilum kazhivundu. athu athinte pravarthanangaleyum nettangaleyum parajayangaleyum nireekshikkukayum oru paridhivare svayam vishakalanam cheyyukayum oru nirvachikkappettathum vikasikkunnathumaya koottaaya ejantaayi charcha cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. 
ithaanu svayam prathiphalanam ennathukondu ardhamaakkunnathu. atharam prathiphalanam bhashayil encode cheyyukayum koottaaya svayam sambandhicha sambhashanangalil vikasippikkukayum cheiyunnu (nammal chuvade charcha cheiyunnathupole, vyakthikalekurichulla sambhaashanangalum undu, avare nirvachikkukayum nyaayeekarikkukayum kalankappeduthukayum cheiyunnu).
oru prathiphalana pravartthanamenna nilayil manushyabodham.
kuranjathu oru pradhana ardhathil manushyabodham oru tharam prathiphalana pravarthanamaanu. koottaaya swabhaavathekkurichu nireekshikkaanum nireekshikkaanum vidhikkanum theerumaanikkaanum ulla kazhivu ithil ulppedunnu. ithu oru prathyeka koottukettu manassilaakkunnathino prathinidheekarikkunnathino ulla oru adisthaanamaanu; prakadana paraajayangalko aazhathilulla prathisandhikko (saambathika, rashtreeya, saamskaarika) marupadiyaayi koottaaya swabhaavathe punakrameekarikkunnathinum punakrameekarikkunnathinnu oru adisthaanamaanithu.
oru groupinteyo samghadanayudeyo charchakal, vimarsanaathmaka prathiphalanangal, aasoothranam, pravartthanangal ennivayil svayam uthppaadippikkukayum upayogikkukayum cheiyunna oru pravartthanamaayi koottaaya prathiphalanam uyarnnuvarunnu.
vyakthigatha bodham.
groupilo oorganaiseshanilo ulla vyakthigatha amgangale koottaayi namakaranam cheyyuka, tharamthirikkuka, nireekshikkuka, vidikkuka, prathifalippikkuka ennee prakriyakalude saadhaarana falamaanu vyakthigatha bodham. oru koottaaya pashchaathalatthil oru vyakthi "svayam" ennathinekkurichulla charchakalilum prabhashanangalilum pankedukkaan padikkunnu, athaayath, svayam, avarude roopam, avarude aabhimukhyam, manobhaavam, avarude thanthrangal, perumaattam ennivayekkurichulla group prathiphalanangal. angane, oru vyakthi (jorjju herbert meedinte muun soothravaakyangalkku anusrithamaayi) thante perukalum vargeekaranavum (svayam vivaranavum swathwavum) avarude vidhikal, pravartthanangal, mundharanakal ennivayude swabhaavavum padikkunnu.
eee pravartthana reethikkayi oru bhashayum aashayaparamaaya chattakoodum nedunnathinoppam prathiphalana charchayile anubhavavum vaidagdhyavum avar svayam aantharika prathiphalanatthinteyum aantharika sambhaashanathinteyum kazhivu vikasippikkunnu. iva oru prathyeka tharam vyakthigatha "bodhatthinte" savisheshathakalaan. saamoohika edapedalukaliloodeyum saamoohika nirmmaanatthiloodeyum saakshaathkarikkappedunna manushyamanassinte pradhana gunangalude saamoohikamaayi nirmmicha swabhaavathe eee ashayam choondikkaanikkunnu. churukkatthil, vyakthigatha svayam praathinidhyam, svayam-reference, svayam-prathiphalanam, bodhatthinte anubavangal enniva koottaaya anubhavathil ninnu uruthirinjathaanu.
prathiphalanatthiloode svayam nirmmikkuka.
oru tharam bodhamenna nilayil svayam-prathiphalanam palappozhum saamoohikavum vyakthavumaya svayam vimarsanaathmaka parisodhanaykkum punarnirmmaanatthinum sahayikkunnu. chittayaayatho valare apakadakaramo aaya prakadana paraajayangalo puthiya tharatthilulla prashnangalo neridumbol manushya samoohangalil (athupole thanne vyakthigatha jeevikalilum) ithu oru pradhana punk vahikkunnu. svayam prathiphalanatthiloode, ejantumaarkku kooduthal phalapradamaaya sthaapana krameekaranangal vikasippikkunnathin nirddishta prashnaparihaaratthinte samayat kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyum, udaaharanathinu, bharanam, janaadhipathya association allengil vipanikal polulla valia thothilulla saamoohika ekopana marggangal.
saamoohika samghadanakalumaayulla bandham.
bhoothakaalatheyum bhaviyeyum kurichulla bhasha adisthaanamaakkiyulla koottaaya praathinidyangal, varthamaanakaalathil ninnu rakshappedaanum bhaaviyilekkum bhootakaala sangalppa lokangalilekkum praveshikkaanum eee lokangalekkurichu orumichu prathifalippikkaanum ejantumaare praptharaakkunnu. koodaathe, bhoothakaalavum varthamaanakaalavum bhaviyumaayi bandhappett, ejantumaarkku badal praathinidyangal srishtikkaam. eee badal nirmmanangal sangalppikkukayum charcha cheyyukayum kashtappedukayum pareekshikkukayum cheiyunnathu, mattidangalil charcha cheythathupole, parinaama prakriyakalilekkulla oru pradhana inputtaaya vaividhyathinte uthppaadanathinu kaaranamaakunnu. 
atharam vaividhyam saamoohika samgharshangalilekkum nayichekkaam, kaaranam prathinidhikal praathinidhyangalekkuri viyojikkunnu, allengil prathyeka ejantumaar nirddeshikkunna prasnangalkkulla prathyaaghaathangaleyo parihaarangaleyo ethirkkunnu. ithu badal ashayangaleyum pariharangaleyum kurichulla rashtreeya poraattangalkku vazhiyorukkunnu (janaadhipathya raashtreeyam chilappol koottaaya svayam prathiphalanatthe ulkkollunnu). 
pothuve, atharam prakriyakal puthiya velluvilikaleyum prathisandhikaleyum neridaanulla koottaaya sheshi vardhippikkunnu. athinaal, oru koottatthinu "koottaaya svayam", prathyeka "vyakthigatha svayam" ennivayulppede vividha lakshyangalekkurich samsaarikkunnathinum charcha cheiyunnathinum sammathikkunnathinum (allengil viyojikkunnathinum) mathramalla, badal tharatthilulla saamoohika bandhangal, phalapradamaaya neethrthwa roopangal, ekopanam, niyanthranam, pothuve, puthiya maanadanda kramangalum sthaapana krameekaranangalum enniva sangalppikkaanum vikasippikkaanum oru maarggamund.
koottaaya praathinidhyathinum svayam prathiphalanathinumulla avarude saadhyathakal vikasippikkaan polum cooterk kazhiyum, udaaharanathinu vivara, accounting samvidaanangalile puthumakaliloodeyum saamoohika utharavaaditha prakriyakaliloodeyum. eee saadhyathakal chittayaya, dishaabodhamulla prashnaparihaarathinum vaividyamaarnnathum sankeernavumaaya thanthrangal srishtikkunnathinum prapthamaakkunnu. prathyekamaayi thiranjeduttha parithasthithikalil iva pradhana parinamaparamaaya nettangal undaakkunnu.
adichamarthal prathiphalanam.
koottaaya prathiphalanatthinte sakthamaaya upakaranathe oru vashath avasarathinteyum vyathiyaanathinteyum swaathanthryam vipuleekarikkunnathumaayi bandhappett eratta-vashangalulla vaalayi kaanam, maruvashathu, prathyeka niyanthranangal earppeduthukayum vyathiyaanathe parimithappedutthukayum venam. 
koottaaya praathinidyangalum prathiphalanavum avaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla nirddishta prasnaparihaaravum manushya grouppukale prathinidheekarikkappedaathu perillaatthathum kandethunnathil ninnu thadayunnu; thirichariyappedaathatho moshamaayi nirvachikkappettatho aaya prasnangal kaikaaryam cheyyaan kazhiyilla (udaaharanathinu, mattidangalil charcha cheythathupole, pradhanappetta saamoohikavum paaristhithikavumaaya saahacharyangalum sambhavavikasangalum thirichariyunnathino kanakkiledukkunnathino accounting samvidaanangalude paraajayangalude kaaryatthil). 
prathiphalanaparavum prashnaparihaaraparavumaaya sakthikal pinneedu valachodikkappedaam, badalukaludeyum vaividhyangaludeyum uthpaadanam idungiyathum valia thothil phalapradamallaathathum, saamoohika naveekaranavum parivartthanavum thettaaya dishayilekku nayikkappedukayum svayam nasippikkukayum cheythekkaam. athinaal, manushya prathiphalanatthinte parinamaparamaaya gunangal yogyathayullatho vyavasthaapithamo aayi kaanappedanam.
kazhchakal.
churukkatthil, jorjju herbert meedinte pravartthanatthe adisthaanamaakkiyulla sameepakaala gaveshanam soochippikkunnathu, oru saamoohikavum saamoohikavumaaya manashaasthraparamaaya veekshanam manushyabodhatthinte chila roopangale nirvachikkanum vishakalanam cheyyaanumulla oru poyintaayirikkaam, allengil kooduthal krithyamaayi paranjaal, oru klaas bodha prathibhasangal, athaayath vaakkalulla prathiphalanam nireekshanam, charcha, vilayiruthal, punakrameekaranam, svayam punakrameekarikkal; svayam savisheshathaye prathinidheekarikkukayum vishakalanam cheyyukayum cheyyuka, svayam manassilaakkunnath, jadjimark enthucheyyaan kazhiyum, cheyyendathu (allengil cheyyaruthu)). 
manushyasamoohathil ninnum koottaaya prathibhasangalil ninnum aarambhikkunnathiloode bodhatthinte "kadinamaaya prashnathe" phalapradamaayi sameepikkaan kazhiyum samooham, bhasha, bhasha adisthaanamaakkiyulla ashayavinimayam, sthaapanaparavum saamskaarikavumaaya krameekaranangal, koottaaya praathinidhyam, svayam daaranakal, svayam-paramarsham. charchakal, vimarsanaathmaka prathiphalanangal, theerumaanamedukkal ennivayil svayam ("njangal", njangalude group, community, oorganaiseshan, raajyam) koottaaya praathinidyangal uthppaadippikkukayum upayogikkukayum cheiyunna oru samghadanayudeyo groupinteyo pravartthanamaayi koottaaya prathiphalanam uyarnnuvarunnu. oru koottaaya nireekshanam athinte pravartthanangal, nettangal, parajayangal enniva charcha cheyyukayum svayam oru nirvachikkapetta, pravartthikkunna, koottaaya asthithvam vikasippikkunnathu enna nilayil prathifalippikkukayum cheiyunnu. eee prathiphalanam bhashayil encode cheyyukayum koottaaya (athupole thanne vyakthigatha) svayam sambandhicha sambhashanangalil vikasippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
koottaaya peru nalkal, tharamthirikkal, nireekshanam, vidhinirnayam, prathifalippikkal, vyakthiyekkurichulla charchakalum prabhaashanangalum nadatthal ennee prakriyakalil ninnaan vyakthigatha bodham uruthirinjathu. eee pravartthana reethikk oru bhashayum aashayaparamaaya chattakoodum nedunnathil-prathiphalana charchayile kazhivukalum anubhavangalum-avar vyakthigatha bodhatthinte savisheshathakalaaya aantharika prathiphalanatthinteyum aathmavinekkurichulla aantharika vyavahaarathinteyum kazhivu vikasippikkunnu. oraalkk vyakthigatha avabodhathinteyum bodhatthinteyum onniladhikam reethikale verthirichariyaan kazhiyum, avabodhathe sariyaaya bodhatthil ninnu verthirikkukayum pree-aandu sub-konshyas thalangal thirichariyukayum cheyyaam. saamoohika edapedalukaliloodeyum nirmmaanatthiloodeyum athinte vipuleekaranam kaaranam ithu manushya manassinte sankeernathaye choondikkaanikkunnu.

