
echms dugway-truin (1780)

1779ll leeii haavaril vikshepicha 18 thokkukalulla franch swakaarya sloopaanu echms "duguway-truin". 1780ll avale pidikoodukayum britiish royal nevi avale avarude nilavilulla peril sevanathilekku kondupookukayum cheythu. 1783 october 30nuu athu "dugway-truin" vittu. pinneedu avar vestt indiakkaariyaaya "christopher" aayi. avar niravadhi franch vyapara kappalukal pidichedutthu. pinneedu avar livarpool aasthaanamaayulla adimakkappalaayi maari, adimakalude trikona vyaapaarathil anchu yathrakal nadatthi. 1804 septambaril chaalstanil oru chuzhalikkattil aval nashtappettu.
franch swakaarya.
"piyari-denis ducasoyude keezhil 168 purushanmaarum 18 muthal 20 vare thokkukalum adangiya 150 tonn bharamullah franch swakaarya slooppaayirunnu dugway trouin.
1780 januvari 29nuu dodmaante "dugway trouin" pidichedutthu. march 6 nuu admiraltti haikodathi avale shikshikkukayum royal nevi avale akathekku kondupookukayum avalude peru nilanirthukayum cheythu.
royal nevi.
commander jorjju stooni meyy maasathil "dugway-truin" kammeeshan cheythu. thudarnnu november 29nuu avar leaward dveepukalilekku kappal kayari.
1781 februvariyil commander joonn fish jamaikkayil adhikaaramettu. "dugway trouin" pinneedu niravadhi vijayangal nedi 
augustil commander benchamin hulke malsyathinu pakaram vannu.
1783 februvari 12nuu markvis dii grassay-bryansoninte (admiral komte dii grasseyude anantharavan) neethrthwathil 28 thokkukalulla corvet "laa kokvettu" nayikkunna moonnu kappalukalulla oru kappal grand turk dveepil ethi. emm. yude neethrthwathil naalu rejimentukalil ninnu 400 oolam pere konduvannukondu floatilla erangi. prathirodhamillathe dveepinte niyanthranam ettedutha coojols.
march 2 nuu kyapttan jaims kinginte neethrthwathil 44 thokku "dugway trounumaayi" sanjarikkumbol turk dweep pathayil nankooramitta rund franch kappalukal kandethi. rund kappalukalum thangalude kebilukal murichu thekkupadinjaraayi nilkkukayum athil "prathirodham" pinthudarukayum cheythu. 20 thokkukalulla ettavum aayudhadhaariyaaya kappal avalude pradhana topp maast uyarthi; "prathirodham" uyarnnu oru vishalamaaya bhaagathekku vediyuthirthathinethudar aval keezhadangi. "prathirodham" pinneedu mattoraale pinthudarnnu, avalude kadinamaaya pinthudarchakkaaril ninnulla vediyuthirtha sesham avar koode vannu; "laa kokvettu" udan keezhadangi.
march 15nuu "dugway trouin" "ville dii triste" pidichedutthu.
nirmarjanam american swaathanthryasamarathinum fransumaayulla yuddham avasaanichathinusesham, naavikasena 1783 october 30 nuu "dugway trouin" vittu.
"christopher".
onno athiladhikamo vyapaarikal "dugway trouin" vaangi 1784 desember 2 nuu "christopher" enna peril rajisttar cheythu. livarpool vyaapaari joonn bolton aayirikkam aaa vyaapaari. "christopher 1786-ll" "loyidinte rajisttaril" "praveshichu (1785-ll oru prasnavumilla), jeey.". bolton udama tii. scott, maasttar, jeey. smith, livarpool-sttu vinsent trade cheyyuka. 1786-leeii livarpool registry ippozhum boltone "christafarinte" udamayaayi kaanichu.
1793 septambar 19nuu kyapttan jaims smithinu "christopherinu" vendi oru maarkk kathu labhichu. addehathinte neethrthwathil vestt indeesil ninnulla uthppannangalumayi moonnu franch kappalukalum martinikkil ninnulla 12 thokkukalum 44 aalukalum avar pidichedutthu. 150 pannikalude thalayilulla panchasaara vahikkunna oru kappal gwadelopil ninnu smith sent vinsentilekku konduvannu. (ithinakam soochippicha moonnu franch kappalukalil onnaano allayo ennu parayaan kazhiyilla.)
1794 october 23nuu kyapttan joonn tomkinson smithinu pakaram, 1795 juulai 20nuu grenadile kyapttan henry boond tomkinsoninu pakaram. 1797 october 6nuu roobert ramse adhikaaramettu. october 10nuu addehathinu maarkk kathu labhichu. "1798leeii "lloyds rajisttaril" jeey undaayirunnu. aarr" ennathinu pakaram vaatsan. rumsey "maasttar" aayi, koodaathe "christafarinte" vyapaaram livarpool-demerarayayi nalki. 1798 juun 29nuu joonn "maatsan" nuu maarkk kathu labhichu. (maatsan vaatsaninte transcription pishakaanenn thonnunnu.)
1799num 1804num idayil christopher anchu adimakalaayi yaatra cheythu, ekadesham prathivarsham onnu.
aadya yaatra (1798-1799): kyapttan joonn vaatsan 1798 juulai 30 nuu livarpoolil ninnu kappal kayari. 1798 october 15 nuu addeham thadavukaare kayattaan thudangi. anomabu, elmina, keppu koost kaasil ennividangalil thadavukaare swanthamaakki. "1799 meyy 7nuu 388 thadavukaarumaayi christopher demerarayilethi. juulai 19nuu avar livarpoolilekku kappal kayarukayum septambar 19nuu avide athukayum cheythu. oru ghattathil samudrayaathrayude command joonn misisaakilekku maatti. "christopher" 38 kroo amgangalumaayi livarpoolil ninnu purappedukayum yaathrayil ettu kroo maranangal anubhavikkukayum cheythirunnu.
1800 leeii "shipping rajisttar" avarude yajamanante peru jeey ennu nalki. vaatsan, "kiswick" ennathilekku maarunnu.
randaam yaatra (1800-1801): ennirunnaalum, 1800 march 1 nuu kyapttan joonn roach maarkk kathu nedi. march 20 nuu livarpoolil ninnu kappal kayarukayum kaattuveeshunna theerathu thadavukaare sweekarikkukayum cheythu. "254 thadavukaarumaayi desember 29nuu christopher demerarayilethi. 1801 march 2 nuu avar livarpoolilekku kappal kayarukayum epril 20 nuu avide athukayum cheythu. 40 kroo amgangalumaayi avar livarpoolil ninnu purappettappol yaathrayil anchu kroo maranangal neridendi vannu.
1801-ll "christopher" eathaandu punarnirmikkappettu.
moonnaamathe yaatra (1801-1802): joonn hurd (allengil jeey. hird), maasttar, 1801 septambar 3 nuu livarpoolil ninnu kappal kayari. eee yathrayum adutha yathrayum amiyanmaarude samaadhaanathinidayil aarambhichathinal, oru maarkk lettarinu keezhil hurd kappal yaatra cheythilla. "1802 meyy 8nuu 271 thadavukaarumaayi "christopher" trinidadilum tobagoilum ethi. juulai 4 nuu avar livarpoolilekku kappal kayarukayum august 17 nuu avide thirichethukayum cheythu. 38 kroo amgangalumaayi avar livarpoolil ninnu purappettappol yaathrayil ezhu kroo maranangal neridendi vannu.
naalaamathe yaatra (1802-1803): kyapttan joonn hurden 1802 october 11 nuu livarpoolil ninnu kappal kayari. kaattuveeshunna theerathu addeham thadavukaare nedi. "christopher" 1803 juun 27nuu 239 thadavukaarumaayi tortolayilethi. august 1 nuu avar livarpoolilekku kappal kayarukayum septambar 26 nuu avide athukayum cheythu. 29 kroo amgangalumaayi avar livarpoolil ninnu purappettappol yaathraykkide anchu kroo maranangal neridendi vannu.
anchaam yaatra (1804): kyapttan roobert woodwardinu 1804 februvari 15nuu maarkk kathu labhichu. 1804 march 16nuu addeham kappal kayarukayum congo nadiyil thadavukaare sweekarikkukayum cheythu. "1804 septambar 4nuu 270 thadavukaarumaayi christopher chaalstaniletthi. august 4nuu wood ward marichirunnu. kyapttan christoper eskildson addehathinu pakaram vannu.
vidhi.
"1804 septambar 7 nuu chaalstanil 1804 antigwa-chaalsttan chuzhalikkattil "christopher" thadavukaare irakkiya sesham nashtappettu. 39 kroo amgangalumaayi avar livarpoolil ninnu purappettappol yaathraykkide anchu kroo maranangal neridendi vannu.
1806-leeii "loost" enna notteshan "rajisttar oof shippingil" prathyakshappettu. loyidinte rajisttar "1809 vare avale wood ward, maasttar, bolton, udama, trade livarpool-aphrica ennivayil pattikappeduthunnathu thudarnnu.
1806ll 33 britiish adimakkappalukal nashtappettu; ettu kappalukal madhyabhaagathu nashtappettu.iii, aphrica vittathinusheshavum veettilekku pookunnathinumumbumbum. christopher" oru chuzhalikkattil nashtappettu, 1793 muthal 1807 vareyulla kaalayalavil, britiish adimakkappalukalkkidayil kappal nashtatthinu ettavum valia kaaranam samudra apakadangalo adima prathirodhamo aayirunnilla.