ernst ludwig voonn gerlack

oru russian raashtreeyakkaaranum edittarumaayirunnu ernst ludwig voonn gerlach (7 march 1795-18 februvari 1877). prashyayile kansarvetteevu party pradhana sthaapakarilum pramukha chinthakarilum oralaayi kanakkaakkappedunna addeham varshangalolam prussian house oof representativesile neethaavaayirunnu. thante sahodaranaaya leopold voonn gerlakkineppole, addeham "nyoo preusishe saitung" (puthiya prussian pathram) sthaapikkunnathil oru pradhana punk vahichathine chuttipattiyulla vrithathil pettayalayirunnu.
jeevitam.
uthbhavavum yuvathvavum.
berlin mayer kaal friedrich leopold voonn jerlaakkinte naalaamathe kuttiyaya prussian bureaucratic gentryude kudumbatthil 1795 ll berlinil jerlack janichu.  addehathinte sahodaranmaaril pilkkala generalum prussian rajaavaaya leopold voonn gerlaachinte adjattantum daivashaasthranjanum kottaaratthile chapplineumaaya ottoo voonn gerlack ulppedunnu. ulppedunnu 1810num idayil ernst ludwig puthuthayi sthaapithamaaya berlin sarvakalashaalayil niyamapatanam nadatthi, pinneedu gottinganilum heidelbergilum.  1813 muthal 1815 vare aaram sakhyathinte yudhathil addeham poraadi, athinidayil addehathinu niravadhi thavana parikkettu.  oru udyogasthanenna nilayil addeham sevanam avasaanippichu.
1815ll berlinilvechu kandumuttya addehavumaayulla souhrudamaayirunnu gerlaakkinte jeevithathile ettavum roopeekaranaparamaaya anubhavangalilonn. eee sanbarkkathiloode valia thothil prothsaahippikkappetta adhehavum sahodaran leopold leopold pomeranian matha punarujjeevana prasthaanatthil sajeevamaayi pankedutthu. cheruppatthil peettisatthil ninnu addehathinu labhicha mathaparamaya mudra addehathodoppam, jeevithathiludaneelam addehathinte pravartthanangalum chinthakalum. yuvanaaya oottoo voonn bismarkkumaayulla addehathinte parichayavum eee kaalathum eee vrithathilum ninnaan uthbhavikkunnath.
prussian sivil sarvees.
1820-ll jerlack prussian judicial sarveesil praveshikkukayum 1823-ll nombergill (saale) oru unnatha praadeshika kodathi kaunsilaraayi (oberlandesjerichtsraat) maarukayum cheythu. 1835-nuu sesham addeham haaleyile praadeshika, munisippal kodathi director (land-undu stadjerichtsdire) frankfurtile (oder) unnatha praadeshika kodathiyude (oberlandesjerichu) vais presidentum aayirunnu.
thante kaalathe yuktivaada pravanathakale athirthukondu jerlack daivashaasthraparamaaya kaaryangalilum aazhathilulla thaalparyam prakadippichu. 1827-ll jerlack, ernst wilhem hengstenberg, august tholakk, mattullavar ennivar "ivanchalishe kirchensiteung" (ivaanchalikkal sabhayude pathram) sthaapichu, ithu "wormars" kaalaghattatthile aadyakaala yaadhaasthithikarude pramukha avayavamaayi maari. 1830-ll addeham athinaayi oru anjjaatha lekhanam ezhuthi, athil bhaashaashaasthranjanaaya wilhem geseniusineyum daivashaasthranjanaaya juuliyas veshaiderineyum avarude yukthivaadam kaaranam vaakkalulla aakramanangalkk vidheyanaakki.  aathyanthikamayi professormark aaa sthaanam nashtamaayillengilum samgharsham wegschaiderude prashasthiye nashippichu.
oru kristhyan-jarmman raashtram punarnirmmikkanulla chumatala svayam nischayicha "wilhemstrass clubble" amgamaayirunna addeham 1831 muthal 1841 vare prasidheekaricha "berliner politisches vochenblat" (berlin polittikkal veekkili) yill sambhavana nalki. 1842 ll addeham privy hye kaunsilar oof justice ("geheimer oberjestisraattu") aayi. athinusesham taamasiyaathe friedrich kaal voonn savigniyude keezhilulla stettu kaunsililum legislative commissionilum amgamaayi. oru pathrapravartthana kodathi (pressegerict) sthaapikkunnathinu vidagdha abhipraayangal nalkunnathinu purame, prussian vivaha niyamatthinte aasootritha parishkaranatthinaayi oru upadeshtaavaayi gerlack pravarthichu. 1844-ll addeham magdeburghile unnatha praadeshika kodathiyudeyum (oberlandesgerich) appeel kodathiyudeyum (appeel gerrich) cheef presidentaayi, avide thante sahodaran leopold, kansteettari president, mattullavar ennivarumaayi chernnu addeham fronds oof dhaa laitt, oru yuktivaada protestant groupinode poraadi. 1874ll addeham sivil sarvees vittu.
raashtreeyathilum pathrapravartthanatthilum raashtreeyajeevitham.
raashtreeyajeevitham viplava varshathile sambhavangal raashtreeyathil sajeevamakaanulla gerlaakkinte sannadhathaye shakthippeduthi. aaa varsham maarchil magdeburghile judicial sevanam kaaranam berlinileyum magdeburghileyum viplavakaarikalil ninnu addeham sathrutha nerittu, ithu swantham amgeekaarathiloode addehathinte nilapaadukalil shakthippeduthi. 1848-leeii venalkkaalath junker paarlament ennum vilikkappedunna "bhoomi swathinte thalpparyangal samrakshikkunnathinum ellah vibhaagangaludeyum abhivridhi prolsaahippikkunnathu association" enna pothusabhayil addeham parambaraagatha yaadhaasthithika kaazhchappaadukal vaadichu. frederic vilyam naalaaman rajaavinu chuttumulla "camerila" ennu vilikkappedunnathil adhehavum sahodaran leopold oru pradhana punk vahichu. rajavineyum sarkkar neethrthwatheyum avarude chinthaareethiyilekku swaadheenikkaan shramicha swaadheenamulla raashtreeyakkaarude oru koottamaayirunnu athu. friedrich juuliyas staal, athe sarkilil ninnulla mattullavar ennivarodoppam 1848-ll addeham "nyoo preusishe saitung" (puthiya prussian pathram) sthaapichu, ithu pinneedu taittil pejile irumbu cross kaaranam "cruisaitung" (cross pathram) ennum ariyapettu.  jerlaakkinte vishwasthanaaya herman wagnerinu editting chumatala nalki. parambaraagatha yaadhaasthithika varikal pinthudarnnu jerlack pinneedu pepparinaayi prathimasa allengil traimasa "rundshou" (avalokanam) ezhuthi.
1849ll addeham pinneedu house oof loards ennu vilikkapetta prussian paarlamentinte aadya chamberil amgamaayi. aduthide roopeekaricha yaadhaasthithika party chairman enna nilayil, addeham veendum samoolamaaya udaaravaadathinum janaadhipathyathinum ethiraayum purathana bharanathinte "daivikamaayi niyukthamaaya" viplavathinu munbulla kramam punasthaapikkunnathinum vendi oru dridamaaya poraattam nadatthi. erfert union paarlament amgamenna nilayil addeham ithe kaazhchappaadukal vaadichu. addehathinte rashtreeyachinthayil viplavavum samboornavaadavum daivathinte srishtiyude ishtathinu anusrithamaaya oru kristheeya raashtram ennartham varunna oru chittayaya raashtrathinte aadarshathil ninnulla vinashakaramaaya vyathiyaanagalaayirunnu. addehathinte rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukalude vikasanathe thudakkathil kaal ludwig voonn haalarude rachanakalum pinneedu friedrich juuliyas stalinumaayulla parichayavum adutha sahakaranavum swaadheenichu.
1852-ll jerlack coslin niyojakamandalatthinaayi prussian paarlamentinte prathinidhikalude sabhayilekku thiranjedukkappedukayum 1855-ll addehathinte perilulla "fraction jerlack" enna yaadhaasthithika vibhaagathinte sthaapakanum chairmaanumaayi maarukayum cheythu. wilhem onnaamante bharanathin keezhil (1858 muthal, thante sahodaran frederic vilyam naalaamane maanasikamaayi akshamanaakkiya strokkinethudarnnu), yaadhaasthithikarude abhoothapoorvamaaya thiranjeduppu paraajayatthinte falamaayi addehathinu paarlamentari adikaaram nashtappedukayum yaadhaasthithika party neethrthwathil ninnu raajivaykkukayum cheythu.  krooyseyittangile" "rundshou" "enna grandhatthinte rachayithaav enna nilayil addeham thante rashtreeya kaazhchappaadukal urappichu.
varshangal kazhinjum bismaarkkumaayi bandham avasaanippichu.
bharanakarthaakkalumaayulla aikyadaartyam kanakkileduthu 1871ll jarmman ekeekaranathinethire addeham poraadi. poraadi austro-russian yudhathe addeham ethirthu, udaaharanathinu "dhaa annexations aandu dhaa north jarmman konfedareshan" (1866) enna laghulekhayil addeham germmaniyil ninnu austriyaye puratthaakkukayum vadakkan germmaniyil prussia kootticherkkukayum cheythu. 1873 muthal russian paarlamentile amgamaaya addeham bismaarkkinte kulturkamp (saamskaarika poraattam) enna sabha niyamangalude kadutha athiraalikalil oralaayi svayam kaanikkukayum catholica sentar partyil athidhiyaayi cherukayum angane pathittaandukalaayi suhruthukkalaayirunna ottoo voonn bismaarkkinte vyakthiparamaaya shathruthaykk vidheyanaavukayum addehathinte rashtreeya uyarchayil adhehavum sahodaran leopold cheria punk vahikkukayum cheythu. sivil vivaahavum saamraajyathva chansalar" enna addehathinte lekhanam kaaranam 1874ll bismaarkkinte adhikara avahelanathinu preranayaayi addehathinethire kuttapathram samarppikkappettu. jerlakinu pinneedu pizhayum laghulekhayude vitharanam nirodhikkukayum cheythu, ithu vilppana vardhippikkaan maathrame sahaayichulloo. magdeburgil kodathi presidentaayi ("jeriktspraasidant") gerlack swamedhayaa avadhi eduthu, athu chakravarty wilhem onnaaman addehathinu nalki.
1877-ll addeham hannover 4 (oosnaabrakku) electoral distrikttile guelf party reachstag amgamaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum kendravaadi vibhaagathil athidhi amgamaayi cherukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, 1877 februvari 18 nuu, puthiya reachstag sathyaprathinja cheiyunnathinu naalu divasam munbu, 16-aamm theeyathi vaikunneram berlinile shoneberger paalatthil nadanna oru vaahanaapakadathil 81-aamm vayassil ernst ludwig voonn gerlack marichu. berlin-mitteyile cathedral semiteri II-ll addehathe samskarichu.
gerlakkinekkurichulla charitraparamaaya scholarshippinte vidhi thikachum avyakthamaanu. charitrakaaranaaya hans-jokim shopes ellaattinumupariyaayi gerlaakkinte adisthaana mathaparamaya prachodanam oonnipparanju
jerlack archive.
1954ll hans-jokim shoppukalkku erlanchan-neuremberg sarvakalaashaalaykkaayi nedaan kazhinja jerlaxinte kudumba aarkkaivaaya jerlaakkinte kaathalaya jerlack aarkkaivil innu ernst ludwig voonn jerlaachinte estettu roopappedunnu. heldingukalude shradha "rorbecker archive" ennu vilikkappedunnu, athil jerlaachinte vipulamaaya kathidapaadukal (ekadesham 9,000 kathidapaadukaaril ninnulla 15,000 kathukal), athupole chila bandhukkalude kathidapaadukal, vividha audyogika, rashtreeya rekhakal, addehathinte dayarikal (1815-1877) enniva adangiyirikkunnu. ithu ippol sarvakalaashaalayude instittyoott oof polittikkal sayansil sthaapichittundu, 2012 num 2015 num idayil puthuthayi soochikayilaakki. 2015 vasanthakaalath catalogging padhathi poorthiyaayathinushesham, arkkaivinte holdingukal autographukalkkum swathukkalkkumulla calliope union kaattalogil poornnamaayum pattikappedutthiyittundu.

