
caravagisty

pathinaram noottaandinte avasaanathil itaaliyan barok chithrakaaranaaya kaaravaagiyoyude shailiyilulla anuyayikalaayirunnu caravagsity (allengil "caravagusk"). oduvil perumaattareethikalil ninnu uyarnnuvanna puthiya barok shailiyil addehathinte swaadheenam aazhameriyathaayirunnu. mattu mikka chithrakaaranmaareyum pole caravagio orikkalum oru workshop sthaapichittilla, athinaal thante saankethikavidyakal pracharippikkan oru school illaayirunnu. kalayodulla thante adisthaana daarshanika sameepanam, nilanilkkunna thante kruthikalilninnu maathram oohikkaavunna manashaasthraparamaaya yaadhaarthyam addeham orikkalum vyakthamakkiyittilla. ennaal rubens, jusep dii ribera, bernini, rembrand ennivayude srishtikalil ithu neritto allaatheyo kaanaan kazhiyum. jeevichirunnappol prashasthanaaya caravagio maranashesham eathaandu udan thanne marannu. 1990 vare dutch chithrakaaranaaya jeritt vaan honthorstinte 'dhaa taking oof kraist' polulla addehathinte niravadhi paintingukal addehathinte anuyaayikalkk punarnirmikkappettu.
irupathaam noottaandil maathramaan paashchaathya kalayude vikasanathinu kaaravaagiyoyude praadhaanyam veendum kandethiyathu. 1920kalil roberto longhi addehathe orikkalkkoodi europian paarambaryatthil ulppeduthi "ribera, vermeer, laa touur, rembrand enniva addehamillaathe nilanilkkillaayirunnu. delacroics, corbett, maanett ennivayude kala thikachum vyathyasthamaayirunnirikkan ". swaadheenamulla bernard berenson prasthaavichu "michelanchalo ozhike mattoru itaaliyan chitrakaaranum ithrayum valia swaadheenam cheluthiyittilla."
itaaliyan.
roome.
1590kalude avasaanathilum 1600kalude thudakkathilum romile janapreethiyude unnathiyilethiyappol, kaaravaagiyoyude naadakeeyamaaya puthiya shaili roman kalaa lokathile addehathinte samapraayakkaare swaadheenichu. aadyathe kaaravagisttiyil marrio minnitti, jiovanni baagliyon (addehathinte caravagio ghattam hraswakaalamaayirunnuvenkum), leonello spada, orassio jentileshi enniva ulppedunnu. adutha thalamurayil carlo saraseni, bartolomio manfreddy, orassio borgiani ennivarum choothaattakkaarude yajamananeppolulla anjjaatha gurukkanmaarum undaayirunnu. jentileshi, ganyamaayi praayamaayirunnittum, 1620 nuu sesham jeevicha eee kalakaaranmaaril oraalaayirunnu, englandile chaals onnaamante kottara chithrakaaranaayi. addehathinte makal artemisia gentileshiyum kaaravaagiyoyumaayi aduppathilaayirunnu, koodaathe "judith holofernessine kollunnu" enna kruthi ulppede prasthaanatthile ettavum prathibhadhanaril oraalaayirunnu. ennittum, romilum italiyilum athu caravagio aayirunnilla, marichu uyarnna navothaanatthil ninnum lombard realisathil ninnumulla gadakangale samyojippicha annibal kaaraasiyude swaadheenamaayirunnu, athu aathyanthikamayi vijayichu. aanjalo caroselli, piyar francesco molla, tomasso salini, francesco booneri ennivaraanu romil sajeevamaaya mattu kalakaaranmaar. pradhaanamaayum romilum naplesilum giasinto brandy sajeevamaayirunnu. dutch chithrakaaranaaya david dii heine 1615 num 1622 num idayil romil sajeevamaayirunnu. bartolomio kavarosi romil sajeevamaayirunnu, ennaal 1617 muthal 1618-19 vare madridil jolie cheythu, speyinil caravagism pracharippikkunnathil oru punk vahichathayi vishwasikkappedunnu.
nepples.
1606 meyy maasathil ranussio tomasoniyude kolapaathakathinu sesham caravagio thalaykku vadhashikshayumaayi nepplesilekku oodippoyi. avidevechu addeham niravadhi commissionukal poortthiyaakki, avayil rund pradhaanappettath "japamalayude madona", "karunayude ezhu kruthikal" ennivayaanu. addehathinte srishtikal praadeshika kalakaaranmaaril aazhathilulla swaadheenam cheluthukayum napplesile addehathinte hraswakaala thamasam baattistello caraciolo, bernardo cavalino, carlo cellito, massimo staansiyon, francesco gwarino, maattiya pretti, andrea vacaro, siser franzano, antonio dii bellis ennivayulppede neopolitan kaaravaagistiyude sradheyamaaya oru vidyaalayam srishtikkukayum cheythu. pradhaanamaayum romilum naplesilum giasinto brandy sajeevamaayirunnu. 1656ll bhayanakamaaya playg pottippurappettathode avidatthe karavagi prasthaanam avasaanichu, ennaal aaa samayat nepples speyininte kaivashamaayirunnu, koodaathe kaaravaagisatthinte swaadheenam ithinakam avide vyaapichirunnu.
vadakkan itali.
marco antonio baasetti 1616ll romilethiyathaayi ariyappedunnu, rund varsham munbu avide athiyathaakaam. romil addeham caravagio, orassio borgiani ennivarude paintingukalude swaadheenathil vannu. veronayilekku madangiyethiya addeham oru sent peyint varachu. peettarum vishudharum saan tomasso pallikkum kanyakayude kireedadhaaranatthinum saant anastheshyaykkum. 1630ll veronayile playg baadhichu addeham marichu.
genova pinneedu venesilum janichathum pradhaanamaayum sajeevavumaaya bernardo strossy, veneeshyan barok shailiyude pradhana sthaapakanaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. 1620-kalil strossy kramena thante aadyakaala perumattareethi upekshichu karavagiyoyudeyum anuyaayikaludeyum srishtikalil ninnu uruthirinja oru puthiya prakrithivaadatthinte savisheshathayulla kooduthal vyakthiparamaaya shailikk anukoolamaayi. domenico fiazella, romil ninnu madangiyethiya sesham, koodaathe nagaratthil jolie cheythirunna kaaravaagiyoyude anuyaayikal ennivar chernnaanu kaaravaagist shailiyilulla painting genovayilekku konduvannathu.
itaaliyan chithrakaaranaaya biaggio mansoni fenzayil sajeevamaayirunnu. rejio emiliyayil ninnulla itaaliyan chithrakaaran bartolomio shedoni, milaanil ninnulla danielle crespie, luca cambioso ennum ariyappedunna luca cambiosi, pathinaram noottaandile genovayile pramukha kalakaaranaaya luca kangiagio ennivar irunda pashchaathalatthil sajjeekarichirikkunna thilangunna roopangal palappozhum chithreekarichu. piyasensayil sajeevamaaya felis boselli thante nischalajeevithathinaayi kontraast karavagi lighting upayogichu. tansio daa varallo (allengil lalithamaayi ill tansio) pradhaanamaayum lombardyilum peedmondilum sajeevamaayirunnu, varallo sesiyayile sacro monde ulppede, avide addeham piyar francesco masuchelli (ill moraason) yumayi samakaalikamaayi pravarthichu. itaaliyan chitrakaaranum kothupanikkaaranumaaya bernardino meyy thante janmanaadaaya siyenayilum romilum jolie cheyyukayum ellaattinumupariyaayi chiggy kudumbatthil rakshaakarthruthvam kandethukayum cheythu.
central itali.
lukkayil janicha pietro richiyum (allengil ill luchezino) irunda pashchaathalatthil sajjeekarichirikkunna thilangunna roopangal chithreekarichirikkunnu (sent kaanuka. sebaastyan).
sisili.
1606 nuu sesham sisiliyil sajeevamaaya oru itaaliyan kalakaaranaayirunnu marrio minnitti. 16-aamm vayassil addeham kaaravaagiyoyude "oru kotta pazhamulla payyan" enna paintinginu polum poses cheythu.
flummish.
caravagio swaadheenicha aadyathe flemish kalakaaranmaaril oralaayirikkaam rubens. <aii. dii. 1> kaalaghattatthil rubens italiyil thaamasichirunnu. addeham duke vincenso iii gonsagayude kottaaratthile manduvayil sthirathaamasamaakkiyenkilum romilum samayam chelavazhichu. 1601ll romil thaamasikkumbol addeham kaaravaagiyoyude srishtikalekkurichu parichayapettu. pinneedu addeham kaaravaagiyoyude "kristhuvinte shavakudeerathinte" oru pakarpp nirmmikkukayum thante rakshaadhikaariyaaya manduva prabhuvine "kanyakayude maranam" (lauvre) vaangaan shupaarsha cheyyukayum cheythu. aant verpilekku madangiyethiya sesham rubens sent kaaravaagiyoyude "madona oof dhaa rosari" (kunsthistoristis museum, vienna) swanthamaakki. aant verppile polinte palli. italiyile thaamasakaalathu rubens kaaravaagiyoyude kruthikalodulla thaalparyam vipuleekarichu, 1606-leeii "athaazham milaanile emmousil" (pinakoteka dii brera), 1600-leeii "sent maatteevinte vilii", athupole thanne vallichella santa mariayileyum santgostinoyude basilicayileyum ettavum puthiya kruthikalum ulppeduthi. kaaravaagiyoyodulla eee thaalparyam addehathinte itaaliyan vasathiyile chithrangalil prathifalikkunnundenkum, 1608-ll addeham aantverppilekk madangiyethiyathinushesham maathramaan addehathinte kruthikal "(1608-1609) (courtould instittyoott oof art) polulla caravagjesk swabhaavasavisheshathakal parasyamaayi kaanikkunnath. ennirunnaalum, rubansinte joliyil kaaravaagiyoyude swaadheenam rafale, corregio, baroki, venesians ennivare apekshichu kuravaayirikkum. peettar vaan moll, gaspar dii crair, villem jacob herrins thudangiya rubens swaadheenicha kalakaaranmaar chila kadutha yaadhaarthyavum karavagi stailil saadhaaranamaaya prakaashatthinteyum nizhalinteyum sakthamaaya vairudhyangalum upayogichu.
italiyilekku (1597 muthal 1602 vare) yaatra cheytha mattoru flemish chithrakaaranaayirunnu rubensinte samakalikanaaya ebraham jansense, avide addeham kaaravaagiyoyude srishtiyumaayi parichayapettu. aantverppilekk madangiyethiya sesham addehathinte pravartthanangal kaaravaagiyoyude swaadheenam kaanikkunnu. 1609-leeii rachana "kaaravaagiyoyude thudakkathilennapole prakaashatthinteyum nizhalinteyum (cheoroscuro) sakthamaaya vairudhyangalude upayogathil ninnaan athinte avishkaara shakti labhikkunnath.
1620kalil kalaa ramgathekku vanna rubensinu sheshamulla thalamurayil ninnulla flemish kalakaaranmaaraanu pradhaanamaayum kaaravaagiyoyude swaadheenathil. 1620 muthal 1640 vare flandezhsil kaaravaagist abhinivesham undaayirunnuvennu parayaam. kalakaaranmaare palappozhum ghent karavagitti ennum avar pradhaanamaayum sajeevamaayirunna nagarathinu sesham aant verp karavagitti ennum vilikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee rund chalanangalum thammil vyakthigathamaayathallathe vyakthamaaya shailiyilulla vyathyasangalonnumilla. ghent kaaravaagstikalil jaann jansense, melchiyor dii laa maars, aantoon vaan denne heuvel enniva ulppeduthaam. flaandezhsinte pramukha kalaa kendramenna nilayil eee nagaratthinte praadhaanyatthe prathifalippikkunna aant verp kaaravaagstiyude pattika valare dairkhyameriyathaanu. theodoor rombouttukal, jerard seggers, jaann kosiyezhs, aadam dii koosttar, jackwus dii laang, jaann vaan dallen enniva avayil ulppedunnu. broojukalil, jacob vaan oostt varacha chithrangalum charithrachithrangalum addeham romil padicha karavagiyoyudeyum manfreddy srishtikalude swaadheenam kaanikkunnu. chila flemish kaaravaagstikal italiyilekku avarude janmadesham upekshichu, avide avar karavagiyoyudeyum anuyaayikaludeyum joliyil swaadheenikkappedukayum orikkalum veettilekku madangaathirikkukayum cheythu. nepplesilum romilum thaamasicha sesham thante kariyarinte bhooribhaagavum fraansil chelavazhicha bragesukalude luis finsante kaaryamaanith. oru pravasi flemish kaaravaagisttinte mattoru udaaharanam, thante jeevithavum currier bhooribhaagavum spanish chithrakaaranaaya jusep dii riberayude swaadheenathil caravigist shailiyil varacha naplesil chelavazhicha lokaren allengil lokristiyile hendrick dii somaraanu.
eee kalakaaranmaaril bhooribhaagavum pothuvaayi pankuvacha kaaryam avar itali sandarshichirikkaam, avide avarkk kaaravaagiyoyudeyo itaaliyan, dutch anuyaayikaludeyo srishtikalumaayi nerittu sanbarkkam undaayirunnu ennathaanu. naadakeeyamaaya prakasha efakttukaludeyum avishkaara aamgyangaludeyum upayogathilum card shaarppukal, fortune tellarukal, sent peettarinte nishedham thudangiya puthiya vishayangalilum karavagiyoyudeyum anuyaayikaludeyum swaadheenam kaanaan kazhiyum. chila kalakaaranmaar kaaravaagiyoyude pravartthanatthinte chila vashangalil shradha kendreekarichu. udaaharanathinu, adam dii kosttarine "pictor nooktiyam" (raathrikalude chithrakaaran) ennu vilichirunnu, kaaranam starkk cheoroscuroyude upayogathinum oru mezhukuthiri kondu prakaashippicha pakuthi neelamulla roopangalude aavarthichulla roopathinum addeham munganana nalki.
eee kalakaaranmaaril palarum, athaayath rombouttukal, cossiermar, segarukal ennivar pinneedu kaaravaagist sailiyum vishayavasthukkalum karsanamaayi paalikkunnath upekshichu pathinezhaam noottaandil, athaayath, flemish kalayil ithrayadhikam swaadheenam cheluthiya pazhaya thalamurayile flemish kalakaaranmaarude swaadheenathil palappozhum vyathyastha dishakalilekku kadannupoyi.iii. rubans vaan dike.
dutch.
pathinezhaam noottaandinte aadya moonnu pathittaandukalil, dutch republicile utrekt nagaratthil ninnulla chila catholica kalakaaranmaar romilek yaatra cheythu, avide karavagiyoyudeyum anuyaayikaludeyum pravarthanangalaal aazhathil swaadheenikkappettu. eee kalakaaranmaaril aadyam athiyathu hendrick terr brugan (1607-ll italiyil aadyamaayi record cheyyappettathu), thudarnnu jeritt vaan honthorst, dirk vaan baburen, jaann vaan bijlert ennivaraayirunnu. utrechilekku madangiyethiyappol, avarude caravagjesk kruthikal karavagiyoyudeyum kaaravaagiyoyude itaaliyan anuyaayikaludeyum kruthikalil ninnu shailiyilum vishayathilum parokshamaayi prachodanam ulkkonda hraswakaalavum ennaal swaadheenamullathumaaya kalaasrishtikalude pookkalkku prachodanamaayi. eee shaili allengil chitrakala pinneedu utrekt caravagism ennu vilichirunnu. vaan baburinteyum terbruganteyum kaaryatthilennapole pradhana kalakaaranmaar marichatho vaan honthorstinte [[portrait painting]] lekkulla maattam pole shaili mariatho aaya 1630-ll utrekt kaaravaagisatthinte hrasvamaaya abhivridhi avasaanichu.|[[flemish barok painting] nalkia chhaayaachithravum charitra ramgangalum|[peettar pooll rubens] janapriyamaakkiya pravanathakal|rubens] addehathinte anuyaayikalum. adutha thalamurayil kaaravaagiyoyude phalangal, ksheenithamaanengilum, [[vermeer]], [[rembrand haarmensoon vaan rijna] ennivayude srishtikalil kaananakum.|rembrand], [[jeritt dau]] nte "nikhe paintingukal".
franch.
aadyathethu [france]|caravagio varshangalil romil studiyoyilekku vanna kalakaaranmaar [[jeane leclerk (chithrakaaran)] aayirunnu.|pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil saraseniyude keezhil padicha jeane leclerk]. 1613 muthal 1627 vare italiyil [[simoon voyatt]] vipulamaaya samayam chelavazhichu. addehathinte rakshaadhikaarikalil [[barberini kudumbam]], [[cassiano dall poso]], [[pavlo jiordano randaaman oorsini] enniva ulppedunnu.|pavlo jiordano oorsini], [[vincenso giustiniyaani]]. addeham italiyude mattu bhaagangalum sandarshichu [[venis]]; [[bologna]], (avide [[karasi]|kaarachi kudumbatthinu avarude akkadami undaayirunnu); [[genova], (1620 muthal 1622 vare addeham [[doria (kudumbam)] yill jolie cheythu.|doria rajakumaranmar]); koodaathe naples. thaan kanda karyangal addeham thante paintingil ulkkollukayum vaattiyedukkukayum cheythu kaaravaagiyoyude naadakeeyamaaya velicham; itaaliyan reethi; [[pavlo veronese]] kalar, [[dii sotto inn suu]] allengil munkootty soochippicha kaazhchappaad; [[annibal kaaraasiyude kala]|karasi], [[guersino]], [[jiovanni lanfranco]|lanfranco], [[guido renee]]. romile voyattinte vijayam 1624-ll [[academia dii saan luca]] yude presidentaayi thiranjedukkappedaan kaaranamaayi. romile vijayam undaayirunnittum, voyatt 1627-ll francilake madangi. voyattinte puthiya shaili itaaliyan aayirunnu, itaaliyan barok shaili francilake irakkumathi cheythu. puthiya shailiyil aakrishtaraaya mattu franch kalakaaranmaaril 1620 oode romil thaamasikkukayum pinneedu vovattinteyum pinneedu boulogness vidyaarthiyudeyum keezhil padikkukayum cheytha [[vaalantin dii boulogne]] ulppedunnu.
[[jorjas dii laa touur] thante kariyarinte thudakkathil italiyilekko netherlandilekko yaatra cheythathayi karuthappedunnu. addehathinte paintingukal kaaravaagiyoyude swaadheenathe prathifalippikkunnu, pakshe ithu orupakshe dutch "karavagi" yiloodeyum mattu vadakkan ([[franch kalakaaranmaarude pattika]] vazhiyum addehathil athichernnu.|franch], [dutch chithrakaaranmaarude pattika]|dutch]]) samakaalikar. prathyekichum, laa toorine palappozhum dutch [[hendrick terbrugan]] maayi thaarathamyam cheiyunnu. ludovicus phinsonius ennum ariyappedunna [[luis finson]] fraansilum jolie cheythirunna oru flemish barok chithrakaaranaayirunnu.
spanish.
[[[spanish suvarnna kaalaghattatthile] aadya anuyaayikalil oralaayi francisco rebalta] maari.|[tenebrisathinte] spain|tenebrist] stail. pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil thanne spain athinte napples kanakshan vazhi ithinakam thanne karavagisim baadhichirikkaamenkilum, kaaravaagiyoyude sailiye pinthudarunna niravadhi aalukal undaayirunna [[roome]] allengil [[napples]] addeham nerittu sandarshichittundo ennu vyakthamalla. addehathinte makan [[juvan rebalta]], [[visent castello]], [[[jusep dii ribera]] ennivar addehathinte shishyanmarayirunnuvennu parayappedunnu, ennirunnaalum italiyilekku maariyappol ribera thante tenebrism nediyirikkaan saadhyathayund. eee shaili speyinil niravadhi anuyaayikale aakarshichu, koodaathe barok allengil [[suvarnnakaalakhattam]] spanish chithrakaaranmaare, prathyekichu [[surbaran]], [[daigo velasquez] ennivare swaadheenikkuka ennathaayirunnu.|velasquez], [bartolome estebaan murillo]|murillo]. speyinile nischalajeevithatthinte kala polum, [[bodegon]] palappozhum samanamaaya kadinavum karkkashavumaaya shailiyil varachirunnu. [[orassio borgiani]] speyinil oru itaaliyan akkadami oof painting aarambikkunnathinulla oru nivedanathil oppidukayum valladolidile konvento dii portacolicaayi onpathu paintingukalude oru parambara nadappilaakkukayum cheythu, avide avaa avasheshikkunnu. [[jiovanni baattista cressency]] oru itaaliyan chitrakaaranum aadyakaala barok kaalaghattatthile vaasthushilpiyumaayirunnu, romilum speyinilum sajeevamaayirunnu, avide addeham ell escorialil spanish rajaakkanmaarude paanthiyon alankarikkaan sahayichu. pooll anchaaman maarppaappayude bharanakaalathu oru kalakaranenna nilayil addeham prashasthiyilekku uyarnnuvenkilum 1617 aayappozhekkum addeham madridilekku thamasam maarukayum 1620 muthal ell escorialil sajeevamaavukayum cheythu. speyinile philipp moonnaaman addehathinu marshes dii laa torre, naitt oof santiago enna padavi nalki aadarichu. addehathinte sishyan [[bartolomio kavarosi]] speyinil 1617-19 sajeevamaayirunnu.
baahya linkukal.
[[vargamkaravagsi| ]]
[[vargamkaravaagiyo]]
[[vargamkala prasthaanangal]]
[[varggamittaaliyan barok]]
[[varggamdachu chitrakalayile kalaa prasthaanangal]]
[[varggamittaaliyan barok chithrakaaranmaar]]

