dentate nucleus

dentate nucleus ennathu kendra naadeevyavasthayile neuronukalude allengil naadi koshangalude oru koottamaanu, athinu pallukal poleyo nakham ullatho aaya oru dentate edju undu. oro cerebeller ardhagolathinteyum aazhathilulla velutha dravyathinullil sthithi cheiyunna ithu seribellathe thalachorinte backie bhagangalumaayi bandhippikkunna ettavum valia gadanayaanu. naalu jody aazhathilulla cerebellar nucleusukalil ettavum valuthum ettavum paarshwabhaagathullathumaanu ithu, allengil madhyarekhayil ninnu ettavum akaleyaan, mattullava globos, embolifom nucleus ennivayaanu, avaye interposed nucleus ennum faastijiyal nucleus ennum vilikkunnu. swamedhayaa ulla chalanangalude aasoothranam, arambham, niyanthranam ennivaykku dentate nucleus utharavaadiyaanu. dentate nucleusinte dorsal mekhalayil motor functionil ulppedunna outtputtu chaanalukal adangiyirikkunnu, ithu asthikooda peshikalude chalanamaanu, athesamayam ventral mekhalayil bodhapoorvamaaya chintha, visospatial function thudangiya nonmottar functionil ulppedunna outtputtu chaanalukal adangiyirikkunnu.
vikasanam.
gairi (cerebral courtexile ridjukal), salsi (cerebral courtexile romangal allengil groovukal) ennivayulla dentate nucleus valare churundathaanu. garbhasthashishuvinte dentettile vipulamaaya valarchayude nirnaayaka kaalaghattavumaayi yojichathaan athinte roopeekaranam. garbhaavasthayude 11-12 aazhchakalkkullil thanne cerebellar velutha dravyathil dentate nucleus drishyamaakunnu, athil minusamarnna paarshwabhaagavum (vashathekku (kall) allengil madhyarekhayil ninnu akale) madhyabhagavum (madhyarekhayilekku) uparithalangal maathrame adangiyittulloo. eee samayat, dentate nucleusinte neuronukal aakruthiyilum roopathilum samaanamaan, pradhaanamaayum bipolar koshangalaan.
garbhaavasthayude 22-28 aazhchakalil, ithu dentate nucleusinte garbhapindatthinte vikasanathile nirnaayaka kaalaghattamaanu, gyral roopeekaranam muzhuvan uparithalathilum vyaapakamaayi sambhavikkunnu. ivide, neuronukal vividha tharatthilulla multy pollar koshangalayi parinamikkunnu, ettavum saadhaaranamaaya neuronal tharangal idatharam muthal valia neuronukalaanu.
ghadana.
sthalam.
seribellathinte vaasthuvidyaykku oru christalinte gadanayodu saamyamulla oru roopamundu, athinaal seribellathil evideyengilum oru slies aavarthichulla vaasthuvidya nalkunnu. oro cerebellar ardhagolathinteyum aazhathilulla velutha dravyathinullil sthithi cheiyunna ettu cerebellar nucleusukale jodikalaayi tharamthirickunnu, rund ardhagolangalil oronnilum oro jody veethamundu. tissuevinte oru bhagam enna nilayil, cerebeller courtexulla dentate nucleus cerebroserebellum enna pravartthana yoonit undaakkunnu. athinaal, dentate nucleusumaayi maathram ashayavinimayam nadathunna seribellathinte oru bhagamundu.
aazhathilulla cerebellar nucleus.
aazhathilulla cerebellar nucleusukalkku cerebellar courtexil ninnu purkinje koshangal vazhi inhibition roopathil anthima outtputtu labhikkunnu. purkinje koshangalil ninnu nirantharamaaya nirodhanam undaayirunnittum cerebellar nucleusile neuronukal swaabhaavika pravartthana saadhyathakal srishtikkunnu. cerebellar nucleusukalkku thaazhnna olivu, laattaral rettikulaar nucleus, upper servical, lumber sushumna vibhagangal, pontin nucleus ennivayil ninnu afarant projectionukal labhikkunnu. aazhathilulla cerebellar nucleusukal orumichu cerebellar outtputtu vazhi cerebellar courtexinte feedback niyanthranam nalkunna oru pravartthana yoonit roopappeduthunnu.
roopaghadana.
dentate nucleus valare churungiyathaanu, ithu dorsal (motor), ventral (nonmottar) domainukalaayi thirikkam. valia kurangukale apekshichu manushyaril ventral pakuthi valare kooduthal vikasippicheduthittundu, ithu fiber kanakshanil oru pradhana punk vahikkunnathayi thonnunnu. koodaathe, ventral domaine bhasha, cognision thudangiya uyarnna cerebellar pravartthanangalum vaividyamaarnnathum ekopithavumaaya viral chalanavum madhyasthamaakkunnu. ventral mekhala parinaama kaalaparidhiyil ettavum puthiyathaanennu pothuve amgeekarikkappedunnumdum, nilavile trimana imaging eee anumaanathekkurichu chodyangal uyarthunnu, kaaranam oru moonnaam akshamaya rostrocadal axis ippol vishakalanam cheyyaan kazhiyum. koodaathe, cognitive functionanusarichu valippam vardhikkukayaanenkil pravachikkappedunnathupo, ventral mekhala manushyarude dorsal mekhalayekkaal shaareerikamaayi valuthallennu nilavile chithrangal kaanikkunnu.
muthirnnavarude dentettile neuronukale valippam, roopaghadana, pravartthanam ennivayude adisthaanathil valia pradhana, cheria praadeshika surcuted neuronukalaayi thirichirikkunnu.
valia pradhana neuronukal.
dentettinullile sthaanam, somayude (kosasareeram) aakruthi, dendritik branching enniva anusarichu valia pradhana neuronukale naalu praadhamika tharangalayi tharamthirichittundu. dentate nucleus cerebellar courtex thammilulla aashayavinimayathin eee neuronukal utharavaadikalaanu.
cheria local surcuted neuronukal.
cheria local surcuted neuronukalil dentettinullil adangiyirikkunna signalling pathakal ulppedunnu. eee neuronukal dentettinodu prathikaranam nalkukayum signalinginte mikacha niyanthranam anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnu. nilavil, eee neuronukalude nirddishta aakruthiyeyum pankineyum kurichu kurachu gaveshanangal maathrame nadannittulloo, kaaranam dentate nucleus praadhamikamaayi valia pradhana neuronukalaal nirmmithamaan.
pravartthanam.
pravachanangal.
dentettil shareeraghadanayude adisthaanathil vyathyasthavum pravartthanaparamaayi vyathyasthavumaya motor, nonmottar domainukal (yathaakramam dorsal, ventral) adangiyirikkunnu, koodaathe dentate nucleusil ninnu ventrolaattal thaalamasile vyathyastha pradeshangalilekku projectionukal krameekarichirikkunnu. koodaathe, dentate projakttinte dorsal bhagangal cerebral courtexinte praadhamika motor, premoter mekhalakalilekkum dentate projakttinte ventral bhagangal cerebral courtexinte prefrondal, posteeriyar paariyettal pradeshangalilekkum. motor, nonmottar domainukal yathaakramam dentettinte ekadesham <aii. dii. 1> sathamaanavum 20 sathamaanavum varum. manushyante danthangalude anupatham thaarathamyappeduthaavunnathu kanakkaakkappedunnu. dentate project lakshyamidunna ellah cerebral courtical pradeshangalum seribellathil puranthallunna moolakangaliloode pontin nucleusilekku thirichupokunnu, koodaathe seribellathilekku prakshepanam cheyyaatha courtical pradeshangalum dentate aouttputtinte lakshyamalla.
dentettinte dorsal bhaagathe motor domainil chalanatthinte ulppaadanavum niyanthranavum niyanthrikkunna outtputtu chaanalukalum frondall lobile premoter pradeshangale ulavaakkunna neuronukalum adangiyirikkunnu. 
nonmottar domainil cognision, visospatial function ennivayil ulppedunna outtputtu chaanalukal adangiyirikkunnu, koodaathe eee pradeshathinullile prefrondal, posteeriyar paariyettal courtical pradeshangalilekkulla pravachanangal cheria ovarlaappulla vyathyastha pradesangalaayi klasttar cheythirikkunnu. hraswakaala pravartthana memory, niyamam adisthaanamaakkiyulla patanam, uyarnna executive function polulla aasoothranam enniva ulppedunna jolikalil eee mekhalakal sajeevamaan. dentettinte ventral vasham vivarangal shekharikkunnathil ulppettittundennu theliyikkappettilettum, athu nilanirthunnathilum sambharanathilum ulppettittundo ennu vyakthamalla.
vazhikal.
dentettu nucleusil ninnu ventrolaattal thaalamasilekkulla nerittulla, pinbhaagathe, munbhaagathe root ulppede moonnu vyathyastha vazhikalundu. nerittu pookunna paatha thalamasin keezhil aantarolaattal dishayiloode kadannupokukayum ventral bhaagath ninnu praveshikkukayum cheiyunnu. pinn paatha pinthudarunna axonukal thaalamasinte pinbhaagathulla madhyarekhayil ninnu dorsali thirinj vividha sthaanangalil ninnu thaalamasilekk praveshikkunnu. muun paatha pinthudarunna axonukal sabthalaamasil paarshwabhaagatthukoodi kadannupokukayum baahya medullary laminayilekku praveshikkukayum cheiyunnu. laminaykkullil, naarukal pinbhaagathekku thiriyukayum thaalamasinte dorsal vashathekku praveshikkukayum cheiyunnu. athinaal, eee vividha paathakalude falamaayi, dentate nucleusinte neuronukalkku midu line, antrior nuclear grouppukal ozhikeyulla ellah thalamic nucleukaliloodeyum kadannupokaan kazhiyum.
dentate nucleus axonukal vyathichalikkunnatho othucherunnatho aakam. thikachum vyathyastha aaksonukalil ninnu uthbhavich vyathyastha roottukal kadannupokunna, ennittum ore terminal feeldil ovarlaappu cheiyunna shaakhakal kanverjant shaakhakalil ulppedunnu. vyathyastha pathakal ore axonil ninnu uthbhavikkunnu, pakshe vyathyastha roottukalil sanjarikkukayum vyathyastha terminal feeldukal lakshyamidukayum cheiyunnu. dentate nucleus thalamas thammil pooyint-tuu-pooyint connectivity nireekshikkappettillettim, orotta dentate saittum thaalamasile niravadhi shareerabhaagangalude praathinidyangalum thammil pree-wired connectivity undennu vishwasikkappedunnu.
propreoception, nossiseption, soomatik inputt ennivayulppede seribellathinu moonnu reethikal labhikkunnu, ivayellaam dentate nucleusine uthejippikkunnu. dentate nucleus kooduthalum phine chalanam aasoothranam cheiyunnathinum nadappilaakkunnathinum utharavaadiyaanu. eathoru motor function censory vivarangal aavasyamullathinaal, dentate nucleus eee censory vivarangal sweekarikkukayum modulate cheyyukayum cheiyunnuvennu anumanikkaam, ennirunnaalum ithinte nirddishta samvidaanam avyakthamaayi thudarunnu. udaaharanathinu, oru vasthu uyarthunnathinu vasthuvinte valipavum athu evideyaanu sthithicheyyunnathu ennathupolulla censory inputt aavasyamaanu. dentate nucleusinte praadhamika punk chalanatthinte niyanthranamaanenkilum, censory prosessingilum ithu oru punk vahikkunnu.
vesham.
dentate nucleusinte punk rund adisthaana thathwangalil vivarikkaam 
swamedhayaa ulla chalanangalude aasoothranam, arambham, niyanthranam ennivaykku dentate nucleus utharavaadiyaanu. dentettinte dorsal mekhalayil motor functionil ulppedunna outtputtu chaanalukal adangiyirikkunnu, athesamayam ventral mekhalayil cognision, visospatial function polulla nonmottar functionil ulppedunna outtputtu chaanalukal adangiyirikkunnu. dentate nucleus forbrainile motor, premoter mekhalakalilekku kamaandukalum vivarangalum ayaykkunnu.
klinikkal praadhaanyam.
metaboolik, janithaka, neuro degenerative disordezhsukalum chila anubaadhakalum ulppede niravadhi paatholajikkal prakriyakalil dentate nucleus ulppedunnu.
upapachayam sambandhamaaya vaikalyangal.
maple syrup moothra rogam (emsude): navajaathashishukkalil amino assid mettabolisatthinte paarambarya vaikalyamaaya emsude neurological degration undaakkunnu. dentate nucleus, braine stem, corticospinal tractukal ennivayulppede seribellathil mailin edema kaanapedunnu.
liie rogam klinikkal, paatholajikkal lakshanagal saadhaaranayaayi jeevithathinte aadya varshathil prathyakshappedunnu, athil psychomoter retardation braine stem disfungshion ulppedunnu. perikvidaktal gray maattar, braine stem, basel ganglia, dentate nucleus ennivayil ubhaykakshi samamiti vaikalyangal kaanapedunnu.
glutaric aciduria type 1 (gaa 1): oru autosomal resussive rogamaaya gaa 1 gluteril-coensime-oru dehydrogenase kuravu moolamaanu undaakunnath. basel ganglia dentate nucleusilum asaadhaaranathakal kaanapedunnu.
canavans rogam aspartoasailesinte kuravu moolamundaakunna oru velutha dravya rogamaanu canavans rogam. rogam purogamikkunnathu vaikunnathuvare dentate nucleusine baadikkilla.
vividha vaikalyangal.
neurophybromatosis type 1 (enf 1): enf 1 oru autosomal dominant neuro carutaneous disorderaanu. niravadhi tumourukalude vikaasamaan enf 1-nte mukhamudra. cerebellar vaitt maattar, dentate nucleus shathangal enniva saadhaaranayaayi patthu vayassinu thaazheyulla kuttikalil sambhavikkunnu.
langerhans sell hysteocytosis (ell. sii. echu): langerhans sell histiyosaittukalude vyaapanam moolamundaakunna oru aakramanathmaka rogamaanu ell. sii. echu., koodaathe 40 sathamaanam rogikalilum dentate nucleus ulppettirikkunnuvennu vishwasikkappedunnu.
myoclonasinoppam alsheimer rogam (AD): valia neuronukalude sharashari alavil vardhanavum myoclonasinoppam dentate nucleusile cheria neuronukalude sharashari alavil kuravum undu. dentate nucleusile roopaghadanayile mattangal AD-leeii myoclonasinte paatholajikkal substratinu kaaranamakum.

