
lanham act

lanham (vyaapaaramudra) niyamam (, et secq-ll krodeekarichirikkunnu. () yunaittad stetsile praadhamika federal vyaapaaramudra niyamamaan. mattoru vidhathil paranjaal, federal thalatthil yunaittad stetts vyaapaaramudra niyamatthinte praadhamika niyamaparamaaya aditharayaanu eee niyamam. vyaapaaramudra lamghanam, vyaapaaramudra durbalappedutthal, thettaaya parasyam cheyyal ennivayulppede niravadhi pravartthanangal eee niyamam nirodhikkunnu.
charithram.
prathinidhi fritts jii. yude perilaanu ithu ariyappedunnathu. texasile lanham, 1946 juulai 5 nuu eee niyamam pasakkukayum president haari truman niyamathil oppidukayum cheythu, 1947 juulai 6 nuu praabalyatthil vannu, "athinte niyamam praabalyatthil vannu oru varsham". apoorva saahacharyangalil, lanham niyamam praabalyatthil varunnathinu munbu muthal upayogichirunna vyaapaaramudrakal thammil oru samgharsham uyarnnuvarum, angane lanham niyamathinu munbu nilaninnirunna vyaapaaramudra niyamamanusarichu tharkkam parisodhikkaan kodathikal aavasyappedum.
niyamam praabalyatthil vannathinushesham niravadhi thavana bhedagathi cheythittundu. 1984 leeii vyaapaaramudra vyaajarekha niyamam athinte swaadheenam ganyamaayi vardhippichu, ithu vyaja vyaapaaramudrayude manahpoorvamaaya upayogathiyo vyaja vyaapaaramudrayude anadhikritha upayogamo yunaittad stetts kodinte 18-aamm thalakkettin keezhilulla kuttakrithyamaakki, koodaathe "ex parte" pidichedukkalukaliloode moonniratti laabhamo naashanashtangalo (eathaanu kooduthal) nalkunnathiloodeyum mechappetta nadappaakkal pariharangal.
1999ll aanti cybersquating upabhokthru samrakshana niyamam cherkkukayum bhedagathi cheyyukayum cheythu.
sivil enfozhsment.
niyamathile 42,43 vakuppukal (ippol ariyappedunnathu) oru vyaapaaramudra lamghikkappedumbol thedaam pariharangal vyakthamaakkunnu. eee vyavasthakal rajisttar cheytha vyaapaaramudrakal lamghikkunna charakkukalude irakkumathi nirodhikkukayum, utharavukalum naashanashtangalum upayogikkunnathiloode thettaaya vivaranangaludeyum vyaapaaramudra durbalappeduthalinteyum upayogam niyanthrikkukayum cheiyunnu.
§43 (eiii) () ennathu rajisttar cheyyaatha vyaapaaramudrayudeyo vyapara vasthrathinteyo lamghanathinulla "aashayakkuzhappathinulla saadhyatha" maanadandamaanu, kodathikal ippozhum eee vyavasthaye "sekshan 43 (eiii)" ennu paraamarsikkunnu
 thettaayatho thettidharippikkunnatho aaya prasthavanakal oru upabhokthaavineyo bisinasineyo vedanippichuvennu aaropikkappedumbol ithu palappozhum upayogikkunnu. vaanijyathil thettaayatho thettidharippikkunnatho aaya prasthavana nadathiyittundennum prasthavana paraathikkaaran dosham varuthanulla saadhyatha srishtikkunnuvennum avakaashavaadakan theliyikkanam.
 thettaayatho thettidharippikkunnatho aaya prasthavanakal oru bisinassine vedanippichuvennu aaropikkappedumbol ithu palappozhum upayogikkunnu.
niyamashaasthram.
eee niyamam deshavirudhamaaya swaadheenam cheluthunnuvennu vilayiruthappedunnu, koodaathe surcuted kodathikal athinte vyaapthi vipuleekarikkunnathil kooduthal anukoolamaaya vyaakhyaanangal nalkunnu. randaamathe sarkyuttinaayulla yunaittad stetts appeel kodathi vyaakhyaanichathupole, yunaittad stetsile supreme kodathiyude yadhaartha vidhi, niyamam baadhakamaano ennu nirnnayikkunnathil moonnu bhaagangalulla oru parishodhanayekkurichu pariganikkunnu (kuranjathu rund gadakangalenkilum paalikkendathundu):
vyaapaaramudrayude lamghanam enthaanennathinu lanham niyamam vyakthamaaya maanadandangal vyakthamaakkunnundenkum, thudarnnulla kodathi theerumaanangal, prathyekichu internettu ulppedunnava, karsanamaaya niyanthranangal laghookarichu.
2003ll yuu.ezz. dastar korppareshan' leeii pothupravartthanangalil niyamam oru swaadheenavum cheluthunnillennu supreme kodathi vidhichu. vii. irupathaam noottaandile phoox philim korppareshan."
2014ll, aarkkaan cases nalkaan kazhiyuka ennathinekkurichu surcuted kodathikal sweekaricha vividha vyaakhyaanangal "lexmark intal vii" enna kesil kodathi ozhivaakki. staatik kantrol gadakangal, "neethi scalia oru multy-steppu sameepanam sweekarichirikkunnu
2014ll yuu.ezz. poom vantreyil ellc vii. yill supreme kodathi vidhichu. kokkakola kambani."niyamam bhakshanam, marunnu, soundaryavardhaka niyamam ennivaykku poorakamaanennum ithu oru kambaniye sivil nadapadiyiloode lamghanathinu kesedukkaan anuvadikkunnuvennum.
2017ll "maattal vii. ennaal, "oru vyakthiyeyo groupineo apamanikkunnathaayi kaanapedunna eathenkilum vyaapaaramudrakalkku rajistreshan nishedhikkunna niyamathile oru vyavastha, apekshakarude abhipraaya swaathanthryathinte bharanaghadanaa virudhamaaya niyanthranamaanennu supreme kodathi vidhichu.
2019 ll "ianku vii. niyamathile oru vyavastha, adhaarmikamo apakeerthikaramo aaya karyangal ulkkollunnathayi kaanapedunna eathenkilum vyaapaaramudrakalkku rajistreshan nishedhikkunnathu, apekshakarude abhipraaya swaathanthryathinte bharanaghadanaa virudhamaaya niyanthranamaanennu supreme kodathi vidhichu.
vibhagangal.
yunaittad stetts codil, eee niyamathe naalu upavibhagangalaayi thirichirikkunnu
vyaapaaramudra rajisttarukal.
principal rajisttaril oru rajistreshan labhikkunnathin oru maarkk paalikkenda aavasyakathakal upa-adhyayam I vyakthamaakkunnu, ithu mattullavar avarude maarkk lamghikkunnathu thadayunnathinu vyaapaaramudra udamaykku vividha avakashangal nalkunnu. nilavilulla maarkkukalkk samaanamaayi aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunna, pothuvaayatho kevalam vivaranaathmakamo, apakeerthikaramo adhaarmikamo aaya allengil mattu chila nirodhitha vibhagangalil pedunna maarkk rajisttar cheiyunnathinulla nirodanangalaanu aavasyakathakalil ulppedunnathu. sub chaapttar I, rajistreshan kazhinju anchu varshathinusesham thudarchayaaya upayogathinte sathyavaangmoolam samarppikkunnath polulla chila nadapadikrama aavashyakathakalum vyakthamaakkunnu.
randaam upa adhyayam anubandha rajisttaril oru rajistreshan phoom nalkunnu, upa adhyayam I prakaram rajisttar cheyyaan kazhiyaatha chila maarkkukalkk, ennaal bhaviyil registrable aakam, udaaharanathinu verum vivaranathmakamaayava. eee tharatthilulla rajistreshan, principal rajisttaril rajistreshante ellah samrakshanangalum nalkaathe, maarkk upayogathilundennu lamghikkaan saadhyathayullavarkk notice nalkukayum chila nadapadikramaparamaaya aanukoolyangal nalkukayum cheiyunnu.
kooduthal vaayana.
jenalukal
pusthakangal