
yukaaghir janatha

russian vidoora kizhakk kolima nadiyude thadatthil thamasikkunna oru cyberian vamseeya vibhagamaanu yukaakhirukal allengil yukaagirukal ().
bhoomishaasthraparamaaya vitharanam.
tundra yukaakhirukal sakha republicile thaazhnna kolima mekhalayilum, sakha republicile mukalile kolima mekhalayilum magadaan oblaasttile srednekansky jillayilumaan thaamasikkunnath. pathinezhaam noottaandil russian kolanivalkkarana samayat, yukagir gothravibhagangal lena nadhi muthal anadyr nadiyude mukhabhaagam vareyulla pradeshangal kaivashappedutthi. pakarchavyaadhikal, aabhyanthara yudhangal, saarist colonial nayam enniva kaaranam 17-num 19-num idayil yukaakhirukalude ennam kuranju, athil nischalamaaya vettakkaaranum mathsyathozhilaalikalumaaya anaulukalkkethiraaya vamshahathya ulppettirikkaam. chila yukaakhirukal yakuttukal, evens, russiakkaar ennivarumaayi layikkunnu.
nilavil, yukaagirukal sakha republicilum russian federationte chukodka svayambharana ookrugilumaanu thaamasikkunnath. 2002leeii sensus prakaram 1989leeii sensus prakaram 1,112 perr ayirunna avarude aake ennam 1,509 aayi uyarnnu.
ettavum puthiya 2001 leeii sensus prakaram ellah ukreniyan sensus prakaram 12 yookkaagirukal ukrainil thaamasikkunnu. avaril randuper maathramaan yukaaghirine thangalude maathrbhaashayaayi soochippichathu. baakkiyullavarkk (6) ithu russian bhashayum 1nuu ithu mattoru bhaashayumaan.
janithakashasthram.
janithakaparamayi, yukaakhirukal vaii-dna haplogrooppukalaaya enn1sii, kyu1, sii2 (munbu sii3) ennivayude ekadesham thulya aavruthikal pradarshippikkunnu. 
mattoru patanam anusarichu, 11 yukaaghir purushanmaaril 3 perr vaii-haplogroup enn1sii (yaakkoottukalil kaanappedunnathil ninnu vyathyasthamaaya subclade), mattu 4 perr-vaii-haplogroup sii2 (muun sii3; mikka bhaagathum, koriyakkukalil kaanapedunna athe subclade), onnu koodi-vaii-haplogroup oo, backie 3 perr vyakthamaaya russian janithaka swaadheenam prakadippikkunnu (vaii-haplogroup aarr1ayil ulppedunna rund vyakthikal, mattonn-vaii-haplogroup aii2eiii). mitocondrial dnaumayi bandhappett yukaakhirukalum chuchikalum thammil samaanathakalonnum padanatthil kandethiyilla.
upajaathiprasthaanangal.
orikkal yukaaghir groupaayi roopeekaricha 13 gothrangal wadul-alyse, odul, chuwan, anol, lavren, olyooben, omok, penjin, khodints, khoromoy, shoromboy, yandin, yandir ennivayaanu. 
nelemoyude odul, andrewshkinoyude wadul, anadyr nadeethadatthile chuwan ennivayaanu avasheshikkunna moonnu gothrangal. vamshanasham sambhavicha grouppukalil ettavum pradhaanappettava khodinttukal, anol (anadir nadeethadatthinte rund bhaagangalum), omok (chuvanu vadakku) ennivayaayirunnu. chilappol chuwan oru prathyeka gothramaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkam muthal chuvansi bhasha vamshanasham sambhavichu. 1989leeii 1,300ladhikam varggangale apekshichu 2002ll 1,087 perr chuwan vamshajaraayi svayam thiricharinju. vadulukal pradhaanamaayum kaandaamrigangalude valarthalil earppettirikkumbol odul (kogim) kooduthalum vettakkaaraan. tundra yukaaghir ennum vadulukal ariyappedunnu. odulukal taiga yukaaghir allengil kolima yukaaghir ennum ariyappedunnu. jarmman bhasha duchill ninnu vyathyasthamaayathupole vaadool, odul bhaashakalum vyathyasthamaan. randum vamshanaashathodu adukkukayaanu, vadulumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol odul valare durbalamaaya avasthayilaanu. 1989leeii sensus prakaram 700-ladhikam yukaakhirukale wadul ennum 400-ll thaazhe oodul ennum thiricharinju.
vadakkukizhakkan eshyayile ettavum pazhakkam chenna janangalil onnaanu yukaaghir. bikel thadaakam muthal artic samudram vareyulla oru valia pradeshathaanu avar aadyam thaamasichirunnathu. rashyakkarumaayulla aadya ettumuttal nadakkumbozhekkum, ekadesham 9,000 aalukalulla panthrand gothrangalaayi yukaaghir vibhajikkapettu. shaktan" ennartham varunna "odul" allengil "wadul" ennaanu yukagir vamsheeyanaamam.
1926 muthalulla ellah sensukalilum ganyamaaya ennam gothravargakkaar thangaletthanne yukaaghir ennu visheshippikkunnathinum anol, odul, wadul thudangiya gothravibhagangalumaayi svayam thirichariyunnundenkum yukaaghir thammilulla gothravibhagangal ippol mangukayaanu. soviyatt sarkkar eee pravanathaye sajeevamaayi niruthsaahappedutthi, ippol ettavum prayamaayavar maathrame eee reethiyil thirichariyunnulloo. 2002leeii sensus prakaram 1,509 yukaakhirukalil 51 ennam omok, 40 ennam alays, 21 ennam odul, 17 ennam wadul, 6 ennam khamgaitt, 4 ennam detkil enningane svayam thiricharinju.
vamshavyavastha.
oro vamshathinteyum thalavan "liggy shomarokh" ennu vilikkappedunna oru mooppanaayirunnu. jeevithathinte ellah mekhalakalilum addehamaayirunnu avasana vaakk. vettayaadal nethaakkal "khaamgiche" yum yudhanethaakkal "tonbayaa shomarokh" ("sakthanaaya manushyan") yum aayirunnu. sthreekalum kaumaarakkaarum purushanmarumaayi thulyamaayi samsaarichirunnu. samoohathinte aantharika jeevitam prayamaaya sthreekalude niyanthranathilaayirunnu. aaa kaaryangalile avarude theerumaanangal tharkkamillaathathaayirunnu.
ellah venalkkaalathinteyum thudakkathil ellah vamshangalum "sakhadsibe" utsavathinaayi othukoodi, avide paraspara yukagir chodyangal charcha cheyyappettu.
yakut-sakha republicil moonnu naadodi vipuleekritha kudumba samoohangalundu. nisnekolamsky jillayile chaila, verkhnekolamski jillayile tekki odulokku, ustt-yansky jillayile iangile ennivayaanu iva. i aanu ianugail-nte thala. aii. tomsky. maan vettayum malsyabandhanavumaanu samoohathinte pradhana pravartthanangal. moonnil ettavum valuthaanu chaila. athinte thala ezz aanu. aii. kurilov. 4000 valarthumrigangal, 200 kuthirakal, 20 pashukkal ennivayundu. eee samooham maanukaleyum dhruva kurukkanmaareyum vettayaadunnu. parambaraagatha charmmavum romangalum dharikkan upayogikkunna vasthrangal nirmmikkunna oru kadayum ivideyundu. tekki odulokkinte thala n aanu. aii. shalugin. avarude adithara nelemoy graamamaan. eee samooham ettavum dushkaramaaya avasthayilaanu. praadeshika, jilla bharanakoodangalum bisinasukaar ennu vilikkappedunnavarum vividha perestroica svakaaryavalkkarana niyamangaludeyum "srishtiparamaaya vyaakhyaanam" kaaranam, samoohathinu avarude ellah kaattukazhuthakalum pashukkalum bhoomiyude oru bhagam polum nashtappettu. avarkk baakkiyullath 50 kuthirakal maathramaan. vettayaadunnathinum mathsyabandhanathinumulla saadhanangalkk avarude pakkal panamilla. praayapoorthiyaaya janasamkhyayude 80 sathamaanavum "yadhaarthathil" thozhillillaathavaraanu.
yookkaagirinte ettavum uyarnna vedhi "suktool" enna pothusammelanamaanu.
samskaaram.
maan, moose, kaattupothu, sabelle ennivaye vettayaadunnathum malsyabandhanavumaanu naadodi, ardha naadodi pradhana parambaraagatha pravartthanam. gathaagathathinaayaanu raindier kooduthalum valarthunnathu. kuthirakale yukkaakhirukalil "yaakuttukalude gaarhika kaandaamrigam" (tundra yukaaghirile "yokode ail" allengil kolima yukaaghirile "yakad aasha") ennaanu ariyappedunnathu. oru yukaaghir veedine "chum" ennu vilikkunnu.
parambaraagatha saambathika pravartthanangalude thakarcha, yukaagirinte parambaraagatha bhoomikaludeyum jalangaludeyum prathikoolamaaya paaristhithika sahacharyam, russiayile thaddesheeyare samrakshikkunna praadeshika, federal niyamangaludeyum executive samvidaanangaludeyum abhavam enniva parambaraagatha yukagir samoohangalude shemathinum thudarchaykkum sahayichitilla. purushanmaarude sharashari ayuss 45 varshavum sthreekalude sharashari ayuss 54 varshavumaan. yakut-sakha republicilaanu sisumarananirakku ettavum kooduthal. koodaathe, mikkavarkkum parambaraagatha yukaaghir samskaarathekkurich arivillennu yukaakhirilekkulla oru paryaveshanatthil kandethi.
bhasha.
tundra yukagir, kolima yukagir ennee adutha bandhamullah rund bhaashakalude oru cheria bhasha kudumbamaanu yukagir bhashakal, ennirunnaalum kooduthal bhashakal undaayirunnu. avaa tharamthirikkappedaatha bhaashakalaan avayude uthbhavavum mattu bhashakalumaayulla bandhavum anjjaathamaanu; chila pandithanmaar avaye euralic bhashakalumaayi vidooramaayi bandhappettathayi kanakkakkunnu, ennaal eee vargeekaranam euralic bhaashaashaasthrathile bhooribhaagam vidagtharum amgeekarikkunnilla. 370 ll thaazhe aalukalkk maathrame yukaaghir bhasha samsarikkaan kazhiyoo ennathinaal eee bhashakal maranamadanjathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. innu mikka yukaakhirukalum yakut russian samsaarikkunnu.
matham.
russian yaadhaasthithika vishwaasangalkkoppam, yukaakhirukalum ippozhum shamanism acharikkunnu. poorvvika athmaakkal, agni athmaakkal, suuryan (pugu), vettayaadal, bhoomi, jalam ennivayaanu prabalamaaya aaraadhanakal, avaykku samrakshakanmaaraayo aalukalude shathrukkalaayo pravartthikkaan kazhiyum. ellah tharkkangalilum ettavum uyarnna vidhikarthaavaaya sooryanaaya "pugu" enna aaraadhanayaanu ettavum pradhanam. marichavarude athmaakkal "ibidsy" enna sthalathekku pookunnu. oro vamshathinum "alma" ennu vilikkunna oru shammon undaayirunnu. maranashesham oro "alma" oru devathayaayi kanakkaakkukayum maricha "almayude" shareeram murichumaattukayum vamshangal avashishtangalayi sookshikkukayum cheythu. naadodi kaattukuthira vettakkaraayi uthbhavicha paarambaryangal yookkaagir ippozhum thudarunnu avar naaya thyagam nadathukayum kaakkakale adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru itihaasa kavitayum undu. elkku aaradhanayil mruga aaradhana prathyekichum shakthamaayirunnu. elkku, maan vettayumayi bandhapetta niravadhi aachaarangalum vilakkukalum undaayirunnu.
baahya linkukal.
aadhunika samskaaram

