yooniversitti oof california citrus pareekshana steshan

yunaittad stetsile kaaliforniyayile reversidilulla reverside kaambasile california sarvakalaashaalayude sthaapaka yoonittaan yooniversitti oof california citrus ekspiriment steshan. ooranchu krishikkum kaaliforniyayile mothatthilulla kaarshika vyavasayathinum eee steshan valareyadhikam sambhavana nalki. 1907 februvari 14 nuu sthaapithamaaya eee steshan 2007 ll athinte nooram vaarshikam aakhoshichu.
yooniversitti oof california citrus pareekshana steshan.
rubidox laborattari.
1870-kalil brazeelile bahiyayil ninnu avatharippicha murivukal upayogichu nadiyude theerathu pareekshanathmaka naabhi ooranchu nattupidippichathinu sesham thekkan kaaliforniyayile "citrus beltt" athivegam vikasichu. rund pathittaandukalkkullil vaanijyaparamaaya ooranchu thoppukal kizhakode pasadena muthal saan gabriel, saan bernardino parvathanirakalude thaazhvarakalkku thaazheyulla chuvanna pradeshangal vare vyaapichu. thekkan kaaliforniyayile citrus gaveshanathinaayi prathyekamaayi oru sarkkar dhanasahaayathodeyulla shaasthreeya pareekshana kendram nirddeshichathinte bahumati joonn henry reed enna citrus karshakanaan, athinaayi praadeshika citrus vyavasaayathinte sakthamaaya lobying sramam samghadippichu. reverside hortikalcharal klabbinte pareekshanathmaka samithiyude sthaapaka amgavum chairmaanumaaya addeham pareekshanathmaka thottangal nadathunnathinulla sahakarana sameepanathin thudakkamittu, 1895 num 1915 num idayil citressineyum mattu vishayangaleyum kurichu 150 ladhikam semitechnical, janapriya prabandhangal prasidheekarichu.
reverside california stettu assembly amgam mygual esttudillo, thekke kaaliforniyayil oru paatholajikkal laboratory branch pareekshana kendravum nalkunna 552-aamm assembly billinte karadu thayyarakkan eerppavum reverside chamber oof komezhsinte oru samitiyum chernnu pravarthichu. 1905 march march oru legislative board oof kammeeshanarmaarkk sthalam thiranjedukkunnathinum nadapadi nadappaakkunnathinum 30,000 dollar anuvadichu. 1907 februvari februvari california sarvakalashaala regents nadiyude theerathulla rubidox parvathatthinte kizhakke charivil yusi citrus pareekshana kendram (sii. iii. ezz) sthaapichu. ennirunnaalum, davisile yooniversitti faaminte vikasanathil shradha kendreekarikkaanulla sarvakalaashaalayude theerumaanam rund prarambha jeevanakkaril oru shaasthranjane maathrame sii. iii. esilekku niyamikkaan kaaranamaayittulloo. rubidox laborattari ennu vilikkappedunna eee steshante prarambha lakshyam beejasankalanam, jalasechanam, vilakalude mechappeduthal thudangiya vividha mannu maanejment prasnangalil shradha kendreekarikkuka ennathaayirunnu.
boxes springukalilekkulla vipuleekaranavum sthaanamaattavum.
1913-ll, oru record kola maravippikkal 175 dasalaksham dollar varunna thekkan kaaliforniyayile citrus vyavasaayathiludaneelam paribhranthi srishtichu, ithu kooduthal sarkkar dhanasahaayathode kaarshika gaveshanam aavasyappettu. 1913-leeii california niyamanirmmaanasabhayude moonnu niyamangal ettu thekkan kaundikalilonnil sthithicheyyunna oru vipuleekritha citrus pareekshana steshanu vendi 185,000 dollar nalki. 1914ll ovens thaazhvarayile jalagathagatham poortthiyaakumbozhekkum aduthide vaasasthalathinaayi thuranna saan fernando thaazhvarayude nirmmathaakkal, sesukal avide maattunnathinaayi theevramaayi lobby cheythu. sasya prajnana professor cornell sarvakalashaalayil puthuthayi niyamithanaaya sess directorumaaya herbert joonn webber vividha saitt nirddeshangal pariganichenkilum aathyanthikamayi reverside udyogastharumaayum praadeshika karshakarumayum chernnu steshan athinte nilavile saittilekk mattaanulla oru nirddesham thayyarakkunnathinum amgeekarikkunnathinum sahayichu. 1914 desember 14 nuu yuu. sii. regentukal eee thiranjeduppinu amgeekaaram nalki, ithu nagarakendratthile nadiyude theerathu santhoshathinu kaaranamaayi "nagaram muzhuvan theruvukalaayi maari, electrical plaantile neeravi visil 15 minitt muzhangi, mission inn manikal aaghoshathil muzhaki."nadiyude theerathulla dinapathrangalil udharichirikkunnathu athu aayirunnu". "..nadiyude theerathe charithratthile ettavum pradhanappetta divasam."
webbarinte nirddeshaprakaaram puthiya steshan svayambharanaparamaayi bharikkendathaayirunnu. adutha kurachu varshangal addeham sthaapaka gaveshana samghathe vyakthiparamayi recruit cheythu, pathinonnu shaasthranjare kaarshika rasathanthram, plaant physiology, plaant pathology, entomology, plaant breeding, oorcard maanejment ennee aarr vibhagangalaayi samghadippichu. lokamembaadumulla ekadesham 500 inam citrus sasyangal nattuvalartthiya citrus enangalude shekharathinte vikasanathinum webber thudakkamittu, ithu anthaaraashtrathalathil atharam ettavum valia enangalude shekharamaayi maari. niyantritha paraaganatthiloode 45,000-ladhikam sankarayinangal ulppaadippikkunna meksikkoyil ninnu irakkumathi cheytha 70 inam avocado ulppede noorukanakkinu mattu uposhnamekhalaa vilakalum addeham nattupidippichu. (1914ll california avocado association sthaapichathiloodeyum saan bernardinoyil deseeya ooranchu shoyude vaarshika citrus instittyoottum coachella thaazhvarayile eenthappazham valarthunnavarude instittyoottum samghadippichathiloodeyum addeham kaarshika vipuleekarana pravarthanangalil earppettu.)
boxes springs saittile yadhaartha laborattari, phaam, residence kettidangal enniva roopakalppana cheythath lesttar echu aanu. yooniversitti oof california school oof aarkkitekcharil ninnu birudam nediya loss enjalsile hubbard, oru sahapravarthakanaaya echu.bii. cody. 165, 000 dollar chelavil nirmmicha eee vaasthuvidya thekkan kaaliforniyayile spanish colonial paithrukathe soochippikkunna dauthya sailiye pinthudarnnu. yuu. sii. aarr. kaambasinte aadyakaala kendramaayi marria eee sthalam oduvil 1917-ll thurannu, ennirunnaalum kaarshika rasathanthrathinte vibhajanam rubidox saittil laab idam thudarnnu. (rubidox saitt innu yuu. sii. jalavibhava kendratthinte kaivashamaan.)
webber bharanakaalathe gaveshana nettangal.
1913 muthal 1929ll viramikkunnathuvare webbarinte sesinte director padavi chila thadassangalode neenduninnu. addehathinte directorship kaalayalavil sesinte chila pradhana nettangal ivayaayirunnu walter pii. aayirakkanakkin ekkar california bhoomi veendedukkunnathinulla drainage teknikkukalude kellie vikasippichath uppu shekharanathaal anuthpaadanakshamamaakki; raasavalangalude vikasanam; boron vishabaadhayude kandethal, athinte niyanthranathinulla reethikal, citrus valarchayil cheria alavil boroninte aavasyakathayekkurichulla dhaarana. howard bii. manju pioneering janithaka gaveshanam chila citrus chromosomukalude saadhaarana ennam, citrus polyploidae aadya kandethal, citrus tetraploidukal aadya vivaranagal aadya krithyamaaya reportukal nayikkunnu. puthiya citrus kalttivarukalude ulppaadanathinaayi krithrima sankaravalkkaranathe nayikkunnathinulla upakaranangalum manju vikasippichu, ithu aanava lainukalude vyapakamaaya prachaaranatthinu kaaranamavukayum lokamembaadumulla citrus plaantingukalude mechappeduthalinu sambhavana nalkukayum cheythu. vividha tharatthilulla rogangalude, prathyekichu gammosis, howard ezz ennivayude kaaranashaasthram thayyaaraakkunnathiloode. roga niyanthranathinulla mechappetta reethikalkku fausettu ganyamaaya sambhavana nalkukayum 25 varshathinide 3 dasalaksham ooranchu marangalkkidayil pettennulla thakarchaykku kaaranamaaya chila rogangalude vairal swabhaavam kandethunnathu saadhyamaakkukayum cheythu. echu.jeey. citrus praanikal, praanikal, walnut praanikal ennivayekkurichulla kwaalinte praanipatana gaveshanam, fumigationodulla praanikalude prathirodhatthinteyum athine marikadakkaanulla maargangaludeyum prashnathekkurichulla aadya amgeekaarathilekku nayichu. haari echu. australiyayile citrophilus maalibaginte prakrithidatha paraannabhojikale smith harrold compayer kandethiyathode kaaliforniyayile eee paraannabhojiyude poornna niyanthranam saadhyamaayi, ithu ooranchu kaundiyile karshakarkk prathivarsham ekadesham 1 dasalaksham dollar vila nashtam varuthi. citressinu pradhana oonnal nalkiyengilum thekkan kaaliforniyayil valarunna ellah pradhana vilakalkkum sii. iii. ezz gaveshana sambhavanakal nalki.
citrus gaveshana kendravum kaarshika pareekshana kendravum.
1929ll webber viramichathinusesham liyon dekstar baachilar sii. iii. esinte randaamathe director. addehathinte nirddeshaprakaaram bhoomi, mooladhana soukaryangal, pravartthana bajatt enniva ganyamaayi vikasikkukayum sthithivivarakkanakkukal, pareekshanathmaka plott design, kalakal kuraykkunnathinulla kalanaashinikal, vaayu malineekaranatthinte phalangalekkurichulla aadya padanangal ennivayulppede kaarshika shaasthrathinte niravadhi puthiya mekhalakalilekku steshan neengukayum cheythu. eee samayathaan citrus tristesa vairasinte parivartthanatthe steshan nerittathu, athinte falamaayi ekadesham 9000 marangal (steshante thottangalude 87 sathamaanavum) pottippurappedunnathu thadayunnathinaayi nasippikkappettu. 1951ll batchelar viramichathinusesham, alfred emm. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham thekkan kaaliforniyayile kaarshika uthppaadanam kuthichuyarnnathode boys puthiya director maarukayum sii. iii. ezz valarchayude mattoru kaalaghattatthilekku praveshikkukayum cheythu. pazhaya divisional ghadana vakupputhala reethiyil maattisthaapikkukayum raajyathe aadyathe nemattolaji vakupp ulppede anchu puthiya vakuppukal cherkkukayum cheythu. 1953ll vaayu malineekarana gaveshanathinaayi oru samitiyum roopeekarichu.
citrus pareekshana kendram athinte ambathaam vaarshikam aakhoshichappol, niravadhi puthiya kettidangalum pareekshanathmaka thottangalkkayi kooduthal ekkar sthalathu nadatthiya vishalamaaya hortikalcharal gaveshanavum upayogichu athinte valippathilum uyarathilum ganyamaayi valarnnu. 1957 aayappozhekkum laborattariyile yadhaartha rund staaf udyogasthar 265 jeevanakkaraayi vardhichu. laab thanne citrus vyavasaayathiludaneelam prashasthamaayirunnu. 1961ll laboratariyude valarchaye prathifalippikkunnathina peru citrus research sentar aandu agrikalcharal eksperiment steshan (sess-eiii. iii. ezz) ennu maatti. aaa samayat alfred emm aayirunnu samvidaayakan. entomology, biochemistry vakuppukalude aasthaanamaaya boys haalinu eathu boys ennaanu peru nalkiyirikkunnath. 1968ll boysinu sesham dablyu. 1981ll irvin dablyu. steshante anchaamathe director shermane thiranjedutthu.
thudarchayaaya vikasanam.
vikasanam steshanile gaveshanathil molecular biology, janithakashasthram thudangiya puthiya shaasthreeya vishayangalum saankethikavidyakalum ulppeduthi. varanda, ardha varanda pradeshangalile krishiyodoppam paristhithi samrakshanavum puthiya sradhaakendrangalaayi maari. manninte lavanathvavum vaayu malineekaranavum sahikkunna turfgrass enangal ulppede puthiya vilakal vikasippichu. jaiva niyanthranavum samyojitha keedanirmarjanavum gaveshanathinte sakthamaaya mekhalakalaayi thudarnnu. oru saahacharyathil, oru cheria kuttichediyude irakkumathiyum sthaapanavum aashh whitefly konduvannu, ithu dasalakshakkanakkinu dollar kaarshika naashathinum kaarukal kollayadikkunnathinum kaaranamaayi. citrus pareekshana steshan gaveshanathilekku vyapakamaaya shradha aakarshicha oru kesaayirunnu ithu.
kazhinja kaalnoottaandil pettant nediya niravadhi puthiya inam citrus purathirangukayum 1981-ll 'oroblanco' grapefruitil ninnu aarambhich aduthide purathirangiya 'tango' manderine thudarukayum cheythu. mattoru prajnana paripadi neratthe pakwata praapikkunnathum choodu sahishnuthayullathumaaya payar nirakal nalki, ithu padinjaaran aafrikkayile varalchaa saahacharyangalkk prathyekichum anuyojyamaakkukayum avidatthe pattiniyum daaridryavum kuraykkaan sahayikkukayum cheiyunnu.
innu, yuu. sii. aarile prakrithi, kaarshika shaasthra kolejile oru pinthunaa vibhagamaaya kaarshika pravarthanangalaanu sess-eiii. iii. ezz. pravarthippikkunnathu. yadhaartha sess-esinu purame, kaambasinu thekkukizhakkayi salton kadalinaduthulla marubhoomi anthareekshathil sthithi cheiyunna kochella vaali kaarshika gaveshana kendrathinum vakupp melnottam vahikkunnu. (vikasanam moolam yuu. sii. aarr. pradhana kaambasile kaarshika bhoomiyude nashtam laghookarikkunnathinaayi 1991ll ettedukkappettu.) citrus, avocado, turfgrass, asperagus, eenthappana, pachakkarikal, cheria daanyangal, alfalfa, alankaaravasthukkal ennivayulppede 50 ladhikam vilakal gaveshanathinaayi rund steshanukalilum krishi cheiyunnu.
shekharangal.
citrus enangalude shekharam enna oru sajeeva shekharam ippozhum sess-esinu keezhil pravartthikkukayum paripalikkukayum cheiyunnu. nilavil, citrus enangalude shekharam yuu. sii. aarr kaambasil 22.3 ekkarum kaaliforniyayile irvinile southu koost research aandu ekstanshan sentaril 2 ekkarum kaaliforniyayile thermal mekhalayile yuu. sii reverside coachella vaali kaarshika gaveshana kendratthil 2 ekkarum vyaapichukidakkunnu. eathu samayathum, citrus enangalude shekharathil "citrus" janussil ekadesham 1000 inathilulla rund marangalum 30-ladhikam anubandha janussukalil palathum adangiyirikkunnu, ithu lokathile vaanijyaparamaayi pradhanappettathum charitraparavumaaya citrus enangale ulkkollunnu.
california sarvakalaashaalayile reverside librarikal ippol muun citrus pareekshana steshan libraryude saahitya shekharangalum steshanil ninnulla charitraparavum bharanaparavumaya rekhakal adangiya ganyamaaya aarkkaivukalum undu. yuu. sii. aarr librarikalude websaittile oonlain citrus pareekshana steshan shathavaarshika pradarshanatthil prathyeka shekharangalil ninnulla charitraparamaaya vasthukkaludeyum apoorva pusthakangaludeyum sample prathinidheekarikkunnu.
1924-ll, philipp hunder timberlake citrus pareekshana steshanile biological kantrol vibhaagathil associate entamolagistaayi niyamithanaayi, avide addeham 1950-ll viramikkunnathuvare sevanamanushtichu. addehathinte praanikalude shekharathil ekadesham 500,000 saambilukal undaayirunnu, athil ekadesham 150,000 hymenoptere aayirunnu, oru kaalath vadakke amerikkayile ettavum valia theneecha shekharam ulppede, ithu ippol california sarvakalaashaalayile entamology research myoosiyathil sookshichirikkunna shekharathinte aditharayaayi pravarthichu, motham 4 dasalaksham saambilukal.
yuu. sii. reverside highlandezhs eiii. jii/ops kozhs.
yuu. sii. reverside highlandezhs purusha, vanita cross kantri teamukalude hoome kozhsaanu eji/oops kozhs.

