
richard montgomery

britiish sainyathil aadyamaayi sevanamanushticha oru alsttar scots sainikanaayirunnu richard montgomery (2 desember 1738-31 desember 1775). pinneedu american viplava yudhasamayathu kondinental aarmiyil mejar generalayi addeham maarukayum 1775 leeii vadakkukizhakkan cubeckile vijayakaramaya adhiniveshathinu neethrthwam nalkiyathil addeham ettavum prashasthanaan.
irelandile oru alsttar-scots kudumbathilaanu montgomery janichathum valarnnathum. 1754ll addeham dablinile trinity collegil chernnu, rund varshathinu sesham franch, indian yudhangalil pooraadunnathinaayi britiish sainyathil chernnu. vadakke amerikkayilum pinneedu kareebiyanilum sevanamanushtichukondu addeham nirakaliloode kramanugathamaayi uyarnnu. yudhaanantharam pondiyaakkinte yudhasamayathu addeham fort detroyittil nilayurappichathine thudarnnu aarogyaparamaya kaaranangalal brittanilekku madangi. 1773-ll montgomery pathimoonnu kolanikalilekku madangukayum jaanett livingstanine vivaham kazhikkukayum krishi aarambikkukayum cheythu.
american viplava yuddham pottippurappettappol, montgomery desasnehaparamaaya kaaryam ettedukkukayum 1775 meyy maasathil newyork pravishya kongrasilekku thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. 1775 juunil addeham kondinental aarmiyil brigadier generalayi kammeeshan cheyyappettu. canada adhiniveshathinu neethrthwam nalkaan kazhiyaathavidham philipp shiler rogabaadhithanaayathin sesham montgomery chumathalayettu. addeham kotta sent pidichedutthu. 1775 novemberil johnsum pinneedu montriyalum cubec nagaratthilekku munneri, avide addeham benedict aarnoldinte neethrthwathil mattoru senayil chernnu. desember 31nuu addeham nagarathinu nereyulla aakramanathinu neethrthwam nalkiyengilum yudhathil kollappettu. britishukaar addehathinte mrithadeham kandethukayum addehathinu manyamaaya oru shavasamskaram nalkukayum cheythu. addehathinte avashishtangal 1818-ll newyork nagaratthilekku maatti.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
irelandile kaundi dablinte vadakku vaalukalkkaduthaan montgomery janichathu. montgomery vamshathile kaundi doggel shaakhayaaya alsttar scots gentry kudumbathilaanu addeham janichathu. addehathinte pithaav thomas montgomery oru britiish armi offeesarum eest dogalile lifeford pokkatt baroyile paarlament amgavumaayirunnu (empy), athu airish paarlamentinu rund mps thirike nalki. thomasinte sahodaran alexander montgomery (1720-1800) mattoru cussin alexander montgomery (1686-1729) kaundi dogalinte kenalukalum empisumaayirunnu. mattoru aadya cussin alexander montgomery (maranam 1785) kaundi monagante empiyaayirunnu.
richard montgomery thante kuttikkaalatthinte bhooribhaagavum chelavazhichathu kaundi dablinile vaalkkaduthulla kinseeliyile abeville housilaanu, avide addeham vettayaadaanum sawari cheyyaanum vedivaykkaanum veli vekkanum padichu. thomas montgomery thante makkalkk nalla vidyaabhyaasam labhikkunnundenn urappakki; richard revu schoolil chernnu. leakslip bhashayil soumaras dubordiu, franch, laattin, vaachaadopangal enniva padichu. richard montgomery 1754ll dablinile trinity collegil praveshichu.
arivinodulla agadhamaaya sneham undaayirunnittum montgomeric birudam labhichilla. 1756 septambar 21nuu addehathinte pithavum mootha sahodaran alexander chernnu sainyathil cheraan addehathodu abhyarthichu. 17-aamm rejimentil chernna montgomeric vendi addehathinte pithaav oru chihna kammeeshan vaangi.
ezhu varshathe yuddham.
vadakke america.
1757 februvari 3 nuu 17-aamm paadatthinu galwayile gaarsanil ninnu march cheyyaanum videshathu vinyasikkaan thayyarakanum utharavittu. meyy 5 nuu, montgomery 17-aamm foottum korkkil ninnu nova skottiyayile halifaxilake kappal kayari joolaiyil ethi. britishukaar louisburgil oru sramam aasoothranam cheythirunnuvenkilum ooppareshan nirthalaakkukayum pakaram newyorkkile shaityakaala kwartezhsilekku kappal kayarukayum cheythu. 1758-ll, louisburg pidichedukkukayenna lakshyathode 17-aamm phoott veendum halifaxilake ayachu.
britiish commandermaaraaya jephari aamherstum jaims abercromby halifaxinu vadakku keppu brettan dveepinte atlaantik theerathu sthithi cheiyunna louisburgil franchukaare akramikkaan oru padhathi thayyarakki. franch gaarsanil 800 perr maathrame undaayirunnulloo, athesamayam britiish senaykk 13,142 sainikar undaayirunnu, 23 kappalukalum 13 yudhakkappalukalum pinthunachirunnu. 1758 juun 8nuu kottaykkethiraaya akramanam aarambhichu. kanatha theepidutthatthil montgomery beechil erangukayum sthiramaaya bionettukalumaayi munnott pookaan thante sainyathodu utharavidukayum cheythu. puram franch prathirodham nagaratthilekku pinwangi. montgomeriyude yoonittum bakkiyulla britiish sena franchukaare kottayude thokkukalkku thottappurathulla oru sthalathekku pinthudarnnu. eee samayat britishukaar nagaram uparodhikkaan thayyaaredutthu. mosham kaalavastha kaaranam, uparodhathin aavashyamaaya peerankikalum mattu vasthukkalum theerathu ethaan aazhchakal eduthu. montgomery thante aalukalodu kuzhikal kuzhikkanum sthanavelakal nirmmikkanum nirddeshichu, koodaathe franch aakramanathinulla saadhyathayekkurich jagrata palikkanum thante aalukalodu utharavittu. juulai 9nuu franchukaar oru aurekkt nadatthaan shramichenkilum athu parajayappettu. juulai 26nuu, avarude kappalppadayude bhooribhaagavum nasippikkunnathilekku nayicha thudarchayaaya pravarthanangaletthudarnna franchukaar keezhadangi. uparodhasamayath montgomeriyude pravartthanatthil mathippulavaakkiya general aamherst addehathe leftanantaayi sthaanakkayattam nalki.
1758 juulai 8nuu jaims abercromby champline thadaakatthile fort kaarillan aakramichenkilum kanatha nashtatthode pinthirippikkappettu. augustil, montgomery 17-aamm paadavum bostanilekku kappal kayarukayum albanyil abercromby sainyavumayi cherunnathinayi march cheyyukayum thudarnnu lake jorjilekku maarukayum cheythu. november 9nuu abercromby thirichuvilichu; addehathinu pakaram commander-inn-cheefaayi aamherst chumathalayettu. 1759leeii prachaaranatthinaayi britiish hikemand kaanadayilekk thrimukha aakramanathinulla oru padhathi vikasippichu, athil 17-aamm paadam ulppedeyulla sainyam fort kaarillanine akramikkukayum fort sent pidichedukkukayum cheyyum. frederic, newyorkkile kraun pooyintinu sameepam. aamherstinte neethrthwathil montgomery 17-aamm paadavum fort kaarillan pidichadakkunnathil pankedutthu. yudhathinu munbu sainyam othukoodumbol, montgomeriyude kambani kaavalkkaaraayirunnu; franch, indian pathiyirunnu nadathunna paarttikalil jagrata palikkaan addeham thante aalukalodu utharavittu. 9nuu 17ll ninnulla 12 perr aakramikkappettappol addehathinte samshayangal sariyaanennu thelinju. montgomery 17-aamm sthaanavum thudakkathil kadutha prathirodham nerittu. thangalude sakhaakkale vedivaykkumennu bhayann raathriyil vedivaykkaruthennu montgomery thante aalukalodu utharavittu. juulai 21nuu sainyam fort kaarillanilekku neengaan thudangi; 26 aayappozhekkum avar kottayude mathilukalkk puratthaayirunnu, avide ninnu franchukaar avarude sainyathil bhooribhaagavum pinvalichu. frederic. annu ratri, pakal samayat kurachu peeranki vedivayppinu sesham, franchukaar kaarillaninte podi maasikayum fort sent. pittennu frederic, thadaakam chaampleyininte vidoora attathekku pinwangi.
1759-ll mejar general roobert monktante neethrthwathil sthaapicha 17-aamm noottaand shaithyakaalam mohawk nadeethadatthil gaarsan dutyil chelavazhichu. 1760 meyy 15 nuu monkton montgomery rejimental adjattantaayi namakaranam cheythu, ithu commanding officer rejimentile ettavum mikacha leftanantinu nalkunna oru sthaanamaanu. augustil, 17-aamm adii thadaakam champlain divisionumaayi cherukayum montriyalinethiraaya thrimukha aakramanathil pankedukkaan kireedatthil ninnu purappedukayum cheythu. montriyalinu purathulla mattu rund divisionukalumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathunnathinu munbu 17-aamm paadam ail ooks noix fort chambley pidichedutthu. kaanadayude franch gavarnaraaya markvis dii voudrooyil, nagaratthe samrakshikkaan kazhiyillennu kandu, oru poraattavumillaathe nagaram keezhadakki. montriyalinte pathanathode canada muzhuvan britteeshukaarude kaikalilaayi. 1761-leeii venalkkaalath montgomery 17-aamm paadavum montriyalil ninnu staattan dveepilekku march cheythu.
caribean.
canada keezhadakkiya sesham britiish sarkkar vestt indeesil franchukaare paraajayappedutthaanulla oru padhathi thayyarakki. 1761 novemberil montgomery 17-aamathe kappal barbadosylake yaathrathirichu, avide avar vadakke amerikkayil ninnulla mattu yoonittukalil chernnu. 1762 januvari 5nuu sainyam barbadosil ninnu franch dveepaaya martinikkilekku neengi januvari pakuthiyode avide ethi. varaanirikkunna aakramanathekkurichu vivaram labhicha franchukaar avarude prathirodham shakthippeduthi. oru beach head vegathil sthaapikkukayum januvari 24 nuu pradhana akramanam aarambikkukayum cheythu. franch outtar defenceukal keezhadakkukayum athijeevichavar thalasthaanamaaya fort royalilekk palayanam cheyyukayum cheythu. britishukaar kottaykkethire akramanam nadatthaan thayyaaraayenkilum sahacharyam niraashaajanakamaayathinaal franchukaar keezhadangi. februvari 12nuu dweep muzhuvan keezhadangi. maarttinikkinte pathanathinushesham, bakkiyulla franch vestt indees, grenada, sent lucia, sent vinsent enniva oru poraattavumillaathe britteeshukaarude kaikalil veenu. 1762 meyy 6 nuu, maarttinikkile thante pravarthanangalkku prathifalamaayi, lefttanant kenal joonn campbel montgomery captanaayi sthaanakkayattam nalkukayum 17-aamm foottile patthu kambanikalil onninte command addehathinu nalkukayum cheythu.
1761ll fraansinte sakhyakakshiyayi spain yudhathil praveshichu. hawanah pidichadakkunnathu speyinil ninnu colonial saamrajyathilekkulla ashayavinimaya marggangal nasippikkumennu britiish hikemand vishwasichirunnu. juun 6nuu aakramanakaarikalaaya britiish sainyam havanayude theerathu ninnu ezhu mile akale ethi. montgomeriyude kambani ulppedeyulla 17-aamm adii, nagaratthinte spanish prathirodhatthinte thaakolaaya mooroo kotta pidichedukkunnathaayirunnu. britiish yudhakkappalukal kottayil bombit rund spanish thokkukal ozhikeyullavayellaam nishabdamaakki. juulai 30nuu montgomery 17-aamm paadavum aakramich kotta pidichedutthu. 1762 august avasaanathode montgomery 17-aamm paadavum newyorkkilekku ayaykkappedukayum avide avar yudhathinte backie kaalam thudarukayum cheythu. 1763 februvari 10nuu paarees udambadi oppuvachathode samgharsham avasaanichu.
pondiyaakkinte yuddham.
franch keezhadangalil roshakulanaaya ottaava medaaviyaaya pontiac 1763 epril muthal britiish sainika, sivilian vaasasthalangal akramicha 18 thaddesheeya american gothrangale samghadippichu. gothrangal ettu britiish kottakal pidichedukkukayum rund pere ozhippikkaan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. sathrutha pottippurappedunnathi neridaan sahaayikkunnathin general aamherst 17 juunil 17 aam theeyathi albanyilekku utharavittu.
aalbaniyilekkulla yaathraamadhye, montgomery hudson nadiyilekku kondupookunna kappal raashtreeyamaayi shaktharaaya livingstan kudumbatthinte aasthaanamaaya clermond menarinu sameepam nilampathichu. kappal veendum ozhukumbol, livingstanukal kappalile udyogastharkku aathidheyathvam vahichu. montgomery roobert livingstaninte 20 vayassulla makal jaanettine kandumutty. eee samayat avarkkidayil enthaanu sambhavichathenn njangalkk ariyilla, pakshe montgomery rejiment newyorkkilekku madangumbol rejimentinoppam illennu (neratthe englandilekku madangaan avadhi nalkiyirunnathinaal) jaanett shradhichu.
1764 vare montgomery nilaninnirunna fort staanviksil 17-aamm sthaanakkaarane aadyamaayi gaarsan dutic niyogichu. 1764-ll montgomery englandilekku madangaan kenal campbellin general thomas gejinum avadhikk apekshichu; kareebiyanile addehathinte sevanam addehathinte aarogyathe baadhichirunnu. ethrayum vegam avadhi amgeekarikkaan kenal campbellinode nirddeshichukondu gej avadhi nalki. caribean prachaaranatthil keezhudyogasthare pirichuvitta campbel varaanirikkunna paryaveshanathinu sesham maathrame avadhi nalkoo.
1764ll britishukaar kalaapathe neridaan rund paryaveshanangal samghadippichu. joonn braadstreettinte neethrthwathil joolaiyil nayagra kottayilekku poya montgomery 17-aamm sthaanavum valia thadaakangalil ninnulla naattukaarumaayi oru pradhana sammelanam samghadippikkukayum avide oru maasam nilayurappikkukayum cheythu. konfarans 2,000-thiladhikam thaddesheeyare aakarshichu; abhyoohangal parathunna thaddesheeya akramanangal thadayunnathinaayi braadstreettinte sainyam avide thaamasichu. neratthe apratheekshitha aakramanathinu vidheyamaayirunna fort detroitilekku avar march cheyth augustil ethi. kottayude prathirodham mechappeduthunnathinum naattukaarumaayi engane edapazhakanam ennathinekkurichulla dhaarana nedunnathinum sahayikkunna niravadhi aazhchakal montgomery kottayil thaamasichu. septambaril, bradstreet sandeskyilekkulla kotta detroit vittu, shani delaware kandumuttaan; pathinezhaamathethu fort detroitilum fort michilimaakinaakkilum gaarsan dutyil thudarnnu, montgomery, avadhi anuvadichappol, addehathodoppam. october 3nuu montgomery mattu niravadhi udyogastharum oneeda medaaviyaaya thomas rajaavumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi. illinoyisile pravarthanangalil braadstreettinte aalukalude oru vibhaagathe rajaavu anugamichirunnu; avide nattukaar valare shathrukkalaanenn addeham report cheyyukayum avarkkethire sainika nadapadiyekkurichu shupaarsha cheyyukayum cheythu. rund divasathinu sesham, bradstreet, irokwois nethaakkalumaayulla oru valia sammelanathil, britishukaar shani delaware akramikkillennu bradstreet avarodu vishadeekarichu. bradstreet pinneedu montgomery mochippichu, addeham aadyam jonson halilekkum thudarnnu newyorkkilekkum yaatra cheythu, avide addeham englandilekku purappedunnathinu munbu bradstreettil ninnu gejilekk ayachu.
veendedukkal.
brittanil vachu montgomery aarogyam veendeduthu. kooduthal rashtreeya swaathanthryathinaayulla kolanivaadikalude aavashyangale pothuve pinthunacha paarlamentile wig amgangalumaayi addeham bandhappettirunnu. isak baare, edmund burk, chaals jaims phoox thudangiya niravadhi pramukha viggukalumaayi montgomery sauhrudam sthaapichu. brittanil nilayurappichirikkumbol, montgomery thante bhooribhaagam samayavum eee moonnu aalukalumayi raashtreeyam charcha cheyyaan chelavazhichu. britiish gavanmentinte nayangale addeham chodyam cheyyaan thudangi. 1768ll englandil 17-aamm paadatthil thirichethiya addeham oru recruitment drive aarambhichu; athu aarambhikkunnathin munbu addehathinte kambaniyil 17 perr maathrame undaayirunnulloo. adhehavum vivaahanischayam nadatthi; ennirunnaalum, addehathinte prathisrutha varan asathyamaanennu theliyikkukayum vivaahanischayam thakarukayum cheythu.
1771ll sthaanakkayattathinaayi vittayachathinusesham, orupakshe thante rashtreeya bandhangal kaaranam, addeham thante kammeeshan ekadesham 1,500 poundinu vitt 1772ll sainyam vittu. thudarnnu addeham shaasthreeya upakaranangal (microscopukal, oru baarometer, higrometer), sarway upakaranangal, draftsman upakaranangal enniva vaangi, aaa varsham joolaiyil amerikkayilekku kappal kayari. orikkalum vivaham kazhikkaano veendum aayudhamedukkaano oru manyanaaya karshakanakan addeham theerumaanichirunnu.
newyorkkil sthirathaamasamaakki.
newyork nagaratthil ninnu 13 mile vadakkulla raajaavinte paalatthil addeham oru phaam vaangi. chuttupadukalumaayi poruthappedumbol, montgomery jaanett livingstanumaayulla thante parichayam puthukki, addeham pinneedu vivarichu, "manyatha enne sandarshikkaan nayichu."avalude pithaav roobert roobert livingstanil ninnu anumathi labhicha sesham 1773 juulai 24 nuu adhehavum jaanattum vivahitharaayi. jaanattumaayulla montgomeriyude vivaahavum addehathe oru adima udamayaakaan kaaranamaayi, kaaranam livingstans eee mekhalayile oru pramukha adimakudumbamaayirunnu.
avarude vivaahathin sesham, montgomery thante phaam oru vaadakakkaaranu paattatthinu nalki. bhaaryayude muthachanaaya jadji beakman, rainbekkile beakman aayudhangalkk vadakkulla poost roadle thamasikkaan oru kudil avarkk nalki. montgomery chuttumulla kurachu bhoomi vaangi veli, uzhuthumari, oru dhaanya millu nirmmikkal, "grassmeare" enna valia veedinu aditharayittal ennivaykkaayi pravarthichu, ennirunnaalum athu addehathinte maranasamayathu poorthiyaakkiyittilla, cheria kottej aayirunnu rainbekkile addehathinte eaka vasathi. ente jeevithathiludaneelam orikkalum ithrayum santhushtanaayirunnilla" ennu addeham paranju, ennaal thudarnnu "ithu nilanilkkilla; athu nilanilkkilla" ennu paranju."avarude vivaahathin moonnu maasathinu sesham, montgomery oru yudhathil sahodaran kolappeduthiya oru swapnathekkurichu jaanett addehathodu paranju. ente santhosham shaashwathamallennu njaan eppozhum ningalodu paranjittundu" ennu montgomery marupadi nalki... namukk kazhiyunnidatholam kaalam athu aaswadikkaam, backie daivathinu vittukodukkaam."
deshasnehathe pinthunacha livingstan kudumbavumaayi montgomery ippol bandhikkappettirunnathil, addeham britiish sarkkaarinethire tirian thudangi, svayam oru engleeshukaaranennathinupara oru amerikkakkaaranaayi kandu. britiish gavanment adichamarthalaanennum oru svechaadhipathya maathrraajyam poleyaanu pravarthikkunnathennum addeham vishwasichu.
newyork pravishya kongras.
1775 meyy 16nuu newyork pravishya kongrasil dutches kaundiye prathinidheekarikkunna patthu prathinidhikalil oralaayi montgomery thiranjedukkappettu. montgomery rund varsham newyorkkil thaamasikkukayum rashtreeya edapedal thedaathirikkukayum cheythenkilum, addeham aaa pradeshathu ariyappedukayum bahumaanikkappedukayum cheythu, pankedukkaan addeham baadhyasthanaayirunnu. addeham pookaan vimukhatha kaanichu, ennirunnaalum rainbekkil ninnu 80 mile thekkulla newyork nagaratthilekku pooyi.
meyy 22naanu aadya sammelanam aarambhichath. meyy 26nuu montgomery ulppede 97 prathinidhikal athinte adikaaram niyamavidheyamaakkunna oru prameyathil oppuvachu. montgomeriyude kaazhchappaadukal mithavaadiyaaya oru deshasnehiyude kazhchappaadukalaayirunnu. britiish gavanment thettaanenn addeham vishwasichuvenkilum manyamaaya anurajanam pratheekshichirunnu. kramena, rajavinodu vishwasthatha pulartthiyirunna kongrassinte vibhaagathin athinte swaadheenam nashtappettu, chilar pathivayi pankedutthilla. newyorkkile sainika prathirodha sthaanangalude sthaanam theerumaanikkunnathinaayi oru saitt selection kammittiyil sevanamanushtikkaan montgomery thiranjedutthu, koodaathe pravishya milissia samghadippikkunnathilum athinte vitharanangal surakshithamaakkunnathilum addeham earppettirunnu.
american viplavam.
niyamanam.
1775 juun 15nuu puthuthayi roopeekaricha kondinental aarmiyude commander-inn-cheefaayi jorjju washington niyamithanaayathin sesham, randaamathe kondinental kongras sainyathil sevanathinaayi rund pere thiranjedukkaan newyork pravishya sarkkarinodu aavasyappettu. oraal mejar generalum matteyaal brigadier generalumaanu. general generalayi philipp shylere assembly anukoolichu. atharamoru niyamanathinu shuyalarinu mathiyaya poraattaparichayam undennu vishwasikkaathathinaal montgomery ithil aashanka prakadippichu. montgomery ezhuthi, "phil shylerinecurich ennodu paraamarshichirunnu... pravishyayile avante anantharafalam avane oru pradhana vishwaasathinu anuyojyamaaya oru vishayamaakki maattunnu-pakshe avanu sakthamaaya njarambukalundo? angane jolie cheiyunna eathoru vyakthiyeyum sambandhichu aaa kaaryam nannayi manassilakkaan enikku aagrahikkam."brigadier generalayi thaan parigananayilaanennu montgomeric ariyaamaayirunnuvenkilum niyamanathinaayi addeham parasyamaayi oru aagrahavum prakadippichilla. ennirunnaalum, juun 22 nuu shylere mejar generalayum montgomery brigadier generalayum niyamichu. ellah brigadier generalukaludeyum commandle montgomery randaam sthaanathaayirunnu.
eee niyamanam kanakkileduthu addeham paranju, "brigadier generalayi enne thiranjeduttha kongras enikku avarude sevanathil bahumanam nalki, njaan enikkaayi nirddeshicha shaanthamaaya jeevithapadhathikku kurachukaalathekku, orupakshe ennennekkumaayi, anthyam kurikkenda oru sambhavamaan; kaaranam, njaan thikachum apratheekshithavum abhikaamyamallaathathum aanenkilum, swaathanthryavum adimathavum thiranjedukkaan nirbandhithanaaya adichamarthappetta oru janathayude ishtam anusarikkanam."
plan.
juun 25nuu jorjju washington bostanilekkulla vazhiyil newyork nagaratthiloode kadannupoyi. shilerude keezhil montgomery deputy kamaandaraayi washington niyamichu. kurachu divasangalkku sesham, canada akramikkaan kondinental kongrasil ninnu shilerinu utharavukal labhichu. hudson nadikkum vadakkan thadakangalkkum sainyathin vitharanam cheyyaan kazhiyunna cubeckine sainyam aakramikkuka ennathaayirunnu ashayam. tikonderoga kottayil oru senaye vegathil kootticherkkukayum juulai 4 nuu sainyathinte command ettedukkaan shiler pookukayum cheythu. aakramanathinulla anthima krameekaranangalkkayi montgomery aazhchakalolam albanyil thaamasichu. addehathinte bhaarya vadakku saradoga vare addehathe pinthudarnnu, avide addeham avalodu paranju, "ningalude montgomariyekkurich ningalkk orikkalum lajjikkan kazhiyilla."
juulai, august maasangalude thudakkangalil, montgomery shyler avarude sainyathe samghadippikkunnathu thudarnnu, oru adhiniveshathinu aavashyamaaya aalukaleyum saamagrikaleyum uyarthi. avar samghadippikkumbol, adhinivesham vipuleekarikkaan washington theerumaanichu, maineyil ninnu cubeckine akramikkaan mattoru adhinivesha senaye nayikkaan benedict arnoldinode utharavittu. cubec nagarathinu purathu shilerude sainyavumayi cherunnathaayirunnu athu, avide avar nagarathinu nere samyuktha akramanam nadatthum.
cubeckinte akramanam.
augustil, adhinivesha samayat irokwois konfedarasiyude prathinidhikale nishpakshamaayi nilanirthunnathinaayi shiler avare kaanaan purappettu, montgomery fort tikonderogayile sainyathinte kamaandaraayi vittu. shiler akaleyaayirikkumbol, britishukaar champlane thadaakathil rund ganbottukal nirmmikkukayaanennu montgomeric rahasyavivaram labhichu, ithu poortthiyaakumbol britiish sainikarkk thadaakathilekku praveshanam nalkum. shileril ninnu anumathi chodikkaathe addeham 1,200 pere vadakkott scooner "liberty", sloop "enterprise" ennivayil maatti. sthithigathikal vishadeekarichukondu montgomery shilerinu oru kathu ezhuthi.
august 30nuu shiler fort tikonderogayilekku madangukayum montgomery shakthippeduthaan 800 pere koodi niyogikkukayum pinneedu asukham undaayirunnittum montgomeriyil cheraan purappedukayum cheythu. septambar 4 nuu ail laa motte dveepil addeham montgomeriyumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadatthi, avide addeham command ettedukkukayum richeliu nadiyile oru cheria dveepaaya ail ooks noixilekku thudaraan utharavidukayum cheythu. aarogyam moshamaayirunna shiler, kaanadayil ninnu britteeshukaare purathaakkaan sahaayikkanamenn aavasyappettu kaanadakkaare "suhruthukkalum naattukaarum" ennu vilikkunna oru prakhyaapanatthinte karadu thayyarakki.
septambar 6 nuu montgomery oru anweshana senaye fort sent lake nayichu. britiish prathirodhamaaya montriyalinte thacolaanu johns. chathupum kanatha vanavumulla pradeshathiloode montgomery pradhana sainika samghathe kottayilekku nayichu. kyapttan maatteev meedinte neethrthwathilulla oru party britteeshukaarumaayi sakhyamundaakkiya 100 thaddesheeya amerikkakkar aakramichu. party nilayurappichathode, pathiyirunnu akramanam nadatthiya pradeshavaasikal kottayilekku madangaan nirbandhitharaayi. britiish sainyam thaan pratheekshichathilum valuthaanennu bhayann montgomery, divasam muzhuvan pravartthanangal nirthalaakkukayum britiish thokkukalude paridhikkappuramulla oru sthalathekku thante senaye pinvalikkukayum cheythu. kotta vegathil pidichedukkaan kazhiyillennu vishwasicha shiler montgomeriyude sainyathe anusmarikkukayum ail ooks noix kottayorukkukayum cheythu.
shilerude aarogyam kshayichathinaal montgomery sainyathinte dainamdina pravartthanangalude chumatala etteduthu. septambar 10nuu montgomeriyude neethrthwathil 1,700 peradangunna oru valia sainyam kottayilekku neengi. kottaykku chuttumulla chathuppunilatthil iruttaayirunnathinaal rund amerikkakkar parasparam ettumutti; parasparam britteeshukaaraanennu bhayann iruvarum oodippoyi. montgomery avare thadayaan oodikkayarukayum vimanam avasanippikkukayum cheythu. avar kottayilekku munnerumbol, sainyam britiish grapeshot theepiduthatthinu vidheyamaayi. amerikkakkaarude oru kakshi britiish breast varkkukale akramikkukayum 2 perkku parikkelkkukayum athinusesham avar thirichuveezhukayum cheythu. pittennu raavile montgomery oru yudhasamithi vilichu, athil kottaykku nere mattoru akramanam nadatthaan sammathichu. ennirunnaalum, oru britiish yudhakkappal nadiyilekku munnerunnundenna vaartha parannu, puthiya englandu sainyathinte pakuthi pediyode oodippoyi. thante sainyathin kotta pidichedukkaan kazhiyillennu vishwasicha montgomery, ail ooks noixilekku madangi. nyoo englandu sainyathinte parakkalil roshakulanaaya montgomery oru court-maarshyal boardine niyamikkaan shilerinode aavasyappettu. athesamayam, shilerude aarogyanila mechappettitla. shasthrakriyayude poornna niyanthranam montgomeric nalkikkond 16-nuu addeham sukham prapikkaan tikonderogayilekku purappettu.
sent. johns.
fort seyint-jeeninu (cubec) purathu, montgomeric kooduthal shakthippeduthalukal labhikkunnath thudarnnu. thante sthaanathinu anuyojyamallennu thonniya commandermark addeham avadhi nalki. addeham paranju, "enikku aashrayikkaan kazhiyunna poraalikalallaathe mattaarum avasheshikkillennu njaan prathekshikkunnu."
septambar 16nuu montgomery britiish kottaykkethire mattoru paryaveshanam samghadippichu. aake 1,400 purushanmaaraan addehathinundaayirunnathu. britiish yudhakkappalaaya "royal sevej"-nte eathu neekkatheyum prathirodhikkaan addeham oru scooner, 1 sloop, 350 sainikarulla 10 baatto ennivayulla oru naavika gadakathe ayachu. montgomery thante sheshikkunna senaye eduthu nadiyilekku sanjarichu sent. septambar 17 nuu johns. britiish sainyathil 725 peraayirunnu mejar chaals preesttan nayichirunnathu, avar verum 3 varsham munbu britiish sainyathil montgomeriyude unnatha udyogasthanaayirunnu.
britiish thokkukalil ninnulla neriya vedivayppil montgomery addehathinte sainikarum landing eriyaykku sameepam aadya ratri chelavazhichu. pittennu raavile, kottayude vadakku oru sthaanam kaivashappeduthaan addeham mejar timothi bedalinode utharavittu, ennaal thante aalukal bhayappedunnuvennu montgomery kandappol, addeham thanne dauthyathe nayikkaan theerumaanichu. montgomery thante sainyathe nayichappol, avar britiish sainyavum mattoru american party thammilulla pooraattatthil ethi. montgomery ettumuttalinte niyanthranam ettedukkukayum britiish party kottayilekku thirike konduvaraan nirbandhikkukayum cheythu. kottaykku vadakku oru mile akale svayam nuzhanjukayaraan montgomery oru sainyavumayi bedaline ayachu. montgomery pinneedu mattu sainyathe kottaykku chuttum nirtthi uparodham aarambhichu.
prestaininteyum britiish senayudeyum pakkal amerikkakkaarekkaal kooduthal thokkukalum vedikkoppukalum undaayirunnu, angane aadya eathaanum aazhchakalil 10 muthal 1 vare fayar power nettam kaivarichu. montgomery thante sainyathe uparodha pravartthanangal mechappeduthunnathil kendreekarichu. eathaanum divasangalkkullil kottayil ninnu thudarchayaayi theepiduttham undaakumbol avar 2 baattarikal sthaapichu. septambar 22nuu, kottayil ninnulla oru peeranki panthu addehathinu mukaliloode vediyuthirkkukayum, addehathinte paavaada keerukayum, addeham kaalil veenathinusheshavum, montgomery nench velakal parishodhikkumbol eathaandu kollappettu. ithu "addehathe vedanippikkukayo bhayappeduthukayo cheythathayi thonnunnilla" ennu sainyam nireekshichu."
septambar 21num october 5num thokkukal athiyathode amerikkakkaarkk tikonderogayil ninnu aayudangal labhikkunnath thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, kottaykku valia kedupaadukal varuthaan kazhiyaathavidham peerankikal valare akaleyaan sthaapichirunnathu. puthiya thokkukalude varavode, kottayude kizhakk bhaagath ninnu bombaakramanathinte oonnal vadakku bhaagathekku maattaan montgomery padhathiyittu, avide avaa aduthirikkum. ennirunnaalum, vardhichuvarunna apakadasaadhyatha kaaranam niravadhi aalukal upekshikkumennu bhayann addehathinte udyogasthar eee padhathi ekakandamaayi nirasichu. rajakeeya krooranmaare" bheeshanippeduthaan kazhiyunna oru puthiya baattari nirmmikkaan montgomery utharavittu. october 14nuu baattari poortthiyaakki pinneedu britiish kappal mukkan upayogichu.
october pakuthiyode, chaamblikkaduthu thamasikkunna american pravasiyaaya jaims livingstan (montgomeriyude bhaarya jaanettinte bandhu), montgomeriode nirddeshichathu, 10 mile thaazhekku, sent chambliyekkaal durbalamaaya fort chambley akramikkunnathil thanikk mikacha vijayam labhikkumenn. jeane. montgomery eee ashayam amgeekarikkukayum 350 aalukalodu chambley edukkaan utharavidukayum cheythu. october 16 nuu ratri, rund american thokkukal fort sent kadannupoyi. jeane cheyth chambliyilekku neengi. pittennu raavile eee thokkukal chaamblikkunere vediyuthirthu. rund divasathe bombaakramanathinu sesham kottayude mathilukalilekku dwaarangal pathikkukayum chimmani thakarukayum cheythu. britiish commander 6 tonn vedimarunnum 83 aalukalum sahitam kotta keezhadakki. kottaye prathirodhichirunna ezhaamathe rajakeeya fusiliorukalude nirangal montgomery yudhathil pidichadakkiya oru britiish rejimentinte aadya nilavaramaaya shilerilek ayachu. washington montgomeric oru abhinandana kathu ayaykkukayum "thante adutha kathu montriyalil ninnu theeyathi nalkumennu prathekshikkunnu" ennu abhipraayappedukayum cheythu."
montgomeriyude sainyathinte raankukalil manoveeryam mechappeduthiya eee samgharsham, sent fortsinu vadakku oru baattari sthaapikkaanulla thante padhathiyumaayi kadannupoyi. jeane, ithavana ethirppillaathe. amerikkakkar baattarikal nirmmikkumbol, britishukaar american thozhilaallikale kanatha bombakramanam nadathiyenkilum ithu kurachu perkku maathrame parikkelkkaan kazhinjulloo. montriyalile britiish senaye nayikkunna general calton, fort centile sahacharyam manassilakki. jeane niraashanaayi. october avasaanathode addeham vyakthiparamayi oru durithaashwaasa senaye nayichuvenkilum montriyalinu thekk sent laurence nadhi kadakkunnathil ninnu american sainyam athine vijayakaramaayi thadanju.
november 1nuu kottayude vadakku sthaapicha puthiya baattarikal poortthiyaayi. amerikkakkar kottaykku nere vediyuthirkkaan thudangukayum divasam muzhuvan athu thudarukayum cheythu. britiish thokkukal thirichadichuvenkilum avaa falapradamalla. american thokkukal kurachu naashanashtangal varuthiyenkilum kottaykkullil kanatha gadanaaparamaaya kedupaadukal varuthi. bombakramanam (bhakshyadhanyangal kurayunnathu) moolam uparodhikkapetta kaavalppadayile manoveeryam idinju. sooryaasthamaya samayat, montgomery vedivayppu nirthaan utharavidukayum chambleyil pidikkapetta oru thadavukaarane kaavalkkaaran keezhadanganamennu aavasyappettu oru kathinoppam akathekku ayaykkukayum cheythu. caltonil ninnu prestanilekku ayacha oru sandeshavaahakane raathriyil pidikoodukayum athil preesttan pidichunilkkaan calton utharavidukayum cheythu. november 2nuu britishukaar poornna sainika bahumathikalode keezhadangan sammathichu. november 3nuu avar kottayil ninnu puratthekku march cheyyukayum kolanikalil praveshippikkukayum avide avare thadavilaakkukayum cheythu. britteeshukaarkk 20 perr kollappedukayum 23 perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythappol amerikkakkaarkk anchu perr kollappedukayum aarr perkku parikkelkkukayum cheythu.
montriyal muthal cubec vare.
montgomery sainyathe montriyalilekku thirikkukayum cheythu. manju, vellam, manju enniva nilathundaayirunnathil march budhimuttaayirunnu, avar purappett divasangalkku sesham shaityakaala kodunkaattu veeshukayum cheythu. montriyalil ninnu cubeckilekku britiish sainikar rakshappedunnathu thadayunnathinulla shramathil, montgomery oru sainyathe golden sainyathilekku ayachu, avide sainyam britiish sainyavumayi hrasvamaayi ettumutti. britiish sainyam athivegam sent sentar kappalukalilekku pinwangi. laurence nadhi. montgomery pradhana sainyavum nagaratthinte praanthapradeshangalil athiyappol, nagaram keezhadanganamennu aavasyappettu montgomery oru sandeshavaahakane ayachu allengil avar bombakramanam anubhavikkum. nagaratthinte keezhadangalinulla charchakal nadakkumbol, calton sent lake oodippoyi. kappalukalude oru cheria kappalile laurence nadhi. november 13nuu nagaram keezhadangukayum montgomery sainyavum oru vediyuthirkkaathe nagaratthilekku munnerukayum cheythu.
november 19nuu britiish kappal pidichadakkiyenkilum calton cheruthaayi rakshappett cubec nagaratthilekku pooyi. pidikoodiya britiish thadavukaarodu montgomery kaanicha dayaaparamaaya perumaattam niravadhi udyogastharkku avarude aashanka prakadippikkaan kaaranamaayi. montgomery ithu thante adhikaarathinu oru velluviliyaayi kandu, ithu sainyathile achadakkathinte abhaavathodoppam montgomery raaji bheeshanippeduthaan kaaranamaayi. sainikarude achadakkathodulla thante prasnangal washington prakadippicha washingtonil ninnulla kathukal montgomery thante command thudaraan bodhyappedutthi.
november 28nuu montgomery 300 perum pidicheduttha chila kappalukalil kayari cubec nagaratthilekku kappal kayaran thudangi. desember 2 nuu, montgomery benedict aarnoldinte senayil cubeckil ninnu 18 mile mukalilulla pooyint ooks trablesil chernnu. avide athiyappol arnold thante sainyathinte command montgomeriyilekku kaimari. desember 3 nuu, montgomery aarnoldinte aalukale nalki, avar maine marubhoomiyiloode cubec nagaratthilekku march cheyyukayum vazhiyil valareyadhikam budhimuttukal anubhavikkukayum cheythu, pidicheduttha britiish kappalukalil ninnu edutha vasthrangalum mattu shaityakaala saadhanangalum ulppede valare aavashyamaaya saadhanangal. pittennu sainyam nagaratthilekku neengi; avar athiyappol montgomery nagaram valayanamennu utharavittu. desember 7 nuu, nagaram keezhadanganamennu aavasyappettu montgomery kaalttanin oru anthima munnariyipp ayachu. calton kathu kathichu. eathaanum divasangalkkushesham, cubeckile saadhaaranakkaare mochippikkaan vannathaanennu vyaapaarikalkk abhyarthichu montgomery nagaratthilekku oru kathu ayachu. ennirunnaalum, calton padhathi kandethukayum udan thanne sandeshavaahakane arast cheyyukayum cheythu. thante sandesham nagaravaasikalilekku athikkanamennu aagrahicha montgomery, villukalum ambukalum upayogichu mathilinu mukaliloode prakhyapanam ayachu.
aakramanavum maranavum.
montgomeric ariyaathathinaal, sent mondile vijayangalkk desember 9 nuu mejar generalayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. johnsum montriyalum. keezhadangan caltone bodhyappedutthaan montgomeric kazhiyaathathinethudarnnu, nagaratthinte mathilukalkk purathu eathaanum noorukanakkinu meter akale addeham niravadhi mortaarukal sthaapichu. desember 9nuu nagaratthile shellakramanam aarambhichenkilum divasangalkku sesham mathilukalilo garrisonilo sivilian janathayilo gurutharamaaya swaadheenam cheluthunnathil parajayappettu. shellakramanathinu kaaryamaaya falamundaayilla ennathinaal, thirichuvaravil ninnu prakrithidathamaaya samrakshanam nalkunnillengilum, nagara mathilukalkk sameepam, abrahaaminte samathalangalil mattoru baattari sthaapikkaan montgomery utharavittu. desember 15nuu puthiya baattarikal thayyaravukayum montgomery oru koottam aalukale vedinirthal pathaakaykk keezhil ayachu nagaratthinte keezhadangal aavasyappedukayum cheythu. ennaal, avare thirichayachu. montgomery pinneedu nagarathinu nere veendum vediyuthirthuvenkilum phalam kurachukoodi mechappettirunnilla. britteeshukaaril ninnulla kooduthal phalapradamaaya theepiduttham puthiya baattarikalkk nere vannappol, montgomery avare ozhippikkaan utharavittu.
nagaratthile bombakramanam parajayappettathaayi thelinjathode montgomery oru aakramanathinu padhathiyidukayum cheythu. montgomery nadeetheerathinaduthulla nagaratthinte bhagamaaya lover taunn distrikttine (seyint-roach) aakramikkendathaayirunnu, athesamayam arnold paarakkettukalude ettavum uyarathilulla nagara mathilukalude sakthamaaya bhagamaaya keppu diamond kottaye akramikkukayum pidichedukkukayum cheiyukayaayirunnu. kodunkaattulla oru raathriyil avar aakramikkanamenn montgomery vishwasichirunnu, athinaal britteeshukaarkk avare kaanaan kazhiyilla. desember 27nuu kaalavastha kodunkaattaayi maarukayum aakramanathinu thayyaaraakanamenn montgomery purushanmarodu utharavidukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kodunkaattu taamasiyaathe kurayukayum montgomery akramanam avasanippikkukayum cheythu. montgomery oru kodunkaattinaayi kaathirunnappol, oru paazhayavan yadhaartha padhathi prathirodhakare ariyichathinaal thante padhathikal parishkarikkaan addeham nirbandhithanaayi. puthiya padhathiyil, montgomery thekk ninnu thaazhathe pattanatthe akramikkukayum arnold vadakku ninnu thaazhathe pattanatthe akramikkukayum cheyyum. mathilukal thakartha sesham, montgomery arnold nagaratthil kandumuttukayum thudarnnu mukalile pattanatthe akramikkukayum pidichedukkukayum cheiyunnathu cheruthunilppinu kaaranamaakukayum cheyyum. avarude athbhuthasaadhyatha vardhippikkunnathinaayi montgomery rund faintukal aasoothranam cheythu. oru sainikavibhagam (jaims livingstaninte keezhilulla aadyathe canadian rejiment) oru gettinu theevekkukayum mattonn (jacob brouninte neethrthwathil) cape diamond burjante kaavalkkaarane vinyasikkukayum aakramanatthinte arambham soochippikkaan rokkattukal prayogikkukayum cheyyum. vedivayppukal nadathumbol, peerankikal nagaratthilekku vediyuthirkkum. montgomery akramikkaan vimukhatha kaanichirunnuvenkilum, aarnoldinte aalukalude pattika januvari 1 nuu avasaanikkukayaayirunnu, avarude sevanangal nashtappedunnathinekkur addeham aashankaakulanaayirunnu.
desember 30nuu ratri oru manjuveezhchayundaayi. montgomery akramikkaan utharavu purappeduvikkukayum amerikkakkar avarude niyukta sthaanangalilekku neengaan thudangukayum cheythu. pularche 4 manikk.emm.montgomery rokkatt jwalikkunnathu kaanukayum thante aalukale nagarathinu chuttum thaazhnna pattanatthilekku neekkaan thudangukayum cheythu. rokkattukal aakramanathinu soochana nalkukayaanengilum, varaanirikkunna aakramanathekkurichu avar britteeshukaarkk munnariyipp nalkukayum nagaratthile prathirodhakkar avarude posttukalilekku oodikkukayum cheythu. nagaratthinte mathilukalkk purathulla kuthaneyulla vazhuvazhuppulla paarakkettukalil ninnu erangiya montgomery vyakthiparamayi thaazhathe pattanathilekkulla maarchine nayichu. raavile 6 manikk.emm.montgomeriyude sainyam thaazhathe pattanatthinte attathulla oru paalisedil ethi, athu avarkk kaanendivannu. avar randaamathe paalisediloode kadiyetta sesham, montgomery udghaadanathiloode advance party nayichu. theruvil rund nilakalulla oru block house kanda montgomery sainyathe athilekku nayichu, thante vaal valichu aalukale prolsaahippikkukayum "varoo, ente nalla sainikare, ningalude general ningalodu varaan aavashyappedunnu" ennu nilavilikkukayum cheythu."amerikkakkar ekadesham akaleyaayirunnappol, block housile britiish sainyam (30 canadian milissia chila naavikarum) peeranki, thokku, munthiripuli enniva upayogichu vediyuthirthu. montgomery thalayiloodeyum thudayiloodeyum munthirippottikondu kollappettu. captanmaaraaya joonn macferson, jacob cheesman ennivarum vedivayppil kollappettu.
montgomeriyude maranathode addehathinte akramanam thakarnnu. athijeevicha udyogasthanaaya kenal donald campbel alppam paribhraantharaayi pinwangan utharavittu. montgomeriyile staaf offeesarmaaril oralaaya aaron burr thante commanderude shareeram souhrudarekhakalilekku valichidaan hrasvamaayi shramichenkilum manjum montgomeriyude bharam kaaranam parajayappettu. montgomeriyude sahayamillaathe, aarnoldinte akramanam, prarambha vijayathin sesham, thakarnnu. aarnoldinte kaalinu parikkelkkukayum danielle morgan ulppede addehathinte dhaaraalam sainikare pidikoodukayum cheythu.
shavasamskaram.
1776 januvari 1nuu britishukaar marichavarude mrithadehangal shekharikkaan thudangukayum taamasiyaathe american colonial sainyathile oru unnatha udyogasthante mrithadeham kandethukayum cheythu. general kaalttante aduthekku konduvanna sesham, oru american thadavukaaran mrithadeham richard montgomariyudethaanenna sthireekarichu.
montgomeriyude maranam prakhyaapichukazhinjaal, benedict arnold american colonial senayude command etteduthu. montgomery yudhabhoomiyude iruvashathum bahumanyanaaya oru vyakthiyayirunnathinaal, addehathe anthassode samskarikkaan calton utharavittu, pakshe valareyadhikam aadambarathode allah. 1776 januvari 4 nuu sooryaasthamaya samayat montgomeriyude avashishtangal samskarichu. addehathinte shavasamskara velayil, american thadavukaar montgomery "veerochithamaaya dheerathayum" "perumaattatthinte soumyathayum" ulla oru "priyappetta general" aayi amgeekarichu, avar "muzhuvan sainyathinteyum aathmavishwaasam" nilanirtthi."
dukkham.
montgomeriyude maranavaartha kettappol shyler washington thakarnnupoyi. montgomery illaathe kaanadayil vijayam saadhyamallenn shiler vishwasichirunnu. addeham kongrasinum washington ezhuthi "ente souhaarddaparamaaya suhruthaaya dheeranaaya montgomery iniyilla; dheeranaaya arnoldinu parikkettu; cubechinethiraaya oru parajayappetta shramathil njangalkk kadutha parisodhana neridendi vannu, nirbhagyam ivide avasaanichekkaamennathil swarggam dayaapoorvam santhushtaraakatte."washington shilerinu ezhuthi," eee maanyante maranathil, americaykku kanatha nashtam sambhavichu, kaaranam avalude avakashangalkkum avalkk ettavum avashya sevanangal nalkaanulla kazhivinum sthiramaaya suhruthaayi addeham svayam amgeekarichu."montgomeriyude maranathodu prathikaricha kongras nashtam kazhiyunnathra nishabdamaayi nilanirthaan shramichu. eee vaartha sainikarudeyum saadhaaranakkaarudeyum manoveeryam kurakkumennu avar bhayapettu.
1776 januvari 25nuu montgomeriyude smaranaykkaayi oru smaarakam sthaapikkaan kongras amgeekaaram nalki. 1776 februvari 19nuu oru samsthaana smaaraka shushrooshayum shedule cheyyukayum nadathukayum cheythu. pathimoonnu kolanikalil udaneelam, montgomery oru naayakanayi kaanukayum deshasnehikal yudhathil avarude lakshyam pracharippikkan addehathinte maranam upayogikkaan sramikkukayum cheythu. montgomeriyude peru saahithyathil palappozhum upayogichirunnu; addehathinte peru upayogicha ezhuthukaaril thomas paine undaayirunnu. kavi aan elisa blicker addehathinte smaranaykkaayi oru "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" 
montgomery brittanil anushochanam rekhappeduthi. american kolanikalil britiish nayangalude parajayam kaanikkan wiggs thante maranam upayogikkaan shramichu. montgomeriyude sainika kazhivu pradhaanamantri loard north amgeekarichuvenkilum "montgomeriyude maranathil oru pothu nashtamaayi vilapikkunnathil enikku pankucheraan kazhiyilla. avante sadgunangale shapikkuka! avar addehathinte raajyathe attimarichu. addeham dheeranaayirunnu, kazhivullavanaayirunnu, manushyathvamullavanaayirunnu, udaaranaayirunnu, ennittum addeham dheeran kalivullavanum manushikanum udaaranumaaya oru vimathan mathramaayirunnu."landanile pathrangal montgomeric adaranjali arppichu," "sayahna poost" "athinte march 12 pathippinte karutha niratthil vilaapathinte adayaalamaayi athirthi pankidunnu".
anantharafalangal.
jaanett 53 varshatholam montgomery marikadannu. jaanett ellaayppozhum addehathe "ente general" allengil "ente sainikan" ennu vilikkukayum addehathinte prashasthi samrakshikkukayum cheythu. maranashesham, yudhathinu munbu montgomery jolie aarambhicha rainbekkinaduthulla veettilekku jaanett thamasam maari. yudhakaalam muzhuvan raashtreeyathil thaalparyam prakadippichirunna jaanett vishwastharude kadutha vimarshakanaayirunnu. yudhathinushesham, muun kondinental armi general horashio gates avalodu vivaham nirddeshichenkilum avar nirasichu. 1789-ll irelandile montgomeriyude chila bandhukkale sandarshikkaan pookunna vazhiyil jaanett newyork nagaratthil nirtthi. addeham presidentaayi sathyaprathinja cheythathine thudarnnundaaya washingtoninte udghaadana malsarathil avar pankedukkukayum washington kudumbatheyum niravadhi thavana sandarshikkukayum cheythu. taamasiyaathe irelandilekku kappal yaatra cheytha avar britiish-american raashtreeyathecholli bhaaryaasahodariyumaayi abhipraayavyathyaasamundaayi sesham 1790-ll amerikkayilekku madangi.
1818-ll newyork gavarnaraaya steefan vaan renselaire montgomeriyude avashishtangal cubeckil ninnu newyorkkilekku maattaan anumathi nedi. 1818 juunil montgomeriyude avashishtangal newyork nagaratthilekku purappettu. juulai 4nuu avar albanyil ethi, hudsonil ninnu newyork nagaratthilekku oru boat eduthu. jaanett thante poomukhathu nilkkukayum boat montgomeriyude avashishtangal nadiyilekku konduvarunnathu kaanukayum kaanumbol bodham nashtappedukayum cheythu. addehathinte bhouthikaavashishtangal newyork nagaratthil athiyappol 5,000 perr ghoshayaathrayil pankedutthu. juulai 8nuu sent centilulla addehathinte smaarakathinaduthayi addehathinte avashishtangal samskarichu. 1776ll poortthiyaaya maanhattanile polinte chaappal akkaalat vadakkan karolinayile joseph hevasinte samrakshanathilaayirunnu. chadangil santhoshicha jaanett ezhuthi, "ente pavam sainikante chithaabhasmathinu nalkia uyarnna bahumathiyekkaal kooduthal enikku matenthaanu aagrahikkaan kazhiyuka."
varshangalkk sesham, andrew jaaksan edward livingstanumaayi bandhappedumbol addeham ezhuthi, "ningalude prayamaaya sahodarikku (jaanett) enne ettavum manyamaaya vaakkukalil avatharippikkuka. avalodu parayunnu, njaan eppozhengilum avalude veettil ninnu nooru mylinullil ethiyaal njaan sandarshikkukayum desasnehiyaaya janathayude aadaraneeyamaaya avashishtam kaii kulukkunnathinte uyarnna bahumati nedukayum cheyyum. thante naattukaarude hridayathil ennum jeevikkunna montgomery."eee kathu ezhuthi moonnu maasangalkk sesham 1824 november 6nuu jaanett marichu.
smarakangal.
newyorkkile rainbekkile montgomeriyude veedu ippol general montgomery hausaanu, montgomery streettil ninnu 77 livingstan streettilekk maattiya charitraparamaaya house museum. reinbeck graamatthile ettavum pazhaya gadanayaaya eee kettidam american viplavathile penmakkalude chansalar livingstan adhyaayathinte prathimasa yogangalkkum upayogikkunnu.
1776ll aarambhichathum britishukaar pidichedukkunnathu thadayunnathinaayi poortthiyaakunnathinu munbu kathichathumaaya oru yudhakkappal ulppede niravadhi kappalukalkk yunaittad stetts naavikasena varshangalayi perukal nalkiyittundu.
1943ll nirmmicha "richard montgomery" enna liberty cargo kappal 1944ll tamas azhimukhathu mungi, avide avasheshikkunnu, athinte maastukal kaanikkunnu. 3, 173 tonn aayudhangalude charakk praadeshika pradeshathinu bheeshani uyarthunnu.
philadelphiyayil philadelphia museum oof aarttin sameepamulla fairmound parkkil montgomeriyude oru prathimayundu.
sthalangal.
thadaakam champlayinil 125 thokkukal gadippicha oru valia kallu kottayaaya fort montgomery generalinte perilaanu ariyappedunnathu. 1844 ll aarambhicha ithinte nirmmaanam, kaanadaykkum amerikkaykkum edayilulla thanthrapradhaanamaaya athirthi samrakshikkunnathinan roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu; innu avashishtangal maathrame avasheshikkunnulloo.
montgomeriyil addehathinte perilulla niravadhi sthalangalundu. north carolina, misauri, arkansas, illinois, indiana, kansas, maryland, ohiyo, pensylvania, newyork, jorjia, virgenia, kentakki ennividangalil addehathinte perilulla kaundikal kaanapedunnu. addehathinte perilulla nagarangalilum pattanangalilum aaa samsthaanathinte thalasthaanavum moonnaamathe valia nagaravumaaya montgomery, alabama, athupole montgomery, minnesota, montgomery, vermont enniva ulppedunnu. nyoojezhsiyil oru tounshippum newyorkkil oru pattanavum gramavum masaachyusetsil oru pattanavum undu.
merilaandile rockvilleyil sthithicheyyunna richard montgomery haiskool, addehathinte perilulla kaundiyil thanne sthithicheyyunnu, montgomery kaundi. 1803ll newyorkkile baaridaunilulla montgomery plays enna oru bhavanam nirmmikkukayum addehathinte bahumaanaartham addehathinte vidhava aaa peru nalkukayum cheythu. 1775ll graasmeril ninnu purappedunnathinu munbu general montgomery ithu aasoothranam cheythirunnu, 1776ll nirmmaanam aarambikkaan aadyam padhathiyittirunnu.
jorjiyayile savannayile montgomery streetinu addehathinte peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath.
paarambaryamaayi.
1926ll royal milittari koleju seyint-jainil kaanadayile charitraparamaaya sthalangalum smaaraka board sthaapicha oru kotta seyint-jeane phalakathil montgomery paraamarsikkunnu. "1743ll meter kondu nirmikkappettu. govarnor laa gaalisanniyarinte utharavanusarichu. eee poost lake chaampleynilekkulla ellah sainika paryaveshanangalkkum vendiyaayirunnu. 1760 august 31nuu, engleeshukaarude kaikalilekku veezhaathirikkaan govarnor dii voudrooyil nalkia utharavanusarichu kamaandant dii rockmemer ithu pottitherichu. 1773ll govarnor calton punarnirmmichu. athe varsham thanne 26-aamm rejimentile mejar chaals preestaninte neethrthwathil general montgomeriyude neethrthwathil american sainikarude 45 divasathe uparodhathe ithu athijeevichu."
janakeeya samskaarathil.
2015leeii broadway myoosikkal "haamilttan" enna gaanathil montgomery hrasvamaayi paraamarsikkunnu, athil aaron burr "cubeckil kazhuthil oru vediyunda pidikkunnathuvare general montgomeriyude keezhil captanaayirunnu" ennu parayunnu, ithu cubec yudhathile addehathinte maranathe soochippikkunnu.
sarr arther kwiller-kauchinte charitra novalaaya "fort amitti" (1904) yill nayakanaaya joonn eiii kleevinte cussin enna nilayilum addeham shradheyamaayi avatharippikkunnu.
paraamarshangal.
ezz.