
frinch thiyettar

pradhana naadaka sthaapanangalkku purathu nirmmikkunna naadakamaanu frinch thiyettar, athu palappozhum cherukidathum parambaraagathamallaathathumaaya shailio vishayamo aanu. eddinberg uthsavathinte athirthiyil ninnaan eee padam vannath. landanile, athirthikal cheria thothilulla theaterukalaanu, avayil palathum pabbukalkku mukalilaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, koodaathe newyorkkile oof-oof-broadway theaterukalkkum europile "free thiyettar" grouppukalkkum thulyamaanu.
frinch festivalukal allengil ooppan-axus festivalukal ennum ariyappedunna, nyaayeekarikkappedaatha naadakothsavangalil, ellah samarppikkalukalum sweekarikkappedunnu, chilappol pankedukkunna pravrithikal lottari vazhi thiranjedukkaam, niyamaparamaaya uthsavangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, avayude kalaparamaaya gunangale adisthaanamaakki pravrithikal thiranjedukkunnu. juurii cheyyaatha uthsavangal (eddinberg frinch, edmundon frinch festival, adalide frinch, frinch waled enniva polullava) kalakaaranmaare vaividhyamaarnna srishtikal avatharippikkan anuvadikkunnu.
charithram.
1947ll, ettu naadaka kambanikal eddinberg anthaaraashtra utsavathil prathyakshappettu, uthsavathile bahujanasamelanangalil ninnu amgeekaaram nedaamenna pratheekshayil. 1948-ll scotish pathrapravartthakanum naadakakrithumaaya roobert kemp eee saahacharyathe vivarichu, "audyogika utsava naadakatthinte arikilaayi, mumbathethinekkaal kooduthal swakaarya samrambhangal undennu thonnunnu... nammalil chilar vaikunnerangalil veettil undaakillenn njaan bhayappedunnu!". 1947ll "festival adjunkts" enna peril eddinberg festival frinch sthaapikkappettu.
american aikyanaadukalile oof-oof-broadway theaterukalkkum europile "free thiyettar" grouppukalkkum samaanamaayi 1960-kalil brittanile frinch prasthaanam aarambhichathayi parayappedunnu. 1950 kalude avasaanathil eee padam upayogathilaayi, broadwaylake maarunnathinumumbu 1960 ll edinbergil "bind dhii frinch" enna shhow pradharshippichu, ithu padinjaaran attamaan. 1963ll edinbergil traverse thiyettar srishticha american pusthaka vilppanakkaranaaya jaims hains frinch thiyettarile aadyakaala puthumayullavaril oraalaayirunnu. laa maama pareekshanathmaka thiyettar club, jersey grotovsky 13 varikalulla thiyettar, vaarsoyile joseph sajanayude studiyo thiyettar ennivayum eee kaalaghattatthil sradheyamaanu.
ippol lokathile randaamathe valia vaarshika kalamelayaya (eddinberg frinch kazhinjaal) thekkan australiyayile adalydile adalide frinch 1960 ll pradhana adalide kalaa uthsavathinte anubandhamaayi aarambhichu.
traaversinte thalavanayirikke heinsinu samsthaana pinthuna labikkukayum 1969ll oru puthiya thiyettar labikkukayum cheythu. 1969ll hains landanil arts laab srishtichu, pakshe athu rund varsham maathrame neenduninnulloo. peettar brook mattoru american chaals marovitsum chernnu 1968ll landanile tottenham court roadle ooppan space thiyettar thurannu. yuva britiish ezhuthukaar, 1968 meyy maasathil fraansile sambhavangalkk sesham, david muyal, howard brantan, david edger ennivayulppede agitprop naadakangal ezhuthi.
athesamayam, vietnaam yudhathinte rashtreeya prathishedham kaaranam amerikkayil pareekshanathmaka naadakavedi valarukayaayirunnu. juuliyan beck sthaapicha leaving thiyettar "pushpashakthi", "hippy" prasthaanatthinte nethaavaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
1970kalude thudakkathil pala frinch theaterukalkkum cheria subsidikal labhikkaan thudangi. 1973-74 ohari vipani thakarchaykku sesham, pala kambanikalum adachupoottaan nirbandhitharaayi. bush thiyettarilum kings head thiyettarilum puthiya naadakakrithukkal sthaapikkappettu, iruvarum apakadatthe athijeevichu. redu ladder thiyettar kambaniyum athijeevicha chila touring frinch grooppukalaayirunnu.
1960kalil franch theaterukal avarude saahasikata kaaranam aalukale aakarshikkunnavayaayirumnum 1970kalil nirmmaana nilavaaram uyarnnappol avaa kuranju.
1982ll vadakke amerikkayile aadyathe frinch festival alberta edmundanil aarambhichu. pinneedu ithu valia summerfestinte oru naadaka gadakamaayirunnuvenkilum kaanadayile ettavum valia vaarshika kalaa paripaadikalilonnaaya edmundon internaashanal frinch festival enna otappetta paripaadiyaayi parinamichu, ippozhum hajarnilayude adisthaanathil vadakke amerikkayile ettavum valia franchaanu. 1992ll sthaapithamaaya orlando, flundaanu amerikkayile ettavum pazhaya frinch utsavam. mattethoru bhookhandathekkaalum vadakke amerikkayil kooduthal frinch uthsavangalund.
utsava samghadana.
athirthi uthsavangalum parambaraagatha kalaa uthsavangalum thammilulla oru vyathyasam pankedukkunnavare thiranjedukkaan upayogikkunna reethiyaanu. saadhaaranayaayi, parambaraagatha uthsavangal juurii selection prakriya upayogikkunnu, athesamayam pala frinch uthsavangalum avayude thiranjedukkal maanadandangalil juurii prakriya upayogikkunnilla, athinaal vivaranakaaran juurii cheyyaathatho thuranna praveshanamullatho aanu. ithinu apavaadangalundu; chila athirthi uthsavangal (udha.jii.newyork internaashanal frinch festival) juurii adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru thiranjeduppu prakriya upayogikkunnu.
avarude professional allengil amachwar padavi pariganikkathe ellah kalakaaranmaarkkum apekshikkaan swaagatham cheiyunnu. chila uthsavangalil uchithamaaya ulladakka parimithikalulla kuttikalude mekhalakalundenkilum prakadanatthinte swabhaavam, shaili allengil theem ennivayil niyantranangalonnumilla. uthsavangalil labhyamaya sthalangalude ennathinu valareyadhikam apekshakar undayirikkaam; eee saahacharyathil, apekshayude kramam allengil kramarahithamaya samanila polulla bandhamillaattha maanadandatthe adisthaanamaakkiyaanu apekshakare thiranjedukkunnathu.
vividha uthsavangalkkanusarich prakadanangalude ennam vyathyaasappedunnu. valia uthsavangalil aayirakkanakkin prakadanangal undakam (udha.jii.edinburghinte 2013leeii utsavathil 45,464 prakadanangal undaayirunnu).
frinch festivalukalil saadhaaranayaayi ticket, sheduling, mothatthilulla pramoshan (ellah kalakaaranmaarum ulppedeyulla oru prograam polullava) enniva kaikaaryam cheiyunna oru pothu samghaadaka samghamundu. oro nirmmanavum eee groupinu oru nischitha phees nalkunnu, athil saadhaaranayaayi avarude steju samayavum samghadanaa gadakangalum ulppedunnu. samghaadaka samghavum koodaathe/allengil vedikalum palappozhum sannadhapravarthakarude oru valia koottatthe aasrayikkunnu.
uthsavangalkkanusarich ticket vila vyathyaasappedunnu. yuke frinch uthsavangalil, grouppukalkku avarude swantham ticket vila theerumaanikkaam, chilar onno rando thalangalil allengil 5 allengil 10 peradangunna grouppukalil nischitha nirakkil tikkattukal vilkkunnu.
uthsavathile eathenkilum vijayikale thiranjedukkunnathu samghaadaka samghathinu asaadhaaranamaanengilum, mattu samghadanakal palappozhum utsava entrikalekkurichu avarudethaaya theerumaanangal edukkunnu.
. utsavathinu prathyekamaayi pathrangalo prasidheekaranangalo nirmmanangal avalokanam cheyyukayum chila samghadanakal avaardukal nalkukayum cheyyaam. avaardukalo anukoolamaaya avalokanangalo nirmmaanangalude ticket vilppana vardhippikkukayo adhika theeyathikal cherkkunnathilekku nayikkukayo cheyyum.
oru saadhaarana uthppaadanathinte gadakangal.
uthsavathinte athirthi roopathil avatharippikkunna parimithikalum avasarangalum chila pothuvaaya savisheshathakalilekku nayikkunnu.
shokal vidhikkappedukayo niyamavidheyamaakukayo cheiyunnilla. janapreeti anusarichu, chila frinch uthsavangal eathokke shokalaanu thiranjedukkunnathennu nirnnayikkaan oru lottari samvidaanam upayogichekkaam.
pradarshanangal saadhaaranayaayi saankethikamaayi viralamaan. avaa saadhaaranayaayi pankitta vedikalilaanu avatharippikkunnath, palappozhum pankitta saankethika vidagtharum parimithamaaya saankethika samayavum ullathinaal settukalum mattu saankethika naadaka gadakangalum lalithamaayi sookshikkunnu. vedikal mattu upayogangalil ninnu poruthappedutthaam.
abhinethaakkal mukhyadharaa theaterinekkaal cheruthaanu; pala prakadana grouppukalum yaatra cheiyunnathinaal, vedikal (athinaal varumaanasaadhyatha) valare cheruthaanu, chelavukal saadhaaranayaayi kuranja alavil sookshikkanam. athinaal, oru vyakthiyude shokal franch uthsavangalil valare saadhaaranamaanu. 
festival productionukal palappozhum puthiya skripttukal pradarshippikkunnu, prathyekichu kooduthal avyakthavum, kadinavum, asaadhaaranavumaaya vasthukkalil. kalaparamaaya parisodhanayude abhavavum thaarathamyena eluppamulla praveshanavum risk edukkunnathu kooduthal praayogikamaakkunnu.
mikka mukhyadharaa naadaka pradarshanangalum rando moonno aaktukal dairkhyamullathum edavelakalkkoppam rando moonno manikkoor edukkunnathumaanenkilum, frinch shokal oru manikkoor, single-aakt productionukalkku aduthaayirikkum. oru frinch thiyettar shoyude ticket nirakkukal saadhaaranayaayi kuraykkunnathu ore vaikunneram onniladhikam shokalil pankedukkaan prekshakare anuvadikkunnu.
kalakaaranmaar chilappol pradeshavaasikalude veedukalil billatt cheiyunnu, ithu avarude chelavu kooduthal kuraykkunnu.

