
railway desasaalkkaranam

railway gathagatha asthikal pothu udamasthathayilekku kondupookunna pravarthanamaanu railway desasaalkkaranam. pala raajyangalum vyathyastha samayangalil avarude railway samvidaanathinte oru bhagam allengil muzhuvan deshasaalkkarichu.
aduthide, anthaaraashtra pravanatha svakaaryavalkkaranathilekkanu. chila pradeshangalil, prathyekichu grettu brittanil, track attakuttappanikalile thathfalamaayundaaya prasnangal kooduthal sammishra parihaaratthilekku nayichu, oru deshasaalkritha infrastructure oopparettar ennaal svakaaryamaayi nadathunna train operating kambanikal.
raajyangalude reyil shringhala vikasippicha gadanakale deseeya savisheshathakal swaadheenichu. chila deseeya reyilvekal ellaayppozhum nerittulla samsthaana maanejmentinu keezhilaayirunnu, chilath sarkkar aasoothrithavum ennaal svakaaryamaayi pravarthikkunnathumaayirnu (fraansilennapole, mattullava poornnamaayum swakaarya samrambhangalaayirunnu (grettu brittan, ireland, spain ennividangalilennapole). athinaal chila rajyangalil desasaalkkaranam mattullavayekkaal dheeramaaya oru chuvaduvayppaayirunnu. prathyayashaasthram oru punk vahichittundenkilum, palappozhum samgharshathil aarambhicha swakaarya kambanikalude mail sarkkar niyanthranatthinte oru kaalaghattathetthudarnnu, yudhathaal nasippikkappetta supradhana adisthaana soukaryangalude chittayaya punarnirmmaanatthinte aavasyavum undu.
russia.
russian saamraajyathile railway samvidaanangal nirmmichathu bharanakoodavum muthalaalikalum chernnaanu. communist bharanathinte pathanathinushesham muzhuvan railway samvidaanavum samsthaanathinte niyanthranathilaakkukayum angane thanne thudarukayum cheythu. innu russian reyilveyude sarkkar udamasthathayilulla kambanikku eee gathagatha mekhalayil kuthakayundu.
arjanteena.
britiish, arjanteen, franch thalasthaanangalumaayi vikasippichedutha arjanteen railway 1948ll president juvan peroninte aadya bharanakaalathu samsthaanam desasaalkkarikkukayum nilavilulla sarkkar udamasthathayilulla reyilveyil layippikkukayum cheythu. 1990kalil carlos meneminte navalibaral parishkaarangaletthudarnnu, samsthaanathinte adisthaanasoukaryangalkku elavu nalki sevanangal svakaaryavalkkarikkappedu. niravadhi apakadangalkkum svakaaryavalkkaranathinte keezhil sevanangal gurutharamaayi vashalaayathinum sesham, 2015 oode mikka railway lainukalum samsthaana niyanthranathilekku thirichetthi, phalatthil avaa veendum desasaalkkarikkappettu.
canada.
kaanadayil, canaden northen railway, grand trunk pasaphik railway, grand trunk railway ennivayulppede onnaam lokamahaayudhathetthudarnna papparaaya niravadhi reyilvekalude niyanthranam sarkkar etteduthu. 1918 desember 20nuu federal gavanment canadian naashanalukale (cn) srishtikkukayum thangalude niyanthranam ettedutha kambanikale cninu keezhil konduvarikayum cheythu. 1995ll cn svakaaryavalkkarikkappedu.
france.
1878-ll franch sarkkar parajayappetta patthu cheria railway kambanikal ettedukkukayum kemins dii ferr dii ettaatt sthaapikkukayum cheythu. 1908ll kambani kemins dii ferr dii louest ulppeduthi. 1938ll fraansile anchu pradhana reyilvekalude (1982ll aii. dii. 1) puthuthayi roopeekaricha ezz. enn. sii. eph layanathinte 51 sathamaanam udamasthaavakaasham franch samsthaanam etteduthu.
jarmmani.
jarmman samsthaanangalile aadyakaala railway palappozhum swakaarya samrambhakaraan nadathiyirunnathu. 1879 muthal prussian sarkkar pradhana railway deshasaalkkarichu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, prussia, bawaria, saxony, wurtemberg, badden, mcclenberg-schwerin, hess, oldenberg ennee samsthaana reyilvekalude niyanthranam jarmman reach etteduthu. 1924 februvariyil vyakthigatha railway dushe reachsban-jeselshaafttumaayi layippichu. 1937ll naasikal svakaaryavalkkarichappol lokathile ettavum valia pothu udamasthathayilulla kambaniyaayirunnu drg. randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbum sheshavum drg jarmman adhinivesha pradeshangalile dhaaraalam railway kambanikaleyum germmaniyile niravadhi cheruthum munbu swakaarya udamasthathayilullathumaaya lainukaleyum swaamsheekarichu.
randaam lokamahaayudhaanantharakaalath, 1945num 1949num idayil sakhya bharanathin keezhilaaya doow. doow. sarkkar udamasthathayilulla dushe bundesban, dushe reachsban (kizhakkan jarmmani) enningane vibhajikkapettu. db yude padinjaaran jarmman mekhalayil swakaarya railway nilaninnirunnuvenkilum yudhaananthara germmaniyile reyil gathaagathatthinte bhooribhaagavum db, dii. aarr. ennivayilninnaanu. jarmman punarekeekaranathinushesham, db, doorr enniva 1994ll dushe baann aayi.
db eji oru public limittad kambaniyaanengilum athinte ellah oharikalum nilavil federal republic oof jarmmani sarkkaarinte udamasthathayilaanu. deerghadoora buzz vipani thurakkunnathuvare thakarnnuthudangiya deerghadoora yaathrakkaarude mekhalayil (subsidy labhikkatha) avar ippozhum ardha-kuthaka kaivashappeduthunnunde, charakk, hraswadura yaathrakkaarude mekhalayil db eji ippol kadutha malsaram neridunnu (athil randaamathethu franchisic vidheyamaan), ithu eathoru thuranna praveshana malsarathinteyum bisinesses cases nashippichu. 2008 ll aadyam aasoothranam cheytha aipo anischithamaayi maattivachathinaal nilavil oru pradhana rashtreeya party ajandayil illa.
india.
1951 muthal indian railway sarkkar udamasthathayilullathaanu. ennirunnaalum, 2020 ll, chila roottukal svakaaryavalkkarikkaanulla padhathikal modhi sarkkar prakhyaapichu. ennaal vividha maadyamangalil prasidheekaricha lekhanangal prakaram railway mantri ezz. railway orikkalum svakaaryavalkkarikkillenna piyush goyal urappu nalkiyengilum deseeya gathaagathatthinte kaaryakshamamaya pravarthanatthinaayi swakaarya nikshepam prolsaahippikkumennu addeham paranju.
ireland.
1945 januvari 1 nuu grettu southu railway doublin yunaittad transport kambaniyumaayi layippichaan irelandil siye roopeekarichathu. thudakkathil oharikalaal parimithappedutthiya oru swakaarya kambaniyaaya siye 1950 ll desasaalkkarikkappettu. dveepile avasana swakaarya udamasthathayilulla mainline railway kambaniyaaya grettu northen railway 1953 ll airish, northen airish sarkkaarukalude samyuktha niyanthranatthil desasaalkkarikkappettu. 1958 ll ithu avasanippikkukayum athinte swathukkal siye yootayeyum thammil vibhajikkukayum cheythu.
itali.
ekeekaranathethudarnnu itaaliyan sarkkar railway anchu praadeshika kanseshankaare ealppichu. eee krameekaranam nannayi pravarthichilla, athu kaalaharanappedunnathin valare munbuthanne 1905 ll railway desasaalkkarikkappettu. desasaalkkarikkappetta oopparettar ferrovi dello staatto ennariyappedunnu. deseeya railwaykethire malsarikkunna oru ooppan axus athivega reyil oopparettar italikkundu; sncfinteyum swakaarya nikshepakarudeyum bhagamaaya newo trasporto viyaaggiyaattori.
jappan.
1906leeii railway desasaalkkarana niyamam jappaanile swakaarya railway lainukalil bhooribhaagavum pothu niyanthranathilaakki. 1906num 1907num idayil pathinezh swakaarya railway kambanikalil ninnu track vaangi. deseeya railway shringhala ekadesham trackayi valarukayum swakaarya railway praadeshika, praadeshika sevanangal nalkunnathilekku tharamthaazhthappedukayum cheythu. 1980kalil japanese deseeya railway svakaaryavalkkarikkunnathu prakriya aarambhichu, athu 2016 vare poornnamaayum poorthiyaayittilla, juuniyar groupile poornnamaayum samsthaana, swakaarya amgangal.
spain.
varshangalolam laabhakshamatha kuranjathinu sesham, spanish aabhyantharayudham deseeya reyil shringalaye thakarthu. 1941ll broad gej railway desasaalkkarikkappettu. idungiya gej railway pinneedu desasaalkkarikkappettu; ivayil chilath pinneedu orotta pradeshathinullil ulppetta svayambharana praadeshika sarkkaarukalilekku maatti. staanderd gej athivega lineukal thudakkam muthal sarkkar udamasthathayilulla oru samrambhamaayaan nirmmichathu.
yunaittad kingdom.
1914ll onnaam lokamahaayudham kaaranam railway sarkkar niyanthranathilaakkiyenkiye yuddham avasaanichu moonnu varshathinu sesham 1921ll yadhaartha udamakalkku thirike nalki. ennirunnaalum, athe varsham thanne sarkkar 1921-leeii railway niyamam avatharippichu. ithu pinneedu pravarthichirunna 120 railway kambanikale verum naalayi layippikkaan nirbandhithamaakki. 1923 januvari 1 nuu eee grouping audyogikamaayi nadannu. groupingil ninnu roopeekaricha naalu railway kambanikal grettu vestten railway, southu railway, lunden & north eestten railway, lunden, midu land & scotish railway ennivayaayirunnu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham railway samsthaanathinte niyanthranatthilaayi. shathrukkalude akramanangalaal avarkk kanatha kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum yudhashramathe sahayikkukayum cheythu, koodaathe yudhathinu munbu avasaanicha mahaamaandyam moolam saambathikamaayi kashtappedukayum cheythu. yudhaanantharam, 1947leeii gathagatha niyamam naalu pradhana reyilvekale desasaalkkarikkaan vyavastha cheythu. 1948 januvari 1nuu railway desasaalkkarikkappedukayum britiish transport kammeeshante mothatthilulla maanejmentinu keezhil britiish railway roopeekarikkappedukayum cheythu.
1940kalil alsttar transport athorittiyude (yuu. tii. eiii) keezhil vadakkan irelandile railway desasaalkkarikkappettu. westminstar sarkkar deshasaalkkaricha vadakkan kaundi kammitti niyanthrikkunna muun elms lineukal 1949 ll britiish transport kammeeshan yuu. tii. aykku vittu. 
svakaaryavalkkaranam.
1994num 1997num idayil britiish reyil svakaaryavalkkarikkappedu, karar prakaram sevanangal nalkunnathinulla utharavaadithamulla svakaaryamekhalayile oopparettarmaarude oru parambarayilekku kaimaattam ulppedunnu. mothatthil nooriladhikam kambanikal britiish reyilveyil ninnu etteduthu. 2001-ll track oopparettar railtrack papparaayi; ithu punasamghadippikkukayum network reyil ennu punarnaamakaranam cheyyukayum cheythu, niyamaparamaaya udamasthanillaathathum ennaal athinte bharanaghadanayiloodeyum dhanasahaayathiloodeyum phalapradamaayi sarkkar niyanthrikkunna oru swakaarya kambaniyaanu ithu. yunaittad kingdom sarkkar reyilveyil nikshepam thudarunnu, udaaharanathinu, chila intersity rolling stokku ettedukkal.
svakaaryavalkkaranathinte gunaparamaaya swaadheenam tharkkavishayamaan, yaathrakkaarude ennam erattiyiladhikavum (graph kaanuka) upabhokthru samthrupthi vardhippikkunnathum reyil subsidyude nilavaarathekkurichulla aashankakalum samvidaanathinte bhooribhaagavum ippol france, jarmmani, netherlands ennividangalile sarkkar udamasthathayilulla reyilveyude udamasthathayilulla subsidiarykalodu karar cheythirikkunnu enna vasthuthaye vimarsikkunnathum santhulithamaanu.
2015 epril muthal 2016 march vare 20 sathamaanam thekkan trainukal maathramaan krithyasamayathu athiyathu, driver maathram oodikkunna trainukalekkurichu vyaavasaayika tharkkam nilaninnirunnu. 2016 juunil, thangalude sevanangalude prakadanathekkurichulla vimarsanangalkkidayil, goo-aggar group thangalude gavia tamesink railway fraanchaisikalude pratheekshichathilum kuranja labhathekkurichu munnariyipp nalki, ithu goo-aggerways ohari vilayil 18 sathamaanam idivinu kaaranamaayi.
britiish reyilveyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, vadakkan ireland railway sarkkar udamasthathayilaanu.
2020 maarchil gathagatha vakupp ellah passenture lainukalum "emarjansi nadapadikal kararilekku" maattiyappol passenture reyil franchisee samvidaanam phalapradamaayi avasaanichu, athil franchisikal ippozhum line pravartthippikkum, ennaal sarkkar ellah chelavu-apakadasaadhyathayum ellah varumaanavum edukkum. pakarchavyaadhi samayat trainukal oodunnathu nilanirthunnathinulla oru thaalkkaalika nadapadiyaayirikkumennu thudakkathil karuthiyirunnuvenkilum 2020 septambaril gathagatha mantri graant shaps "oru puthiya railway roopappedumbol reyil franchising athinte terminasil athunnu" enna thalakkettil oru pathrakuripp prasidheekarichu. reyil svakaaryavalkkaranam "inii pravarthikkunnilla" ennum svakaaryamaayi nadathunna passenture reyil gathaagathathil ninnu maarinilkkunna oru maattam reyil franchaisikalumaayi "adiyanthara veendedukkal nadapadikal karaarukalil" aarambikkumennum sarkkar eee prasthavanayil sammathichu, avaykku oopparettarmaar paalikkenda kooduthal karsanamaaya maarganirddeshangalundu.
america.
1917ll america onnaam lokamahaayudhathil praveshichathinushesham, raajyathinte yudhashramangalkku sevanam nalkaanulla dauthyathinu raajyathe railway aparyaapthamaanennu thelinju. 1917 desember 26 nuu yuu.ezz. president vudro vilson federal opeseshan aandu kantrol act prakaram mikka american railway desasaalkkarikkukayum yunaittad stetts railway administration (yuu. ezz. aarr. eiii) srishtikkukayum cheythu.
1917 desember 28nuu reyilveyude niyanthranam ettedukkukayum karyakshamatha vardhippikkunnathinum chelavu kuraykkunnathinum niravadhi parishkaarangal avatharippikkukayum cheythu. ithu rolling stokku, steem locomotive designukal enniva staanderd cheythu. 1918ll yuddham avasaanichu.
1920 maarchil reyilveyude niyanthranam avarude yadhaartha udamakalkku thirike nalki. randaam lokamahaayudhaananthara varshangalil vipanikal maattunnathiloode railway punasamghadippikkaan nirbandhitharaayappol charakk pravartthanangalum trackinte bhooribhaagavum swakaarya samrambhangalayi thudarunnu. 1943 desember 27nuu president rooswelt oru panimudakku pariharikkunnathinayi eathaanum aazhchakalkk railway deshasaalkkarichu.
yudhaananthara varshangalil antharsamsthaana haiway samvidaanathinte nirmmaanathinum trekkingilekk maarunnathinumulla sheshamulla gathaagathatthile mattangal kaaranam, irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil railway vyapakamaaya punasamghadanayiloodeyum kuraviloodeyum kadannupoyi. kooduthal kudumbangal swakaarya vaahanangalude udamasthathayum upayogavum ullathinaal yaathrakkaarude ennam prathyekichum kuranju. nilavilulla trackukal upayogichu yaathrakkaarude pravartthanangal thudaraan sramikkunnathinaanu president richard niksante keezhil amtrack sthaapithamaayathu. badal gathaagathamillaatha chila pradeshangalilekkulla sevanam thudarunnathinum vadakkukizhakkan edanaazhiyilennapole kooduthal idathoornna pradeshangalile tirakkeriya roadukal ozhivaakkunnathinum ithinu subsidy nalkiyittundu. pinneedu papparaaya reyilveyil ninnum konteyililum ninnu amtrack chila trackukal vaangi.
2020 octoberil railway varkkezhs yunaittad cocus yuu. esinte pothu udamasthaavakaashathinaayi aavasyappettu.ezz. 2023 januvariyil amerikkayile yunaittad electrical, radio, mesheen workermar railway pinthudarnnu. kurachu samayathinu sesham, februvariyil. 2023-ll eest palestine, ohiyo, reyil unionukal, purogamanavaadikal ennividangalile norphoc sathen train paalam thettunnath railway deshasaalkkaranathinte saadhyathaye thudarnnu.