
reggy

1960 kalude avasaanathil jamaikkayil uthbhavicha oru sangeetha vibhagamaanu reggy (). jamaikkayudeyum athinte pravaasikaludeyum aadhunika janapriya samgeethatheyum eee padam soochippikkunnu. 1968-leeii single bye toots aandu dhii maidels, "duu dhii regge", "reggy" enna vaakk upayogicha aadyathe janapriya gaanamayirunnu, eee vibhaagathin phalapradamaayi peru nalkukayum aagola prekshakarkku parichayappedutthukayum cheythu. mikka janapriya jamaikkan nritha samgeethatheyum soochippikkaan chilappol vishalamaaya ardhathil upayogikkumbol, "reggy" enna padam parambaraagatha mentoo, american jaas, rhythm aandu blues ennivayaal shakthamayi swaadheenikkappedukayum munkaala vibhagangalaaya skaa, rockstedy ennivayil ninnu parinamikkukayum cheytha oru prathyeka sangeetha sailiye kooduthal shariyaayi soochippikkunnu. rege saadhaaranayaayi vaarthakal, saamoohika gosippukal, rashtreeya vyaakhyaanam enniva vivarikkunnu. baas, drum daunbeett, offbeat rhythm vibhaagam ennivaykkidayilulla kaundarpooyintil ninnu ithu thalkshanam thirichariyaan kazhiyum. ska, rockstedy ennivayilaayirunnu reggeyude uthbhavam; randaamathethil ninnu, oru thaalavaadya upakaranamaayi baas upayogikkunnathu reggy etteduthu.
paan-aafrikkanisathe prolsaahippikkuka enna lakshyathode 1930-kalil jamaikkayil vikasicha oru aphrocentric mathamaaya rasthaafaariyumaayi reggy aazhathil bandhappettirikkunnu. rustafarian prasthaanam prathyakshappettathin thottupinnaale, rege samgeethathinte anthaaraashtra janapreeti rasthaafaariyude drishyaparatha vardhippikkukayum athinte suvishesham lokamembaadum pracharippikkukayum cheythu. rasthaafariyude supradhana sandeshangal athikkunnathinulla oru pradhana maargamaan rege samgeetham. samgeethajnjan sandeshavaahakanaakunnu, rastafari athu kaanumbol, "sinikanum samgeethajnjanum maattathinulla upakaranangalaan."
shailiparamaayi, rege rhythm aandu blues, jaas, mentoo (nritha samgeethamaayi grameena prekshakare sevikkunna oru aaghosha, grameena naadodi roopam, praadeshika sabhaa gaanangalude sthuthigeethangalkkum anuyojyamaaya manthrangalkkum pakaramaayi), calypso ennivayude chila sangeetha gadakangal ulkkollunnu, koodaathe parambaraagatha aafrikkan naadodi thaalangalil ninnu swaadheenam cheluthunnu. ettavum eluppathil thirichariyaan kazhiyunna gadakangalilonnaanu offbeat thaalangal; alavinte offbeettukalil oru gittaaro pianoyo (allengil randum) vaayikkunna staakkatto cordukal. regeyude vegatha saadhaaranayaayi ska, rockstedy ennivayekkaal mandagathiyilaanu. kooll, prathikaranam enna ashayam reggy samgeethathiludaneelam kaanam. drum, baas ennivayaanu reggy samgeethathinte reethikk neethrthwam nalkunnathu. toots aandu maidelsil ninnulla jackie jaaksan, bob marley aandu weylarsil ninnulla calton baarat, skattaattaittukalil ninnulla lloyd brevett, toots aandu maydelsil ninnulla pooll dougless, skattaattaittukalil ninnulla lloyd naib, vinsttan grenan, slai danbaar, attaattarukalil ninnulla aanthani "benbo" kreeri ennivayaanu eee shabdathile chila pradhana kalikkaar. baas gitaar palappozhum reggeyil pradhana punk vahikkunnu. reggeyile baas shabdam kattiyullathum bhaarameriyathum thulyamaayathumaan, athinaal uyarnna aavruthikal neekkam cheyyukayum kuranja aavruthikalkku oonnal nalkukayum cheiyunnu. reggyile gitaar saadhaaranayaayi thaalatthinte offbeettilaanu vaayikkunnath. jamaikkan paattoyis, jamaikkan engleesh, ayyarik bhaashaabhedangalil reggy paadunnathu saadhaaranamaanu. pala reggy gaanangalum sneham, saamoohikavalkkaranam thudangiya laghuvaayathum kooduthal vyakthiparavumaaya vishayangal charcha cheiyunnuvenkilum saamoohika vimarshanathinteyum mathathinteyum paarambaryatthinu reggy prashasthamaan.
palappozhum praadeshika upakaranangal ulppeduthukayum mattu vibhagangalumaayi samyojippikkukayum cheiyunna reggy lokamembaadumulla pala raajyangalilekkum vyaapichittund. spanish samsaarikkunna madhya american rajyamaaya panaamayil ninnu thekke american rajyangalaaya veneswelayilekkum gayaanayilekkum pinneedu thekke amerikkayude mattu bhaagangalilekkum reggy enn spanish vyaapichu. 1960 kalude avasaanam muthal reggy ulppedeyulla yunaittad kingdatthile caribean samgeetham janapriyamaan, koodaathe niravadhi upavibhagangalaayum samyojanangalaayum parinamichu. niravadhi reggy kalakaaranmaar yukeyil avarude currier aarambhichu, koodaathe niravadhi europian kalakaaranmaarum baandukalum jamaikkayil ninnum europile caribean samoohathil ninnum nerittu prachodanam ulkkondittundu. 1980ll bob marley simbabwe sandarshichathode aafrikkayile reggy valarnnu.
padavyuthpathishaasthram.
jamaikkan engleesh nighanduvinte" 1967-leeii pathippil "regge" "aduthide sthaapithamaaya oru" "regge" "aayi pattikappedutthiyittundu". ezz. pii. rej" ennathinu, "rej-rej" ennathilennapole, "chappuchavarukal, chappuchavarukal" allengil "oru tharkkam, oru varii" ennu ardhamaakkunna oru vaakk. "reggy" enna sangeetha padamaayi 1968-ll purathirangiya "doow dhaa regge" enna rockstedy hittilaan eee vibhaagathin peru nalkiyathu.
jamaikkan paattoyis padamaaya "stregay" (ayanja sthree) yeei "regay" ennu mattiyathinu clancy ecclessine reggy charitrakaaranaaya steevu baaro credit cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, toots hibert paranju
jamaikayil "stregay" enna peril njangal upayogichirunna oru padamundu. oru penkutty nadakkukayum aankuttikal avale nokki "manushya, aval stregeyaanu" ennu parayukayum cheythaal athinartham aval nannayi vasthram dharichitilla ennaanu, aval parukkanayirikkunnu ennaanu. penkuttikal purushanmaarekkurichum angane thanne parayum. innu raavile njaanum ente rund suhruthukkalum kalikkukayaayirunnu, njaan paranju, "sharee manushya, namukk rege cheyyaam."athu ente vaayilninnu vanna oru kaaryam mathramaayirunnu. athinaal njangal "duu dhaa reggay, duu dhaa reggay" ennu paadukayum oru beett srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu. njangal shabdathinu athinte peru nalkiyathaayi aalukal pinneedu ennodu parayunnu. athinumumbu aalukal ithine blue-beett ennum matellaa tharatthilumulla kaaryangalum ennum vilichirunnu. ippol ithu ginness recordsinte lokathaanu.
raajaavinte samgeetham" ennarthamulla oru spanish padatthil ninnaan "reggy" enna vaakk vannathennu bob marley avakashappettu. kristhyan gospel reggeyude samahaaramaaya "tuu dhaa king" ennathinte liner kurippukal soochippikkunnathu "reggy" enna vaakk 'rajaavilekku' ennartham varunna laattin padatthil ninnaan uruthirinjathennu soochippikkunnu.
charithram.
mungaamikal.
parambaraagatha caribean mentoo, calypso samgeetham, american jaas, rhythm aandu blues ennivayaal shakthamayi swaadheenikkappetta 1960 kalile jamaikkayile skaa, rockstediyilaanu reggeyude nerittulla uthbhavam. 1961 num 1967 num idayil record cheytha jamaikkan samgeethathinte pothuvaaya thalakkettaayirunnu ska, ithu pradhaanamaayum american aarr & bii, duu-voppu ennivaye adisthaanamaakkiyulla jamaikkan aarr & biyil ninnaan uyarnnuvannathu. restaafaari chila rajyangalil pradhaanamaayum rege samgeethathiloodeyaanu praveshichathu; athinaal, eee sthalangalile prasthaanam rege samgeethathilum saamoohika anthareekshathilum athinte uthbhavam kooduthal mudrakuthunnu. kaundu oosiyeppolulla rasta drummermar seminal recordingukalil pankedutthukondu restafaari prasthaanam reggeyil kaaryamaaya swaadheenam chelutthi. restarian jeevithathil oru saamudaayika dhyana parisheelanamaayi avatharippikkunna aachaaraparamaaya drumming shailiyaaya nabbingi thaalamaanu reggy drumminginte mungaamikalilonnu.
irupathaam noottaandinte avasana pakuthiyil, rege samgeethathinte vikasanathil pradhana saamskaarikavum saambathikavumaaya punk vahikkunna phonograph recordukal jamaikkan sangeetha vyavasaayathin kendra praadhaanyamullathaayi maari. "1950 kalude thudakkathil jamaikkan samrambhakar 78 kall puratthirakkaan thudangi, ennaal eee formet taamasiyaathe 1949 ll aadyamaayi purathirangiya 7 'single upayogichu marikadakkappettu. 1951 ll mentoo samgeethathinte aadya recordingukal single aayi purathirakkukayum rund shailiyilulla mentoo pradarshippikkukayum cheythu oru shabda grameena shaili, oru jassie poppu shaili. eee samayat jamaikkayil prathyakshappetta mattu 7 "singles janapriya american aarr & bii hittukalude kavarukalaayirunnu, kingsttan soundu sisttam oopparettarmaar pothu nrithangalil play cheiyunnathinaayi nirmmichu. athesamayam, jamaikkan pravaasikal yunaittad kingdatthil cheria swatantra labelukalil 45 kall puratthirakkaan thudangi, avaril palarum jamaikkan 45 kall muthal nerittu praaveenyam nedi.
american aarr & bii, mentoo, calypso samgeethathinte eee mishrithathil ninnu vikasippichedutha 1950 kalude avasaanathil jamaikkan studiyokalil ska uyarnnuvannu. jaas swaadheenamulla hoonn refukalkku peruketta skayude savisheshathakal quarter nottu wacking baas line, gitaar, piano offbeatukal, baakkbeettil cross-stikku keniyum baas drumm ulla drum paatten, offbeettukalil hye-haatt thurakkuka ennivayaanu. 1962ll jamaikka swaathanthryam nediyappol, svanthamaayi samgeetham thedunna yuva jamaikkakkaarkk thiranjedukkaavunna samgeethamaayi skaa maari. brittanile modukalkkidayilum ska janapriyamaayi.
1960 kalude madhyathil, ska rockstedic kaaranamaayi, kooduthal romaantik varikalum kuranja pradhana honukalum ulkkollunna skayekkaal mandagathiyilulla oru vibhaagamaanith. jamaikkan sangeethanjjar enthukondaanu skoo tempo mandagathiyilaakki rockstedy srishtikkunnathennathine dhaaraalam sidhaanthangalundu; gayakanaaya hoppettan levis thante hitt gaanamaya "take ittu eesi" skaa tempoyil paadaan kazhinjilla ennathaanu onnu. alton ellis oru gaanam purathirakkiyathinu sheshamaan "rockstedy" enna peru krodeekarichathu. niravadhi rockstedy thaalangal pinneedu reggy recordingukalude adisthaanamaayi upayogichu, avayude mandagathiyilulla tempokal offbeatil "double scank" gitaar strockukal anuvadichu.
jamaikkayile aavirbhavam.
1960 kalude avasaanathil ska, rockstedy ennivayil ninnaan reggy vikasichathu. lariyudeyum aalvinteyum "naani gott", beltonukalude "noow morr hartchase" enniva eee vibhaagathile gaanangalil ulppedunnu. eee beett rockstediyil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu, athu minusamaarnnathum, hridayasparshiyaayathumaaya shabdathilekku eathu veshavum upekshichu, athu slick american aarr & biyude savisheshathayaanu, pakaram us sathen fankumaayi bandhatthil kooduthal aduthirunnu, athu oodikkaan thaalam vibhaagathe valareyadhikam aasrayichirikkunnu. reggeyude valia nettam athinte eathaandu paridhiyillaattha vazhakkamaayirunnu liie periyude "peeppil funny booy" enna aadyakaala, viraykkunna shabdam muthal moonnaam lokathinte "ippol njangal sneham kandethiyirikkunnu" enna uyarnna pradeshathe shabdangal vare, ithu varshangaliloodeyum shailikaliloodeyum oru valia kuthichuchaattamaayirunnu, ennittum randum reggiyayi thalkshanam thirichariyaan kazhiyum. jackie mittoo, vinsttan raitt thudangiya jamaikkan sangeethanjjar thudakkamitta oorgan shuffle, eric monty morris (1968), liie scratch perri (1968) ennivarude "seey yuu aarr seey" (1968) ennee traansishanal singlesil avatharippikkappettathaan rockstediyil ninnu reggiyilekkulla maattam.
1968-nte thudakkathilaanu aadyathe "sathyasandhamaya" reggy recordukal purathirangiyathu laari maarshalinte "naani aadu", beltonukalude "inii hridayavedanayilla". athe varsham thanne, ettavum puthiya jamaikkan shabdam mattu rajyangalil valia perulla anukarikkunnavare srishtikkaan thudangi. american aartist johnny naashinte 1968 leeii hitt "hold mii taitt" american shrothru pattikayil regge aadyamaayi ulppeduthiyathinte bahumati nediyittundu. athe samayam thanne, roock, poppu samgeethathil reggiyude swaadheenam prathyakshappedaan thudangi, oru udaaharanam 1968 leeii beettilsinte "obu-laa-dii, obu-laa-daa" aanu.
1963ll bob marley, peettar tosh, bunny vailar ennivar chernnu aarambhicha dhii veylezhs enna baand orupakshe aadyakaala jamaikkan janapriya samgeethathinte moonnu ghattangaliloodeyum parivartthanam cheytha ettavum amgeekritha baandaanu skaa, rockstedy, reggy. oru dasaniladhikam vailezhs ganangal jamaikkan mentoo gaanangalil ninnulla oru variye adisthaanamaakkiyullatho upayogikkunnatho aanu. 1964 ll anthaaraashtra thalatthil smash hittaaya "mye booy lollipop" enna blue-beett/skaa cover pathippin peruketta prins basttar, desmond decker, kenn booth, millie small ennivaraanu reggeyilekku kuthichukayariya mattu pradhana skaa kalakaaranmaar.
scoe rockstediyilekkum reggiyilekkum vikasippikkunnathil swaadheenam cheluthiya sradheyamaaya jamaikkan nirmmaathaakkalil iva ulppedunnu koksasoon dooad, liie "scratch" perry, lesley kong, duke reed, joou gibbs, king tubby. 1960ll jamaikkayil ailand records sthaapicha kriss blackwell 1962ll englandilekku thamasam maari, avide addeham jamaikkan samgeethathe prothsaahippikkunnath thudarnnu. 1968ll liie gopthaalinte trojan recordukalumaayi addeham oru pankaalittham roopeekarichu, athu 1974ll saaga recordukal vaangunnathuvare yukeyil regge puratthirakki.
anthaaraashtra janapreeti.
reggeyude swaadheenam yuu. yude mukalilekku kuminjukoodunnu.ezz. "1972 avasaanathode "parasyaboard" 100 charttukal. aadyathe moonnu dogg naitt nambar hitt cheythu. septambaril 1 nuu "karuppum veluppum" enna meytonukalude pathippinte puramchattayodoppam. appol johnny naash nambar onnamathaayirunnu. enikku ippol vyakthamaayi kaanaan kazhiyum" ennathumaayi novemberil naalu aazhchathekku 1. pooll saimaninte ekagaanamaaya "amayum kunjum veendum onnikkunna"-jimmy cliffinte backing groupinoppam jamaikkayile kingstanil addeham record cheytha oru track-parasyabordil nambar rank cheythu. 1972leeii 57 ganangal.
1973ll jimmy cliff abhinayicha "kadinamaaya avar varunnu" enna chithram purathirangukayum jamaikkaykku purathulla sinima prekshakarkku jamaikkan samgeetham parichayappedutthukayum cheythu. eee chithram aradhana padavi nediyengilum athinte parimithamaaya aakarshanam ardhamaakkunnathu bob marleyude 1974 leeii "aii shoat dhii sherief" enna eric klaapttante kavarinekkaal cheria swaadheenamaanu, athu lokamembaadumulla mukhyadharaa roock, poppu radio steshanukalude playlistukalil idam nedi. klaapttante "aii shoat dhii sherief" aadhunika roock nirmmanavum recording saankethikavidyakalum upayogikkukayum yadhaartha reggy gadakangalil bhooribhaagavum vishwasthathayode nilanirthukayum cheythu; parady illaatha oru vazhithirivaayirunnu ithu, koodaathe bob marleyude samgeetham vishalamaaya roock prekshakarkku athikkunnathil ithu oru pradhana punk vahichu. 1970 kalude madhyathode, joonn peelinte radio shoyil aadhikaarikamaaya reggy dub plettukalum specialukalum yukeyil kurachu exposure labikkukayum addeham thante kariyarinte backie samayangalil eee vibhaagathe prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. ekadesham athe samayam, britiish chalachithra nirmmathaavaaya jeremi maar "rutes roock reggy" yill jamaikkan sangeetha rangam rekhappeduthukayum rutes reggeyude paraakaashta pidichedukkukayum cheythu.
1970 kalile enna prathisandhiyethudarnnu jamaikkayil uthppaadippikkunna reggy recordukalude gunanilavaaram moshamaayappol, mattidangalil uthppaadippikkunna reggy thazhachuvalaraan thudangi. 1970 kalude avasaanathilum 1980 kalude thudakkathilum yuke pank roock rangam abhivridhi praapikkukayum reggy sradheyamaaya swaadheenam cheluthukayum cheythu. dii. jeey doonn letts roxy polulla klabbukalil reggy, pank trackukal kalikkum. samgharsham, rutts, amgangal, slittukal thudangiya pank baandukal reggayude swaadheenamulla niravadhi ganangal aalapichu. ekadesham athe samayam, englandinte aantharika nagarangalude bahujaatheeya ghadana srishtichathum steel pulse, aswad, yubi 40 thudangiya grouppukalum smiley kalchar, karol thompson thudangiya kalakaaranmaarum udaaharanamaayi eduthathumaaya reggy samgeetham yukeyil oru puthiya paatha sweekarichu. varikalkk pakaram jamaikkan ghetto prameyangal yuke innar sitti prameyangalaakki maattukayum jamaikkan paattoyis kokni slaamgumaayi kalarukayum cheythu. eee samayathaan southu landanil, lavezhs rokkinte oru puthiya upavibhagam srishtikkappedunnathu. pradhaanamaayum gregory isaakkukaleppolulla purusha kalakaaranmaarude aadipathyamulla athe perilulla jamaikkan samgeethathil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, southu lunden vibhaagathe nayichathu thompson, jaanett keeii thudangiya vanita gaayakaraan. yuke lavezhs rokkinu mriduvum kooduthal vaanijyaparavumaya shabdamundaayirunnu.1980kalude thudakkathil anthaaraashtra aakarshanam aasvadicha mattu reggy kalakaaranmaaril moonnaam loka, black uhuru, panchasaara minot enniva ulppedunnu. 1985ll mikacha raggi aalbam vibhaagathinulla grammy award grammy avaardukal avatharippichu.
specs-shang myoosikkinte president oliviya granch, ailand/jamaikkayude president trish farrell, loose peeranki president lisa courtus, swatantra reggy sangeetha vyavasaayathil pravarthichittulla jamaikkan-american shaaron gorden thudangiya reggy sangeetha vyavasaya udyogastharilum sthreekal oru punk vahikkunnu.
reggy paithrikam.
jamaikkan pradhaanamantri broose golding 2008 februvary jamaikkayile aadyathe vaarshika reggy masamakki maatti. aaghoshikkunnathinaayi, jamaikkayude (riam) recording industry association 2008 februvari 24 nuu athinte aadyathe reggy akkadami avaardukal nadatthi. koodaathe, reggy maasathil aarr divasathe aagola reggy konfarans, oru reggy philim festival, rund radio steshan award chadangukal, bob marley thante priyappetta gayakanaayi udharicha antharicha dennis brouninu adaranjali arppikkunna oru kacheri enniva ulppedunnu. bisinesses vashath, regeyude thozhilavasarangalilum saadhyathayulla anthaaraashtra varumaanathilum shradha kendreekarichulla paripaadikal riam nadatthi. . korpparettu reggy chadangukal muthal februvari 6 nuu bob marleyude janmadinathodulla bahumaanaartham pradhana aakhoshangal vare, februvari 24 nuu dennis brounine aadarikkunna oru adaranjali kacheri vare, 2019 februvari 23 nuu kingstanile hoopp gaardanil nadanna thalsamaya thalsamaya paripaadikku reggy grammy naamanirddesham cheytha aartist protoje nadatthiya vittutheernna kacheriyum ulppede onniladhikam paripaadikalode jamaikkayile reggy maasathe swaagatham cheythu.
2018 novemberil yuneskoyude manushyaraashiyude adrishyamaaya saamskaarika paithrukathinte prathinidhi pattikayil "jamaikkayude reggy samgeetham" chertthu, aneeti, prathirodham, sneham, manushyathvam thudangiya vishayangalil anthaaraashtra vyavahaarathin reggayude sambhavana amgeekaricha theerumaanam gadakathinte chalanaathmakathaye adivarayidunnu, athu oresamayam mastishka, saamoohika-rashtreeya, indriya, athmeeya gadakamaanu."
sangeetha savisheshathakal.
shailiparamaayi, reegiyil rhythm aandu blues (aarr & bii), jaas, mentoo, calypso, aafrikkan, laattin american samgeetham, mattu vibhagangal ennivayude chila sangeetha gadakangal ulppedunnu. rund gaayakarulla drum, kongas, keyboardukal enningane rund gitaarukal, onnu thaalathinum onnu leed gaanathinum ullathaanu reggy ramgangal.
samamithamaaya thaalaparamaaya paatten mattu samaya signecharukalkku svayam nalkaathathinaal reggy krithyasamayathaanu vaayikkunnath. ettavum eluppathil thirichariyaan kazhiyunna gadakangalilonnaanu offbeat thaalangal; alavinte offbeettukalil oru gittaaro pianoyo (allengil randum) vaayikkunna staakkatto cordukal, palappozhum scank ennu vilikkunnu.
eee thaalaparamaaya paatten oro baarileyum randaamatheyum naalaamatheyum thaalangale ucharikkukayum beett treeykku drumminte oonnal nalkikkond oru savisheshamaaya padaprayogam srishtikkukayum cheiyunnu. rege offbeat kanakkakkiyaal athu oro ennathinum idayil "umm" umm aayi varum (udaaharanathina 1 umm 2 umm 3 umm 4 umm, muthalaayava.) allengil vegathayude eratti vegathayil oru pakuthi samayam anubhavamayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, athinaal ithu beett 2,3,4 ennivayil veezhunnu. ithu mattu janapriya vibhagangal beett onnil shradha kendreekarikkunna reethikk vipareethamaayi, "daunbeett".
regeyude vegatha saadhaaranayaayi skaa, rockstedy ennivayekkaal mandagathiyilaanu. eee mandagathiyilulla vegatha, gitaar/piano offbeatukal, moonnaamathe beettinu oonnal, syncopated, melodic baas lainukalude upayogam ennivayaanu regge mattu samgeethathil ninnu verthirikkunnathu, ennirunnaalum mattu sangeetha shailikal eee puthumakalil chilath ulppeduthiyittundu.
drummukalum mattu thaalavaadyangalum.
oru saadhaarana drum kitt saadhaaranayaayi reggail upayogikkunnu, ennaal kenii drum palappozhum timbles tharatthilulla shabdam nalkunnathinu valare uyarnna tyoon cheiyunnu. chila rege drummermar eee shabdam labhikkunnathin oru adhika timble allengil uyarnna tyoon cheytha kenii upayogikkunnu. kenii drummile cross-stikku saankethikavidya saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu, toom-toom drummukal palappozhum drumbeatil thanne ulppeduthunnu.
reggy drumbeatukal moonnu pradhana vibhagangalaayi vibhajikkunnu "vann drope", "rokkezhs", "steppezhs". oru thulli" ennathukondu, oonnal poornnamaayum baakkbeettilaan (saadhaaranayaayi keniyil, allengil baas drummumaayi samyojippicha side stikku). janapriya samgeethathil asaadhaaranamaaya oru adanja uyarnna thoppi ozhike beett vann shoonyamaanu. eee beett randum naalum varunnathinu regge kanakkaakkano atho eratti vegathil kanakkaakkano ennathinekkurichu chila vivaadangalundu, athinaal ithu moonnil veezhunnu. baarat avatharippicha oru udaaharanam bob marleyilum veylezhs gaanamaya "vann dropilum" kelkkaam. baarat palappozhum hye-haattil asaadhaaranamaaya triple cross-rhythm upayogichu, ithu bob marley vailarmaarum "kayaa" aalbathile "oottam" polulla niravadhi recordingukalil kelkkaam.
baakkbeettin oonnal nalkunnathu ellah reggy drumbeatukalilum kaanapedunnu, ennaal "rokkezhs" beettil baarinte naalu beettukalilum (saadhaaranayaayi baas drumil) oonnal nalkunnu. eee thaalathinu thudakkamittath thanthrashaalikalum robiyum aanu, avar pinneedu danshalline valareyadhikam swaadheenicha "rubb-eiii-dub" shabdam srishtikkaan sahayichu. wiling blues" enna pusthakatthil paranjirikkunnathupole, 1970 kalude arambham muthal pakuthi vare american drummer erl yangum mattu disco, aarr & bii drummermar kettukondu eee shaili srishtikkaan thaan swaadheenikkappettathaayi slii prasthaavichu. eee shailiyude maathrukaaparamaaya udaaharanam shakthiyeriya vajrangal "sariyaaya samayat" slai danbaarinte drummingle kaanapedunnu. rokkezhs" beett ellaayppozhum nereyalla, koodaathe vividha syncopationukal palappozhum ulppeduthiyittundu. sponchi reggy" enna karutha uhuru gaanam ithinu oru udaaharanamaanu.
steppezhsil", baas drum baarinte oro quarter beatum play cheiyunnu, ithu beettinu oru nirbandhitha drive nalkunnu. bob marley vailarmaarum ezhuthiya "exodus" oru udaaharanamaanu. steppezhs" beettinte mattoru saadhaarana peru "florile naalu" ennaanu. 1975ll kathunna kunthatthinte "chuvapp, svarnnam, pacha" (drummukalil leroy valas) enna gaanam aadyakaala udaaharanangalilonnaanu. 1970 kalude avasaanathilum 1980 kalude thudakkathilum chila rund-toonn skaa punarujjeevana baandukal "steppezhs" beett sweekarichu (valare uyarnna vegathayil).
rege drumminginte asaadhaaranamaaya oru savisheshatha drum nirayunnath palappozhum oru climatic simbalil avasanikkunnilla ennathaanu. reggeyil mattu thaalavaadya upakaranangalude oru vishalamaaya shreni upayogikkunnu. aafrikkan shailiyilulla cross-rithamkal valareyadhikam upayogichu swathanthravum mechappettathumaaya paattenukal kalikkaan bongos palappozhum upayogikkunnu. kaubellukal, klevukal, shakerukal ennivaykku kooduthal nirvachikkapetta rolukalum oru nischitha paattenum undu.
reggy drummermar palappozhum mattu reggy kalakaaranmaarkkaayi eee moonnu nurungukal ulppeduthunnu (1) scay rockstedy vaayikkumbol thuranna, ring tonukalkku pookuka, (2) baas drum niraykkaan labhyamaya eathenkilum metteeriyal upayogikkuka, angane athu kick karshanamaakkunnu, aazhathilullathum panchi thadu, (3) raidu simbal illaathe pookuka, timekeepinginaayi hye-thoppiyil shradha kendreekarikkuka, aaksantukalkk vegathil shayikkunna nerttha kraashukal.
baas.
baas gitaar palappozhum reggeyil aadhipathyam pulartthunnu, koodaathe jamaikan samgeethathil, "ridim" (thaalam) ennu vilikkappedunnathinte ettavum pradhanappetta bhagamaanu drumm basses, ithu (saadhaaranayaayi lalithamaaya) samgeethamaanu, ithu vividha kalakaaranmaar pattukal ezhuthaanum record cheyyaanum aavarthikkunnu. noorukanakkinu reggy gayakar ore thaalathil record cheytha vyathyastha ganangal purathirakkiyittundu. baassinte kendra punk prathyekichum dub samgeethathil kelkkaam-ithu drum, baas line ithilum valia punk nalkunnu, ithu shabdavum mattu upakaranangalum peripheral rolukalaayi kuraykkunnu.
reggeyile baas shabdam kattiyullathum bhaarameriyathum thulyamaayathumaan, athinaal uyarnna aavruthikal neekkam cheyyukayum kuranja aavruthikalkku oonnal nalkukayum cheiyunnu. lalithamaaya coord purogathikal upayogikkumbol baas line palappozhum aavarthichulla rando naalo baar riff aanu. ithinte ettavum lalithamaaya udaaharanam black uhuru hittaaya "shine aii gall" enna robby shakespeareude baas linayirikkaam. joonn holtinte "pranayathil aparichithan" enna pathipp polulla kooduthal sankeernamaaya harmonic gadanakalude kaaryatthil, eee lalithamaaya paattenukal coord purogathi pinthudarunnathinu paatten nerittu neekkukayo allengil vaakyathile chila interior nottukal maattukayo cheythukondu maattunnu.
gitaarukal.
reggyile gitaar saadhaaranayaayi thaalatthinte oof beettil play cheiyunnu. athinaal oraal samayathil ennukayum "1,2,3,4 enniva ennukayum cheiyunnundenkil...", oraal beettinte", "bhagangal" ennivayil oru daunstrokku kalikkum. scank allengil 'baang' ennariyappedunna oru sangeetha vyakthithvathinu valare nananjathum hraswavum chorichilulavaakkunnathu oru shabdamundu, eathaandu oru thaalavaadya upakaranam pole. gitaar ippozhum oof beettukal play cheyyumbol chilappol eratta choppu upayogikkunnu, ennaal up-strockil inipparayunna ettaam nottu beettukalum play cheiyunnu. oru udaaharanam vailezhs "elakkuka" enna aamukhamaanu. kalakaran nirmmaathaavumaaya derick haariyat parayunnu, "sangeetha vishayam sarikkum vyaapakamaayirunnu, pakshe oru prathyeka tharatthilulla aalukalkkidayil maathram. athu ellaayppozhum oru daun-taunn kaaryamaayirunnu, pakshe samgeetham kelkkunnathinekkaal kooduthalaayirunnu. upakaranangal valare shakthavum vaib valare shakthavumaayirunnu, athu njangalkk anubhavappedunnu."
keyboardukal.
skaa recordingukalude aadyakaalam muthal, rhythm gittaarinte scank erattiyaakkaanum body cherkkaan "staakkatto" shailiyil cordukal vaayikkanum idaykkide adhika beettukal, runs, riffs enniva vaayikkanum piano upayogichirunnu. 1980kalil piano bhagam vyaapakamaayi synthesisermaar etteduthu, ennirunnaalum 1970kall muthal aakasmikamaaya gaanangalum ethirgaanangalum avatharippikkan synthesiserukal oru peripheral rolil upayogikkunnu. valia baandukalil onnukil oru adhika keyboardist ulppedaam, hoonn, melody lineukal maraykkunnathino maattisthaapikkunnathino allengil pradhana keyboardist rando athiladhikamo keyboardukalil eee rolukal niraykkunnu.
reggayude oorgan-shuffle reggayude savisheshathayaanu. reggeyude yadhaartha pathippil, drummer naalu baar aamukhathil upayogichirunna oru reggy grove vaayikkukayum piano oru thaalavaadya upakaranamaayi pravartthikkaan anuvadikkukayum cheythu. saadhaaranayaayi, oru hanmond oorgan-stail shabdam oru asthiramaaya anubhavathode cordukal play cheyyaan upayogikkunnu. ithine "bubble" ennu vilikkunnu. ithu ettavum budhimuttulla reggy keyboard thaalamaayirikkam. avayava kumila rund adisthaana paattenukalaayi vibhajikkaam. aadyathethil, ettaamathe beettukal kalikkunnathu space-idathu-valath-idathu-space-idathu-valath-idathu paatten upayogichaanu, avide speysukal kalikkaatha daunbeettukale prathinidheekarikkunnu-athu idathu-valath-idathu idathuvashathu veezhunnu. randaamathe adisthaana paattenil, gitaar vibhaagathil vivarichirikkunnathu idathu kaii eratta choppu vaayikkunnu, athesamayam valath kaii beett 2-ll (allengil eratta samayat ennukayaanengil 3 adikkuka) allengil eratta choppukalkkidayil samanvayippicha paatten ennivayil neelamulla nottukal vaayikkunnu. eee rund paattenukalum vipuleekarikkanum mechappeduthiya alankaarangal chilappol upayogikkaanum kazhiyum.
kombukal.
hoonn vibhagangal palappozhum reggeyil upayogikkunnu, palappozhum aamukhangalum kaundarmelodikalum kalikkunnu. oru saadhaarana reggy hoonn vibhaagathil ulppeduthiyittulla upakaranagalil saxophone, kahalam allengil trombone enniva ulppedunnu. sameepakaalath, yadhaartha kombukal chilappol reggail synthesiserukalo record cheytha saambilukaloo upayogichu maattisthaapikkappedunnu. hoonn vibhaagam palappozhum aadya honinu chuttum krameekarichirikkunnu, oru lalithamaaya ragam allengil kaundar melody vaayikkunnu. aadyathe kombinoppam saadhaaranayaayi randaamathe kombum ore raaga vaachakam oru ashtakathil kooduthal ekathaanamaayi vaayikkunnu. moonnaamathe kombu saadhaaranayaayi oru ashtakavum aadya kombinekkaal anchaamathethu uyarnnathum aalapikkunnu. kombukal saadhaaranayaayi valare mriduvaayi vaayikkunnu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi shaanthamaaya shabdathinu kaaranamaakunnu. ennirunnaalum, chilappol kooduthal uyarnna vegathaykkum aakramanathmaka shabdathinum vendi panchar, uchathilulla vaakyangal vaayikkunnu.
shabdam.
mikkavarum eathu gaanavum oru reggy shailiyil avatharippikkan kazhiyunnathinaal reggeyile shabdangal upakaranathekkaalum thaalathekkaalum eee vibhaagathinte nirnnayaka swabhaavam kuravaanu. ennirunnaalum, jamaikkan paattoyis, jamaikkan engleesh, ayyarik bhaashaabhedangal ennivayil reggy paadunnathu valare saadhaaranamaanu. swara samanvaya bhagangal palappozhum upayogikkunnu, onnukil raagathiludaneelam (sakthamaaya vajrangal polulla shabda grouppukalumaayi) allengil pradhana swararekhayude ethirbinduvaayi (backing gayakaraaya aii-treesineppole). abyssinians, britiish reggy baand steel pulse thudangiya grouppukalude kruthikalil kooduthal sankeernamaaya shabda krameekaranangal kaanam.
pala gayakarum "vibratto" (pitch aandolanam) ennathinekkaal "tremolo" (vooliyam aandolanam) upayogikkunnu ennathaanu reggy aalaapanathinte asaadhaaranamaaya oru vasham. eee saankethikavidyayude sradheyamaaya gadakangalil hooras andy, vokkal group israel vibration enniva ulppedunnu. toasting vokkal stail reggeyude savisheshamaan, dii. jeey. ezz paattukalkk (allengil "toasts") samsaarikkunna aamukhangal mechappeduthumbol athu oru prathyeka thaalaathmaka shabda shailiyaayi maarukayum saadhaaranayaayi raappinte munnodiyaayi kanakkaakkukayum cheiyunnu. ithu pradhaanamaayum raappil ninnu vyathyasthamaan, kaaranam ithu saadhaaranayaayi meladic aanu, athesamayam rapp saadhaaranayaayi meladic ulladakkamillaatha oru samsara roopamaanu.
gaanarachanayude vishayangal.
pala reggy gaanangalum sneham, saamoohikavalkkaranam thudangiya laghuvaayathum kooduthal vyakthiparavumaaya vishayangal charcha cheiyunnuvenkilum, gaanarachanayile saamoohika vimarshana paarambaryatthinu reggy prashasthamaan. aadyakaala reggy baandukalil palathum mottoun allengil atlaantik soul, funk ganangal ulkkollunnu. bhouthikavaadathe vimarshikkukayo varnnavivechanam polulla vivaada vishayangalekkurich shrothaavine ariyikkukayo cheyyuka polulla chila reggy varikal prekshakarude rashtreeya avabodham uyarthaan shramikkunnu. pala reggy gaanangalum rastafari prasthaanatthile oru koodaashayaayi kanakkaakkappedunna kanchaavinte ("herb", "ganja" allengil "synsemilla" ennum ariyappedunnu) upayogathe prothsaahippikkunnu. oru prathyeka matha vishayam charcha cheiyukayo daivathe sthuthikkukayo (jaa) cheiyukayo cheiyunna mathaparamaya vishayangal avarude samgeethathil upayogikkunna niravadhi kalaakaaranmaarund. karutha deseeyatha, vamseeyatha virudhatha, colonialism virudhatha, muthalaalitha virudhatha, rashtreeya samvidaanangale vimarsikkal, baabilon ennivayaanu reggy gaanangalile mattu pothu saamoohika-rashtreeya vishayangal.
sameepa varshangalil, jamaikkan (jamaikkakkaarallaatha) reggy sangeethanjjar reggy samgeethathil kooduthal positteev theemukal upayogichittundu. jamaikkayude oru amoolyamaaya saamskaarika kayattumathiyaayi samgeetham parakke kanakkaakkappedunnu, athinaal avarude dweep raashtrathin purogathi aagrahikkunna sangeethanjjar prateeksha, vishwaasam, sneham ennee vishayangalil shradha kendreekarikkaan thudangi. praadhamika kuttikalkkayi, bob marley ezhuthiya "oru cheria sneham nalkuka", "oru sneham" allengil "moonnu cheria pakshikal" thudangiya reggy ganangal avarude shubhaapthivishwaasathinum santhoshakaramaaya varikalkkum vendi paadaanum aaswadikkaanum kazhiyum.
danshall, reggy varikal ennivaye vimarshikkunnu.
chila danshall, raaga kalakaaranmaar akrama bheeshanikal ulppede swavarggabheeshanikku vimarshikkappettittundu. buju baantante "boom bye-bye" enna gaanam swavarggaanuraagikal "haffy marichupoyi" ennu parayunnu. aanaa, boundi killer, bee maan ennivaraanu homophobia aaropichittulla mattu sradheyamaaya danshall kalakaaranmaar. swavarganuraga virudha varikale chuttipattiyulla vivaadam bee maanteyum sissalayudeyum yuke toorukal radhaakkaan kaaranamaayi. kaanadayile torrentoyil aanaa manushyan sissala polulla kalakaaranmaar samanamaaya sensorship sammarddangalkku anusrithamaayi pravartthikkaan visammathichathinal kacherikal raddaakkappettu.
stopp mardhar music sakhyathil ninnu lobying nadatthiya sesham, swavarggaanuraagikalkkethir vidveshavum akramavum prothsaahippikkunna ganangal purathirakkunnathu nirthaan danshall sangeetha vyavasaayam 2005 ll sammathichu. 2007 juunil, bee maan, sissla, cappleton ennivar mikacha danshall promotermaarumaayi edapazhakukayum sangeetha pravartthakare kollunnath avasanippikkukayum cheythukondu reggy anukambayulla niyamathil oppuvachu. avar swavarggabheethi upekshikkukayum "oru samudaayathil ninnumulla archethireyum vidveshamo akramamo ulavaakkunna prasthaavanakalo gaanangalo nadathaathirikkaanum" sammathikkukayum cheythu. homophobia virudha kaambayin lakshyamitta aanaa, toock, boundi killa, wibes cartle ennivayulppede anchu kalakaaranmaar eee aaktil saine upp cheythilla. reggy anukamba niyamathil oppuvachukondu swavarggaanuraagam parasyamaayi upekshichathinu buju baantanum veyu mans lokamembaadum nalla maadyama kavarej nedi. ennirunnaalum, eee rund kalakaaranmaarum homophobia virudha pravarthanangalil earppettitlennu nishedhikkukayum atharamoru pravrithiyil oppuvechathayi iruvarum nishedhikkukayum cheythu.
aagola praadhaanyam.
palappozhum praadeshika upakaranangal ulppeduthukayum mattu vibhagangalumaayi samyojippikkukayum cheiyunna reggy lokamembaadumulla pala raajyangalilekkum vyaapichittund. 2018 novemberil unesco "jamaikkayude reggy samgeetham" manushyaraashiyude adrishyamaaya saamskaarika paithrukathinte prathinidhi pattikayil chertthu.
america.
thekke american karibeen pradhana bhoopradeshathu ninnu veneswella, gayana ennividangalil ninnu thekke amerikkayude mattu bhaagangalilekku reggy enn spanol vyaapichu. saadhaaranayaayi laattin american vamshajanaaya kalakaaranmaar spaanishil aalapikkukayallathe ithinu prathyeka savisheshathakalonnumilla. samba jamaikkan regga chernna misrithamaayaanu samba reggy brazeelil uthbhavichath. meksikkoyile veracruzilum reggake saannidhyamund. ettavum sradheyamaaya jarocho reggy group salappayil ninnulla loss aguas aguas aanu. chilian baand gondwana, arjanteeniyan baand loss kapharas thudangiya thekkan konil ninnaan laattin amerikkayiludaneelamulla ettavum janapriyamaaya reggy grouppukal varunnath. puerto rican baand kalchara profattikkayum eee mekhalayil vyaapakamaayi amgeekarikkappettittundu. hyspanic reggail moonnu gadakangal ulppedunnu spanish bhaashayude samyojanam; ariyappedunna ridimukaleyum pashchaathala samgeethatheyum adisthaanamaakkiyulla vivarthanangaludeyum pathippukaludeyum upayogam; praadeshika avabodham. bhoogarbhathil ninnu uyarunna kalapa malsarathinte maadhyamamaanith. hyspanic reggy rappumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu, avar eee pradeshathu vikasicha saamoohika saahacharyangalil mathramalla, avare swaagatham cheiyunna saamoohika mekhalakaludeyum varggangaludeyum savisheshathakalilum kaanapedunna savisheshathakal pankidunnu.
brazilian samba-regga pouraavakaasha prasthaanam, black soul prasthaanam, prathyekichu 1960kall muthalulla jamaikkan swaathanthrya prasthaanam, reggayilum rastaafaariyilum athinte sandeshangal thudangiya vishayangal upayogichu. angane, brazeelile baahiyayile reggy samgeethathinteyum samgeethajnjarudeyum pettennulla janapreeti anthardesheeya sangeetha vyavasaayathinte falamaayirunnilla, marichu samanamaaya saamoohika-rashtreeya saahacharyangal abhimukeekarikkukayum abhimukeekarikkukayum cheytha amerikkayiludaneelamulla karutha samoohangalumaayi saamskaarikavum raashtreeyavumaaya bandham sthaapikkendathinte aavasyakathayaanu.
samgeethaparamaayi, bloco afro olodavum athinte pradhana thaalavaadakanaaya neeguinjo doow samba blocosile adisthaana samba beettine merangue, salsa, reggy thaalangalumaayi samyojippikkaan thudangukayum 1986 leeii carnivalil avarude pareekshanangal aarambikkukayum cheythu. puthiya (drumming paattenukal) "samba-regay" ennu label cheyyukayum adisthaanaparamaayi surdo baas dramukal (avayil naalennam) naalo ancho interlocking bhagangalaayi vibhajikkunna oru paatten ulkkollukayum cheythu.
vadakkukizhakkan brazeelile maranho samsthaanathu, reggy valare janapriyamaaya oru vibhagamaanu. samsthaana thalasthaanamaaya saavo luis brazilian jamaikka ennariyappedunnu. dussen kanakkinu sakthamaaya amplifierukalulla djs soundu sisttangalum roopeekaricha soundu teamukalkk nalkiyirikkunna 200-ladhikam perukalaanu nagaratthilullathu. maranhoyile reggaik raagavum nritha sailiyum polulla athintethaaya savisheshathakalundu, athupole thanne athintethaaya radio, television paripaadikalum undu. samsthaanathinte reggy saamskaarika charithram samrakshikkuka enna lakshyathode 2018ll lokathile randaamathe reggy myoosiyamaaya (jamaikkaykku sesham) maranhoyile reggy museum udghaadanam cheythu.
yunaittad stetsil, rebilution, alppam stupid, stikku figure, soja thudangiya baandukal purogamana reggy bandukalaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, chilappol kaalii reggy allengil pasaphik dub ennu vilikkunnu. american reggy rangam thekkan california kendreekarichaanu, valia ramgangal newyork sittiyilum, washington dii.sii., chikkago, miyami, honolulu. pathittaandukalaayi, havaian dveepukalilum american aikyanaadukalude padinjaaran theerathum havaian reggikalkku valia anuyaayikalund. kizhakkan theerathu 1980kalilum 1990kalilum eee pradeshathu avatharippicha jamaikkan reggy baandukalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkonda bheeman paanda garilla dub squad, joonn brouninte body thudangiya yadhaartha raggi baandukalude vardhanavu apsattett nyoo yorkkil undaayittund. parambaraagatha jootha prameyangale reggayumayi samyojippichukondu matisiahu praadhaanyam nedi. hassan shailiyude upayogam koottikkondu, maadisiyaahuvinte varikal kooduthalum engleeshilaanu, idaykkide hebru, yiddish enniva upayogikkunnu. kaanadayile torrentoyilum montriyalilum valia caribean saannidhyamund, rege vibhaagathil engleesh, franch swaadheenamundu. canadian baand majik!'2013leeii 'ruud' enna single anthaaraashtra hittaayirunnu.
2016-leeii chronix kazhinjaal 2017-ll, toottukalum meydalukalum coachella festivalil prakadanam nadathunna randaamathe reggy adhishtitha groupaayi maari.
europe.
1950kalilthanne kudiyeraan aagrahikkunna caribean janathayude praadhamika lakshyasthaanamaayirunnu yuke. ekkaaranathaal, reggy ulppedeyulla yunaittad kingdatthile caribean samgeetham 1960 kalude avasaanam muthal janapriyamaan, koodaathe niravadhi upavibhagangalaayum samyojanangalaayum parinamichu. ivayil ettavum sradheyamaayathu lavezhs rokkaan, ennaal jamaikkan samgeethathinte engleesh samskaravumaayulla eee samyojanam drum, baas, dubstep thudangiya mattu sangeetha roopangalude roopeekaranathil adisthaanaparamaayirunnu. niravadhi jamaikkan kalakaaranmaar europe paryadanam nadatthiya aditharayaayi yuke maari, avide kudiyeriya dhaaraalam jamaikkan sangeethanjjar kaaranam, innu nilanilkkunna valia europian ramgathinte moolamaanu yuke. lokathile ettavum prashastharaaya reggy kalakaaranmaaril palarum yukeyil avarude currier aarambhichu. gayakan grammy award jethaavumaaya raggi aartist maxi preest seminal britiish soundu sisttam saaksan studiyo internaashanaliloodeyaanu thante currier aarambhichath.
1978-leeii poleesinte aadya aalbamaaya "outlandos dii amoor"-ll ninnulla moonnu reggy-ting singles dhaaraalam roock/reggy gaanarachanayude adisthaana gadanaykkulla template thayyarakki gitaarilo keybordukalilo uyarnna strockukalum corus samayat kooduthal aakramanathmakavum oonn-dhii-beett pank/roock aakramanavum adangiya oru reggy-infused padyam. 1970kalude avasaanathil yukeyil skaa punarujjeevanam nadannu. 1970kalude avasaanathode, specials, madness, dhii (engleesh) beett, dhii selector thudangiya baandukalulla oru punarujjeevana prasthaanam englandil aarambhichu. specialistinte nethaavum keyboard vaadakanumaaya jerry damers 2 toonn record label sthaapichu, ithu melpparanja vamsheeyamaayi samyojitha grouppukalil ninnulla aalbangal purathirakkukayum oru puthiya saamoohikavum saamskaarikavumaaya avabodham srishtikkunnathil nirnaayaka punk vahikkukayum cheythu. 2 toonn prasthaanam reggeyude godfaadarukal, janapriya shailikal (eee vibhaagathinte vegathayeriyathum kooduthal nritha-adhishtithavumaaya mungaamikal, ska, rockstedy enniva ulppede), munkaala vasthradhaarana reethikal (karutha syoottukal, porkpi thoppikal enniva polullava) ennivaye paraamarsikkunnu, ennaal vegathayeriya tempo, kooduthal gitaar, kooduthal manobhaavam enniva upayogichu shabdam apdettucheythu.
1980kalilum 1990kalilum britiish reggy ramgathinu pradhana sambhavanakal nalkiyathu burmingham aasthaanamaayulla reggy/poppu music baandaaya yubi 40 aayirunnu. redu redu wine", "kingsttan taunn", "(enikku sahayikkaan kazhiyilla) thudangiya hittukaliloode anthaaraashtra vijayam nedi."
anthaaraashtra swaadheenam cheluthiya mattu yuke aasthaanamaayulla kalakaaranmaaril aswad, mastti inn rutes, steel pulse, jaanett keeii, tippa airi, smiley kalchar, aduthide bitti mcclean enniva ulppedunnu. samakaalika jamaikkan samgeethavumaayi erekkure saamyamulla samgeethavum shabdashailikalum ulla niravadhi europian kalakaaranmaarum baandukalum jamaikkayil ninnum europile caribean samoohathil ninnum nerittu prachodanam ulkkondittundu. ettavum mikacha udaaharanagal alborosi (itali), jentilmen (jarmmani) ennivayaayirikkaam. pala europian kalakaaranmaaril ninnum vyathyasthamayi jentilmentum alborosi jamaikkayil ganyamaaya chart swaadheenam cheluthiyittundu. avar jamaikkan labelukalkkum nirmmaathaakkalkkumaayi jamaikkayil samgeetham record cheyyukayum purathirakkukayum cheythittundu, koodaathe janapriya kalakaaranmaaraanu, avar pala ridimukalilum prathyakshappedaan saadhyathayund. 1990 kalude avasaanam muthal jamaikkayil thamasikkunna alborosi bob marleyude prashasthamaaya tuff gong studiyoyil record cheythittundu. 1990 kalude thudakkam muthal, aphrica unite, gaudi, reggy naashanal tikkattukal, sudd soundu sisttam, pittura fresca, bii ennivayulppede niravadhi itaaliyan reggy baandukal uyarnnuvannittund.aarr. stylermaar.
1970 kalude avasaanathil yugoslavil janapriya sangeetha rangathu reggy prathyakshappettu, vividha roock aakttukalude edaykkideyulla gaanangaliloode, pradhaanamaayum puthiya taranga bandukalaaya hosttar, sarlo akrobatta, aerodrome, laboratoria swuka, pilotti, saana, duu duu eiii enniva. 1980 kalude madhyathil dell arno baand prathyakshappettu, palappozhum aadyathe yugoslav bandai kanakkaakkappedunnu, athinte shabdam praadhamikamaayi reggi adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayinu, yugoslavinu sheshamulla sangeetha ramgathe ettavum sradheyamaaya regga prakadanangalilonnaayi ithu thudarunnu.
1980kalil israel polulla grouppukalilaanu aadyathe thaddesheeya poolish reggy baandukal aarambhichath. gayakan gaanarachayithaavumaaya alexander barrickin russian reggeyude pithavaayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. sweedenil, vadakkan europil udaneelam pankedukkunnavare aakarshikkunna upsala reggy festivalil rutwalta, swenska academian thudangiya sweedish reggy baandukalum niravadhi janapriya jamaikkan kalakaaranmaarum ulppedunnu. europile ettavum valia reggy utsavamaaya sammarjam germmaniyile kolonilaanu nadakkunnathu, 25,000 allengil athil kooduthal aalukal ivide kaanapedunnu. 2009 vare italiyile oosooppooyil nadannirunna orazhcha neenduninna utsavamaaya rottattam sunsplash ippol speyinile benicasim nagaratthil nadakkunnu, koodaathe ellah varshavum 150,000 sandarshakare shekharikkunnu.
aislaandil aarr sidikal puratthirakkiya raggi baandaaya hjalmar nannayi sthaapithamaanu. avar aislaandile aadyathe reggy bandayirunnu, ennaal islandic sangeetha ramgathekku athunnathinu munbu kurachu islandic kalakaaranmaar reggy shailiyil ganangal ezhuthiyittundu. islaantik reggy rangam athivegam vikasikkukayum valarukayum cheiyunnu. anchu djsukal ennunna aadyathe islandic soundu sistamaanu aarvike soundu sisttam. ellah maasavum avar raikjaavikkil klabbukalaaya hemmy oog valdiyilum aduthide faaktoriyilum rege naitukal nadathunnu, kaaranam janakkoottam valareyadhikam vardhichu.
germmaniyil, vijayakaramaya moonnu reggy sammarjam ooppan eyar festivalukal germmaniyile caribean samgeethathinte navothaanatthinte nirnaayaka bhagangalaayirunnuvenkilum 1990 ll, muun seasonukalil nannayi sahakaricha rund pradhana jarmman promotermaar thammil samgharsham pottipurappettu. dhaaraalam aabhyanthara kalahangalum vyakthiparamaaya kalahangalum undaayirikke, oororutharum oru valia venalkkaala utsavathinulla swantham thayyaareduppukal thudarnnu. ore divasam rund ooppan eyar evantukal nadakkunnathaanu phalam.
1990 leeii reggy sammarjam pathivupole oru divasathekku mathramaayirunnu. maadu professorude ariva poses vithu mcca bii, coffey, muthabaaruka, shaktharaaya vajrangal, twinkle sahodaranmaar, manuu dibango, phela kudi thudangiya kalakaaranmaarkkoppam loreli roock amphy theaterilaanu paripadi nadannathu.
orikkal yoonit cheytha promotermaarude muun pankaliyaaya matoraal aadyamaayaanu yadhaartha sunsplash paakkej jarmmaniyilekku konduvarunnathil vijayichathu. grameena thekkan-madhya germmaniyile aazhathilulla gemanden enna cheria graamatthile pradhana nadikku sameepam, avar rund divasathe utsavam samghadippikkukayum athu valia janakkoottathe aakarshikkukayum cheythu. raajyathinte vividha bhaagangalil ninnum trans polulla ayal samsthaanangalil ninnum, aadyamaayaanu kizhakkan germmaniyil ninnum 10,000tholam aalukal mikacha reggy kalakaaranmaarude nira kaanaan athiyathu.
aphrica.
1980 epril 18 nuu swaathanthryadinathil bob marley simbabwe sandarshichathode aafrikkayile reggy valareyadhikam valarnnu. 1970 kalil nigerian reggy vikasikkukayum majek faashekkineppolulla kalakaaranmaar janapriyamaakukayum cheythu. dakshinaafrikkayil, cape tounile saamskaarika grouppukalkkidayil reggy samgeetham oru ekeekritha punk vahichittundu. varnnavivechana varshangalil, samgeetham ellah janasamkhyaa grouppukalil ninnumulla aalukale bandhippichu. reggi embaakkamgayumaayi samyojippichu lucky dube 25 aalbangal record cheythu. philippiyile marcus garvi rastha camp keppu tounile regge, rastafari kendramaayi palarum kanakkakkunnu. niyaamgayile solani sentar polulla community sentarukalil reggy baandukal pathivayi kalikkunnu.
ugaandayile samgeethajnjanaaya pappa sidi valare janapriyamaan. arther lutta oru ugandan gospel reggy drummer koodiyaanu, reggy shailiyilulla drummingin perukettayaalaan. ethiopiyayil, dub colosus adrishya samvidaanavum 2008 ll uyarnnuvarikayum pradhana amgangal pankidukayum cheythu, avaykku valia prashamsa labikkukayum cheythu. maaliyil, askia modibo reggi mallion samgeethavumaayi samyojippikkunnu. malaviyil karutha missionarymar ombathu aalbangal nirmmichu. reggy samgeetham valare janapriyamaaya oru rajyamaaya anakkombu theerathu, tiken jaa fakoli reggi parambaraagatha samgeethavumaayi samyojippikkunnu. anakkombu theerathu ninnulla alfa blondy mathaparamaya varikalkoppam reggy paadunnu. sudanile beats, drum, baas gitaar enniva praadeshika samgeetham sweekarichittundu. cheruppam muthal prayamaayavar vareyulla thalamurakalkkidayil reggy valare janapriyamaan; chila athmeeya (matha) grouppukal dreadlockukal valarthukayum avarude manthrangalil reggy beettukal avatharippikkukayum cheiyunnu.
eshya.
philippeensil niravadhi baandukalum soundu sisttangalum regge danshall samgeethavum play cheiyunnu. avarude samgeethathe pinoy reggy ennu vilikkunnu. 1980kalude thudakkathil japanese reggy uyarnnuvannu. thaaylandilum reggy kooduthal prachaaratthilundu. sreelankayil reggy samgeetham valare janapriyamaan. thaaylandile dveepukalilum beechukalilum kooduthalaayi kaanapedunna reggy samgeethavum rastafari swaadheenavum koodaathe, thaaylandile nagarangalilum pattanangalilum oru yadhaartha reggy upasamskaaram veroonnukayaanu. job 2 polulla niravadhi thaay kalakaaranmaar thaaylandil reggy samgeethathinteyum aadarshangaludeyum paarambaryam nilanirthunnu.
prashastha indian gaayakan kailash kherum sangeetha nirmmaathaav klintan serejo chernnu kookk studiyo indiaykkaayi reggiyudeyum indian samgeethathinteyum apoorva samyojanamaaya "kalapi" srishtichu. eee uyarnna nilavaaramulla kashanam ozhike, reggy indiayile oru cheruthum uyarnnuvarunnathumaya ramgathil parimithappedutthiyirikku. indiayile keralam aasthaanamaayulla oru navaa-indian baandaaya thaikkudam bridge, indian praadeshika bluesil regge avatharippikkunnathil prashasthamaan.
austreliyayum pasafikkum.
1980kalilaanu australiyayile reggy uthbhavichath. stikki viralukal, blue king braun, jyotishaasthra klaas enniva australian reggy grouppukalil ulppedunnu.
1980kalude avasaanathode, havaayiyile praadeshika sangeetha ramgangalil praadeshika roopamaaya rege enna javaian samgeethathinte aadhipathyam undaayirunnu.
1979ll bob marleyude raajya paryadanatthilum aushadhasasyangal polulla aadyakaala reggy grouppukalilum ninnu nyoosiland reggy valareyadhikam prachodanam ulkkondirunnu. phaatt freddies drope, salmonella dub, black seeds, cachafire thudangiya niravadhi baandukal sameepakaalath uyarnnuvannirikkunnu, palappozhum electronicayumaayi samyojippikkappedunnu.
2017ll radio avathaarakan dii. jeey. rags, sangeetha nirmmaathaav dii. jeey. wade, danshall reggy austreliya ennivar chernnaanu regge, danshall samgeethathinaayi samarppichirikkunna aadyathe chart austreliyayil sthaapichathu.
coode reggy.
caribean ithara aalukal cheiyunna reggikale vivarikkan coode reggy enna padam janapriyamaayi upayogikkunnu, palappozhum aadhikaarikathayillennu thonnunnathinaal avahelanaparamaaya reethiyil. coode regeyile "grettukalil" oralaayi jorj enna baalane visheshippichittundu.

