
joonn oo 'sullivan (sainikan)

sarr joonn vilyam oo sullivan (c. 1700-sii. 1760) oru airish professional sainikanaayirunnu, addeham thante kariyarinte bhooribhaagavum fraansinte sevanathinaayi chelavazhichu, ennaal 1745 leeii jacobite uyarchayil pankedutthathiloode addeham kooduthal ariyappedunnu, naadukadatthappetta house oof stuvarttinaayi britiish simhasana veendedukkaanulla sramamaayirunnu ithu. uyarchayude samayat, addeham yaakkobit sainyathinte adjattant generalum quartermaster generalum aayi pravartthikkukayum prachaaranatthil valia swaadheenam cheluthukayum cheythu.
pala dvitheeya kruthikalum addehathinte kudumbapperu "oo 'sullivan" ennu nalkunnundengilum addeham swantham kathidapaadukalil "sullivan" enna roopam upayogichu.
aadyakaala currier.
1652 leeii ireland settilmentinaayi dankaron kudumba estettu niyamaprakaaram kandukettapetta dermot oo sullivante rund puthranmaaril oralaaya 1700 ll keriyile kenmeyarinaduthulla kappanakkushil oo sullivan janichu.
1748ll ainiyas mcdonald ezhuthiya chaals stuvarttinte palappozhum vishwasaneeyamallaatha jeevacharitramaaya "dhaa yang juba" yill ninnu addehathinte aadyakaala jeevithathekkurichulla vivarangal parimithavum eduthathumaanu.
shiksha niyamangal airish catholica vibhaagathin avasarangal parimithappedutthi, samakaalikareppole, oo sullivan paareesilum romilum vidyaabhyaasam nedi, orupakshe pourohithyathinulla thayyaareduppilaayirikkam. markvis dii maileboyisinte makante adthyaapakanaayitheernna addeham 1739-ll franch, genois corsica punarvijayathil addehathodoppam chernnathayi mcdonald soochippikkunnu. austriyan pinthudarchaavakaashiyude yudhathil italiyilum kaandaamrigathilum sevanamanushtichathaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu vishadaamshangal kuravaanu.
1745leeii kalapam.
1744-nte thudakkathil oru franch adhinivesha sramam upekshichathinethudarnn, stuvartt anantharaavakaashiyaaya chaals adutha varsham skotlandil oru cheria thothilulla landing aasoothranam cheyyaan thudangi. 1745-nte thudakkathil addeham aayudangal vaangaan thudangiyappol franchukaar parimithamaaya logistic pinthuna nalki, athil bhooribhaagavum loard clairinte madhyasthathayil; maarchil ooo 'sullivan chaalsinte kudumbatthil chernnu.
chaalsinte muun adthyaapakanaaya sheriden aadyam addehathe shupaarsha cheythathayi avakashappettu, ennirunnaalum addehathe nerittu clair vazhi recruit cheythathaayum abhipraayappedunnu. oru samakaalika vivaranam parayunnu, "misttar ariyunna aarum illa. ellah franch sainikarudeyum ettavum mikacha valarthappetta, manyanaaya, paraathikkaaranaaya, edapedunna udyogastharil oraalaanenn sullivanu nishedhikkaan kazhiyum. chaals oo 'sullivante sahavasam aaswadikkukayum addehathinte upadesham vishwasikkukayum cheythu pakaram, oo' sullivan addehathodu achanjalamaayi vishwasthanaayirikkanam. eee samayam muthal addeham 1745 leeii paryaveshanatthinte aasoothranathil aduthu earppettirunnu, koodaathe "moidartile ezhu purushanmaaril" oralaayi chaalsine eriskeyil irakkumbol anugamichu.
aayudangalum franco-airish saadhaaranakkaarudeyum oru senayumaayi "elisabath" enna kappalin echms "simham" thadanjunirthukayum kedupaadukal varuthukayum cheytha sesham thirichupokendivannappol eee prachaaranatthinu mosham thudakkam labhichu. avide athiyappol, mikkavarum ellah sanbarkkangalum chaalsine francilake madangaan prerippichu; thanne pinthunaykkaan addeham vendathra prerippichuvenkilum lochiyalinteyum mattu lochabar medaavikaludeyum donald cameron aninirathiya oru cheria senaye aashrayichu. lochiyelinu "700 nalla manushyar undaayirunnu, pakshe aayudangal illaayirunnu; ekadesham 350 clever felomaarumaayi athe divasam thanne kapok ethi" ennu ooo sullivan oormmippichu. ezhu purushanmaaril' oralaaya kuthirappadayaliyaaya sarr joonn mcdonald pinneedu ezhuthi, sainika parichayakkurav lochiyel sammathichathayi; athinaal taniko francis stricklandino jacobite senaye samghadippikkunna jolie cheyyaan kazhiyumenkilum, oo 'sullivanaan ettavum mikacha yogyathayennu addeham nirddeshichu. athanusarichu udyogasthar, pariseelanam, logistics enniva kaikaaryam cheiyunna adjattant general, quarter maasttar general ennee nilakalil oo 'sullivane niyamichu.
kooduthal recruitmentukal vannathode, oo 'sullivan avare staaf, kuthirappada, kaalaalppada, peeranki, pinthuna gadakangal ennivayulla thaarathamyena parambaraagathamaaya pathinettaam noottaandile sainyamaayi samghadippichu. feeld aarmiyude command aadyam loard jorjju mureyudeyum duke oof pertthinteyum idayil karangunnundaayirunnu, ennaal falkirkkilum kulodanilum oo 'sullivan mothatthilulla niyanthranathilaayirunnu. november avasaanathode pertthinte sahodaran joonn drummond athiyathinushesham avar brigade commandermaaraayi pravarthichu.
preestanpaansinu sheshamulla thanthrathekkurichulla vaadangal skottukalum chaalsinte upadeshtaakkalum thammilulla aazhathilulla vibhajanathe prathiphalippichu, avaril palarum airish aayirunnu. 1689ll jaims randaaman vaagdaanam cheytha svayambharanavum catholica ireland avar aagrahichu, athaayath chaalsine britiish simhaasanathil ealppikkuka. 1707ll englandumaayulla union avasaanippikkaan aagrahicha protestantukalaayirunu sainyathinte bhooribhaagavum nalkia skottukal. avar thangalude sthaanam shakthippeduthaanum naadukadatthappettavare ethirkkaanum eshtappettu, avaril palarum franch commissionukal vahikkukayum uyarnnuvarunnathil parajayappettaal avare yudhathadavukaaraayi kanakkaakkukayum cheyyum; skottukal vadhashikshaykkum avarude bhoomi nashtappedunnathinum idayaakkum.
jacobite kaunsil oof vaaril skottukalum airish amgangalum thammil thanthrathekkurichu niravadhi abhiprayavyathyaasangal undaayirunnu, prathyekichu englandu adhiniveshathekkurichu. niravadhi skottukalude prathirodham kanakkileduthu avarude sainyam vendathra valuthallenna swantham aashankakalkkidayilum oo sullivan aakramanathe pinthunachu.
prachaaranatthinide oo 'sullivan mureyum thammil prathyekichum ettumuttiyathaayi thonnunnu. franch pariseelanam labhicha oo 'sullivaneppolulla naadukadatthappettavar mureyude arivu kaalaharanappettathayi kanakkaakkiyappol, oo' sullivante kazhivukalekkurichu murreykk mosham abhipraayamundaayirunnu, pinneedu "baagejinte paricharanamallathe sainyathil misttar oo 'sullivanu mattoru chumatala labhichittillenn thaan aagrahichirunnuvennu" paranju. pathonpathaam noottaandile charitrakaaranmaar eee kaazhchappaadile vyathyaasangale kazhivillaaymaykku oo sullivane apalapichu kondu vyaakhyaanikkaan pravanatha kaanikkunnundengilum vaasthavathil addehathinte bharanam phalapradamaanennu thonnunnu. moonnu vyathyastha nirakalaayi sainyam roopeekarikkappettittum karsanamaayi ekopippikkukayum "ettavum uyarnna nilavaaratthilulla jeevanakkaarude jolie" aayi vilayiruthappedukayum cheytha englandilekkulla sainyathinte march samghadippikkunnathinu praadhamika utharavaaditham oo 'sullivanaan.
kulodan yuddham.
pathonpathaam noottaandile pala ezhuthukaarum, joonn preblineppolulla pilkkala chilarum jacobite paraajayathinu addehathe kuttappeduthiyathukondu, kulodan yudhathil oo 'sullivante punk vivaadaparamaanu. ithinte swaadheenam peettar vaatkinsinte 1964 leeii "kulodan" ll prathyekichum sradheyamaanu, ithu pribilinte kruthiye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, ithu jacobiteukale kazhivillaatha prabhukkanmaarude neethrthwathilulla oru valia fudal, purathana sainyamaayi roopappeduthumbol, oo sullivane oru "samboornna viddiyaayi" chithreekarikkunnu.
ettavum saadhaaranamaaya vimarsanam addeham yudhabhoomi thiranjeduthathinekkurinum, oo 'sullivan yadhaarthathil avasana yudharekhaykku kizhakkayi oru sthalam thiranjedutthu; badal thiranjeduppukalkku avarudethaaya prashnangalundaayirunnu, saahacharyangalil sainyam yadhaarthathil roopeekaricha sthalathe pradhaanamaayum nirnnayichu. kulodanil nilkkunnathum pooraadunnathum allathe mattu praayogikamaaya chila oopshanukal avasheshikkukayum mikka yaakobaaya commandermar aathyanthikamayi yuddham nalkunnathinu anukoolamaavukayum cheythu. aamukhathinteyum mattullavayudeyum vivaranagalkk vipareethamaayi, puraavastu padanangal kaanikkunnath kulodanile jacobite peerankikalkku thettaaya valippathilulla vedikkoppukal nalkiyirunnilla ennaanu.
ooo 'sullivante oormmakkurippukal adhehatheyum joonn drummontineyum jacobite idathum randaam variyum kramanugathamaayi pinvalikkal urappakkaan sramikkunnathaayi chithreekarikkunnu. oru sakshi record prakaram, sahacharyam veendedukkaanulla shramathil chaals oru kuttatthinu neethrthwam nalkaan aagrahichuvenkilum oo sullivan addehathe feeldil ninnu akattaan thante escortinode utharavittu. addeham pinneedu ezhuthi, "thante pakkalulla cheria kuthirakaludeyum berwickinte aaa anchum irupathum purushanmaarudeyum koode marimari maari maari mukham kaanichukondu thante pinvaangal thudarnnu". meyy maasathil oru franch kappal ozhippicha sesham francilake madangiyethiya addeham chaalsine rakshikkaan oru paryaveshanam nadathanamennu abhyarthichu.
poost-kulodan.
kulodanile parajayam undaayirunnittum, ooo 'sullivan stuvartt kudumbatthinte nalla aadaravilaanu thudarnnathu. 1746ll jaims stuvartt naitt padavi nalkia ooo 'sullivanu 1753ll jacobite piyarejil airish naitt padaviyum baronetisiyum labhichu. deerghakaalamaayi yajamanathiyaayirunna clementeena vaakkinshaayumaayulla bandhathe thudarnnu addeham pinneedu prins chalsumaayi pranayathilaayi.
fraansile ooo 'sullivante prashasthiye jacobite parajayam baadhichathaayi thonnunnilla; 1746 octoberil franchukaar thayyarakkiya' samthrupthi pattikayil 'addehathe ulppeduthukayum clair, bulcalese allengil dillons rejimentukalilonnil kenal sthaanam thiranjedukkaan vaagdaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. pinneedu addeham veendum franch sainyathil staaf offeesaraayi sevanamanushtikkukayum 1747-ll lofeldil cumberlandine saxe paraajayappedutthukayum 1759-ll brittanil aasoothranam cheytha franch adhiniveshathinaayi othukoodiya senayodoppam pravartthikkukayum cheythu.
oo 'sullivanekkurichulla kooduthal vivarangal viralamaan. ennirunnaalum 1749-ll addeham luis fittsjeraaldine vivaham kazhichu, addehavumaayi thomas oo 'sullivan enna oru makan janichu, addeham pinneedu airish brigadil mejaraayi; thomas pinneedu vadakke amerikkayilekku kudiyeri britiish sainyathil sevanamanushtichu. addehathinte pingaamikalil american pathrapravartthakanaaya joonn ell ulppedunnu. ooo 'sullivan; maargarat thacher thante pithaavinte bhaagathulla ooo' sullivaninte pingaamiyaanennu vishwasichu.
1760 desember 20-nuu oo 'sullivanekkurichulla avasana paramarsham addeham taamasiyaathe marichathaayi karuthappedunnu. vadakkan fraansile aannesin-less-bethoon palliyilaanu addehathe samskarichathu.

