
defender (1981 viidiyoo geyim)

1980ll vilyams electronics vikasippicheduthathum 1981ll aarkkedukalkkaayi purathirakkiyathumaaya thirascheenamaayi scrolling shoottar viidiyoo geyimaanu defender. oru side-scrolling shoottar, eee geyim anjjaatha grahatthilo nagaratthilo (plaattphomine aashrayich) sajjeekarichirikkunnu, avide kalikkaaran bahiraakaashayaathrikare samrakshikkumbol anyagrahajeevikalude tharamgangale paraajayappeduthanam. vilyamsile pinball prograamaraaya yujeen jarvis aanu vikasanathinu neethrthwam nalkiyathu; jaarvisinte aadyathe viidiyoo geyim projakttaayirunnu "defender", ithu "bahirakasha aakramanakaarikalil" ninnum "chhinnagrahangalil" ninnum prachodanam ulkkondirunnu. "1981-nte thudakkathil nirmmaanatthilekku praveshikkunnathinu munbu 1980-nte avasaanathil "defender" pradharshippichu. ithu jappanil taitto vitharanam cheythu.
"arcade viidiyoo geyimukalude suvarnna kaalaghattatthile ettavum pradhanappetta kireedangalilonnaaya "defender" 55,000 unitukal vitt kambaniyude ettavum kooduthal vittazhikkappedunna geyimaayum ekkaalatheyum uyarnna varumanam nediya arcade geyimukalilonnaayum maari. kaliyude audiyo-vishwalukalilum gameplayilum shradha kendreekarichu niroopakarkkidayil prashamsa. viidiyoo geyim vyavasaayathin jaarvisinte mikacha sambhavanakalilonnaayum ettavum budhimuttulla viidiyoo geyimukalilonnaayum ithu palappozhum pattikappedutthiyittundu. thirascheenamaayi scroll cheiyunna aadya gaimallengilum, ithu poornnamaayum thirascheenamaaya scrolling shoot 'emm appukalude tharam srishtichu. ithu mattu geyimukalude vikasanathinu prachodanamaavukayum thudarnnulla bhaagangalum niravadhi anukaranangalum pinthudarukayum cheythu.
samakaalika geyim samvidaanangalkkaayi niravadhi thuramukhangal vikasippicheduthu, avayil bhooribhaagavum attaari, ink. allengil attaari ithara plaattfomukalkkaayulla athinte software label, attaarisoft.
kalii.
"defender" ennathu oru side view aanu, thirascheenamaayi scrolling shoottar oru peru nalkaatha grahatthinte uparithalathil sajjeekarichirikkunnu. idathotto valathotto parakkunna oru bahirakasha pedakatthe kalikkaaran niyanthrikkunnu. oru joystikku kappalinte uyaram niyanthrikkunnu, anchu buttonukal athinte thirashcheena dishayeyum aayudangaleyum niyanthrikkunnu. kalikkaaran moonnu "smart bombukal" upayogichu aarambikkunnu, athu drishyamaaya ellah sathrukkaleyum nasippikkunnu. avasana resortaayi, "hyperspace" button "chhinnagrahangalile" pole pravartthikkunnu kalikkaarante kappal kramarahithamaya-orupakshe surakshithamallaatha-sthalathu veendum prathyakshappedunnu. kaliyude thudakkathil kalikkaarkku moonnu kappalukal anuvadikkunnu; oro 10,000 pooyintilum (oro mesheen krameekarikkavunna) mattoru kappal smart bomb nalkunnu. rund kalikkaarkku marimari thiriyam.
bhooprakrithiyile bahiraakaashayaathrikare thattikkondupokunnathil ninnu samrakshikkumbol ellah anyagraha akramanakaarikaleyum nasippikkuka ennathaanu lakshyam. landerukal manushyare edukkukayum screeninte mukalilekku kondupokaan sramikkukayum cheiyunna samayat avaa athivegam neengunna mutentukalaayi maarunnu. landerine vedivachu kollunnathinu munbu manushyane pidikoodukayum athu nilathu veezhukayum cheythukondu pidikoodiya oru manushyane mochippikkaan kazhiyum.
anyagrahajeevikale paraajayappeduthunnathu kalikkaarane adutha ghattathilekku munneraan anuvadikkunnu. bahiraakaashayaathrikare samrakshikkunnathil paraajayappedunnathu graham pottitherikkaanum level myoottantukalaal niranjirikkaanum kaaranamaakunnu. myoottantukalude thiramaalakale athijeevikkunnath grahatthinte punasthaapanatthinu kaaranamaakunnu. oru kappal shathruvo athinte projectylukalo idichaal allengil oru hyperspace jump thettiyaal (avaa kramarahithamayi cheiyunnathupole) nashtappedum. ellah kappalukalum theernnathinu sesham kalii avasaanikkunnu.
vikasanam.
"oru puthiya viidiyoo geyim vikasippikkunnathinulla vilyams electronicsinte aadya sramamaayirunnu "defender"; kambaniyude munbathe geyim oru "pong" klonaayirunnu. 1979-ll naanayathil pravartthikkunna arcade geyimukalude janapreeti pinball geyimukalil ninnu arcade geyimukalilekku shradha kendreekarikkaan kambaniye prerippichu. vilyams pinball geyimukalude vijayakaramaya record ulla yujeen jaarvisine kambani vikasanathinu neethrthwam nalkaan thiranjedutthu. laari demar, saam dicker, pooll dassault ennivar jaarvikale sahayichu. akkaalat, vilyamsinu oru cheria staaf undaayirunnu, electronic geyimukalkkaayi upayogikkunna saankethikavidya maanejmentinu parichithamallaayirunnu. thalphalamaayi, jeevanakkaarkk valia alavil srishtiparamaaya swaathanthryam labhichu.
prarambha vikasanam.
akkaalat viidiyoo geyimukalkku oru janapriya krameekaranamaayirunnu space, yaadhaarthyabodham illaatha lalithamaaya graphics avyakthamakkaan amoortha krameekaranam sahaayikkumenn jarvis karuthi. thudakkathil, taittoyude "bahirakasha aakramanakaarikaludeyum" attaariyude "chhinnagrahangaludeyum" varnna vyathiyanangal vikasippikkaan jarvis 3 muthal 4 maasam chelavazhichu. bahirakasha aakramanakaarikalil" ninnu prachodanam ulkkond addeham puthiya gameplay mechanics upayogichu samanamaaya oru geyim srishtichu. roopakalppanaykkaayi kurachu aazhchakal chelavazhicha sesham, athil aasvaadanam illennu vishwasichu team ashayam upekshichu. vikasanam pinneedu attaariyude "chhinnagrahangale" anukarikkunnathilekku maari, ennaal "chhinnagrahangalum" "defenderude nirddishta savisheshathakalum thammilulla hardware vyathyaasangal prashnakaramaayirunnu. "chhinnagrahangal" oru prathyeka monittaril vekttar graphics pradarshippikkunnu, athesamayam staaf oru parambaraagatha monittaril pixel graphics upayogikkaan padhathiyittu. pixel graphics upayogichu geyim punarnirmmikkunnathil team pareekshanam nadatthi, pakshe gameplayil aaswaadanavum vishwal appeal illennu thonniyathine thudarnnu athu upekshichu.
thangalude aadya sramangal valare derivative aanennu vishwasicha developermar masthishkaprakshobha sessionukal nadatthi. oru sessionil, chhinnagrahangalude anukoola gadakangalilonnu athinte pothinjathaanennu avar sammathichu. screenil ninnu parakkaan kalikkaarane anuvadikkunna oru geyim aaveshakaramaanennu avarkk thonni, koodaathe pradharshippichirikkunna screeninekkaal valia oru geyim lokam srishtikkaan avar theerumaanichu. kaliyude anthareeksham screeninekkaal neelamullathaakki, drishyamaaya pradesham thirascheenamaayi scroll cheiyunnu. eee ashayam vipuleekarichu, 90 digri karangunna "bahirakasha aakramanakaarikalude" oru pathipp avar vibhavanam cheythu. bahirakasha aakramanakaarikalude" roopakalppanayude ooriyanteshan maattunnathiloode, thirascheenamaayi parakkumbol kappal mukalilekkum thaazhekkum neengi. chhinnagrahangalil" ninnulla oru gadakamaaya valia chhinnagrahangal pinneedu geyim lokathekku cherkkapettu, pakshe pinneedu jeevanakkaarkk athu aasvaadyakaramallennu thonniyathine thudarnnu avaa neekkam cheythu. screen idathuninnu valathottu maathram scroll cheyyaan jarvis uddeshichu; ennirunnaalum, saha vilyams jeevanakkaranaaya steevu richi, geyim iruvashathum scroll cheyyaan kazhiyumennu addehathe bodhyappedutthi.
aarr maasathe vikasanathinu sesham, kalii vendathra purogathi kaivarichittillennu teaminu thonni. avar mattu geyimukal parisodhikkukayum athijeevanam nadappakkaan aavashyamaaya gadakamaanennu nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu. ithu nedunnathinaayi, avar oru bheeshani avatharippikkan shathrukkale roopappeduthi, athil aadyathethu "lander" aayirunnu. jarvis akramasakthavum aakshan vinodavum aaswadikkukayum geyimil aaa gadakangal undaayirikkanamennu aagrahikkukayum cheythuvenkilum pravarthanatthinu nyayamaaya lakshyamundaakanamenn thonni. 1960-kalile television shhow 'dhii defendezhsi' ll ninnu prachodanam ulkkond, jarvis geyim 'defender' ennu perittu, thalakkett akramathe nyaayeekarikkan sahaayichuvenn nyaayeekarichu. bahirakasha prameyathil vipuleekarikkunnathinum shathrukkale vedivaykkumbol kalikkaarkku prathirodhikkaan enthengilum nalkunnathinum addeham bahiraakaashayaathrikare chertthu. jaarvikalum richiyum thammilulla oru masthishkaprakshobhathinu sheshamaan grahangalude bhoopradeshathinu mukaliloode parakkunna ghadakam chertthathu. kooduthal vishadamaaya enthengilum srishtikkaan hardware shakthamallathathinaal, oru pixel veethiyulla oru variyayi landscape chithreekarichirikkunnu.
pinneedu vikasanam.
joolaiyode, vikasanam samayakramathil pinnilaayirunnu, septambaril varaanirikkunna aamova enna vyapara pradarshanathinaayi krithyasamayathu kalii poortthiyaakkaan jaarvisinte meludyogasthan addehathil sammarddam chelutthitthudangi. bahiraakaashayaathrikare srishtikkaan jarvis aazhchakalolam chelavazhichu, prakriya vegathilaayillenkil athu ozhivaakkanamenn addehathinte booas karuthi. sammarddam addehathe raajivaykkaan uddeshikkunna vidham niraashappedutthi. aaa samayathaan saam dicker enna puthiya prograamare niyamichathu. geyim prograaming cheyyaan addeham sahayikkukayum vishwal, audiyo efakttukal cherkkukayum cheythu. udaaharanathinu, nasippikkappetta shathrukkalkkaayi savisheshamaaya spodanangal srishtikkunnathinu dicker oru kanika ephakt algoritam nadappilaakki. puthiya gadakangal jaarvikale punarujjeevippichu, avarkk padhathi vaagdaanam kaanikkan thudangiyennu thonni.
vikasanam pinneedu shathrukkalilekku shradha kendreekarichu. manushyare pidikoodaanulla kazhivu landerukalkku nalkukayum mekkanikkil ninnu oru puthiya shatru roopeekarikkukayum cheythu sathrukkalaayi marria manushyare pidikoodiya "mutentukal". mutentukal kaliyil oru rakshaakarthru ghadakam chertthu, athu kalikkaarkku kooduthal rasakaramaanennu jarvis vishwasikkukayum kalikkunnathu thudaraan avare prolsaahippikkukayum cheythu. oru gurutharamaaya saahacharyathil ninnu "thirichuvaravu" enna ghadakam grahathilum prayogichu. ithu yadhaartha jeevithathile uyarcha thaazhchakale anukarikkunnuvennu jarvis karuthi. "screenil pongikkidakkunna bombukal vidunna sathrukkalaaya "bomberukal" aduthathaayi chertthu. vyathyastha gameplay gadakangal srishtikkunnathinu kooduthal shathrukkale chertthu. "bahiraakaashayaathrikarkk vipareethamaayi bahirakasha pedakatthe aakramikkunnathinaan "koottangalum" "podukalum" roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. "kalikkaaran neendunilkkunnathu thadayunnathiloode sammarddam cheluthunnathinaayi "biterukal" ulppeduthi. sathrukkal vegathil bahirakasha pedakatthe pinthudarnnu athumaayi koottiyidikkukayum "chhinnagrahangalile" samanamaaya shathruvine adisthaanamaakkiyukallavayum cheythu.
septambarode, geyim appozhum poortthiyaakaathathaayirunnu, amova trade shoyude samayaparidhi niravettaan mikkavarum ellah vilyams prograamarmaarum sahayichu. vyapara pradarshanatthinu thaledivasam vaikunneram arcade kaabinatukal pradarshanathinaayi athichu. ennirunnaalum, developermaar geyiminaayi oru aakarsha mode (prekshakare kalikkaan pralobhippikkunnathinaayin roopakalppana cheytha oru automated sequence) uyarnna score samvidaanavum srishtikkaan marannu, aaa ratri avayil pravartthikkaan thudangi, aakarsha mooad demar coding cheyyukayum dassault dicker uyarnna score table srishtikkukayum jaarvikal play testing bugg parihaarangalum nadathukayum cheythu. pittennu athiraavile, team modinaayi anthima eprom chippukal srishtikkukayum avaa oru kaabinattil sthaapikkukayum cheythu. chippukal pinnott vaykkunnathu kaabinat oonaakkumbol vaidyutha shortinu kaaranamaayi, athinaal teaminu oru puthiya settu eproms vegathil kathikkendivannu. aakarshana reethi pravarthanakshamamaayikkazhil, jaarvikalum samghavum shoyude thayyaareduppinaayi avarude veedukalilekku madangi. shoyk sesham, upayokthaakkale anischithamaayi kalikkaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi developermaar geyim vipuleekarichu. display modalil anchu levelukal undaayirunnu, ithu geyiminte budhimuttu kaaranam mathiyaakumenn teaminu thonni. mikka vilyams jeevanakkarkkum moonnaam level marikadakkaan kazhinjilla, jaarvisinte 60,000 pooyint score avarkk tholppikkaanaavaathaayi thonni. thangalude prathekshakal kaviyunna kalikkarkkaayi thayyaaraakunnathaan nallathennu developermaar theerumaanikkukayum aavarthicha kooduthal thalangal cherkkukayum cheythu.
hardware.
oru crt monittaril amplified monoral shabdavum pixel graphics geyimil ulkkollunnu. oru motorola 6809 central prosessing yoonit graphics gameplay kaikaaryam cheyyumbol oru motorola 6800 microprosessor audiyo kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. moonnu aaa baattarikalude oru paaykk oru electrical autlettil ninnu mesheen anplug cheyyumbol geyiminte krameekaranangalum uyarnna skorukalum samrakshikkaan vaidyuthi nalkunnu. kaabinat kalaasrishti thadi framil stensil cheythirikkunnu.
geyiminte hardwareil shradha kendreekarichu vikasanam aarambhichu. eathu tharatthilulla monittar upayogikkanamennu staaf aadyam charcha cheythu karuppum veluppum allengil niram. noothana saankethikavidya upayogikkunnathu avare nalla designermaaraayi sthaapikkumennum oru kalar monittar thiranjedukkumennum avar nyaayeekarichu. geyim 4 nirangal aavasyamaanennu developermar kanakkaakkiyenkilum pakaram oro pixel 16 nirangalil pradarshippikkaan kazhiyunna hardware thiranjedutthu. akkaalat, oru geyim aavashyamullathinekkaal kooduthalaanithu ennu designermar vishwasichirunnu. monittarinte resolution 320x256 aanu, ithu annathe vyavasaya nilavaramaaya 256x256 ll ninnulla vipuleekaranamaanu. vishalamaaya screen mikacha veekshana anupatham nalkunnuvennum geyiminte avatharanam mechappeduthumennum jeevanakkar vishwasichu. akkaalat viidiyoo geyimukal graphics aanimett cheiyunnathinu hardwareine aasrayichirunnuvenkilum aanimeshan kaikaaryam cheyyaan software upayogikkaan developermaar theerumaanikkukayum geyim assembly bhashayil prograam cheyyukayum cheythu. kuranja chelavil kooduthal oonn-screen objectukal pradarshippikkaan switch avare anuvadichu.
geyiminte niyanthrana padhathi oru dvimukha joystikkum anchu buttonukalum upayogikkunnu. bahirakasha akramanakaarikaleyum" "chhinnagrahangaleyum" oresamayam anukarikkunnathinaanu jarvis niyanthranangal roopakalppana cheythath. kalikkaarante idathu kaii "bahirakasha aakramanakaarikal" ennathinu samanamaaya joystikku kaikaaryam cheiyunnu, valath kaii "chhinnagrahangal" ennathinu samanamaaya buttonukal thallunnu. button functionukal "chhinnagrahangal" kku samanamaaya oru leauttum upayogikkunnu, yathaakramam projectylukal shoot cheyyaanum valathum idathum thwarithappeduthaanum button upayogikkunnu. munkaala geyimukalude niyanthrana padhathikal kalikkaarkku parichithamaanennum munkaala designukalil maattam varuthunnathu avarkk budhimuttaanennu thonnunnuvennum jarvis nyaayeekarichu.
sweekaranam.
vaanijyaparamaaya prakadanam.
1980 leeii amova shoyil adhikam shradha aakarshikkaatha eee geyim janapreeti nedunnathil mandagathiyilaayirunnu. munkaalangalil nokkumbol, niravadhi vazhiyaathrakkaar athinte sankeernathayaal bhayappettuvenn jarvis vishwasichu. kaliye aarkkedukalil nannayi sweekarichu, play testinginte aadya raathrikalil kaabinattin chuttum janakkoottam thadichukoodiyirunnu. eee vijayam oru kokteyil pathipum puratthirakkaan vilyamsine prerippichu. "lokamembaadum 55,000 unitukal vittazhikkappedukayum, oru bilyan dollariladhikam sambaadikkukayum cheytha "defender" vilyamsinte ettavum kooduthal vittazhikkappedunna arcade geyimaayi maarukayum cheythu. ithu 70,000 arcade unitukal vilkkukayum lokamembaadum varumanam nedukayum cheythu.
puratthirangi aarumasam kazhinjappol, yunaittad stetsile viidiyoo geyim vyavasaayathil ettavum kooduthal varumanam nediya geyimukalil onnaayirunnu ithu. 1981leeii arcade geyim chaarttukalil, augustil "play meter" arcade chartilum eprilinum novemberinum edayilulla mikka maasangalilum "replay" arcade chaarttukalilum ithu onnaamathethi. vaarshika "kyash boxes", "replay" arcade charttukal "defendere" 1981-ll amerikkayil ettavum kooduthal kalakshan nediya randaamathe arcade geyimaayi "paaku-maan" ennathinu thottupinnilaayi pattikapedutthi. amusement aandu music oopparettezhs association (amova) pinneedu 1982 leeii amerikkayile ettavum kooduthal kalakshan nediya aarr arcade geyimukalil "defendere" pattikapedutthi.
saha-designer laari demar geyiminte janapreeti kandu athbhuthappettu. athinte release samayat, annathe malsaraarthi midu way manufacturingile maarkkatting director staan jaroki eee geyimine "athishayakaramaan" ennu visheshippichu.
jappanil, "defender" athra vijayamaayirunnilla, pakshe mithamaaya vijayamayirunnu. 1981-ll jappaanile ettavum kooduthal varumanam nediya 18-aamathe arcade viidiyoo geyimaayi ithu "turbo", "galaxian" ennivayumaayi samanilayil pirinju.
attaari vii. sii. ezz portt koppikaliladhikamaayi vitazhikkappettu, 1982 leeii ettavum kooduthal vittazhikkappedunna randaamathe attaari hoome viidiyoo geyimaayi ("paaku-maan" enna attaari pathippin thottupinnilaayi) maari. ennirunnaalum, 1983ll "defender" enna vaakkinte kuranjathu 68,993 koppikalenkilum thirike nalki.
avalokanangal.
"1983-ll "sophtt line" ithu "ithuvare vikasippicheduthathil vachu ettavum kadinamaaya arcade geyimukalilonnaayi thudarunnu" ennu ezhuthi. patthu secondil thaazhe neendunilkkunna prarambha sramangal thudakkakkarkk asaadhaaranamalla. 1981 leeii viidiyoo geyim guidil toom hirshfeld report cheythu, "prathirodhatthil praaveenyam nedunnathinu kurachu sthirothsaaham aavasyamaanu, pakshe mikka kalikkaarum eee sramam prayojanakaramaanennu karuthunnu".
defender" ennathinte attaari 2600 pathipp (athinte graaphikkal parimithikal kaaranam, yadhaartha arcade pathippinte graha krameekaranathekkaal oru nagara krameekaranatthilekku punarroopakalppana cheyyappetta) "space gamer" nambaril eddu driscoll avalokanam cheythu. 57. mothatthil, ningalude attaarikk oru nalla geyim venamenkil, ithu yogyatha nedunnu" ennu driscoll abhiprayappettu. "defender" premikalkku kurachu pidi undu, pakshe eathu vii. sii. ezz udamaykkum njaan ithu shupaarsha cheyyum. 1983leeii arcade avaardukalil "mikacha sayans fiction/faantasi viidiyoo geyim" vibhaagathil eee thuramukham nedi. "computer, viidiyoo geyimukal" pinneedu geyim avalokanam cheyyukayum ithinu 90 sathamaanam rating nalkukayum cheythu.
1983-ll "sophtt line" vaayanakkar attaari 8-bitt pathippin maagasinte ettavum mikacha muppath attaari prograamukalude pattikayil anchaam sthaanathethi. roome vediyundakalil kayatti ayaykkunnathinulla "geyiminte appeel athinte yukthirahithamaya vilaye nyaayeekarikkunnilla" ennu maasika kooduthal vimarshichu. david echu. creative computing viidiyoo & arcade geyimukalude" aall 1983 ll attaari 5200 pathipp "ettavum parichayasambannaraaya bahirakasha gamermark ganyamaaya velluviliyaanennu" paranju. "computer games" magazin ibm pisi parivartthanam avalokanam cheyyukayum athinu sammishra avalokanam nalkukayum cheythu. pravartthanam valare vegathilaanu" ennu avar paranju, pakshe "kurachu samayathinu sesham athu boradippikkunnu."
munkaalavritham.
1995ll fluxes magazin thangalude mikacha 100 viidiyoo geyimukalil defendere 34-aamm sthaanathekku vilayiruthi. avar kaliye prashamsichu "aathyanthika side scrolling arcade shoottar."" adutha thalamura "avarude 1996 leeii" "ekkaalatheyum mikacha 100 geyimukalil" "arcade pathippin 13-aamm sthaanamaanu nalkiyathu, athinte santhulithamaaya budhimuttu kalikkaar upekshikkunnathinuparam kooduthal kaaryangalkkayi madangivaraan prerippikkunnuvennu paranju". 1996ll geyim maasttar avarude "ekkaalatheyum mikacha 100 geyimukalil" anchaam nambar geyim pattikapedutthi, avar eee geyimine "ekkaalatheyum mikacha shoot-emm-appukalil onnu" ennu visheshippichu."1999-ll," "ekkaalatheyum mikacha 50 geyimukalil" "" "adutha thalamura" "" "defendere" "23-aamm sthaanathekku pattikapedutthi," "asaadhaaranamaaya sankeernamaaya niyanthranangal undaayirunnittum, gamermar aadya kaazhchayil thanne pranayathilaayi". budhimuttu valare uyarnnathaan, pakshe nyaayamaan-ningal marikkumbol, athu ellaayppozhum ningalude thettaanu, athu kaliye tholppikkaan oru avasaram koodi ningalkk aavashyamaayi varunnu. 2004ll, ekkaalatheyum mikacha geyimukalude gamespottinte pattikayil "defender" ulppeduthi. 2008-ll, saankethika, sargaathmaka, saamskaarika swaadheenathil aaram nambar arcade geyimaayi ginness waled records ithine pattikapedutthi. athe varsham thanne, "retro gamer" geyimine avarude "mikacha 25 arcade geyimukalude" pattikayil patthaam sthaanathethichu, ithu oru saankethika nettavum asakti gameplayodukoodiya budhimuttulla thalakettum aanennu choondikkaatti. 2008-lum edju 1980-kalil ninnulla aaraamathe mikacha kaliyaayi defendere rank cheythu. aakhyaanathinteyum kathaapaathrangaludeyum abhavam undaayirunnittum athinte roopakalppana valare "gambheeram" aanennu edittarmaar visheshippichu.
gamespeyude david kusis "defenderude" velluvili niranja gameplay prashamsichu, mattu geyimukal enthaayirikkanam ennathine prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu abhiprayappettu. vaividhyamaarnna sprittukalum minnunna spodanangalum udharichu addeham graphics "manoharam" ennu visheshippichu. audiyo-vishwalukalum gameplayude aazhavum amithamaya budhimuttine santhulithamaakkiyathaayi "gamasutra" thinte maatt barton bill loguidis paranju. geyiminte "catch aandu rescue" savisheshathayeyum miinii mappineyum avar prashamsichu. miinii maappine prashamsicha kusis, athillathe geyim asaadhyamaanennum thanthrangal aasoothranam cheyyaan ithu kalikkaare anuvadikkunnuvennum paranju. ezhuthukaaranaaya joonn sellezhs audiyo-vishwalukaleyum geyiminte kathayum gameplay thammilulla bandhatheyum prashamsichu.
2009-ll gaimeli aakramanavum rakshyum enna gameplay udharichu "defender" ettavum budhimuttulla ombathaamathe geyimaayi rettucheythu. ezhuthukaaran steevan ell. arcade charithratthile ettavum kadinamaaya geyimukalilonnu" ennaanu kent ithine visheshippichathu. thudakkakkaraaya kalikkaarkku saadhaaranayaayi kurachu sekkantukal maathrame kalikkaan kazhiyoo ennum aavesamullavar kaliyile praaveenyathe "bahumaanatthinte badge" aayi kaanunnundennum addeham paranju. david kusis samanamaaya abhipraayangal aavarthichu. defenderude" budhimuttu "thaazhmayulla" aanennu vilppanakkaar visheshippichu, kurachu perkku maathrame athu praaveenyathode kalikkaan kazhiyoo ennu paranju. budhimuttukalkkidayil kalikkaar kalikkunnathu thudarumennum addeham paranju. ezhuthukaaranaaya david ellis geyiminte vijayathin kaaranam athinte velluvili niranja roopakalppanayaanu. athinte budhimuttu palappozhum athinte sankeernamaaya niyanthrana padhathikku kaaranamaakunnu. "edju magazin" "defendere" "" "maasttar cheyyaan ettavum budhimuttulla geyimukalilonnu" "ennu visheshippikkukayum athinte niyanthranangal" "bhayappeduthunna" "ennu visheshippikkukayum cheythu".
swaadheenavum paarambaryavum.
kaliyil ettavum uyarnna score orotta kredittil ettavum dairkhyameriya kalikaalavum nedunnathinaayi kalikkaar malsarichittundu. ettavum kooduthal samayam kalikkunna malsaraathmaka kaliye 1982 ll atlaantik nagaratthile claridge casino hotelil 21 manikkooriladikam "defender" kalicha atlaantik sittiyil ninnulla marrio suvaaras janapriyamakki. atlaantik nagaratthile pathrangalkoppam kanda niravadhi saakshikalum soukaryavum ithu aadhikaarikamaakki; maadhyamashradha mattu kalikkaare ithe nettam nedaan prerippichu. vidagdha kalikkaar avarude kaliyude dairkhyam vardhippikkunnathinaayi software bagukal upayogichu. "aadyathe eratta thaaraapathangalude viidiyoo geyim malsarathinte kendrabindu "defender" aayirunnu. 1982 epril 3 muthal 4 vareyulla vaaraanthyangalil 32 nagarangalile kalikkaar oresamayam malsarichu. 38 manikkoor edutha <aii. dii. 1> skorumaayi rick smith vijayichu. geyim engane scoringinte track sookshikkunnu ennathumaayi bandhapetta oru bugg, kalikkaare dhaaraalam "adhika jeevithangal" nedaan anuvadikkunnu. kalikkaarkku adhika ayuss upayogichu avar vishramikkumbol geyim sradhikkaathe upekshikkaam. mattu bagukal shathrukkalil ninnulla kedupaadukal ozhivakkaan kappaline anuvadikkunnu, ithu kaliyude dairkhyam vardhippikkunnu.
"scramble" rund maasangalkk munbu "defender" aadyathe side-scrolling shoot 'emm upp' aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. professor jiim whitehead "defender" ennathu poornna 2dii chalanam, onniladhikam golukal, kalikkaarkku kalikkaan niravadhi reethikal nalkunna sankeernamaaya gameplay ennivayude upayogathinulla oru vazhithirivayi visheshippichu. dadgum geyimsinte jaims hegine 1980kalil ninnulla oru supradhana kireedamaayi "defender" ennu vilichirunnu. screenil scrolling upayogikkunnathu screenumaayi bandhapetta design parimithikal neekkam cheyyaan sahayichathaayi stiyarni paranju. defenderude scrolling upayogam" aadyathe yadhaartha 'gaming anthareeksham' avatharippichu "ennu kusis prasthaavichu. geyiminte miinii-mapp savisheshatha munbu avatharippichirunnuvena, "defender" athine kooduthal anivaryamaaya reethiyil gameplayil samyojippichathayi addeham paranju. 1980kalude thudakkathile ettavum pradhanappetta bahirakasha geyimaayi sterni ithine visheshippichu. gorph", "phoenix" enniva udaaharanangalaayi udharichu athinte yaadhaarthyabodhavum saankethika munnettangalum kooduthal janapriyamaaya geyimukal srishtikkaan davalapparmaare prerippichuvennu addeham abhiprayappettu. puthiya saankethikavidya, prathyekichu scrolling avatharippikkunna oru classic thalakkettayi wins geyimine pattikapedutthi. defender" ennathinu munbu, kambanikal samathulithamaaya velluvili neridunnathinaayi viidiyoo geyimukal roopakalppana cheythathayi ellis prasthaavichu. kalikkaar aakarshikkan kazhiyunnathra eluppamaayirikkanam geyimukal ennu avar vishwasichu, ennaal kaliyude samayam kurachu minittayi parimithappedutthaan budhimuttaanu; valare velluvili niranja enthum kalikkaare pinthirippikkum. defenderude vijayam", viidiyoo geyim premikal kooduthal budhimuttulla geyimukalkku thayyaaraanenn chithreekarichathaayum ithu kooduthal sankeernamaaya geyim designukal srishtikkaan davalapparmaare prerippichathaayum logvidis aandu barton abhiprayappettu.
kaliyude vikasanathinu jarvis nalkia sambhavanakal palappozhum addehathinte amgeekaarangalil paraamarshikkappedunnu. jarvis roopakalppana cheytha mattu geyimukalkkidayil "defenderude gameplay" udharichu ezhuthukaaranaaya joonn wins addehathe "hye-aakshan", "reflex adhishtitha" arcade geyimukalude thudakkakkaaril oralaayi kanakkakki. defender" ulla aadyakaala "haard coor" designaraayi jarvis svayam sthaapichathaayi ellis paranju. 2007ll ign yujeen jaarvikale oru mikacha geyim designaraayi pattikapedutthi, avarude sheershakangal ("defender", "robotron 2084", "smash tivi") viidiyoo geyim vyavasaayathe swaadheenichittundu. arcade geyim vyavasaayathile pradhana vyakthikalayi vilyamsineyum jarvy sthaapikkaan eee geyim sahayichathaayi barton loguidis prasthaavichu. vilppanakkaarum samanamaaya abhipraayangal aavarthichu. defender" enna chithratthinte vijayathinushesham, vilyams oru puthiya soukaryam nirmmikkukayum kooduthal jeevanakkaare niyamikkukayum cheythukondu avarude bisinesses vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu. vipuleekaranathinu munbu, jaarvikalkk ottaykku pravartthikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu. ennaal aalukalude varavu addehathinu athrupthiyulla oru anthareeksham srishtichu. addeham vilyamsineyum demarineyum upekshichu avarude swantham vikasana kambaniyaaya vidu kids sthaapichu. vilyamsinte consulting sthaapanamaayi kambani pravartthikkukayum avarkkayi rund geyimukal vikasippikkukayum cheythu.
remakeukalum thudarchithrangalum.
defender" ennathinte vijayam vilyamsine oru puthiya geyim srishtikkaan aadyam aagrahichirunna vidu kidsine sameepikkaan prerippichu. ennirunnaalum, vilyamsinte naalu maasathe samayaparidhi paalikkunnathinayi "defender" ennathinte mechappetta pathipp srishtikkaan demar nirddeshichu. vidu kids eee geyimine "staargett" ennu namakaranam cheyyukayum "defender" ennathinte thudarchayaayi vikasippikkukayum cheythu. ithu puthiya gadakangal avatharippikkukayum orijinalinte prakadanam mechappeduthukayum cheiyunnu. vyaapaaramudra aavasyangalkkaayi "defender II" enna peril "staargett" ennathinte chila hoome porttukal puratthirakki.
vilyams 1982-ll oru "defender"-theem pinball mesheen puratthirakki. ithinu yadhaartha geyimil ninnu niravadhi gadakangalunda shabda efakttukal, sathrukkal, tharamgangal, aayudangal. vilyams 400ll thaazhe unitukal maathramaan nirmmichathu.
smash tivi" oru update aayirikkunnathupole "defender" ennathinulla oru arcade apdettaanu midwayude 1991 leeii "strike fozhsu". jaarvikalum demar kaliye sahaayichenkilum athu vyaapakamaayi vitharanam cheyyapettilla.
1995ll attaari jaagvaarinaayi attaari korppareshan "defender 2000" puratthirakki. munbu "tumpest 2000" ennu update cheytha jeff mintaraanu ithu ezhuthiyathu.
"defender" "1996-leeii" "vilyams arcadinte ettavum valia hittukal" "enna samahaarathil ulppeduthiyittundu".
1997-ll tiger electronics oru keecheyin aabharanamayi erattiyaakkunna grayscale elsidy screenulla "defender"-nte oru handheld pathipp puratthirakki.
defender" enna peril prasidheekaricha 2002-leeii remakeil 3dii graphics moonnaam vyakthi kazhchappadum upayogikkunnu. exbox, gamecube, playstation 2 ennivaykkaayi ithu puratthirakki.
geyimukaleyum klonukaleyum swaadheenichu.
defenderude design pakarthiya hoome geyimukalil apple II-naayi" gorgon "(1981)," repttan "(1983), tii. aarr. ezz 80 modalinu" eliyan defense "(1981), comodore 64-naayi" defender 64 "(1983)," guardian "(1984), body snaachakalude akramanam enniva ulppedunnu!"(1983) Zx spectrathinu, attaari 8-bitt kudumbatthinu" "dropsone" "(1984), bbc micro" "defender" "(1982) ennivaykku vyavaharangal ozhivakkaan" "planetoid" "(1984) ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu". ithu vii. sii-20 hoome computerinaayi jeff mintarude "andees aakramanatheyum" pinneedu addehathinte vishalamaaya "bahiraakaashathe aadukaleyum" swaadheenichu.
thirascheenamaayi scrolling cheiyunna lokath nilathu aalukaleyo vaahanangaleyo samrakshikkuka enna pradhana aashayathil nirmmicha mattu geyimukal, athaayath attaari 8-bitt kudumbatthinu "protector II", attaari 2600-nuu "choppar command", "chop lifttar" enniva 1982-ll puratthirangi.
pinneedu nadanna chila geyimukale "defender" swaadheenichu, amigaykku vendiyulla "daattaastom" (1989), aarkkedukalkkum vividha hoome kansolukalkkumulla "faantasi soonn" (1986) ennivayum.
saamskaarika paraamarshangal.
eee geyim samgeethathil paraamarsikkappettundu 1984 leeii aalbamaaya "nyoo senseshanukalil" luu reedinte "daun attu dhii arcade" enna gaanam, 1982 leeii aalbamaaya "mettalil" manila roadinte "defender" enna gaanam, 1982 leeii aalbamaaya "paaku-maan feevaril" bucknerinteyum garsiayudeyum "dhii defender" enna gaanam, 1998 leeii aalbamaaya "haloo naastti" yill beasty boys gaanamaya "body movin". nerdcore rapper emm. sii. kriss thante 2008 leeii aalbamaaya "emm. sii. kriss ees dedd" enna gaanathil "orikkalum upekshikkaruth" enna gaanatthinte corressil "defender" ennu paraamarsikkunnu. defenderil" ninnulla shabda efakttukal upayogicha mattu kalakaaranmaaril affex twin ("emm. tii. sent maikkal + sent michaels moundu", "busephalus bouncing booal" ennivayil), limp biskitt ("mye janareshan" ennathinte shudhamaaya pathippil sathyaprathinja cheiyunnathu sensor cheyyaan upayogikkunnu) enniva ulppedunnu. eathaandu ningalkk mukaliloode" enna sheena eesttan enna gaanatthinte music veediyoyil eee geyim pradhaanamaayum avatharippichu.
timm wagnerude 2004 leeii noval "hyperswarm" viidiyoo geyimine adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
vendennu paranjittum groot geyim kalikkunna" enna chithratthil oru running gagai eee geyim upayogikkunnu.
ready player vann" ennathil, "defenderil" ninnulla kappal paraamarshikkappedunnu, athinte hyperspacilake chaadaanulla kazhivu paraamarsikkunnu.
vondar vuman 1984" enna chithratthil shopping maall ramgathu amusement sentarinullil oru "defender" mesheen drishyamaanu.
arcade" enna thalakkettil "nyoos radio" yude season 3-nte naalam episodil, upayogikkaatha oru sandwich mesheenu pakaram oru defender arcade mesheen steshan labhikkumbol kaumaarapraayatthil defenderinode steshan maanejar dave asakti kaanikkunnu.
lego alavukalil midu way arcade lokath prathyakshappedunna niravadhi classic arcade geyimukalil onnaanu defender, kaaranam ithu levalinte thudakkathil gamer kidinte level "retro rakkej" ll kalikkunnu, kaaranam headphoneukal ullappol phonil defender kalikkunnathayi kaanikkunnu, ithu gamer kidinte level paaykkinte bhagamaaya arcade mesheen vehicle upayogichu gamer kidinte lokath kalikkaan kazhiyum.

