elwin bruno christophel

oru jarmman ganithashaasthranjanum bhauthikashaasthranjanumaayiranu elwin bruno christophel (; 10 november 1829-15 march 1900). addeham deferential jyaamithiyude adisthaana ashayangal avatharippichu, ithu tensor kaalkkulasinte vikasanathinu vazhiyorukki, ithu pinneedu pothu aapekshikathaykk ganithashaasthraparamaaya adisthaanam nalkum.
jeevitam.
1829 november 10 nuu prashyayile montjoyil (ippol monshou) thuni vyaapaarikalude oru kudumbathilaanu christophel janichathu. thudakkathil bhaashakalilum ganithathilum vidyaabhyaasam nediya addeham pinneedu kolonile jesuit jimneshyathilum friedrich-wilhems jimneshyathilum pankedutthu. 1850-ll addeham berlin sarvakalashaalayil pooyi, avide addeham gustav diriclettinoppam (addehathil sakthamaaya swaadheenam cheluthiya) ganithashaasthram padikkukayum bhauthikashaasthrathilum rasathanthrathilum kozhsukalil pankedukkukayum cheythu. martin oom, ernst cummer, heinrich gustav magnus ennivarude melnottatthil ezhuthiya ekeekritha shareerangalile vaidyuthiyude chalanathekkurichulla oru prabandhathinaayi 1856 ll berlinil ninnu addehathinu doktarettu labhichu.
doktarettu nediya sesham christophel montjoyiyilekku madangi, avide thudarnnulla moonnu varsham academic samoohathil ninnu otappettu. ennirunnaalum, bernhard reeman, diriclet, augustin-luis kauchi ennivarude pusthakangalil ninnu addeham ganithashaasthram (prathyekichu ganithashaasthra bhauthikashaasthram) padikkunnathu thudarnnu. deferential jyamithiyil rund prabandhangal prasidheekarichukondu addeham thante gaveshanam thudarnnu.
1859-ll christophel berlinilekk madangiyethi, thaamasoukaryam nedukayum berlin sarvakalashaalayil oru swakaarya dasantaayi maarukayum cheythu. 1862-ll dudicind ozhinjukidakkunna soorichile polytechnic schoolil oru chairmaanaayi addehathe niyamichu. addeham yuva sthaapanathil oru puthiya ganithashaasthra instittyoott samghadippichu (ithu ezhu varsham munbu sthaapikkappettathaanu) athu valareyadhikam prashamsikkapettu. addeham gaveshanam prasidheekarikkunnathum thudarnnu, 1868-ll prussian akkadami oof sciencesilum milaanile istittyootto lombardoyilum amgamaayi thiranjedukkappettu. 1869-ll christophel berlinilekk geverbeademyil (ippol berlin saankethika sarvakalaashaalayude bhagamaaya) professoraayi madangi, herman schwarz soorichil addehathinte pingamiyaayi. ennirunnaalum, berlin sarvakalaashaalayude saameepyathil ninnulla sakthamaaya malsaram ardhamaakkunnathu, unnatha ganithashaasthra kozhsukal nilanirthaan mathiyaya vidyaarthikale aakarshikkan geverbeakedemic kazhinjilla, moonnu varshathinu sesham christophel veendum berlin vittu.
1872-ll christophel strasburg sarvakalashaalayil professoraayi, franco-russian yudhathil alsays-loraine russia pidichadakkiyathinu sesham oru aadhunika sarvakalaashaalayaayi punasamghadippikkappedunna noottaandukal pazhakkamulla oru sthaapanam. christophel thante sahapravarthakanaaya theoder reeyumaayi chernnu strasburgill oru prashasthamaaya ganitha vibhaagam nirmmichu. addeham gaveshanam prasidheekarikkunnathu thudarukayum rikkittaaro fujisawa, ludwig mourar, pooll epsteen ennivarulppede niravadhi doctoral vidyaarthikale nedukayum cheythu. christophel 1894-ll strasburg sarvakalashaalayil ninnu viramichu, heinrich weber adhikaaramettu. viramichathinusesham addeham joliyum prasidheekaranavum thudarnnu, avasana prabandham maranathinu thottumunbu poortthiyaakki maranananthara prasidheekarikkappettu.
1900 march march strasburgill vachu christophel antharichu. addeham orikkalum vivaham kazhikkukayo kudumbatthe upekshikkukayo cheythilla.
jolie.
deferential jyamiti.
deferential jyaamithiyile adisthaana sambhaavanakalude perilaanu christophel pradhaanamaayum ormmikkappedunnathu. enn" veriyabilukalile deferential roopangalkkulla thulyatha prashnathekkurichulla 1869 leeii prasidhamaaya oru prabandhatthil, pinneedu addeham koveriyant deferentiation ennu vilikkunna adisthaana saankethikavidya avatharippikkukayum riman-christophel tensorine (remanian maanifoldukalude vakrata prakadippikkaan upayogikkunna ettavum saadhaaranamaaya reethi) nirvachikkaan ithu upayogikkukayum cheythu. athe prabandhatthil addeham christophel chinnangalude formula 1, formula 2 enniva avatharippichu, ithu praadeshika kordinettukalude oru samvidaanavumaayi bandhappett levi-sivitta kanakshante gadakangal prakadippikkunnu. christophelinte ashayangal gregorio richi-curbustro addehathinte vidyaarthiyaaya tulio levi-sivittayum chernnu saamaanyavalkkarikkappedum avaye tensorukal enna aashayamaayum kevala deferential calculus enna aashayamaayum maattukayum cheythu. pinneedu tensor calculus ennu peritta samboornna deferential calculus, aapekshikatha sidhaanthathinte ganithashaasthraparamaaya aditharayaanu.
sankeernamaaya vishakalanam.
sankeernamaaya vishakalanathin christophel sambhavana nalki, avide riman mapping sidhaanthathinte aadyathe nissaaramallaattha kriyaathmaka prayogamaanu schwarz-christophel mapping. scores-christophel mappinginu deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla pravartthanangalude sidhaanthathinum bhauthikashaasthra mekhalakalkkum niravadhi prayogangalundu. deerghavrithaakrithiyilulla functionukalude mekhalayil abelian integralukaleyum theetta functionukaleyum kurichulla phalangalum addeham prasidheekarichu.
samkhyaa vishakalanam.
christophel samyojanathinaayulla gausiyan quadrature reethi saamanyavalkkarikkukayum ithumaayi bandhappett, legender polynomialukalkkaayi christophel-darbox formula avatharippikkukayum cheythu (pinneedu addeham general oorthoogoonal polynomialukalkulla formula prasidheekarichu).
mattu gaveshanangal.
christophel pottensial sidhaanthathilum deferential samavaakyangalude sidhaanthathilum pravarthichu, ennirunnaalum eee mekhalakalile addehathinte gaveshanangalil bhooribhaagavum sradhikkappedaathe pooyi. shock tharamgangalude sidhaanthathile pioneering pravartthanatthe prathinidheekarikkunna bhagika deferential samavaakyangalude parihaarangalile vichedanam pracharippikkunnathinekku addeham rund prabandhangal prasidheekarichu. addeham bhauthikashaasthravum padikkukayum opttiksil gaveshanam prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum luminiferous eedhar enna ashayam upekshichathode addehathinte sambhaavanakalkk ivide avayude prayojanam pettennu nashtappettu.
bahumathikal.
niravadhi akkaadamikalil anubandha amgamaayi christophel thiranjedukkappettu
christophelinu prussia raajyam addehathinte pravarthanatthinu rund bahumathikalum nalkki

