
chooshanam cheyyuka (computer suraksha)

oru software, daattayude oru bhagam, allengil oru bugg allengil durbalata muthaleduthu computer softweyarilo hardwareilo allengil electronic (saadhaaranayaayi computerised) enthengilum electronic (saadhaaranayaayi computerised) kaaryangalil aasoothrithamallaathatho apratheekshithamo aaya perumaattam sambhavikkaan kaaranamakunna kamaandukalude oru sreniyaanu eksplooyit ("chooshanam cheyyuka" enna engleesh kriyayil ninnu, athaayath "oraalude swantham nettatthinaayi enthengilum upayogikkunnathu"). atharam perumaattatthil palappozhum oru computer sisttathinte niyanthranam neduka, privileju escalation anuvadikkuka, allengil sevana nishedham (doses allengil anubandha dii. dii. oo. ezz) akramanam enniva ulppedunnu. saadhaaranagathiyil paranjaal, chila chooshanam oru 'hackinu' thulyamaanu.
vargeekaranam.
chooshanangale tharamthirikkaan niravadhi reethikalundu. durbalamaaya softweyarumaayi chooshanam engane ashayavinimayam nadathunnu ennathaanu ettavum saadhaaranamaayath.
oru "remot eksplooyit" oru nettvarkkiloode pravartthikkukayum durbalamaaya systethilekku munkootty axus cheyyaathe suraksha durbalata chooshanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu.
oru "praadeshika chooshanathinu" durbalamaaya samvidaanathilekku munkootty praveshanam aavasyamundu, koodaathe saadhaaranayaayi sisttam administrettar anuvadichathine marikadannu chooshanam nadathunna vyakthiyude aanukoolyangal vardhippikkunnu. klayant aaplikkeshanukalkkethire chooshanangalum nilavilundu, saadhaaranayaayi oru klayant aaplikkeshan upayogichu axus cheythaal oru chooshanam ayaykkunna parishkaricha serverukal ulppedunnu. klayant aaplikkeshanukalkkethiraaya oru saadhaarana tharam chooshanangal brouser chooshanangalaanu.
klayant aaplikkeshanukalkkethiraaya chooshanangalkk upayokthaavumaayi kurachu edapedal aavashyamaayi vannekkaam, athinaal soshyal enchiniyaring reethiyumaayi samyojippichu ithu upayogikkaam. durbalamaaya samvidaanathinethiraaya nadapadiyaanu mattoru vargeekaranam; anadhikritha daatta axus, ekapaksheeyamaaya coode execution, sevana nishedham enniva udaaharanangalaan.
oru computer systethilekku suuppar user level axus nalkunnathinaanu niravadhi chooshanangal roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. ennirunnaalum, aadyam thaazhnna thalatthilulla praveshanam nedunnathinum thudarnnu oraal ettavum uyarnna bharanaparamaya thalathilethunnathuvare (palappozhum "root" ennu vilikkunnu) aavarthichu aanukoolyangal vardhippikkunnathinum niravadhi chooshanangal upayogikkaanum kazhiyum.
baadhicha softweyarinte rachayithaakkale oru chooshanam ariyichukazhinjaal, palappozhum oru paachiloode durbalata pariharikkappedukayum chooshanam upayogashoonyamaavukayum cheiyunnu. athukondaanu chila black haatt hackermar sainika allengil rahasyaanveshana ejansikalude hackermar avarude chooshanangal prasidheekarikkaathe svakaaryamaayi sookshikkunnathu.
avaa kandethukayum vikasippikkukayum cheytha aalukal ozhike ellaavarkkum ariyaatha chooshanangale "seero day exployittukal" ennu vilikkunnu.
tharangal.
chooshanangal saadhaaranayaayi tharamthirikkukayum avar chooshanam cheiyunna durbalathayude tharam (oru listtile durbalathakal kaanuka), avaa praadeshikamo vidooramo aano, chooshanam nadathunnathinte falamaano (udha.jii. eopi, doses, spoofing). poojyam divasathe chooshanangal vaagdaanam cheiyunna oru padhathi oru sevanamaayi chooshanam cheyyuka ennathaanu.
seero click cheyyuka.
oru seero-click attaakk ennathu pravartthikkaan upayokthru edapedal aavashyamillaatha oru chooshanamaanu-athaayath, qee-amarthalo mouse klikkukaloo illa. 2021ll kandethiya fozhsad entry seero click aakramanathinte oru udaaharanamaanu.
2022ll, vyakthikalude phonukalilekku kadannukayariyathinu enn. ezz. oo group seero click chooshanangal sarkkaarukalkk vilkkukayaayirunnuvennu reportund.
pivitting.
oru taargett oorganaiseshante aakramana uparithalam vipuleekarikkaan hackermar penetration testermaarum upayogikkunna oru reethiyaanu pevoting. firewall polulla niyanthranangal kaaranam internettil ninnu nerittu athicheraan kazhiyaatha athe nettvarkkile mattu sisttangale akramikkunnathinulla oru vittuveezhcha cheytha samvidaanam. internettu abhimukeekarikkunna hosttukale apekshichu oru netvarkkinullil ninnu athicheraan kazhiyunna kooduthal yanthrangal undu. udaaharanathinu, oru aakramanakaari oru korpparettu nettvarkkile oru web serveril vittuveezhcha cheiyukayaanenkil, aakramanakaarikk nettvarkkile athicheraavunna eathu systetheyum akramikkaan vittuveezhcha cheytha web server upayogikkaam. itharathilulla aakramanangale palappozhum multy-laired akramanangal ennu vilikkunnu. pevoting "ailand hopping" ennum ariyappedunnu. 
pivottingine proxy pevoting, vpn pevoting enningane verthirichariyaan kazhiyum
saadhaaranayaayi, pevoting prapthamaakkunna proxy allengil vpn aaplikkeshanukal taargett computeril oru exployittinte payload aayi nadappilaakkunnu.
network infrastructurinte oru bhagam (udaaharanathinu, durbalamaaya printar allengil thermostaatt) nuzhanjukayarukayum avare akramikkaan kanakttucheythirikkunna mattu upakaranangal kandethaan scanner upayogikkukayum cheythaanu saadhaaranayaayi pevoting nadathunnathu. durbalamaaya oru networking bhaagathe aakramikkunnathiloode, oru aakramanakaarikk oru netvarkkinte bhooribhaagatheyum allengil muzhuvan badhikkaanum poornna niyanthranam nedaanum kazhiyum.

