
paarakkettukalulla parvatha ayudhashala

colladoyile komezhs sittiyile denver metropolittan pradeshathu sthithi cheiyunna oru american raasa aayudha nirmmaana kendramaayirunnu rockie moundan aazhsanal. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathode american sainyam pravarthippichirunna eee sthalam 1942 desemberil poortthiyaayi, 1992 ll adachupoottunnathuvare praadeshika nivaasikalkkidayil vivaadamaayirunnu.
eee sthalathinte bhooribhaagavum ippol paarakkettukalulla parvatha aayudhashekharamaaya deseeya vanyajeevi abhayakendramaayi samrakshikkappedunnu.
charithram.
muthu thuramukhathinu nereyundaaya aakramanathinum randaam lokamahaayudhathilekkal amerikkayude praveshanathinum sesham yuu. ezz.ezz. oru raasa ulppaadana kendram srishtikkaan sainyam bhoomi tirayan thudangi. denverinu vadakku, komezhs sittiyil, yuu. esile stepttan vimaanathaavalathin sameepam sthithicheyyunnu.ezz. sainyam vaangi. vimaanathaavalathinte saameepyam kaaranam mathramalla, saittinte bhoomishaasthraparamaaya savisheshathakal kaaranam athu akramikkaan saadhyatha kuravaayirunnu. paarakkettukalulla parvatha ayudhashala kaduk vaathakam, napam, vaitt phoosphoorus, levisite, chlorin vaathakam, sarine ennivayulppedeyulla raasaayudhangal nirmmichu. 1960kalude thudakkathil yuu.ezz. sainyam keedanashinikal nirmmikkunnathinayi swakaarya kambanikalkku thangalude soukaryangal paattatthinu nalkaan thudangi. 1980kalude thudakkathil eee sthalam oru superfund saittayi thiranjedukkappedukayum shucheekarana prakriya aarambikkukayum cheythu. 1980kalude madhyathil vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna jeevajalangal ulppedeyulla vanyajeevikal bahiraakaashathekku maarukayum bhoomi oru samrakshitha udyaanamaayi maarukayum cheythu.
raashtreeyam.
amerikkayil paristhithi prasthaanam aarambhichath 1960-1970 kalilaanu. yuu.ezz. 1980ll kongras eee prasthaanathodu prathikarichukondu samagramaya paristhithi prathikaranam, nashtapariharam, badhyatha niyamam (sercla) srishtichu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi superfund ennu vilikkappedunnu. raasa, petroleum vyavasaayangalkk chumathiya nikuthiyaayirunnu sercla. jeevan apakadappeduthunna apakadakaramaaya vasthukkal purathuvidunnathinodu prathikarikkanulla adikaaravum sercla federal sarkkaarin nalki. 
42 varshathe raasa uthppaadanathinu sesham, 1984-ll american sainyam parakkettukalile malineekaranatthinte thoth (rma) parisodhikkaan thudangi. amerikkayile ettavum malinamaaya pradeshangalude deseeya munganana pattikayil (enn. pii. ell) eee saitt ulppeduthi. rockie parvatha aayudashekharam, mattu sainikaananthara sittukalkkidayil, oru mungananayaayirunnu, ithu rma oru superfund saittayi sthaapichu. yuu aayappol ithu kooduthal vashalayi.ezz. vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna kashandi kazhukan enna inathe sainyam kandethi. kashandiyulla kazhukanmaare pidikoodukayum parisodhikkukayum aarogyamullavayaanennu kandethukayum cheytha sesham, deseeya vanyajeevi federation nayaroopeekaranakkaarumaayi chernnu rma vanyajeevi abhayakendrathilekku maattaan pravarthichu. 1992ll kongras rockie moundan aarsanal naashanal wildlife shelfer act (rmndabluar act) pasaki. rmndabluar niyamathil ulppeduthiyittulla aaremeykkullil ippozhum malinamaaya pradeshangal ippozhum yuu. esinte udamasthathayilaayirunnu.ezz. ennirunnaalum, shudhamaanennu karuthiyirunna bhoomiyude bhooribhaagavum federal fish aandu wildlife sarveesaanu (eph. dablyu. ezz) kaikaaryam cheyyuka.
yunaittad stetts paristhithi samrakshana ejansi (yuu. ezz. iii. pii. eiii), stettu oof colorado, yunaittad stetts armi, kemikkal vyavasaayangal enniva thammil samgharshangal udaleduthu, avar saitt vrithiyaakkaanum aarr. emm. dablyu. aarr srishtikkaanum pankalikalaayi. ithu rma parihara sramangal, prakrithivibhava naashanashtangal (enrds) adaykkal, shucheekarana pravarthanangalkkaayi chelavazhicha chelavukal (prathikarana chelavukal) ennivaykku mail aarkkaan niyamaparamaaya adikaaram enna kaaryatthil niyamaparamaaya nadapadi sweekarikkaan collado samsthaanathe nayichu.
saitt thiranjedukkal.
theerangalil ninnulla aapekshika dooram (aakramikkappedaan saadhyathayillaatha), saittil jolie cheyyaan mathiyaya thozhil shakti, outtdoor jolikalkku anuyojyamaaya kaalavastha, padhathikku aavashyamaaya anuyojyamaaya mannu enniva kaaranam aayudhappurayude sthaanam thiranjedutthu. pradhana gathagatha kendramaaya stepttan airfieldinu sameepamaan eee sthalam ennathum sahayakamaayirunnu.
1942ll, randaam lokamahaayudhathe pinthunaykkunnathinaayi aayudangal nirmmikkunnathinayi yuu. ezz sainyam $1 dollar chelavil bhoomi ettedukkukayum koodaathe, eee bhoomiyude chilath oru yudhathadavukaaranaayi (jarmman poraalikalkkaayi) upayogikkukayum pinneedu stepttan vimaanathaavalam vipuleekarichathode denver nagaratthilekku maattukayum cheythu. aayudhappurayilekku vellam vitharanam cheiyunnathinaayi hyline kanaalil ninnu oru paarshwabhaagam nirmmichu.
nirmmaana pravartthanangal.
rmail nirmmikkunna aayudangalil vaitt phoosphoorus (emm34 grenade), napam, kaduk vaathakam, levisite, chlorin vaathakam ennivayulppede parambaraagathavum rasaparavumaaya aayudangal ulppedunnu.
organophosphorus samyukthamaaya sarine vaathakathinte (naadi ejantu jibi) shekharamulla churukkam chila saittukalil onnaanu rma. 1969 vare eee aayudhangalude nirmmaanam thudarnnu. vyomasenayude pravartthanangale pinthunaykkunnathinulla rokkatt indhanavum rmail nirmmikkukayum sambharikkukayum cheythu. pinneedu, 1970 muthal 1985 vare, aayudangalum rasavumaayi bandhapetta vasthukkalum nasippikkunnathinu rma oru sainikavalkkarana sthalamaayi upayogichu. eee pravarthanangalumaayi chernnu, 1946 muthal 1982 vare sainyam keedanaashinikalude ulppaadanathinaayi swakaarya vyavasaayangalkk aarr. emm. eiii soukaryangal paattatthinu nalki. pradhana paattakkaariloraalaya shell oayil kambanikkum juuliyas haiman aandu kambanikkum colorado fueval aandu ayaninum 1952num 1982num idayil rmail ulppaadana, samskarana sheshiyundaayirunnu. eee kambanikale puratthaakkaanum deseeya adiyantharaavasthayil rasaayudha uthppaadanam punaraarambhikkaanum sainyam avakasham nikshipthamaakki.
aazhathilulla kuthivayppu nannayi.
1961ll nirmmicha aazhathilulla kuthivayppu kinaraanu rmail undaayirunnathu. athu aazhathil thurathappettu. kinner adachu aazhathil adachu, bakkiyullava thadaaka draavakangal kuthivaykkunnathinulla oru thuranna dwaaramaayi avasheshikkunnu. parisodhana aavasyangalkkaayi, eathenkilum maalinyangal kuthivaykkunnathinu munbu ekadesham 568,000 us gaalan (2150 cubic meter) nagara jalam kinattil kuthivachu. kuthivacha draavakangalkku uparithalathilo upayogayogyamaaya bhugarbhajala vitharanathilo ethaan valare kurachu saadhyathakale undaayirunnulloo, kaaranam kuthivayppu pooyintinu mukalil paara undaayirunnu, athu thurakkunna samayat seal cheythu. draavaka kuthivayppu pradeshathu bhookambangalude oru parambaraykku kaaranamayathinaal 1966 februvariyil sainyam kinarinte upayogam nirtthi. 1985ll sainyam neekkam cheytha kinner sthiramaayi adaykkunnathuvare kinner upayogikkappedaathe kidannu.
paristhithi prasnangal.
1984-ll, superfund ennu saadhaaranayaayi ariyappedunna 1980-leeii samagra paristhithi prathikaranam, nashtapariharam, badhyatha niyamam (sercla) ennivaykku anusrithamaayi sainyam saitt malineekaranathekkurichu chittayaya anweshanam aarambhichu. 1987ll superfund saittukalude deseeya mungananakalude pattikayil (enn. pii. ell) aarr. emm. eiii. ulppeduthi. sercla nalkiyathupole, malineekaranatthinte vyaapthi nirnnayikkaan oru parihara anweshanam/saadhyataa patanam (aair/efs) nadatthi. 1985 muthal rmaile dauthyam eee sthalathinte parihaaramaan.
malineekarana vasthukkal.
organochloride keedanashinikal, orgaanophosphettu keedanashinikal, carbamate keedanashinikal, jaiva layakangal, asamskritha uthppannangalo nirmmaana prakriyayil idanilakkaaraayo upayogikkunna feedstokku rasavasthukkal ennivayaanu praadhamika malineekaranangal (udha.jii.chlorinated benzene), kanatha lohangal, raasa yuddha vasthukkal, avayumaayi bandhapetta thakarcha uthppannangal, tx polulla jaiva yuddha ejantu enniva. koodaathe, aayudangal (theepidikkunna aayudangal ulppede) nirmmikkukayum pareekshikkukayum cheythu, koodaathe aasbatosum polychlorinated biphenals (pcb) rmail upayogichu. innu, colorado pothujanaarogya paristhithi vakupp anusarichu ithu apakadakaramaaya maalinya sthalamaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
bhoogarbha jalathinte malineekaranam.
line cheyyaatha thadangalilekku maalinyangal puranthallappettathaanu adisthaanam ulla vandal jalasambharaniyude malineekaranam srishtichathu. yunaittad stetts nuclear regulatory commissionil ninnu inipparayunna daatta uruthirinjathaanu. 1943 muthal 1956 vare, yuu. ezz sainyavum shell maalinyangal line cheyyaatha thadangalilekku puranthallukayum athinte falamaayi aayudhasekharathinu purathulla southu plait nadhi malinamavukayum cheythu. aazhamillaatha cheli jalasambharaniyil ninnu pump cheytha vellam moolam vilakalkku kedupaadukal sambhavichathayi sameepathulla karshakar parathippettu. ithinu marupadiyaayi, 1956-ll sainyam maalinyangal neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi oru asphaalt lined impoundment nirmmichu. 1961-ll sainyam maalinyangal neekkam cheiyunnathinaayi 12,000 adii aazhathilulla kuthivayppu kinner nirmmichu. ithu denver pradeshathu thudarnnulla bhookambangalkku kaaranamaayi. 1975-ll collado pothujanaarogya paristhithi vakupp sainyathodum shellinode malinavasthukkalude anuvadaneeyamallaatha discharge thadayaanum saittil ninnu malinamaaya bhoogarbhajalam niyantrikkaanum oru nireekshana padhathi nadappakkaanum utharavittu. oro varshavum ekadesham 1 bilyan gaalan vellam samskarikkunna bhugarbhajala thadassa samvidaanam sthaapikkunnathu ulppedunna malineekaranam thadayunnathinaayi sainyavum shell parihara nadapadikal sweekarichu. 1985ll aazhathilulla kuthivayppu kinner 1988ll thadam eph adachu. 
deseeya vibhava naashanashta vilayiruthal anusarichu, shudheekarana sramangal moolam malineekaranam kurachittundengilum, aayudhappurayilum parisaratthum ulla vellam orikkalum poornnamaayum shudhamaayirikkilla. ekadesham 52,500 ekkar adii (65 dasalaksham cubic meter) alavil ulla eee jalasambharani manushya upabhogathinu upayogikkaan kazhiyilla.
vanyajeevikalude parikkukal.
vanyajeevikalkk niravadhi parikkukal enn. aarr. dii. eiii kandethi. yuu aanu ithu kanakkaakkiyath.ezz. 1970kalil 10 varshathinide kuranjathu 20,000 thaaraavukalenkilum marichathaayi malsya, vanyajeevi sevanangal parayunnu. mallard mrithadehangalil uyarnna alavil dildrin undennu kandethiyittundu. niravadhi sasthanikaleyum pakshikaleyum chattha nilayil kandethi, avarkk kuranja prathyulpaadana nirakko janana vaikalyangalo anubhavappettirikkam.
ayalvaasikalude suraksha aashankakal.
superfund saitt nilayum naadakeeyamaaya shucheekaranangalum kaaranam, armaic chuttumulla ayalpakkangalile niravadhi thamasakkaar saittinte aduthulla thaamasatthinte aarogya apakadangalekkurichu aashanka prakadippichu. 2017 septambaril, rmaude malinamaaya pradeshangal niyantrikkaanulla avakaashathinaayi american sarkkaarinethire kesedukkaan collado samsthaanam oru cases phayal cheythu. 2010ll eee sthalam vrithiyaakkunnathu poortthiyaayi kanakkaakkiyirunnuvenkum, oro anchu varshathilum mannu, bhoogarbhajalam ennivayude nireekshana reethikal nadakkunnu, ithu shucheekaranathinte phalangal nilanilkkunnuvennu urappaakkunnu. kinattukalile jalathinte upayogam, paarppida vikasanam, malsyathinteyum aayudhashekharathil ninnulla kalikaludeyum upabhogam, aayudhashekharathinte kaarshika upayogam ennivaykkulla niyanthranangal saittil kooduthal shaasthreeya gaveshanam poortthiyaakunnathuvare nilanilkkum.
vellam.
kinarukalil ninnulla malinamaaya bhoogarbhajalam moolam undaakunna prathyaaghaathangal kaaranam chuttumulla pala pradeshangalilum adams kaundiyude mattu pradeshangalil ninnu kudivellam nalkiyittundu. kudivellatthinte chila saambilukalil 1,4-dioxane enna raasavasthuvinte alavu kandethiyittundu. epak uchithamaaya maanadandangalonnumille kolaradoyude avasthaykku eee raasavasthuvin oru staanderd treatment protocol undu.
mannu.
rmaude shucheekaranathinte bhaagamaayi, uparithalathinu 10 adii vare thaazheyulla manninte bhooribhaagavum saittil ninnu neekkam cheythu. eee mannu apakadakaramaaya maalinyangal niranjukidakkunnu. manninte malinamaaya pradeshangal paarakkettukalulla parvatha ayudhappurayil nilanilkkunnundenkil avaa thadangalilum niyanthrana gadanakalilum adangiyirikkunnu.
vaayuvinte gunanilavaaram.
rma vrithiyaakkunna samayat, apakadakaramaaya vasthukkalil ninnulla vaayu malineekaranathekkurichulla aashanka uyarnnu. collado pothujanaarogya paristhithi vakupp rmaude vividha sthalangalil nireekshana samvidaanangal sthaapichu. vrithiyaakkiya pathittaandukaliludaneelam, aayudhashekhara rasavasthukkal vaayuvilekku purathuvidaathathinaal pothujanaarogyathinu suraksha apakadangalonnumillenn eyar monittarmaar velippeduthi.
epidemiological padanangal.
paarakkettukalulla parvatha aayudhasekharavumaayi bandhapetta deerghakaala kaarshika, aarogya aashankakal raashtreeyavum niyamaparavumaaya pooraattangalude sankeernamaaya charithrathinu kaaranamaayittund. thadavumaayi bandhapetta kanatha asthiramaaya malineekaranangal eee sthalathekkurichum aayudashekharam vrithiyaakkunna prakriyayekkurichum pothujanagalkkidayil aashanka uyarthukayum yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz.-yuu. ezz. yuu.-yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu.-yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. ezz. yuu. yuu.ezz. sainyam, yuu.ezz. 1996ll paristhithi samrakshana ejansiyum colorado aarogya paristhithi vakupum. shucheekaranam phalapradamaanenna community urappu vardhippikkuka ennathaayirunnu emm. emm. piyude lakshyangalilonn, athil vaayuvinte gunanilavaara nireekshanam, cancer nireekshanam, janana vaikalya nireekshanam enniva ulppedunnu. 1997ll maalinya nirmarjana prakriyaykoppam aayudhappurayude vaayuvinte gunanilavaara nireekshanam aarambikkukayum 2009 juulai vare nireekshanam thudarukayum cheythu.
janana vaikalyangalkkulla nireekshanam nilavilulla janana vaikalya registry march 1989-march 2009 ll ninnulla nishkriya nireekshana daatta upayogichu. colorado pothujanaarogya paristhithi vakupp thayyarakki 2010 februvariyil prasidheekaricha "janana vaikalyangalkkayulla paaramann aazhsanal medical monittaring prograam nireekshanam" enna sangrahathil ninnu inipparayunna daatta uruthirinju. eee padanatthil, adisthaana janana vaikalyangal kanakkaakkiyath 1989-1997 enna kaalayalavil ninnaan, athu vrithiyaakkaan thudangiya samayamaayirunnu, ulppeduthal maanadandangalil jananasamayathe ammayude vilasam bhoomishaasthraparamaaya patana mekhalaykkullil ulppedunnu. ammayude mattu janasamkhyaashaasthrangalum shekharichu. vishakalanathil ulppeduthiya janana vaikalyangal ivayaayirunnu "motham janmana vaikalyangal, pradhana janmana vaikalyangal, hridaya vaikalyangal, peshi, asthikooda vaikalyangal, vrukka, moothrasanchiyile vaikalyangal", eee vibhagangal krithyatha report cheiyunnathil poruthappedaathavayaayirunu. eee padanatthinte sthithivivarakkanakkukali sradheyamaaya kandethalukal (pii <0.01) ammamaaril janasamkhyaaparamaaya vyathyaasangal inipparayunna reethiyil ulppedunnu colladoyile 27 vayassumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol sharashari praayam 24, velutha/hyspanic, karuthavarggakkaaraaya ammamaaril uyarnna sathamaanam, colladoyile mothatthilulla 13.1 vayassumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol sharashari vidyaabhyaasa nilavaaram 11.8 vayass, vivahitharaaya ammamar kuravum prasavapoorva sandarshanangal kuravumaanu. eee saadhyathayulla aashayakkuzhappangal eee reportil vyakthamaayi abhisambodhana cheythitilla, ithu vishakalanam sankeernamaakkukayum janasamkhyaaparamaaya gadakangale aashrayichirikkunna exposure riskile asamathvangalekkurichu aashanka uyarthukayum cheyyum. kolaadoyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol patana mekhalayile janmana undaakunna vairudhyangalude adisthaana nirakk janasamkhya thammil kaaryamaaya vyathyaasangal kanikkunnilla. shucheekaranathin munbullathumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol shucheekarana kaalayalavil janmana undaakunna vairudhyangalil kaaryamaaya vardhanavu kanditilla, ennirunnaalum praadhamika malineekarana sambhavangalkk munbu adisthaana dattayilla, kaaranam daatta ithuvare shekharichitilla, akkaalat janasamkhya valare vyathyasthamaayirunnu.
churukkatthil, aarogyaparamaya prathyaaghaathangalekkurich nilavil thelivukalonnumilla. collado department oof public health aandu envayonment sisukkalil janana vaikalyangal undakanulla saadhyatha vardhikkunnillennu kandethi. colorado aarogya vakupp nadatthiya cancer sambhavangalekkurichulla oru prathyeka padanatthil aayudhappuraykk chuttumulla paarppida pradeshangalil thamasikkunna aalukalil cancer saadhyatha vardhikkunnathinulla bodhyappeduthunna thelivukal kandethiyilla, ennirunnaalum pradeshathe valia janasamkhyaaparamaaya mattangal patanam kooduthal budhimuttaakkukayum pukavaliyum ponnathadiyum moolam aashayakkuzhappathilakukayum cheythu. koodaathe, colorado stettu yooniversittiyil nadatthiya padanangalil rmaude 15 mailukalkkullile kammyoonittikalil arsenic, merkuri allengil neurotoxisity ennivaykkulla saadhyatha vardhikkunnillennu kandethi.
malineekaranathinteyum shucheekaranathinteyum saambathika aaghaatham.
niravadhi padhathikal aayudhappurayile malinamaaya bhoogarbhajalam vrithiyaakkaan sramichittundu. udaaharanathinu, eee pradeshathe pradhana malineekaranavasthukkalilonna dimp (disopropyl methyl phoosphoonet). oru nireekshana padhathi kaalakramena vardhichuvarunna mechappeduthalukal prakadamaakki, 1987-ll 640 parts perr bilyan (ppb) umm 1989-ll 55 ppb umm prathyekamaayi alannu, athesamayam 1985-ll 138 ppb, 1987-ll 105 ppb, 1988-ll 14 ppb, 1989-ll 6.7 ppb enningane vyathyasthamaaya oof-poost monittaring nannayi alannu. saitt vrithiyaakkunnathinulla saamoohika chelavu pidichedukkaan prayaasamaanengilum, miyezhsum haise pattikappedutthiya bhoogarbha jalamalineekaranam kaikaaryam cheiyunna pravartthanangalude pattikayil iva ulppedunnu
nerittulla saambathika aake ekadesham 11.1 kodi dollar vare kootticherkkunnu, eee kanakkukoottalil pravartthanavum paripaalanachelavum ulppedunnilla.
koodaathe, 1991 num 1993 num idayil bhaaviyile karshakar (eph. eph. eiii) ekadesham $<aii. dii. 1> dasalaksham chelavil poortthiyaakkiya pravartthanangalum undaayirunnu. 2004ll pimental ezhuthiya oru lekhanathil paarakkettukalulla parvatha aayudhappurayile bhoogarbhajalathil ninnum mannil ninnum keedanashinikal neekkam cheiyunnathinulla chelavu ekadesham 2 bilyan dollar aanennu kanakkakki. ellah bhoogarbhajalavum manushya upabhogathinaayi neekkam cheiyukayaanenkil prathivarsham 500 dasalaksham dollar chelavu varumennum avar abhiprayappettu.
shucheekaranathinum nireekshanatthinumulla chelavukal sankeernamaayathinaal malineekaranatthinte nerittullathum parokshavumaaya prathyaaghaatham krithyamaayi kanakkaakkunnath valare velluviliyaanu. koodaathe, malineekaranam moolam kannukaalikalkk nashtavum vilanashavum moolam graamapradeshangalkk naashanashtangal undaayittund. koodaathe, malineekaranam pothujanaarogyatheyum prakrithiyeyum prathikoolamaayi badhikkunnu (theneecha vishabaadha, keedangalodulla keedanashini prathirodham, prakrithidatha vettakkaarude nasham, vanyamrugangal, sookshumaanukkal). yuu. esile keedanaashinikalude malineekaranam moolamulla motham chelavu kanakkakkaan sramikkunna niravadhi padanangalundu.ezz. mattu raajyangalilum; ennirunnaalum, paroksha chelavukal kanakkakkaan prayaasamaan, pakshe motham nerittulla paaristhithika, saamoohika chelavukalekkaal pala madangu kooduthalaayirikkum. paarakkettukalulla parvatha aayudhashekharathinte kaaryatthil, motham paroksha chelavu kanakkakkiyittilla.
rockie moundan aarsanal enn. dablyu. aarr act.
1986ll, manushyarude pravartthanangalude abhavam eee pradeshathe oru swamedhayaa ulla paarkkayi maattiyenn kandethi, annu vamshanaashabheeshani neridunna oru inamaaya kashandi kazhukanmaarude shaityakaala saamudaayika valarchaye saittil kandethi. yuu.ezz. maan, koyattukal, velutha pelikkan, moongakal ennivayulppede 330-ladhikam inam vanyajeevikal malsya-vanyajeevi sevanam kandupidichu.
1992 octoberil rockie moundan aarsanal naashanal wildlife shelfer act pasakkukayum president jorjju echu oppidukayum cheythu. dablyu. bush. paristhithi punasthaapanam poortthiyaakumbol saittinte bhooribhaagavum malsya-vanyajeevi sevanathinte adikaaraparidhiyil varunna oru deseeya vanyajeevi abhayakendramaayi maarumennu ithu vyavastha cheiyunnu. saadhyamaayathra, aayudhashekharathinte bhagangal edakkaalathil oru abhayasthaanamaayi kaikaaryam cheyyanamennum niyamam vyavastha cheiyunnu. avasaanamaayi, aayudhappurayude paridhiyil rooad vipuleekaranathinaayi kurachu ayudhashala bhoomi kaimarunnathinum vaanijya nagaram vikasanathinum kootticherkkalinum vilkkunnathinum niyamam vyavastha cheiyunnu.
1995 muthal, eee kettidangal deseeya kazhukan shekharathinte aasthaanamaayi maari, raajyathe ellah chattha swarnna, kashandiyulla kazhukanmaarudeyum mrithadehangal sweekarikkukayum thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarkk saamskaarika upayogathinaayi thoovalukalum mattu bhaagangalum nalkukayum cheiyunna malsya-vanyajeevi sevanathinte oru oafees.
2010 septambaril shucheekaranam poortthiyaayathaayi kanakkaakkukayum bhoomiyude backie bhagangal yuu. esilekku maattukayum cheythu.ezz. malsya, vanyajeevi sevanangal, motham athikkunnu. rund sthalangal sainyam nilanirtthi charitraparamaaya upayogam kaaranam thekkan plaant sthaanam, ippol plaantukalil upayogikkunna vividha kettidangalude avashishtangal adangiya oru landfillaaya vadakkan plaant sthaanam.
2011 meyy 21 nuu, abhayakendrathinulla audyogika sandarshaka kendram, vaasasthalam muthal nilavile avastha vareyulla saittinte charithrathekkurichulla oru pradarshanathode thurannu.
pothu upayogam.
1996 juun maasathe yuu. ezz. eph. dablyu.-yude samagra maanejment plaaninte rooparekhaykku anusrithamaayi, aarr. emm. eiii. community aoutteechu, vidyaabhyaasa paripaadikal ennivayiloode (sandarshaka axus plan yuu. ezz. eph. dablyu.-kalum nalkunnathupole) pothujana upayogathinu labhyamakum. parihara sramangaleyum yuu. ezz. eph. dablyu. esinte pravarthanangaleyum pinthunaykkunnathinide eee pothu labhyatha nadappaakkum.
dixinte sports goods paarkk.
2007 eprilil dikkinte sports goods paarkk, oru socker-nirddishta stadium, vaanijya nagaratthilekku maattiya muun paarakkettukalulla parvatha aayudhashekharathinte bhagamaaya oru bhaagath thurannu. puthiya vedhi mejar leag sokkarinte collado rapidukalkku aathidheyathvam vahikkunnu.
kaattukutthan.
yuu. ezz. eph. dablyu. ezz. baisan padhathiyude bhaagamaayi 2007 maarchil oru cheria kaattupothu koottatthe abhayakendrathilekku konduvannu. mondaanayile deseeya kaattukuthira shreniyil ninnaan mrugangal maattiyath.