seabra baattari

saadhaaranayaayi labhyamaya vasthukkale adisthaanamaakkiyulla recharge cheyyaavunna urukia uppu baattariyude oru tharamaan seabra baattari-praadhamikamaayi nikkal lohav parambaraagatha table saltil ninnulla soodiyam, chloride. ithu saankethikamaayi soodiyam-nikkal-chloride baattari ennum chilappol soodiyam-mettal-halide baattari ennum ariyappedunnu. 1985ll dakshinaafrikkayil aarambhicha siyolait baattari research aphrica padhathikku keezhilulla vikasanathil ninnaan eee pothunamam vannath.
seabra baattarikal choodaayi sookshikkendathundu, taapa maanejment kaaranangalal, valia formaattukalil nirmmikkumbol maathrame praayogikamaakoo. avaa praadhamikamaayi grid oorjja sambharanathinum oru paridhivare electric vaahanangalkkum parishodhikkappettittund. samanamaaya soodiyam-sulfur baattarikk lalithavum surakshithavum chelavu kuranjathumaaya badalaanu seabra, ennirunnaalum ithu kuranja oorjja saandrata vaagdaanam cheiyunnu, soodiyam-sulferinu 150 doubleuech/kilogram ennathinekkaal 90 muthal 120 doubleuech/kilogram vare. seabra soodiyam sulfur lythium-irumbu-phoosphett, lythium-sulfur thudangiya ariyappedunna samvidaanangalumaayi malsarikkunnu.
seabra roopakalppana roopakalppana muthal oonn-oof vikasanam kandu, kandu eare harwell aandu ejil pradhana gaveshanangal nadannu. dimeler egg vaangi pinneedu chryslerumaayi layichathinushesham seabra division vittu. erinte vikasanam beetta aarr & dii aayi maarukayum 2011ll general electric vaangukayum cheythu. durathon enna peril urukia soodiyam-nikkal-chloride baattariyude vaanijya uthppaadanam aarambikkaan ge shramichuvenkilum saankethika budhimuttukalkku pakaram 2015ll vipani choondikkaatti eee padhathi raddaki. smc baattarikalude eaka nirmmaathaav ippol ephsonic aanu. 
vivaranam.
pashchaathalam.
rasapravarthanangalil electronukalude kaimaattam ulppedunnu. prathikaranangalil ulppedunna vasthukkale "reagentukal" ennu vilikkunnu. eee electron kaimattangal swamedhayaa nadakkunnathil ninnu thadayaan baattarikal eathenkilum tharatthilulla mechanical allengil kemikkal barrier upayogikkunnu, electronukalkku neengaan oru baahya paatha labhyamaakumbol maathrame avaa sambhavikkaan anuvadikkoo. eee paatha pinneedu oru loadle gadippikkukayum jolie cheyyaan upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. mikka baattarikalilum rund reactorukalkkidayil oru electrolyte upayogikkunnathiloodeyaanu prathikaranam niyanthrikkunnath. thathfalamaayundaakunna reactantukal sisttathil ninnu purathuvidukayaanenkil avaye kooduthal saadhaaranamaayi (pakshe ellaayppozhum allah) indhana cellukalaayi tharamthirikkunnu.
saadhaarana dispossible sink-kaarban baattariyil ("dry sell"), sink, manganese ooksaid ennivayaanu ulppedunna rund praadhamika rasavasthukkal, sink chloridinteyum amonium chloridinteyum electrolyte vellathil layippichu kattiyulla pesttu undaakkunnu. baattariyude puram bhaagath electrolytil ninnu singilekkulla ooksijante chalanam prathikaranatthinte pakuthiyum nayikkunnu. electrolytil ninnu adhika ooksijan mochippikkappettal maathrame eee prathikaranam thudaraan kazhiyoo. prathikaranatthinte randaam pakuthi nalkunnathu manganese ooksaid electrodaanu, ithu electronukal avatharippikkumbol electrolytilekku ooksijan nalkunnu. athinaal, sinkinu idayil maamganeesinoppam oru conductor gadippikkunnathu vaidyuthadhaara ozhukaan kaaranamakum.
sink-kaarban baattariyil, raasapravarthanam oru dishayil maathrame eluppathil sambhavikkoo-baattari "recharge" cheyyaan sramikkunnathu sink athinte yadhaartha kharaavasthayilekku shudhamaayi maarunnathin kaaranamakilla. vasthukkal athe reethiyil allengil athe alavil maaraathathum recharge cheyyaan kazhiyunnathumaaya mattu prathikaranangalund. baattarikale saadhaaranayaayi rund tharangalayi thirichirikkunnu; recharge cheyyaan kazhiyaatha "primery" baattarikalum "secondary" baattarikalum. mechappetta tharam dvitheeya baattarikal gaveshanathinte oru pradhana mekhalayaanu.
urukia uppu designukal.
ionic bonded samyukthangal palathum oru baattarikk upayogapradamaaya vasthukkalaan. aavarthanappattikayil kazhiyunnathra akaleyulla prathipravartthanangale thiranjeduthukondu prathikaranatthinte voltage angane oru thanmaathraykk labhyamaya motham oorjjavum vardhikkunnu. ettavum noothanamaaya baattari saankethikavidyakal laitt mettal vibhaagathil ninnulla gadakangale, prathyekichu lythium, soodiyam, graafinte maruvashathulla ooksijan, sulfur thudangiya prathipravartthana gadakangale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu.
ithu saadhaarana table saltine eathaandu anuyojyamaaya baattari meteeriyalaakkunnu, ithu samyojippikkumbol 2.58 wolt uthpaadippikkunnu, saadhaarana sink adisthaanamaakkiyulla baattarikalkk ithu 1.5 wolt aanu. ennirunnaalum, eee kompineshan saadhaaranayaayi urukia avasthayilaanu sambhavikkunnath. parambaraagatha draavaka electrolyteukalil, urukia uppu vasthukkal kalarthaan swathanthramaayirikkum, oru baahya surcuted aavasyamillaathe allengil athuvazhi vaidyuthi verthirichedukkaathe prathikaranam poortthiyaakkum. eee saahacharyathil oru baattari draavaka reactorukale verthirikkunna oru khara electrolyte upayogikkendathundu.
aadyathe urukia uppu baattarikal 1940-kalil vikasippikkukayum randaam lokamahaayudhakaalathum athinusheshavum misail maarganirddesha samvidaanangalil aadyamaayi vyaapakamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. eee roopakalppanakal magneeshyam ooksaid oru sponchayi draavaka avasthayil vevvere roopappetta reactors sambharikkaan upayogichu. reactorukalil kuthirtha sesham, magneeshyam ooksaid oru kharapadaarthamaayi thanuppikkukayum gulikakalaayi amarthi adukki vaykkukayum cheythu. gulikakal choodaakkumbol, reactors uruki sponchil ninnu puratthekku ozhuki vaidyuthi ulppaadippikkaan thudangunnu. ithu nashtangalonnumillaathe deerghakaalathekku sookshikkaan anuvadikkunnu, pakshe "oru shoat" maathram upayogikkunnu.
soodiyam-sulfur.
recharge cheyyaavunna urukia uppu baattari vipaniyile oru pradhana vikasanam beetaa-alumina soolid electrolyte allengil bays ennariyappedunna soolid seramic electrolytinte vikasanamaayirunnu. bays, oru siyolait, soodiyam ayonukale athiloode neengaan anuvadikkunnu, athesamayam ionise cheyyaatha sodiyatheyum mattu thanmathrakaleyum thadayunnu. ionic lavanangalumayi adithara samyojippikkunnath recharge cheyyaavunna aadyathe urukia uppu battariyaaya soodiyam-sulfur baattariyilekk nayichu. saadhaarana roopakalppanakalil, oru bays silindar sodiyathe akathu ninnu sulferil ninnu verthirikkukayum avaa thammilulla charge kaimattatthinu madhyasthatha vahikkukayum cheiyunnu. soodiyam oru electron upekshikkumbol, athinu aditharayiloode neengukayum aditharayil pothinjirikkunna kaarban sponchile sulfarumaayi samyojippikkukayum cheyyaam.
pravarthanatthinaayi, muzhuvan baattariyum 119 digri selshyasil sulferinte dravanaankathilekko athinumukalilo choodaakkanam. sodiyathinu kuranja dravanaangam undu, ekadesham 98 digri selshyas, athinaal urukia sulfur kaivasham vaykkunna oru baattari sthirasthithiyaayi urukia soodiyam kaivasham vaykkunnu. ithu gurutharamaaya suraksha aashankayaan uyarthunnathu; soodiyam vaayuvil swamedhayaa kathunnathumaanu, sulfur valare kathunnathumaanu. atharam baattari sajjeekarichirikkunna foord ekkosttarinte niravadhi udaaharanagal, recharge cheyyumbol theepiduthatthilekku pottitherikkukayum foord eee ashayam upekshikkaan idayaakkukayum cheiyunnu. eee samvidaanam upayogichulla oru pradhana grid-storeju vikasanavum 2011 septambarile sukuba plaantile theepidithatthil gurutharamaaya theepiduthatthinu kaaranamaayi. soodiyam-sulfur battariyekkurichu kooduthal kaanuka.
seabra.
surakshithamaaya reactors upayogikkunna urukia uppu baattarikk soodiyam-sulfur roopakalppanayekkaal vyakthamaaya nettamundaakum. ennirunnaalum, ettavum prateeksha nalkunna vasthukkal athinte nilavile roopathil aditharayumaayi nannayi pravarthichilla. ithu saadhaarana table salt upayogichu pravartthikkaan anuvadikkunnathinaayi bays parishkkarikkan sramikkunnathinulla seabra shramathilekku nayichu. 1978ll aadyathe pettant anuvadichukondu dakshinaafrikkayile kaunsil phoor scientific aandu industrial researchile johann kotsaraanu adisthaana ashayam vikasippichath.
kooduthal vikasanam yukeyil eare harvellil aarambhichu, thudarnnu beetta gaveshanavum vikasanavumayi maari. 1988ll aijum (pinneedu diamler) anglo american chernnu roopeekaricha samyuktha samrambhamaayi beetta layippichu. layicha kambaniyaaya eiju anglo baattarikal 1994ll seabra baattarikalude pailat nirmmaanam aarambhichu, ennaal 1998ll diamler chrysler layichathode padhathi avasaanippichu. 1999ll swittsarlandil roopeekaricha mess-dee vikasanam etteduthu. prathivarsham eathaanum aayirakkanakkin paaykkukalulla cherukida uthppaadanam ettedukkappettu. swittsarlandile mairinganile innoveshan energy nikkal ghadakam ozhikeyulla aabhyantharamaayi labhikkuna asamskritha vasthukkalude upayogathiloode eee saankethikavidya kooduthal opttimais cheythu. lythium ayann baattarikalumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol sheshi kuranjuvenkilum, sourorjjathil ninnulla nischala oorjja sambharanathinu seabra saankethikavidya baadhakamaan. oru shopping sentarinte melkkoorayil 540 kilowatt sourorjja cellukalkkaayi kambani pravartthikkunnu, koodaathe susthiravum visharahithavumaya vasthukkalil ninnu prathivarsham oru dashalakshathiladhikam baattari unitukal uthpaadippikkunnu.
oru puthiya khara electrolyte uthppaadippikkunnathina nikkal, bays polulla soodiyam aluminium chloride ennivayude misritham vikasippichedukkuka ennathaayirunnu seabra roopakalppanayude thacol. soodiyam-sulfur design pole, seabra saadhaaranayaayi oru silindar vaarshika asambliyil allengil "kanular" aanu nirmmikkunnath. puram cases, nikkal pothinja stainless steel, negatteevu terminala asambliyude praadhamika kandeynaraayum pravartthikkunnu. aavaranathinullil nerittu soodiyam lohamund. sodiyathinakathu thookkiyidunna seramic bays electrode, athil, nickle 2, nalcle 4 ennivayude misritham. athinte madhyathil thookkiyidunna oru electrode positteev terminalayi pravartthikkunnu.
bays seramic thaarathamyena pottunnathinal mechanical shokkukal kaaranam pottalundaakaarund. iva thurakkumbol, cheiyunnu sodiyavumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthi uppu undaakkukayum aluminium lohathe avakshepikkukayum cheiyunnu
cheiyunnu + + 3naacl + aall
cheria villalukal adaykkunna oru karkkashamaaya samyukthamaanith. oru paridhivare short surcuted ulla sellil valia villalukal roopappedukayum baattari sarcutil ninnu neekkam cheyyendathundenkil.
sebra roopakalppanayude charge karvil sell poornnamaayum discharge cheiyunnathinu thottumunbu pettennulla volteju drope undu. ithu chaarjinte avastha (ezz. oo. sii) ariyunnathum baattari "nasikkaan" pokunnundo ennum arian budhimuttaakkunnu. ithu kuraykkaan sahaayikkunnathin, randaamathe prathikaranam srishtikkaan adhika aluminium loha shakti cherkkunnu
all + + 4naakl + naalkl 4
eee prathikaranam sambhavikkunnath nirthukayum cheria volteju drope undaakukayum cheyyumbol chaarjinte avastha soochippikkaan ithu kazhiyum, ithu baattari kuranja sokkilaanennu soochippikkunnu.
uppu 154 selshyasil draveekarikkukayum baattari kuranjathu eee thapanilayil pravartthikkukayum venam, saadhaaranayaayi 300 selshyasinaduthaayirikkanadum. taapa niyanthranathinaayi, koshangal eratta mathil vaakvam kuppikkullil sookshikkunnu, saadhaaranayaayi kattiyullathaanu. baattari ooshmaavil thanuppikkukayaanenkil, athu veendum pravarthanakshamamaakkaan rund divasam vare edukkum. choodulla vasthukkalum soodiyam lohav oru suraksha prashnamaayi thudarunnu.
oru naa-ezz baattariyil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, kaathodile naa + ayoon chalanam sugamamaakkunnathin seabra baattariyile dvitheeya draavaka electrolytaayi (kaatholaitt) nalcl 4 saadhaaranayaayi upayogikkunnu, ithu kuranja pravartthana thapanilayum surakshita sell parajaya modukalum ulppedeyulla naa-ezz battariyekkaal nirnaayaka nettangal nalkunnu. seabra baattarikk aanodil loha soodiyam upayogikkaathe uyarnna voltage discharge cheytha avasthayil saphe assembly polulla gunangalundu.

