verukalude marddam

oru verukalude koshangalkkullile thirascheenamaaya draavakamardhamaanu verukalude marddam, ithu oru chediyude thandiloode elakalilekku sravam uyaran kaaranamaakunnu.
raathriyil manninte eerppam uyarumbozho pakal samayat bashpeebhavanam kurayumbozho chila rakthakkuzhalukalude sailimil verukalude marddam sambhavikkunnu. baashpeekaranam kooduthalaayirikkumbol, shwaasakosham valikkunnath kaaranam sammarddathilalla, marichu sailam saap saadhaaranayaayi pirimurukkathilaanu. chila chedikalude raathriyil, verukalude marddam elakalude agrangalil ninno arikukalil ninno sailam sravam thullikal puranthallunnathino puranthallunnathino kaaranamaakunnu. manninte nilaykk sameepamulla chediyude chimp neekkam cheythaanu verukalude marddam padikkunnathu. verukalude marddam kaaranam sailam saap muricha thandil ninnu manikorukalo divasangalo puranthallappedum. katt stemmil oru presher gej gadippichittundenkil, root marddam alakkaan kazhiyum.
daathukkalude poshaka ionukal verukalaaya sailam enna moolakathilekku sajeevamaayi vitharanam cheiyunnathiloodeyaanu verukalude marddam undaakunnath. ayonukale kaandatthilekku kondupokunnathinu baashpeekaranamillathe, avaa root sailimil adinjukoodukayum jalasheshi kuraykkukayum cheiyunnu. oosmoosis kaaranam vellam mannil ninnu root sailemilekku vyaapikkunnu. sailimil vellam adinjukoodunnathu karkkashamaaya koshangale thallunnathaanu root marddathinu kaaranamaakunnath. verukalude marddam oru shakti nalkunnu, athu thandilekku vellam thallunnu, pakshe ettavum uyaramulla marangalude mukalilulla elakalilekku vellam neengunnathin ithu paryaapthamalla. chila chedikalile paramavadhi verukalude marddam 6.87 meter vare maathrame vellam uyarthaan kazhiyoo, ettavum uyaramulla marangalkk 100 meteriladhikam uyaramundu.
endodermisinte punk.
verile endodermis verukalude marddam vikasippikkunnathil pradhaanamaan. courtexin perisaikilinum edayilulla koshangalude orotta paaliyaan endodermis. jalanirodhitha padaarthamaaya suberin kondu nirmmicha casparian strippil athunnathuvare eee koshangal jalathinte chalanathe anuvadikkunnu. endodermal sell mathilukaliloode daathukkalude poshaka ionukal nishkriyamaayi neengunnathu casparian strip thadayunnu. apoplaast paathayiloode eee koshamathilukalil vellavum ionukalum neengunnu. endodermisinu purathulla ionukal endodermisil praveshikkunnathino purathukadakkunnathino oru endodermal sell membraniloode sajeevamaayi kondupokanam. endodermisinullil praveshichukazhinjaal, ionukal simplaast paathayilaanu. avaa veendum puratthekku vyapikkaan kazhiyillengilum plaasmodesmatta vazhi koshatthil ninnu koshatthilekku neengaano sailemilekku sajeevamaayi kondupokaano kazhiyum. sailam paathrangalilo trachayidukalilo orikkal, ionukal veendum apoplaast paathayilaanu. sailam paathrangalum shwaasanaalangalum chediyilekku vellam kondupokunnundengilum kosha stharangal illa. casparian strip avayude kosha stharangalude abhaavathinu pakaramavukayum endodermisil ninnu puratthekku varunna apoplaast pathayil shekharicha ionukal nishkriyamaayi vyaapikkunnathil ninnu thadayukayum cheiyunnu. sailimil endodermisil akathu adinjukoodunna ionukal oru jalasadhyatha gradient srishtikkukayum oosmoosis vazhi, eerppamulla mannil ninnu courtexiludaneelam, endodermis vazhiyum sailemilekkum vellam vyaapikkukayum cheiyunnu.
neeravi kuranjo poojyamo aayirikkumbol verukalil ninnu jalavum alinja dhaatu poshakangalum sailam vazhi thaarathamyena hrasvamaaya sasyangalude mukalilekku kondupokaan verukalude marddathinu kazhiyum. alakkunna paramavadhi root marddam ekadesham 0.6 megaapaaskalukalaanenkilum chila speesheesukal orikkalum root marddam srishtikkunnilla. rakthakkuzhalukalile jalathinteyum daathukkaludeyum poshakangalude mukalilekkulla chalanathinu pradhana sambhavana nalkunnathu traanspireshanal pull aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ennirunnaalum, <aii. dii. 1> aapekshika eerppathil valarunna sooryakanthi chedikal saadhaarana valarukayum saadhaarana eerppathil sasyangalude athe alavil daathukkalude poshakangal shekharikkukayum cheythu, ithu <aii. dii. 1> eerppathil sasyangalude 10 muthal 15 madangu vare baashpeekarana nirakkundaayirunnu. athinaal, palappozhum anumaanikkunnathupole thaarathamyena hrasvamaaya sasyangalil daathukkalude poshakangalude mukalilekkulla gathaagathathil baashpeekaranam pradhaanamalla.
shaithyakaalath chilappol sailam pathrangal shoonyamaakum. sailam pathrangal veendum niraykkunnathil verukalude marddam pradhaanamaayirikkaam. ennirunnaalum, chila speesheesukalil verukalude marddamillaathe pathrangal veendum nirayunnu.
chila elapozhiyum marangalil avaa puratthekku varunnathinu munbu verukalude marddam palappozhum kooduthalaayirikkum. elakalillaathe bashpeebhavanam valare kuravaanu, jaiva draavakangal samaaharikkappedunnu, athinaal sailam jalathinte saadhyatha kuraykkunnu. panchasaara maple athinte sailimil uyarnna saandrata shekharikkunnu, ithu vasanthakaalathinte thudakkathil maple panchasaarayude uravidamaanu. chila marangal shaithyakaalathinte avasaanathilo vasanthakaalathinte thudakkathilo thandu murikkumbol sailam surp dhaaraalamaayi "rakthasraavam" cheiyunnu.jii. meppilum elmum. atharam rakthasraavangal verukalude marddathinu samaanamaan, ayonukalekkaal panchasaara maathram, sailam jalathinte saadhyatha kurachekkaam. maple marangalude savisheshamaaya saahacharyathil, sraava rakthasraavam moolamundaakunnath moola marddatthilalla, marichu moola marddathilundaaya maattangalaan.
ellah pullukalum verukalude marddam undakkaan saadhyathayund. mulakalil, verukalude marddam oru kloninte paramavadhi uyaravumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu.

