
ulnaadan timingala

theodora crober 1959 ll ezhuthiya oru pusthakamaanu dhii inland timingala. aadhikaarika vyaakhyaanathodoppam thaddesheeya american naadodikkadhakalude ombathu bhaagangalude punarvivaranamaanith. krobarinte gadyathinu prashamsa labhichu, ennirunnaalum oru niroopakan avar aakhyaanangalil kurachu swaathanthryam sweekarichathaayi abhiprayappettu. thaddesheeya vaakkalulla paarambaryangalude saahitya yogyatha prakadippikkaan shramicha thaarathamya saahithyathinte kruthiyaayi eee pusthakatthe visheshippichu.
ulladakkam.
"dhii inland veyil" enna kruthiyil thaddesheeya american naadodikkadhakalude ombathu bhaagangalum rachayithaavil ninnulla vyaakhyaanathinte oru valia bhaagavum adangiyirikkunnu. theodora croberinum avarude bharthaav alfredinum vivaricha eurok, carock janathayil ninnulla prasidheekarikkappedaathu rund ithihaasangalum vintu, yaana, maidu, yokuts, mohave thaddesheeya grouppukalil ninnulla nilavilulla shekharangalile vasthukkalum kadhakalude uravidangalil ulppedunnu. naayikamaarude oru pothu vishayam pankidunnavayaanu eee kruthikal. onnu kavitayum mattonn dairkhyameriya oru itihaasa kruthiyude bhagavumaanu. eee kruthikal crober ayanja reethiyil vivarthanam cheyyukayum, ethnolajiyekkurichu arivillaatha paashchaathyarkk avaa praapyamaakkunnathinaayi avaa edittu cheyyukayum cheythu. crober idaykkide vividha grouppukalil ninnulla kadhakalude pathippukal layippichirunnu. kamantari vibhaagathil ellah kruthikaludeyum yadhaartha prasidheekaranathekkurichu paraamarshangal adangiyirikkunnu. oro kruthiyudeyum charithravum vitharanavum ithil ulppedunnu. naravamshashaasthranjanaaya olivar laa farge aanu pusthakatthinte aamukham.
sweekaranam.
pandithanaaya david franch, "dhii jenal oof american follocolker" enna pusthakatthe avalokanam cheythukondu, thaddesheeya american kadhakalude mattu punarvivaranangalumayi ithine anukoolamaayi thaarathamyam cheyyukayum pandithanmarkkum saadhaaranakkaarkkum ithu upayogapradamaanennu ezhuthukayum cheythu. franch parayunnathanusarichu, kathakal "manassaakshiyodeyum utharavaadithathodeyum" edittu cheyyappettavayaayirunnu, koodaathe "indian vaakkalulla saahithyathodulla oru raksha sameepanathin aavasyamillennu pusthakam theliyichu". pothuvaaya vaayanakkaarane sambandhichidatholam kathakal "ulkkollunna" vum "aanandam, aardrata, bheethikarathwam polum" ulavaakkunnavayumaan "ennum addeham koottichertthu. midu vestt naadodikkadhakalil" ezhuthiyittulla buttler voo, athupole thanne, janapriya prekshakarkkaayi ezhuthappettittum, eee pusthakam "naadodikkathaakaaranmaarkku mikachathaanu" ennum krobarinte kurippukal athine "athinte vilaykkum athilum kooduthal vilaykkum" yogyamaakkiyennum paranju. pandithanaaya walter goldsmidt "american naravamshashaasthranjan" enna pusthakatthil crober "thaan manassilakkunnathinekkaal valare nannayi nirmmichuvennu" ezhuthukayum avalude "sensitiivu, eathaandu ganarachana" gadyathe prashamsikkukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kadhakalkku "svayam valareyadhikam" undennum crober yadhaartha vivaranagalil valareyadhikam swaathanthryam eduthittundennum goldsmidt paranju. naadodi ezhuthukaaranaaya jaims tidwell "dance maadu" enna kathayile aakhyaana shailiyil crober varuthiya parishkkaranatthe vimarshichu, ennaal pusthakatthe "mikachathu" ennu vilichu.
vishakalanam.
"ulnaadan thimingalathe" thaarathamya saahithyathinte oru kruthiyaayi visheshippikkunnu. krobarinte kruthikal hans kristhyan aandezhsan, sahodaranmaraaya grim, joyal chandler harris ennivarude naadodi vivaranangalude punarvivaranatthinte neenda paarambaryatthilaanennu goldsmidt ezhuthunnu, ithu crober oru vaakkalulla paarambaryam parishodhichu vipuleekarikkunnu. thaddesheeya american kathakal vaamozhiyayi prakshepanam cheyyappettathinaal pandithanmaar avaye palappozhum avaganichirunnuvennu franch rekhappeduthunnu; saahityamenna nilayil avayude yogyatha prakadippikkaan crober thante pusthakatthil shramichu. pusthakatthinte avasaanathil thante vyaakhyaanathil kadhakalude "saahityaparamaaya prathyaaghaathangal" crober parishodhikkunnu. kathakal likhitha saahithyathinte vyathyastha roopangalumaayi saamyamullavayaan athinaal kathakal vaakkalulla paarambaryangalile "vibhaga vyathyaasangal" prakadippichuvennu voo vaadikkunnu. chaals ezz. 1965-leeii oru punarmudranam avalokanam cheytha brayaant, vaakkalulla paarambaryatthinte moolyam saadhaarana prekshakarumaayi ashayavinimayam nadathunnathilaayirikkaam pusthakatthinte ettavum valia moolyamennu abhiprayappettu. pandithanaaya donald sii. californian thaddesheeya janathaykkullile vishalamaaya saamskaarika vyathiyaanam eee pusthakam pradharshippichuvennum avare oru ekashilaasampradaayamaayi kanda charitrakaaranmaarkku athil vilapetta paatamundennum cutter ezhuthi.