
bahirakasha pedakam kandethi

oru viramicha american bahirakasha pedakamaanu space shuttle "discovery" (oorbittar vehicle padavi ovi-103). naasayude bahirakasha shuttle prograamil ninnulla bhramanapathangalil onnaaya eee bahirakasha vimanam nirmmikkappedunna anchu poornnamaayum pravarthanakshamamaaya bhramanapathangalil moonnaamathethaanu. athinte aadya dauthyamaaya ezz. tii. ezz-41-dii 1984 august 30 muthal septambar 5 vare parannu. 27 varshathe sevanathil ithu 39 thavana vikshepikkukayum land cheyyukayum cheythu, innuvareyulla mattethoru bahirakasha pedakathekkaalum kooduthal bahirakasha yathrakal samaaharichu. bahirakasha shuttle vikshepana vaahanathin moonnu pradhana gadakangalundaayirunnu bahirakasha shuttle oorbittar, ottathavana upayogikkaavunna central fueval tank, veendum upayogikkaavunna rund soolid rokkatt boosttarukal. ree-entriyil uyarnna thapanilayil ninnu samrakshikkunnathinaayi ekadesham 25,000 taapa-prathirodha tailukal oorbittarine moodunnu.
"" "columbia" "," "chalanchar" "ennivaykku munbu sevanathilekku praveshikkunna moonnaamathe pravarthanakshamamaaya oorbittaraayi" "discovery" "maari". 2011 februvari 24nuu ezz. tii. ezz-133 enna avasana dauthyathil earppetta ithu, oru varsham muzhuvan bahiraakaashath chelavazhicha sesham march 9nuu kenneddy bahirakasha kendratthil avasaanamaayi ethi. "discovery" gaveshanavum anthaaraashtra bahirakasha nilaya (aii. ezz. iii. ezz) assembly dauthyangalum nirvahichu, koodaathe mattu upagrahangalkkidayil hubble bahirakasha dooradarshiniye bhramanapathathilekku kondupoyi. 
"" "discovery" "viramicha aadyathe pravartthana shuttle aayirunnu, thudarnnu" "prayatnam" ", thudarnnu" "atlaantis". " shuttle ippol steevan eph-ll pradharshippichirikkunnu. smithsonian naashanal eyar aandu space myoosiyathinte udwar-haasi sentar.
charithram.
1776 muthal 1779 vareyulla moonnaamatheyum avasaanatheyum pradhana yaathrayil kyapttan jaims cook command cheytha kappalukalilonnaya "discovery" enna peru pradhaanamaayum paryaveshana kappalukale adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru paarambaryatthe adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanu, koodaathe henry hudsons, 1610-1611 ll hudson ulkkadal paryavekshanam cheiyunnathinum vadakkupadinjaaran paatha thirayunnathinum upayogichu. eee perilulla mattu kappalukalil utharadhruvathilekkulla britiish artic paryaveshanatthil ulppedunnu, koodaathe kyapttan skottinte neethrthwathil antaarttikkayilekkul "kandethal" paryaveshanavum ulppedunnu.
bahirakasha shuttle "discovery" hubble space telescope vikshepikkukayum randaamatheyum moonnaamatheyum hubble sevana dauthyangal nadathukayum cheythu. ulysus" probe moonnu tdrs upagrahangalum vikshepichu. 1986ll "chalanchar" nashtamaayathin sesham 1988ll "ritten tuu flaitt" oorbittaraayi rund thavana "discovery" thiranjedutthu, thudarnnu 2003leeii "columbia" duranthatthinu sesham 2005 joolaiyilum 2006 joolaiyilum eratta "ritten tuu flaitt" dauthyangalkkaayi. akkaalat 77 vayassulla merkuri bahiraakaashayaathrikanaaya joonn glen 1998ll ezz. tii. ezz-95ll "discovery" yumayi parannu, ithu charithratthil aaa samayat bahiraakaashathekku pookunna ettavum praayam koodiya vyakthiyayi maari.
wandenberg vyomasena thaavalathil ninnu yunaittad stetts department oof defense pelodukal vikshepikkaan padhathiyittirunnenkil, "discovery" samarppita us airfozhs shuttle akumaayirunnu. athinte aadyathe padinjaaran theera dauthyamaaya ezz. tii. ezz-62-eiii 1986-ll shedule cheythirunnuvenkilum "chalanchar duranthatthe"thudarnnu raddaki.
"2011 march 9 nuu ezz. tii. ezz-133 enna avasana dauthyam poortthiyaakkiya sesham "discovery" viramichu. bahirakasha pedakam ippol virjeeniyayil steevan eph. ll pradharshippichirikkunnu. smithsonian sthaapanathinte deseeya vyoma, bahirakasha myoosiyathinte anubandhamaaya udwar-haasi sentar.
savisheshathakalum naveekaranangalum.
athinte nirmmaana samayat, madhya starboard windoic sameepam velutha tailukal undaayirikkenda niravadhi karutha tailukal gadippichirunnu. ithu oru nirupadravakaramaaya nirmmaana apakadatthinte falamaano atho shuttle oru vyathirikthamaya roopam nalkaan manahpoorvvam cheythathaano ennu anjjaathamaanu. eee savisheshathaye 'teardrop' ennu vilikkukayum athinte peru nokkaathe bakkiyulla kappalppadayil ninnu verittunilkkaan 'kandethal' anuvadikkukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum palappozhum aarambhikkathavar shradhikkunnilla.
enterprise", "columbia", "chalanchar" ennivayude nirmmaanatthilum parisodhanayilum nirnnayicha optimaiseshanukal kaaranam bahirakasha pedakam sevanathilekku konduvannappol "columbia" yekkaal ekadesham kuravaayirunnu. "sareerabhaaram kuraykkunnathinulla kooduthal krameekaranangal nadathiyathinu sesham" "atlaantisinekkaal" "bharamullathum" "parishramathekkaal" "bharamullathumaaya kandethal".
discovery" veytt opttimaiseshanukalude bhaagamaayi fuselageile velutha elrc tailukalekkaal kooduthal kvilattad afarsi puthappukal upayogikkukayum payload bay vaathilukalkkum chila wing spaarukalkkum beemkalkkum aluminiyathinu pakaram graafait epoxy upayogikkukayum cheythu.
1983ll kennady bahirakasha kendrathilekku athichappol, 1986ll upayogathinaayi aasoothranam cheythirunnathum ennaal "chalanchar" duranthatthinte pashchaathalatthil raddaakkiyathumaaya draavaka indhana sentor-jii boosttarine ulkkollunnathinayi "chalancharinoppam" "discovery" parishkarichu.
1995 avasaanathode kaaliforniyayile pamdelil onpathu maasathe oorbittar maintainance daun period (omdp) nuu oorbittar vidheyamaayi. anchaamathe koottam cryogenic taankukalum anthaaraashtra bahirakasha nilayathilekkulla dauthyangale pinthunaykkunnathinaayi oru baahya airlock upayogichu vahanam sajjeekarikkunnath ithil ulppedunnu. ellah oorbittarukalileyum pole, ithu prathyeka vimaanathinte mukalil gadippikkaan kazhiyumaayirunnu, 1996 juunil kennady bahirakasha kendrathilekku madangiyethiyappol angane cheythu, pinneedu 2012 eprilil udwar-hassie kendrathilekku ayachappol, parishkkaricha boying 747 ll piggy-back sawari cheythu.
ezz. tii. ezz-105 nuu sesham, kennidi bahirakasha kendratthil oorbittar mejar modification (oom) kaalayalavilekku kadanna oorbittar kappalppadayil aadyathethaanu "discovery". 2002 septambaril vaahanathe vimaanathilekkulla thirichuvaravinaayi orukkunnathinulla pravartthanangal aarambhichu. shedule cheytha naveekaranangalum adhika suraksha parishkkaranangalum joliyil ulppedunnu.
nirthalaakkukayum pradarshippikkukayum cheyyuka.
"2011 march 9nuu 'discovery' nirthalaakki.
deseeya shekharathinte bhaagamaayi oru maasam neenduninna maalinya nirmarjana prakriyaykku sesham smithsonian sthaapanathinte deseeya eyar aandu space myusiyathinu pothu pradarshanathinum samrakshanathinumaayi naasa "kandethal" vaagdaanam cheythu. "steevan eph-ll smithsonian displayil "discovery" maatti. virjeeniyayile udwar-hassie kendram. "2012 epril 17nuu washington dallas anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalathilekk "discovery" athikkukayum epril 19nuu udwar-haasiyilekku maattukayum avide oru swaagatha chadangu nadathukayum cheythu. pinneedu, vaikunneram ekadesham 5:30-oode, udwar mangiya madhyabhaagathu "discovery" athinte "avasana chakrangal nirthunnathilekku" uruttapettu.
vimanangal.
athinte avasana dauthyathil, "discovery" 39 dauthyangalilaayi 14.9 kodi mile (238 dasalaksham kilometer) parakkukayum 5,830 bhramanapathangal poortthiyaakkukayum 27 varshathinide 365 divasam bhramanapathathil chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. "1985ll maathram naalu vimanangal ulppede mattethoru oorbittar shuttle vimaanathekkaalum kooduthal vimanangal 'discovery' paratthi. "" "chalanchar" "," "columbia" "duranthangalkku sesham 1988-ll ezz. tii. ezz-26,2005-ll ezz. tii. ezz-114,2006-ll ezz. tii. ezz-121 ennee dauthyangalkku sesham" "repert tuu flaitt" "dauthyangal" "discovery" "parannu. 2011 februvari 24-nuu vikshepicha ezz. tii. ezz-133 enna bahirakasha shuttle prograaminte munkaala anthima dauthyamaanu" "discovery" "parannath. ezz. tii. ezz-134-umm naasayude avasana bahirakasha shuttle dauthyamaaya ezz. tii. ezz-135-umm" "atlaantis" "paratthi". 2011 februvari 24 nuu, kenneddy bahirakasha kendratthinte vikshepana samuchayam 39-ayil ninnu athinte avasana bhramanapatha parakkal aarambhikkunnathinayi bahirakasha shuttle "discovery" vikshepichu.
phloo directormaar.
vikshepanathinum landingin sesham athu prosess cheiyunnathinumulla shuttle mothatthilulla thayyaareduppinulla utharavaaditham phloo directoraayirunnu, koodaathe bahirakasha pedakatthinte graundu kroovinu neethrthwam nalkaan sthiramaayi niyamikkappedukayum bahiraakaashayaathrika flaitt kroo oro dauthyathinum maarukayum cheythu. oro shuttle phloo directorinum ore bahirakasha pedakatthinu oru vehicle maanejar pinthuna nalki. bahirakasha shuttle "discovery" yude phloo directormaar ivayaayirunnu

