
illayude avasaanam

1925ll franch ezhuthukaaranaaya jose moselliyude oru novalaanu dhii end oof illa (franch "laa phiin dii 'illa").
innu nilavilillaattha oru noothana naagarikathayude nilanilpp velippeduthunna oru pasaphik attolil naavikar oru kaiyezhuthuprathi kandethiyathodeyanu noval aarambhikkunnath. aakhyaathaavaaya sainika medhavi zee, illa nagaratthinte avasana naalukal vivarikkunnu, nagaram athinte svechaadhipathiyaaya raayarinte neethrthwathil ayal nagaramaya noorinethire yuddham cheythu.
shaasthreeya athbhuthavum uttopiyan saahityavum ennu tharamthirickunna eee noval atlaantisinte kettukadhaye punarvyaakhyaanikkunnu. saankethika purogathiyudeyum athinte saamoohika prathyaaghaathangaludeyum vishayangale jose moselli abhisambodhana cheiyunnu. phalatthil, oru svechaadhipathyathinte sthaapanavum shaasthreeya purogathikkoppam varunna dhaarmika thakarchayum kramena ilayile thilakkamaarnna naagarikathayude svayam naashatthilekku nayikkunnu.
1925 januvari 29num juulai 9num idayil sciences aandu voyejas maasikayil seeriyal roopathil aadyam prasidheekaricha eee katha aartist andrey galland chithreekarichirikkunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil fraansil eee noval niravadhi thavana veendum prasidheekarikkappettum 21-aamm noottaand vare engleeshilekku vivarthanam cheyyapettilla.
pashchaathalam.
marchant marainil oru kariyarinu sesham, jose moselli 1910 ll oru saahasika noval ezhuthaan nirddeshicha offenstaad sahodaranmaaril oraale kandumutty. avarude sahakaranm phalapradamaanennu theliyikkukayum jose moselli athivegam offenstaad sahodaranmaarude oru pramukha ezhuthukaaranaayi maarukayum cheythu.
thante saahityajeevithathil, moselli offenstaad prasidheekaricha maasikakalkkayi "gambheeram", "nirbhayan", "cheria chithreekaranam" allengil "karayuka" thudangiya noorolam episodic novalukal ezhuthi. angane, 1919 septambar 4 nuu rund sahodaranmaarum "sayans aandu voyejas" enna maasika purathirakkiyappol, avar addehathodu eee athisayakaramaaya upavibhagathilppetta hraswa rachanakal aavasyappettu. athinaal jose moselli maasikayude aadya pathippil "aise jayil" (1919-1920) prasidheekarikkaan thudangi; athinusesham niravadhi varshangalil addeham maasikaykku "phai" reey "(1921)," agaadhathile vijayikal "(1922), allengil athinte vaarshika anubandhathil (" shaasthreeya almanac ")" ananthamaaya yaatra allengil ananthathayude anweshakar "(1923)," grahathil ninnulla doothan "(1924) enniva nalki.
dhii end oof illa" prasidheekaricha samayat, offsenstaad sahodaranmaar thante pathratthil "shaasthrangalum yaathrakalum" yuvaakkalkk apakadakaramaanennu tharamthiricha madaadhipathiyaaya kaalippaykkethire maananashtakkes phayal cheiyukayaayirunnu. shaasthrangaludeyum yaathrakaludeyum" yuvajana vipani samrakshikkuka enna lakshyathode offenstaad ettedutha niravadhi kesukalil onnaayirunnu eee kodathi cases. muun vyavahaarangalilennapole, 1924 meyy 27-nuu, magazin prasidheekaricha novalukalkkum lekhanangalkkum avayekkurichu shaasthreeyamaayi onnumillennum thalphalamaayi kuttikalude bhavanayilum budhiyilum doshakaramaaya swaadheenam cheluthumennum paranju amiens kodathi cases nirasichu. eee kodathi cases moselli svayam sensarilekku nayikkukayum novalile vivaricha kandupiduthangalude vyaapthi kuraykkukayum cheythirikkaamennu sayans fiction upanyasakanaaya jackwus vaan herp vishwasichu.
shaasthrakadhayezhuthukal moselliyude kruthiyude oru bhagam maathrame prathinidheekarichirunnula; addeham kooduthalum saahasika novalukal ezhuthi. ennirunnaalum, 1919 num 1929 num idayil addeham "shaasthrathilum yaathrakalilum" patthu oohaathmaka novalukal prasidheekarichu.
sangraham.
aamukham grampus dweep.
1875 march 22 nuu, american timingala grampus kyapttan ellisinte neethrthwathil pasafikkil sanjarikkumbol, athu pattikappedutthaatha oru dveepine kandethunnu. kudivellam kandethunnathinayi naavika samgham erangukayum oru purathana naagarikathayude avashishtangalkkidayil, anjjaathamaaya oru padaartham kondu nirmmicha oru violet kallum nigoodamaaya aksharamalayil ezhuthiya oru kayyezhuthuprathiyum kandethukayum cheiyunnu. saan franciscoilekku madangumbol kyapttan ellis thante kandethal vivarikkunnu, athu aarum gauravamaayi edukkunnilla. kayyezhuthuprathiyum kallum doctor kinsonsinu cheria vilaykk vilkkunnu.
30 varshatholam, doctor eee rund vasthukkaludeyum rahasyam kandethunnathinayi pravartthikkunnu, thante ellah saambathika vibhavangalum theernnupokum. 1905 epril vare addeham kaiyezhuthuprathiyude aadya bhagam manassilakkiyilla. poornnamaayum vismrithiyil mungiya puraathanavum saankethikamaayi valare purogamichathumaaya nagaramaya illayile nivasiyaaya oru prathyeka seeyude jeevithathe eee bhagam vivarikkunnu. 1905 meyy 5 nuu doctor kinson thante vivarthanam cheytha kaiyezhuthuprathi washingtonile oru sahapravarthakan ayachu, pinneedu randaam bhaagatthinte vivarthanam report cheythu, athil ilayile thilakkamaarnna nagarikatha kandethiya ellah shaasthravum noothana ganitha soothravaakyangalum adangiyirikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, thaan bhraanthilaan mungunnathenn bodhyapetta kinsante bhrithyan kayyezhuthuprathiyum violet kallum theeyil eriyunnu. vichitramaaya kallu pottitherichu saan fraansiskoyude valiyoru bhagam nasippikkunnu. athesamayam, harward professoraaya doctor isambard fulante veettilaanu vivarthanam varunnath. ennirunnaalum, vivarthanam vaayikkunnathin munbu professor marikkunnu, athinaal oduvil vaayanakkaarkk athikkunnathinu munbu ithu newyorkkile oru pusthakashaalaykk vilkkunnu.
aadya bhagam-rakthayudham.
ilayude anthyam bhaavi thalamurakalodu vishadeekarikkukayenna lakshyathode illayude sainyathinte thalavanaaya seeyaanu kaiyezhuthuprathi rachichathu. grand supreme kaunsilinte oru yogathil ninnaan addehathinte katha aarambhikkunnath, eee samayat illayude nethaavu rair ayal nagaramaya noorinethire yuddham cheyyaanulla thante padhathiyekkurichu prekshakare ariyikkunnu. raktha yanthrangalude kandupiduthakkaranaaya rair ippol thante yanthrangalkk mrugangalkku pakaram nooriyan bhakshanam nalkaan aagrahikkunnu, ithu rogikalude aayurdairkhyam ganyamaayi vardhippikkum.
reyrinte padhathikalil veruppu thonniya zee veettilekku madangukayum thante makal silmi oru vadhasramathil ninnu rakshappettathayi kandethukayum cheiyunnu. aakramanathinu prerippicha raayarinte pravartthanangal avasaanippikkanamenn toopaahouvumaayi charcha cheytha sesham, avalude prathisrutha varan raayarinte kochumakanum shiyum tupahoovum nigamanam cheiyunnu.
reyarumaayi vittuveezhcha cheyyaruthennu theerumaanicha zee, athiraalikalaaya nagaratthinethiraaya aakramanathinu thayyaaredukkunnathinaayi vyomasenayude thalavanaaya fangaarumaayi cherunnu. ilayude jolikalil ettavum nandiyillaathe cheiyunna janithakamattam varuthiya vyakthikalaaya "kuranganmare" parakkunna shellukal paratthaan rair thiranjedutthathaayi addeham manassilakkunnu. addeham veettilekku madangumbol makal silmi kaanathaayi.
asahaneeyamaaya niravadhi manikkoor kaathirippinu sesham, ashradhayude peril arast cheyyaan vanna milishyayude thalavan gross siye sandarshikkunnu. vaasthavathil, noorinethiraaya aakramanathinte thayyaareduppinide, addeham thante aayudha parisodhana chumathalakal nirvahikkaathappol reyrinte rahasya police medaaviyaaya limm addehathe athbhuthappeduthi. avan oru cheria sellil thadavilaanu. athinusesham, addehathinu ellah samayabodhavum nashtappettappol, seeye fangar rahasyamaayi mochippikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, rund perum oru flying enchinil rakshappedumbol, yanthram pettennu parakkunnath nirtthi veezhaan thudangunnu.
fangaarinte kazhivukal kaaranam iruvarkkum kedupaadukalillathe erangaan kazhiyum. grossil ninnulla vivaramillathe thante 7 aazhchathe thadankal avasanikkaan kazhiyillennu arinja sesham, raayarinte svechaadhipathyathe ethirkkunna oru raajyadroha groupil zee veendum cherunnu.
raktha yanthrangalkk bhakshanam nalkaan uddeshicha mrugangale parppikkunna charadukalil maranjirikkunna seeyum fangar supreme kaunsil amgamaaya groze faugum cherunnu, avar electric upakaranangalude thala, ilg, shoonya kallu kondupoyi, avarodoppam. theevramaaya vinashakaramaaya sheshiyulla eee dhaatu moshanam nooriyanmaare ethrayum vegam keezhadakkuka enna uddeshyathode siyumayi sakhyamundaakkaan sramikkaan reyrine prerippikkunnu. thante makal silmi mochippikkaanum asannamaaya oru apakadatthil ninnu illaye samrakshikkanum, zee ilean sainyathinte adikaaram thirichupidikkaan sammathikkunnu.
pittennu, kuranganmaarude neethrthwathil noorilekk parakkunna shellukal ayachukondu zee akramanam aarambikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, nagaram nasippikkunnathinu thottumunbu houno rajaavu nagaram ozhippichathayi ilg munnariyipp nalki. prathikaaratthil, noorinte vyomasena illaye sameepikkunnu, pakshe athine neridaan zee parakkunna shellukal ayaykkunnu. norian akramanam paraajayappedunnathu kanda rogikalude aaveshathil ninnu labham nediya rair, bhaaviyile yudhathadavukaarude raktham nalkunnathiloode rogikalude aayurdairkhyam oru noottaand vare neettaan kazhiyunnathinayi thaan raktha yanthrangal mechappeduthiyathaayi parasyamaayi prakhyaapikkunnu. athinaal ayal nagarangalaya asloor, kisore ennividangalilekku samgharsham vyaapippikkanulla aagraham addeham prakhyaapikkunnu. illa santhoshathode urangunnundengilum, karachilum paribhraanthiyum udan thanne theruvukalil vyaapikkunnu.
nilathinadiyil ninnu athbhuthakaramaayi aakramich nooriyakkaar veedinullil shwaasammuttunna vaathakam paratthi. thante makalude thirodhaanathil ninnu vyathichalikkukayum oru karaa torpidoyil ninnu rakshappettathinusesham, nooriyanmaare kandethunnathinulla khanana pravartthanatthinte chumatala zee ettedukkukayum cheiyunnu.
valia pyramidinullil abhayam thedaan aagrahikkunna paribhrantharaaya rogikale abhimukeekarikkunna rair, paribhraanthiyum bheethiyum vardhippichukondu thante saha pouranmaare vadhikkan thante kuranganmare ayaykkunnu. svechaadhipathiye nirveeryamaakkaan zee edapedukayum pinneedu nagaratthinte adikaaram ettedukkukayum cheiyunnu. thante thalappathu nilakollunnathiloode, "radio active vibrationukal" upayogichu nooriyan vyomasena nasippikkaan addehathinu kazhiyum. ennirunnaalum, reyarinte kuranganmaral taamasiyaathe amithamaayi keezhadangukayum reyarine adikaaram veendedukkaan anuvadikkukayum cheythathinaal addehathinu eee vijayam aaswadikkaan kazhinjilla. raayarine vadhikkan sramichathinu seeye shikshikkukayum kurangukalkkoppam jolie cheyyaan khanikalil ayaykkukayum cheiyunnu.
randaam bhagam-khanikal.
seeye peedippikkukayum pinneedu loha khanikalil ayaykkukayum cheyyumbol, rair nooriyanmaarude poornnamaaya keezhadangal nedunnu, avar raktha yanthrangalkk bhakshanam nalkunnathinaayi yudhathadavukaare kaimaran nirbandhitharaakunnu.
thante puthiya thozhiljeevithathilekkum akramatthilekkum addeham svayam raaji vaykkumbozhum, zee ennayaalkku oahu enna kuranganumaayi sauhrudam sthaapikkaan kazhiyunnu. aouh avane adimakalude rahasya bhasha padippikkukayum athijeevanathinulla nurungukal nalkukayum cheiyunnu. sakhyakakshikal nalkikkond, avan rakshappedaan thayyaaredukkunnu. 3000 kuranganmare kalapam nadatthaan prerippikkukayum niravadhi nashtangalkku sesham khaniyude niyanthranam ettedukkunnathil vijayikkukayum cheiyunnu.
niyanthranam ettedutha sesham, kalaapakaarikalkk kinarukaliloode khaniyil ninnu purathupokaan kazhiyum. raktha yanthrangalude utharavaadithamulla milishyakkaarum enchineeyarmaarum ulppede vazhiyil oro manushyan koottakkolacheyyunna sheeyum oru dussen kuranganmarum maathramaan nagaratthinte uparithalathil athunnathu.
rakshappedumbol, zee limne neridukayum avane vadikkukayum cheiyunnu. chekkposttukal kadakkunnathinayi chaarante thirichariyal phalakavum ayudhavum addeham pidichedutthu. oru parisodhana nadathaamenna vyaajena, addeham oru vimaanathil oodippookukayum noorinte dishayilekku illa vittupokukayum cheiyunnu. thante parakkunna enchin irakkiya sesham, kaalnadayaayi oru vyakthiye pinthudarukayum avan avane akramikkukayum cheiyunnu. thanne eluppathil nirveeryamaakkukayum, eee norian mekhalayil olichirikkunnathilum olichirikkunnathilum vijayichathu thante suhruthu fangaaraanennu addeham kandethukayum, njettippokukayum cheiyunnu. silmy toopahuvum ippozhum jeevichirippundennum nooril olichirikkukayaanennum vedanayil, marikkunnathin thottumunbu fangar siyayod parayunnu.
takarnna oru nooril athumbol, zee thante aavasyangal niravettunnathinaayi moshtikkukayum kollukayum cheiyunnu. avan fangar soochippikkunna sthalathekku pookukayum rajyadrohiyaaya ilginu kuruke veezhukayum cheiyunnu, avan thante makalum avalude prathisrutha varan evideyaanennu avanodu velippeduthunnu. avarumaayi veendum onnichathinushesham, muthachan rayarumaayi avarude madakkayaathra charcha cheyyaan zee ellayilekku thoupahouye ayaykkunnu. eathaanum divasangalkku sesham, thante prathisrutha varan athiyappol vadhikkappettuvenn arinja silmi aathmahathya cheiyunnu. prathikaram cheyyaan theerumaanikkunna zee illayilekku madangunnu. kuranganmaarude kalaapathethudarnn takarnna oru nagaram addeham kandethunnu, raktha yanthrangalkk nannayi pravartthikkaan aavashyamaaya dhaatu verthirichedukkunnathu nirtthiya kalapam. seero-stoon spodanathinu kaaranamaayi illaye nasippikkaanulla thante uddeshyam prakhyaapikkunnathilum thante ezhuthu bhaavithalamuraykk nalkunnathilum zee thante kaiyezhuthuprathi avasaanippikkunnu.
1905 meyy 5 nuu doctor kinsante bhrithyan kaiyezhuthuprathiyum kallum (drishyaparamaayi poojyam kallinte oru sakalam) theeyil erinjappol saan francisco nagaram nashichuvennu vivarikkunna rachayithaavinte oru kurippil ninnaan ezhuthu avasaanikkunnath.
pradhana kathaapaathrangal.
rachayithaav engane kaiyezhuthuprathi kaivashappeduthiyennu vishadeekarikkukayenna lakshyathode oru neenda aamukhathiloodeyaanu katha avatharippikkunnath. naavikar kayyezhuthuprathi kandethiyennum thudarnnu thante jeevitam muzhuvan athinte vivarthanathinayi samarppikkunna doktaraaya professor kinsoninu vilkkukayaanennum addeham paranju. ezhuthu manassilakkaan kazhinjappol, 1906 leeii saan francisco bhookambathil kollappettathinal nirbhagyavashaal addehathinu eee kandethalil ninnu labham nedaan kazhinjilla.
novalile pradhana kathaapaathrathin zee ennaanu peru. kathayude aakhyaathaavaaya addeham illa enna purathana nagaratthile sainyathinte commander inn cheefaanu. thante pithruraajyathodulla vishwasthathayum athine nayikkunna aalodulla veruppum thammil addeham vibhajikkappettirikkunnu. vaasthavathil, sainika padavi undaayirunnittum, addeham svechaadhipathiyude adaarmika reethikale shakthamayi ethirkkukayum thante kalaapathil ninnu anthima holocoast allathe mattoru maargavum kandethukayum cheiyunnu. oru bahuroopa kathaapaathramaayi visheshippikkappedunna-avan sainyathinteyum raajyadrohiyudeyum adimayudeyum thalavanaakunnu-janapriya novalukalile naayakanmaarude savisheshathakal ullavanum thante vidhiyumayi svayam thirichariyunnathinu vaayanakkaarane anuvadikkunnavanumaanu. thante sainikajeevithathe marikadakkunna dheeranaaya oru vimathanaayi prathyakshappedunna addeham thante nagaratthinte dhaarmika thakarchaykkethiraaya avasana praakaaramaanu. thante makal silmy avalude prathisrutha varan thoupaahuvineyum (raayarinte kochumakan) samrakshikkaanulla thante ishtathinappuram, seeyum illayude neethaavinethire kalapam nadathunnu. milishyayude thalavanaaya gross, abadhathil kollappedunna addehathinte eaka yadhaartha suhruthaaya vyomasenayude thalavanaaya fangar ennivarulppede niravadhi sakhyakakshikal addehathodoppam chernnu. oduvil, karutha varggakkaarum kurangukalum thammilulla oru purathana kurishile adimakalude oru koottamaaya kuranganmarumaayi addeham sakhyamundaakkunnu; prathyekichum addeham kalaapathinidayil parisheelippikkunna thante adima koottaali oohinumaayi sakhyamundaakkunnu.
oru pyramidinte kodumudiyil thamasikkunna illayude nethaavaaya rair oru prathibha kandupiduthakkaranaanu. dhaarmmikathayillaatha oru krooranaaya svechaadhipathiyaaya addeham, thante raktha yanthrangalkk bhakshanam nalkunnathinaayi yudhathadavukaare nedunnathinum athuvazhi rogikalude ayuss vardhippikkunnathinam ayal nagaramaya noorinethire oru yuddham aarambikkunnu. sheeykkethire krooramaaya vidvesham prathinjja cheiyunna thante rahasya poleesinte thalavanaaya limm aanu addehathinte second-inn-command.
sailiyum saahitya prasthaanavum.
aakhyaana reethikal.
nashtappettupoya oru purathana naagarikathayude nilanilpp velippeduthunna eee noval oru flashbaakkinte roopathil vivarikkappedunnu. phalatthil, irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkam muthal aarambikkunna aamukham, illa nagaratthile nivasiyaaya zee ezhuthiya oru kaiyezhuthuprathi aakhyaathaavu engane kaivasham vachuvennu vivarikkumbol, novalinte inipparayunna bhagangal zee thanne ezhuthiya aadya vyakthiyude vivaranamaan. kazhinja varsham purathirangiya "avasaanathe kadalkkollakkaran" enna novalinushesham ithu randaam thavanayaanu jose moselli thante katha phastt pezhsanil ezhuthunnathu.
koodaathe, yadhaartha lokath avatharippikkunnathinaayi ezhuthukaaran thante kathaye sameepakaala sambhavavumayi bandhappeduthunnu. 1906-ll saan fraansiskoyude nasham oru bhookambathinte srishtiyaayirunnillenna addeham vishadeekarikkunnu, pakaram oru seero-stoon shakalathinte spodanam moolamaanu-munbu illayude naashatthinte uthbhavathil-ithu athe samayam kandethiyirunnu.
thudakkathil oru maasikayil parambara roopathil prasidheekaricha eee novalil 23 vyathyastha bhaagangalund. onniladhikam saahasikathakalum twisttukalum upayogichu susthiramaaya vegathayil oru katha nirmmikkuka mathramalla, vaayanakkaare aakarshikkunna cliff-hanger upayogichu oro bhaagavum avasanippikkukayum cheiyunnathinu jose moselli eee formet prayojanappeduthunnu. pothuve, seerees formaattinu oru prathyeka ezhuthu shaili aavasyamaanu. vaayanakkaarude pratheekshakalkk vidheyamaayi edittaril ninnulla pathiv editting abhyarthanakalodu athinte formet sensitiivu aanu. avasana adhyayangal enthukondaanu alasamaayi thonnunnathennu eee edittoriyal yaadhaarthyam vishadeekarikkum.
eee novalil moselli sakthamaaya veekshanam nalki. thante daarunamaaya kathayil, pradhana kathaapaathram thante currier thakarunnath kaanunnu; thaan svayam uyarnnukondirikkumbo, thante makalum oreyoru suhruthum marikkunnath kaanunnu, athil randaamathethu abadhathil aathmahathya cheythu. koodaathe, rachayithaav thante katha nirmmikkaan speshyaalitti upayogikkunnu. thante pyramidinte kodumudiyil thamasikkunna reyarine addeham ethirkkunnu, seeye upayogichu, kuranganmaarude adimakalkkoppam jolie cheiyunnathinaayi illayude bhoogarbhathilekku eriyunnu. vyakthiparamaaya duranthatthinappuram, noval muzhuvan zee, illa ennivaykku sambhavikkunna duranthangale moselli kootticherkkunnu, koodaathe nagaratthinte naashatthinte vividha gattangalulla kathaapaathram anubavikkunna pareekshanangalum mirror cheiyunnu.
dystopian prathekshakal, oru shaasthreeya atbhutha saahityam.
saahasika novalukalil vaidagdhyamulla oru parambara ezhuthukaaranaaya moselli 1925 ll eee noval shaasthreeya atbhutha vibhaagathil pedunnathaanennu ezhuthi. addehathinte anumana rachanakalude maastarpees aayi kanakkaakkappedunna 'illayude avasaanam' pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanam muthal fraansil vikasicha eee shaasthreeya atbhutha vibhaagathinte aavarthichulla vishayangal chithreekarikkunnu, nashtappetta lokangal, uttopiya, vinashakaramaaya yudhangal, kooduthal pothuve shaasthreeya kandethalukalude extrapolation thudangiya vishayangal. angane, eee prameyangaliloode, puraathanavum ennaal saankethikamaayi purogamichathumaaya oru nagaratthinte daarunamaaya vidhiyum samudrathaal athinte ulcherkalum vivarichukondu jose moselli atlaantisinte kettukatha aavarthichu.
pradhana ithivritham bhoothakaalathilaanu sthithicheyyunnathenkilum, noval pratheekshakalude rachanayayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. phalatthil, rachayithaav thante rachana munkaala bhaaviprakaaratthinte chattakkoodilaanu sthaapikkunnathu, athil uyarnna saankethika samoohathinte munkaala aprathyakshatha kandethunnu. athinaal, eee ilean samoohathinte vivaranam vaayanakkaarane athine saadhyamaaya bhaavikalilonnayi thirichariyaan anuvadikkunnu. 1920kalil nilaninnirunna uthkandakal saankethikavidyayude nirantharamaaya purogathiyum europian rashtreeya sahacharyavum ennivaye aashrayichaan katha. philipp karwal anusarichu, 1925-leeii noval, moonnaamathe raike prerippicha bheekarathakal irupathu varsham munbu munkootty pravachikkunnathinte nettam kaivarikkunnu. bhaviye munkootty kaanunnathile athinte vijayam athinte perukal thiranjedukkunnathilum kaanappedunnundennum vimarshakar choondikkaanikkunnu, kaaranam illa, reyrinte eakaadhipathi franch bhashayil hitlarinu samaanamaanenn thonnunnu, reyrinte rahasya police medhavi limm, himlerinte peru unarthunnu.
illayude avasaanam" ennathine pratheekshakalkk purame, oru uttopiyan novalaayum tharamthirikkaam, kaaranam dhaaraalam kandupiduthangal kaaranam anuyojyamaayi thonnunna oru samoohathe chithreekarikkaan rachayithaav shramikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, kathayude thudakkam muthal, rogikalaaya pouranmaar raktha yanthrangale maanasikamaayi aashrayikkunnathinekkurum athinaal athinte kandupiduthakkaranaaya svechaadhipathiyaaya rairinekkurichum vivarikkunna dystopian maanamaan munpanthiyil nilkkunnath. moselli sambandhichidatholam, munkaalangalil nadanna oru katha parayunnath nagaratthinte uttopiyan swabhaavathinu oonnal nalkaan addehathe anuvadikkunnu, prathyekichu purathana atlaantisumaayi samaantharamaayi sthaapikkunnu. athupole, ila oru vairudhya samoohamaanu, oru manushyante svechaadhipathyathodu nuna parayunna pouranmaarude virasathaykkoppam saankethika vaidagdhyavum ulkkollunna, ubhaykakshi sakthikalaal cross cheyyappettathaanu.
vishayangal.
saankethikamaayi valare purogamicha oru nagarikatha.
illayude avasaanam" ennathil, jose moselli puraathanavum valare shaasthreeyamaayi purogamichathumaaya oru naagarikathaye vivarikkunnu, athinte saankethikavidya innu poornnamaayum aprathyakshamaayi. mahathaayathum bhaaviyumulla oru nagarathekkurichulla vivaranathiloode, oru yadhaartha metropolis, nivaasikalkk valia aashvaasam nalkunna onniladhikam saankethika kandupidithangal rachayithaav shekharikkunnu.
eee lokathile kandupiduthangalil ettavum pratheekaathmakamaayath illayile pouranmaarude bhakshanavumayi bandhappettirikkunnu. ellah kharabhakshanangalum ozhivakkiya sesham, "raktha yanthrangal" srishtikkunna thiramaalakal pouranmaarkku nerittu bhakshanam nalkunnu. eee upakaranangal pannikaludeyum kurangukaludeyum raktham upayogikkunnu, athu nagaratthiludaneelam vyaapichukidakkunna oru oorjjamaayi maarunnu. enthinadhikam, eee kandupiduthathinte mechappeduthalaanu illayum athinte ayalkkaranaaya noorum thammilulla yudhathilekku nayikkunnath. ilean nethaavum raktha yanthrangalude kandupiduthakkaaranumaaya rair eee yanthrangale poornnamaakkaan kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. ippol manushyarakthavumayi pravartthikkunna eee puthiya pathippukal kooduthal kaaryakshamamaanennu mathramalla, sharashari manushyante ayuss oru noottaand vare neettaan kazhiyum. athinaal, manushyajeevan nedunnathinaanu illa noor nagaratthinethire yuddham prakhyaapikkunnath.
aadhipathyathe ethirkkunna ayalrajyamaaya noorinekkaal cheruthaanenkilum 17 kilometer vyaasavum 700 meter uyaravumulla oru valia megapoliyanu illa. uparithalathinu keezhil sthithi cheiyunna vaasasthalangal nagaratthinte prakasham urappakkaan sooryaprakaasham pidichedukkunna oru valia terrous kondu moodappettirikkunnu. eee terresinte madhyathil sarkkaarinte aasthaanamaaya oru pyramid nilakollunnu. nivaasikalude gathagatham sugamamaakkunnathin, vaasasthalangalude nilakal kaanthikaprakasham srishtikkunnu, ithu patthilonnu bharam adichamarthunnu.
oduvil, ilean sainika shakti athinte saankethikavidyayil thulyamaayi aasrayikkunnu. parakkunna shellukalude kappalukalkk purame-valare bharam kuranja lohangal (lohathinu thulyamaaya mikavu) adangiyathum ettu bombukal vare ulkkollaan kazhiyunnathumaaya vimanangal-oru aattam bombinte vinashakaramaaya spotaka shakthiyulla seero-stoon shaasthrathil nagaram praaveenyam nediyittundu.
ellah dhaarmikaparidhikalum marikadakkunna oru samooham.
ilean nagarikatha shaasthreeyamaayi svayam poortheekarichappol, athu dhaarmmikamaayi adhapathichu. vyakthiye nishedhikkumbol kroorathayaayi maarunna shaasthreeya purogathiye moselli eee novaliloode apalapikkunnu. raayarinte bharanathil, vyakthikk inii praadhaanyamilla; virasamaya oru aashvaasam aaswadikkunna addeham inii samsthaanathinte oru amophus sellallathe matonnumalla. manushyamoolyathe illaathaakkunnathil, kuttavaalikale apalapikkunnath avarude aayudangal aasidil layikkunna kaazhchayude nimishangalayi maarunnu; rashtreeya athiraalikal mrugangalude rankilekku churungunnu. koodaathe eee dhaarmika thakarchayaanu nagaratthinte pathanatthinte uthbhavam. vyakthiparamaaya abhilaashathinu mathramulla sevanathil aathyanthikamayi svayam vinaashakaramaanennu theliyikkunna eee shaasthreeya adhaarmikathaye moselli velicham veeshunnu.
illayude muzhuvan saamoohika ghadanayum eugenic sanbradaayangalil adhishtithamaanu, prathyekichu adimakalude upayogathinu nandi. abhikaamyamallaatha ellah jolikalum kadinaadhvaanavum janithakamattam varuthiya oru janasamkhyaykku, vidagdhar oru aadima ghattathilekku thirichupokaan shramicha karutha janasamkhyayude pingamikalaaya kuranganmaarkk vittukodukkunnu
koodaathe, raktha yanthrangalude upayogam, thangalude sukhasoukaryangal mechappeduthunnathinte peril illayile pouranmaarkku cheyyaan kazhiyunna adhaarmikathaye chithreekarikkunnu. eee vampirism thudakkathil mrugangalude (panniyudeyum kuranganteyum) raktham poshaka pravahamaakki maattunnathine aashrayichaanenkilum, rogikal avarude ayuss vardhippikkunnathinu manushya rakthathinte upayogam sweekarikkunnu. ayalrajyamaaya noorinethiraaya yuddham irakalaaya manushyare nalkendathinte aavashyakathayude anantharafalamaanu. thante lakshyangal nedunnathinaayi koottakkolayudeyum naashatthinteyum akramasakthamaaya rangangaliloode thante janasamkhyayude oru bhaagatthinte thyagam sweekarikkunnathinaal moselli yadhaartha raktharookshithamaaya oru sakthiye reyaril vivarikkunnu. kathayude aakhyaathaavaaya seeyude kalapam illayude eee anashwaramaaya apakeerthippeduthalinulla ethirppine ulkkollunnu. sainyathinte thalavanaaya sainikan ippozhum thante shathrukkalude rakthathil virunnedukkunna dhaarmika paridhi marikadakkaan visammathikkunnu.
illayile nivaasikalude eee dhaarmika thakarcha moselliyude drishtiyil manushyaraashiyude krooramaaya swabhaavathe chithreekarikkunnu. manushyan, avante bhoomishaasthraparamaaya uthbhavamo kaalaghattamo enthuthanneyaayaalum, oru vyavasaya samoohathilo aadima samoohathilo jeevichaalum, thante sukham mechappeduthunnathinaayi thante sahajeevi thyajikkaan poornnamaayum thayyaaraan. manushyante eee maattamillaatha swabhaavam shaasthreeyamaaya purogathi kondu theerchayaayum oru tharatthilum shariyaakkappedunnilla. neremarichu, adhikaarathaal dhaarmmikamaayi vikruthanaaya oru shaasthranjanaaya rair, thante paramonnatha adhikaarathinte prayogatthe shakthippeduthaan shaasthram upayogikkunnu.
eakaadhipathyathinte vithukal.
illayile yadhaartha eakaadhipathya rashtreeya samvidaanathe moselli chithreekarikkunnu. saankethika vikasanathinmelulla thante samboornna niyanthranathaal thanne reyrinu janakkoottathinmellu thante adikaaram urappikkaan kazhiyunnu. saahitya tropukalile parinaamatthinte pashchaathalatthilaanu janapriya novalile adikaaravum shaasthravum thammilulla sakhyathe prathinideekarikkaanulla moselliyude aagraham nadannathu. pathonpathaam noottaandil, promethiyasinte kettukatha bhranthanaaya shaasthranjante roopathil avatharam eduthu; irupathaam noottaandil thudangi, bhranthanaaya shaasthranjanu pakaram svechaadhipathiyude athe aashankayulla vyakthiye niyamichu.
aneethiyum svechaadhipathyavum niranja svechaadhipathiyaaya raayarinte swabhaavam thante adhikaarathinte sevanathil shaasthranjare ulppeduthunnathil vijayikkunnu. nagaratthile gavanment roopeekarikkunna illa kaunsil amgangal shaasthrathinte manahsakshiparamaaya upayogathinte urappu nalkendavaraayirunnirikkanam, pakshe reyrinte vaagdaanangalaal avar orupole vikrutharaakunnu. vaasthavathil, rakthayanthrangalude srishtiyum mechappeduthalum addehathinte svechaadhipathya bharanathil adikaaram ekeekarikkunnathinulla ettavum sakthamaaya upakaranamaan. kuranganmaareppole kharabhakshanam kondu svayam poshippikkaan kazhiyaathathinal, aalukal poornnamaayum eee kandupiduthathe aasrayikkunnu. athinaal, eee aashrithathvam moolam avar reyarinte vinashakaramaaya padhathikale pinthunaykkunnu.
noorinethire akramanam nadathaanulla reyrinte padhathikal velippeduthuka mathramalla, nooriyan sarkkaarilekku seero stoon enna oru bhagam konduvarikayum cheytha ilginte rajyadrohathinushesham, illayile eakaadhipathi thante ayalkkaaranethire oru prathirodha yudhathil earppedaan theerumaanikkunnu. athinte paraajayathetthudarnnu, thante adikaaram shakthippeduthunnathinaayi illayude janataye baliyarppikkaan addeham madikkilla. nooriyan sainyathinte aakramanavum rair paribhraanthiyum koottakola anubhavicha ilayile pouranmaar, vaathakam akramicha avarude bhoogarbha veedukalil ninnu palayanam cheyth sarkkaarinte aasthaanamaaya pyramidil abhayam thedi. eee maanasikaavasthayil, adikaaram nashtappedunnathinekkaal nagaratthinte naashathe thwarithappeduthaanaanu addeham aagrahikkunnath. oduvil, seeyude edapedaliloode nooriyan senaye keezhadakki, rair thante avasana athiraalikale illaathaakkukayum thante bheekarathayude bharanam sthaapikkukayum cheiyunnu.
prasidheekarana charithravum paarambaryavum.
moselliyude pradhana kruthikalil onnaayi kanakkaakkappedunna "dhii end oof illa" 1925 januvari 29-leeii "sciences aandu voyejas" maasikayude 283-aamm pathippil aadyamaayi prathyakshappedunnu. andrey gaalandil ninnulla chithreekaranangalaal alankaricha eee noval 23 bhagangalaayi prasidheekarikkappettu, 1925 juulai 9-leeii pathipp 306 vare.
1962-ll jackwus bergierinteyum francis kaarasinteyum swaadheenathil, bhavana saahithyathil prathyekathayulla "fiction" maasikayude 98,99 pathippukalil eee noval rund bhagangalaayi prasidheekarichu. 1970kalude thudakkathil eee noval rund thavana veendum prasidheekarichu. aadyathethu 1970 ll edition renconder "maastarpees oof sayans fiction" enna shekharathil puthiya "dhii messenture phram dhii plaanat", "dhii sitti oof dhii chasm" ennivaykkoppam prasidheekarichu. 1972ll marbout publishing house "marbout library-sayans fiction" enna samahaarathil ithu veendum prasidheekarichu.
"1990kalude madhyathil 'dhii end oof illa' veendum rund thavana prasidheekarichu. grama prasadhakan eee kruthi edittu cheyyukayum denis dii raddarude chithreekaranangal cherkkukayum 1994-ll avarude shekharamaaya "bhaaviyude bhoothakaalam" ennathil prasidheekarikkukayum cheythappol adutha varsham oomnibas prasadhakan moselliyude novaline "atlaanteesus, enveloped ailands" enna samahaarathil atlaantis prameyavumaayi bandhapetta niravadhi rachanakalkoppam ulppeduthi.
1994ll grama prasadhakan eee kruthi veendum prasidheekarikkunna samayat ezhuthiya oru postscriptil, sayans fiction upanyasakanaaya jackwus vaan herp vaadikkunnathu eee noval franch sayans fictionte thaalkkaalika thakarchayude uthbhavamaanenn, athu yuvaakkale vikruthamaakkiyennu samshayikkunnu. eee sidhaantham ethirkkappedukayo kuranjathu munkaruthalode edukkukayo cheythittundenkilum, 1930 muthal aarambhicha shaasthreeya bhaavanayude kathakal, prathyekichu rachayithaakkalude svayam sensorship parisheelanatthiloode, kramena aprathyakshamaakunnathin ithu saakshyappeduthunnu.
eee vibhaagathil eee swaadheenam undakaan saadyathayullathinaal, reyarinteyum aakramanathmaka yudhathinteyum kathayiloode hitlarude pravartthanangal pratheekshicha oru praavachanika kruthiyaayi eee noval innu prathyakshappedunnu, 15 varshathinusesham hitlarude blitscreeg thanthrangal.
irupathaam noottaandinte randaam pakuthiyil fraansil pathiv republicationukal undaayirunnittum, athe kaalayalavil noval videshathekku kayattumathi cheythilla. 2011ll maathramaan eee kruthi bryan stableford engleeshilekku vivarthanam cheyyukayum black kottu pras prasidheekarikkukayum cheythath.