
122 emm thokku emm1931 (eiii-19)

1920kalude avasaanathilum 1930kalude thudakkathilum vikasippichedutha oru soviyatt feeld gann aayirunnu 122 emm corps gann emm1931 (eiii-19) (). 1939-ll thokkinu pakaram mechappetta vakabhedamaaya emm 1931/37 nirmikkappettu. randaam lokamahaayudhathil eee thokku chuvanna sainyavumayi chernnu pravarthichu. pidicheduttha thokkukal vermact finnish sainyavum upayogichirunnu.
vikasana charithram.
1920kalude avasaanam muthal redu armi thangalude aadya lokamahaayudhakaalathe peerankikal naveekarikkaan shramichu. 1927 januvariyil pradhana peeranki dayaraktarettu (graa) corps peerankikalkkaayi 122 emm thokkinte vikasanam aarambhichu. vikasanam thudakkathil graa design beuro (eph. eph. vaaypa nalkunnayal 1927 septambaril marikkunnathuvare), 1929 juun muthal-graa designermaarude sahaayathode ool-union oordanans trasttinte design beuroyilekku.
1929 juun 17nuu motovilikha plaantukalil ninnu saankethika documentationodoppam oru prototype oordar cheythu. 1931 octoberil aarambhicha pareekshanangalkk vidheyamaaya ithu rund baaralukalulla vyathyastha nirmmaanangalodeyaanu, randum mookk break gadippichirikkunnu. 1932 meyy maasathil thokku "nambar 38 plaant" mechappeduthunnathinaayi ayaykkukayum athinu aaa plaantinte "eiii-19" enna padavi labikkukayum cheythu. 1933ll staalingraadile barikadi plaantil ninnu moonnu prototypeukal koodi oordar cheyyukayum 1935 maarchil poortthiyaakkukayum cheythu. thokku 1935 novemberil veendum pareekshanangalil ethi. pareekshanangal vijayakaramaayi poortthiyaakkiya sesham, 1936 march 13nuu 122 emm corps gann emm 1931 (eiii-19) aayi aarr. keey. keey. sweekarichu.
ulppaadana charithram.
emm1931 1935 muthal 1939 vare uthppaadanathilaayirunnu. 1937 vare ithu kramena mechappettu, athinaal, avasaanathe uthppaadanam aadyakaala uthppaadanangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaan. 1939-ll, thokkinu pakaram emm 1931/37 enna mechappetta vakabhedam nirmikkappettu, ithu emm1931-nte baaraline 152 emm hovitsar-gann emm1937 (eml-20)-nte vaahanavumayi samyojippichu. nirmmicha kashanangalude krithyamaaya ennam ariyilla; kanakkukal 450-500 kashanangalanu.
vivaranam.
onnaam lokamahaayudhakaalathe thokkukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, emm1931 nuu oru splitt trial kyarej undaayirunnu, ithu kooduthal vishalamaaya traavezhs angle anuvadikkunnu. leaf spring suspension soolid rubber tayarukalulla patthu spoke mettal veelukalum vaahanathil gadippichirunnu. chila vaikiyulla ulppaadana kashanangalil numatic tayarukalulla emm. ell-20 tharam chakrangal undaayirunnu. spring type ekvilibrettarum vandiyil undaayirunnu. thokku kavacham cheria aayudangalil ninnum shell shakalangalil ninnum kroovinu kurachu samrakshanam nalki.
liner, jacket, scrude-oonn breach enniva adangiyathaayirunnu barrell. aadyakaala ulppaadana baaralukalkk oru nirmmitha nirmmaanamundaayirunnu, ennaal 1936 ll ivaykku pakaram ayanja liner baaralukal uthppaadippichu. 152 emm hovitsar emm 1910/37 enna nirmmaanathinu samanamaaya thadassappetta scru tharatthilaayirunnu breach block. aadyakaala prototypeukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, ulppaadana baaralukalkk mookk break undaayirunnilla. baralinu thaazheyulla thottilinullil sthithi cheiyunna hydrolic recoyil buffer hydro-numatic recuperaterum ulppedunnathaanu recoyil samvidaanam.
152 emm millie-15 enna pareekshanathmaka yanthrathinte avayavamaan upayogichathu.
thudakkathil oru prathyeka gathagatham (vandiyil ninnu barrell neekkam cheyth oru prathyeka vaaganil kondupookunna) pariganichirunnu. ennirunnaalum, pareekshanangalethudarnnu ellaayppozhum thokku orotta kashanamaayi valikkaan theerumaanichu. ezz-2 stalinettukal-2, koominttarn, 1943 muthal yaa-12 enningane niravadhi tharam peeranki tractorukal upayogichu.
samghadanayum thozhilum.
emm1931, emm 1931/37 ennee rund vakabhedangalkkum sainika samghadanakalil ore sthaanamundaayirunnu, palappozhum avaa parasparam upayogichirunnu, yuddha reportukal avaa thammil apoorvvamaayi maathrame verthirikkunnulloo; thalphalamaayi, eee vibhaagathile daatta emm1931, emm 1931/37 ennivaykkaanu, mattuvidhathil vyakthamaakkiyittillengil.
chuvanna sainyam.
eiii-19 yadhaarthathil corps peerankikalkkaayi uddeshichullathaayirunnu. emm. ell.-20-maayi chernnu ithu "corps duplexes" ennu vilikkappedunna oru roopeekaranam nadatthi. 1940-41 ll moonnu tharam corps peeranki rejimentukal undaayirunnu
mahathaaya desasneha yuddham pottippurappettathin thottupinnaale corps peerankikal illaathaakkukayum (raifil corps thanne illaathaakkappettathinaal) yudhathinte avasaanathode maathrame veendum avatharippikkukayulloo. aaa puthiya peeranki rejimentukalkku 122 emm thokkukalum mattu thokkukalum, pradhaanamaayum 107 emm thokkukalum 152 emm hovitsarukalum, oru rejimentinu motham 16-20 thokkukalum nalki. 1944 juun 1 nuu aarr. keey. corps peerankikalkku 387 eiii-19 (ekadesham 750 107 emm, 152 emm kashanangalkoppam), 1945 meyy 1-289 eiii-19 (veendum 750 100 emm, 107 emm, 152 emm kashanangalkoppam) undaayirunnu.
pradhana kamaandinte (aarvijike) reservinte peeranki yoonittukalum thokku upayogichirunnu. 1941 madhyathil aarvijikeyude oru peeranki rejimentinu 48 eiii-19 undaayirunnu; 1941 sharathkaalath eee rejimentukal punasamghadippikkappettu, puthiyathum cheruthumaaya oru rejimentil 18 eiii-19 undaayirunnu. 1942 muthal 36 eiii-19 veetham peeranki brigedukal avatharippichu. atharam brigade oru peeranki vibhaagathinte bhagamaakaam-eiii-19 allengil emm. ell-20 (144 kashanagal vare) ulla naalu brigedukal vare ulla oru valia roopeekaranam.
eiii-19-nte aadya poratta upayogam khaalkhin goal yudhathilaayirunnu. shaityakaala yudhathilum ithu poraattam kandu. 1940 march 1nuu munnirayil 130 eiii-19 thokkukalundaayirunnu. moonnu kashanagal nashtappettu.
1941 joonode vividha srothassukal anusarichu rakka 1257 (sainyathil 1236 umm navikasenayil 21 umm) allengil 1300 eiii-19 kall kaivashappedutthi. mahathaaya desasneha yudhathiludaneelam thokku upayogichu.
shatru udyogastharkkethiraaya parokshamaaya vedivayppinum kottakalkkum pinbhaagathulla pradhana vasthukkalkkum vendiyaanu eiii-19 praadhamikamaayi upayogichirunnathu. kavachitha lakshyangalkethire nerittu vedivaykkunnathinaayi kavacham thulaykkunna shellukalum ithil sajjeekarichirunnu. valia valipavum mandagathiyilulla yathrayum thaarathamyena mandagathiyilulla vedivayppum kaaranam anuyojyamaaya aanti-tank thokkallengilum, 1943 ll puthiya jarmman taankukalkkethire phalapradamaaya kurachu thokkukalil onnaayirunnu eiii-19.
mattu oopparettarmaar.
mahathaaya desasneha yudhathinte prarambha ghattathil 19-kalile noorukanakkinu aalukal vermaachinte kaikalilekku veenu. rund vakabhedangalum sweekarichu-m1931 12,2 centimeter k.390/1 (r) ennum m 1931/37 12,2 centimeter k.390/2 (r) ennum. jarmmankaar ithil motham 424 thokkukal feeldilum theeradesha peerankikalilum upayogikkukayum avarkkayi vedikkoppukal nirmmikkukayum cheythu.
1941ll finnish sainyam 25 kashanagal pidichedukkukayum avaye sevanathilekku amarthukayum cheythu. rund vakabhedangalkkum 122 keey/31 enna athe padavi baadhakamaayirunnu. kanatha tractorukalude kuravu kaaranam thokku kooduthalum theeradesha peerankikalilaanu upayogichirunnathu. naalu kashanagal nashtappettu; bakkiyullava yudhaanantharam sevanathil thudarnnu. 1980kalil chila kashanangalkk pakaram 152 emm barrell emm. ell.-20 upayogichu; thathfalamaayundaaya kashanangalkk 152 echu. aii. dii. 2 ennu namakaranam cheythu. 1980kalude avasaanathil 152 echu. aii. dii. 2. bakkiyulla 122 keey. 31nuu vammakal nirmmicha 152 emm. emm. ell./32 barrell labhichu, ithu 152 echu. aii. dii. 1 aayi. 2007ll maathramaan finnish sainyam eee thokkukal sevanathil ninnu neekkam cheyyaan thudangiyathu.
vakabhedangal.
mukalil soochippichathupole, emm1931-kalude vaikiyulla uthppaadanam aadyakaala uthppaadanangalil ninnu vyathyasthamaayirunnu. 1936 muthal nirmmicha thokkukalkku munkaala biltt-upp baaralukalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi soujanya liner barrell nirmmaanamundaayirunnu; 1937 ll breach block nirmmaanatthil mattangal avatharippichu, chila vaikiyulla ulppaadana kashanangalkk numatic tayarukalulla emm. ell-20 tharam chakrangal labhichu.
koodaathe, emm1931 nuu niravadhi pareekshanathmaka vakabhedangal undaayirunnu.
1933ll mechappetta oof-rooad mobilitiyulla oru vandiyude vikasanam aarambhichu. tracukalilum valia tractor tharam chakrangalilum rund vakabhedangalilulla vandi 1937-ll pareekshanangalil ethi, athu vendathra modiyullathallennu kandethi.
1933-36 ll thokku munkootty refle cheytha projectylukal upayogichulla pareekshanangalil earppettirunnu. eee pareekshanangalkkayi baaralinte oru prathyeka vakabhedam nirmikkappettu. kooduthal sankeernamaaya loading prakriya kuranja krithyathayum aayathinal aaa projectylukalude antharleenamaaya aparyapthathakal kaaranam pareekshanangal nirtthi.
bagg loadingulla mattoru vakabhedamaaya bii. aarr-3 1937ll pareekshanangalil athiyengilum athu sweekarikkapettilla.
eathaandu parishkkarikkappedaathu emm1931-nte vandi 152 emm thokku emm 1910/34-naayi upayogichirunnu.
ithinakam soochippichathupole, finlandile eiii-19-nte vandikalil 152 emm baaralukal gadippichirunnu, athinte falamaayi rund modalukal
sangraham.
splitt trial kyarej avatharippikkunna aadyathe soviyatt peeranki kashanangalilonnanu emm 1931. munbathe single trial allengil boxes trial vandikale apekshichu eee vandiyude nirmmaanam valare mikacha traavezhs konukal anuvadichu. nalla uyara konum vyathyastha propellant chaarjukal upayogikkaanulla kazhivum thokkine vazhakkamulla paroksha agni aayudhamaakki, athinte baalistiks shatru kavachathinethire nerittulla vedivayppil upayogapradamaakkunnathin mathiyaya shakthamaayirunnu (ennirunnaalum, mukalil soochippichathupole, athinte valippam, sanjarikkunna vegatha, theeyude nirakk enniva kaaranam ithu anuyojyamaaya aanti-tank thokkaayirunnilla).
emm1931-nte vaahanathin niravadhi poraaymakalundaayirunnu. uyaram vaykkunna samvidaanam mandagathiyilullathum vishwasaneeyamallaathathumaayinu; soolid-ksheenicha chakrangal oru paridhivare chalanathe thadassappeduthi; vandi ulppaadanathil saankethika prasnangal undaayirunnu. eee poraaymakal oduvil oru mikacha vandi sweekarikkunnathilekku nayichu, ithu m 1931/37 srishtikkunnu.
randaam lokamahaayudhakaalathe paashchaathya feeld peerankikalkku 122 millimeterinu samanamaaya kaalibarukal saadhaaranamallathathinaal, emm 1931-maayi nerittu thaarathamyappeduthaavunna kashanagal apoorvamaayirunnu.
jarmman 10.5 centimeter ska 18 ekadesham ore shreniyil (19 kilometer) ullappol ganyamaayi bharam kuranjathaayirunnu (5.64 tonn), pakshe valare cheria 15 kilogram shell vedivachu; maruvashathu, 15 centimeter keey 18 bhaarameriyathaayirunnu (poratta bharam 12.46 tii), parimithamaaya uthppaadanam (101 kashanagal) aayudhamaayirunnu, soviyattumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol 152 emm br-2. yudhathinte avasaanathil jarmmankaar 128 emm feeld thokkukalil pravarthichu; eee designukalilonnaaya 12.8 centimeter keey 81/2, pidicha 152 emm emm. ell-20 nte valareyadhikam parishkaricha vaahanathe adisthaanamaakki 8.2 tonn yudhabhaaramulla oru thokkaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, athinte savisheshathakalekkurichu valarekkurache ariyoo. eee 128 emm designukalonnum vanthothilulla ulpaadanathilethiyilla.
britiish sainyavum yuu.ezz. sainyam randum samana swabhaavasavisheshathakalulla 4,5 inch (114 millimeter) kashanagal upayogichu, ore vedikkoppukal upayogikkunnathinu roopakalppana cheythirikkunnu-yathaakramam 4,5 inch meediyam feeld gann, 4,5 inch gann emm 1. 5.65-ton m1 paramavadhi 19.3 kilometer doorathekku 24.9 kilogram bharamullah oru shell vedivachu; ennirunnaalum thokkinu labhyamaya oreyoru tharam vedicope oru heey-fragg shell aayirunnu, athil ekadesham rund kilogram sphodakavasthukkal maathrame undaayirunnulloo.
vedikkoppukal.
thokku prathyeka loading, cased charge vedikkoppukal, saadhyamaaya naalu propellant chaarjukalil onnu-phul, illa. 1, illa. 2 umm illa. 3 (ettavum cheruth). 122 emm thokku shellukalkk purame, eiii-19 nuu 122 emm hovitsar shellukal prayogikkaan kazhiyum; ennirunnaalum aaa shellukalude deerghaayussu kuravaayathinaal avaa poornna chaarjil upayogikkaan kazhinjilla; steeli irumbu hovitsar shellukal oo-460eiii, oo-462eiii ennivayude upayogam nirodhichu.
athijeevicha kashanagal.
emm1931 kaanaan kazhiyum