
aalukalude

alchu allengil alchi ennum ariyappedunna alchu janatha (улч, kaalaharanapetta olchi; alchu улч, naani) russian vidoora kizhakk bhaagathulla oru thaddesheeya janathayaan, avar alchu ennariyappedunna oru tungussic bhasha samsaarikkunnu. russiayile khabarovsk kraayiyile ulchsky jillayilaan 90 sathamaanathiladhikam ulchikalum thaamasikkunnath. 2002leeii sensus prakaram, russiayil 2,913 alchukalaanu thaamasikkunnath-1989leeii sensus prakaram 3,173 aayirunnathil ninnu kuranju, ennaal 1979leeii sensus prakaram 2,494 umm 1970leeii sensus prakaram 2,410 umm aayirunnu. 2010leeii sensus prakaram russiayil 2,765 alchukalundu.
charithram.
vadakkukizhakkan eshyayile theeradesha paleolithic janasamkhyayil ninnulla alchu janatha ekadesham 8000 varshangalkk munbu eee pradeshathu kandethiya purathana saambilukalumaayi valare saamyamullathayi kandethi.
alchu janataye palappozhum purathana paleosyberian janathayil onnaayi tharamthirickunnu, ennirunnaalum ithu oru vamseeya-bhasha groupella, marichu valia vadakkukizhakkan eshyan janasamkhyayil (turkey, mangolik, tungussic janasamkhya polullava) ulppedaatha cyberiayile vividha vamseeya grouppukalkku baadhakamaaya oru padamaanu. avarude bhasha tungussic bhashakalil pedunnathinaal mattullavar avare tungussic janathayil oralaayi tharamthirikkunnu.
jeevitashaili.
ulchiyekkurichu aadyamaayi paraamarshikkappedunnathu rashyakkaaril ninnaan, athu pathinezhaam noottaandilethaanu.
rando ancho veedukalulla cheria gramangalil ulchikal udaaseenamaaya jeevithashailiyaan nayichathu. gramangalil shaityakaala, venalkkaala vaasasthalangal undaayirunnu. thoonukalum maracheethukalum kondu nirmmicha oru thara chattakkoodaayirunnu purathana shaityakaala vaasasthalamaaya "hagdu", melkkoorayillaatha gable melkkoora munn allengil kaliman tharayum. rund canoway aduppukal kondu veedu choodaakki. kadutha thanuppil, kathunna kalkkariyulla moonnu kaalukalil valia loha braasiyarukalum alchu upayogichu. alchu shaityakaala vaasasthalathinte oru savisheshatha oru "dogg table" allengil yuichyoo-sled naaykkalkku bhakshanam nalkunna oru thaazhnna plaattphominte saannidyamaanu. venalkkaala bhavanangal rund tharatthilaayirunnu-chaaramulla melkkoorakalulla thoonukal kondu nirmmicha chathushkonangal, puramtholi (daura) kondu moodappettirikkunnu, pail letnikki (genga). malsyabandhana samayat ulchikal cheria silindar aakruthiyilulla homiran kudilukal nirmmichu.
avarude parambaraagatha saambathika samuchayathinte pradhana shaakhayaanu malsyabandhanam. avarude ettavum pradhanappetta bhakshana srothass anadromous saalman aayirunnu. avarude mathsyabandhanathinte aavasyangal pradhaanamaayum nirnnayichirunnathu amoorinte pradhana chaanalinte valath theerathu, saalman avarude muttayidunna sthalathekku madangunna pradhana pathakalil ulchiyude vaasasthalamaanu. parambaraagatha malsyabandhana upakaranagalil gear nettukal, raidukal, hook tackle, vividha tharatthilulla stokkukal thudangiyava ulppedunnu. season, kaalavastha, nadiyile jalanirapp, malsyabandhana vasthukkal, mattu niravadhi savisheshathakal enniva anusarichu avaa oronnum upayogichu. dainamdina upabhogathinum sambharanathinumayi malsyam pidichirunnu. malsyathe samrakshikkunnathinulla pradhana reethi eucola-kaattil unakkiya malsyavum nerttha neelamulla plettukalude roopathil sooryaprakaashavum undaakkuka ennathaayirunnu.
vyaapaarikalkkidayil romangalkk valia demandundaayirunnathil vettayaadal dvitheeya praadhaanyamullathaayirunnu, kooduthalum roma mrugangal. cyberian muyal, annaan, ottakangal, kurukkan, ettavum pradhanamaayi, seble ennivayeyaanu avar kooduthalum vettayaadi.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil, amooril sebel ithinakam apoorvamaayirunnu, athinaal avar sakhaalin, aamgan, tumnin, taattar kadalidukkinte theeram, hokkaido ennividangalilekku neenda paryaveshanangal nadatthi. kombukal (elkku, maan) crossbo upayogichu varsham muzhuvanum vettayaadappettu. kadal mrugangale vettayaadunnathum avarude saambathika jeevithathil oru pradhana punk vahikkukayum avaa mudrakaleyum kadal simhangaleyum pidikoodukayum cheythu.
vasthrangal.
purushanmarkkum sthreekalkkumulla venalkkaala vasthrangal kimono-muricha thuni captcham vasthrangalaayirunnu, idathu arayil valathuvashath urappichirunnu. purushanmaarude vasthrangalile aabharanangal apoorvamaayirunnu. shaityakaala vasthrangal insulated (parutthi kambiliyil mezhukuthiri) aayirunnu. shaithyakaalath, romangal dharichirunna kottukalum oru anki pole murichu mukalil parutthiyo pattunool thuniyo kondu pothinjirunnu. velutha naaya kaamasukal kondu nirmmicha toppum mukhathu kurukkan trim ulla oru hood poleyaayirunnu vintar thoppikal. kadinamaaya manju samayat, oru pishaachinte romangal atharamoru thoppikkadiyil dharichirunnu. venalkkaalath avar birch bark thoppikal upayogichirunnu. malsyam, maan, elkku thukal (rovduga), seal, kadal simha thukal enniva upayogichaanu shoos nirmmichathu.
kshouram cheytha aalukal" enna padam naanaay janataye vivarikkan alchu aalukal upayogichirunnu.
janithakashasthram.
sukernik "thudangiyavar parayunnathanusarichu."(2012), innathe ulchi janasamkhyayude mitocondrial dna pradhaanamaayum haplogroup vaii1eiii (69/160 = 43.1%) yill pedunnu, ithu nivkkukal, koriyakkukal, evens, mangolians ennivayumaayi pankidunnu, koodaathe ekadesham 6,000 (95% sii 3,300 <-8,800) varshangalkk munbu poornnamaaya genomukalude adisthaanathil allengil ekadesham 1,800 (95% sii 800 <-2,900) varshangalkk munbu samana padavikalude adisthaanathil nilavilulla ettavum puthiya pothu poorvvikarkku samayam undennu kanakkaakkappedunnu. innathe ulchiyile janasamkhyayude 20 sathamaanam mitocondrial dna haplogroup diyil pedunnu, ithu avarude haplogroup vaii1eiii mtdnayekkaal valare vaividhyapoornamaanu, ithu inipparayunna reethiyil pariharikkaam 1 2/160 = 7.5% dii4oo2,4/160 = 2.5% dii4echu, 3/160 = 1.9% dii4iii4,3/160 = 1.9% dii4jeey, 2/160 = 1.25% dii3,2/160 = 1.25% dii4sii2,1/160 = 0.6% dii4eiii1,1/160 = 0.6% dii4bii2bii, 1/160 = 0.6% dii4jii2bii, 1/160 = 0.6% dii4emm2, <aidi2 = 0.6% dii4emm2, <aidi2 = 0.6% dii4emm2, <aidi2 = 0.6% dii4emm2, <aidi2 = 0.6% dii4emm 1 1/160 = 6.9% c5,5/160 = 3.1% c4b, 3/160 = 1.9% c4a1,1/160 = 0.6% c1a), g (14/160 = 8.75%, 12/160 = 7.5% g1b, 2/160 = 1.25% g2a1) ennivayulppede haplogroupukal c (20/160 = 12.5%) nannayi prathinidheekarikkunnu. alchi mitocondrial dna poolinte bakkiyulla bhaagangalil haplogrooppukalaaya enn9bii (7/160 = 4.4%), emm8eiii (6/160 = 3.75%), eph1eiii (5/160 = 3.1%), emm7 (4/160 = 2.5%), emm9eiii1 (1/160 = 0.6%), isad1 (1/160 = 0.6%), bii5bii2 (1/160 = 0.6%) enniva ulppedunnu.
balanovska mattullavarum nadatthiya oru padanamanusarichu."(2018), innathe ulchi purushanmaar sii-emm217 (xm48, m407) (18/52 = 34.6%), sii-emm48 (18/52 = 34.6%), sii-emm48 (18/52 = <ID5), sii-emm48 (xm48), oo-emm175 (oo. aii. dii.) (oo. aii. dii.), oo. aii. dii. 5 (oo. aii. dii.), oo. aii. dii. 5 (oo. dii. dii.), oo. dii. 5 (oo. dii. dii.), oo. dii. 5 (oo. dii. dii.), oo. dii. 5 (oo. dii. dii.), oo. dii. 5 (oo. dii. dii.), oo. dii. 5 (oo. dii. dii.), oo. dii. 5 (oo. dii. dii. dii.), oo. dii. sii. sii. (oo. dii. dii. dii.), oo. dii. sii. sii. sii. (oo. dii. dii.
chertovi vorota guhayil ("devils gettu") ninnulla 7,700 varsham pazhakkamulla avashishtangalumayi ulchiyile janasamkhyaa janithakashasthram bandhappettirikkunnu, koodaathe thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarkkulle kizhakkan eshyan janithaka gadakavumaayi janithakaparamayi saamyamullathaan. thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarilum madhyeshyakkaarilum kuranja aavruthiyilum dakshineshyan, padinjaaran eurasian (europian, middle eestten) janasamkhyayilum uyarnna shathamaanathilum kaanapedunna "purathana vadakkan eurasian" (aane) janithaka ghadakam ulchikalkku yadhaarthathil undayirunnathaayi thonnunnilla; athinaal thaddesheeya amerikkakkaarude kizhakkan eshyan gadakathe prathinidheekarikkanamennu nirddeshikkappedunnu.
bhasha.
tungussic bhaashakalude thekkan (amur) shaakhayilaanu ulchu bhasha ulppedunnathu. naanaay janathayudeyum oorokkukaludeyum bhashakalkkoppam, purathana muun-tungusic "amuric" padaavaliyude avashishtangalum ithil adangiyirikkunnu, ithu ulchiyude poorvvikare amoor mekhalayile ettavum purathana nivaasikalil oralaayi kanakkaakkunnath saadhyamaakkunnu.
matham.
ulchiyudeyum amur mekhalayile mattu janangaludeyum parambaraagatha matham aanimisavum shamanisavum prakadippikkunnu. ulchiyude saamoohika jeevithathil oru valia punk avarude kudumbatthinteyum poorvvikarudeyum (poorvvika aaradhana) aaraadhanaareethiyilaanu. avarude matham nivkhu janathayudeyum ainu janathayudeyum mathavumaayi saamyamullathaan.