
koombola mekhala

poombodi korukalil ninnulla daatta upayogichu avasaanathe himayugateyum holocene paleoclimatineyum upavibhagamaakkunna oru samvidaanamaanu koombodi mekhalakal. kazhinja 15,000 varshathe bhouthikavum saamskaarikavumaaya paristhithiyekkurichu padikkunna jiyolajistukal, kalavastha shaasthranjar, bhoomishaasthranjar, puraavastu gaveshakar thudangi vaividhyamaarnna gaveshakarkk eee kramam oru aagola kaalaganana ghadana nalkunnu.
charithram.
onnaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbulla varshangalil sweedish paalinolajist lennart voonn posttaanu eee samvidaanathinte palinological vashangal aadyamaayi vishadamaayi anweshichathu. peett bogukalil ninnu edutha coor saambilukalile koombola vishakalanam cheythukondu, korukaliloode vividha sasyajaalangale bandukalaayi prathinidheekarikkunnuvennu voonn poost shradhichu.
ore speesheesile vyathyastha speesheesukalum vyathyastha alavukalum kaalaavasthayile mattangal moolamaanu undaakunnath. aayirakkanakkin varshangalayi choodullathum thanuppullathumaya kaalaghattangal thammilulla ettakkurachilukal kaanikkunna blaitt-sernander kalavastha kramam sthireekarikkaan voonn posttinu kazhinju. scandinaviaykkaayi oru praadeshika kalavastha kaalaganana srishtikkaan addeham praadeshika peett sequenceukalum warve dating upayogichu.
1940-ll haari godwin britiish dveepukalil ninnulla koombolakalude korukalkku voonn posttinte reethikal prayogikkaan thudangi, innu amgeekarikkappetta vishalamaaya europian shreni nirmmikkaan. ithu adisthaanaparamaayi blaitt-sernanderine plistoseen kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathilekku kooduthal vikasippikkukayum athinte chila kaalaghattangal parishkarikkukayum cheythu. randaam lokamahaayudhathetthudarnna eee saankethikavidya amerikkayilekku vyaapichu.
nilavil shaasthranjar peett, aise, thadaakam, samudrathinte adithattu ennividangalile pradhana saambilukalilum avashishtangalilum niravadhi vyathyastha reethikalude oru repertariyilaanu shradha kendreekarikkunnathu, kaarban dating, dendrocronology, niravadhi vaathakangalile isotope anupathangal, praanikaleyum molaskukaleyum kurichulla padanangal, mattullava ennivayil maathram saadhyamallaatha "uyarnna resolution" nedunnathinu. parishkaricha baitt-sernanderinte upayogathekkurichu palappozhum samshayikkunnuvenkilum avar athu kooduthal sthireekarikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheiyunnuvennu thonnunnu.
sequence table kurippukal.
nilavil onpathu pradhana koombola mekhalakalaaya i-ix, jeey-yude pravartthanatthe adisthaanamaakki nirvachikkappettittundu. 1954ll prasidheekaricha iversen. iva pattikayile "biostratigraphic divisionukal" ennu vilikkunna kaalaghattanaamangalumaayi poruthappedunnu, avaa peett bogukalile paalikale adisthaanamaakki aivarsan denmarkinaayi nirvachichu. avaa peettile kalavastha, jaiva mekhalakale prathinidheekarikkunnu. 
1974 leeii jeey chronosonukal pole mattullavar eee perukal vyathyastha ardhangalil upayogichittundu. maanga. germmaniyileyum sweedenileyum sequenceukal denmarkile sequenceukalkku thulyamalla, perukal ippozhum vyathyasthamayi upayogikkunnathino mattu nirvachanangal nalkunnathino avideyulla shaasthranjare kshanikkunnu. koodaathe, himanikal, interglatialukal, stadial, interstaadiyalukal allengil aandolanangal ennivaykku parasparam upayogikkaavunna perukal chila shaasthranjare samvidaanathinte abhaavathe apalapikkaan prerippikkunnu.
thaazhe koduthirikkunna pattikayude reethi ekadesham bii. sii. 13,000 muthal aadhunika kaalam vare ulkkollunnu. bii. sii. varshangalil nalkiyittulla theeyathikal kaalibrett cheyyaatha sii-14 theeyathikale adisthaanamaakkiyullathaayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, ithu kaalibrett cheyyumbol bisi theeyathikal valare munbe undaakunnu. udaaharanathinu, bisi 10,000 enna pazhaya dryas arambha theeyathi ekadesham 12,000 kaalibrett cheyyaatha bipi theeyathiyaayi vivarthanam cheiyunnu. kaalibrett cheytha, athu 14,000 bipi, bisi 12,000 aayi maarunnu. vegathilulla oonlain kaalibreshanukal labhikkunnathin ningalkk kalpal upayogikkaam.
pattikayile theeyathikal munkaala kaalaghattangalile kooduthal aadhunika theeyathikalumaayi thaarathamyena nannayi poruthappedunnu. valia poruthakkedukal boriyalinte avasaanathil aarambikkunnu. oro kaalaghattatthinteyum theeyathi sambandhicha kooduthal kooduthal aadhunikamaaya vishadaamshangal lekhanathinu keezhil nalkiyittundu.
pattikappedutthiya puraavastu kaalaghattangal vadakkan europinu maathrame baadhakamaakoo, ekadesham angane cheiyunnu. udaaharanathinu, aagolathalathil baadhakamaayatho vadakkum thekkum europinum idayil ore theeyathikalil ullatho aaya "venkala yugam" enna ekeekritha chronosone illa.
listtucheythirikkunna bhoomishaasthraparamaaya gattangal britiish dveepukalkku maathrame nirvachikkappettittulla. shaasthranjar vadakkan europe, thekkan europe, mattu pradeshangal ennivaykku vyathyastha perukal upayogikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, avaa pattikappedutthiya lekhanangalil parasparabandhithamaan.
himayugangalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, eee koombola mekhalakal aagolathalathil prayogikkaan upayogikkunnu, ennaal kurachu ozhivaakkalukalode. udaaharanathinu, svanthamaayi koombola illaatha antaarttikkayile "yuva driakale" paraamarshikkunnath sveekaaryamaanu. chila shaasthranjar atharam upayogangale amgeekarikkunnilla.

