
kalchaki thaazhvarakal

arjanteenayude vadakkupadinjaaran mekhalayile kaattamarkka, tukuman, jujuy, salta ennee pravishyakal kadakkunna oru pradesamaanu kalchakwi thaazhvara. nirangalude vairudhyathinum parvatha marubhoomi muthal uposhnamekhalaa vanam vareyulla savisheshamaaya bhoomishaasthrathinum ithu prashasthamaan.
bhoomishaasthram.
kizhakk siera dell akonkvijaykkum (4177 meter) kumbras kaalkvikvikkum (4177 meter) padinjaaru siera dii kwilmesinum (5468 meter) edayilulla vadakku-thekk dishayilulla oru graben thaazhvarayaanu kalkvi thaazhvara. andeesinu kizhakkayi vadakkupadinjaaran arjanteenayiloode vadakkum thekkum vyaapichukidakkunna parvathanirakalude oru parambarayaaya sieras pambinaasinte bhagamaanu eee parvathanirakal.
salta nagaratthinaduthulla "cubrada dell toro" (kaalayude malancherivu), "vaali dii lerma" (lerma thaazhvara), escoip nadhi roopeekaricha cubrada dii escoip, kyoosta dell obispoyude paadangalil "vaali encantado", kafaayattinaduthulla konchas nadiyude "cubrada dii laas konchas", thaazhvara, kalkakvi nadhi enniva polulla niravadhi thaazhvarakalum nadikalum kalkkakki thaazhvaraykkullil undu. santa maria nadiyude uthbhavasthaanam siyara dii kwilmesilaanu, avide ithine colorado nadhi ennu vilikkunnu. ithu kalkkakki nadiyil cherukayum salado poshakanadiyaaya koncha roopappedukayum cheiyunnu.
paristhithi.
kizhakkan sieras pampenasinum andeesinum idayil sthithi cheiyunna ardha varanda moundeyn kuttichediyaaya uyarnna monde paristhithi mekhalayude bhagamaanu kalchaki thaazhvarayude bhooribhaagavum. chuttumulla parvathangalude kizhakode abhimukeekarikkunna charivukal kizhakk ninnu eerppam vahikkunna kaattine thadassappeduthunnu, ithu thekkan andean yungas eerppamulla vanangale pinthunaykkunnu. central andean puna subalpine, alpine pulmedukal enniva chuttumulla parvathanirakalude ettavum uyarnna bhagangal ulkkollunnu.
charithram.
kuranjathu 8000 varshatholamaayi thaazhvarakalil manushyar vasikkunnundu. ekadesham 1000 muthal 1480 vare thaazhvarakalil shantamario samskaaram abhivridhippettu. pradhana thaazhvarayude adithattilum padinjaaran poshakanadikalilumaayi pattanangalum graamangalum ulla eee kaalayalavil janasamkhyayilum jalasechana krishiyilum valarchayundaayi. tukuman pravishyayile kvilmukalude avashishtangal settilmentinte kodumudiyil ekadesham 5000 pere paarppichirikkaam. 1470num 1480num idayil inca saamrajyam eee thaazhvarakal keezhadakki. eee thaazhvarakal saamraajyathinte thekkukizhakkan kullasu pravishyayude bhaagamaayirunnu. inker thangalude rooad shringhala eee pradeshathiloode vyaapippikkukayum kottakalum parvathashikhara shethrangalum nirmmikkukayum cheythu. cholam, chenopodium, kizhanguvargangal, beans, kurumulak (capsicum) enniva thaazhvarakalil valarunna bhakshyavilakalil ulppedunnu. chembu, swarnna lohashaasthram, maraine shell, mica, obsidian, kallu muthukal, seramics enniva thaazhvarayile nirmmaana pravarthanangalil ulppedunnu.
1530-kalil spanish inca saamrajyam keezhadakkukayum 1543 aayappozhekkum thaazhvarakalude niyanthranam thakarukayum cheythu. 1650 vare eee pradeshathe janangal spanish adhiniveshathe ethirthu. eee pradeshathe gothrangalil kalchakvis, taffy, yokkaavil (santa maria) enniva ulppedunnu.
akarshanangal.
thaazhvarayude padinjaaran attathulla taffy dell vaale, kafayettu, molinos, saan carlos, santa maria, kaachi, loss cardons desheeyodyaanam, tukumanile loss sosa pravishya paarkk ennivayaanu thaazhvarayile ettavum kooduthal sandarshikkappedunna vinodasanjaara akarshanangal. thaazhvarayude pala bhagangalilum, prathyekichu kapheytt pradeshathu niravadhi munthirithottangalundu.
kwebrada dii kafayettu prakrithi samrakshana kendram kaikaaryam cheythu.
thaazhvarayude kizhakk bhaagathulla parvathanirakaliloode vadakkupadinjaraayi purappedunna kuthaneyulla oru malayidukkaanu kwebrada dii laas konchas ennum ariyappedunna kwebrada dii kafayettu. salta pravishyayile kafayettu pattanathinadutthaanu ithu sthithicheyyunnathu, athil laa viana, gwatchipass, kafayettu ennee vakuppukal ulppedunnu. 1995-ll eee malayidukkine niyantritha prakrithi samrakshana kendramaayi prakhyaapichu. 25, 784 hector visthruthiyulla 6806.
salta nagaratthil ninnu 90 kilometer thekkupadinjaaraayittaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. chuvanna nirangalkk valare sradheyamaaya paara roopeekaranangalulla eee malayidukku valia prakrithi soundaryamulla oru pradesamaanu.
eee reserve vichitramaaya bhoomishaasthraparamaaya roopeekaranangaleyum savisheshamaaya bhooprakrithiyude moolyamulla uyarnna mathilukaleyum athupole thanne cretatius kaalaghattatthile oru pradhana paleantological saittineyum samrakshikkunnu. kazhinja rund dasalaksham varshathinide nadanna tectonic chalanangalaal uthppaadippikkappedunna eee malayidukku bhoomishaasthraparamaayi thaarathamyena sameepakaalamaan.
kafayettu pattanatthe salta nagaravumaayi bandhippikkunna deseeya paatha 68, conches nadiyude theerathulla reserviloode kadannupokunnu. athinte pathayil valare vaividhyamaarnna nirangalude bhooprakrithiyum garganda dell diablo chuvanna avashishta paarakalude amphy theaterum ulppede vaividhyamaarnna jiophomukalum kaanaan kazhiyum. munkaalangalil (bhoothakaalam eerppamullappol) eee roopeekaranangal shudhajalathinte kaaskedukalaayirunnu, saandreekritha jalathinte ozhukkiloode avaa kalline nasippikkukayaayirunnu, athu innu athinte prathyeka krameekaranatthil athbhuthappeduthunnu.
roottinte attathu nireekshikkaan kazhiyunna mattu jiophomukal ivayaanu. amphy thiyettar, frir, tooad, janalakal, kottakal muthalaayava. kafayettu loss medanosil ninnu ekadesham 7 kilometer akale, mikacha kaalsyam adangiya iolean manal nikshepam.
sambannamaaya puraavastu, charitraparamaaya bhoothakaalam kaaranam eee reservil niravadhi phoosil avashishtangalundu. morals paalathinadutthulla pradeshathu, pipidos groupile phoosil thavalakal kandethiyittundu. fosilukalaal sambannamaaya samudra, bhookhanda chunnaambukallukalude paalikal undu, koodaathe dinosarukalude kaalppaadukal polum undu. koodaathe, stromatolyteukal ennu vilikkappedunnava avatharippikkunnu. yesseril, oru pradhana phoosil malsya nikshepamundu, ekadesham 15 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu sambhavicha oru prakriyayude thelivu bhookhandathilekkulla kadalinte avasana praveshanam.
sameepakaala puraavastu gaveshanangalil nilavile root 68 ll ninnu eathaanum meter akale inca rooad oodunnathaayi kandethi, ithu saittin puraavastu prasakthi nalkunnu.
arjanteenayile pakshikalude samrakshanathinulla pradhana mekhalakalilonnaanu eee aruviyum parisaravum.

