joonn henry raitt

pershyayile urumiyayil (resai) janicha oru american classical pandithanaayirunnu joonn henry raitt (februvari 4,1852-november 25,1908). nyoo hamshareile dartmouth collegil ninnu addeham baachilar (1873), maastezhs (1876) enniva nedi. juuniyar niyamanagalkk sesham (aadyam ohaayoyilum pinneedu dartmouthilum) 1886-ll addeham johns hopkinsil classical philology professoraayi chernnu. 1887-ll addeham harwardil greak professoraayi, avide 1895 muthal 1908 vare addeham graajvett school oof arts aandu sayansasinte deane koodiyaayirunnu.
aadyakaalathe ellah raajyangaludeyum charithram" (1905), lokathinte 24 vaalyangalulla charithram; vivarthanangal "greak saahithyathinte maastarpeesukal" (1902); "plaatto guhayude uthbhavam" (1906) ennivayaanu raittinte ettavum sradheyamaaya kruthikal. american akkadami oof arts aandu sciences, american philological association, samanamaaya samghadanakal ennivayil addeham sajeevamaayirunnu. 1889 muthal 1906 vare addeham "classical review" (pinneedu "classical traimasa") saha-edittu cheyyukayum 1897 muthal 1906 vare "american jenal oof archaeology" cheef edittaraayi pravartthikkukayum cheythu.
1893ll indian hindu sanyasi swami vivekanandane kandumuttya raitt, addehathe valareyadhikam swaadheenichu; "nammude ellah pandita professormaarum orumichu cherkkunnathinekkaal kooduthal pandithanaan vivekanandan" ennu raitt visheshippichu."
raittin ell. ell ell dartmouth aandu cases vestten reserve yooniversittiyil ninnu. 1908 november august masaachyusetsile kembridjil vachu addeham antharichu.
aadyakaala jeevitam.
1852 februvari 4 nuu pershyayile urumiyayilaan raitt janichathu. addehathinte pithaav doow. 1840 muthal 1865 vare pershyayile oru medical missionary (dartmouth poorvva vidyaarthi, 1830), puraavasthushaasthrathil thaalpparyamulla oru ooriyantal pandithanaayirunnu austin hassen raitt (1811-1865). raittinte amma catherine myers raitt (1821-1888) aayirunnu. raittinte mootha sahodari classical puraavastu gaveshakayaaya lucie myers raitt michel aayirunnu.
1873-ll raitt dartmouth collegil ninnu baachilar oof arts birudam nedukayum moonnu varshathinu sesham athe schoolil ninnu maasttar oof arts birudam nedukayum cheythu. pinneedu addeham leapsig sarvakalashaalayil rund varsham (<aii. dii. 1>) samskritham padichu. addehathinu ell. ell. ell dartmouth, vestten reserve sarvakalashaala ennividangalil ninnulla addehathinte adhyapakaril jorg curtius, france ovarbekku ennivar ulppedunnu.
currier.
1873-ll addeham ohaayo agrikalcharal aandu mechanical collegil (ippol ohiyo stettu yooniversitti ennariyappedunnu) purathana bhaashakalude (greak, laattin) associate professoraayi jolie cheythu, skoolinte aadya faakkalttiyude bhaagamaayirunnu. birudapatanam padippikkunnathum purathana kaalaghattatthil gaveshanam nadathunnathum addehathinte savisheshathayaayirunnu, athu addehathinu prashasthi nedikkodutthu. classical archaeologyilum greak charithratthilum thante specialisation padippikkaan adhyaapakarude abhavam undayirunnathinaal addeham eee vishayangalil kozhsukal srishtichu. 1876ll addeham avideninnu pooyi. 1878ll dartmouth collegil associate professoraayi chernna addeham avide greak jarmman padippikkukayum 1886 vare dartmouthil jolie cheyyukayum cheythu.
1886-ll classical philology professorayum johns hopkins collegiat bordinte deana niyamikkappedukayum oru varshathinusesham harwardil greak professoraayi niyamikkappedukayum 1895-ll addeham graajvett school oof arts aandu sayansasinte deanayi maarukayum cheythu. 1908 vare addeham harwardile sthaanam nilanirtthi.
1906ll addeham greasile ethansil pooyi 1907 vare ethansile american school oof classical stadeesil vaarshika professoraayi jolie cheythu.
pandithochithamaaya kruthikal.
raitt niravadhi pusthakangalum monographukalum pandithochithamaaya prabandhangalum ezhuthukayum edittu cheyyukayum vivarthanam cheyyukayum cheythu. addehathinte munkaala sradheyamaaya kruthikalil chilath-"collegiat vidyaabhyaasathile yadhaartha gaveshanathinte sthalathekkurichulla oru abhisambodhana" (1882), "sarvakalaashaalayile college kolejile classical philology" (1886), collignoninte maanuval oof greak archaeology vivarthanam (1886) muthalaayavayaan. "1886 october october johns hopkins kolejinte pathinonnam adhyayana varshathinte udghaadana velayil addeham nadatthiya prabhaashanamaayirunnu "collegiat vidyaabhyaasathile yadhaartha gaveshanathinte sthaanam". athe varsham thanne addeham maxima kolignon ezhuthiya "eiii maanuval oof greak archaeology" engleeshilekku vivarthanam cheythu. 1892ll raitt "dhii dettu oof silindar" ennu ezhuthi. 1892ll raitt ithu ezhuthiyengilum, "eadheniyanmaarude bharanaghadana" yekkurichulla aristottilinte kruthi kandethunnathuvare ithu prasidheekarikkappedaathe thudarnnu; ithu ezhaam noottaandile "eadhanukalile sambhavangalude kaalaganana" sthireekarikkunnathilekka nayichu. 1893-ll addeham "herondia" enna peril oru prabandham ezhuthi, athil aduthide kandethiya herondasukalude paappirasinekkurichulla vilapetta gaveshana pravartthanangal adangiyirunnu. 1894ll addehathinte 'stadees inn sophocles' prasidheekarichu.
1902-ll raitt "greak saahithyathinte maastarpees" edittu cheyyukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. eee pusthakatthil, hommer, tyrtius, archylocus, calistraattas, alcase, sapho, anakaron, pinder, escalus, sophocles, euripids, aristophens, herodotus, thusidides, senophone, plaatto, theocritus, lucian ennivayulppede ettavum sradheyamaaya greak saahithyathinte thiranjeduttha bhagangal addeham vivarthanam cheyyukayum prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. eee thathwachinthakareyum ezhuthukaareyum kurichulla hraswa jeevacharitra rekhaachithrangalum vishadeekarana kurippukalum vishakalanavum pusthakatthil ulppeduthiyittundu. 1904ll sent arts aandu sciences kongrasil addeham "classical saahithyathinte charithratthinte varthamaanakaala prasnangal" enna prabandham vaayichu. luis exposion.
1905ll irupathinaalu vaalyangalilayi "aadyakaalam muthalulla ellah raajyangaludeyum charithram" enna vishayathekkurichulla edittar, traanslettar, supervisor ennee nilakalil addeham sevanamanushtichu. ferdinand justy, saaraa yorke steevansan, morris jastro ennivaraayirunnu eee padhathiyil ulppetta mattu shradheya pandithanmaar. ellah raajyangaludeyum charithram" enna pusthakatthil 24 vaalyangal ulppedunnu-anjennam puraathanakaalathekkurichum anjennam madhyakaalakhattatthinte charithrathekkurichum pathennam aadhunika lokacharithrathekkurichum randennam amerikkayude charithrathekkurichum backie rund vaalyangal parambarayude samagra soochika vaalyangalaayirunnu. niravadhi edittarmaarudeyum pandithanmaarudeyum sahakaranm aavasyamulla oru "manushyaraashiyude charithram" ezhuthaan avar aagrahichirunnuvennu pandithanmaar ezhuthi.
1906-ll, raitt "plaatto guhayude uthbhavam" prasidheekarichu, ithu emm. tii. yill veriye guhayude puraavastu khananangalodulla addehathinte thaalpparyatthinte valarchayaan. ethansinu sameepam haimettas. eee lekhanathil addeham "republicinte" ezhaamathe pusthakatthinte udghaadanathil thathwachinthakan avatharippicha guhayude upamayude poorvvakaalangalekkurichu samsaarikkunnu. roopaka guhayude attributeukal yadhaartha guhayumaayi aduthu poruthappedunnuvennu raitt theliyichu; empedoclesinte kavithayaya "purifications", syracusinte kwari-grotos ennivayil ninnulla adhika gadakangalude swaadheenathode avaa athine adisthaanamaakkiyumenathiraayi addeham nigamanam cheythu.
mattu pravartthanangal.
1893ll addeham american association oof arts aandu sayansasinte fellow aayi. athe varsham thanne addeham archaeological instittyoott oof amerikkayil amgamaayirunnu. 1894ll addeham american philological associationte presidentaayi. american akkadami oof arts aandu sayansasinte fellow koodiyaayirunnu addeham.
1906 eprilil springfieldil nadanna nyoo englandu classical associationte aadya vaarshika yogathil prasidantaayirunna addeham 1889 muthal 1906 vare "classical review" yude saha-edittaraayum 1907 ll athinte pingamiyaaya "classical quarterly" yude saha-edittaraayum pravarthichu. 1897 muthal 1906 vare "american jenal oof archaeology" cheef edittaraayirunnu.
irupathaam noottaandile paatapusthakangalude classical vibhaagathil sambhavana nalkia sradheyamaaya edittarmaaril oraalaayirunnu addeham.
vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam.
1879 epril 2 nuu ohaayoyile gambieril keniyan koleju president elii tooad tappante makalaaya merii tuppen raittine addeham vivaham kazhichu. eliyans" (1902), "dhii testt" (1904), "dhii tower" (1906), "dhii chaariyotters" (1912) ennivayude rachayithaavaayirunnu merii. eee dambathikalkku moonnu kuttikalundaayirunnu, elisabath tuppen raitt (cheruppatthil thanne marichavar); niyamapanditanum uttopiyan ezhuthukaaranumaaya austin tuppen raitt; bhoomishaasthranjanaaya joonn kirtland raitt. avar hannover, nyoo hamshire, baltimore, maryland, masaachyusetsile cambridge ennividangalil aaa kramatthil thaamasichu, avasaanamaayi avarude thaamasasthalam ethansile oru kaalayalav thadassappeduthi. 1908 november august masaachyusetsile kembridjil vachu raitt antharichu. bharya makkalum addehathinundaayirunnu.
paarambaryamaayi.
pathonpathaam noottaandile ettavum pramukha american pandithanmaaril oralaayi raitt kanakkaakkappedunnu. sii prakaram. bii. addehathinte adhyaapanathinte paridhi vijnjaanakoshamaayirunnu, vishalamaaya vaayanayal shakthippeduthiya aazhathilulla vimarsanaathmaka bodham, budhimuttulla grandhangal vyaakhyaanikkunnathil pravachanatthinte shakti pole thonnikkunnathupole addehathinu nalki". addeham thante vidyaarthikalumaayi mikacha bandham nilanirthukayum narmmam, catholica manobhaavam, pakshapatharahithamaaya vilayiruthalukal ennivaykku perukettavanaayirunnu. raittinte american samakaalikaril henry simmons freeze, basil lano gildezhsleev, vilyam vaatsan goodwin, vilyam gardner heyil, vilyam saandezhs scarbero, thomas day seamer ennivar ulppedunnu, avaril chilar mattu academic vidagtharumaayi sakhyamundaakkukayum aathyanthikamayi "humanities" enna achadakkam vikasippikkukayum cheythu. raittum addehathinte samakaalikarum eee kaalaghattatthile american klaasikkistukalude anthaaraashtra shradha nediya avismaraneeyamaaya kruthikal ezhuthi. maxima kolignoninte "maanuval dii archaeology greck" enna kruthiyilum harwardil addeham nalkia klaasukalilum addeham nalkia sambhavanakal kaaranam, vaitt amerikkayil classical archaeology padippikkunnathil oru thudakkakkaaranaayi kanakkakkappettu.
swami vivekaanandanumaayulla bandham.
1893ll swami vivekanandan lokamathangalude paarlamentil hindumathathinteyum indiayudeyum prathinidhiyayi amerikkayilekku pooyi. 1893 juulai juulai chikkaagoyilethiya sesham, amgeekaarapathramo aathmaarthathayo illaathe arcum paarlamentil prathinidhiyayi pankedukkaan kazhiyillennu addeham manassilakki. aaa samayat addehathinu orennam undaayirunnilla, addehathinu poornnamaayum nirasha thonni. septambar aadyavaaram vare paarlament thurakkillennum addeham manassilakki. ennaal, vivekanandan thante prateeksha kaivittitilla. chelavukal kuraykkunnathinaayi chikkagoyekkaal chelaveria bostanilekku pookaan addeham theerumaanichu.
1893 august august bostanilvechu vivekanandan aadyamaayi raittine kandumutty. vivekaanandante agadhamaaya arivu kandu athbhuthappetta raitt varaanirikkunna paarlamentil oru speakeraayi pankedukkaan addehathodu abhyarthichu. addeham valare aascharyappettu, oru athidhiyaayi thante veettil thamasikkaan addeham vivekanandane kshanichu. 1893 august 25 muthal 27 vare 8 arlington streettile raittinte veettilaanu vivekanandan thaamasichathu.
paarlamentil pankedukkaan thanikk oru amgeekaarapathramo sathyasandhathayo illennu vivekanandan raittinodu paranjappol addeham addehathodu paranjathaayi reportund-"swami, ningalude amgeekaarapathrangal chodikkunnathu suryanodu prakashikkaanulla avakaashathekkurichu chodikkunnathinu thulyamaanu."appol raitt thanne lokamatha paarlamentinte chairmanu oru aamukha kathu ezhuthukayum vivekanandane oru speakeraayi shanikkaan nirddeshikkukayum cheythu-" "ivide nammude ellah pandita professormareyum onnippikkunnathinekkaal kooduthal pandithanaaya oru manushyanaan"."vivekaanandante pakkal railway ticket vaangaan mathiyaya panamillennum athinaal addeham oru railway tikattum vaangi ennum raitt manassilakki. paarlamentinte samaapanathinusheshavum avar kathidapaadukaliloode parasparam sanbarkkam pulartthi. addehathinte sahayathinum dayaykkum vivekanandan raittinodu eppozhum nandiyullavanaayi thudarnnu. 1894 juun juun ezhuthiya kathil vivekanandan raittine sahodaran ennu abhisambodhana cheyth ezhuthi-"ente sahodarane, ninneppolulla dridamaaya hridayangal saadhaaranamalla. ithu oru vichitramaaya sthalamaanu-nammude eee lokam. mothatthil, eee raajyathe janangalude kaiyil ninnu enikku labhicha dayaykku njaan karthavinodu valare nandiyullavanaanu-njaan, ivide 'yogyatha' polumillaattha oru poornna aparichithanaan. ellaam nanmaykku vendiyaanu pravartthikkunnathu."

