
soong

parambaraagatha barmees samgeethathil upayogikkunna oru kamaanamulla veenayaanu soung (barmeesa соне т, mlcts caung:; soung-gaukku (сонг-gauck), barmees veenayanthram, barma veenayanthram allengil mianmer veenayanthram ennum ariyappedunnu). barmayude deseeya sangeetha upakaranamaayi "soung" kanakkaakkappedunnu. valare purathanamaaya oru veena paarambaryamaayathinaal "soong" savisheshamaan, eshyayil nilanilkkunna oreyoru veenayaanithennu parayappedunnu.
padaprayogavum padaprayogavum.
"saang" (сонг) ennathu "harp" ennathinte barmees padamaanu, ithu pershyan padamaaya chaangil ninnu uthbhavichathaan, ithu pershyan kamaanamulla harp aanu. barmees kamaanamulla veenaye kooduthal krithyamaayi "soung gaukku" (,;) ennum mattoru thaddesheeya veenaye "()" allengil "soungbya" (;) ennum vilikkunnu.
soung" enna barmees vaakk barmees "soungaugyi" () enna vakkil ninnu (), chainees () ennivayulppede niravadhi praadeshika bhaashakalilekku kadameduthittundu.
vivaranam.
lambamaya anurananm ulla padinjaaran veenaykku vipareethamaayi anurananaafalakam kooduthal thirascheenamaayathinaal barmees veenaye kamaanamulla thirashcheena veenayaayi tharamthirickunnu. oru maratthinte verukalil ninnu kothiyeduttha neelamulla valanja kazhuthum shareerathinte mukalbhaagathinte madhyabhaagathu ninnu thaazhekku ozhukunna oru charadulla baarumaan veenayude pradhana bhagangal. resonator bodiyude mukalbhagam naalu cheria vrithaakrithiyilulla shabda dwaarangalulla chuvapp niratthil kanatha meruk kondu irukiya maan thoppi kondu moodappettirikkunnu. songinte" staanderd alavukal ivayaanu. shareerathil ninnu kamaanam uyarunnu. cheria kalikkarkkaayi cheria veenakal nirmmichittundu. 
boow trea ilayude valare alankaricha praathinidhyatthil kazhuthu avasaanikkunnu. veenayude shareeram muzhuvan mica ("mandale muthukal"), glass, giltt, chuvapp, karupp lakkangal enniva kondu alankarichirikkunnu. staandum samaanamaayi alankarichirikkunnu. veenayile charadukalude attangal chuvanna paruthikkuthirakal kondu alankarichirikkunnu. soong" charadukal silk allengil nailon kondaanu nirmmichirikkunnathu.
veenayude koninte pathimoonnu muthal pathinaar vare charadukal string baaril ninnu kazhuthile valanja kamaanatthinte thaazhathe bhaagathulla string bindingukal vare mukalilekku. parambaraagathamaayi, string bindingukal valaykkukayum krameekarikkukayum cheythaanu tuning poortthiyaakkiyathu. tuning eluppamaakkunnathinu aduthide nirmmicha harpukalkku mesheen hedukalo tuning pegukalo undu. parambaraagatha pattunool charadukalum nailon charadukalaal maattisthaapichittundum pattunool charadukalulla veenakal ippozhum kaanaan kazhiyum.
madiyil shareeram vechum idathuvashathu kamaanam vechum tharayil irunnaanu veena vaayikkunnath. valath kaii viralukal upayogichu purathuninnulla charadukal parichedukkunnu. vyakthatha vardhippikkunnathinum staakkatto nottukal nirmmikkunnathinum charadukal nanaykkaan idathu kaii upayogikkunnu. idathu laghuchithram upayogichu stringinte pirimurukkam vardhippikkunnathinu akathu ninnu amarthiyaanu stopp tonukal nirmmikkunnath.
charithram.
barmees veena valare purathanamaaya oru upakaranamaan. mesopotemiyayil ninnu india vazhiyaan barmayilekku kamaanamulla veena vannathennu sangeetha gaveshakar sidhaanthikkunnu. ekadesham 3000 bii yill ninnulla pictographukal ulppede kamaanamulla veenakalude ettavum pazhaya chithrangalil chilath mesopottemiyayilund.sii. 
puraavastu thelivukalude adisthaanathil, bangaalil kaanapedunna chithreekaranangalumaayi valare saamyamulla neelamulla kazhuthulla veenaye chithreekarikkunna barmees kshetra kothupanikalude roopathil, thekkukizhakkan indiayil ninnu eiii. dii 500-ll thanne "soong" avatharippikkappettirim. 
innathe paayey (prome) ykku sameepamulla piyu janathayude shree kshetra raajyathile baavbougi pagodayilaan veenayude aadyakaala puraavastu thelivukal. aaa sthalathu, samgeethajnjareyum narthakiyeyum chithreekarikkunna oru ramgathil prathyakshappedunna ekadesham anchu charadukalulla kamana veenaye chithreekarikkunna 600-kalude madhyathil oru shilpachithramund. athe kaalaghattatthile samakaalika chainees charithrangal piyu sangeethanjjar kamaanamulla veena vaayikkunnathayi udharikkunnu. 801-802 leeii chainayilekkulla oru piyoo embassy 2 pegukalulla oru kamaanamulla veena adangiya oru oorkkastra rekhappeduthunnu. 
aaa kaalam muthal eee veena thudarchayaayi nilanilkkunnu, koodaathe niravadhi charithrangalilum grandhangalilum ithu paraamarsikkappettundu. veenayude nilavile barmees padamaaya "soong" bagan kshethrangalilum chithraparamaaya praathinidhyangalilum rekhappeduthiyittundu. madhyakala purajaatheeyarude aachaaraparamaaya samghangalil veenakalude saannidhyavum raajakudumbaamgangalkkaayi avatharippikkunna vanita veenaavirathikalum barmees charithrangal vivarikkunnu. naagayon, locahtecpan shethrangal ulppede avasheshikkunna kshetra kothupanikalilum chuvarchithrangalilum avaa pradarshippichittundu.
barmeesile aadyakaala gaana-kavita grandhangal pathinalam noottaandinte thudakkathilethaanu, ennirunnaalum samgeetham nilanilkunnilla. eee gaanam-kavita veena samgeethamaayirunnuvennu anumaanikkappedunnu, kaaranam eee vaachakam mainsainginte uparodhathe soochippikkunnu, koodaathe innu upayogikkunna classical tuningukalilum sangeetha roopangalilum onnaanu "mainsaing".
aava raajavamshathinte kaalath eee veena 11 charadukalulla oru kothupaniyude roopathilaayi. konbang kaalaghattatthile saamskaarika navothaanatthil ninnu (1752-1885) veenaykku prayojanam labhichu. barmees rajaavaaya synbusion ayuthayaye pirichuvittappol, addeham niravadhi siamese kottaarakkaare thante koode thirike konduvannu. pidichedukkappetta sayamese abhinethaakkalum samgeethajnjarum veena samgeethathil puthiya roopangalkkum pareekshanangalkkum aakkam kootti. ettavum pradhanappetta puthumayullayal sayamese samgeethathinte reporterukal barmees bhaashayilekku sweekarikkukayum sayamese panchi kathakal barmees "enaung-saath" aayi sweekarikkukayum athinaayi harp samgeetham rachikkukayum barmees shaasthreeya samgeethathinte mahagita corpusil krodeekarichirikkunna "yodaya" (aayuthaayaykkulla barmees vaakk) enna harp samgeethathinte oru puthiya vibhaagam vikasippikkukayum cheytha kazhivulla kottarakkaaranaaya miyawadi mingi yuu zaa (1766-1853) aayirunnu. sii3 muthal eph5 vare randara okdevukalilaayi vyaapichukidakkunna veenayanthrangalude ennam ezhil ninnu pathimoonnaayi vardhippikkunnathinum, shhaa maratthinte valanja verukal upayogichu veenayanthrathinte tensile shakti mechappeduthunnathu ulppedeyulla savisheshathakal sthaapikkunnathinum yuu zaa utharavaadiyaayirunnu. avasaanathe konbang court haarppist moung moung geyy 14-aamm string chertthu. swaathanthryathinu sheshamulla oru veenaavaadakanaaya baa thaan oru 16-string "soong" srishtichu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinu munbulla oru kaalaghattatthile thakarchaykku sesham, 1947-ll, rajakeeya maram kothupanikalil ninnulla hammat kii, samsthaana phine arts skoolukalkkaayi 7 veenakathakal srishtichu.
pathinettaam noottaandil chainayile kwing raajavamshathin eee upakaranam parichayappedutthukayum "songavoji" (rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr ruu ruu ruu ruu, "soong-gaukku" ennathinte lipyantharanam) ennariyappedukayum cheythu. 1788ll aarambhicha chainees saamraajyathva kottaaratthile virunnukalil aadaraanjaliyude bhaagamaayi eee upakaranam aalapichu.
samgeethavum samgeethajnjarum.
1800kall vare, barmees veenayum athinte samgeethavum rajasabhaykkullil chamber samgeethathinaayi maathramaayi upayogichirunnu, avide athu sabha upakaranagalil ettavum vilappettathayi kanakkaakkappettirunnu. athinusesham, ithu saadhaarana janangalkkidayil janapriyamaayitheernittundum kooduthal aduppamulla chamber krameekaranangalil maathrame ithu kalikkunnulloo. barma saamraajyathinte rakshaakarthruthvathilaanu eee upakaranam nirmmichathu. randaam lokamahaayudhathinushesham, stettu school oof phine artsinu barmees karakaushala vidagdhar puthuthayi nirmmicha veenakal labhichu.
veenayodoppam saadhaaranayaayi oru gaayakan undaayirikkum, allengil kooduthal krithyamaayi paranjaal, gayakanodoppam veenayum, gayakanumaayi poruthappedunna veenayum, samgeethathinte vegatha soochippikkunnathinu oru maniyum clapper upayogichu samayam niyanthrikkunnu.
lettu-kaatt (λιποπ), kaavu (το), soonn-swe-ginn (τονεντο), taatt (τ) ennivayaanu mandaleyile pradhana kaliyude saankethikavidyakal.
barmees shaasthreeya sangeetha skeyil paashchaathya skailil ninnu vyathyasthamayi tyoon cheythirikkunnu, ithu anchukalude avarohana chakratthil ninnu uruthirinjathaanennu parayappedunnu. 1885 muthal nilavilundaayirunna yadhaartha tuning reethiye "heine-loonn" ennu vilikkunnu, athesamayam sangeethanjjar auku-pyaan, pell, mine-saing tuning reethikalum upayogikkunnu. ithu ekadesham sariyaanu, parambaraagathamaayi, barmees shaasthreeya samgeethathinte naalu pradhana vyathyastha reethikalkkaayi veena vyathyasthamayi tyoon cheiyunnu. aduthide, paashchaathya samgeethathinte aadhipathyam kaaranam, pala haarppistukalum paashchaathya dietonic skaililekku tyoon cheiyunnu, kaaranam parambaraagatha tuningukalil gayakar kuravaanu.
barmees samgeetham notteshan upayogichu ezhuthiyittilla, gaanangalude vaachakam maathrame record cheythittulloo, koodaathe samgeethathinte avatharanam thalamurakaliloode adhyapakanil ninnu vidyaarthiyilekku kaimariyittundu. raajasabhayile avasaanathethum ettavum ariyappedunnathumaaya veenaavarthakan yuu moung moung giyi (1855-1933) aayirunnu, addehathinu pathimoonnaam vayassil king maindante kottaaratthil oru sthaanam nalkukayum "deva-ainda" ('swargeeya samgeethajnjan;') enna padavi nalkukayum cheythu, athu ippol addehathe thirichariyunnu. svanthamaayi vaidagdhyamulla samgeethajnjaraayitheernna niravadhi samgeethajnjare addeham parisheelippichu. innathe veenakkachavadakkaarude vamshavali deva-aindayilum mattu samgeethajnjarilum nerittu kandethanakum.
britiish adhinivesavum mandalayude kottaaratthinte pathanavum moolam, barmees kottara samskaaravum paarambaryavum saamskaarikamaayum bhoomishaasthraparamaayum mandaalaykk ettavum aduthulla shahn samsthaanamaaya sipoyile safosukalude kottaaratthil kurachukaalathekku thudarnnu. prashasthamaaya harpistukalaaya yuu hpu gyung, saavo miah ayee kyi ennivar sipaavil ninnullavaraayirunnu.
sinimayil.
1956-ll japanese chalachithra samvidaayakanaaya koonn ishikaava randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu barmayil chithreekaricha "barmees harp" (biruma noow tatagoto) enna peril ooskaar naamanirddesham cheyyappetta oru yudhavirudha chithram nirmmichu. yudhathinte bheethikal kaaranam oru buddha sanyasiyaayi maarunna oru japanese sainikanaayirunnu pradhana kathaapaathram. avan "soong" kalikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, sountraakkil ninnu "songinte" shabdam neekkam cheyyukayum pakaram oru paashchaathya classical pedal haarppinte ovardab upayogikkukayum cheiyunnu. 1985ll ishikaava chithratthinte remake samvidaanam cheythu, athu vaanijyaparamaayum niroopakaparamaayum valia vijayamayirunnu.

