
bithiya, itali

italiyile sardiniayude thekk bhaagathulla chiyaykk sameepam sthithi cheiyunna oru phoeneeshyan, carthagenian, roman pattanamaayirunnu bithiya allengil bittiya. avashishtangalil bhooribhaagavum vellathinadiyilaanu.
charithram.
bii. sii. ettaam noottaandil feenishyanmaar bittaan (, "kottaram") enna peril bithiya sthaapichu. punic yudhangal, athu roman aakunnathuvare ithu carthagenian niyanthranatthilaayi. punic samskaaram roman kaalaghattatthil nannayi nilaninnu. ezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil arab akramanangalil ninnu rakshappedaan janangal ulnaadan rajyangalil ninnu palayanam cheythappol ithu upekshikkappettu.
1963ll kanatha kodunkaattukaletthudarnnu nagaratthinte chila avashishtangal velichathu vannu. cardolinu dveepile oru punic kshethrathinte avashishtangal ippozhum nireekshikkaavunnathaan, athil oru tofattinte saannidhyam soochippikkunna karakaushala vasthukkalum kandethiyittundu. aadhunika graamatthinte nilavile peraaya "chiah" ennu vilikkunna spanish gopuram nilkkunna promontaryude thaazhvaarathaanu veedukalude adhika avashishtangalum besinu samarppichirikkunna randaamathe shethravum sthithi cheiyunnathu.