
marunku malanirakal

kongo janaadhipathya republicinte taamgaanyika pravisyayil taamgaanyika thadaakatthinte thekk pakuthiyude padinjaaru bhagathaanu marungu malambradeshangal sthithicheyyunnathu.
sthalam.
moba thuramukhathinu vadakku thadaakathilekku ozhukunna mulobosi nadiyaanu malambradeshangale vibhajikkunnath. 
vadakkan bhagam uyarathil athumbol valia thekkan bhagam athunnu.
sharashari vaarshika mazha ekadesham octoberinum eprilinum idayilaanu labhikkunnath.
poshakangal thaarathamyena kuravaanu mannil.
oru sublacastrin veekkam tanganyika thadaakatthinte thekkan thadaakathinu keezhilulla marunku peedabhoomiyil ninnu vyaapichukidakkunnu, ithu albertville, songwe thadangalaakki vibhajikkunnu. nilavile thadaakanirappinu thaazheyulla songway trafaanu thadaakatthinte ettavum aazhameriya bhagam. 
marunku peedabhoomiyil ninnu ozhukunna nadikalil ninnulla vandal konukal songway traffinte thaazhvarayil kaanapedunnu, koodaathe thadaakanirappinu thaazhe niravadhi vii aakruthiyilulla thaazhvarakalundu. 
eee savisheshathakal soochippikkunnathu quaternary kaalaghattatthil (2.588 dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu muthal innuvare) thadaakatthinte alavu valare vyathyaasappettirunnuve chilappol innathethinekkaal valare kuravaayirunnuvennum soochippikkunnu.
paryaveshakanaaya henry morttan staanli thante aii. dii. 1 yaathrayil eee pradesham sandarshichappol eee savisheshatha shradhichu. addeham ezhuthi, "kirungwe pooyint oru uyaramulla veekkam niranja ridjai kaanapedunnu, anjjaathamaaya aazhathilekk nerittu murichirikkunnu. parakal ore tharathilullavayaayathinaal eee malancherivu orikkal marunku peedabhoomiyude dairkhyavardhanavaanennum thadaakatthinte iruvashathum stharangalude thadassangalillaathe pettennulla thakarchayude samanamaaya phalangal kaanikkunnuvennum vishwasikkaan kaaranangalund."
paristhithi.
malanirakalude uyarnna bhaagangalil miombo vanapradeshangal undu, charivukalil kuttichedikalum thaazhvarakalil idathoornna vanangalum aruvikalkkarikilulla nadeethada vanangalude avashishtangalumund.
vanasasyangalil "parinari excelsa", "techlia nobilis", "policias phulwa", "phicus storthophilla", "tariya holsti" enniva ulppedunnu, koodaathe "sijijiam kordaattam", "fikalova lorifolia", "ilex maittis" enniva vellathinaduthaanu.
"hyperolius nassicus" ennathu vivaadaparamaaya "hyperolius nasuitus" groupile valare ariyappedaatha amgamaaya, sradheyamaaya mookkodukoodiya cheruthum nertthathumaaya oru maraa thavalayaan. kaasikkiyile marunku malanirakalile itharathilulla pradeshathu ninnu maathrame ithu ariyappedunnulloo.
pregogaininte sunbird ("sinniris pregogini") eee pradeshathe nadeethada vanathil maathrame kaanappedunnulloo.
naditira vanathile eathaanum pradeshangalil maathramaan sooryapakshiye kaanappedunnath. kaasiki, lufoco nadhi, mathafali, pandey, sambwe ennividangalil ninnu ithu rekhappeduthiyittundu.
1990ll vamshanaashabheeshani neridunnathaayi kanakkakkappetta sairile (motham 1,086 ll) 25 pakshi enangalil onnaanith.
1990-leeii oru pusthakam praadeshika sasyangalil shradha kendreekarichulla malambradeshangalile samrakshana nadapadikal shupaarsha cheythu. marungu malayora pradeshangalile theerapradeshangalile vanapradeshangal maram murikkunnathiloodeyum kannukaalikalude aruvikarayile mannolippiloodeyum valia naasha bheeshaniyilaanu.
prakrithisankethangalkkul mulobosi nadiyudeyum lufuko nadiyudeyum athirthiyilulla vanangal samrakshikkaanulla nirddeshangal undaayittund.
aadyakaala reportukal.
aadyakaala plistoseen (780,000 varshangalkk munbu) muthal innathe holocene yugam vareyulla apoorva biphaseukalulla charithraatheethakaalatthe shila upakaranangal eee pradeshathu kandethiyittundu. 
aaa kaalayalavil kaalavastha varandatho ardha varandatho aaya pluvialinum idayil niravadhi thavana marimari maari maari maari maari vannu.
engleesh paryavekshakanaaya richard francis burton eee pradesham 1857-59 ll sandarshichu.
akkaalat arabikal shekharikkukayum ujijiyile valia adima vipaniyilekku kondupookukayum cheytha adimakalude uravidangalilonnaanu marungu.
vattutta neratthe bhoomi kollayadikkukayum nivaasikalude kannukaalikale eathaandu thudachuneekkukayum cheythirunnu.
anchu maasamaayi eee pradeshathu thaamasichirunna omaanil ninnulla oru vyaapaari bertanode ithu moonnu vyathyastha pravisyakalaayi vibhajichirikkukayaanenna paranju. vadakku marungu, madhyathil karunku, thekk urunku ennivayundaayirunnu. kizhakk ninnu runangwa nadhi vibhajicha oru padinjaaran marunguvinekkurichum burton kettu. oru raajyathekkaal oru vamshathintethaayirikkaam eee perennu burton karuthiyirunna peril alppam samshayamundaayirunnu.
burton report cheythu, 
1876ll staanli marunku sandarshichu. addeham ezhuthi, "marunguvarggathile parvathangal kuthaneyullathum parukkanthum parukkanthumaanenkilum, jilla athishayakaramaamvidham janasamkhyayullathaanu. parvvathangal chilappol pilarunna edangaliloodeyum valia malayidukkukaliloodeyum, thadaakathinu 2500 adii uyarathil, gramangalaal niranja mattu uyarnna parvathangalude kodumudikal njangal kandu, avayile nivaasikal, avar thiranjeduttha sthaanathinte aprapyatha kaaranam, padinjarottu kooduthal sakthamaaya chila gothrangal avare upadravichu."
joseph thomson eee pradesham sandarshichathu aii. dii. 1ll aanu. chilappol yudhathil earppettirunna moonnu swatantra thalavanmarayi vibhajikkappettirunna marungayil oru thalavan illennu addeham report cheythu. vadakku muthal thekk vare ivaye movu, songway, massenza ennu vilichirunnu. manda, songway, kapampa ennivaraayirunnu medhaavikal. aalukal "ettavum aaveshabharitharum samshayaaspadarumaayirunnu", raajyathudaneelam yaatra cheyyaan anumathi nedaan thomson budhimuttunnundaayir. thomson ezhuthi
eee bhoopradeshathekkurichu thomson paranju, "namukk ippol soumyamaaya uyarchayum vrithaakrithiyilulla thaazhvarakalum illaayirunnu, marichu aazhathilulla irunda thaazhvarakalum thilakkavum marimari varunna krooramaaya kodumudikalum thaazhnna pradeshangalumaayirunnu. malancherivu oro ridge kadakkendivannu, uyarnna vashangalode uyarukayum kayaran kaikalum kaalmuttukalum aavashyamaayi varikayum cheythu. ippol njangal 3000 adii uyarathil kayarukayum, oru divasam moonnu thavana eee prakriya aavarthikkukayum, orikkalum araa mile mithamaaya nalla nadattham labhikkathirikkukayum cheyyum."mazhakkaalathu addeham sandarshichathu addehathinu aswasthatha vardhippichu.
thomson sammathichu "... marunguvil njangal sanjaricha parvathadrishyangalude krooravum vismayakaravumaya mahathvam athinte aashvaasam illaathe aayirunnilla. ivide suuryan, thoongikkidakkunna meghatheerathe villaliloode thante kiranangal oothivekkunnathu, swarnna kireedatthil prakadamaaya eathenkilum kodumudiyo manoharamaaya eathenkilum gladil punchirikkukayo cheiyunnathupole mahathwappeduthum; avide namukk 2000 adii thaazheyulla taamganyikayude kazhchakal labikkum, athinte vellam akale ninnu nishkalankathayude urakkam pole shaanthavum aswasthathayillaathathumaanu thonnunnu."

