
poonthotta shavakudeeram

1867ll kandethiya jarusalemile paarakkett kallarayaan garden tomp (), chila protestant amgangal ithu shoonyamaaya shavakudeera sthalamaayum yeshuvinte punaruthaanamaayum kanakkakkunnu. israeli puraavastu gaveshakanaaya gabriel barke bii. sii. ettaam noottaandil nirmmichathaanu eee shavakudeeram. pazhaya shavakudeerangalude punarupayogam purathana kaalath oru asaadhaaranamaaya sanbradaayamaayirunnilla, ennaal arimathiyayile joseph (mathaayi <aii. dii. 1>, joonn <aii. dii. 2>) thanikkayi nirmmicha puthiyathum punarupayogikkappedaathu oru shavakudeerathekkurichu samsaarikkunna baibil grandhatthinu virudhamaanennu thonnunnu. koodaathe, shavakudeerathinte sealing samvidaanathinte bhagamaayum chuttumulla poonthottatthinte jalasrotassaayum thotta shavakudeerathinte vakthaakkal yathaakramam visheshippicha shavakudeerathinu munnilulla thottiyum aduthulla thottiyum puraavasthushaasthraparamaayi kurishuyudha kaalaghattatthile (12-13 noottaandukal) kaalathaanu. poonthotta shavakudeeram paripaalikkunna samghadana ithu yeshuvinte aadhikaarika shavakudeeramaanennu avakaashappedunnathil ninnu vittunilkkunnu, athesamayam bybilil vivarichirikkunna sthalavumaayulla samanathakal choondikkaanikkukayum poonthotta shavakudeeram athinte purathana kaazhchappaadine kooduthal parambaraagathathekkaal nannayi samrakshikkukayum cheiyunnu enna vasthuthayum, ennaal vaasthuvidhyaaparamaayi maattappedukayum kaalakramena kedupaadukal sambhavikkukayum cheytha shavakudeerathil ninnu vishudha kallarayude tirakkeriya palliyil ninnu; eee ellah kaaranangalal, thotta shavakudeeram suvisheshangalil vivarichirikkunna sambhavangale kooduthal unarthunnathaanennu avar nirddeshikkunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte pakuthi muthal chila pandithanmaar golgota ennu nirddeshicha oru parakkettinodu chernnaanu poonthotta shavakudeeram. chaals gordante peril ithu pinneedu scalpy hill allengil gordante kalwari ennariyappettu. eee aadhunika thirichariyalinu virudhamaayi, kristhuvinte maranavum punarutthaanavum sambhavichathayi vishwasikkappedunna parambaraagatha sthalam kuranjathu naalam noottaand muthal vishudha kallarayude palliyaan.
1894 muthal, garden shavakudeeravum chuttumulla poonthottangalum protestant aaraadhanayudeyum prathiphalanatthinteyum sthalamaayi paripaalikkunnu, yunaittad kingdom aasthaanamaayulla garden tomp (jerusalem) association enna protestant noonn-demonicational chaarittabil trastt, israayelinte ivaanchalikkal sakhyathilum loka ivaanchalikkal sakhyathilum amgamaanu. athupole, pala kristhyaanikaludeyum, prathyekichu ivaanchalikkalukaludeyum mattu protestantukaludeyum janapriya theerthaadana kendramaayi eee poonthotta shavakudeeram nilakollunnu.
pallikkullile sthalam charithrathiludaneelamulla manobhaavangal.
baibil anusarichu, yeshu jarusalem nagarathinu sameepam, athinte mathilukalkk purathu krooshikkappettu, noottaandukalil vividha vishadeekaranangal varunna yeshuvinte shavakudeeram nagara mathilukalkkullilaayirikku vishayathil ellaayppozhum aashankayundu.
aadyakaala madhyakala kazhchakal.
udaaharanathinu, eiii. dii. 754-ll thanne vishudha willibald ezhuthiyathu, kurishine kandethiya sesham helena nagara mathilukalkkullile sthalam ulppeduthiyathaayi. ekadesham randara noottaandukalkku sesham, saywolf (c. eiii. dii. 1108) randaam noottaandil nagaram punarnirmmichappol parambaraagatha golgota kristhuvinte shavakudeeravum nagaraparidikkullil ulppeduthiyirunnathu hadriananennu vaadichu, ennirunnaalum avaa munbu nagarathinu puratthaayirunnu. rund vishadeekaranangalum parasparam virudhamaayirunnu, kaaranam elia kaapittolina enna nilayil jerusalem punarnirmmichathu rund noottaandukalkku munbu helenayude theerthaadanatthinu munbaayirunnu.
parishkaranatthinu sheshamulla samshayangal.
parishkaranathinushesham parambaraagatha punyasthalangalekkurichu samshayangal vardhichuvannu. 1639-ll quaresmius samsaarikkunnath parambaraagatha sthalam kristhuvinte yadhaartha shavakudeeramaayirikkillenna vaadikkunna "paashchaathya mathavirudhare" kurichaanu. jarusalemilekkulla theerthaadanatthinu eathaanum varshangalkk sesham 1741-ll jarmman theerthaadakanaaya jonas courteyaanu parambaraagatha sthalathinethire cases vaadikkunna aadyathe prasidheekaranam ezhuthiyathu. addehathinte pusthakatthil "kalvari parvvathatthil, athu ippol pattanatthinte madhyathilaanu sthithicheyyunnathu, athinaal yadhaartha kalwari aakaan kazhiyilla" enna thalakkettilulla oru adhyayam adangiyirikkunnu.
pathonpathaam noottaandile protestant samshayangal.
1812ll edward dii. clark parambaraagatha sthalathe "verum vyaamohavum oru sanyasi thanthravum" ennu nirasikkukayum pakaram siyoon gettinu thottupurathaanu kroosheekaranam nadannathennu nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. pathonpathaam noottaandil europil ninnu automan saamrajyathilekkulla yaatra eluppamaavukayum athinaal kooduthal saadhaaranamaavukayum cheythu, prathyekichu 1830 kalude avasaanathil eejipt bharanadhikaariyaaya mohammed aliyude parishkaarangal kaaranam. thudarnnu jarusalemilekku varunna kristhyan theerthaadakaril parambaraagatha punyasthalangalude aadhikaarikathaye samshayicha kooduthal protestantukal ulppedunnu-vishudha kallarayude palliyil protestantukalkku praadeshika avakaashavaadangalonnumilla enna vasthuthayum athu dhyaanathinum praarthanaykkumulla oru aswaabhaavika krameekaranamaanenna protestant theerthaadakarude vikaaravum ithu kooduthal vashalakki.
1841ll doow. edward robinsante "palastheenil baibil gaveshanangal", akkaalat vishudha bhoomiyude bhooprakrithiyeyum puraavasthushaasthratheyum kurichulla staanderd varkkukal kanakkakki, parambaraagatha sthalathinte aadhikaarikathaykkethire vaadichu, nigamanathil ethi "golgota vishudha kallarayude palliyil kaanichirikkunna shavakudeeravum krushikkalinteyum punaruthaanatthinteyum yadhaartha sthalangalalla". pradhaanamaayum bhooprakrithishaasthraparamaaya parigananakal kaaranam herodian kaalaghattatthilum parambaraagatha sthaanam nagara mathilukalkkullilaayirikku robinson vaadichu. oru badal sthalam nirddeshikkaathirikkaan robinson shradhaaluvaayirunnu, koodaathe punyasthalangalude yadhaartha sthaanam thirichariyunnathu asaadhyamaanennu nigamanam cheythirunnu. ennirunnaalum, jafayilekkulla vazhiyil allengil damaaskasilekkulla vazhiyil evideyengilum kroosheekaranam nadannirikkumennu addeham abhiprayappettu. 200 meter uyarathil damascus roadinu sameepamaan thalayotti kunnum poonthotta shavakudeeravum sthithi cheiyunnathu. damascus gettil ninnu.
samakaalika scholarship.
israelile pramukha puraavastu gaveshakaril oralaaya professor daan baahathineppolulla samakaalika pandithanmaar, yeshuvinte kaalath nagara mathilukalkk purathulla oru pradeshathaanu vishudha kallarayude palli sthithicheyyunnathennum athinaal yeshuvine krooshikkunnathinum samskarikkunnathinumulla vishwasaneeyamaaya sthalamaanithennum nigamanam cheythittundu.
kandethal.
thalayotti kunnu kalvari ennaanu thiricharinjathu.
eee aashankakalil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond pathonpathaam noottaandile chila protestantukaar kristhuvinte kroosheekaranam, samskaranam, punaruthaanam ennivayude sthalam kandethanulla shramathil mattevideyengilum nokki.
ottoo thenius.
1842-ll robinsante gaveshanathe valareyadhikam aasrayikkunna jarmman daivashaasthranjanum dresdonil ninnulla baibil pandithanumaaya oottoo thenius aanu damascus gettinu vadakkulla parakkettulla noll, thenius shradhichathupole, thalayottiyumayi saamyamullathaan, baibil "golgota" aanenna nirddesham aadyamaayi prasidheekarichathu. addeham nirddeshicha sthalathu kurachu prakrithidatha arakalum manushyanirmmitha guha undu, athine kristhyaanikal jeramiyayude groto ennu vilikkunnu. jeramiyayude guha yadhaarthathil kristhuvinte shavakudeeramaanennu soochippikkaan thenius pooyi. kristhuvinte shavakudeerathinaayulla addehathinte nirddesham shaashvathamaaya swaadheenam chelutthiyillenkilum, "golgota" ykkaayulla addehathinte nirddesham mattu niravadhi protestant pandithanmaarum theerthaadakarum amgeekarichu. thalayotti soochippikkunna aramic padamaaya "golgota" orupakshe aaa sthalathinte aakruthiye soochippikkaamennathinaal, paarakkettukalude escarpment "golgota" aayirikkaamenn thenius nigamanam cheythu.
mathsyathozhilaali hove.
kurachu varshangalkk sesham newyorkkile union daivashaasthra seminariyude board oof directormaaril oralaaya american vyavasayiyaaya fisher hove ithe thirichariyal amgeekarichu. 1850-ll hove vishudha bhoomi sandarshikkukayum vishudha kallarayude palli kristhuvinte maranathinteyum punaruthaanatthinteyum yadhaartha sthalamaakaan kazhiyillenna kaazhchappaad amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. pakaram, jeramiyayude guha adangiya kunnine yadhaartha kaalvariyaayi addeham choondikkaanichu, ennirunnaalum 1871 ll prasidheekaricha oru lekhanathil, thante maranashesham, eee kaazhchappaad addeham deerghamaayi vaadichu. aaa lekhanathil hove eee kunnine eee padangalil vivarichu "kunninte padinjaaru, vadakku, kizhakk vashangalil kuthaneyulla vrithaakrithiyilulla eee kunninte pinbhaagavum thalayottiyum roopappedunnu. thekk vashathulla thalayotti polulla munbhagam allengil mukham roopappedunnathu aazhathilulla lambamaya muricalum ledge neekkam cheyyalum moolamaanu. nireekshakanu, akale, thalayottiyude kannillaatha sokkatt kunninu thaazhe athinte mukhathu kothiyeduttha kottavi guha udan nirddeshikkum."ottoo theniyasil ninnu poornnamaayum swathanthramaayi thaan thante sidhaantham vikasippicheduthuvennum thante lekhanathinaayulla gaveshanathinidayil maathramaan theniyasinte avakaashavaadangalil thaan idarippoyathennum hove avakashappettu.
echu. bii. tristharam.
thalayotti kunnu golgothayaanenna sidhaanthathinte mattoru aadyakaala vakthaavum engleesh pandithanum purohithanumaaya kaanon henry baker tristraam aayirunnu, 1858 ll vishudhabhoomiyilekkula thante aadya sandarshana velayil, pradhaanamaayum vadakkan kavaadathodulla saameepyam kaaranam, kristhuvinte vichaaranayude parambaraagatha sthalamaaya antonia kottayilekkum eee thricharivu nirddeshichu. (1893ll aduthulla poonthotta shavakudeeram vaangaanulla vakthaakkalil oraalaayirunnu canon tristraam.)
clad aarr. koondar.
puthiya kalvariyude" mattoru pramukha vakthavaayirunnu claude aarr. 1872ll padinjaaran palastheenil oru mapping sarway nadatthaan palasteen paryavekshana fund niyamicha royal enchineeyarmaaril leftanantaaya conder. greak oorthadoox, armeniyan apostholikal, kooptik kristhyaanikal vishwasikkunnathupole vishudha kallarayude sabayum prathyekichu vaarshika "vishudha agniyude athbhutham" kondarine pinthirippichu.
bhooprakrithiyeyum vaachakatheyum adisthaanamaakki, mathilukal munbu vishudha kallarayude palliyude kizhakk bhaagathaayirunnuvenkil athu apakadakaravum saadhyathayillaathathumaayillu ennu conder vaadichu, palli nagara mathilukalkullilaayirikkum athinaal kristhuvinte aadhikaarika shavakudeeramaayirikkillennum nigamanam cheythu. pakaram yadhaartha kalvari jeramiyayude grotoic mukalilulla "vrithaakrithiyilulla noll" aanennu addeham nirddeshichu (i.iii. thalayotti kunnu). niravadhi vaadangalude adisthaanathilaanu addeham eee thirichariyal nadathiyathu. onnamathaayi, joonn parayunnathanusarichu suvishesham golgota oru poonthottatthinu sameepathaayi sthaapikkukayum oru shavakudeeram (joonn <aii. dii. 1>) conder vaadichathu, golgota jarusaleminu vadakku, nablasilekkulla pradhana rodinaduthaayi, "waddy ell-josile olivu-gaardanukalkkum munthirithottangalkkum idayil" kaanapedunna shavakudeerathinu aduthaayirikkanam ennaanu. randaamathaayi, kalwari vadhashikshayude pothusthalamaanennu conder nirddeshichu, jeramiyayude guhayk aduthulla sthalam parambaraagathamaayi kalleriyunna sthalamaayi sephardic juthanmaar kanakkaakkiyirunnuvennum athu yadhaarthathil "golgota" aanennathinte sthireekarana thelivaayi addeham kanduvennum addeham prathyekam abhiprayappettu. aaa pothu pradeshathe vishudhante rakthasaakshithvavumaayi bandhapetta oru kristhyan paarambaryavum addeham choondikkaatti. puthiya niyama kaalaghattatthil ithu vadhasiksha nadappakkaanulla oru pothu sthalamaayirunnuvennathinna steefan adhika thelivaayi. ithrayum cheria saamyam adisthaanamaakki oru vaadathe adisthaanappeduthaan njaan agrahikkunnilla" ennu abhipraayappettukondu, thaan apradhaanamaayi kanda thalayottiyumayi saamyam undennu karuthunnathine conder yadhaarthathil kurachukaanunnu. thante rachanakalil conder arabic naamamaya ell-hydemiye paraamarsikkunnu, athine addeham "vaadaka" ennu vyaakhyaanikkukayum "jeramiyayude sthalam" enna alle-hairemiyayude apabhramsamaanu addeham nirddeshikkukayum cheythath. ennirunnaalum, pinneedu nadanna gaveshanangal kaanikkunnath eee peru yadhaarthathil prashasthanaaya soofi vishudhanaaya ibrahim ibnu adham sthaapicha oru saviayude perilulla alle-adhamiyayude apabhramshamaanennu. chaals vilson ell edhimiye ennaanu peru ezhuthiyathu.
1870kalile vakthaakkal.
koodaathe, 1870-kalil jerusalemile american koonsal, oru sabhaa mantriyum american palestine exploration sosaittiyile amgavumaaya sela merril, vishudha bhoomiyile engleeshukaar, lutheranmaar, kaalvinistukal ennivarude samyuktha bishoperic adhyakshanaya jerusalemile protestant bishop saamuval gobaatt, jerusalem aasthaanamaayulla pramukha vaasthushilpiyum nagara aasoothrakan palestine paryavekshana fundinaayi noorukanakkinu lekhanangal ezhuthiya swis uthbhavathinte proto-aarkkiyolajistumaaya konraad shick ennivarulppede niravadhi shradheya vyakthikal thalayotti kunninte saittine shakthamayi prothsaahippichu.
1879-ll franch pandithanum swaadheenamullathum vivaadaparavumaaya "jeesas oof jeesas" enna pusthakatthinte rachayithaavumaaya ernest renan thante pusthakatthinte pilkkala pathippukalilonnil eee kaazhchappaad oru saadhyathayaayi kanakkakki.
general gorden.
ennirunnaalum, 1883 ll jarusalem sandarshicha mejar general chaals gorden aanu thalayotti kunnu enna baibil "golgota" enna kaazhchappaadinte ettavum prashasthamaaya vakthaav. addehathinte peru thalayotti kunninoppam izhukichernnathinaal samakaalika warta lekhanangalum guide pusthakangalum gordanaanu eee sthalam aadyamaayi kandethiyathenn thettayi prasthaavikkunnu. vaasthavathil kondarinte vaadangalum shikkumaayulla sambhaashanangalum kathidapaadukalum gordane valareyadhikam swaadheenichu.
kooduthal vaadangal aaveshathode nirddeshikkaan gorden hovinum kondarinum appurathekku pooyi, avaa "kooduthal saangalppikavum" saangalppikavumaanennu addeham thanne sammathichu. levyapusthakam 1:11-nte oru typological vaayana gorden nirddeshichu "[dahanayaagathinulla aadukale] yaagapeetathinte vadakku bhaagath karthaavinte munbil arukkanam". gorden eee vaakyathe vyaakhyaanichath, prototype kristhuvum "balipeetathinu" vadakku kollapettirikkanam ennaanu (jerusaleminu vadakkum kshethraparvvathathinte thalayotti kunnum). eee typological vyaakhyaanam theerchayaayum daivashaasthraparamaanu, shaasthreeya swabhaavamullathalla, ithu "gordens kalwari" yude pramukha athiraalikalaaya gaveshakan sainika udyogasthanumaaya chaals dablyu. vilson. 1883 januvari 17 nuu jarusalemile thante randaam divasam thante sahodarikku ayacha kathil gorden eee sthalathinte uchithathayekurichum abhiprayappettu
yeshuvinte shavakudeeram ennaanu poonthotta shavakudeeram ariyappedunnathu.
suvisheshakanaaya joonn paranjathanusarichu golgothayil ninnu eathaanum yardukal akaleyaan vishudha kallarayude palli "ippol addeham krooshikkappetta sthalathu oru poonthottavum poonthottatthil oru puthiya kallarayum undaayirunnu, athil ithuvare manushyane paarppichirunnilla."kjv (). pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasana pakuthiyil gordante golgotaik sameepam niravadhi shavakudeerangalum kandethukayum avayilonnu yeshuvinte shavakudeeramaayirikkumennu gorden nigamanam cheyyukayum cheythu. yeshuvinte shavakudeeram oru poonthottatthilaanu sthithi cheythirunnathennum joonn vyakthamaakkunnu; thalphalamaayi, oru purathana veenju presses thottiyum eee pradesham orikkal oru poonthottamaayirunnuvennum thottiyodu chernnulla otappetta shavakudeeram yeshuvinte "poonthotta shavakudeeram" ennu thiricharinjittundenden thelivaayi udharikkappettittundu. eee prathyeka shavakudeerathinu purathu nilathu oru kallu kuzhiyum undu, ithu orikkal kallu sthaapichirunna oru slottaanenn gorden vaadichu, athu adaykkaan shavakudeera kavaadathinu mukalil oru kallu uruttiyathinekkurichu baibil vivaranathinu anusrithamaayi.
suvisheshakarum mattu protestantumaarum eee sthalathe yeshuvinte shavakudeeramaayi kanakkakkunnu.
affiliation.
israayelinte ivaanchalikkal sakhyathileyum loka ivaanchalikkal sakhyathileyum amgamaaya garden tomber associationaanu eee poonthottam niyanthrikkunnath.
puraavastu gaveshanavum vimarsanaathmaka vishakalanavum.
golgota.
palliyil.
irupathaam noottaandil puraavastu kandethalukal vishudha kallara palliyile parambaraagatha sthalathinte aadhikaarikathayekkurichulla charcha vardhippichu
poonthotta shavakudeerathinu aduthulla kuzhi.
thalayotti poleyulla roopathinu (aadhunikakaalathe oru vaadathinu) purame, thalayotti kunnine "golgota" ennu thirichariyunnathinu anukoolamaayi mattu chila vishadaamshangal munnottuvachittundu. saittinte sthaanam avide nadanna vadhashikshakale nagaratthil ninnu vadakkott pookunna pradhana rooad upayogikkunna aalukalkk valare drishyamaaya kazhchayaakkumaayirunnu; pashchaathalatthil thalayotti savisheshathayulla nolinte saannidhyam prathirodha prabhavam vardhippikkumaayirunnu.
purathana kazhchakal.
eusebius (260-sii. 340) "golgota" thante kaalath "siyoon parvathatthinte vadakku" ennu choondikkaanichirunnathi abhiprayappettu. poonthotta shavakudeerathinte "golgota" yum vishudha kallarayude pally nilavil moundu siyoon ennu vilikkappedunna kunninu vadakkaanu. hebru bybilil moundu siyoon enna padam jerusaleminte madhya thaazhvaraykku kizhakkayi sthithi cheiyunna kshethraparvathatheyo athinte thekk bhaagathulla spurr allengil parvvathatheyo soochippikkunnundengi, eiii. dii onnaam noottaandil josephus baisaantain kaalaghattatthil kristhyan srothassukal jarusaleminte padinjaaran kunninu moundu siyoon enna peru upayogichittundu.
kristheeya paarambaryangal.
oru baibil-ithara kristheeya aitihyam "golgota" (littu. "thalayotti") aadaminte shmashana sthalamaanu, athesamayam talmudic kaalaghattatthile joothamatham aadam hebronile mcpella guhayil kuzhichittirikkukayaannum "golgota" enna peru talmudic saahithyathil illennum abhiprayappettu. 1906 leeii "jootha vijnjaanakoshathil" parayunnath, talmudic kaalaghattatthile rabbikal "manushyante ellah paapangaludeyum praayashchithatthinaayi sanketham uyarnnuvaraanirikkunna sthalathinte podiyil ninnaan aadam srishtikkappettathu" enna ashayam srishtichuvennaanu.iii. papangal manushyaprakrithiyude sthiramo savisheshamo aaya oru savisheshatha aakaathirikkaan jarusalem kshethrathinte vishudhamaaya vishudham; kristhyaanikal eee chinthaye sweekarikkukayum aadaaminte shavakudeeram avar praayashchittham cheiyunna puthiya sthalamaayi kanakkakkiya sthalathekku maattukayum cheythu, golgothayile yeshuvinte kroosheekarana sthalam.
poonthottatthile shavakudeeram.
1874ll jarmman vaasthushilpiyum puraavastu gaveshakan protestant missionaryumaaya konraad shick thayyarakkiya oru hraswa reportaayirunnu shavakudeerathekkurichulla aadyakaala vishadamaaya anweshanam, ennaal irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil jerusalemile hebru sarvakalashaalayileyum baar-ilan sarvakalashaalayileyum baibil puraavastu professoraaya gabriel barkeyude adisthaana anweshanamaanu eee pradeshathekkurichulla ettavum poornnamaaya puraavastu patanam.
shavakudeerathinu rund murikalundu, randaamathethu aadya arayude valathuvashath, aadya arayude pinmathilil kallu benchukalum randaamathe arayile oro mathilinteyum vashangalilum, aadya arayumaayi bandhippikkunna mathil ozhike; benchukalkk kanatha kedupaadukal sambhavichittundenkilum ippozhum avaa drishyamaanu. shavakudeerathinu purathulla kuzhiyude attathu oru konulla attamund, athinu oru kallu slab pidikkaan kazhiyilla (slab veruthe veezhum); koodaathe, rolling-stoon tharatthilulla ariyappedunna shavakudeerangal kallu pidikkaan praveshana kavaadatthinte iruvashathumulla lamba mathilukal upayogikkunnu, nilathu oru kuzhiyalla.
barke ingane nigamanam cheythu
1986-ll, shaasthreeya vaadangalekkaal kooduthal daivashaasthraparavum shamaapanaparavumaaya vaadangal nadathiyathinu poonthottatthinteyum vishudha kallarayude palliyudeyum sthaanathe prathirodhikkunnavare barke vimarshichu.
2010ll, poonthottatthinte director richard merrion "jerusalem poost" ennathinu nalkia abhimukhathil oro campinum yadhaartha sthalathinu anukoolamaayi academic, puraavastu thelivukal undennum randil onnu maathrame shariyaayirikkoo ennum ennaal pradhana kaaryam aaa sthalathinte pratheekathmakatha, prathyekichu yeshuvinte charithram, krithyamaaya sthalathinte urappallennum avakashappettu. athe abhimukhathil, poonthottatthil sannadhapravarthanangal earppettirunna viramicha paasttar steevu bridge, catholica grouppukal pathivayi saittilekk varunnuvennum, krooshikkunnathinum yeshuvinte punaruthaanatthinum oonnal nalkikkond gaidukal raashtreeyam kalikkunnillennum avakashappettu.
kristhyan vibhagangal sweekarichathu.
poonthotta shavakudeerathinte uthbhavasthaanamaaya puraavastu prasnangal kaaranam, niravadhi pandithanmaar yeshuvinte shavakudeeramaanenna avakaashavaadam nirasichittundu. ezhuthukaaranum paryavekshakanumaaya pooll backholler ivaanchalikkal sarkkilukalile vikaarangalkk oonnal nalkunnuvennu upasamharikkunnu, neremarichu thelivukal undengilum poonthotta shavakudeeram sthalamaanennu 'anubhavikkan' palareyum prothsaahippichu. ennirunnaalum, puraavastu kandethalukal undaayirunnittum, poorvvakaalangalil engleeshukaar ulppedeyulla protestant nivaasikalkkidayil eee poonthotta shavakudeeram oru janapriya theerthaadana kendramaayi mariyirikkunnu. athupole, sent. jorjinte engleesh cathedral poonthotta shavakudeerathil ninnu akaleyaan nirmmichathu.
yeshukristhuvinte pilkkala vishudharude sabhayile nethaakkalkkidayil ettavum priyappetta sthalamaanu poonthotta shavakudeeram.
roman catholica, kizhakkan yaadhaasthithika pallikal ulppedeyulla pradhana kristhyan vibhagangal poonthotta shavakudeeram yeshuvinte shavakudeeramaayi amgeekarikkukayum vishudha kallarayude palliyile parambaraagatha sthaanam muruke pidikkukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, vivarichirikkunna saahacharyathe unarthunna oru sthalathu oru purathana shavakudeeram kaanunnathinaayi palarum eee sthalam sandarshikkukayum cheythekkaam.
britiish ezhuthukaaranum baaristtarum sivil sarveesudhyogasthanumaaya arther vilyam crolley bowe (1845-1913) jarusalemile garden tomp maintainance fundinte kammittikk vendi 1894-ll sittinulla oru aamukhavum guidebook nirmmichu. 1920-kalude thudakkathil label bent ulppede niravadhi avasarangalil eee cherupusthakam parishkarikkukayum vipuleekarikkukayum cheythu.

