
dakshinaafrikkan klaas 23 4-8-2

dakshinaafrikkan railway klaas 23 <aii. dii. 1> dakshinaafrikkan neeravi lokkomotteevukalude oru vibhagamaayirunnu.
1938lum 1939lum dakshinaafrikkan railway 136 klaas 23 neeravi enchinukal sevanathil earppeduthi. dakshinaafrikkan railway roopakalppana cheytha avasaanathethum ettavum valuthumaaya parvatha tharam locomotive aayirunnu klaas 23.
nirmmathaakkal.
klaas 23 <aii. dii. 1> parvatha tharam steem locomotive roopakalppana cheythath dablyu.eiii.jeey. 1936 muthal 1939 vare dakshinaafrikkan reyilveyude (saar) cheef mechanical enchineeyaraayirunna (cme) eee divasam. reyilveyil pravartthikkaan kazhivulla oru pothu yoottility locomotive aayi uddeshichirunna ithu germmaniyile berliner maaschinenbou, henshell aandu soonn ennivar rund baachukalaayi nirmmichathaanu. 1938-leeii yadhaartha oordar irupathu lokkomotteevukalnukullathu, athil berliner 2552 muthal 2558 vareyulla shreniyil ezhu ennam nirmmichu, henshell pathimoonnu, 2559 muthal 2571 vareyulla shreniyil.
akkaalat, europile athivegam vashalaayikkondirikkunna rashtreeya kaalavastha konduvanna adiyanthiratha saadhaarana saar sanbradaayathinu virudhamaayi, aadya baachu vitharanam cheyyaanum pareekshikkaanum kazhiyunnathinumumbu thanne 116 locomotteevukal koodi oordar cheyyaan kaaranamaayi. eathenkilum pareekshikkunnathin munbu oru puthiya klaas enchin eee alavil oordar cheiyunnathu saarinu oru recordayi maari. eee randaamathe baachil 3201 muthal 3285 vareyulla shreniyil 85 ennavum 3286 muthal 3316 vareyulla shreniyil 31 ennavum henshell nirmmichu. eee randaamathe oordarinte avasana locomotive 1939 augustil, randaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappedunnathi oru maasam munbu vitharanam cheythu.
berliner nirmmicha locomotive nambar. 3301 nuu oru outtu-oof-sequence works nambar labhichu, berliner nambar. nambarinu pakaram 10816. 11000, kaaranam works nambar 11000 jarmman stettu reyilveyude puthiya klaas 01.10 4-6-2 pasaphik tharam locomotivinaayi neekkivachirunnu.
savisheshathakal.
pothuvaaya roopathilum shakthiyilum, klaas 23 locomotive 15iii, 15eph klaasukalumaayi valare saamyamullathaan. yadhaarthathil roopakalppana cheythathupole, locomotivinu cuppled veelukal undaayirunnirikkanam, neelamulla cuppled wheelbase konduvarunna adhika neelam ulkkollunnathin puthuthayi roopakalppana cheytha boiler aavashyamaayirunnu. ennirunnaalum, europil vardhichuvarunna rashtreeya prakshubdhathayum athinte falamaayundaaya adiyanthirathayum oru puthiya boiler roopakalppana cheyyaan samayam chelavazhikkunnath nirodhichu. thalphalamaayi, nilavilulla vaatsan staanderd nambar. 3bii boiler roopakalppanayil oru adhika neelamulla smokebox upayogichu ulppeduthi, ithu hrasvamaaya boyilarinu bhaagikamaayi nashtapariharam nalkunnathinaayi vipuleekarichu. innathe mungamiyaaya sii. emm. iii., eiii. aayi roopakalppana cheytha staanderd type boyilarukalude srenikalilonnaanu eee boiler.jii. vaatsan, randaamathethinte standerdisation nayatthinte bhaagamaayi. klaas 15iyude athe tractive sramam nilanirthunnathinaayi, boiler marddam uyarthi, saaril ithuvare upayogichathil vachu ettavum uyarnnathaan, kaaranam saar loading gej saadhaarana silindar akalathekkaal valia booar vyaasamulla thirashcheena silindarukal anuvadichirunnilla.
locomotteevukal smoke deflectorukal illaathe vitharanam cheythirunnuvenkilum yudhaanantharam avayil "dushe reachsban" roopakalppanaye adisthaanamaakki staanderd aanaa chevi smoke deflectorukal gadippichu.
ullile firebox urukk upayogichullathum ishtika kamaanathe pinthunaykkunna anchu vyaasamulla kamana tubeukal gadippichathumaanu. rund thullikal ulla rocking grettu oru steem shaker upayogichu pravarthanakshamamakki. vaatsan staanderd boyilarukalude reethi pole, hopper tharam ashpan boiler foundeshan ringinu pakaram pradhana frameukalil surakshithamaakki, chuttum eyar gapp undaayirunnu. vrithiyaakkaan soukaryamorukkunnathinaayi nananja paippukal gadippikkukayum ashpante adiyil kaikondu pravartthikkunna sliding vaathil gadippikkukayum cheythu.
radius karvukal kaikaaryam cheyyaan avare praaptharaakkunnathin, munnira coupled veelukalkku avayude hoonn blokkukalil motham side-play nalki, athesamayam intermediat coupled veelukalude tayar flanchukalkku kanam kuravaayirunnu, koodaathe munnira coupling roadukalkk vrithaakrithiyilulla bairingukal nalki. koodaathe, hrasvamaaya vaatsan staanderd boiler upayogikkaanulla theerumaanatthinte falamaayi, cuppled wheel vyaasam yadhaarthathil uddeshichathil ninnu kuraykkaan theerumaanichu, ithu cuppled wheelbase churukukayum moorchayulla valavukalile kadannupokal kooduthal eluppamaakkukayum cheyyum.
tender.
nalla nilavaaramulla vellam kurravulla kaaroovil pravartthikkaan uddeshichullathinaal, vellam nalkunna stoppukalkkidayil kooduthal dooram oodaanoo mosham vellam nalkunna sthalangal ozhivaakkaano aarr chakrangalulla bogikalil sanjarikkunna valare valia tharam iii. yuu tenderukal avayil sajjeekarichirunnu. akkalam vare dakshinaafrikkayil upayogichirunna ettavum valia tendarukalaayirunnu avaa, yadhaarthathil roopakalppana cheythathupole, jala seshiyum kalkari seshiyum undaayirunnene. axel looad niyanthranangal kaaranam, ennirunnaalum, jala sheshi kuraykkendathu aavashyamaayirunnu. irupathu lokkomotteevukalude aadya baachu atharam tenderukalode vitharanam cheythu.
tenderinte underframile parishkkaranathodeyaanu 116 lokkomotteevukalude randaam baachu vitharanam cheythath. bhaara vitharanam mechappeduthunnathinaayi, rund tender pivatt sentarukalum pinbhaagathekku maatti. ithu eee 116 tenderukalil jala sheshi vardhippikkaan praapthamakki. kappilarukalkk mukalilulla locomotivinteyum tenderinteyum neelathe baadhichittillenkilum, enchinte trailing veelum aadyathe tender veelum thammilulla dooram vardhippichathinaal randaamathe baachinte motham wheelbase kooduthalaayirunnu.
naalu vaakvam silindarukal ellah tender chakrangalilum pravarthippikkunna clasp breakkukalum oru hand break ulppeduthiyittundu. kaaranam, oru fayargrettu ellah saahacharyangalilum maanuval stocking vazhi phalapradamaayi nalkaan kazhiyillennu anubhavam kaanikkunnu, prathyekichu deerghadoora oottangalil, oru tharam echu.amerikkayile staanderd stokkar kambaniyaanu tii-1 mechanical stokkar gadippichathu. mechanical stokkar enchin tenderil gadippichirunnu.
streamlining.
1930kalil, europilum american ikyanaadukalilum lokkomotteevukalude karyakshamavalkkaranam fashion aayirunnu. keppu mainline uddeshichittulla 23-aamm klaas locomotteevukalil chilathil kaaryakshamamakkal sweekarikkaan nirddeshikkukayum athinulla kanakkukal samarppikkaan nirmmaathaakkalod abhyarthikkukayum cheythu. kaaryakshamamaakkunnath oru locomotteevinte chelavu 500 poundu vardhippikkukayum bharam ekadesham vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal, cape gejile audyogika paramavadhi charakk train vegathayil kaaryakshamamaakkunnathinte nissaramaaya prakadana nettatthinte velichathilum kaaryakshamamaya locomotivil pravartthana bhaagangalude labhyatha kurayukayum cheythathinaal eee ashayam upekshikkappettu.
locomotive namakaranam.
dakshinaafrikkayile lokkomotteevukalude peru 1860 march 20-leeii keppu taunn reyilveyudeyum doock kambaniyude <aii. dii. 2> lokomotteevukaludeyum 1860 meyy 13-leeii naattal reyilveyude <aii. dii. 1> dablyu. tii "naattal"-nuu mumbullathaanengilum, athu apoorvvamaayi maathrame cheythirunnulloo. 1945ll annathe gathagatha manthriyaayirunna bahumanappetta eph.sii. vividha dakshinaafrikkan nagarangaludeyum pattanangaludeyum peril 15eph, 23 klaasukalile niravadhi enchinukalkku peridanamennum rund audyogika bhaashakalilum anuyojyamaaya neyimplettukal gadippikkanamennum stoorokku empy nirddeshichu. alankaara plettukal smokeboxinte vashangalilo allengil enchinukalude aanaa cheviyude smoke deflectorukalilo gadippichirunnu. pathimoonnu klaas 23 locomotteevukalkku perukal nalki.
pilkkala varshangalil, eee perukalil chilath mattu enchinukalilekkum klaasukalilekkum kudiyeri, avayil palathum oduvil klaas 25ensie locomotteevukalil avasaanichu. pinneedu mattu perukalum chertthu, udaaharanathinu, 1969 aayappozhekkum nambar. 3229ll springs enna peru undaayirunnu.
sevanam.
puthiya varggam taamasiyaathe toose nadhi muthal beaufort vestt vareyum dii aarr muthal kimberly, clerksdorp vazhi welverdind vareyum prerakashakthiyude bhooribhaagavum roopappeduthi.
puthiyappol, kurachu klaas 23-kall bramphontaininu hrasvamaayi anuvadichu, "union limittad", mattu keppu express passenture trainukal johannesburgil ninnu kondupokunnathinaayi, klaas 16 dii, klaas 16 iii enniva bloomfondainilekku maatti. bramphontainile electric tentablinu locomotive athinte neenda tharam ivu tender ulkkollaan kazhiyaathathinal, clerksdorpil ninnu varunna enchinukalkku johannesburg steshanil ninnu verpeduthukayum trikona junction oonaakkaan jermistaninaduthulla india jangshanilekku laitt oodikkukayum cheyyendivannu. athinaal bramphontain klaas 23kall taamasiyaathe keppu northen systethilekku maattukayum bramphontaininu athinte table gadippikkaan kazhiyunna klaas 15efs nalkukayum cheythu.
1953ll 25,25 enn. sii. klaasukalude varavode 23-aamm klaas bloomfondainilekku maatti, avide ninnu noopoorttilekkum bargezhsdorppilekkum thekk jolie cheythu. idaykkide avar vadakku muthal chrunestad vareyum padinjaaru kimberly vareyum jolie cheythirunnuvenkilum 15 eph klaass saadhaaranayaayi aaa joliyude bhooribhaagavum cheythirunnu.
1950kalude avasaanathil postmasburgil ninnu darbanilekkulla ayiru gathagatham vardhikkaan thudangiyappol, caboos-working aarambhichu. 1959. postmasburgil ninnu kimberly, bloomfondane vazhi chrunestad vazhiyulla vazhiyil neeravi upayogichum postmasburgil ninnu aazhchayil ezhu divasangalilaayi oro 24 manikkoorilum darbanile maidon warfilake naalu block lodukalum manganese ayiru block looad cheythu. kroo thaamasathinaayi gadippichirikkunna oru caboos ulla oru jodi klaas 23 locomotteevukalile naalu kroo amgangal bloomfondeyinil ninnu 21 divasathe saikkilukalil jolie cheythu. jeevanakkar ettu manikkoor ettu manikkoor avadhiyum vahikkendathaayirunnuve karar prakaram avar saadhaaranayaayi panthrand manikkoor shifttukalilaanu jolie cheythirunnathu.
oro caboos-working saikilum aarambhichath 34 ozhinja hopper vaaganukalude oru charadum bloemfondeyinil oru gaard vaanum edukkunnathiloodeyaanu. kimberlick purathulla camfersdamil enchinukal veendum pravarthanakshamamaakkunnatho iva postmasburghylake pravarthichu. postmasburgil avar 34 looad cheytha hopper vaaganukalum oru gaard vaanum edukkukayum ekadesham 2,700 tonn bharamullah kronstaad vare pravartthikkukayum cheythu, avide 66 ll 1 (11⁄2%) gradukalkku 1,500 tonn kadiyayi looad veendum marshell cheyyukayum cheythu. kronstaadil looad cheytha hopparukal shoonyathaykk kaimarukayum muzhuvan chakravum aavarthikkukayum cheythu. postmaas burg, camphersdam, haamilttan, chrunestad ennividangalilaayirunnu recolling pooyintukal, roottil rewatering pooyintukal cluefeend, glen ennividangalilaayirunnu. muzhuvan roottilum oru looad-shoonya saikkil poortthiyaakkaan ekadesham rund divasamedutthu, oro moonnaazhchathe duty tourilum sharashari patthu cycleukal kaikaaryam cheythu. klaas 25 kandansarukal postmasburgil ninnu camphers daam sii vareyulla bhagam ettedukkunnathuvare caboos-working ellaayppozhum klaas 23 lokkomotteevukalude jodikalodeyaayirunnu. 1962ll eee sambradaayam nirthalaakkappettu. 1966-ll postmasburg shaakhayude vaidyutheekaranathinu sesham, beekkansfeeldil maathramaan neeravi vannath, bloomfondane, kronstaad, bethlahem ennividangalil crewe enchinukalum parambaraagatha reethiyil veendum mattappettu.
kattiyulla uruttiya steel baar frameukalil vikasicha mettal fettig villalukal kaaranam, 23-aamm klaas samanamaayathum samakalikavumaaya klaas 15eph-nekkaal valare neratthe mainline sarveesil ninnu pinvalichu. avarellam 1983 oode viramichu, avaril palarum 15 eph klaasinte paridhi vardhippikkunnathinaayi avarude valia tharam iii. yuu tenderukal sambhavana cheythu. eee tenderukalil onnengilum, illa. 3209, pinneedu vellam maathram upayogikkunna tenderayi punarnirmmichu.
varkk nambarukal.
23-aamm klaas enchin nambarukal, nirmmathaakkal, works nambarukal enniva pattika kaanikkunnu. nirmmaathaakkalude varkk listtil, ellah locomotteevukalum 1938 ll nirmmichathaanennu rekhappeduthiyittundu.
samrakshanam.
eee locomotteevukalil randennam ippozhum nilavilunda
chithreekaranam.
pradhana chithram berliner-biltt nambar kaanikkunnu. 1977ll aaa railway touninte nooram vaarshikathodanubandhichu touse nadiyile gideon joubert paarkkile haiskoolinu sameepam 2556 enna kettidam nirmmichu. 1977 septambar 24nuu saar cheef executive doow. cobus laubar.