
alexander balas

bii. sii. 150 muthal bii. sii. 145 august vare cellusid saamraajyathinte bharanaadhikaariyaayirunnu balas () ennu vilipperulla alexander onnaaman theopettar yoorgettas. nigoodathayil ninnu thiranjedukkappedukayum ayalrajyamaaya roman-sakhya rajyamaaya attaalid raajyathinte pinthunayode bii. sii. 152ll alexander phoeneeshyayil athicherukayum cellusid rajaavaaya demetrius oy sottarinethire aabhyantharayudham aarambikkukayum cheythu. nilavilulla sarkkaaril asanthushtaraaya koolippadayaalikaludeyum cellusid saamraajyathile vibhaagangaludeyum pinthunayode addeham demetriusine paraajayappedutthukayum bisi 150-ll kireedam pidichedukkukayum cheythu. ayalrajyamaaya tolomic rajyavumaayi sakhyamundaakkaan addeham cleopatra thiya rajakumari vivaham kazhichu. addehathinte bharanakaalathu cellusid saamraajyathinte kizhakkan athirthi sthiramaayi pinwangi, maadyamangal polulla pradhana kizhakkan sathrapikal puthuthayi vanna paarthiyan saamraajyathin nashtappettu. bii. sii. 147ll, demetrius onnaamante ilaya makanaaya demetrius randaaman nikkettar baalakale attimarikkaan oru pracharanam aarambikkukayum aabhyantharayudham punararambhikkukayum cheythu. alexanderinte sakhyakakshiyaya tolomic rajaavaaya tolami vii philomettar alexanderine pinthunaykkunnathinaayi sainyathe koyal-syriayilekku maatti, pakshe pinneedu paksham maarukayum demetrius randaamanu pinnil thante pinthuna eriyukayum cheythu. syriayile onopaaras nadiyude yudhathil tolami VI-nodu parajayappetta addeham taamasiyaathe marichu.
jeevitam.
rominte uthbhavavum dauthyavum.
alexander balas antiocus IV epiphensinteyum lavodis ivnteyum makan cellusid simhaasanathinte anantharaavakaashiyumaanennu avakashappettu. eee avakaashavaadam thettaanennum adhehavum addehathinte sahodari lavodis VI yum sarikkum thaazhmayulla smirna swadeshikalaayirunnuvennum purathana srothassukalaaya polybius diodorus parayunnu. ennirunnaalum, iruvarum romil bandikalaayirikke baalaasinte ethiraaliyaaya rajaavaaya demetrius onnamanumaayi polybius sauhrudam sthaapichu, athinaal polybius eee vishayathil pakshapaathamillaattha uravidamalla. attaalas aaa bhagam kanda oru saadhaaranakkaarane kandethiya katha shariyaano atho alexanderinte athiraalikal nadatthiya prachaaranamaano ennathinekkurichu aadhunika pandithanmaar viyojikkunnu.
diodorus parayunnathanusarichu, pergaamatthile atalus randaamanaanu alexanderine cellusid simhaasanathinulla sthaanaarthiyaayi aadyam munnottuvachathu. ariathes vii. raajaavine sthaanabhrashtanaakkiya kappadoshyayil cellusid rajaavaaya demetrius onnaamante edapedal attaalasine aswasthanaakkiyirunnu. alexanderumaayulla attaalid edapedalinekkurichu thudarnnulla thelivukal kuravaanennu boris crubassic samshayikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee kaalayalavil attaalid niyanthranatthilulla niravadhi nagarangalil achadicha oru valia koottam nanayangal alexanderude raajathvathinulla lelathinu dhanasahayam nalkunnathinaayi attaalas randaaman nirmmichathaanennu selene soma nirddeshichu.
alexanderineyum sahodariye silishyayil paripaalikkunnath antiocus naalaamante muun mantriyum maadhyamangalile oru pidichadakkukaaranum bharanakarthaavaaya demetrius onnaaman soottar vadikkappetta thimaarkkasinte sahodaranumaaya heraclidus aayirunnu. bii. sii. 153ll heraclids alexanderineyum sahodariye romilek konduvannu, avide addeham alexanderine roman senattinu samarppichu, athu addehathe niyamaanusrithamaaya cellusid rajaavaayi amgeekarikkukayum simhasana ettedukkaanulla shramathil addehathe pinthunaykkaan sammathikkukayum cheythu. attalas randaman demetrius onnamanum eee samayat senattumaayi koodikkaazhcha nadathiyathaayi polybius paraamarsikkunnu, ennaal ithu alexanderinte amgeekaaravumaayi engane bandhappettirikkunnave vyakthamakkunnilla.
demetrius I (152-150 bisi) maayi yuddham cheyyuka.
koolippadayaalikale niyamicha sesham alexander heraclidus ephesasilekku pooyi. avide ninnu avar tolemays aco pidikoodi kadalmargam phoeneeshya aakramichu. bisi151 aayappozhekkum alexander selyushya pearia, biblose, bairoot, tayar ennivayude niyanthranam nediyirunnathaayi nanaya thelivukal kaanikkunnu. eee naanayathil, alexander antiocus naalamanaayulla thante (avakashappetta) bandham parasyappedutthi, antiocus cheythathupole thante nanayangalil syoos naisphorasine chithreekarichu. antiocus enna 'theos epiphanes' ('daivathinte prakadatha') enna visheshanathe oormmippikkunna 'theopettar' ('daivikapitavu') enna padaviyum addeham sweekarichu. mukha savisheshathakalum neelamulla mudiyumulla alexander dhii grettinte vesham dharichu alexander baalakalum nanayangal avatharippichu. sainikarkk addehathinte sainika vaidagdhyam oonnipparayuka ennathaayirunnu ithu.
alexander demetrius onnamanum mattoru vyakthiyumayi malsarichu yoodaayile adhinivesha vibhaagathinte nethaavaaya jonathan afasine paraajayappeduthi. cellusid kottaaratthil uyarnna sthaanavum jarusalemile pradhana pourohithyavum nalkikkond jonathan alexanderude pakshatthekku keezhadangi. jonaathante kadinaraaya sainikar shakthippeduthiya alexander bii. sii. 150 joolaiyil demetriusumaayi nirnnayakamaaya oru yuddham nadatthi, athil demetrius kollappettu. sharathkaalathode alexanderude raajathvam cellusid raajyathudaneelam amgeekarikkappettu.
bharanam (150-147 bisi).
alexander eee samayat anthiyokyayude niyanthranam nedukayum addehathinte chansalaraya amonius, demetrius onnaamante ellah kottarakkareyum bhaarya lavodisineyum mootha makan antigonasineyum kolappeduthukayum cheythu. eejipthile tolami vii philomettar alexanderumaayi oru sakhyathil earppettu, athu alexanderinte makal cleopatra thiyayumaayulla vivahathaal adachu. tolami vii, jonathan appas ennivar pankeduttha vivaahachadangukal tolameysil nadannu. yoodaayile thante pradhana ejantaayi kanakkakkiya jonathan aadaraanjalikal arppikkan alexander avasaram upayogichu. rajakeeya jodikale orumichu chithreekarikkunna oru prathyeka nanaya lakkathiloodeyaanu vivaham parasyam cheythath-cellusid nanayangalil oru raajnjiyude randaamathe chithreekaranam maathram. avale daivika gunangalullathayi (oru cornucopy oru kalathas) raajaavinte munnil chithreekarichirikkunnu. chila pandithanmaar alexanderine oru tolomic paavayekkaal alpam kooduthalaayi kandu, eee nanayangal cleopatrayude aadhipathyathin oonnal nalkunnuvennum chansalar amonius oru tolomic ejantaayirunnuvennum vaadikkunnu. sakhyam oru pradhana sakhyamayi parasyappedutthiyittunne ennaal alexanderude keezhppettirikkunnathu vaadangal amithamaayi paranjittundennum mattu pandithanmaar vaadikkunnu.
kizhakk thakarcha.
athesamayam, paarthiyanmaareyum greco-bactriakkaareyum niyanthrikkunnathil muun rajaakkanmaar parajayappettathinaal ithinakam durbalamaaya kizhakkan upper sathrapikalile cellusid sthaanangal eathaandu poornnamaayum thakarnnu. mithridatesinu keezhilulla paarthiyakkaar njaan pothu asthiratha muthaleduthu maadhyamangale aakramichu. bisi 148-nte madhyathode eee pradesham cellusid niyanthranathinu nashtappettu. ekadesham athe samayam thanne elaimeysileyum persisileyum praadeshika prabhukkanmaar avarude swantham shanikamaaya swaathanthryam urappichu, taamasiyaathe paartthiyakkaarum avare keezhadakki. bisi 148 aayappozhekkum paarthiyakkaar caspian kadalinte theerathulla hairkkaniyayude mail thangalude pidimurukki. bii. sii. 147 aayappozhekkum paarthiyakkaar babyloniayude vaathilppadiyil nilkkukayum, cellusid saamraajyathinte aduppukalilum athinte rund thalasthaana nagarangalilonnaya selyushya-oonn-tigrisinte sthaanathum nilkkukayum cheythu.
kizhakk cellusid shakthiyude sthiramaaya mannolipp thadayaan alexander kaaryamaaya onnum cheythathayi rekhappeduthiyittil. paartthiyakkaare thadayunnathinaayi kizhakkan sathrapikalilekku paryavekshanam nadathunna muun thiranjeduttha rajaakkanmaaril ninnu vyathyasthamayi, paartthiyakkaare thadayaan nadapadiyedukkaan kazhiyaatha oru vyabhichara jeevitam addehathe vyathichalippichathayi addehathodu sathruthayulla purathana charitrakaaranmaar chithreekarikkunnu. hierax, diodotus ennee rund commandermark bharanam kaimariyathil addeham prashasthanaayirunnu, avaril aarum swantham thaalpparyangalallathe mattonnum shradhikkunnillennu thonni. eee praathinidhyam addehathinte athiraalikalude prachaaranatthinte bhaagikamaayenkilum ulppannamaanu, ennaal alexanderinte keezhil, cellusid saamrajyam athinte vyapthiyum adikaaravum nashtappedunnathu thudarnnu ennathu sariyaanu.
demetrius randaamanumaayulla yudhavum maranavum (147-145 bisi).
bii. sii. 147-nte thudakkathil demetriusinte makan demetrius randaaman lathanese enna manushyante neethrthwathil cretton koolippadayaalikalude oru sainyavumayi syriayilekku madangi. praadeshika senaadhipante pingamiyude falamaayirikkaam coel siriyayude bhooribhaagavum addehathinu pettennu nashtamaayath. jonathan thekk ninnu demetriusinte sthaanam akramikkukayum jaffa ashdod pidichedukkukayum alexander balas silishyayil oru kalaapathil earppedukayum cheythu. bii. sii. 145ll eejipthile tolami araman alexander baalakale pinthunachukondu syria aakramichu. praayogikamaayi, tolamiyude edapedal kanatha vilaykk vannu; alexanderude anumathiyode, selyushya pearia ulppede theerathe ellah cellusid nagarangaludeyum niyanthranam addeham etteduthu. addeham syrian nagarangalil swantham nanayangal achadikkaan thudangiyittundaakam.
tolemays akkoyil aayirikkumbol tolami paksham maari. josephasinte abhipraayathil, alexanderinte chansalaraya amonius thanne vadhikkan padhathiyittirunnathaayi tolami kandethiyenkilum amoniusine shikshikkanamenn aavashyappettappol alexander visammathichu. tolami thante cleopatra thiaye demetrius randaamane punarvivaham cheyyukayum vadakkottulla yaatra thudarukayum cheythu. alexanderude anthiyokyan commandermaaraaya diodotus, hierax ennivar nagaram tolomic keezhadakki.
alexander thante sainyavumayi silishyayil ninnu madangiyethiyenkilum tolami araman demetrius randaman onopaaras nadiyile yudhathil thante sainyathe paraajayappeduthi. neratthe, alexander thante sisuvaaya makan aantiyokkasine sabdiyel diocles enna arabikkari raajavamshathilekku ayachirunnu. alexander ippol subdialinoppam cherunnathinayi arabiayilekku palayanam cheythenkilum addeham kollappettu. kolayali paksham marran theerumaanicha swantham rund generalukalaano atho sabdeel thanneyaano ennathinekkurichu vrithangal viyojikkunnu. alexanderude muricha thala tolamiyude aduthekku konduvannu, avanum yudhathil undaaya murivukal kaaranam taamasiyaathe marichu.
bii. sii. 145ll general diodotus addehathe rajaavaayi prakhyaapikkunnathuvare, demetrius randaamanethiraaya kalaapathinte thalavanayi sevikkunnathinaayi alexanderinte shishumakan aantiyokkasine sabdiel paripaalikkunnath thudarnnu. bii. sii. 130ll simhaasanathinte mattoru avakaashavaadiyaaya alexander sabinas alexander baalaasinte makanaanennu avakashappedum; eathaandu theerchayaayum aaveshathode. 1747ll jorjju friederic handell ezhuthiya auretorio "alexander balas" enna kathaapaathrathinte sheershakamaanu alexander.

