
strodivarius

17-aamm noottaandilum 18-aamm noottaandilum itaaliyan kudumbamaaya stradivaariyile amgangal, prathyekichu antonio stradiwari (laattin antonius stradivarius) nirmmicha vayalin, violas, cellos, mattu string upakaranagalil onnaanu stradivarius. avaa ithuvare nirmmichathil vachu ettavum mikacha upakaranangalilonnayi kanakkaakkappedunnu, avaa valare moolyavathaaya shekharanavasthukkalaanu.
avarude prashasthi anusarichu, avarude shabdathinte gunanilavaaram athine vishadeekarikkaano thulyamaakkaano ulla shramangale ethirkkunnu, ennirunnaalum eee vishwaasam tharkkathilaanu. 1817 muthal aduthide 2014 vareyulla niravadhi andha pareekshanangalil mattu nirmmaathaakkaludeyum kaalaghattangaludeyum thaarathamyappeduthaavunna shailiyil strodivaariyude vayolinukalum uyarnna nilavaaramulla vayolinukalum thammilulla shabdathil vyathyasamonnum kandethiyitla, koodaathe shabda vishakalanavum illa. 
niravadhi fiction kruthikalil prathyakshappedunna stradivarius upakaranangalude prashasthi vyaapakamaanu. 
nirmmaanam.
baahyaroopam upayogicha vuyillaumineppolulla franch pakarppukaarkk vipareethamaayi, aantharika roopam upayogichaanu stradiwari thante upakaranangal nirmmichathu. thante upakaranangalude chila manangal addeham pareekshichathaayi thante kariyariludaneelamulla roopangalude ennathil ninnu vyakthamaan. mukalil spruze, aantharika blokkukalkkum liningukalkkum villo, puram, vaariyellukal, kazhuthu ennivaykku maple enniva upayogichirunna kaadukalil ulppedunnu. stradiwari, giuseppe gwarnery ennivayude vayalin chuvannatho veluthatho aaya veenju pole avayude tonel gunanilavaarathil vyathyaasappettirikkunnu. mriduvaaya dishayilum chaaruthayilum cheria sparshanathodu prathikarikkunna, stridivaariyude shabdathe kooduthal "nerittullathum krithyavumaaya" shabdamaayi visheshippikkunnu.
vayalin nirmmikkunnathin munbum sheshavum upayogichirunna maram palatharam daathukkal upayogichu samskarichirikkaamenn anumaanikkappedunnu. deseeya taiwan sarvakalaashaalayile shaasthranjar stradiwari vayalinil ninnu maratthil aluminium, chembu, kaalsyam ennivayude alavu kandethi. maram kondulla maratthil maram kondulla raasavasthukkalilninnaayir eee adayaalangal. vayalin nirmmathaakkal avarude upakaranagalil vaarnishukalum prayogichu. marappuzhukkalil ninnu samrakshikkaan pottasyam borettu (borax) upayogichirikkaam. pooppal, azhukal, praanikalude kedupaadukal enniva thadayaan soodiyam, pottasyam silikkett enniva upayogichirikkaam. arabic, thaine, muttayude vella enniva chernna mutta tempera warnish aaya vernis bianca upayogichirikkaamenn simoon fernando saconi abhiprayappettu.
franch rasathanthranjanaaya jeane-philipp eachard sahapravarthakarum stradivarius vayalin vaarnishukal padichu. pazhaya vayalinte uparithalathil manushyante kannin warnish drishyamaakaathappol polum koshangalude mukalile paalikalkkullil athu kandethaan kazhiyumennu 2010ll addeham report cheythu. ettavum mukalilulla thadi kosangalkkullil vaarnishinte oru thaazhathe paali kaanapedunnu, athesamayam oru mukalbhagam maratthil kidakkunnu. echaardinte kandethalukal soochippikkunnathu, strodiwari svanthamaayi nirmikkunnathinupakaram saadhaarana shmashana resin, oayil, pigment ennivayude misritham oru warnishai upayogichirunnu ennaanu. protein metteeriyalukal, monakal, phoosil aambar thudangiya prathyeka cheruvakalude adayaalangal eechaardil kandethiyilla.
2008-ll ploss vannil prasidheekaricha oru thaarathamya padanatthil aadunikavum classical vayalinukalum thammilulla median saandrathayilo vyathyastha uthbhavangalil ninnulla classical vayalinukalum thammil kaaryamaaya vyathyasangalonnum kandethiyilla; pakaram vayalinte niravadhi aadunikavum classicalumaaya udaaharanangalude sarway saandrata vyathyaasangal thaarathamyam cheyyumbol sradheyamaaya oru vyathyasam eduthukaanichu. classical vayalinte shabda ulppaadanathil metteeriyalile saandrata vyathyaasangalile vyathyaasangal oru pradhana punk vahichittundaakaamenn eee phalangal soochippikkunnu. classical, aadhunika vayalin udaaharanangalile median saandrathakal thaarathamyam cheiyunnathil shradha kendreekarichulla oru pilkkala sarway, shabda ulppaadana vyathyasangalil labhyamaya vasthukkal vahicha punk chodyam cheythu, ennirunnaalum saandrata vyathyaasangalile vyathiyaanangalekkurich oru abhipraayavum paranjilla. chembinteyum aluminiyathinteyum ulladakkam nilavile upakaranangalekkal kooduthalaanu.
vipani moolyam.
1680kalil allengil 1690 muthal 1700 vareyulla strodivaariyude "neenda paatten" kaalayalavil nirmmicha oru strodivarius lakshakkanakkin muthal niravadhi dasalaksham yuu vare moolyamullathaayirikkaam.ezz. innathe vilayil dollar. 1697-leeii "molittar" stradivarius, orikkal nepolian aanennu kimvadanti parannirunnu (ithu yadhaarthathil addehathinte sainyathile oru general marshell gabriel jeane joseph molittar, 1 err komte molittar), 2010-ll tarrisio lelathil vayalinist aan akkiko mayersinu $3,600,000 nuu vittu, akkaalat ithu oru loka recordaayirunnu.
avasthaye aashrayich, 1700 muthal 1725 vareyulla sthradivaariyude "suvarnna kaalaghattatthil" nirmmicha upakaranagalkk dasalakshakkanakkinu dollar vilayundu. 2011-ll, 1721-ll purathirangiya addehathinte "lady blund" vayalin, 15.9 dasalaksham dollarinu landanil vittu (30 varshamaayi udamasthathayilulla loard byroninte kochumakal lady aan blundinte perilaanu ithu ariyappedunnathu). japanese bhookambathinteyum sunamiyudeyum sahaayathinaayi nippon music foundeshanaanu ithu vilchathu. 2014 leeii vasanthakaalath "mcdonald" vayola myoosikkal instrument lela house inkles & hayday vazhi sothebis vazhi nishabda lelathiloode kuranjathu 45 dasalaksham dollar lelathil athichu. 2014 juun 25-oode lelam athinte ettavum kuranja lelathilethaan paraajayappedukayum vayola vilkkappedaathirikkum cheythu.
"vais magazin 2013 meyy maasathil report cheythath" "sameepa varshangalil, stradivarius nikshepa fandukal prathyakshappedaan thudangi, ithu ithinakam jyotishaasthra vilaye kooduthal uyarthi".
strodivarius upakaranangal moshtikkappedaanulla saadhyathayund. moshticha upakaranangal varshangalolam kaanathaayittum palappozhum veendedukkappedunnu. moshtikkappettathaayi ariyappedunna oru stradivarius ulla oru vilppanakkaaran sameepikkukayaanenkil dealermar saadhaaranayaayi poleesine vilikkunnathinaal avaa niyamavirudhamaayi wilkan prayaasamaan. general kaidu stradivarius" 2004ll moshtikkappettu. moonnaazhchaykku sesham oru sthree athu thirike nalkukayum athu kandethi poleesinu kaimarukayum cheythu. 2008ll germmaniyile hannoveril ninnu moshtikkappetta "synshimer/aisalin" 2009ll veendedukkukayum 2014 januvari 27nuu oru sayudha kavarchayil moshtikkappedukayum pinneedu veendedukkukayum cheythu. 1981ll moshtikkappetta "amez stradivarius" 2015ll veendeduthu.
1953ll moshticha "karpilovsky", 1995ll moshticha "davidoff-morini", 2002ll moshticha "leeii mouriyan" thudangi moshticha niravadhi upakaranangal kaanaathaayittund.
shabda nilavaaratthil thaarathamyangal.
shabdathinte gunanilavaarathinu perukettathaanu stradivarius upakaranangal. ennirunnaalum, 1817 muthal 2014 vareyulla niravadhi andha pareekshanangal mattu nirmmaathaakkaludeyum kaalaghattangaludeyum thaarathamya shailiyil strodivaariyude vayolinukalum uyarnna nilavaaramulla vayolinukalum thammilulla shabdathil oru vyathyasavum kandethiyitla, koodaathe shabda vishakalanavum illa. 1977-ll bbc radio 3 paripaadiyil oru prathyeka prasidhamaaya pareekshanatthil, vayalinistukalaaya isak stern, pinchas sukerman, vayalin vidagthanum dealerumaaya chaals bear ennivar "chaakkon" stradivarius, 1739-leeii gwarnery dell gesu, 1846-leeii villoom, 1976-leeii britiish vayalin enniva screenin pinnil oru professional solooyist vaayikkunnath enniva thammil verthirichariyaan shramichu. rund vayalinistukalkkum aadyam ellah upakaranangalum vaayikkaan anuvaadamundaayirunnu. shrothaakkalil aarum naalu upakaranagalil randil kooduthal thirichariyaan kazhinjilla. shrothaakkalil randuper irupathaam noottaandile vayalin stradivarius aanennu thiricharinju. vayalinisttukalum mattullavarum eee parishodhanakale avar eratta andharalla (mikka kesukalilum), jadjimar palappozhum vidagtharalla, vayalin shabdangal vasthunishtamaayum punarnirmmikkunnathaayum vilayiruthaan prayaasamaan thudangiya vividha kaaranangalal vimarsichittundu.
2009-ll oru pareekshanatthil, britiish vayalinist maathyoo trussler thante 1711-leeii rund dasalaksham yuu. ezz. dollar vilamathikkunna thante stradivarius avatharippichu.ezz. dollar swis vayalin nirmmaathaav nirmmicha naalu aadhunika violins. meteeriyals sayans aandu teknolaji gaveshakanaaya francis schwarz chikilsicha maram kondu nirmmicha ronhaimarinte vayalinsil onnu, 180 ll 90 vottum mikacha toninaayi nedi, athesamayam stradivarius 39 vottumaayi randaam sthaanathethi. bhooribhaagam shrothaakkalum (113) vijayicha vayalin stridivarius ennu thettayi thiricharinju. samskaricha maratthinte vishakalanam shabdathinte vegathayil thaarathamyena cheria maattavum kandethi. eee vishakalanam anusarichu, chikitsa shabda vikirana anupatham mechappeduthunnu, uyarnna anurananm ullathayi kanakkaakkappedunna thanutha-kalavastha maratthinte nilavaaratthilekku.
puthiyathum pazhayathumaya vayalin kalikkaarkkidayil kalikkaarude mungananakal" enna padanatthil prasidheekaricha 2012-leeii oru eratta-andha parisodhanayil, vidagdha kalikkaarkku oru cheria muriyil kurachu samayam vaayikkunnathiloode pazhayathum puthiyathumaaya upakaranangale verthirichariyaan kazhinjilla. oru kacheri haalil avatharippicha oru adhika parisodhanayil, oru stradivarius vayalin aadyam sthaapichu, ennaal pankedutthavaril oraal paranju, "kacheri haalile prekshakar adisthaanaparamaayi oro jody thirichulla upakarana thaarathamyathilum eathu upakaranangalaan mikachathennu samshayikkunnu", "enikku upakaranagalil cheria vyathyaasangal parayaan kazhiyum... ennaal mothatthil avarellam mikachavaraayirunnu. avaril aarum mattullavare apekshichu valare durbalaraayi thonniyilla."aadhunika vayalin mikacha shabda-vahikkunna gunangalullathayi vilayiruthappedukayum 2017-leeii oru padanatthil veendum munganana nalkukayum cheythu.
lokothara solovaadikalaaya palarum antonio stradiwari vayalin vaayikkumbol, sradheyamaaya apavaadangalundu. udaaharanathinu, kristhyan tetslaaf munbu "valare prashasthamaaya oru stroad" vaayikkunnundenkilum 2002 ll stephaan-peettar greener nirmmicha vayalin upayogichu. thante upakaranam aadhunikamaanennu shrothaakkalkk parayaan kazhiyillennum athu baachinu mikachathaanennum "valia romaantik, irupathaam noottaandile kacherikalkku" oru stradiveriyasinekkaal mikachathaanennum addeham parayunnu."
sidhaanthangalum punarulpadana sramangalum.
ettavum mikacha sthradivaarikalkku savisheshamaaya menmayundennu chilar vaadikkunnu. eee gunangal vishadeekarikkaanulla vividha sramangal nadathiyittundu, mikka phalangalum paraajayappedukayo anishchithathvathilaakuko cheiyunnu. noottaandukalaayi, pazhaya cathedralukalil ninnaan maram rakshikkappettathenna avakaashavaadam ulppede niravadhi sidhaanthangal avatharippikkukayum thallikkalayukayum cheythittundu.
1645 muthal 1750 vareyulla cheria manjukaalathe aagola thaazhnna thaapanilayude samayat, europiludaneelamulla thanutha thaapanila marangalude valarchaye mandagathiyilaakkukayum asaadhaaranamaaya idathoornna marangalkk kaaranamaakukayum cheythathayi vishwasikkappedunna kuranja sourorjja pravartthanavumaayi bandhapetta oru cheria manjukaalathe vrukshangalude valarchaye kooduthal aadhunika sidhaantham attribute cheiyunnu. eee "cheria himayuga sidhaanthathinu" kooduthal thelivukal varunnath sthradivaariyude upakaranagalil upayogikkunna maratthile idathoornna valarchaa valayangalekkurichulla lalithamaaya parisodhanayil ninnaan. rund gaveshakar-yooniversitti oof tennessi trea-ring shaasthranjanaaya henry grissino-mayer, columbia yooniversitti climatologistaaya lloyd burkle ennivar "dendrocronologia" enna jenalil vardhichuvarunna thadi saandrathayekkurichulla sidhaanthathe pinthunaykkunna avarude nigamanangal prasidheekarichu.
2008-ll netherlandsile lyden yooniversitti medical sentarile gaveshakar eee upakaranangalude uyarnna nilavaarathinu thadi saandrata kaaranamaanennu kooduthal thelivukal prakhyaapichu. ex-reey upayogichu vayalin parishodhicha sesham, eee vayalinmaarkkellam valare sthirathayulla saandrathayundennum eee maram uthppaadippikkunna marangalude prathyaksha valarchaa reethikalil thaarathamyena kuranja vyathyaasamundennum gaveshakar kandethi.
vadakkan croatiayile vanangalil ninnaan maple maram upayogichirunnathu ennathaanu mattoru saadhyamaaya vishadeekaranam. kadinamaaya croatian shaithyakaalam moolamundaakunna mandagathiyilulla valarchayude falamaayundaakunna angeyattatthe saandrathaykku eee thadi ariyappedunnu. akkaalathe veneeshyan vyaapaarikalaanu croatian maram vyapaaram cheythirunnathu, innum praadeshika loothiyarmaarum karakaushala vidagtharum sangeetha upakaranangalkkayi ithu upayogikkunnu.
chila gaveshanangal soochippikkunnathu aaa divasam upayogichirunna maram samrakshanavasthukkal anuranana gunangalkk kaaranamaakunnu ennaanu. vayalinte shabdam mechappeduthunna vaividhyamaarnna rasavasthukkal undenna vishwaasam thanikk ellaayppozhum undennu joseph nagiwari velippeduthunnu. 2009ll renald gillemett, clifford spiegelman ennivarumaayi chernnu nadatthiya oru padanatthil, nagiwari oru stradivarius vayalinil ninnu shaavingukal nedukayum avaa parisodhikkukayum cheythu, vishakalanam soochippikkunnathu avayil borax, fluorideukal, chromium, irumbu lavanangal enniva adangiyirikkunnu ennaanu."maratthinte gadakamaaya trachayidukalkkidayila sushirangalile filter plettukal cheenjupoyittundenna nilayil, orupakshe stradivarius upayogikkunnathinu munbu maram venees thadaakathil vellathilo vellathilo sookshichirikkumbol, maram alppam shayikkunnathaayum addeham kandethi.
radiologistaaya steevan sir, "betts" ennariyappedunna oru stradivaariyude sidi scan nadatthaan gaveshakarumaayi pravarthichu. upayogichirunna marangalude vyathyastha saandrata sambandhicha vivarangal pinneedu oru punarulpadana upakaranam srishtikkaan upayogichu.
upakaranangal.
ekadesham 650 yadhaartha sthradiwari upakaranangal (veena, gitaar, violas, cellos, vayalin) maathrame nilanilkkunnulloovenkum, aayirakkanakkin vayalin sthradivaarikku adaranjali arppikkunnathinaayi nirmmichittundu, addehathinte model pakartthukayum "sthradivaariyas" ennu vaayikkunna labelukal vahikkukayum cheiyunnu. oru stradivarius labelinte saannidhyam upakaranam oru yadhaartha srishtiyaanennu sthireekarikkunnilla.
shabda samrakshanam.
newyork timesil" 2019-leeii oru lekhanam anusarichu, italiyile crimona nagaratthile museo dell violino stradivarius upakaranangalude shabdam samrakshikkunnathinaayi oru supradhana padhathi ettedukkunnu. 2019 januvariyil, naalu sangeethanjjar rund vayalin, oru vayola, oru cello enniva ulppaadippikkunna shabdangal pradarshippikkunnathinaayin vividha saankethikavidyakalil vipulamaaya skeyilukalum arpejiyos record cheyyum. stradivarius soundu baank" ennariyappedunna eee recordingukal, bhaavi thalamurakale stradivarius upakaranangal kelkkaan anuvadikkunna museo dell vayalinoyile oru sthiramaaya shekharathinte bhagamaayirikkum. eee recordingukal sugamamaakkunnathin, "nagara mayer gianlooka galimberty pettennullathum anaavasyavumaaya shabdangal ozhivakkaan crimonayile pouranmaarodu abhyarthichu."

