
puerto recoyile saamskaarika vaividhyam

puerto recoyile hyspanic ithara saamskaarika vaividhyavum puerto rican samskaarathinte adisthaana aditharayum pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil spanish, tyno, aafrikkan samskaarangalude mishrithathodeyaanu aarambhichath. pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, corsica, france, jarmmani, ireland thudangiya hyspanic ithara rajyangalil ninnulla noorukanakkinu kudumbangalude varavode puerto rican samskaaram kooduthal vaividhyavalkkarikkappettu. oru paridhivare lebanon, chaina, porchugal, scotland ennividangalil ninnaan mattu kudiyettakkaar vannath.
randaam vyaavasaayika viplavathinte varavum europile vyapakamaaya vilanashavum puerto recoyilekkulla hyspanic ithara kudumbangalude kudiyettatthinu kaaranamaaya gadakangalil ulppedunnu. ithellaam, collara pakarchavyaadhiyude vyaapanavum, padinjaaran ardhagolathile speyininte avasaanathe rund kolanikalaaya puerto rico, cuba ennividangalile spanish prajakalkkidayil swaathanthryathinaayulla aagraham vardhichukondirunna samayathaan.
thalphalamaayi, nikuthi adaykkaanum catholica sabhaye pinthunaykkunnathu thudaraanum sammathichuvenkil, europian catholicarc dveepinte ulbhaagathu bhoomi vihithathode dveepil sthirathaamasamaakkaan anuvadicha "riyal sedula dii gratius dii 1815" (1815 leeii rajakeeya kalppana) sthaapikkunnathiloode spanish kireedam elavukal nalki. 1870-ll spanish kodathikal catholica mathamallathe mattoru mathathe aaradhikkaan aagrahikkunna ellaavarkkum mathaswaathanthryathinulla avakasham nalkunna niyamamaya "acta dii culto contisionado" (vyavasthaapitha aradhana niyamam) pasaki.
puerto recoyil avar praadeshika achaarangal sweekarikkukayum pradeshavaasikalumaayi parasparam vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. samskaarangalude vaividhyavalkkaranathinte anantharafalangalilonnu niravadhi puerto reconmaarum puerto rican vamshajaraaya hyspanic ithara kudumbapperukalulla aalukalum undu ennathaanu. puerto rican kudumbapperukal speyinil ninnulavayil maathram parimithappedunnilla. puerto rickens saadhaaranayaayi avarude pithaavinteyum maathaavinteyum kudumbapperukal upayogikkunnu. athinaal hyspanic ithara kudumbapperum hyspanic kudumbapperum ulla oraale kandethunnathu asaadhaaranamalla. raamon power vaii jiralt, demetrio oo 'dally vaii pyoonte ennivayaanu rund udaaharanagal. eee puerto rickenmark randuperkkum avarude pithaavinte airish kudumbapperum ammayude spanish kudumbapperum undu.
mahaamaandyam, randaam lokamahaayudham thudangiya mattu gadakangal puerto rikkanmaarude american aikyanaadukalile pradhana bhoopradeshathekkulla valia kudiyettatthinu kaaranamaayi. pala puerto reconmaarum hyspanic itharare vivaham kazhikkukayum puerto rican vamshajaraaya kuttikal hyspanic ithara kudumbapperukal alekhanam cheyyukayum cheythu.
2007 muthal, puerto rico sarkkar puerto recoyil janicha arcum allengil puerto recoic purathu janicha arcum puerto recoyil janicha maathaapithaakkaliloraalkke "puerto rican pourathwa certificattukal" nalkunnundu. puerto rican pourathvam aadyam 1900 leeii forekar aaktinte article 7 ll yunaittad stetts kongras niyamanirmmikkukayum pinneedu puerto recoyude bharanaghadanayil amgeekarikkukayum cheythu. yuu. esinu munbu puerto rican pourathvam nilavilundaayirunnu.ezz. puerto rico dveepukal ettedukkukayum pinneedu thudarukayum cheythu.
samgeetham, kala, saahityam, bhasha, paachakareeti, matham, paithrikam ennivaykku hyspanics itharar nalkia sambhavanakal aadhunika puerto rican samskaarathinte vikasanathil nirnaayakamaayirunnu. hyspanic, hyspanic ithara kudiyetta samskaarangalude misritham dveepinte rashtreeya, vaanijya, mathaparamaya gadanakalil prakadamaanu.
aadyathe kudiyettakkaar.
europil ninnu puerto recoyilethia aadya aalukal spanish kankvistadorukalaanu. akkaalat borican ennu vilikkappedunna dveepil tyno amerindian vamshajar vasichirunnu. kanverso" ennum ariyappedunna niravadhi juthanmaar spanish samghathile amgangalaayi puerto recoyil ethi. puerto recoyil ethi sthirathaamasamaakkiya joothanmaare "kriptto-juthanmaar" allengil "rahasya juthanmaar" ennu vilichirunnu. kriptto juthanmaar puerto rico dveepil athiyappol, mathaparamaya parisodhana ozhivaakkaamenn avar pratheekshichirunnuvena anweshanam kolanikkaare pinthudarnnu. puerto recoyile "noow rotta" allengil mathaparamaya kodathi anweshana samgham nilanirtthi. ennirunnaalum, mathavirudhare ezhuthukayum aavashyamenkil spainilo padinjaaran ardhagolathile mattevideyengilum praadeshika anweshana tribunalukalilekku ayaykkukayum cheythu. thalphalamaayi, niravadhi rahasya juthanmaar saan juvaanile kendreekritha adhikara kendrangalil ninnu valare akale dveepinte vidoora parvathapradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum shaanthamaaya jeevitam nayikkukayum cheythu. avar kriptto-judaism aacharichu, athaayath avar parasyamaayi roman catholica vishwaasikalennu avakaashappedumbol rahasyamaayi judaism aacharichu.
pala spanish pouranmaarum tyno sthreekalumaayi vivahitharaayi, tyno samskaarathinte bhooribhaagavum spanish samskaaravumaayi kalarnnirunnu. innu pala puerto rikkakkaarum bhashaaparamaaya savisheshathakal, kaarshika reethikal, bhakshanareethikal, vaidyashaasthram, malsyabandhana reethikal, saankethikavidya, vaasthuvidya, vaakkalulla charithram, mathaparamaya kaazhchappaadukal enniva nilanirthunnu. niravadhi tyno paarambaryangalum aachaarangalum aachaarangalum thudarnnu. spaaniyaardukal tainokale (dveepile thaddesheeya nivaasikal) adimakalaakki, avaril palarum spaaniyaardukalude adichamarthal kolanivalkkarana shramangalude falamaayi marichu. thangalude khanana, kotta nirmmaana pravarthanangalkkaayi adimathathe aasrayikkunna speyinile rajakeeya sarkkaarin ithu oru prashnam srishtichu. speyininte "pariharam": vestt-aafrikkan adimakale irakkumathi cheyyuka. adimakale catholica sabha jnjaanasnaanappeduthukayum avarude udamakalude kudumbapperu sweekarikkukayum cheythu.
1570 aayappozhekkum swarnna khanikal vilayeriya lohangal theernnathaayi prakhyapikkappettu. dveepil swarnna khananam avasaanichathinusesham, spanish kireedam padinjaaran shipping roottukal vadakkott maatti puerto rico marikadannu. sambannamaaya kolanikalkko avayil ninno pookunna kappalukalkkulla oru kavalsenayayi eee dweep praadhamikamaayi maari.
aafrikkakkaar.
aafrikkan swathanthraraaya purushanmaar adhinivesha spanish vijayikale anugamichu. spaaniyaardukal tainokale (dveepile thaddesheeya nivaasikal) adimakalaakki, avaril palarum spaaniyaardukalude adichamarthal kolanivalkkarana shramangalude falamaayi marichu. thangalude khanana, kotta nirmmaana pravarthanangalkkaayi adimathathe aasrayikkunna speyinile rajakeeya sarkkaarin ithu oru prashnam srishtichu. speyininte "pariharam": vestt-aafrikkan adimakale irakkumathi cheyyuka. thalphalamaayi, puerto recoyilethia bhooribhaagam aafrikkan janathayum aafrikkan bhookhandathile vividha samoohangalil ninnulla adimakkachavadathinte falamaayaanu angane cheythath.
1664-leeii oru spanish saasanam jamaikka, sent thudangiya spanish ithara kolanikalil ninnulla aafrikkan janathaykku swaathanthryavum bhoomiyum vaagdaanam cheythu. puerto recoylake kudiyeriya dominic (haitti) puerto rican garrisonineyum athinte kottakaleyum pinthunaykkunnathinaayi oru janasamkhyaa adithara nalki. dveepinte padinjaaran, thekkan bhaagangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiya aaa swatantrar taamasiyaathe spaaniyaardukalude reethikalum aachaarangalum sweekarichu. chilar praadeshika millisiayil chernnu, avar dveepine akramikkunnathinulla niravadhi sramangalil briteeshukaarodu poraadi. rakshapetta aafrikkan adimakal avarude muun yajamaananmaarude kudumbapperukal nilanirtthi; vestt indeesil ninnu kudiyeriya swatantra africakkaarkkum aaa kolanikkaaril ninnulla europian kudumbapperukal undaayirunnu. atharam kudumbapperukal britiish allengil franch aayirunnu. athinaal, aafrikkan vamshajaraaya puerto rickenmark spanish ithara kudumbapperukal undaayirikkunnathu saadhaaranamaayirunnu.
muun aafrikkan adimakalude pingaamikal puerto recoyude rashtreeya, saambathika, saamskaarika gadanayude vikasanathil pradhana punk vahichu. avar niravadhi thadassangal marikadakkukayum dveepinte vinodam, kaayikam, saahityam, shaasthra sthaapanangal ennivaykku nalkia sambhaavanakaliloode avarude saannidhyam anubhavikkukayum cheythu. avarude sambhaavanakalum paithrukavum innum puerto recoyude kala, samgeetham, paachakareeti, dainamdina jeevithathile mathavishwaasangal ennivayil anubhavikkan kazhiyum. puerto recoyil, march 22 "nirmarjana dinam" ennariyappedunnu, dveepil thamasikkunnavar aaghoshikkunna oru avadhidinamaanithu.
airish.
16 muthal 19-aamm noottaand vare niravadhi kaaranangalal puerto recoylake ganyamaaya airish kudiyettam undaayirunnu. pathinaram noottaandil "wilde gees" ennariyappettirunna niravadhi irishmaar engleesh sainyathil ninnu palayanam cheyth spanish sainyathil chernnu. eee purushanmaaril chilar puerto recoyil nilayurappikkukayum speyinilekkulla avarude sainika sevanam poortthiyaaya sesham avide thudarukayum cheythu. pathinettaam noottaandil feeld marshell alejandro oo 'railey, kenal tomas oo' dally ennivare thalasthaanatthinte kottakal naveekarikkaan dveepilekku ayachu.."1769-ll colonial louisianayude govarnoraayi oo 'railey pinneedu niyamikkappedukayum avide addeham" "bloody oo' railey" "ennariyappedukayum cheythu".
puerto rican samskaarathin nalkia sambhavanakal innu prakadamaaya oo 'neel kudumbatthile amgangalil raashtreeyakkaaranum meyarumaaya hector oo' neel, adhyapikayum ezhuthukaariyum vanita avakaashangalude vakthavumaaya anaa maria oo 'neel ennivar ulppedunnu. oru kalakariyum lithographer professorumaaya maria dii mettar oo 'neel.
franchukaar.
louisiana (yuu. ezz. eiii), sent domingue (haitti) thudangiya sthalangalile saambathikavum raashtreeyavumaaya saahacharyangalude falamaayaanu puerto recoyilekkulla franch kudiyettam aarambhichath. ezhu varshathe yuddham (aii. dii. 1) ennum ariyappedunna franch, indian yuddham pottippurappettappol, grettu brittan raajyavum fraansinethiraaya vadakke american kolanikalum thammil, franch kudiyettakkaaril palarum puerto recoylake palayanam cheythu. 1791leeii seyint-domingue (haitti) prakshobhatthil, adimakale svayam niyamithanaaya general tussaint lauvercharinte neethrthwathil oru sainyamaayi samghadippikkukayum franchukaarkkethire kalapam nadathukayum cheythu. 1803-leeii vertiers yudhathinusheshamaanu adimakalude aathyanthika vijayam. franchukaar saanto domingoilekku palayanam cheyth puerto recoylake pooyi. avide orikkal, avar dveepinte padinjaaran mekhalayil mayagues polulla pattanangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. thangalude vaidagdhyathode, dveepile panchasaara vyavasaayam vikasippikkaan avar sahayichu, panchasaara kayattumathiyil puerto rico oru lokanethaavaayi maatti. fraansinte pradhana bhoopradeshathu ninnum athinte pradeshangalile puerto recoyilekkulla franch kudiyettam ettavum kooduthalaayirunnu, spanish kudiyettakkaarkku sesham randaamathethu, innu dhaaraalam puerto rickenmark franch vamshaparambara avakashappedaan kazhiyum; dveepile kudumbapperukalil 16 sathamaanavum franch allengil franch-corsican aanu.
puerto rican samskaarathil avarude swaadheenam valare kooduthalaanu, dveepinte paachakareethikal, saahityam, kalakal ennivayil ithu thelivaanu. franch vamshajaraaya puerto rikkanmaraaya maanuval gregorio taverous, nila vientos gaasttan, fermin tangues ennivarude sambhavanakal samgeetham, vidyaabhyaasam, shaasthram ennee mekhalakalil kandethaamenkilum avayil maathram parimithappedunnilla.
1815 leeii rajakeeya kalppana.
1825 aayappozhekkum cuba puerto rico ozhikeyulla amerikkayile ellah pradeshangalum spanish saamraajyathin nashtappettu. ennirunnaalum, 1808-ll swaathanthrya anukoola prasthaanangal roopeekarichathumuthal eee rund swathukkalum kooduthal svayambharanaadhikaaram aavasyappedukayaayirunnu. sheshikkunna rund caribean pradeshangal nashtappedumennu thiricharinja spanish kireedam 1815-leeii rajakeeya kalpanaye punarujjeevippichu.
puthiya kudiyettakkaarude varavode swaathanthryasamarangalkk avarude janapreethy shakthiyum nashtappedumenna pratheekshayode spanish, engleesh, franch ennee moonnu bhashakalil achadicha utharavu spanish ithara vamshajaraaya yooropyanmaare aakarshikkan uddeshichullathaanu.
spanish rajakeeya kalppana prakaram, kudiyettakkaarkku bhoomi nalkukayum spanish kireedatthodulla vishwasthathayum catholica sabhayodulla vishwasthathayum sathyaprathinja cheytha sesham thudakkathil oru "adhivasa kathu" nalkukayum cheythu. anchu varshathinusesham avarkk spanish vishayangalaakkunna oru "swaabhaavikavalkkarana kathu" abhyarthikkaan kazhiyum. rajakeeya utharavu, hyspanic ithara europianmaarkku vendiyaayirunnu, eshyakkaarkko kristhyaanikalallaatha aalukalko vendiyalla.
1897-ll spanish courtus puerto recoic dveepinte paramadhikaaravum svayambharanathinulla avakashavum amgeekaricha svayambharana charter nalki. 1898 eprilode aadyathe puerto rican niyamanirmmanasabha thiranjedukkappedukayum oordar cheyyaan vilikkukayum cheythu.
shaamam.
pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathilum pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathilum europil niravadhi saambathikavum raashtreeyavumaaya mattangal sambhavichu. noorukanakkinu karshaka thozhilaallikal kaarshikamekhalayile jolie upekshichu randaam vyaavasaayikaviplavathinte varavode mikacha shambalamulla jolie thedi valia nagarangalilekku thamasam maari. kaalara pakarchavyaadhi, 1840-kalile irelandile valia shaamathinu kaaranamaaya deerghakaala varalcha, urulakkizhangu fungus ennivayil ninnulla vyapakamaaya vilanaashathinte anantharafalangal thudangiya rogangal pinnil thaamasikkukayum avarude krishiyidangalil pankedukkukayum cheythavar anubhavichu. europil pattini vyaapakamaayirunnu. irelandil shaamam oru dashalakshathiladhikam airish aalukale kollukayum ekadesham rund dasalaksham abhayaarthikale srishtikkukayum cheythu.
korsikkaanukal.
puerto rico dweep bhoomishaasthrathil corsica dveepumaayi valare saamyamullathaan, athinaal oru "puthiya" jeevitam aarambikkaan aagrahikkunna niravadhi korsikkaanukale aakarshichu. 1830 muthal noorukanakkinu korsikkaanukalum avarude kudumbangalum puerto recoylake kudiyerukayum 1900 kalude thudakkathil avarude ennam uyarukayum cheythu. aadyathe spanish kudiyettakkaar theerapradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum bhoomi svanthamaakkukayum cheythu, korsikkaanukal dveepinte parvathanirakalaaya thekkupadinjaaran pradeshathu, pradhaanamaayum adjundas, laaras, uttuwado, poons, coomoo, yoko, gwayaanilla, gwanika ennee pattanangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. ennirunnaalum, sambannamaaya kaarshika mekhala corsican kudiyettakkaaril bhooribhaagatheyum aakarshichathu yoko aayirunnu. kaappi, karimbu, pukayila ennivayaayirunnu yukoyile moonnu pradhana vilakal. puthiya kudiyettakkaar eee vilakalude krishikkaayi svayam samarppikkukayum churungiya samayathinullil chilarkk svanthamaayi palacharakk kadakal swanthamaakkaanum pravarthippikkaanum polum kazhiyukayum cheythu. ennirunnaalum, kaappi payar krishi cheythaanu avarkk avarude bhagyam labhikkuka. corsican kudiyettakkaarude pingaamikal vidyaabhyaasam, saahityam, pathrapravarthanam, raashtreeyam ennee mekhalakalilum swaadheenamullavaraayi maarendathaayirunnu.
innu yoko pattanam "corsican taunn", "coffey taunn" ennee perukalil ariyappedunnu. sii 19 ll njangalude graamatthil veroonniya, avarude paarambaryangal upayogichu nammude samskaarathe sambannamaakkukayum avarude samarppita pravartthanatthiloode nammude purogathiye sahayikkukayum cheytha corsican vamshajanaaya fraansile nammude pouranmaarude oormmaykkaayi-yaukko munisippaalitti avarkk adaranjali arppikkunnu" enna likhithathodukoodiya oru smaarakam youkkoyil undu."puerto recoyude corsican ghadakam valare thelivaanu, pavoli, neegroni, fraastakelli thudangiya corsican kudumbapperukal saadhaaranamaanu.
jarmmankaar.
pathonpathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil curesavoyil ninnum austriyayil ninnum jarmman kudiyettakkaar puerto recoyilethi. eee aadyakaala jarmman kudiyettakkaaril palarum theeradesha pattanangalaya fajardo, aroyo, poons, mayagues, cabo rojo, agwadilla ennividangalil warehouseukalum bisinessukalum sthaapichu. kaappi, panchasaara, pukayila thudangiya uthppannangalkkayi jarmmani kooduthalum grettu brittaneyaan aashrayichirunnath ennathaanu eee bisinasukaaran dveepil svayam sthaapikkaanulla oru kaaranam. ivayudeyum mattu charakkukaludeyum kayattumathiykkum irakkumathikkum samarppichirikkunna bisinasukal sthaapikkunnathiloode germmanic englandinu uyarnna tarif nalkendivannilla. kudiyettakkaarellaam bisinasukaraayirunnilla-chilar adhyaapakarum karshakarum vidagdha thozhilaalikalumaayirunnu.
germmaniyil, 1848-leeii europian viplavangal jarmman samsthaanangalil pottippurappedukayum ithu frankfurt paarlamentilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. aathyanthikamayi, ahimsaathmakamaaya "viplavam" parajayappettu. niraashayode, niravadhi jarmmankaar amerikkayilekkum naalppat-aittezhs ennu vilikkappedunna puerto recoyilekkum kudiyeri. ivayil bhooribhaagavum alsays-loraine, badden, hesse, rainland, wurtemberg ennividangalil ninnaan vannath. jarmman kudiyettakkaarkku theerapradeshangalil sthirathaamasamaakkaanum fajardo, aroyo, poons, mayagues, cabo rojo, agwadilla thudangiya pattanangalil avarude bisinesses sthaapikkaanum kazhinju. spanish rajakeeya utharavinte nibandhanakal prakaram swatantra bhoomi pratheekshichavar dveepinte madhyaparvatha pradeshangalil adjundas, ibonito, siales thudangiya pattanangalil sthirathaamasamaakki. avar kaarshika mekhalayil upajeevanam nadathukayum chila sandarbhangalil karimbu thottangalude udamakalaayitheerukayum cheythu. mattullavar malsyabandhana vyavasaayathinaayi svayam samarppichu.
1870-ll spanish kodathikal catholica mathamallathe mattoru mathathe aaradhikkaan aagrahikkunna ellaavarkkum mathaswaathanthryathinulla avakasham nalkunna niyamamaya acta dii culto contisionado (vyavasthaapitha aradhana niyamam) pasaki. 1872ll ponsil jarmman, engleesh kudiyettakkaraanu igleshya santisima trinidad enna engleesh palli sthaapichathu.
irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil, aadyathe jarmman kudiyettakkaarude pingaamikalil palarum vijayakaramaya bisinasukaarum adhyaapakarum shaasthranjarum aayitheerukayum puerto recoyude television vyavasaayathinte thudakkakkaaril oralaayi maarukayum cheythu. puerto recoyil jarmman kudiyettakkaar sthaapicha vijayakaramaya bisinasukalil muellenhoff & corber, fraitt, lund & qoo ennivayundaayirunnu., maiks mayer & qoo. koodaathe federsen willenk & qoo. corber group ink. puerto recoyude ettavum valia parasya ejansikalilonnu sthaapichathu vilyam corberinte pingaamikalaan.
chainees.
1882 meyy 6 nuu american aikyanaadukal chainees exclusion act paasaakkiyappol, amerikkayile niravadhi chainakkar puerto rico, cuba, mattu laattin american rajyangal ennividangalilekku palayanam cheythu. avar cheria edangal sthaapikkukayum restorantukalilum alakkalsaalakalilum jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. chainees kudiyettam nirtthivacha yunaittad stetts federal niyamamaayirunnu chainees exclusion act. spanish-american yudhathinushesham, 1898 leeii paarees udambadi prakaram sthaapithamaaya vyavasthakalkku keezhil spain puerto rico americaykku kaimari. amerikkayile chainees thozhilaallikalkk puerto recoylake pookaan anuvaadam nalki. chilar dveepile panchasaara vyavasaayathil jolie cheythirunnuvenkilum bhooribhaagavum puerto recoyude adisthaana soukaryangalum reyil samvidaanangalum punarnirmmikkunnathil pravarthichu. puerto recoyile niravadhi thozhilaallikal dveepil sthirathaamasamaakkaan theerumaanichu.
vividha bisinasukalkku "loss chinos" (chainees) ennum mounaabo pattanatthile oru thaazhvaraye puerto rico "kwebrada loss chinos" (chainees stream) ennum vilikkunnu. tibattan budhamatham pinthudarunna padmasambhava budhamatha kendrathinu puerto recoyil oru shaakhayundu.
spanish-american yudhathinu sheshamulla kaalam.
1898-leeii spanish-american yudhathinte avasaanathil spain puerto rico americaykku kaimari. eathaandu udan thanne, america puerto recoyude "americanisation" prakriya aarambhichu. yuu.ezz. puerto recoyude sambadvyavasthayilum raashtreeyathilum samboornna maattam kaivashappedutthal konduvannu. dveepinte "americanisation" prakriya puerto rikkanmaarude rashtreeya, vaanijya, sainika, kaayika samskaarathil pettennulla swaadheenam chelutthi. pathinettaam noottaandil englandil ninnu uthbhavichathum pinneedu amerikkayil vikasippichathumaya baseball, amerikkayil eee kaayika vinodam padicha oru koottam puerto reconmaarum cubecar chernnaanu dveepil avatharippichathu. thangalude parisheelanatthinte bhaagamaayi geyimukal samghadippicha american sainikarum eee kaayika vinodam kalichirunnu. adhinivesha sainika senakal porto rickenmaare boxing, basketball kaayika inangalumaayi parichayappedutthi.
puerto recoyile sainika thaavalangalil niyogikkappetta niravadhi hyspanic ithara sainikar dveepil thamasikkaanum thamasikkaanum thiranjedukkunnu. amerikkayil adutha vamseeya samoohangalil sthirathaamasamaakkiya avarude athiraalikalil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, eee aalukal puerto rikkanmaarumaayi parasparam vivaham kazhikkukayum dveepinte bhashayum aachaarangalum sweekarikkukayum athuvazhi avarude puthiya maathrraajyathinte samoohavumaayi svayam poornnamaayum samyojippikkukayum cheythu.
juthanmaar.
puerto recoyil ethi sthirathaamasamaakkiya aadyathe juthanmaar "kriptto-juthanmaar" allengil "rahasya juthanmaar" aayirunnengilum, spanish-american yudhathinu sesham vare jootha samooham dveepil abhivridhi praapichilla. puerto recoyile sainika thaavalangalil jootha-american sainikare niyamikkukayum palarum dveepil thamasikkaanum thamasikkaanum theerumaanikkukayum cheythu. 1930kalil naasi adhinivesha europil ninnulla abhayaarthikalaayi dhaaraalam jootha kudiyettakkaar puerto recoyil ethaan thudangi. bhooribhaagavum dveepinte thalasthaanamaaya saan juvaanil sthirathaamasamaakki, avide 1942 ll avar puerto recoyude aadyathe jootha community sentar sthaapichu. caribean mekhalayile ettavum valuthum sambannavumaaya joothasamoohathinte aasthaanamaaya puerto recoyil ekadesham 3,000 jootha nivaasikalund. puerto rican juthanmaar puerto rican jeevithareethiykk niravadhi sambhavanakal nalkiyittundu. avarude sambhavanakal vidyaabhyaasam, vaanijyam, vinodam ennee mekhalakalil kandethaamenkilum avayil maathram parimithappedunnilla. supermercados pueblo (pueblo soopparmaarkkattukal), almassense cress (vasthra store), doral baank, pittoosa, mii salve ennivayaanu avar sthaapicha niravadhi vijayakaramaya bisinasukal.
cuban viplavam.
1959leeii cuban viplavam dveepilekkulla chainees, jootha kudiyettatthe swaadheenichu. 1959ll phidal kaastroyude neethrthwathilulla cuban viplavathethudarnnu aayirakkanakkin bisinesses chinthagathikkaaraaya chainakkar cubayil ninnu palayanam cheythu. communist viplavathinte falangalilonnu, samsthaanam swakaarya swath ettedukkukayum swakaarya udamasthathayilulla ellah bisinessukalum desasaalkkarikkukayum cheythu ennathaanu. cuban chainakkaril bhooribhaagavum videshathekku palayanam cheyyukayum avaril palarum sthirathaamasamaakkiya sthalangalil puerto rico, miyami, newyork enniva ulppedunnu. koodaathe, cubayile 15,000 joothanmaaril mikkavarum ellaavarum naadukadatthappettu. avaril bhooribhaagavum miyami, puerto rico ennividangalilekkum palayanam cheythu.
puerto rican amerikkayilekkulla kudiyettam.
1898leeii paarees udambadiyude nibandhanakal prakaram puerto rico americaykku kaimarunnathinu munbu puerto rickenmar spanish pouranmaaraayirunnu. puerto rico vittukoduthathinusesham avar puerto recoyile pouranmaaraayi. 1917 nuu munbu, yuu.ezz. kongras johns-shafrot niyamam pasaki, ithu puerto recancinu yuu nalki.ezz. pourathvam. newyorkkilekku marria puerto rickenmaare kudiyettakkaaraayi kanakkaakkiyirunnu. pinneedu niravadhi gadakangal sambhavana cheyyukayum newyorkkilekkulla puerto rikkanmaarude "mahathaaya kudiyettam" ennariyappedunnathilekku nayikkukayum cheythu. mahaamaandyam, randaam lokamahaayudham, vimana yaathrayude varavu ennivayaayirunnu avaa.
lokamembaadum vyaapicha mahaamaandyam puerto rico baadhichu. dveepinte sambadvyavastha americaye aasrayikkukayum ippozhum aasrayikkukayum cheiyunnathinaal, american baankukaludeyum vyavasaayangaludeyum parajayam dveepil shakthamayi anubhavapettu. athinte falamaayi thozhilillaayma vardhikkukayum niravadhi kudumbangal yuu. esilekku palayanam cheyyukayum cheythu.ezz. thozhil thedi pradhana bhoopradesam.
randaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathode kudiyettakkaarkku niravadhi thozhilavasarangal thurannu. kaaranam yuu. esile purusha janasamkhyayude valiyoru bhagam.ezz. yudhathilekku ayaykkappettappol aalukal avar upekshichupoya jolikal niraykkendathu pettennundaayirunnu. puerto rican purushanmaarum sthreekalum faaktarikalilum kappal thuramukhangalilum jolie kandethi, aabhyantharavum yudhaparavumaaya saadhanangal uthppaadippichu.
vimana yaathrayude varavu puerto rickecark thaangavunnathum vegathayeriyathumaaya newyorkkilekkulla yaathraamaargam nalki. oduvil chila puerto rickenmar american aikyanaadukale thangalude vaasasthalamaayi sweekarikkukayum hyspanic ithararumaayi vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. avarude kuttikal puerto rican vamshajaraayirunnu, avar hyspanic ithara kudumbapperukal alekhanam cheythittundu.
hyspanic ithara kudumbapperukalulla puerto ricans.
hyspanic ithara rajyangalil ninnulla kudiyettakkaar puerto recoyil srishticha saamskaarika swaadheenam pala puerto rikkanmaarudeyum puerto rican vamshajaraaya aalukaludeyum hyspanic ithara kudumbapperukalil (pithruthulyamo maathriswamo aakatte) vyakthamaan. thaazhepparayunna pattika puerto reconmarudeyo hyspanic ithara kudumbapperukalulla puerto rican vamshajaraaya aalukaludeyo maathramaan, koodaathe pattikappedutthiya vyakthiyude vamsheeyathaye prathifalippikkaan uddeshichullathalla. amerikkayil janicha puerto rican vamsajarum puerto rico thangalude maathrraajyamaayi sweekaricha purushanmaarum sthreekalum eee pattikayil ulppedunnu.
chainees uthbhavam
corsican-itaaliyan uthbhavam
check uthbhavam
franch uthbhavam 
jarmman uthbhavam 
airish-engleesh-scotish uthbhavam 
jootha uthbhavam
lebanese uthbhavam

