oru american ashayakkuzhappam

1944ll sweedish saambathika shaasthranjanaaya gunnar mirdall rachichu newyorkkile karnegi korppareshan dhanasahayam nalki nadatthiya vamseeya bandhangalekkurichulla padanamaanu aan american dimblum dhii neegro prablavum moden democracy. oru amerikkakkaaranenna nilayil addehathinu kooduthal pakshapatharahithamaaya abhiprayam nalkaan kazhiyumennu karuthiyathinaal foundeshan mirdal thiranjedutthu. thiranjedutthu american karuthavarggakkaar neritta american samoohathil poornna pankaalithatthinulla thadassangalaayi addeham kandathenthaanenn ekadesham 1,500 pejukalulla mirdalinte vaalyam kadinamaayi vishadeekarichu. american rashtreeya shaasthranjanum nayathanthranjanum ezhuthukaaranumaaya ralph bunch-nobel sammanam nediya aadyathe aafrikkan amerikkakkaaran-1938 avasaanathode padhathiyude thudakkathil gunnar mirdalinte pradhana gaveshakan ezhuthukaaranumaayi sevanamanushtichu.
1965ll randaam pathippilekku pookunnathinumumbu ithu 100,000 koppikal vilkkukayum 25 printingukaliloode kadannupokukayum cheythu. amerikkayil vamseeya prashnangale engane veekshikkunnu ennathil ithu valareyadhikam swaadheenam chelutthi, ithu "braun vii" enna naazhikakkallil udharikkappettu. pothuvaayi vidyaabhyaasa board "cases". vamsheeyathaye janadhipathyam vijayikkumenna kaazhchappaad kanakkileduthu amerikkayile vamseeya bandhangalude bhaaviyekkurichulla kazhchappadil pusthakam pothuve anukoolamaayirunnu. vamseeya ekeekaranathinteyum kriyathmakamaaya pravartthanatthinteyum bhaavi nayangalkk athu pala tharatthil adithara paakukayum cheythu.
vishakalanam.
vellakkaar karuthavargakkaare adichamarthukayum vidyaabhyaasam, aarogyam, dhaarmikatha thudangiyavayude mosham nilavaaratthilekku nayikkukayum cheiyunna oru dushicha chakram thaan kanduvennu mirdal vishwasichu. munvidhikaludeyum vivechanathinteyum nyaayeekaranamaayi upayogichirunna karuthavarggakkaarkkidayil. eee chakratthil ninnu purathukadakkaanulla maargam, karuthavarude saahacharyangal mechappeduthunna vella munvidhikal kuraykkukayo karuthavarude saahacharyangal mechappeduthukayo cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu, athu velutha munvidhikalude kaaranagal kuraykkum. eee prakriya mirdal "cumulation thathwam" ennu vilichu.
black-vaitt relationsa dhii american dimbley" enna pusthakatthil saambathika shaasthranjanaaya junfu shang mirdaalinte kruthiyekkurichu eee vivaranam nalkunnu
1950 kalileyum 1960 kalileyum pouraavakaasha prasthaanatthinu munbu ezhuthiya mirdal, vadakkan vellakkaar neegro pouranmaar abhimukeekarikkunna saahacharyathekkurich pothuve anjaraanennu aaropikkukayum "neegro janathaykku pracharanam neduka ennathu ettavum thanthraparamaaya praadhaanyamullathaanu" ennu abhipraayappedukayum cheythu. prasthaanatthil maadhyamangalude pradhana punk kanakkiledukkumbol, ithu shradheyamaayi mundhaaranayullathaanennu thelinju.
american matham.
oru american dharmasankadam" enna mirdaalinte kruthiyude kendrabindu, amerikkayile raashtreeyavum saamoohikavumaaya edapedal oru "american matha" thiloodeyaanu roopappedunnathennu addeham abhiprayappettu. eee matham vyakthivaadam, pouraswaathanthryam, avasarasamathvam ennivayude aadarshangalkku oonnal nalkunnu. american aikyanaadukalude vaividhyamaarnna urukunna kalasham orumichu nilanirthunnathu "american mathamaan" ennu mirdall avakaashappedunnu. vellakkaar, karuthavarggakkaar, sambannar, daridrar, purushanmaar, sthreekal, kudiyettakkaar enningane ellah janangalkkum oru pothu lakshyathode nalkukayum avare oru raashtramaayi sahavarthithvathil thudaraan anuvadikkukayum cheiyunnathu eee mathathilulla pothu vishwaasamaanu.
sweekaranam.
mirdaalinte pusthakam udharikkaanulla yunaittad stetts supreme kodathiyude theerumaanam thekk parihaasathinu kaaranamaayi. udaaharanathinu, floridayile supreme kodathiyile cheef justice "braun vii" yude kaaryatthil angane prakhyaapichu. vidyaabhyaasa board, "supreme kodathi bharanaghadana, mungaamikal, saamaanyabudhi enniva upekshikkukayum scandinavian saamoohikashaasthranjanaaya gunner mirdaalinte rachanakal upayogichu maathram athinte theerumaanam shakthippeduthukayum cheythu. bharanaghadanaa niyamathekkurichu addehathinu ariyamaayirunna karyangal nammalodu parayukayo padikkukayo cheythitilla."
american maarksist charitrakaaranaaya herbert aptekar "amerikkayile neegro janangal gunnar mirdalinte" oru american dharmasankadam "enna thalakkettil oru cherupusthakam ezhuthi, eee kruthiyil" vasthuthayude niravadhi gurutharamaaya thettaaya prasthavanakal "undennum" oru thettaaya thathwachinthaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaanum "vaadichu."
1944 leeii oru avalokanathil, rashtreeya shaasthranjanaaya harrold eph. mirdaalinte pusthakatthe "mikacha saamoohika shaasthra grandham, thilakkamaarnnathum uthejakavum prakopanaparavumaanu" ennu gosnell visheshippichu."
ezhuthukaaranaaya maarkk tushnet thante pusthakamaaya naakpinte abhipraayathil pusthakatthile vivarangal aafrikkan american samoohangalkku puthiyathallenn rekhappeduthukayum athesamayam saamoohika asamathvathinum vamseeya vivechana kesukalkkumaayi raajyathin pothuvum niyamaparavumaaya samvaadam aavasyamaanennu amgeekarikkukayum cheythu.

