
budhamathavum kristhumathavum

bii. sii. 250 muthal indiayile ashoka chakravarty syria, eejipt, grease ennividangalilekku ayacha budhamatha missionarymaarumaayi budhamathavum kristhuvinu munbulla medittareniyan lokavum thammil bandhamundaayirunnu. rund mathangalum thammilulla pradhana vyathyasangalil kristhumathatthile ekadaivavaadavum kristhumathatthile daivathekkurichulla padippikkalukalkk virudhamaaya (oru srashtaavu devante nilanilppin prasakthiyillaathathu) eeshwaranallaathathilekkallu budhamathatthinte aabhimukhyam, theravaada budhamathathile karmmathil edapedal nirasikkunathinethire kristhumathatthile krupa enniva ulppedunnu.
kristhuvinu munbulla kaalaghattatthil greak, roman saamrajyangalil aacharichirunna budhamathathekkurichu chila aadyakaala kristhyaanikalkk ariyamaayirunnu. aadhunika kristheeya pandithanmaaril bhooribhaagavum yeshuvinte indiayilekko tibattilekko ulla yaathrakalude charitraparamaaya aditharaye nirasikkukayum samanthara pratheekaathmakathaykkulla sramangal saamyam athishayokthiparamaakkunna samanthara pratheekaathmakathayude kesukalaayi kaanukayum cheiyunnu. ennirunnaalum, kizhakk, purathana kaalathum madhyakaalakhattathilum pattunoolpaathayil nestoriyan kristhumathavum budhamathavum thammilulla samanvayatha vyaapakamaayirunnu, yeshuvinte soothrangal theliyikkunnathupole chainayile kizhakk madhyakala sabhayil ithu prathyekichum ucharikkapettu.
uthbhavavum aadyakaala sanbarkkangalum.
budhamathathinte charithram kristhumathatthinu ekadesham aarr noottaandukalkku munbu indiayile ippol bodhu gayayaanenn ariyappedunna sthalathekku pookunnu, ithu ippozhum aacharikkunna ettavum pazhaya mathangalilonnaan. onnaam noottaandinte thudakkathil roman judiyayil ninnaan kristhumathatthinte uthbhavam. naalu canonical suvisheshangal ekadesham AD muthalullathaanu, poolin eppistalukal avarude munbil AD AD ll ezhuthappettathaanu.
1930kall muthal, will durantineppolulla ezhuthukaar purathana syria, eejipt, grease ennividangalilekku sanjaricha mahanaaya ashokante greco-budhamatha prathinidhikal kristhyan adhyaapanathinu adithara paakunnathin sahaayichittundaakamena abhiprayappettu. budhamatham kizhakkan greak lokath pramukhamaayirunnu, alexander dhii grettinte saamraajyathinteyum (greco-bactrian raajyam (bisi 250-125 bisi) indo-greak raajyathinteyum (bisi 180-10 ce) kizhakkan greak pingamikalaaya raajyangalude audyogika mathamaayi maari. niravadhi pramukha greak budhamatha missionarymaarum (mahadharmarakshithayum dharmarakshithayum) ariyappedunna intho-greak rajaavaaya menander onnaaman budhamathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappedukayum budhamathathinte mahanaaya rakshaadhikaarikalil oralaayi kanakkakkappedukayum cheiyunnu. (milinda panha kaanuka.) chila aadhunika charitrakaaranmaar abhipraayappedunnathu eejipthile therapeutayile kristhuvinu munbulla sanyasi kramam budhamathathinte oru roopamaaya paali padamaaya "teravada" yude roopabhedamaayirikkaam, eee prasthaanam "buddha sanyaasathinte adhyaapanathil ninnum sanbradaayangalil ninnum eathaandu poornnamaayum prachodanam ulkkondirikkaam". avar padinjaarulla ashokante doothanmaarude pingaamikalaayirikkaam.
eejipthile alexandriayil, kristhumatham aarambhicha samayat budhamathakkaar hellenistic eejipthilaan jeevichirunnathennu kaanikkunna dharmmachakratthinte chithreekaranangalaal alankaricha tolomic kaalaghattatthile budhamatha shavakudeerangal kandethiyittundu. alexandriayil budhamathakkaarude saannidhyam oru ezhuthukaarane shradhikkaan prerippichu "pinneedu eee sthalathaanu kristhumathatthinte ettavum sajeevamaaya chila kendrangal sthaapithamaayathu."ennirunnaalum, aadhunika kristhyan pandithanmaar pothuve vishwasikkunnathu kristhumathatthil budhamathathinte swaadheenathinu nerittulla thelivukalonnumillennum niravadhi pandithochithamaaya daivashaasthra kruthikal eee nirddeshangale pinthunaykkunnillenum aanu. ennirunnaalum, jerry echu polulla chila charitrakaaranmaar. kristhumathatthinte aadyakaala vikasanathe budhamatham swaadheenichathinu yadhaartha saadhyathayundennu bentli abhipraayappedunnu.
aadyakaalathe pramukha kristhyaanikalkk budhaneyum chila budhamatha kathakaleyum kurichu ariyamaayirunnu. vishudha jerom (pothuvarsham naalam noottaand) budhante jananathekkurichu paraamarsikkunnu, addeham parayunnu, "oru kanyakayude bhagathaanu addeham janichathu."aadyakaala sabhaa pithavaaya klement oof alexandriaykkum (eiii. dii. 215-ll marichu) budhanekkurichu ariyamaayirunnu, thante stromettayil (bii. keey. aii, chii. echu. ex. vii) ingane ezhuthi" indian jimnosaphistukalum ennathil undu, mattu barbarian thathwachinthakarum undu. ivayil chilath sarmane ennum mattullava braahmanar ennum vilikkunna rund vibhaagangalund. hailobi' ennu vilikkappedunna sarmaaneyude aalukal nagarangalil vasikkukayo melkkoorakal undaakukayo cheiyunnilla, marichu marangalude puramtholi dharichu andipparippu bhakshikkukayum kaikalil vellam kudikkukayum cheiyunnu. innathe enkrattaittukal ennu vilikkappedunnavareppo, avarkk vivaahamo kuttikalundaakunnatho ariyilla. chila indiakkaarum budhante (βοοτα) kalppanakal anusarikkunnu, addehathinte asaadhaaranamaaya pavithratha kaaranam avar divya bahumathikalilekku uyarthi."
madhyakaalakhattathil padinjaaru budhamathatthinte oru soochanayum undaayirunnilla. pathimoonnaam noottaandil, jiovanni dii piano carpini, ruisbrokkile vilyam thudangiya anthaaraashtra sanjaarikal budhamathathekkurichulla reportukal padinjarottu ayaykkukayum nestoriyan kristhyan samoohangalumaayi chila samanathakal rekhappeduthukayum cheythu. vaasthavathil, kizhakk nestoriyan kristhumathavum budhamathavum thammilulla samanvayavaadam purathana kaalathum madhyakaalakhattathilum ellaayppozhum pattunool pathayil nilaninnirunnu, yeshuvinte soothrangal theliyikkunnathupole chainayile kizhakk madhyakala sabhayil ithu prathyekichum ucharikkapettu.
pathinaram noottaandinte thudakkathil europian kristhyaanikal budhamathavumaayi kooduthal nerittu sanbarkkam pulartthiyappol, sent. francis seviyar budhamatha sanbradaayangalekkurichu vivaranagal thirike ayachu. pathinettaam noottaandinte avasaanathil europian sarvakalaashaalakalil samskritha padanangalude varavode, thudarnnu budhamatha grandhangalude labhyathayode, budhamathavumaayulla sariyaaya ettumuttalinekkurichu charchakal aarambhichu. kaalakramena, budhamatham paashchaathya anuyaayikaleyum pathonpathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil aadyathe paashchaathyareyum (udha.jii. sarr edwin arnold henry oolkkottum) budhamathathilekku parivartthanam cheyyappettu. irupathaam noottaandinte thudakkathil aadyathe paashchaathyar (udha.jii. ananda mettaiah nyaasathilokkayum) buddha sanyaasijeevithathilekk praveshichu.
samaanathakalum vyathyaasangalum.
samanathakal.
pathonpathaam noottaandil chila pandithanmaar budhamathavum kristhyan aachaarangalum thammilulla samanathakal manassilakkaan thudangi. 1878ll tii.dablyu. tibattile aadyakaala missionarymar aadyathe sanbarkkam muthal samanathakal kaanunnathayi nireekshichathaayi rais davids ezhuthi. 1880-ll, krooshil yeshuvinte maranavum kristheeya praayashchittham enna sidhaanthavum ozhike, ettavum purathanamaaya budhamatha rekhakalkku kristhyan paarambaryangalumaayi saamyamundennu ernest dii bansen samanamaaya nireekshanangal nadatthi.
irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil charitrakaaranaaya jerry echu. bentli samaanathakalekkurich ezhuthukayum "budhamatham kristhumathatthinte aadyakaala vikasanathe swaadheenichirikkaam" ennu prasthavikkukayum "budhanteyum yesuvinteyum jananam, jeevitam, sidhaanthangal, maranam ennivayekkurichulla niravadhi samaanathakalilekku shradha kendreekarikkanamennu" nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. chila unnathala budhamathakkaar yesuvum budhamathavum thammil saadrishyangal varachittundu.jii. 2001-ll dalaay laama prasthaavichathu "yesukristhuvum munkaala jeevithangal jeevichu", "athinaal, ningal kaanunnu, addeham oru bodhisathvanaayo prabudhanaaya vyakthiyaayo budhamatha sanbradaayathiloodeyo allengil athupolulla mattenthenkilumo oru uyarnna avasthayilethi."vietnaamees buddhasanyasi thichu naath hahn thante" "jeevikkunna buddhan, jeevikkunna kristhuve" "enna pusthakatthil trimoorthikal, yeshukristhuvinte maranavum punarutthaanavum thudangiya adisthaana kristheeya vishwaasangal sthireekarichu". athupole, bokkin kiim kristhuvine buddha dharmakaayanaayum yeshuvine charitraatheetha budhante charitraparamaaya aavirbhavam mathramaayirunna gauthamanodu saamyamullavaraayum kaanunnu. tamara rossem tibattan budhamathavum nigooda kristhumathavum thammilulla oru sambhashanam" enna pusthakatthil laama somo mathyoo kurukkanum budhamathavum kristhumathavum thammilulla paraspara bandhathekkurichu charcha cheiyunnu. athil, kurukkan buddha-swabhaavathe pandithanmaraya joonn dominic crosson broose chiltanum kristhuvinekkurichulla polinte yadhaartha "cosmic" allengil "metacosmic" kazhchappaadumaayi bandhappeduthunnu.
vyathyaasangal.
budhamathavum kristhumathavum thammil antharleenavum adisthaanaparavumaaya vyathyaasangalund, oru pradhana ghadakam kristhumatham athinte kaathalaya ekadaivavaadathilum srashtaavenna nilayil oru daivathe aashrayikkumbozhum, budhamatham pothuve daivavirudhavum lokathinu daivika moolyangal nalkunna oru srashtaavu enna ashayam nirasikkunnathumaanu.
nilavil ettavum vyaapakamaayi upayogikkunna kristhyan mathamaaya naiseen matham prasthaavikkunnath "swarggathinteyum bhoomiyudeyum srashtaavaaya sarvashakthanaaya pithavaaya oru daivathilum drishyavum adrishyavumaaya ellah vasthukkalilum njangal vishwasikkunnu" ennaanu. ennirunnaalum, daivasnehaparamaaya srishtiyekkurichulla ashayam budhamatha chinthaykku pothuve anyamaanu, daivathinte nilanilppinekkurichulla chodyam orupakshe kristhumathatthinteyum budhamathathinteyum padippikkalukal thammilulla ettavum adisthaana thadassangalilonnaanu. mahayana budhamatham bodhisathvante vishudharoopathilulla avasthayil vishwaasam prakadippikkunnundel, ithu kristhumathatthile srashtaavaaya daivamenna aashayathil ninnu valare vyathyasthamaan. budhamathathinte chila vyathiyanangal aalmaaraattamillatha nithyabudhanilo trikaayayilo vishwasikkumbol, pothuve budhamatham shoonyamaaya idam shaashwathavum srishtiyude arambha binduvillaathathumaanenna kaanunnu. dalaay lamayude abhipraayathil, oru srashtaavilulla vishwaasam shoonyathayekkurichulla daaranayumaayi bandhappettirikkamenkum "oru nischitha alavilulla saakshaathkaaram kaivarichukazhinjaal, rund paathakalum thammilulla oru thiranjeduppu aavasyamaanu."
ooksfoord handbook oof escatology" anusarichu, anthyakaalavum escatology sambandhichu kristhyan, budhamatha vishwaasangalil antharleenamaaya vyathyaasangalund. budhamathathinu jeevithathinte prathyeka chakrangale soochippikkunna "aapekshika escatology" enna ashayam undengilum, "buddha escatology" enna padam "anthima kaaryangalumaayi" bandhappettathallennum allengil lokam oru divasam avasanikkum ennum-budhamatha thiruvezhuthukal pathivayi "thudakkamillaatha shaasthram" ennathine orikkalum avasaanikkaatha janana-marana chakramaayi paraamarsikkunnu. ennirunnaalum, lokam athinte nigamanatthiletthumbol avasana vidhiyil "ellah srishtikkum avasaanam" enna ashayam kristhyan escatolajiyil nerittu ulppedunnu.
mattu adisthaana poruthakkedukalundu, udha.jii. krupa kristheeya daivashaasthrathinte thanne bhaagamaanenkilum, theravaada budhamathathil oru daivathinum karmmathil edapedaan kazhiyilla, athinaal eee padippikkalukalil eathenkilum tharatthilulla krupa enna ashayam sveekaaryamalla. ennaal mahayana budhamatham eee vishayathil vyathyasthamaan.
paapamochanatthinaayi pravartthikkunna charithratthile orotta sambhavamaayi yeshuvine krooshikkunnathu kristheeya vishwaasathinte oru kendra gadakamaanu. ennirunnaalum, ithu kristhyan, budhamatha padippikkalukal thammil sakthamaaya vyathyasam srishtikkunnu. kurishile sambhavam" kristhumathatthinte kendramaanengilum, budhamathathinu athinte praadhaanyam amgeekarikkaan kazhiyillennu buddha pandithanaaya masavo aabe choondikkaatti. budhamatha thathwachinthakan dii. tii. oro thavanayum oru kroosheekarana rangam kaanumbol athu kristhumathavum budhamathavum thammilulla "aazhathilulla vidavu" ormmippikkunnuvennu suzuki prasthaavichu.
kristhumathatthil budhamathatthinte swaadheenam.
swaadheenangalude nirddeshangal.
budhamatham aadyakaala kristhumathatthe swaadheenichittundaakana nirddeshangal nalkiyittundu. srilanka, syria, eejipt, grease ennividangalilekku indiayile ashoka chakravarty ayacha budhamatha missionarymar kristhuvinte dhaarmmikathaykk thayyaredukkaan sahaayichittundaakam. noostiks (cheria vibhaagam) mukhyadharaa kristhumathatthinte bhaagamaayi kanakkakkappedunnilla, chilare mathavirudharaayi prakhyaapichittundu. ennirunnaalum, eline pagels nosttisatthil budhamatha swaadheenangal nirddeshikkunnu. yeshukristhuvinte padippikkalukalum kizhakkan paarambaryangalil kaanapedunna padippikkalukalum samaanathakalullavayaanennu pejalukal abhiprayappettu, ennaal eee samanathakal yaadrishchikamaayirikkaamenna nigamanam cheiyunnu, kaaranam samanthara paarambaryangal nerittulla swaadheenamillaathe vividha samskaarangalil uyarnnuvannekkaam.
naalam noottaandil eejiptil kristhyan sanyaasithvam vikasichuvennum athu athinte kaalatheyum sthalatheyum buddha sanyaasavumaayi thaarathamyappeduthaavunna oru gadanayode uyarnnuvannuvennum budhamathakkaaranaaya jacq magwire abhiprayappettu. alexandriayil, tolomic kaalaghattatthile indian shavakudeerangal (c. bii. sii. 305-bii. sii. 30) alexandriayil kandethiyittundu. medittareniyan kadalinum indian upabhookhandathinum edayilulla tolomic vyapara kendramaayi alexandria pravartthikkukayum pinneedu "kristhumathatthinte ettavum sajeevamaaya chila kendrangal" ulkkollukayum lokathile kristhumathatthinte moonnaamathe pradhana kendramaayi maarukayum cheythu.
kizhakkan thathwachintha padicha sesham jarmman thathwachinthakanaaya arther shopenhover prasthaavikkunnath "puthiya udambadi indian uthbhavamayirikkanam" ennaanu...] kristhumathatthil sathyamaayathellam braahmanavaadathilum budhamathathilum kandethanam, egypthilekkulla parakkalin sesham, yeshuvine valarthiyathu indian vamshajaraaya eejipt purohithanmaaraanennu sidhaantham."scopenhover vishadeekarikkunnu eee indian sidhaantham vaagdatha bhoomiyil praveshichappol, lokathinte azhimathiyeyum durithatheyum kurichulla arivum, athinte veendedukkalinteyum mokshatthinteyum aavashyakathayekkurichum, oru avathaarathiloode, svayam nishedhathinteyum praayashchithatthinteyum dhaarmikathayodoppam, jootha ekadaivavaadathodum athinte 'nokkoo, athu valare nallathaayirunnu' ennathumaayi onnippikkenda chumatala uyarnnuvannu.
oru muthirnna yeshu indiayilekku yaatra cheyyukayum galiliyil thante shushroosha aarambhikkunnathin munbu budhamatham swaadheenikkukayum cheythuvenna nirddesham aadyamaayi nicolas nottovachu 1894 ll "yeshukristhuvinte anjjaathajeevitham" enna pusthakatthil avatharippichu, athu vyaapakamaayi pracharippikkukayum mattu sidhaanthangalude adisthaanamaavukayum cheythu. nottovichinte sidhaantham thudakkam muthal vivaadaparavum vyaapakamaayi vimarshikkappedukayum cheythu. charitrakaaranmaar thante katha veendum parishodhichukazhinjaal, thelivukal kettichamachathaanennu notovichu sammathichu.
swaadheenangalude nirasikkal.
kristhumathatthil budhamathathil ninnulla swaadheenathekkurichulla nirddeshangal, prathyekichu yeshu budhamatha indiayilekkulla yathrakal, saangalppikavum charitraparamaaya adisthaanamillaathathumaanna niravadhi pandithanmaar prasthaavichittundu
budhamathathil kristhyan swaadheenam.
18-umm 19-umm noottaandukalil budhamathathil kristhyan swaadheenam pradhaanamaayum aadhunika mathavidyaabhyaasathinte udaaharanamaayirunnu. kazhinja noottaandukalil, kristhyan missionarymar budhamatha kanyastree cheng yenn polulla niravadhi budhamatha grouppukale swaadheenichittundu, catholica kanyaasthreekalude maanushika sahaayathil ninnu prachodanam ulkkond, budhamathakkaar "aalukalude aathmaakkalude swakaarya krishiye prolsaahippikkunnathiku kooduthal cheyyendathundu" ennu theerumaanichu. avarude kruthikal oduvil eshyayile laabhechayillaathe pravartthikkunna oru maanushika samghadanayaaya suu chick adithara paakunnathilekku nayichu.
samakaalika budhamatha-kristhyan kaimaattam.
othucheraanulla sramangal.
budhamatham padinjaaru janapreeti nedukayaanu. pathonpathaam noottaandil oru saamskaarikavum akkaadamikavumaaya varenyavarggathil ninnu aarambhicha ithu ippol paashchaathya samskaarathil, prathyekichu 1960kall muthal vyaapakamaanu.
irupathaam noottaandil thomas merttan, weyne teasdale, david staindal-raast, muun kanyastree carren amstrong thudangiya kristhyan sanyasimaarum ajan buddhadasa, thichu naath hahn, dalaay laama thudangiya buddha sanyasimaarum budhamathatheyum kristhumathatheyum kurichulla oru antharvishwaasa sambhaashanathil pankedutthittundu. budhamathavum kristhumathavum thammilulla pothuvaaya aditharayilekku velicham veeshukayaan eee sambhashanam lakshyamidunnathu.
budhamathathekkurichulla nilavilulla pranaya veekshanam athine aadhikaarikavum purathanavumaaya oru sambradaayamaayi kaanunnundengilum samakaalika budhamathathe paashchaathya samskaaram aazhathil swaadheenichittundu. pathonpathaam noottaandil paashchaathya koloniyalisatthinte uyarchayode, eshyan samskaarangalum mathangalum swantham paarambaryangal nashtappedaathe paashchaathya aadhipathyavumaayi poruthappedaanulla thanthrangal vikasippichu. paashchaathya prabhashanangal ettedukkukayum thaddesheeya paarambaryangal samrakshikkaan paashchaathya vivaada shailikal prayogikkukayum cheythu.
othucheral nirasikkal.
1989-ll catholica sabha, vishwaasa sidhaanthathinaayulla sabhayiloode, kristhyan, budhamatha sanbradaayangalude chila vashangal kalarthaanulla sramangal nirasichu, "kristhyan dhyaanatthinte chila vashangalekkurich catholica sabhayude bishappukalkulla kathu" enna thalakkettilulla oru kathil, saadhaaranayaayi "kristhyan dhyaanatthinte vashangal" ennu ariyappedunnu.
kristheeya dhyanavum budhamatham polulla kizhakkan mathangalil upayogikkunna dhyana shailikalum thammilulla vyathyasangalekkurichum poruthakkedu undakaan saadhyathayullathinekkurim rekha munnariyipp nalkunnu. budhamathathinte chila gadakangale "negatteevu daivashaasthram" ennu paraamarsikkunna rekha iprakaaram parayunnu
budhamathathe paraamarsikkunna "puthiya yugathekkurichulla oru kristhyan prathiphalanatthil" 2003-lum samanamaaya munnariyippukal purappeduvichirunnu. thekkan snapana kanvenshan aaa kaazhchappaadukalod yojichu.

