
rudolph formis

kaal eric rudolph formis (25 desember 1894-23 januvari 1935) oru jarmman enchineeyarum radio enchineeyarumaayirunnu, rakes-rundfunk-jeselshaftinte subsidiaryaaya suddyushe rundfunk eji (surag) yill. jarmman amachwar radio prasthaanatthinte thudakkakkaaranaayirunnu formis. germmaniyile naasi bharanakaalathu addeham svayam nirmmicha short wave radio upayogichu checoslovakiayil ninnu black frond oorganaiseshanaayi naasi virudha radio prakshepanangal sampreshanam cheythu. reinhard hydrichinte nirddeshaprakaaram sicherheatsdienst formisine kolappedutthi.
jeevitam.
oru madhyavarga stattgaart kudumbatthil ninnaan formis vannath. addehathinte muthachan kristhyan friedrich voonn leans, stattgaarttile villa berg roopakalppana cheytha oru prashastha vaasthushilpiyaayirunnu. onnaam lokamahaayudhathil, formis jarmman eshya corpsil pettathum arabiyile automan saamraajyathinte sainikarkoppam pooraadiyathumaayirunnu. yudhaanantharam, americayumaayi ashayavinimayam nadatthaan kazhivulla oru short-wave traansmittar nirmmichappol radio telegraphy mekhalayil thante noothana kazhivukal formis pradharshippichu. 1923 leeii vasanthakaalath, ithu sooraagil jolie nedaan formisine praapthamakki, avide addeham kambanikkaayi aadyathe transmission samvidaanangal nirmmichu. 10 varshathilere kambaniyil jolie cheytha addeham thekkan jarmman radioyude saankethika director sthaanathethi.
1925ll formis jarmman amachwar radio padavi dii (dii = jarmman reseaving steshan) avatharippichu. formisinu thanne "dii 0100" enna maarkk undaayirunnu. oru broadcast amachwar enna nilayil addehathinte kooll saine "keey-vaii 4" aayirunnu. 1928-ll, stattgaarttinaduthlathu kottayile eakaanthathayil, addeham sooraaginu oru vidoora reseaving steshan nirmmichu, athu videshathu ninnulla reportukal vitharanam cheythu. 1932 januvari muthal surag saankethika vakuppinte thalavanaayirunnu formis.
naasikal adhikaarathil vannathinushesham, 1933 march 7 nuu formis sturmabteylangil amgamaayi, oru sa amgamenna nilayil saude adhiniveshathil pankedutthu. munbu deseeya soshyalist ennu parasyamaayi ariyappedaathe deseeya soshyalistukale pinthunachu addeham oru prasangam nadathukayum muun director boffingerinethire thiriyukayum cheythu. kristhyan friedrich voonn leansinte bharyayaaya muthasshi joothayaayirunnathinaal formis pinneedu naasikalumayi samgharshathilaayi. naasi viplavathinidayil addeham niraasanaayennum naadakeeyamaaya prathishedhamaayi hitlarude pothuprasamgangalilonn prakshepanam cheiyunna radioyude landline addeham vettikkurachuvennum oru vivaranam udharichu, angane addehathinte moonnu manikkoor prasangam dasalakshakkanakkinu jarmmankaarkk veettil kelkkunnathu sampreshanam cheiyunnathu nashichu. eee nadapadiyude peril addehathe arast cheyyukayum gestappo marddikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte jootha vamshaparambara velippettathinusesham addehathe oru thadankalppaalayathilekkum ayachu.
karutha munbhagam.
germmaniyil arast cheyyappetta formis oodi rakshappedukayum turkeyilekku marran sramikkukayum cheythenkilum thettaaya rekhakal ullathinaal bulgariayil thadanju praaguvilekku ayachu. praagil, formis deseeya soshyalistukalil ninnu pirinja oottoo strasser nadathunna prathipaksha grouppaaya black frondil chernnu. formis strasserude pathramaya "dye dushe revolution" (jarmman viplavam) vitharanam cheyyukayum 1934 novemberil slappy naad valttaavovinaduthulla muun hotel sahoriyil oru bhoogarbha prakshepana kendram nirmmikkukayum cheythu. short wave traansmittar formis nirmmichathum addehathinte stattgaart varkshoppil ninnu checoslovakiayilekku thano suhruthukkalo konduvannathumaanu. septambaril aarambhicha pareekshana prakshepanangalkku sesham 1934 desember 2nuu pathiv group prakshepanangal aarambhichu.
naasikal kandethiya aadyathe jarmman rahasya radio traansmittar formisinte traansmittar aayirunnu. connigs woosterhousen radio traansmittarin samanamaaya pravartthana aavruthikal addeham upayogikkukayum berlinil ninnaan signal kaimaattam cheythathennu reseavermar vishwasikkunna reethiyil pravartthikkukayum cheythu. eee kaalayalavil, formis technician, speaker, ezhuthukaaran ennee nilakalil pravarthichu. black frontinte prague offeesinte pathrasaamprakaranangalil ninnum svayam scan cheytha prakshepanangalil ninnum addeham thante vivarangal shekharichu. naasi bharanakoodatthinethiraaya appeelukal, naasi prachaaranathinulla prathikaranangal, prathirodhatthinum attimarikkumulla ahvaanangal enniva eee paripaadiyil ulppedunnu. koodaathe, straasaril ninnulla maanejment reportukal prakshepanam cheyyukayum athil addeham naasi party parihasikkaan sramikkukayum cheythu. 1930 nuu munbu thante party amgathvam muthal naasikale nayikkunnathinekkurichu thante arivu strasser upayogichu, eee sahacharyam hitlare oru prathyeka sthaanathu athikkendathaayirunnu. radio prakshepanangal akkaalat ettavum aadhunikamaaya prachaarana roopamaayirunnathinaal avaa valare pradhanamaayi kanakkakkappettirunnathil prakshepana pravartthanam naasi party prathyekichu alosarappeduthi.
formis traansmittarinte aantina tyoon cheythathinaal bhooribhaagam shakthiyum aakaashathekku pooyi (skywave vyaapanam). eee reethiyil traansmittar graundu wave ekadesham 20 kilometer chuttalavil kandethunnathu kooduthal budhimuttaayirikkum. ennirunnaalum, "abhordienst" (jarmman prathirodham) nuu 100 vaatt traansmittarinte shakthiyode ooppareshan kandethaan kazhinju. eee saahacharyathil, black frontinte prague naadukadatthal groupilekku gestappo ejantumaar nuzhanjukayarukayum traansmittarinteyum oopparettarinteyum sthaanathekkurichulla nirnaayaka vivarangal straasarinte jeevanakkaranaaya frankil ninnaan varunnath.
steshanethire nadapadiyedukkaan jarmman sarkkar checoslovac sarkkarinodu aavasyappettu. 1934 desember 12 nuu stettu sekrattari bernhard wilhem voonn bulo oppitta kathil, steshane "vidvesha kendram" ("hetsentral") ennu tharamthirichu, athu adhikaarikal nirodhikkanam. formisukalude prasangam "gauravamulla swabian" aanennu amgeekaricha stuttgaartt radio jeevanakkaarkk prakshepanangalude recordingukal play cheythu.
1935 januvariyil esdie commander reinhard hydrich ss squad leader alfred naujoksinodu bhoogarbha traansmittar nasippikkaan utharavittu. hans mullar enna peril yaatra cheyyukayum skieraayi maraykkappedukayum cheytha naujokkukal berlinil ninnulla jiim teacher edith kersbackinoppam checoslovakiayilekku pooyi, avide avar formisinte aathmavishwaasam nedunnathilum traansmittar roomile thaakkolude mezhukuthiri undaakkunnathilum vijayichu. naujokkukal hrasvamaayi jarmmaniyilekku madangukayum oru thanippakarpp nirmmikkukayum verner gotshinoppam veendum naad valttaavuvilekku oodukayum cheythu. transmission roomilek sradhikkappedaathe praveshikkuka, assid, sedett formis enniva upayogichu traansmittar nasippikkuka, avane thattikkondupokuka ennivayaayirunnu avarude padhathi. 1935 januvari 23nuu, padhathikku virudhamaayi, formis prakshepana muriyil thaamasikkukayum praveshikkumbol naujokkukalkku nere vediyuthirkkukayum cheythu. thudarnnulla vedivayppil rund pisttal shottukal kondu formis kollappettu. oru veyittar adichathu ezz. dii ejantumaarkku oru kattilil olippichirunna traansmittar kandethunnathil ninnu thadanju. sambhavam srishticha araajakathvam hydrichine kooduthal vashalakki, oru thettaaya shasthrakriyayaayi thaan kanakkaakkiyathinte sankeernathakalkku himlarude kopam undaakumenn addeham bhayapettu. raajyathe jarmman kudiyettakkaarude nireekshanavum pinthudarchayum, konad henline sudettan jarmman heemaattafrandine vimarshikkunna oru grouppaaya "aufbroochu" sarkkilinulla pinthunayum ulppede, secoslovakiayile ezz. dii. yude pravartthanangal parasyamaaya kolapathakam thurannukaatti, sudettanlaandine pravartthanangalude aditharayaayi upayogichu.
formis adichu kuzhichidunnu. addehathinte shavakudeeram innum nannayi paripaalikkappedunnu.
anantharafalangal.
akramasakthamaaya vedivayppinu sesham manikkoorukalkullil black frond veendum prakshepanam cheythu. kolapaathakathinu sesham ejantumaaraaya naujokkukalum gotsh jarmmaniyilekku rakshapettu. jarmman sarkkaarinodulla checoslovac sarkkaarinte nayatantra prathishedhangalkku utharam labhichilla. yudhathinushesham naujoksine thadavilaakkukayum pinneedu oru britiish-check kammeeshan chodyam cheyyukayum cheythu, avar denmarkilekku vichaaranaykkaayi ayaykkaan theerumaanichu, kaaranam addeham avide "gagenteror" ennariyappedunna theevravaada virudha pravartthanatthil earppettirunnu. 1949 januvariyil naujoksinu pathinanju varshathe thadavu shiksha vidhichenkilum appeelil anjennam maathramaan shikshikkappettath. 1960kalil jarmman adhikaarikal naujokkukalekkurichu anweshichu. anchu praadhamika anweshanangal nadannengilum avaa orikkalum kuttaaropithanmaarilekk nayichilla. 1967ll hambergill gotshine kuttakkaaranenn vidhichenkilum kuttapathram prakaram aaraan marakamaaya vediyuthirthathennu nirnnayikkaan kazhinjilla.
rudolph formisinte kolapaathakathekkurichulla niravadhi reportukal naadukadatthappetta jarmman pathrangalil prathyakshappettu. jarmman bhaashayilulla "paareeshyan tagblat" pathram prague aasthaanamaayulla pathramaya "venkov" udharichu "hitlarude germmaniyude yadhaartha aathmaavine anaavaranam cheiyunnathu itharathilulla kuttakrithyangalaanu" ennu prasthaavichu. ezhuthukaaranaaya fritts erpenbeck 1939-leeii thante 'immigrantan' enna novalil kolapaathakathinu 'sicherheetsdiyanstine' akramikkukayum 'dormler' enna peril formisine chithreekarikkukayum cheythu. 1941 juulai 18nuu bbc kolapaathakathekkurichu oru radio naadakam prakshepanam cheythu. amachwar check radio oopparettarmaarude samoohathinullil formis oru naayakanayi kanakkaakkappedunnu.
rudolph formis upayogichirunna radio steshan bhaavithalamuraykkaayi samrakshikkappettu. 2012lum 2013lum ithu praagile deseeya saankethika myusiyathinu vaaypa nalkiyirunnu.