
tetramorium immigrations

vadakke amerikkayude chila bhaagangalil immigrant pavement urumbu, pavement urumbu, panchasaara urumbu ennum ariyappedunna tetramorium immigrains europil ninnulla oru urumbaanu, ithu vadakke amerikkayil parichayappedutthiya keedamaayum kaanapedunnu. vadakke amerikkayile kolanikal saadhaaranayaayi nadappaathaykku keezhil koodukal nirmmikkunnu enna vasthuthayil ninnaan ithinte pothuvaaya peru vannath. vadakke amerikkayil ettavum saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunna urumbukalil onnaaya ithu nagara, suburban aavaasavyavasthakalumaayi nannayi poruthappedunnu. purakil oru jody nattellukalum, pettiyolil rund nodukalum, thalayilum nenjilum groovukalum upayogichu ithu verthirichariyappedunnu.
vasanthakaalathinte avasaanathilum venalkkaalathinte thudakkathilum kolanikal puthiya pradeshangal keezhadakkaan sramikkukayum palappozhum aduthulla shatru kolanikale akramikkukayum cheiyunnu. ithu valia nadappaatha yudhangalkku kaaranamaakukayum chilappol aayirakkanakkin urumbukal marikkukayum cheiyunnu. venalkkaalath urumbukal avarude koodukal vidunnathinaayi nadappaathakalkkidayilulla manal kuzhikkunnu. 2014ll anthaaraashtra bahirakasha nilayathil nadappaatha urumbukalekkurichu padichu.
vivaranam.
nadappaatha urumbinu irunda thavitt muthal karupp niravum 2.5-4 milleemettar neelavumundu. thozhilaallikal, alattukal, oru raajnji ennivar chernnathaanu oru kolaniyullathu. thozhilaallikalkk oru cheria stinger undu, ithu manushyaril neriya aswasthathayundaakkumengil adisthaanaparamaayi nirupadravakaramaanu. aletes, allengil puthiya raajnji urumbukalkkum dronukalkkum chirakukalundu, avaa thozhilaallikalekkaal erattiyengilum valuthaanu. 
"tetramorium" vivaha parakkalukal vasanthakaalathum venalkkaalathum sambhavikkunnu; raajnjikalum dronukalum koodu vittu oru inaye kandethunnu. kanyaka raajnjikalumaayi inacheruka ennathaanu droninte eaka jolie. dealate allengil puthuthayi beejasankalanam cheytha raajnji, avalude chirakukal choriyukayum anuyojyamaaya koodundaakkunna sthalam kandethukayum klosttaral chamber allengil sell enna sthaapana arra kuzhikkukayum cheiyunnu. bhakshanathinaayi meikkaavunna praayamaakunnathuvare raajnji aadya thalamurayile yuvaakkale svayam valarthanam. eee kaalayalavil avalude parakkunna peshikalude proteinukale metabolise cheythukondu aval athijeevikkunnu. muttakal viriyukayum urumbukal valarukayum cheyyumbol, avar aaa samayam chelavazhikkunnu, ekadesham rund muthal moonnu maasam vare, avarude kolaniyile raajnjiye paripaalikkunnu. oru maasam praayamaakunnathuvare avar kolaniyil sahayam cheiyunnathu thudarum.
prayamaaya thozhilaallikal bhakshanathinaayi meikkukayum kolaniye samrakshikkukayum cheiyunnu. mattu praanikal, vithukal, thaine, thaine, bread, maamsam, andipparippu, iscream, chees ennivayulppede mikkavarum enthum avar bhakshikkum. avaa saadhaaranayaayi kettidangalkkullil koodundaakkaarillengilum, avasheshikkunna bhakshanam aakarshikkunna veedukalil praveshikkunnathu oru cheria shalyamaayi mariyekkaam. codling moth laarvakalude vettakkaaraan iva.
aavaasavyavasthayum koodukalum.
paadachaarikalaaya urumbukal kuranja sasyajalangalulla pradeshangal eshtappedunna bhoogarbha koodukal nirmmikkunnu, koodaathe kettida aditharakal, nadappaathakal, nadappaathakal, paattiyo ennivaykku keezhil kaanapedunna nagarapradesangalumaayi poruthappedunnu. 1 muthal 4.8 chathurashra meter vare visthruthiyulla koodukalkku 45 muthal 90 centimeter vare aazhamund. venalkkaalath cheria garthaakrithiyilulla manalkkunnukalaal chuttapetta praveshana dwaarangalaal avaa thirichariyaan kazhiyum. kolanikalil 3,000 muthal 10,000 vare thozhilaallikal undayirikkaam, saadhaaranayaayi avar eakaakikalaayirikkukayum oru rajnjiyo apoorva sandarbhangalil rando athiladhikamo ullavarayirikkukayum cheiyunnu.
avar oru pradeshathe prathirodhikkunnu, tick 43 chathurashra meter kanakkaakkappedunnu. kudiyettakkaarum ayalrajyangalumaayi bandhamillaattha kolanikal thammilulla valia yudhangalum saadhaaranamaanu, prathyekichu vasanthakaalath puthiya kolanikal avarude athirthikal sthaapikkumbol.
paraannabhojikal.
"tii. thozhilaallikallaathathum ectoparacitic aaya "tetramorium inkvilinam" urumbukalude aathidheyanaayi immigrains pravartthikkunnu. eee aadima urumbu oru nadappaatha urumbukalude, prathyekichu raajnjikalude pinbhaagathu pattippidichu jeevitam chelavazhikkunnu.
systematics.
"tetramorium immigrains" "tetramorium sespittam complexile amgamaanu, athil 10 inam janussukal ulppedunnu
eee enangal europile thaddesheeyamaanu. koodaathe, "tetramorium immigrains" vadakke amerikkayil saadhaaranavum vyaapakavumaanu.
vadakke amerikkayiludaneelamulla "tetramorium immigrainsinte" kuranja janithaka vaividhyam soochippikkunnathu ekadesham 200 varshangalkk munbu orotta allengil adutha bandhamullah kurachu urumbukalude kolanikal sthaapichathinte falamaanu eee janasamkhya.
vadakke american inam nadappaatha urumbukale munbu "tetramorium seaspittam", upajathikalaaya "tetramorium seaspittam immigrains", "speeshees iii" enningane kanakkaakkiyirunnu. 2017-ll, "tetramorium sespittam" complexes parishkarikkukayum vadakke amerikkayil saadhaaranayaayi kaanapedunna nadappaatha urumbine "tetramorium immigrains" ennu nirnnayikkukayum cheythu. uthbhavicha thekkan europilum eee inam kaanapedunnu.